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MICROFILMED 1998

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Master Negative

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CONTENTS OF REEL 71

1 ) Pennsylvania Department of Forestry

Report of the Pennsylvania Department of Forestry, for the

years..., 1910-1911
MNS# PSt SNPaAg071 .1

2) Pennsylvania Department of Forestry

Report of the Department of Forestry of the State of

Pennsylvania for the years ..., 1912-1913
MNS#PStSNPaAg071.2

CONTENTS OF REEL 71 (CONTINUED)

3) Pennsylvania Department of Forestry

Report of the Department of Forestry of the State of

Pennsylvania for the years ..., 1914-1915
MNS# PSt SNPaAg071 .3

4) Pennsylvania Department of Forestry

Report of the Department of Forestry of the State of

Pennsylvania for the years ..., 1916-1917
MNS#PStSNPaAg071.4

Author: Pennsylvania Department of Forestry

Title: Report of the Pennsylvania Department of Forestry, for
the years ...,1910-1911

Place of Publication: Harrisburg, Pa.

Copyright Date: 1912

Master Negative Storage Number: MNS# PSt SNPaAg071 .1

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HON. JOHN FULTON,

Member of the Pennsylvania State Forestry Reservation

Commission From Mnv 25, 1897, to

March 4, 191L

Commontoealtfj of j^enngplbania>

^J^

REPORT OF THE

PENNSYLVANIA

J^epartment of Jforegtrp

FOR THE

YEARS 1910-H

9=^^

HARUISRri{(i:
13. E. AUGHINBAUGH. PRINTER TO THE STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA

OFFICIAL DOCUMENT.

No. 26.

SD

'II

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Page.

List of Illustrations, 3

Official List, Department of Forestry 6

Letter of Transmittal to the Governor, 7

Report of the Commissioner of Forestry, 9

The Forest Reserves 9

Pennsylvania State Foresters, l"*

Pennsylvania Forest Rangers, 14

Forestry Communities, 17

Forest Fires on State Lands, 18

Municipal Forests, 19

Lehigh University Scholarships 21

Legal Affairs, 22

Forest Taxation, 24

Department Leases, 24

Rights of Way through Reserves 29

Camping Permits, 80

Trout Fry Planted in Streams on Forest Reserves, 82

Surveys, 34

Drafting 86

Land Grant Applications 88

Rebuilding Dam at Promised Land Pond, 41

Chestnut Blight 42

Educational Efforts: Forestry Exhibit at Pittsburgh 47

Topographical and Forestal Descriptions of Reserves 64

Reserve Improvement 70

Roads, Trails and Fire Lanes Constructed to Date, 91

Financial Statement 92

State Forest Nurseries: 100

Mont Alto, 100

Asaph 107

Greenwood, Ill

Experimental Nurseries Established by Foresters: 115

Bennett, 116

Byers 116

Conklin, R. G 117

Witherow, 117

McNeal 118

Winter 118

Silvius, 119

Strobeck 119

Emerick 120

Kirk, 120

Mueller 120

Warfield 120

Dague 121

Dutlinger, 121

Asaph Nursery Improvements 122

Experiment with Western Catalpa 125

(1)

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

Page.

Sub-Soil Blasting to Accelerate Growth of Trees 129

Forest Reserve Planting, 1910, 131

Forest Reserve Planting, 1911 , 136

Private Planting of Seedling Trees furnished by Department, 142

Forest Planting made by the Department to Date 150

Forest Examinations, by Dr. J. T. Rothrock, 150

Report of the State Forest Inspector, George H. Wirt, 157

Report on Forest Survey of the Ohio Watershed, by George H. Wirt,

Forest Inspector, 184

The State Forest Academy: 192

Report by the Director, Prof. E. A. Ziegler, 1910, 194

Address by Dr. J. T. Rothrock to the 1910 Graduating Class, "The

Forester's Relation to his Work and the State," 197

Address of Hon. John Fulton to the 1910 Graduating Class, 202

Report by the Director, Prof. E. A. Ziegler, 1911, 205

Address of Prof. R. C. Schiedt to the 1911 Graduating Class, "The

Mission of Forests and Foresters in the United States," 210

Fixed Charges on State Land, 219

Response of the Department of Forestry to the Flynn Resolution

Adopted by the Legislature April 24, 1911, 225

Tabulated Statement of Timber Cut in Pennsylvania, 1910 and 1911, 258
Tabulated Statement by Counties, Losses from Forest Fires for the

years 1910 and 1911, 262

Index, 266

OFFICIAL DOCUMENT.

No. 26.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Page.

FRONTISPIECE. Hon. John Fulton, Member of the Pennsylvania
State Forestry Reservation Commission from May 25, 1897, to
March 4, 1911,

PLATE I. Down the Valley of Hall's Run, Hopkins Reserve. Fog
Scene,

PLATE II. A Forest Road in the Bear Meadows, Centre County
Reserve, May, 1911 ,

PLATE III. Same Road as in Plate II, July, 1911, Showing a Three
Feet Growth of Sprouts in Two Months,

PLATE IV. A Portion of the Retaining Wall of the Grounds Whereon
Ole Bull Intended to Erect His Castle at Oleona, Potter County; now
on State Forest Reserve. Portrait of Ole Bull Set in,

PLATE V. Seedling White Pine Plantation on Saeger Farm, Hunting-
don County Reserve, Made in Spring of 1905 with Two Year Old
Seedlings. Photograph Taken January, 1910,

PLATE VI. Water Supply Reservoir of the Borough of South Renovo,
Hall's Run, Hopkins Reserve,

PLATE VII. A Family Camp in the State Forest, Caledonia Reserve,

PLATE VIII. Pyramidal Monument of Rough Stono with Tablet,
Erected at Stony Batter, Franklin County, the Birthplace of James
Buchanan, to the Memory of Pennsylvania's Only President,

PLATE IX. Chestnut Blight Survey near Philadelphia. Students of
the Forest Academy at Work,

PLATE X. The First Car of Lumber Sold from the Mont Alto Re-
serve. Guilford Tract Improvement Cutting. Academy Students
on Car,

PLATE XI. The Bear Meadows, Centre County Reserve

PLATE XII. Red Oak on Shade Mountain, Rothrock Reserve. Type
of Timber Common in that Part of the State Forest,

PLATE XIII. Type of Mature Chestnut Timber on Shade Mountain,
Rothrock Reserve,

PLATE XIV. Forest Fire Trail Near Spruce Gap, Rothrock Reserve.
Yellow Pine with Chestnut Undergrowth. Trail Opened by Forest
Ranger Eli Stayrook, under the Direction of Forester Alfred W.
Bodine

PLATE XV. Portion of an Old Road, a Part of the Laurel Run Road,
Bear Meadows Division, Centre County Reserve, Before Improve-
ment,

PLATE XVI. Portion of an Old Road, a Part of the Laurel Run Road,
Bear Meadows Division, Centre County Reserve, After Improvement.

PLATE XVII. New Forest Road in Rothrock Reserve, along West
Licking Creek. Built During Summer of 1911. Grade li per cent.
Construction in C':arge of Forest Ranger Thomas J. Temple, under
Direction of Forester Alfred W. Bodine

(3)

9
14
15

20

24

27
81

87
42

64
69

66

06

72

76

77

81

4 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.

Page.
PLATE XVIII. The Laurel Run Road, Bear Meadows Division,

Centre County Reserve, Before Repairs, 84

PLATE XIX. The Laurel Run Road, Bear Meadows Division, Centre

County Reserve, After Repairs, 85

PLATE XX. A Mountain Road Re-located and Re-built by Forest
Ranger William Wirth, Cooper's Gap, Mifflin County Reserve.
Road Entering the Gap, 89

PLATE XXI. A Mountain Road Re-located and Re-built by Forest
Ranger William Wirth, Cooper's Gap, Mifflin County Reserve.
Portion of Road Crossing the Flat, 92

PLATE XXII. A Mountain Road Re-located and Re-built by Forest
Ranger William Wirth, Cooper's Gap, Mifflin County Reserve. Im-
proved Grade with Hard, Smooth Surface, 93

PLATE XXIII. The Forest Tree Nursery at Greenwood, Hunting-
don County Reserve 112

PLATE XXIV. Catalpa speciosa. Growth of 18 Feet Made in Four
Years from a Seedling Tree a Few Inches in Height. Peach Bottom
Lancaster County, 127

PLATE XXV. Character of Land in McElhattan Reserve, Clinton
County, Planted with Two Year Old Seedling White Pine Trees
Spring of 1911 by Students from the State Forest Academy, 131

PLATE XXVI. Planting Seedling White Pine Trees on Miller Farm,

Bear Meadows Division, Centre County Reserve, 137

PLATE XXVII. Character of Burned and Denuded Land Planted to

Seedling Forest Trees, Potter County Reserve 148

PLATE XXVIII. Characteristic Township Road Through the Bear

Meadows, Centre County Reserve, 155

PLATE XXIX. Second Growth White Oak near Spruce Gap. Roth-
rock Reserve. Trees Large Enough for First-Class Railroad Ties, . . 160

PLATE XXX. Fire Scarred Timber on the McElhattan Reserve,
Clinton County, Showing Type of Trees Which Should be Removed, 168

PLATE XXXI. The Dormitory, Pennsylvania State Forest Academy,

Mont Alto, Franklin County, 193

PLATE XXXII. Fire Lookout Station on Oak Knob, Near State
Forest Academy, Mont Alto Reserve, 205

■m^^wmi'

Oli'FlClAL DOCUMENT.

No. 26.

PENNSYLVANIA

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

OFFICIAL LIST.

THE STATE FORESTRY RESERVATION COMMISSION.

Robert S. Conklin, President, Columbia, Lancaster county.

J. T. Rothrock, M. D., Secretary, West Chester, Chester county.

Mira L. Dock, Harrisburg, Dauphin county.

S. B. Elliott, ReynoldsvillQ, Jefferson county.

J. Linn Harris, Bellefonte, Centre county.

OFFICE OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FORESTRY.

Commissioner of Forestry. Robert S. Conklin, Columbia, Lancaster county.
Deputy Commissioner of Forestry. Irvin C. Williams, Esq.. Royersford. Mont-
gomery county.
Clerk, A. Elwyn Strode, West Chester, Chester county.
Clerk, George W. Howard, Chester, Delaware county.

,\ •

OFFICIAL DOCUMENT.

No. 26.

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.

Hon. John K. Tener, Governor:

Sir: I have the honor to present herewith the report of the Depart-
ment of Forestry covering the years 1910 and 1911. I wish especially
to call your attention to the development work thus far accomplished
upon the State forest reserves, and to the financial report which, as
will be seen, covers all outlay made by the State in behalf of For-
estry, not only since the beginning of the Department in 1901, but
for eight years prior to that date, when the whole subject was in an
experimental stage. I would also call to your attention the fact that,
young and undeveloped as they are, the forest reserves are beginning
to return a revenue, increasing from year to year, and which should
grow very sensibly as the timber (m some of them comes nearer to

maturity.
I am, indeed,

Most respectfully yours.

EGBERT S. CGNKLIN,
Commissioner of Forestry.

Harrisburg, Pa., December 31, 1911.

(6)

(7)

OFFICIAL DOCUMENT.

No. 26.

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA,

REPOKT OF THE COMMISSIONER OP FORESTRY FOR THE

YEARS 1910-1911.

During the two year period for wliich this report is luade, the
forest reserves of the State have been increased by the additional
purchase of 50,221 acres, U6.3 perches. The additions durnig the
year 1910 amounting to 17,042 acres, 7.5 perches, are located in the
loUowing counties:

C?entre, —
Clearfield,
Clinton,
Franklin,

Huntingdon. -

Lycoming, .-

Mifflin --

Perry,

Pike,

Potter, —

Snyder, -- r

Union.

Total,

On January 1, 1911, the forest reserves of the State equaled 933,115

acres, 155.04 perches.

Purchases were continued during the year 1911, and additions to
the reserve were made equaling 33,179 acres, 138.8 perches, and are
distributed among the counties, as follows:

(d)

10

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

Bedford,

Cameron,

Centre

Clinton,

C*uniberland,

Franklin,

Huntingdon,

J.ackawaiina,

J>yeoniing,

Mifflin

Perry

Pike

138.8

The area of the forest reserves January 1, 1912, was 966,295 acres,
123.84 perches, and is located in tracts of greater or less size in
twenty-six different counties, as follows:

County.

Acres.

Perches .

Adams, -.
Bedford,
Cameron,
Centre, -.

Clearfield. ..

Clinton.

Cumberland,
Dauphin, — -
Elk -

Franklin, ...

Fulton,

Huntingdon.

Juniata,

Lackawanna ,
Lycoming, ..

MifBin

Monroe,

Perry

Pike

Potter, —

Snyder,

Somerset,

Tioga,

Union, —

Westmoreland,
Wyoming, .-.

Total,

12,792
10,017
78.939
79,318
47,723
128,085
3,320

3,353
16,819
40,212

6,189
54,740

3,199

3,r):«
80,843
52,839

6,246

26,. 580

55,229

120,922

17,850

3,467
56,336
52,i86

6,066

1,176

145.60

75

.%\54

73.90

74
128

97

116.50
26
49
1

67

63.35
lii3.80

51

90.25

26.90

70.60
IfiO

61

96.80
l.'ift.eo

29
144

966,29!>

123.84

During the i>eriod covered by this repoit, no new reserves have
been created. All the ])urchasf s liave been areas additional to exist-
ing reserves.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OP FORESTRY.

11

THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE FORESTEKS.

On September 1, 1910, eight new foresters were assigned to definite
stations and on September 1, 1911, six additional foresters received
Lir appointments. These young men comprised tl^e cU.^^^^^^
and 1911 from the Forest Academy, having completed their three
Cears' ourse. Under the terms of their contract with the Depart-
inent three years' additional service is required of them, their assign-
ments being made by the Commissioner of Forestry.

Following these assignments, the foresters in the employ ot the

Department were as follows: , . , ufoio

George H. Wirt entered the service of the Department as htate
Forester, April 1, 1901; assigned to Mont Alto reserve and l>egau
Mont Alto Forest Nursery, April 20, 1902; Director of the hta e
Forest Academy May 13, 1903; State Forest Inspector, May 16, IJIO,
stationed at the Department in Harrisburg. , ^t . i. o.

John E. Avery, Pike County Reserve, headquarters at Notch, as-
signed to duty September 1, 1906. ^ , ^ .

Ralph E. Brock, Mont Alto Nursery, Mont Alto, assigned to duty
September 1, 1906. Resigned March 1, 1911. „ ,. ^ ..

William L. Byers, assigned to Gi-eenwood Nursery, Huntingdon
county, September 1, 1906; transferred to Asaph Nursery, Tioga
( ounty, April 1, 1907 ; transferred to Bedford county reserve, August
19 1907; headquarters at Rainsburg.

Robert G. Conklin, September 1, 190(;, assigned to sui^eying corps
in Snyder county; transferred to Asaph Nursery, Tioga county, April
1 1907 • transferred to Caledonia reserve, December 16, 1907.
' William H. Kraft, September 1, 1906, assigned to surveying corps
•n Centre countv; transferred to Greenwood reserve and nursery,
Huntingdon county, April 1, 1907; died June 10, 1911; interment at
Prospect Hill cemetery, York, Pa., June 13, 1911.
Lewis E. Staley, Mont Alto reserve, assigned to duty September

1, 1906. ^ . ,

(The above foresters returned to and remained at the Academy

from January 9 to April 1, 1907).

B. F. Heintzleman, assigned to reserve in Trough Creek, Hunting-
don countv, September 1, 1907; resigned July 3, 1908, to continue
study in forestry at Yale Forest School. Now in Federal Forest

Service in Oregon.

James E. McNeal, assigned to reserve in northern Miffim county,
September 1, 1907 ; transferred to reserve in Centre county, September
1, 1909; in Division of Surveys at Harrisburg from January 1, 1910

la

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc

I

to July 15, 1910 ; granted temporary leave ot absence to enter Yale
Forest School July 15, 1910; re-entered active service June 15 1911,
and attached to the Division of Surveys; headquarters, Harrisburg

Paul H. Mulford, assigned to the nursery at Asaph, Tioga county,
September 1, 1907; headquarters at Asaph.

John L. Withcrow, assigned to the reserve in Western iranklin and

eastern Fulton counties and the southern portion of the Pennypacker

reserve in Perry county, September 1, 1907 ; transferred to the reserve

. in Juniata county, September 1, 1910 ; headquarters East Watertord.

Harold E. Bryner, assigned to Pennypacker reserve in Perry county

September 1, 1908; headquarters, New Germantown.

Tom O. Bietsch, assigned to the Rothrock reserve, Miffiin county,
September 1 190S; transferred to the Divisicm of Surveys in the De-
partment at^larrisburg, October 1, 1908; transferred to Mont Alto
and placed in charge of the forest nursery, February 20, 1911 ; head-
quarters, Mont Alto.

W. Gardiner Conklin, assigned to the reserve in Snyder county,
September 1, 1908 ; headquarters, Troxelville. . .

William F. Dague, assigned to the reserve in Clearfield county,
September 1, 1908; headquarters at Clearfield.

Forrest H. Dutlinger, assigned to the Hopkins reserve, Clinton
county, September 1, 1908 ; headquarters, Whetham, post office, Glen

Union.

Horace C. Evans, assigned to the forest reserve in northwestern
Lycoming county, September 1, 1908; headquarters, Waterville.

T. Boy Morton, assigned to forest reserve in central Huntingdon
county, September 1, 1908; headquarters, Petersburg.

A. C. Silvius, assigned to the forest reserve in southwestern Potter
county, June 1, 1909; headquarters at Austin.

Edwin A. Ziegler entered the service September 1, 1909, and as-
signed to the Mont Alto reserve; Director of the State Forest
Academy, succeeding George H. Wirt, May 16, 1910; headquarters
at the Forest Academy, Mont Alto.

John A. Bastian, assigned to forest reserve in eastern Lycoming
county, September 1, 1909; headquarters at Loyalsock.

Harry E. Elliott, assigned to forest reserve in southern Cameron
county, September 1, 1909 ; headquarters at Sinnemahoning.

R. Lynn Emerick, assigned to forest reserve in southeastern Potter
county, September 1, 1909, with headquarters at Crossfork.

W. Elmer Houpt, assigned to the Cumberland Division of the South
Mountain Reserve, September 1, 1909, with headquarters at Clevers-
burg, Cumberland county; post office, Shippensburg.

Carl L. Kirk, assigned to reserve in northwestern Clearfield county,
September 1, 1909 ; headquarters at Penfield.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

18

No. 26.

Homer S. Metzger, assigned to reserve in Centre, Union and Clinton
counties, September 1, 1909, with headquarters at Loganton, Clinton

""Tar^ry J. Mueller, assigned to forest reserve in central Union county,
September 1, 1909 ; headquarters at Hartleton.

George A. Retan, assigned to reserve in southern Tioga county,
September 1, 1909; temporary leave of absence granted to go to Ger-
many to continue studies in forestry, October 1, 1910; re-entered the
service April 1, 1911, and assigned to duty in Survey Division of Jie
Department; succeeded William H. Kraft as forester in northern
Huntingdon county reserve at Greenwood Nursery, June lo, 1911 ;
headquarters. Greenwood; post office, McAlevysfort, Huntingdon

county. r^ 4. i^

Alfred E. Rupp, assigned to reserve in southern Centre comity
September 1, 1909; transferred to reserve in western Franklin and
eastern Fulton counties, September 1, 1910; headquarters at Fort

Loudon, Franklin county.

John L. Strobeck, assigned to reserve in southern Pike and northern
Monroe counties, September 1, 1909; headquarters, Cresco, Monroe

county.

John W. Seltzer, assigned to reserve in southeastern Centre county,

September 1, 1909 ; headquarters at Coburn, Centre county.

Harry A. Thomson, assigned to the Hopkins reserve, Clinton county,
September 1, 1909 ; headquarters at Westport, Clinton county.

John R. Williams, assigned to Westmoreland-Somerset reserve,
September 1, 1909; headquarters. Rector, Westmoreland county.

Alfred W. Bodine, assigned to the Rothrock reserve, Juniata couniy,
September 1, 1910; headquarters at Newton Hamilton, Miffiin county.

A. O. Vorse was assigned to that portion of the Clearfield county
reserve in the neighborhood of Karthaus, July 1, 1910, and later
transferred to a surveying corps in Huntingdon county. Resigned
November 19, 1910. Was graduated from the Yale Forest School in

the spring of 1910.

Frank D. Jerald, assigned to reserve in western Lycoming county,
September 1, 1910; headquarters at Slate Run.

John W. Keller, assigned to reserve in southern Tioga county. Sep-
tember 1, 1910; headquarters at Blackwells; post office, Lloyd, Tioga

county.
Walter D. Ludwig, assigned to reserve in southern Centre county,

September 1, 1910 ; headquarters at Boalsburg.

Clement C. Miner, assigned to reserve in eastern Tioga county,
September 1, 1910 ; headquarters at Little Marsh.

H. Lawrence Vail, assigned to reserve in eastern Potter county,.
September 1, 1910; headquarters at Conrad, Potter county.

D. Kerr Warfleld, assigned to reserve in northern Mifflin county,
September 1, 1910 ; headquarters at Milroy.

14

REPORT OP THE

Off. Doc.

Kaymond B. Winter, assigned to reserve in central Union county,
September 1, 1910 ; headquarters at Forest House ; post office, Miffiin-
burg.

P. Hartman Fox, assigned to Survey Division of the Department,
September 1, 1911, at Harrisburg, later to be placed in charge of a
reserve.

John L. MacAvoy, assigned to special forest studies on the Penny-
packer reserve. Perry county, with headquarters at New Germantown,
later to be assigned to a forest reserve.

Nelson K. McNaugliton. assigned to forest reserve in northeastern
Clearfield county, September 1, 1911 ; headquarters at Karthaus.

Walter M. Mumma, assigned to reserve in northern Clinton county,
September 1, 1911; headquarters at Hammersleyfork.

Edgar H. Smith, assigned to the Survey Division of the Department
at Harrisburg, September 1, 1911, later to be placed in charge of a
reserve.

Arthur B. Wells, assigned to reserve in northwestern Lycoming
county, September 1, 1911 ; headquarters at Fields Station.

Of the foresters above named, all received their training at the
Pennsylvania State Forest Academy at Mont Alto with the exception
of George H. Wirt, who was graduated from the Biltmore Forest
School February 14, 1901; Edwin A. Ziegler, who was trained at the
Yale Forest School and in the U. S. Forest Service; A. C. Silvius,
who was graduated from the Biltmore Forest School, March 25, 1909;
and A. O. Vorse.

In addition to the above, the following gentlemen, both graduate
foresters, were assigned as instructors in the State Forest Academy
at Mont Alto: I. T. Worthley, a graduate of the first Cornell School
of Forestry and a student at the Harvard School of Forestiy ; Joseph
S. Illick, a graduate of the Biltmore School of Forestry.

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THE PENNSYLVANIA FOREST HANGERS.

A forest ranger is an officer appointed mainly for protective service,
but charged with the duty of performing any work which may be
assigned him by his forester in charge. In many instances the ap-
pointment of rangers precedes that of foresters. Thev are usuallv
chosen from the neighborhood of the region where the reserves lie
and upon which they are to be employed, because of their knowledge

p

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m^Mi: >'

■•y"4

14

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

liayniond H. Winter, assigned to reserve in central Union county,
September 1, 1910; headquarters at Forest House; post office, Miffiiu-
burg.

P. Hartniaii Fox, assigned to Survey Division of the Department,
September 1, 1911, at Harrisbui-g, later to [)e placed in charge of a
reserve.

.John L. MacAvoy, assigned to s])ecial I'orest studies cm (he Penny-
]»a(ker reserve, Perry county, with headqnai-ters at New < Jeiinantown,
h:ter to be assigned In a lorcsl leserve.

Nelson 1{. McXanghton. assigned !<» forest rcseive in northeastern
('learli<*id connty, September 1, 1911: headcpuirters at Karthaus.

Walter M. Mnmma, assigned to reserve in northern Clinton county,
Septembei* 1, 1911 ; headquarters at Ilammersleyroik.

I'^dgar II. Smith, assigned to the Survey Division of the Depaitment
al llanisburg, Sepleml>er J, 1911, later to be placed in charge of a
ics! rve.

Ai'lhni* l». Wells, assigned to reserve in nortlnvestern Lycoming
connly, Septend)er 1, 1911 ; head(juarters at Fields Station.

Of the foresters above named, all received theii* training at the
Pennsylvania State Forest Academy at Mont Alto with Ihe except iim
of George 11. Wirt, who was graduated from the JMltmore Forest
School February 14, P.MIl ; ICdwin A. ZiegkM-. wh() was tfaincnl at the
Vale Forest School au<l in the F. S. Forest Service; A. C. Silvius,
who was graduated froni the lliltmoie Forest Schocd, March 25, 1909;
and A. (). N'orse.

In addition to the above, the following gentlemen, both graduate
foresters, were assigned as insti-uctors in i\w State Forest Academy
a.t Mont Alto: I. T. Wortliley, a graduate of the first f'orm^ll School
of Fcnestry and a student at the Flarvard Scho(d of Forestry; .Joseph
S. Illick, a graduate of the J^iltunu'e S<-hool of Forest rv.

THE PFNNSVIA'ANIA F()K»FST l^ANfJEJJS.

A forest ranger is an officer appointed mainly for protective service,
hut charged with the duty of f>erforming any work which may be
assigned him by his forester in charge. Tn many instances the ap-
pointment of rangers precedes that of foresters. Thev are usually
chosen from the nei{;hl)orhood of tho logion wliero tlie rosprvps lie
and upon which they are to be eniplojed, because of tlieir Isnowledge

*

i

I

INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

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No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

IS

of the forest and of the people within the neighborhood wherein they
are to work. They must be men of good moral character and stand-
ing in the community, not over forty-five years of age at the time of
appointment, and give their whole time to the service of the State.
In addition to the protective service they render, they must be able to
handle crews of working men and do such work as simple improve-
ment cutting, road building, and road repairing ; marking and cutting
of trails and fire lines, and capable of doing an honest day's work
without being watched.

The number of forest rangers in the employ of the State on January
1, 1912, was ninety, and distributed upon the reserves among twenty-
six counties, as follows:

Reserve.

Bedford county,
Caledonia,

Name of Ranger.

Cameron county.

Centre county,

Clearfield county,
Clinton county, _

Dauphin county,

Franklin-Fulton counties,.

Greenwood, _.

Hopkins,

Huntingdon county,

Juniata county,

Lackawanna county, ..'".
Lycoming county, _..

McCIure,

Mifflin county.

J. H. Sparks,

B. F. Hassler,

Jas. E. Carbau^'h,

C. B. Lerew,

Joseph O. Boggs,
Harry B. Perry,
Wm. G. Taylor,
F. X. Drachbar
James Winters,
R. M. Crum,
L. C. Wykoff,

Joseph Kissel,

M. N. U. L. Brooks.
Wm. F. McKinney, ...

David Libby,

Robert Reitz, ...

W. H. Harpster.

Howard E. Wells

John Nelson, _

Frank Johnston,

A. M. Wilson, _

Adam Kamp, _

W. S. McCoy, ..

Fred P. Miller,

Conrad Orth, _

J. V. Carlin

Harry A, Reitz,

G. Edw. Ross,

James H. Howard. ..

John Monsell, _.

Frank A. Gibboney, ..

A. L. Shoemaker,

Geo. W. Armstrong. .
Howard P. Seese.

William O. Huff,

John Liggett,

S. H. Lightner,

G. C. Deter,

John M. Stever. .

J. w. Amig, :::

W. L. Kauffman.

G. C. Spiegel.

S. H. Lebo

O. M. Campbeii.

Geo. M, Lipp, _

G. H. PIdcoe,

M. E. Westcott,

L. T. Newman, .. .

s. L. Mull, _ ;.;

Joseph Manley, ...

G. Frank Mohler. . ...

William Wirth,

H. J. Dean, _

T. L. Swartzell,

Forester.

58
74
20
88
73
77
34
68
116
114
44
75
39
79
118
45
69
48
67

"82'
91
23
5
25
22
87
18
17
41

^

60

96
115

12

89

46
137

83

63
133
134

59

72

76

Wm. L.
Robert G
Robert G.
Robert G.
Robert G.
Robert G.
W. Elmer
W. Elmer
W. Ehner
Harry E.
Harry E.
Harry E.

Byers.
. Couklin,
. Conklln.
, Conklin.
. Conklin.

Conklin.

Houpt.

Houpt.

Houpt.

Elliott.

Elliott.

Elliott.

John W. Seltzer.
John W. Seltzer.
Walter I). Ludwig.
Waiter D. Ludwig.

Wm. F. Dague.
Carl L. Kirk.
F. H. Dutlinger.
F. H. Dutlinger.
Walter M, Mumma.

Alfred^E. Rupp.
Alfred E. Rupp.
Geo. A. Retan.
Geo. A. Retan.
Geo. A. Retan.
Geo. A. Retan.
Harry A. Thomson.
Hurry A. Thomson.
Harry A. Tliomson.
Harry A. Thomson.
Harry A. Thomson.
T. Roy Morton.
T. Roy Morton.

H. C. Evans.
H. C. Evans.
H. C. Evans.
John A. Bastian.
.Fohn A. Bastian.
F. D. Jerald.
A. B. Wells.

J. L. Witherow.

D. Kerr Warfleld.

D. Kerr Warfleld.

D. Kerr Warfleld.

Xo. 2f).

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

15

of the forest and of the people within the neighborhood wherein they
are to work. They must be men of good moral character and stand-
ing in the commnnity, not over forty-five years of age at tlie time of
appointment, and give their whole time to the service of the State.
In addition to the protective service they render, they must be able to
handle crews of working men and do such work as simple improve-
ment cutting, road building, and road repairing; marking and cutting
of trails and fire lines, and capable of doing an Inmest day's work
without being watched.

The number of forest rangers in tlie employ of the Stale on .January
1, 1912, was ninety, and distributed uj)on the reserves among twentv-
six counties, as follows:

Reserve.

Name of Ranger.

BadgQ
I Number.

Forester.

Ik'dford county,

Caledonia, _

Cameron county,

Trntro county,

CFearfloId oounty,

Clintfin county, _

Daupliin county,
Franklin Fulton counties..

Greenwood,

Hopkins,

Huntingdon county,

•Mmlata coimty.

T.ackauanna county,
r.ycomlng county, ...

McClure,

Mlllin county.

J. H. Sparks,

B. F. Hassler,

Jas. K. Carbaui^li.

C. n. Lerew, _

Joscpli O. Boggs, . _

Harry B. Perry.

Wm. G. Taylor. ...

F, X. Draclibar,

.Fames Winters

R. M. Crum,

I I-. C. WykofT, -

I Joseph Kissel,

I M. N. U. L. Brooks

Wm. F. McKiiuicy. .

David l.ihby, . . ..

Robert Reitz,

W. H. Harpstcr, ...

Howard i:. Welis. ...

John Nelson, _.

Frank Johnston. ...

A. M. Wil.^on,

Adam Kamp, _..

W. S. McCoy,

Fred P. Miller,

Conrad Orth

J. v. Carhn, _

Harry A. Reitz,

G. K<hv. Ross,

James n. Howard.
John Monsrll, ^^

Frank A. Gibboncy.
A, L. Shoemaker, ..
Geo. W. Armstr«ng,
Howard P. Seese

William C. HuiY. ....

Joiin Liggett,

S. H. I.ightner. ....

G. C. Deter, ..

Jolin M. Stever. ..

J. W. Amig, _.

W. [.. KautTmaii. ...

G. C. Spiegel,

S n. r.obo, _

G. M. ( ampbe.l.

(ieo. M. I.ipp.

G. H. Pidcoe. ..

M. K. Westcott

L. T, Newman. ..

S. T.. Mull, '„.

Jo.seph Manley.
G. Frank Mohler.
Willijim Wirtli,

H. J. Dean.

T. r>. Swartzell. ..

36
21

29
78
24
121
oO
10

58
74
20
88 I
73 i
77
.'^4
G8

116 I

J14

44 I
75 I
39 I
79 !

118 i

45 !
69 '
481

67 i

I

"82*1
91 I
23 I
5 I
25
22 !
871
18 I
17
41

a?

60

95

116

12
89
46

i;'.7

83

(iii
133
U4

r>9

72
76

Wuj. I.. Byers.
Robert G. ConkJiu,
R»»beit G. Conklin.
Robert G. ("onklin.
Robert (J. Conklin.
R ibert <;. Conklin.
W . KImer Houpt.
W. IMnier Houpt.
W. IMmer Houpt.
Harry K. Klliott.
Harry K. Flliott.
Harry K. Klliott.

John W. Seltzer.
John W . S<!ltzer.
Waller I), i.udwig.
Walter D. F.udwig.

Wm. F. Daguc.
Carl L. Kirk.
F. II. Dutlinuer,
F. H. Diitlingcr.
Walter M. Munnna.

Alfred i
.\ If red 1
Geo. A
Geo. A
Geo. A
Geo. A
Harry .
Harry .
Harry .
Harry .
Harry .
T. R(.v
'I'. lioy

. Rupp.
. Rupp.

Retan.

Ret an.

Retan.

Retan.
. Thomson,
. Tiioiiison.
. Thomson.
. Thomson.
. Thomson.
Mfuton.
Morton.

H. C.
H. C.

11. ( .
Joiiii
John
I'. I).
A. B.

Kxans.

Fvans.

I'vans.
A. Bastian.
A. Bastian.

J. "raid.

Wells.

J. r.. Witherow.

D. Korr Warfleld,

D Kerr Warfleld.

n. Kerr Warfleld.

■-^^-rii^-

INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

16

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc,

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

17

f

R«serT«.

Name of Ranger.

Badgo
Number.

Mont Alto,

Monroe county,
Pennypacker, --

Pike county, -.
Potter county,

Rotlirock;

Snyder county,

Stone,

Stuart. -

Tioga county.
Union county,

David Knepper, -- •

Jolin Brieker,

John S. Shaffer, -- —

Harry L. Thomas,

Harry W. Staley,

Stewart Albert, - ---

Martin Oortriglit,

Herman N. Hart,

F. P. Sundy, _ --

Leroy Koontz, _ -- -

D. K. Meredith, --

Ferdinand Frank, _

Edgar Wilson, _'_.---

E. T. Riviere, -- -

J. H. Green,

Milton Keeney, _. --

A. A. Bennett, -- - - —

M. A, Fourness,

Wesley Hackett, —

Herman A. Oppel, --

Thos. J. Temple, - -

Eli Stayrook, ---

Jas. Middleswartli,

Chas. J. Middleswarth,

Wm. H. Ettlnger, .- ■

E. N. Jenckes, _-. •

Henry C. Cox, _

Oran Snyder, - —

Wilson R. Bamdt,

Robert Thompson, __

Robert Schwab,

Harry H. Kiel, -

D. R. Harbeson, -

Carl Motz, —

Chas. L. Braucher, —

H. M. Jameson, _

Forester.

11
43
66
65
144
71
70
27
42
80
81
53
47
86
84
120
32
85
135
90
98
19
40
93
92
97
7
119
136
122
123

HZ
26

142
48

140

Lewis

Lewis

Lewis

Lewis

Lewis

John

John

H. E

H. E

H. E

H. E

John

John

E. Staley.
E. Staley.
E. Staley.
E. Staley.
E. Staley.
L. Strobeck.
L. Strobeck.

Bryner.
! Bryner.
. Bryner.
. Bryner.
E. Avery.
E. Avery.

R. Lynn Emerick.
R. Lynn Emercik.
H. L. Vail.
A. C. Silvius.
A. 0. Silvius.
A. W. Bodine.
A. W. Bodine.
A. W Bodine.
W. Gard. Conklin.
W. Gard. Conklin.
W. Gard. Conklin.
Paul H. Mulford.
Paul H. Mulford.
John R. Williams.
John R. Williams.
John W. Kdler.
John W. Keller.
Homer S. Metzger.
Homer S. Metzger.
Harry J. Mueller.
Harry J. Mueller.

It is hoped in the no distant future to be able to bring the rangers
together for such elementary instruction in forestry as will be most
useful to them in their work. If sufficient funds to do this work be
l>rovided, it may be attempted either at the Forest Academy at Mont
Alto, if suitable quarters may be found there, or they may be brought
together in smaller groups at other convenient places in the State. It
is hoped that the Legislature of 1913 will provide the means, because
it w ill produce a body of men who will be more closely allied to the
interests of the Commonwealth and better able to understand the
])roblem with which they come in contact. Jt is theoretically true
that an officer who thoroughly comprehends the meaning of his work
is capable of producing more intelligent and satisfactory results than
if that work be performed only under the constant direction of a
superior officer.

The funds furnished the Department have not been sufficient to
enable it to pay the expenses of the rangers for attending the annual
foresters^ conventions; but a number of them are so interested that
they gladly volunteer to bear their own expenses in order to be
]>resent at these meetings, to learn more of their work, thus doing at
their ow^n expense what in all fairness the Department ought to be
able to do for them.

FOKESTRY COMMUNITIES.

The purchase by the State of extended areas of land to be held and
managed as forest reserves, requires a large force of foresters and
rangers to care properly for these lands. One of the serious problems
which a forester or ranger must meet in his capacity as a State
officer is the isolation necessary in order that he may be located at a
proper place and exercise the duties of his office to the best advantage.
The Department is, therefore, brought face to face with the problem
of relieving as far as possible, the isolation of its employes and the
deprivation which heretofore they have necessarily suffered respecting
facilities relating to schools, churches, family supplies, and commu-
nication with the outlying world such as other citizens of our State
almost uniformly enjoy. It is the expectation of the Department
to formulate plans so that where a number of reserves lie contiguous
to each other, the foresters, rangers, and other employes and their
families may be grouped in convenient places, forming small settle-
ments of State employes within the reserves. By these means the fa-
cilities above mentioned may more readily be enjoyed and the isolation
incident to families living alonein widely separated regions would
be largely removed.

In order that the employes of the Department may exercise their
offices to the best advantage and give the State the best service, it
is imperative that they have good homes in which to live and good
roads to enable them to move about rapidly through the reserves.
P>oth these are gradually coming. During the period covered by this
report a double cottage has been built for foresters at Mont Alto, a
house has been built for the fon^ster ,near Eastville, a ranger's house
at Tea Spring, a ranger's house in Clearfield county, and i)lans are
at present under way for the construction of suitable houses on the
reserves in Clearfield and Monroe counties. Other new buildings
were erected, as reported elsewhere, and numerous repairs given to
Old buildings which sooner or later must be replaced by new and
niodern structures.

The problem, therefore, of concentrating our reserve forces into
small reserve communities, while not completely worked out, is one
to which the Department will give increasing attention. No branch
of the Government should expect its employes to perform their duties
inider the conditions attached to employes of this Department, to

2— 2G— 1911

18

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

work for the small salaries which we are enabled to pay them, and
at the same time be deprived of those advantages and the satisfac-
tion of life which other citizens of the State continuously enjoy.

FOREST FIRES ON STATE LANDS.

The statistics found at the end of this volume relate to all fires
about which the Department has been able to collect data, and include
figures relating to private as well as to State lands.

A number of the fires reported below were severe and destroyed
good timber, but by far the larger i)ercentage of them occurred on
cutover and brush lands at considerable distances from reserve head-
quarters. The resulting damage, omitting that to the humus, was
to a large extent of a trifling character, slashings and brush and other
debris for the most part being consumed. The distance from the for-
esters' stations contributed, in a large part to the increased area
burned because of the difficulty and time required to get a fighting
force upon the ground.

Fires on State land during the year 1910, were reported by for-
esters, as follows:

Reserve.

Forester.

Pike. _ — - Avery

Lycoming, _ Bastlau, — .

Miflflin-Huntinprdon, ._ __ Bodinc, ...

Bedford, _ ___ _._ Byers,

Snyder, Conkllii, \V

Clparfleld, Dague.

Clinton, _ Dutiinpcr. .

Cameron, _ Eliiott

Potter, _ Emeri(k, ._

Tioga, ._ _ Keller

Greenwood, _ _ Kraft,

Centre, _._ .__ ._ i Rupp,

Union-Clinton | Metzger. ..

Tioga,
Huntingdon,

Stone

Centre,

Potter,

Mont Alto, .

Monroe,

Mifflin,

Stuart

Total,

Miner,
Morton .
Mulfor<i.
Seltzer, .
Silvius, -.
Staley, ..
Strobec;-,
Wnrfipld.
Wiiliams.

O,

Acres

Burned.

i

400

2()0
3,500
1,500

400
4,800
1,795
3,600

200
4

410
3,200

200
3,000
1,545
4,840

826

126
3

360
40

30, 348 J

Nineteen-eleven was a peculiar forest fire year by reason of the
great drought which prevailed throughout the State during the month

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

19

of May, and just at a time when the woods were in the very worst
condition for destructive burning. Little or no rain fell in the State
after the last week in April until the close of the tirst week in June.
^i1ie forests during this period were not yet in leaf and rapidly dried
out to a condition where the smallest spark would slart an immense
conflagration.

For 1911 all fires repoited by foresters are set forth in the follow-

ing table

Pike,

Lycoming

Caledonia

Clearfield.

Clinton,

Cameron,

Potter,

Lycoming,

Lycominif,

Tioga, _..

Clearfield,

Union-Cliiit;)n,

Tioga,

Huntingci -ii,

Union.

Stone,

Clinton,

Greenwood,

Franklin-j uiton,

Centre,

Potter. -

Mont Alto,
Monroe,
Hopkins
Potter, .....

Mifflin, .

Lycoming,

Stuart,

Union,

Total,

The Dej.artinent is helpless in the face of great droughts Watch-
inliiess, great care, and a large number of forest guards are the
only solution at such times. Fires must be reduced in area as well
i.s in destructiveness. The "why" of the situation has been known
for years but the "wherefore" has been wanting.

MUNICIPAL FOKESTS.

The Legislature of this State in 1009, passed what is probably th-
hrst law in the United States giving legislative authority to munici'".
pa ities to establish local forests somewhat after the plan of those so
well known in Europe. It is hoped that some of the cities and towns

20

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

of the State may be ready to avail themselves of the privilege of
buying nearby mountain land or using such as may now lie within
their corporate limits, for the purpose of growing trees thereon,
ultimately to profit by the revenue derived from such forest. So
far as is known at this time no Pennsylvania municipality has taken
jidvantage of this act, nor are there any ''municipal forests," strictly
so called, in the State at this time.

The city of San Diego in California, however, is wiser than the
J'ennsylvania cities, and has lately set aside as a municipal forest an
iirea of nearly 7,000 acres of land in a compact body, lying adjacent
to the city, and which it proposes to use for the purpose of tree grow-
ing on those parts unsuited for the raising of any other crop, and
lor agricultural purposes all those portions which may l^ used
for agriculture. It is the- intention to improve the entire tract, and
this is being done at the rate of about 250 acres per year. Young
forest trees are being planted, and it is hoped that ultimately at
least 2,000 acres of the land will be put into permanent forest. The
remaining 5,000 acres will be devoted to agricultural purposes under
Ihe direction and management of the city. Here also is a new thought
for a city to leasi' land to its citizens for agriculture.

It is further the purpose of San Diego to establish a forest tree
nursery at some suitable place on this tract for the growing of seed-
ling trees to sell to farmers and land owners throughout southern
California for the establishment of woodlots. The aim is to grow
a million seeding trees each year.

It is further the plan of Mr. Watson, the forester in charge, to
bring seeds from various parts of the United States and probably
foreign countries, and test out their growth in California, thus
learning their comparative value for use as new species of trees
in growing California's future forests. Principally at this time they
are concerning themselves with the eucalyptus, but other species will
be needed for the more elevated and colder portions of the tract.

In this municipal plan of San Diego there is certainly rich food
lor thought on the part of Pennsylvania. Thousands of acres of
njountainous land, more or less barren, are lying adjacent to many
of our interior towns and cities, unprotected and unprofitable. How
much better would it be were the city, acting under the authority
conferred by the above law, to purchase some of this land, which
usually may be had at a very small price per acre, and seriously
begin the growth and cultivation of forests. Here would be the
means of giving employment at fair wages to many persons residing
in the city, and create a much more healthful environment for the
people; would afford them large free outing and camping grounds*
would increase the abundance of the water supply in the locality;

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

21

nfford cover for fish and game; act as a barrier to strong prevailing
winds; and last bnt not least, after a suitable time has elapsed,
furnish a continuing revenue to the city for municipal purposes.

Pennsylvania is not without illustrations as to what the ownership
of public utilities by municipalities may acccmiplish. Witness
tlie case of the borough of Pine Grove in Schuylkill county, owning
and controlling her ow^n water supply, and then contemplate what
she has accomplished for herself and her citizens as a body compared
with what would otherwise have been accomplished had this venture
been permitted to drift into the hands of a private water company.
What is true of water is likewise true of woods, with this difference,
I hat in the case of the forest a longer time for maturing necessarily
must be permitted to elapse. The derivation of revenue is postponed,
Imt, with proper management, is just as certain.

LEHIGH UNIVERSITY SCHOLARSHIPS.

At the annual conference of the Pennsylvania State Foresters held
in Harrisburg during the first w^eek in March, 1911, Dr. Henry S.
Drinker, President of Lehigh University, in addressing the foresters,
stated that because of the large and active interest held by the Uni-
versity in the work of forest restoration and preservation, and of
the fact that at a time in the history of the University when it was
in need of assistance the State came to the rescue of the institution,
thus enabling it to surmount most serious difficulties then confront-
ing it, a sense of grateful recognition of the work being done by the
Department of Forestry in behalf of the Commonwealth induced
the trustees of the University to offer to the graduates of the Mont
Alto Forest Academy further opportunities for increasing their
knowledge in forest engineering or allied subjects, and hoped that
liie students of the Academy on leaving that institution might at
some time see fit to avail themselves of the privileges which the Uni-
\ersity thus determined to be put at their disposal.

Dr. Drinker subsequently confirmed his oral statement before the
meeting by the following letter:

"Lehigh University.

South Bethlehem, Pa., March 2, 1911.
"To the State Forestry Reservation Commission.

"Pursuant to our conference to-day, I beg to emi)hasize the expres-
SKU of aciiv deep interest taken by Lehijrh University in the pro-
motnm of forestry in our State and countrv, and to sav that Lehifrh
will be only too willing to add to the admirable work 'that is being

' i

22

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

f

(Jone ill Forestry ediuatioii and training at the State Forestry
Academy at Mont Alto by offering scholarships for free tuition at
I^ehigh to your graduates for special advanced work in subjects

taught at Lehigh but which may not be embraced in the courses of
forestry training proj)er at Mont AUo, and bj^ which such training

can be supplemented.

''In doing this, J^ehigh University will feel that the University is
only taking advantage of an opportunity to express and to practically
show the abiding sense of ai)})reciation and gratitude that every
J^ehigh man feels to tlie State of Pennsylvania for the vitally import-
ant aid the State gave to Lehigh, (an institution founded by Asa
Packer, a Pennsylvanian, for the benifit of his native State), when
the State, over a decade ago, came forward with generous and timely
financial help that enabled Lehigh University to tide over and leave
far behind the days of her then serious financial depression and
hour of need.

"Sincerely,
(Signed) HENRY S. DRINKER,
President of Lehigh University."

The Department of Forestry, in grateful acknowledgment to the
President and Trustees of Lehigh University, accepts the offer on
behalf of its students and foresters, and will place at their disposal
every available facility that they may further pursue their studies in
accordance with the above described liberal offer of free scholarships.
The Department will undertake to see that the foresters from the
Mont Alto Academy who may be able to avail themselves of this lib-
eral offer and most excellent opportunity to improve their knowledge
in forest engineering, shall have the privilege of accepting the offer.

It is needless to say that the proposition of Dr. Drinker was met
by the foresters and their friends with great applause, and a fitting
resolution was adopted at the time expressing to the University and
to its President the sense of deep obligation felt by every Pt^nnsyl-
vania forester and by all the oflficers and members of the Department
and the Forestry- Commission.

LEGAL AFFAIRS.

In addition to the C(mtracts and leases into which the Department
entei-ed during the period covered by this report, and mentioned
elsewhere, it occasionally became necessary to proceed against persons
v.ho either mistakenly or willfully, usually mistakenly, cut timber
on State lands. In each instance a fair value was placed on the timber
and the j)ers(ms who did the cutting in every case responded promptly

No. 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. 23

when called upon to make settlement. The cases were few where
ir became necessary to proceed after this fashion, and were as fol-
lows:

1910, May 12, G. W. Reed, Mifflin county reserve, .... $4 00

1911, March 7, A. C. Gee, Tioga county reserve, 9 00

1911, March 31, Leetonia Railroad Co., 75 oo

1911, May 10, W. H. Rotteiger, Snyder county reserve,. . 49 02
1911, November 9, H. E. Walker & Rro., Huntingdon

^•^"iitv, 3 00

'^^^^^^ 1140 02

Where it was possible to follow up forest tires on State lands
with competent evidence, tracing the origin of the tire to its source,
a demand was made for settlement in partial repair of the damage
done. Numerous tires on State land were of such a character that
ordinarily is was not possible to procure legal evidence. The Depart-
ment did not deem it advisable to begin prosecution unless such evi-
dence were in hand as would lead one naturally to think that con-
viction should follow. Until we can have a closer patrol, it is evident
that many such tires must take place for which no satisfaction either
in criminal prosecution or monetary settlement may be bad. Dur-
ing the period covered by this report the Department was able to
procure the necessary evidence and satisfactory settlements were
effected in the following cases:

1910, June 1, J. J. Kelly, Potter county reserve. Col-
lected by Forester A. C. Silvius, $5 oO

1910, June 7, N. Y. C. & H. R. R., fire on Clinton

county reserve, 2,500 00

On April 4, 1910, Forester A. C. Silvius at Austin, Potter county
caused the arrest of one Joe Moyer, who the previous day had started
i^ tire on land belonging to uie Rayless Pulp and Paper Co., and
which in a few hours swept the adjoining hillsides until subdued
by rain. The arrest of Moyer promptly followed, a hearing was had
before the Justice, the evidence was conclusive, and the defendant
^^as bound over for the next term of court. Later the defendant
pleaded guilty and in default of bail remained in jail for some time
before sentence. Later the court, after inquiring into the man's
mental condition, decided that the ends of justice could probably
best be met by suspending sentence, which accordingly was done

24

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

FOREST TAXATION.

The problem of a lightened burden of taxation for forest lands
seems to be at present no nearer solution than it was six years ago
when the Department originated the idea and formulated the plans
for the establishment of auxiliary forest reserves. Hills have been
introduced into three successive legislatures intended to establish
such auxiliary reserves and providing for a lessened burden of taxa-
tion upon them. At each session the bills have been defeated, we
believe largely because the legislators did not thoroughly under-
stand the plan of having such reserves, and that a feeling existed
that communities would be deprived of the benefit of taxation which
they are now enjoying. However, at each legislature the bills seemed
to meet with favor more and more, and were defeated at the last
session only by the narrowest margin. The Department believes
that the theory of auxiliary forest reserves as proposed by these bills,
is correct, and that under our present constitution it is the only
method by means of which a lessened burden of taxation may be
levied upon lands producing no revenue and from which it is impos-
sible to derive revenue for a number of years to come. The principle
of a reduced taxation upon non-revenue-producing lands, we believe,
is likewise sound, and must ultimately be recognized by our law-
making body as needed by the people of Pennsylvania if they be
expected to exert themselves to any greater degree in the matter
of private forest restoration and protection.

A careful study of the bills above mentioned is commended to all,
and it is hoped that the next legislature will give the subject more
thorough study and consideration than it has ever done heretofore.

DEPARTMENT LEASES.

The Federal Refractories Company.

During the two years covered by this report the revenue from the
above lease is as below. During the period the Company removed
and paid for 9,878 feet of timber at |2.00 per thousand, a total of
?19.76. This timber was destroyed in the process of removing rock

'J.

J

No. 2Q.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

25

and largely consisted of such material as would not produce good
forest stand. With the removal of the rock the regeneration of the
trees is much better than the original, and the healthy young growth
is rapidly covering up the places where operations have been con-
t!ucted.

Revenues for 1910.

January, 821-87/50

February, 1905-6/7

^^iiii*<^Ii, 2589-541/1120

April, 2829 89/56

^^y, 1452-149/448

•^une, 1980-2/7

*fuly, 1918-8/16

August, 2184

September, 2160-891/2240

October, 2228-5/112

November, 1925-15/2240

December, 1897-17/56

Total,

:)ns

m H^

pel

' ton.

|45 19

a

u

«

104 82

a

a

a

142 42

ii

a

u

128 14

a

u

u

79 88

a

u

u

108 92

a

u

u

105 50

u

a

((

120 12

a

a

u

118 81

a

u

a

122 54

a

i(

ii

. 105 S8

ti

u

u

76 85

,259 07

Revenues for 1911.

January, 1167-189/224 tons

P'ebruary, 1895-31/224

March, 1925-431/448

April, 1764

May, 1484-500/2240

'■une, 1468-5/2240

-'uly, 1641-5/16

August, 200-171/224

September, 1535-13/14

October, 1687-185/224

November, 1603-75/112

December, . . . , 1216-213/224

Wood removed.

a
ii
it
a

it

(t

a

ii

u

u

n

SJc per ton.

a
u
it
. it
it
tt
it
it
it
ti
it

a
ii
a
a
a
it

tt

tt

it

tt

tt

$64 23

76 73

105 98

97 02

81 63

80 74

90 27

11 04

84 48

90 08

88 20

66 93

19 76

Total,

?957 09

Total for two years, «o oiq ng

2« REPORT OP THE Qff. Doc.

The value to the Commonwealth of this lease is shown bv the
lollowmg statement of accom.t as of Deceniher ;{], 1911 '

To purchase price of laud, 1,087 acres, 69

perches, at 2.75 per acre j.„

Interest on the purchase pric^' 'to 'date 'at ^'^^^ ^*

2 per cent

Fixed charges for ioad' au'd s'.-ho'ol ' pu'r,,o,;;s ''^'^ ^'^

to (late,

347 95

Total,

Royalties received, previously reporled;;;;.'. |4 18- o, *'^''' ''
Royalties received fro,n sale of rock fV r Ihe
years UllO-lJ

Timber sold during 191] ^'^'^^ "^^

^ ' 19 76

Total, ...

16,398 39

Total receipts to dat(i

Total expenditures to dale *^'''^^^ ^^

3,932 14

Excess of receipts over expenditures ""r^ZT^

llie ahove statement shows th-if tho r^
<t>e cost <.f the land leased \nd. 1 <-"""""n"«a"I' I'as recovered
interest, aud in add t'on hl^ e.xpend.tures u.ade upon it, plus
.^^ \. . t^uuiuon Has received an excp^v nf «{'> tpp *^-

leturn of 1C2.7 per cent, on the investment. *-'-^C6.2.,, or a

THE BUFFALO . SUSQUKHANXA RAILWAY LKASE.

This lease was executed Februarv 21 1009 w • ,

!o the Buffalo & Susquehanna i "fiw y f^m n,' 'Tnd "'-f '^■"'"
It IS required that if the Company shall ,1 V , '*' ''™^'

due within thirty days after the exp^rato .? -^ ""'" " '""'''"'•^
"'ent may at its option decla.eTlHfl u""'^ ^""'' "''^ ""I'''"'*-

of violation of its terms FoTth ' " ' "°*^ ""''^ "^ ••^«««'^

the Company reporte f ,.»: , /S; ™<l-g F„,.„,,., ,, ^^^

contract price of 2 cents per tl y iided ic'oJ "p't: "'^^^^ ^* ^'^^
February 21, 191], no staten.en "^r 0—/ f ^' -''''"" •^'"""«
«nd accordingly, at a regular meeZVof ZVl '7"''' """'' "'•''*''^'
tion Con,misslon h.ld August 4")?,, 'f ' ^"'"'•^''•y J^*^««'-^"-

"gust 4, Un, by resolution duly adopted

t'

l('

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

27

the Department rescinded the lease, declaring it void and forfeited
by reason of failure on the part of lessee to comply with its terms'
Due notice of the forfeiture was sent to the Buffalo and Susque-
hanna Eailway Company, the receipt of which was not acknowledged
nor has anything been heard from the company on the subject since

THE FEDERAL EEFKACTORIES LEASE No. 2.

By reason of the provisions contained in the Act of Assembly
creating the ]>epartment, a mineral lease was duly awarded the
federal Refractories Company for the removal of ganister rock from
an area ol 3,542 acren located in the townships of Logan and West
Huntingdon County. The lease bears date December 22, 1909 but
was not approved by the Governor until March 30th, 1910 and
con.sequently could not become operative until after this latter'date
J he amount of royalty to be paid is 54 cents per ton, and the mini^
mum quantity required to be removed is 15,000 tons per year No
material has yet been removed from the lands covered by the lease

T ! /""'''""''" «' *^^ ^f'-'t" Forestry Reservation Commission
iHlopted December 5. 1911. an extension of time for the beginning
of the removal of rock to expire June 22, 1912, was dnlv adopted

THE SOUTH RENOVO WATER LEASE.

Under provisions of the Act of Assembly permitting the Depart-
ment to furnish a supply of water from the forest reserves to bor-
oughs and other municipalities, a lease was dulv entered into with

it^ ^Zr^^ "^ ^''""' ^^"''^"' ^""*"° ''"""♦y- ""der date of August
^h, 1906, to run for a period of twentv vears.

For the year 1910, the borough reported the use of water as fol-

1T6 houses at 25 cents per house, 144 qq

2,439,415 gallons used for manufacturing purposes at

1 cent per thousand gallons, \ 24 40

2S

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

No. 26.

Hi

1 ii

By resolution of the Commission duly adopted February 3, 1911,
the borough was relieved of the payment of the charge for domestic
use and asked to pay only the charge incurred for manufacturing
purposes, amounting to |24.40. This amount has been duly paid
into the State Treasury.

For the year 1911, the borough reports 185 houses at 25 cents
I'er house, $46.25, and 202,236 gallcms for manufacturing purposes,
at one cent per gallon.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

THE CHAMBERSBUEG WATER LEASE.

A lease bearing date November 7, 1910, was duly entered into
with the borough of Chambersburg, giving to the borough the priv-
ilege of impounding water on the State forest reserve near Caledonia
and conveying it through pipes to the borough for general municipal
use.

The borough of Chambersburg proceeded to construct its intake
dam on the forest reserve and lay a system of water pipes from this
point connecting with the underground system already in place, and
the water was turned on July 3, 1911.

The borough agrees to pay to the Department one-half of one per
cent, of the gross receipts derived from the sale of water to con-
sumers, and the report of the borough auditors is to be the basis
for calculating the amount due. The first report of the use of water
on the part of the borough has not yet been rendered.

THE PENNSYLVANIA LIME AND STONE CO. LEASE

On April 15, 1911, the Pennsylvania Lime and Stone Company
of Huntingdon, Huntingdon county, was granted the right to remove
certain rock located on State lands, for a period of fifteen years, on
a royalty basis of 5 cents per ton, measured in carload lots, with the
proviso that all proper protection shall be thrown about the State
forest reserve and that a bond in the sum of |3,000.00 be filed for
the faithful performance of the conditions contained in the lease.
By reason of failure to file bond the Commission, at a regular meet-
ing held on the 7th day of .Tuly, 1911, declared this lease null and
void.

29

RIGHTS OF WAY THROUGH RESERVES.

Lender an act of Assembly approved June 8, 1911, the Department
ol Forestry was empowered to grant to individuals or corporations
rights of way through the forest reserves. The Department is di-
rected to grant such rights only in cases where, after examination,
Jt shall appear that there will be no interference with the use of
reserves for forestry purposes, and that it shall also appear that the
interests of the Commonwealth or of its citizens will be promoted

In accordance with this legislation the Department has entered
into a number of agreements granting rights of way to various ap-
plicants, as follows: ^

On September 15. 1911, William Caprio, Anthony Grieco, Charles
P Grieco and Vito Grieco. Co-partners trading as Caprio & Grieco,

Sn iodd aTp ^^""t ^^'"I'' " "^'' "' ^"^ "^^"^ ^'^ T^^^^h Creek
111 Todd and Penn townships, Huntingdon county, for the purpose

of constructing a line of standard gauge railway.'Vhe right of way
rver State lands is 60 feet wide and extends through the reserve for
a distance of about 5,995 feet. The lease is for a Lm of 2oTear7
J he grantees agree to protect not only the right of way from fire
V mamtainmg constant patrol, but likewise to protect adjacent
State lands from all fires originating thereon near the right o Ty
or onginatmg upon the land of private owners nearbv. The Com-^
nionwea h i-eserves for itself the right of free travel. "The grantees

nXJLnt^f'tt ''''T'V ^""^ ^^ '''-'' P- annu^X ti:e
njo.ment of this privilege. In case of violation of the terms of the

:^reemen , provisions of forfeiture may be invoked, and "he lei e
.s non-assignable except with the consent of the lessoi^

(^^mL] T^^^^^ Co-partners trading as The Vincent Lumber
yZ IZ^ .if ' "'^'' '^""^•'' ^^ consideration of |16.00 per

Zt C de for ;t '' '" ''' ''''''''''' ^^^«^' ^ ^^>ht of wav 20

>r a e„od of 8 years, through the State forest reserve in Milford

Jo 1 2^;^ ^^""^-^^ -^-^-^ ^- a distance

i doout J,5U0 feet through Spectacle Gap.

a period of 20 years, for the purpose of building thereon

30

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

partnership, of litusville, Crawford county, in consideration of the
conveyance to the Commonwealth of 2 tracis of .and conth.inVeo

town'h /•' '' """* " '^°""° "'^ *'- "^"-P Station" in Brown
ownsh,p, Lycoming county, together with a number ;f buildZs

Totter Ston .1. T "''"'*' '°'" '•''^^* ^^^^^''^^ P-P°«e« i"

iotter, Ciinton and Lycoming counties, to be used exclusively for

Zl o"^ "' '"''?P' "°^ P^^P"''^^' -'J *» -main as a vaSeaL
only so long as used for said purposes. In case of abandonment the

£f r ^^f - in-rje sxtr :; z-d
."^ ":rit:fitie^:L-v--sT tit:: ^' r- ^°

;;t;;r wTdrrsiS r itr ^^ f ,-^s.ro;':ar::

widths on different rac° TM^^Z^'r r'"'"'"'" "' ^^''•^'"^

excellent flre line because it I 'IcriJ'^in"'?/ ."^ ^"^ 'r.""' ^"
clear of growth and debris. "''^'"""^ '" *>" Pa^ts and is kept

CAMPING PERMITS.

Camping in the forest reserves s!PPn,« t„ » •,
lar year by year if we aT! ^" ^^ becoming more popu-

permits is.sid and thlmlber T'" '"""""'^ ""^ ♦''*' '>"'"'^- "'
The Department ?n tes^r ti/en'T" "'" ^^' '"" ^"^ P-'^'^^-

-d enjoy themselves in "a" ^IZ^ ^^n^ rr^^ti:? r h"^™
mere recreation in the forests of fh« «/? xt '"'"*'"«. fishing, or
be established for theioverl . . *"■ N''*'<^'*«a"ly, rules must

have aimed to makf ttese r ^ """ "'' "' '"^ '■«««'•-««• ^e

make these rules as reasonable and as far from being

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OP FORES'lRY.

31

a>
>

u
<v

CO

<v

a
o

O)
"^

o

«3
O

M
<X)

a

oi

burdensome as possible. The people of Pennsylvania, therefore have
lo an almost unrestricted degree, the privilege of Enjoying the re

woods '""^ ' '""' """^" '"' "'« protection of the

Another rather striking thought is that among the manv tiou-
.ands of persons who have gone vpon the reserves witTcamnrn.
rerm:ts, the violations of the laws and the rules of the reservrhTvf
been almost a negligible quantity. It is a rare circumstance indeed

the sT.i ::;■ tr rr ^^'^ ^^ ^-""^-^ ^^- ^^ -duct whTchT;

euU*r:"r„r:;r ri:n;irfarrn " '- ^ -'''^'^

the -reat bo,U- nf ..„ , . ^^' therefore, speaks well of

reserves ' "^ " '""* """"""^ ^^^"^ '•^*^''''»""° i° the forest

or me asking. The Department j.laces the services <,f its forester-,
nay bf r / "' "•'''"'^"' °' "^""'P'"^ P^'^'- ^^ «- exten t In t th"

o.stl°bl!shme"f o/'" "■"'"'^'' "' ^''"P'"^' "P"° ^''^^ -«-ves i« the

of refuge fr'r."d life of f"";" '""^ P"^""^'^-^ «- ''--^
soon learn o kn^w tl a tl^ir'"^ ■'""' ^'''"" ^"'"'^'^ ^^ '^^^
tbey are safe fron. h- t , / surrounding the preserve

is being increa^:" liZ^':/^, "X^ZT "'' "' ''' ''^'^
bv the Sfnfn r^ *^^ ^^ ^^^^.^' ^«''est region owned

-.•C\'' an ;onio;":;;';^'r;'''' ?■" "■^•' '^^•^>«^'^'^'> '^•^ ^-'

n.onwealth. to sav Zl. L /?k*' '""'"^'' '" ^'"^ P""P'« "' '^^ Com-
those who nlullin H ^ ^ "l "'^ '"P"''* «"*i recreation derived by
proper rea a on of n^ P"; ■'"-;, ^^ ^'^ "etterment of health and I
l'^^LreT:f:ZlT "" ^— ->^'' - doing for their

tbe'rr oTS ::::;itrTZT'^^"-"^- -^ ^-'--

permits were issued for 4 "508J:J''^''?* '■"""''*'^- ^" '»"- ^49
ferent counties. ' P'""' '^^"^ '''^'^ '"^^^^i i° 21 dif-

S

M

32

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

The following table will show the issuance of camping permits
for all purposes since the reserves were thrown open for this purpose:

No. 26.

1901. _. i

lyoj, " - I

1900, ._. " - -- I

1907, I

1908 - I

1909, ^... "" "" 1

1910, ■' ■ 1

1911 "" " "■ - -

243
3V9
421
442

622

749

1,614
1,977
2,303
2,497
3.409
3,597
3, .556
4,528

Permits are now^ issued for a period of three weeks. The length-
ening of the canii)ing period from two weeks has proved to be a satis-
factory change, and is appreciated by all campers. Not many who
go for hunting, fishing, or recreation desire to remain a longer
period than that covered by the permit, thus enabling them to enj'oy
their vacation without the renewal of the permit. It likewise covers
the deer hunting season of two weeks in November, when hunting
parties desire to locate in their camps a few days prior to the opening
of the season, remaining until its close.

TROUT FRY PLANTED BY THE STATE FORESTERS IN
STREAMS ON THE FOREST RESERVES.

The forest reserves of Pennsylvania ought to be and may be made
to become an angler's paradise, hut two things are wanting to produce
this desirable result: More water in the streams and more shade
along their banks. Witli tlie general reserve planting now being
made at the head of streams around important springs and generally
over the drainage areas where growth is now scant, and with the
protection of the present young growth already on the land, it is
reasonable to think that when these young trees reach an appreciable
size and are able to cover and shade the ground, helping everywhere
in the restoration and accumulation of mulch on the forest tloor, there
ought to be an appreciable increase in the volume of our streams

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

These streams at one time were teeming with trout but nni..,f i

to" t if:: 47^" 'Tr'T the conditions see. fo ,.e lit fWaJS

the .ear 1010 received and Ranted Zll^^'Z::::::'' '"^"^

Harry A. Thomson, Hopkins Reserve, o

Paul H. Mulford, Stone Reserve, . . Ji '^°'

H. C. Evans, Lycoming Connty Reserve, ...'.■ «

R. r^nn Emerick, Potter Connty Reser;e, . . . .' ." o'

H. J. Mueller, Union County Reserve

W. H. Kraft, Greenwood Reserve '

S^e'^R ""''".' ^^'^^'"^' oJunty ReserVe:
Altred E. Rnpp, Centre (\)untv ]

H. E. Bryner, Pennypacker Reser

Total,

During the year 1911 the foil

25

33

. 7

re (\)unty I^\sorve, o-

20

ve.

186 cans

10 cans

owing were received and planted-
John E. Avery, Pike County Reserve
John A^ Rasdan Lycoming County Reserve, ' .' .* .' .' .' * I5 ^^

A. W. Rodme, Rothrock T^serve

H. E. Bryner, Pennypacker Resent', '.[ f J "

Harry E^ Elliott, Cameron County Reserve on -

K. Lynn Emerick, Potter County Reserve ' fr ^^

F. D. Jerald. Lycoming Countv Reserve ^2

John TV. Keller, Tioga Count.; Rese;:: .* .* .' .* J

W. H. Kraft, Huntingdon Countv Reserve I

Homer S. Metzo-er Clintnn i-r,- ^^^^^^^^^ ^-

T T? nr ^^^' ^iinton-Lnion Resei-ve, .

T. Roy Morton, Huntingdon Countv Reserve

raul H. Mulford, Stone Reserve, ' '

A. C. Silvius, Potter County Reserve, .'

John L. Strobeck. Monroe County Reserve

Harry A Thomson, Hopkins Reserve .^

H. L. \ail, Potter County Reserve, .

D. Kerr Warfield, Miflflin Countv Reserve*

Raymond B. Winter, Union Countv Reserve

2.')

ir>

30
40
30
15
12
30
30
20

i(

i(

a

a

a

ik

Ci

<i

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it

a

Total,

1^J2 cans

3—26—1911

34

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

Since each can of trout fry contains approximately 1,000 young
lish and the fry grow to a length of eight inches in about 2J '^yesLv^
it will be seen that the streams on the forest reserves within a short
time should be pretty well stocked, even tliough not more than one-
tenth of those planted survive.

86

D1\'IH10N OF SUKVEYS.

The surveys for 1910 were begun in April and continued until
November.

William M. Grove of KSjiring .Mills, Centre county, completed his
general survey of the Stone Mountain and Tussey Mountain districts,
and was transferred to the Trough Creek lands in Huntingdon
county, August 10, 1910. This survey completed, Mr. Grove was
transferred to the Pentield district, October 7, 1910. This district
was not completed until the following year.

Lewis Pittman of Everett, Pa., completed the lines of the Bedford
county reserve with the assistance of Forester Wm. L. Bvers, and
was transferred to the Westmoreland-Somerset reserve under John
R. Williams, Forester. This sni-vey discontinued in November.

Charles L. Wetzel of Beavertown, Snyder county, completed the
Plunketts Creek survey, assisled by Forester John' A. Bastian and
was transferred to the Waterville region, with Forester H. C. Evans.
This survey was discontinued in November.

E. H. Green of Wellsboro, Tioga county, continued his survey of
lands around the Blackwells district of Tioga county, completing
his survey in October.

L. F. Andrews began thp survev of the Crossfork, Potter Co district
under Forester R. Lynn Emeriok, and continued the work until
November.

W. J. Deveraux of Dunmore, Lackawanna Co., with Ranger Walter
L. Kauffman, surveyed the Bear Lake lands in Lackaw^anna county

The surveys of 1911 were continued as follows: Clearfield countV
by William M. Grove; Penfield district completed March ^9 1911-
Gordon lands completed June, 1911 ; then transferred to the Hopkins
licserve, which survey was discontinued in October

The Somerset-Westmoreland survey was continued by Lewis Pitt-
n.an and completed in September. In Pike county the'survevs were
taken up for a short time only: in Lycoming rountv, Charles L Wet-

^^- 2^- DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

transferred toTe'U^ha.l S IrCHnT '^'^^ '"''' ''' ^"'^«^-
1'utliz.ger. Discontinued Toctobei ' ''"""''' "'''' *'"'''*''"

Bald Eagle Mountain lands ;c:rwl^ ^« ^^«

pleted in November, 19ii. "lanispoit, and this survey corn-

Franklin county, Bear X'allpv l-m/io r,^.-

^^^^^^"^ the Austin district with Fore^tpr A n an •
I>iscontinued in October. molester A. C. Silvius.

Perry county, East Waterford distrirt Thi.
Frank B. Patterson of Mifflintown JunHt T'^"^ '""' "^^^" ^^

^^ohn L. Witherow, and was Jut ^^^^^^ ^""^^^ ""'^^ ^^^-^-

Perry county, Sherman's ^^alley district Ti.i.
May by Captain G. C. Palm undei F ^^ "^^ ^^^ '"

tinned until October. ^^^^tsrer H. F. Bryner, and con-

Juniuta county, Bothrock Besprvp ti.,c
by George W. Cunard of I'-erH BedfW . O ""''"^ T' ^'^"" ''^ ^^^
W. Bodine, but was discontinued in JuTv ' ""' *''"^^^^ '^''^'^

only sucb ^^r^eyir^' ^^::Z:^i:i ^-^^^^^^'^^-e.
-d tbis chiefly by the DepartmenrsTrveyo:'" '"" '""°^ '''''

J"^lIr=^r;t:S:^r r'^^ -e there
l-iveted to the post, and bearinrt.r lot 'gt tTtl'V""*' "' "^* '"-
•" the general direction of thcline In c ,.p of ' "■™'" P°'""°^

kind of post with the flat iron Zu . I ''"™*'"' "*'^ ^^^ «ame

-.V. The iron postl and a i^ 1 Si T """'" •''°' "^'"""^ ^^^
t"e letter "S" and arrow pi erwtlt'i'""'1 ""'"' "'^'^'^ ^^^
tl'e traveling public is n or, . 2 , ^° admitted fact that

lands than elsewhere. ' "'""' "'^^'^'^^ "'-^^ «>" State

DIVISION op niJArOJITINO.

On Januarv 3rd 101(» m.,. <■, n
*'"ty in the drafttg . ;„ " T^■"'^ "Tl"^ "'"•*' "^^'^""^^ *"
James E. McNeal, Forres H Dnt ' ''"• ''"'"' ''• ^^''"'«™«.

' ^^^ ^- Duthnger, and W. Gardiner Conklin!

36

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doa

Having secured Koom No. 031 on the fifth floor of the Capitol, joining
the regular drafting room No. 629, and two new drafting tables, this
gave the drafting division greater facilities for its work.

Mr. Bietsch continued the new map of Pike countj No. 11-A-l. Mr.
^Villiams completed the countj line map of Juniata and Perry and
began a new connected map of the South Mountain reserve. Mr.
McNeal completed a new map of Lackawanna county, No. 12-B-3.
Mr. Dutlinger began a large connected map of Lycoming, Centre, and
Clinton counties. Mr. Conklin made up and traced several connected
maps of Leidy and Chapman townships, Clinton county. The for
esters were returned to their various reserves in April and drafting
was discontinued until 1911.

The following foresters were assigned to duty in the drafting rooms
during January, 1911: Tom O. Bietsch, John K. Williams, W. Gar-
diner Conklin, Harry K. Elliott, Alfred E. Kupp, W. Elmer Houpt,
John W. Seltzer, and Harry J. Mueller.

A new system of mai)s was adopted, and the entire state laid off
into rectangular blocks that will nmke all our maps three feet wide
by eight feet long, and all warrants drawn to a standard scale of
one hundred rods to one inch, corresponding to an area of about ten
miles wide and tliirty miles long. These will be numbered from west
to east by letters A to K, and from north to south bv figures 1 to 15,
and the new maps will be gradually made to replace the old system
of a map for each reserve.

Map D-5, Clearfield and Elk counties, was connected by Mr. Bietsch
and traced by the chief draftsman, Mr. Moore, during the year.

Map 0-4, Lycoming and Sullivan counties, was connected and
traced by W. Elmer Houi)t.

Map F-4, Lycoming and part of CMinton, was connected by W
Elmer Houpt and traced by H. J. Mueller.

Map E-3, Potter and Clinton counties, was connected and traced
during the summer by J. E. McNeal, who came into the office in
June and remained here until August 23d, when he was assigned to
duty with the Forestry Exhibit at the Pittsburgh Exposition re-
maining there until October 23d, when he returned to the drafting
rooms.

Map 9-A-17, Tussey Mountain, Huntingdon and Centre counties
was completed and traced by John B. Williams. '

Map l-B-8, Adams, Cumberland, and Franklin counties, known
as the South Mountain reserve, was connected and traced by John R
Williams.

Map l-C-15, Franklin, Bear Valley lands, was connected and traced
by Alfred E. Rupp.

Map l-B-4, Franklin and Fulton, Tuscarora Mountain lands was
connected by Chief Draftsman Moore and traced by John R. Wil-

IF ;

I*" ;i

!

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OP EORESTRY.

Itected fn JoroTof r ''^ '"T^^^ ^""^ P'*=^"- »' ^he monumeni

Th 2 r , P^iii^^'^auia's only President, James Buchanan

The other draftsmen were continuously engaged in search5nrf?;

offlaal returns of warrants and original draftf, f^m Xh tl^TLL

n this Department are constructed, and also i^ making detaH dmf^s

date. All of the foresters were returned to their reserves earlv in thP

to duty in the drafting rooms. In September, Foresters P H k.
and Edgai- H. Smith, who had just uL graduated from ihf site

etemoei iitn, loni O. Bietsch resumed his drafting work nn,i
con'Z ^h""', """"' ''''''' ''■ ^V""-- '--'ed K^^ work a^d

tedious and diffic^U ^T'''''^ ""^''^'^l returns on warrant; is a
(euious and difficult task ; and although the system in „«a ;„ +i

tor K,»g„ Ha,.,v B. Kiel a, r.l T T, '''""' °"

:^^c.=,ar;,:^: S't" ^^^^ ?- 5;-

«ork on the reserves T nl i '"'^'''^ i''"''*'*' ''»• '-apid

and are a creat necesmtv ti.. . ^^^ 1^4)artineiit

suitable in the old blrn 1 ., . ^Vhatever old material found

Bew. This stable was .^;n/' '''"" ""^"'••'- "'''^ '-«' "' «>«
"IS htaoie was built m the reserve of Foip^tp.. n i-^ nr

field, and was completed at a cost ,,f «t« i. , "'f*'.^*",^- ^^^rr War-
-'d an <-..st outsiL of tl e p . .J Ll Tl "","''' '■"' '''''"'■
■system put in at the same timeVor t 'e'rater i'l'D^ ^ ^Th' T'
-ter system is a storage reservoir 720 feet from U^.^'^Z

t,

♦

I

^8

REPORT OP THE3

Off. t)0C4

^pring of cold, pure water, fully protected from impurities by concrete
.op and .s.des. From tbi.s cistern a one inch pipe conveys the water
nto he residence, milk house, wash place, and across a public road
to a large water trough used by the traveling public.

LAN1> GUANT APPLICATIONS.

iiom time to time the Secretary of Internal Affairs, in accordance
vith the provisions of the Act of .May 3, 1900, P. L. 413, refers to the
Department for acceptance or rejection as part of the forest reserves
applications made by individuals for warrants to survey vacant lands'
Vhen such traCs are found to be suitable for forest reserve pn pises
hey are accepted by the I)e,.ar.n.ent and become a portion ot the
forest reserve w.thout the payuient of purchase price being siml
.etaiued by ,he (.-ommonweal.h. ,n case the lands ar not accepted
by the ] epartn,e„t, the application proceeds in the office of the De
partnunt ot lu.ernal Affairs in accordance with the rules of tLt
othce relating to the warrant, survey, and patent of unseated vacani

During (ho ,,eri,.d ,„voiod by this report, the followi,,.. ai.nlic'.tions
came before Ihe I) parlmeiil: -ippiKations

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05

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OP FORESTR

41

REBUILDIxNG OF DAM AT WJOMISED LAND POND PIKE

COUNTY.

The re-co..struction of this dum under autho.ilv of the Act of
Assembly approved June 14, 1911, wa.s ..onunUted to "this Department
Plans were accordingly prepared l.v the chief draft.sman. The fact'
(Imt only one thousand dollars was appropriated for the purpose
.ade the work difficult, and several sets of plans were drawn UeZ
he requirements could be fulHlled and the cost kept down o the
.mt. Concrete cores and fronts had to be on,itted. Cen,ent I ad to
be hauled fourteen n.iles over ,1k. nx.untains. Bids were IdvertLd
for, and on September l'>tli 1*»IT n,„ „ * <. "^ "^'^ auvertised
li Palmer «• r . «. 1-<M-»11. the contract was awarded to Sam
i.. 1 aimer & Co., of Stroudsl)urg for the sum of OT7-i -M n- xt
Iipr ii+ii +i.„ A„ *J(.i.oO. On Novem-

Thi. dam h bull, ovei- a„ „I,| „v,e „il, work sa» mill <l„„ All

a spill^a}. The spillway is capped widi a closelv l-nH h«. f !

twelve inches of solid concrete were floated over one inch twi^i J
reinforcing iron bars extending upwards into the CI„ L. a 1 and
downward into the back apron, which also is of cone X^ When the
i.orth wing wall was put in, a cold wave struck the place tec ,n
re e work here fro.e, and was conden.ned by the engi '«;„,.. :t
Without a word of protest the contractor removed all ,1 1 ng a ,'

mixed wrthr-r ^''^«""'-«^ «-'• -" >-l'laeed it with Tnc^t
nijxed with boiling salt water, making a complete and well tinisl'ed

The original mill pond covered about 390 acres w.M. .„
<!epth of possiblv eiL'ht f,.pf Th. i . ' "" average

lorspoitandforfood' '','"*'"''"'■ '*^" '"'"''^'^ "'^'">- ''"th
ner. iegiMatuie Jii a similar man-

42

REPORt oti' The

Off. Doc.

TiJE chj:st\{;t jjj.ianT.

Jlie invasion of I'ennsylvaniu by the il,e.slnut blijrlu, Diaporthr
paraxitim, was reported on by (lie JJepartn.ent iu May luoy after
a rather extended exan.ii,a(i<,n in the ..oulhea-stern counties of the
fetate by Dr. .John .Mickleborough and the Deputy C.nnnissioner of
rore«,,y. As is shown by the Mickleborough report, the disease at
that tinio was confined to the soulheasleru coundes and nowhere had
crossed <he Susquehanna, with the exception of possibly two spot
mfections tar beyond this line. This bulletin lil!ewise contains a
resume ot inlori.ialion lespecdng (he. blight as it was known at the
time It was prepared.

In the early part of V.m, the di.sease had made itself so aunarent
near Philadelphia that the Main Line Citizens' Assodat on t'oTu,
the subjec or consideration. This association, which is made m
of 1 h.ladelphia suburban nsidents within twentv-five miles of the
city along the main line of the I'eun.sylvania l^iiUoad, appo n ed
a committee to investigate and report upon the prevalence of the
chestnut blight in that region and make recommend itio. a to l^at
.n.ght or should be done. This committee consisted of the foHowL.
persons: Mes.srs. IJar<,ld IVirce. Chairman; Theodore N' Ely V , en

oS v'T: ,• '^'T' ''"""• '"^"^"' ^"^'^"^'•' ■^»'" ^- Jo'-on -s
Scarry ,.mtH' """/■"""!^^^'^^' '"« "-'^^ance of the Department

Z n im 5 "' ;'?'^""' '"""• '''•" "'^J'^^'t -»« to interest

t.Ti ™"' "^ '""'^ '" "'*-' '•^^S'o'i «« l'"«''ible, and then

uork „ge(her syst.n.atically for the removal of the infect;d trees i

ri:ter^^"' "' '''''' "^ ^""^''' -^ '■'^' ^""«- •--' «-« ^- -';:■;

An appeal was made to (he Departn.ent for assistance and after

means of «h ,h the De|,u(y Commissioner should take char-^e of the
wo k, and wKh the assistance of the State Forest InspL oi seve '
of the foresters, and the students from the Academv afAlln Tito
do what might be done in the direction indicated The ex, enfe of

sr;^:; nt- :;::^;c;^-r ""-"'^ ^- •- -'-■---

Hni'V/'"'",'"" '"'"'■'"'"" '■" "'" -^'^'•'•'" 'Title Building at Ardmore

0° m;v:;;::.;,:dr:;r.''' ;'•;;"'' ^'"^ '"""^- ''^"" ••■-' -'->"t'^ -

were f.ke , m . "' '••■<'l»«''-*'''« t«' '•<• examined. These

taken upon (ho ground by (he examiners, each chestnut tree

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

' 43

was carefully inspected, its location marked on the draft, and then
tagged with a small label containing the number assigned it on the
liratt, and at tlie same time a report was made of its condition with
respect to the presence or absence of fungous infection. All infected
and unmfected trees were indicated upon the draft, those infected
by solid circles, those uninfected by circle.s in outline. This draft
v'lth all Its data was then carefully retraced, blue prints were made,
a copy turnished to the owner, a copy retained for the use of the
comnuttee representing the association, and a copy for the use of the
Department ol Forestry. A copy of the tree report was likewise fur-
-Mshed to each tree owner, t., the committee, and to the Department,

:ir.?ft n , r '"^ '■"^•^•"» «^>'^ *"« «^™<^>- «l«ng with the report and
draft, indicating wliat would b, a desirable method of tree treatment
m each case. If (he owner desired to remove all his infected trees
these were marked for him by the foresters.

The value of the chestnut trees on these estates adjacent to Phila-
delph.a IS not represented by the value of the trees as wood or lum-
ber, because these trees stand for many other things; and any rea-
souable amount of money wouhl in most cases be speni bv the owner
in an endeavor to save his trees for shade or for the gc^neral eiloct
vhich they lend in the landscape method as practiced for the par
ticular estate. The original fV.rest growth of this region was mahdv
chestnut and many of the old trees still remain. Lau.se of 2
mmense size and great age and the historical memories associated
with them, one can readily understand the enormous value which at-
niches to many of them. The destruction of such a tree is an irre-
parable loss and it was found (liat the chestnut blight was not a
respecl er of trees, attacking young and old alike.

The chestnut is extremely srnsitive to any change of condition
An extra amount of light and air, or the cutting olf of either of these'

tl eT; / " T'"" *'■'•'" """• ^'" '■"'" "-• "■• «- ^i^turbanc^
c^ the root system, the j.acking down of the ground bv trampling or

mtvT?: ''' T'- '""^■■"'"*'^ -nsiderably to^ the apparenTsXn
1 ty of these trees to the blight. A tree in a weakened conditL

CousX^th. '^ • '" "•" •^" '"''' ^'^*'"' ^"- "- *" '"" -"^
Recently a great procession of tree artists and tree doctors ind

trourihi'^^^ •""' •"'' """*°''^^ •'"^'^ '-"^ ^-^-'"^ «p and "r

hrough this region impressing the value of their knowledge and

ethods of treatment upon the owners of trees. Manv of these men

are real experts in their line and can and do gJod work Of

n-any others almost the opposite must be said. At all events the

reltmen i "'"'' '""'"''"' '"''''''' ""«"^ f"""^^" «"<-h tree

treatment, readily consented that work be done upon their trees, and

44

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

usually at a rate per hour 'far in excess of the value of the work
rendered. Since the advent of the chestnut blight the increase in the
number of such artists has been rather noticeable and many were
at work in the region when the Department entered on September
I, liilO. it was found that in every instance except one, these gen-
tlemen were using climbing irons to ascend and descend trees punc-
turing the bark with holes, and thus contributing to the spread of
the disease they expected to cui-e. Many wounds were left unpro-
tected and much of the rapid spread of the infection in the region
must be attributed to careless work of this character. A peculiar
feature of this situation is that tliey insist upon calling themselves
foresters, and are usually without the very rudiments of a forester's
training. A loose and misleading use of the term forester has been
growing uj), and because of its adoption by persons without any
s])ecial training in the handling of trees, it has too commonly come
10 mean a person who has anything to do whatsoever with trees;
consequently, the veriest hatchet and saw man who can cut off
a limb or ami)utate a protruding root is soon found to be attempting
to establish himself as a "landscape forester," a term without meaning
snd used without justification ; but because of its rather formidable
sound too often misleads perscms who are not at all familiar with
work of this character. The inspectors of the Department were sat-
isfied from the start that infection was communicated by the careless
use of tools and the climbing irons referred to.

The worst casis of infection were found usually on lawns where
the most artificial conditions exist. The peculiarity of the infection
was that developing spores were most frequently found at the base
of the tree on si)reading roots about the surface of the ground, and
then probably nowhere else except a single branch or two in the ex-
treme top. Of course, all degrees of infection existed, but the i)e-
culiar one just described repeated itself so frequently that it seems
some relation must exist between the infection in the top of the tree
and what was found at the base. Trees recently attacked do not as
a rule show any sign of the attack unless some branch has been girdled.
Later on, when the girdling becomes more nearly complete, masses
of water sprouts may be found arising below the lesions and the un-
natural yellow color of the leaf indicates, even at long distances, the
I»resence of an attack. In the older trees the infection was most
numerously fonnd in the deep channels of the bark. Here the pe-
culiar lemon yellow color of the succulent bark immediately overly-
ing the cambium, was almost an unfailing indication of the presence
of spore bodies and mycelium within the bark. The spores of the
fungus find ready entrance into such places because of the opening
of bark fissures by growth ; but in other cases the fissuring and un-
usual flaking of the bark were undoubtedly caused by the presence
of Uie fungus.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

4S

Some unusual aspects of attack were occasionally seen. In one
instance a branch an inch in diameter, completely girdled, showed
interior bark signs of the fungus for a distance of 21 inches from the
point of girdling back toward the nmin stem of the tree. This would
indicate that in pruning branches attacked by blight it is necessary
to go back of the lesions a long distance so as to remove the ultimate
ends of the rapidly growing mycelium.

The owners in this locality were advised to burn bark from all
infected trees and to remove the bark from stumps down to the
ground, even below the surface, burning everything which would
likely contain spores of mycelium. It was felt that although spores
undoubtedly adhere to the sap wood, that after a time, probablv
through the process of drying, they would become rather inert and
the merchantable wood could be used within the locality without
serious danger of additional spread, provided the bark were previously
removed and burned. So long as there is any food for the fun-us
it Will continue to grow and thrive, whether in the cambium layer
of the wood or in the bark. At least two instances were found where
brown pustuks were growing vigorously on the exposed surface of
wood, one being the root of a tree from which the bark had acci-
dentally been broken, and the other upon a fence rail in a newlv
constructed fence, the bark having been retained, keeping the sap-
wood moist beneath.

While continuing the survey, the examiners found another species
of Diaporthe flourishing upon the commcm beech. There is consid-
^.iderable resemblance between the two, but, upon microscopic ex-
amination, it was shown that the. spores of the fungus growing upon
the beech were entirely different from those found upon the chestnut.
The particular species of the fungus employing the beech as a host
has not yet been determined.

As a result of the efl^ort of the Main Line Citizens' Association and
the survey made by the Department, it was seen that the problem
ceased to be- one for a neighborhood and had become of State-wide
importance. Consequently, through the efforts of members of this
association a bill was drafted and presented to the Legislature in
April, 1911, which bill subsequently became a law. The Governor
of Pennsylvania sent a special message to both houses of the Legis-
ature, bearing on the subject, and the bill upon its introduction .v^nt
through Its several stages and up to the Governor without a speech or
n single vote at any time being registered against it. This law
(See Acts of Assembly of 1911, page 922), provides for the appoint-

o loT^ OOOrr""'' "' 'r "'"'^'^^ '"' "^'^^^ ^^ appropriation
Of fwM,000.00 to carry on the work in the State. The bill was an

;Zt . Y ''' ^T""'^ ''""^ ''^ ''''^ -^ ^^^ — ^--n : : z

I>ointed two weeks later. The commission consists of the following

46

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

No. 26.

persons: Winthrop Sargent, subsequently chosen at the organization
meeting as Chairman; Harold Peirce, subsequently chosen as Sec-
retary; Samuel T. Bodiue, George F. Craig, and Theodore N. Ely.
The commission was furnished with offices in the Morris building,
Philadelphia. Mr. S. B. Detwiler, a Minnesota forester, but a Penn-
sylvanian by birth, was chosen as Executive Officer of the commis-
sion, and its work was actively begun about September 1, 1911.
For a month previous the Department of Forestry was engaged in
the beginning of a field organization for and in behalf of the co^mmis-
sion, but when their organization was completed, all matters relating
to chestnut blight were then turned over to the commission. The
work of the commission was conducted throughout the winter willi
satisfactory results. The people of the State are interested in tlus
problem and are, by means of their active interest and support lend
ing great help to the movement. The attempt is to be made to trv
to save as much of the wild chestnut growth of the State as possible
and to endeavor to keep the western counties free from anv serious
attack. Whether this can succeed only the future will tell- but
the attempt that is being made is both laudable and praiseworthv.
Should the ultimata results fall short of what it is hoped may b^
accomplished, even then the effect of this work will have left i^ood
and asting impressions upon the State, for it will have aroused^our
people to a better realization of the meaning attending the loss of
one of our most important remaining forest trees and will most
I>ointedly have called to their attention a necessity for conservation
of all species of tree growth, and will give an acceleration to the
efforts of our people in endeavoring to restore a new forest cover to
Pennsylvania.

Mention should jmHy be n.n.le here of the intei-este.l anrt valuable
efforts of the Bureau of Plant Pathology in the Department of ArH-
culture at Washington, which ha v. been in entire harmony with the
chestnut blight work thus far conducted in this State. The work of
Dr. Metcal and Prof. Collins in their endeavor to seek some method
of control for this plant disease is to be con.mended and we venture

h-Tr,',^ ' !"'P'' ''"' '""-^ ^'"' ^•""♦'""'^ ^•»'' ""•'•bated zeal in
1h,s behalf desp.te the peculiar and unreasoning criticism from some
quarters where the easygoing method of allowing the blight to co"

mue ,ts ravages seems to be the plan of procedure rather than anv

looking toward practical control. .vung

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

47

DEPARTMENT EDUCATIONAL EFFORTS.

FORESTRY EXHIBIT AT PITTSBURGH.

The Penn.s.Tlvania Department of Forestry was n«kp,i ,

Department and .,' ? *^ ' ^'''^ "'*'" ^'""^ *« «''"^^- «'e work of the
lorLtrr^i',: wo wlstr""^' r'^'"'' ^^'^^ -'"' -fe.ence to
opening of the exposUion th "' "* ""''' '''" ""^ "'« *'"'« «' ^he
lowing features: ' ^'^'^ ''''^^'' '"^ ^^ '»«t«'l^<J ^l^e fol-

thi'sta'trSe'ipiiifr" :: ''^ ^"•'"^^""•' *™'- *-- ^^

•liameter, and sTeu t nTt. "" ^'' '""* '°"^' *^^'^« ^^'^^ ot
tion, and tang L . "onTf ^ '^ T" ^^'^^■""' ^^^-^ -
surface was left in a vZT.i^l .T*^' ^°'''''"' "^ "»« e^P««ed
papered. "^"^ '''''' ''""'^ '^^ "^^er half planed and sand-

stS. \r:irthr tit :/ :zi ''- '-- -^ ^^-^^ -f the

placed upon the logs so tb.t o k ^^ specimens were had were

.^hown together """'^''" ""^ '«"*"'•*'« "^ ^>'« tree were

they were real branches ""^ "'^"^' P^"P'** ^^^''^^ed

dicating rate of growth. showing annual rings, and in-

(f) Specimens of chestnut killed by the chestnut blight

In several case sSdU. Is o d J' 'T* """''""^^ '' '"' Department,
and three year oM tS ptes *''" "*•" ^''"^■°' ^^ «' "-' *-'

(h) A collection of forestry instruments.

forestt'[!l'''?° "I'Y '•" ''""'' "" ''''''' «« ^-e" «« the most recent
forestry literature, both popular and technical.

J) The leaf charts by Grace Anna Lewis, mounted on canvas
(k) A map of the State of Penn.sylvania shmving locatiL of fo tst
reserves, forest nurseries, foresters, and rangers '^

48

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

No. 26.

(1) Warrantee maps of most of the forest reserves, made by the
draftsmen of the Department.

(m) Collections of enlarged photographs, arranged according to
subject, setting forth the story of the desolation brought about by
agriculture on poor hillsides as well as by lumbering; the possibilities
of natural regeneration; the relation of floods to forest removal; the
condition of State reserves, the forest nursery, artificial regeneration,
and the Forest Academy.

(n) A number of motto signs about 2 x 3 feet in size, stating in
large letters what forestry is and what the forests stands for.

This Exhibit was given a space 45 feet long and 27 feet deep. It
v.as in a well ligh(ed situation, and so i>laced that it could be shown
to advantage. In fact, there was room which could have been oc-
cupied by a feAv additional features had the Department been able
(o prepare them in time.

It was necessary to have two young men in charge of the exhibit,
James E. McNeal, Forester, 1907, and Edgar H. Smith, Forester,
1911, and there were very few times when both were not busy looking
after the material or answering questions of the visitors. The report
of these young men indicates that there are many peo])le who do not
know what forestry work is being carried on in the State of Penn-
sylvania, and who do not have sufficient inforniati(m about forests
or forestry to ask questions concerning them; but there are very few
people who are unwilling to learn about these subjects if they are
[•resented in a simple and attractive way. Messrs. McNeal and Smith
handled the exhibit well and contributed much toward its success.
As might be expected, the people who w^ere intensely interested in
the work and who asked more questions and requested the greatest
amount of assistance were those who are interested in school work
or who have land they wish to plant with some kind of trees.
School teachers, especially those in technical work, were particularly
anxious to know about books on thr subject, the methods of gather-
ing collections of buds, fruit, leaves, and wood specimens. Prospec-
tive planters were anxious to know what kind of trees to plant, when,
and how. Those who wanted early returns from their plantations
A\ere about equal to the number who were satisfied to plant tres
nierely with the idea of increasing the value of their land and having
it produce something rather than to have it remain in an unproduc-
tive state.

A great many school children visited the exhibit, and many of
ihem asked intelligent questions. One particular feature noticeable,
especially among the people who lived in the Citv of Pitts])urgh,
was the way in which they examined the bark of* the various Tog
specimens. Many of them had heard of oak trees and pine trees,
but they did not know of thp difference between red oak and white

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

4f

oak, or pin oak and rock oak, or any of the other particular species
of oaks, nor the difference between white pine and pitch pine, and so
on. The small seedlings also attracted much attention among all
classes of people.

Taken as a whole, the exhibit certainly proved itself to be of value
as an educational phase of the work of the Department, and Penn-
sylvania forestry is undoubtedly much better understood now in the
western part of the State than it ever was before.

This exhibit will be maintained and constantly improved bv the
Department of Forestry, and will be available for future installa-
tion as occasion may demand.

One of the features of the exhibit which attracted more than usual
attention was the chronology of the large oak section presented to
the Department by Hon. Thomas G. Kennedy, New Brighton, Pa
and which was prepared by the Deputy Commissioner of Forestry'
The diameter of the section, which was made at a point about three
feet above the ground, is 52 inches, and its circumference 13 feet 6
inches. At the time it was cut, in November, 1904, it was standing
.n the lawn of Mr. Kennedy's property at New Brighton. This is
i^ar the point formed by the Beaver River and Block House Run
A alleys. Lndoubtedly an Indian encampment existed within its
shadow, for ,n this soil are now found many arrow points and other
lel.cs, pointing to somewhat extended early habitation. The record
of Its own troubles and the vicissitudes of its companion trees is

fZl "'"" "" ''" "' ''' "^"""- '^'•^ cLnologyTs a

•

9

t

Q

4J

4-1

o

<5

%4

ki

OS

ea

.*»

0)

H

>i

4

6

12
17
18

1064

106B
1669
1676
1681
1682

19 lf83

20 1684

22
37

as

40
42
45

47
48
53
56
65
68

1686
1701
ITOe

1704
1706
1700
1711
1712
1717
1720
1729
1732

w.m ^^T>^P''°"*^^ ^''"'" an, acorn.

nnn fi^V.?^""' ^""ndtr of Pennsylvania, born

Daniel DeFoe. author of Robin.sin Crusoe born

Penn arrives In America

Ifr T-oo^'^ii^J?"".'**'^ by" Penn; Thoma«. Lloyd Governor

v^i^^'J^^ Great founded St. Petersburg
First Newspaper in America
Benjamin Franklin born
gr. Samuel Johnson born

Oliver Goldsmith born
Georee Washington bom.
David Rittenhouse born

4—2(^—1911

60

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OP FORESTRY,

51

78

78
83
84

85

88

89

90

91

9i

95

96
98

99
100
101
104

109
110
111
112
113
114
117
118

1?1
123
12.5
126
128
130

1.^
133
134

137
139
142
143
145
148
149
l.'iO
153

155
l.-i?
161
163

165
169

173
177
181
182
184
185
189
193
196
196
197

199

1737
1742
1747
1748

1749

1752
1753

1764

1755
1758
1759

1760
1762

1763 !

1764 I

1765 '

1768 !

I

1773 I

1774 I

1775 I

1776 '
1777
1778 I
1781
1782

1785
1787
1789
17J)0
17^
1794

1796
1797
1798

1801
1803
1806
1807
180)
1812
1813
1814
1817

1819
1821
1825
1827

1829
1833

1837
1841
1845
1846
1848
1849
18=53
1&'>7
1859
1860
1861

186S

I John Hancock, signer of the Declaration, born.

H. M. Mulilenberg founds Lutheran Church In America.
i John Paul Jones born.

I Conrad Woiser visited "Logrstown" on Ohio below Pittsburgh; Ohio Land Company
j formed.

I Oapt. Ix)uis Celoron took possession of Pittsburgh in name of the King of France.
I Dined with Queen Aliciuippa at Shannopinstown.
! Franklin discovers the identity of lightning and electricity.
\ British Museum founded.
! Washington at Pittsburgh November 24th.
! First permanent occupation of Pittsburgh by whites
; French and Indian War.

I Fort DuQuesne built by the French, at Pittsburgh.
I Lisbon destroyed by an earthquake.
I Braddock's defeat.

The French expelled from tlie region of Pittsburgh. (Forks of Ohio.) Port Pitt
built.

Robert Burns born.

Gen. Wolfe captured Quebec.

George III became King of England.

Conspiracy of Pontiac. Chief of the Ottawas.

Battle of Bushy Run twenty five miles east of Pittsburgh.

Col. Bouquet, on march into Indian country, passed near this old tree

Robert Ftilton born.

Indian title extinguished at Fort Stanwix to big tree and land where Pittsburgh now

stands.
Tea destroyed in Boston Harbor.

Fort Pitt seized by the Governor of Virginia, and named Fort Du'imore.
Revolutionary War begins. Battles of Ix'xington and Bunker Hill.
Declaration of Independence.
Washington encamped at Vallev Forge.
William Pitt died.
Cornwallis surrendered.

Last serious Indian raid in western Pennsylvania. Burning of Hannahstown near

Greensburg.
Indian title extingidshed to northwestern Penri'^ylvania by deed.
Constitution of the United States framed.
Washington first President.
First Census of the United States.
Franco a Republic.

Anthony Wayne defeats Indians on Mnuniee.
Pittsburgh Incorporated as a borough.
David Rittenhouse died.
John Adams President.
Irish Rebellion.

Napoleon First Consul of France.
Thomas .leflferson President.
I-ouisiana purchased.
Robert Morris died.
First steamboat.
James Madison President.
Second war with Great Britain.
Perry's victory on Lake Erie.
City of Washington taken.
Tbis tree scarred and woiiiided a second time.
James Monroe President.
First steamboat sailed ff>r V'urope.
Napoleon died
J. Q. .Adams President,
First American railroad.
This tree wounded a third time.
Andrew Jackson President.
Reapers and mowers Invented.

This tree wounded a fourth time; wood charred; probably burned by a camp fire
Martin Van Buren President.
Harrison and Tyler T*resldent8.
J. K. Polk President.
Sewing machine Invented.
Gold discovered In California.
Taylor and "yillmore Presidents.
Franklin Pierce President.
James Buchanan I'resident.
Petroleum discovered.
Ordinances of Secession.
A. Lincoln President.
Beginning of the Great Rebellion.
Slavery abolished.

V

*.)1
202

2<):{

205

2t17
l;i2
213
217
221
225

237

HO

1865

1866
1807
186i>

1871
1876
1877
1881
1885
18K9

mxi

1897

lyoi

nm

Lincoln assassinated.

A. Johnson President.

First Atlantic cable laid

Alaska purchased.

J • S. Grant President.

Paciflc Railroad completed

buez Canal completed

•Chicago fire.

Centennial at Philadelphia

7^' ?•. ^^^yes. President.

Garfield and Arthur Presidents

Cleveland President.

Harrison President.

Cleveland President second time

Mckinley President

Destruction of the "Maine." Wai

McKmiey President second term

•Assassinated.

Roosevelt President .

November: The old giant oak tree cut

with Spain,

TI.e lepoif ivm\vvv,\ l,y .M,«.sr.s. MoNeal and Smi

fh is as follows

"November 3, 1911.
non. Robert S. Conklin,

Commissioner of Forestry
Harrisburg, Pa.

Dear Sir: TI,e exhibit of li.e Departincn. of Forestry ut Pitt.

keen anu.nra <'er( ,h, L . ''"''f''"''"''''-. '''''*' '"Merest was Very
ediUNHti. Jat worL T ■' . '•*'V'''*'' e«I'«ially H.ose interested in
the wo7 k^.." h.J/*;j;":' i: I" ''"'Ipf --"'^^^ '-en interested !n

i-ip <i.e work- Z.i o:£Z£tM'£^,:T """ ""'""« ^"^

l-eople who did nor m^I- ,. Ih "•'""• t'l^iv were a great many

thef co„,d nor'..:r,he; , ;::r;ni''"'£e'-'"''"^^"'K^-^- ^"""^'>*

-hibit has been a good thi„„^.'!r\;'iVh if:::'zz^r:^::^j^

^'^tt:^n,£ !iZ:u^j':i;rV\7l! - *"- nlreai inter
tver they can be installed """o'-Mediy be a good thing wher-

Kespectfully yours,

(Signed) J.\MES E. McXEAL."

52

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

Mr. McNeal's experience at Pittsburgh led him to remark about
the few people who know there is a Department of Forestry. That
state of knowledge should not be allowed to continue. To meet and
solve successfully the problems which our Department must face,
forest protection, regeneration, protection to streams, and nmny
others, every citizen of the State must be educated to know what
forestry is and what its results are to be. There is no sense in con-
tinuing to ignore this phase of our work, and nothing short of a
vigorous and continuous campaign of education will bring rtsults.

The things which a man in charge of the educational work of the
Department of Forestry could do, are:

First, take charge of the Department Exhibit. The first thing nec-
essary is to complete it. There should be a complete collection of:

(a) Woods in various forms.

(b) Seeds of trees and shrubs.

(c) Buds and leaves.

(d) A description of products to show some of the uses to which
wood is put and statements showing the relation of the forest
to industry in Pennsylvania, the supply of wood, the demand,
etc.

There should be a collection of tools used in forestry work, not only
in this country but in others. ''It is the curious that attracts at-
tention and brings out questions."

(e) An exhibit showing natural forest floor conditions and
those existing after fires.

(f) An exhibit showing erosion and silt after forest removal.

(g) Exhibits showing forest insects and their work, both in-
jurious and beneficial.

(h) A permanent set of books available for exhibit purposes,
and a collection of forestry and lumber journals.

{'i) A number of small collections of colored lantern slides so
mounted and labeled as to attract attention and tell a story
of their own. In this connection a series of short lectures
could be prepared for use at exhibit stations, or when not in
use there, to be available anywhere in the State, especially
by men in our service.

(j) A large available supply of photographs of uniform size to
tell various stories of forestry claims and work.

(k) A large collection of attractive signs setting forth ^'catchy"
ideas with reference to forestry.

(1) A number of maps and diagrams showing the development
of forestry in the State and the trend of the lumber industry;
maps showing land purchases by years.

(m) A complete set of reserve maps.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OP FORESTRY.

53

(n) A model farm plantation set up to scale.

(o) A series of cross-sections of various trees and charts to

correspond, showing growth in height, diameter, and volume,
(p) A number of large colored transparencies showing forest

conditions.

Second, take charge of the Department library and keep it in order
up to date, and completely indexed, so that it mav be of most ser-
vice to the Department in answering questions constantly coming
to the office, and to visitors in search of data on forestry

Third, take charge of photographs, negatives, and lantern slides.
These to be numbered and tiled in a manner to be readilv available
comphtely indexed, and then classified into various forestry sub-

J t/v, IS.

Fourth, to keep in touch with the newspapers of the State and supply
hem with material of interest concerning forest conditions in

their localities, as well as general forestry matter. Th^ force in
he field .s constantly growing, and a n.eans should l.e had to keep

them in touch with each other and wiih forest development in other

s ates "Forestry Facts" should be revived or continued in some

Other form.

Fifth to make proper arrangements with the Department of Agri-
culture so that a discussion of some forestry suhje.t is arranged
for each Farmers' Institute program.

Sixth, to make proper arrangements with county superintendents

tute.s both county and local. Also to appear b;fore the county
meeting of school directors in each countv

Seventh, to help teachers in the state with" Arbor Dav, tree-arden
and nature study as they concern the forest, and io this "end to
prepare bulletins, pamphlets, and tracts to arouse interest

l-.ghth, to devi.se posters to be placed in railroad stations and other
public places, .setting forth the danger and results of forest fires
f.w/fire.'"'''^' "° •^*'"''''*'""'" ''"'^ g'^"^"»">' respecting damage

Xin(h, to assemble, with the help of the Forest Academv Instructors
various collections of forest objects to be loaned or given per-'
manently to schools of the State.

Tenth, to suggest and edit bulletins of interest to farmers, lumber-
IZfl'Trl"' "'"""^•''^^"'•ers, and others; to collect data on
grm^ th of d.fl-erent tree species in the State and edit for publica-

]:ieventh, to establish a circulating library scheme for foresters and

rangers, and suggested reading courses.

Founded on a somewhat comprehensive plan, as the fore^oin- it
•■s believed the educational efforts of the Department would" became
of much wider usefulness to the people of the State.

64

REPORT OP THE

Off. Doc.

TOPOGRAPHICAL AND FOKESTAL DESCJUPTIONS OF

KESEKVE8.

From time to time the foresters assi^med to their respective sta-
tions have prepared and submitted to the Department topographical
descriptions of their reserves. These have been published in the
reports beginning with the description of the Mont Alto reserve in
the 1901-02 volume. Similar descriptions have bten prepared bv
our foresters on reserves not yet described, and are submitted here-
with.

WILLIAM H. KRAFT, Greenwood Reserve, 1910.

This division of the Huntingdon county reserve contains about
:U,010 acres, 20,552 acres in Huntingdon county and 7,460 acres in
Mifflin county.

The mountain surface rocks for the most part are sandstone and
the soil is sandy.

The ridges are composed of light shale with shale soil and beneath
at varying distances deposits of fossil iron ore are found.

No glacial deposits have been observed anywhere on the surface of
this reserve.

The reserve is almost wholly mountainous. The valleys are nar-
row with little timber. The mountains generally are steep, except
on the first benches, where considerable areas of flat land are found.
I'he ridges between the mountains are of varying degrees of steep-
ness. Within this grouj) of mountains are found several basins, or
kettles, as they are locally known.

The reserve contains no virgin forests. Occasionally, small groups
of mature timber are met with on the top of the mountains or in
isolated places where the lumbermen could not readily reach them.

A well distributed young coppice forest covers the reserve, and
ranges in age from 10 to 50 years. The density of the stand is satis-
factory. The principal species are chestnut and oak, with occasional
strips of white pine and hemlock near the base of the ridges. The
lidges themselves are covered mainly with Jack pine and have some
chestnut and oak on the sidrs and along the base.

There is little or no market for material derived in improvement
cuttings. TlKse could !)e made with advantage if a market were
found for the product. The forest is sufficientlv well stocked with
valuable species and in sufficient density so that a minimum of
l.lanting is recpiired on this reserve. A few abandoned old fields in
ibe low;r en(?, aggregating 70 acres, are available for planting. Pine

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OP FORESTRY.

56

irhthTrtT'n'. '"""'^ ^'■"''•''^ ^'■"^ "'l"""^ ^«» «° these fields,
v^^hich are well drained and are in the neighborhood of desirable pure
and mixed stands of the species mentioned

The streams on the reserve are strong and flow at all seasons of
the year willi an abundance of water. The headwaters of Stone
Creek lie within this reserve. Because of the rapid fall, from 10 toTs
TheV" " , ■"' 'r'' "^'^"^'^^^'l^- '^^ <'""-ent is unusuallv swift,
^'th littlV ■" r "" '""' '''"' '"^"■^""•« '"'^''t »« --tructed

iZu 't "' °" 'T'l '" "''J""""^ '"'"'' -'"''' f'-'"" t''^^^^ « large
amount of power might be generated.

<t.n^/r^'? f'f "''""'* '°'"''* ■"'^P °^' tl^^^ '•^^'^••ve has been con-

oi sucf 'a mlp " ''"" '""' ""' '^""'^"'''' "^^" ^'"•' ""''^'"^

EAYMOND b'. VVINTEE, Eastern Division, Union county reserve,

This division contains from 10,000 to 12,000 acres of rough moun-
ain land in \Ahite Deer, Uest Bu.lalo, Lewis and Hartley townships
Lmon county. Extending in a northeasterly and southwesterly d -'

XiiriO miir^"' '''" ^^ "'"''' ' """^^ '"^^ «-^-^ '-'«*" -
White Deer Creek is a large stream in the northeastern end. Some
01 Its tributaries lie within another forest division. Spruce Run
lies in the central portion, with its watersheds wholly within this
division. Eapid Run is located to the southwest

tin?" WhU n *"' ^'' v"° "'■' m^mevor., and in fairly good condi-
, ^^'^^^^"^^ P'ke '>«« alo"g White Deer creek. Its grades are

low. A public road along Spruce Creek passes through State land
Fire lanes and bridle paths have been constructed at convenient
places connecting the.se roads. The Brush Valley road is connected
l.y a bridle path with Spruce R'un road. Numerous old lumbering
roads will continue to l)e improved and made passable

White Deer mountain lies north of Whit, Deer creek. The line
of the State reserve follows the top of tlie mountain. The State land
lies on the south slope. Nittany mountain is between White S
creek and Spruce run. A slight dividing of the mountain forms what
|s known as Kettle Hole, and dissolves into three ridges, whe^e i
s crossed by an abandoned road. Between two of these ridges is a
arge area called Pine Plat, without a stream. The ridges then par
tmlly unite. Buffalo mountain lies south of Spruce run and divfdes
into numerous broken ridges. Sandy mountain is the largest and
most important of these ridges. ^

The soil apparently originated from sandstone rock. .Manv areas
ure deeply covered with broken hard sandstone. Elsewhere a dZ
SOI and considerable humus is found at the bases of the larZ
rocks. The ridges are covered with rough sandy soil. P,at "nd
^ alleys are sandy loams.

56

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

•f

The cleared areas are limited to a few small plots where saw
mills and lumber camps were formerly located. Agriculture is prac-
tically impossible anywhere on the reserves. Old camp and mill
sites are rapidly coming up with young growth.

This region has recently been lumbered by M. 11. Kulp & Co. Orig-
inally the ravines, hollows, and Hals were covered with white pine and
hemlock, frequently running up and along the slopes, occassionally
to the top of the mountains, where it formed mixed stands. Pitch
pine and rock oak form the leading species on the poorer soils. All
merchantable tim!)tr was taken by the lumbermen. In remote places
a few good trees still remain, valuable only for seeding purposes and
not for lumber. They would also produce bark, ties, and fire wood,
but the expense of marketing would exceed tlie nuirket price. One
very small area of pitch pine remains, not over 25 acres in extent. A
sample acre shows the average tree on this area to be 10.7 inches in
diameter, 75 trees to the acre.

Much of this division has been burned. The slashing was destroyed
and all young growth killed. A few of the old trees passed through
unharmed. Reproduction from stumps is not good because of the
severe burning. A few sample quarter acres, taken at random, show
a reproduction of GG oak, 99 chestnut sprouts, or GGO sprouts to the
acre. The area must be reinforced by proper planting and complete
protection afforded. Planting here without a guarantee of protection
would be unprolitable.
HARRY A. THOMSON, Hopkins Reserve, Renovo Division, 1910.

This division of the Hopkins Reserve c(mtains over 90,000 acres
in a solid body, lying in Noyes, Beech Creek, and Grugan townships,
Clinton county, and in Rurnside and 8now Shoe townships Centre
county. '

The surface rock outcrops are of conglomerate, beneath which are
found Mauch Chunk red shale and Pocomo sand stones, grav and red.
Along the Susquehanna the exposure of these rocks is often ab'Mpt
frequently occurring in benches. '

On the upper lands the soil is poor and sandy, except at places in
Centre county where rich sandy loam is found. The soil of the low
lands along the river is good, but the area small. From the river for
a distance of six miles or more, the reserve is mountainous rising
from 1,200 to 1,400 feet above the river level, to slopes rangimr from
250 to 400. The back land is of the nature of a plateau, gradually
sloping to the headwaters of the various runs and their branches
It may be said that 70 per cent, of the reserve is mountainous and
hilly.

There is little or no virgin forest. A small area of jack and yellow
pine, running 175 trees to the acre, is the nearest approach Thev
range in age from 100 to 125 years, and because of fires are now in a

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

57

declining state. This small amount of timber reaches from the head
of Smith's run southward along the river a distance of about S miles
to the head of Fields run.

A good stand of hardwood is found from :McSherry's Run to Hall's
run. The species are white oak, rock oak, black oak, and red oak,
the two former predominating. Chestnut is occasionally found.

Numerous small areas of this reserve need severe improvement
cuttings. Because of the nearness of some of them to Renovo, proper
disposal could be made of the product. Where the young stand is
too thick, as in the neighborhood of Yost's and Field's Runs, thinning
would be beneficial. Here we have a fine stand of hickory, tulip, and
basswood. The best hardwood timber of the region came out of
these areas.

Hardwood sprouts are rising generally over the reserve. Where
fires have not occurred, these are found to be in good condition and
make rapid growth. Probably 20,000 acres in all are covered with
such growth, about 10 years old, from 10 to 20 feet in height and
running in diameter from 2 to 3 inches. White and vellow'pine
regeneration is taking place rather strikingly among the'hardwoods,
and may be found in size from young seedlings to a height of 6 or
more feet. One hundred and fifty to the acre among the hardwoods
may be commonly found.

On about one-half of the area of the division the growth is of an
unsatisfactory and scrubby character. Little scrub oak is present
With protection and a little thinning, sprout growth will soon make
itself noticeable.

Probably 35,000 acres will need reinforcing either bv planting or
the sowing of seed. Space at present exists for a planting of from
G0,000 to 100,000 trees. f ^ m

Little or no erosion occurs on this reserve.

An interior tract known as the Armstrong Farm, lies within the
boundaries of the- division at the mouth of McSherry's run. Being
J^tate land, it has been i)lanted with 10,500 white 'ash and honey
iocust. A considerable area remains where planting may be made. "

The streams on the river side of this reserve fall considerably dur-
ing the dry season, but are never known to fail entirelv. ()n the
Beech Creek side many of them disappear during the summer, no
doubt directly attributable to the scant tree cover. The str ams on
This reserve are admirably adapted for the building of dams and the
creating of storage reservoirs capable of generating a large amount of
power. Sumcient water could also be had to sui)plv a large popula-
tion. The borough of South Renovo at this time" draws its water
supply from a reservoir near the head of Hall's Run.
C. C. MINER, Chntham Division, Stone Reserve, 1910.

This division of the Stone reserve is kmg and narrow in outline
lying about three miles south of Little Marsh, Tioga county, and in-

58

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

dudes an area of about 10,000 acres. The surface area of the division
is the detritus of the \\'isconsin glacier. The deposits, however, are
well covered and may be seen with satisfaction (inly along the cuts
made by the New York Central railroad.

The soil is gravelly excei)t uu higher places, where it changes to
shale and sandstone. AVhite quartz is found as an outcrop at six
places on the divisicm, one on the basin of Kennedy Kun and the others
at the- heads of JMg and i.ittle Asaph runs respectively. These cpmrtz
deposits belong to the carboniferous j^eriod an<l are the Sharon con-
glomerate of the J»ottsville formatiim.

These lands are a part of the general Allegheny [)lateau and the
streams have cu( their way from the |)latean toward the valley of
Marsh Creek. A classification of the resulting surface areas yields
15 per cent, for valleys, '2:> jier cenl. for mountains, and 00 per cent,
for plateaus. The mountains generally are stiep, frequently rising as
high as ()() degrees. A fair average of declivity is ;{0 degrees.

This division of the reseive was Inmbered over about 20 veais a<'-o
and since then has been repeatedly burned, so that nearly all second
growth has been killed and imly in a few well i)rotected jilaces do
we find any timber trees of size. A scattered stand of hard maple of
good character is found in Sjjore Hollow. A good stand of young
coi)pice about 17 years old and from 15 to 120 feet in height is at the
iiead of Baldwin run and on the Stcme Kidge i)lateau. All it needs
at this time is protection and a little strengthening by judicious
planting. It is too young for improvement work.

Approximately 3,000 acres of the division are cov red with a prom-
ising coi)pice growth needing little else than protection. This area
is distributed along the streams. The remaining area may be classed
as white birch and bird cherry land, which next after pi-otection from
lire needs to be planted almost solidlv.

The valuable species of trees found on this reserve are, rock oak,
red oak, white oak, red pine, white pine, yel'ow birch, white walnut
bard maple, and a few hemlocks. The paper birch and poplar grow in
abundance and bird cherry covers all waste arras.

Erosion on this division is not severe. Where the streams descend
with great rapidity, more or less cutting is takin^^^ jilace.

The streams on this division are Asaph run, with two branches
Straight run, with two branches, Kennedv run, with two branches'
Sweet run. Hemlock Flats run. Smith run, and (leorge Hn^wn run',
all of which maintain a good flow the year round. On State land
Asaph run has a fall of 1,010 fret; Straight run, J)40 faet; Kennedy
run, 839 f.i^i. Because of the slope and the steepness of the banks at
numerous places reservoirs yielding a large amount of power might
be constructed.

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No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

59
WALTEE D. LUDWIG, Boulsbu.g Division, Centre county reserve,

The "Bear Meadows" is located at ti.e foot of the south slope of
Greenlee Mountain and in a sen.i-circuiar pit formed bv the uniting
of Getty s R,dge with this n.ountain. The name is ver; appropriate
and suggestive. It is a large meadow, fed by man v 'underground
.springs and contained many bears es,.ecial]y when th; area was cov-
ered by spruce. This spruce was lumbered about 15 to 20 vears ago
and although bears arc siiil foun.l, they are not so plentiful". It cora^
l.rises about 1.200 acres and ,.f this about 2.-^ or ;{() acres in the north-
eastern end are very swampy and it is this to which attention is called.
The whole meadow is covered with a .lense growtli of laurel, rhodo-
dendron, and huckleberry. Large gu,.; trees left by the him'b™
dot the ana and l,ere an.l there a tree of Abies balsamea (Balsam
Fir) ,8 lound. The whole tioor is .-overed with sphagnum moss. This
IS dense and is from 14 to hS indies deep in places and single strands
ueasure fro.n 8 to 12 inches long. Below this for an unkm.wn depth
(here is nothing but a black muck, soft and containing no traces of
any grit. Tins sphagnum de-servts consideration. Since we use this
m our nurseries and there is a ready market for it at a good price
why not utilize it? A road on the old tramroad bed can easilv be
made, tlie sphagnum removed, dried and baled near tlie "Meadows "
and conveyed to Linden Mall or other points for shipment. It grows
rapidly and woubl more than supply some of our nurseries, at any

Now, let us look at the s,.ruce ,,roblem. I'ieea mariaua. or black

7T1 "'"■': "*■'"'''''' ""' "^f'-''"i"«-«" in a dense stand, so dense in
fact, that there was little or no undergrowth. It was pointed ,.ut
to me by men who helped lumber this area, that the northeastern end
of abo«it .{0 acres did not contain .so good a growth of spruce as the
rest of the area. This area was and still is most swampv. Now it
u^ M-eU known that black spruce does best on moist soil.; It has a
•shallow root system and is fairly tolerant of shade. When the tree
has not developed normally, however, it can easilv be recognized by
ilie small and scraggy crown. The trees f„und on this area are small
in height and diameter and their crowns are small, bushy and
scraggi'. The outer limits of this area are known immediatelv by the
larger trees and better deveIoi)ed crowns. To be snre however a
Tiumber of trees of varying sizes were cut and examined., the results
Of which are seen in the api.ended tables. It was a difficult task to
count the rings on a section and after a few attemi>ts some of them
had to be discarded. As it was, thin sections were cut in the woods
and brought to the office and there examined. Enough data were
obtained to find out the relative rate of growth and to convince the
most skeptical that there was some trouble. For (his .swampv area
the following averages are significant:

60 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.

Average age of tree, 190.6 years.

Average height of tree, 19.3 feet.

Average D. B. H. of tree, 3.9 inches.

Average time required to grow to 2 in. in diameter

at 0.5 feet above ground, 135.2 years.

Average age of tree when released from unfavorable

influences, 165.7 years.

Average diameter growth per decade for the past

twenty years, 1.04 inches.

Now, it is plainly evident that this spruce has not been normal.
AVhatever the cause of this abnormality, the fact remains that it is
abnormal. And, too, the present reproduction is sparse and thin and
the trees are already too old to maintain their present rate of growth.
This area should and likely will be put to better use. Allow the
spruce to stand for say 25 years. Plant the area now or as soon as
possible with a fast growing, water-loving and valuable tree, a tree
which can be coppiced and used for pulp. Let us plant a willow, using
cuttings ; manage it on a 25 year coppice rotation, and make this area
work. Every 25 years an acre of willow ought to yield at least 50
cords of pulp wood and continue this. At present willow pulp sells
for $7.50 per cord. Three years ago it sold for |5.50 per cord. In
25 years it should more than double its present price. Let us make
every acre of our land produce its best, and then we can show the
people of Pennsylvania more results of her wise forest policy.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

Gl

''Tvec'^es'^fice.^^^^^^ ^^-^try. Boalsburg Reserve

Meadows." "^^^iiana. lype, All Now Dominant. Locality, "Bear

NO. OF TREE, 1.

I

O /-s

0..5

Radius In Inches at Tears of Grow

th.

0.&->

115
l.I

125

1.8

Ai?e— 12^)4..
D. B. U.—3.(r.
Height— 14.7'.
Clear length— 5.0',

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126

20

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1.9

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2.05

0.5

140
1.1

1.4

160
1.8

NO. OF TREE. 2.

Age— 164 + .

HeJ?ht— 18 (T.
Clear length— 12.5'.

164

19

0.6

1.9

0.1

2.0

NO. OF TREE, .*?.

Ace— ?lR-f-.

D. Ti. U.—^.S'.

Tfof«rht— IS*.

Clear length- 10.5'.

218

)

18

1.1

2.4

0.15

1

2.55

0.6

lOfi
l.S

90.'^

215
l.f>

2?.^
2.2

?.?5
2.7

NO. OF TREE, 4.

Afr(> 2.^-1-.

T> "R TJ —i.^".
Clear lenirth— 14.0'.

2r?7

25

1.8

2.8

0.15

2.96

0.5

14.«;
1.1

155
1.4

2.1

3.1

NO. OF TREE, 6.

^ B H.— 5.0*.
Hpfght~l?.5'.
^*T. lono'tK — ifl'.
Clear length— 10. V

115

80

2.0

8.1

0.15

8.25

ft

REPORT OF THE
NO. OF TREE, 7.

Off. Doc.

o

525

Radius in Inches at Years of Growth.

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0.6

190
1.4

200
1.6

210
2.4

Age— 214+ .
D. B. H.— 3.3*'.
Height— 14.5'.
Clear length— 11'

214

20

1.2

2.8

0.15

2.d5

NO. OF TREE, 8.

0.6

180
1.5

190 I 200
2.1 j 2.6

Age— 200+ .
D. B. H.— 4.8".
Height— 24'.
Clear length— 14'

200

21

1.0

2.6

0.15

i

2.76

NO. OF TREE, X.

0.5

90
0.6

100
0.9

Age— 107+

107

20

0.6

1.2

0.1

1.8

NO. OP TREE, X'.

0.6

10
0.3

20
0.5

Age— 26+.
Height— 4.. V

^^

20

0.5

0.6

0.1 : O.Z

JOHN A. BASTIAN, Lycoming coimlv reserve, Lovalsook Division,
1911. ^ '

The reserve is broken by interior holdings and small farms along
Loyalsock creek. Because of these the boundary line is necessarily
irregular.

This reserve contains a number of mountains 'and ridges, among
them being Allegheny ridge. Blessing mountain, Jacob mountain.
Cove mountain, Smith's Knob, Rock ridge, Bed ridge. Mining ridge,
and Mile ridge. The top of Cove mountain is a large flat broken by
A very sharp point and rocky ledges. The highest point on the reserve

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

68

is Smith's knob. Three ridges with steep sides are joined together
and at the juncture is an elevation of about 300 feet above the sur
rounding surface, forming a knob. The mountain is locally said to
form a crow's foot. iocdu.y saia to

The mountains of this region are made up of red shale with ,n„,»
red sandstone of the Catskill group. Gray'sands one : the PoeZ
group ,s also found. Boulders of Pottsville conglou.erate abound in
the north slope of Rock ridge. Traces of coal are found at the lead
waters of lUfie Hear creek and seams eleven inches thic^- have been
opened. There ,s little soil on the southern slope of the variourridtT
The surface is covered with a layer of thin, rough flagstone The red
.hale so.l ,s good and deep. The sandy soil leaches out baX is
rough, and does not for this reason favor tree grow th '

On portions of the reserve strong springs are found. On other nor
ions they are but few in number. On Alleghenv ridge he ,re „n

creek, both of which flow into Loyalsock creek. Four noted sorin-..
are near the top of this mountain, and are known as ear sTnf
Little .Swamp spring. Big Swamp spring, and Dickies Sal ff
Big 8and spring is located between Allegheny ridge and Mii^^g dgf

'^vaters of L ttle Bear creek, which is over (J miles long and flows its
ntire length through State land, except for a short distance near
the mouth. Many other small spring runs empty info Ms "rrk
Al the .s reams on the west side of Loyalsock creek are short l^t

loS fo. th. .T, °^ '"""""'• ''''^■'"' ^'^"^^'de streams are

than a half mile, and ranging in height from 15 to 25 feet Tho

ToHblv 4^" t •'•' r. r '•"" '^ ""•^- ^"^ ■— o^ the sfit, and
probably 4o feet m height.

Loyalsock creek divides the reserve into two nearly equal parts and
a ong the stream are found more of the inferior private holdings U
traverses the reserve for a distance of about 10 miles, due to i^fnum
erons windings. It was formerly an important logging stream Td

rafts were run upon it for a distance of , u, :«, miL. Ma n-^.'f t^e

small .sprrng runs with their sources on Sfat, land flow inf.." Wallis
run, which forms a half circular boundary at the northwestern co ner
or the reserve. v^^^uci

The reserve was lumbered over from time to time during the period
.angiiig from 10 fo 40 years ago: consequently, there is son e f^^e
second growth timber. Where fires have not run, the voung Z^Z
IS vigorous and promising. Where fires have occured' we fi^d new
species of trees coming in. A fine growth of 50 vear old hemlocT
mixed with rook oak and chestnut, is found on the top and Tpe of
Cove mountam, and give an idea of what the original forest must

€4

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

(i

Lave been like. Numerous large sized stumps and snags, everywhere
scattered over the reserve are an indication that the original growth
was of the finest and most prolific character. Birch, sugar maple,
butternut, basswood, and beech may be found at the foot of this
mountain and in the hollows.

Blessing mountain is covered with scattered growth of pitch pine
and young undergrowth of chestnut and oak. Birch, rock oak, and
chestnut may be found on the eastern slopes.

Mixed hardwood timber covers the top of Jacob mountain, con-
sisting i>rincii)ally of chestnut from 5 to 25 years in age. There are
also some scattered pitch pine, with birch, maple, beech, and butter-
nut on the slope.

Allegheny ridge is covered witli scattered growth of pitch
pine and oak tluit resisted tlie fiics, and an undergrowth of chestnut
and oak in mixture from 5 to 20 years in age. This young coppice
has forced out the scrub oak at the age of about 10 years. Scattered
hickory, oak, and chestnut may be found on the southern slope, while
the north slope and hollows contain good stands of chestnut oak,
birch, and some hemlock. Mature pitch pine of fair growth may be
found on the eastern end of Rock ridge, while 11 year old oak and
chestnut predominate at the western end. The eastern slope also con-
tains some oak and chestnut of the same age. Hemlock and hardwood
may be found on the northern slope, the former in small scattered
patches. The slopes resemble those of the adjoining mountains.

Red ridge is covered with chestnut and oak in mixture from 5 to
11 years old, and about the same character of growth is found on
Mining ridge, with the addition of some fire scarred oaks.

Generally over this reserve the pitch pine and old oak withstood
the fires fairly well. Chestnut and pitch pine of varying ages are
found on the top of Jacob mountain. Birch, maple, beech, and but-
ternut prevail along Ihe slopes and at the base. Similar growth
covers Allegheny ridge and is of about the same age. Some scattered
hickory is found along the southern slope. Chestnut, oak, birch, and
hemlock occur on the northern slope. Red ridge, Mining ridge' and
Mile ridge are covered with similar growth here and there interspersed
with mature hemlocks which now act as seed bearing trees.

Smith's knob is covered with a growth of hardwood, principally
oak about 30 years old. The radiating ridges have a scattered growth
of oak and chestnut 35 years old, with a coppice growth of chestnut
and oak about 12 years old. A fine growth of birch and hemlock may
be found in Painter's run hollow, while good stands of birch, maple,
beech, and butternut occur in the hollow of Little Bear creek.

Generally, the reserve is fairly well set with good timber, and in
a short time will produce some valuable lumber. The stand is close
producing tall, straight shafts. '

i.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

65

Cleared areas od the reserve are almost wanting, there being but
one of about 75 acres in extent.
A. W. BODINE, Rothrock Reserve, 1911.

This reserve contains approximately 19,000 acres, and lies In and
along Shade Black Log, Licking Creek, and Blue Ridge Mountains,
in Juniata, Huntingdon and Mitliin counties. The larger part of the
reserve is in Miillin county, west of the summit of Black Log moun.

L U. J. XX m

J/ni ""'^ ""IT ^'"^1'°^ "■'"''' "^^" '''''' ^""'■^^^ "I'"" the "-eserve
and flow ,n different directions througl. Licking Creek vallev, which

raverses the entire length of the reserve between Black Log and
]>.cking Creek mountains for a distance of about IS miles. Black Log
ceek hes m the valley of that name between Shade and Black Log
mountains. ^

fZ^^Am M """^ ''"'^^' ''''*"' '''"'*"*^"^ ^^'•y'"^ ^••"'" 900 to 2,000
feet. Most of the mountain sloj.es are at 45^ The upper slopes are

mr„t".!n r '"7'"''' '''"'"'°^' '''' ^^""^ *«^^'»-<l '^' base The
mountain tops are long narrow ridges with no level areas except two

known as Chestnut Plat and Black Log bench. The former "form d

by Licking Creek and l{lue Ridge mountains, coming together and

n.e flat area is about 500 acres in extent. The other compii an

;;«i"n ''""" '"" ""' '^ ^'^ '''' '^""*''*^"^' ^'"^^ ^' «'-" T.og
Surface rocks are sandstone and shale, some ganister and a littlP
"iH^stone. Sandstone and ganister ma,' be foifnd along the s on s
and ridges The lin.estone and shale are in Licking Creek valLy and
•shale also in Black Log valley. The soil is thin ^nd poor eSt on
the flats. Near the base of the slope it improves and i the valleys"
a sandy loam. Cleared land does not exceed 160 acres, 100 7n Sack

of Blue iidge. Regeneration of white a.sh. locust, tulip, and iuniner
..s rapidly taking place. Fifty acres are in a state' of cil'tfin '

The forest area comprises 18,765 acres. Black Log vallev and
^hade mountains are well forested with timber of good character
A hick shrubby growth exists in East Licking Creek valley own^

East Licking creek for a distance of over 4 miles, and consists of yel
ow pine, chestnut, oak, and walnut, now nearlv mature At this
.me they would produce good lumber, but are sure to dedint if aT

•he finest kinds are found in West Licking Creek vallev but' th.
growth ,ecom,s poorer as we approach the sfopes and mtL „ to "
Three types of forest predominate on the reserve, the White Oak
bottoms, Chestnut Oak Slopes, and Mountain and Ridge Tops. In

&— 26— 1911

66

REPORT OF THE

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the former white oak is the prevailing tree, well mixed in with pitch
pine, whi^e pine, hemlock, chestnut, beech, maple, tulip, black walnut,
butternut, and locust. The forest mulch is from 4 to 5 inches deep,
and remains moist throughout the year. The undergrowth is laurel
and rhododendron. The roads are usually grassy. Trees of this type
are of good character, and for all over 6 inches in diameter a rough
valuation survey gives an average diameter of 8 inches, and a height
of 40 feet.

The Chestnut Oak slopes occupy the northwest and southeast ex-
[>osures, being long parallel strips of land running nearly to the top
of the mountains. Chestnut and rock oak are the predominating
h-pecies, but tulip, yellow jiine, white pine, hemlock, white, red, and
scarlet oak, linden, locust, maple, walnut, butternut, and hickory
may be found scattered along the lower sides of the ridges. The un-
dergrowth i« chestnut, birch, viburnum, striped, and mountain maple,
black alder, sweet fern, laurel, azalea, huckleberry, and the climbing
\ines Virginia creeper, grape, and i)oison ivy. The leaf litter is of
fairly good character, and is being improved yearly. The timber in
this class is in good condition, mostly of seedling growth. Numerous
old seed trees prevail. The average diameter for all trees over 6
inches is about 8 inches, and the average height about 35 feet.

The third type is sparsely covered with timber, and com;;rises the
narrow strips of land along the mountain and ridge tojjs. The lead-
ing tree is chestnut, mixed with rock oak, some hickory, pine, linden,
and locust. The undergrowth is laurel, birch, sweet fern, strii)ed,
and mountain maple, viburnum, and the three vinrs. In many jdaces
soil is w^anting. Elsewhere the litter is accumulating. Ledges and
loose rocks are common. The trees are short and crooked, especially
wliere exposed to the strong winds. Tn good soil the growth is
better. The forest cover on this tyjK^ of land may be said to be ma-
ture, and is valuable only as ground cover and to furnish seeds and
nuts for tree reproduction and the wild life of the woods.

At the southwestern end of Blue Kidge a few of the old pumpkin
pines are still standing, and would cut about 800 feet per tree.
NELSON R. McNAUGHTON, Karthaus Division, Clearfield county
reserve, 1911.

This division comprises about 40,000 acres, and is naturally divided
into two compartments having dilTerent geological and forestal char-
acters, separated by Mosquito creek, which forms a natural boundary
between the divisions. The division to the north and east of Mosquito
creek contains about 25,000 acres, and in addition to Clearfield county
land there are small portions of Clinton, Cameron, and Elk counties,
and lie to the north of Karthaus. The lands on the southwestern side
of Mosquito creek are about 15,000 acres in extent, 20 miles north-
west of Karthaus.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OP FORESTRY.

67

^«

The first division presents the geological features common to bitu-
minous coal regions. The farm land lies on the side hills. The creek
bottoms are narrow. The soil is of slate or clay composition, shallow
and fertile. In the forest areas the soil is of a sandy nature, the coal
bearing strata and coal pockets lying deeper. The surface is nearly
free from rocks, and is well adapted to the growing of coniferous
trees. No well defined mountain ranges are found on this reserve,
the land being a high plateau with numerous gullies worn by the
streams.

A valuable feature of the reserve is the great number of small
streams contained upon it. These are upper and lower Three runs,
Lower Jerry run, Marks run. Coal run, Ked run. Twelve Mile run,
Panther run. Little Meeker run, and Wykoff run. The oldest inhabi-
tants of the region who have lumbered over this land aud who knew
ihe pine and hemlock when it was measured in diameter by feet in-
stead of inches, are unanimous in saying that the present stream
fiow is unsteady compared with what it was then, and that
freshets are a much more common occurrence. No part of the re-
serve has timber of sufficient size and density to be of merchantable
value at this time. At least two-thirds of the area is burned over
brush and bracken land. At present the land at the head of Wykoff
run is being lumbered over to remove dead timber killed by a recent
fire.

The western division is more rocky and mountainous than the
eastern, and although there are no marked ranges, separate ridges
(►ccur of irregular outline and considerable height. The farm land is
of better quality with deeper soil, but the soil of the forest land is
inferior to that of the eastern portion, and because of the irregularity
of the land a wider range of species may be successfully grown. This
portion of the reserve is also rich in springs and small streams, and
contains the southern branch of Mosquito creek, Medix run, and the
lieads of Deer creek and Enoch creek.

The purchase of this region was well worth while if there were no
other purpose in mind than the growth of a forest cover to stimulate
the flow in these streams.

The western portion contains a better growth of trees, consisting
of white pine, chestnut, and hemlock. The coppice is of better quality
and brush land is smaller in area than on the eastern portion.
ITOMER S. METZGER, Eastville Division, Clinton-Union Reserve
1911.

The trend of the mountains on this reserve is east and west. Con-
fusion exists regarding the names of the many spurs, because of the
numerous local designations. Generally, however, the mountains are
known as White Deer, Nittany, Sand, and Buffalo, with structural
features well defined.

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So. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

69

Numerous springs are found throughout the reserve, most of them
being south and west of the Clinton county line in Centre and Union
counties. Springs of varying sizes are found in the gaps of the moun-
tain. The smaller ones usually become dry during the sunmier but
the strong springs are sufficient to keep the streams well supplied.
Probably the most noted spring is that known as Tea Spring, near
the point where the counties of Union, Clinton, and Centre touch,
and forms the headwaters of Big Fishing creek.

The principal drainage stream is White Deer creek. It rises near
the Centre county line and flows eastward between White Deer and
Nittany mountains to the town of White Deer, a distance of 22 miles,
where it enters the Susquehanna. Numerous spring runs empty into
The creek throughout its course, the principal ones being Lick run.
Mile run, Sand Spring run, Crabapple run, and Black Gap run. White
Deer creek furnishes the water supi)ly for the towns of Lewisburg,
Watsontown, and Milton. Spruce run and Rapid run drain the south-
eastern portion of the reserve, uniting to form Buff*alo creek.

This reserve is covered with a good growth of young timber. At
many i)laces, however, the stand is much too thin. Some areas have
been swept by repeated fires, and scrub oak now predominates. Chest-
nut and oak come in rapidly with protection, mixed with white oak
and pitch pine, and readily crowd out the scrub oak. The regeneration
is of white pine, and the other species are chestnut, rock oak, red oak,
white oak, and pitch pine.

ARTHUR B. WELLS, Grays Run Division, Lycoming countv Reserve
1911.

This portion of the reserve lies in the townships of Cogan House,
Lewis, and Mclntyre. The reserve is drained by Lycoming creek and
Laurel Hill or Trout run. Trout run proper does not touch the re-
serve, but three of its smaller tributaries have their headwaters upon
it. The three main streams above mentioned lie in narrow valleys
with steep sides. The intervening mountains are narrow, with high
i\nd flat tops and steep shallow gullies in pairs on opposite sides.
Klk Knob and Round Top are two conspicuous sides. The latter is
at the upper end of the ridge between Dry run and Long run, and
The former, so called because the last elk in this State was killed on
it, rises from a ridge along Four Mile run. Dry run and Long run
are tributaries of Grays Run. South of Dry run the ridges run north
and south, while north of it they run east and west.

The lumber industry which was the life of the region, has practi-
cally ceased, and many people have left for other localities. There
is little demand for labor except on the small farms. Wages are high
because of former good times. Objection is made to the policy of
the Department in prohibiting grazing, planting up open areas, and
keeping out fire, for the reason that it will interfere with the privi-
lege heretofore enjoyed by the people of the neighborhood.

* 1

The reserve is dotted with old trees which were abandoned by the
lumbermen, and now serve a useful purpose as seed trees, and are
valuable for no other purpose. A few of these stands are too dense
and should be thinned. Dead chestnut is now being removed. Similar
contracts of sale ought to be entered into for the remaining species,
which are poor culls and their removal would make way for better
reproduction, thus benefiting the reserve. The second growth of chest-
nut, oak, and aspen on the mountains, and birch, beech, basswood, ash,
maple, and butternut in the valleys, is making favorable progress.
Hemlock seedlings are conspicuous at a number of places. The soil
generally is good and of considerable depth for mountain land, and
tree growth responds well from it.
JOHN L. WITHEROW, McClure Reserve, 1911.

This reserve is triangular in shape, about 14 miles long, and con-
tains nearly 7,000 acrc«, lying in Jackson and Toboyne townships,
l*erry county. The southern boundary is nn Horse valley near the
Franklin county line, and extends eastward over the Conococheague
to the Pennypacker reserve. The eastern boundary follows the sum-
mit of this mountain northward to Honey Grove. The western boun-
dary is irregular, crossing Horse valley and following the summits
of Tuscarora and Little mountains north to Liberty valley.

The rock formation is of two characters, the Juniata and Utica and
Hudson River shales and hard sandstones. These are the oldest ex-
l>osed rocks and vertical clitis 100 feet in height, in East Waterford
gap of hard red standstone, atiord opportunity for studying geolo-
gical formation. The higher mountains are capped with Tuscarora
sandstone. The mountain crests are sharp, consisting often of ledges
of bare rocks. Lower Helderberg limestone is found in the surround-
ing country, but does not outcrop on the reserve. The soil is shallow,
dry, and loose, well adapted to tree growth, but loses fertility quickly
as the forest is destroyed. Erosion occurs only on cleared slopes
having slate soil. Shale, slate, and sand in the soil predominate.

The greater portion of the reserve lies on the slopes of Conoco-
cheague, Tuscarora, and Little mountains, which run from the Juniata
river in a southwesterly direction through Perry and Juniata counties,
and inclose the Kansas, Horse and Liberty valleys. The mountains are
steep, with sharp slopes rising to 65° in the mountain gaps. Thirty-
five per cent, of the area of the reserve is inclined at an angle less
than 18^, while the remainder has an average slope of 45°. Cross
ridges and peaks occur in Kansas valley. Little Round Top is a short
I idge lying outside of the main Conococheague mountain. This region
i.s not well watered. Springs are few and nearly all are found in the
valley bottoms or in deep ravines. Their cour-^es are short. The
larger streams are Laurel run, Blain run, Kansas creek, and Horse

70

REPORT OF THE)

oir. Doc.

\ alley creek. The largest stream in the region is Horse Valley
creek, aud joius the Tuscarora at East Waterford along with Kansas
creek Xumtrous power sites are available along these streams.

bulphur springs predominate in Horse Valley and furnish most of
the pure water of the region. By reason of the character of the
water many visitors are attracted. The most notable is the large
spring, having a depth of 10 feet, located on the Hockenberry farm

Within the last 33 years this area ha.s been lumbured at different
times, and no virgin growth remains. The types may be said to be
oak aud chestnut land, oak and pine slopes, and mixed hardwood
hottoins and ridges.

The lirst type covers 42 per cent, of the entire area. Its average
density is about 120 trees to the acre, with an average age of about
.!0 years. Iinprovenient cutting at j.laces is needed. No reinforced
I'lanung ,s necssary. The average stand of this type is composed
approxiina ely, as follows: Chestnut, 25 per cent.; red oak, 15 per
cent; l.lack oak, 15 per cent.; white oak, 4 per cent.; rock oak, 20
per cent.; pin oak, 8 per cent., with (he remainder distributed among
hickory, locust, maple, and ba.sswood. All the species are generally
<all straight, and healthy looking, although occasionally fire scarred
Ihe second lyi,; occurs on steep slopes in closely lumbered ridges
and coveis about 50 per cent, of the area of the reserve. It is usualh'
thin and more ..r less damaged by fire scars and lumbering. The
different spec.e.s are chestnut, rock oak, yellow pine, pitch pine, and
While pme. The trees generally are small and scattfred. Reproduc-
tion IS go,„l and no planting will be needed if fires can bo kei.t out
Natural regeneration of white pine is occurring

The third type, covering about S per cent, of the area, includes
small scattered tracts, together with 150 acres of abandoned farm
h.nd. It has been heavily lumbered and nearly all valuable species
.ire gone The ground is ..overed with brush and worthless growth
.ed maple, b ack birch, beech, black gum, and yellow birch are found
but scattered, and usually in a damaged condition. Th;. old fields
«re covered with weeds and briars and volunteer pilch ,.ine so dense
hat plnnt.ng cannot bo done wilhout clearing. IJed oak. rock oak
locust. s,,ruco. and white j.iiu will succeed well on this area

RESER\E IMPROVEMENT WORK DURING Wio]

The following improvomont work during the year 1910 was accom-
plished by the foresters wilh the assistance of their rangers and such
other help employed from time to time as was needed. The improv^
mens reported on are scheduled by the names of the foresters and
the locality wherein the work was done, following which will be

No. i>(i.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

71

found a condensed statement showing the aggregate of the work of
each kind accomplished. The record for forest planting, nursery
work, and fighting fire will be found elsewhere.
AVERY, JOHN E., Pike county reserve.

Twenty-five miles of roads and fire lanes were re-opened and brush

removed, making them generally passable by teams.
One fire tower thirty feet high, for observation purposes, built dur-
ing the year.

Improvement cuttings generally carried on throughout the year.
Two sample plots have been laid off at the Mercier place from which
volume studies are being made.
RASTIAN, JOHN A., Lycoming county reserve.
Thirty miles of road were brushed out and improved to a width of

from 18 to 30 feet.
All known springs on the reserve which run during the dry season

were cleaned out and trails cut to them.
The boundary survey of the reserve was completed during this year.
A small amount of fire wood and a few hundred feet of old lumber
were marketed. Settlements were made for a few cases of mis-
taken (lifting of trees. All numeys thus received were forwarded
to the I)ei)artment.
No general report of reserve conditions for this division having

heretofore been made, the following is submitted:
This reserve contains about 13,000 acres, and of that area perhaps
10,000 acres carry as good a stand as can be expected. This will
eventually Ikmoiik? merchantable. Very few acres have the same
species, age, and number of trees \)er acre.

We- have perhaps 1,000 acres of hemlock, rock oak, and chestnut
mixture. Hemlock predominates, about 50 years old. On the flats
on top of the ridges they will average perhaps 200 to the acre and
on the slopes perhaps 100. These are in good condition but improve-
ment cutting should be done.

We have about 2,000 acres in chestnut, rock oak, and pitch pine
mixture. Chestnut i)redominates, being about 50 years old, and only
50 to 75 to the aero. These trees are short bodied and scattered and
some are fire scarred. A good young growth of chestnut and oak is
coming on underneath. We have about 2,000 acres of chestnut and
oak mixture about 30 years old and 150 to the acre. Some are in
f:ood condition while some are short bodied, dei)ending upon the loca-
tion. Improvrment cutting should be done.

We have about 500 acres of l)lack and yellow birch 20 years old,
and 400 to the acre. A good close stand. No improvement cutting
needed at present.

We have about 500 acres of pitch pine about 100 vears old, readv
lor market, 5 to 20 to the acre, with a young growth of chestnut and
oak underneath about 10 years old.

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ftfipoRT OF The!

off. JJOC.

Upon tI>o remaining 4,000 acres is a fair growth of chestnut and
oak com,,:,- up alter the fires, and runs from 5 to 20 years old. Some
i.re in good shape, others short bodied. The fiats on top of the ridges
ai.|;ear f„ have the good growfhs. This leaves 3,000 acres thinly cov-
•■red and out of this perhaps 2,500 acres are on slopes or in hollows
where planting could not be done at a profit because of the bare rocks
Tree g,.o^^■,h is s.^attered and short but it cannot be improved profit-

About .^00 acres are covered with a scattered growth of oak and
c ustnu, left fron. fire, which could not seed the place in 15 years
lanfng would be costly because of the matted growth of roots from
«-eeds and ferns and the roughness of the ground. Perhaps 100 acres
of th.s cou d be broken up with a plough, but by hand it would he
an endless task. This is a good place for an experiu.ent

he done ^ov"" "''' " '■""°'""'' "'"' '' ''"•""'^ ^"^''^ l"'"'*'"^ '^^
aODINE, ALFRED W., Rothrock reserve. Mifflin countv
One-half „,ile of fire line 12 feet wide was opened during the vear
Two.and.one-half miles of new road 12 feet wide were o^ned and
W inilos of old roads improved.

?l!isT "" "" .r'T ''''•'" •'"'" '"'"■"^•^'^ ""'^ "•"'^e accessible.
Tl s reserve .s 18 m.les long, about 5 miles wide, and lies in the

three count.es of Huntingdon, Juniata, and Mifflin, the largest

leng h of the reserve and included in the above road improve-
tJZv -f ''=7,r^«''-'^d "^y '■^^'""-ing aTl stones and brush,
marked" "' '"''""'' ""' "' '"''''' '^"™ ''•^'^» "I«^"^'d «"«!

liKV.NER, IT. E., Pennypacker reserve, Perrv countv
I-our.fifths of a mile of new fire line was opened. * '
ilurly miles of roads were brushed out and improved
Springs generally were cleaned, improved, and made accrssible
One ob.sorvation fire tower was constructed on the reserve during
the year. ^mij,

'"maX'd.'' '"""'"■'■ '""■"'■'' ""'' """ ^^""""-^ '■^•""''"••d »nd

The house o<-cupied by Ranger F. P. Sundy was repaired during '

he year. A three foot wire fence was built around the vard

an, some necessai^v grading donr. Two small outbuildings were

ebuilt. Arbors for grape vines erected. All buildings were

or tlie property improved.
The house occupied by Ranger Leroy Koontz was re,,air:d Rooms

painted. One porch was roofed and another flooie.1. Necessarv

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No. ^6.

t)fiPARTME>^T OF FORESTRY.

n

spouting added to house. Fences repaired and one new three-
feet wire fence built. Yard filled and graded. Other necessary
outbuildings were constructed.

The lumber used in the repair of the above properties was taken
from old and useless buildings scattered about the reserve. A
small sum was realized from the sale of useless old lumber, for
fire wood, and two small charges for mistaken cutting over the
line, all of which have been forwarded to the Department.
HYERS, WILLIAM L., Bedford county reserve.

Seventeen and one-half miles of new fire lane opened to a width
of from 8 to 18 feet, as demanded by contour of the ground.

Three miles of old roads were brushed out and improved.

The springs on the northern end of the reserve were cleaned out
and paths cut to the more important ones.

The outside reserve boundary survey was completed during the
year. The lines were carefully marked, corners built, and re-
serve notices placed at all prominent points.

No general improvement cutting was undertaken because- of lack
of market for the product.

CONKLIN, ROBERT G., Caledonia reserve, Franklin county.

Two-thirds of a mile of new fire line opened during the year.

One-half mile of new road was constructed. This road, known as
the Rocky Mountain road, is now the leading highway between
the Caledonia and Mont Alto reserves. The portion just con-
structed includes several culverts and bridges, the abutments
and wing walls of which are built of concrete. Bridge No. 5,
because of its size and importance, is of reinforced concrete.

During the year a two-story addition was built to the forester's
house and a one-story office added; plumbing was changed, con-
crete floor placed in the cellar, and grounds were improved and
graded.

Improvements to the Graeffenburg Inn include the renovating
of the office, the papering of the dining rooms, and the addition
of china closets. The pump house was repaired, new floor and
ceiling being added.

The contract with the borough of Chambersburg was executed with
the Department and the construction work of the intake dam
and the laying of the pipe line on State land was planned and
prepared for active work with the opening of the following
spring. This pipe line furnishes to the borough of Chambers-
burg almost an unlimited supply of the purest mountain water
collected from a drainage area wherein there is no human habi-
tation.

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ftfipoRT OP The

(>tt. Doc.

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General improvement work Las been forwarded on the south side

Cori's n, h' ''"' "'' '''' '■'''"«^«' «^ «- killed SIM

value of S' '; "'' °' *'" "'•'••^ '^*^''^«- ^''^"t balan ed h/t "
vdiue ol materials removed VII rpr.^iM^c f« ^i "^

ro.'.r. '"'■^'^'•''^■^ *° ^''^ Cr-tmenr "^ '"'" '''' '^^^"''^ ''^"'^
""^T?^"? ' '^' «^KDINER, Snyder county reserve

yea TlWs r'T°!:«' '^^^ r"«d was constructed during the
""^f.^f- ^^''f'f'lAM F., Clearfield county reserve

'^irir a!:;:;;:: -^ ^^-^"-^ -- — - - --.
;r;tha;'r; rr^- r zr .r - ^- -^ —

A number of new bridges were built on,) li ^"'^•
fording places ^"""^ removed, making

BUTLIA^(}EI{ F()ImF^T TT ni- . reserve.
F..,,. -I '''/^^^^^^^^-^^ IT., Clinton county reserve

T:::;t;;z :r,:;:Lr = r ■,""'•' ■■' - '-■

out during the year ^ ^ ''°^' ''•^''^ ^'''''^''ed

roof was added levera ^o ^°^"' '''"'""'^ ''°"««- ^ -^^w

repainted. Avfn'do v ' h T ''"' ''''''''''''' '''''^'''^' «°d
and glazed wh ruee," 'Z" r""'""' '""" "^" «'>'^'> '"'"S
A cabin for the use oTttr '' '''"' P'""*^*^ ""^^'de-

^^ at the head':;:;;:;''^ -;^™ ■'-"^ - ^'-^ ^'"-"- '-d.

Twenn'fof ^'^f ' ^•' ^^'"^^'" --^>- —

T^e ytr^nll^^f „?7 '^7 -- opened during the year.

-e ai. oneriTu::.rofr :::i :r;j^r^ -^ '—

l^MERICK, R. LYNN, Potter county reserve

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

75

Six springs in Stewardson township, 2 in Abbott, and 2 in Leidy
township, Clinton county, were opened, cleaned, walled, and
drained. All springs were marked, named, and posted, and
made accessible from roads and trails.
Survey lines so far as established were carefully marked and
painted, and all corners rebuilt. Department notices were con-
spicuously placed and the State blaze used where convenient,
always facing State land.

, What is known as the Stone House property was painted and
papered inside, a new floor laid in one of the rooms, and a new
drain constructed. A new roof was also put on the barn. This
place is now in excellent condition for the home of a ranger.

PJVAKS, HORACE C, Lycoming county reserve.
Twenty-three miles of roads and trails were brushed out and im-
proved. Most of this work was done by the rangers without
additional help.

Wherever springs occur near roads or fire lines, they have been

deepened and repaired.
An old camp on Trout Run was taken down and rebuil t at a more

suitable place.

Surveys of the exterior boundary were carried on throughout the
season.

About 100,000 feet of dead timber were sold from the reserve
during the year and the returns sent to the Department.
HOUPT, W. ELMER, Cumberland county reserve.
Eleven miles of new fire lines were constructed.
Forty-eight miles of old roads were brushed out and improved.
Four springs were cleaned and walled and made accessible from
the main roads.

One observation tower was constructed during the year and the
site of another chosen and plans prepared for its construction
the following season.
JERALD, FRANK D., Lycoming county reserve.

During the year 8^ miles of old roads were brushed out and re-
paired and 2 miles of trails were laid out and made suitable
for travel.

Sixteen springs on the reserve were located, cleaned, and made
accessible.

Improvement work was carried on in removing a number of old
lumber shanties, reserving and stacking the good lumber under
cover.

KELLER, JOHN W., Tioga county reserve.

Six and one-half miles of fire lane from 12 to 18 feet wide were
cut by the ranger during the year.

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REPORT OP THE

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Off. Doc.
'"ZTiT'^'f ^"'^ °' "■"^^'^ '""^ ^'•^"^ "^^^ "^^-^ brushed out

Six spring on the reserve have been cleaned and made accessible
A log cabm located near the centre of the reserve was r ^ai d
The o„ts.de boundary of the reserve has been completely surveyed
all corners rebuilt, and the lines well marked and pJnted '

'nirprtrr ^""^ ^- -'^ -^ ^^^ .ro::^iL..,,

KIRK, CARL L., Clearfield county reserve

TpLed." "' "' ""'' '"' '""^ '"'^^ ''-'^ ^-«>^«'i -t and

Dangerous old log bridges were removed from the roads and suit

able fording places substituted
Springs on the reserve were generally deepened and walled and

so protected that cattle do not have access to them The tate"

Dead^'and dvfnT t '." """"' '""• "" '^''^' ^ «t«^« '-^
was ^und f^r ^ " "" ""''^^' ^"'^ ^""^ -"^ ---^et

' oZrd r„dTii:.:d ^^--'^""'^ "--''' - - ^« ^^ -^^

KRAFT WILLIAM H., Greenwood reserve. Huntingdon countv
Pnor to h,s death in .Tune of this year, Forester Kraft had opened
and repaired 8i miles of old roads, and was busilv e^ga^ed '

tXT^e XroThi: nT::^rr'-^- -.■n.^a^r at"
LUDWIG, WALTER D., Centre county reserve.

"ariCori:;;ng;reir" -^ ^-- - — ^ut

A M'oathor .station was established in September equipned with
o,.d.nary thermometer, a maximum and mininn.mTefre.i 7er
ing thermometer, one aneroid barometer nnd ■. ..iJ
Headings are taken fron. the instruments on" a dav ""'"

H::psr;n7c?r;"'" ''-' ■"^"--^ ^-« ^"^ — danger

Thirty-flve miles of old roads were brushed ont La .

made pas.^able for tr.vel Of T; ! ^ repaired and

roa.ls newlv developT °"'"'''" ^* '^^«* " ""^ are

J

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ill

.Aih. XV— Portion of an Old Road, a part of the Laurel Run Road,
Bear Meadows Division, Centre County Reserve, Before Improvement.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

77

"'hM^uMi^-^ivi^i'.c. %\re a; &?:. ^ftj^^c-^^^"'

No other improvement in the way of cutting was attempted ex-
cept that being carried on by Mr. Reese.

About 200 pounds of seeds were collected and sent to the nursery
at Asaph.

MOKTON, T. ROY, Barree Division, Huntingdon county reserve.
During the year 39 miles of roads and trails were brushed out and
improved. These serve as fire lanes and may be traveled by
teams.

During this year the survey of the exterior reserve boundary line

was completed and carefully marked.
A number of springs were improved, being dug out and walled,

and in each case an appropriate name posted in a prominent

place showing direction and distance to the spring.
MUELLER, HARRY J., Union county reserve.
Twenty -nine miles of old roads and trails were repaired and brush

removed.

The right of way was cleaned and brushed for the building of ^

milts of new road.
Two observation fire towers were built during the year on high

mountain points.

Necessary repairs were made to the stable and the cabins at Pan-
ther Run.

MULFORD, PAUL H., Stone reserve, Tioga county.

One mile of road was improved and made fit for travel.

All surveyed lines were brushed out and remarked.

A small amount of dead and down timber was sold and the pro-
ceeds sent to the Department.
Considerable work was done with respect to cleaning and repairing
springs but owing to drought springs on this reserve did not
maintain their usual flow, except the largest.

New roads have been projected to cover and protect about 9,000
additional acres of the reserve.

The activities of Forester Mulford were confined mainly to the
nursery at Asaph, detail reports of which are found herein else-
where.

RETAN, GEORGE A., Greenwood reserve, Huntingdon county.
During this year the work of Mr. Retan was confined mainly to
his nursery. Detail report of which will be found elsewhere.
RUPP, ALFRED E., Centre county reserve.

During the portion of the year that Forester Rupp was located
on this division, 29 miles of improved fire lines were built and
opened to widths ranging from 18 to 20 feet. Loose stones were
removed and depressions filled.
Nineteen and one-half miles of roads and trails were brushed out
and made passable. Trails were usually opened to a width of
9 feet.

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REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

Permanent camp in the Bear Meadows and 2 bridges over Laurel

i-dve ror storage of provisions.

"" fit dan/er7t 'dm"" 71 """^'' '•"• *''^ ^"'•P''- "^ I*----?
nre danger at difterent places on the reserve

TZrZlluZri f"°''' '''''"''' ^°*^''^-*J« — 'bie.
land ™"' ^''■' P'^^'"^ ''• the streams on State

'iVor^j'^rett"" ^^" ^"^ " «- "-' '^" "-» --
SKLTZEK, JOHN W., Centre county reserve.

Ten and one-half miles of new Are lines were opened

rat r'anT'" f "'' ^^^"^^ '^"'^ *^^"^ ^^ »>'-''d out, re-
paned, and made accessible.

Two fire observation towers were built, one on the tou of S«nd
Mountain, the other on Paddy Mountain ^ ^"'^

cJelT* !r '" *'" ^^'"^™' "^' ^''^ '-^^^ I'^d'y fire scarred
chestnut in the east end of Decker A'alley was carried on Ih

sl. ^VT^'" '^^ ''"^ •^"PP'- regeneration '"'

Sales of dead wood for fire purposes were made thromrhout th.

Sw sihe ""' :f T*^*" '-'"''' p«p- --rs:: 1

SILVIU8, A. C, Potter county reserve
Twenty-«ix and ,me-half miles of fire linos fron. 20 to -o feet in
width, were constructed during the year. ' '"

LTT^Zr^'^' """ ""' ''' '^-'^^ •'"-•^-^^ -e retraced
"" b^rr^r ' '™^' '""' ^'^'^ '''''"'' '"' P'-'*-^ -<J P-tected

\rhtt;rn^rrm^Sd^s:r Xetr ;iTr,«^:

P.ea2;"t. but because of circumstlnrl c^t rp^.;

Ttr^^pair ' - -''-' - «--"■-:; rjs

^Jroirb^rgs^-rfu^ir^wt: rr:^. r- -

received forwarded to the Department *'"''"°*

"" Of" the ;:t!''"P-^- --<^« -re kept during the latter half

.\'o. 26.

DEPARTMENT OP FORESTRY.

7»

A three acre improvement cutting in the thick pole woods alonfi
Moores's Kun was made while cutting fire lines.

A half acre nursery was established for the use of Forest Kanger
Fourness at Odin.

STALEY, LEWIS E., Mont Alto reserve, Franklin county.
Thirty-one and one-half miles of roads and trails were brushed and
improved.

The road running toward Old Forge was continued and repaired
Several small improvement cuttings were made, totaling 25 acres
Eight acres consisted of hypermature trees. The balance was
thinning. Much of the material derived was used in repairs to
State property both at Mont Alto and at Caledonia, and the
balance of the proceeds forwarded to the Department.
One case of trespass involving the unauthorized removal of timber
from the reserve was investigated and settlement made by the
defendant paying a satisfactory amount, and by his signing an
agreement that he would commit no further trespasses
STROBECK, JOHN L., Pike and Monroe county reserve
Seven and one-half miles of new fire lines were constructed
Eight miles of old roads and trails were opened and made pass-
able.

One spring on the reserve was cleaned and walled and a path
opened to it from the road.

A small experimental nursery, about one-eighth of an acre in ex-
tent, was established.

The exterior boundary of the portion where survey is completed
was carefully remarked.

Sales of dead and dying timber from the reserve were made and
proceeds forwarded to the Department.

Two observation fire towers were built during the year and con-
venient paths opened to them.
THOMSON, HARRY A., Hopkins reserve, Clinton county

One hundred and twenty-two miles of old roads and trails were
opened, repaired, and made passable.

Fifteen springs were cleaned, walled, and made accessible

Considerable ditching was done along the Jews run and McSherrv
roads.

Improvements were made at Klingerman Camp. The roof of the
building was repaired and a cave construcfed for keopii.ff r,ro
visions. t h i '

VAIL, H. LAWRENCE, Totter county reserve.
I^ight miles of fire line have been constructed
Ten miles of roads and trails, cutting the line at right angles hav^
been reopened. ^ , n r

Springs on the reserve have been cleaned and deepened Water
may now be dipped from them for fire purposes

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REPORT OF THE

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Additional plans have been made for the building of other roads
in the future.
^VAKFIELD, D. KERR, .Afillfiin county reserve.

Nine and one-half miles of new fire line have been constructed

Seven and one-half miles of old roads and trails have been opened
and are now fit for travel.

One new road was built which now serves as the basis of commu-
nication to all parts of that portion of the reserve in which it
lies.

An old Indian trail has been brushed out and is now made to serve
as an easy line of communication between the Kishacoquillas
N alley and Penn's Valley.

.^evcn springs have been 'improved and deepened and suitablv
marked.

Four small pole bridges have been built on the Treaster Vallev
road. '^

WILLIAMS, JOHN R., Stuart reserve, Westmoreland and Somer-
set counties.

Four miles of old road have been brushed out, repaired, and made
passable.

rroleetion against tire and a small an.onnt of improvement work
include the main operations for the year.

Six thousand nine hundred and eighty tons of blue stone were re-
moved from quarry on the reserve under lease existing at the
time when the land was purchased by the State, and the royalty
hereinafter*^ *** "'*" "'''•'''■*""^°*- ^eported under 1911 revenues
M'INTER, RAYMOND B., Union county reserve.

Two miles of Are lines were constructed

^'Zlabl'r' """' "^ "'*^ ™'"^' '"""^ ^'■•'"' '"'^'■•^ "P^"^^"^ «°'J ""^de

A small area of improvement work was undertaken mainly for the
purpose of instructing the rangers
WITIIEROW, JOHN L., Franklin-Fulton reserve
One new tire line, one mile in length, was constructed of a width of

M teet, to the summit of the mountain.
Sixteen milrs of lire line were brushed and improved during the

The house at Cowan's Cap was remodeled for the use of a ranger

A stable was built, a porch added, and the building painted
A one-wire tele,.hone line was built across the northwestern corner
of the reserve for a distance of three-quarters of a mile. The line
was constructed by the farmers of the neighborhood for their own
convenience, and the Department has (he u.se of it when necessary

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No. 26.

i
DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

SI

The rangers were busy throughout the year locating lines and cor
ners and doing general improvement work.

During the year 1911 the improvement work on the reserves was
continued, and with the exception of forest planting, nursery
work, and fighting fire, which is reported upon elsewhere, is
contained within the following statement. Springs on the re-
serves were regularly cleaned and kept accessible. Most of the
foresters have them named and marked so that they are readily
found from the highways. Numerous small nurseries have been
established, the location and size of which will be noticed in
the report under nurseries.
AVERY, JOHN E., Pike county reserve.

77.5 miles of old roads and fire lines were worked and im-
proved.

All roads are usable by teams so far as possible.
l^ASTIAN, JOHN A., Lycoming county reserve.
10.25 miles of old roads and established fire lines were improved.
All roads were opened to a width of from 12 to 14 feet, while fire

lines were opened to a width of 10 feet.
2.5 miles of new roads and lines were constructed.
The building of one mile of new road was begun. The grading is

complete; top dressing needed. Will be finished as soon as

funds permit.

There was little or no market for fire wood and material derived
from improvement cuttings. A minimum amount of work of
this kind, therefore, undertaken.
nODINE, ALFRED W., Rothrock reserve, Mifflin county.
33.3 miles of old roads and trails were repaired during the year
New road to the extent of 1.33 miles was constructed.
A small nursery was established, 11,160 square feet in area
Springs generally on the reserve were cleaned, improved, and made
accessible.

The boundary line around the reserve was kept brushed, opened

and well marked. Additional surveys to include recent land

purchases were finished during the year.
Necessary repairs were made at the Oppel property. Brush and

dilapidated fences were removed from about the Murphy house.
IJRYNER, H. E., Pennypacker reserve, Perry county.
16.25 miles of old roads and fire lines were completed and made

accessible to travel.

29.5 miles of road extension and new fire lines were constructed
Considerable time and labor were expended in the cuttin- and
removal of upwards of 200 trees infested with the chestnut
blight. These trees when located were cut down and burned.

^>~-2(^— 1911

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REPORT OF THE

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Few of them were worth anjthiiiij as timber, and because of
distance from market, could not be sold at a profit.
ItVEKS, WILLIAM L., Bedford county reserve.

16 miles of old roads and fire lines were opened and made fit for
travel.

4.3 miles of new roads and lines were constructed during the year
The outside boundary lines of the reserve were painted and a num-
ber of corners rebuilt.
There being no sale for material derived from improvement cut-
tings, little has betii done in this direction
CONKLIN, KOBEKT G., Caledonia reserve, Franklin county.
21.1 miles of old roads and fire lines were repaired.

13.1 miles of extension and new roads and tire lines were con-
sirucceci.

51.4 miles of reserve roads were accurately surveved, all deflection
angles being indicated and distances measured with chain and
marked with iron pins.

The extension work on the new Rocky Mountain road was of a
moderate character. Bridge No. 5 was finished, one culvert
built, one cut made, and one fill constructed from the earth re-
moved.

An extensive improvement cutting was made ahmg the Conoco-
cheague. It consisted of the removal of overmature white pine
and hemlock left by lumbermen previously operating in the
neighborhood. The material derived was worked up into dimen-
sion stuff by the use of the Department saw mill, and after pay-
ing all expenses shows a possible j^rofit of $682.26.

Improvements at the Graeff"enburg Inn consisted of repairing the
kitchen, installing new range, extending the porch, buildi'ig a
shrd and ice house.

New fences were built along the pike and from tlie park to the
west line of the reserve. Two old bridges on the line of the
abandoned Wolf Hill road which had become dangerous, were
repaired.

At the forester's Ji<nise a small porch was built in the rear.

The forester made an examii.aticm and report on a small tract of

timber for Mr. A. N. Pomeroy, Chambersburg
OONKLIX. W. GARDINER, Snyder county reserve.
Work on the new Swift Run road was continued. In all a total

distance of 40.25 miles of old roads and fire lines were brushed

out and made accessible duriiiff the year.
In opening these lines a new double bitted sprouting axe was u.sed

which proved successful. This removes the sprout close to the

stump, which in a short time will wither and die.
The chestnut blight has been discovered in this reserv. ,nd sorat

progress has been made towards eradicating it.

■ wx— <t.t'

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

8S

Small game was found to abound. A number of good trout streams
exist on State land. Good camping sites are found throughout
the reserve.

DAUUK, WILLIAM F., Cleartield count v reserve,
^a miles of old road.s and Are lines were worked upon and im-
proved.

A small nursery approximating «,000 square feet in area was es-
tablished at a suitable place on the reserve

Timber cutting of dead, down, and hypermature trees continued
under contract heretofore made and elsewhere reported uuon
]>UTLINGEK FORREST H., Clinton county reserve

19.0 miles of old roads and tire lines were worked upon and made
passable.

7.5 miles of new roads and lanes, being extensions of old ones
were completed during the year. '

A small nursery was established for experimental purposes and for
the use of the ranger at Whetham, aggregating an area of about
000 square feet.

In brushing out roads and fire lines the practice was employed of
p.ii.ig brush in the middle of the cleared area and burning at a

worth ft *™*'" '^^^ '"'' '" " ""'^ ^'■*'''*^'' """^ '^^ '■''■''""« «'■«

Survey of the boundary line of the reserve was begun in September,
and will be gradually extended until completed

The survey disclosed at places small trespasses where persons had
cut over the line, and these cases are to be investigated

A tree planting experiment with the use of dynamite was begun
m September and the experiment is to be continued and re-
ported on in the future. " le-

"^ham ^"'''" "^^'^''^^ ''^'^ "'^'^^ *" '^"^ ''""^^ °^ ^^^ '■^"S"'" *»* ^^^*-
ELLIOTT, HARRY E., Cameron county reserve
42.25 miles of old roads and fire lines were repaired and made ac-

, vCSSlDie.

5.3 miles of new roads and lines, extensions of those previouslv
repaired, were completed during the year

Improvement work on this reserve consisted wholly of road work
which must precede the removal of undesirable timber. A plan
IS being worked out whereby such timber may be sold and re-
moved the coming year. "" 'e-

KMERICK, R. LYNN, Potter countv reserve.
4.T miles of old roads and fire lines were worked upon during the

J' Cell «

12 miles of new roads and lines, extensions of those already es-
tablished, were constructed.

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84

REPORT OF THE

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Many of the fire lines follow the route of proposed new roads
which will be opened and improved in the future.

A small nursery was established during the year for experimental
purposes, having an area of about 2,000 square feet.
EVANS, HOKACE C, Lycoming county reserve.

41 miles of old roads and fire lines were worked upon and made
fit for travel.

A number of springs were deepened atid repaired.
The old highways on the reserve which were formerly of an in-
different character are now in a good and passable condition.
ITOUPT, W. ELMEK, South Mountain reserve, Cumberland county.
16 miles of old roads and fire lanes were opened during the year.
14.5 miles of new roads and fire lines were constructed, continu-
ing the old system.
Large stones were carefully removed from all roads and water
breaks built into them to prevent serious washing.
elERALD, FKANK D., Lycoming county reserve.
28.7 miles of old fire lints and trails were opened and repaired.
Where possible a road machine was used in doing the work
KELLER, JOHN W., Tioga county reserve.
4 miles of old roads and fire lines were opened and repaired.
37.75 miles of new roads and fire lines were constructed as exten-
sions to the existing system.

Many roads were so badly torn by water that stone filling and

walls were necessary at places.
Debris cut from roads and fire lines was raked to the centre and

burned when the weather permitted, and on dry days was carried

back a distance from the road.
KIKK, CAKL L., Clearfield county reserve.
21 miles of old roads and fire lines were opened and improved

during the year.

The survey of the Penfield Division of this reserve, which was

begun the previous fall, was continued until the completion of
the work in May of the present year. The exterior lines were •

carefully marked and prominent corners constructed.
A small experimental nursery was started near Penfield with the

expectation of enlarging it next year.
Dead timber from the reserve was sold in small quantities and

the proceeds remitted to the Department.
LUDWIG, WALTEK D., Centre county reserve.

48.1 miles of old roads and fire trails were cleared of debris and

made passable.

All roads and trails were carefully measured and staked at thou-
sand feet distances.

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PLATE XVIIL— The Laurel Run Road. Bear Meadows Division. Centre

County Reserve, Before Repairs. v.cuire

'/

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PLATE XIX.— The Laurel Run Road, Bear Meadows Division, Centre

County Reserve, After Repairs.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

85

A small quantity of dead and down wood was marketed and the*

proceeds forwarded to the Department.
Two sets of growth studies were made during the year on what

are known as sample plots 1 and 2, reports on which are found

elsewhere herein.

Other roads not included in the above were repaired by having
stones removed, bridges and culverts strengthened, and other'-
wise put into passable condition.

A new road 2^ miles long on the bed of an old tramroad, was con-
structed.

McNAUGHTON, NELSON R., Clearfield county reserve.

5 miles of roads and tire lines were opened and improved.

During the few months the forester was in charge of this divi-
sion, his efforts were exerted almost solely in the direclion of
protection of the reserve.
METZGER, HOMER S., Union and Clinton counties.

10 miles of roads and fire lines were repaired during the year.

2 new houses were built on the reserve, one for the use of the
forester near Eastville, and the other for the use of the ranger,
near Tea Spring. After competitive bidding, contracts for their
erection were let to W. A. Geary, of Loganton, the price for the
former being |1, 800.00, and the latter $1,600.00.

Necessary outbuildings, grading, and drainage were required at
the Tea Spring house, and these were constructed at a cost of
1224.00 for labor and materials.

Additional grading and a small amount of outside work are still
required at the Eastville house.
MINER, C. C, Tioga county reserve.

8.8 miles of old roads and trails were repaired and made passable.

10.8 miles of new roads and trails, being extensions of the old
system, were constructed during the year.

Springs generally were cleaned out, paths made to reach them
from traveled roads, and guide boards erected for each spring.

One watch tower for fire observation purposes was constructed.

The cutting down of small dead trees and dead stubs was begun
so as to lessen the fire danger. The wood thus obtained was
sold in the local market and proceeds of sales forwarded to the
Dei>artment.

MORTON, T. ROY, Barree Division, Huntingdon county reserve.
10 miles of old roads and trails were repaired, many of which are
now passable for teams.
M TELLER, HARRY J., Union county reserve.

20.9 miles of old roads and trails were opened and repaired.
Many of the old roads were resurfaced and are now good public

highways.

A small experimental nursery was begun for the use of the rangers.

I

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REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

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MULFORD, PAUL H., Stone Reserve, Tioga county.

2G.8 miles of old roads and fire lanes were repaired and a con-
siderable portion placed into a condition for driving with team.

Sign boards were erected at the junction of roads ; also pointing
toward and marking each spring as these are cleaned out, deep-
ened, and repaired. All springs generally on the reserve were
opened to provide for increased liow of water.

An experiment in tree planting by dynamite was tried on this re-
serve. Both areas will be i)lanred next spring and notes of
growth carefully kept.

43 cans of brook trout were planted in the different streams on

the reserve.
All surveyed lines were opened and marked.
The chestnut blight has been carefully looked for in this reserve

but has not yet been found.
MUMMA, WALTER M., Clinton county reserve.
5.5 miles of old roads and fire lines were repaired.
5.5 miles of new roads and fire lines constructed, being extension

of the old system.

A small quantity of dead and down timber and some old hemlock
bark were sold from the reserve and the proceeds sent to the
Department.

One case of trespass was detected and investigated, and settlement
made for the timber removed.

RETAN, GEORGE A., Greenwood Division, Huntingdon county re-
serve.

28.1 miles of old roads and fire lines were repaired and made ac-
cessible.

Improvements were made on buildings on the reserve, as follows:
To the forester's house at Greenwood a back porch was added
the yard filled and graded. Some interior repairs made and
the buildings painted.

The house on the Rnrrville range was repaired, some of the rooms

ceiled, and a porch built.
The ranger's house on Stone Creek was repaired.
At the Griffith house the upper rooms were ceiled, water brought

to the building, and proper drainage made, the yard filled and

graded.

At the range's house at Greenwood a new floor was laid in one
room, and outside chimney built, granary and ice house were
repaired.

A number of fruit trees were planted both at Greenwood and at
the Stone Creek houses.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

87

For the use of stock on the reserve, a small cleared portion w^as
farmed and the following products derived: Two hundred and
ninety bushels of corn on the ear; 230 bushels of oats; 28 bushels
of rye ; 12 tons of hay ; 4 tons of straw.
RUPP, ALFRED E., Franklin-Fulton reserve.

29.8 miles of old roads and fire lines were opened and repaired.
2.3 miles of extension roads and fire lines were completed during

the year.

A system of fire lanes and trails has been prepared for the whole
reserve and will be gradually opened.

Surveying of the exterior boundary of the reserve proceeded dur-
ing the year and several of the divisions were completed.

Stony Batter, the birthplace of James Buchanan, was acquired as
a part of the reserve and is now under the protection of the
State.

The small experimental nursery at Metal, begun by Forester With-
erow in 1908, was continued and will be reported upon else-
where.
SELTZER, JOHN W., Centre county reserve.

43.3 miles of old roads and fire lines were repaired.

14.5 miles of new roads and fire lines, extensions of the old sys-
tem, were completed during the year.
SILVJUS, A. C, Potter county reserve.

5.6 miles of old roads and fire lines were repaired.

One small experimental nursery, containing about 4,000 square
feet, was established.

A small improvement cutting, covering about 30 acres, was made
and material converted into fire wood.
STALE Y, LEWIS E., Mont Alto reserve, Franklin county.

41.9 miles of old roads and trails were repaired and made more
accessible by team.

A few small areas in improvement cutting were covered during the
year.

Dead and down timber in fire killed areas is being removed.
STROBECK, JOHN L., Pike and Monroe county reserve.

11 miles of old roads and fire lines were repaired and made acces-
sible.

1,5 miles of new roads and lines, extensions of the old system, were
completed.

The surveyed boundary line, so far as made, was blazed and care-
fully marked.

One fire observation tower was built during the year.

Improvement cuttings proceeded generally throughout the area
where most accessible. All slashings were lopped to the ground.
Material removed during the process of doing improvement

(»

88

REPORT OP THE

Off. Doc.

work was worked up into mine ties, street railway ties, standard
ties, mine props, and sprags. The proceeds from this work have
been forwardtd to the Department.
Two of the forest rangers have been appointed supervisors by the
court of I'lke county in order that economical and efficient work
might be done u[)on the county roads.

A small area on the Whittaker farm was cultivated for forage to
be used on the reserve.

Improvements and repairs were made at the Whittaker house
Attention is called to the lopping of slashings after improvement

cu ting. One hundred acres were so treated at an expense of

?43.04, or about 43ic per acre.

.A rather unusual business has been developed in the making of

what are known as "sprags." Almost any wood may be em-

ployed and that which is here used would otherwise largely be

ost. Ihe price received for them is sufficient to pay for the

labor and net a small amount besides.

During the year two springs were repaired and walled so that
water may be readily procured from them for fire purposes.

Iwo small experimental nurseries were established for the use of
rangers one on the Albert and the other on the Cortright range
A smal experimental nursery was also established at the Whit
taker place. Germination of seeds has been moderately good
but as the nurseries are improved ,he germinating per Jnt'm

THOMSON, HAKRY A., Hopkins reserve, Clinton county
92.0 miles of old roads and fire lines were repaired.
1.7 miles of new roads and trails were built during the vear
The construction of one ranger's cabin was begun and iieai iy com
pteted This will afford much needed comfort to the ranger wh ^
on distant parts of his area. *

VAIL, H. LAWRENCE, Potter county reserve
15.2 miles of old roads and fire lines were "repaired durin- th.
year and made accessible to travel leu uuiing the

The balance of the work on the reserve, other than planting con
sisted m protective effort and fire fightin- I^^nting, con-

WARFIELD, D. KERR, Mifflin county reserve
30_5 miles of old roads and fire lines were repaired. '

t: Tou\Zr'' "°' ""^^ '"-' -"--^^^ - extensions
"iTeTrt^rtrw"^^ Valley were

With a suitable spring, ^.sxz::::::::,:^ —-

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No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

89

household use, but supplies a roadside watering trough as well.
The drainage of the house was improved and such slight repairs
made to the building as were needed, the most important being
a galvanized iron roof.

A new stable was built on this property, using what suitable ma-
terial remained from the old stable. The re-location of the stable
affords much more sanitary arrangements. What material re-
mained of a usable character was used in the building of a
much needed cabin in Treaster Valley at Bear Gap.

One small experimental nursery was established.

It is desired to make special mention of a fine piece of road, about
a mile and a half in length, built under the direction of Kanger
William Wlrth in Cooper's Gap. Illustrations of the character
of road built are found herein elsewhere. The actual length of
this construction was 7,120 feet, and the amount expended was
$571.11, or approximately 8c per foot for what is now one of
the best roads on the reserve. Careful attention to the details
of road building and road repairs is urged upon all forest
rangers, and this road may well serve as a model.
WELLS, ARTHUR B., Lycoming county reserve.

29.6 miles of old roads and fire lines were repaired during the year.

The rangers on this reserve were mainly engaged in protective
work.

The survey of the exterior boundary was completed.

An acre of land suitable for planting was dynamited in October
and a check acre laid off adjacent to it, both for planting the
coming spring.

A few small wood sales of dead and down material were made and
proceeds forwarded to the Department.
WILLIAMS, JOHN R., Stuart reserve, Somerset and Westmoreland
counties.

11.5 miles of old roads were opened and repaired during the year
and are to be used either as roads for transportation purposes
or for fire lines.

An acre was selected suitable for tree planting and blasted with
dynamite to test the efficiency of this method of stimulating
tree growth, and another acre adjacent untreated will be planted
at the same time, and rate and character of growth studied.

The survey of the exterior boundary of the reserve was begun in
the summer and will be continued until finished. Lines will be
carefully marked and corners re-established.

16 springs were cleaned and walled up so as to be made of use
for fire fighting purposes as well as bettering the stream con-
ditions on the reserve. Each is reached by a path leading from
some nearby highway.

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REPORT OF THE

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No. 26.

About 2,000 acres of the reserve on the Westmoreland county side

m.ssion It IS marked by a single strar.d of wire stretched from
tree to tree and surrounded by a fire lane for pr,.tect on Gam"
Of ^vanous k.nds will be plac.d into the preserve as soon as ^.^o

™eK, RAYMOND 15., Union county reserve.

1 2 mT^r f ' '■"'■"/ '"' ""'^ "'"^'^ ''«^« "^^^ ••'^paired.
1.2 m les of new roads and Hues have been constructed

1 small experimental nursery was e>it.,hi;«i,o,i . . ', '
WITHEROW Torix- T M 7, established during the year.

ties. ' ^'"'■' '''"'''''' P'^'-'-y «»d J"'ii«ta coun-

4.C miles of old roads and fire lines were repaired.

cor;et:dT:.;:;^;r;e:r ^"^-^"-^ -^ '"^ ^"^ «-^-' —

Springs are not numerous, but have been cared for where needed

f?rm "r r/'^"*' ''^•'"^' "" "'^ '••^-•- - «t he noekenbetv
farm, a^sulphur spring 10 feet deep, producing a great To'ume

A number of old buildings on the reserve were tnL-.n i

"r/.;:,r;z,::r,,ri;"'::,T;;,,;;.':, t?, "t -r' ••*

cut Thi« nvfnn 1 I ^"**^ ^^ ^^'^^i* iieigit, were

";r™f ,:' -,r.t r;:;r i'.%r™ ::;,rrT"

IS low, nowhere being over 4%. "^ ^^'^ ^^^^

A small sum was realiypd fmrr, ^u^ i

of an old building? whlhamolth' "h "'V'' ""^ ''^"^^J
Department. ^ ''"' ^'^^^ f"nvarded to the

cof:ri"e"::;t: :lti -viiiTr b'r "- r '- ^-^-

51,300 while pine trees have been 012171?. '' '"" ^''"''' ''''^''■^

nursery begun. The boundary s„C has been c„""f '. ?' ''' ""''"
fully marked. ^ '"^" completed and care-

A number of springs were opened and repaired Aii a
.tantly except one. which fails in extreme droughts "" '°"-

Considerable npairs have been mndp t« ti •,

.M, prop..,,, .^i., „ . .«rlr„^l:t^;,Lr ,,r "°

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

91

On January 1, 1912, 38,601 aeres,'l32.7 perches of additional lands
had been accepted bj the Department and referred to the title ex-
aminer. As the titles are finished and reported on from time to
time, these areas will be added to the reserve holdings. Some of the
areas offered may have to be held over for the correction of title de-
fects, but if the experience of the Department in the past is an in-
dex, in a few months a very large percentage of this area should
be added by purchase.

Generally over the whole reserve area, old roads were brushed out
repaired, or otherwise improved and made suitable for travel by team'
at a cost ranging from |22.00 to $79.20 a mile. Wherever the cost
mounts above |30.00 per mile, it was usually because of bridge build-
ing or extensive fills and grading necessary to make the road more
easily passable.

Fire lines are brushed out to a width of from 12 to 18 feet, occa-
sionally narrower and wider, and at a cost ranging from $11.60 to
?59.14 per mile. The high cost per mile occurred in only a few
special cases for a limited distance, and was due to special condi-
tions and demands in order to make the line most useful. When
fire lines have once been established and the first cost met, the re-
brushing and cleaning out was found to cost from $1.95 to $5.80
per mile.

A statement of the length of roads, trails, and fire lanes newly
constructed, opened, or improved by the Pennsylvania State forest-
ers on the forest reserves from the establishment of the Department
to date:

Mllefl.

Date.

I

1901.
1902,
1903,
1904,
1906,
1906,
1907,
1908,
1909,
1910,
1911,

25

50
100

75

75

80
125
155
633
864
1,159.4

25

75
176
250
325
406
530
685

1.318

2,182

3,341.4

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A FINANCIAL STATEMENT

no^ 1 /• ^^f^"^^^ ^^^ 1901; the Bureau of Forestry Whirh Pra

Foresf rnn^v ^ . "'■ ^^^ ^"■'P"^^ «f Examining into tlie

TLerl!"""*""^ °' *'*^ Commonwealth and Making 'a Eeport

1S?^ p'V"'',!^ J^egislatuie, approved the 23rd day of Mav A T)

^X:^.^ ll' p^rrr "'^ CommonweaUh^ wLtu^hoH.fd
botankt JTn : *" competent engineer and the other a

'ondit ois of the'r'"'"' '° '"^'^ ^" examination into the Tores t
^<^^Z::ii::::';r'-Z^^^ report t,ereon, .ng-

l.as been found practical els^S^ The C.T- "'''' '"^^'^ '"^
to appoint a competent person to a^t Is JZ ■""'"" Tl ^''''''^
r.Om was appropriateiTto p^ h salar s o?2 Co ^ "" "'
and the expenses of their work Commissioners

periods, to-wit from T„t,p i!! ! u ^^" ''^ appropriation

the legLlatu e to June ],t ^^^s^quent to the convening of

chidori in ;. ' *'''° ^■'^"'■« ''ence- All other facts in

eluded ,n th. report are contained within the calendar veLs "ami

J"ne 1st, J893 to June 1st, 1895.
Appropriation for use of the Foreshv Commission to
be expended for salaries and expenses of the ciil

To seniements made t'hereon ' as ' per' 're ^^^'^^^ *"'

ceipted vouchers filed with the Auditor
General,

Unexpended balance ' remaining ' and ' re' ^"'^^ ^^
turned into the Treasury, 5 167 84

120,000 00 120,000 00

Dfsof !."^•'" 'f «'•"'«*"'•«' «PP'-oved the 13th day of March \
IK l«y5, creatine: the DennrtmoTif ^.f \ • ix "^ -warcn, A.

for the appoint.Lnt of a Oommtron;r rf'p^ '^"t"" ''' ""'^^
The services of a clerk. '^""""'^'"""^'^ "^ Forestry, who shall have

B.v Act approved July 3rd, 189.-, the sum of *", non ixn
pnated for the salary of the Commission of Fotr'tTh'; '''".
of two years, and the sum of ,3,000.00 for the Xr^orhi^^S

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^°- 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. 92

A contingent fund for the use of the Department was likewise ap-
propriattd, from which the contingent expenses of the Commissioner
of Forestry were paid under the direction of the Secretary of Agri-
culture. " ^

Expenditures under this appropriation were made as follows:

June 1st, 1895 to June Isr, 1897.

Salary of the Commissioner of Forestry from the date
of his appointment, th- fourteenth djiv of September
1895, to June 1st, 1897, ' |4 284 71

Salary of the Clerk to the Commissioner of Forestry,
from the date of his apj/ointment, the eighth day
of November, 1805, to June 1st, 1897, 2,345 06

Contingent expenses of the Bureau of Forestry, paid
from the Contingent Fund of the Department of Agri-
culture under the direction of the Secretary of Agri-
'"^^""^> 1,253 11

^^^^^^ $7,882 88

June 1st, 1897 to June 1st, 1899.

Salary of the Commissioner of Forestry, $5 000 00

Salary of the Clerk to the Commissioner of Forestry, . . 3,000 00

Contingent Expenses, paid from the Contingent fund of
the Department of Agriculture under the direction of
the Secretary of Agriculture, 4 goo 00

"^^^^^^ $12,800 00

June 1st, 1899 to June 1st, 1901.

Salary of the Commissioner of Forestry at the rate of
$2,500 per annum from June 1st, 1899, to February
25th, 1901, and at the rate of $3,000 per annum from
February 25th, 1901 to June 1st, 1901, 55,125 oi

Salary of the Clerk to the Commissioner of Forestry,. . s'oOO 00

Contingent Expenses paid from the Contingent Fund of
the Agricultural Department prior to February 25th,
1901, and from the Contingent Fund of the newly
created Department of Forestry from February 25th
1901, to June 1st, 1901, '. ; 46^2 76

i.xpenses of foresters, forest rangers, labor and mate-
rials upon the forest reserves 9 298 34

'^^^^^^ $22,086 11

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June Ist, leoi, to June 1st, 1903.

Salary of the Commissioner of Forestry, $6 000 ftn

Salary of the Deputy Commissioner from date of his ap- '

pomtment, the 1st day of April, 1903, to June 1st,

Salary' of clerks, .........[...]'. ^^'^ f^

Contingent expenses, . ^'^^^ ^^

Incidental expenses incurred" f «; VVresiers', ' rang;;s a'nd ^'^^^ ^"

iabor and materials in maintaining forest reserves, 54,621 23

Total,

168,002 59

June 1st, 1903, to June 1st, 1905.

Salary of the Commissioner of Forestry, S6 000 on

Sa ary of the Deputy Commissioner, ... ^g'JJJ ^

Salary of clerks, ^'""" ^^

Contingent expenses, ^'^^^ ^^

Incidental expenses for fores'ters,' 'range^rs,' ' iabo; ' and ''''' ''

materials m the ma„agen«ent of the forest reserves, . . 92,745 71

Total,

?114,420 71

Hal . xu "^""^ ^^^' ^^^°' ^'^ J"°e 1st, 1907.

Sa ary of the Commi.ssioner of Forestry, .... ,..„„„,

Sa ary of the Deputy Commissioner, . .'^'. . . ^''Zl Z

Salary of the clerks, ^'*""' ^^

Contingent expenses' . ^'^^^ ^^

IJoad and school taxes for 1905 and 'iVoe, ■.■.■.■; J'S S

mat!. , "'''"''^ '"'• '''''''''' "•-«-«' lab;r' and '

™s '.""'■"' " ''^ management of the fo J

124,577 51

Total,

1205,421 51

June 1st, 1907, to June 1st, 1909.
Salary of the Commissioner of Forestry

Salary of the Deputy Commissioner, . ^t'T. T

Salary of clerks ^'000 00

Contingent expenses ^'000 00

i^xpenses members Commission", " ." ^'^^^ 42

Expenses incurred for foresters ^'^"^ *''

Expenses incurred for rangers ' ^^'^*^ •'^

Expenses incurred for labor, .' ^^'^^^ ^^

Expenses incurred for trees and tree\eed. ^^'^^^ ^

tree seeds, ^g^g ^

^°- ^*- DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. 95

Expenses incurred for surveys, „ oq^ „,

Expenses incurred for draftsmen, .... o'qsn nl

Expenses incurred for horses and wagons, "!."."." 2 oS 11

Incidental expenses, ' , ^'^ ^^

Examination of titles, ....:::::::::::::;: JS??

Road and school taxes for 1907 and 1908, .'.".■.■.■.■; 71^539 33

Total, ~~; •

1266,294 80

June 1st, 1909, to June 1st, 1911.

Salary of the Commissionery of Forestry, S6 000 on

Salary of the Deputy Commissioner, . . tflZ

Salary of clerks, ... ^'^^^ ^^

Contingent expenses, .",." t'ZVel

Expenses of members of the commission, ".".".".■.■ 0Z7 9I

Expenses incurred for foresters, .ai' f

Expenses incurred for rangers, Z'tt- A

Expenses incurred for surveys ' 01 7^9 79

Expenses incurred for draftsmen, .... ^'.tl 't

Expenses incurred for labor, ^ZZZ, „„

incidental expenses, ! ."i .".".".".■.•:.•.••■• ' 59 089 ll

Examination of titles, ' ^^

Koad and school taxes' for 190*9 and 1910,' .* .' ! .* .* .' .' .' .* .' .* .' fg^H gj

Total,

Road and school taxes for" 19n: ■p"ai"d "from "JuCr'ent" ap- ^ ' ""

propnation ^

; $36,169 48

Summary.

The first commission, June 1, 1893, to June 1, 1895, . . fl4 832 16
.he Bureau of Forestry in the Agricultural Depart-

ment, June 1, 1895, to June 1, 1899, 20 682 ss

The Bureau of Forestry and the new Department June ' ''

1, 1899, to June 1, 1901, 22086 11

The Department of Forestry, June 1, 1901, to June "l
1911, '

Purchase of land "from" "the" "beginning" of" p"u"rch"as;s " i^ ^^''^^^ ^'
June 1, 1911, 9J,1.27.', aces, 19.04 perches, @ |2.251

per acre (average price), 2 lis 7-?7 ift

Road and school taxes on same from 1905 to 1911 " "in" ' '

elusive, '

234,032 10

Total

' ""■ ?3,295,897 40

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Disregarding interest, the total investment the Commonwealth
has made m her forestry worlc since the beginning of her efforts
and covering a period of about twenty years, represents an expendi-
ture for lands amounting to |3.50 per acre. Today this land is
easily worth an average price of six dollars per acre, sliowing a net
profit in assets held amounting to $2,351,746.60. In addition the
State has all the well-known collateral benefits conferred and se
cured by her inchoate forests. Surely Pennsylvania has lost nothing
by ven luring early into work of practical forestry

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

The Oaiiip Sanaloiiuiu at Mont Alto.

The Commissioner of Forestry, by means of private subscriptions,
had previously established a small camp sanatorium on the top of
he South Mountain, four miles from Mont Alto Station, in Frank-
lin county, and maintained it by means of private contributions until
available' ^^^^' '''''*'° '"' "PP"'"?"''*'*'" ^y ^he Legislature became

A subsequent appropriation at the session of 1905 was made for

he maintenance of this camp, and it was continued under the direc

Hon of the Commissioner of Forestry until June 1st, 1907, when bv

action of the Legislature, it was transferred to the newlv created

unZTV I!^"'*"- , ^"'-« *'- fo- year period the camp was
under the direction and management of the Commissioner of For-
estry, the appropriations made for its use were as follows:

June 1st, 1903, to June 1st, 1905, $8 000 00

June 1st, 1905, to June 1st, 1907, is^'ooo 00

'^°*^^' f 23,000 00

In addition to the appropriations made by the Legislature for
this purpose, and which were fully expended, contributions were re-
ceived from numerous private sources toward the maintenance of the
oamp. Indeed, it is true that the camp would on numerous occa-
s:ons have fallen into great distress had there not been any such
private contributions of money and material which enabled it to
c,>ntinue its work. A statement by the Commissioner of Forestry,

fonr . ". i '''''"■'"^ ^^^ "'''■'■"•^ ^'•"'" 1001 t» December 31st

1906 and recorded m a report of this Department for the vears
lOOoC, at page 126, shows all contributions which came from private
sources and the use made of the same; also a Ust of donations of

No. 26.

— . »xv i maiN I u*- FORES TRY. j^

material, clothing, books, etc., made by friends of fh.

reported in the same report at page 135 No .iff Z^^' """^

materials were received snbsequen't t Zt Zlrt "' """'^ ''

The Forest Aoademj.

Commissioner of Forestrv wn« h.-. . I . ^' ^' ^'^erem the

J. uiLsrry was directed to nurclmw cii!+oi.i„ i, -u

Reservi, at Mont Alto J71J , ' '"'"'"t '» Ike Forest

<«.- tie same wa, K « „, T?'' """"."^ """'"'■ '"" P"" VM

Buildings.
June 1st, 1903, to June 1st, 1905.
liepairs to buildings,

?500 00

June 1st, 1907, to June 1st, 1909.

Buildings,

15,000 00

June 1st, 1909, to June 1st, 1911.
i'Uildmgs, . .

Furniture, . .

Laboratory, . 12,999 92

999 87

" 3,999 79

Total, ....

135,498 70

Maintenance.
June 1st, 1903, to June 1st, 1905

June 1st, 1905, to June 1st 1907 *^^'^^^ ^^

June 1st, 1907, to June 1st' 1909^ ^^'^^^ ^^

^'une 1st, 1909, to June Ut 19l/ ^^'^^^ ^^

' ' 19,999 90

Total, —

?54,099 90

7—26--1911

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REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

Revenues from the State Forest Reser

ves.

Because of the character of the land necessarily purchased for
forest reserves, large revenues could not be expected until these
lands have been reforested and are in a condition to produce matl
nal capable of being disposed of in the market. Money reel's
rom the reserves must, therefore, continue at a minimum until such
t.me as marketable material in large quantities may be produced.

In the meantime, the reserves are affording protection to water-
sheds, to streams, and are augmenting the flow of springs thus
domg increasingly useful work among the other wild lands of the
Commonwealth. They afford shelter to game animals and game
birds, and most valuable of all, to our inscetiverous birds and are
even now holding soil which would otherwise be eroded and washed
into the beds of the streams. "asuea

Tliere is, however, a constant return of money from the reserves

;;::f inras"'*^ '""""'°^ ^''"^ '' -''' "^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ -'-uT:::

AH reserve revenues as soon as received are paid directly into

e J^u r"'^' '° ^"'"•d"'"^^ ^ifh the Act of Assembly. In
the matter of revenue, our forest reserves must not be conmared

ithed .r ';• '""''° ^"""^"'^^ ^"^'^ ^"-^-^ ^^^ -^ - esTab
.shed (hing for generations, and where mature forests are c.mstantlv

being cut. the material sold in the market, and new fores s^t J

here the old ones stood. Pennsylvania will undoubtedly reach

this stage in her forestry experience at some time, and that period

stand now to be found upon the reseiTes, the efforts at reforesting
«nd the protection of forests. reioresung,

For the year 1900, «i 007 07

For the year 1901, ^i'", Zl

For the year 1902, .■.■.;; J'^J ^^

For the year 1903, ;;■ J'!g JJ

For the year 1904, , 'IJ' J-

For the year 1905, :;:;:;• Jf ^ ^J

, For the year 1906, J^JJ JJ

For the vear 1907 '

For the Kar 1908,' .■■.■.■.■.■.■.■.■.■:::::::: JS S

For the year 1909, .'.■.■.■.■.■.■.'.■.■ 5,267 n

Total of receipts for the period covered |34,835 77

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FOREPTRY.

99

For the year 1910, bv resprvPQ +i.^
partment from State landra^i^^^^^^^ '^"^^' '' *^^ ^^

Eeserve.

Caledonia,

Cameron county ' ^^^^ '^^

Centre countj, ^^^ ^^

Clinton countj . . ^^^ ^^

Franklin-Fulton, ^'^^^ ^^

Hopkins, ^ ^^

Huntingdon countj, ^^ ^^

Ljcoming countj 1,300 71

Mont Alto, . . . / 265 43

McElhattan, .... ^>11^ 13

Miffiin countj, .........' ^^ ^^

Pike countj, * * ^ 00

Potter countj, ^ ^^

Pennjpacker, ' * ' ^^ 00

Kothrock, 4 40

Stone, .!.!.!. '^^ ^0

Snjder county ^^^ '^^

' 1 00

Total, . . .

$9,176 09

For the year 1911, the receipts from the reserves are as follows-

Iteserve.

Caledonia,

Cameron county i^SO 67

Centre countj, ^^^ ^0

Clearfield countj 115 74

Franklin-Fulton, 253 02

Greenwood, ^^

Hopkins, 17 60

Huntingdon countj, 145 16

Ljcoming countj . . 1,048 96

Mont Alto, . . ' 15 00

Monroe, 2,163 60

McClure, ..........*' ^09 62

Pennjpacker, ... ^^ 75

Potter countj, 164 93

I^othrock, 5 00

Snjder countj 16 00

Stone, .... ' 49 02

384 27

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REPORT OF THE off. Doc.

J!"^""*' 64757

Tioga county, 212 36

Union county, u S3

_ , , ^°^^'' 16,460 08

Total receipts from the State Forest Reserves dur-
ing period covered by this report, f 15,636 17

Total receipts to December 31st, 1911, 50,471 94

REPOETS OF THE STATE FOREST NURSERIES.

1910-1911.

The Mont Alto Nursery, 1910.

The nursery soil, the most difficult problem for this nursery is
constantly Improving. The use of rye and cowpeas assist in making
the soil light and porous. The plan of keeping at least an acre in
green manure is continued and has added to the improvement The
present clay soil is too heavy and stiff for the successful growth of
coniferous seedlings, but this difficulty is being remedied. All ma-
nure from the Academy stables is now being utilized in the work.
A better condition of soil will decrease the cost per thousand in grow-
ing seedlings. ^

In addition to the green manuring practice, commercial fertilizers
are used. A fertilizer experiment plot is maintained and the kind
and amount of mixture to be employed is determined from this plot
Large quantities of compost have been prepared for next year's

A considerable quantity of seed is collected from the locality and
IK sent by friends of the work to the nursery for trying out This
forms a part of the experimental work being conducted. During the
year we have thus employed 24J pounds of western white pine 25
pounds of bird cherry, 2 pounds of cucumber, and 12 pounds of black

The cucumber seed bed was allotted to the eln.ss in silviculture
because ,t ,s reported that these trees cannot be raised profitably for
lorest planting. Negative results were had from the b^ck ash and

lar afdT" .r ^^'•'"'"«"«° »' *•>« ^^^^-n white pine was irregu
lar and the seedlings were able to make only a minimum amount of

^°- '■"''■ DEPART.MENT OP FORESTRY. k,^

.wood fibre The cost of the seed and the work necessary for th„
experiment is charged to experimental work, apartZm S ZTy

.ptrbU:tzt;:: ^s^r -^ '"^ '-'- -^ -'^^' —

For earlj spriDg growth, in the fall of lOOQ fh^ f n •
were sown: "^' ^^^ following seeds

Ked ash,

White ash, ...., * pounds.

Eed oak, * ^^ pounds.

I^ock oak, ^ bushels.

White oak, ^ bushels.

Black walnut ^^ bushels.

_,. ' iOO bushels.

This was supplemented by the spring sowing of

i^uropean larch, . . ^

Norway spruce, . . ^ pounds.

White pine, ?^ pounds.

350 pounds.

iVad'duL^aVar^aT- ;?;. '' '"'^"''^'^ "' ''' "«^ ^^ --•
during the ril I wa ■;; 7"7' '''' ^''' '^^^^^'^ *« ^"e nursery

Previ.^sly it , ad been sowu'T "'T' ""'^ '""''^^ "P '"*« "eds

arei tmLfi ° ^^ '"•''^ "^'J crimson clover. Into thi«

.•.corn, were ob,.,„ed f,„„ „cK,.„ .Jt^. loL^' "^ '""'

j^.^..a,„ ,„.„.^, „, „,., e.:,tr ^,.r win ,t"

e part of the work rennirpH h^..^ ;« ^ . ,

which

keen

fungous diseases, the han.lH^rg'o'f":;;!:' Zl^Z^ ^'-n insects and
tion of humus into the soil »nil,h.ng, and the introduc-

«.-ea and the coTv J^ " ^eS S ^^ r 'Z^Z

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REPORT OF THE off. Doa

lin^li-^.' ^'"■^'*'** Of handling the large numbers of seed

rnute^^Talrd'lnTr-t '' '' '"^'^ "^ ^^'^^ .atheJedVrt
'^^'^' plastered, and contains a concrete floor Water onr.

^u^Ae^;!'"" "" ^"^" ^'^^ ^^ ^ -'-«>'« '»<^<i"ion to'the nurse"
In order to admit more light and air to that ^idp ^f ^i.

:^^:^^x^'''-' - ^-p-.r;utting nrs

an area ot about 2^ acres was cleared of stones and brush

sizt of r °'^ '"''^^ ""''' '^•i""^^^ because of the increased

' 000 /?' ""'r''^- '''"'' ^"^'•^ «'«'Je for this purpose luS
^,000 stalves and 4,000 cross niecM Ti,^ .+oi ' "^^"'""S

lath were sawed out on the reserve ' """'' ^'''^^' "'^'^

The cost during the year is as follows:

Lumber, (Orodited to reserve), . -,„ ,.,

Seed, 546 40

Other supplies^ ..'.'.".'.'.'' ■ ^^^ ^^

Tools 38 39

Buildings, ■.■.■.■.■.:.■; : ^ise

Maintenance (which ■indud;s ' all" salaries' and ^^" ^^

whfw! iT-o i"'""^""*' ""'' '«»*«'•)' $3,906.34 (of
Which |lo8.76 was contributed in student la-
bor).

Shipments for the year 1910 were as follows:

Coniferous trees.

White pine, 2 years old, .q. onn

Scotch pine, 1 year old, ^H'lZ

Scotch pine, 2 years old, Yol

Eup. larch, 1 year old, '^,,"

Eup. larch, 2 years old, ^""

Norway spruce, 2 years old, .....' .' ,^00 -, « . ,

' -5,000 010,475

Broad Leaf Trees.
White ash (including one year old, ;? year
old, and 4 yes - old transplants,, ' mn n-

Bed ash, .. '"^'""'

Honey locust, ....'.'.'.'.'..'.[ J^^"

Sugar maple ( transplants) , ..'.'.' '^J"

Sugar maple (seedlings), ""'■.■■■ 26 800

No 2fi

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. ^qI

Black walnut, . . .

California privet ^^'^^^

White oak, . . . / ^^'^^^

Ked oak, .'......... ^^^^^

Chestnut oak, ^'^^^

Black locust, ^^^^^

Willow cuttings ^^^^^

' 4,000 189,154

Total, all trees shipped ' *

^ ^ ' 699,629

ontnS: "' **' ''' ^"^ ^'•^ '-^-"^-^ ^^o.ea the following stock

Coniferous Trees.

WhUe Se \ T" ?''""»"' (estimated),. . 1,250,000

Wh te Tne 2^^ *'""«P'«'^t«. 100,000

vvnite pme, 2 years seedlings (heeled in

for spring shipment), .... oro a-t^

White pine, 2 year transplants," .' .' .' .' [ ] ] [ ] [ 'IHH

Whi te pme, 3 year transplants, 'T,

"ated),'''""' ' '''' ''"'''''^' («««•

Norway s'pruce, 1 year' transplants,' .' .' .' .' .' ." IZIZ

Norway spruce, 2 year transplants ... {Tr,

Eup. larch, 1 year seedlings, .... ' IfJl

Eup larch,! year transplants,... ::::::■ I'Z

Austrmn pine, 1 year transplants, j^oZ

■ Broad Leaf Trees.

White ash, one year seedlings, .... in 49-

Bed ash, one year seedlings, JoS

Sugar maple, ,me year seedlings, fi'nS

S: rf: '.'" '''' '""^^'^°*^' • • • • • • 'S

Black walnut, ^^^

Chestnut oak ^'^^^

Tnlip, three yearsold,' .* ^'T

' 37 2,216,087

Cuttings.

Basket willow,

California privet ^^'^^^

' 30,000 126,000

Total stock on hand at the end of the ' '
.vear 1910, ..

2,342,087

104

'. i.:

REPORT OF THE
Mont Alto Nursery, 1911.

Off. Doc.

On March 1, ion, Tom O. Bietsch was assigned to Mont Alto to

iJoTk '^^ °' ^^^ °"'''"'^' f°""^^'°g the resignation of Ralph E.

The winter of 1910-11 was most disastrous for stock in this nurs-

vere had. The heaving of the rather heavy soil of the nurserv badiv

heaved out the 300,000 one year old white pines and NorwaTspruc s

ransplanted the previous fall, in spite of the fact that tLrwere

untransplanted one year l^^J'Z J ^ h J^^rg^^^t":
mong t e transplants. Two year white pines heeled in for p an inj
uru,g the sprmg were also badly heaved. This experiment acies

Win btZrn':! " "^ '-' '' -' ''' '-^ ^'- - -'-and
The spring planting of white pine and Norway spruce seed ^pp

^nirwUh'w'"; '': "''-'' "-"^ ''-' thunL'stoiratfm
jan.ed with wind and an unusual downpour of rain, followed by

. rought, caused heavy lo.^s. By reason of excessive m;isture damp

ng off was troublesome; but in spite of all the accidents and aU un-

toward influences, the nurseiy for this year has made a satisfactor;

The red oak acorns planted in the fall of 1910 and four bushels
additional planted in the spring of 1911, produced 210,000 seed int

Because of the excellent germination, the cost of production wi'

low. Spring and fall planting seemed to show results equally good

T e resu ts thus far obtained in broad leaf stock compa ed with

on.ferous trees, prove that the nursery is better adapted to g^ow

ng hardwood seedlings than conifers. When the soil hns ^I

brought to the point where it will produce the coulters saisttor^

we may look for better results from every kind of planting. Du, „.

his year straw and paper were used as mulches Suring^he gZ'

nating period. It was found that straw produces better ;esultstha;

rarison of the expense accounts. In order to arrive at fair esti
n:Zl\ r' ""' ''"'"'"■"^ ^^^•"'°««' ^'^ -PitalL ion f e

trs^Tdetanrtor ""^^ " '''''' ^-'"^'"^ ''^ -- ^---

^°- ^^' DEPARTMENT OP FORESTRY. ^^5

^he'':;;:^;^^ ''"''' "" '''' '^^ '""--« P-tings were made at

White pine seed, ot«

Norway spruce seed, ... 350 pounds.

European larch seed, , „ pounds.

Scotch pine seed ^^ pounds.

Red pine seed, . .' ^* pounds.

Eed oak acorns ^ pounds.

California privet cuiting^; ' ^ ^^' ^^ I ^ i::! Ii;; Isq^^ '"''''^''•

In the fall of the year 1911 the following plantings were made:

Black walnuts (unliulled), .. rn » r. ,

Tulip, ^^ bushels.

Black cherrj^ . ^^ pounds.

White ash, ^^ quarts.

Black ash,'. '^^ pounds.

White oak, ^^ pounds.

4 bushels.

yelXZ':rSnolT '■""' '"^ "•"■^^'^ ^'-'"^ ^- -^P^'-g Of the

Coniferous Trees.

White pine, 2 years old, ,„„,_-

White pine, 3 years old, .... ^^J'J^J

Norway spruce, 1 year old, ^'„^"

Norway spruce, 3 years old, ... '"."

Eup. larch, 2 years old, .. . , f!"

I,lo0

Broad Leaf Trees.

Black walnut, 1 year old, .... , „..

Red maple, 1 year old, ... 'if^"

Honey locust, 1 year old, ... I^"

Red ash, 1 year old, ..^"i*

White a.sh, 1 year old, .. . ^t'T.

White ash, 3 years old 'l'^

Chestnut oak, 1 year old, ,ZZ

White oak, 1 year old ',„„

Sugar maple, 1 year old , „""

Sugar maple, 2 years old, .... ,'"""

Tulip, 3 years old, ^'^l^

Willow cuttings, . . „ ^

^ ' 8,800 372,974

i

106

REPORT OF THE r^„ ^

On. Doc

In the fall of the year 1911, the following shipments were made-

Coniferous Trees.

White pine, 1 year old, -, .^.

White pine, 2 jears old, ..... 'Iz

White pine, 3 yeai^ old, ... . ^f,l

Norway spruce, 1 year old, . . " * ^t^

Norway spruce, 2 years old, . . t^-

Eup. larch, 2 years old, . . f"^

^ 105

Broad Leaf Trees.

Red oak, 1 year old, ^^^^^

Buttonwood, 1 year old, . ,^l

White ash, 1 year old, -^.

Black cherry,

White elm, ..'.!.!!.....**.'* ^^

Willow cuttings, ^^

^' 10,000 51,350

Total shipments for the vear ' "

^ ' 424,324

'ir^^liolTn t^l ''""''''' ^'^ ''^ '--**>'7 ^•'owed the follow-

Coniferous Trees.

White pine, 1 year old ,„.„..

White pine, 2 years old "'""^

WhifP r.ir.1 / , ' 100,000

White pme, 1 year old and 1 year trans-

planted,

White pine, 3 years old, ' .' .' ." .' ? J'^

Norway spruce, 1 year old, ... , „„'""„

Norwayspruce, 1 year ;id, and ry;ar '"'"

transplanted,

Norway spruce, 2 years old,' .*;.'.;;;; . J J'???

Eup. larch, 2 years old, . . ^^^\^?^

Scotch pine, 1 year old, ... ^t^^

5,000

Broad Leaf Trees.
Red oak, 1 year old, ..

California privet, 1 yearold,' : .' ! .' .' \''2

Willow cuttings ^^''^^^

21,000 946,150

lo^:,7eZ! "'"^" '"^'°^ '"'^ ^-^ «- -P-ented by the fol-

llZl" "'!''.'";' '''"'' '*''^'"^' • • • • »« 00

Water System (Sinking Fund),' .' .' .' .' .' .' .' .' .' .' fg H

^°' ^^' IJEPARTMENT OP FORESTRY.

Consumable Supplies ^"^

Tools (Sinking Fund)' ^^ ^^

Shades, (Sinking Fund) ^^ *^

t^Cakes ( Sinking Fund ) ' ^^^ ^^

«traw (Sinking Fundi -" ^"

50 00 |3;{i 70

««*<!-

1-abor: r>ay Ifoll 516 25

Students, ....".".'.'.' *^'098 37

Forester '( y months ) ^'^ '^^

^'' • 900 00 2,246 12

Total nursery .xpense during 1911 " "

^ -'^' • • • • *2,894 07

TPIE ASAPH NURSERY, 19io.
Work for the season opened th« fi>)„i

iral concrete reservoir 40 flet rdiamef ""'''''•' ^'"'"P'''''^^ ""-^ <^en-
on a hill above the nursery. The fa Hs ?-' /".' ' '''' '^^P' ^«<=«ted
3 f^t under ground extends tt fen^h "^^^^^^^^ ^ ^'"^'^ '»-° Pipe
«'de pipes branch at every 120 feet fvL °"'"'^''^- ^ne inch

von- by a hydraulic ram from Aslph Zn '' '"^^"^*^ '« *^« ^—

Asaph Eun. ' ^^"^^ ^"^^^^ <ian^er of overflow from

Seven acres additional were hrntpn , ^ •
"em readiness for addition " e nu J LtZ ^'^ ~° '''' '^"^

During the season seed for nurserv nlln. ^""^ "' ^^"•
'^""ows: nursery planting was gathered, as

I^ed oak,

Sugar maple, ... *>458 pounds.

Beech, ■ 379 pounds.

Tulip, ■■••••• 329 pounds.

Black cherry, H pounds.

127 pounds.

!«

ji

!.K

^"8 REPORT OP THE Off. Doc.

For covering the coniferous seedlings in the bed as a winter pro-
tection, 8,000 bushels of pine needles were gathersd and used for
this purpose.

The seed planted in the nursery during the year was as follows:

^••it^ pine, 551^ po^jjjjg

^''^e'' P'ne, 10 pounds.

European larch, jq pounds.

Norway spruce, 20 pounds.

Norway spruce (uncleaned), 5 pounds.

!,7*f Pj«' 19 pounds.

^•"^e ««•»' 45 pounds.

Sugar maple, 3 pounds.

Black cherry, 53 p^^^^^

^^*^'P"' i pound. 716i pounds

^ ^^^hipments of stock from the nursery during the year were as fol

Coniferous Trees.

White pine, 3 years Old, 246,586

White pme, 2 years old, 5 qqq

Norway spruce, 3 years old, * ' * ' ^j^qq

Eup. larch, 3 years old, * * * g'^Qg

Broad Leaf Trees.

American elm, 2 years old, 225

American elm, 1 year old, ! 25 864

Red oak, 1 year old, * * " 4 g^^

Honey locust, 1 year old, * * * 25 775

American chestnut, 1 year old, 975

Black cherry, 1 year old, '. . . 475

White ash, 1 year old, 1 530

Black walnut, 1 year old, '90

Total seedlings removed during the year, 335 463

During the fall of this year it was estimated that seedlings fit for
planting on the reserve and ready to be removed in the spring of 1911
would be represented by the numbers contained in the following
tab e. Of the other seedlings not yet ready for final planting no
further inventory was made.

Coniferous Trees.

White pine, 2 years old, gQ qqq

White pine, 3 years old, 250000

White pine, 4 years old, 2 vears trans*

I^^^^*^^' 2,500

^°* ^^' DEPARTMENT OP FORES TFIY.

White pine, 4 years old, 1 year trans-
planted,

Eup. larch, 3 years old,* .*.*.*.'.* J^JJIJJ

Scotch pine, 2 years old, .* .* *• 00 nnn

Norway spruce, 2 years old, 1 and 2 years

transplanted, ..

' 2,000

Broad Leaf Trees.
Black cherrv, 1 vear old

White ash, i ye^r old, .'..■.■.■; ^"'JJH

Ked oak, 1 year old, ^JJJ

American elm, 1 and 3 years old, . .' .' ZZ

American elm, 2 years old. 1 year trans-

planted,

800

109

369,300

THE ASAPH NURSEBY, 1911.

The excessive drought dm-ino ih;.,
llita maiirer. """•">•'> »' «««ll,„g, ,ere Uandied ,„icklj i„

-™ l":r/: ;tw :'„,r" Trs""'" '» "r ""•■«»' -' "■• -'■

.pplled „lce. r llTe , lie „,ll ?,.'"" "" "*•""«'"' ""

Ihe gathering of seed Th^v tm T "''"'^•^•^ «''eatly facilitates

..»,., .e,,, f,t„T?.„ s;;; :i:rr "• "" '"""'"■■■ •"

^^^ ' REPORT OF THE ^«. ^

Off. Doc.

During the year the following se.ds were gathered:

White ash,

Sugar maple, ... ^^^ pounds.

Black cherry, ... ^^^ pounds.

Chestnut, ...'... ^^^ pounds.

Hickory, . . ^^ pounds.

White pine (uncleaned)V .' .* tl P^"^^«-

^' oO pounds.

Jv^n, the .year 1911, „. fo„o.,„, ,eeds were planted in the

European larch, .

Norway spruce ^ pounds.

Eedpine, .. \ 27J pounds.

Pitch pine, '^* pounds.

White pine, ^* pounds.

Scotch pinj, . ' ^^^ pounds.

Sugar maple, . ^^ pounds.

American ash, . . ^'^^ pounds.

Honey locust, ^^ pounds.

Black Walnut, . . ^* ^^ pounds.

Tulip, ^^ pounds.

Red oak, ^^ pounds.

Black cherry, . ^'^^^ pounds.

Beech, [[] ^^^ pounds.

71 pounds.

Total weight of seeds planted, 3,28^7^^;;^

During the year the following shinmento nt ^^aj-
from this nursery: snipments of seedlings were made

Coniferous Trees.

White i)ine, 2 years old, «. „„„

White pine, 3 years old, „^*'2??

White pine, 4 years old, .... ^^^f^

Scotch pine, 2 years old, ,, ^^^

Scotch pine, 3 years old, [['" ' 'I

Eup. larch, 2 years old, „^

Eup. larch, 3 years old, ' ZZ

Norway spruce, i years old, It

Norway ..pn.ce, 4 years ,,1,1. hansplanVod oo,-,

lialsam fir, 4 years old, "":, '

' olO

Broad Leaf Trees.

Honey locust, 1 year old , ,„.

Red oak, 1 year old. .l']Z

Black cherry, 1 year old, '.'.'.'.['.[.'. 27,010

No 9R '

DEPARTMB.XT OF FORESTRY.

White ash, 1 year old, „„ ,„„

White ash, 2 years old, ::::::;•••• Ij'lZ

Sugar maple, 2 years old, ... ' ' ' ' I'"^^

American elm, 2 years old, .... ^'^"„

American elm, 3 years old, . . '„ "

Catalpa, 2 years old, transplanted,' .■.■.■;■'■ Ill

Carolina poplar, (derived from cuttingsV. 12 470,889

fouiVto%rai;^n^rnrs;r;"tYetr" ^''^ '^''^' ^'^^ --

suitable for planting durinJZ as n of'iT'v'T ^ "" ''"'' "^

of available stock to remain in t. e „ • fver^he "^^ """^'""•^
taken. "'»i.i.> over ttie next season was

Coniferous Trees.

Norway spruce, [i year old tran.splauts

from 2 year seedlings, . . ^

Norway spruce, 5 year old transplants from '

-^ year seedlings, .

White pine, 3 year oid ' i;an;piants" "from ^^"

-^ year seedlings, .

Scotch pine, 3 year oid transplants 'from '2 '"'*

year seedlings, .

*" 1,752

Broad Leaf Trees.
Ked oak, 1 year old, ...

Black cherry, 1 year old, .■.■.■.' ,'2

Honey locust, 1 year old, t'lZ

American elm, 2 years old, .;.■.■ ^J^nn

Sugar maple, 2 years old, ... , '„"„

White oak, 2 years old, . ^'f"

White ash, 2 years old, ^^^

450 353,895

THE GRKENWOOD NURSERY, 1910.

In this nursery during the vear IQin a(\ f„„ *
8

^If

i!»

r t

^ I

HEPORT OP THE ^

At ih /i ^°^'

The following seeds were sown:

White pine,

Scotch pine, ; ^^^ pounds.

Pinus pondemsa, ^ pounds.

Englemann spruce, ^ pounds.

Douglas fir, ^^ pounds.

J-odgepole ]>ine, ^ pounds.

Western catalpa, ^ pound.

White ash, ' i pound.

Ked oak, 2 pounds.

2J bushels.

The following shipments of voun^ stort fn.
made during the season: ^ ""^ ""^'^"^^ I^^^^^ing were

White pine, 2 years old, .

White ash, 2 years old, . 131,683

Black locust, ' 380

300

Total shipments,

' 132,363

-» =:r':jr?rjr,r ::,?■=' -- '- -

A. .h. »a o, ,le ,„„,„, „„„, ,,, ,^„^^^.^^ ^^^^^ ^^__ ^^ ^^^^^

Coniferous Trees.
White pine, 2 years old,

White pine, 1 year old, 1,100,000

Scotch pine, 2\years old, 800,000

Scotch pine, 1 year old, ^^^^^^

Pitch pine, 2 years old, '. ^'^^0

Pinus ponderosa, 1 year old ^^'^^^

Lodgepole pine, 1 year old ' ^>^^^

Englemann spruce, 1 year old ^^^

I>ouglas fir, 1 year old, ' 450

' • • • . 1,000

Broad Leaf Trees.

Western catalpa,

White ash, " 450

300

Total stock in nursery ~~

' 1,960,000

T

f

1^

H

l!

k »

\

li

4

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

118

THE GREENWOOD NURSERY, 1911.

II

Hi

31

itserve early m the year during the illness of Forester Kraft an,!

ThV o'llt ""' "? '''"^^ "'""•"'-'*^ Pennanently in eha^ '
ofl sisor' ""^'^ ^"" ^'^"^^' ^'^ ^''^^ '^"--^ '^^ the beginning

White pine, ,„.

Scotch pine, ... . 100 pounds.

Red pine, 5 pounds.

3 pounds.

voJr''' hZT^T": "' T'^ '" '''' ""^^^"-y ^«« unsatisfactory this
r H K ! ^""^ *^'"°"^''* ^^^""'^ **■« Pl'^nts «t the critical time foT
lowed by heavy rains and considerable washing of the beds There
-.vas also an attack made upon the seedlings b^ cut wonns and Jun

r::7^:z^^;^:^^:::^ -- -'■ '^'- ^>-----or

Shipments from the nursery during (he season were as follows:

White pine,

T^„„, *f • 790,950

Longleaf pme, '

Scotch pine, /'^"''

pj. ■ . ' 44,050

Fitch pme „

^ ' 21,250

Total shipments of stock, ScTlSO

Because of the unfavorable season, the nursery this year shows a
decreased y eld. A considerable portion of the area was also requTreJ

onditLTso"tr?"T *"" '"^"" "^ ^''^"- ^''-^ --^ -^-'C
condition, so that a decreased area for seeding resulted

^^^Inventory at the end of the season showed the following stock on

Coniferous Trees.

White pine, 2 years old, ^gg^o

White pine, 1 year old, 550 000

Pinus ponderosa, 2 years old, l^md

Scotch pine, 2 years old, ^JVoO

Scotch pine, 1 year old, :::::;; g-'^o^

Red pine, 1 year old, ^^\^^^^

&— 26— 191 1

f

u

h »

i

tu

ii '^J

114

REPORT OP THE

Off. Doc.

Broad Leaf Trees,
lied oak, 2 years old, .

Western catalpa, 2 years'old* ^'^^^

White ash, 2 years old, . . ^^^

Total trees in nursery ^'^^^

•^' 868,766

A determined effort wn« mo^i^ +u-
Of the soil ,a „„. ."IJn "le ui:rr.'r '^"" ^'^^ ^-'^"--
increase tLe intiogeu conten? ^ ",. •"""■" ""^^ ^^^^^'Pea^ to
of the soil has resulted " ''' i'-proveinent in the texture

A couiparison of di-i]! and bro-,rl,.n..f • •
that the broadcast mowing giverllr/''^^? '"^'^ "'"'^^'-^ P^ves
The cost of weeding is at iSst in!ll , T"'* '^*"' *^« ^^^^^ <=<>«*.
reduced. ^ "'*^ increased, but later becomes greatlj

In addition to the seeds planted in th.. h,„
year 1910, the following seeds we.l,.", T '"""""■'•^•^ ^""°8 ^^^e

-all experimental nurseril Tr di? i't -In/o 7'''" •^"'^'' '° *''-'•

uiiectij into the reserves-
J»ryner:

^ It)s. eatalpa.

8J bushels black walnuts
Byers;

5 pounds white pine.

1 pound Scotch pine.

1 pound Norway spruce.

1-6 pound catalpa.
Conklin, K. G.: . ' -

15 pounds white pine.
2 pounds Norway spruce.
5 pounds white ash.
8 bushels white oak.

4 bushels rock oak.
Miner:

1-10 bushel red oak.
SilWus:

5 pounds white pine.
Strobeck ;

H pounds white pine
Witherow:

12 bushels black walnuts.

During: the vpir ion • i^. .

esters by the i;e;artmnt;t"he11':-.:V'" "''* ^"■•"''^'-'^ "- 'or-
and planted in their nurse r es i 7 .^ ' ^'"'^'"""^ "" <•'« reserves
Wise planted into perraTent IJsUion o'Tr' '" '"^^ ""«' ^ »*»-
--^ - made b. forestr^a B;:Tscrr W. t^^^t^t

No 2fi

■• • DEPARTMENT OF FORESfRY ^jg

tions were as follows: vv inter. By species, the collec-

Coniferous.

White pine,

Pitch pine, 1^ pounds.

2.5 pounds.

Broad Leaf.

l^ed oak,

Black walnut, ^^-^ bushels.

Black cherry, 121.5 bushels.

White oak, .\ ^-^ bushels.

Butternut, * ^ bushels.

Bock oak, ^-^ bushels.

Tulip, ,.,...., ^ bushels.

White ash, ^^ pounds.

Black ash, ^^^ pounds.

Sugar maple, ^^ pounds.

Honey locust, 382.5 pounds.

Beech, 10 pounds.

Basswood, ^^ pounds.

-25 pounds.

68.4 bushels.

Bodine, ^^^ pounds.

Bryner, 1*^ bushels.

Miner, 25 bushels.

8.31 bushels.

Mueller, ^3.5 pounds.

Mulford, 3^ bushels.

45.7 bushels.

Rupp, 521.5 pounds.

Wells, 4 bushels.

Winter, ^ bushels.

.25 bushels.

1.25 pounds.

^-MALL EXPERIMENTAL NURSERIES ESTABLISHED BY THE

FORESTERS. ^t^ Br THE

^^^^n^^^'J^rLl'^^^^^^^^ «" ^^%'-— have established

- - wor. both in th: rr: =r^:::rgiTanr

'rw I

M

51
•I

I

116

REPORT OF THE r^„ .,

Off. Doc.

c'ipiortX'to^r rn'''°^'^"'- ^'^"^ ^'"^" — - Afford aa
ppuicunitj to the rangers connected with diffprPTH- fnnno^ i. 7

reserve work. ^^ aids them m their geneial

to [hem the means to Ihlh '=•*"""""">'' «°<i forcibly bring home

forests. The~ thr. a„r. ""'' ?*"•' '° ^''•^^^ ^« ^^^ "«-
stances has resu ted Tn w „"? •' ""'' '''"*"'-^ ''"^ ^° -"^"y in-
the work of the CrtmeT""' "^"^""^ ^"^^^-^ -^^ -PPort for
W. L. Byers, Bedford county reserve

In the spMng „, 19,0, ,,,, ,„,|„,|„^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^

White pine,

Scotch pine, ^ pounds.

Norway spruce, ^ P^"^^'

Catalpa speciosa, ... ,i P^"°^-

1-0 pound.

Jn the fall of 1911, the forester's inventor, showed the following

White pine, 2 year,

Scotch pine, 2 year, ' ■**"

Norway spruce, 2 year, ^^^

Western catalpa, 2 year, ^'^^^

Total,

1,470

Mr. Bennett, an active and capable ranker /stablisl.PH .
Bursery o about 2,000 square feet in the sprin J;f 1908 « fin,, ''"'I
good results. The inventoi-y in the fall of 10^.. h/!.' ^'^^
a stock from 25,000 to .30,000 see^Hng w^ t pin ""'' "'""* "^ '''
In the spring of 1911, the following'^seeds we" sown:

European larch,

Norway spruce, ^ pounds.

Red pine, '. ^ pounds.

White pine, ^ pound.

Scotch pine, ^^^ pounds.

1 pound.

Be2iU°;^7 '° ''' ^^" •^""^•^'^ "- ^""<>--g «tock Of one year

M

^°' ^*" DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

European larch,

Norway spruce, ^'"^^

Eed pine, 450

White pine, 220

Scotch pine', 1.200

2,500

Total,

5,000

Since the establishment of the nursery Forester 11 1 v ■^^ ,
stationed at this point, and now win, " i.l ? '"' '"'■' '^'^''n

•arries it on for the benefit nfU »««'«^ance of Mr. Bennett

, T wui oenetit of his rangers.

Wb,M '■"?■' ^'^nklin-Fulton Beserve.

he estaLifhedTlmaTnZ;"'-""'^' '' '''''"'' ^'^"-'''- -unty,
the spring of 1908 In T ''• '° T"" """* "'»"» ^^^^^e feet, i^

tity o'f sefd Of Catalpa specir."' "' ''''' '" ^"''^^^^ « -"«" <!-"■
J^he inventory of seedlings in the fall of 1910 showed the following

White pine, 3 year, . . .

White pine, 2 year, ....*.*.*.'.* ^'^^^

Norway spruce, 2 year, 13,873

Scotch pine, 2 year 21,735

Catalpa speciosa, 1 Vear * * " ^'^^^

^ ' 269

Total, ....

43,465

' Hrr;;r;r;::; ""»"• — -« '.."»-.. .«,

White pine, 2 year 34,()o3

' 2,020

Total,

16,073

Robert G. Conklin, Caledonia Reserve.

in ft ;TS ms '"' ''' ''''''' ^"^■^^'^^^ --' -^ --^ -^ahlished

' wh^rsr' ^ "^'^ ^^^^ «--••

Norway spruce ^^ pounds.

White ash, ^ pounds.

5 pounds.

The inventorv in the faU nf lom i, ^ .,
White pin;, 3 year ' '"""^'"^ ^^"^'^^

White pine, 2 year ' 2,797

White pine, 1 'year, . .' ^^'^^'^

Scotch pine, 2 year ^''^'^^^

3,267

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Norway spruce, 2 jear,

Norway spruce, 1 year, "^^^

European larch, 3 year "^^'^^^

' ^ ' 395

Total,

94,008

MSCh""' "" ""'■'•'■'^ '=* "- '»'-

Norway spruce,'. ... ^ P^"°^-

Ked pine, .../.... ^ pounds.

White pine, ,..,[[], * pound.

Scotch pine^ ^^ pounds.

2 pounds.

' Wh^f p^^^^^ ''' ^--^-^ «^-ed the following stock:

White pine,\3 year,'. ^^^^^

White pine, 2 year ^^'^^^

White pine, 1 year,' [['.[[[] ^^'^^^

Norway spruce, 2 year, ^^'^^^

Norway spruce, 1 year' ^^'^^^

Scotch pine, 1 year ' ^^'^^^

Ked pine, 1 year,. .'..V.V.V. ^^'^^^

European larch, 1 year ^'^^^

' 5,000

Total,

156,700

Jan,^ E. MoNeal, Centre county reserve, Green's Valley
The nursery established here in the sprinir of lono i? ^
«bout 4,000 square feet. In the spring of IDn it ' ? ^° """'^ "'
area of about 6,800 square feet ' ^^^ ^"'"^^^^ *° '^^

ingl':.?"" "' ^''^' ""^ ^"^^"^"^^^ "^ ^•'^ ~y showed the foUow-
White pine, 2 year

White pine, 1 year, ^^^

•^ ' 28,000

Total,

28,300

-gned to this reserve, will continue the work " '^° ^"

Kaymond B Winter, Union county reserve.

Mo '^6

t>BJPARTMENT OF FORESTRY ^^^

'"NoXt^i"": "'.'•"™'°^ ■•»-' — --

Pitch pine, i pound.

White pine, [[ i pound.

Scotch pine, ^ pound.

^ed oak, i pound.

Basswood, i bushel.

n^. . ^ i pound.

White pine, 1 year. . /. ^^^00

Scotch pine, 1 year, ^'^^^

Pitch pine, 1 year, .'. 250

Ked oak, 1 jear, .' 250

' 1,000

Total, ■

«Tohn L. Strohppb Mr.^,,^ 5,500

Tw. ^^^o^eck, Monroe county reserye.

"kont onesljleeuih of ,„ ."re * ' '"""I' " «"» »'

In the spring: of 1910 fho f^n
White pine, !.. . ^^"^>^^'^«g «eeds were sown:

Catalpa speciosa, ^^ pounds.

J '2 ounces.

S7pit,^'::':':! °'/^^«-^"-<^ ^''e following stock:

Scotch pine, 9,800

Catalpa, 2,000

68

Total, .

J ^, 11,868

^s"s:' '''':. "" ':':'r^''^^ ^^^^« -- ->-••

Norway spruce, ^ pounds.

Scotch pine, .\\ ^ pounds.

White pine, 1 year, .' I'lOO

Scotch pine, 1 year ^'^''*'

Norway spruce, 1 year ^''^^^

' 10,000

Total,

A. C. Silvius, Potter county reserve.

A small nursery was established at Austin in ih^ ■
'■aving an area of about 1,400 square feeT Im V V^ °' '"'*''
^Pnng Of 1911, to an area of abou't 4,300 square fJt" "'''' " '""^

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On. Doc.

^r^x:u.vfof'^'''''r "" """^ p'°^ -'^ -- --•

seedlings: * ^'^'' '^""^'^^ ^ ^^^^"^ «* 3,000 white pine

'"wiue'ptf, "' ''!!: .*'' '""""'"« ^^^"^^ "«- — •

Norway spruce, ^ pounds.

Soctch pine, . . [ "^^ pounds.

Bed pine, * pound.

Inv^ntor^ i'n the fai,' of mi'; showed ih^fo'liowing H^^'
White pme, 2 jears, ^

White pine, 1 year, ...'.[[[[', ^'^^^

Norway spruce, 1 year 69,500

Scotch pine, 1 year ' ^^'^^^

Ked pine, 1 year ' ^^^^^^

' 3,000

Total, ~

^. i^. waineld, Alilliin county reserye

of white pine seed wa^ ^nwn ii ,i ^ ^ ^^^' ^^^ P^""^

H. J. Mueller, Union county reserve
the'^sTr/ofmi^ar^t't' ^ ^"^" °"^^«^^ -- ^-"eton in

;£A.^:;d^r^^^^^^

Carl L. Kirk, Clearfield county reserve

and re'prnrofThir/:^^'"';* ^'^'^'^'•^ '° ^''^ «P^'"^ «' ^^^1-
conditions'the nurl; wasTflire "" ^"""- ^^^^"^^ "' -«^''-
R. Lynn Emerick, Potter countv reserve

the^;;;:^^;,u^"^f:l^^ ^'^•'^ ^^r •^^*^""-^"«'^ «^ ^-- ^ork m .

1 fe i.Mj. iiie follow] n^r seeds were sown

European larch,

Norway spruce, .... ^ pound.

Red pine, ^ pounds.

White pine, ^ pounds.

Scotch pine, ^^ pounds.

Theinyentory^in the'faVl'of ihe\'ear sho'wenVhVf n ^ .^'""'^''
White pine, siiowed the following stock:

Scotch pine^ 2i,000

2,000

Total,

The germination of the remaininorloJ^ ^^'^^^

was taken of them in the Lyentory "'' '"' '"' "' ''^'^^""^

^"^ ^^' DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. j^l

F. U. Dutlinger, Hopkins Keserye

inthr:So1mr r ''^"'"^ '"* ^^^ ^'^^^'^^^^^ «* Whetham

ventory in the fall of 1,? ' f '''°"' ^""^ ''"'•*' """P'^- The in-

except^ o!^ oTl^L'^OoTedtrL!^^^^ '" "" ^^^ ^^^^
AVilliam P. Dague, Clearfield county reserve

inthrsSg'oftn TeZr-'"^ ^^^ ^^^^^"^••^^ - ^^^ -serve
White pine, ! . ^''"°^'°g ^^^ds were sown:

Red pine, '. ^^ pounds.

Norway spruce, . '. ^ pounds.

European larch ^ pounds.

way*sp;u:f °^,?i:^?":-"^'^-toVy Showed a'stockof'So Kor-

co/diZs:\il';,r:-r' '^^'^ ^^^ ^^^^^^^^^ "^ p- --t'^-

ing: produced m these nurseries shows the follow-

1910. Species.

Whitepine, ^*-

Norway spruce, ::;••• 'f'^H

Scotch pine, •• Jf'^Jf

European larch, " " '"g*

cataipa speciosa, .' .' .' .' i ; .' ; ; ; ; : ; 33^ j^^^g^^

1911 Species. ^.^

tv»,,v^ • Number.

White pme, 9^7 a pa

Norway spruce, ^JJ^^?

«-tchpine, :::::;;• ifiii

European larch, f^^^

Cataipa speciosa, ' ^

Red pine, ... ^ ^ "

Bed oak, ,iZ

1,500 378,643

Total for both years, ~

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DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

128

IMPROVEMENTS AT ASAPH NURSERY

1910-11.

Asaph Nursery is located on 15 acres of land obtained from Edward
MattsoH by lease dated April 1st, 1907, and is situate in Tioga county,
on Asapli Run, near where it enters Marsh Creek. The soil is a sandy
loam and has been used for years as a highly producing tobacco farm.
'J'he soil seems to be well adapted to the growing of seedling trees.

As the raising of seedling trees for forest purposes in this State
was in a great measure an experiment, so the first working of Asaph
Nursery was experimental.

Several problems soon became prominent in the handling of the
nursery and had to be met before much work could be done. It was
at once apparent that a full supply of water, properly tempered, was
necessary for satisfactory growth of the young trees.

During the spring of 1909, it was thought best to bring the water
from three small springs into an earthen dam on an elevated portion
of the leased area, and from there to the nursery irrigation system.

These three small springs are located on a ridge within the leased
area. It was believed that if the water from these springs were run
into a convenient place and there tempered by exi)osure to the sun's
rays, it would be sufficient to supply the present and early future
needs. At this time the nursery covered about five acres. The
drought of the first year soon demonstrated that these springs were
not sufficient to furnish enough water at times when irrigation was
most necessary. Another spring on adjoining land of Mr. Walker
was leased and water carried into the earthwork dam through a one-
inch pii)e. With this additional spring the supply was insufficient to
irrigate the young plants properly and a serious loss in seedling
trees resulted. By direction of the Commissioner of Forestry, a sur-
vey was made to secure water from Asaph Run, and Mr. Ernest
Green surveyed several lines endeavoring to locate a gravity supply.
Uis report shows that by a gravity system between three and four
thousand feet of three inch pipe would be necessary for a supply from
Asaph Run directly into the old earth dam.

Early in the spring of 1910, an investigation of the entire matter
showed that we could not use the gravity system as surveyed for
several reasons. The earthen dam was not sufficiently tight. The
expense for pipe was i)rohibitive. The water of Asaph Run was. too
cold for direct sprinkling of young plants. The matter of right of
way across private property would seriously affect the gravity sys-
tem.

A hasty survey was made after which it was found that Asaph
Run had power enough to force a IJ inch stream up to a reservoir
thirty-four feet above the run. It was decided at once to put in a
svstem similar to the one at Greenw^ood nursery, and plans for the
work were prepared at once.

On April 25th, 1910, the work of installation began. With twenty
mem the digging proceeded rapidly and the intake was partly com-
pleted. The drive pipe required a ditch almost eight hundred feet
long, with a depth of eight feet for about two hundred feet. On
Monday night, May 2d, a heavy rain storm occurred at the head of
Asaph and Straight Runs, doing great damage in both, and lowering
the bed of the run from 12 to 16 inches. Our work suffered consid-
erably, requiring the lowering of the hydraulic engine one foot and
the construction of a small dam at the intake, giving a fall of eleven
and one-half feet instead of ten. The hydraulic engine or ram is
placed 752 feet from the intake, and is supplied by 300 feet of 5 inch
pipe reduced to 4 inch, and 425 feet of 4 inch pipe to the stand pipe
or governor of the system, consisting of a 13 feet section of vertical
6 inch pipe. From this stand pipe a section of 3 inch pipe 27 feet
long extends to the ram.

The intake consists of two small chambers of concrete, each 3 feet
square, with a dividing or flood wall seventeen inches wide by ten
feet long. From this intake or screen and valve chamber a wing wall
or dam of concrete extends out at an acute angle into and across
Asaph Run, so that in casp of drought the run at this point will still
preserve its height sufficiently to fill the screen box with w^ater.

The power is supplied by a Rife hydraulic engine No. 30, giving a
supply of ten thousand gallons daily through a IJ inch pipe 281 feet
long, running into the tempering reservoir. The ram is inclosed in
a concrete box 3^x5 feet by 6 feet high, with concrete floor, covered
with wooden door and secured by lock and key. From the ram a 4-
inch discharge pipe for superfluous water runs 83i feet back into the
run, and forms the tail race.

The reservoir or tempering basin is a circular tank 34 feet higher
than the ram, with concrete sides and bottom, forty feet in diameter
and 3i feet deep in the clear, the supply pipe entering 18 inches above
the floor and the 3-inch outlet or service pipe running from the centre
of the reservoir.

From the reservoir the water is conducted through 1,692 feet of
3-inch pipe to connect with the line of 3-inch pipe running from the
old or earthen dam into the nursery proi)er.

. The old 3-inch pipe line was laid but a few inches beneath the sur-
face, and the 1-inch laterals were laid on the surface of the uneven
ground. In this locality every fall and spring heavy fnists occur,
sufficient to freeze the water in the inch laterals, aud c^u^ing burst

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DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

126

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pipes, because of inability to drain properly the lateral inch pipe.
The consequence was expense of time, labor, and pipe fittings to re-
pair. To correct this error was the next problem. It was decided
that the only way to oflset the trouble was to lower the old mam
three-inch pipe to an even grade of at least three feet for the entire
distance from the reservoir to the east end of the nursery at the pub-
lic road, and run all laterals from this at an even grade upward and
outward to the ends, where a short nipple extends upward into the
Kill cocks. This change is now completed and in fifteen minutes one
man can shut ofi' the ;i-inch valve at the upper end of the beds, open
the 3-inch valve at the public road and drain the entire system of
water from all laterals, valves, and main pipe. So that when any
indication of a frost appears, the upper valve is closed, the lower
(.pened, and the entire system cleared of any freezing trouble. All
valves are inclosed in ccmcrete boxes having concrete covers.

Every spring has brought trouble in melting snow and heavy
showers, washing out the later prepared seed beds. Added to this
annual occurrence was the great damage done by the 1910 cloudburst,
which destroyed a number of older beds and partially destroyed many
other well prepared seed beds, sown only three or four days prior to
tlie tlood. The flood waters of Asaph Kun overflowed its banks and
over the badlv damaged properties of neighbors, Kay Gee and H. J.
Walker, into\he nursery, running northward and eastward through
the length of it and cutting broad paths clear of productive soil over
the newly prepared section. This was the next problem to be solved.

At the suggestiim of Mr. Ed. Jenckes, assistant to Paul H. Mulford,
forester in charge, this was met by making the central road in the
nurserv the highest point, and running each lateral four-feet path
north and south at the end of each GO feet bed from the central road-
ivay on a descending grade into side ditches. The north side ditch
was made two feet wide and the scmth ditch near the creek four feet
wide at the bottom, sloping to 8 feet wide at the top with a depth of
two feet and upward so as to catch all ovrrflow from Asaph Run
during high water. These ditches run on an eastward grade into
Asaph Run at the public road, and each 18-inch pathway slopes into
the lateral 4-feet paths. This was done at once on all newly erected
beds. Later heavy rains have proved the value of the ditches in pre-
venting damage to planted beds. This system will be applied to all
new and old parts of the nursery as soon as possible after the spring
work is completed.

Asaph Run occasionally becomes so wild that its banks will not
hold its damaging current. The cloudburst of 1910 was especially
destructive. Probably in years to come we may not have another
such flood. To ofl'set the flood damage entirely would require a sys-
tepi of piling and flood walls, and not cribbing. The old cribbing

system in this place was entirely destroyed. We must get below the
bed of the stream with piles driven to a depth to sustain the flood
pressure. This will require at least 800 feet of piling, with close
]dank or board covering, backed with stones from the creek bed, and
the creek diverted into its original straight channel. This can be
done at no great expense, and should be borne chiefly by the lessor
of the nursery property. The piling and flood walls would be entirely
on the property of Mr. Walker and his consent and co-operation would
be necessary. The original creek channel is well defined, so that
damage claims would be obviated. The cost of this piling and flood
wall would be not less than |300.00.

AN EXPERIMENT IN WESTERN CATALPA.

In the spring of 1908, Mr. John P. Brown of Connersville, Indiana,
(since deceased), the earnest and enthusiastic exponent of the plant-
ing and cultivation of Catalpa speciosa as a forest tree, presented to
this Department 3,000 one year old seedlings of this tree, doing so at
cur request, in order that they might be distributed widely in small
lots over the Commonwealth for the purpose of learning whether there
is any particular locality in the State which will produce more favor-
able results from the growth of the tree than had been the experience
of the Department and private planters heretofore. Numerous small
plantations had been made in the State, a few by this Department,
and some by private planters, and although there is not at hand any
connected data respecting such early plantations, the experience of
ihe Department to that time was that the tree gave promise of in-
different success. Accordingly, when the above shipment of trees
was received from Mr. Brown, they were divided up into lots rang-
ing from 10 to 100 trees. In one instance 300 trees were forwarded
to one person, and in another 400; but these were for subdivision
into smaller lots among numerous persons in the locality.

At the end of the growing season in 1908, reports were asked for
from the distributees as to the rate and character of growth during
the first season. Replies were received from about one-half of the
persons to whom trees had been sent, representing about 1,100 trees.
These young trees were poor stock, having been dried out badly by

delays in shipment.

Reports were received in 1908 from 38 difl^erent persons who had

received 1,100 of the trees.

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REPORT OP THE

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Twenty-seven reported as having received their stock in good con-
dition and 11 in poor condition.

Thirteen persons reported as having cut the trees back close to
the ground. Twenty-four reported no cutting back.

Four persons reported having used fertilizer with the trees when
planted; 34 as having used no fertilizer.

Ten persons reported as having planted their trees in sod covered
areas; 28 as having made their planting in bare soil.

At the end of the 1908 growing season out of 1,106 trees reported
upon, 789 were reported as being alive.

The greastest growth by any tne reported on was 36 inches, being
from a gentleman in Forest county who planted his trees in a deep
rich loam. Forty of his trees, out of the 45 planted, were found to be
alive at the end of this season. The least growth of any tree re-
ported by the same jjerson was 16 inches. The average growth of all
his trees for this first season was 29 inches.

The least growth reported by any person for any tree was one-half
inch, from a gentleman in Miflfiin county. The soil upon which these
latter trees were planted is limestone.

The second best growth reported by any planter was from a gen-
tleman in Union county, who reported 36 inches as a maximum
growth and 16 inches as the minimum, or an average of 22 inches for
all his trees. This planting was made in a deep sandy loam. He
reported 19 trees living out of a total of 24 planted.

Two persons reported that not a trei^ remained alive at the end
of the season. Only five persons reported that all the trees planted
remained alive at the end of the season.

Of all the trees reported upon, th^ average maximum growth was
11.4 inches, the average minimum growth 3.9 inches, and the general
average growth of the whole planting was 6.5 inches.

It will thus be seen that while there were a few instances where
exceptional growth was made, it was only in those cases where there
were exceptional soil conditicms. For a rai)id growing tree like the
catalpa, the general averages are low.

To determine the c(mdtion of the tree at the end of the growing
season for 1911, a period of three yrars intervening, reports were
received from 39 difi'erent persons who originally had received 1,052
trees. Of this number originally planted, 377, or a little more than
one-third, were reported alive at the end of the 1911 growing season.

Five persons reported as having cultivated the trees, 26 as having
done no cultivating, the remainder not reporting.

Five persons reported as having fertilized the trees during the
intervening period; 26 reported as having used no fertilizer. The
remainder made no report.

The greatest height growth of any tree at the end of that season
was reported as 8 feet, and was so reported in three cases, one by

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-vV>

» «*:•:

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V «pt

PLATE XXIV.— Catalpa speciosa. Growth of 18 Feet Made in Four
Years from a Seedling Tree a Few Inches in Height.
Peach Bottom, Lancaster county.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

127

the gentleman in Union county whose trees have done best at the
end of the first year; one from Mitliin county; and one from Mont-
gomery county. In two of these cases tlie trees were reported as
being thrifty, while in the third they are poor. The least height
growth reported at the end of this season was three inches, and it
came from a group of 8 living trees out of 100 originally planted.
One-half of those living were reported as being in poor condition.

The average height growth of all trees reported on at the end of
This season was 41.6 inches. The average of the maximum height
growths reported was 53.9 inches, while the minimum growths show
an average of 30.1 inches.

Of the 39 persons reporting at the end of the 1911 growing sea-
son, 7 report no trees living at all.

With respect to winter killing, 22 persons report that their trees
suffered from this cause, 9 persons report that their trees were not
affected by winter killing, the remainder making no report on this
item.

Thirty persons report as to the general character and condition
of their remaining trees, 18 saying that the trees are straight of
stem and apparently thrifty, while 12 make report that the trees
are crooked and in poor condition.

It will thus be seen that after four years' growth the general
average maximum height growth of 53.9 inches, or only a little over
13 inches per year, is low, compared with what the tree will do in
its native home in the west, and compared also with claims which
have been made for it without qualification. Of course, it must be
remembered that the stock here reported on was not of the best
character and suffered in transportation, so that a reasonal)le allow-
ance must be made.

Plate XXIV, presented hen^with, shows an exceptional growth of
a young Catalpa speciosa which was in the best condition when
planted in southeastern Pennsylvania under the most favorable cir-
cumstances. It was planted as a young seedling less than a foot
high in the spring of 1908, and the photograph shown was taken in
December, 1911. The tree during four growing seasons had made a
height growth of 18 feet.

Whether this exception is likely to prove the rule in the case of
this tree for Pennsylvania we are unable to say. This much, how-
ever, is known, that if an owner of land is willing to give up his best
soil to the growing of Catalpa speciosa it is likely that he would get
good growth, possibly somewhat approaching that of the tree in its
native western home. However, we do not understand that Penn-
sylvania farmers are willing to dedicate their best soil to tree grow-
ing nor do we think it would be wise to do so. Such soil is needed
for the production of agricultural crops and tree growing must be

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No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

129

conducted upon less fertile land. The problem for the Pennsylvania
farmer and tree grower then is to find the tree likely to produce the
best financial results upon land least suitable for growing agricul-
tural crops. It would seem from the above report, of course mak-
ing due allowance for the inferiority of the stock, that the Catalpa
j<peciosa is a tree not well suited to meet these Pennsylvania con-
ditions.

During the years 1910 and 1911 considerable impetus was given
to the planting and growing of Catalpa speciosa in this State by
means of numerous newspaper items and the purchase of large
quantities of stock by merchants who distributed them to children
through the common schools. Practically all of this stock came from
a single nursery in Ohio, and we are informed by the proprietor of
the nursery that approximately one million seedlings were sold into
the State of Pennsylvania for distributicm in the above manner,
000,000 going to Philadelphia, 100,000 to Pittsburgh, 85,000 to five
ot the larger interior towns, and the balance in smaller lots through-
out the State. Of the above million mentioned, a few were elm and
maple, but by far the largest number was of Catalpa speciosa.

If the history of these young seedlings could be intimately fol-
lowed it would be of interest to know what degree of success has
attended their planting. However, because of the very widely scat-
tered distribution and in the absence of record of the names and
addresses of all the persons who received them, no such statistics
could be conveniently gathered.

It is the policy of this Department to urge the growing of trees
of every kind. The Department has no preference for one tree over
another except as that tree may be most valuable or least valuable
for the purposes for which it may be planted. Probably the safest
course for tree planters to follow would be to use only those trees
in planting which we know from long experience make successful
growth in this Commonwealth and produce the most valuable woods,
bearing in mind also that the wood which sells for the highest price
]ter foot in the market is not always the most valuable for general
l»urposes. The Department welcomes the help of nurserymen, ex-
perimenters, private tree planters, the distribution of seedling trees
through the schools, the dissemination of knowledge about trees by
means of arbor day celebrations, and every other effort which may
and ought to result in a greater ap])reciation of trees on the part of
nil our citizens and a greater desire to see them growing in places
now barren of good tree cover.

SUBSOIL BLASTING TO ACCELERATE THE GROWTH OF

TREES.

At the request of the E. I. duPont de Nemours Powder Company,
of Wilmington, Delaware, an experiment was tried on the forest re-
serves in subsoil blasting for the purpose of planting up the area
blasted, with different species of forest tree seedlings, and an ad-
jacent check area of equal size to determine just what effect the
breaking up of subsoil will have upon the rate of growth and the
annual wood accretion of forest trees.

In pursuance of the above request, the following* agreement,
duly executed, was entered into by the respective parties in interest:

"THIS AGREEMENT made this 19th day of September, A. D.
1911, between the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, acting through
the State Forestry Reservation Commission, by Robert S. Conklin,
President, of the one part, and the E. I. duPont de Nemours Powder
Co., of Wilmington, Delaware, of the other part,

"WITNESSETH, That for and in consideration of the mutual
stipulations hereinafter contained, the Commonwealth of Pennsyl-
vania doth hereby agree to place at the disposal of the party of the
second part six (6) acres, located respectively at Hyner, Mont Alto,
Fields Station, Notch, Rector, and Asaph, this State, for the purpose
of permitting the party of the second part to go thereon and make
an experiment, to consist of the exploding of a number of charges
of dynamite at regular intervals and at dej)ths to be determined,
over said acre for the purpose of breaking up the deeper strata of
the soil in an endeavor to promote the growth of young forest trees
Ihereon. The party of the first part will likewise immediately adja-
cent to said sample acre at each of the above places, lay off another
sample acre upon which no blasting is to be done, but upon which
trees are to be planted in th? same manner and of the same species
as upon the adjoining sample acre broken up according to the methods
of the party of the second part: and further agrees to make such
plantings in the spring of 1912, to observe the growth of the trees,
make a record of the observations, and report upon the same in the
regular forestry reports issued by the Pennsylvania Department of
Forestry.

"The party of the second part agrees to furnish the necessary ex-
plosives, ship the same to destination, pay cost of shipment, and
furnish expert workmen to perform the above experiment at the
]>laces indicated, without further cost for men or materials to be
incurred by the party of the first part. The party of the first part
ngrees to furnish at each sample acre at least two persons to assist
in doing the necessary work connected with the experiment.

"The party of the second part agrees to employ all due precaution
in doing the above work that accident may not result.

9_2«— 1911

H

130

REPORT OF THE

Oft. Doc.

"It is understood and agreed that a forester in the employ of the
party of the first part, having in charge each sample acre, and the
agent of the party of the second part, in charge of the experiment,
shall be the persons who shall be in direct control of the above work.

"It is the intention of the party of the first part in making its
observations and reports on the above experiment, to do so for such
numberof years that it will be possible to make a reasonable c(mipari-
son between the respective growths of trees obtained on each of the
adjacent acres, and that the agents of the party of the second part
from time to time shall have the privilege of visiting said sample
acres and making their own incnisnrements and gathering statistics
in reference thereto, if it shonld seem lit and desirable so to do."

Mr. E. R. Angst, representing the Powder Company, completed the
arrangements for doing the blasting, made the necessary shipments,
and on September 27th the first blasting was done on the Mont Alto
reserve. The snrface soil for 12 inches is stony, heavy clay loam, and
subsoil for 24 inches is heavy red clay. One hundred holes were put
down 30 inches, 20 feet apart. The labor was furnished by the mem-
bers of the Senior class from the Forest Academy. All explosi(ms
^^ere satisfactory. Dynamite used was Ked Cross Extra 25%, size
of cartridges IJ inch by 8 inches; caps were No. 6 duPont, fuse single

tape.

The second experiment was made on the reserve near Fields Sta-
tion in Lycoming county, where the surface soil is clay loam and
coarse gravel 14 inches deep, and the subsoil heavier clay. One hun-
dred and eighty-nine holes were put down 30 inches deep, 15 feet
apart, it being shown that the best results were obtainable by using
this length of space. Dynamite used was Ked Cross Extra 25%,
cartridges IJ by 8 inches, caps No. G duPont, fuse P»eaver.

On October 4th and 5th the third experiment was made on the
forest reserve near Ansonia, the surface soil being sandy loam with
few small stones 2 feet deep, and the subsoil contained traces of
shale or a shaly sandy loam. One hundred and ninety-six holes were
yut down a distance of 30 inches, 15 feet apart. The work was on
a side hill where the ground broke well. Dynamite used was Ilcd
Cross Extra 25%, caps No. B duPont, fuse P»eaver.

On the same date the fourth experiment was mad? at Clen T'nion
on the forest reserve in Clinton county, in a surface soil of clay
loam 18 inches deep with subsoil of heavy, stiff clay with trace of
shale in the eastern portion of the area. One hundred and ninety-
five holes were put down 30 inches, 15 feet aj)art, and the area is a
burned over, level hill. Dynamite used was Red Cross Extra 25%,
caps No. 6 duPont, fuse Beaver.

On October 9th and 10th the fifth experiment was made on the
Stuart reserve in Westmoreland county, one-third of a mile from
Laurel Summit, in soil which was burned over in 1008, wherein much

h

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OP FORESTRY.

131

of the humus was destroyed, but which at the time of the experiment
('uiitaiued a 12-inch surface layer of black loam. The subsoil is
heavy sandy clay, overlaid with Pottsville conglomerate. One hun-
dred and ninety-eight holes were put down a distance of 30 inches,
15 feet apart. Because of the rock subsoil the ground broke up
rather more Ihan it should have and was not shattered laterally quite
^o well as in the other experiments. The dynamite used was Her-
cules No. 2, 40%, size: of cartridges li by 8 inches, caps duPont No.
0, fuse Beaver.

On October 13th and 14th the exi)eriment was completed on the
Pike county reserve near Notch, 'where the surface soil is a sandy
loam from IG to 18 inches deep, and the subsoil a hard clay hardpan
with small sand pebbles. One hundred and ninety holes were put
down 30 inches at a distance of 15 feet. The area was covered with
a heavy sod, it having been an old pasture. Because of the sod the
ground broke well and the lateral fracturing of the soil was satis-
factory. The dynamite used \\i\s Bed Cross Extra 25%, size of
cartridges 1| by 8 inches, cai)s No. G duPont, fuse Double Tape.

In each of the above six experiments, the area is one acre care-
fully marked off, w^ith an adjoining acre in approximately the same
kind of soil, marked off as a check. These 12 acres will be planted
with seedling trees in the spring of 1912, various species being used.
The observations will necessarily have to extend over a number of
years before the value of tlie experiment may be finally determined.
Tt is expected to make an annual study of the results of growth, and
the facts to be learned therefrom will be contained in the future
Iiublished reports of the Department.

FOREST RESERVE PLANTING, 1910.

Plantings of forest tree seedlings during the above year were made
by nearly all the foresters on their reserves. Detailed statement
showing the location, the species, and number, is as follows:

Seedlings from the Mont Alto Nursery.

IT. E. Bryner, Pennypacker Reserve.

Species. Age. Number.

White pine , 2 years, 2G,400

Scotch pine, 1 year, 1,050

White ash, 1 year, .... 3,050

Xa2 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc

Species. Age. Number.

Honey locust, 1 year, 2,575

White oak, 1 year, 2,025

Black walnut, 1 year, 1,000

\V. L. Byers, Bedford county reserve.

White pine, 2 years, 30,000

Scotch pine, 1 year, 475

Honey locust, 1 year, 2,000

Sugar maple, 1 year, 1,525

B. O. Conklin, Caledonia reserve.

White ash, 1 year, 8,000

Willow cuttings, 4,000

F. H. Dutlinger, Hopkins reserve, Whetham Division.

White pine, 2 years, 25,000

European larch, 1 year, 1,000

White ash, 1 year, 8,000

Sugar maple, 1 year, 3,000

B. Lynn Enierick, Potter county reserve, Crossfork Division.

European larch, 1 year, 300

White ash, 1 year, 20,000

H. C. Evans, Lycoming county reserve, Waterville Division.

W^hite pine, 2 years, 9,000

Scotch pine, 1 year, 2,500

W. H. Kraft, Huntingdon county reserve. Greenwood Division.
California privet cuttings, 5,000

James E. McNeal, Centre county reserve. Centre Hall Division.
White pine, 2 years, 50,000

T. Koy Morton, Huntingdon county reserve, Barree Division.

White pine, 2 years, 15,000

Norway spruce, 2 years, 2,000

White ash, 1 year, 3,000.

White oak, 1 year, 2,000

Black walnut, 1 year, 3,000

Harry J. Mueller, Union county reserve, Hartleton Division.

White ash, 1 year, 20,000

White oak, 1 year, 2,000

Sugar maple, 1 year, 10,000

Mo. 2ti.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

133

Paul IL Mulford, Stone reserve.

Species.
California privet cuttings,

Age.

Number.
1,200

A. E. Bupp, Centre county reserve, Boalsburg Division.

European larch, 1 year, 900

Honey locust, 1 year, 4,125

efohn W. Seltzer, Centre county reserve, Coburn Division.

White pine, 2 years, 13,000

White ash, 1 year, .... 20,475

Black walnut, 1 year, 12,000

Sugar maple, 1 year, 17,000

John W. Seltzer, Centre county reserve, Coburn Division. (George
H Wirt, State Forester, in charge of planting.)

White pine, 2 years, .... 115,000

Scotch pine, 1 year, .... G2,000

A. C. Silvius, Potter county reserve, Austin Division.

White ash, 1 year,

Bed ash, 1 year,

Lewis E. Staley, Mont Alto reserve.

White pine, 2 years, . .

Scotch pine, 1 year, . .

Norway spruce, 2 years, . .

Honey locust, 1 year, . .

Black locust, 1 year, . .

John L. Strobeck, Monroe county reserve.

Scotch pine, 1 year, . .

Frank P. Sundy, ranger, Pennypacker reserve.
W^hite pine, 2 years

• • • • •

5,000
5,000

124,500
1,700
2,500
3,775
1,725

2,500

1,000

Harry A. Thomson, Hopkins reserve, Benovo Division.

White ash, 1 year, 8,500

Honey locust 1 year, 2,000

Seedlings from Asaph Nursery.
H. E. Biyner, Pennypacker reserve.

White pine.

d vGcirs* • • • •

n. E. Elliott, Cameron county reserve.

White pine, 3 years,. .

2,500

5,000

134 REPORT OP THE Off. Doc
li. Lynn Emerick, Potter county reserve, Crossfork Division.

Species. Age. Number.

White pine, 3 years, 25,000

Norway spruce, 3 years, 3,000

Honey locust, 1 year, 3,050

American elm, 1 year, 1,500

H. C. Evans, Lycoming county reserve, Waterville Division.

White pine, 3 years, 41,500

European larch, 3 years, 2,250

Honey locust, 1 year, 4,675

American elm, 1 year, 15,600

lied oak, 1 year, 60

American chestnut, 1 year, 50

Paul H. Mulford, Stone reserve.

White pine, 3 years, 63,166

Norway spruce, 3 years, 2,500

European larch, 3 years, .... 2,702

White ash, 1 year, .... 25

Honey locust, 1 year, 5,500

American dm, 1 year, .... 5,694

lied oak, 1 year, .... 4,841

American chestnut, 1 year, .... 900

Ulack chorrv, 1 vear, .... 450

lilack walnut 1 year, .... 90

(^leorge A. Ketau, Tioj^a county reserve, lilack wells Division.

White i)ine, 3 years, .... 10,000

White ash, 1 year, .... 500

Honey locust, 1 year, .... 5,000

A. C. Sllvius, lN)tcr county reserve, Austin Division.

White pine 3 years, 76,000

Norway spruce 3 years, .... 2,000

European larch 3 years, .... 2,000

White ash 1 year, 980

Honey locust 1 year, 8,000

American elm 1 year, .... 3,000

John L. Strobeck, Monroe county reserve.

White pine 3 years, 10,000

John ]\. Williams, Slnart reserve.

White pine, 3 years, 5,500

Xo. 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. 135

Seedlings from the Greenwood Nursery.

W. H. Kraft, Huntingdon county reserve. Greenwood Division.

Species. Age. Number.

White pine, 2 years, 31,683

White ash, 2 years, 380

Black walnut, 1 year, 300

A. E. Rupp, Centre county reserve, Boalsburg Divi-
sion.

White pine, 2 years, 100,000

In addition to the seedlings derived from the three main nurseries,
the following w^ere grown in the private experimental nurseries of
the foresters and planted as follows:
W. L. Byers, Bedford county reserve.

White pine, 2 years, 1,040

Finns ponderosa, 3 years, 152

European larch, 1 year, 700

W^hite ash, 1 year, 2,640

H. E. Bryner, Pennypacker reserve.

Black walnut, 1 yf ar, 300

E. G. Conklin, Caledonia reserve.

Scotch pine 2 years, 3,000

Total plantings for 1910 from the Mont Alio Nursery,
all species, 666,800

Total plantings for 1910 from the Asaph Nursery, all
species, 313,023

Total plantings for 1910 from the Greenwood Nursery,

all species, 132,363

Total plantings derived from private experimental nur-
series, 7,832

Grand total of plantings, 1910, 1,120,018

Total plantings for 1910 by species: \

White pine, ^80,289

Scotch pine, 73,225

Pinus ponderosa, ^^^

Norway spruce, 12,000

1S6

REPORT OF THE Off. Doc

European larch, 0,852

White ash, 100,550

Red ash, 5,000

Honey locust, 40,700

American elm, 25,794

White oak, 6,025

Red oak, 4,891

American chestnut, 950

Black cherry, 450

Black walnut, 16,G90

Black locust, 1 J25

Suj?ar maple, : 31,525

Cal. privet cuttings, G,200

Willow cuttings, 4,000

Total of trees planted, 1910, 1,120,018

FOREST RESERVE TLANTING, 1911.

Seedlings from the Mont Alto Nursery.

n. E. Bryner, Pennypacker reserve.

White pine,

Red oak,

Willow cuttings,

W. L. Bvers, Bedford countv reserve.

White pine,

Red oak,

n. E. Elliott, Cameron county reserve.

Red ash,

U. C. Evans, Lycoming county reserve, Waterville
Division.

Willow cuttings,

W. E. TToupt, South Mountain reserve, Cumberland
Division.

White pine,

John W. Keller, Tioga county reserve, Blackwells
Division.

Willow cuttings,

34,000
6,000
2,000

30,000
2,000

6,000

500

20,000

5,000

No. 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

C. L. Kirk, Clearfield county reserve, Penfleld Divi-
sion.

Bed ash, 4,000

Rock oak, 1,775

White ash, 4,000

Walter D. Ludwig, Centre county reserve, Boalsburg
Division.

Red oak, 10,000

Willow cuttings, 2,000

n. S. Metzger, Clinton-Union county reserve.

Willow cuttings, 1,000

C. C. Miner, Tioga county reserve.

Willow cuttings, 2,000

Paul H. Mulford, Stone reserve.

Willow cuttings, 1,800

A. E. Rupp, Franklin-Fulton reserve.

Red oak, 1,000

Willow cuttings, 2,000

John W. Seltzer, Centre county reserve, Coburn
Division.

Sugar maple, 2,500

Lewis E. Staley, Mont Alto reserve.

White pine, 28,000

Harry A. Thomson, Hopkins reserve, Renovo Divi-
sion.

White pine, 50,000

D. Kerr Warfield, Mifflin county reserve, Milroy Di-
vision.

Willow cuttings, 500

George H. Wirt, Forest Inspector, temporarily in
charge of planting on Clinton county reserve, ^Ic-
Elhattan Division.

White pine, 201,250

Red ash, , 3,950

White ash, 3,875

Sugar maple, 5,075

Red maple, 757

Honey locust, 125

Seedlings from Asaph Nuresry.

John E. Avery, Pike county rejserve.

White piue, 15,000

137

138 REPORT OF THE

11. E. Bryner, Pennypacker reserve.

White pine,

White ash,

H. E. Elliott, Cameron county reserve.

White pine,

Eed oak,

Black cherry,

li. L. Emerick, Potter county reserve, Crossfork Di-
vision.

White pine,

Scotch pine,

European larch,

II. C. Evans, Lycoming county reserve, Waterville
Division.

White pine,

White ash,

American elm,

W. E. Houpt, South ^louutain reserve, Cumberland
Division.

Scotch pine,

John W. Keller, Tioga county reserve, Blackwells
Division.

White pine,

Bed oak,

C L. Kirk, Clearfield county reserve, Penfield
Division.

Red oak,

Black cherry,

American elm,

Walter D. Ludwig, Centre county, Boalsburg Divi-
sion.

White ash,

American elm,

C. C. Miner, Tioga county reserve.

White pine,

White ash,

Red oak,

Black cherry,

H. J. Mueller, Union county reserve, Hartleton Divi-
sion.

White ash,

Off. Doc.

8,000
1G,250

20,000
2,000
3,000

50,000

5,000

300

3,000
11,000

850

5,000

40,000
15,000

2,000
5,700
5,000

500
500

20,000
1,000

15,000
6,800

No. 26. DEPARTMENT OBL FORESTRY.

Paul 11. Muelford, Stone reserve.

White pine, 1 1 ,934

White ash, 900

Sugar maple, 1,300

Scotch pine, 11,076

Red oak, 3,650

Black cherry," 11,250

Balsam fir, 600

A. E. Rupp, Franklin-Fulton reserve.

VThite ash, 1,300

American elm, 100

Western catali)a, 105

A. C. Silvius, Potter county reserve, Austin Division.

White pine, 100,000

Scotch pine, 5,000

European larch, 300

H. A. Thonisoon, lEopkins reserve, Renovo Division.

Scotch pine, 5,000

Arthur B. Wells, Lycoming county reserve. Grays
Run Division.

White ash, 2,000

Sugar maple, 400

Honey locust, 400

Red oak, 3,500

139

Seedling from the Greenwood Nursery.

10,000

John A. Bastian, Lycoming county reserve. Loyal-
sock Division.

White pine,

A. W. Bodine, Roth rock reserve.

White pine,

Carl L. Kirk, Clearfield county reserve, Penfield
Division.

White pine,

10,000

18,762

30,000

140 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.

W. H. Kraft, Huntingdon county reserve, Greenwood
Division.

Scotch pine, 21,000

Pitch pine, 21,500

Walter D. Ludwig, Centre county reserve, Boalsburg
Division.

White pine, ^OQ,QOO

Scotch pine, 2,000

Longleaf pine, 1^200

U. S. Metzger, Clinton-Union reserve.

Whitepine, l^^O^O

T. Roy Morton, Huntingdon county reserve, Barree
Division.

White pine, 6^>^00

Scotch pine, 20,800

Longleaf pine, ^>^^^

Henry J. Mueller, Union county reserve, Hartleton

Division.

White pine, ^^^^^^

John W. Seltzer, Centre county reserve, Coburn

Division.

White pine, ^6>^^"

D. Kerr Warfield, Mifflin county reserve, Milroy Di-
vision.

Whitepine, 200,000

John R. Williams, Stuart reserve.

Whitepine, 10,000

Raymond B. Winter, Union county reserve. Forest
House Division.

Whitepine, 10,000

George H. Wirt, Forest Inspector, temporarily in
charge of tree planting on Clinton reserve, McEl-
hattan Division.

Whitepine, '^^'000

Seedlings derived from the experimental nurseries of foresters and
planted on their own reserves:

W. L. Byers, Bedford county reserve.

White pine, 2,000

White ash, I'^^O

>ro. 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

Sugar maple, 25

Western catalpa, ^^0

Poplar cuttings, 280

Black walnut, H

A. E. Rupp, Franklin-Fulton reserve.

White pine, ^70

Scotch pine, ^^^OO

Norway spruce, 1,G00

Western catalpa, 258

John L. Strobeck, Monroe county reserve.

Scotch pine, 1^^

W^estern catalpa, '^^

H. L. Vail, Potter county reserve, Conrad Division.

White pine, 13,000

Total seedlings from the Mont Alto nursery planted

on reserve during 1911, 465,707

Total seedlings from the Asaph nursery planted on

reserves during 1911, 419,715

Total seedlings from the Greenwood nursery planted

on reserves during 1911, 860,36-.

Total seedlings from the experimental nurseries of

the foresters planted on reserves during 1911, 25,670

Grand total of plantings, 1911, 1,771,454

Planting during 1911 by species:

White pine, 1,472,816

Scotch pine, 80,576

European larch, ^^^

Norway spruce, 1,600

Balsam fir, ^^0

Pitch pine, 21,500

Longleaf pine, ^^^^^

Red ash, l^'^^^J

Rock oak, 1^'^^^

White ash, 52,175

Sugar maple, ^'*^^^

Red maple, '^^l

Honey locust, ^25

Red oak, 5^'!'^^

Black cherry, 26,750

American elm, 6,450

141

142 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.

Western catalpa, 939

Willow cuttings, 1^,800

Poplar cuttings, 280

Black walnut, 11

Total, all species, 1,771,454

Seedlings are planted on the reserves at varying distances, so that
an acre will contain i'rom 2,000 to 2,700 trees. At the rate of 2,000
per acre, the plantings to date would aggregate approxiuiately 2,000
acres, and with 2,700 to the acre, the area planted would amount to
approximately l,r)00 acres. The Departuient, therefore, has planted
to date from 1,700 to 1,800 acres of land, and at the present rate of
planting, which is hoped to be continued and increased, the area will
lajjidly be augmented.

The cost per acre for the planting thus far done ranges from $3.60
to 122.27, both items including the cost of the trees. The cost per
acre for forest planting is below flO.OO, except in a very ftw instances
where the ground was specially prepared to receive the trees and
fencing had to be done to protect them. In these cases the cost
necessarily exceeded the $10.00 limit.

The cost to produce the seedlings varies from fl.50 to |r).00 per
thousand, the high rate obtaining where the seedlings have been kept
in the nursury and transplanted once or twice. In a few instances
the cost per thousand fell below one dollar, but the conditions here
v\ere special and germination and subsequent growth especially good.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

143

PKIVATE PLANT1N(; OF SEKDLING FOKEST TUEES
SUPPLIlOl) H\ TUE DEPARTMENT OF FOKESTRY.

By reason of the act of Asseml)ly permitting the Department of
Forestry to grow and distribute young forest trees to those who will
plant and care for them, approved the 22d day of April, 1909, I*. L.
page 115, the Department has from time to time during the period
covered by this report received applications from individuals and
corporations who desired to nmke forest and woodlot i)lantings,
and in response, so far as it was possible to do so, the seedlings re-
quested have been sold to the ai)]dicants at cost and the amount de-
rived therefrom deposited with the State Treasurer.

Where the trees were to be planted in or about the property of
institutions of a public or semi-public nature, the trees were furnished
without charge ; also a number of trees were furnished in small quan-
tities without charge to persons for experimental purposes to be
planted in different localities, in order to test out the character of
growth in the kind of soil found where the planting was made.

During the year 1910, the following persons applied for and re-
ceived the following seedlings:

FROM THE MONT ALTO NITRSERY.

F. Boyle Scranton.

Black walnut, ^

J. S. Illick, Easton.

Cal. privet cuttings, 1)^^^

David Knepper, Mont Alto,

White ash, 25

Black walnut, ^^

Fred Langenheim, Harrisburg.

Sugar maple, 1^

Masonic Home, Elizabeth town.

White pine, 15,000

Black walnut, '^^^^

C. H. Miller, Renovo.

White pine, '^^^^^

D. J. Myers, Paoli.

White pine, ^^^

White ash, ^^

White oak, ^^

Red oak, ^^

Sugar maple, ^^

W. C. Murray, Reynoldsville.

Black walnut, ^^^

C. R. Neff, Centre Hall.

White pine, ^ ^^^

Leonard Rhone, Centre Hall.

White pine ^y^^^

18
Sugar maple,

John Runkle, Centre Hall.

Cal. privet cuttings, '^^^^

Samuel Small, York.

White ash, 2,000

White oak ^^^

Redoak, 1>500

Sugar maple, ^,200

144 REPORT OF THE

A. E. strode, Camp Hill.

Sugar maple,

John Slaybaugli, Mont Alto.

Cal. privet cuttings,

D. M. Wertz, Quincy.

White pine,

I. C. Williams, Jioyersiord.

Cal. privet cuttings,

Total seedlings from the Mont Alto nursery.
Total cuttings from the Mont Alto nursery, . .

FROM THE ASAPH NURSERY.

Rev. Geo. Borneman, Reading.

White pine,

S. H. Boyd, Columbia.

Whi te pine,

Honey locust,

American elm,

Red oak,

American chestnut,

Black cherry,

J. B. Bundy, Austin.

White pine,

Robert S. Conklin, Columbia.

American elm,

Masonic Home, Elizabethtown.

White pine,

Norway spruce,

American elm,

George B. Orlady, Huntingdon.

White pine,

American elm,

C. B. Sherwood, Mansfield.

White pine,

Total from the Asaph nursery,

Off. Doc.

6

1,000

1,000

350

43,904
3,350

100

25
50
50
50
25
25

5,000

25

2,000
,000
200

10,000

200
20

1,250

19,020

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OP FORESTRY.

FROM THE GREENWOOD NURSERY.

Garfield Smith, McAlveysfort.

Black locust, ^^^

Seedlings furnished for private planting by species:

Whitepine, ^^>^^^

Norway spruce, 10,000

White ash, ^,100

Honey locust,

American elm, ^^'J'

White oak, ^^^

Redoak, l^^^O

American chestnut,

OK

Black cherry, ^^

Black walnut, ^^^^^^

Black locust, ^^^

o 974

Sugar maple, ^>^*

Cal. privet cuttings, ^>*^^"

Total, (seedling trees), 63,024

Total, (cuttings), 3>^^^

145

SEEDLINGS FURNISHED FOR PRIVATE PLANTING, 1911.

FROM THE MONT ALTO NURSERY.

Ralph E. Brock, West Chester.

White pine,

Red ash,

Norway spruce,

European larch,

Tulip,

10^26—1911

500

25

2,025

800
24

146 REPORT OF THE

Samuel H. Boyd, Columbia.

White pine,

White ash,

Black walnut,

White oak,

Red ash,

William T. Creasy, Catawissa.

Willow cuttings,

John IT. Francis, Jr., Oaks.*

White ash, . . . . ;

John D. Kulin, Kast Berlin.

White pine,

Black walnut,

Miss Rhodes, Greencastle.

White pine,

M. O. Robinson, Waynesboro.

White pine,

I-eo J. Walz, Wellsboro.

Black walnut,

Total seedlings from Mont Alto Nursery,

Off. Doc.

FROM THE ASAPH NURSERY.

100
100

50
100

50

500
12

1,000
1,000

200

1,000

200

9,486

M. L. Benn, Coudersport.

White pine, 25

White ash, 6

Norway spruce, 25

Tulip 12

Scotch pine, 15

Black cherry, 10

American elm, 10

Red oak, 10

Balsam fir, 10

Samuel H. Boyd, Columbia.

Norway spruce, 100

American elm, 100

Red oak, 100

•Mr. FrnnriH' two llttlo sons, Kntlicrod for tho ns«' of the Ih-partinont severnl pounds of Rood
seed of Pennsylvanin wlilto ash and in n't\irn those few tro<'s were prosontcd Ihoni for plant-
ing, which was douv by i\w hoys thonisi'lvrs and tin- troes cari'd for tiy them.

No. 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

Robert S. Conklin, Columbia.

White pine,

Norway spruce,

European larch,

Jewish Hospital, Philadelphia.

White pine,

^ White ash,

Norway spruce,

Scotch pine,

Black cherry,

American elm,

Red oak,

Lehigh University, South Bethlehem.

White pine,

Norway spruce,

Forestry Exhibit, Pittsburgh.

European larch,

American elm,

Honev locust,

Sugar maple,

Herman Schwartzenbach, Galeton.

Scotch pine,

A. E. Thomas, for Chautauqua Grounds, Mt. Gretna.

White ash,

Black cherry,

American elm,

Red oak,

Honey locust,

Sugar maple,

Western catalpa,

W. W. Thompson, Coudersport.

White pine,

Black cherry,

Total seedlings from the Asaph Nursery,. .

147

15
15
15

500
100
100
100
50
100
100

3,500
2,000

100
100
100
100

6

100
100
100
100
100
100
100

400
100

8,024

SEEDLINGS FROM THE GREENWOOD NURSERY.

Harry Boulton, Houtzdale.

White pine

.r. B. Bundy, Coudersport.

White pine,

3,000
1,000

148 REPORT OF THE

Frank P. Eberman, Media.

White pine,

D. J. Myers, Paoli.

White pine,

J. A. Smyser, Dillsbiirg.

White pine,

K- W. Stocker, Ariel.

White pine,

Total seedlings from the Greenwood Nursery,

Off. Doc.

50

200

1,000

2,000

7,250

SEEDLINGS FllOM THE CALEDONIA NURSERY.

Distributed in small lots to many persons for ex-
perimental planting.

White pine, 2,000

Total seedlings for private forest planting during 1911.

Mont Alto Nursery (seedlings), 8,986

(cuttings), 500

Asaph Nursery, 8,624

Greenwood nursery, 7,250

Caledonia Nursery, 2,000

Total seedlings furnished for private plant-
ing during 1911, 26,860

Total cuttings, 500

Seedlings furnished during 1911, for private plant-
ing, by species:

While pine, 18,290

Norway spruce, 4,265

European larch, 915

Scotch pine, 121

Balsam fir, 10

White ash, ' 318

Black walnut 1,250

White oak 100

Red ash, 75

Tulip, 36

Black cherry, 260

American elm, 410

Red oak, 310

Honey locust, 200

'.a-*w *i

>

H

X
X

<

a

p

p

o

<x>

.^- .'r- ■•.>;••, %^>

" -«ap,,

7/fr':- !

No. 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. 149

Sugar maple, ^""

Western catalpa, J^^

Willow cuttings, ^^^

Total seedlings, all species, 27,360

Among the more notable private plantings made during the period
covered by this report is that by Joesph M. Fox, Esq., on his estate
at Foxburg, Clarion county. Mr. Fox purchased a large quantity of
seedlings from forest tree nurserymen and planted them in a variety
of locations and exposures. The planting was directed by Prof. John
A. Ferguson of State College, and. was under the immediate super-
vision of Mr. Fox's superintendent, Samuel Tippery, who without
question may be said to be the most enthusiastic tree planter in
Clarion county; and in saying this, it must be rememben^d that
Clarion county contains such enthusiasts in the matter of forest pre-
servation and restoration as Mr. Fox himself, his sister. Miss Hannah
Fox, Frank L. Harvey, Esq., all of Foxburg, and Col. C. W. Amsler, of

Clarion.

A very high percentage of successful growth from this planting
has been obtained, for Mr. Tippery nurses along his charges in a man-
ner under the influence of which no tree ought to refuse to grow.

The planting was made at Foxburg in the spring of 1910. This
was an extremely hard season for transplanted trees, but the per-
centage of loss was kept down to a low point because of the care with
which the planting was done. Many of the trees were in bad condi-
tion when received because of delay on the railroad in shipment.
Many were planted which should not have gone into the ground, but
were put there, and necessarily they must come into the count.
The trees planted were as follows:

Carolina poplar, ^^^^0

Black walnut, 1^^^^

Red oak, ^^^^^

White pine, 2 yr. seedlings 5,000

White pine, 2 and 3 year, once transplanted, . . 11,500

Total planted, 30,850

The loss out of the above was api)roximately 15 per cent, leaving
growing and in good condition at the end of the season approximately

2G,000 trees.

A planting of this character is a splendid object lesson in any
community. It is hoped that Mr. Fox will continue his efforts not
only for his own estate, but for the benefit of the remaining lands
in the county, many thousand acres of which might now well be
])lanted up to seedling trees, which within a short time would be pro-
ducing a very appreciable revenue to the owners.

m

\u

i

150

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

A statement of forest tree planting made by the Pennsylvania De-
partment of Forestry and by individuals with trees furnished by the
Department, from the establishment of the Department to Date:

Tear.

Planted by Department
on Reserves.

I

s

g

Supplied by Department
and Planted by Indi-
viduals.

a

s

M

s
o

OS
T3

1902,
1903,
1904,
1905,
1906,
1907,
1908.
1900,
1910,
1911,

6,000

1,600

5,500

40,000

112,550

36,930

88,096

750,318

1,110,018

1,771,454

5,

6.

12,

52,

164,

201,

289,

1,039,

2,150,

3,921,

000
600
lOO
100
650
580
OT8
996
014
468

Grand total.

66,374
27,360

66,374
93,734

4,015,202

REPORTS OF EXAMINATIONS OF PROPERTY AND INSPEC-
TIONS OF FOREST PRACTICE, WITH RECOMMENDATIONS
THEREON, MADE BY DR. J. T. ROTHROCK DURING THE
YEARS 1910 AND 1911.

West Chester, Pa., August 2, 1910.
*'Hon. R. S. Conklin,

"Commissioner of Forestry.

"Dear Sir: June 15th I visited the Pennypacker reserve in order
to make a liasty tour of observaticm. Mr. 11. E. Rryner, forester in
charge, accompanied me through Ounter Valley from New German-
lown. We went as far as the site of 'Old Phoenix Mill,' which is about
five miles southeast of Suudy's in Henry ^'alley.

"I was surprised at the amount of work Mr. Rryner has done in the
way of caring for and improving buildings on State land and in o])en-
ing up abandoned roads. It is true that he has as yet not actually
made roads, but he has opened up enough to make his places accessi-
ble. He has also by harmonious co-operation with tlie township road
oflftcers, succeeded in having work done on important roads which
had hitherto been neglected.

"In Gunter Valley the growth of young limber has been quite re-
markable. The health, vigor, and productive growth cannot fail to
attract attention. Photographs in your possessicm will illustrate this

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT O^ F0Rt3StRY.

151

very clearly. There is also but little in the way of immediate improve-
ment cutting necessary there. On the mountain sides, however, lead-
ing into the valley, there is much old timber which is on the decline
and should be cut as soon as it can be done without loss to the btate.
It is in the way of better timber. It is gratifying to note that
most of the timber on the Pennypacker Reserve is already so well
advanced that the chances of damage to it by fire are greatly dimin-
ished, unless the fire be one of unusual severity.

"Could stave mills or some other minor industry be made profitable
on the State land, to reduce or remove this undesirable timber? It
certainly cannot l)e many years before we may count upon a steady
demand for all the timber that this reserve can spare.

"It is worthy of note also that the growing timber is distinctly
above the average in quality. Scrub oak is being rapidly crowded
out in the few places where it exists, by a vigorous growth of hickory,
red white, pin, and rock oaks, along with yellow poplar, chestnut,
hemlock, and basswood. Two additional fire lines leading from top
of Cumberland Mountain to foot of Sherman Mountain seem also to
me to be very desirable. If we can still utilize twenty-five dollars
a mile on the public mountain roads through this reserve, it would

be money well spent. ^ ^ ,, . •

"Mr. Bryner's walnut plantation on the low ground fields is in a
most promising condition. I know of no other State reserve on which
the black walnut seems to be so thoroughly at home as here. I would
by all means advise that he continue planting it wherever he finds
soil and other conditions suitable.

"The grape vines on portions of this reserve are actually strangling
the supporting trees. Outside of the tropics I have never seen this
so marked as on the ridge south of New (iermantown.

"I desire to say that Mr. Bryner has drawn up an admirable code
of rules for guidance of his rangers. I requested him to forward a
copy of these to the Department for inspection and possible official

approval. ^ t.- i

• "In conclusion, I deem it but fair to Mr. Bryner to say that I think
Ihe ground under his care proves that his stewardship has been wise,
active, and successful."

'^August 15, 1910.

"Hon. R. S. Conklin,

"Commissioner of Forestry,

"Harrisburg, Pa.

"My dear Sir: After my hasty survey of the Pennypacker Res(n've,
I left via McCoysville for Reed Gap in Tuscarora Mountnin S) cross
to Black Log and the Licking Creek region. Owing to the fact that
there has been but little planting done there, the chief object of my
visit was to see general ccmditions. It has been several years since I

162

KEPOHT OF THK

Off. Doc.

was in there, and I was much impressed by the changes in the forest,
due to a rapid and vigorous growtu. ^'o lar as 1 could see, there has
been lit Me or no timber stealing. Alitllin cuuniy has been aoiiig some
commendable and much-needed work on the road, though it is still lar
from being as good as il should be.

''It is quite evident that the ranger in charge has failed to keep
cattle owners from making the reserve a summer grazing ground.
There are certainly several hundred catde in there at present. In a
previous communication 1 have given you the names of some who
Lave violated, and are violating the rules with absolute impunity. I
now suggest either that we enforce our regulations or that we place
certain restrictions up(m the cattle owners and permit grazing. It
is certainly a mailer ot the greatest imporiance ibat the authority of
the State in its own lands should be positively lecogni/ed and re-
spected.

"June 21st, I left Mc\'eytown and went by train to Petersburg,
where 1 met Forester Koy Morion. We immediately siarted for Dia-
mond N'alley. The general character of this reserve is not unlike that
of the Kothrock reserve, — continuous mountain ranges with more or
less fertile valleys between them. Ihe 'lirst b.nch' of the mountain-
side usually c(mtains much good rock oak and chestnut, with other
oaks and hickory intermixed, while in the valleys the chestnut prob-
ably predominates now. Ihe 'second bench', higher up is usually more
rocky in character and has often much jack or pitch pine and locust.
Above this comes the steep, rocky mountain slope, made rocky in ap-
pearance from ilie tact ilial the nigii uegree oi slope lias allowed the
surface mould and soil to wash away to lower levels as rapidly as
it is formed. It is this, too, which makes the soil on the 'benchis'
below so productive; i. e., because they have received the wash from
the slopes above.

''There is a verv considerable bodv of dead standing chestnut in this
reserve which should be removed at once for the following reasons:
First, because unless it is removed it will render useless all attempts
vt reforesting on the ground where it stands, by furnishing fuel to.
destroy the young oncoming growth when the next tire sweeps over
Ihe ground. Seccmd, it can be sold now for a small sum to a neigh-
boring extract works, whereas if allowed to stand longer it cannot be.
I would advise the removal of this dead chestnut as fast as possible,
even if it must be done at a small loss. It would be economv to
liave a good (wo horse team and a regularly emi)loyed driver on this
reserve. The roads are in fair cimdition, and the same mav be said
of the fire lanes, though these (both roads and lanes) should be kept
absolutely free frcmi underbrush, ferns, etc. The planting operations
have been, I think, quite successful, considering all the circumstances.
Of the young spru<e planted, from 00% to 05% is growing, and the
Scotch pine is making a phenomenal growth.

''There is, or was recently, an active demand for old apple wood.
It commanded a good j)i'ice. There is some on this reserve, and much
on the I*ennyj)acker reserve that might probably be turned into cash
without injury to either reserve.

"I was especially i)leased with the cordial relationship existing
between Forester Morton and the community in which his work lies.
It argues well for his success there. He is active, energetic, and wise
in his work, and merits the ccmimendation of the Department.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

15<

"So far as I could observe, the conduct and efficiency of the rangers

i^ s'l tisf actorv

'^I unfortunately neglected to inform myself as to whether there
is easy and rapid road communication between this reserve and Mon-
roe Furnace, if there is not, there should be.

"June 22d I left Mc\ eytown and, via Belleville, reached Greenwood

at 4 P M

"June 23d Mr. Ross and I rode over the old Furnace Turnpike on
eastern side of Stone Mountain to where a wood road diverges to the
left and by way of a beautiful spring known locally as Logans
Spring, entered the Kettle after joining the road from Cooper s Gap.
This spring is not the historic Logan's Spring. That appears to be
near Keedsville, in Kishacoquillas Valley.

"Two things struck me particularly on the road in. One was tne
healthy and vigorous appearance of the young timber. In compara-
tively few years much of marketable value can be removed trom the
Hat before reaching the so-called Logan spring. The second point was
the necessity at this particular point of guarding against forest fires,
a he value of the timber is too great to warrant any neglect on our
part. The system of fire lanes existing and being cut is good; but it is
imperative that these should be regularly brushed out. It is probable
that the Cooper's Gap road, if opened up to the chestnut spring, would
be kept open by travel of the hunters and fishermen. At the same
time it should be remembered that the tire season is coincident with
the fishing season and also that hunters are seldom as carelul as they
should be in guarding against forest fires. r. . -^ .

-From the Big Kettle we returned by Hunter's cabin at site ot re-
cent saw mill, up over old Furnace road past county line monument
to top of Broad Mountain. This old Furnace road is along the north-
west slope of a mountain. It is rocky and rough and to keep it open
looks like something of a problem as it has become deeply washed out
and is now the channel by which most of the surplus ram water
reaches lower levels. Yet it is an exceedingly important thoroughfare.
In my judgment, the road would be most easily repaired by rolling
back into the bed the large rocks which have been taken out, and then
levelling up with smaller stones over which a covering of earth might
be placed. The loose lower bed of rocks would relieve the surface
tlow until the water was at pro;)er intervals turned down the slope
of the mountain. Broad Mountain always has been a lire problem,
and this road is a line of solution which should be recognized.

"From County Monument we returned to (ircenwood, partly by
'Ra^ Hollow' road to intersection of road leading again to top of
Broad Mountain, and thence along Hearthstone road diverging to
no in to inspect what I have named 'Providence Spring. J his spring
seems to me to be the key to the forest fire problem on this Broad
Mountain. It is safe to say that there is one -housairl acres which
not onlv can easily be protected from this spring, but from this
spring only. It never goes dry except during an extreme drought,
and the flow is usually abundant. ^^ , , ^

"My thought is that the road from the furnace should be kept pass-
able to water carts, and that there should be two of these available,
kept in constant coiidition for immediate service. The spring should
be dug out so as to make a small pond and pipe laid from it to a
point down the mountain to which the water could be run by gravity

m

fK?i

154

REPORT OP THE

Off. Doc.

into the water barrels on the carts. This is particularly important
there because the force of lire fighters is small, and a stream of water
from the carts would, in back tiring, be worth many men. I believe
this merits immediate consideration.

^'The lire lane being cut by Forester Kraft across Broad Mountain
to meet one being cut from Sager farm should be completed at once.
1 would further suggest that in suitable weather all the brush which
lines the lire lanes of this reserve be brought to the middle of the
hiue and burned. At present, from its wind-exposed location, it is
dangerous to the surrounding region.

*'June 24th Forester Kraft and 1 drove to the Sager Farm. We
inspected the young trees and found that the insect depredations con-
tinue, though not to the same extent as formerly. From there we
drove down to camp of Kangcr William Wirth, who, with a force of
men, was opening road, mainly along line of Kulp's old Tramway
to Milroy. We found tliis work nearly comj)leted.

"Hanger Wirth is a reliable energetic man, competent to lay out
and build a wood road and able to get good work out of his men. The
road is narrow, much of it is over spouty land, but as a whole it is
satisfactory; and, if I am not mistaken, will before long become an
outlet from McAlveysfort through to Milroy. In my judgment, it is
important enough to widen and care for until it becomes settled and
solid.

"The road from Cooper's Gap via Chestnut Spring should be ex-
tended to meet this road.

"Mr. Kraft and 1 drove to Milroy over this road and thence by the
old Furnace Turnpike back to Greenwood.

"The condition of the nursery at Greenwood T found to be satis-
factory. So far as the nature of the ground allows, the nursery
should be increased in producing capacity.

"On the mountain side, 1 n(>ted a scale insect attacking the but-
ternut tree to a slight extent. Thus far it has done no damage.

"Strenuous effort should be nuide to rid the premises at Green-
wood (and .Mont Alto as well) of the blue weed. It will soon be-
come a terrible pesr.

"It might be worth while to sow alsike clover on the compost beds
1o be turned down and add to fertility by introduction of more nitre
gen. Wood ashes would also be a good fertilizer to add.

"The road to Hig Kettle via Kag Hollow should be made thoroughly
]>assable to County Line Monument on top of Broad Mountain, there
1o connect with one already alluded to.

"June 25th. Left Forester Kraft's reserve and drove via Monroe
Furnace, Pine Grove, and Boalsburg, to Galbraith Gap. This reserve
is in charge of Forester Kupp, and owing to his being laid up with a
broken leg, my companion over the ground was Kanger Koliert Reitz.
1 had two days of travel over the reserve with him. The first day we
went via Galbraith Gap to the Bear Meadows, and crossing by the
more eastern low place, followed an old furnace road out toward
Monroe Furnace. I would suggest that this road be more thoroughly
opened up. It would make an ini])ortant fire lane and be most service-
able as a short road of coinmunicati<m }>etween important points.
Leaving this road at i)oint of intersection of the abandoned Biebel-
heimer tramway, we followed the latter back northeast to the site
of the old Hiram Ross home, and thence through the pine plantation

fi

PLATE XXVIII. — Characteristic Township Road Through Bear Meadows,

Centre County Reserve.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OP FORESTRY.

155

to Saeer house, where Ranger Gibboney is now quartered. Thence
we went to Wii'th's camp. He had gone out to Milroy, but I arranged
for a meeting between him and Keitz in order that they together
might plan for a road to conne.-t the Sager place with Bear Meadows.
An old road can still be followed. Its location is not satisfactory.
The grade is too steep to be of any practical service at a time when
prompt help is required. I regard the sites of Sager Farm and of
Wirth's lower camp as the most important locations m the whole
region. The State has large interests there, and a satistactoiy road
svstem connecting McAlveysfort, Greenwood, Cooper (,ap, Milroy,
'nd Boalsburg, and centering near the Sager Farm, should be com-
pMed as soon as possible. This is all practically assured, except
the easily made road from Bear Meadows to the Sager Farm

"On June 28th, Mr. Reitz and T started again through the Bear
Meadows southwest toward Big Flat, to see condition ot Aat and to
consider the large sjiring on the Laurel Run slope as a point ot ad-
vantage for suppression of forest fires. . , , • i,i„i,

"There remains considerable dead timber in this whole region which
is yet marketable, and it would be well to consider disposal of it
before it has spoiled, and also before the last saw mill has left the

'^'"This 'Big Flat' on Tussey Mountain, seems to be particularly ex-
posed to forest fires. So fas as I Icmm. there are l*"* two reliable
sources of water supply on or near it, .. e., the one on t le Afnca
tracts and the other on the Laurel Run slope of the flat, just south-
west of Bear Meadows. I am of the opinion that if any attempt is
to be made to save that flat, we must have means ot liberal water
supplv for back firing purposes. The sjyring last alluded to seems to
fill tlie requirements of being ample and accessible.

"Returning to Bear Meadows, we went diictly across them in order
to observe the growth of black spruce in the swampy flat. It is very
difflcult to cross the meadow, and only those who have strength,
i.atience, and strong desire to know, had better attemi)t it Hoxv^ver,
ve found the young s,.rucP coming .m very rai-idly, as l'h"togniphs m
vour possession will show. It is a nn^take also to s ppose
that the large spruce has all been removed. This is not so. There is
still a considerable body of it remaining. , ,„ ^ , , „,,„

"I do not vet know enough about these singular 'Meadows' to make
a positive statement, but would suggest an examination in detail
to determine whether a very desirable location for a nursery ^ould not
be found there. The 'murk' taken out exi)osed to the air, well frosted
,md tempered with sand which can be found on tl^e.K'-ound seems to
me to promise well. 1 make this merely as a suggestion. The restora-
tion of timber is going on at a rapid rate

"Taking this reserve, so far as time allowed me to visit it, 1 flna
the roads and fire lanes well adapted for protection, provided they

"'"I'rSref exceedinglv that owing to his injury, I was not able to
have [he companv of Forester Rupp. Mr. Robert Reitz the ranger
i« evidentlv an efficient man. and what is of great importance, he is
a good woodsman and much interested in his work

"June 30th. Left Galbraith Gap and drove to Milroy. where T left
mv team until mv return from meeting of the Forestry Commission.

156

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

"July 4th. Drove from Milroy to old Treaster place, and stopped
over night at house of Ranger Swartzell. While there I examined
the house. It is in evident need of repair in order to save it. The
roof is worn out. It is useless to repair. A new roof is what is re-
quired. It is also a waste of money to plaster or paper until the drip
from above is stopped. The house is not only a good one, but it is
a needed one. It is located just right for our purposes, and should
be kept in fair condition. The present occupant. Ranger Swartzell,
lias at his own expense and the labor of himself and wife, papered
some or the rooms. Some of the weatherboarding needs to be repaired
Swartzell is a good carpenter and my suggestion is that he be au-
thorized to employ an eflicient man during the fire season to take
his place on the watch, and that he, Swartzell, be directed to obtain
needed material and go to rei)airing the house.

''The road from the Treast^er house eastward in the valley toward
the county line is bad, though one may by exercise of much patience
and some skill, get through with a strong wagon and a steady horse.
What is needed is that it be brushed out again and the rocks blown
out with dynamite. It is useless to attempt to make a good road bed
until the dynamite is employed very freely. Then one may begin
to think of a dirt and stone covering.

''From all sides there came to me a revelation in the rapid
growth of healthy young timber. It will be but a few years before
improvement cutting cm a very large scale will be both profitable
and necessary.

"Forester Gardiner Conklin's reserve begins at the county line in
Hunter's Valley. The road slowly im])roved during the first three
miles as we left the ccmnty line and drove toward Troxelville. After
that it became quite passable. I would suggest that this road
from the Treaster place to the mountain road leading from Troxel-
ville to (ileniron is no less important than the one from the Sager
farm to Milroy; and I think it would be wise if it were put into
the hands of Foresters Conklin and Warfield to repair at once. It
would be well to have the men emi)loyed there from now until danger
from forist tires is past. They could work on the road when not re-
required to look after fire, and their presence would be very desirable
as a safeguard.

''On the j)ortion of his reserve nearest Troxelville, Forester Gardi-
ner Conklin has done a splendid service in the road system which
he has planned and built. I consider this without exception the
finest work 1 have seen done on the State reserves. He has trans-
formed one of the most rugged and inaccessible portions of the State
into one of the most accessible.. Over the roughest mountain sides he
has laid out and built with the skill of a trained engineer a substan-
tial road. There is no reserve where such a road will be of more
importance, not only to protect the young coppice growth from fire,
but to preserve the fine virgin pine and hemlock we still have there.
I can only add here again that I hope a similar road may be built
through Hunter's Valley to Treaster's.

"It seems to me that this is a fitting place to add some general
statements as to the results obtained by the labors of the Forestry
Commission.

"1st. The State is now practically in possession of a million acres
,of land which is to be devoted to the growth of timber.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

157

"2d The examination of titles has been so rigidly and systemat-
ically done that the whole of this vast acreage may be regarded as
clear of any cloud on title.

"3d The increase in the value of timber would enable the fetate
to sell in a body all its forest holdings at a large advance oyer all
the money expended to date to purchase, protect, and improve it.

"4th The recent disastrous forest fires in our western States em-
phasize more strongly than ever before the necessity for adequate
appropriation to protect our own State against a like visitation. It
is gratifying to note that in spite of insufficient means of protection
the yearlv average loss by fire in a given term, say of five years, has
been steadily decreasing, and this is due to improved public senti-
ment and to improved methods of fire fighting rather than to any
diminished area of forests needing protection, as has been alleged
The fact is that the larger area of cut-over and abandoned lands should
increase rather than diminish the exposed areas.

"5th I especially wnsh to emphasize the fact that the annual in-
crease *in the value of our ])rotected State forests is greater than the
cost of the protection and care bestowed upon them, and that in this
sense forestry is a good business proposition for the State."

REPORT OF THE STATE FOREST INSPECTOR.

George H. Wirt.

December 31, 1911.

Hon. Robert S. Conklin,
Commissioner of Forestry,
Harrisburg, Pa.

Dear Sir: As Forest Inspector, I have the honor to submit the
following report covering my duties from May lOth; 1910, to December
31st, 1911.

On the IGth of May, 1910, my work was relinguished at Mont
Alto as Director of the Forest Academy and Forester on the Mont
Alto reserve. The work of the year previous to May 16th, was left
in such shape that Prof. E. A. Ziegler, who succeeded as Director,
was able to cover it in his report, and Mr. Lewis E. Staley, who suc-
ceeded as forester, was able to incorporate all reserve business into

his report.

As Forest Inspector, my first duty in the field was the inspection
of 5,500 acres of land in Centre county, oflFered to the State by Messrs.
Harris & Gray. This inspection was made in ccmipany with Dr. J. T.

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Kothrock, and Hon. S. B. Elliott. It was found that a great propor-
tion of these lands was covered with nothing but scrub oak, and that
the tract as a whole was not worth to the State the price asked for it.

Immediately following this ins})ection, a visit was made to the
Clearfield county reserve in company with Hon. S. B. Elliott and
yourself, with the idea of looking into the feasibility of removing tim-
ber which, in a number of places, was already dead or showing posi-
tive signs of a dying condition. It was evident that unless this timber
be removed at once, it would be a waste, and under no circumstances
ife it advisable for those having to do witli conservation, to permit
anything of this kind. Subsequently, satisfactory arrangements were
made for the removal of this timber at a i)rofit to the State.

Late in May, a small tract of land in Cumberland county
offered to the State by J. E. Lehman & Son, was examined and found
to be a satisfactory proposition. The tract for the most part was well
set with young timber, and although it had been lumbered over at
different times, yet there were practically no slashings and little
damage* to the young growth which had been allowed to remain. The
water conditions were good and the land was subsequently pur-
i'hased at a price somewhat below the price first asked.

From time to time individuals and corporations had been making
requests for assistance, which, while they were promptly and freely
answered as far as ])ossible from the office by correspondence, were
not being handled in the way the Department desired to have them
attended to. On the 7th of June a visit was made to Williamstown,
Dauphin county, in response to a recpiest from the Schuylkill-Dau-
phin Tracticm C<mipany. This Comjmny has a small park in Die
neighborhood of Williamstown in which it desired to keej) a sufficient
number of trees to furnish good shade. In some i)laces there were too
many trees and in others the trees were dying. Considerable wash-
ing of soil was going on, which, together with the wearing away of
the ground by tramj>ing, caused the roots to be exposed, and resulted
in some of tin trees being blown over. As far as i)ossible all Ihe con-
ditions were looked into with the superintendent of the park and
the remedies jminted out. Trees which should be removed were in-
dicated, suggestions were made with reference to the prevention of
erosion, the saving of the haves instead of their removal, and the
growing of sod in the more open i>laces.

On the 2r)th of April, 1910, a letter was received from the Highland
Coal Company, of Hazleton. to the effect that the company had
been 'to considerable expense in trying to save the grown timber, and
DOW contemplate some plan of better protection of the timber lands.
It is proposed to cut fire-breaks at certain intervals, sav Ihirtv feet
in width, and have regular insjjections made to discover i)ossible
P.res.' Information was asked relative to the cost and extension of

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

159

such fire-breaks, also in regard to the matter of reforesting their
lands. An offer was made to have the tract examined by an em-
ployee of the Department of Forestry, which offer was favorably re-
ceived On the 14th of June an examination of tract was made m
company with the engineer, Mr. Altmiller, and, after a somewhat
extended trip back and forth across the land it was possible for me
to mark on the blue print furnished by the Company, a scheme of
fire-breaks which cut the tract into fairly equal blocks, and which
should furnish a good basis for fire protection. The principal source
of trouble was from the railroads which cross the tract. It was ad-
vised that a line of four furrows on each side be run parallel to the
railroad or nearly so, at a distance of about 100 feet from the centre
of the right of wav. A number of old roads were found, which were
made the basis of the system, and in only a few cases was it necessary
to use anything else than the old wood roads. Then the matter of regen-
eration was taken up, and detailed information was furnished with ref-
erence to the cost, manner of making, and the results of such work.
It was also suggested that during the fire season a man could be em-
ployed profitablv to open up the fire-breaks and to work up the
rougher material among the trees now on the tract into some product
which could be used in the company's mines or in the nearby markets.
The fact that the coal companies of the State are beginning to ap-
preciate the possibilities of their surface rights was brought out by
this request, as well as by others which were subsequently received.
At the same time informaticm was obtained proving conclusively the
absolute indifference of certain railroads toward the forest fire ques-
tion. While it is true that the majority of the railroads are taking
every practicable step to lessen the number of fires and their result-
ing damage, yet there are still some others which will have to be dealt
with rather harshly before they come to appreciate the damage for
which they are responsible.

On June 17th, in response to a request from Mr. Kembrandt Peale
of No. 1 Broadwav, New York, who is a soft coal operator in Penn-
sylvania, I went to St. Benedict, Cambria county. Mr. Peale owns
land in Cambria, Indiana, and Jefferson counties, in all about 4,000
acres. Most of it is covered with trees in various conditions. The
tract at St. Benedict, however, was a fair example of the remaining
portion, and it was felt that an examination of it would be suffiicent
to give'advice which, would be applicable to all. It was found that
the^'larger trees of the forested areas were (m the decline, and to a
large extent were holding back the young growth coming on under
them. In some places the growth was too open, and in others areas
were entirely cleared. It was advised to remove at once the dead
and dying material as well as all defective trees. Most of this ma-
terial could be used in connection with the coal o|)erations, and would
supply a product which otherwise had to be purchased. It w^as ad-
11

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vised fo plant on the lower fj^ronnd any of the followinj2: hardwoods:
riirkory, red oak, wliite oak, white ash, or yellow poplar. Tn the
fields on tlie hijrher ground, white pine, or Enropean larch are the
most satisfactory trees. Tn connection with this inspection several
ins'ct pests were noted, and inslrnctions were given how to spray
v,m\ with what material.

On the 20fh of Jnne, a tract of about 400 acres near Lon^^fellow,
Mifflin connty, was examined. This tract was beini? offered to the
State by Mr. C. O. Corbin. Tt was fonnd to be a satisfactory offer,
the princi|>al feature beinir that it made possible an ontlet from the
TiOthrock Tveserve to the Pennsylvania T^ailroad alonj^j the Jnniata
liiver, the tract comiiij]: within a quarter of a mile of the railroad
station at Lonnfellow. At the sani;' time, it was fairly well set with
timber of all sizes.

On the 2.*?d and 24lh of .Tunc*, in companv with vonrself, we made
an examination of a tract of land in (lermany Valley, TTnntinsjdon
connty, which was beinj; offered to the State; also a ])ortion of the
Eolhrock reserve. This reserve furnishes a jijood exami)le of. what
may follow careful lumberinj? and protection from fire. A great por-
tion of West Licking Creek Valley has been lumbered over for the
past thirty years and almost continuously, princijially in accord with
the idea known in forestry as ^the selection svstem.' Due regard
was paid .to small sized trees and young growth, so that as little
damage as possible was done. Few fir€\s have occurred, and as a
result the area is thickly s t with young timber of all kinds, there
being almost no waste or barren areas in the valley.

On the 2r)th of June, lion. I. (\ Wiliiams and myself attended a
public meeling held in the inlerest of forestry at Foxburg, Clarion
county, ^fr. J. M. Fox, whose estate is here, has a lively interest
in forestry and has done considerable planting. The forestry stu-
dents of State College have spent several summers on his timberland.
He is satisfied with the results of his plantations, and is trying to
arouse the interest of all the peojile in his neighborhood to the im-
portance of forests and to soil production generally. He has in his
employ a very earnest, capable, and practical superintendent, Mr.
Samuel Ti[)pery. At this niteting, which was held in the Public
Library building of the town, many people were assembled, and
addresses were made on various forestry subjects by Professors Fer-
guson and Clark of Slate College, and by Mr. Williams and myself.
It is of interest to note that people came a distance of GO miles to
this meeling. That considerable interest was aroused was evidenced
by the number of questions asked. The value of such a meeting is be-
yond doubt, and every oi>portunity should be taken to make gather-
ings of this kind common throughout the State.

As a direct result of the Foxburg meeting, a request for assist-
riuce was received from CoL C. W. Amsl©r of Clarion. Mr. Amsler has

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

161

been and is a lumberman. He believes that there is money in trees
i;nd that instead of cutting them continuously it is now time for him
to undertake the care of younj? growth, and do some artificial regen-
eration. In the northern part of Clarion county he owns a tract of
several hundred acres of young white pine and hemlock. These trees
are about 50 years old, and are crowding each other badly. He was
not sure of the course he should pursue in the handling of this tract.
After going among the trers with him, it was possible to point out
and explain why certain of them should be removed for the benefit
of others which they crowded. The open fields on an abandoned
farm were gone over, the local conditions studied, and advice given as
to the manner of planting and species advised.

Tt happens not infrenuentlv that intellip*ent people who come in
contact with tre^s every dav of their lives never learn to distinorm'sh
one fvoe from another. They know that there are oaks, chestnuts,
and other broad leaved treos, but all conifers or everere^n trees are
either pines or spruces. Ai iho same time, there are certain natural
ccmditions which one acquainted with tr' es expects to find at certain
periods of a tree's life. Tt is a real pleasure to the lavman to learn
these differences and conditions when thev are pointed out to him,
and a ben^^fit to the De])artment that such information be given when-
ever possible; because oncp an intelligent ])erson begins to recognize
trees as individuals and not simply as units in a class, his interest
in tree growth becomes real, and in many cases intensely active. It
was in response to a request for information of this kind which made
a stop between trains at Johnstown a pleasure to me. The assistant
district attorney of Cambria county has in his yard a Norway spruce
which, to him, was apparently dying, but which was simply taking
on the characteristic condition of middle life and old age, namely,
the dying of the finer twigs on the branches, near the trunk.

On July 12th, in company with Mr. S. T. Moore, I went over lands
*iu Granville township, Mifflin county, oli'ered to the State by Mr.
Culbertson of Lewistown. A favorable report was submitted. From
Lewistown we went to ^Milroy and then drove across into Centre
county to examine the Collier and Whitmer lands oflered to the
State. After these examinations were made we went to State Col-
lege and the next day down Penn A'alley to Centre Hall.

On the 10th and 20th of July, in company with Hon. I. C. Williams,
an estimate was made of timber on the woodlot of the Gerling farm
near Peiffers Mills, Cumberland county. The owners of this farm
wanted to know how to care for the woodlot, but did not know how
much timber they had nor what might be taken out profitably, ^yith
the assistance of two of our foresters, Mrssrs. Retan and Jerald, a
careful estimate was made according to" species and diameter classes.

11—26—1011

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162

On the 22d of July, in accordance with yonr orders, a visit was
made to Jolin L. Strobeck, forester on tlie ^lonroe county reserve,
with reference to the removal of mine ties from the reserve under his
supervision. It was found that the work was beinjjj carried on at a
profit both directly and indirectly. NoUiinji: but dead limber was
being utilized, and its removal was in itself a matter of lessening
the tire dangtr. The operation furnished emjdoyment to several men
ill the neighborhood, and at the same time yielded a net profit in
money to the Department.

On the way while returning it was necessary to stop at Foulrift
on the Delaware Kiver to insjjcct a cottcm wood plantaticm for Mr.
Leroy 11. Snyder of Easton. The cottonwoods were being attacked
by some species of the clear winged moth, the larvae of which is a
boring insect. It was advised that all sprouts be cut close to the
ground in the fall and new ones allowed to come up the following
&I)ring. The cut sjirouts, of course, were to be burned so that if any
insects or eggs were ui)on them, they would be destroyed. In case
the new sprouts were attacked, it was advised to replace the cot-
tonwoods with some oilier species of hardwood, as with white ash
or the ash leaved maple.

On the 2nd and 3rd of August, an ins])ection was made of the road
work being done by Forester II. J. Mueller on the Unicm county
reserve. Mr. Mueller was making satisfactory progress on the road,
but the iiispecti<m brought out several important matters which
should be handled very carefully and i)ositively by the Department. It
is a well recognized fact that the grading of a road is, after drainage,
tl\3 most imi)ortant feature. The level road, of course,, is (he ideal
one and straightness in many cases is to be desired; bul in mf)untain
C'Us leg^'ons level roads are seldom possible and stra-^htness is seldom
practicable. It is always wise, in view of future use, to k{e]) the
grades <.f roads at a minimum, even at an addition;;.! original invest-
ment of a considerable figure. This road whicli Mr. Mueller was
building is undoubtedly one which will bc<()nie a most import-
ant link in the road system of the reserve; consequently, it should
be carefully jjlaiined and laid out. It was found that the grades
were not regular, and in several locations too great. In another
case proper grade was sacrificed for the sake of obtainiui; a straicht
course, which, under the circumstances, would not in any way shorten
the length of the uoad as <()m])ared with Ihe course which wcmld have
been taken on a salisfachny grade. The fault, however, was not
entirely with tin forester. He Ik.u1 no instrument with which to lay
out his grades other than an improvised level. Each forester should
be supplied by the Depaitinent with an Abney's level. For some time

No. 26.

to come road work will be a very important part of a forester's work ;
Consequently, be sbould be .quipped witb a cbeap but safstactory
instrument with which to do his work.

rie I'eunsylvania Steel Company at Steelton was makmg some
cban'es in grading in and around its plant, and wanted to save the
rees^w a" would^.e interfered with in the till. On August 13t^ the
, after was gone over with a representative on the ground, and found
Tat some of the trees could be saved by building a dry stone wall
a oun^ lach trunk, while others wonld have to be gradually rmsed as
ITm was made. In this connection, observations dunng the last
Z years have brought to light the fact that ground may be placed
arouid locust and horse chestnut trees, without the building of wells
.,„d to a depth of from three to six feet without any apparent injury
to the trees, while oaks rapidly succumb to shallow fills.

On the lOth and ITth of August, in response to a request from
ihe Fall Brook Coal Co. of Corning, New York, a trip was made to
\ntrim, Tioga county, and an examination made of the greater por-
'tion of the Company's land in that county. This -uupany wanted in-
formation with reference to protection and retorest.ng ^^.th the ex-
ception of a small area, the entire tract is covered with ferns hutkle-
berrv bushes, briars, lire cherry, or aspen. The land has been fre-
quently burned over, until nearly all valuable growth - ^es >-ov«d.
The sources of these fires, apparently, is the N. \. C ic H. R Kail-
road. Here and there over the tract arc stumps of hemlock and
white pine, which at one tin.e were from three to five feet in diameter.
There is no question as to what this land could produce, but in the
present condition its produciive qualities are materially reduced and
v-ill continue to decrease unless successfully protected from fire and
<na/.in- It is worthless now and will require a large investment to
n.ake tt productive. Such lands are not only a doad loss to the
owners but to the Commonwealth as well. It seems strange that
broad ininded business men who usually make up coal companies
have not st>en heretofore that they were losing a very valuable natural
resource in allowing these lands to come into the condition m which
Ihrv are now found. It certainly is a suicidal policy. It is supposed
11>a"t under the present conditi.ms the mineral rights of the company
in this neighborhood will be exhausted inside of the next twenty
years In fact, the operations at Pall Brook have already ceased.
All buildings and equipment, even though they may be in good condi-
tion are practicallv a loss. The families who were dependent upon
Ihem for their living now havp nothing uium which to depend. They
must leave the country. Nothing but desolation is in sight for miles
in everv direction. Had these lands been properly cared for, by the
time the coal becomes exhausted, it would be possible tor this com-

1 t

164

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panj to utilize its buildings and probably a large part of its equip-
ment in the manufacture of some product, the raw material of which
tould have been furnished by the forest growth. In this particular
case, the relation existing between coal company and railroad com-
pany is very close, the railroad depending entirely upon coal ship-
ments for its business, and the coal company depending upon the rail-
road for its outlet. The suggestion was made that the suppression
of fires was a question of interest to both parties and that some
iigreemtnt ought to be entered into by means of which the danger
c(mld be lessened. The matter of regeneration was taken up, and
an effort made to induce the company to plant as rapidly as possible.
It seems, however, that the sui)erintendent of the company was not
particularly interested in the proposition. Whether or not the other
officials of the company undertake the work, of course, remains to be
seen.

While on the Union county reserve the first part of August, my
attention was called to the result of a fire which had burned over a
large area the previous year. In one case there were approximately
1,000 acres on the top of Bullalo Mountain which, i)revious to the
lemoval of the large timber, was constantly more or less swampy.
Sphagnum moss was common and the accumulation of litter was in
many places at least 12 inches deep. The fire was a slow smoulder-
ing one and apparently received no attention until the forester ar-
rived on the reserve in September. After the fire nothing was
left of the forest fioor cover; even the roots in the first two or three
inches of soil, were burned. On the side of the hill on Shriner Moun-
tain, facing Kapid Kun, the forest fioor cover was entirely consumed
so that the coppice growth simply fell over in bunches, the fire not
being hot enough to consume entirely the stumps from which the
sprouts grew. On the 18th and IDth of August, these places were
revisited to obtain jjhotographs.

The 23d and 24th of August were spent on the Pocono Lake Pre-
serve in Monroe county. This preserve is owned by an association
of Friends, most of whom live in the neighborhood of Philadelphia.
Around Pocono Lake a number of lots are laid out, which are being
used as sites for summer homes. P.ack of the tier of lots is a tract
of land of approximately 3,000 acres, which is known as the preserve
proper. These people desire to keep their land perpetually in forest.
At the same time they wish to make the management profitable. So
far as the lots are concerned, each individual is allowed to do very
much as he desires so hmg as absolute clearing does not take place,
but the large area is to be managed for the benefit of all. The
Pocono region has been very seriously affected by forest fires. These
people realize that protection is the first important proposition to be

DEPARTMENT OP FORESTRY.

165

No. 2r».

( onsidered. After carefully going over the ground with their repix^-
.entatives, the salient features for a system of fire-breaks were indi-
cated. Next, the matter of general improvement was taken up. l^y
concrete examples it was seen that the dead, dying, and detective
trees should be removed. Most of this material, especially ot the
smaller sizes, would have to be used by the individual owners as
fire wood. The larger materials no doubt, would find a ready market
with the railroad company. There is a large area which could be
regenerated at once. The following species were recommended lor
use- Norway spruce, white pine, European larch, sugar maple, white
ash,* yellow poplar, red oak, and beech. It was pointed out that sev-
eral small nurseries could be established to advantage on the pre-
serve The cost of raising the seedlings would be almost nothing,
because the young people of the Association could do the nursery
work and in this way more closely associate themselves with the
i.lace; and by so doing, develop a proprietary interest in the whole.
On the evening of the 23d nearly all the people of the settlement, num-
biTing about 150, came together around a large camp fire built on the
edge of the Lake, and listened to an address on General Forestry the
difi-erent points of which were illustrated by examples with which
they were familiar. After the address, questions were asked and
answered for about two hours. In fact, the meeting could have been
continuid for a much longer time had it not been thought wise at a

late hour to adjourn. -, ^ o4. i

On the way home from Pocono Summit a stop was made at Strouds-
bur- and a short trip to Echo Lake, Monroe county, to get photo-
graphs of sugar maples which were planted in the fall of 18<G by

Dr. Charles E. Van Allen. . ^ • ^ +

On the 30th of August an examination was made of certain tracts
belonging to Mr. Samuel Small, Jr., of York. These tracts had pre-
viouslv been examined by Dr. J. T. Kothrock and advice given with
reference to them. The gentleman wanted still further assistance in
the matter of determining just what trees should be cut in a tract
needing improvement. The trees were irnue over carefully and marked
c;o that the workmen would make no mistake in carrying out the
ic^eas suggested. At the same time, the planting propositions were
irone over again and the number of each kind of seedlings determined,
«o that Mr. Small would know just what he should order for his

planting oi>erations. . ^ v i

The time between August 31st and October 20th wns s] ent at Ard-

inore helping in the chestnut blight survey of the region along the

main line of the Pennsylvania Pailroad.

From the 24th of October to the 14th of December assistance was

given to the United States Government in the forest survey of the

I *

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167

Ohio Watershed in this State theu being made for the Pittsburgh
Flood Commission. A detailed report of this work will be found at
page 184.

On November 11th, while at Foxburg, Clarion county, it was most
convenient to leave the work in hand and make a side trip for the
investigation of conditions on Big Mill Creek, Clarion county, for
the Marvin Kulofson Lumber Company. On the 12th an examination
of their land was made with two representatives of the company.
The weather was so bad, however, that it was imi)racticable to get
out into the woods and make a detailed examination of the condi-
tions. It was possible (mly to study the general aspect of the land
and existing ccmdilions. It was evident that a more intense system
f)f protection is necessary before any kind of reforesting should be
undirtaken. At the same time, the particular tract which was under
c(msideration had just been lumbered over and the debris was thick.
}t was out of the questi<m, under the conditicms, to jdant any kind
of a complete stand. There were many jjlaces which were almost
free from debris and hindrances to planting which nnght be regener-
ated with little or no trouble. These things were pointed out and sug-
gestions made with reference to a more complete utilization of the
tree tops so as to decrease the amount of slash and the i)ossibility of
fire. Natural regeneration of white ])ine in commcm, and it is evident
that protection from fire will to a large extent, eliminate the neces-
sity for artificial regeneration. In connection with the preliminary
report submitted, attention was called to the fact that the inspection
was not so thorough as it was lioped to make, and that we were not
able to render the assistance felt to be of most value. An ofi'er was
made to attempt another inspection the following spring. In the
spring of 1911, several letters were written to the attorney for the
comi)an3% but no acknowledgments w( re received, and consequently
nothing further done.

January 9th to iMith, 1911, was spent in nuntini^^don countv makinj;
an estimate of limber standing on Ihe George Will tract, located at
the headwaters of Stone Creek. The idea was to determine the
number of feet on 400 acres, counting all trees over ten iches in
diameter. Each tree above this di;nneter was cali]>ered and recorded
according to its dinmeter class and the number of 10 feet logs which
it would make. The tract was first divided into eight sections, the
data for each secticm being se]>arately kept. After all measurements
were taken a table was made showing the number of board feet in treos
of various sizes. The basis of this table was Scribner's Decimal Kule.
Observations, of course, had to be taken as the work ])rogressed, with
reference to the taper of the trees and the general condition of the
timber. After this table was made up the number of board feet for
a tree in each class was multiplied by the number of trees in tlie

No. 26.

class and from these results the total amount on the area. It was
found that there were over 3i million feet on the total area. For-
esters Kraft, Ludwig, and Warfltld, and Rangers Wirth, Koss, and
Gibboney assisted in this work. The running of the lines dividing
the large tract was done by the surveyor of the Dc] artment, :Mr. S. T.

Moore. ,

On the 31st of January, 1911, in response to a request from the
Moravian congregation of Nazareth, an examination of about TO
acres of timber land belonging to this congregation was made. Most
of the timber was badly in need of improvement cutting, and some
regeneration was necessary. There was considerable hickory mixed
with other hardwoods, but most of it was badly attacked by the
hickory borer. Little or nothing can be done to prevent the ravages
of this insect; consequently, the wise thing to do is to remove all
hickory and utilize it while still good. Directions were given for the
improvement of the areas according to what is known as the strip
system of cutting, natural regeneraticm being ;nignienled bv arlih-
cial regeneration. After the examination I m t the Hoard ot 1 rustees
of the congregation, and in a very informal way went over all of the
features to be considered and explained each one in detail to tliim,
as well as many of the general ideas of forestry work.

From here a trip was made to Keading, at the retpiest of the Heading
Board of Trade. On Mount Tenn, east of the city of iJeading, a stone
quarry which was rapidly destroying the l»eauly of the mountain,
had been in operaticm. A public spirited citizen took ste]>s to i)urchase
The tract and reclaim it, his idea being to donate it to the city to be
incorporated into the park system. This gentleman desired as-
sistance in the matter of determining just how to cover up the scar
which had been made on the face of the mountain. Near the stone
(luarry, in an uncom])leted state, was a building known as the Pagoda,
the plan of which follows closely the idea of Chinese Pagodas, and
from which one obtains a beautiful view of the city of Heading and
the whole Schuylkill Valley. In reforesting the hillside, there is
no tree wliich would set oil the pagoda 1o betK^r advantage than the
Norway spruce. Of course, for the stone quarry, there was nothing
left but to plant vines of various kinds and small evergreen shrubs.
On the evening of the second of February, the Board of Trade held
its annual banquet, at which the Forest Inspector was the guest of
honor, and at the proi)er time he was asked to make some remarks
touching the proposition which had been gone over during the day.
In those remarks attenticm was called to the fact that commercialism
had g(me too far in this country, to the detriment of the aesthetic
side of our lives, and especially so in our cities. Attention was called
also to the magnificent opportunity which the city of Heading has
to establish a municipal f«»rest nf ter the manner of the many German

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cities, with which, perhaps, tl\e citizens of lleadiiij^ are most familiar.
Later the Keadiiig ''Eagle" requested that an article be prepared for
them in accordance with the ideas set forth before the Board of
Trade. The article was published at length in their issue of Feb-
ruary 20, 1911.

During the month of March, small woodlots belonging to Mrs. S.
C. Alexander, of Shirley, Iluntingdcm county, Mr. J. 11. Sheble, at
Moselem, Berks county, and Mr. I). J. Collins, at Wawa, Delaware
county, were examined with reference to improvement work and
planting. Conditions were not very dissimilar. It was simply a
matter of removing dead and defective trees in each case and filling
in the open spaces with any of the desirable hardwoods or conifers.
An examinati(m was also made of a tract of land in Cumberland
county behmging to Mr. Harry A. (JrilTie, of Bloserville. This tract
was being otlered to the State for purchase, and it was favorably
reported upon.

From the 22nd to 24th of March, a great portion of the McEl-
hattan reserve in Clinton county was examined, to determine the
tjmount and condition of timber which might be advantageously re-
moved. It was found that approximately 7,000 acres of land had
been burned severely in the last several years. There are practi-
(ally no timber trees on the whole area except a few along McEl-
hattan Bun. Many trees are dead and most of the remainder are
ladly fire scarred. There are at least 2,000 acres upcm which im-
provement operations could be carried on at a profit both to the
Department and to some individual. Mine props, railroad ties, ex-
tract and ])ulp wood, as w^ell as basket bottom and stave stuff, are
available. It is certainly to the advantage of the State to have all
such material removed from the reserve as soon as possible, even
at a minimum of profit. On the 19th and 20th of April, another ex-
amination was made of this reserve to find a situation where plant-
ing of seedlings might be done satisfactorily. Such an area was
f'>und, and from the first to the eighteenth of May, with the assist-
ance of 18 students from the Forest Academy and 10 to 15 hired men
of the neighborhood, a])proximately 215,000 seedlings ^vere planted,
of an expense of |1,561.12, or an average cost of |7.26 per thousand.
The- items of expense are as follows: Seedlings, $508.20. These were
obtained from our own nurseries, varying in price from $1.50 per
lliousand to $4.00 ])er thousand. Tlie majority, nearly 200,000 two-
year old white pines, were at the rate of ?2.75 per thousand. Trans-
portation of seedlings, water, students, camp equipment, etc., $218.75.
Labor, including time of students and of Forest Inspector, $490.47.
T'ood and ramp supplies, $247.70, making a total of $1,501.12. The
rrea planted was burned over in 1910. The fire killed everything
except the larger pitch pines, rock oaks, and chestnuts. In many

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OP FORESTRY.

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[»laces the humus was burned to the soil; in other places there was
still a mat of humus ami roots to a thickness of about two inches.
In other places the ground was so rocky that certain spots had to
be passed over without planting. During the summer of 1910, some
sprouts grew to a height of three or four feet. Planting had to be
done among the dead and living clumps of sprouts, fallen trees, and
snags.

On the 7th of April an Arbor Day address was given at Elizabeth-
town College, the subject being ^'General Forestry."

On the 28th of April, a paper was read at the Arbor Day exercises
fit Susquehanna l^ni versify, Selinsgrove. The subject was "The Im-
X)ortance of Forestry in Pennsylvania.'^

• During the session of the Legislature a resolution was introduced
{isking for certain information relative to the operation of saw mills
on reserves. On the 25th and 26th of April a visit was made to Mont
Alto and Caledonia to obtain facts with reference to the purchase of
ihe saw mill outfit operating on the South Mountain reserve and the
returns which had been received from such operation. The facts
obtained will be found in the report rendered in response to the
resolution.

During May of 1911, another request w^as received from a coal
operating company for assistance in the management of their wood-
land. On the 23d and 24th a visit was made to Kiddlesburg, Bedford
county, and there the suj»erintendent of the Colonial Iron Company,
v/as met. This company owns about 3,000 acres of hardwoods in
sj)lendid condition. Their idea is to manage this woodland in such
a way that they may be sure of a ])ermanent suy)])ly of timber for use
in their mining operations now being carried (m. Tender presmt con-
ditions they contract with a neighboring farmer to cut and deliver
material at a certain ]>rice per ])ie('e, the trees being cut on the Iron
Company's land. The farmer wants to make just as much profit as
possible and cuts where it is most convenient to liimself and in the
most convenient manner. Consequently, the interests of the company
have been sacrificed. The timber which is standing on this land is
more than sufYicient for their present or future nesds if it is handled
carefully. There is a splendid natural regeneration over a greater
])ortion of Ihe area, owing to the fact that fires have not been present
for some time. The whole tract needs to be managed under what is
known as the selection system of cutting. This examination and the
subsequent conversation with the superintendent brought out the
fact that even with the most detailed report the men in the woods
would be as much at a loss to know just what to do and how to do
aF ever. The chances are that they have no one w^ho understands
forest conditions or forest needs. Their tract is too small for them

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lo eiTii>Ioy a forest! r, and the opinion was expressed that the co-
operation of neighboring^ owners conld not be expected. The propo-
sition which conies to this Dej)arfnient is that, if in instances of this
kind, we want to be of real service to the tiniberland owners, we mnst
make some arrangement by which any detailed plans which may be
n.ade shall be started into operation. This may mean the presence
(jf one of onr foresters on the ground anywhere from two weeks to
two months or longer. In manv cases the owners would be willinir
to pay the expenses and no doubt the salaries. At any rate, tliis con-
dition should be carefully considered and all steps taken to make
the forest service of most value to the peoi)le. Following is the report
submitted to the Iron Company:

'^June 7, 11)11.

^^Gentlemen: On the 2:ird and 24th of May, I examined the limber
land behmging to your company, being accomi)anied by Mr. John
Allen, :\[ining IJoss. Tlie company slill owns the surfak' rights to
approximately 1,000 acres of land lying east of l^iddlesburg, there
being about 700 acres in a solid block extending back from the furnace
and two separate tracts i)robably aggregating :J00 acres Iving to the
north and on either side of Kearney. There are also over 1,000 acres,
nearly 2,000 in one body on the east side of Tussev Mountain between
Tatesville and Yellow Creek.

''It is importmant that the comj>any realize that on these tracts it
has a splendid stand of trees well worth caring for, and that it is in
u much better i)ositi(m in this regard than most coal comi)anies in
P( imsylvania, and better even than most companies in the Rroad Top
region. Instead of having (mly bare soil or badly culled areas which
mean great additiimal investments to bring about satisfactory condi-
tions for future timber sui)ply, the Colonial Iron Com])anv has a
growth ranging from malure trees down to last year's seedlings, only
l»ef.^^ing' to be protected and harvested i>r<)i)erly'.

"In the management of any jnoperty, i)rotect*ion is the first frature
to be looked after. In the case of foi-est profjertv, fires are the chief
source of trouble and danger. A]»par(mtly, fires' luive not been com-
mon on most of this land, but they have been jnesent and no one
knows how soon a fire may do irii^paiable damage and cause great
loss. It is wise, therefore, to take steps for preventicm rather "than
to wait until the fiend has put in an ai)peaiance and then trv to stop
It and Its work. Kxj>erience has shown that then it is too late.

''The best jn-olecticm against fires, aside from ]»ublic education and
sentiment, is a complele system c.f well located roads and trails kept
clean frc.ni debris of any kind, grass and we; ds. These roads and
trai s are needed for getting out materials easilv and quicklv and
need not be expensive. A very Utile bit of trouble'and expense would
put all of the tracts in fairly good sha].e tnr protection. In no case
fihould there be a block of land larger than 100 acres which is not
surroumfed hy clean roads or trails; and if the area of such blocks
can be reduced in time to fifty acres, it should be done.

''On the tracts near Kiddlesbrrg, roads are more or less plentiful-
but on the Tatesville proj^ertv there are practically none except a

very few old wood roads. This tract should be looked after at once
in this respect. lUit roads alone are not sulTiccient in themselves.
Some arrangement must b- made to have an employed warden during
dangerous seasons or with reliable individuals near the properties to
keep watch and either extinguish tires when they occur or notify
]>roper employes of the company.

''On the Kiddlesburg projjerties there are evidences of damage to
valuable young growth being done by grazing cattle, especially in the
neighborhood of Kearney. There is practically no trouble from this
source (m Tussey Mountain, at least at present. Many people claim
ihat grazing benefits the forests, but under the conditions existing
on your i)ropertv such a claim is fallacious. If a permanent sui)ply
of timber is to be expected, it is the young growth which must furnish
it, and such a thing is impossible when cattle keep the tender shoots
browsed olf so that instead of young trees being formed there is little
else than brush forms. Of course, where the growth has reached such
a height that cattle cannot bite otf the leading shoot, grazing does
little or no harm. Again, where artificial planting must be resorted
to, as is the case on some areas beyond the mine opening on Six Mile
lUm, the presence of cattle is injurious because of the number of
young trees which they will tramp or break.

''A sudden stop to the grazing proposition would bring all sorts
of antagonism against the company, and it is hard to tell just how
revenge would show itself. Consequently, those in authority will be
oblic-ed to study the question carefully and do the thing which is
likely to bring the best lesults. In several instances satisfactory re-
sults have been brought about by corresi)ondence with each cattle
owner, explaining the reason for sto])])ing ])asture privilege and that
from the standpoint of the owner himself, mountain pasture for milch
cows is very un])rofitable as compared with field pasturage at a

reasonable figure.

"In fact, if the comjiany contemplates active work towards sys-
tematic handling of their forests, the wisest thing it could do would
be to take at the same time active steps toward arousing forestry
sentiment among the prople of the region by a systematic and ener-
getic cam])aign of education. In this work the State Department of
Forestry will ho very glad to be of assistance at any time. The ex-
pense to the coni])any for this work would be a small feature and the
returns may make protection a veiy small feature in the expense

items, as well.

"Fr(mi conditions which exist on Tussey Mountain, it is evident
that occasionally individuals will trespass on an unguarded pro])erty
and remove coilsiderable material. I'nder systematic management
such trespass will cease and considerable value be saved to the com-

I)anv.

"While a system of ])rotection is being planned and provided,
utilization must continue to supply the demands of the mines. All
over the tracts may be found dead material, standing or down, which
can still be used to advantage. On Tussey Mountain near Tatesville;
someone has cut recently a number of rock oak trees and i-emoved
the bark. The wood is still sound. It should be removed and used
at once. To put the present stand of trees in satisfactory condition
for improved future growth, all dead and down trees still of value,
defective trees and mature trees should be removed. The quantity of

i

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such matirial ii»>w on the company's lands would supply all the
l)resent needs for the next lour or live years. And I suggest that
the tracts be divided into live nioi-e or less equal areas lor improve-
ment in the next live years. The lirst area to be handled should be
the one wliere there is such a quantity of down rock oak near Tates-
yille. On the Tusscy Mountain tract there is enough nuiterial which
is not satisfactory for mine puri)oses that the money received for it
in the market would at least pay the transportaticm of the material
used at the minis at liiddlesburg.

*'By making an etlort to improve the whole property in the next
five years, i-oads will have to be opened and constant use will help to
keep them clean, so that protection is being accomplished hand in
hand with wise utilization.

''The method of utilization in vogue at present is very unwise. The
contractor cuts without reference to any ne.ds of the forest as a
whole or to the future interests of the com])any. Stumps are too
high, wasting from ime to two feet of good i)rop timber to each tree
cut. Instead of using tops as closely as could bc' done, small diaameter
decs are cut and made into ti;s. Such trees are making splendid
growth now and good interest financially; hence, should not be cut
for any reason. So use is made of the^ bark which ought to be a
valuable by-product for the company. Ties and proi)s have to be
peeled and bark is worth at least 19.50 per cord f. o. b. Kiddlesburg.
There is no use madc^ of the smaller branch wood, which might be
lut and saved until sullicitnt quantity is on hand every fall for a
series of charcoal i)its, or it might furnish a profit as extract wood.
The idea to l)e kept in view is to use each stick to advantage and to
utilize everything which will yield a profit or pay exi)enses.

''If a close utilization is possible there will be little bother with
brush cm the area acting as fire traps. AVhat brush exists may be
Ncattered evenly over the area and allowed to form humus, which it
will do in from two to three years, or it may be felled in wind row^s
and at some convenient and safe i)eriod, be burned.

*'At the present rale of use, the timberland will more than supply
the needs of the mines as they are now being developed, or as they
are likely to be developed in accordance with the needs of the en-
enlarged and improved furnace. There will, therefore, be a surplus
I)roduction which should be stored in trees of largy size. The present
need of sawc^d stutf is about r>(),(H)() board feet per year, which is now
bought, ^^'ith a snuill mill, such as the Frick Company of Waynes-
boro, Pa., majiufactui-e, and which can be bought c(mip'lete for from
^200.00 to ?27r).()0 all of the company's own needs could be removed
from its own lands and in one or two years the saving on this item
alone would pay for the mill. At the same time other trees could be
used to best advantage and i)ossibly a fair ])rofit made from the mill
simply on the ordinary run of foie.st work.

"Perpetuity of forest supplies mejms regeneration. Over the greater
area, regeneration by nature is being accomplished with splendid re-
sults. There is no reason why such a condition cannot b? maintained
if a little protrctiim is given to the tracts to keej) fires out, and a
little foresight is used in the cutting of the old trees. There are,
however, some badly depleted areas and some oi)en areas which must
be planted up artificially with any or all of the following species:
Locust, white j)ine, and European larch seedlings, or wilh white
rock, and red oak acorns.

"Satisfactory seedlings may be purchased from any of the follow-
ing nurseries at fair market prices. Cards addressed to them will
brTng their catalogues and price lists:

Otto Katzenstein & Co., Atlanta, Ga.

Kelsey Nursery Co., 150 Broadway, NcW York City.

American Nursery Co., 149 Broadway, New York City.

American Forestry Co., S. Framingham, Mass.

Northeastern Forestry Co., New Haven, Conn.

D. Hill, Dundee, 111. i /,

"If the Pennsylvania Deparl^ment of Forestry has any surplus seed-
lings in its nurseries at the time planting may be done by the com-
pany, and a])plication is made in time for them, they may be bought

at cost of raising.

"In the nmtter of jKn'manent management, I suggest that an ettort
be nmde to pool the interests of as many forest owners as possible
in the neighborhood and for the entire area employ a forester. Ex-
]>enses could be shared proportionately according to area, or time
spent by forester on each tract. If some such arrangement cannot
be nmde, probablv a number of owners of tracts not in close proximity
to each other niav be induced to pool their interests. Such arrange-
ments are not uncommon in Europe, and there is no reason why the
arrangement could not be worked out here and made to i)ay.

"Another proi)osition is to employ a forester for a few months and
during that time have him give instructions to (me of the company's
men. ^After ])lans have been made in detail and the young man trained
sufiiciently, dispense with the forester.

"In general, after the five-year ])eriod of improvement has passed,
a system of cutting based on a 50 year rotation should be adopted.
r»y'this is meant that no trees under 50 years old be cut unless they
are defective or in the way of some more valuable species."

From here a visit was made to Altoona to examine a tract of 750
acres west of Altoona, under the management of Mr. A. W. Beck-
man. Mr. Beckman is manager for an estate and desires to keep
the tract in question as a wooded area. At the same time, he desires
to do what is best for the estate, and wanted expert assistance in the
matter of handling the tract. It was found that nearly all of the
trees are defective as a result of fires, and in fact not a few trees
were burned off entirely by a fire which ran over the tract in ^larch
or April. There was only one thing that could be advised and that
was the gradual removal of the entire stand with the idea of inducing
new growth either from natural or artificial regeneration, or botli
combined. Certainly all of the trees are diminishing in value, and
from a financial view the only thing to do is to get the money in
them out as soon as possible. It was recommended that the tract be
cut in the course of the next seven years, working over 100 acres each
year, and detailed arrangements were made for carrying on this work.
But again the some dilTiculty presented its: If as in the case of the
Colonial Iron Company. There was no one to whom :*ilr. Beckman
could give the report or instructions, in whom he could place suffi-
cient confidence in the matter of having them carried out properly.

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On Julj 12th, a return was made to Altoona and another inspection
had of Mr. Beeknian's tract, in company witli two local saw mill men,
when it was explained to them just what ou^^lit to be done in the
handling of the tract. Mr. Beckiiuui intended to try to enter into a
contract with one of the men to carry on the work, with frequent
inspection by the Department of Forestry. To the time of this writing
nothing further has been done.

On my return from Altoona, a stop was made at Juniata College,
Huntingdon, to speak to the students on the subject of forest fires
and their results. The remarks were well received, and immediately
sfterward a request was made for an address before the Teachers'
Sunmier School at the College some time later in the year. x\ccord-
ingly, on July 7th, an illustrated lecture was delivered in the college
chapel on the subject of ^'The delation of Public Schools to Forestry."
On June i:Mh came the sad duty of accompanying the remains of
Forester William H. Kraft to his former home at York, where inter-
ment took place in Prospect Cemetery. Mr. Kraft was graduated from
the Forest Academy in PJOt) in the first class sent out, and is the
first of our foresters to be called by death.

On the ()lh of July a request was received from Mr. W. :M. Don-
alds(m of llarrisburg, to examine a chestnut tree in his yard and
advise what should be done with it. The tree was badly infected with
blight, and although several attempts had been made to save it by
tree doctoring, it was evident that there was no hope of its survival.
It was recommend( d that the tree be removed and destroyed at once.

On the 13th of July, in company with Forester T. Roy Morton, an
examinati(m was made of his plantations and the roads on his i)or-
tion of the IJuntingdim county reserve. We also went over the tract
\vhich is leased to Ihe Federal l^efractories Comj)anv. It was re-
ported in 1910 that :\r()rt(m's plantations had been made at a great
tost and that fully 90% of the seedlings had dird. This report'^was
made by an individual who holds a responsible position, and who had
been in charge of certain planting work which was done later in the
8ame neighborhood. According to the informant's statement, ]>rac-
tically the same laborers were used by him as Morton had usrd.' Upon
investigalicm it was found that the only individual who assisted both
Morton and the informant wns Mi-. Morton's water boy. Further,
that with the exception of a small plantation covering about a half
acre on a very dry shaly liillside, practically all of Morton's planta-
tions up to this time show a growth of at least 75%, and several of
them as high as 95%. The actual record of cost of plantation, in-
cluding cost of seedlings, transportation, and labor, in no case shows
an excess of $10.00 per acre. Morton's roads speak well for the
amount of money which has been expended upon them.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

175

The financial returns which have been received from the Federal
Kefractories Company were dealt with in the report for 1908-09.
There is another feature, however, to which attention should be called
in this matter. Before the Refractories Company removed the stone
from the surface, there was practically no chance for forest growth
to exist. In less than two years after the stone has been removed, a
good growth of hardwoods and conifers makes its appearance. In
one area on which the company worked three years ago, there is now
a thick stand of young locust averaging 12 feet in height. From this
it is evident that the direct financial returns are not the only returns
for the State in this operation.

During the month of July, Mr. L. S. Sadler, of Carlisle, had a
tract of timberland "doctored" by a representative of the Munson-
Whittaker Company of Boston. Mr. Sadler desired that some repre-
sentative of this Department insjiect the work done by the Boston
firm and satisfy him with cmr approval. On August 7th such an ex-
amination was made and the work was found to be entirely satis-
factory. A great deal of their work was observed in the eastern part
of the State, and in no case had any representative of this Depart-
ment reason for nuiking adverse criticism of their work.

On August 9th and 10th, in comi)any with Hon. I. C. Williams, the
first chestnut blight scouts were met at Lancaster and taken to the
chestnut grove at Martic Forge for instruction. The United States
Government had been carrying on investigations of the blight in this
grove through its representative. Prof. J. Franklin Collins. On the
14th and 15th of August these same scouts were met at Delta, York
county, and started on their actual work near that town. While at
Delta, a maple tree which was being attacked by a small maple bark
grub, was examined for Miss E. L. Manifold, and the method of treat-
ment made known.

From time to time during the summer, material was gathered for
exhibiti(m purjjoses. All of the photogra];hic negatives belonging to
the Dei>artment were ])roperly arranged, i)laced in negative envelo[)es,
and numbered. The loose ])hotographs about the Department were
collected from various places in which they had been stored, and
numbered in accordance with Ihe number of the negatives. About
200 photograi)hs were enlarged to the size of 18x22 inches: twenty-
eight log specimens of the most important timber trees of the State
were prepared so as to show the various grains of the wood; a collec-
tion of over 100 kinds of ivoo seeds was placed in bottles and labeled;
a number of cards were printed sotting forth information with ref-
erence to trees, tree ])lan1ing, and Ihe literature of foresli-y; about
two dozen canvas signs were painted containiuG: quotations with
reference to forestry; Mrs. Boyd Bothrock preT)areil for us artificial
sprays of leaves of most of the trees from which log specimens were

12

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177

had. This inalerial, tDgolher with various forestry iiistniments,
maps, seedlings, etc., was shipped to Titrsburgh, and from August
2-ith to Septemlter :Jrd, Mr. McNeal and myself inslalled ihis exhibit
ill Mechanical Hall of the Western Pennsylvania Kxp<»sition Societv
The exhibit remained there until October iMst. Several times durin^
this interval it was j)ossible for me to stop in Piltsburgh and see
how things were going. It was found that many people were visiting
+l)e exhibit and that it was doing a great amount of good. Forester
blames E. McNeal was in charge of the exhibit during its stay in
Pittsburgh, and was assisted by Forester Edgar 11. Smith. Manv of
the people who visite<l (he exhil)ii had never known of the l)ei)art-
ment of Forestry and very little of seeds, seedlings, or tree growth.
The exhibit, (herc^fore, was a revelation. School teachers and school
childnn were especially interested in many of its features. At the
same time, a number of ])eople who h;id timberland or waste farm
land got valual>le inforniaticm with reference to making their i)roi)-
crty more useful. There is no (piestion at all as to Hie fact that the
exhibit was a success. Tt should be maintained, increased, and im-
proved, and kept in readiness for use on other occasions. After the
close of the rxposition, a return to Pittsburgh was made to help pack
the malerial for re-shipment to TTarrisburg.

On Sc^ptember 1st, the Ellsworth Oollieries Company, at Ellsworth,
Washington county, was visited. This eoal company owns thousands
of acres of surface rights. Some of it is covered with hypeiniature
hardwood timber. They were doing some cutting but were not suie
That they were on the right track. After inspection it was found
Ihat their line of action was the only practical one (o take. The
timber was going back and there was practically no chance for re-
generation until the old trees were i-emoved. The matter of regen-
eration was perhaps the most important proposition discussed.'' It
^ras shown that many acres of abandoned farm land which were pro-
Gucing nothing but weeds, might just as well be i)rodu(ing some
valuable tree growth. Suggest icms were given with reference to the
idanting of many acres of such land and information with referrnce
tc tlie (ost and probable outcome. These people weic v(My en-
thusiastic and it is to be hoped that they will start active refnrcsting.
Washington county especially is in nred of timber areas, nnd this
company has a great opporlunity ahead, not only from direct pecu-
niary return, but because of the beneficial results which will follow
to the county and to the rommonwealth.

After returning from Pittsburgh, in company with Uon. I. C. Wil-
liams, a visit was made to the Vale Forest Cami) at Milford, Pike
county, and on the evening of the fmirth each of us gave a short talk
to the students of the school on forestry work in I^cnnsvlvania.

On the sixth of the month an examination was made of that portion
of the Pike county reserve which is under the protection of lianger
E. T. Eiviere. Prof. H. H. Chapman of the Yale Forest School ac-
companied Mr. Kiviere and myself, and together we had not only
a delightful but a very instructive trip. Mr. Iliviere was having
some of the old roads torn up and cleared of stone and roots. It is
very evident that mowing rights-of-way in that region is a waste of
money, for in less than a year's time the sprouts are as high as ever.
The only practical thing to do is just as Mr. Kiviere was given
authority to do, namely, to spend a little more money, tear up the
bare soil, and rake out all the vegetable matter. It cannot be im-
pressed too strongly upon the minds of our forest ollicials and others
as well, that the most valuable fire-break is a strip of bare soil, not
simply an open space free of trees.

During the latter part of the week, a visit Avas madL> to Forester
John E. Avery at Notch, Pike county, with the idea of learning
Komething about the probable extent of the chestnut blight on his
reserve. It was found that while the blight was present, yet appar-
ently it was very inactive, and in some cases seemed to be dying out.
Still, there is plenty of material which should be removed at once.
It is unfortunate, however, that there is no market for the stuff
which will have to be cut out. I believe that one of the most im-
portant propositions for the Pennsylvania Department of Forestry
loday is the collection of complete data with reference to wood
utilization plants in the State and the possibility of the installation
of small establishments in connection with our various reserves for
the purpose of utilizing the great amount of small material which
ought by all means to be removed at an early date.

On the 14th of September a request from the Pencoyd Iron Works
at Pencoyd, Pa., Avas answered. This company owns from 15 to 20
jicres on a hillside near thtir iron works, and by reason of gases
injurious to vegetation coming either from their works or from the
railroad engines passing back and forth, it was a question as to
what species could be planted on this area with a reasonable degree
of success. It was found that the damage was not very extensive;
that the ground was covered with a good coat of grass; white ash,
sycamore maple. Oriental plane, California privet, and ampelopsis
were found to be thriving very well. Most of the chestnut trees which
stood on the area had been killed by chestnut blight rather than by
gases. It was advised to plant Norway maple and Oriental plane
on the hill facing the works, and at the u])i)er end of a ravine hading
back from the railroad, white ash and red oak.

Mr. E. A. Weimer of Lebanon, suspected that a large woodlot be-
longing to him was infected with chestnut blight. On September
20th, his tract was examined and it w^as found that the chestnut
12—26—1911

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blight wa8 present to a considerable extent. Some of tlie old fields
in the neigliborhood of the woodlot were examined and recommenda-
tions made with reference to planting them with forest trees. Mr.
Weimer does considerable planting and has done so for tlie last
twenty-five years.

From here a visit was made to Glen Summit, Luzerne county. The
cliestnut blight apparently is just making itself known in that region.
A nundjer of people of the summer colony av( re instructed with refer-
ence to the identification of the blight and what should be done when
It is found. A trip was taken over some of the surrounding county
and the evidences of forest fires are appalling. Thousands of acres
have practically nothing ui)on them but low bushes. This vast area
Keems to be swept by fire year after year. The people in and around
Glen Summit are interested in forest protection, but for some reason
the fires seem to continue. There is a splendid oppc.rtunity in this
locality for the organization of some co-operative protective associa-
tion. At the same time, the Department should see that a sufficient
number of lire wardens and assistant wardens of the right kind are
properly distributed over the area.

On the 27th of September, a visit was made to (he Pike Kun
Country Club property, some distance from (Jreensburg, ^Vestmore-
land county. This club owns about 300 acres of land near Jones
Mills along Pike Kun. They desire to keep the land, which is now
in timber, always in tree growtli. Improvement cutting should be
done and some planting will have lo be done. A careful examination
of the tract was made and the particular lines of action pointed out
and explain(>d as the examination ])rogresses.

Fnmi herr, in comj^any with Forester John K. Willams a visit
was made to the Stuart reserve. Several changes in the course of
Lynn Kun were proposed along the line of tl,(^ V. W & S K R
which crosses this reserve belween Kector and Somerset * Vffe'r
careful consideration of these, changes at various ,)oints where thev
were desired lo be made, negative recommendations were made with
reference to all of tliem. Later, a porticm of the reserve was ox-
«nmined, a while pine plantation, the lookout cr.n.p oji the top of the
ridge, and the site of the dynamite^ ex,.eriment which is just l>ein-
begun, were visited. ^

Following this a visit was made to Crabtree, north of Oreonshurg
Nvhere the Donohoe Coke ron.])any has about 30 acres which \i desires
to reforrst. Most of this land is hanvn by reasem e,f th. ^ase^s from
iheir coke ovens in the immediate neighborhemd. Fe)r the land which
IS m the direct draft e,f the ovens, (here is perhaps onlv e>ne tree
which will exist, namely, the ailanthus. On the land which is emlv
slightly affected, red oak and blaek locust will be satisfactorv. On
land of a medium condition, Norway maple and Oriental plane are

adapted. It was found here that our common wild cherry was re-
sisting the fumes of these ovens remarkably well; also that peach
Trees are practically unaft'ected by such fumes.

On October third, a visit was made to Mr. F. E. Clawson of Kidg-
way, in order to obtain information relative to the practicability of
ihe use of chestnut wood in the manufacture of wood acid and alco-
hol. Accordingly to his statement, it is impracticable. An effort
was being made to find some satisfactory market for the great amount
e)f cliestnut which would have to be removed in an effort to suppress
ihe chestnut blight in the eastern part of the State.

During the month of October, the following visits were made in the
matter of inspection for chestnut blight: Lehigh Valley Traction
Company park near Allentown; Bethlehem City Water Company's
reservoir near Bethlehem ; Dr. Henry Fisher near Jenkintown ; Mr.
Wilmer Atkinson of Ambler; Mr. Daniel Lammot of Three Tuns,
Montgomery county; the IIummelstown-Brownstone Ce)mpany, Wal-
tonville, Dauphin county. In some instances further advice was given
with reference to improvement of woodlots and of planting valuable
trees te) take the place of the chestnuts which would have to be re-
moved.

On the 2Sth of Ne)vember an interview was had with the Pine
Grove Tanning company at Pine Grove, Schuylkill county, relative
to the installation of a tanning extract plant in connection with their
operations already established.

On the 11th of October a visit was made to the Pennsylvania Chau-
tauqua grounds at :Slt. Gretna, with reference to the planting of sev-
eral hundred seedlings which had been received from one of the De-
I)artment nurseries. The manner of planting was explained and the
best sites feir the various species were pointed' out.

On the 12th, 131h, and Uth of October, an inspection was made
of the results of insect attacks in Elk and Forest counties. It was
found that near Irvine, Warren county, a leaf eating grub which
later develoi)ed into a small white moth, was attacking thers- oaks
romme)nlv classed as red oaks. It was impossible, owing te. iVe late-
ness e>f the season, to find any of these insects. Near Kndeave)r,
Forest county, however, the attack on the oaks seined to have been
e aused bv a bark borer, and no evidences of the leaf eating caterpillar,
were found in some of the trees which had been killed by the borer,
although the leaf eating insect was presenl in the neighborhood. At
present the attack on the oaks seems te) be ])rincipally on the south
and east sides of the Allegheny Biver, and is limited to a strip of
not more than three-fourths of a mile wide along the river, extend-
ing ai)proximate1y from Tidioute, Warren county, to the city of War-
ren. This yrar, however, an attack has beM'n made on the ne)rth and
west banks of the Allegheny near the town of Irvine. On land be-
longing to Hon. N. P. Wheeler, trouble is being caused by what is

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no doubt the turpentine beetle, an insect which eats under the Lark
of the pines, especially the roots and stumps, seldom going more than
three feet from the ground. They girdle the tree and, consequently,
biing about its complete duith in about two years after attacking
it. This beetle has its parasites, some of which were obtained and
turned over to the Division of Zoology for identification and investi-
gation as to the possibility of jiropagation. The distressing feature
with reference to the turpentine beetle is that it is now attacking the
primeval pines, and it seems that as the area of primeval forest is
K^ssoned, the attack on the lemaining trees becomes more virulent.
The conditi(m of all'airs seems to be that with the destruction of
forests, jiriucipally by fire, the number of insectiverous birds has been
naturally reduced, and at the same time, if what a recent German
entomologist has found, hu true, fires, in destroying the forest floor,
have destroyed the parasites of injurious insects in a much larger
(juantity than they have destroyed the depredators themselves. I
believe thoroughly that we have almost reached the point, if we have
not already reached it, where it is necessary to take up actively the
matter of propagating insect parasites and insect eating birds as a
business. Each year is going to see the damage from insects increase
unless these two jiropositions are adopted and pushed vigorously.

In connecticm with visit to the Whreler & Dusenbury lands in For-
est county, it was found that these gentlemen still own from 10,000 to
ir>,n()0 acres of the finest primeval i)ine in the Htate of Pennsvlvania.
The timber will average at least 50,000 feet to the acre. ManV of the
trees are live ftn^t in diameler and 180 feet high. The local assessors,
especially in Forest county, are assessing the lands on the following
basis. Land itself, $2.00; white pine, either jn-imeval or second growth,
^lO.iH) per thousand; hemlock, |7.00 per thousand; oaks and hard'
woods, IG.OO per thousand. The millage annmnts to 41 mills. Under
these conditions there is only one thing for the lumber company to do
namely, ^i^i rid of its timber as soon as jK.Nsible. Such an assess-
ujent is suicidal to the county, and ought by all means to be corrected.
It IS doubtful if there is any other i)lace in the State of Pennsylvania
Nvhere more careful lumbering is being d(m(^ These people ^are in-
tensFly interested in conservation, and are using everv possi))le
Jnnount of the material which has been cut; and when they are
through with an ojieiaticm there is practically such a small amount
of slash that disastrous fires are impossible. In ten vears after they
have lumbered over an area there is ])resent on the land a splendid
growth of young hardwoods and conifers.

From the lOth to th. 10th of October, an inspection was made of
certain dead timber on the Camenm county reserve. It was found
that at the head of WykolT Kun there is approximatelv 500,000 feet
of white pine, hemlock, and hardwood killed by a recent fire. Insects

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

181

are attacking the trees, and unless removed at once, the timber will
soon be valueless. Bids were called for and it is to be hoiied that
the timber will be removed this coming winter. The location of this
timer is at such a distance from nmrket that only a very small price
can be expected for it; but a small profit is far better than having

the material go to waste.

After packing the Forestry Exhibit at Pittsburgh on the 24th of
October, a visit was made to Mr. J. G. McCaw of Freedom, Beaver
county. Mr. McCaw owns a hillside back of Freedom which he desires
to have completely covered with tree growth. This would require
some artificial regeneration. It was found that any of the nativ.-
hardwoods are suitable for his ccmditions. In one small patch it was
thought wise to plant black locust. For a wind break about his
house on the top of the hill, Norway spruce was recommended.

On the 25th an inspection was made of some catalpa plantations
belonging to Hon. Andrew A. Thompscm of Uniontown. It was
found that with the cultivation which was given these seL'dlings
the last year, growth has been very satisfactory. Mr. Thompson is
rather experimenting with the catalpa, and it will be interesting to
know just what results may be obtained. He was induced to experi-
ment further with our native black locust, and also with whit? pine,
under the same soil conditions, but without cultivation.

On my return home from Uniontown, a stop between trains was
n.ade to consult with Mr. Benj. F. Watkins of Johnstown, with ref-
erence to some planting which he proposed to do at a future time.
There was nothing positive as to his work, but he is interested in
the movement, and in case he obtains the land which he expects to
purchase, no doubt a number of acres will be reforested.

In January, 1011, instructions were issued that an investigation
should be made relative to whether it would be practicable or profit-
able for the Department to own and operate acid factories on the
reserves. In taking up the matter of the distillation of woods it
was shown that very little information was available in book form
and that those connected with the business itself were not disposed
to give out much information. Oowrver, from data collected relative
to the cost of installation and maintenance, it was found im])Ossible,
under present conditions, for the Department to go into the business.
There seems to be no reason why such ])lants in connection with for-
est reserves would not be profitable, but it is out of the qurstion for
the Department to make the necessary initial investment. In this
connection, attenticm should be called to the fact that the existing
laws practically make it impossible for the Department to establish
utilization ])lants of any kind in connection with its res-^rves. There
are many places where small establishments which could utilize much
of the product of little value for timber might be erected and made

182

REPORT OF THE

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to serve the State in a very profitable way. It is necessary that the
Department take steps at once to bring such matters to the attention
of private individuals, as for example, through different boards of
trade, who may be induced to establish plants, the Department guar-
anteeing a definite amount of raw product for a certain number of
years. Of course, it must be understood that tlu' amount of material
guaranteed shall not exceed the minimum i)roduction of the area
fiom which it is to be drawn. This proposition brings out the imme-
diate necessity of the Department's knowing exactly the amount and
character of the stock of trees which is standing\ipon each of its
reserves, at the same time, a knowledge of the possible i)ro(lucts into
wliich various kinds and conditions of trees can be made.

Time not occupied with field work was spent in giving assistance
1o the clerks of the Department in their work; conducting corres-
pondence dealing with questions concerning the handling of wood-
lands, the growing and planting of trees, and others of" a similar
character; collecting historical notes relative to the forestry move-
ment in Pennsylvania. A manual for foresters was begun and carried
along to some extent. An outline for uniform reports from foresters
^ as suggested, and revised later in conjunction with Hon. T. C. Wil-
liams; a number of the forms used or to be used by the Department
of Forestry were made up or suggestions for revision were made
All forms were numbered so that in the future each mav be known
by number rather than by description.

The reports of the foresters in the field for 1010-11 were received and
a synopsis made of the important facts which thev brought out
preparatory to publication of the Department report for the years

The necessity for an educational campaign has been verv definitely
observed, and an outline for educational work which a man could do
for the Department of Forestry will be found elsewhere in this
volume. This is one of the lines of development which should be
considered an immediate necessitv.

In order that foresters may more properlv do the work which is
required of them, they should be supplied with suitable instruments
by the Department. If the Department does not care to furnish
instruments without proper security, a deposit may be required to
cover careless usage or breakage.

From time to time, different far sighted policies will necessarily
have to be determined. Among others which are immediatelv press-
ing IS a departmental policy with reference to the distances apart at
which various species and ages of forest trees shall be planted
Another is the consideration which each forester shall give the de-
velopment of his road system, especially with reference to markets
vnd grades. Here also might be mentioned the relation existing be-

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OP FORESTRY.

1S3

tween artificial regeneration and protection. There is no use in mak-
ing plantations of any kind without a reasonable degree of protection
being guaranteed. Under present conditions this does not always
exist. Every effort of the Department must be exerted toward pro-
tection as a primary feature rather than artificial regeneration.
More roads, trails, fire towers, and telephones are a necessity. An
example proving the case is the matter of the planting on the McEl-
hattan reserve in the spring of 1911. At an expense of over |1,500,
215,000 seedlings were planted on an area approximately 100 acres
of burned over land. It took over two weeks to do this work, and
during that time, because of incomplete protection, at least 4,000
acres of State land which had been recently purchased, were burned
ever. The fire had been burning for almost a week before those who
were doing the planting knew of it, and theji probably little would have
been done had not the planting crew investigated the matter and
begun an attack on the fire. On most of these 4,000 acres there stood
the prettiest stand of young oak and chestnut about 15 feet high that
could have been found under any possible condition. To-day every
tree on the area is dead, the humus and accumulation of twenty years'
growth is burned, and the State has the land left. One-tenth of $1,500
would have prevented the burning of this tract and there would have
been left at least 10,000,000 tre«s twenty years old. It would have
been cheap regeneration.

It appears that it would be of great value not only to the Depart-
ment but to the woodlot owners of the State as well, if a consulting
forester connected with the Department were available for the service
of these people, provided they pay the expenses connected with the
work which the forester would be obliged to do.

It is time for the Department to consider earnestly remedies for
insect troubles, especially the matter of artificial propagation of insect
eating birds and parasitic insects.

In connection with the study which should be made concerning
timber users of the State and the specifications they require for the
raw product, a forest map of the State should be made similar to
that which resulted from the forest survey of the Ohio watershed.
The argument has been advanced that such a map could not be made
and finished before it would be out of date. That is relatively true,
but the fact remains that the Department of Forestry and the people
of the State do not know how much forest area or forest growth there
is in Pennsylvania. For the establishment of a wise policy and for
the information and assistance which should be forthcoming from the
Department, such a map is a necessity. With the number of trained
foresters in the service it would be possible to keep such a map re-
vised and practically up to date with little expense after it has once
been made. In this connection, there should also be made a detailed
study of the tax question with reference to forest lands.

184

HEPORT OF THE

Off. D(Sv

The Depniinieut is now charged with the matter of the collection
of forest tire statistics, timber cut statistics, and any o1h:r informa-
tion relative to forests which it may be able to get/ The forest fire
warden system is also a branch of (he Department of Forest ly. There
is need, as mentioned above, foi- the extension of foresti-v edncation.
All of these features point nlfimately to thr^ location in each county
of a representative of this Department who shall take care of forestry
affairs in his ])articular county, keei)ing the Department jirompted
with reference to the data which it desires, and at the same time
rendering all available assistance to private individuals in thp hand-
ling of their w(HKll<Hs and forests, snpervising the forest wardens
hear their complaints, and audit their accounts; and also reach all
classes of people who may be concerned in anv way oi* ou-ht to be
concerned in the matter of propagation or i)rotection of fomsts

llEPOKT ON FOKKST SUKXEY OF THE OHIO WATEKSIIED IN

PENNSYLVANIA.

CJeorge H. Wirt, Forest Inspector.

^In the report of the Department of Forestry for 1908-09, pages
127 to 137, Dr. J. T. Kothrock has described the conditions existhi-
within the Ohio watershed in Pennsylvania south of a line extending
from Pittsburgh to El)ensburg. Ho shows forcibly the use and nc"
cessiiy of the conservation of soil, and the erosion which is due to
ditlerences in elevaticm. He also calls attention to the possible water
iK)wer in connection with storage reservoirs for the regulation of
flood waters, and the elliciency of forests as preventives of erosion.
Ihe lact that these cannot be satisfactorily undertaken bv individuals
IS commented upon and consequently the necessity of State owner-
ship of waste and forest land is made plain. His investigation was
carried on for the purpose of determining the possibility of the estab-
lishment of a State reserve within the Ohio wateisled, and his in-
formation has led him to believe that under present conditi<;ns it is
practically out of the question for the State to purchasa anv extended
areas within the region. The suivey of the whole Chio vateis'ed in
lennsyivania which was carried on during 1910, and with whirl, rep-
resentatives of this Department assisted, has led , racticallv to the
s.)me crmclnsion. The following is a report upon this work by the
Forest Inspector: ^

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

185

Owing to the numerous and very disastrous floods occurring at
Pittsburgh in recent years, the combined Chambers of Commerce of
Pittsburgh and Allegheny formed a Flood Commission to investigate
conditions in and around Pittsburgh as influencing floods or tending
to influence flood stages, as well as to gather information on the
general condition of the watersheds concerned; and, after due con-
sideration of such information, to formulate plans for reduction or
control of flood waters so as to minimize the damage occasioned.

The Flood Commission has been increased by its own appointments,
is being aided by a number of prominent individuals interested in such
\\ork, has a corps of engineers and draughtsmen employed, and is
pushing the work rapidly. Detailed surveys are being made of the
river beds and banks in and near the city. One engineer was sent
to Europe to study the control of streams there. The reconnoissance
work of the entire watershed was taken up with the U. S. Forest
Service, and it was with this work that the Pennsylvania Depart-
ment of Forestry assisted.

The Commission proposes the building of numerous dams within
the watershed to store flood waters. Dikes and retaining walls are
to be built within the city limits. Dredging, of course, must be con-
iinued when necessary. The legislature is to be asked for financial
assistance and for legislation leading to the establishment of forest
reserves within the watershed, the regulation of woodlots, and the
planting of waste and other areas.

Mr. J. H. Foster, of the U. S. Forest Service, w^as placed in charge
of the reconnoissance work, and, with Mr. W. W. Ashe, also of the
National Fore.st Service, came to llarrisburg, October twelfth, to ask
assistance of the Pennsylvania Department of Forestry. The work
was to be completed and the final report submitted to the Flood
Commission before the legislature met, so as to be used in making an
appeal. The National Forest Service did not have men available for
the work, and recpiested that the State Service participate in the
work. The National Service would compile and be responsible for
the report, but the State Service should have copies of all notes, maps,
etc. connected with work.

On October twenty-fourth, Forrest H. Dutlinger, John R. ^Yilliams,
Walter D. Ludwig, and George H. Wirt met Messrs. Foster and Ashe
at Blairsville, Indiana Count\, and for several days were under their
direction to learn the method of survey desired and the character
of notes to be kept. The following outline was submitted and gener-
ally followed, with the exception of the method of procedure. It was
found to be more practicable to use a horse and buggy than to go on
horseback.

186

REPORT OF THE

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OUTLINE FOR EXAMINATION OF FOREST AND SURFACE
CONDITIONS ON WATERSHEDS OF THE ALLEGHENY 4ND
MONONGAHELA RIX'ERS TO BE MADE FOR THE PITTS
BURGH FLOOD COMMISSION.

Field Study of Local Conditions.

A. Forest and Surface.
The surface of each of the smaller watersheds should be divided, as
daily reconnoissance proceeds, into two classes:
1. Thosf^ areas well suited for farming, and which have gentle
topography and deep soils which are subject to slight or no
erosion, and the runoff of storm water from which is not
sufficiently precipitate to contribute deleteriously to flood
crests. The protection of such lands by forests would be
undesirable and imi)iacticable.

a. Areas of this character, especially if divided into small

farms should be indicated and their outlines shown on
the map.

b. The general proportion of forest, cleared, and grass land,

should be noted, ascertaining it by observation and in-
quiry.

c. The character of the soil and topography.

d. Character of the woodlotsand the humus conditions in

them.

2. The areas of steep, hilly, and mountainous land, particularly
those having shallow or clay soil, the runoff of surface water
from which is sufficiently jirecipitate to contribute exces-
sively to flood waters.

a. Forest, cleared, and grass land should be mapped.

b. Soil and topographic conditions should be noted.

c. Areas of cleared land which are either (1) eroding, or

(2) which are objectionable on account of steepness
should be noted. ^

d. Forest types should be mapped.

e. Condition of humus in types should be noted and fre-

quency of fires ascertained.

f. Areas which should largely reniain in permanent forest

or which should be planted should be indicated
B. History of the forest conditions and stream-flow conditions should
be ascertained, where possible, by inquiry.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OP FORESTRY.

18:

C. Permanent and temporary effects of denudation on stream-flow

and floods.
]» Changing of channels of streams.

E. Large tracts should be listed and the prices of land ascertained.

F. :Methods of planting waste land in different forest types should be

considered.

Method of Procedure.

Mapping to be done from horseback, following ridge roads. This
should permit from 1^ to 2 miles to be mapped on each side, by the
use of field glasses, from 80 to 100 square miles being covered a day
in the forested districts, and from 100 to 150 in the agricultural.
Ihe general character of the topography, the parallel NE and SW
mountain ridges with intervening agricultural valleys over the eroded
parts of the w^atersheds, is adai)ted for rapid field work. The forest
types occupy parallel zones over the mountain slopes.

The following symbols and colors should be used in connection with
mapping forest areas in Pennsylvania.

Blue — Fores ted.

Red— Cultivated.

Ill — Burned.

— Burned annuallv.

Br. — Brush.

E. — Eroding.

Green line around a forest area indicates it should be retained in
forest.

R. — Very rocky soil.

S.S. — Shallow unabsorptive soil.

Q. — Mixed oaks and chestnut.

B.B. — Basswood, beech, and birch type, and maple.

II. — Hemlock and hardwood.

W.P.— White Pine (and Oaks).

Sp. — Spruce.

BBA. — If Aspen occurs with BB add A.

Humus Types.

I. Humus under natural conditions, dei)ending upon forest types.
TI. Humus slightly disturbed — occasional fires, lumbering or cattle.
III. Where litter is destroyed frequently and hence humus does not
form.

On the twenty-eighth of Otcober we separated at Latrobe. Mr.
Foster and two other men from the National Forest Service were
to work Forest, Warren, and McKean counties and portions of Elk,
Clarion, Jefferson, Potter, Crawford, and Erie counties. In fact.

188

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No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

189

they had been working in Forest, Clarion, Jett'erson, and Elk coun-
ties for two weeks. Mr. Dutliuger and Mr. Wirt were to work Ve-
nango county and everything not then worked, down to IMttsburgli.
^Ir. Williams and Mr. Ludwig were to work everything south of
Pittsburgh. After finishing the work in this State, Mr. Foster had
some work in New York and West Virginia.

The mapping of wooded areas was done either on plain county road
maps or on U. S. Topographic Quadrangles. When the latter were
used, the work could be done more quickly and accurately. The
method of woik was as follows: An area to be inspected and mapped
was chosen. The highest points in the region were selected to best
advantage for getting a good view of as large an area as possible; as
for exami)le, overlooking the basin at the head of a stream, at the
head of a valley or number of converging valleys, etc. A circuit of
roads was then chosen to take in as many of these points as possible.
From these higli points on a clear day, all wooded areas within a
radius of two miles can be sketched on a topographic map fairly ac-
curately, and often those at a much greater distance. Small pocket
<()mj>asscs v/ere used for orienting the maps, and occasionally a field
glass was of advantage in locating certain points or objects more
accurately.

The road maps available were not always correct, and caused some
trouble in getting about, and no doubt some inaccuracies in mapping.
The weather was (lie greatest drawback in the work. It was too
late in the season when the work was begun. Snow fell in the north-
ern and southern parts of the State just after we began, and bad
weather continued until we finished. Rains made the roads heavy;
later snow made many of them impassable. Falling snow did not make
mapping impossible, but made it disagreeable work and required
longer drives and more time to cover the area. Wind and zero
weatlier also added to the dilliculties. Heavy roads made double
teams necessary, and liverymen charged extra high vnten.

On the Greensburg, Amity, Freeport, Elder's Kidge, Claysville,
Rogersville, Waynesburg, Masontown, and Uniontown Quadrangles,
the U. S. Geological Survey had data concerning location and area of
wood lots, so mapping was unnecessary. We simply made an in-
spection of the region so as to determine species, condition of wood-
lots, soil, erosicm, and note other items of interest. This work could
be done quickly, and had the Survey completed the same work on
tlie other quadrangles, the entire work could have been finished in
about half the time. The State Geological Survey Commission should
strongly insist upon this work. Incidentally, the Commission should
be given more money so that more work can be done in Pennsylvania,
fjspecially in the region of the Forest Reserves.

The topography of the watershed north of Pittsburgh shows four
distinct characteristics, viz: The more or less broad and flat plateau
lands, the gentle slopes of basins at the heads of streams, the rounded
lidges and knobs resulting from the erosion of the old plateau by
numerous streams, and the steep slopes along the Allegheny River
and its tributaries for some distance back from the river.

These steep slopes are nearly always uncleared, although it can
hardly be said that they are always wooded. It is certain that they
should be kept in forest, which should be managed under the
selective system. At present these slopes range in condition from
being covered with a fairly normal stand of young growth to being
practically bare by reason of reckless cutting and handling. In most
instances hardwoods predoniinale, but there is usually enough
])ine and hemlock present to indicate that conditions are favorable
to their growth ; in fact, in some instances there are pure coniferous
stands of good thrifty growth.

The broad, flat plateaus are adapted to agriculture so far as the
topography is a determining feature, as well as the basins of gentle
slopes, and are generally cleared. In some portions of Venango
county, however, these regions have sandy soil which can be kept in
good fertility only by careful farming. There is little danger of ero-
sion, but it is a question if forestry would not pay better than agri-
culture on at least fifty per cent, of the total cleared area:

Within the oil region, land owners generally do not farm more
than is necessary, depending upon the returns from oil and gas for
their wealth; but in some way they manage to keep what land is
cleared in a clean condition, and it may be said safely that in Ve-
nango county not more than one per cent, of the cleared land is
waste land. A far liigher percentage of the wooded areas may be
called w^aste or brush.

The rounded ridges and hills of Armstrong and adjoining counties
jjre generally cleared, except for small WT>odlots. For the most part
these hills are stfeep and to be kept from eroding must be maintained
in grass, the ratio running from one-third to five-sixth of the cle ired
area. When cultivati(m is desired, it is necessary to practice con-
tour ])lowing and cultivating, in order to prevent erosion of the clay
or shale soil. Throughout this character of land, water seems v* be
plentiful, and if lime is applied to the soil at times it is n(»t dilTficult to
keep a good set of grass for a number of years. Erosion here, too,
is small except along iM»adsides where it becomes a serious projjosi-
tion.

The location of the woodlots over this area is not determined by
any special feature, except where a verj^ rough, rocky piece of soil
occurs, — and such are scarce, — or w^here a deep and narrow dopres-
sion luns been eroded in times past. In few cases has the use of tree*
as a windbreak been utilized.

190

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It is difficult to determine just wliat proportion of tliis character
of land ought to be kept or restored to forest condition. It is cer-
tainly evident that, according to past experience in this country aud
abroad, agriculture cannot be maintained successfully on slopes as
steep as these for any considerable length of time. At tlio same time,
the farmers are now established, and it will be a diflicult matter to
have them abandon their farms for new ones.

It remains for the State to carry on a campaign of education siiow-
ing the farmers how to protect their soil, maintain fertility, and
utilize the soil for the highest economic advantage. As a min'inum.
at least thirty ptr cent, of this character of land sh(mld be l:e[;t or
restored to forest condition.

In coal regions there is the highest percentage of waste land. J t
is needless to say that all such land should be growing trees. As
long as the coal operations are ccmtinuing, timber for the mines will
he needed, and it has been very unwise on the part of operators to
allow the forest growth to be recklessly destroyed as it has been.
Whether coal is exhausted under the surface, or will be exhausted
before new trees could grow or will last for some time, the surface
J^hould be helping to lessen the cost of coal production. In the neigh-
borhood of coke ovens in Jetlerson county, there is practically no
vegetation. In such i)laces some species of tree, now not known,
which can resist the fumes from the coking process must be found;
or better, the coking process should be changed so as to utilize the
by-products.

In Clarion county, the waste cleared land of the north western
portion is particularly noticeable.- The soil is a limestone clay and
should be good agricultural land, but it is not being used. Erosion
is going on but nature is trying hard to reclothe the fields witli pine
and hemlock. At least three-fourths of the cleared land nortb. of
the Clarion Kiver and west of the town of Clarion is waste and should
be reforested, or the agricultural methods should be improved very
greatly.

In Armstrong county a feature particularly noticeable is the
erosion which is taking place along roadways. In many instances
there are gullies on either side of the roadway several hundred yards
in length, a yard or more in width, and three or four feet deep.
Puch gullies gradually enlarge and some instances were seen where
they have encroached upon the roadways themselves and upon the
fields as well.

The woodlots north of Pittsburgh are mostly of oaks nnd chestnut.
With a few exceptions of small areas here and there, there are not
many even medium sized trees. Nearly all the areas have been cut
over in the last twenty vears and so continuouslv culled for ties and

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

191

"pit timbers'' that nothing but small stuff remains. The lots and
forests are all more or less open and their humus conditions are at
zero or nearly so. Small sawmills are cutting on what remains, and
unless something is done soon, the agricultural regions will be almost

without wood.

Other species found growing naturally, but in small numbers as
campared with the oaks and chestnut, are hickory, ash, beech, maple,
birch, cucumber, locust, and some walnut. All over the western part
of Pennsylvania, Norway spruce has been planted in yards or along
fences, and is doing well on all kinds of soil.

South of Pittsburgh the topography is not unlike that of the north-
ern region, but the country may be divided into mountain land, coal
land, farm land, and steep slopes.

Large tracts of woods are found along the Allegheny mountains,
Chestnut, and Laurel Ridges; but most of it has been lumbered,
culled, and burned so often that the condition is very unsatisfactory
fiom almost every point of view. Several tracts of so-called "virgin
timber" remain, but they are small.

The coal lands as a whole present a desolate appearance. What
few woodlots exist have been culled until nothing but brush remains.
Much of the cleared land has caved in and erosion begun. Much of
the remainder of the cleared area has been abandoned by farmers
and is growing only weeds. Where coking is done, the fumes from the
ovens destroy nearly every kind of vegetable life, making barren hill-
sides.

West of Laurel Ridge practically everything is cleared, the wood-
lots being small and few. They are, with few exceptions, also in
bad condition. The land generally is rolling and is kept mostly
in grass. Cattle, sheep, and poultry raising is the principal branch
of agriculture. In Washington and Greene counties not enough grain
for local demand is raised. Much of this land is rapidly deteriorating
and erosion is common on the hillsides.

Another feature of importance in Washington and Greene counties
Is the ra])id erosion of their narrow valley floors by streams of all
sizes. The damage being done to fields, bridges, roads, and later to
the Ohio by silt, must be enormous. In some instances efforts were
made to stop the damage by ]>lanting osage orange along the banks;
but the stream simply undermines them and goes on with its work.

Chestnut in southwestern Pennsylvania is scarce and hickory is be-
coming so by reason of the borer.

Taken as a whole, the surface conditions of the Ohio watershed in
Pennsylvania are very unsatisfactory from an economic point of view.
More land is cleared than is being farmed; much that is being farmed
ought not to be cleared. Fully one quarter of the present cleared

13

192

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area should I c reforested. From the view-point of the State, it is nec-
essary that these conditions be changed, not by law and consequent
compulsion, but by a careful study of conditions, then a vigorous
campaign of education along agricultural and arboricultural lines.

Fully three-quarters of the wooded areas are in such shape that
they nerd improvement and restocking. In this matter, too, the
jxdicy of the State should be rather of assistance than compulsion.
Inquiries and requests for assistance should be met promptly and
fui'thei' agitation i)ushed along.

As for the State's purchasing forest reserves within the watershed,
\t is almost an impossibility. The only places where large enough
iorest areas could be obtained are in eastern A'cnano'o countv, north-
ern Indiana counly, and sonlhoasiciu .Ief1Vis(m county in the north,
ji.nd in eastern \\'estmorC'land and Fayette counties and western
Somersel, eastern Somerset and in Cambria counties, to the south.
All of this land is underlaid witli oil, g;is, or coal, and is held at a
high juice; or it is held by coal companies which will not sell for any
price; or in such small i)rivate tracts that it is i)ractically impossible
to get together any large holding.

The only reasonable ])roposition is for the Legislature to give to
the I)e]>artment of Forestry sufficient ap])ropriation to carry (m the
(ulucaiional camj>aign needed, not only in western Pennsylvania, but
all over the State, and to handh more seedlings foi- distribution at
cost to those who will i)lant them under the direction of the Depart-
ment.

THE STATi: FOKEST ACADEMY.

The Legislature of 1000, realizing the needs of this institution,
genenmsly apjn'oj>rialed *1G,0()0.(UI with which to finish the new
doimitory building, begun and carried paitly to completion by a
l-revious ajq>roj>riation made in 1907, amounting to |15,000.00. The
dormitory was comjdeted during the early i)art of the year 1910, and
furnished and nuule ready for occupancy during the latter half of
this year. The appropriation act of 1909 likewise carried with it the
sum of f:;,000.00 tor furnisliing. and |1,000.00 for the equipment of
laboratories.

The bnilding as com]>Ieted is now a substantial, plain red sand-
stone building, the stone for the erection of which was found in
ihe mountain side nearby. It contains eleven rooms on the first
floor, consisting of laboratories, class rooms, and library, and twenty-
0U3 rooms on the second floor, buiScicnt to house thirtv students and

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

193

affording necessary space for store room, toilet rooms, and linen
closet. The building measures 45 feet SJ inches by 141 feet 10 inches,
two stories in height, with an excavated basement under the whole.
A modern steam heating system is installed, but as yet no central
lighting system has been put into use. The contract price for the
two portions of the building, erected as the appropriations were
made, amounts in the aggregate to f30,l)l)S.l)l.

This dormitory now affords ample accommodation for tin? students
and instructors, and furnishes needed, well lighted, and well equii)ped
laboratories, class rooms, audiiorium, and library.

The original Academy building having become of insutliciLut size
for the proper housing of two of the instructors and their families, it
was necessary to erect a double cottage^ on the grounds sutficient to
accommodate the families. Tli(» cottage is now completed and occu-
pied. ^yith the addition of this bnihling, ample housing facilities
now seem to be at hand, and the work of the Academy by reason
tliweof may proceed more satisfactorily.

A systematic plan was adopted for the ]>roper draining, grading,
tind ornamental j)lanting of the grounds at the Academy. This work
has been completed, sloj)es sodded, lawns planted with grass seed,
walks and stej^s laid out and carefully l)nilt. Foliage plants and
shrubl)ery have been planted here and there. The grounds now pre-
sent a well kept appearance.

A nnu-h needed utility is a central lighting plant furnishing light
< f a safe character which ought to be introduced into all th(^ build-
ings. Old Wiestling Hall is illuminated by means of a small acety-
lene gas ])lant installed early in the history of the academy, but
v^hich is now inadequate for supplying light to all buildings. A
iiood How (»f water within tiftv vards of the dormitorv, with consider-
able fall. w(mi1(1 ]a-obably be sntlicient for the o])eration of a small
<lynamo to light buildings and gnmnds with electricity. On the
orher hand, a larger central acetylene plant could be installed at no
great cost, which likiwise would furnish suitable illumination for all
ihe buildings excejjt the stables, where electric light would be much
safer.

Other old buildings belonging to the Academy property and occu-
[•ied by employes of the State, have been repaired. A number of
young fruit trees have been set out in the orchard. The xVcademy
property, therefore, is in a good and presentable ccmditicm.

13—26-^1911

194

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REPOKT OF E. A. ZIEGLER, DIKECTOR, FOR 1910.

The progress of the Academy during 1910 has been marked in
several ways.

EQUIPMENT. First this year sees the school occupying the fin-
ished building where the laboratories, library, and class rooms on
the first floor and the dormitory on the second floor furnish the
material elements for comfort for the students as well as the much
needed teaching facilities for the instructors. This building is of
native sandstone quarried on the adjacent mountain slope and is
a credit to the Commonwealth. The appointments are simple and
include no luxuries, but they are sufllcient for the school for a
long time to come.

The double cottage for the Foresters heading the teaching force
will soon be completed and will furnish adequate quarters for two
instructors with families. These with the new Academy Building
solve the housing problem.

The chemical laboratory has been recently equipped with addi-
tional apparatus for a course in soils. The botany and dendrology
laboratory is thorouglily equipped. The herbarium is being put
into shape for use. Collections of microscope slides for botany,
zoology, dendrology, and technology instruction are being formed.
Most of the slides are made by the instructors in charge. A com-
plete collection of sections of Pennsylvania trees is well under way.
An instrument room for a collection of forestry tools and instru-
ments is being fitted up. Manufacturers are furnishing axes, saws,
cant-hooks, calipers, and other tools of varying designs free for
this collection, which will be used only for purposes of instruction.

A stock map showing the age, size, and quantity of timber cm the
Mont Alto reserve has been begun.

Meterology stations have been established in the open (nursery)
and in the adjacent forest for studying the eff'ect of a forest cover
on maximum and minimum air temperatures, humidity, precipita-
tion, and soil temperature.

The library is installed in the new building. It still needs cata-
loguing and enlarging. Recommendations are made below.

The surveying and various forestry divisions are well equipped.
GROUNDS. Grading of the grounds is in progress but cannot be
completed until next spring. A tennis court was built by the stu-
dents during the year. A tournament course is jdanned by the
Athletic Association for improving horsemanship.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

195

I ABOR. The students performed up to November 15th, 14,223 hours
of labor all on the Mont Alto reserve (except some tree planting in
Centre county) outside of experimental and instruction work. It
does not include 4 weeks' work by the 2d year and 3d year classes
on the chestnut blight in southeastern Pennsylvania. This is
equivalent to over GO nine-hour days of labor per student and in-
cludes fire-fighting, nursery work, tree planting, forest mapping,
wood cutting in forest thinning and improvement work, and road

building.

INSTRUCTORS. The four instructors have specialized in their
previous work, two in forestry, one in history, and one in chemistry
and soils. In June the present director succeeded the previous di-
rector, who was transferred to the Harrisburg office as State For-
ester and Forest Inspector.

GRADUATES. In August eight men were graduated and appointed
in the State Forest Service, making a total of 35 graduates now in
charge of State land. The fact that the school is located on a State
Reserve, and that the students are employed on the regular forest
operations besides having mucli of the instruction work given in
the forest, fits the graduates for active and responsible forest work
from the start.

NEW CLASS. On September i, the new class of 10 men took up
their studies at the Academy, making a total of 28 students. The
fact that these ten were appointed from over 70 entrants to the
competitive examination, gives an idea of the excellent qualifica-
tions of the students. This method of appointment cannot be
recommended too highly.

CHANGES IN THE CURRICULUM. The competitive examination
is bringing to the Academy better prepared students, (education-
ally at least), and permits of continual advancement of the course
in the subjects allied with forestry. For this reason a second year
has been added to the German course and soil chemistry has been
added to the chemistry course, with minor progressive changes in
other courses.

A special course of lectures in business law, forest, and game
laws is given by the Deputy Commissioner of Forestry.

LECTURES. A number of lectures are given during the year by
capable lecturers on forestry, botany, land reclamation, literature,
and biography. The object of these lectures is general cuHure,
since the Academy located to the best advantage for forestry pur-
poses, is necessarily cut otf from some of the cultural advantages
of larger institutions.

RECOMMENDATIONS. 1. Since the school is open all year the
appointment of a fifth instructor to have immediate charge of the
7-acre nursery (relieving the director) and to teach silviculture

196

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

ill the school is rcn'oiiiiiieiulcMl. This would permit the instructors to
secure leave one or two summers out of tiv(» to }>ursue very desirable
advanced work in universities or abroad.

2. The Library, tliou<4h containing- a fair working basis in science
contains no works alon*^- the lines of general literature such as
liistory, bioora]>hy, jioetry, travel, or iicticm. Additions from cur-
rent funds are not sulficient for its uj>building. Kecommendation
is theiefore nmde to include an item of one thousand dollars for
library enlarj'rment in the estimate for the next appropriaticm.

An assistant from the State librarv is solicited for indexinjr and
cataloj^uin^- Ihe library. For the instructors to undretake this
would require a Irip to some of the laroer libraries and the sacri-
fice of time much needed in their special departments.

rjKST FORMAL GJJADl ATlXCi EXEKCKSE AT THE STATE
FOKEST ACADEMY, AUGUST 10, 1910.

Exercises held for prior graduating- classes, those for 1900, 1007,
1008, and 1000, were of a very informal nature owing to the fact that
no suitable place existed in any of the buildings at the Academy
wherein such exercises might be held. The completion of the new
dormitory during tlu? early part of this year provided an auditorium
suitable for the purpose, and accoi'dingly, invitations were issued
and sent to the friends of the Acadejny and of the graduating class,
to a more formal graduating exercise for Wednesday, August 10,
1010.

The class of 1010, was composed of the following perscms: '
Alfred AVells IJodine, Wellsboro.
Frank Daniel Jerald, Mansfield.
Jolin Wieman Keller, Mifllinlown.
Walter Dessem Ludwig, Chambersburg.
dement (Vuilter ^Finer, Punxsulawnev.
Henry Lawrence \ ail. Sjuuce Creek.
David Kerr Warfield, Wrightsvillc.
Raymond Burrows Wintei-, :>runcy.

Following is the ]>rogi'am that was rendered:
Music.
Of^ening Address,

No. 2G.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. 197

Robert S. Conklin, Commissioner of Forestry.
Salutation and Thesis, 1^. Kerr NYartield.

Music.

Address Dr. J. T. Rothrock.

^'The Forister's Relation to His Work and to the State."
Music.

Addresses, Members of the Forestry Commissi(m.

Thesis and Valedictory, Walter Dessem Ludwig.

Presentation of Diplomas, George H. Wirt, M. E., B. F.,
Former Director of the Academy.

Music.

The formal address to the graduates was delivered by Dr. J. T.
Rothrock, Pennsylvania's first Commissioner of Forestry, and is as
lollows:

''THE FORESTER'S RELATION TO HIS WORK AND TO THE

STATE."

''There is always danger of First Principles be<?oniing traditions,
and of their being valued accordingly. It is well, therefore, that
they should be revived by being re-asserted.

-Even if the fundamental ideas out of which an institution arose
came to be inai)plicable or unsuited to the limes, it is wise to remem-
ber them; to reaffirm them if right, to substitute something better it

they have become obsolete.

'^Vhen the constructive i)eriod of forestry in this State was reached
and the purchase of laud commenced, our greatest need was men who
were qualified to care for the forests acquired. The Forestry Depart-
ment was overwhelmed with applicants for the position of warden or
ranger. Men who had spent Iheir lives in the woods in connection
with lumbering oi)erations made this fact the i)lea. They were in
their own belief 'practical foresters.' The fact is, however, that their
training was the wcnst possible for c<mstructive fiuestry purposes.
Their iTves had been spent in destruction of the forests. They had
no idea whatever of the processes of restoration. The majority of them
had never seen a white pine or a hemlock seed, and would not have
known where to look for it, much less would they have understood
l.ow to plant and rear it into a tree. These men were good fire
fighters, but their idea of fire fighting was only iii the interest of
a'^iumber job' and had no reference to the young timber destroyed
ov the valur of the humus and leaf litter lost. They were unac-
quainted with the need of forest restoration in the larger interests
of water fiow and agriculture.

198

heport of the

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HI

'To have sought our wardens from the tovvus or cities would have
beeu equally uufortunate, for these meu were, as a rule, ignorant
of the rudiments of woodcraft.

''It, therefore, became essential that we should find men who were
sjvecially trained in forestry, at least in the rudiments, or that we
should train them ourselves, iiepeated applications were made to
an institution to meet this want. Year succeeded year and no help
came. It, therefore, devolved upon the .Department of Forestry
to train its own men. ^'o funds were available for the work; there
was no scramble for places in the projected school ; no future was visi-
ble in It to the public. \\ e were glad lo receive young men whose early
education was not up to the standard required. We promised an
education and position to those who were williug to work for a
very moderate compensation. It was distinctly understood by the
llieu (Governor tlmt the students were to pay for what they received
Irom the Slate by the work tliey did day by day for the State. That
was the condition upon which the life of the school depended.

''It w^as not long, liowiver, before we discovered that there w^as
another reason why the system of daily w^ork should be continued.
Tupils began to apply; liie schcjol became known. Of those who
applied the majority could not handle an axe with safety to them-
Kdves, much less could they properly control a gang of axemen.
Of the mysteries of pick and shovel they were profoundly ignorant.
It seemed strange that if these things were unnecessary for a fore-
man to know, tliat the large operators had not long ago discovered
the fact. Or that when the large railroads train a man for high
positions that they started him on tlie lowest round of the ladder.
Jn a word, w^e were satisfied that even with the highest possible
education, the more a man knew of life in the woods and the larger
day's work he could do there with axe, pick, or shovel, the more
valuable man he was to us. These were the foundation stones upon
which this school was built. Timis have somewliat clmnged since
the opening of the school. There aix3 now abundant facilities for
the study of Forestry. Another institution is giving a thorough
j.nd commendable course in forestry. We wish it every success.
This school at Mont Alto deveh)ped from a ranger school into a
forestry school under the spur of necessity. We propose to hold
all that we have gained by these years of struggle. We i>r()pose to
keep abreast of evcay denumd of education in forestry. If necessary,
we can add another year, or two more years, to the course. We
have earned standing with all tchose opinion i^i of importance, and
we will nmintain it. But my friends, there is this to be said: We
started on a ditlerent basis than that on which other institutions
in this State liave been built. We have been successful on that
basis. And I now desire to exi)ress my lirmist ccmviction that the
prosperous perjietuity of this Forest Academy depends upon our
strict adhesion to the idea of combining woik, real work, not make-
believe, but hard nmnual labor, i)roductive nuinual labor, with study.
And the student who cannot realize this is out of i)lace in the Mont
Alto Forest Academy. Tliis school must fill a special place by being
peculiar and distinct from all others if it is to live. It must send
forth its yearly crop of young men with the capacity of seasoned
veterans for immediate effective work on the State Reserves.

"I cannot leave this part of my address without reference to the
heroic struggle made in the earlier years here by Professor Wirt

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

199

and Mrs. Bortree against the adverse fates. It is to me an unspeak-
able pleasure to know that their self-sacrificing labors contributed
largely to the ultimate success of the institution.

^'Nor can I omit mention of the fact that the wise, conservative,
management of the present Commissioner of Forestry has solidified
the foundation and sui)erstructure of the instltulicm. It has been
a marvel to me that he has done so much here Aviih the limited

funds at his disposal.

"Nor can I omit to mention that when we were almost pressed
to the wall for the want of teachers, tlie present Deputy Forestry Com-
missioner, out of his abundant stores of available useful knowledge,
added to his regular official duties by volunteer assistance as lecturer
and as instructor. When the history of this school comes to be
written, their labors should be rememberd.

"The Forestry Commission has no authority here other than as an
Advisory Board; but it is safe to say that it has the interrst of the
school at heart and has never failed to render every possible assist-
ance. . , xt -14?

"Now^ young gentlemen of the graduating class, the remainder ot
my address is for you. I speak to you frankly, bluntly, perhaps, but
with a personal interest and afTection for each and every one of you.

"Your names are Avritten on your certificates of graduation. They
look large and plain now. It is wonderful how all diidomas shrink
in size as the ink dries upon them and they become yellow with age.
As the years pass you will discover that the noblest work of God
is an honest man, and that it rests with y(m to say wlielher you are
to attain that su]>reme dignity. I care not what riches or honor
or public esteem you may ac(iuire, if you do not have your own self
respect and conscious integrity you will be poverty stricken in soul
and you will know^ it, even if others do not. This is the worst mis-
fortune that can ha])pen to any one here.

"The State expects of you each, at least three years of service.
At the expiration of that time it is more than likely that your char-
acter will have so matured as to have virtually decided your future.
These are the most important years of your life. You are m the em-
ploy of the State. AYhat a field for comment this mere fact opens
up. You are in the employ of the State.

"Gentlemen if ever in the history of this Comnionwealth. loyalty
to the State were needed, it is at this hour. When tlie idea becomes
dominant in the public mind, or worse still in the minds of the
servants of the State, that it is to be a mere perfunctory service, a
dry rot is eating out the vitals of the Commonw^ealth. I tell you
frankly, gentlemen, I consider any man entertaining such views
as unf^t to hold any place in the service of the State. He is worth-
less himself and he degrades and disgraces any service which retains
him Loyalty to the Commonwealth, to all of its interests, is the
one ruling idea which this institution is to instill: and when it fails
to do this it deserves to be suppressed. The loyalty which character-
izes West Point or Annapolis is the spirit we want here. T am sure
that you will bear in mind this lesson of this hour. T shall be
grievously disap])oin1ed in any one of you who does not. Not only
strive to exalt the State service yourselves, but frowm upon anyone
who by word or deed would say or do that which tends to lower th«
standard to which we aspire.

200

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

"Now I wish to emphasize another jside of your relation to the
l)nblic service. You are guaranteed for your first year of post-
f^'radute hibor |72().0(). That comes to you in solid cash. Of all
lliose who j»iaduate in law, medicine, or theology, afier hearing the
expinse of their own education, not one in ten has any hoj;e of such
a sum for his first year's work. At the commencement of your third
year you receive (me hundred dollars a month. That is more money
llian tlnee-foui'lhs of your fellow citizens have received at the most
l^i-oduclive peiiod of their lives. You are entring on the Hood tide
(•f a young and needed professicm.

"Those who are watching you will have sIzcmI you uj) by tluit time.
Tf you lose sight oi' the fact lliat the State is jiaying you f<n- all of
y(mr time, or if you render a halfhearted service, or if your work
fails to speak for itself, then gcnllenuMi, the verdict will be against
vou.

"T say the State demands your whole time; that is, the whole
of the working hours of i^vi^ry woiking day, and in emerg?ncies the
whole time without rcgai'd to what <'onstitutes a day's labor. As
foi*esteis i! is youis to ])lan, and when you have ]>lanned then if you
l?ave spaj-e honi-s it is yours to work, to do actual manual labor. ^ If
youi- plans ;ir" i^^ood no oiie can lnin?- them to so suc(M\ssrul tevuiina-
tion as yourself. When Xa[)olr.(m ordered the charge over the bridge
at Lodi, his grenadiers faltered before the stoim of lead hurled upon
them l)y tlie Austrian batteries. P^ven stout-hearted T.annes, the com-
mander of the grenadiers, was unable to hold liis num. Napole<m
seized a standard, rush(>d forward and Lannes with his men followed.
The bridge was won. Lannes rede^mied himself by being the first to
cross, but Na]>oleon" was at his side with the reinark: 'There, thv
Marsluill's staff is half won for thee.'

''Yes. work to cut and to saw as well as to direct.

"The gentlemen familiarily known in railroad circles as 'Tom
Scott,' a great man, one of vast resourc(»s, took his first ste]> in the
line of ]>romotion which eventually made him president of the Penn-
sylvania "Railrojid rom]»any, by the viiror and oarnestness with which
he. shoveled snow on the Portatre Pailroad. TTcmest labor never
disgraced any one; but indolence lias brought ruin to many a man
and invited misery and want to th(msands of families.
'Honor and shame fi'om no cimdition rise:
Act well your part, there all the honor lies.'

"T remember when the former i)rincipal of this school, with the
pupils then in his charge, s])ent day after day, axe in hand, making
improvement cuttings on the State land. The labor did not disgrace
him: but he dignified the labor. Above all, don't forget that the
most heroic figure in all history has said that to ])e greatest of all,
one must be servant of all, and illustrated his own precept by Avash-
ing the feet of liis followers.

"Has Tolstoi weakened his influence bv dailv labor? The au-
tocratic will of the Czar of all the Kussias halts and dares not
punish the man who the millions of his people revere.

"Has (Jladstone or Koosevelt lost favor in your sight because they
loved to handle an axe effectively?

"There is one s])e'cial feature in forestry work that merits a mo-
ment's consideration. Our work often a|ipeals to young minds be-
cause of the romance or the sentiment attached to a life in

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

201

the woods. Actual trial of the life usually dispels the illusion. It is
far wiser to let each young man understand that he is entering upon
a career of self denial and of hard work, and that if he is to be
successful in it he must bring with him the spirit of the soldier
who obeys orders and of the pioneer who endures hardship and soli-
tude for thi sake of the cause wh}<'h is to make this a better State
to live in than it has ever been, and which is to nuike our mountain
sides as jn-oductive as the fertile valleys which lie between Ihem. So
shall he earn a place among our honored citizens and be esteemed
a i)ublic bent factor.

''There is no calling in which success is more certain, or more de-
served, than in forestry. It is the opening field. Hut here, as every-
where else, the measure of success depends upon the man; that is,
u]>on just you.

"\Ye have not seen the end of this system. There will be assistant
foresters, foresters, over-foresters, and chief foresters. Gentlemen,
jrst remend)er that ])romoti(m will come to those men whose labor
has produced the best results. We hope to see hamlets of five and
six c(mifortable homes in the midst of the State woods, where the
rangers, the foresters, and their families will form communities with
social life, religious instruction, and a good education; where the
])ublic school will be an assembly hall with a good library and be
(»pen to anything which will hel]) to elevate the life and increase the
liealth, hapi)iness, and ]>rosi)erity of those who devote themselves to
the service of the State. This 'all new? Yes, new here; but it is
the matured fruit of forestry thought in c<mntries which have had
vears enough to matuie fruit, l^ook for vour exam])les in the Hlack
Forest of Oermany. It will come here.

"This is your OonnnenccMnent. It is the dawn of your life work.
The world i« before you. If is not hungering for you; ]ierha])s it is
not even (X]>ecting you. So much the better. It will be such a sur-
]>rise to this old, soi)er world when y(m force it to take notice. That
^idendid privilege is yours. You remember what IMstol says to Fal-
staff by the i)en of Shakespeare?

'Why, then, the world's mine oyster,
Which 1, with sword will open.'

''The world is yours if you ojun it, but on no other terms; and the
measure of your success will just be the width to which you o])en it.

"Don't forget that 0(mimencement Dav does not mean cessaticm of
your studies. It is a great source of satisfaction t() me to say that
those who have been graduated lure and gcme forth, have, almost
without excepti(m, l)ecome more earnest and nu)i-e effective students
flian ever. Follow in their example*. The world does move; it moves
so ra])idly that no man can keej) up with it in its varied excursions.
Do the v'ry best that you can to keep up with it. We exjjecf you to
do this much; but don't be disa]>])ointed if it kee],s slipjdng away
from you on lines which are not <'S|;ecially your own. Keep busy,
4ind renunnber that the wag who said 'life is just one darn thing
after another,' told the truth as far as he went.

"Of course you are going to the woods. Let us ho])e, to the tall
limber. If it is nof there now, you put it there. Oo with the splendid
S}»irit of the pioneers who on this veiy giound re(h»emed this beau-

202

REPORT OF THE

Off. Dor

tiful valley from barbarism and made it tributary to a nation's wel-
fare. It is not good to be alone. Home is neressary. Besides your-
self one more is requisite. I am <>lad to know that so many of earlier
classes, and some of this, have solved the problem and already taken
to themselves companions for life, or hope to do so. To those who have
not, I again quote a truthful statement from Shakespeare:

That man that hath a tongue, T sa}^ is no man.

If with his tongue he cannot win a woman.' — A wife.

'The world was sad, the garden was a wild,
And man, the hermit, sighed, — till woman smiled.'

'^Gentlemen: You are to be pioneers in a great movement. Forestry
no longer stands alone. It is (me of the wings of the ccmservation
wave which has taken possession of the land.

''It needs no pro})hetic eye to see that even ci us rvation as we
now understand it, is to become a world force, and that issues for
all mankind hang cm its unfolding.

"(jO in with the spirit of pioneers, with courage always, with
self-sacrifice where necessary, with tin- thought ever i)resent that
your own individual ell'orts are not only to bring you a reward, but
that they are to help the race. The man who loves his neighbor as
himself has done half his duty to his (lod. Lead a life of service,
for it is the nobhst of all lives. It will be a bright mark on the
eternal records, while a selfish life would leave a blot.

'Despite those titles, ])OAver, and jjelf,
The wretch, concentrated all in self.

Living, shall forfeit fair renown.
And, doubly dying, shall go down

To the vile dust, from whence he sprung.
Unwept, unhonored, and unsung.'

"Mav vours be a nobler fate. Farewell."

Hon. John Fulton, a member of the State Forestry Reservation*
Commission, and always interested in the success of the young men
from this institution, was unable to be present, but prepared and
sent the following address which was duly presented to the graduates:

"To the Member of the tiraduati.ng Class of 1910 of the State Forestrv
Academv,

Mont Alto, Pa.

"Young Oentlemen: — You have devoted three years to the theory
and practice of Forestry and you have ])assed the examinations quali-
fying you for future usefulness in this inq'ortnnt State industry.

"Two elements enter into consideration at this important period
in your life work. The first is, a just a])preciation of the require-
menls of time and eternity, or to ])ut it in a compact form, 'Man's
chief end is to glorifv (lod and to iov Ilim forever.' Whatever mav
be your other accomplishments of life, a young man failing in this
one makes a sad wreck of his existence. It is the more imj)ortant
when we consider the fact, that nrarly all of the foll()wer55 of fliriat

No 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

203

have entered His service under thirty years of age. Young gentle-
men, your first great duty is to get right with God. After this
important matter is settled, then we can get down to the affairs of

time.

^'My own experience has been that with all the equipments for
])rofessional duty (and these are not to be overlooked), yet behind
all is character, A young man should aim to have a character for
honesty, and varacity that could not be impeached, and that his word
is accepted amongst those who know him to be just as good as his

bond.

"I need hardly remind you, gentlemen, that graduation is not the
end of your study. It is, as you know, only the beginning of it.
You have learned how to study, now it is most important that you
continue in this most valuable work. Your official duties, when you
are assigned to State Forestry, will give you a large amount of prac-
tice, but you should read up as we are in an age of constant advance-
ment in all departments of science, and what was good light yester-
day, may be eclipsed by what has been brought out today.

"Now, there is an inflexible law that governs success in life, that
is, thorough consecration to the work. The price of success is con-
tinued labor. No one ever succeeds without this. You can make up
your minds thoroughly that if you want to rise in your profession
it means hard and continued work.

"During the recent years with the accumulation of wealth amongst
many of our American citizens, a contagious disease has broken out,
in every respect deplorable. The sons and daughters of rich parents
have acquired this disease, that they are horn into this world to he
amused, and not to be classed with the earnest workers. These are
the consumers and are just the opposite of the producers; they are
the drones in the great bee-hive of our modern industries. The dis-
ease is not confined mainly to young men; it is more largely extended
among the young women, and Ihe young woman who has it in its
virulent form is about as worthless a production as we have in ani-
inated nature. Now, I do not take the ground that there must be
no relaxation among the industrial people of the world, for I believe
in unbending the bow at times, and unloading Ihe burden of re-
sponsibility for a time; but ever bearing in mind that the serious
duties of life require intense application and continued, untiring,
persistent labor.

"As to the outlook for the future among you, young gentlemen, I
take it that you all contemplate matrimony. The law of affinity be-
tween the sexes is as old as the time of Adam, and as inflexible as
the laws of chemical affinity. Our great ancestor must have been
a very lonely man in the garden of Eden until he had that great
sleep and the helpmate, Mother Eve, saluted him in all the glory
of beauty and purity. The qualification of the young man for mar-
riage is purity of life. He should never commit any act that he would
fear to have brought before his mother or his sister. In other words,
he should be a clean young man in every respect. Then again, whilst
some assert that it is about as economical in living for two as for
one, and whilst there is some truth in this, yet it is not all true,
because marriage inqdies not only two, but according to ex-President
Roosevelt, it contemi)lates several additional citizens of the United
States, and all these have to be provided for in a great many ways;

204

REPORT OP THE

Off. Doc.

ho iLe .vniiii«; man coiih'inijlat lii^- inairia^e should make an honest
(•ak'ulatiou how he is j>-oin^- lo provide for liis wife and family. To
tliis end lie should bend his inlense energies. Every dollar that can
he saved should he put in a way of earning another dollar and not
one cent spent (except for the necessities of life. The evening of life
should be provided for witli the many other claims that c<nne in
expenditures.

"I may achl also, that 1 believe in early marriages, as it is manifest
(hat two young people coming together will harmimize their tastes
and biases, or lather meet or comi)romise on middle ground. The
c<»nditions of the marriage relation between older persons will likely
engender frictiou, as with the multiplication of years they get 'sof
in their own ways and it is exceedingly dillicult to dislodge these
habits. I need hardly sjjend any mcn-e time in this respect, as these
\onng students will all get married, J am }uetty sure of that. It
is only a ([uestion of lime, because some young lady will capture
them one after another. This is a natural law, and however much
we may i)hilosoi)hize alxnit it, ther(» is au underlying natural law, the
law of'allinity, that will assert itself in its own way and in the proper
season.

''At this critical tiuie in your lives the outlook should be deliber-
ately and carefully i)lanned. Perhaps the tirst consideration, is
ihe care of youv health. I have no d(nd)t that some yonng men en-
tertain the idea that they are composed mainly of pig iron, or some
such imjiervious material and tha( they can go (Uit in the rain and
i)reak all the laws of sanitation with imi)unity. If there is any one
law of nature more intensely emi)hatic than another, it is the con-
setpieuce of i>unishment for every violation of its laws; so it becomes
a young man carefully to conserve his health. A healthful body in-
sures a iieallhy mind, and these two great elements assuring success
are com]»lementary to eacli other.

"In submitting the foregoing remarks, it is im])lied that these
vounir ueut lemen are total abstainers from the destructive elfects of
intoxicating li<iu(us. The growing ai)]K'tite for such is so insidious
and seductive that when tlie effects are full}^ idealized it is usually
too late to reform. Voung gentlemen, 'Lo()k in)t tlum upon the wine
Mhen it is red, when it sparkleth in the cu]), when it goeth down
smoothly: At the last it biteth like a serpent and stingeth like an
adder.'

"I wcnild take the fui'lher liberty of submitting that tobacco, in
all its forms, be sternly avoided. It contributes nothing to the health
«ir sanitary condition of the body, but on the other hand, imj)airs
both head and heait. 'A tobacco heart,' Dr. Kothrock will assure you,
means a sudden terminal ion of life in the destruction of the heart's
operaticm in its ollice as the great central pump in distributing the
circulation of the blood. 1 do not class this indulgence with the use
of intoxicants, but both should be strongly avoided.

''T feel quiie sure that the address of Dr. Kothrock and other gen-
tlemen will cover all the ])oints that should be im])ressed upon the
iijinds aiul h(»arts of the gentlemen (d* the graduating class, and that
they will go out into the active duties of the \v()rld fully equipi)ed
1o maintain a high ])osition in the ]U'ofession which they have spent
J.O many years in attaining. Tt affords me great jdeasure to con-
gratulate them on the work they have accomplished up to this time;

i^' I

W

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>y , -'t

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-^•.•>.^.^tcv:^

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4!-T -

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J

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-"^Vr^

{--M^^

PLATE XXXII.— Fire Lookout Station on Oak Knob near State Forest

Academy, Mont Alto Reserve.

No 2t).

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

205

^md I reoret vcmv deeply that circumslaiices, over which T have no
cuiitrol, prevented me enjoying the pleasure of meeting with tlu^se
\(mng men and i-ongratnlating them, each one separately, on their
Success thns far in life. 1 shall be very much gratified from time
to time to learn of their further progress in the active and important
work of Forestry which they have selected for their profession, the
advent of the great and urgently needed productive industry of the
conservation of the forests and the replanting of the waste places m
the good old C(mimonwealth of Pennsylvania. God be with each
member of the graduating class of 1910."

KEPORT OF E. A. ZIIXJLEK, DIRECTOK, FOR THE YEAR 1911.

lUTILDIXOS. The double Foresters' Cottage was completed in the
spring. It is a frame building substantially built and makes an
excellent appearance in the grou]) of buildings bt tween Wiestling
Hall and Recitation Hall. The dining room has been enlarged and

papered.

Improvements on the two old dwelling houses along the main
road and the i)ainting of several buildings with a view to harmony
in color had adden greatly to the apiiearance of the campus.
CJROUNDS. Terhaps the most striking improvemnt has been the
completed grading of the grounds and their very successful sodding
and grass-seeding. Also the laying of the concrete walk ccm-
necting Wiestling Hall, the Foiesters' Collage, and Main or Reci-
tation Hall.

Three fire plugs have been installed on ihe water line and two
lines of 2-inch hose i)rovided, with \ and J -inch nozzles. Streams
can now be thrown over any of the buildings. The re-rating of
the buildings has bten taken up with the Insurance Cnderwiiters'
Association.

A new road has been built back of the group of buildings.
JJBRARY. The book-cases liave been installed in the library room
of Recitation Hall. The indexing was taken u]) with the aid of
Miss McDonald of the State Library Cominissicm, and has now
been comi)leted and the card index in use.

Fifteen volumes have been added by ]>urchase during the year
and fifty volumes have been ])resented by friends of the Academy.
The library is conspicuous for its almost absolute bareness of works
on history, travel, ])oetry, biography, and fiction. On science the
library has good working material, but to be of greater value to

206 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.

the course in English as well as for general cultural value, the
other subjects should be represented with a small selected list at
least.

The instructors and students have contributed to a fund for
the purchase of about ten forestry, botanical and general period-
icals, including the best German forestry publication.

EQUIPMENT. The collections of microscope slides for instruction
in botany, dendrology, wood technology, and zoology have been
materially increased. Classification and indexing of the herbarium
have been begun and an herbarium cabinet is urgently needed.

The i>liysics equipment needs an overhauling and slight improve-
ment.

The collection of Pennsylvania woods is well on toward com-
pletion, and the mounting and finishing is to be taken up at once.

The collection of forestry tools is marking time for want of room
and cases.

The concreting of the room in the basement for wood-technology
has added greatly to the convenience of this course.

A collection of forestry photograi)hs has been begun.

INSTllUCTION. A copy of the curriculum as it now stands is at-
tached. Recitations, lectures, and field work were more regular
than last year on account of the few fires and absence of other
disturbing factors.

The stock and topographic maps had larger areas added than
during 1910 and it is expected to finish the slock map in 1912.

The meteorological observations are being maintained and add
much to the training of the students in accurate scientific ob-
serving.

The adding of the fiftli instructor to the teaching staff has made
a more advantageous division of subjects possible.

LABOR. The students performed during 1911 the following items of
labor exclusive of field instruction work proper:

Hours.
Nursery and experimental beds, 899

*

Fire fighting and fire patrol, 914

Surveying and draughting on Mont Alto re-
serve, topographic map, 1,642

Tree planting — Sttite reserves in Franklin and

Clinton counties, 2,139

Building road, 832

Campus improvements, 452

Mont Alto reserve stock map, 2,510

Cutting chestnut infected with blight, 780

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OP FORESTRY. 207

Hours.
Miscellaneous (saw mill, removing windfalls,
cooking, and maintaining camp for five
weeks), ^,475

Total, 12,643

This is equivalent to 50 nine-hour working days per man. In
1910, 14,223 hours are reported. The decrease is largely accounted
for by the less labor in fire protection in 1911.
LECTURES. Lectures were given during the winter of 1910-11 on
literary, forestry, and travel subjects.

The series for 1911-12 was opened on December 7, by Miss Mira
L. Dock, of the Forestry Reservation Commission on ''A Forest
Pilgrimage'^ ( illustrated ) .
RECOMMENDATIONS. A small house for firehose should be

erected at an early date.

Concreting of the basement in Recitation Hall should be con-
tinued.

Filing cases should be secured as soon as possible. First, an
herbarium case, then a dendrology case, and later a case for sur-
veying instruments and maps.

A uniform book-keeping system for State reserves and nurseries
should be outlined and if possible, brought before the convention
of State Foresters early in 1912. The system then adopted by the
Commission will be incorporated into the book-keeping course at
the Academy. It is also respectfully suggested that all report
blanks, such as wood use blanks, fire reports, etc., and stem analy-
sis and tally sheets in use by the Department, be included in the

discussion.

The recommendation for the purchase of a selected number of
volumes for the library on subjects other than scientific is again

made.

One or two of the Academy instructors will be prepared to give
illustrated lectures in forestry during 1912. I would respectfully
suggest that with the lectures of other members of the Depart-
ment available, a fertile field for popular forestry education might
be cultivated in county teachers' institutes, farmers' institutes, etc.

The entrance requirements should be advanced to include solid
geometry. The examination in English should be made more rigid.
The age limit might be raised one year with good results. A
rating for ^'Training and Experience" should be added to the ex-
amination so that the advantage of forest and farm training may
receive due credit in the competitive weights as the tendency at
present is toward too large a percentage of city bred boys with
no special aptitude for forest work.
14

1 ^

208

REPORT OF THE

Course of Studies Arranged August, 19J1

Off. Doc.

FIKST YEAK.

First Term.

Hours.

Second Term.

Uoliuiy,

riijsics,

Kngiish,

Introductory Forestry and

History,

Itusiness La\y and J>ook-

keei)ing,

(Jermau,

Cliemislry,

0 Botany,

5 Cliemistry,

3 English/

.Meteorology and Forest In-
5 fluences,

(Jerinan,

3 Trigonometry,

3
2

Hours.
6
6
3

5
3
4

SFMMEJi TEKM— Xui'sery, Improyement Cuttings, Etc.

First Term,

Dendrology,

Teclmology,

l^otany,

Chemistry,

(Jeology,

German

SI<:CO^'J) VEAK.

Hours. Second Term.

5 rtilization

6 Silyiculture

(j Dendrology

(> Zoology,

• •' f^OlJS,

3 t)erman

Hours.
5
5
2
6
5
3

SrM.MKK TI<:i:M -F(uvsl Mensuration.

ny

First Term.

Finance,

Protection,

Surveying

*German

Management

Econom i cs — ( J enera 1,

rnnn> veak.

IIouis. Second Term.

3 Finance ". . .

5 Sui'y(\ying

8 ICconomics, Forest a n d

5 Policy,

3 *Cferman

3 Poads,

^fanagement (W o r k i n g
plan),

SFMMER TERM— Sri veying and Tl esis.

Hours.
3
8

5
5
2

•After 1012 (^oniiiin will bo plvon in tlie first nnd second years.

Nj^ 26. DEPARTMENT OP FORESTRY. 209

The annual graduating exercises for 1911 at the Academy ^yere
held on Wednesday, August 10th, at 2:30 p. m., in the large audiince
room of the dormitory. The class of 1911 consists of the following
foresters, who haye since been assigned to their stations on the

reserve :

Philip Hartman Fox.

John Laurence MacAvoy.

Nelson Payniond McNaughton.

Walter Mann Mumma.

Edgar Hamilton Smith.

Arthur Benade Wells.

The programme rendered on this occasion was as follo\ys:
Invocation.

Salutatory, l^^^^^iP Hartman Fox.

Music.

Address, Richard Conrad Schiedt, Ph. D., Sc. D.

Professor of Natural Science,
Franklin and Marshall College.
* ^'The Mission of Forest and Forester in the United States."

^lusic.

Address, "on. John P>irkinbine, ^

President Pennsylvania Forestry Association.

Presentati(m of Diplomas Edwin A. Ziegler, B. A.

Director State Forest Academy.

Music.

Valedictory, ^^^'thur Benade Wells.

Hon. John Birkinbine, President of the l»ennsylvania Forestry As-
sociation, delivered a forceful address in his usual convincing style.
The address of l»rof. Schiedt on -The Mission of Forest and Forester
in the United States," was a well thought out and logical descrip-
tion bearing upon several of the leading i)roblems now c(mfronting
liie American forester. Prof. SchiedUs address was as follows:

14_2G— 1011

il

._i.

210

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

THE MISSION OF FOKEST AND FOEESTEK IN THE UNITED

STATES.

By R. C. SCHIEDT, Lancaster, Pa.

You are standing at the threshold of a uew experience. Your days
as mere learners and listeners are over; the time has arrived when
you must direct, instruct, and lead others; the hour of solemn re-
sponsibility is upon you. It is well worth while at such moments to
pause and ponder, once more to look hack upon the halcyon days of
a youthful unconcern Avith its keen visions and delightful dreams,
its high resolves and lofty ideals, and to make a choice of the very
best weapons from the armory of our student days to shield and to
reassure us on the dangerous path of an unknown future. The transi-
tion from learner to teacher seems indeed abrupt, like an abyss that
lies at the end of a stretch of green fields and points to dim regions
below. But learning must still be your chief business, if it be true
that only by teaching do we properly learn ; only your learning will
be more strenuous and more accurate and your listening more in-
tense. If you imagine you know it all. on Commencement Day you*
will certainly deceive yourself, plunge headhmg into the unknown
abyss, and perish from self c(mceit. Nor can you leave your youth-
ful visions and ideals behind; on the contrary, they must ever fur-
nish the strongest stimulus to impart courage*^and meet bravely the
issues of the unknown, provided, however, that they are real ideals,
longings for things imperishable and not mere cravings for wealth'
positi(m, and fame. It is much finer to be brave than lo be success-
ful, to be loyal than to be rich, to be true than to be a king. You
may wish for success, for wealth, for influence all your life and yet
remain forever poor and obscure, but your hunger and thirst for ■
courage, fidelity and varacity will always be filled regardliss of in-
tellectual or physical endowment. These ideals are the stron"-est
weapons which you can iiossible select from the resources of 3X)ur
past to guide you across the abyss and to shield and reassure you in
the new journty that begins tomorrow.

You have chosen the same destinaticm, the same sphere of action
the same otficial career, and your choice is noble and patriotic be-
cause your vocation is not merely a career in the accepted sense of
the term, but preeminently a mission of service to vour fellows and
to your country; a mission, not merely of interest to the partisan
and the factionist, but a missicm of nation-wide interest and nniversal
importance. That you have selected your vocation also as a means
of livelihood does not in the least dUract from the nobility of vour
choice, because all vocations must primarily guarantee a dignified
maintenance of the basal demands of life; otherwise they could
never furnish attractions which elevate and improve life. But the
highest vocation cannot be expressed bv the salarv scale, and what
I have to say to you today on THE IDEAL MISSION OF FOREST
AND FORESTERS will not deal so much with the utilitarian side

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

211

of the question, although at present uppermost in the public mind,
but rather emphasize the ideal values which the cultivation and the
cultivator of the forest have for the advancement of the nation and

i h e ra ce

Young gentlemen, vour destiny is the forest; you have chosen to
live within the melancholy shadows of the silent trees, to serve your
day and generation far from the lure of the big cities with their
nerve racking excitement and their mad rush for amusements; you
have chosen also to forego the many opportunities of refinement,
culture, and intellectual progress which make the cities such desirable
[»laces of habitation. In the eyes of the sporting youth you per-
chance are making fools of yourselves; in the judgment of cultured
gentlemen vou are sacrificing precious birthrights for a mess of
plottage. In the opinion of true patriots you are the heroes of the
hour, exponents of that precious host of scientific explorers who
stake their lives for those fundamental discoveries which assure the
])ermanency of the race. But the stimulus for your high service,
gentlemen, does not come merely from the methods or contents of your
technical training, however valuable that may be; skill and knowledge
count indeed for much in modern life and the thoroughly trained tech-
nical expert is undoubtedly the chief moulder and maker of modern
civilization; the more faithful you have been in your undergraduate
davs in the performance of your daily tasks the greater will be the
confidence which you may reasonably expect your employers will have
in your competency; but gentlemen, even the most accurate know-
ledge of botanv, silviculture, dendrology, forest mensuration, etc.,
and the keenest insight into the monetary values of timber claims
or the economic value of forest culture to the farmer will not be
sufficient to inspire vou with that love for your vocation which alone
can make vou steadfast in its service. There is much inspiration
in knowledge and we take pride in its possession, but we tire of
figures and of facts. In the loneliness of your outposts, in the
dreariness of the winter's blasts you need something more. Yon
need vocational ideals not calculable in mathematical terms, you
need visions that lift you above the storm and stress of your environ-
ment. Y^our work has largely been and will largely be analytic. You
need the vision of the synthetic. If you see trees as timber only
and neglect the vision of the forest as such, you will finally fail to
see the forest at all on account of the trees. The saw-mill and the
\>-ood-chopper are necessary factors in our commercial life, 1 iit they
]>romise you only visions of house-frames, furniture, stoves, and

fuel -piles.

The chief mi<^sion of the forest is ultimately an ideal one and yon
dare not lose sight of this important fact if you wish to be happy
in vour work ; and such happiness, after all, is the test of any voca-
tion. A glance into our historic past will verify this assertion.
Preeminent among the ideal missions which the forest has performed
in the historv of human kind is the religious inission. The simple
nature worship of our early ancestors clusters around the sacred
groves. It started with reverence for old majestic tre s which were
believed to be inhabited by some deity; as the number of such trees
increased thev were separated from the profane world by a special
wall, and constituted the sacred grove. Into these the savage Saxon
or Teuton entered only with his hands tied behind his back, offering
to his deitv the highest gift in his possession— his personal liberty.

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In later tiiius (he old traditions were woven into fairy stories, tkuse
j^nnctuaries of onr childliood days, the Castilian spring of the greatest
I'^nglish hard, wliose Oheron, "like a forester the groves may tread;"
i'.ud of Slielly no less, who sings of "the fair oak, whose leafy dome
alfords a tem])le wliere the vows of happy love are registered and
TO whom the liigliest leaf that quivers to the i»assing breeze is in-
stinct with (Jod, to whom the hagile blade of grass tliat springeth
in the })assing nioi-n :nnl jjerishelh ere noon is an unbounded world!"
rnl(»ss lh(» forest is jo yon, young gentlenin, such a sanctuary,
wheie at every moment of Ihe growing season by divine touch thou-
sands of Ions of water are lifted from KAKTII'S sacied recesses to
the topmost ci-own of everv tree to be turned into the juices of nianv
a useful and luscious fruit, ami where every brush is a "burning bush,"
burning \\\lh the voice of (Jod's etcinal love and bpauty ; unless, T say,
you too enter this great domain of your vocation Avith hands bound
and head bowed, mentally at least, in iecogniti(m of (Jod's great hand-
woik, you will not realize the dignity and inspiring power of your
mission, and like heweis of wood you will perlorm your daily labor
;»s an irksome task.

Long before the scientific value and economic imi)ortance of trees
vere apjueciated, ludi loved and honored them as sacred emhlems
and (Ky^tJu'tic shrin('s\ not to be worshiiijKMl indeed, but as the fit
ornaments of a nation's most cherished playground, as landmarks
y)i' her great ai-enas of thought and action. In Kome and (Ireece
statues of maible and brass vied in beaufy and dignity witli the
sacred trees. The citizens of those classic lands loved to take their
pleasnn* walks in tlieir trniple groves under the ])rotection of divine
I>eace. Here arose and tlourished the pliilosoiijiy of Greece. Plato
loved to gather his j)U])ils at the banks of tlie Kephisos under the
• shadows of Platanus orieutalis, in the world renowned ])ark of the
luM'o Academus. Aristotle laid tlie foundaticui of modern science
wliile walking with his discipb's in the charming grove of the Lycean
Aj)ollo. PotJi Academy and Lyceum were then still outside of the
gates of Athens. Another Athenian i>hilosopher within the city
walls, Kpicurus, lectured benrath tlie trees of his famous city gar-
den and left a legacy the interest of which was to keej) both the
trees and his memtny green. This was the beginning of the magni-
f'ucnt parks of Miletus, of Smyrna and Kphesus, of Pergamon,
Antiochia. and Ah'xandria. In more modern times the elm of Wash-
ington and (.f Penn liave served similar missions.

The stoiy of the Oiient is a story of its wonderful p<U'ks and
gardens; the glory of its empires is closely interwoven with the
splendor of its natural beauty. T remind you'of tlie marvellous liang-
ing gardens of Semiramis. cnnnled ainimg the sin-en wonders of
anticpiity. of the Paradisian houses of thr IVrsian kings, ihe most
bewitching produ<tions of natui-e an<I art ever attempted in this
mundane sphere. The climax of .ludah's greatness reflects the wis-
dom of Solomon. In liis gardens at .Jerusalem tliere grew side bv
Fide pcmiegranate and fig trei s. aj.plc and walnut, vine and ])alnl.
Illy and narcissus, Iwilsam and cinnamon, saffron and aloes, a col-
lection richer iu botanical varieiies Ihjjn any other park of'classic
anti(piity. And when Ifoine had reached the zenith of her power,
and the wealth and culture (»f the whole anticpie world were focussed
m the Kternal (Ity. the nundxT of magnificent horticultural estab-
lishments had increased to such a degree tliat it had crippled agri-

No 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

213

culture and the empress of the world depended for her food supplies
upon Sicily and Africa. The Campus Martins Avas enclos: d by rows
of laurel and platanus trees, the temples were overshadowed by gi-
gantic specimens of fig and lotus, replanted w ith religious zeal when-
ever age required it. Even the noisy forum wore its garb of green,
and under the shadows of tins figtree, olive tree, and vine, Cicero de-
livered his immortal orations. Put not only the ])ublic buildings, nay
every house liad its trees and its gardens which were regarded the
most valuable accessories of an estate, for Plinius tells us that
Doniitius offered Crassus |250,000 for his house, largely because it
was adorned in front by six lotus trees. Thus the story of the
world's grtat empires constitutes a valuable commentary on the im-
j»ortance of trees as tlie great arsthrtic factors in the lif? of a nation.
Did not the Poman arch originate from the graceful curve of the
])alm, and the gothic spire from the lofty crown of the northern

evergreens ?

Young gentlemen, when it the wintry dreariness of your labors
yon feel discouraged and disgusted, when in tlit heated discussions
over the conservaticm of our national resources yon grow callous, or
when after vears of incessant labor your forest reserves are fire-
swept and nothing but charred trunks and blackened stumi'S mark
the former glory of your care and skill, and you grow disheartened,
turn your mind to the ideals of your vocation, embodied in the
sturdy oak and its never-failin<r strength, the lofty ]nn<'s in all their
perfect symmetry, and then linirer by the domes and ST)ires that
harbor humanity's greatest achievements in science, in art, in reli-
gion, and remember that the forest gave them beauty and strength,
\vhicli is thrir eveilasfing glory, imi)erishable and indestructible, in
{^•]^ite of man and of fire.

Put it is not (mly the religious and the aesthetic life of humanity
which traces its beginnings and its strength to the forest. The gen-
oral s(>c}()l()f/icaJ rcnflilicnx of the race strongly argue for the w^orld-
v.ide sftcial inission of the tree. Nature's broad contrasts are moun-
tain and valley, field and forest. Ilowtver, they are so well known
that they are generally ovevh^ol^f^^l- T^i<^.^' contain many fine subtle
features in a nation's character, if we but" open our eyes to see them.
When I was your aire, young gentlemen, it was my ]>rivilege to
follow, under tin- guidance of ex]>erieiiced men, the footsteT)S of
pbnit life in Europe from the Alps to the North Seji, from the Pyre-
nees to th(» Posohorus. Those were ]»ioneer da vs. wlum environment
was first studied as an im])ortant factor in the evolution of races,
in those days America was still fast aslrep in matte's of Eorestry,
vrhile modern Europe, especially Germany, had alieady jdaccd their
intricte and thorough systems of forestry-educntion on a firm basis,
and national forest resources were recoirnized as the bulwark of
national existence. T then witnessed in a general way thn wars and
victories of trees, their niiLnatiou and cohmization, their usefulness
and general effect u])on the nation's life. Durimr a thre venrs' ex-
perience of si'ientific ])ioneer work in the forest re<rions of the Pacific
coast, manv of my earlier crmvictions, at first only va'rue and indefi-
nite, were fullv <-onfirmed, while a much longer residence in the agri-
cultural eni])ire of Lancaster county has matured my vi ws on the
significance of the contrast between field and forest. Tn Pussia,
<;ernianv, and America the broad contrast between field and forest

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utill exists, while England no longer has a free forest, i. e., a forest
of sociological importance. The National forests of the United
States comprise about 165,000,000 acres of land, and although only
7% of the total area of the county, it covers more than double the
ai-ea of the British Isles. These facts explain many sharp distinc-
tions between Russian, German, and English life. We are witness-
ing now in our own country the coming and going of specific dynas-
ties of trees, the reign of the white pine and the passing of the
chestnut, elm, and locust, and the history of Europe throws a par-
licularly interesting light upon these changes; it shows them to be
connected with great social revolutions. In tlie French champagne
the fir of the Celt was displaced by the pine of the Koman, and this
in turn by the birch, willow, alder, junipur, and yew of tlie Frank,
which, since the great revoluticm, has been followed by the oak,
elm, and mai)le, as the ruling dynasties of the modern Republic.
This indicates at least that every great national movement inevitably
touches the forest. In former davs these movements were determined
by the price of l)read of jli<» lust for cfnuiuest ; in our days they are
promoted by commercial enterprise and the lust for gain. A study
of the European revolutions confirms this claim. The conflicts
invariably started whenever the properties of the large forest owner
and the small farmer touched. The rebellious j)easaiit could not
build barricades nor tear down large castles or factories. Instead,
he devastated the forest of his neighbor, for this was in his eyes
Ihe fortified castle defying the unja-otected field of the small farmer,
lie did not know that he also injured himself and the chances of his
crop. He was satisfied to obtain, for a time at least, certain conces-
sions which invariably were recalled when the excitement had sub-
sided and the protective laws of the privileged classes were reestab-
lished. However, the frequent repetition of this upheaval finally
led to the estahlishnient of State Forests as the common property of
all, with large privileges to everybody. If in these United States
we allow big corporations to create similar mediaeval conditions we
must expect similar results. Fully three-quarters of the best forest
land are, according to Mr. Pinchot, still in the hands of private
ownership and many of the National forests remain subject to min-
eral entry, like any other part of the public domain, so that our
National forpsts are broken by interior holdings and traversed by
railroads which hold grants from the government. Such was the con-
dition in Europe in 1848 when the change came. Till then the cry
had been, ^'protect the trees for economic purposes;" now it dawned
upon the best minds that their sociological value was fully as im-
portant. In 1848 a large possession of forest projierty was sacri-
ficed by its owners in order to purchase a little popularity. After
the second of December, 1861, the French government granted the
free gathering of dead wood and dried leaves in the Alsatian forests in
order to conciliate the peasantry with the Napoleonic coup d'etat.
This was a shrewd move of equal im])ortance to thp Hcmaparte ])olicy
v.ith the granting of universal suff'rage only aiming at a difi'erent
class of people. We might call it social politics lurking behind
forest trees and withering leaves and illustrating an old c(mnection
between cause and eff'ect. The disproportionately large cultivation
of the potato had contributed considerably towards the increase of
di5«5iati8faction among the factory element of the large cities, but

this very cultivation of the potato had deprived the small farmer of
The necessary straw for his stables, and the new liberal forest grants
of the government befriended the farmer and thereby aided m check-
ing the revolution in the cities. The nationalization of forests proved
then and proves today the farsighted wisdom of governments.

On the other hand there have been in all periods of history dema-
gogues who advocated the entire destruction of forests and the dis-
tribution of the soil among the poor for the purpose of establishing
gmall farmers. You can to this day see many such districts on the
European continent where this theory was tried with the result ot
changing moderatelv prosperous legions into desolate wastes. For
such destruction involved on one hand a change in the rainfall and
its husbandrv in properly protected soil, and on the other hand the
creation of small farmers increased proletarianism. The various
fcrest i)rivileges had so far assisted and benefited the few exitsing
small farms, afi'ording their owners a comfortable living. The re-
n>oval of the forest destroyed the solid establishment by the addition
of many new and weaker ones. In the same way the independent
land grants made by the United States government in the past to
large corporations have led in many districts of Pennsylvania and
elsewhere to the destruction of large forests and to the use of small
farms which are now mortgaged far beyond their value. But a na-
tion with large State forests— Pennsylvania has hardly one million
acres, evenlv distributed among its people has not only its present
but its future existence assured. In spite of all that may be said
against the stability of the Czar's empire, the vast impenetrable
forests of Russia, many of them as unknown to the eyes of the hunter
as the bottom of the sea is to the fisherman, assuring a promising
future to that great country, while in England and France, where
the genuine forest has disappeared the process of national deteriora-
tion has already begun. The social compact of the United States with
its half adolescent forces, and half lethargic, would soon follow m
the wake of older civilizations, if we had not in the background a
primeval forest training a vigorous and strong race to take the
place of the men in our large cities and along the great seas. Our
primeval forests in the hands and under the management of a com-
]>etent national corps of foresters constitutes the great capital stock
which allows the boldest social and political speculations for many
years to come. But woe to us if this capital is wantonly used up I

And yet there are those amcmg us who loudly advocate the change
of all woodland into arable soil. They claim that as a permanent
source of wood supply our National forests are utterly inadequate,
{,nd besides, such a change, it is said, would make every foot of land
support one man in the civilized world. What a horrible idea it is
to see even- foot of land dug up by human hands! It reminds one
of the day' of judgment. It recalls the poet's legand according to
which the demon steam is to destroy Mother Earth as soon as she
is helplessly chained by a complete network of railroads.

Again I answer, ''man does not live by bread alone," and the
forest's mission does not end in fuel and smoke. Destroy the forests
and you destrov the hallowed associations of the great bulk of the
people They mav no longer need the dry and seasoned wood to
keep the externarman warm, but they need the green, living tree
for the inspiration of the inner man.

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For it is in (lie I'uiest villages ol old civilizations where the old-age
eiistoiiis ol' I he fathers are preserved in their original vigor and
heauty, and the highest dilierenlialion of human society is found
only wherever the cultivated held or garden or lawn is conipltmented
by the uncultivated wilderness. Nay, it is absolutely necessary for
the develojnuent of a i)eoi>le\s strength and welfare that it should
grow up in the midst of the most widely dilferent forms of culture.
A nation comj)osed of highly polished or cultured people <mly, or a
}.eople revelling in wealth, has reached its i)eriod of stagnation,
and the lack of fresh supplies of raw material can point only to one
conclusion, wh-n nothing reuuiins for them lo do but to construct
<»ut of its vast artificial splendors a grand funeral jdle upon which
to incineiate itself like Sardauapalus. The uian of vast knowledge
and skill, the merchant fjrince, and the wealthy farm-owner, have
always becMi men of the hour, of present influence; but today's back-
woodsman and the solitary mountaineers are the men of the future.
Tlie natural ineciuality in gifts and callings of men and classes of
men is the noiinal sociological (oiidition it is the source of the inex-
haustible forces of life. England's strength liis in its vast shores
Vvith their rude and crude population of a refreshing originality.
Inland countires must rely to the same degree upon the dwellers of
ils forests. Remove the foicst, level the mountain, shut up the sea,
and human society will perish from the dessicating breath of a hot-
liouse cult uie. Whole countries, deprived of the protection by forests,
have become the prey of Hoods and cyclones, and their i)eop'le are as
dead as their soil. Such is the case with a large part of Italy, sought
by the American traveler, not so much for its forests and it's people,
OS for the glory of its past culture. AVe need the trees not merely
to keep our stoves warm, but esiiecially to keep the pulse of our
luitional life warm and vigorous for the better development of na-
tional charactc^r. A Washington, a Lincoln, a (Jartleld, and many
(»ther shining lights of American leadership were born and reared
in the forest.

JJut what is tru; of the nation is true of the State, the county, the
city. The devastation of woodland in my own county of Lancaster
had developed a prosaic, non-enterprising race of nionev-hoarders.
With the renewal of forest culture and the rise of nurs ries, Lan-
caster lias changed from a stupid village into a beautiful city, and
the once prosaic fanner has come into touch with the best of inodern
Jjfe.

The inhabitants of forist villages, as I found them in tlie Black
forest, and my own Thuringian home-land, are of a far more vigorous
and intellectual staiuf) than those in the open countries. They are
indeed much poorer, lougher. cruder, and more quarrelsome among
themselves, but they are likewise^ truly more religious, ])atri()tic, and
of much haj»]uer dispositions. When they degenerate they become
the geniuses among tram])s. When the open countrv farmer degen-
erates he becomes a heart hss miser.

Moreover, forests are a nation's playgrounds. Trees inspire men
v'ith all sorts of p()])ular art. The dweller among trees sings his
own song, generati(m after generation; he has learned it from the
birds and remembers it long after his neighbors on the farm have
forgotten the old folk lore. A village without its woods is, there-
fore, like a city without its historical buildings, without its monu-
ments and its art galleries, its theaters and its music lialls, without

any kind of art or heart stimulus. The forest or clump of trees is
indeed nature's gymnasium for boys and girls, but at the same time
the festive hall for grown up men and women. Out of the nation s
playgrounds has at all times come the renewal of the people's art.
Artsts like Kuisdael, Everdingen, and Calame knew the forest from
childhod up like the Lord's Prayer, they painted it with their very
life-blood. But when the Kococco period dawntd and the destruction
of woodland became the fashion of the day, when palatial residences
were moved into naked plains, the landscape paintings began to dis-
i'ppear from the great art galleries and the simple folk-scmg lost its
tlavor. Vice versa, when Shakespiare, who has sung of the splendors
of the forest in his own niagniticent way, became jfopular and the
folk-song was heard again, the l^^nglish people were stirred to the
core. Their forests were gone, but the development of a new and
decidelv original horticulture assumed gigantic proi)ortions. All the
great poets of that age took up the note of Shakespeare and the
folk-songs again inspired and rejuvenated the hearts of men like a
mighty breath from the depth of a primeval forest. Mozart and
Maydn filled the old words with the new spirit of their immortal
niusic, as thrilling as though they had learned it from the birds of

the forest

The nation's great playgrounds finally give to us over-regulated
men and women of the twentieth century, a touch of real personal
liberty. Here you may roam wherever you please without the re-
striction of a patented road or turnpike. Here the young and old
can run and jump and climb to their heart's desire without being
counted foolish; here is the picnicker's kingdom; here the cooped-up,
jruritan, Sundav-school piety finds relief and comes into touch with
real life, which" is real religion. But the fences must disappear and
the prohibitions vanish or our forest becomes useless like the barri-
caded parks of England, and (Uir social customs become as artificial
as those of England, where no one is allowed at the theaters and
concert halls unless he appear in a dress suit of the latest cut. Let
us preserve the i)recious boon of our social freedom by the develop-
ment of our national forests; for that alone will guarantee a secure
future. The })arks and green scpiares of our modern city, however
vast their influence upon city life has been and still is, can never
compensate for a stri]) of national or state forest. The history of
classic antiquitv has shown it and the social c(mditions of our large
cities prove in a thousand ways how far really the forest is removed
from them. And yet out of dense forests of the north the Teuton and
the Saxon came to annihilate wornout Bome and give a new light
and a new liberty to a new race of men.

The free forest and the free sea have been significantly called by
the poets the sacred shrines of nature. The sacred iutluence of guile-
less nature is therefore nowhere more touching and sublime than
when the forest and sea meet, where the music of the breakers and
of the storm-tossed trees swell into a grand harmonious hymn, or
where in the silence cd' high noon the lonely traveler is overawed by
the stillness of the forest, away from human habitation, hearing
only the beating of his own heart and the murmur of the distant
waves in the church-like stillness of the wilderness.

Such, young g-ntU'inen, is your sanctuary, such the mission of the
chosen domain of vour vocation. The Pennsylvania finest is no

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DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

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longer the red man^s wilderness from which we are trying to escape,
but one of the grand conserv^atories of our best national character-
istics. It is your high and noble mission to preserve it intact. It
presents the aristocratic element in soil culture and must be valued
as much for its inherent ideal values as for its productiveness and
cash results. It is your mission to carry these high ideals with you
und to spread them among the peo])le. It is your prerogative, as
emissaries of the State, to tell your constituents that this is the
business of all of the people and not merely of individuals, for indi-
vidual forest culture is, after all, mere hedge culture. In ages past
forest culture was the king's business, carried on for his own pleasure
of hunting and raising game; but kings were governed by a spirit
of haughty arrogance, which precipitated many bloody conflicts be-
tween prince and peasant. You are the princes of modern times, into
whose hands the safety and welfare of the forest is committed. You
are the keej)ers and preservers of the nation's physical and spiritual
well-being, but your nobility is not (me of might or name merely, but
of bravery, of loyalty, and of truth. Brave in the loneliness of your
station, courageous in the midst of dangers of the wild, intrepid in
your struggle with the demon fire, loyal to the educational ideals of
your teachers, grateful for the equipment so generously oflered you
by your great State, faithful to the trusts imposed in you by the
people, true to the highest and noblest impulses of your young man-
hood, symbolized by the forest-spirit, may you go forth on your
great patriotic mission of forest culture with high hopes, and may
God bless you in your work!

FIXED CHAKGES ON STATE LAND.

Statement of the amount paid for road and school purposes in 1910
and 1911 under the act of April \ 1905, P. L. Ill, and the act of
May 13, 1909, P. L. 744.

1910.

County.

Township.

Adams,
Adams.
Adams,

Bedford.
Bedford,
Bedford,

Franklin,

Hainiltonban,
Menallen.

Colorain,

Cumberland Valley,
Southampton, _

Cameron,

Cameron,

Cameron,

Cameron,

Cameron,

Cameron,

Gibson

Grove,

Independent
Lumber, __
Portage, --
Shippen, _-.

district.

Centre,
Centre,
Centre,
Centre,
Centre,
Centre,
Centre,
Centre,
Centre,
Centre,
Centre,
Centre,
Centre,
Centre,

Burnside, _.
College, —

Curtin,

Ferguson, .
Gregg, -_-...

Haines,

Harris, —
Miles, -----

Penn,

Potter, _-.

Rush,

Snow Shoe,
Spring, —
Walker, .-.

Clearfield,
Clearfield,
Clearfield.
Clearfield,
Clearfield,
Clearfield,

Clearfield,
Clearfield,

Covington, _

Girard, _—

Goshen, __

Huston, - - --

Karthaus, _.

Pine (part of Lawrence
school purposes).

Pike.

Sandy, —

for

Clinton,
Clinton,
Clinton,
r^Iinton,
Clinton,
Clinton,
Clinton,
Clinton,
Clinton,
Clinton,
Clinton,
CUntoD ,

Beech Creek,
Castanca, ._
Chapman, _.
Colcbrook, _.
Crawford, ..
E. Keating.
Gallagher, -.

Greene.

Grugan.

Lamar,

Leidy, -

Noyes,

QQ

o
p.

M

:3
p.

08

U
O

4,199
3,536
5,738

1,432
431

7,072

25,356
30,2C6

9,823
2,821
6,997 ,

20,380

606

2,890

2,000

3,2,39

13,109

11,918

8,796

6,370

7,081

3,038

803

1,100

1,350

978

11,349

1,964

7,861

7,335

15,846

1,930
610

19,105
226

25 887
1,816
671
3,469
3,782
1,130

10,067
1,439

15,778

18,676

OS

o

o

e9

OQ

$83 96

70 72

114 76

28 64

8 62

141 44

rm 12

605 32

196 46

56 42

139 94

407 60

12 12

67 80

40 00

64 78

262 18

238 36

175 92

127 40

141 62

60 76

16 06

22 00

27 CO

19 56

226 98
39 28
157 22
146 70
316 92

S8 60

12 20

382 10

4 52

.517 74

36 32

13 42
69 38
75 64
22 60

201 14

28 78
315 56
37S52

P.

O

o

w

o

CO OQ

4,199
3,586
5,738

I

1,432

431

7,072

19,794

23,658

12,170

9,823

2,821

6,997

11.523

606

2,890

2,000

3,239

13.109

11.918

8,796

6,370

7,061

3,038

803

1,100

1,350

878

n,.3»9

1,964

7,861

7,335

15,846

1,930
610

18.945
226

25,887
1,816
671
3,469
2,585
1,130

10,057
1,439

15,778

16,781

o
o

•s

BQ

o

08 .

§p.
0,

I

$83 98

70 72

114 76

28 64

8 62
141 44

395 88
473 16
243 40
196 46

56 42
139 94

230 46
12 19

57 80
40 00
64 78

262 18

238 36

175 92

127 40

141 62

60 76

16 06

22 00

27 00

19 56
226 98

39 28
157 22
146 70
316 92

.38 60

12 20

278 90

4 52

517 74

36 32

13 42

09 88
50 70
2i 60

201 14

28 78
315 56
335 62

220

REPORT OF THE

1910.

Off. Doc.

County.

Township.

ei

O

O

es

§5.

P.

O

o

in
en %

Clinton.

Clinton,

Clinton

Clinton,

Clint(')n.

Clinton,

Cuniberl:ui<l,
Cuniberiafi'l,
(.tuniborland,
Cumbcriand,

Dauphin. -..

Klk.

Klk.

Franklin.
Franklin,
Franklin,
Franklin,
Franklin,
Frankhn,
Franklin,
Franklin,
Franklin,
Franklin,

Fulton, .
Fulton, .

Pine Crock, _

Wayne,

\V. Keating', --

Woodwaitl, --

.lont'S indi'pcndent district, __
liartoti independent district,

Dickinson,

llojM'well, ...
Southampton.
Cpper Mitflin,

.Jackson, .

IJenezette,
llorton, .

Huntlnf,'d(»n,
Huntingdon,
Huntln^'don,
Huntfn».'d(in,
Huntln.ffli.n,
lluntin>iu.>n.
Huntingdon,
Huntini^don,
Huntfnjrd )n,
Huntingdon,
Huntfn^'don.
Huntfnifdon,
HuntliiKdrui,
Huntfn^'don,

Fannott, _.

rjreene, _

Ciuilford, _

Jlaniilton,

I.etterkenny, __.

Metal, — .

Peters, ._

Quincy _-.

Southampton, _.
Washington, __.

Dublin,
Tod. ..

Barroe,

I5rady,

Cass. .- _

Franklin,

.Fackson,

Lincoln,

I-oyan.

Miller,

Morris.

P( nn

Porter, _

Shirley,

Spruce Oeek,
Todd,

HuntfiiKdon, ' Cnion,

Huntingdon, West,

Juniata.

.Tuniata

Juniata, _

lack,

Milford. -.
Tuscarora ,

Lackawanna, IchlKh.

T.ycomfncr, _ _. Drown,

T;ycf)mfnc:, __ (^"n^'an House,

T.ycomfnp: .| <"Mmminj;s. ..

T-ycomTnur, | Gamble

T.yroniInK I lewis.

Limestone,

McTntyre

LypomluK,
T-ycomlnR,

T-ycomInc, _ _.j Mclienry,

LypomlnR __ MlfTlin,

Lycomlnjr _.j Xippenose.

Lypomlne | Phmketts Creek,

Lyeomfnp _| Washington, ...

Lycpnilng ,' Watson,

740
.5, oil

;j,G35
l,(ij:i

1,23./

444

1,172

2ca

3,3i>4

]G,r)36
283

.'5,201

12,3%'

2,3.")r>

S16

3,KJ7 !

eco

4f)5 I
11,017
2,890
2,0:rO

1,171
4,71G

2,218

.")0r>

3,,-)04

2,300

24,1(»

."()(>

2,780

2,ri72

(;2.'>

313
3,2.")f)
3,218
1,400
l.lflT

.773
3,385

1,8JW

9.>

890

3,278

18,282

10.351

3,380

5,430

494

1,04:')

9,750

14 80

no 22

72 70

32 8ti

24 70 _.

8 88
23 44 _.

5 38 '

07 08 :

330 72 :

5 m .

04 02 i

217 fr> !.

47 10 !.

10 32 '
0;{-94 I
13 20 |.

0 90 !.
220 .34 !
.17 80 .
41 00

20 42

94 32

i

44 36 i

11 90
71 28
4<) (H)

489 20

10 00
55 60 I
.'1 44

12 .10 i

6 26 '
<i5 18 i
m 36
28 00 '

. 23 94 1

11 46 I
67 70

'M\ 60

1 90

17 80

65.56

365 64

7 .10
307 02

67 60

108 78

9 88

20 no

195 00

740
5,.111
3,635
1,643
15.912
3,. 161

444

""269"

3,354

16,5.36
233

1J,201

816
3,197

11,017 1

" '2^0.10' '

1,471
4.716 I

2.218

595 I
3,564 j
2, .'500 I
2I,4(;0

.100 !

2,780
2,^Ti \
625 '
313 !
3,259
3,218
1,10!)
1,P»7
.173
3,385

l,8f!0 '
95 I

800 I

3,278 j

18,282 I
375 .
15,351
3,380
5,43T>
494
1,045 !
7,436 ,

no
8, ail

3,805
1,131

2 20

177 02

76 10

22 62

no

8.a51
3,805
1,131

o
o

o

OS .
O fl

s 5.

14 80

no 22

72 70

:J2 80

318 24

VI 22

8 88

'5'38

67 08

330 72
5 66

61 02

16 .32
63 94

220 34

41 00

29 42

94 32

44 30

11 90
71 2S
46 00

489 2i*>

10 00

55 60
.51 4t

12 .10

6 26
65 18

(14 :u>

28 (X^
23 94

11 16
67 70

36 60

1 90

17 80

65 56

36*^ 64

7 50
.307 02

fi7 60

108 78

988

20 90
148 72

2 20

177 02

76 10

22 62

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

1910.

County.

Township.

Mifflin. -.

Mifflin. _-

Mifflin. _.

Mifflin. _.

Mifflin. _.

Mifflin. _.

Mifflin. -.

Monroe, .
Monroe, .
Monroe, .

Perry,
Perry,
Perry,

Pike. -.

Pike, -.

Pike, -.

Pike, -.

Pike, -.

Pike, -.

Pike, -.

Pike, _.

Pike, -.

Pike, -.

Pike, -.

Potter, _- Abbott,

Armaf?h,

liratton,

Brown,

iH'catur,

Menno,

rni(ni, _

Wayne,

Barrett,

Middle Sniithfleld,
Price, --

Jackson.
Madison,
Toboyne,

Bloonu'ng Grove, _

Delaware, _

Dingman,

Greene.

Lacka waxen,

I eliman,

MIHord.

I'almyra,

P -rter. _ _.

Si).)hola,

Wcstfall,

Potter.
Potter.

Potter,
Potter,
Potter,

.\ust'ij borouLTh,
Hast Fork ^attached to Ku-
lalia tor school purposes).

Homer,

l\eatiiig, _.

Portage,

Potter Sicwardson, —

Potter.
Potter,

Su.illlilt,

Sylvaiila,

Potter. W'st Dianch, .

Potter. - 1 Wharton

Snyder, j Adams

Snyder Beaver.

Snyder. __ 1 Franklin.

Snyder. | Perry,

Snyder. i -spring

Snyder. - j Washingt:)ii. _.

Snyder 1 Aest Beaver, ..

Snyder, _ ' West Pnry. _.

Somerset.
Somerset.
Somerset.

Tioga,
Tioga,
Tioga,
Tioga,
Tioga,
Tioga.
Tioga,

lefTirson,
lenner. .
I.iuj'oln.

Chatham,
Delmar, _.
Pum an. ..

i'ik.

Mi«ldlrbury,
>'''nis. ..
Sl'.ipp.n, ..

Hi Ion.
t'nlon.
ndon.
Fnion,

Hartley, .-.
Lewis.

West r-.ir.i! '.

White Deer, .

19,429

8,105

7,117

411

258

202

4,128

1,131
«,182
3,083

4,398

599

13,742

11,658
1,252
4,240
3,125
2,3r)6
3,678
799
3,0<H

20,. 304

410

2,5.10

21,879

684

5,344

9.422

4,440

12,7ff4

32,1(«
15,f)25

4,714
809

6,799

2,.178
689

1,116
.185

5,1:58
258

6,697

1,620

1.013
1,029
1.395

919

5,420

1,087

10,489

! ,365

17,1.19

14.320

19^0.-9

11,9:11

7,. 364

3,206

11

102

388 58

Ui2 10

112 34

8 22

5 16

4 04

82 56

22 02
43 64
(il 66

87 96
11 98

274 84

233 16
25 04
84 80
62 50
47 12
73 56

15 96
(-0 02

40() 08

8 20

51 00

437 58

1:5 CS

106 88

l.'i8 44

88 80
2.>> 28
613 26
30^ 50

94 88

16 18
135 98

51 .16
13 78
22 32

70

76

5 16

133 94

32 40

20 8<>
20 58
27 90

18 38

108 40

21 74

209 78

27 m

313 18

286 40

.•^1 18

23r» 82

147 28

04 12

19,429

8,105

7,117

411

'""202"
4,128

1,131 i

2,182

3,083

4, .398

599

13,742

11,658
1^252
4,240
3,125
2,;556
3,6V8
799
3,001

20.. 304

410

2,550

21,879

684

5,344

9,422

4,440
12.7(J4
32,1C3
15,025

4,714
80!>

6,799

2.5T8
6»>

1,116
58.1

5,13S
2.18

6,697

1.620

1.013
1.029
1.305

919

5,420

1.087

10,489

1,.36.1

17.119

14.320

19,0.19
11,991

221

i

es

s

p.

■ 0
0

.C

t-t

^

.-.

3

0

0

u

a

•M

0

0

•o

w

<8

8

"3

tft

S3 .

»«

Im

0, fi

hi

«

i»

a

II

•M
CO Ui

9. c

ount
urpos

So.

Sft

3 p.

<

<

<

^
■^

388 58

1(J2 10

142 31

8 22

"404

82 56

22 62
43 61

61 (Hi

87 96

11 98

274 84

233 16
25 04
84 80

62 50
47 12
V3 50
15 96
60 02

406 08

8 20

51 00

437 58

13 68

106 88

ISS 44

88 80

255 28

643 26

300 50

91 88

16 18

l;55 98

51 56

13 78

22 .32

11 70

102 76

5 16

1.3;? 94

32 40

20 86

20 58

27 90

18 38

108 4C

21 74

209 78

27 30

.343 18

286 40

.381 18

239 82

^^it

3,206

64 12

222

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

223

1910.

1911.

(

8

3

o
o

1

O

P.

CO

%4

t^

^■N

&

o

O

u»

a

•M

o

O

-o

.

u

County.

Tawnshlp.

as

e

•1— »

OS

to
(-1

« .
Pi CO

t-t

V

O

Qi

o

mount
purpos

cres f
poses.

•

mount
purpos

•

<

i ■*

<

<3

Westmoreland, _„

Cooke, - ^

4,052

81 04

4.052

81 04

Westmoreland, „_

Wyoming,

Wyoming, _ —

LiETonier.

1,013

20 26

1,013

20 26

Katon •--

1,177

23 54

977

19 54

I'atoii indeDcndent district.-

200

4 00

Total,

890 411

$17,808 22

861,586

$17,231 72

1911.

•

-a

.^

o

X

03

3

o

1

2

ft

CQ

s

o

>— *

O

M

^

•M

c

o

County.

Township.

1

C3

CO

73

e3 ,

ft«

^

P. en

»4

»

O

«

s

a

II

09

CO CO

4J "«

S ft

2 f-

^

1

Op

Eft

sS

O p

Sft

•5(

<

<1

<J

Adams.
Adams,
Adams.

Franklin,

j llaiiiiltonban,

: Monallcn,

Bedford. Colerain

Bedford I Cumberland Valley,

Bedford! Southampton,

Cameron, Gibson, _

Cameron, _ Grovo.

Cameron, _ — j Ir^dcpcrHlcnt district,

Cameron ' Lumber,

Cameron, _ 1 Portapo,

Cameron, __ , Shipp(Mi, _.

4,199 I

3,536

5,738

1,432

431

7,072

2r),3r)r)

30,266

Centre, - - Burnsidc, ..

Centre, | College, ...

Centre, Curtin, —

Centre, Ferguson. .

Centre Gregg.

Centre j Haiios, —

Centre ' Harris, __..

Centre, ' Miles,

Centre j Ponn,

Centre, i Potter, — .

Centre. 1 Rush,

Centre, i Snow Shoo,

Centre Spring, __.,

Centre - Walker, ._.

Clearfield,
Clearfield.
Clearfield.
Clearfield.
Clearfield,

Covington,
Girard, .-.
Goshen, __.
Hu?ton. _.
Karthaus,

9,823
2.821
(),997

20, .^SO

fiOC

2,890

2,749

3,239

13,lfiO

11,918

9,113

6,370

7,081

3,038

803

1.100

1,350

978

11 ,349

1,964

7,861

7,33ft

$83 98

70 72

114 76

28 64

8 62

141 44

507 12
605 32

196 46

66 42

139 94

407 60

12 12

57 .SO

54

64

263 20

238 36

182 26

127 40

141 62

60 76

16 06

22 OO

27 00

98
78

4,199
3,536
5,738

1,432

431

7,072

19,794

23,658

12.170

9,823

2,821

6,997'

20, 3<^

606

2,890

2,749

3,239

13.160

11,918

9,113

6,.'?70

7,081

3,0?8

803

1,100

1,360

$83 98

70 72

114 7G

28 64

8 62

141 44

395 S8
473 16
243 40
196 46
.% 42.
139 94

407 00

12 12

57 80

54 98

64 78

263 20

238 36

182 26

127 40

141 62

60 76

16 Of

22 00

27 00

19 56

JffS

19 16

226 98

11,349

226 98

.SO 28

• 1,964

;» 28

157 22

7.861

157 22

146 70

7,385

146 70

County.

Township.

Clearfield.

Clearfield,
Clearfield,
Clearfield,

Clinton, _

Clinton, _

Clinton, -

Clinton, -

Clinton, -

Clinton, -

Clinton, -

Clinton, .

Clinton, -

Clinton, .

Clinton, .

Clinton, .

Clinton, .

Clinton, .

Clinton, .

Clinton, .

Clinton, .

Clinton,

Pine (part of Lawrence
school purposes).

Pike.

Sandy, _ -— -

Union,

Cumberland,
Cumberland,
Cumberland,
Cumberland,

Dauphin,

Elk,
Elk.

Beech Creek,

Castanea, —

Chapman,

Cok'brook, _ —

Crav^ford,

E. Keating,

Gallagher, _

Green,

Grugan, _-

Lamar, —

Leidy,

Logan, -

Noyes, - -

Pine Creek,

Wa3me. _

W. Keating,

Woodward.

Barton independent district,.

Dickinson, —

Hopewell,

Southampton,
Upper Mifflin,

Franklin ,
Franklin,
Franklin,
Franklin,

Jackson,

Benezettc,
Horton, .

Fannett,
Greene, --
Guilford,
Hamilton,

Franklin, --1 Letterkcnny,

Franklin,
F*ranklin,
Franklin,
Franklin,
Franklin,

Fulton,
Fulton,

Huntincdon,

Huntingdon,

Huntingdon,

Huntingdon,

Huntingdon,

Huntingdon,

Huntingdon,

Huntingdon,

Huntingdon,

Huntingdon,

Huntingdon,

Huntingdon,

Huntingdon,

Huntfmrdon,

Huntingdon,

Huntingdon,

Metal, _ -

Peters. -

Quincy, _ --.-

Southampton. _ -

Washington,

Dublin ,
Tod, -.

Barree,

Brady. —

Cass —

Franklin,

Jackson,

Lincoln,

TiOgan,

Miller.

Morris,

Penn,

Porter,

Shirley,

Spruce Creek,

Todd, _-

Union, —

West, --

Juniata, — | I,«|l^- ,— -

.Tunlata. - — Mllford, -

Juniata ' Tuscarora,

19,10v'>

226

25,887

1,816

671

3,469

3,882

1,930

10,057

4,045

15,778

305

18,676

740

5,. 511

3,635

1,043

1,235 1
444 !

1.172 j
269

3,35i

16,5.36
283 I

3,867
12,396

2,355
816

3,197
660
495
11,017 1

2,890

2,0.')0

i
1,471 I
4,716

2,218 I

.'>95

3, .564

2,455

24,660

500
2,780
2, .772

625

.^3
3.2.'i9
3,218
1,400
1,197

573
3,385

1,830

9fi

890

382 10 ;

4 52

517 74

36 .32

13 42
60 38
77 64
38 60

201 14

80 90

315 56

6 10

373 52

14 80
110 22

72 70
32 86

24 70

8 88

23 44

5 38

67 08

.330 72

5 m

77 34
247 92 ,.
47 10 ..
16 32
63 94
13 20 :

9 no i_.

220 .-U

57 80 ..
41 00

29 42
94 32

44 36

11 90
71 28
49 10

493 20

10 no

.«« 00
51 44

12 m

6 26
f>5 18
64 96
28 00
23,94

11 46
67 TO

36 60
1 90

17 80

19,105
226

25,887
1,H16
1,145
3,469
2.«W5
1,<X»

io,a.")7

4,045

15.778

305

18,676

740

5,511

3,635

1,643

3,561

444

269

3,354

16.536
283

3,867

816

3,197

660

11,017

2,050 j

1,471
4,716

2,218

.595 ■
3, .564
2.455
24,660
iiOO
2,780
2,. 572 •
625
313 '
3,259
3,218 ;
1,400
1,197 I
.573 .
3,385 I

1,830 '
95 I
890

382 10
4 .52

517 74
3^) 32
22 90
(JO im
52 70
:«> 60.

201 14
80 90

315 56
6 10

373 52
14 80

110 22
72 70
32 86
71 22

8 88

"538

67 08

330 72
5 66

77 .34

16 32
63 94
13 20

220 34

41 00

29 42
94 32

44 .36

11 90
71 28
49 10

493 20

10 00
5.S 60
51 44

12 .V»
6 W

65 18
64 3«
28 00
23 94

11 46
m 70

36 60

1 90

17 80

\i

16

224

REPORT OF THE

1911.

Off. Doc.

No 26.

i

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Luckiiwaiina,

-I Lehfgh,

Lycoiiiint,'.
Lycoming.
TiyconiinK.
Lyconiing.
Lycoming,
lyycouilng.
T/ycoiiiluK.
Lycoming.
Lycoming.
Lycoming.
Lycoming.
Lycoming.
Lycoming.
Lycoming.
Lycoming.

Mifflin.
Mifflin.
Mifflin,
Mifflin.
Mifflin.
Mifflin,
Mifflin.

Monroe,
Monroe,
Monroe,

Perry, ..

Perry, ..

Perry, ..

Perry, ..

Pike,
Pike,
Pike,
Pike,
Pike.
Pike,
Pike.
Pike,
Pike,
Pike.
Pike.

Potter,
Potter.
Potter,

Potter,
Potter,
Potter,
Potter,
Potter,
Potter,
Potter,
Potter,

Snyder,
Snyder,
Snyder,
Snyder,
Snyder,
Snyder,
Snyder,
Snyder,

Armstrong,

Brown,

Clinton, _.

Cogan Uous^ ..

Cunimings,

Gamble,

Lewis. _. -

Limestone,

McHenry, _ __

Mclntyre,

Mifflin,

Nlppenose, _

Plunketts Creek,
Wasliiugton, .-.
Watson, _ .-

3,538

2,4.)1
18, 72'^

1,933

375

15,3;>1

3,;m)

5,4.J9

494

9,7,00

1.045

Armagh,
Bratton,
Brown, ,
Decatur,
Menno, .
Union, _
Wayne, .

Barrett

Middle Smltheld,
Price, -

.lack son,
Madison.
'I'ohoyne,
Tyrone, -

Blooming Grove, --

Delaware,

Dingman,

Greene. -.

r.aekawaxen

I.ohman,

Milford independent

Palmyra, __.

Porter, ,

Shohola

Westfall.

district.

Abbott. -- j

Austin borough. j

East Fork (attaehed to Eu- j
lalla for school purposes). I

Homer !

Keating ..j

Portage

Stewardson.

Summit, i

Sylvanla

West Branch.

Wharton,

Adams

Beaver

Franklin,

Perry.

Spring.

Washington

West Beaver,

West Perry,

110

8,966
4,438

i,i;<i

20.,S95

8, .513

7,117

501

258

202

4,128

1,131
2,182
3,083

4,538

l,f).')7

19,()72

330

11,6;')8
1,252
4,653
3,125
2,3.56
3,678
790
3,001

20,458

410

2,. 550

21 ,879

684

5,344

9,422

4,440
14,695
.^,163
15,025

4,744
800

6,799

2.578
689

1,116
58.5

5,138
258

6,897

1,680

70 76

49 02

374 44

38 66

7 fjO

307 02

67 60

1C8 78

9 88

195 00

20 90

2 20

179 72

88 76

22 62

407 90

170 26

142 34

11 82

5 16

4 04
82 56

22 62
43 64

61 66

90 76

33 14

393 44

6 60

233 16
25 04

93 06

62 50
47 12
73 56

15 98
60 02

409 16

8 20

51 00

437 58

13 68

106 88

188 44
88 SO
293 90
643 26
300 ."50
(M 88

16 18
135 98

51 56
13 78
22 32
11 70
102 76

5 16
Va 94

32 40

3,538

2,451

18,722

1,933

375

15,351

3,380

5,439

494

7,436

l,04o

110

5,146
1,131

4,538

1,657

19.672

11.658
1,252
4.ft>3
3,12f>
2,356
3,678
7P9
3,001

20,458

410

2,550

21.979

681

5,. 344

9,422

4,410

14,695

32,163

15.025

4.744

800

6,799

2,-578
689

1,116
5S5

5,1»
258

6,697

1,620

70 76

49 02
374 44

38 66

7 50

307 02

67 60

108 78

9 88

148 72

20 90

2 20

179 72

102 92

22 62

20,39.5

407 90

8,513

170 26

7,122

142 44

501

1

11 82

202

404

4,128 1

82 56

1.131 :

22 62

2,182

43 64

3,083 1

!

61 66

90 76

.33 14

3m 44

6 60

2.33 16
25 04

93 06
62 .50
47 12
73 56

15 98
60 02

400 16

8 20

51 00

437 .58

13 68

106 88

188 44
8S 80
203 90
643 26
300 ;V>

94 88

16 18
1.35 98

51 .56
13 78
22 ^
11 70

102 76
5 16

133 94
32 40

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.
1911.

225

•TL".iiyi».v-^ :i. •>--ri

County

Somerset ; Jeflferson,

Somerset Jenner, .

Somerset - Lincoln,

Tioga, Chatham,

Tioga. - - Delmar, __

Tioga, - Enjncan, _.

Tioga, - ' Elk, -.

Tioga, - .---i Middlebury, --.

Tioga,
Tioga,

Union,
Union.
Union,
Union,

Morris ,
Shippen,

Westmoreland,
Westmoreland,

Wyoming.

Total,

Hartley,

West Buffalo,
White Deer. .

Cooke

Ligonier, —

Eaton,

1,043
1.029
1,395

919

5,420

1,087

10,489

1,366

17,159

14.320

19,481

11,991

7,364

3,206

4,052
1,013

1,177

914,374

20 86

20 58
27 90

18 38
108 40

21 74
209 78

27 :^o
.343 18
286 40

389 62

239 82

147 28

64 12

81 04
. 20 26

23 54

1,043
1.02^
1,395

mo

5,420

1,087
10,489

1.365
17,159
14,320

19,481

11,991

7,364

3,206

4,052
1,013

1,177

$18,287 48

894,100

20 86

20 .58
27 90

18 38
108 40

21 74
209 78

27 30
343 18
286 40

389 62

239 82

147 28

64 12

81 04
20 26

23 54

$17,882 00

RECAPITULATION.

Total amount paid in 1910, $35,030.^. ono oo

800.411 acres at 2 cents per acre for road purposes, — - -— $17,806 22

861,586 acres at 2 cents per acre lor school purposes, _ _ -v •■»— 17,231 72

$35,039 94

Total amount paid in 1911, $36,169.48. a» oo-r aq

914,374 acres at 2 cents per acre for road purposes, _ - - '^^•^ *°

894,100 acres at 2 cents per acre lor school purposes. _ 17,882 00

$36,169 48

THE RESPONSE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY TO
THE FLYNN RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY THE LEGISLA-
TURE APRIL 24, 1911.

On Monday evening, April 24th, 1011, the Hon. John Flynn, a
member of the House of Representatives from Elk county, intro-
duced a resolution into the House calling for certain information
from the Department of Forestry, and to include responses to ques-
tions relating to the number of acres of State forest reserves, from
whom the land was purchased, and the price paid; the operations
that are carried on upon the forest reserves, particularly relating to
the operation of saw mills, and the names of all persons employed
by the Department of Forestry.
15--.26--1911

(:

F '

226

REPORT OP THE

Off. Doc.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESrRY.

227

i

A certified copj of the resolution was filed with the Commissioner
of Forestry on April 27th, 1911, and on the following May 2d, 1911,
the response to the resolution was filed with the Chief Clerk and
duly presented. Since the material contained in the reply of the
Department was directed to be published in the appendix to the
proceedings of the Legislature, and which appendix, so far as known,
has not yet been published, or at least is not available to the people
of Pennsylvania who are entitled to the information furnished the
Legislature, the response is hereinbelow published in full:

May 2, 11111.

To Ihe Honorable,

The House of Representatives of the CommonAvoaltli of Pennsyl-
vania.

Gentlemen: In response to a resolution of the House adopted on
April 24th, 1911, but which did not reach me until 11.00 A. M.,
Thursday, April 27th, 1911, I beg leave to submit in compliance
therewith, the following data called for by the resolution, and in
doing so desire to say that this information and all other informa-
tion concerning the operation of this Department and the State
Forestry Reservation Commission generally, is on tile in the office
of this Department, where it is at all times available and open for
the inspection and information of all Members of the General As-
sembly, and of the public generally.

In response to the first and second requests of the Resolution as
to how many acres of land have been ])urchas;d by the Forestry
Commission in behalf of Ihe Commonwealth, from whom the land
was purchased, the location of the land, and the price paid for each
piece or parcel, beg leave to submit herewith a statement marked
''Schedule No. 1,'' in which you will find the information desired.
In the aggregate it is shown that 913,000 acres have been purchased
by the Commonwealth since purchases began in the year 1898. for
which the State has paid by means of a]>]>ropriations made from
time to time the sum of |2,1 19,509.62, apialing an average price
of $2.24 per acre.

In response to the third inquiry of the Resolution as
to whether or not the State Forestry Commission or the
Commission of Forestry is operating any saw mill or saw
mills, together with the number thereof and where located,
for the purpose of manufacturing lumber on the State Forest
Reserves, and who is in chnrge of the mills, the cost of manufacture,
end the price received for the product, beg leave to state that here-
with and marked "Schedule No. 2," will be found a complete state-
ment of the operation of the one sawmill owned and operated by
the Department, together with a statement of the e^rpense of opera-

tion, the amount realized from the product, and a statement of the
net profit over all expense. From tliis it will be seen that this mill,
in occasional operation for a little less than three years, has paid
for itself and made in addition a profit of $1,061.31, besides using
material which under other conditions and methods of manufacture
and attempts (o sell would have been largely lost to the State; and
^vhich would have been completcily lost had it not been removed
from the forest. From this showing it will be seen that the State
is justified in combining scientific principles with practical methods
in an endeavor to make for itself out of its forest holdings every pos-
sible profit, and that the training received at the State Forest
Academy by our foresters, who are now in charge of these operations,
is adequate for the purpose, affording the State a just return for her
effort expended in educating and training these young men.

In response to the fourth inquiry contained in your resolution
asking for the names of all the persons employed by the State For-
estry Commission or the Commissioner of Forestry, together with
a statement of the salary or wages paid to each preson, I beg leave
to report that 1 have attached hereto a schedule marked "Schedule
No. 3,'^ in which will be found the names of all persons so employed
and a statement of the amount of salary per month paid to each
person.

In further response to the fourth inquiry contained in your reso-
lution, I beg leave to state that in the various forestry operations
l>eing conducted by our foresters, numerous laborers are employed
who live in the locality, and who are paid by the hour at the prevail-
ing rate of wages in the place where the work is done.

The names of the men and the amounts paid respectively are fur-
nished upon the pay rolls of the Foresters, and payments are made
from the labor fund for which regular appropriations are made by
the Legislature. These men are not continuously employed and are
changed from time to time.

Herewith you will find a* statement marked "Schedule No. 4," in
\\hich will be found the names and the amounts paid the laborers
in the employ of the Department for the month of March, 1911.

I tnist the information herein contained will sufficiently answer
the queries of your Honorable House made in the aforesaid Resolu-
tion. If further information be desired respecting the operation of
the Department, I bfg leave to say we are ready to furnish the same
either to the members of the Legislature individually or in response
to any further action which the House in its judgment may think it
desirable to take.

I am, indeed,

Very respectfully yours,

ROBERT S. CONKLIN,
Commissioner of Forestrv.

228

REPORT OP THE

Off. Doc

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OP FORESTRY.

229

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DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

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246

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OP FORESTRY.

247

SCHEDULE NO. 2.

In reply to the third paragraph of your resolution, relative* to the
operation of saw mills by the Department of Forestry, the number
of mills, names of those in charge, the cost of the work, and the
price received for the ]>roduct, beg leave to report as follows: In June,
1909, a saw mill, shingle mill, lath mill, and an engine were purchased
for use on the Mont Alto reserve. The prinmry reason for procuring
this outfit, as in the other case we mention, is for the making of im-
provement cuttings in the State forest. The lands purchased for forest
reserves are clothed with various kinds of timber. Some contain
brush, others young growing stands, while still others contain some
over-mature and defective timber, which must be removed in order
to make way for the growing of the valuable even aged stand. The
purpose of employing a saw mill in this work was that the removal
of wood in the process of improvement cutting, makes the woods
better than when the State bought the land ; and certain of the prod-
uct may be worked up by a saw mill into merchantable stuff which
will sell in the market for a greater price than if cut into cord wood
by hand and sold as cordwood.

Mr. Lewis E. Staley, a forester in the em])loy of the Department,
is in charge of the work of improvement cutting on the Mont Alto
division of the South Mountain reserve, is a graduate of tlie State
Forest Academy, a practical saw mill man as well as a forester, and
has had charge of the operation of that mill.

A statement of the operation of the Mont Alto mill under Mr.
Staley's charge is as follows:

Expense of operation, |2,117 45

Receipts.

86,614 bd. ft. lumber, f 1,670 24

483 posts, 79 31

9 telephone poles, 1 1 25

476^ cords wood, 754 Qg

95,590 shingles, 430 64

47,608 plastering lath, 198 29

Miscellaneous, 35 66 |3,180 07

Net profit, • 1^1^062 62

It will be seen from the above that the operation of the mill at
Mont Alto has produced a profit to the State of |1,062.62, and in
addition has been the means of advancing improvement work much

more rapidly and satisfactorily than could otherwise have been done;
and as a result of this work the forest is now in the best condition
for the rapid and successful production of first class timber. The
timber removed in the process of improvement cutting was such as
no local lumberman would undertake to remove and manufacture;
t.nd the character of the work, because of the scattered nature of
the trees and the area from over which they had to be gathered, made
the ♦cost of operation more expensive than any lumberman would
agree to assume. Howevtr, under the operation of the State it has
been conducted at a profit both from a money point of view and from
the point of view of improvement to the woods.

Had the material comprehended in the above statement been cut by
hand with the use of axe and saw and reduced to cord wood, it would
have produced approximately 735 cords, at a cost of |928.75. At the
price at which cord wood is sold in that part of the State averaging
$1.75 per cord in the woods, and depending upon the condition and
species of the wood, it would have produced a gross return of
,^1,286.25. This would have shown a profit in operation of only
357.50. If the whole product could have been sold as cord wood
and then compared with the return of operation of the saw mill,
there is shown a loss to the State of $705.13; but a large part of
such wood cut into cord wood is not salable in that region and would
have remained on hand, gradually deteriorating, so that the loss to
the State would have been even greater than the amount stated. The
proceeds received from this operation have been paid into the State

Treasury.

In December, 1910, this mill was moved to the Caledonia Division
of the South Mountain reserve, was set up on State land, and the
operation of the mill began the latter part of January, 1911. This
operation is in charge of Kobert G. Conklin, a forester in the employ
of the Department, and a graduate of the State Forest Academy.
The operation here has not been continuous, having frequently been
intermitted as occasion demanded.

Twenty years ago when the stand of white pine and hemlock was
cut off these lands by the then owner, there were left remaining upon
t'he ground numerous trees of these species and a few others, stand-
ing in such localities that they could not be removed by the methods
of lumbering in vogue at that time and at a profit. The trees were
mature then and have been gradually declining ever since. Unless
they are removed now and as much derived from them as can be made,
the State will suffer the loss of these trees. They are scattered over a
rather wide area in swampy and on rocky places, and their inacces-
sibility made profitable lumbering of these trees impossible when the
general stand was cut twenty years ago, and of necessity makes
their lumbering at this time higher in price than if they were situate
under better conditions.

f

248 RKPORT OF THE Off. Doc

The purpose here is likewise to improve the character and condi-
tion of the woods. In so doing these old and declining trees must
be removed and the young even aged stand encouraged to come on.
A statement of the expense incurred in this pari of the operation
to April 24, 1911, is as follows:

Cutting, 1329 09

Hauling, 592 95

Sawing lumber, 300 15

Sawing lath, 137 50

General expenses (Setting mills,

covering, etc. ), 182 98

Kepairs and usable supplies, 260 88 $1,803 55

A statement of the product derived from this operation is as fol-
lows :
Finished product:

I-ath, 55^000

Cull lumber, 7,000 bd. ft.

White pine, (in. bds.), 20,631 bd. ft.

Hemlock, (bill stuff), 53,790 bd. ft.

Product cut but not hauled or sawed:

Lath (in bolts), 12,000

Lath (in logs), 45,000

White pine, 42,659 bd. ft.

Hemlock, 13^882 bd. ft.

Chestnut, 1^350 bd. ft.

Piii oak, 2,697 bd. ft.

Yellow pine, 1^228 bd. ft.

At the very low price prevailing in that region for product of the
above character, this material is worth at least P,500.00, considera-
tion being taken of the fact that additional expense must be incurred
in hauling and sawing tlie nnfinislicd pioduct and in asciertaining
the profit, this expense is not to he deducted therefrom, having been
allowed for in the calculation. The above operation, therefore, to
date shows an approximate profit in excess of $1,600.00, and in addi-
tion there is I'emoved from the forest a growth which is deteriorating
in quality, encumbering the ground, and hindering the i)roduction of
young even aged stand. Many of the trei s thus removed were dying,
some were already dead, and others W(nild soon follow.

There still remains standing on the stump about 50,000 board feet
of over-mature hemlock which should be cut to complete this opera-
tion and to improve the general condition of the woods where grow-
ing. Had the whole i)roduct been sold at a stumpage price, the best
I)ossible return which might have been derived for this material

f

No. 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. 240

would have been $716.23, calculating the stumpage price at $5.00
per thousand, and in so doing, taking into consideration the fact that
The material is widely scattered and after cutting and manufacture
there remains a haul of seven miles to the railroad. By selling at
stumpage prices the State, therefore, would have incurred the addi-
tional loss of nearly $900.00 which it made and saved for itself by
reason of the saw mill operation.

Of the above finished product at Caledonia all is on hand and
ready for sale and delivery except one bill of 7,077 bd. ft. of hemlock,
which has been sold, and for what the price paid and collected is

$141.54.

The cost of the above milling outfit was as follows:

Engine, ^^^^ ^^

Saw Mill, 29500

Shingle Mill, 240 00

LathMill, 20000

Belts and bolts, ^2 70

Saw,56in., ^^ ^^

Freight, 96«

Saw dust elevator, ^0 00

Shafting, ^^ ^'^

Emery wheel and boxing, 1^ ^^

Total cost of outfit, *1'^^1 ^^

Against the above investment there is shown profit as follows :

Mont Alto operation, *1>062 62

Caledonia operation, to date, h^^^ ^0

Total proceeds from operation of the mill,. $2,662 62
Cost of the mill, ^>^^^ ^^

Netprofit, «^'^6124

It will thus be seen that the State has gained the sum of $1,061.24
by reason of owning and operating one saw mill outfit, using material
which is unsalable in the form of cord wood, besides improving the
condition of the woods. In the short time in which the State has
owned the outfit it has more than paid for itself and this by reason of
casual operation only. Had the operation of the mill been con-
linuous it is certain that a much larger profit would have resulted.

The above excellent showing, under the circumstances, is attnbut-
able to one fact, the combination of practical business principles in
an unfavorable situation joined with the science of practical for-
estry as taught in the State Forest Academy at Mont Alto.

■#

I

250

ii:eport of the

Off. Doc.

No. 26.

In a portion of the State forest in Clearfield county there are at
least 325,000 feet of dead and dying hemlock and yellow pine, all
of which is rapidly deteriorating and will soon become a total loss.
To save some of this value to the State, the Department has entered
into a contract with Mr. Joseph Lerock to cut, skid, saw, and deliver
to Clearfield all of the material of this character found on the area
mentioned. The delivery to Clearfield involves a haul of 8 miles.
The contract provides that Mr. Lerock shall leceive $11.00 per thou-
sand feet, board measure, for hemlock, and |11.50 i)er thousand feet
for yellow pine delivered at Cli arfield, and that everything realized
above this price in the sale of the finished product will be profit to
the State. Hy reason of the price prevailing in that region for manu-
factured material of this character, a substantial profit will be made
without any outlay whatever for expense of operation. Mr. Lerock
has just started work and no sales have yet been made.

Mr. William F. Dague, a forester in the emi)loy of the Department
and a graduate of the State Forest Academy at Mont Alto, is in
charge of the southern portion of the Clearfield county reserve and
of this work.

SCHEDULE NO. 3.

Persons Employed by the Department of Forestry With Salaries Attached.

Monthly
Salary.

George H. Wlrt,

K. A. Zlegler, _ .

I. T. Wortliley,

Robt. G. Conklin, _.

W. H. Kraft, _

Wm. L. Byers, ._ _.

John E. Avery,

Lewis E. Staley, __

Paul H. Mulford, _ _.

John L. Witherow,

T. Boy Morton,

Horace C. Evans,

W. Gard. Conklln,

Tom O. Bletsch. _

Wm. F. Dague,

H. E. Bryner,

F. H. Dutlinger

John A. Bastian,

Harry E. Elliott

Geo. A. Retan

R. Lynn Emerlck

Alfred E. Rupp

John L. Stroboek

W. Eliner Houpt

Homer S, Metzger, ... .

John R. Williams,

Carl L. Kirk '.'

John W. Seltzer

Harry J. Mueller, _..^

Harry A. Thomson,

$175 00

LWOO

12r> CO

100 00

100 00

100 00

100 00

100 00

100 00

100 00

100 00

100 00

100 00

100 (A)

100 oo

100 00

100 00

75 oo

75 00

75 00

75 00

75 00

75 00

75 00

75 00

75 00

75 00

75 00

75 00

75 00

Monthly
Salary.

A. C. SIlvlus. -

Raymond B. Winter,
Walter D. Ludwig, ..
D. Kerr Warfleld, _..

John W. Keller

Alfred W. Bodine, -.
H. Lawrence Vall,
Frank D. Jerald, ._..

C. C. Miner,

Geo. W. Armstrong, .
A. L. Shoemaker, ._.

Adam Kamp

Howard P. Seese,

Hiram A. Rake,

Altamus Rake,

Edgar Wilson,

Ferdinand Frank,

Stewart Albert,

Martin Cortright

A. A. Bennett, __.

B. F. Hassler.

James E. Carbaugh.

C. B. Lerew [

Joseph O. Boggs, ._.

David Knepper,

John Bricker, I"

John Shaffer T"

Harry L. Thomas, .
F. J. Sylvester, _

S. H. LIghtner, . ..

75 00
00 00
GO OO

m 00

tiO Ot)
00 00
GO 00

ao 00

60 00
60 00
.50 00
50 oo

r)5 00

60 00
45 00
.W 00
50 00
45 00
40 Oft
,^ 00
55 00

40 no

Xi 00
.W 00
75 00

a5 oo

30 00
S!i 00

50 00
50 00

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.
SALARIES— Continued.

251

Monthly
Salary.

G. C. Deter,

J. W. Amig, .

John M. Stever,

James H. Howard,

W. H. Harpster, __ —

G. Edw. Ross, 4

Eli Stayrook,

J. H. Sparks, _

James Middleswarth,

Conrad Orth.

G. U. Pidcoe,

S. L. Mull,

R. M. Crum, _

William Wirth,

Frank Johnston,

Herman N. Hart, _ ..-

F. P. Sundy. _

L. C. Wykoff,

A. M. Wilson, _

T. L. Swartzell,

David Libby, _

Henry C. Cox, _

F. X. Drachbar, _. -

Chas. L. Braucher,

Walter L. Kauffman

Robert Reitz,

rfoseph Kissel,

D. R. Harbeson, _ - —

Leroy Koontz,

J. v. Carlin.

D. K. Meredith,

John Monsell,

J, H. Green,

M. A. Fourness,

L. T. Newman,

M. N. U. L. Brooks,

E. T. Riviere. _

George M. T-ipp, - ---

Herman A. Oppel, --

Frank A. (libboney,

Delos E. Cooper,

("has. Middleswarth,

Wm. H. Kttinger,

•Tohi Liggett,

(t. C. Spiegel, -

Thomas J. Temple,

E. N. Jenckes, _. --

Harry A. Reitz, .—

Harry H. Keil, -..

John Xelson --

Samuel H. Lebo,

Howard E. Wells,

Wm. C. Hufl, --

50 00
50 00
40 00
30 00
45 00
60 00
45 00
50 00
65 00
55 00
.50 00
50 00
60 00
50 00

45 on

50 00
50 00
45 Uu
40 00
40 OO
50 00
50 00
40 00
50 00
50 00
45 00
40 00
."jO 00
45 00
45 00
40 00
40 00
50 00
45 00
40 00
40 00
40 00
iTy 00
40 00
40 00
,50 00
40 00
.SO 00
.50 00
45 00
45 00
50 00
40 00
45 00
45 00
.SO 00
45 00
40 00

Monthly
Salary.

P. Miller, -.^-.
S. McCoy, --.
G. Taylor, _.

Snyder,

F. McKinney,
Dean, _

Fred
Wm.
Wm.
Gran
Wm.
H. J.

James Winters,

Milton Keeney,

RolKTt niompson, __

Robert Schwab,

Howard J. Boop, __.,

Harry B. Perry,

.Foseph Mauley,

G. Frank Mohler, — -

Charles Perry,

Harry L. StuU,

Charles I^onard,

Albert Reed, -_

McElwee,

Yeager.

Brown,

C. Furry,

H. Shoemaker,
CaufTman,

L. Carbaugh, ..
Harry W. Staley, .-.

Wui. Wagaman,

James Martin

Edward Carbaugh, _.

W. W. Martin,

Wilson R. Barndt, -

Wesley Hackett,

Wm. F, Schrimshaw,

C. H. Bueklus,

A. Elwyn Strode,

S. T. Moore,

Ivy M. Luft. -

Caroline T>. Leonard,
Free (Tonklln,

B. J. Gutknecht, _.-

D. C. Bittinger.

James

J. E.

Frank

Chas.

John

H. J.

John

State Forest Academy.

John C. Adams, .
William Netoffsky,
Sarah E. Conklin,
Mattie E. Heefner,

Sarah C. Hurley.
Margaret Bricker,

50 00
40 00
45 00
35 00
35 00
35 00
30 00
40 00
50 00
45 00
STy (K)
35 00
35 00
40 00
30 00
30 oO
30 00
3D 00
30 00
30 00
30 00
30 00
30 00
40 00
35 CO
35 ».
35 00
35 (kj
35 0

.^5 00

.36 00
40 00
.•ttOO
100 00
25 00

1.50 eo

50 00
25 00
40 00
4o 00
40 00

75 00

lOOOO

60 00

40 00

Per Week.

$5 00

300

f

J

252

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

253

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

Employees by Legislative Enactment.

FOREST RANGERS.
Paid from Appropriation for Forest Rangers.

Name.

Address.

Position,

Yearly
Salary.

Irvin C. Williams. ..

A. Klwyn Strode, ...
Geo. W. Ilowanl, ..

Royprsford, Montgomery Co.,

Camp ilill. ('umberland Co., ..
(•tiPiiter, Delaware Co., __

Deputy Commis-
sioner.

Clerk

Clerk, _

$2,500 00
1,.t00 no

1.500 00

FORESTERS.
Paid From Appropriation for Foresters.

Name.

Address,

George H. Wirt,

E. A. Zlegler

I. T. Worthley

Robt. G. Cooklln, ...

W. H. Kraft,

Wm. L. Byers,

John E. Avery, _

Lewis E. Staley,

Paul H. Mulford, ...
John L. Witherow, .

T. Roy Morton,

Horace C. Evans, ..
W. Gard. Conklin. .

Tom O. Bietsch,

Wra. F. Dague,

H. E. Bryner,

F. H. Dutlinger, ...
John A, Bastian. ...
Harry E. Elliott. ...

Geo. .\. Retan,

R. Lynn Emerick, ..

Alfred E. Rupp,

John L. 8trobeck. ..
W. Elmer Uoupt, ...
Homer S. Metzger, ..
.Tohn R. Williams. ..

Carl L. Kirk

John W. Seltzer, ...
Harry J. Mueller, ...
Harry A. Thomson,

A. C. Silvius,

Raymond B. Winter,
Walter D. Ludwig, .
D. Kerr Warfleld, ...

John W. Keller

Alfred W. Bodine. ..
H. Lawrence Vail, ..
Frank D. .Terald, ....
C. O. aiiner, _.

Mont Alto, Franklin Co.. i..

Mont Alto, Franklin Co.,

Mont Alto, Franklin Co

Fayettevilie. Franklin Co

Mc'Alevysfort, Huntingdon Co.,

Rainsburg, Bedford Co., ._

Aotch, Pike Co., _.

Mont Alto, Franklin Co.,

Asaph. Tioga Co., _ __.

East Waterford, Perry Co.,

Petersburg, Huntingdon Co., _

Waterville, Lycoming Co.. _

Troxelvllle, Snyder Co.,

Mont Alto, I'ranklin Co., _

Clearfield, Clearfield Co.,

New Germantown, Perry Co., _

Glen Union, Clinton Co.,

_ Loyalsock, Lycoming Co.,

Sinnemalioning, Cambria Co

fields Station. Lycoming Co.,

Cross fork, Potter Co

Ft. Loudoij, Franklin & Fulton Co.

Cresco, Monroe Co

Shippensburg, Cumberland Co.,

Loganton, Clinton Co.,

Rector, W'estmoreland Co..

Penfleld, Clearfield Co

Cobum, Centre Co.,

Hartleton, Union Co.,

Westport, Clinton Co.,

Austin. Potter Co

Mifflinburg, Union Co

Boalsburg, Centre Co

MJlroy, Mifflin Co 1"

Lloyd, Tioga Co., _.,

Newton Hamilton, MifBln Co., .

Conrad, Potter Co '.'.'„

Slate Run, Lycoming Co

Little Marsh, Tioga Oo

Forest Inspector,

r'orester —

Forester, „

lorester, _ -.

Forester, _-

Forester, __

rorester, ._

lorester.

Forester,

Forester, _.

rorester.

Forester,

xorester. .

Forester. _

lorester, _

Forester . .

j?orester, .

Forester, .

Forester, .

Forester, .

Forester, .

Forester, .

Forester, .

Forester, .

Forester. .

Forester. .

Forester. .

Forester, .

Forester, .

rorester, .

Forester, .

Forester, .

Forester, .

Forester. .

Forester. .

Forester. .

Forester. .

Forester, .

Forester. .

Monthly
Salary.

1175 00

150 00

125 00

100 00

100 00

100 00

100 0*1

100 00

100 00

100 00

100 00

100 00

100 00

lOO 00

100 00

100 00

100 00

75 00

75 00

75 00

75 00

75 00

75 00

75 00

75 00

75 00

75 00

75 00

75 00

75 00

75 00

flO 00

60 00

60 00

GO 00

m 00

flOOO

m 00

60 00

"\ J

Geo. W. Armstrong,

A. L. Shoemaker,

Adam Kaiiip.

Howard P. Secse,

Hiram A. Rake,

Altamus Rake.

Edgar Wilson

Ferdinand frank, -..

Stewart Albert,

Martin Cortright,

A. A. Bennett,

Ji. F. Hassler

James E. Carbaugh

C. B. Lerew. __ --

Jos. O. Boggs. _

David Knepper. ._

John Bricker,

John Shaffer, -- -

Harry L. Thomas

a. J. Sylvester,

S. H. Lightner, _

G. C. Deeter, __

J. W. Amig, - -

John M. Stever,

James H, Howard,

W. H. Harpster,

G. Edw. Ross.

Eli Stayrook -

J, U. Sparks. _

James Iviiddieswarth,

Conrad Orth,

G. H. Pidcoe

8. L. Mull. -

R. M. Crum.

William Wirth. —

Frank Johnston,

Herman N. Hart,

F. P. Sundy.

L. C. Wykoff,

A. M. Wilson,

T. L. Swartzell, _.

David Libby,

Henry C. Cox,

F. X. Drachbar, —

Chas. L. Brauc'her

W. L. Kauffman,

Robert Reitz.

Joseph Kissel

D. R. Harbeson, ._

Leroy Koontz, ..—

J. V. Carlin, _

D. K. Meredith

John Monsell,

J. H. Green.

M. A. Foumess,

L. T. Newman

M. N. U. L. Brooks

E. T. Riviere.

Geo. M. Lipp

Herman A. Oppel.

Frank A. Glbboney,

Delos E. Cooper

Chas. Middleswarth

Wm. H. Ettlnger,

John Liggett,

G. C. Spiegel

Thos. J. Temple

E. N. Jenckes, _..:

Harry A. Reitz,

Harry H. Kell

John Nelson _

VV^stport, Chnton Co.,

Beech Creek, Clinton Co., _

Lock HTuven. Clinton Co.,

Renovo, Clinton Co., _ -

Aotch, Piko Co., _ —

Aotch, Pike Co., _

V iinadeiisis, Monroe-Pike Co.,

Edgemere, Pike Co..

Cresco, Monroe Co.. ,_ -— -

Hunters Range, Pike Co., _.

Conrad, Potter Co., _ -

Fayettevilie, Franklin Co

Fayettevilie, Franklin Co.,

Orrtauna, No, 1, Adams Co.,

Fayettevilie, Franklin Co.,

Mont Alto, Franklin Co., -

Mont Alto, Franklin Co., ....

Mont Alto, Franklin Co

Mont Alto, Franklin Co..

Fayettevilie, No. 2, Franklin Co., .

Cottage, Huntingdon Co., _—

GraysvlUe, Huntingdon Co.,

Evendale, Juniata-Snyder Co.,

Cassville, Huntingdon Co., _ .—

McAlevysfort, Hunt. Co., No. 1, _

Charter Oak, Huntingdon Co.,

McAlevysfort, Hunt. Co., No. 1, _.

Matawanna, Mifflin Co., _„

Chaneysville, Bedford Co., _. _.

Troxelvllle, Snyder Co.,

Lykens, Dauphin Co., __ __

Barbours, Lycoming Co.,

Eliinsport. Lycoming Co.,

Sinncmahoning, Cameron Co.,

Milroy, Mifflin Co., ,.

Penfleld, Clearfield Co

New Germantown, Perry Co., ___

McCrea, Cumberland-Perry Co.,

Firstfork. Cameron Co.,

(ilen Union, Clinton Co.,

Milroy, Mifflin Co., R. D.,

Weikcrt, Union Co., __

Wellsboro, Tioga Co.. _

Orrtanna, No. 2, Adams Co., -

Hartleton, Union Co., ._

('lifton, Lackawanna Co., ._ —

Boalsburg, Centre Co., -

Sterling Run, Cameron Co.,

White Deer, Union Co i

-New Germantown, Perry Co.,

Metal, Franklin-Fulton Co

Doylesburg, Franklin Co..

Reedsville. No. 1, Mifflin Co.,

Crossfork, Potter Co.,

Coudersport, No. 6, Potter Co., |

Fields Station, Lycoming Co., j

Driftwood, Cameron-Elk Co ;

Mllford, Pike Co., \

Muncy, No. 2, Lycoming Co \

Wistie, Juniata Co., '

McAlevysfort, No. 1, Hunt. Co., .

Little Marsh, Tioga Co..

Troxelvllle, Snyder Co.,

Troxelvllle, Snyder Co

Beech Creek, Clinton Co.,

Waterville, Lycoming Co

Newton Hamilton, Mifflin Co

.\saph, Tioga Co

Metal, Franklin Co

Loganton, No. 1, Clinton Co.,

Clearfield, Clearfield Co

Forest

rorest

r orest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

r orest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

je t est

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

a orest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forest

Forwt

Ranger, .

Ranger, .

Ranger, .

Ranger, .

Ranger, .

Ranger, .

Ranger, .

Ranger, .

Ranger, .

Ranger, ,

Ranger, ,

Hanger,

Ranger,

Ranger,

lla'nger.

Ranger,

Ranger,

Ranger.

Ranger.

Ranger,

Ranger,

Ranger,

Ranger,

Ranger.

Ranger.

Ranger,

Ranger.

Ranger,

Ranger,

Ranger,

Ranger,

Ranger.

Ranger.

Ranger,

Ranger,

Ranger,

Ranger,

Ranger,

Ranger,

Ranger,

Ranger,

Ranger,

Ranger,

Ranger,

Ranger,

Ranger,

Ranger,

Ranger.

Ranger,

Ranger,

Ranger,

Ranger,

Ranger.

Ranser,

Ranger,

Ranger.

Ranger,

Ranger,

Ranger,

Ranger,

Ranger.

Ranger.

Ranger.

Ranger,

Ranger,

Ranger.

Ranger,

Ranger,

Ranger,

Ranger.

Ranger,

Monthly
Salary.

$60 00
M 00
50 00
56 00
60 00
45 00
50 00
.50 00
45 00
40 00
50 00
66 00
40 00
35 00
50 00
76 00
35 00
30 00
35 00
50 00
60 00
50 00
60 00
40 00
30 00
45 00
60 00
45 00
60 00
65 00
65 00
50 00
50 00
60 00
50 00
45 00
60 00
60 00
45 00
40 00
40 00
.50 00
50 00
40 00
50 00
50 00
45 00
40 00
50 00
45 00
45 0(1
40 00
40 00
50 00'
45 00
40 00
40 00

40 on

45 00
40 00
40 00
50 00
40 00
90 00
60 00
45 00
45 00
50 00
40 00

45 00

46 00

I

254

REPORT OF THE

Off. DOC.

i|

FOREST HANGERS— Continued.

¥•■'.'■?

Name.

Address,

Position.

Monthly
Salary.

Samuel H. Lebo, — ]

Howard E. Wells, _ i

William C. Huff. _ !

Fred P. Miller, -'

William S. McCoy,

William G. Taylor, i

Oran Snyder,

William F. McKinney <

H. J. Dean _ _|

James Winters -

Milton Keeney _._

Robert Thompson,

Robert Schwab, j

Howard J. Boop, ,

Harry B. Perry, _. _— [

Joseph Manley, }

G. Frank Moliler, 1

Charles Perry, _

Harry L. Stull, _ I

Charles Leonard, _ i

Albert Reed, — I

James McElwee, _ i

J. E. Yeager, _ _ |

Frank Brown, _ —

Charles C. Furry, _

John H. Shoemaker, ...»

J. H. Cauffman, _

John L. Carbaugh,

Harry W. Staley. _

Wm. Wagaman, ._ _

James Martin, _

Edward Carbaugh. _

W. W. Martin, __ __.

Wilson R. Barndt

Wesley Hackett,

Wm. F. Schrimshaw,

Lucullus, Lycoming Co

Bellefonte. No. 2, Centre Co., —

Keating, Clinton Co., - -—

North Bend, Clinton Co.,

Leidy, Clinton Co., __

Fayetteville, No. 1, Franklin Co., _.

Rector, Westmoreland Co.,

Spring Mills, No. 3, Centre Co.,

Milroy, No. 1, Mifflin Co —

Shippensburg, Cumberland Co.,

Crossfork, Potter Co.. _

Morris, Tioga Co., _

Cedar Run, Tioga Co.,

McAlevysfort, No. 1, Hunt, Co., _„

Fayetteville, Frankhn Co.,

Montgomery, No. 2, Lycoming Co.,

Honey Grove, Juniata-Perry Co.,

Fayetteville, Franklin Co.,

Fayetteville, Franklin Co.,

Fayetteville. Franklin Co.,

Fayetteville. Franklin Co

Fayetteville. Franklin Co

Fayetteville. Franklin Co..

Fayetteville. Franklin Co.,

Fayetteville, Franklin Co.,

Fayetteville, Franklin Co

Mont Alto, Franklin Co.,

Mont Alto, Franklin Co.,

Mont Alto, Franklin Co.,

Mont Alto, Franklin Co.,

Mont Alto, Franklin Co

Mont Alto, Franklin Co

Mont Alto, Franklin Co

Somerset, No. 3, Somerset Co.,

Austin. Potter Co., _

Clinton Co.,

Forest

Ranger, _—

30 00

Forest

Ranger. —

45 00

rorest

Ranger, ___

40 00

forest

Ranger, — _

60 00

Forest

Ranger, —

40 00

Forest

Ranger, ___

45 00

Forest

Ranger. —

35 00

Forest

Ranger. ___

35 00

Forest

Ranger. .^.

35 00

Forest

Ranger, ___

30 00

Forest

Ranger,

40 00

Forest

Ranger, _._

50 00

Forest

Ranger, ___

45 00

Forest

Ranger, ___

35 00

Forest

Ranger, ___

35 00

Forest

Ranger, _._

35 00

Forest

Ranger, ___

40 00

Forest

Ranger,

30 00

i^orest

Ranger,

30 00

Forest

Ranger, _._

30 00

Forest

Ranger,

30 00

i-orest

Ranger, _._

30 00

i'orest

Ranger, __.

30 00

Forest

Ranger, __.

30 00

Forest

Ranger, ___

1 30 00

Forest

Ranger, __.

1 30 00

Forest

Ranger., —

40 00

Forest

Ranger, ___

35 OO

Forest

Ranger, __.

35 00

Forest

Ranger, ___

36 00

Forest Ranger, _._

36 00

i^orest

Ranger, ___

.36 00

Forest

Ranger, _._

1 .•«> 00

Forest

Ranger, ___

36 00

Forest

Ranger, —

40 00

Forest

Ranger, _._

35 00

PATD FROM INCIDENTAL EXPENSES.

O. H. Buckius, _
A. Elwyn Strode.

Lancaster. T>ancaster Co., ...
Camp Hill, Cumberland Co.,

Book-keeper

Clerk to Commls.,

$100 00
25 00

DRAUGHTSMEN AND SUPPLIES.

Paid From Appropriation for DraiiRhtsraen and Snpplios.

S. T. Moore, __ Milroy, Mifflin Co Chief Draughts-

j I man.

Ivy M. Luft, _ I Middletown, Dauphin Co., __j Stenographer, —

Caroline L. Leonard, i Harrisburg, Dauphin Co., ._ , Janitress, —

$150 00

50 00
25 00

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

255

SCHEDULE NO. 4.

PENNSYFA'ANIA DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

Slate Run Division, Lycoming; county reserve, pa.v roll of F. D. J<?rald, Month of

March, 1011.

Ed EngUsh,

Austin Division, Tioga County Reserve, pay roll of A. C. Silvius, Month of

March, 1911.

M. M. McCloskey. ..-

Geo. Stuckey,

Geo. Geer,

L. W. Robbing

Wm. Tompkins.

H. L. Button

Wm. Thompkins, Jr.,

Isaac Stuckey,

Frank Vancuren,

Chas. Watkins,

Chas. Vancuren.

Bella Hackett,

Raymond Hackett, ..
F. F. Crosby, --

m

18

$3 5t

68

18

12 24

m

18

12 '.'4

25

18

4 ry^^

68

18

12 24

68

18

12 24

68

15

10 20

68

18

12 24

fiS

16

10 40

31

18

."> .58

7

18

1 2«

40

17

0 80

4F>

17

7 6.-1

17

17

2 80

Asaph Nurserv Division. Tioirn Touuty Reserve, pay roll of Paul II. Mulford,

Month of March, 1011.

J. W. Kressler.
P. M. Johnson,
Ivan Butler. -_.
E. E. Bixby, _.
B. F. Cook. --
Claude Cook, _.

2e

30
20
20
20
20

18
18
18
18
18
18

f 4 77

5 40

.*? fln

3 60

3 m

3 fiC^

Milroy Division. Mifflin County Rrserve. iiav roll

Month of March, 1011.

of D. Kerr AVarfield,

Harry Weaver,

Homer Dean,

Walter Garrity

Clay Henry

Joe D. Krickbaum,

Harry Brown,

Lloyd Smith.

Harry McXltt.

Luther Mayben, ...

.Fonas Beal

J. Harrison Faust,

76
82
fiO
48
40
40
40
iO
4:<
41
40

15

<m 2.-.

7*

G 15

123k

6 25

12;k

5 38

12^

5 00

m

5 00

m

5 00

v>h

.^ .^OO

12i

5 38

I2i

5 IP.

12i

1 S 00

I

17

JM

REPOHT OF THE

Off. Doc.

rienrfiqld Division, (Mearfifid County Reserve, Pay roll of William F. Dague,

Month of March, 1911.

Name of Employe.

Hours.

Bate.

Amount.

John Thompson,

44

10
2

15
15
15

$6 60

1 .50

30

Frank Page.

A. L. ParrLsh,

iJoalsbnrjr Division. CVntre County Reserve. Pay roll of Walter D. Ludwig,

Month of March, 1911.

Fred D. Ritz,
Wm. MoClIntic,
W. n. YounpT,

SO

15

$V 50

50

15

7 50

3i

15

53

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

2.'S7

Surveying. Penfield Division, Clearfield County ReseiTe. Pay roll of C L Kirk

Month of March, 1911. '

Name of Employe.

Days.

William M. Grove, Surveyor,

Walter Swartzell. ___
J. O. McCormick, _.
Geo. W. Woodward,
C^has. Weed,

Hours.

45
45
40
20

Rate.

Amount.

|j 00

15

20
20

$;io 00

6 75
5 62
8 00
4 00

Crossfork Division, Potter County Reserve. Pay roll of R. Lynn Emerick

Month of March, 1911.

Morris Jordan,

56

15

$8 25

fl

Mont Alto Nursery Division. Frnnklin Coimtv Resprvo. l»av roll of E A Zieirler

AFonth of March, 1911. . • ,

(ieor^e Patterson,
A. .T. CaufFman,
Mfntred Monn, ..
Thomas Smith, _,

27

14 !

$3 78

5

U 1

70

5

^1

40

6

«'

90

Wostport Division. Clinton County Reserve. Pav roll of Harrv A. Thomson

Month of March, 1911.

Edw. Srhnars.
I'orter Stuart.

85
43

m

17i

!«14 SS
7 .53

•Afont Alto Division. South Afountain Reserve. Pay roll of Lewis E Staley

Month of .Afarch, 1911.

W. n. Wyle

T evi Carhaueh. ..
.Tames rarbaugh,
>f orris Martin, ...
Wm. KautTman, .
Archie Watraman.

Tovl Martin

Eranklin Mentzer,
Philip Nauele. _..
Goo. Patterson, .

89

m

m

70^
118
«)»
18
94
7(^,

14
15
15
14
15
14
15
14
15
14

n2 46

9 Uy
10 .^5

9 87
17 70

f> 7.*?

2 70
13 10
10 .'58

5 01

Fort T.oudi.n Division, Fulton-Frnnklin Count Reserve. Pay roll of Alfred E' Rupp

Month of Mnrch, 1911.

J. J. GallaRher,
Wm. Gallagher,
Wm. Heath, ...
L. H. Cook. ..
.1. C. Heath. ..
Lewis Helfriek,

35

15 1

$5 25

39

15

5 85

44

15

660

.'«

15

5 70

:»

15

6 70

44J

M

6 68

17—26—1911

258

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(26t)

OFFICIAL DOCUMENT.

No. 26.

INDEX

A.

Page.

Adams County, .j^

Amsler, Col. C. W., ^Q^^

Angst, E. R., J3Q

Asaph Nursery ] 07 l '>'^

Austin District, survey of, o-

' '• Ot>

Auxiliary Forest Reserves, 34

B..

Bald Eagle ^Mountain Lands, survey of, 35

Bear Meadows, l.:,4,155

Bear Valley Lands, survey of 35 o^j

Beckman, A. W j jm

Birkinbine, Hon. .John, 209

Bortree, Mrs. Irene, 59^

Brown, .LP v>-»

Buchanan, James *. 37

Buffalo and Susquehanna Railway Company, 2(>

C.

Cameron County Reserve, jgo

Camping Permits ;.()

Caprio & Grieco 2I)

Catalpa, experiment in Western ] 25

Centre County, 3^

Chambersburg Water Lease 28

Chapman Township, Clinton County, 3^

Charges on State Land, Roads and Schools 2 19

Recapitulation 22.^»

Chestnut Blight, Ardmore Investigation, . . . : 42

Commission 45

Chronology of an old Oak 49

Clearfield County Reserve, 36 1 58

Clinton County, survey of, 35 36

Collier and Whitmer Lands jgj

Collins, J. Franklin 4^ ^ yr^

Colonial Iron Company, ' jgy

Commission, Reservation, 5

Communities, Forestry, ^j

Conklin, Hon. Robert S., Letter of Transmittal, 7

Report of, 9

( 269 )

270 INDEX. Off. Doc.

Page.

Corbin, C. G. Lands 1 60

Cross Fork Distri^'t, survey of, 35

Culbertson Lands, 161

Cumberland County, 36

D.

Dam at Promised Land Pond, rebuilding of, 41

Dean, H. J., 37

Donohoe Coke Company 178

Draughting, Division of, 35,254

Drinker, Dr. Henry S., 21,22

DuPont Powder Company, 129

Dynamite Experiments, ] 29

Clinton County, Glen Union, 1 30

Lycoming County, Fields Station ]30

Mont Alto Reserve ] 30

Pike County 131

Stone Reserve, 130

Stuart Reserve, 130

E.

East Waterford District, survey of, 35

Echo Lake Planting 1 65

Educational Efforts 47

Elk County, 3g

Elliott, Hon S. B., 15^

Ellsworth Collieries Company, 176

Examinations and Inspections by Dr. J. T. Rothrock, 150

Barree Division, Huntingdon County, ]52

Boalsburg, j 54

Greenwood, 153

Milroy Division 254 i5(j

Pennypacker Reserve 150

Rothrock Reserve 151

Snyder County, 15g

Exhibit, Forestry. 36,37.47,51

Experiment in Western Catalpa 125

P.

Fall Brook Coal Company I63

Federal Refractories Company, 24,26,27 174 175

Financial Statement of Department 92

^ires 264

Fires on State Lands 18

Prosecutions against, 23

Kelly, J. J., case of 23

New York Central and Hudson River Railroad, case of, 23

Moyer, Joe, case of, 23

No. 26.

INDEX.

271

Page.
Flynn, Hon. John, 225

Forest Academy, 11,12,14,16,21,22,157,192,249

Curriculum revised, 1911, 2O8

Graduating Exercises, 1910, 196

Graduating Exercises, 1911 209

Report of Director, 1910 1 94

Report of Director, 1911 205

Forest and Foresters, Mission of, in U. S., 210

Foresters, n 252

Avery, John E., n

Bastian, John A., 12,34

Bietsch, Tom O., 12.35,36,37

Bodine, Alfred \V., 13,35,196

Brock, Ralph E., n

Bryner, H. E., j 2,35

Byers, William L., 11,34

Conklin. Robert G., 11,247

Conklin, W. Gardiner, 12,35,36

Dague, William F 12,250

Dutlinger, F. H 12,35.36

Elliott, Harry E., 12,36

Eraerick, R. Lynn, 1 2,34

Evans. H. C 12,34

Fox, P. Hartman 14,37,209

Heintzleman, B. F., 1 1

Houpt, W. Elmer 3 2.36

Illick. Joseph S., j 4

Jerald. Frank D 13.35,196

Keller, John W. 13.196

Kirk. Carl I^.. j 2

Kraft, William H 11,167,174

Ludwig, Walter I) 13,167,196,197

McNaughton, Nelson R., 14,209

McNeal, James E.. 11.35.36.37,48,49,51,52,118,132

MacAvoy, John L 14,209

Metzger, Homer S., 1 3,37

Miner, C. C 13.196

Morton. T. Roy ] 2,74

Mulford. Paul H 12,137

Mumma, W^alter :M., 14,209

Mueller, Harry J. 13,36,1 1 8

Retan, George A 13

Rupp, Alfred E 13.35.36

Seltzer. John W., ] 3,36

Staley, Lewis E., 11,157,246

Silvius. A. C 12.14.23,35

Smith, Edgar H 13,37,48,209

Strobeck, John L 13

Thomson, Harry A., 13

Vail, H. Lawrence, 13,117,196

Vorse. A. 0 13,14

Warfield, D. Kerr. 13,37,156,167,196,1 97

18

272 INDEX. Off. Doc.

Page.

Wells, Arthur B 14 209

Williams, John R.. 13,34,35,36,37

Winter, Raj^mond B,, ^^ 29^

Wirt, George H., 11,12,14,42,184,197,198

Witherow, John L., 12 35

Worthley, I. T., 14

Ziegler, E. A 12,14,157,194,205,209

Forester's Relation to His Work and to the State, 197

Forest Houses, erection of, 37

Forest Inspector, report of, I57

Foiest Reserves, area of 2q

Forest Reserves, auxiliary, 24

Forest Reserves, revenues from, 7 25

Forestry Communities, ( \rj

Forestry Exhibit, .*.....*'..'.'.".".'. V. 36,37,47,51

Franklin County, survey of, 35

Fulton, Hon. John,

Address to Forest Academy Graduates 202

Fulton County, 3/.

G.

Game Preserves 01

Gibboney, Frank A 1^5 -jgy

Grays Run District, survey of '35

H.

Harris and Gray Lands jg^

Highland Coal Company 15^

House Resolution, 22''

Land Purchases, 228

Saw Mill and Improvement Operations 246

Persons Employed by Department, and Salaries, 250

Huntingdon County Re.serve 36 174

J.

Juniata County, survey of oc

K.

Kiel, Harry H., 2^

L.

Lackawanna County 05

Land Grant Applications, ^g

Land Purchases, q 220

Lands Referred to Title Examiner, ' ^j

Leases, «-

Buffalo and Susquehanna Railway Company 26

Chambersburg, 2g

>^'0- 26. ' INDEX. 273

Page.

Federal Refractories Company, 24 27

Pennsylvania Lime and Stone Company 28

South Renovo, 27

Ivegal Affairs, 22

Reed, G. W., case of, 23

Gee, A. C, case of, 23

Leetonia Railway Company, case of, 23

Botteiger, W. H., case of, 23

Walker, H. E. and Brother, case of, 23

Lehigh University Scholarships, 2I

Lehman, J. E. and Son, ; i^g

Leidy Township, Clinton County, 35

Loss from Forest Fires, 264

Lycoming County, survey of 35^35

M.

Main Line Citizens' Association, 42

Maps, new system of 36,37

McElhattan Reserve Planting, leg

Metcalf, Dr. Haven 45

Mickleborough, Dr. John, 42

Mission of Forest and Forester in U. S., 2IO

Moore. S. T., 3.').36,1 61,167

Monroe County Reserve, i62

Moravian Congregation, 1 67

Municipal Forests, 19

Municipal Forests, San Diego, California, 20

N.

Nurseries, jq^

Asaph, 107,122

Greenwood, m

Mont Alto, 100

Nurseries, experimental, 115

Nurseries, exi>erimental, summary of 121

O.

Ohio Whatershed, report on, 184

P.

Peale, Rembrandt, lands of, 159

Pencoyd Iron Works 177

Pennsylvania Fire Brick Company, 29

Pennsylvania Chautauqua Grounds 179

Pennsylvania Lime and Stone Company, 28

Perry County, survey of 35,36

Pike County Reserve, 36,41,177

Pike Run Country Club, 173

Pittsburgh Exhibit, report of 36,47

18—20—1911

274

INDEX.

Off. Doc.

Page.
Planting at Foxbui g, ^ 49

Planting, Private, 2 42

Plant Pathology, U. S. Bureau of, 4(j

Pocono Lake Preserve I g4

Potter County, survey of, or 'j«

«J«/,«>0

Private Planting, Department Seedlings, 142

1910— JNIont Alto Nursery, ' 143

Asaph Nursery ^ 44

Greenwood Nursery, j 45

1911— Mont Alto Nursery, ' " ' ^45

Asaph Nursery, ] 4g

Greenwood Nursery, 147

Caledonia Nursery, ^^^

Summary of ^40

Promised Land Pond Dam ^^

11.

Rangers, 14,15,253

Rangers, distribution of, ' ' ^r^

Rangers, instruction of, ^j^j

Reading Board of Trade, ] g j

Reservation Commission k

o

Reserve Improvements, y^

Avery, Pike County Reserve, 71,81,137

Bastian, Lycoming County Reserve, 71,8L139

Bodine, Rothrock Reserve, 72 81 139

Bryner, Pennypacker Reserve, 72 81,131,133,135,136,138

Byers, Bedford County Reserve 73,82,132,135,l:':6,140

Conklin, Robert G., Caledonia Reserve 73,82,132,135

Conklin, W. G., Snyder County Reserve, ' ' 74^32

Dague, Clearfield County Reserve 74'glj

Dutlinger. Clinton County Reserve 74^83 -[02

Elliott, Cameron County Reserve, 74,83,133,136,1 38

Emerick. Potter County Reserve 74,83,132,134,138

Evans, H. C. Lycoming County Reserve 75.84,132,134,136,138

Doupt, Cumberland County Reserve, 75,84,1 351 38

Jerald, Lycoming County Reserve 75 84

Keller, Tioga County Reserve 75,84,1 36,138

Kirk, Clearfield County Reserve 76,84,1 37,1 38,1 39

Kraft, Greenwood Reserve, 76132 135

Ludwig, Centre County Reserve, 76,84,137^38,140

McNaughton, CI en r field County Reserve, '. . .' ' 8,5

Metzger. Clinton-Union Reserve, 76,85,1 37,1 40

Miner, Tioga County Reserve, 76!85!l 371 38

Morton, Barree Division, Huntington County Reserve 77,85!l 32^40

Mueller, Union County Reserve ' . . .77,86,1 32J 38!] 40

Mulford. Stone Reserve, 77,133,134,1 37,1 39

Mumma, Clinton County Reserve gg

Retan, Greenwood Reserve, 77 86 1 34 1 40

Rupp, Centre County Reserve, '771331 35

Rupp, Franklin-Fulton Reserve 87,1 37^1 39141

Seltzer, Centre County Reserve, 78.87!l33!l37!l40

i

I

No. 26.

INDEX.

275

Page.

Silvius, Potter County Reserve, 78,87,133,134,139

Staley, Mont Alto Reserve. 79,87,133,137

Strobeck, Monroe-Pike Reserve, 79,87,133,134,141

Thomson, Hopkins Reserve 79,88,133,137,139

Vail, Potter County Reserve, 79,88,141

Warfield, Mifflin County Reserve, 80,88,1 37,140

Wells, Lycoming County Reserve, 89,139

Williams, J. R., Stuart Reserve, 80,89,134,140

Winter, Union County Reserve, 80,90,140

Wltherow, Franklin-Fulton Reserve, 80

Witherow, McClure Reserve, 90

Wells, H. E., Centre County Reserve, 90

Reserve Planting

1910--Mont Alto Nursery 131

Asaph Nursery 133

Greenwood Nursery, 135

Summary, 135

1911— Mont Alto Nursery, 136

Asaph Nursery, 137

Greenwood Nursery, 139

Experimental Nurseries, 140

Summary, 141

Planting Cost per acre, 142

Area Planted, 142

Summary to date, 150

Resolution, H. of R., Response to, 225

Rights of way, 29

Caprio & Grieco, 29

Pennsylvania Fire Brick Company, 29

Tide Water Pipe Company, 30

Vincent Lumber Company, 29

Roads, Trails and Fire Lanes, summary, 91

Ross, G. Edward 167

Rothrock Reserve, 35,160

Rothrock, Dr. J. T., 150,158,165,197,204

S.

San Diego, Cal., municipal forest of, 20

Schiedt, Dr. Richard Conrad, address at Forest Academy, 209

Schuylkill-Dauphin Traction Company 158

Seed collected by foresters, 115

Seed sown on reserves 114

Sherman's Valley District, survey of, 36

Slate Run District, survey of, 35

Small, Samuel, Jr., 165

Snyder, L. H., 162

South Renovo Water Lease, 27,28

Subsoil Blasting 129

Sullivan County, 36

Survey Markers, 35

Surveyors,

^.-*w

27fi

Moore, S. T.,

Andrews, L. F.,

Cunard, George W.,

Devereaux, W. J.,

Eckel, J. D.,

Green, E. H,,

Grove, William M.,

Lake, Jonas,

Palm, Captain G. C,

Patterson, Frank B., . . . .

Pittman, Lewis,

Wet'/el, Charles L.,

Surveys, division of,

Austin District

Bald Eagle Mountain LandS;

Bear Valley Lands,

, Clinton County,

Cross Fork District,

East Waterford District, . .

Franklin County,

Grays Run District,

Juniata County,

Lycoining County, .... . .

Perry County,

Potter County,

Sherman's Valley District, .

Slate Run District,

Waterville District,

Whetham Reserve,

INDEX.

Off. Doc.

Page.

35,36

34,35
35
34
36
34
84
36
36
36
34
34

34,35
35
36
33
36
35
36
36
35
36
35
36
36
35
35
35
35

No. 26. INDEX. 277

Page.
U.

Union County Reserve, i^g2 164

V.

Vincent Lumber Company, 29

W.

Water Leases, South Renovo, 27

Water Leases, Chambersburg, 28

Water Supply, 20,21

Waterville District, survey of, 35

Weimer, E. A., 177

Wheeler and Dusenbury Lands, 179

Whetham Reserve, survey of, 35

Will Tract George, Timber Estimate, 166

Williams, I. C, 42,160,161, 17r>,176,195,199

Wirth, William, 157

Y.

Yale Forest Camp, 175

T.

Taxation ]

Tide Water Pipe Company

Timber Cut,

Timber Cutting, illegal,

1 ippery, Samuel j

Topographic Forestal Descriptions of Reserves

Bastian, Lycoming County Reserve, Loyalsock Division

Bodine, Rothrock Reserve

Kraft, Greenwood Reserve

Ludwig, Centre County Reserve, Boalsburg Division,
McNaughton, Clearfield County Reserve, Karthaus Division,

Metzger, Clinton-Union Reserve, Eastville Division '

Miner, Stone Reserve, Chatham Division

Thomson, Hopkins Reserve, Renovo Division,

Wells, Lycoming County Reserve, Grays Run Division,

Winter, Union County Reserve, Eastern Division,

Witherow, McClure Reserve

Trout Fry

Tuscarora Mountain Lands,

Tussey Mountain Lands

24

30

258

22,23

49,160

54

62

65

54

59

66

67

57

56

68

55

69

32

37

36

I

END OF YEAR

>

/

/

Author: Pennsylvania Department of Forestry

Title: Report of the Department of Forestry of the State of
Pennsylvania for the years ...,1912-1913

Place of Publication: Harrisburg, Pa.

Copyright Date: 1914

Master Negative Storage Number: MNS# PSt SNPaAg071 .2

<2084675> * Form:serial 2 InputHHS Edit:FMD

008 ENT: 980409 TYP: d DT1: 1913 DT2: 1921 FRE: g LAN: eng

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037 PSt SNPaAg071 .2-072.2 $bPreservation Office, The Pennsylvania State

University, Pattee Library, University Park, PA 16802-1805
090 19 634.908 $bP3 $l+(date) $cax $s+U1912/13-U1920/21
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090 20 Microfilm D344 reel 71.2-72.2 $l+(date) $cmc+(service copy, print

master, archival master) $s+U1 91 2/1 3-U 1920/21
110 1 Pennsylvania. $bDept. of Forestry.

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FILMED WHOLE OR IN
PART FROM A COPY
BORROWED FROM:

University of Michigan

Commonwealth of Pennsylvania

REPORT

OF THE

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

OF THE

STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA

FOR THE

MIRA LLOYD DOCK,
Member of tho State Forestry Reserv.itiou Commission from July

25, 1901, to Oetolder 10, 1913.

YEARS 1912-1913

HARRISBURG, PA.:

WM. STANLEY RAY. STATE PRINTER

1915

OFFICIAL DOCUMENT,

No. 26.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

X

List of Illustrations ,

Official List , Department of Forestry ,

Letter of Transmittal to the Governor ,

Report of the Commissioner of Forestry

Pennsylvania State Foresters ,

Pennsylvania Forest Rangers ,

Forest Fires

Supplement to Fire Warden Act,

Supplement to IXpartment Act ,

Private Forest Fire Protective Associations

Forest Taxation

Auxiliary Forest Reserve Acts ,

Municipal Forests ,

Forest Examinations and Reports

Foresters' Living Conditions ,

Report of Forest Inspector ,

General Rules for Cutting Timber

Table of Roads and Trails ,

Seeds for Forest and Nursery Planting,

State Forest Nurseries

State Forest Planting

Private Planting

Topographic and Stock Survey

Nursery Investigation ,

Timber Sales

Surveys ,

Land Grant Applications

Fixed Charges on State Land

Rights of Way

Permanent Camp Leases and Temporary Camping Permits,
Outing and Recreation Resolution ,

George W. Childs Park ,

Mira Lloyd Dock ,

Legal Affairs

Department Leases ,

Geological and Topographic Reports on State Forests, ...

Dynamite Experiment

Chestnut Blight

Department Educational Efforts ,

Report on Pittsburgh Exhibit

Pymatuning Swamp Survey •

Financial Statement

(1)

282948

Page.
3
5
7
9

11

14

15

19

20

21

23

24

29

30

40

41

63

64

64

66

86

100

106

120

129

132

135

137

143

146

152

153

155

156

158

166

167

167

168

170

175

185

REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENT OP FORESTRY. Off. Doc.

State Forest Administration

State Forest Academy ,

Tabulated Statement, Loss from Forest Fires, 1912,

Tabulated Statement, Timber Cut in Pennsylvania, 1912,

Tabulated Statement, Timber Cut in Pennsylvania, 1913,

Tabulated Statement, Loss from Forest Fires, 1913

Page.
190
468
476
478
482
486

OFFICIAL DOCUMENT,

No. 26

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Page.

FRONTISPIECE. Mira Lloyd Dock, Member of the State Forestry
Reservation Commission from July 25, 1901, to October 10.
1913.
PLATE I. Mont Alto Nursery. Conifers. Principally White Pine.

August 14 , 1913

PLATE II. Asaph Nursery. Honey Locust. September 23, 1913,
PLATE III. Mont Alto Nursery. This Bed was not Treated with

Charcoal Braize

PLATE IV. Mont Alto Nursery. This Bed was Treated with Char-
coal Braize ,

PLATE V. No. 1. View of Exhibit at Pittsburgh Exposition

PLATE VI. No. 2. View of Exhibit at Pittsburgh Exposition

PLATE VII. No. 4. View Showing Location of Erosion Model ,

No. 3. Erosion Model ,

PLATE Vin. Plan for Seed Jar Table and Packing Case,

PLATE IX. The Industrial Establishments at Crossfork. Potter
County, upon which the Continued Existence of the Town De-
pended, 1907

PLATE X. Elk Lick Plpntation of White Pine. Planted Spring of
1910. Average height at end of 1913 growing season, about

3 feet. 6 inches. Crossfork Division, Kettle Creek Forest

PLATE XI. First Tunnel South of Coburn, Pa., on the L. & T.
R. R. in the Seven Mountains. The heavy grade increases fire

danger , due to sparks from locomotives

PLATE Xn. Natural Regeneration of Pitch Pine, Pump Station,
Lycoming County, September 24, 1913.

White Pine Injured by Frost on June 9. 1913. Crook
in Stem and Branch is the Result. Potter County. Septem-
ber 24 , 1913

68
69

124

125
170

171

172
172

173

272

273

358

369

.Si4>s:8£:

(8)

rr^

OFFICIAL DOCUMENT

Nb. 26

PENNSYLVANIA
DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

OFFICIAL LIST.

THE STATE FORESTRY RESERVATION COMMISSION.

Robert S. Conklin, President, Columbia, Lancaster county.
Dr. J. T. Rothrock, Secretary, West Chester, Chester county.
Miss Mira L. Dock,* Harrisburg, Dauphin county.
S. B. Elliott, Reynoldsville, Jefferson county.
J. Linn Harris, Belief onte. Centre county.
Frank L. Harvey, § Foxburg, Clarion county.

OFFICE OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FORESTRY.

Commissioner of Forestry, Robert S. Conklin, Columbia, Lancaster county.

Deputy Commissioner of Forestry, Irvin C. Williams, Esq., Royersford, Mont-
gomery county.

Clerk, A. Elwyn Strode, West Chester, Chester county.

Clerk, George W. Howard, Chester, Delaware county.

*roniml-<slon expired .Tuly 25, 1913, and dpollned reappointment.

{Appointed October 10, 1913, to fill the vacancy caused by tlie retirement of Miss Docli.

(4)

(5)

OFFICIAL DOCUMENT,

No. 26.

LETTER OF TRAINSMITTAL.

HON. eTOHN K. TENER, Governor:

Sir: I have the honor to present herewith the report of the
Department of Forestry covering the years 1912 and 1913. I wish
particularly to draw your attention to the financiar report showing
the returns from the State Forests as indicating that these lands
now held by the State are a great investment and will respond
iL the future with revenue of greater or less amount as they are per-
mitted to be developed in the present.

I am, indeed,

Most respectfully yours,

ROBERT S. CONKLIN,
Commissioner of Forestry.

Harrisburg, Pa., December 31, 1913.

f6)

(7)

"^

i

(8)

OFFICIAL DOCUMENT,

No. 26.

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FORESTRY FOR THE

YEARS 1912-1913.

On January 1, 1912, the area of the State forests was 966,229
acres, 57.85 perches. There was a loss of 66 acres, 65.99 perches
incurred by reason of defective tax titles. During the year 1912
an addition of 16,023 acres, 51 perches was made to this holding,
and 11,776 acres, 72 perches were added during the year 1913, thus
bringing the area of the State forests on January 1, 1914, to 994,029
acres, 20.85 perches.

No new State forests were created during the period covered by
this report. All purchases were additions to existing forests. The
State lands are located in the following counties : Adams, Bedford,
Cameron, Centre, Clearfield, Clinton, Cumberland, Dauphin, Elk,
Franklin, Fulton, Huntingdon, Juniata, Lackawanna, Lycoming, Mif-
flin, Monroe, Perry, Pike, Potter, Snyder, Somerset, Tioga, Union,
Westmoreland, and Wyoming.

A detailed statement of the purchases covering the years 1912 and
1913, follows:

1912.
Grantor.

County.

09

<

u

Central Penna. Lumber Co

Ella A. Montgomery

E. R. Young

Exrs. Est. Wm. McMurtry, Deed., & Frances

McMurtry

Thomas R. Harter

F. B. Watrous

Tide Water Pipe Line Co

Frank L. Oppel

D. W. Smltligall

Lizzie A. Fetterolf & J. M. Mattern. Guardian,

Central Penna. Lumber Co

David ShealTer & Mamie Florence Burkett,

Tioga

Lackawanna,
Tioga

•Tonnle Carson

Emma B. Childs

Margaret A. Jordan

Annie Clinton

Lutlier L. Weaver

•Tames C. Qulggle.

Tliomas B. Allen & Edmund B. Tnton

Aslier D. Updegraff & Chas. Bartles

(loorge- Louis Dormoy

Ivan E. Butler

Ernest O. & Julia B. Blackwell

David Llbby

C. LaRue A Robt. H. Munson, Mineral Reserve

on 5.7FV1 acres, 17 perches @ 2f>c per acre,

South Mountain Mining & Iron Co.,

A. A. Bennett

Wm. J. Wlest, Trustee

Total,

Lackawanna,

Clinton

liycoming,

liVcoming

Huntingdon,

Lycoming

Snyder

Lycoming

Perry

Perry

TiVcoming,

Pike

Clinton-Potter,

Potter

Centre

Clinton

Clinton

Lv coming, . . . .

Monroe

Tioga

Tioga

Union

Clinton

Adams-Cumberland,

Potter

Union,

1.831

92

106

1.22S

1,159

1,088

60

169

577

97

330

59

7

75

51

50

5(1

32'

56

800

36^

1

27
108
111

6.99?

41

411

16,023

112

56

7

70

"86
123
146

68

13
140

106
"5

144

51

a
0

o
H

(9)

$4,579 26
345 00
186 60

2,660 69
2.897 61
2.838 74

"*423'88
1.156 64
293 74
742 50
193 13
36 00
150 IS

6250

126 00

64 U

140 00

1.200 00

865 40

7 69

83 08

180 25

222 06

1,437 78

27.975 60

102 60

1,836 75

9A.782 36

Ttr.

10

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

U

I
III

1913.
Grantor.

County.

Acres.

Total amount.

KaKt Penn Lumber Coinnany

Monroe,

1
219

973

554

48

1,485
826
332

7,124
106
102

159
40

26
148
120
134

98
102

24

24
157

J. U. & li. A. Kress

Lycoming

1328 88

2,189 62
2,219 70

Win. P. Mitchell. Agent. Lackawanna Lumber
Co

Clinton

Maude L. Gifford V.'.V,',

Huntinerdon

Maude L. Gifford

Huntingdon

South Mountain Mining & Iron Company

Adams

Cumberland

9.249 80

South Mountain Mining & Iron Company

Adams

Cumberland

29.827 15
424 60
257 45

Soutli Mountain Mining & Iron Company. . ..

Cumberland,

Wm. Wnitmer & Sons Co.. ,. ^.

Union

Total

11,776

72

444.497 20

From the above tables it will be seen that during the period
(overed by this report 27,799 acres and 123 perches were added to
the State's holdinjj^s bringing the aggregate to date to 994,-
029 acres, 20.Sr) perches At i)resent there are under contract
for ])urchase 8,000 acies, an area which is practically certain to be
ac(iniied, and when conveyed will increase the State's holdings to
more than a million acres of land. The million acre mark, therefore,
has pi actically been reached. A fair question arises respecting future
purchases. Is theie sufficient land in hand to work out Pennsyl-
vania's forest problems or is the present area insufficient?

When it is consideied that one-third of the surface of the Com-
nionwealth is land of such character that it is suitable only for grow-
ing trees and that this means an area of something over eight million
acres, it will be seen that tJie Commonwealth at this time is in
practical possession of about one-eighth of the permanently forested
area of the State, lying in twenty-six counties only. Forest holdings
should be acquired in at least twenty-two additional counties. The
following counties are possessed of large areas of land well adapted
for State fon^.st purposes : Warren, McKean, Forest, Venango Jef-
ferson, Indiana, Cambria, Blair, Fayette, York, Lebanon, Berks, Le-
high, Schuylkill, Northumberland, Columbia, Carbon, Wayne Brad-
foid, Susquehanna, Luzerne, and Sullivan. It will thus be se^n that
a proper distribution of State forests will involve the purchase of
considerable areas in the twenty-two counties named, and these
might well represent the holding of another million acres. Indeed
It IS not too much to say that the best interests of the Commonwealth
would be met and subserved if the forest holdings of the State under
intensive State management could be trebled. Purchases should be
made while the land may be had at a reasonable price

THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE FORESTERS.

On September 1, 1912, six new foresters were assigned to definite
stations, and on September 1, 1913, eleven additional foresters re-
ceived their appointments. These young men comprised the classes
of 1912 and 1913 from the Forest Academy, having completed their
three years' course. Under the terms of their contract with the De-
partment, three years' additional service is required of them. The
place and date of their assignments by the Commissioner of Forestry,
are as follows :

W. B. Evans, Sinnemahoning Poorest, Sizerville Division, headquar-
ters at Sizerville. September 1, 1912.

Joseph R. Hogentogler, McElhattan Forest, headquarters at Rose-
crans. September 1, 1912.

Charles R. Meek, Seven Mountain Forest, Poe Division; head
quarters at Spring Mills. September 1, 1912. Transferred to the
Coburn Division of this Forest, with headquarters at Coburn, March
1, 1913.

Maurice Mustin, South Mountain Forest, Caledonia Division; head-
quarters at Fayetteville. September 1, 1912. Transferred to Di-
vision of Surveys, Harrisburg, January 1, 1913.

J. B. Ryon, Whetham Forest, headquarters at Glen Union. Septem-
ber 1, 1912.

(xeorge W. Sheeler, Hopkins Forest, Snow Shoe Division, headquar-
ters at Snow Shoe, September 1, 1912.

N. B. Funk, Hopkins Forest, Keating Division, with headquarters
at Westport. September 1, 1912. Transferred to Crossfork Division
of the Kettle Creek Forest as assistant forester, April 1, 1913. Re-
signed October 1, 1913.

James A. Irvin, Sinnemahoning Forest, Medix Division, with head-
quarters at Medix Run. September 1, 1912. Resigned October 1,
1913.

Milton O. Robinson, Minisink Forest, Promised Land Division, with
headquarters at Canadensis. September 1, 1912. Resigned October
1, 1913.

Horace F. Critchley, Minisink Forest, Hunters Range Division,
headquarters at East Stroudsburg. September 1, 1913.

V. M. Beaier, Stuart Forest, headquarters, at Ligonier, Septem-
ber 1, 1913.

12

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

I

Jesse M. Houtz, Nittany Forest; headquarters at Belief onte R
D. No. 3. September 1, 1913. '

W. Erdman Montgomery, Seven Mountain Forest, Poe Division
headquarters at Spring Mills, R. D. No. 3. September 1, 1913

Max E. Miiller, Kettle Creek State Forest, Leidy Division, head-
quarters at Hammersleyfork. September 1, 1913.

Robert R. Neefe, Black Forest; headquarters at Slate Run Sep-
tember 1, 1913.

George S. Perry, Sinnemahoning Forest, Hull Division; head-
quarters at Conrad. September 1, 1913.

Charles E. Zerby, Sinnemahoning Forest, Medix Division; head-
quarters at Medix Run. September 1, 1913.

B. Bryson McCool, South Mountain Forest, Caledonia Division ^
headquarters at Fayetteville. September 1, 1913. '

John R. Elder, Seven Mountain Forest, Jacks Mountain Division •
.headquarters at Troxelville. September 1, 1913.

Thomas H. Golden, Kettle Creek Forest, Crossfork Division- head-
quarters at Crossfork. September 1, 1913. '

Changes in locations of foresters appointed previous to 1912 :

Tom O. Bietsch, transferred from the Mont Alto Nursery to the
Greenwood Nursery, September 1, 1912; headquarters McAlevysfort
Huntingdon county, R. D. No. 1. '

W. Gardiner Conklin, transferred from Seven Mountain Forest
Jacks Mountain Division, to Harrisburg, January 1, 1913. '

Forrest H. Dutlinger, transferred from Whetham Forest to Hop-
kins Forest, Renovo Division, April 1, 1912; headquarters Westport.

A. C. Silvius, transferred from Sinnemahoning Forest Austin Di-
vision, to White Deer Forest, Buffalo Division, April l,'l912- head-
quarters Laurelton.

W. Elmer Houpt, transferred from South Mountain Forest, Cum-
berland Division, to Trough Creek Forest, July 23, 1912- head-
quarters Aitch. '

Harry J. Mueller, transferred from White Deer Forest Buffalo
Division to Nittany Forest, April 1, 1912; headquarters Bellefonte,
R. D. Resigned October 1, 1913.

George A. Retan, transferred from tlie (Jreenwood Nursery in Hunt-
ingdon county, to the Mont Alto Nursery in Franklin countv Sep-
tember 1, 1912. ^' *

John W. Seltzer, Coburn, Centre county, leave of absence for two
years from February 28, 1913.

^ Harry A. Thomson, transferred from Hopkins Forest, Renovo Di-
vision to Black Forest, April 1, 1912; headquarters Slate Run. Re-
signed October 1, 1913.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF IX)RESTRY.

13

John R. Williams, transferred from Stuart Forest to South Moun-
tain Forest, Pine Grove Division, April 1, 1913; headquarters Pine
Grove Furnace.

Clement C. Miner, Middlebury Centre, Tioga county. Resigned Oc-
tober 1, 1913.

H. Lawrence Vail, Conrad, Potter County. Resigned October 1
1913.

P. Hartman Fox, transferred from Division of Surveys, Harrisburg,
to Sinnemahoning Forest, Austin Division, April 1, 1912; head-
quarters Austin.

John L. MacAvoy, transferred from the Pennypacker Forest to
the Kettle Creek Forest, Leidy Divii^ion, April 1, 1912, with head-
quarters at Hammersleyfork ; transferred to the Stuart Forest March
1, 1913, with headquarters at Ligonier. Resigned October 1, 1913.

Walter M. Mumma, transferred from the Kettle Creek Forest, Leidy
Division, to the Whetham Forest, April 1, 1912, with headquarters
at Glen Union ; transferred from the Whetham Forest to the Young
Woman's Creek Forest, September 14, 1912, with headquarters at
North Bend.

Edgar H. Smith, transferred from the Division of Surveys to the
Bald Eagle Forest, April 1, 1912, with headquarters at Elimsport.

James E. McNeal, reinstated March 1, 1912, and assigned to the
Division of Surveys.

J. T. Worthley, instructor at the State Forest Academy, resigned
August 31, 1912.

14

REPORT OF THE

Oflf. Doc.

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No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

16

RANGERS WHO WERE APPOINTED PREVIOUS TO 1912 AND 19ia BUT
WHO RESIGNED OR DIED DURING THAT PERIOD.

Forest.

••••••••4

••••••••••4

Sinnemahoning,
Bedford.
Black Forest.
Buchanan, ..<

White Deer, a^**

South Mountain

South Mountain

South Mountain

Grays Run

Seven Mountain

Haldeman

Sinnemahonins.

Seven Mountain

McClure,
Nittany,

South Mountain

Minisink,
Hopkins, .
Rotbrock, ....
Sinnemaboning,

Black Forest,

Stuart,

Trough Creek,

Black Forest,

Whetham, ..

Young Womans Creek...

•••••••••a

•••••••••••

\% •••••••

•••••••••••••••

•••••••••••

•••••••••

• «>•••••••

• ■ •••••••••••••••

••••••••••

••••••••••

• • • • •

Division.

Austin, •••.••••••.••••••

Blackwells,

.•..••••«•
.•••••

Buffalo,

Caledonia, •

Caledonia,

Caledonia,

Greenwood,

Jacks Mountain

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

••«••••••••■••••••••••••••••

Pine Grove

xOcono, •,...•..••*.•••••
Renovo ••

• •• •••••••••••••••••••••••••

••■••«••••••••••••••••••••••

Slate Run« •••

• «• •••••••••••••••••••••••••

Waterville

>•••••••••••••••••••••»•<

••••••••••<

i*«*»*a**«4

Banger.

•••■•• I

••••••••«•

Wesley Hackett,
J. H. Sparks, ..
Robert Thompson,

Harry A. Reitz ,

Cbas. L. Braucher, ....

Joseph O. Boggs,

0. B. Lerew <

James Winters,

L. T. Newman,

James H. Howard, ....

Conrad Ortb

A. A. Bennett,
James Middleswarth,
G. Frank Mohler, .
Howard B. Wells.
Francis X. Dracbbar,.,

M. C. Cortright,

John Liggett, ••(

Ell Stayrook.
Joseph Kissell,
M. B. Westcott,
Oran Snyder,
John M. Stever,
G. C. Spiegel.
A. M. Wilson,
F. P. Miller, ,

•••••••<

••••••

>•••••••••

■••••••••I

••••••«

>#•••••••

Resigned.

October, 1912.
Died October 13, 1912.
Septeml)er 30, 1913. '
April 30, 1913.
March 29, 1912.
September 30, 1913.
March 31, 1!)13.
Sep'^eraber 30, 1913.
September 30, 1913.
September 30, 1913.
April 30. 1913.
November 30, 1912.
September 30. 1913.
September 30, 1913.
Marcli 31, 1912.
August 31, 1913.
September 30, 1913.
May 31. 1912.
July 31, 1912.
Died May, 1912.
September 30, 1913.
September 30, 1918.
September 30, 1913.
April 31. 1913.
January 31. 1912.
May 15, 1913.

FOKEST FIKES.

Under an early act of Assembly the Department annually col-
lects statistics relating to the area covered and destruction cause<i
by forest fires. These statistics will be found presented at the end
of this volume for the years 1912 and 1913. In presenting this re-
port, it seems necessary to make a few observations concerning the
operation of the forest fire laws in this State.

The general fire warden's act of May 13, 1909, is a step in advance
over previous legislation, but it does not completely accomplish the
desired result by reason of the inability of the Department to apply
all of its provisions in full force. The Department is convinced and
has been for a number of years that the forest fire patrol system
is the best kind of effort made to date to prevent the occurrence
of fire. The practice of attempting to extinguish fires after they
are once begun, giving no heed whatever in advance to prevention
so that they may never start, does not and cannot produce the
best results. Section 18 of the act referred to provides for daily
patrol during the fire seasons in the discretion of the Forestry Com-
missioner, who is chief fire warden. There has always been an insuf-
ficient amount of money appropriated to enforce this section, and

16

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY,

17

i

for this reason it has not been possible to establish an adequate
patrol. Could this be done, it is believed that proper men appointed
and well stationed to observe danger points, would, in most in-
stances, be able to attack fire in its incipiency and extinguish it
before it has reached the proportions necessary for summoning a
fire fighting force. Such patrol service accompanied by the building
of suitable lookout towers would place the fire problem completely
under control of the patrolmen of the region. Until the possibility
is at hand of making such an enforcement of the Act of Assembly,
it is useless to look for a control of forest fires in this State.

Under the law the fire wardens make reports showing the area
burned and the approximate losses sustained, in some instances
they must rely ui)on the reports of the owners damaged. The ten-
dency on the part of the owner is to make the area and the loss
of maximum rather than minimum size. However, the true losses
are of a size altogether too great, and the problem is to confine
iires to smaller areas or to prevent them altogether, and thus, in
corresponding manner, decrease the aggregate of the losses.

An analysis of the fires reported for 1913 shows that 927 fires
occurred, 728 being between January 1st and June 30th, the first
.SIX months of the year. A significant fact is that the real fire
season generally opens on the day trout fishing begins The con-
nection here seems to be so obvious of carelessness on the part
ot fishermen that the force of the inference cannot be avoided There
IS also a certain amount of carelessness on the part of hunters in
the fall of the year, but since the figures show that only 199 fires oc-
curred between July 1st and December 31st, and that the hunters
probably outrank the fishermen in number, it is seen at once that
few fires must be laid to the carelessness of the hunters

170 To^^""'""^ """"'^ *'^' ^^''' ^'^' according to reports received is
470 7o8 acres, or a tract nearly half the size of that now owned
by the Commonwealth for forestry purposes. Of course these figures
do not relate wholly to State land, but include the fires on State
land along with all those reported from all the counties in the
Commonwealth. Mittiin county shows the largest burned area, 58 359
acres, a tract in size which is more than half of the reported wooded
area of the whole county. The average number of acres per fire
IS 508, showing that the attack on fires is not so prompt as it ought
o be and as U would be if a proper patrol system could be instituted

^t^ uT ' f '? ^"""^^ "^ ''''^'^ ^-^ ^-"ed perTe
^3,922 In this county the State owns no land for forestry purposes

Much of the timber area has been previously burned and't s^Ts

i^nV d::^ '"""^ '^'^ '^^^ ^'^''^^ '' ^-- ^ -ond ti^::

The direct loss reported from all fires is $761,590. The average
loss per acre burned is |1.61. Although this is a figure conceded
by many states to be a minimum rather than a maximum loss,
the figure is too high and should in the near future be decreased
by at least one dollar. There is no way of computing the indirect
losses which result to bird life, game animals, the effect upon spring
and stream flow, and the general retardation of unkilled growth

within the burned area.

The greatest loss reported by any county is Mifflin, where more
than half the wooded area was reported burned over, and amounts
to $74,512. All this is direct economic waste, and yet the people
and their representatives in the Legislature do not seem to have
come to the conclusion that the extinction of forest fires is an im-
mediately pressing governmental problem and should be met as such.
The cost for extinguishing fires in 1913 paid out of the special
appropriation of $50,000 for two years, was $26,451.93. In addition
to this amount, foresters, rangers, and laborers in the employ of
the Department contributed their time to extinguish fires on State
land and adjacent private land. Private individuals and corporations
paid large sums to protect and extinguish fires on their lands. Could
the aggregate of this expense be determined, it probably would not
be much less than the whole appropriation made by the Legislature.

The loss per acre as reported, varies from 42 cents in Warren
county to $25.00 in Bucks county. In Potter county the largest
sum was paid for extinction, $2,097.80. The average cost of extin-
guishing fire per acre burned over is 5.6 cents. But it must be
recognized that as the average area per fire decreases, the cost of
extinction per acre will increase.

Among the causes producing forest fires, those which are unknown
stand at the head of the list with 320 cases. Most of these un-
doubtedly are from carelessness and incendiarism, and it is surpris-
ing to what a large extent incendiarism prevails. Cases are known
where the facts point to the starting of fire because of a desire to
open up thick woods that hunting may be better in the fall, or
that huckleberry bushes may grow, or that timber may be killed, so
that those residing nearby may buy dead timber for fire wood at a
cheap rate. In the face of all the effort to spread knowledge re-
specting the enormous waste and the uselessness of tolerating fire m
the woods, men in utter disregard of what must be better knowledge,
still permit their personal feelings and prejudices to control thenL
Next to the causes which are unknown are the railroads, with 217
fires to their credit. The known incendiary fires are 121 in number.
Every one of these started under circumstances pointing directly to
this cause, but the criminal of course, in each instance, was far

2—26—1915

18

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

19

away by the time the fire was discovered. Smokers are believed to
have caused 28 fires. The wretched practice of throwing down
lighted matches or stubs or half consumed cigars or cigarettes still
seems to be thought the proper thing on the part of those thus
offending.

The experience of some other states is interesting in comparison
with that of our own. In Massachusetts and New York an appro-
priation of 1 cent per acre is annually made for the protection of
forest land. If this were to be observed by Pennsylvania, taking
7^ million acres or one-third of the State's area as the forested area
which should receive such protection, it would indicate an appropria-
tion by each Legislature of |1 50.000 for each 2-year period. As a
result of adequate protection which these stales may give, the
average acreage per fire in Massachusetts in 1912 was 11 acres, and
in New York 18 acres. Set this over against Pennsylvania's average
of 508 acres per fire, and we instantly see that the acreage rises
as the possible protective effort falls.

la some of the newer western states, by no means commensurate
with the developed resources or wealth of Pennsylvania, an appro-
priation amounting to IJ cents per acre is devoted to forest fire
protection, and a large part of this is contributed by private in-
terests. The interests of Pennsylvania are by no means of less im-
portance than those of other states. These facts are exhibited for
the purpose solely of calling attention to our situation and in the
face of the facts this Department is helpless to accomplish better
results. If it is the State's duty to buy and manage forest land,
it should surely be regarded the State's duty to prevent the destruc-
tion of her forests, an effort just as valuable for the economic wel-
fare of the State. The Commonwealth rigorously prosecutes viola-
tions of the food laws or the health laws and furnishes an abundance
of money for the enforcement of these laws. It is sincerely hoped
that at no distant date the State may through its agency, the Legis-
lature, see the forest fire problem in much the same light.

Against Pennsylvania's |25,000 appropriation for 1913, it is in-
teresting to set out the annual appropriations in some other states:

Maine appropriated |67,900 to protect 9,500,000 acres.
Massachusetts appropriated |25,000 to protect 2,500,000 acres.
New York appropriated f75,000 to protect 7,200,000 acres.
Minnesota appropriated |75,000 to protect 20,000,000 acres.
New Jersey appropriated |15,000 to protect 2,500,000 acres.

All of which points to the fact that this State needs an appropria-
tion of from $75,000 to $100,000 a year to protect ber forest interests
adequately.

No. 26.

By act of Assembly approved July 27, 1913, P. L. 906, the Depart-
ment of Forestry is authorized to enter into co-operative relation
with local forest fire associations for the prevention and suppression
of forest fire. The Department is authorized to expend for patrol
purposes a sum equal to that expended by the association, but not
in excess of |30.00 per month for each patrolman. The full text
of the act is as follows:

A SUPPLEMENT

r^ *. 4.-^A^A ''At. not to proate a system of fire-wardens to preserve the

fire-wardens and those who assist in extinguishing n^^^^ one thousand nine hun-
priation therefor," approved the thirteenth daj ^^^frtoent of Forestry to enter
dred and nine; conferring authority "^P^^j^^^^^^P^t^^Sfshed^y^ the purpose of

compensation thereof.

Whpreas The question of forest flies and their suppression has
be^me a serious problem within this Commonwealth, the osses
Srom amountin'g to large sums of money each year which lo«^^
ought to be prevented by adequate legislative authority and assist

^""mereas Local associations for the prevention and suppression
of forest fires have been established in different parts of the Com-
monwealth composed of owners of land with timber growing thereon,
whose Ssa^e^very year subjected to the menace of forest fires;

• ^"whereas, It is desirable that the Department of Forestry co-operate
with mich associations, and render assistance to them in accomplish-
Tng to the best advantage the work which they are established to do;

^''sStionT. Be it enacted, &c.. That the Department of Forestry is
hereby authorized to enter into co-operative agreements with local
Et flie associations, within this Commonwealth, for the preven-
tioTand suppression of forest fires; and is hereby autli^r.zed to ex^
nend from its general forest fire appropriation Jor^his purpose, a
sum of Xey ecfual in amount to the amount which shall be expended
by each TocTl Association for the employment of proper persons to
natrol such lands during those danger seasons of the year known
as the forest fire seasons, and for such period of tinie each season
as in the judgment of the local association and the Department it
fs necessaij^of expedient to maintain such regular patrol ; and under
such term7 and conditions made with such I'X'al B««o«ations as, in
?he judgment of said department, will produce the best and nios
satisfactory results in the prevention and suppression of forest fires:
Provided! Thft such expenditure by the department shall not ex-
ceed thirty dollars per month for each patrolman.

Section 2 Every such local forest fire protection asssociation shall
render to the Department of Forestry, at the end of each ca^ndar
iear a report showing the number of acres of land comprised within

20

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

the activities of the association, and an itemized statement of all
receipts and expenditures during the year for which the report is
rendered. And in case no appropriation shall be made by the Legis-
lature for forest fire and protective work at any future time, all such
co-operative agreements, subsisting at that time, shall be construed
as being suspended during such interval for which no appropriation
is made. Said local association shall also report any general results
of the work that the Commissioner of Forestry may desire.

Section 3. The fire seasons hereinabove mentioned shall not be
construed, by reason of the act to which this act is a supplement
as being limited to Ihe periods of time stated in the eighteenth sec-
tion thereof.

Section 4. When any group of land owners desire to organize
themselves into a mutual forest fire protective association they shall
promptly notify the Commissioner of Forestry of their intent if it
be the desire of such land owners to avail themselves of the 'bene-
fits of this act.

APPROVED— The 22d day of July A. D. 1913.

JOHN K. TENER.

By Act of Assembly approved July 21, 1913, P. L. 864, the Depart-
ment is authorized to designate in districts which shall be coterminus
with one or more of the counties of the Commonwealth, certain
of the foresters in the State service, who shall then be known as
district foresters. Among the duties which they are to perform is
the instruction of the fire wardens, to report upon their work to
the Department, and to have general supervisory control of the -
fire wardens within that district. The full text of the district for-
esters' act is as follows :

A SUPPLEMENT

To an act, entitled "An act to
for Its proper administration,
monwealth, and to provide for
reserves by the Department of
ruary, Anno Domini one thoiis
eleven), authorizing the Depa
foresters within its employ to
general forest work other than

establish a Department of Forestry, to provide
to regulate the acquisition of land for the Com
the control protection, and maintenance of forest
J^orestry, approved the twenty-fifth day of Feb-
?/'r^o^i°*'^^"i?'^''^l ^"^ ^°J^ (Pamphlet Laws, page
a^ ^ ?!• F^\^^l^^ ^^ designate certain of the
wuU%?e"rtal^FXr^' ^" *'^ performance of

Whereas, In accordance with section three of an act entitled
"An act to establish a Department of Forestry, to provide for its
proper administration, to regulate the acquisition oriand for the
Commonwealth, and to provide for the control, protection and main
tenance of forest reserves by the Department of Forestry 'Mt?s
provided that It shall be the duty of the Commissioner of For^trT
among other things, -to encourage and promote thrdeveloDme^t^^
forestry, to obtain and publish information respectrng^^^^^^^^^^^^
condition of forest lands in the State, and to execute all rulL and

rnttment'of'ln l' *^^/--«try ^Reservation CotniSon f'The
entorcement of all laws designated for the nrotertion «f f^r-ltZ
from fire and depredation," and protection of forests

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

21

Whereas, It is desirable and expedient that that phase of forestry
known as farmers' woodlot and private forestry be given greater con-
sideration and assistance than it has heretofore received; therrfore,-;-

Section 1. Be it enacted, &c., That the Department of Forestry be
authorized to designate, wherever the demands of forestry warrant,
cert Jn of the foresters' in the State Forest Service to be known as
Districts Foresters, rnul that the districts to which they may be
Sned shall be coterminus with one or more of the counties through-

out the Commonwealth. , ^ ^ ^ j-u.

Section 2. It shall be the duty of the District Forester under the
direction of the department, to promote within his distric^ the develop-
ment of forestry by conducting such educational efforts as may be
necessary to bring to the attention of the people the uses and pur
poses of practical forestry, to render assistance to forest and woodlot
owners to conduct experiments in forestry, to collect data concerning
Tresis and woodlots within his district, to inspect and report to
the department upon the work of the fire-wardens to advise with land
ownersupon the planting and protection of shade-trees, to assist in
Arbor Day work, and to promote and advance any other activity m
Wal forestry which may be designated by the Department of For-
estrv The Diltrict Forester shall be supplied by the Department
with suitable office facilities and supplies to enable him to carry on
his work.

APPROVED— The 21st day of July, A. D. 1913.

JOHN K. TENER.

In the general appropriation law of 1913, approved .Inly 10. P. L.
779, among the appropriations for the Department of Forestry is
the item of |50,000 for paying all costs incurred in the prevention
and extinction of forest fires. This sum is available from June 1.
1913 to June 1, 1915. For the period June 1, 1911 to June l, 1913
V. prior appropriation was made bythe Legislature of 1911 and the
same amount was similarly available.

PRIVATE FOREST FIRE PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATIONS.

The owners of timberland are realizing more and more that timber

in Pennsylvania is a valuable commodity, and to be permitted to grow

to its greatest value and highest usefulness the first great caU is

ts proper protection. To this end private forest fire protective

ale aTions^re being organized. The most notable instance of the

22

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

kind in this State is that of the Pocono Protective Fire Association,
which was incorporated in November, 1902. It is, therefore, eleven
years old, and has accomplished during that time a great amount
of good in the way of timber protection in Monroe and southern
Pike counties. From a report of the association rendered July 15,
1913, the receipts of the association from all sources since the date
of organization have amounted to |3,481.41. Against this fund the
association has drawn and paid out |1,975.35 for fire fighting, |421.41
for legal expenses and the costs of organization and incorporation.
CJhemical fire extinguishers cost $382.01. With the passage of the
act transferring forest fire protection and supervision from the local
authorities to the Department of Forestry, the membership declined
and considerable areas were withdrawn from the association. At
this time it is concerned with the protection of about 10,000 acres.
The co-operative act of 1913 has resulted in an increased membership
and a very much more lively interest. During 1913 its membership
has doubled. It offers a standing reward of $100.00 for information
leading to the conviction of one who directly or indirectly sets fire
to woodland. The first District Forester under the act of 1913 was
designated for Monroe county. The forester of the Department in that
region, John L. Strobeck, is the District Forester, who co-operates
with the association. Under the law he assumes direct supervision
of the fire wardens and their assistants. The efficient secretary of
the association is Dr. W. R. Fisher of Swiftwater, Monroe county,
who gives much of his time and effort for the success of the cause!
A second local forest fire protective association was organized in
January and February, 1913, in Centre county, largely through the
effort of Hon. J. Linn Harris of the State Forestry Reservation Com-
mission, and Mr. J. M. Hoffman. Mr. Harris afterward became
President of the association and Mr. Hoffman the secretary and for-
ester. A report of the association rendered July 1, 1913, shows that
there are about 300,000 acres of land represented in the association's
membership. To meet the necessary costs, an assessment of one-half
cent an acre was levied. During the current year the association will
by this and other means, raise upwards of $1,000. The Department
of Forestry has co-operated with this association as it has with the
Pocono association, and both are working in entire harmony During
the year in which the Central Association has been at work it has
accomplished much good in the neighborhood. Fifteen mileJ of fire
lanes have been opened to the date of the report, and others are in
progress. Thirty-five temporary lookout stations have been estab-
lished. Permanent stations will be located later as the experience
of the association determines where they may best be placed Tele

No. 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

phone lines are to be installed as soon as it is possible to do so.
Rural telephone lines are used wherever they may be procured to
serve the purposes of the association. Twenty-four different patrol-
men have been in the service of the association, and at one time
as many as twenty were in service.

Members of this association are greatly interested in the success
of the work, contribute liberally, and nothing but good results is
expected from this effort

FOREST TAXATION.

After a series of efforts extending through four Legislatures, be-
ginning in the early part of 1907, although the subject was considered
of vital importance and discussed many years before that date, the
Pennsylvania effort known as the Auxiliary Forest Reserve bills
finally became law by the signature of the Governor June 5, 1913.
The draft of the first bills looking toward the consummation of this
result, was made by Hon. S. B. Elliott of the Pennsylvania State
Forestry Reservation Commission. Thoroughly discussed and con-
sidered by the members of the Department, it was finally introduced
into the House by a member friendly to the cause of forestry who
believed as those who are familiar with the subject always have be-
lieved, that the then taxation system of the State made an unfair
discrimination against non-productive timberlands. The bills failed
to become laws at this session, but in revised and amended form were
reintroduced into the sessions of 1909 and 1911, likewise failing of
passage. In a further amended form they were introduced into the
session of 1913, and through the efforts of the friends of forestry,
and particularly of Dr. Henry S. Drinker, President of Lehigh Uni-
versity, a member of the Pennsylvania Forestry Association and
President of the American Forestry Association, the bills were finally
passed and were approved by the Governor. These laws are three in
number The first provides for the creation of a new division of lands
in Pennsylvania, to be known as ^^Auxiliary Forest Reserves." The
second relates to the modification of taxes on lands placed within this
division, the thing which has been sought for in Pennsylvania for at
least forty years. The third provides for the payment of certain fixed
charges on lands to be entered in this new class, to be distributed

24

REPORT OF THE

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No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

25

as therein directed, in order that certain municipal units may not be
hampered by loss of tax by reason of the placing of lands within the
new class.

The name ^^Auxiliary Forest Reserve" was originated and applied
by Mr. George F. Craig of Philadelphia, a lumber dealer of wide ex-
perience and a friend of proper forestal effort. The name seemed to
be appropriate and has now been used as the permanent designation
of the new class of lands so created.

Thus has been accomplished after years of patient effort and edu-
cation the desire of the friends of forestry in Pennsylvania for some
modification of the taxation laws relating to forest lands. The idea
has been thought so good that it has been followed in the states of
New York and Louisiana ; and at this time this form of law or some-
thing similar seems to offer the only solution to the real difficulty
regarding forest taxation.

Since the taxing act is limited to take effect only with the tax year
one thousand nine hundred and fourteen (1014) nothing ' further in
the way of entry of tracts into this class may be reported at this
time.

The full text of the acts referred to above is as follows :

AN ACT

To classify certain surface lands as auxiliary forest reserves; to prescribe the terms
and conditions for their continuance in said classification, or their withdrawal
therefrom; and to provide for the expenses attendant thereon.

Section 1. Be it enacted, &c., That in order to encourage the grow-
ing of such trees, now existing or hereafter produced, as will at the
proper age be suitable for merchantable forest products, whether such
be of natural repioduction or from seed sown, or trees planted out,
or all combined, all surface land which may be set apart according to
the provisions of this act, and exclusively used for growing such trees
is hereby constituted a separate and distinct class of land, to be
known as auxiliary forest reserves.

Section 2. When any owner of surface land desires to have such
land placHl in the class established bv section one of this act, suc'i
owner shall notify the State Forestry Reservation Commission of his
desire in manner and form to be prescribed bv said commission. Said
notice shall contain a description of the land, its location, boundary,
area, and character, and shall state as far as practicable the species'
character, and condition of the trees growing thereon, and whether
they are of natural reproduction or are from seed sown for the pur-
pose, or have been set out on said land, or all combined, and such
other information as the commission mav require. If, upon receipt
and consideration of this notice, the com^mission shall, in its discre-
tion, deem the conditions such as to warrant action on its part to
determine whether such land should rightfully be placed in the class
established by section one of this act, it shall cause the same to be
examined by some person learned in the practice and principles of

forestry, and a report made thereon, and if, upon receipt and con-
sideration of such report, it decides that such land should be placed
in the class established by section one of this act, it shall so declare
and certify to the commissioners of the county in which said land is
1 ocated

Section 3. Upon receipt bv the county commissioners of such cer-
tificate of the commission it shall be their duty at once to place said
surface land in the class established by section one of this act, and
keep the same therein until the trees growing thereon shall, in the
judgment of the commission, become sufficiently large and suitable
for merchantable forest products, or the land be devoted to other
purposes: Provided, however, That the certificate of the commission
shall not become operative to place said surface land in the class es-
tablished by section one of this act until the owner of said surface
land has agreed, in writing, with the commission to care for the trees
growing thereon, according to the instructions and directions of the
commission, up to such time as such trees become suitable for mer-
chantable forest products; and if any such owner at any time fails
to care for the trees growing on said land as agreed with the commis-
sion, and due proof thereof is made, the commission may remove said
surface land from the class established by section one of this act. In
case of such removal, either through failure of the owner to care for
the trees or on his expressed desire for removal before the trees shall
have been cut at maturity and tax paid thereon, the county commis-
sioners shall, on notice from the commission, proceed to recover from
said owner, for the use of the county and township, by an appropriate
action at law if necessarv, the difference in the amount of tax which
would have been paid by the said owner at the rates established for
the years for which recovery is sought and the rate provided for
auxiliary forest reserves, with costs of suit, to be recoverable from
the time when such land was placed in the class of auxiliary forest
reserves. And the commission shall remove said surface land from
the class established by section one of this act at any time that the
then owner shall, in writing, notify the commission that he desires
such removal. The commission may, in its discretion, at the time
said surface land is pluced in the class established by section one of
this act, require the owner to file with the commission his or its bond,
of such kind and amount as the commission "shall deem reasonable
and sufficient to secure the obligations of such owner under this act.
Section 4. Whenever trees growing on said surface land have be-
come suitable for merchantable forest products, the commission shall,
at the request of the owner or on its own motion, make an examination
of said land, and designate for the owner the kind and number of
trees most suitable to be cut, if, in the judgment of the commission,
there be any, and the cutting and removal of said trees so designated
shall be in accordance with the instructions of the commission.

Section 5. If the owner of said surface land faithfully carries out
the instructions of the commission with regard to the removal and
marketing of such mature or other trees, as may be designated in the
instructions of the said commission, and shall immediately replant
other trees of valuable species, or so protect the young growth that
the said land may immediately become covered with young forest
growth, and does so with the approval of the commission, then such

26

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No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

97

surface land shall remain in the said class, established by section
one of this act; otherwise, the commission shall notify the county
commissioners that the said land is not being maintained in accord-
ance with the written agreement of the owner and the instructions of
the commission, in which event the county commissioners shall im-
mediately remove said land from the class established by section one
of this act. All expenses attendant upon the examination of the said
surface land by the commission shall be paid for out of the moneys
appropriated for the maintenance of the Department of Forestry, in
like manner as other expenses for maintenance of said department are
now paid.

Section 6. The owner of the said auxiliary forest reserves shalJ,
at all times, have the right to remove therefrom trees, or portions of
trees, which may be killed by fire, thrown or broken by the wind, or
injured by other natural causes; and shall, under the direction of the
commission, be privileged to make necessary thinnings or removal of
undesirable species of trees, in order to improve the condition of the
remaining trees ; and, under the same direction, may be privileged to
remove therefrom such timber, from time to time, as may be necessary
and essential for use upon the neighboring cleared lands of the said
owner, for general farm purposes.

Section 7. Any tract of land while remaining in the class of
auxiliary forest reserves as above provided, may, nevertheless, be
sold or incumbered by or through the owner thereof, but no sale or
incumbrance, whether voluntary by the owner or involuntary under
any statutory or judicial proceeding whatsoever, whether of any
State or of the United States, shall etfect a discharge of any obliga-
tion imposed under this act, and said land shall be removed from
said class only in accordance with the provisions hereof.

Section 8. That all acts or parts of acts inconsistent herewith be
and the same are hereby repealed.

Approved— The 5th day of June, A. D. 1913.

JOHN K. TENER.

AN ACT

To provide for the assessment and taxation of auxiliary forest reserves, and the
collection, distribution and use of the taxes collected therefrom.

Section 1. Be it enacted, &c., That all surface land which may
hereafter be classified and set apart as auxiliary forest reserves, in
the manner provided by law, shall be rated in value, for the purpose
of taxation, not in excess of one dollar ffl.OO) per acre and shall
continue to be so rated so long as the said land remains within the
class designated as auxiliary forest reserves: Provided, however.
That if the said surface land be underlaid with coal, iron ore, oil|
gas, or other valuable minerals, said minerals may be separately
assessed. The assessors in the several districts in which such lands
are situate shall assess such lands in the manner now or hereafter
provided for the assessment of real estate for purposes of taxation,
as if they had not been set apart as auxiliary forest reserves, and
shall make their returns to the county commissioners in like manner

as is now or hereafter may be provided by law, subject to exception,
appeal and final adjustment.

Section 2 Upon receipt of assessment returns from the various
assessors the county commissioners shall reduce, in t^eir records,
to a sum'not in excess of one dollar ($1.00) per acre, the assessment
on all those lands which shall have been placed in the class know
as auxiliary forest reserves, in accordance with certificates filed with
them bv the State Forestry Reservation Commission, and the orig-
inal assessment returns made by said assessors shall be P^eserjed^

Section 3. Whenever timber, on land which is included m the
class of land known as auxiliary forest reserves, is about to be har-
vested, the then owner of the timber on said land shall give a bond
to the county treasurer in twenty per centum of the amount of the
estimated value of the timber to be harvested, and to be approved
hjZe court of the county, conditioned to pay to the county tre^s^
urer within ninety days after harvesting, ten per centum of the
value of the trees immediately at and before the time of harvesting;
which amount shall be ascertained by statement and return under
oath or affirmation, furnished in triplicate, one to the county com-
missioners, one to the county treasurer, and one *« /^^^^^^"^f f ,f °;
immediately after harvesting, by the then owner of t}\e j^^^' «^t*|^?
forTh said value; which sum thus paid shall be divided and distri-
buted by the county treasurer of each county-to ^^^^ county, and
to the poor district, the road district, and the school district of the
township in which the auxiliary reserve is situate, pro rata, based
upon the last assessed millage of taxation for county, poor, road,
and school purposes within said taxing district. ^ . ^v.

Such sum of money when ascertained to be due as a tax by the
filing of the foregoing statement and return, under oath, and, as
hereinbefore provided, directed to be paid to the county treasurer
by the owner of an auxiliary forest reserve, shall from the tim« of
such filing, be and remain a lien upon the land of such owuer until
payment shall have been made: And be it further provided. That
all moneys received by the boards of supervisors shall be appro-
priated exclusively to the opening, maintenance, and ^^Pairf ^he
public roads now or hereafter passing through or into said auxiliary
forest reserves, or upon which said reserves now or hereafter may
abut; and, in the event that no public highways pass through or into
said reserves or none of said reserves abut on such highways, then .
said moneys shall be used for general township road purposes.

Section 4 Should the county commissioners be dissatisfied AMth
the return made, as hereinbefore provided in section three hereof
the court of common pleas of the proper county, on petition of the

commissioners, shall appoint a board of three ^Pf^^^^^^^' ,^,^^^ -^^hP
ffo upon the land in question, estimate the quantity and value of the
trees immediately at and before the time of harvesting, and make a
re^rrtM to the court, which said return shall then be made
the basis upon which each owner shall make payment t^ the respec-
tive county treasurers, unless changed upon appeal. The said ap-
praisers shall be duly sworn or affirmed before entering upon their
work, and either party, if dissatisfied with the report of the ap^
praisers shall have right to appeal to the court of comnaon pleas of
the county, within ten days, after such report shall be filed and notice

28

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No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

29

thereof given the owner. The said appraisers shall be allowed their
expenses and a compensation to be fixed by the court, both to be
paid by the county commissioners.

Section 5. In case of the removal of said lands from the class
known as auxiliary forest reserves, prior to the maturity of the
timber, and without payment of the tax of ten per centum of the
value thereof, as provided in section three of this act, the county
commissioners shall, on notice from the commission, ascertain the
amount of the taxes which would have been paid by the said owner
on the original assessment before thv? reduction provided for in sec-
tion two of this act, adding legal interest from the date when each
tax piayment would have become deliquent. The said commissioners
shall likewise ascertain the amount of taxes which have actually
been paid upon the land in question, adding legal interest upon all
such payments from the date when paid, and certify the result thereof
to the county treasurer, who shall then proceed, in the manner pro-
vided for the collection of county taxes under general laws, to re-
cover from such owner the difference between the two amounts, witli
costs. Such difference, so ascertained to be due as tax as aforesaid,
shall be and remain a lien upon the land of such owner until pay-
ment shall have been made.

If such land shall be so removed from said class after the due
cutting of a matured crop and the payment of tax thereon, the owner
shall, in that case, not be liable for such past assessment; but the
land shall thereafter be liable to assessment and tax as all other
land not classed as auxiliary forest reserves.

Section 6. This act shall take effect only beginning with assess
ments made for the purpose of levying taxes for the fiscal year one
thousand nine hundred and fourteen.

Approved — The 5th day of June, A. D. 1913.

JOHN K. TENER.

AN ACT

Providing a fixed charge on land classified as auxiliary forest reserves; and the
distribution of the fund thus set aside for school and road purposes.

Whereas, By existing law the State forest reserves are subject to
an annual charge of two cents per acre for the benefit of schools, and
two cents per acre for the benefit of roads, in the respective districts
in which said reserves are located ; and

Whereas, It w^ould be a hardship to withhold from school and
road districts the taxes which would otherwise be collected from
land classified as auxiliary forest reserves; therefore, —

Section 1. Be it enacted, &c., That all lands which shall hereafter
be classified as auxiliary forest reserves shall be subject to an annual
charge of two cents per acre for the benefit of the schools, and two
cents per acre for the benefit of the roads, in the respective districts
in which said reserves are located. Said charge is hereby made pay-
able by the State.

Section 2. The State Forestry Reservation Commission shall cer-
tify to the respective school districts and road districts, throughout
the Commonwealth, in which auxiliary forest reserves are located,

the number of acres thus set apart and classified in each district,
and the charge against the same; and shall, furthermore, certify to
the State Treasurer the number of acres as aforesaid, and the charge
a<^ainst the same, in favor of the respective school and road districts.
The State Treasurer shall, upon the approval of the proper warrants
of the commission, pay to the several school districts and road dis-
tricts the amount due the same from the Commonwealth, as derived
under this act.

Approved— The 5th day of June, A. D. 1918.

JOHN K. TENER.

MUNICIPAL FORESTS

In the report of this Department for the years 1910-11 will be
found a short discussion of the municipal forest act passed in 1909
and a mention of the effort then being made by the city of San Diego,
California, respecting the use of a 7,000 acre tract of land for muni-
cipal forestry purposes. ,

Further information at hand is to the effect that during the winter
of 1911 this city maintained a camp in this forest for out-of-work
men. Each man received at least ten days' work with board and
lodging and 50 cents pay per day. To be sure this was small, but it
helped to that extent. This labor was used in cleaning up the land
and the planting of trees. Many of those who were arrested for
trivial offences, as drunkenness or vagrancy, were put into the
colony and thus helped to a fresh start. The plan is reported as
successful and a good investment commercially and socially.
Through this method of handling a problem which is giving all our
cities a greater or less amount of concern, San Diego hopes to put
herself forward as one of the most progressive cities of the country.

There has been more or less discussion respecting the availability
of suitable tracts for municipal forestry purposes in this State. The
mountains to the east of Reading have been referred to as possibly
the best location at hand for a start of this kind. It would be a
most interesting experiment were Reading to avail herself of the
privilege conferred bv the act of Assembly, and by the nearness of
the mountains, a part of which lie within the bounds of the munici-
pality itself.

REPORT OF THE

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DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY,

31

30

Scores of cities in Europe, large and small, are enjoying the bene-
fits conferred by municipal forests. Some of them are enabled to
realize the entire cost of running the affairs of the municipality
rom the returns of their forests. In these hapi^ '^S-ff ^ J/,
no such things as taxes, and in others the telephones and street cars
are used by 'the people without cost, for ^-ng owned municipally
they are maintained by the forest revenue. Probably the most
notlble European municipal forest is that of the Sihlwald or city
forit of ZurL in Switzerland, located at a considerable distance
from the city itself. The Sihlwald was organized and forest working
plans made as early as 1680. It is at present under intensive
management and is the uride of the nation. The gross yield of this
forest is at times the aighest of any known in Europe, occasionally
reaching $12.00 per acre, although in the high Alps the yield sinks
to a considerably smaller amount. The experience of these mum-
cipal forests has been that the higher the expenditure for mainten-
ance and development the greater is the return. Numerous in-
stances are known where the average yearly acre return runs from
S4 00 to 16.00. Wood prices are higher in Europie than they are in
Imerica, but land is cheaper in America than in Europe. The ex-
ample of the European forests points to one conclusion, and that is
that the cities of Pennsylvania might reasonably avail themselves
of our municipal forest act and reap therefrom a substantial re-
venue, besides gaining other things which would be of advantage to
a municipality.

FOREST EXAMINATIONS AND REPORTS.

Members of the Commission and of the office force have been
engaged throughout this period in making outside examinations and
reports as well as doing much work of this character within the
State forests. Dr. Rothrock, Mr. Elliott, and Mr. Harris of the
Commission have devoted many days to such work, and Mr. Williams
and Mr. Wirt of the Department and a number of the foresters have
responded to calls wherever it was possible for them to do so.

In January, 1912, Messrs. Elliott and Harris made an inspection
visit to the State lands in Tioga, Potter, and Cameron counties.
They visited the Asaph nursery first and then studied the nearby
State lands, observed the condition of the tree growth and noted

the possibility for future work. A considerable quantity of dead
and dying white pine stock was found, and in their repiort they re-
commend its removal. Road conditions within this region necessary
for opening up the forest properly, were likewise considered. They
especially gave their attention to a new public road to pass up along
Straight run. From Ansonia the inspection tour was continued to
Galeton and Austin, visiting the lands of Forester Silvius, thence to
Keating Summit and Emporium, where they continued their ob-
servations through the Sinnemahoning forest with Forester Elliott.

They were impressed with one fact i)articularly, and that is
wherever there are good stands of timber reasonable protection by
wide fire lanes should be given, followed by a patrol service during
the danger seasons where the fire danger is greatest. Because of the
large areas of denuded land, they urge, as formerly, the increased
growing of seedling trees and their planting into permanent position.
In October, 1912, Messrs. Elliott and Harris were requested by
me to make an examination of the premises at Caledonia, particu-
larly the Graeffenburg Inn and the forester's headquarters, with a
view to recommending such repairs as to them might seem necessary.
Such inspection was made, and as a result of their examination
certain repairs were undertaken and carried out. They found the
walls of the building in need of immediate repairs. The wood work
needed painting and some of the floors were out of line. The founda-
tion was seen to require reinforcing and that proper anchorage
should be made between the walls and floor timbers. The roof like-
wise was found to be in need of immediate repair. They found the
back kitchen in an unsanitary condition and recommended that
either a new one be built or very substantial changes made. In
fact, their inspection of the whole building showed the need for
rather large repairs, all of which have since been done and the pro-
perty is now in good condition. Since their inspection and recom-
mendation it was found necessary either to repair the stable on the
premises or build a new one. The condition of the old building was
found to be such that it would not be an economic expenditure of
money to attempt to repair it, so plans were prepared for the building
of a new stable, and after calling for competitive bids, which call was
advertised largely in the neighborhood it was found that the Depart-
ment could do the work much more cheaply itself, and this was accord-
ingly done. The result is a new and enlarged stable which will be
suitable for all purposes of the forest headquarters for many years
to come, as well as accomodate those who call at the Graeffenburg
Inn.

Miss Dock of the Commission has collected much information re-
spiecting this locality, and has embodied the same into a short re-
port together with certain recommendations. Because of the his-

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DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY,

33

32

torical value and need for the preservation of such facts in the
public record, tliis report is included in full.

"Graeffenburg Inn.

Tavern,' but *" ^e ^ear 1 850 H^,^^^^^^^^ ^^ ,^ ^.^^ ^^^

became the executor ot Ihafltteus '^^eveus,

"^Vhe"ZT office was established in 1851, and Mr. McPherson was
.iv Jn the Drivnege of naming it, and as Mr. Goodyear had developed
given the privilege o ^ . j^ ^^ ^^^^ becoming popular Mr.

one of the ^^ter cure esiam^ Austrian Water-

^^~¥BB^^ ar=gh o^f ^^

::L?Xf standfig St'blside the stone steps leading down from

''"AblWrorTsOC the trough was removed to a fence about 100
feet from the house, running along the green from the pike to the

^^''So late as 1889 and 1890 when members of my family first visited
this region the batii-house on the green east of the house was stiU
sSndTng but the old ten-pin alley northeast of the barn bad been

""Xre^^^nls Ho"d h'aTJuite a vogue for a time as also had old
CalSonfa^ Springs Hotel, seven miles to the southeast, which was
owned by Col. A. K. McClure for some years.

"Merging of Caledonia and Graeffenburg.

"Mr Stevens' first piurchase of land at the present Oalfedonia was
made in 1830 ; the furnace was built in 18:^7. and the Caledonia
^rnace lands and Goodyear tracts were separately owned until
aca^red in 1888 to 1890 bv the DiUers of Lancaster, who Purchased
thrcaledonia tract from Mr. Stevens' Executor, and later purchased
ihl Snrinffs Hotel which was then closed for several years to the
iubHc^ bTused a an office and residence, first by the I>il ers, and
subSuently by the officials and some of the employes of the ill-
fated 'Caledonia Mining and Manufacturing Company.'

"This company, organized about 1891, built the railroad from
Fayetteville to Wolf Hill, and their consulting Engineer was no less
a nerson than Wm. Barclay Parsons of New York.

"During the operations of the DiUers and their successors, a great
deal of lumber was cut, a shingle mill stood where the path now
runs to the pavilion above the furnace stack, a flint quarry was
ouened above the peach orchard, on Huckleberry Ridge, a null to
grind the rock was operated near Mt. Union, and the product was
shipped to the Trenton piotteries.

"In the hotel building, the room at the western end was used as
the company's office ; the present office was a store-room, later closed
when the company ceased work, about 1895.

"One of the company's staff, Jos. Ranney, was left in charge of the
entire property, and the hotel building was managed by one of the
former employes, John Aldridgc, who with his wife occupied the
building and "was allowed to take boarders until shortly before the
nroperty was transferred to the Commonwealth, in December, 190J.
"The house has had a patronage of rather unusual character, as
at different times educators and scientific persons of renown have
visited Graeffenburg professionally.

"The South Mountain is noted for the purity of its water supply,
the delightful and invigorating quality of its air, the vaned char-
acter of its forest growth, and tlie extraordinary beauty of its woods

and streams. „ ,, , . i ^.^ j onn

"The Professor of Botany at Wilson College has identified 800
species of plants in this locality, and the entire district from Mt.
Union on the west to Cashtown on the east, is knowm to hundreds who
visit it yearly for pleasure, sport, health, rest, and for old association.
"The Caledonia-Graeftenburg district is a natural resort, and the
Greaffenburg Inn is the natural centre of the district ; and while it
is true that some of the piatrons of the Inn are persons of large
means, the vast majority of patrons are persons of moderate or even
small means. In my judgment the State is fully Justified in main-
taining places of recreation such as the Graeffenburg Inn, which
enables persons of moderate means to enjoy scenery and opportuni-
ties for ouiet inexpensive recreation such as sliould be possible in
many places of similar character all over the State. As a rule such
opportunities are frequently, if existent, only adapted to the wealthy
by reason of expense or other prohibitive reasons.

"Propositions to consider if Graeffenburg Inn is improved or

enlarged.

"If measures are taken to continue Graeffenburg Inn as a public
resort, it is urged by the resident forester that one la^ge assembly
room be provided, as the demand in winter for a room of this char-
acter is very frequent for dances, and meetings of all sorts, smokers,

reunions, etc. . , , •< -4. s„ „„+

"If such an assembly room could be pn-ovided, or even if it is not,
I would recommend that because of the unique features of the
vicinity and also because of the large number of visitors connected
with schools and colleges, that the Department "« Forestry take
measures to develop the educational possibilities of the locality.

3—26—1915

34

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DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

38

^1

'•1st. By meaus of maps, and every form of '^^^rmation concern^
ing the topography, geology, natural features, flora, and fauna of
thi district fll such information to be put into attractive form.

"2nd Maps of all kinds, as of Federal forest, other State forests,
NatuVal and State Parks, Bird Protective Islands, and especially
welWone maps of the South Mountain Forest, showing roads, fire
lines, forestal divisions, ecological groups, etc

"Hrd A case of good forest and 'out-door' books up-to-date. A
revolving stand would be a good way in which to exhibit specimens
of trees, shubbery, photographs of forest work, and other scenes

"Briefly, to place attractively and as fully as possible a collection
of obiects intended and likely to help pieople to understand the posi-
tion that Pennsylvania holds in the great protective movements of

«"'■ t^'^*''- (Signed) Mira L. Dock."

After the inspection at Caledonia had been concluded, Messrs.
Elliott and Harris went to Clearfield for the pur^wse of making
further study of the State forests in that region. They found the
young forest plantations in vigorous condition and so report. The
large area of burnwl-over land, however, is most impressive, and
further emphasizes the need of additional planting. Considerable
cleaning up of the forest area is needed in this region so as to remove
the debris left by lumbering and the trees Which have since been
killed by repeated fires. The local forest nursery was found to be
in good condition and showed a remarkable growth of young trees.
A system for surn)lying water when needed by the young plants, is
badly needed at this station, and recommendation for the installa-
tion of such is made. Repairs at the ranger's house and certain new
construction were found to be necessary. The roads and fire lanes
were found to be i)lanned after a satisfactory system.

Forester Kirk's lands in the neighborhood of Penfleld were found
to exhibit much of the same conditions as in the Clearfield division.
The work there was found to be progressing as satisfactorily as con-
ditions and the funds at hand would permit. From Penfleld they
went to Sinnemahoning, where they met Forester Elliott and made
a study of the area under his care, noting particularly the plantings
of white pine, larch, and other species which have lately been set
out in this region. A growth of 20 inches for some of the white pines
was no unusual sight. All these lands are yet in an unsatisfactory
condition and their development proceeds slowly because of the dif-
ficulty attending their administration. Afterward, Messrs. Elliott
and Harris were met by myself at Renovo and in company with Mr.
Royce, representing the Lackawanna Lumber Company, we went to
Crossfork for the purpose of inspecting and studying the character
of lands offered by the Lackawanna Lumber Company for sale to

No. 28.

the Commonwealth. Here we met Forester Emerick and one of his

rangers.

All the foresters and forest employes were found to be taking a
deep interest in their work, studying with great care all the pro-
blems which confront them. The hopeful spirit among them all makes
them ready at all times to undertake any project which will aid m
the better prosecution of their work and produce an early attain-
ment of the desired results.

Mr Elliott remained a time at Crossfork after the departure of
the other members of the party, and concluded a further inspection
of the lands in southern Potter county in company with Forester
Emerick They visited the ranger stations and studied particularly
the opportunities which both foresters and rangers have for doing
further forest planting. Much of this region consists of steep slopies
and its proper reforesting is no easy problem. Here is an area of
87 000 acres under the charge of one forester with adjacent land
managed by other foresters. The soil, the possibilities, and the
present characteristics are substantially alike in all. IJi»on this
foundation the foresters must build their structure, and the whole
efl'ort is based upon forest planting.

It is the belief of those making this inspection that 87,000 acres
for one forester is too large an area. A division in the near future
ought to be made so that more intensive management may be pur-
sued. Land in this part of the State is utterly worthless for any
other than forest growth. Since the timber has been removed,
private owners care little or nothing about it. Thousands of acres
have been literally abandoned. The State will need it at some time
for forestry purposes, and in State ownership it can be accorded
better protection than if lying wild and uncared for.

Occasionally application is made for the development of valuable
minerals supposed to exist on State land. Such an application was
made by Benjamin Vaughn, who desired to exploit for coal on war-
rant No. 4.346 in Morris township, Tioga county. This supposed
coal field was, therefore, inspected and reported upon by Mr. Elliott.
From his knowledge of the locality and experience m coal minmg,
he was the proper person to make such study. The territory in ques-
tion was found to be at a distance from any present railroad and
if good coal were to be found the quantity would probably not
justify the construction of a railrod. So far as his l^'Pfl^^J^^
able to disclose facts, the possibility of coal being found there in
naving quantity is believed to be remote.

'T June, 19f2, Mr. E. 11. Mack of Wesleyville, Erie coun y re-
quested the examination of his woodland and ^/«Pf tl^Jf ° '"^
order that he may know its possibilities for forest culture and what

36

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No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

87

11

should be done to make it produce a better stand of trees. Forester
James E. McNeal was directed to make such examination and report,
and did so on the above date. Forester McNeal found a 28-acre tract
of woodland, of which he made careful study, and recommendations
respecting its proper handling to the owner. The natural regenera-
tion of the tract was found to be good except where it was thought
desirable to change the stock species, and with the removal of the
dead, dying, and suppressed trees it is believed the tract will shortly
show the results of better care. Stock grazing was found to be one
of the principal objections.

In September, 1912, Messrs. Elliott and Harris visited the lands
of Foresters Mulford, Keller, Jerald, Thomson, and Byers. On Mul-
ford's tract near Ansonia they studied again the white pine trees
which are dead and dying, and which it will be necessary to convert
shortly if their value is not to be lost. The trouble with these trees
seems to be that they have been so badly scorched by forest fire that
great wounds appear on most of them near the base, and these
wounds interfere with their thrifty growth and are responsible for
their decline. It is not likely that because of their age they will
ever recover full vigor, and for this reason ought to be removed and
the place given to young trees. All of Mul ford's plantations were
found to be in good order and showing well, particularly the Scotch
pine, which here seems to be somewhat outgrowing the white pine
for trees of this age.

Leaving Wellsboro, they met Forester Keller and Mr. Vaughn,
the coal prospector, whose project has just been referred to. They
then studied Forester Keller's plantations and found them in the
same favorable condition. Roads and fire lanes in this region are
of good character and the system has been planned with care.

From Blackwells they went to Slate Run, where they were met
by Forester Jerald, and with him went to the Pump Station. In
this portion of the journey they passed over much of the State land,
some of which at present seems to be of a pretty worthless character,
and will require a large amount of intensive management to make
it good for satisfactory tree growth. Forester Thomson was met at
the Pump Station, and his plantations were studied. Natural re-
generation seems to be good in this region.

Coming to Williamsport, train was taken for Bedford, where the
forester there, William L. Byers, was visited. Because of a series of
rainy days, it was somewhat inconvenient to make the necessary in-
spections. The visit to Mr. Byers was entirely satisfactory, although
the study of his work and the land under his care could not be made
so carefully as in the other instances.

In April, 1912, Dr. Rothrock, by request, made a visit of inspec-
tion to the State forest in Monroe and Pike counties, going first
upon the forest under the care of John L. Strobeck near Cresco.
He first visited the sprag mill where Mr. Strobeck has been able to
work up a lot of defective and otherwise worthless chestnut material
into what are called sprags. He also found that there^was a certain
market for mine ties, and that his lands were capable of producing
a fair quantity of this product, which when removed will be for the
good of the land. The sprag mill venture was found to be a playing
one. There was also found to be a market for hoop poles. Other
timber was found, as pin oak, which has sufi^ered severely from insect
depredation, and which probably must be taken down in order to
save it from total loss. The great trouble is transportation. It is
not financially productive to pay more for removing a product than
can be derived from its sale.

The forest plantations in this region were found in a satisfactory
condition, having shown an average height growth of 14 inches.
Mr. Strobeck's small nursery contains upwards of 30,000 trees.

A great need of this forest was found to be a proper dwelling for
the forester. His present house is inadequate and unsatisfactory.
That the forester and his wife were content to live here under such
trying conditions was because of their devotion to the work. Several
localities were examined with a view to the erection of suitable
buildings. (A dwelling has since been built and is reported on at

page 39.)

The roads in this region were found to be in a condition better
than the ordinary mountain road. Whenever fire lanes may be con-
verted into driving roads this is being done, for it keeps them opien
and saves the cost of brushing. Fire lanes here are necessary be-
cause the fire fighting force in these counties is small.

A visit to the Whitaker place recently purchased by the Depart-
ment, occupied by Ranger Oortright. was then made. The small
local nursery contained probably 100,000 seedlings. The serious
drawbcak is inability to procure water for the seedlings at the time
most needed. Certain repairs were found needful to both house and

barn at this property.

From Strobeck's forest Dr. Rothrock called upon Forester Avery
at Notch, meeting him at Hunters Range on the way in On this
division it was found that the scrub oak was rapidly disappearing
because of the shutting out of light by more valuable species rising
above it. The pitch pine which was formerly unpromising is now
shown to be an attractive feature of the woods. Many of the trees
have become suitable for forest pifoducts. A feature of Avery's di-
vision is the fire lane from near Edgemere to the Whitaker place, a

Ill

38

REPORT OF THE

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neat and effective piece of work built by Ranger Frank. It is direct
and free from unnecessary litter and well located. During its course
it is crossed by three other lines. Forest Hanger Frank has con-
structed a fire tower on the line. Its commanding site gives it a
wide range and it is well built. The plan of the fire protective sys-
tem was found to be satisfactory, but its progress toward com-
pletion is slow due to scarcity of labor when needed. The greatest
need for the next fire lane seems to be the one from Bald Hill to
Riley's, a distance of three miles. In other regions they are likewise
demanded. The whole project of forest protection in this region
depends upon a well located system of towers and fire lanes. A
serious fire will destroy in a day many times the cost of the construc-
tion of these protective means and appliances. Many of the public
roads require improvement and brushing out to make them effective
fire lanes. A new road should be built through the Balsam Swamp
running east through the Phillips and Stocker tracts, as it will af-
ford the only means of reaching the region north and east of the
Promised Land dam. The Promised Land region is a great problem
and believed by Dr. Rothrock to be hardly less for us than the earlier
one was to the Children of Israel. Much of the young growth com-
ing on here is chestnut, which does not augur well for the future of
the forest unless the chestnut bark disease can in some way be
headed off.

The problems confronting these two foresters are radically differ-
ent. Strobeck's is to thin out and dispose of undesirable timber and
protect against forest fires, while Avery's is more the problem of
planting, having practically no market for any of his product.

The increase of the commercial timber in Avery's division during

«

twelve years has been really very great, consisting of patch pine,
white pine, spruce, chestnut, and oak, which with proper transporta-
tion facilities might be sold at a profit, and there are believed to be
not less than 20,000,000 feet.

The buildings occupied by Ranger Frank and his family were
found needing repairs, and certain recommendations are made by
Dr. Rothrock respecting the repairs to be made. The ranger is taking
good care of this property, and it presents an attractive appearance.
These repairs have since been made.

Dr. Rothrock makes specific directions respiecting the care of the
most important roads for forest work, as they now exist. The State
cannot do all the road work in Pike county, and the local super-
visors should be made feel that they really were elected for a pur-
pose.

An agreement was entered into in July, 1912, with S. B. Mikels of
Canadensis, a carpenter and builder, for the erection of a house for

jj^ 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. »

Forester Strobeck. This new building is located five miles north-
east of Cresco in Monroe county. The sum paid for the carpenter
work was $450.00, and the other branches of the work were done by
laborers in the employ of the Department, excepting certain portions
which were completed with the aid of other local mechanics. The
mill work for the building was furnished by the East Stroudsburg
Lumber Company, Inc., for $608.52. In order to furnish a proper
water supply it was necessary to drill a well to a depth of 125 feet,
which was done by Jesse Ransberry at a cost of $375.00.

In August, 1912, the Deputy Commissioner of Forestry made a
visit to Philipsburg, Centre county, where the citizens had recently
become greatly interested in the problem of their street trees. Mr.
William.s met about 40 citizens at this place in the public square,
and a general discussion of the street trees was had. A formal re-
port of the result of his inspection was rendered to the chairman of
the street tree committee, Mr. Womelsdorf.

Two days later he visited the forest exhibit at Pittsburgh and
then went to Sewickley and Glen Osborne to make an inspection of
the property of Dr. Rinehart, who desired certain recommendations
respecting the planting of his grounds so as to give them more of a

forestal asDect.

The next day a visit was made to Beaver at the request of Mr.
Stone, one of the county commissioners, and a member of the Beaver
Shade Tree Commission, who wished to consult respecting matters
of the shade tree law and the handling of their tree problems within
that borough. On the same day he went directly from Pittsburgh to
Washington, D. C. to attend a conference called by the Agricultural
Department authorities, looking to State co-opieration in handling
the problems which have arisen by reason of the prevalence of the
chestnut bark disease. At this meeting other representatives were
present from North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland,
New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania.

On September 25, 1912, Mr. Williams attended a meeting of the
Montgomery County Horticultural Association at Norristown, be-
fore which Society he read a paper on -The Effect of Woods and
Forests on Horticulture."

October 1-4, 1912, the Deputy Commissioner was present m
the city of Indianapolis, Indiana, attending a meeting of the Fourth
National Conservation Congress, and while there made a visit of
inspection to the Indiana State Forest located near Henryville in
the southern part of the State. Valuable information w^as gained by
this visit respecting the growth and desirability of the western
catalpa as a tree to be planted generally for forest purposes. The
experience of the Indiana plantations has, like those of Pennsyl-

ill

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40

REPORT OF THE

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vania, not been all that was claimed for the tree, and in Indiana it
is no longer recommended for general planting purposes except
there be a disposition on the part of woodlot owners who wish to
plant, to give up their very best corn and wheat soil to the growing
of this tree. Few farmers are willing to do this, and catalpa plant-
ing is lagging considerably.

On January 15, 1913, at the request of the trustees of the Eastern
Institution for the Feeble Minded and Epileptic located at Spring
City, Mr. Williams made an examination of the wooded areas of
land on the estate now managed by this commission and rendered a
report thereon to the trustees. He found that a large part of the
woodland on this tract was chestnut badly infected by the bark dis-
ease, and many hickory trees attacked by the hickory borer. The
hickory and the chestnuts are likely to be destroyed entirely, and to
this end he in his report recommended the substitution of different
trees to take their places. He also considered the strengthening of
the present woodlot stands and made a number of recommendations
regarding other tree work which would greatly improve the at-
tractiveness of the grounds.

LIVING CONDITIONS.

It is becoming increasingly necessary to furnish both foresters
and rangers with better living facilities. A number of good build-
ings have thus far been erected, and in addition to those already
reported on during the year the following structures were built:

The house at Leetonia for the accommodation of the ranger at
that place. Contract for the erection of this building was let to
Messrs. J. C. and S. A. Spencer of Wellsboro, and the building was
put upi for the contract price of $2,564.00.

The barn at Caledonia and the improvements at Graeffenburg Inn
are reported hereinbefore.

It became necessary to introduce a modern heating system into
the houses occupied by Foresters Staley and Retan at Mont Alto,
and a contract for a system of hot water heating was let to Hiram
Wilson Hardware Co. of Columbia.

The repairs at the now forest headquarters at the Pump Station
have put this set of buildings into good condition for the occupation

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

41

of the forester and one of his rangers, besides furnishing living ac-
commodations for the families of two regularly employed laborers.
A proper water supply for this station required drilling of three
wells. A barn entirely new was also built.

REPORT OF THE FOREST INSPECTOR.

The report of George H. Wirt, Forest Inspector, as rendered to the
Commissioner of Forestry, is too voluminous for publication in full.
It will, therefore, be necessary to extract from it and condense suf-
ficient data so as to give fair information of the work he has ac-
complished. Mr. Wirt's work during these two years has been of
peculiar value in making examinations of difficult forest pcroblems
which have-arisen throughout the State; in the preparation of a new
series of blank forms now in use; his investigation of and recom-
mendations for a uniform system of bookkeeping ; his outside forest
inspection and assistance to foresters; and his checking up of the
foresters' and rangers' reports.

In January, 1012, he inspected and made a study of the pitch
pine situation in the Hopkins State Forest. A large quantity of
wood was discovered which ought to be removed from the land for
the benefit of young woods. This timber is dead and decreasing in
value. The regeneration was found to be good, but room must be
made for it by removing the stock which now encumbers the ground.
On February 1st, a visit was made to the plant of the Newjwrt
Extract Co. to study the problem of utilizing blighted chestnut
wood in the making of tanning extract, and also to determine
whether or not the presence of the bark disease in the wood so used
in any way decreases the value of the product. As a result of his
study it was learned that the bark disease makes no difference
whatever in the value of the result obtained.

From February 26th to 29th, he was present at State College dur-
ing a week of instruction to the scouts of the Chestnut Tree Blight
Commission, and gave lectures to the forestry students at the Col-
lege, as well as to the men in the employ of the Blight Commission.
At this time he procured from Prof. Buckhout, now deceased, a mem-
ber of the first Forestry Commission, a valuable lot of papers re-
lating to the early work of forestry in Pennsylvania. These are now
the property of the Department and form a valuable chapter in our
forest history.

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DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

43

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a

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In March Mr. Wirt investigated the problem of storing our forest
tree seeds in the Department store room to determine whether keep-
ing them there interferes in any way with their germinating quali-
ties. It was learned that there was a decrease in weight of the seeds
so received, and he recommended as a result of his investigation that
all seeds be shipped to foresters as soon as received at the Department
because of the too high temperature in th^ basement store room.

On March 18, 1912, Mr. Wirt made an inspection of woods for
Morris Wood of Overbrook, Pa. The trees were found to be largely
chestnut infected with the chestnut bark disease, and such advice
and assistance were rendered as it was believed would enable Mr.
Wood best to dispose of his trees.

On March 19th, an inspection was made of the woodlot of Albert
Gray at Colmar, Montgomery county, to determine whether the wood
present was financially mature and what proportion of it should
be cut, if any. The same day an inspection was made of the property
of Mrs. E. S. Meade located near Bycott in Bucks Co. A lumberman
had contracted to remove some of the timber, and it was Mrs.
Meade's desire to have a study made so that she might come to a
more advantageous agreement with the contractor.

A great number of alleged remedies recommended to the Chestnut
Blight Commission as capiable of effecting a cure for the bark dis-
ease, led to the formation of a Board of Review to inspect and study
the application of all such remedies and report thereon. This board
consisted of Dr. Melville T. Cooke of the New Jersey Experiment
Station, Brunswick; Prof. W. Howard Rankin of Cornell University,
Ithaca, N. Y. ; and Mr. Wirt. The board met on March 20th and con-
sidered the Burrows remedy which had been applied in the Lovett
chestnut grove near Emilie, Bucks county. A further report was
made on all the cures offered and will be noticed later.

On March 20th, Mr. Wirt left Philadelphia for Pittsburgh and on
the following day inspected the woodlot of Mr. Robert T. Peebles
ten miles from New Castle, La>vrence county. The trouble was
found to be the hickory borer, and all species of Carya were being
rapidly killed by it in that neighborhood, as well as in the western
half of the State. The difficulty here as elsewhere was found to be
in applying the proper management to the woods. Mr. Peebles ex-
pected to plant at least 4 acres of trees in the spring of 1913.

On April 2d, at the request of the New Century Club of Kennett
Square, Chester county, he delivered an address on ^^What Forestry
Means." An interested audience listened to the address and asked
many questions concerning the work in forestry and the meaning of
the invasion of the chestnut bark disease.

From Kennett Square, Mr. Wirt went to Peach Bottom in Lan-
caster county, and on the third of April examined a red oak planta-

No. 26.

tion on the farm of Mr. L. K. Stubbs of West Chester. This planta-
tion was made in the spring of 1910. A large number of the trees,
about 75%, had failed. To study the cause of this loss was his mis-
sion It was found to be that in mowing grass the trees were cut
andinjured, thus interfering with their growth. ^ , ^^

On Arbor Day, April 12, 1912, an address was delivered to the
school children of Camp Hill, and in the evening an illustrated lec-
ture in the United Brethren Church at Mont Alto was given on

"Trees and Patriotism." , . ^. +^

The Scranton Gas and Water Company desired an inspection to
be made of their watersheds for the purpose of outlining future ac-
tivities to care for this area in better manner than theretofore and
to reforest the bare fields and hills. Accompanied by the corpora-
tion officials, an inspection was made and a written report rendered
under date of April 24th. The report is too lengthy to be given at

this nlace

On May 20th, Mr. Wirt again returned to Scranton and super-
intended the plantinfr of 80,000 2-year old white pines ^^l^^^h the
Scranton Gas and Water Company had purchased from forestry
nurserymen for reforesting their lands, in accordance with the r^
port previously rendered. The seedlings suffered in transit and
were not in the best condition on arrival. However, they were
planted and results «nll be determined later. It is the purpose of
this company to plant from 80,000 to 100,000 seedlings every year,
and the starting of a small nursery on their own account was re-

commended. ,, _, . u^i^««i,,ry

Prior to the above visit, on April 20th, a small woodlot belongmg
to Dr. E. M. Santee of Albany, N. Y., and Mrs. Isaac Shaffer of
Hughesville, Pa., and located near Hughesville was «amined to
determine whether the present stand required thinning. The s.tu-
ation with the trees, which were largely chestnut sprouts, was ex-
plained and the relation to them of the bark disease pointed out.
The matter was left for them to determine. . ,

On April 26th, Mr. Wirt was present at the beginning of a plant-
ing undertaken by the Shamokin Water Company on *»>« S«^*
branch of Roaring Creek, Northumberland county The p ant n,
was made about their reservoir, and was ^ "^ l^^^^^^^^^^^^ P^^"^"
They used in this work 10.000 Scotch pine. 7,000 ^orway epruce,
and 6,000 Austrian pine. The labor was supplied by fje'S" J-^J''
dents, who soon got the spirit of the planting and learned to do the
work well. To show the efficiency of the crew after a little training,
the average cost of the planting was ?2.55 per thousand Jees-

On May 8th, Mr. Wirt made an inspection of woodland belonging
to H. L. Cnrtin of Curtin, The «rea was about 5,000 acres covered

44

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

with sprout grouth up to sapling size, and the piurpose was to deter-
mine whether or not the operation to cleanse the woods should be
undertaken. A negative report was rendered in this case.

Mr. H. K. Mattern of Julian, Centre county, desired advice respec-
ting an impTovement cutting in his timberland of approximately
300 acres. Mr. Wirt visited these woods on the 10th of May and ex-
plained to the owner what should be done and how to do it.

The Spring City Institution for the Feeble Minded and Epileptic
had determined to do some forest planting in exposed areas, and
for this purpose Mr. Wirt was present on May 24th and instructed
in the pdanting of the trees.

On the 25th of May, he was present at the State Institution for the
Chronic Insane at Wernersville on the same kind of mission. At
these two institutions considerable land was found which is not
valuable for other purposes than tree growth, and it is well that
they be planted up to a good species of tree.

On June 3d a visit was made to the Crossfork division of the
Kettle Creek State forest for consultation with Forester Emerick
respecting his problems in forest management, and rendered the de-
sired assistance, ^s-i-

An oak-infesting insect was reported to be doing damage to trees
in the neighborhood of Irvineton, Warren county. Upon examina-
tion other insect troubles were found to be present. The trouble
was found to be on the increase and no practical method seemed to
be at hand to control the outbreak in large forest areas. It was ex-
plained that valuable shade trees might be saved by using a spray
containing arsenate of lead.

On June 10th, a visit was made to Mr. C. W. Smith, President of
the Warren Business College at Warren. Mr. Smith is an ardent
student of the forest problem, and desires his students to be able to
earn a part of their tuition by working in the surrounding timber-
lands. They had already begun a system of roads and trails, and
expect to continue further forest work.

On June 12th several woodlands belonging to Mr. H. W. Smitten of
Avalon, Allegheny county, but which were located near Savan in
Indiana county, were inspected. These woods were found to be in
need of general impirovement and a report so rendered.

On June 14th, 1912, an inspection of about 700 acres of land be-
longing to the Fayette Coal Company of Pittsburgh, was made at ,.
Noblestown, Allegheny county. Most of this land was found to be ,
suitable for forest growth only. The necessary information was
given and a report in greater detail rendered thereon.

The Ringing Rocks Park Association near Pottstown, Montgomery
county, desired advice with respect to the handling of t!?eir woodland t

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

46

No. 26.

tract, and for this purpose an examination and report was made on

June 19th.

On June 20th an examination was made of the pine trees along
Broadhead creek in Monroe county, made at the request of Mr.
George Ransberry of East Stroudsburg. The trees were attacked
bv spittle bugs, and there was present some evidence of the
white pine leaf blight. No great danger seemed to be threaten-

^^The Pennsylvania Forestry Association held its spring out-meet-
ing at Bushkill, Monroe county, and on June 20th, Mr. Writ read
a paper before the association on -Pennsylvania Forest Reserves.
The paper was afterwards published in Forest Leaves and an illus-
trated address later on embodying the same thoughts was delivered
to the students of Lehigh University.

On June 21st and 22d, Mr. Wirt examined the forest surrounding
Silver Lake in Susquehanna county. The owner. Rev. J. Townsend
Russell, desired first hand information respecting its value and the
Piroper method of handling. A report was made thereon, as re-

quested. . . ,

Dissatisfaction had arisen between the Oliver heirs and a con-
tractor with respect to the manner in which he had been removing
certain timber from their property. They also desired further inf or-
mation relating to a more systematic development of future growth.
A careful handling fo;- this ,)roperty was shown to be needed and the
method of procedure was pointed out. The forest fire risk here was
found to be great, and an extensive system of protection was sug-
gested and reported on. Tn making the inspection in this region,
the carelessness of the railroads ^vith respect to forest fires was
noted, and the further fact learned that while there are many es-
tates of small area in the locality, none of which could scarcely af-
ford regular employment of a forester, yet many of them might coni-
bine in the employment of such an official, and from him receive ef-
ficient care and protection. It was suggested that some such plan
be worked out either through a combination of the owners or in co-
operation with the State Department of Forestry. Tt was further
suggested that the Department has a duty in the premises and the
ptroblem of woodlot forestry should be given more serious attention
than it has received in the past.

The York Water Company desired an examination of 21J acres
surrounding their new impounding basin. Their wish was to cover
the area with forest trees. On the first visit a preliminary report
was rendered. Later, on October 10th, a detailed examination was
made and report rendered.

On June 11th, a visit was made to the city of Altoona at the re-
quest of the Bureau of Parks. wlii<-l) had been put in charge of a

46

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

47

lii

small woodland area for city park purposes. Recommendations
which were thought to be useful for this work were made. It was
further recommended that the hills and mountains surrounding the
Altoona city reservoirs be planted and kept forest covered.

The Eastern Foresters' Association of the United States held its
midsummer meeting at Petersham Forest, Massachusetts, the Har-
vard forest where the students of that university receive their prac-
tical training. This meeting was attended by Mr. Wirt during the
third week of July, and a number of interesting and instructive
operations were witnessed. One of the new things brought out was
the use of wireless telegraphy in forest management, particularly in
relation to forest fire problems. After this meeting most of the
foresters in attendance went to the New Hampshire Forestry Con-
ference in the White Mountains, where the forestry work of the New
Hampshire pieople was reviewed and studied. An address was ren-
dered to the meeting on July 18th on "The Management of the Penn-
sylvania State Forests." The people of New Hampshire are thor-
oughly appreciating their wooded hills and mountains. Because of
the undeveloped woods of the second growth forests, little revenue
may be derived from them at this time, but it is said that tourists
leave annually twelve million dollars within the State. This should
certainly be an incentive to our Pennsylvania people to endeavor to
attract tourists to mountains which are just as beautiful as those

of the Granite State.

The Pennsylvania foresters held their midsummer meeting on
July 22d and 23d at Williamsport. At these meetings Mr. Wirt was
present, and with the foresters inspected the Central Penna. Lumber
Company's various mills. A study of such industries is highly valu-
able to our forest employes.

On July 26th, 1912, Mr. Wirt went to Chambersburg to examine
some trees attacked by the locust borer and carpenter worm, and
from there to Mont Alto, where he inspected the nursery and a por-
tion of the State Forest under the charge of Mr. Staley.

The proposition to remove the defective beech, birch, and maple
from Grays Run Forest had been brought up by Mr. Wells, the for-
ester, and on the 5th of August an inspection was made of the con-
ditions there existing.

The New Jersey Zinc Company is the owner of 1,000 acres of forest
land near Palmerton, Carbon county, and desired a report on their
tracts respecting proper forest management. Here was shown to be
another opportunity for the employment of a forester in conjunc-
tion with other holdings in the same locality.

A grove of hardwoods near New Bethlehem in Clarion county
upon examination was found to be infested with a number of des-.

No. 26.

. .fivp insects A report was rendered on the treatment of the
irve and^^^^^^^^^ made respecting its ^-tu- manage-

Tnt Here was well illustrated the relation between bird and in-

t iife Thlscarcity of birds was probably in a large part res-
;:;\;;;:-fofth^^^^^^^^^ of msects found, other less import-

nnt insnections were made during the same trip. , , „„

or»t 30th an inspection was made and report rendered on
Idland area o about 325 acres at Cooperstown, Venango county.

a wisn vj Qpntember Mr. Wirt accompanied Mr. fehoe-

SL .?. B .k-r.T'Mo., A,., an. C.d-a »a «,.

It was desired to have tne roit»ii,y rar^ir(^ Hall

p„™„. Pi».. ana Annua, ^J^'^'-^f;-^^ £"««'"

Mueller, Meek, 'fj^f'^ ^ ™„ „„, ,„ Endeavor, Fore.t
On September 22d and 23d. Mr. Wirt weni „j . , ,j,

county, where the P'^-^l^^^.^'-'S^rrMr^irTa Jain mefMr; Shoe-

wonder of all the »-f^«^^^^^^^^^^ ^ wheeler tracts was made,

maker and a very interesting stuay oi . ,

A number of important V^^^oj^^Z^^^n. county, desired
.^^^. So? acrlTw^oiland^ear that place. A car.
?ul stuJy of tTe'situation was made and report thereon rendered to

the owner. . ,012 the illustrated lecture before referred to

was made of the transplant nu ^ ., . p^ncreffa-

On„^.«on at ''•"'''\Z\Tl^Znll trT.'S..

growth.

48 REPORT O^ THE Off. Doc.

An address on *The Relation of Forests to Water Supply and
Agriculture" was delivered by Mr. Wirt to the students of the Mes-
siah Bible School at Grantham, Cumberland county, on November
8th.

Dr. J. N. Rhodes of Philadelphia desired advice respecting the
handling of his tract of virgin forest in Delaware county. Such in-
formation as was at hand and believed to be applicable to the pre-
sent conditions was given to the owner by the inspector.

On the same visit an examination of the Farnham Estate of 60
acres near Media was also made and report rendered thereon. The
chief trouble here was found to be the chestnut bark disease.

At the request of Miss Hall, an English walnut tree in the bor-
ough of West Chester was examined on the same trip, and Mr. Wirt
made certain recommendations respecting its treatment.

The Childrens' Country Week Association of Philadelphia owns
some farmland near Downingtown and requested certain assistance
respecting the handling of their woods. A study of the woodland
was made on the 11th of December and report rendered thereon.

On January 13, 1913, Mr. Wirt went to Ansonia, Tioga county, to
examine the amount and condition of the standing timber on war-
rant 4447, along Pine Creek. This examination was made in com-
pany with two of the foresters and a forest ranger. The report ren-
dered thereon is one of much detail, and showed a stand of the fol-
lowing character:

Good white pine, 2,022,500 feet

Defective white pine, 752,500 feet

Good hemlock 409,500 feet

Defective hemlock, 145,500 feet

In addition to the above, there are i>robably 750,000 feet of scat-
tered hardwoods upon the area. The report recommended that all
hardwood trees over 8 inches be cut because of the damage they had
suffered from a f re occurring forty years ago.

The Association of Eastern Foresters held their winter meeting
at Lakewood, New Jersey, and on the 6th of January Mr. Wirt at-
tended as the representative of this Department. The foresters were
the guests of the President of the National Conservation Congress,
Mr. Charles L. Pack.

An address was given by him to the students of the Forest Aca-
demy at Mont Alto on the "Early Days and Development of the
State Forest Academy."

On February 4th, a visit was made to Forester Strobeck at Cresco,
and an examination made of tracts 59 and 61, Monroe county, where
it was proposed to undertake improvement operations; also upon

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

40

No. 26.

a tract to the south in Pike county. A clean cutting operation was
recommended. A further account of these operations was rendered

by Forester Strobeck.

On February 6th a meeting was had with Dr. Wm. R. Fisher and
Mr J A. Seguine at Cresco, representatives of the Pocono Fire Pro-
tective Association. A general discussion was had with them re-
specting the aims and piurposes of the association and the co-opera-
tive work which can and ought to be entered into between the De-
partment and their association. As a result of this conference there
was prepared a bill which was introduced into the Legislature,
passed, and approved, providing for just such co-operation as was
deemed advisable between the Department and such associations.

A Chautauqua Circle at Buckingham, Bucks county, requested in-
formation respecting Pennsylvania forestry, and on February 15th
Mr Wirt delivered an address to them on this subject.

On March 3d an examination of a large tract of timberland m
Lancaster county was made for Mr. J. H. Steinman by Inspector
Wirt, Forester W. G. Conklin, and Banger Wirth. The land is lo-
cated near Martic Forge. The chestnut was found to be badly in-
fected and other improvements were shown to be needed.

On March 5th a tract of woodland was examined for Dr. Robert
Meade Smith of Gwynedd, Montgomery county. Trees that were
found to be of no further use were marked for removal.

Requests began accumulating about this time for rules relating
to the cutting of timber, and a few general rules were therefore pre-
pared and are given at the end of this report.

At the request of Mr. R. A. Zentmyer of Tyrone, a visit was made
on March 18tli to the Pennsylvania Furnace Club propierty at Penn-
sylvania Furnace. The proposition here was the thinning and man-
agement of a Norway spruce and European larch plantation, 50
years of age. Recommendations were made respecting the treatment

of their trees. ^ v^i^ «4.

Through the efforts of Forester A. E. Rupp, a meeting was held at
Lemasters, Franklin county, where a lecture was delivered by Mr
Wirt on March 26th, using the subject -Forestry m Pennsylvania.

Mr A. B. Holmes of McKeesport, being greatly interested in a
newly planted park, desired some assistance and advice respecting
the trees. For this purpose a visit was made to the plantation on

April 7, 1913. . ^. r. ^ r • w^o+

On April 8th, at the request of the Women's Club of I^^;^;^West.
moreland county, an illustrated talk was given to the school children
on the subject of "Tree Buds, Leaves, and Flowers." About 600 chil.
dren were present at the meeting. Tn the evening an illustrated talk

4—26—1915

50

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

Si

on the subject of "Forest and City Tree Planting" was given to about
200 of the older citizens of the town. A number of suggestions for
improvement in tree planting were made to interested persons.

Mr. A. P. Cameron, General Supt. of the Westmoreland Coal Com-
pany, wished an inspection of his pQantation of locust and catalpa
made by the company in 1907, near Export. This inspection was made
on April 9th. It was found that the company had planted 156 acres.
The trees were seedlings one year old and set 6x8 feet. This distance
is believed to be too great. The trees averaged about 8 feet in height
and from one to two inches in diameter. About 95% of the trees
planted were found growing. The locust borer was found but was not
abundant. The catalpa was behind the locust in size.

In this visit an examination was made of the lands belonging to
Mr. James H. Duff near Newlinsburg, Westmoreland county. In-
structions were given and written report rendered.

On April 10th, at the request of Mr. S. K. Wilson of the Pittsburgh
Coal Company, the Farm Manager of the company, Mr. Bigger, con-
ducted Mr. Wirt over the company's farms near Monongahela City.
An effort is to be made to plant the surface lands belonging to the
coal company.

Mr. Charles C. Cooper, the resident director of the Kingsley House
Association of Pittsburgh, requested an inspection of the woodland
on the Lillian Home farm near Valencia, Butler county. This inspec-
tion was nijade April 11th. The tract was found to be valuable both
as a source of wood and a protection to buildings. The necessary re-
commendations were made looking to the beautifying of the region,
as well as an increase in its utility.

At the request of Mr. Fred Krebbs of the Cambria Iron and Steel
Company of Johnstown, a visit was made to a woodlot near lObens-
burg, April 12th. The necessary instructions were given to enable the
owner to carry out his desires. At the same time a visit was made to
the woodland belonging to the town of Ebensburg, in whicli are lo-
cated the springs and tlirough which the stream flows furnishing the
town's water supply. The opportunity here for establishing a muni-
cipal forest was found to be of the finest. Few towns in this State
are so situate.

On April 14, 1913, an examination was made of the 2,300 acres be-
longing to the Bedford Springs Company at Bedford. The famous
Bedford Springs hotel is located on this tract. General improve-
ment of the woodland was desired as well as protection to the
springs. The necessary improvement was suggested and the ways of
doing it pointed out.

On April 16, 1913, a meeting of the Review Board of the Chestnut
Blight Commission made final examination of the experiments at the

%\

No. 26.

Lovett orchard. It was found that in no case had the alleged remedies
effected a cure nor did they seem to have lessened the virulence of the
attack of the bark disease. Many trees so treated had died. It was
found that a slight increase in growth was the only result of the

treatment. -

On April 17th, an examination was made of a fir on the tarm or
Col Cyrus Radford of the United States Marine Corps near Berwyn.
The trouble, so far as could be learned, was due to weather conditions,
and suggestions for improvement were made.

At the request of the Civic Club of Apollo, two addresses were de-
livered on the subject of forestry and tree planting to their members
on April 25th. The ladies compiosing this club are greatly interested
in beautifying the town with proper tree planting, and took this oc-
casion to arouse interest. On this occasion it was realized that the
moving picture film could be made a valuable adjunct to teaching

lessions in practical forestry. , ., . , t.. .

The Forestry Exhibit held at Horticultural Hall, Philadelphia, dur-
ing the week beginning May 19th, was attended by Inspector Wirt
and Foresters McNeal, W. G. Conklin, and Mustin. After the ex-
hibit the material was carefully packed and returned to Harrisburg.
On May 27th, in company with S. B. Detwiler of the Chestnut
Blight Commission, Mr. Wirt visited the farm of Mr. Musser near
Somerset, whose woodland had been damaged by fire resulting from
the destruction of blighted chestnut trees. A report to the Chestnut
Blight Commission was rendered thereon.

In the interval of inspection, Mr. Wirt was engaged in studying
the dying of the Norway spruce at Elizabethtown on the Masonic
Home grounds, and comparing information respecting the prevention
of forest fires and the planting of various kinds of seeds and seed-
lings. ^

On July 31st, at the request of the New Jersey Zinc Company, a
visit was made to their New York City office. The piurpose of the
visit was to consult with he officers of the company respecting the
employment of a forester for their lands, at Palmerton, Carbon
county to whicli a visit of inspection had been made last year. It
resulted in the recommendation of John W. Seltzer, a Pennsylvania
forester, who was then in the employ of the Davy Institute of Tree
Surgery. Mr. Seltzer afterward was appointed to the position and

is still serving in that capacity. ^ . ^ x n

The Lincoln International Chautauqua Association desired a talk
on forestrv at their meeting in Smethport, McKean county, and on
August 5th Mr. Wirt was present for this purpose, delivering an ad-
dress on the subject of ijeneral conservation and an illustrated talk
on Pennsvlvanin* Forestrv. From this place he went to Franklin-
ville, N Y., where a similar talk on Forest Preservation was given.

52

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

No. 28.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

93

On August 8th an inspection of the woodland belonging to Messrs.
F. M. Cresson and Caleb Cresson, eTr., was made, in company with the
Deputy Commissioner, at Oaks. The advantages and disadvantages
of the situation were exjjilained to the owners and a written report
rendered to them later.

The summer meeting of the Pennsylvania foresters was held this
year at Mont Alto, and on August 12th the Forest Inspector met the
foresters and delivered to them an address on the early forest work
at Mont Alto. At the same time Dr. Eothrock reviewed his early work
in forestry and Prof. Roth of Michigan University spoke on ^The De-
velopment of Forestry in the United States.'^ Various plantations
and other operations were visited and studied. Valuable data are
now available as a result of this work and it should be collected and
made available as soon as possible.

On August 2 , 1913, Mr. Wirt, in company with Foresters McNeal
and Mustin, went to Pittsburgh to install the Department exhibit in
the buildings of the Western Pennsylvania Exposition Society. Mr.
McNeal and Mr. Mustin remained in Pittsburgh to the close of the
exhibit, October 18th.

On the 9th of October a small tract of land near Tamaqua was in-
spected and assistance rendered. This land had been donated to the
local civic club for park purposes. At the same time a visit was made
to the State Hospital at Coaldale, and plans were discussed relating
to the planting of the hospital grounds with forest tree seedlings.

On the invitation of Mr. Herbert R. Green and Mr. Henry Green of
Reading, an inspiection was made on October 10th of lands lying on
Mt. Penn and Mt. Neversink near Reading. The owners have in mind
the development of the mountains as a part of the suburbs of Reading.
Suggestions were made to the owners, but all matters of this char-
acter are now in the hands of the City Planning Commission.

On the same day a visit was made to the property of the Galen
Mountain Company near Wernersville, where a study was made of
their tract of red cedar and juniper. Suggestions were made respec-
ting the treatment of the woods and the handling of the tract and a
written report rendered.

On October 15th an examination was made of a 20-acre tract of land
belonging to Hon. Richmond L. Jones of Reading. Mr. Jones is a
member of the Valley Forge Park Commission. It is the desire of the
owner to maintain the tract in forest growth and to this end intro-
duce some new trees, principally oaks.

On October 16th an examination was made of a 200-acre tract at
Summerville for Mr. T. A. Eshleman. The woodland was found to
be in need of improvement and the necessary recommendations were

made to the owner. Thence to Redbank and Pittsburgh, where the
Forest Inspector was in attendance at the exhibit of the Department
maintained at the exposition, and helped to repack material and ship
it back to Harrisburg.

On November 11th, in company with the Commissioner of Forestry,
the Depiuty Commissioner, and a representative of the United States
Forest Service, an inspection was made at Mt. Gretna to determine
the condition of railroad ties, posts, and rails affected with chest-
nut blight. The ties were laid under the tracks of the Cornwall and
Lebanon Railroad, and the posts and rails were planted in a field be-
longing to Mr. E. A. Weimer. This experiment is to determine the
effect of the fungous disease upon such materials in ordinary use, and
to learn whether or not the disease is detrimental to material cap-
able of such use. To date the experiment showed that the wood is in
no worse condition than the checks which were free of the disease.

At the request of members of the P. O. S. of A. at Mont Alto, an
address was delivered to this order on the evening of December lOth,
the subject being "General Conservation and the Prevention of

Waste."

In addition to the work of inspection and writing reports on the
result of his studies, the Forest Inspector has examined numerous
tracts of land which have been offered for sale to the Commonwealth,
has assisted the foresters in their work, has helped to make estimates
of standing timber on State land, has revised the forms in use in the
Department, originated several designs for posters, stickers, and ad-
vertising material, and assisted with such technical work as came to
hand. He has given considerable time to the study of classification
of the work of the Department and submits an outline relating to the
c' ^.^'on of bureaus to care for specific divisions of the work of the
Dt tment. As a result of the recommendations made, a number
of them have been put into practice and are found to be working satis-
factorily. The suggestions and recommendations are as follows:

In the Matter of the Creation of Bureaus to Care for Specific Di-
visions of Work in the Department of Forestry.

1. Utilization: To include a wood survey of the State and all

data respecting the demand for the use of wood by wood-
using industries.

2. Education and Cooperation: To include everything re-

lating to the library, the forestry exhibit, photographs,
items for the newspapers, and the collection of statistics re-
lating not only to Pennsylvania, but to other states and to
the United States.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

55

54

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

3. Inspection and Reserve Management: To include and super-
vise some system of bookkeeping, as a card system, and to
be introduced systematically on the reserves, and to furnish
the necessary material for doing bookkeeping; and assis-
tance to the foresters in doing the work.

The following items of general forest management ought to be
acted upon without delay, and are necessarily precedent to any of the
activities mentioned above:

(a) The naming of the reserves and establishing temporarj

boundaries until surveys can be completed, and then
the definite marking of the exterior boundary.

(b) The making of a forest map of the State, to be done

upon a plan somewhat similar to that which was em-
ployed by the Pittsburgh Flood Commission in the
western counties.

(c) A division of the State into districts with a district

forester located at some prominent point in each dis-
trict, who shall concern himself with all material of
education, the collection of data, the keeping of the
forest map to date, cooperate in fire protection, the in-
spection of the work of fire wardens, to be at the head
of the Department's fire patrol service in his district,
and to have general charge and oversight of the aux-
iliary forest reserves.

(d) To devise a new system of filing letters, to be filed by

individuals and cross referenced according to sub-
ject, using carbon copies instead of our present letter
copjying books.

(e) Reports and correspondence relating to reserves to be

filed in connection with the records of each reserve.

4. Protection: To include everything relating to fire and fire

wardens, grazing, insects, fungi, birds, and parasites.

5. Silviculture and Mensuration: To have charge and oversight

of the experimental plots, growth data, nursery inspection,
classification, and plant life of the State as related to its
forests ; also the prosecution of a systematic forest survey of
the reserves, and making of stock maps, and the collection
of necessary data in relation thereto.

I. C. W. from notes of G. H. W.

June, 1912.

For a considerable time Mr. Wirt has been engaged in making a
study of systems in vogue in the office, and on July 30th, 1912, ren-

No. 26.

dered a report looking to a more orderly conduct of the Department

routine. The report as submitted on this branch of his work is as

follows:

"This Department has been in the lead in forestry work for a
considerable length of time, but it is now at a stage when much more
act've work and at the same time broader work must be done. The
Srtment has continually stood for the idea that forestry is a busi^
npT S is true both in the forest and in the administrative duties
of the Defar ment. ^There is every reason, then, why the Depar meiit
sLuld S abreast of the times in business methods both m the of-
fice and^th^^^^^^^^ of the reserves. At the same time it must
nremre to mLt the broader field opening before it. No better time
clX foundThan the present, for every month lost now means that
much more difficulty in adjusting back records to such forms that
they may be of most value in the future.

"New System of Office Letter Filing.

"The methods of filing letters and papers in this office are not con-
sistent with the best devised methods. They ^^e ,^^^"^^ersome and
very inconvenient for rapid use. Letters should be filed alphabetically
[nXad oraccording to date. Carbon copies of letters should be made
instead ^f us^Vfopy press book, so that a letter a^d its reply may
he filed toSer and at any time the complete correspondence with
any SivSal^ on any subject may be instantly found and consecu-
S S"^^^ to several letter books and an inde-

finite search for original letters.

"Naming of Reserves and Filing Material Relating Thereto.

"Fnr a better handling of reserve correspondence, reports, etc., it
is it LpoSnt "hat t'he reservation lands be e^i^i-ed oareMly
and reserves determined and named. It is recognized that the boun
daJies and Jrobably the name may be temporary ;ne.erthel^s^^
thing definite for the present should be adoprted. Tn the future it win
be a simple matter of bookkeeping to shrift accounts and records.
Under prienTconditions definiteness is lacking in -"«« J^ca ions.
DuDlicate charges, duplicate records, and omissions are likely to re-
?uT A separate file should be had for reserve material together with
its own index.

"Explanation to Accompany Forms.

"A business cannot be most successful ^'t|»«"; .;y^^?!",,^"j;',ted'
counts and records, and even though a perfect f^^tem is e ah^ratert,

the men who are expected to use it «>"«*"" wWh S f orosrers are
The Department now has a great many forms ^.'^l^l'^/f .^°[;',7,'
expected to use. .^^^ck of adequ te e^^^^^^^^^

SS at"t™l?accr;anTtrj\™^^^ ^-

spiection and checks to see that the instructions are carried out.

58

REPORT OF THE

Oflf. Doc

"Keeping of Records on Reserves.

"In this connection it becomes necessary to insist upon records of
all transactions occurring on a reserve being kept in the office of the
forester on the reserve: Forms and explanations may be furnished,
but this is not enough. A cabinet should be furnished in which papers
may be kept and this file should correspond to the system used in the
Department offices.

"A system of accounting has been formulated and will be presented
in detail. This system should be considered immediately and put into
force, the necessary supplies obtained and put into the hands of the
foresters.

"Bureaus in Department.

"For a broader development of the Department efforts, it is re-
commended that there be certain bureaus established to develop and
paish work of particular kinds.

I. Inspection of Private Tracts and Reserve Management.

"The difficulty with the majority of the foresters in the field has
been that they have been at a loss, as beginners, to know just what
and how to do on their respective reserves. There has been plenty of
sympathy and leniency with them, but that does not help them with
their work. It only makes it harder for them to make good. The
work is new to most Americans and at best is disheartening. Instead
of turning a forester loose on a reserve, conditions should have been
studied by one of wider experience, and work assigned definitely until
the young man can find himself. When work has been planned or
sanctioned, the Department should make every effort to supply neces-
sary instruments and then it should hold the forester strictly to ac-
count for the proper care of the instruments and the successful issue
of the operations.

"The present forest inspector should be assigned to this work,
being given necessary authority in the matter, and required, of course,
to make detailed reports of exact conditions and needs as he finds
them. In this bureau would be developed as raptidly as sufficient data
were collected, short period working plans of reserves or at least it
would pass upon working plans submitted by the foresters so that
a consistent forest policy may be adhered to.

"II. Education and Cooperation.

"Already a scheme for an educational bureau has been presented.
This phase of our work is fundamentally important and must not be
delayed longer. We cannot expect the people to get forestry know-
ledge of their own accord. The facts must be presented to them,
and it is far better that they be educated along proper lines than to
be misinformed as is so frequently the case.

"This bureau could cooperate with the Forestry Association, Con-
servation Association, Women's Clubs, and other organizations along
forestry lines, and systematize the efforts now being put forth at
random. Further, through this bureau could be developed the idea

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

W

of cooperative management of woodlots among farmers and other
small owners, or even among the larger owners, bringing to their at-
tention that the Department is willing to assist them free of charge.

"III. Silviculture and Mensuration.

"For a proper consideration and formulation of plans of forest
management it is necessary to know what is on the reserves. At
the present time the Department does not fully know what property
it has under its direction. Generalities should stop. It is important
that we get down to facts and then there is a foundation for work.
A forester, under present conditions, cannot make a satisfactory sur-
vey and collect the necessary data. One man can't do the work, and
the rangers are not capable of rendering all the assistance necessary.
It would be an unnecessary expense to buy enough instruments so
that each forester would have a set, but by obtaining the best instru-
ments possible for this bureau the forester in charge could begin at
once and with the foresters in the field work over the reserves, obtain
the required data, and make the required forest mapis in the draught-
ing room, here at headquarters. Further, this would insure uni-
formity, which is important. xx /i +^
"Silvicultural data of all kinds are lacking or so scattered as to
be of little value without a great loss of time to every one wanting the
information. Sample plots are being established on our reserves, and
data collected there should be systematized and classihed. ihis
bureau could take charge of such data and put them into usable shape.
Further, it could obtain satisfactory information along many de-
sirable ^ilcultural lines by keeping in touch with naturalists, bota-
nists, and students generally all over the State.

"IV. Utilization and Forest Map of State.

"For the last twenty-five years there has been an active forestry
propaganda in this State and there has been and is still great talk
about the destruction of forests, how much there was t^^J'tf/t ^^^^^^
and how much there is now, and how long what is left will last. All
this matter has been largely guess work. P'\P^^^J'}'^^''lJ^^^^
sents an important part of the government We ^f ^^« .^,^^^^^^^^
grounds for existence, but what are they? We suppose that tV.ei e is
an economic reason for the Department. The old idea that a forest
map of the State could not be completed before it y«"l^^^\,«^* f
date no longer holds. With the force at the disposal of the Depart-
ment such a map could be made in a short time, and each year with
little difficulty and expense, kept to date. . . x^^ n^n«^rv«

"Further, if our Department is to be of real service in the conserva-
tion of forests, a very practical line of work for it i« to get wood
utilizers and wood growers together to the advantage of both and to
the public at large. It is well known that what is waste at one plant
St be used very profitably at another, and that ^yhat is wasted at
"erta n f ore's^s and mills might profitably be used if a market were
known for it Also, that if certain individuals knew where raw raa-
tenTcouM be found they would put up establishments in those nef,
borhoods. This indicates not only a forest survey of the State but a
wood utilizing survey as well. If this line of action were explained

t

I

58

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc

to business men, it is believed that their earnest cooperation could be
obtained and the movement could not help but bring satisfactory re-
sults to the Department.

I'

I'l;

"V Forest Protection.

"Protection of forests always has been and always will be one of
the most important features of a State's forest policy. Forest fires
are the curse which brings disease, insects, adverse conditions with
reference to stream flow, and destruction of forests either directly or
indirectly. It has been a subject of forest legislation for a longer
period than any other pihase of the work, and yet today we are still
groping for a solution to the problem. To begin with, protection
should mean protection, not simply attack and extinction with con-
sequent damage to be suffered. Fires cannot be prevented entirely,
but they can be prevented from becoming large and from doing much
damage. The first stage in this work is education as to how fires are
started and the damage they do. This work can be handled by the
Educational Bureau when data are presented to it as collected by the
Protection Bureau. The second stage is a comprehensive system for
prevention of fires and rapid attack when they occur, all over the
State. Of course, legislation must be provided, but this must come
through education. The present fire warden arrangement can be made
effective only by using it to the best advantage during fire seasons.
This bureau" would work out the situations of the wardens with re-
ference to forests to be protected, and see that wardens and assis-
tants were properly located. Here the forest map of the State would
be valuable. High points would be chosen upon which watchmen
might be stationed, and it is reasonable to suppose that a few dollars
spent in this way will save many dollars on fire bills and thousands
of dollars in loss. Local organizations could be formed and a better
understanding could be had of what is needed and what is to be done
in case of fire. Many fire wardens know nothing of fighting fire and
little can be expected when neither warden nor employe know what to
do except to put in time. This bureau would get in touch with war-
dens and instruct them in every phase of their work. This bureau
would help individual foresters to work out systems of fire protection
on the reserves and collect valuable data in this connection for use
on lands not belonging to the State.

"Cooperation with railroads, lumbermen, and timber owners gener-
ally would be worked up and all phases of this subject studied and an
effort made to solve the problems in a practical and cheap way.

"Insects and fungi are constantly on the increase and it is time our
Department is getting in shape to handle this work. We cannot
leave it to the Zoological Division of the Agricultural Department.
It is distinctly a Forest Department work and we must face the public
squarely on the matter. Birds are on the decrease because of the
fires we let run. Means must be found to propagate insect eating
birds within the State and protection must be afforded them so that
they will always be present in numbers.

"Parasitic insects must also be bred and distributed. Thi^s may
appear to be an unneeded step into the future, but the demands are
upon us now. The hickories, oaks, maples, pines are being attacked

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

59

No. 26.

visorously and are dying rapidly. People are asking for help and if
wfare really anxious to save trees and forests, we must soon be ready
To m^t the attack and if possible prevent future ones. Planting
t^ees will do us no good if we can't protect what we have or expect to
have It will be so much money thrown away. ^ . ^ *

"tt present the Department collects statistics of wood cut and of
for^s fire losses. The law calls for them, but ^f ; J>tl^^r things as we^^^
Until we know what material we have on hand it makes little differ-
ence alto how much or how little is used. The fire reports are made
bv owners who at times underestimate and at times over-estimate the
loss occasioned. Not all fires are reported and each loss reported is
counted as one fire and then the data are recorded as seems best to

^'^^We^^l^^^^^^^^^^ collected they would be of value taken

with other data, as for example, the forest map of the State the wood
utilizing industries, their needs, etc. For the collection of all such
data, for the inspection of fire wardens and their work, for carrying
on general forestry educational work, for rendering assistance to
private individuals; and to take charge of auxiliary forests as rapidly
as they are established under the law, or of Privately estabh^^^^
forests under forestry management by one respionsible to this Depart-
ment which accomplishes the same thing, except assistance in taxes
wMchTs offset by assistance in care and protection, the State should
be divided into districts according to counties or larger divisions and
a representative (forester) of this Department placed in charge. This^
too is going to take an appropriation, but suppose the auxiliary re-
serve bills pass, how does the Department expect to take care of ihe
work ^ The condition of affairs now is that forests which are m-
soected by the present forest inspector are not being cared for accord-
iS his instructions because they are too small to stand the expense
of an expiert the owners do not have time to superintend the work
?LmseTv^ or are at a loss to know how to do even with written in-
strTctions before them. Likewise, plantations are made but impro-
perW Failures result and then the trees and the forestry work in
general receive a setback in the community. This proposition should
be carefully considered and steps made as soon as possible to put it

^^^Anv^or all of these changes mean additional help in the offices of
the Department, and that means more room. This Department can
show material gains for everything it has done and if its work is made
known and its demands set forth, there is every reason to suppose that
satisfactory arrangements can be provided and funds as well.

^F^Uo^ng studies thus made for greater efficiency both within the
office of the Department, the offices of the foresters, and within the
State forests, a schedule of supplies and other necessary material
was prepiared. From a careful survey of the noeds of this service it
is believed that this schedule forms a nocossaiy basis of niiaterial
which should be in the possession of (^ach forester in order that he
may be able to do his work with the greatest economy of time and
highest efficiency in records and results.

i

60

REPORT OF THE

Oflf. Doc.

No. 26.

STATEMENT OF SUPPLIES NEEDED BY EACH FORESTER

FOR RECORDS AND RECORD FILE.

In order that the business affairs in connection with the manage-
ment of a forest reserve may be properly and systematically re-
corded and filed for future reference, it is necessary that the proper
material be supplied to each of the foresters by the Department of
Forestry. It is not reasonable to expect the forester to have his de-
partment affairs in anything like systematic shape nor for
all of the foresters to have similar arrangements when each man
is allowed to do as he thinks best and is required to furnish material
at his own expense. It is, therefore, requested that the following
list of supplies be purchased at once for each forester and sent to
him with proper instructions concerning the methods which are
to be used in his work.

1 Library Bureau— '^Demf' horizontal unit comprising:
1 Cornice Top unit.
1 Three-drawer 3x5 card index unit.
1 Two-drawer 5x8 card index unit.
1 Six-drawer Legal Blank unit.
1 One-drawer Correspondence Vertical File unit.
1 One-drawer Legal size Vertical File unit.
1 Low Base unit with castors.

1 Set Manila Guides— 120 A-Z— Celluloid Tabs cut 5th, 3" x 5",

No. 1 grade.
Blank 1-3 Ruling— White, Medium weight, 3" x 5" cards.
Blank Manila Guides cut 3rds, 5" x 8", No. 1 grade.
Ledger Cards, Medium weight. Two colunms for figures on debit

and credit sides of centre, rule on both sides — white — 5" x 8".
Ledger Cards, Medium weight, 4 columns for figures at right

side of card— ruled on both sides, Blue, 5" x 8".
Ledger Cards, as next above, Salmon, 5" x 8".
Set Manila Guides, letter size, 25 A-Z cut 3rd.
Right Tab Folders, letter size, medium weight.
Blank Manila Guides, cut 3rds, cap size.
Right Tab Folders, cap size, medium weight.
Box Carter's Gossamer Carbon Paper, 8^ x 14".
Box Carter's Gossamer Carbon Paper, 8J" x 11".
doz. Indelible Pencils,
sheets Letter Copy Paper, yellow.
Special Ruled Day Book.

1000
100
200

500

500
1

100
50

100
1
1
1
1000
1

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. 61

1 box W. S. & B. Paragon paper, ruled. No. 3^.
1 box Clips.

G. H. W.
October 28, 1912,

As a result of all his observations and study, the Forest Inspector
makes the following recommendations as being among the first needs
for the further development of the work of this service:

1. Fully equipped bureaus to handle branches of the Department

work.

2. A more careful development and improvement of roads. Pub-

lic roads within the State forests should be under the care
of the Department and the two cents per acre per year
paid to road districts should be eliminated.

3. Stock maps should be completed at an early date and data

as to the stock collected and put into usable form. Utiliza-
tion and protection to be proceeded with and developed.
Telephones and outlook stations with easy access thereto
form the first element in protection.

4. Complete utilization data for the purpose of handling future

forest activity and the encouragement of utilization plants
either upon the State forests or nearby for the absorption
of forest material which cannot bear a high transportation

charge.

5. The building of foresters' and rangers' homes in the most

advantageous places as rapidly as funds will permit

6. The placing of some officer directly in charge of the forest

fire fighting system and the developing of this system to
a higher plane of efficiency.

7. A study of the damage wrought by attacks of insects and

fungi and the development of a bureau in the Department
having to do with investigations of this kind of work, and a
studying out of the means of applying remedies.

8. The advisory care and supervision by the Department of

Forestry of large tracts of land in connection with State
institutions, particularly wooded areas, so that such land
may be brought to its highest productive capacity to yield
revenue for State purposes.

9. A free application of the District ForeF^tor art, whicli waits

principally upon the necessary moans to develop this branch
of the service.
10. Improvement and enlargement of the Department's Forestry
Exhibit.

jdl^i

il^^i'

62

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc

^1 I

11. The publication of a monthly bulletin devoted to educational
work in forestry and the use of such other materials as
will bring the cause of forestry more prominently before
the people. The publication of all the papers of the first
Forestry Commission in pamphlet form is recommended.
12. A better system of accounting to be made uniform through-
out all State forests.

13. A system of inspection which amounts to the ordinary busi-
ness follow-up system for the purposes of keeping in more
intimate touch with the foresters, rangers, and forest em-
ployes.

All the forms in use in the Department following Mr. Wirf s study
and recommendations have been revised and many new ones added.
An outline for annual reports was prepared and has been sent to
all foresters, enabling them to prepare their reports in a manner
which shall be uniform for all. From time to time this material
will need revision. At present it is included in what is known as
Forester's Manual Part I, December 1912.

The checking up of the monthly reports of foresters and rangers
and the proper division of time so reported for proper charge and
credit in foresters' records, has been undertaken and is now working

satisfactorily.

On January 1, 1913, the new system of filing Department cor-
respondence and records was installed. All correspondence relating
to a forest is now found under that division. The fire warden cor-
respondence is likewise filed separately and is of ready access.

In the latter part of 1912 a co-operative project with the U. S.
Forest Service was developed whereby a study of the wood-using
industries of the State was undertaken and will be published by the
Department. This will contain valuable data of use to all persons
who are employed in the marketing, handling, or manufacture of
wood. It will be bulletin or publication No. 9 of the Department.

In January, 1913, Forester II. Lynn Emerick was detailed from
his headquarters at Crossfork to the Department to develop certain
educational work then being undertaken. W. G. Conklin, forester
on the Jacks Mountain Division of the Seven Mountain Forest, was
detailed to the office for silvicultural and mensuration work. N. R
McNaughton, Forester at Karthaus, Clearfield county, has collected
a large number of measurements of white pine in Cameron county
and came to the Department to work uj> his material in December,
1912. Messrs. Emerick and McNaughton arranged and indexed the
photographic negatives and prints in possession of the office, using
for this purpose upwards of 3,000 index cards. Copies of all prints

No. 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. «

have now been mounted in permanent form upon boards 22 x 28 inches
in size, making all photographs by subjects readily accessible.

A distinctly healthy feeling with the various railroad companies
of the State has been developed, and many of them have entered
heartily into a co-operative eliort to prevent forest fires along their
right of way and consequent foiest destruction. They have very
treely put up the warning notices supplied by the Department and
posted them freely on railroad property. The D. L. & W. railroad,
the B. R. & P., and the B. & O. have each printed facts in their
folders and publications respecting the prevention of fire and the
losses occasioned by the careless use oi tiie. Posters and circulars
relating to forest fires and forest uses may be had upon application

to the Department.

In order that a uniform method of cutting timber might be
followed by the foresters in doing improvement work and by con-
tractors removing timber under the direction of foresters, the fol-
lowing rules have been prepared for governing this work :

GENERAL RULES FOR CUTTING TIMBER.

1. All dead and down timber shall be utilized to the fullest extent.

2. All trees which are decaying either at the base or in the top

shall be removed.

3. All trees which are badly injured and are likely to decay

in the near future shall be removed.

4. Wolf trees or those with large spreading crowns occupying

too much ground to the exclusion of others shall be re-
moved.

5. No tree under 12 inches in diameter inside bark at one foot

above ground shall be cut unless coming within the classes

above.

6. Stumps shall be cut as close to the ground as possible and un-

der no circumstances shall any stump be more than one foot
above ground.

7. Felling shall be done by axe and saw, the axe being used

for only so much notching as may be necessary.

8. Cutting into lengths shall be done by saw.

9. All trees cut shall be utilized as closely as possible.

10. Tops and branches shall be lopped in such manner that they
may come in close contact with the ground. They must
not be left in piles or wind rows.

64

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

65

11. Care must be taken not to injure sound young seedlings, sap-
lings, or trees in felling or in any other operation.
12. When a tree is felled it shall be worked up immediately so
as to release quickly any young growth upon which it may
have fallen.

13. No trees of value shall be used by operators in making roads,

bridges, or skidways except by special consent or by rea-
son of payment of full value thereof.

14. Any merchantable material cut and left in the forest shall

be paid for in the same manner and at the same rate as
that which is removed.

A Statement of the Iloads, Trails, and Fire Lanes constructed,
opened, or improved by Penns3-lvania State Foresters within the
State forests from the establishment of the Department to date.

IfilM.

Date.

1901,
1902,
1908.
'^,
60G.
•vOv«
1907,

i9oe.

1909.

:»io.

1911,
1912,
1913.

7S

176
250

325

406

530

685
1.318
2.182
3.341.4
4.228.41
5.621.1S

SEEDS FOR FOREST AND NURSERY PLANTING.

In the spring of 1912 the following seeds were sent to the foresters
named for planting either in the nurseries they maintain or for
broadcast and spot planting within the State forests. What of this
seed was not collected by tlie foresters themselves was purchased
by the Department.

Forester.

K

Si

a

i

3

*

u

rJ

5!

O.

a

d
a

■o

«3

11)

a

«

•«-•

3

^

u

.t-^

o

t4

<v

X3

a

c

Q*

t?

y.

u

— fl
. 3

4)

8

a .

i) a
Pi

K

3

.a

Q

u

a

a •
A a

CO

Zelgler,

Mulford

Ketan ••••

iJonklin, R. O.,

Avery

Uabtian,

Byers,

Dague

Elliott

Emerick

Evans

Jerald,

Kirk

Ludwlg

McNaughton, .

Miner.

Morton,
Rupp.
Seltzer,
Pox, . . .
Strobeck,
Vail, ...
Winter,
Mumma,

SilTiU8,

Smith...

• • • •
• • • • •

lbs

850

850

150

5

3

8

8

25

3

10

10

2

10
5
3
2
1

« • • •

3
5
20
5
1
4

r

c

1

982

cost.

$466 00

455 00

195 00

6 50

3 90

10 40

3 90

82 50

3 90

13 00

13 00

2 60
13 00

6 50

3 90

2 60
1 30

3 90
6 50

26 00
660
1 30
5 20
3 90
1 30

lbs.
60

50

10

2

3
10

8
8

cost.

$37 50

37 5(

7 5C

1 50

2 75
""2'2i

• •••■•••

••2 25
7 50

• •••••••

••••••••

• •••••••

lbs.
41
10
4i

i

■ • • •

• • • •

• • • •

• • • •

146

76

2 25
2 26

38
8 00

75
38

I • • •
I • • •

cost.

$4 61

9 50

4 51

48

••#•■«••

••••■•••

••••••••

••••••••

»•••■•••
••••••••

••••••••

••••••••

••••••••

••••••••

•»••■•••

bis.
10
20
10

i

2

li

• • • •

• • • •

1

1

cost.

$50 00

100 00

50 00

260

25 00

10 00
7 50

• ••••• 4

lbs

5

5

8

1

3

• • •

2

••••••••

600
500

• • • •

• • • •

• • • •

i

20

51J

••••••••

••••••••

• • • • •

1 26

• • • •

• • • •

• • « •

i
I
I
I
i
i
I
_l

26

cost.

$13 75

13 76

8 25

1 88

1 38
8 26
550

188

2 76
188

••••••••

lbs.
8i
8i
5
1

1 88
1 38
1 88
1 88
188
188
188
188

2
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1

41

cost.

$14 87

14 87

8 76

176

8S

850

88

860

860

176

88

175

88

. 176
176
176
176
176
176
176
88

Total seeds by weight, 1,2654 pounds.

Seeds were distributed during the year 1913 in like manner to the

foresters for the same purpose, as follows :

,

I

iS

s

g

•

si;

^

Forester.

0)

a

•

S

a .

o.^

iig

3

•si

sa

■sa

?^

^

»

s

iS

«
a

1-^
la

o

la

Bletscb. .:

Zlegler

Mulford

Conklin. R. G

rjlliott, • • •....•..

Eitnerick,

Uonpt

Irvin

Vail, ••«••••••••■••••••••••••

iuincr^ ••••••••••••*••••

Meek

Pox

Sheeler.

Hogentogler,

Kirk

Ryon

Silvius

Mueller

Winter

Conklin, R. S.,

lbs.

120
275
325
6
2
10
2
2
4
2
2
2
5
2Q
5
4
4
6
3
1
1

800

cost.

$162 00
371 2f
438 75
8 10
2 70
18 50
2 70
2 70
6 40
2 70
2 70
2 70
6 75
27 00
6 75
6 40

5 40

6 76
4 06
1 X
1 35

lbs.

• • • •

• • • •

8i

cost.

)••■••••

$34 00

»■••••••

• • • *

• • • • I • • <

• • • «

lbs.

• • • •

7

10

I

cost.

•••••••

$12 60

18 00

• • • •

• • • •

• • • •

8i

••••••••

••••••••

••••••••

••••••••

••••••••

• • • • • •• •

••••••••

•«•••■••

!••• t ••••••••

• • • •

• • • •

• • • •

• • • •

• • • •

• • • <
« • • <

• ••••■••

• ••••••'

••••••••

••••••••

••••••••

17

lbs.
5
511

811

10

• • ••

6
1

2
5

2C

• • • •

10
2
t
t

2

206

cost.

$4 25

43 77

69 27

170

850

4 25
88

170

425

17 00

860
170
266
856
170

lbs.

10

20

2SI

1

• • • •

• • • •

• • *

5
9

1
1
2
4

10
6
5
2
3
•

tti

cost.

$9 60

IS 00

21 85

96

475
190
95
96
190
880
9 50
4 76
475

1 90

2 85
886

96

Total seeds by weight. 1,126| pound*.

5—26—1915

m

66

KEPOKT OF THE

Oflf. Doc.

STATE FOllEST NURSERIES.

The Mont Alto Nursery, 1912.

On September 1, 1912, Mr. George A. Retan, a graduate of the
State Forest Academy, was detached from the Greenwood nursery
and placed in charge at Mont Alto nursery. He was also assigned
work in the Academy.

Two problems of the Mont Alto nursery are soil and weeds. The
heavy clay of a part of the nursery is not yet sufficiently modified
and coniferous seedlings do not do well in it, although hardwoods
succeed. The breaking down of this heavy soil is begun and will
be continued until a better condition is obtained. Green manure
and barn-yard manure have been employed in this effort and forest
humus is to be added.

The little Brazilian weed, Galinsoga parviflora, has taken posses-
sion and is difficult to eradicate. The difficulty of the problem is
increased because the plant is so common in the neighborhood.

In the autumn 125 bushels of walnuts were planted in the nursery
and one-half acre set to white oak acorns. The need at present is
hardwood seed. There remains a small area fitted only for growing
hardwood seedlings.

The broadcast seed sowing in 1912 has been successful. Little
trouble was had with the damping-off fungus, due in part to the re-
moval of the cause. The germination percentage was high and
the present stand promises well for 1913. An inventory of the stock
based on minimum rather than maximum figures, is as follows, taken
in the fall of 1912:

Growing Stock.

Black cherry, 1 year, 2,000

White Oak, 1 year, 2,000

Ash, 1 year, 5,000

Black walnut, 1 year, 6,000

Willow cuttings, 5,000

White pine, 2 year, 220,000

Privet cuttings, 6,000

Scotch pine, 2 year, .• 7,000

Transplants White pine, 1-2 years, 7,000

Norway spruce, 2 year, 72,000

^^ 26 DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

Honey locust, 1 year, ^^^^

Sycamore, 1 year, ^^

Red pine, 1 year ••• ^

Norway spruce, 2-1, ^

White pme, 1-1, '

Douglas fir, 1 year, '

White pine, 1 year, ^WJJ

European larch, 1 year, '

The money value of the above stock is f 3,000.00.

67

THE MONT ALTO NURSERY, 1913.

Mr Retan, the forester in charge has been making detailed
studies of the raising of a number of particular species. As a result
of his studies he submits a report, of which the following contains
the essential features:

"A study of the inventory and cost accounts appended will show
that the nursery work has not been so successful as last year. This
has been due t^ three very evident causes which are discussed in

*^%'he first of these is poor white pine seed. White pine is the
spedes on which the Department is basing its hopes of successful
refo estiTg and the species which the^nurseryman is asked to pro-
dure at a low cost per thousand. He cannot do this with poor
S It costi a certain amount for the twenty ounces of seed used
on a beS. It costs one dollar to get this seed to the germination
nni«t Tt costs $150 to care for that bed during the year. It
£> l"o Totl.50 Sr that bed for supervision water s^^^^^^^^
capital invested. In other words, that bed costs 'f^O J^^'^t^Xce
produces one thousand or ten thousand plants^ IL "ust have a
k onn nlants if the bed is to pav for itself. The seed must nave a
Sination percentage of 60-70% to produce these trees and allow
L™normKss. Vt this is not the end. The ^ong ^-^^^^
careful experiments of investigators have shown that not only the
germination percentage is of value, but that ^e weight and «ize of
the seed influence the growth of the seedling and of the ^«ng t"-^
In other words, the quality of the seed may determine the success

"^'?n"bu?ing :Sff sourTe, age, storage, and number of grains per
pound should be considered. The experiments of Ciesler and others
carried on through a period of twenty-five ^^ars have proved that
seed from other than local sources produces branchy, stunted, poor,
treJs. To important is this regarded that even European s^deale^^^^

acknowledge it and guarantee ««"'-<=l«^^l" i^^S |ervke as
centaffe Aee is self evidently important. The For^t bervice as
Sal European investigatorsLve found certain definite germination
ratios corr^pording with age and storage conditions. Haak and

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

<!M

)i)

Bates are quoted. In case of germination immediately upon removal
from cones, seed drier than air germinates more vigorously. On the
other hand, after several months air tight storage, the dry seed wm
have deteriorated and the moist improved. Seed ^^^l^lJ^lf^"^
content equal to the normal air content, stored in air tight recepta-
cles is so much better than seed stored under any other conditions,
that this should be the only method followed. Of seed which ger-
minates better, a larger percentage of the germinated Plants survive
nermanent out-planting. Poorer seed produces poorer seedlings.
"^ "Past experience would seem to show that these facts had been
disregarded in seed buying. The seed received last yea^- was very
dry, the kernel was shrunken and usually yellowish. As a result,
germination was slow, uneven, and poor. A large proportion of the
seed still appears to be in living condition and may germinate m
??sprin/ If so, this would require holding the beds over another
vear and be expensive. The seed received so far this year appears
IZ'e s^mifar or Ten worse, as far as can be ascertained from the

"""i^feSd cause for failure is found in the soil conditions. This
season the poorer portions of the coniferous sections were used.
Although gre^n and stable manure had been plowed under on the
arS the soTwas still far too heavy and stifif. The charcoal was
Ztin tried on twenty-two beds in the worst portion with markedly
bfneflciai rZlts. Germination was no better, but the loss has been
£ and the s^lings are much stockier and have better color. Char-
cZ will be CvUy applied to over one hundred beds the coming
seaLr It is undoubtedly the only known cure for the soil conditions
of thTs nursery There is a ouestion as to whether the charcoal acts
nurelT La physical mannef-or whether a possible ash content aids^
The charcoal used this year is pure charcoal from the old furnace
Se with no pSle ash content and the results will indicate which
to usiln the future Pure charcoal can be obtained much more easily

ffE^^i^ woiKa^^ br Ut^r^r s-^

dollar l»f-.T^rfipTst the application of sodium nitrate as atop

have visU^ the Greenwood Nursery, comparing results, and find

*Xe N™ Sprucf beds are very fair. Germination was excel-
lant The St beds to germinate suffered severely from damping

Ke a goodtand S t^hVfvefage i^ fair. The Larch is also

^'*"An experiment in transplanting Black Walnut was tried. It is

f„„^d that at the end of the second year a large percentage of the

ap roots injuri in transplanting are decaying. This would indi-

1 I

'>V^"/ ■'

V.-:C

I ':

t'^^_

A';' -. .

•: v\

A. ,

, ,>A

CO
Oi

CO

a

o
o

o

en

s

^0. 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. »

cate that the raising of Black Walnut in the nursery is unwise. The
nuts should be planted directly into the permanent site.

4his nursery as has been pointed out before, is well adapted to
raise ash oakf 'and other hardwoods. More seed of these species
should be sent here from the State forests. This year none has been

""^^^Thf 'fight against the weed Galinsoga parvifloraha^ been vig-
orously waged Results cannot be had before another year. The
aSpt To hold this weed in check was responsible for an increase
of S to poo over the cost of holding the ordinary weeds in sub-

^^"^^A ""comparison with last year's report will show about twice as
much student labor used. An attempt has been made to have as
much work as practicable done by the students, consistent with their
XerTctivities They have done all the different kinds of work.

^4 better system of cost keeping has been developed. This is
shown in the more complete report appended. To this end a new
form has been found advantageous. This can be filed by charges
and take the place of a ledger, at the same time giving a history of
every section of the nursery throughout the year We believe tliis
form merits attention. It requires no more labor each day and
saves time at the end of the month.

1913 Balance.

Labor, teams and students,, ^^'m\ 22

Fixed charges and supervision, 97 01

Incidental expenses, * ' * ^^ ^8

Seed, • 1*5 30

1912 charges to 1913 account, ^"^ '^ $43 10

Charge to capital, 07 41

Carried to 1914 account gg ^

Shipping, spring of 1913, ^2 90

Potatoes , 151

Silvicultural experiments, ^

Foreign seed experiments, »>7»5 47

1912 white pine, 1913 account, 39 05

Black walnut, 75 95*

White oak, :"\"v: 4 64

White pine transplants 1-1, 18 56*

Willows, '" '....'.... 20 32I

White' pine and Norway spruce transplants 2-2, ^ ^

Norway spruce transplants 1-1, ^ ^^

White spruco and Bnlsam fir, 12 93

Blnrk walnut transplants 1-1 , , (hr ^Ql

White pine, 1913 beds, '245 461

Norway spruce , 1913 beds, 47 98A

Larch,* 1913 beds, 539

P. rigida, failure,

$2,373 14 $2,373 14

Detailed Expenses and Charges.

Fixed Charges and Supervision, ^^^ ^2 ^ ^

Forester, .....; 9 75

Roads and drains, ' 44 85

Land, * " 1500

Writer system, 33 07

Tools , J44 25

Shndes and stakes, 732

Buildings and grounds,

70

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

Total Overhead Charges, ^^^ 25J

Fixed charges as above,

Current Expenses:

Roads and drains,

Charcoal,

Water system,

Tools,

Compost,

Shades and stakes,

Buildings and grounds,

Bookkeeping supplies,

654 22

28 82

44

3 76

10 42

20 35

10 13

82 86J

4 25

Labor, Teams and Students.
(Student labor counted at 14c. per hour.)

March,

April,

May,

June,

July,

August,

September,

October,

November,

December,

Unaccounted-for,

Team.

Students.

$21 56

$5 54

54 97

3 80

91 49

5 40

34 80

2 61

17 08

2 16

31 32

3 08

36 39

5 76

9 59

2 43

11 55

1 58

13 79

•
• • • •

52

$32 36 $323 06

Payroll.

Total for year.

$48 46
236 40
189 75
134 56
128 40
45 56
33 28

$816 41

$1,171 83

Inventory and Costs. Ready to Plant.

Expense
1912.

2-yr. Douglas fir, Est. 10,000 ^J^ ^

2-yr. Scotch pine, Est. 2,000, ^« ^

1-yr. White onk Est. 25,000: ^ .-

Seed and planting, ^ ^"^

Cultivation

Overhead charges,

Total

1 yr. Black walnut. Est, 15,000:

Seed and planting,

Cultivation

Overhead charges,

40 71

• •••••••••

• ■•••'

Total cost.

2 yr. White pine. Est. 1,000,000: 1,800 used:

First year expense, ^"^*^ ""

Protoction ,

Weeding ,

Paths,

Overhead charges,

Total cost,

2 yr. White pine i Trans. Est. 2,000. .... . . A

Norway spruce i Trans. Est. 2,000,. . .jMixed,

19 69

Cost to date ••••• iiK'nA

2 yr. Black walnut 1-1 Trans. Est. 3,000, . $15 00

Transplanting and cultivation ,

Cost to date,

Expense
1913.

$55 9.5*
20 00

$99 4U

$19 05
20 00

$79 76

$7 82
105 28

54 m

407 62J
$1,92,5 47

$2 38

$22 07

'$i2'93'

$27 93

I

^^ 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. 71

Expense Expense

1912. 1913.

I Vr. luX'an^ufrch, 'Er'3;500 niw 'in 'bed ;* I'siio' shipped and ^' ^

used; total, 5,300, -

To Remain in Nursery.

1 yr. Norway spruce, 52 beds 100 sq. ft.. Est. 250,000:

Making beds and mulching, ^° ^

Protection, ;; ;;;;:;;; gl 67

Weedmg, 4373

Seed , 5 ^

Winter covering, 57 77

Overhead charges, .

Total to date, ^^^^ ^^

1 yr. European Larch, 10 beds 100 sq. ft.. Est. 30,000:

Making beds and mulching, 34*

Protection, 6 85

Weeding, ;; 1900

Seed, gi

Winter covering, ^q qq

Overhead charges, .

Total to date, ^'^ ^^

1 yr. White pine 228 beds. Est. 400,000:

Making, sowing, and mulching, ^^ J°|

Protection, ;•; ;;;;;;;; 132304

Weeding, jg 33

Paths, •;; ;;;;;;;: 372 oo

Seed, 2145

Covering for winter, 248 96

Overhead charges,

Total to date, ^^^^ ^

2 yr. Norway spruce 1-1 Trans. Est. 4,000; 20,000 transplanted.

Heavy loss because of dwarfed root systems, • i^ ^^

2yr. White pine 1-1 Trans. Est. 1,000; 2 yr. seedlings-culls
from 1912 area Est. 100,00(>-to be transplanted spring

1914, ^^

Willows: ^ , g^

Previous charges, ^jo coi

1913 charges, ° *^

Credit by 44,800 cuttings at 60c, 26 88 ^

Credit by 44,800 cuttings at 60c, 26 88 $40 2&i

Carried to 1914, m»m

Privet J

Est. 5,000 roots, k\mki ^^0 32^

Total previous charges, v^"' ^' ^

Total, ^^^^ ^^

Credit by: *_ ^« a oa

R. S. Conklin, 875 plants at $o^, ^f

E. A. Ziegler, 250 plants at $5.00, { ^

N. R. McNaughton, 200 plants at $5.00, iw

Nursery 5,000 at $5.00 to Capital under Grounds, ^^ ^ ^^ gg

Total cost carried forward, ^^ ^

\'

72

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

The nursery inventory as of December, 1913, shows the following
stock to be on hand :

Hardwoods suitable for 1914 planting :

. Walnut, 1 year, • f^^

White oak, 1 year, 25,0UU

Walnut, 1-1 year, J^""

Sycamore, 2 years, ^^'"""

Conifers suitable for 1914 planting:

European larch, 2 years, ^^^^^

Scotch pine, 2 years, J JJ"

Norway spruce, 1-2 year, A"^"

White pine, 1-2 year, A«""

Douglas fir, 2 years, i noo 000

White pine, 2 years, 1,000,000

Also the following seedlings suitable for forest planting after 1914:

Norway spruce, 1 year, 250,000

Norway spruce, 1-1 year, *'

White pine, 1 year, ^ JJ

White pine, 2 years, W^U

White pine, 1-1 year, ^^^

European larch, 1 year, ^"»"""

In addition to the above there is on hand a large stock of privet
and willow suitable for cuttings or root plants.

Shipments from this nursery are shown elsewhere in the report on
^^State Forest Planting."

THE GREENWOOD NURSERY, 1912.

The nursery in this division was established in 1906, at which
time it was not more than one-fourth of an acre in extent It has
since been enlarged to 2i acres. An inventory of the seed in gs m
the nurserv at the end of the growing season for 1912, is as follows.

j^^, 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

White pine, 3 years, 60,000

White pine, 2 years, 460,000

White pine, 1 year, 600,000

Red pine, 2 years, 14,000

Red pine, 1 year, 50,000

Scotch pine, 2 years, 50,000

Scotch pine, 1 year, 15,000

Norway spruce, 1 year, 40,000

European larch, 1 year, 10,000

73

1,299,000

Shipments from this nursery are shown elsewhere in the report
on "State Forest Planting."

THE GREENWOOD NURSERY, 1913.

This year the nursery was enlarged to 3 acres. It is divided intc
G sections, and with the water system each section may be treated
separately. Fertilizer experiments outlined by Prof. Netoffsky are
being carried on. The seedlings available for planting from this
nursery in the spring of 1914, are as follows :

White pine, 2 years, 400,000

Red pine, 2 years, 40,000

Scotch pine, 2 years, 10,000

Norway spruce, 2 years, 20,000

European larch, 2 years, 6,000

White pine, 2-1 years, ....; 11,000

Red pine, 2-1 years, 9,500

Scotch pine, 2-1 years, 3,000

Black walnut, 1 year, 8,300

California privet, 5,430

Black cherry, 170 513,400

The least cost for growing any of the above per thousand is J1.58
for the two year old red pines. The greatest cost is |5.09 per thou-
sand for the black walnut.

111!

Hi' il

74

REPOllT OF THE

Off. Doc.

THE ASArH NURSERY, 1912.

The Asaph Forest Nursery is located within the Stone State
forest, Asaph division, forester Mulford being in charge. On April
1st, 1907, it was begun with an area of 5 acres, 2^ being under culti-
vation that year. It has since been enlarged to 20 acres, with
13 now under cultivation.

The seed planted in this nursery during the year, was as follows

European larch, 10 pounds.

White spruce, 50 pounds.

Red pine, 20 pounds.

White pine, 356| pounds.

Scotch pine, 8 pounds.

Douglas fir, 5 pounds.

Sugar maple, 208 pounds.

Chestnut, 45 pounds.

White ash, 834 pounds.

Honey locust, 4J pounds,

Black walnut, 2 bushels.

Red elm, 3^ pounds.

Black cherry, 315^ pounds.

At the end of the 1912 growing season an inventory of seedlings
in the nursery shows the following stock on hand. The count wa<i
made by beds, or square foot rule, and an estimate made from the
averages:

White pine, 1 year, 1,256,215

Norway spruce, 1 year, 95,000

Red pine, 1 year, 54,000

Douglas fir, 1 year, 32,000

Scotch pine, 1 year, 60,000

European larch, 1 year, 12,000

Honey locust, 1 year, 3,500

Black walnut, 1 year, 700

White ash, 1 year, 24,000

White pine, 2 years, 912,000

Norway spruce, 1-1, 2,107

j^^ 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

Norway spruce, 2 years, : . . . 119,000

Pitch pine, 2 years, 9,500

Red pine> 2 years, 36,300

European larch, 2 years, 9,200

Scotch pine, 2 years, 35,000

White oak, 2 years, 234

Sugar maple, 2 years, 7,000

White pine, 1-1, 24,157

Silver pine, 3 years, 35,500

White pine, 3 years, 927,420

Norway spruce, 3 years, 58,000

White pine, 2-1 years, 708,270

Norway spruce, 2-1 years, 38,234

White pine, 5 years, 500

Balsam fir, 5 years, 75

71

4,459,912

The seedlings shipped out of the nursery during the current year
for planting upon other State forests and to private individuals,
purchased at cost according to law, represent a value of |3,521.96,
including $67.41 for packing and cartage charges. The seedlings
so supplied were as follows:

Honey locust, l-yr., at $1 1» 3,400 $4 04

Honey locust, l-yr. at 2 50 2,000 5 00

Red oak, l-yr., at 2 82 20,650 58^

sigar liJapC^yr-.; at 2 00 200 40

Sugar maple, 2-yr., at 2 50 1,320 3 30

Norway spruce, at 3 00 25,000 75 00

European larch, 2-yr., at 3 00 200 W

European larch, 2-yr., at 5 00 11,125 55 63

Scotch pine, 2-yr., at 2 00 13,500 36 90

White ash, 2-yr., at 2 00 2,347 i 69

Whi«-P nqh 2-vr at 2 50 200 OU

WMtepiSe,V;r:,ai:::: 189 101,700 192 21

White oak, 2-yr,, at * 50 250 113

WhitP ninp .^-vr at "'5 1,000 Z to

Whit'ep^ne^Vr^'at* 2 89 506,400 1,463^

Scotch pine, 3-yr., at 3 00 dOO yu

Norway spruce, 3-yr., at 4 00 30,500 122 W

Europeon larch, 3-yr. , at 7 00 1,909 13 30

WhitI nfne %-Iyt ^'kt '. '. '. '. *. ". '• '. '. '. ' '• * ' * " '• ' '• *• "• " *• '• '• * *• *• *• 3 10 15,000 46 50

White?iSe 2-1 yr' at 6 31 192,900 1,218 20

Norway spruce, 2-iVr., at 3 00 7,000 2100

Norway spruce, 2-1 yr., at 5 00 14,350 71 75

Scotch pine, 2-1 yr., at 2 50 200 50

Scotch pine, 2-1 yr., at 3 00 1,^ 3 90

Norway spruce, 4-yr., at » -^ ^ ^ ^

rp^tal, 975 900 $3,454 55

Packing and cartage charges, ^7 41

$3,521 96

(

•Ill

7(j REPORT OF THE Off. Doc

The number of seedlings available from this nursery for spring
planting in 1913 is as follows:

Honey locust, 1 year, 3,000

Black walnut, 1 year, 700

Scotch pine, 2 year, 35,000

Sugar maple, 2 year, 6,500

European larch, 2 year, 9,200

Silver pine, 3 year, 35,500

White pine, 3 year, 927,420

Norway spruce, 3 year, 58,000

White pine, 2-1 year, 566,616

Norway spruce, 2-1 year, 30,587

White pine, 5 year, 500

Balsam fir, 5 year, 75 1,673,098

THE ASAPH NURSERY, 1913.

This nursery was enlarged in 1913 to 33 acres, 20 acres of which
were set with seedlings, 8 acres planted with seeds, and 5 acres under
cultivation. An inventory of the seedlings by species and age shows
the following stock on hand:

White pine, 1 year, 936,609

Norway spruce, 1 year, 946,533

Red pine, 1 year, 57,760

European larch, 1 year, 33,789

Pitch pine, 1 year, 43,136

Honey locust, 1 year, 16,025

5ugar maple, 1 year, 2,715

Black cherry, 1 year, 10,380

White ash, 1 year, 15,000

Black walnut, 1 year, 569

Chinese chestnut, 1 year, '. . 164

Elm, 1 year, 809

White pine, 2 year, 1,004,972

Scotch pine, 2 year, 42,000

Norway spruce, 2 year, 38,000

Red pine, 2 year, ^ 42,000

European larch, 2 year, 10,476

Douglas fir, 2 year, 25,600

Black walnut, 2 year, 94

jj^j 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

Sugar maple, 2 year, 310

White pine, 2-1, 102,128

White pine, 1-2, • • • • ^y^^^

Norway spruce, 1-2, 1,689

Scotch pine, 4 year, transplanted, 70

White pine, 6 year, transplanted, 450

Balsam fir, 6 year, transplanted, 35

77

3,336,406

The seedlings available for spring planting in 1914 from this
nursery are distributed among the following species:

Honey locust, 1 year, 16,025

Black cherry, 1 year, 10,380

Black walnut, 1 year, 569

Elm, 1 year, ; 809

Chinese chestnut, 1 year, 164

Sugar maple, 1 year, 2,715

Scotch pine, 2 years, 42,000

Norway spruce, 2 years, 38,000

Red pine, 2 years, 42,000

European larch, 2 years, 10,476

Douglas fir, 2 years, 25,600

White pine, 2 years, 600,000

Black walnut, 2 years, 94

Sugar maple, 2 years, 310

White pine, 2-1 year, 102,128

White pine, 1-2 year, 5,093

Norway spruce, 1-2 year, ^ 1,689

White pine, 6 year trees, '^50

Balsam fir, 6 year trees 35

Scotch pine, 5 year trees, 70 898,607

Because of the unusual season of repeated frosts, and short growing
period, these seedlings are the smallest, at same age, ever produced

in this nursery.

Shipments from this nursery are shown elsewhere in the report on

"State Forest Planting."

The total value of all seedlings shipped from the nursery during
the year calculated at nursery cost amounts to |6,965.92.

The seedlings in the nursery were badly damaged by frosts May
8, 11, and 20; eTune 9 and 10. The first year conifers showed no new
giowth until September 3rd.

i«

I

78

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

SMALL EXPEKIMENTAL NURSERIES ESTABLISHED BY

THE FORESTERS.

These small nurseries heretofore established mainly for object le>s-
sons in the neighborhod of State forests are productive of a con-
siderable number of good seedling trees. As to area they are more
fully described in the Department report for the years 1910-11, page
115. An inventory of the seedlings contained in these small nurseries
stated by forester and locality is as follows:

1912.

Robert G. Conklin, South Mountain Forest, Caledonia Division.

White pine, 1 year, 27,335

White pine, 1-1 year, 14,578

White pine, 1-2 year, 18,709

White pine, 1-3 year, 2,417

Norway spruce, 1 year, 11,357

Norway spruce, 1-1 year, 10,498

Norway spruce, 1-2 year, 10,138

Douglas fir, 1 year, 5,540

European larch, 1 year, 872

European larch, 1-1 year, 275

Red pine, 1 year, 7,010

Red pine, 1-1 year, 872

Scotch pine, 1 year, 12,225

Scotch pine, 1-1 year, 7,942

White ash, 1 year, 2,080

White ash, 1 year, 2,080 132,448

William F. Dague, Clearfield Forest, Clearfield
Division.

White pine, 1 year, 175,000

Norway spruce, 1 year, 20,000

Norway spruce, 2 year, 12,000

Douglas fir, 1 year, 10,000

European larch, 2 year, 1,000

Red pine, 1 year, 30,000

Scotch pine, 1 year, 5,000 253,000

jj,^ 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

R. Lynn Emerick, Kettle Creek Forest, Cross-
fork Division.

White pine, 2 year, 27,000

Blue spruce, 1 year, ^ ^

Norway spruce, 2 year, 15,000

Chinese arbor vitae 1 year, 1^

Douglas fir, 1 year, 4=0,000

Dwarf mountain pine, 1 year, 50

Scotch pine, 2 year, 10,000

Catalpa, 1 year, ^'^

Black locust, 1 year, 60

Russian olive, 1 year, ^

Persimmon, 1 year, 20

I' Hartman Fox, Sinnemahoning Forest,
Austin Division.

White pine, 1 year, 8,000

White pine, 2 year, ^0,000

White pine, 1-2 year, l^^^^

Norway spruce, 1 year, '^>000

Norway spruce, 2 year, ^>000

Douglas fir, 1 year, *^fi^^

Red pine, 1 year, 2,500

Red pine, 2 year, 2,500

Scotch pine, 1 year, • • 8,000

Scotch pine, 1-1 year, '^»000

Carl L. Kirk, Clearfield Forest, Penfield Di-

White pine, 1 year, ^h^^^

' Norway spruce, 1 year, 54,000

Douglas fir, 1 year, 12,000

Red pine, 1 year, ^^^"^

Scotch pine, 1 year, ^y^^^

Harry J. Mueller, Nittany Forest.

White pine, 2 year, 15,000

White pine, 3 year, ^00

Norway spruce, 2 year, 100

Alfred E. Rupp, Buchanan Forest.

Norway spruce, 2-2 year, IMOO

Black walnut, 1 year^ '<^00

79

92,186

108,300

129,100

15,500

12,100

6

V I

80 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.

J. B. Ryon, Whetham Forest.

White pine, 1 year, 18,000

Norway spruce, 1 year, 30,000

Douglas fir, 1 year, 4,200 52,200

Johu L. Strobeck, Minisink Forest, Pocono Di-
vision.

White pine, 1 year, 75,000

White pine, 2 year, 4,000 ^

Norway spruce, 2 year, 15,000

Douglas fir, 1 year, 4,000

Scotch pine, 2 year, 10,000

Black walnut, 1 year, 60 108,060

n. Lawrence Vail, Sinnemahoning Forest, Hull
Division.

White pine, 1 year, 9,000

White pine, 2 year, 1,000

Norway spruce, 2 year, 200

• Douglas fir, 1 year, 2,200

Scotch pine, 1 year, 4,250

. Scotch pine, 2 year, 800 17,450

D. Kerr Warfield, Seven Mountain Forest, Kish-
acoquillas Division.,

White pine, 2 year, 980

K. B. Winter, White Deer Forest, McCall Di-
vision.

White pine, 2 year, 500

Norway spruce, 1 year, 500

Norway spruce, 2 year, 500

Douglas fir, 1 year, 10,000

Pitch pine, 2 year, 500

Scotch pine, 2 year, 100

Basswood, 1 year, 25 12,125

During the year 1912 the following foresters established new
nurseries for experimental purposes, and an inventory of their grow-
ing stock shows the following:

Harry E. Elliott, Sinnemahoning Forest.

White pine, 1 year, 5,000 5,000

j^Q 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

Charles K. Meek, Seven Mountain Forest, Poe
Division.

White pine, 1 year, 2,000

Norway spruce, 1 year, 12,800

Douglas fir, 1 year, 2,500

Bed pine, 1 year, 2,500

Scotch pine, 1 year, 4,500

C. C. Miner, Stone Forest, Chatham Division.

White pine, 1 year, 9,000

White pine, 2 year, 4,000

Scotch pine, 1 year, 5,000

John W. Seltzer, Seven Mountain Forest, Co-
burn Division.

Norway spruce, 1 year, Ij^OO

Douglas fir, 1 year, "^^^

Red pine, 1 year, ^^^

Edgar H. Smith, Bald Eagle Forest.

White pine, 1 year, 8,000

Norway spruce, 1 year, 8,000

Douglas fir, 1 year, 10,000

Red pine, 1 year, ^,000

Scotch pine, 1 year, 15,000

John A. Bastian, Loyalsock Forest.

Douglas fir, 1 year, ^'200

H. E. Bryner, Pennypacker Forest.

White ash, 2 year, ^'^^^

A. W. Bodine, Rothrock Forest.

Black walnut, 1 year, 2,200

Total,

6—26—1915

81

24,30(»

18,000

3,000

47,000

1,200

6,000

2,200

1,040,149

¥

g2 RBPOBT OF THE Off. Dos

A summary of the stock found in these nurseries, is as follows :

1912.

Species. Number.

White pine, 503,719

Norway spruce, 228,993

Douglas fir, l^^^^*^

European larch, 2»^^'^

Eedpine, ^0,382

Scotch pine, ^^^^^^

Pitch pine, ^^^

Dwarf mountain pine, ^^

IK

Blue spruce,

Chinese arbor vitae, ^^

White ash, ^^^^^

Black walnut, 2,960

Black locust, ^^

Basswood, f^

Catalpa, *^

Russian olive,

Persimmon,

Total, 1^040,149

1913.

An inventory of stock on hand at the end of the growing season in
the experimental nurseries, is as follows :

John A. Bastian, Loyalsock Forest.

Douglas fir, 2 year, l^^OO 1,200

A. W. Bodine, Rothrock Forest.

Black walnut, 1 year, 250 250

H. E. Bryner, Pennypacker Forest.

White ash, 1 year, 5,600 5,600

Robert G. Conklin, South Mountain Forest,
Caledonia Division.

White pine, 2 year, 8,000

Scotch pine, 2 year, 17,000 25,000

No. 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. 83

Wm. F. Dague, Clearfield Forest, Clearfield Di-
vision.

White pine, 2 year, 205,000

White pine, 1 year, 135,000

Red pine, 2 year, 80,000

Norway spruce, 2 year, 35,000

Norway spruce, 1 year, 437,000

Douglas fir, 2 year, 8,000

European larch, 1 year, 100,000 1,000,000

R. Lynn Emerick, Kettle Creek Forest, Cross-
fork Division.

White pine, 3 year, 2,340

Norway spruce, 2 year, 5,300

Douglas fir, 2 year, 640 8,280

P. Hartman Fox, Sinnemahoning Forest, Aus-
tin Division.

White pine, 3-1 year, 22,000

White pine, 2-1 year, 1,500

Scotch pine, 3-1 year, 2,000

Scotch pine, 2-1 year, 750

Red pine, 3-1 year, 2,000

Norway spruce, 3-1 year, 10,000

Norway spruce, 2-1 year, 1,100

Douglas fir, 2-1 year, 200 39,550

C^arl L. Kirk, Clearfield Forest, Penfield Di-
vision.

White pine, 2 year, 14,300

White pine, 1 year, 18,590

Scotch pine, 2 year, • 8,000

Red pine, 2 year, 25,800

Norway spruce, 2 year, 46,300

Norway spruce, 1 year, 78,400

Douglas fir, 2 year, 12,000

European larch, 1 year, 34,600 237,990

Charles R. Meek, Seven Mountain Forest, Co-
burn Division.

Red pine, 1-1 year, 200

Norway spruce, 1-1 year, 400

Douglas fir, 1-1 year, 200 800

»■

"W

m\

84 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc

W. E. Montgomery, Seven Mountain Forest,
Poe Division.

White pine, 2 year, 1,500

Scotch pine, 2 year, 4,800

Red pine, 2 year, 3,300

Norway spruce, 2 year, 12,000

Douglas fir, 2 year, 3,400

European larch, 1 year, 6,000 31,000

George S. Perry, Sinnemahoning Forest, Hull
Division.

White pine, 2 year, 6,500

White pine, 1 year, 9,418

Scotch pine, 2 year, 2,100

Scotch pine, 1 year, 1,304 ,

Norway spruce, 1 year, 11,952

Douglas fir, 2 year, 1,050

European larch, 1 year, 9,787 42,111

J B. Ryon, Whetham Forest.

White pine, 2 year, 9,200

Scotch pine, 2 year, 8,700

Norway spruce, 2 year, 30,000

Douglas fir, 2 year, 4,200 52,100

Geo. W. Sheeler, Hopkins Forest, Snow Shoe
Division.

White pine, 1 year, 250

Norway spruce, 1 year, 7,000

European larch, 1 year, 6,500 13,750

E. H. Smith, Bald Eagle Forest.

White pine, 1-1 year, 1,000

White pine, 2 year, 7,500

Scotch pine, 2 year, 6,000

Norway spruce, 1-1 year, 1,000

Douglas fir, 2 year, 3,500

Black walnut, 2 year, 10 19,010

8o

jjo 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

John L. Strobeck, Minisink Forest, Pocono Di-
vision.

White pine, 2-1 year, • • • . 3,000

White pine, 1-1 year, ^,654

White pine, 2 year, 14,300

Scotch pine, 3 year, 13,500

Norway spruce, 2-1 year, 4,675

Norway spruce, 3 year, 11,000

Norway spruce, 1-1 year, 4,260

Douglas fir, 2 year, • • • 2,400

Black walnut, 2 year, ^ '

Black walnut, 1 year, ^^ ^^'^^^

R. B. Winter, White Deer Forest, McCall Di-
vision.

Norway spruce, 1 year, 8,000

Douglas fir, 2 year, 400

European larch, 1 year, 400 8,8UU

Charles E. Zerby, Sinnemahoning Forest, Medix

Division.

Norway spruce, 1 year, 30,200

European larch 1 year, UfiOO ^^200

Total,

1,591,503

A summary of the stock found in these nurseries, is as foUows;

1913.

Species. N^"^^^'*-

Whitepine, ^^f^

r^^X^^^^' ::::::::: l?:^

Douglas fir, 171 0Q7

European larch, JJ^ ^^

f^,r"' : * 64154

Scotch pine, '

White ash, ^fl

Black walnut, "^"^"^

Total,. 1^591^^^^

86

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

STATE FOREST PLANTING, 1912.

A detailed statement showing the location, the species, and the num-
ber of trees planted within the State forests during the above year,
is as follows. The trees were forwarded from the three principal
State forest nurseries to the foresters, who planted them in open
places within their forests.

Seedling Trees from the Mont Alto Nursery.
A. W. Bodine, Rothrock Forest.

Species. Age. Number.

Norway spruce, 2 years, . . 6,00a

Willow cuttings, 5,000

H. E. Bryner, Pennypacker Forest.

lied oak, 1 year, . . . 10,000

W. L. Byers, Bedford Forest.

White pine, 2 years, . . 20,000

Bed oak, 1 year, . . . 3,700

Wm. F. Dague, Clearfield Forest, Clearfield Division.

White pine, 2 years, . . 10,000

K. Lynn Emerick, Kettle Cieek Forest, Crossfork Division.

Norway spruce, 2 years, . . 12,000

Red oak, 1 year, . . . 40,000

P. Hartman Fox, Sinnemahoning Forest, Austin Division.

White pine, 2 year, . . . 9,200

White pine, 1-2 year, . . . 3,350

Norway spruce, 2 years, . . 900

Red oak, 1 year, . . . 10,000

John W. Keller, Black Forest, Blackwells Division.

Norway spruce, 2 years, . . 2,000

Red oak, 1 year, ... 6,000

Carl L. Kirk, Clearfield Forest, Penfield Division.

White pine, 2 years, . . 16,000

Walter D. Ludwig, Seven Mountain Forest, Bear Meadows Division
Red oak, 1 year, . . . 20,000

No. 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. 8?

C. C. Miner, Stone Forest, Chatham Division.

Species. Age. Number.

Red oak, 1 year, . . . 20,000

Willow cuttings, ^j^OO

Walter M. Mumma, Young Woman's Creek Forest.

White pine, ....2 years, .. 15,000

Norway spruce, 2 years, . . 10,000

A. E. Rupp, Buchanan Forest.

Norway spruce, 2 years, . . 3,000

Red oak, 1 year, . . . 2,500

John W. Seltzer, Seven Mountain Forest, Coburn Division.

Red oak, 1 year, . . . 10,000

Lewis E. Staley, South Mountain Forest, Mont Alto Division.

White pine, 2 years, . . 20,225

White pine, 1-2 year, . . . 20,450

Red oak, 1 year, . . . 2,000

H. Lawrence Vail, Sinnemahoning Forest, Hull Division.

Red oak, 1 year, . . . 3,000

D. Kerr Warfield, Seven Mountain Forest, Kishacoquillas Divisior.
White pine, 2 year, . . . 8,000

Arthur B. Wells, Grays Run Forest.

Norway spruce, 2 year, . . . 12,000

Red oak, 1 year, . . . 18,900

Willow cuttings, 12,000

John R. Williams, Stuart Forest.

Norway spruce, 2 years, . . 8,000

Raymond B. Winter, AVhite Deer Forest, McCall Division.

Red oak, 1 year, . . . 4,500

John L. Witherow, McClure Forest.

White pine, 2 years, . . 25,000

Seedling Trees From the Asaph Nursery.

John A. Bastian, Loyalsock Forest.

White pine, 3 years, . . 7,80(i

Black cherry, 1 year, . . . 1,300

American elm, 2 years, . . 3,000

r

I

m

i'l )

88 REPORT OF THE Off. Doe.
William F. Dague, Clearfield Forest, Clearfield Division.

Species. Age. Number.

White pine, .3 years, . . 40,000

Harry E. Elliott, Sinnemahoning Forest.

White pine, 2-1 year, . . . 15,000

Norway spruce, 2-1 year, . . . 12,900

R. Lynn Emerick, Kettle Creek Forest, Crossfork Division.

White pine, 3 years, .. 168,400

White pine, .2-l.year, . . .. 10,300

Norway spruce, .2 years, . . 8,000

H. C. Evans, Black Forest, Waterville Division.

White pine, 2-1 year, ... 19,000

Norway spruce, 3 years, . . 15,000

American elm, 2 years, . . 3,800

Honey locust, 1 year, . . . 1,650

P. Hartman Fox, Sinnemahoning Forest, Austin Division.

White pine, 3 years, . . 60,000

White pine, 2-1 year, . . . 40,000

F. D. Jerald, Black Forest, Slate Run Division.

White pine, 2-1 year, . . . 15,000

Norway spruce, 2 year, . . . 5,000

Honey locust, 1 year, . . . 1,000

Red oak, 1 year, . . . 2Q,000

John W. Keller, Black Forest, Blackwells Division.

White pine, 2-1 year, . . . 60,000

Scotch pine, 2 years, . . 2,000

European larch, 2 years, . . 4,350

Norway spruce, 2-1 year, . . . 1,350

Norway spruce, 3 years, . . 9,300

Carl L. Kirk, Clearfield Forest, Penfield Division.

White pine, 3 years, .. 100,000

Walter D. Ludwig, Seven Mountain Forest, Bear Meadows Division.

White pine, 3 years, .. 30,000

Scotch pine, ' 2 years, . . 9,900

Scotch pine, 3 years, . . 300

Scotch pine, 2-1 year, . . . 1,200

John L. MacAvoy, Kettle Creek Forest, Leidy Division.

White pine, 3 years, . . 8,000

Norway spruce, 2 years, ... 2,000

No. 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

Homer S. Metzger, White Deer Forest, Tea Spring Division.

99

Species. Age.

American elm, ." . . .2 years,

C. C. Miner, Stone Forest, Chatham Division.

White pine, 2 years,

Scotch pine, 2 years,

Norway spruce, 2 years,

Paul H. Mulford, Stone Forest, Asaph Division.

White pine, .' 3 years,

White pine, 2-1 years.

European larch, 2

Norway spruce, 3

Norway spruce, 4

White ash, 2

White ash, 3

Black cherry, 1

American elm, 2

Honey locust, 1

Sugar maple, 2

Red oak, 1

White oak, 2

years,

years,

years,

years,

years,

year,

years,

year,

years,

year,

years.

Number.
5,000

101,700

1,600

10,000

32,200
18,500

5,875

6,200
270

2,347
127
107

7,150
750
470
650
250

John W. Seltzer, Seven Mountain Forest, Coburn Division.

White pine, 3 years, . . 60,000

H. Lawrence Vail, Sinnemahoning Forest, Hull Division.

White pine, 2-1 year, . . . 12,000

European larch, 2 years,

European larch, 3 years,

American elm, 2 years.

Sugar maple, 2 years.

900
1,900
2,400

850

Seedling trees from the Greenwood Nursery.

A. W. Bodine, Rothrock Forest.
Scotch pine,

2 years, . .

W. L. Byers, Bedford Forest.

Pinus ponderosa, 2 years, . .

6,500

2,000

^0^

iiiii

nmit

i

Hv

'

90 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.

F. H. Dutlinger, Hopkins Forest, Eenovo Division.

Species. Age. Number.

Pinus ponderosa, 2 years, . . 2,000

Harry E. Elliott, Sinnemahoning Forest.

Pinus ponderosa, 2 years, . . 2,000

K. Lynn Emerick, Kettle Creek Forest, Crossfork Division.

Pinus ponderosa, 2 years, . . 2,000

H. C. Evans, Black Forest, Waterville Division.

Pinus ponderosa, 2 years; . . 2,000

John W. Keller, Black Forest, Blackwells Division.

Pinus ponderosa, 2 years, . . 2,000

Carl L. Kirk, Clearfield Forest, Penfield Division.

Scotch pine, 2 years, . . 25,000

Walter D. Ludwig, Seven Mountain Forest, Bear Meadows Division.
White pine, 2 years, . . 124,000

T. Roy Morton, Seven Mountain Forest, Barree Division.

Scotch pine, 2 years, . . 6,200

George A. Retan, Seven Mountain Forest, Greenwood Division.

White pine, 2 years, . . 23,300

Scotch pine, 2 years, . . 200

Pinus ponderosa, 2 years, . . 1,600

White ash, 2 years, .. 736

Western catalpa, 1 year, ... 824

Red oak, 1 year, ... 786

D. Kerr Warfield, Seven Mountain Forest, Kishacoquillas Division.
White pine, 2 years, . . 35,000

John R. Williams, Stuart Forest.

Pinus ponderosa, 2 years, . . 2,000

Seedling trees from the Caledonia Experimental Nursery.

H. E. Bryner, Pennypacker Forest.

White pine, 1-3 years, . . 200

Robert G. Conklin, South Mountain Forest, Caledonia Division.
White pine, 1 « years, . . 6,625

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

91

In addition to the above seedlings, plantings were made by the
foresters fix)m their own experimental nurseries, and the detailed
records of the trees derived from such sources will be found in the
reports of the foresters.

The following seedlings were planted in 1912 but were dipped
to the foresters from State nurseries in the fall of 1911. Owing
to late shipments and early freezing of the ground they could not
be planted so were heeled in over winter:

H. E. Bryner, Pennypacker Forest.

Species.

White ash,

Red oak,

Age.

1 year, . . .
1 year, . . .

A. E. Rupp, Buchanan Forest.

Red oak, 1 year, .

Catalpa, 2 years,

White ash, 2 years,

Elm, 2 years,

Willow cuttings,

C. C. Miner, Stone Forest, Chatham Division.

White ash, 1 year.

Honey locust, ...» 1 year,

John E. Avery, Minisink Forest, Notch Division.

Elm, 1 year.

Red oak, 1 year.

Total seedlings,

" cuttings,

Number.

5,600
19,000

1,000
105

1,300
100

2,000

9,000
500

200
900

37,705
2,000

In 1912, 100,000 2 year-old Scotch pine were purchased from the
North Eastern Forestry Co., Cheshire, Conn., and 200,000 3 year-old
vvhite pine from the Mt. Carmel Forestry & Nursery Co., Hartford,
Conn. These seedlings were planted by the following foresters :

R. Lynn Emerick, Kettle Creek Forest, Crossfork Division.
Scotch pine, 20,000

P. H. Dutlinger, Hopkins Forest, Renovo Division.

Scotch pine, 20,000

Walter M. Mumma, Young Woman's Creek Forest.

Scotch pine, 10,000

(fm

wmntmtmmm

92 RBPORT Ol*' run Off. Doc.

Carl L. Kirk, Clearfield Forest, renftold nivi«ion.

Scotcli pine, 32,000

C. C. Miner, Stoue Forest, CluUluuii DIvIhIoii.

Scotch pine, 8>000

Jolin W. Seltzer, j^even Muuutalii FchtmI, Coburn Division.

Scotcli pine, 10,000

Jolin E. Avery, Minisink FoioHt, MoU'h Division.

White pine, 15,000

A. W. Bodine, Rothrock Fortint.

White pine, 50,000

F. H. Dutlinger, Hopklnw Fcneat, Jtiinovo Division.

White pine, 50,000

Walter D. Ludwig, Seven MountJiln I'Na-eut, Hour Meadows Division
White pine, 50,000

A. C. Silvias, White Deer Foruwt, llullaio Division.

White pine, 30,000

John L. Strobeck, Minisink Forc«t4l, I'ocono Division.

White pine, 5,000

Total planting for 1912 from the MonL Alto Nursery,

all species. Seedlings, 351,725

Cuttings, 21,000

Total plantings for 1012 from the Auaph Nuit^ery, all
gpeciee. Seedlings, 946,796

Total plantings for 1912 from the (jreenwood Nursery,
all species. Seedlings, 238,146

Total plantings for 1912 fioui the Oalwlonia Experi-
mental nursei-y. Seedlings, 6,825

Total plantings for 1912 fmm the exprmuonlal nurseries

of the foresters. Seedling*, 6,232

Cuttings, 5,000

Mt. Carmel Forestry & Nursery Co., HeedHngs, 200,000

North Eastern Forestry Co., Hewilhigs, 100,000

Nursery shipments for 19U (he<jli5<l hi over the winter

by foresters) , Seedlings, 37,705

Cutting*, 2,000

Total of all Btalxi forest pianllng, 1912, 1,915,429

No. 20. DEPARTMENT OF FOUESTUY.

Total plantings for 1912 l»y species:

White pine, 1,337,697

Scotch pine, 153,020

Pinus ponderosa, 15,600

European larch, 13,025

Norway spruce, 125,090

White ash, 19,110

Black cherry, 1,407

Oatali)a, 1,029

Elm, 21,650

Honey locust, 3,900

Sugar nmple, 1,320

Ked oak, 193,136

White oak, 250

Black walnut, 1,195

Willow cuttings, 28,000

Total State forest planting (iiiriiig 1912, 1,915,429

STATE FOUEST PLANTING, 1913.

SecHllings froui Uie Mont Alto Nursery.

A. W. Bodine, Bothrock Forest.

Species. Age*.

White pine, 2 years,

Norway spruce, 2 years.

White ash, I year, .

Black cherry, 1 year, .

Honey locust, 1 year, .

Black walnut, 1 yi'iiVf >

U. E. Bryner, Pennyi)ack(jr I^'oresl.

Willow cuttings,

Number.
81,500
15,000
J, 000
2,000
1,150
1 ,000

4,500

X. K. McNaughton, Clearlleld Foriwt, Karlliaiis Division.

Privet, 1 year, ... 200

i!

MMHMMMMMa

!

m

90 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.

F. H. Dutlinger, Hopkins Forest, Renovo Division.

Species. Age. Number.

Pinus ponderosa, 2 years, . . 2,000

Harry E. Elliott, Sinnemahoning Forest.

Pinus ponderosa, 2 years, . . 2,000

K. Lynn Emerick, Kettle Creek Forest, Crossfork Division.

Pinus ponderosa, 2 years, . . 2,000

H. C. Evans, Black Forest, Waterville Division.

Pinus ponderosa, 2 years; . . 2,000

John W. Keller, Black Forest, Blackwells Division.

Pinus ponderosa, 2 years, . . 2,000

Carl L. Kirk, Clearfield Forest, Penfield Division.

Scotch pine, 2 years, . . 25,000

Walter D. Ludwig, Seven Mountain Forest, Bear Meadows Division.
White pine, 2 years, . . 124,000

T. Roy Morton, Seven Mountain Forest, Barree Division.

Scotch pine, 2 years, . . 6,200

George A. Retan, Seven Mountain Forest, Greenwood Division.

White pine, 2 years, . . 23,300

Scotch pine, 2 years, . . 200

Pinus ponderosa, 2 years, .. 1,600

White ash, 2 years, . . 736

Western catalpa, 1 year, . . . 824

Red oak, 1 year, . . . 786

D. Kerr Warfield, Seven Mountain Forest, Kishacoquillas Division.
White pine, 2 years, . . 35,000

John R. Williams, Stuart Forest.

Pinus ponderosa, 2 years, .. 2,000

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

dl

Seedling trees from the Caledonia Experimental Nursery.

200

TI. IC. Bryner, IVnnyi)acker Forest.

White pine, 1-3 years, . .

Robert G. Conklin, Soutli Mountain Forest, Caledonia Division.
White pine, 1 « years, . . 6,625

In addition to the above seedlings, plantings were made by the
foresters tvom their own experimental nurseries, and the detailed
records of the trees derived from such sources will be found in the
reports of the foresters.

The following seedlings were planted in 1912 but were dipped
to the foresters from State nurseries in the fall of 1911. Owing
to late shipments and early freezing of the ground they could not
be planted so were heeled in over winter:

H. E. Bryner, Pennypacker Forest.

Species.

White ash,

Red oak,

Age.

1 year, . .
1 year, . .

A. E. Rupp, Buchanan Forest.

Red oak, 1 year,

Catalpa, 2 years,

White ash, 2 years,

Elm, 2 years,

Willow cuttings,

Number.

5,600
19,000

1,000
105

1,300
100

2,000

C. C. Miner, Stone Forest, Chatham Division.

White ash, 1 year, . . .

Honey locust, . . . i 1 year, . . .

John E. Avery, Minisink Forest, Notch Division.

Elm, 1 year, . . .

Red oak, 1 year, . . .

Total seedlings, 37,705

" cuttings, 2,000

9,000
500

200
900

In 1912, 100,000 2 year-old Scotch pine were purchased from the
North Eastern Forestry Co., Cheshire, Conn., and 200,000 3 year-old
yvhite pine from the Mt. Carmel Forestry & Nursery Co., Hartford,
Conn. These seedlings were planted by the following foresters :

R. Lynn Emerick, Kettle Creek Forest, Crossfork Division.

Scotch pine, 20,000

F. H. Dutlinger, Hopkins Forest, Renovo Division.

Scotch pine, 20,000

Walter M. Mumma, Young Woman's Creek Forest.

Scotch pine, 10,000

92 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.

Carl L. Kirk, Clearfield Forest, Penfield Division.

Scotch pine, 32,000

C. C. Miner, Stone Forest, Chatham Division.

Scotch pine, 8,000

John W. Seltzer, Beven Mountain Forest, Coburn Division.

Scotch pine, 10,000

John E. Avery, Minisiuk Forest, Notch Division.

White pine, 15,000

A. W. Bodine, Rothrock Forest.

White pine, 50,000

F. H. Dutlinger, Hopkins Forest, Kenovo Division.

White pine, 50,000

Walter D. Ludwig, Seven Mountain Forest, Bear Meadows Division
White pine, 50,000

A. C. Silvius, White Deer Forest, Buffalo Division.

White pine, 30,000

John L. Strobeck, Minisink Forest, Pocono Division.

White pine, 5,000

Total planting for 1912 from the Mont Alto Nursery,

all species, Seedlings, 351,725

Cuttings, 21,000

Total plantings for 1912 from the Asaph Nurseiy, all
species. Seedlings, 946,796

Total plantings for 1912 from the Greenwood Nursery,
all species. Seedlings, 238,146

Total plantings for 1912 from the Caledonia Experi-
mental nursery, Seedlings, 6,825

Total plantings for 1912 from the experimental nurseries

of the foresters. Seedlings, 6,232

Cuttings, 5,000

Mt. Carmel Forestry & Nursery Co., Seedlings, 200,000

North Eastern Forestry Co., Seedlings, 100,000

Nursery shipments for 1911 (heeled in over the winter

by foresters). Seedlings, 37,705

Cuttings, 2,000

Total of all State forest planting, 1912, 1,915,429

No. 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

Total plantings for 1912 by species:

White pine, 1,337,697

Scotch pine, 153,020

Finns ponderosa, 15,600

European larch, 13,025

Norway spruce, 125,090

White ash, 19,110

Black cherry, 1,407

Catalpa, 1,029

Elm, 21,650

Honey locust, 3,900

Sugar maple, 1,320

Bed oak, 193,136

White oak, 250

Black walnut, 1,195

Willow cuttings, 28,000

Total State forest planting during 1912, 1,915,429

«

STATE FOKEST PLANTING, 1913.

Seedlings from the Mont Alto Nursery.

A. W. Bodine, Rothrock Forest.

Species. Age. Number.

White pine, 2 years, . . 81,500

Norway spruce, 2 years, . . 15,000

White ash, 1 year, . . . 1,000

Black cherry, 1 year, . . . 2,000

Honey locust, 1 year, . . . 1,150

Black walnut, 1 year, ... 1,000

II. E. Bryner, Pennypacker Forest.

Willow cuttings, 4,500

X. K. McNaughton, Clearfield Forest, Karthaus Division.

Privet, 1 year, ... 200

94 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.

Walter M. Mumma, Young Woman's Creek Forest.

Species. Age. Number.

White pine, 12 year, . . . 13,400

Norway spruce, 2 years, . . 8,G00

^l O. Robinson, Minisink Forest, Promised Land Division.

Willow cuttings, ^^^

A K. Rupp, Buchanan Forest.

Norway spruce, 2 years, . . 15,000

White ash, 1 year, ... . 4,000

John W. Keller, Black Forest, Blackwell Division.

(Fall planting.)

White pine, 2 years, . . 1,000

Norway spruce, 2 years, . . 1,000

European larch, .2 years, . . 1,000

J. B. Ryon, Whetham Forest.

Pinus ponderosa, 2 years, . . 1,000

Scotch pine, 2 years, . . 2,100

Norway spruce, 2 years, .. 7,100

Black cherry, 1 year, ... 900

Lewis E. Staley, South Mountain Forest, Mont Alto Division.

White pine, 2 years, . . 50,900

White ash, 1 year, . . . 3,000

Black cherry, 1 year, . . . 3,500

Red oak, 1 year,... 490

White oak, 1 year, . . . 1,440

Black walnut, 1 year, . . . 5,800

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

9.^

Seedlings from the Asaph Nursery.

John E. Avery, Minisink Forest, Notch Division.

White pine, 2-1 year, .

Balsam fir, 5 years,

H. E. Bryner, Pennypacker Forest.

White pine, 3 years,

5,000
10

50,000

Age.

Number.

years, . .

25

years, . .

25

W. G. Conklin, Seven Mountain Forest, Jacks Mountain Division.

Species.

White pine, 5

Red pine, 2

William F. Dague, Clearfield Forest, Clearfield Division.

White pine, 2 years, . . 115,000

F. H. Dutlinger, Hopkins Forest, Renovo Division.

White pine, 2-1 year, . . . 62,000

Silver pine, .• 3 years, . . 5,000

Norway spruce, 3 years, . . 11,500

Harry E. Elliott, Sinnemahoning Forest.

White pine, 3 years, . . 25,000

Norway spruce, 3 years, . . 25,000

R. Lynn Emerick, Kettle Creek Forest, Crossfork Division.

White pine, 3

Silver pine, 3

Norway spruce, 2

years,
years,
years,

H. C. Evans, Black Forest, Waterville Division.

White pine, .3 years.

White pine, 5 years,

Scotch pine, 2-1 year.

Black cherry, 3 years.

Honey locust, 1 year,

Black walnut, 1 year,

American elm, 2 years.

254,800

2,000

82,500

45,000
50
20
5
5
10
10

P. Hartman Fox, Sinnemahoning Forest, Austin Division.

White pine, 3

Scotch pine, 2

Silver pine, 3

Norway spruce, 2

eT R. Hogentogler, McElhattan Forest.
White pine, 3

years,
years,
years,
years,

years,

100,000

22,800

5,000

28,500

85,000

,/ames A. Irvin, Sinnemahoning Forest, Medix Division.

White pine, 2-1 year, . . . 47,200

John W. Keller, Black Forest^ Blackwells Division.

White pine, 2

White pine, 3

Silver pine, 3

Norway spruce, 2

Norway spruce, 3

Red pine, 2

7 X,

years, . .

139,700

years, . .

8,790

years, . .

5,000

years, . .

36,800

years, . .

13,491

years, . .

21,780

V

i

QQ REPORT OF THE Off. Doc

Carl L. Kirk, Clearfield Forest, Penfield Division.

Species. Age. Number.

White pine, 2 years, . . 27,000

White pine, 3 years, . . 22,000

White pine, 2-1 year, . . . 39,500

Silver pine, • 3 years, . . 2,500

Norway spruce, 2 years, . . 16,000

Norway spruce, 3 years, . . 10,800

Red pine, 2 years, . . 10,000

John L. MacAvoy, Stuart Forest.

White pine, 3 years, . . 50,000

William S. McCoy, Leidy, Forest Kanger, Kettle Creek Forest.

White pine, 3 years, . . 100,000

N R. McNaiighton, Cleartield Forest, Karthaus Division.

White pine, 2-1 year, . . . 310,100

Silver pine, 3 years, . . 1,000

European larch, 2 years, . . 5,000

Norway spruce, 2 years, . . 5,000

Homer S. Metzger, White Deer Forest, Tea Spring Division.

White pine, 2-1 year, . . . 5,000

Scotch pine, 2 years, . . 2,000

Norway spruce, 2-1 year, . . . 2,000

C. 0. Miner, Stone Forest, Chatham Division.

White pine, 2 years, . . 126,500

Silver pine, 3 years, . . 5,000

European larch, 2 years, . . 3,939

Norway spruce, 2 years, . . 7,300

T. Roy Morton, Seven Mountain Forest, Barree Division.

White pine, 1-2 year, . . 300

l»aul H. Mulford, Stone Forest, Asaph Division.

White pine, 2 years, . . 22,000

Scotch pine, 2 years, . . 4,100

Silver pine, 3 years, . . 3,188

Norway spruce, 2 years, . . 21,800

Walter M. Mumma, Young Woman's Creek Forest.

Red pine, 2 years, . . 10,000

M. O. Robinson, Minisink Forest, Promised Land Division.

White pine, 2-1 year, . . . 10,000

White ash, 1 year, . . . 9,175

No. 26 DEPARTMENT Oi^ FORESTRY.

A. E. Rupp, Buchanan Forest.

Species. Age. Number.

White pine, 3 years, . . ^10,000

J. B. Ryon, Whetham Forest.

Sugar maple, 2 years, . . 4,622

A. C. Silvius, White Deer Forest, Buffalo Division.

White pine, 2-1 year, . . 34,400

E. H. Smith, Bald Eagle Forest.

White pine, 2-1 year, . . 10,000

Norway spruce, 2-1 year, . . 10,000

Black walnut, 1 year, . . 210

John L. Strobeck Minisink Forest, Pocono Division.

Balsam fir, 5 years, . . 12

n. A. Thomson, Black Forest.

White pine, 3 years, . . 20,100

Pitch pine, 2 years, . . 8,716

Red pine, .2 years, . . 1,000

H. Lawrence Vail, Sinnemahoning Forest, Hull Division.

White pine, 2 years, . . 11,500

White pine, 3 years, . . 60,000

Silver pine, 3 years, . . 5,000

A. B. Wells, Grays Run Forest.

White pine, 3 years, . . 10,000

White pine, 2-1 year, . . . 8,000

Norway spruce, 2 years, . . 1,500

Norway spruce, 2-1 year, . . . 10,000

John R. Williams, South Mountain Forest, Pine Grove Division.

White pine, 3 years, . . 50,000

R. B. Winter, White Deer Forest, McCall Division.

White pine, 2-1 year, . . . 1,000

Norway spruce, 2-1 year, . . . 1,000

97

Seedlings from the Greenwood Nursery.

Tom O. Bietsch, Seven Mountain Forest, Greenwood Division.

White pine, 2 years, .. 47,000

Scotch pine, 2 years, . . 11,800

Red pine, 2 years, . . 17,000

7—26—1915

98 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.

A. W. Badine, Kothrock Forest.

Species. Age. Number.

White pine, 2 years, . . 36,400

W. L. Byers, Bedford Forest.

White pine, 3 years, . . 20,000

W. B. Evans, Sinnemahoning Forest, Sizerville Division.

White pine, 2 years, . . 80,000

Scotch pine, 2 years, . . 20,000

Red pine, 2 years, . . 2,000

W. Elmer Houpt, Trough Creek Forest.

White pine, 3 years, . . 15,000

Walter D. Ludwig, Seven Mountain Forest, Bear Meadows Division.

White pine, 2 years, . . 80,000

White pine, 3 years, . . 23,000

Scotch pine, 2 years, . . 1,000

C^harles R. Meek, Seven Mountain Forest, Coburn Division.

White pine, 2 years, . . 100,000

Charles R. Meek, Seven Mountain Forest, Poe Division.

White pine, 2 years, . . 25,000

J. B. Ryon, Whetham Forest.

White pine, 2 years, . . 20,400

Scotch pine, 2 years, . . 4,000

George W. Sheeler, Hopkins Forest, Snow Shoe Division.

White pine, 3 years, . . 5,000

Scotch pine, 2 years, . . 5,000

E. H. Smith, Bald Eagle Forest.

White pine, 3 years, . . 20,000

Scotch pine, 2 years, . . 9,000

D. Kerr Warfield, Seven Mountain Forest, Kishacoquillas Division.

White pine, 2 years, . . 29,500

Red pine, 2 years, . . 2,000

Seedlings from the Caledonia Nursery.

N. R. McNaughton, Clearfield Forest, Karthaus Division.

White pine, 1-2 year, . . . 17,000

Norway spruce, 1-2 year, . . . 8,000

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

9e

Robert G. Conklin, South Mountain Forest, Caledonia Division.

Species. Age.

White pine, 1-1 yr..

White pine, 1-3 yr.,

Norway spruce, 1-1 yr.,

Norway spruce, 1-2 yr.,

Scotch pine, 1-1 yr.,

Scotch pine, 1-2 yr..

Number.

6,800
1,380
9,050
700
800
5,750

Total seedling trees from the Mont Alto Nursery,
planted during 1913,

Total seedling trees from the Asaph Nursery
planted during 1913,

Total seedling trees from the Greenwood Nursery
planted during 1913,

Total seedling trees from the Caledonia Nursery
planted during 1913,

Total cuttings from the Mont Alto Nursery,

Total seedling trees from the experimental nurseries
of foresters planted during 1913,

Total cuttings from experimental nurseries of fores-
ters planted during 1913,

221,880

2,285,283

573,100

49,480
5,000

37,200

3,500

Total State Forest planting, 1913,

3,175,503

Plantings during 1913 by species :

White pine, 2,540,245

91,070

9,116

63,805

33,688

1,000

10,939

Norway spruce, 375,841

Scotch pine,

Pitch pine,

Red pine,

Silver pine,

Pinus ponderosa,
European larch, .

Balsam fir, . . .
White ash, . . .
Black cherry, .
American elm.
Honey locust,
Sugar maple.
Red onk

22

17,175

6,405

10

1,155

4,622

490

* » »•»

». • »»

* •

» :•

• ».»

j(^ REPORT OF THE ^ Off. Doc

White oak, 1>^^^

Black walnut, - ^»^^^

Willow cuttings, 8,300

Privet, 200

Total, 3,175,503

A statement of the State Forest planting by years to date:

Year. Current Number Total to Date.

1902, 5,000 5,000

1903' 1,600 6,600

1901,' 5,500 12,100

1905,' 40,000 52,100

1906' 112,550 164,650

1907' 36,930 201,580

1908 88,098 289,678

1909', 750,318 1,039,996

1910' 1,110,018 2,150,014

191l| 1,771,454 3,921,468

1912' 1,915,429 5,836,897

1913^ 3,175,503 9,012,400

PKIVATE PLANTING OF SEEDLING TREES SUPPLIED BY

THE DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

Under authority conferred by act of 22d April, 1909, P. L. 115,
the Department supplies to individuals for forestry and woodlot
planting such seedling trees as it is able to spare after its own neces-
sities are provided for. These are sold at cost of production and
the amount of money thus realized is paid into the State Treasury.
During the year 1912, individual applications were received and
seedlings forwarded as follows :

From the Mont Alto Nursery.

Ralph E. Brock, West Chester.

Species. Age. Number.

Red oak, 1 yr., .... 10,000

H. A. Coryell, Sunbury.

White pine, 1-2 yr., 5,000

NdFway spruce, 2 yr., .... 5,000

No. 26. DEPARTMENT OP FORESTRY. 101

L. K. Stubbs, West Chester.

Species. Age. Number.

Red oak, 1 yr., .... 2,000

H. B. Rowland, Sanatoga.

Red oak, 1 yr., .... 4,000

J. A. Singmaster, Gettysburg,

Red oak, 1 yr., 7,000

Charles S. Vail, New Milford.

White pine, 1-2 yr., 1,000

Red oak, 1 yr., .... 1,000

Total seedlings from the Mont Alto Nursery, 35,000

J
From the Asaph Nursery.

W. T. Creasy, Catawissa.

White pine, 2-1 yr., .... 100

Norway spruce, 2-1 yr., 100

Scotch pine, 2-1 yr., .... 100

D. W. Dietrich, Reading.

Honey locust, 1 yr., 2,000

Dr. H. S. Drinker, South Bethlehem.

White pine, 2-1 yr., .... 10,000

Norway spruce, 2-1 yr., .... 5,000

Elmer E. Ehrgood, Pottstown.

Scotch pine, 2-1 yr., 200

European larch, 2 yr., 200

White ash, 2 yr., 200

Sugar maple, 2 yr., 200

Frank McFarlane, Oak Hall.

Norway spruce, 2-1 yr., 2,000

Kenneth Reid, Connellsville.

White pine, 2-1 yr., .... 5,000

Leonard Rhone, Centre Hall.

White pine, 3 yr., ;. .• . ,.. v . :a,000

r

102

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

H. B. Rowland, Sauatoga.

Species. Age.

White pine, 2-1 yr.,

Number.
3,000

A. E. Strode, Camp Hill.
White ash,

4 yr.,

Total seedlings irom the Asaph Nursery,

Seedlings from the Greenwood Nursery.

America'n Bridge Co., Pencoyd.

White ash, 2 yr.,

Red oak, 1 yr.,

Total seedlings from the Greenwood Nursery,

Seedlings from the Caledonia Nursery.

Dr. H. M. Carey, Spring City.

White pine, 1-3 yr.,

A. E. Thomas, Supt., Mt. Gretna.

White pine, 1-3 yr.,

Total seedlings from the Caledonia Nursery,

29,104

1,000
1,000

2,000

500
250

750

Total seedlings for private forest planting during 1912.

Mont Alto Nursery,

Asaph Nursery,

Greenwood Nursery,
Caledonia Nursery,

35,000

29,104

2,000

750

Total,

66,854

SEEDLINGS FURNISHED FOR PRIVATE PLANTING, 1913.

From the Mont Alto Nursery.

Hon. Robert S. Conklin, Columbia.

Privet cuttings,

C. J. Middleswarth, Troxelville.

PriivM cutti-igs,
• *. 't« •• *

700

175

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

t03

Philadelphia Forestry Exhibit.

Species.
Black cherry,

Age.

Pittsburgh Forestry Exhibit.

White pine, 1

White pine, 2

European larch, 1

Norway spruce, 1

Norway spruce, 2

White oak, 1

Red oak, 2

Black walnut, 1

Sycamore, 2

yr.,
yr.,
yr.,
yr.,
yr.,
yr.,
yr.,
yr.,
yr..

Total seedlings from the Mont Alto Nursery,
Cuttings,

Number.
100

250
50
50

250
50
50
50
50
50

950

875

From the Asaph Nursery.

M. L. Benn, Coudersport.

Scotch pine, 2 yr.,

European larch, 2 yr.,

Norway spruce, 2-1 yr..

White ash, 1 yr.,

Charles E. Brey, Red Hill.

White pine, 2-1 yr.,

Norw^ay spruce, 2-1 yr..

White ash, 1

Honey locust, 1

Sugar maple, 2

yr.,
yr.,
yr.,

Harry S. Calvert, Sharpsburg,

White pine, 5 yr.,

Norway spruce, 2-1 yr.,

Pitch pine, 2

Balsam fir, 5

White ash, 1

Red oak, 2

yr.,
yr.,
yr.,
yr..

Elmer E. Ehrgood, Pottstown.

White pine, 2-1 yr.,

Scotch pine, 2 yr.,

European larch, 2 yr.,

White ash, 1 yr.,

12
5

250
12

1,500

1,000

1,000

750

500

25
25
25
10
25
25

200
200
200
400

i

104 REPORT OF THE

Species. -^S®-

Honey locust, 1 J^y •

Sugar maple, 2 yr., .

Black walnut, 1 y^-> •

Mrs. C. M. Fisher, Irwin.

Sugar maple, 2 yr., .

R. H. Ferguson, Oxford.

White pine, 2-1 yr., .

Honey locust, 1 J^-y •

Black walnut, 1 7^-^ •

Albert Karhan, Sabinsville.

White pine, 2-1 yr., .

Norway spruce, 2-1 yr., ,

Lehigh University, South Bethlehem.

White pine, 2-1 yr., .

Norway spruce, 2-1 yr..

Red pine, 2 yr.,

Pittsburgh Forestry Exhibit.

Sugar maple, 2 yr.,

American elm, 2 yr.,

Philadelphia Forestry Exhibit.

White pine, .2 yr.,

White pine, 3 yr.,

European larch, 2 yr.,

Norway spruce, 2 yr.,

Norway spruce, 3 yr.,

Pitch pine, 2 yr..

Red pine, 2 yr.,

White ash, 1 yr.,

Honey locust, 1 yr.,

Black walnut, 1 yr.,

J. L. Rockey, Mt. Gretna.

White pine, 2-1 yr.,

Norway spruce, 2-1 yr.,

J. A. Seguine, Cresco.

White pine, 2-1 yr.,

Norway spruce, 2-1 yr.,

Honey locust, 1 yr..

Black walnut, 1 yr.,

Off. Doc.

Number.
200
200
200

1,000

• • • «

1,000
750
100

2,000
2,000

5,000
5,000
5,000

50
50

300
200
300
300
200
300
300
100
100
90

500
500

500
1,000
1,000

100

No. 26. DEPARTMENT OP FORESTRY.

G. A. Stebbins, Sabinsville.

Species. Age.
White pine, 1-2 yr.,

A. E. Strode, Camp Hill.

White ash, 3 yr.,

W. W. Thompson, Coudersport.

White ash, 1 yr.,

;i'otal seedlings from the Asaph Nursery,

105

Number.
100

From the Caledonia Nursery.

Dr. H. M. Carey, Spring City.

White pine, .1-2 yr.,

Scotch pine, 1-1 yr.,

European larch, 1-1 yr., ....

Norway spruce, 1-2 yr.,

White ash, 1 yr.,

H. K. Deisher, Kutztown.

White pine, 1-3 yr., . . . .

Scotch pine, 1-1 yr.,

Norway spruce, 1-2 yr.,

White ash, 1 yr.,

Cyrus G. Derr, Reading.

White pine, 1-2 yr.,

W. H. Ennis, Harrisburg.

White pine, 2-3 yr.,

C. R. Pendleton, Bryn Athyn.

Norway spruce, 1-2 yr.,

Philadelphia Forestry Exhibit.

White pine, 1-2 yr.,

Hon. Leonard Rhone, Centre Hall.

White pine, 1-3 yr.,

Norway spruce, 1-2 yr., . . . .

!. C. Williams, Royersford.

White pine, 2-3 yr.,

500

35,108

3,000
100
375
500
500

200
100
100
200

3,000

500

60

1,000
1.000

50

^

106 REPOIIT OF THE

Samuel S. Wylie, Shippensburg.

White pine, 1-3 yr.,

Scotch pine, 1-1 jr.,

Norway spruce, 1-2 yr.,

White ash, 1 yr.,

Off. Doc.

25
25
25
25

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

107

Total seedlings from the Caledonia Nursery,

10,790

From the Metal Nursery.

Philadelphia Forestry Exhibit.

Norway spruce, 2-2 yr., 50

Total seedlings furnished duing 1913 for individual
use, 46,898

Cuttings, 875

For certain of the above seedlings, being for public purposes,
the Department made no charge; likewise also certain others which
were sent out for experimental purposes. These include the ship-
ment to Dr. Carey at Spring City for planting upon the grounds of
the State Institution for Feeble-Minded, those to Mr. Williams
for experimental planting in dry shale, and those to the Pittsburgh
and Philadelphia Forestry Exhibits.

PENNSYLVANIA FOREST TOPOGRAPHIC AND STOCK SUR-
VEY AND NURSERY INVESTIGATION.

In July, 1913, at the request of the Commissioner of Forestry,
Forester W. Gardiner Conklin submitted a plan for a proposed topo-
graphic and stock survey of the State Forests, to be coupled with
a general investigation of the subject of local seed collection, seed
germination, and the growing of seedling trees in State Forest
nurseries. Prior to this time, in the early part of the year. Forester
Conklin was directed to report to the Department for such general
service preparatory to taking up tftis work as might be necessary
and useful. He submits his report on these preliminary activities,
which will be found in its proper place under report of the forester
in charge of Jacks Mountain Division, Seven Mountain Forest, page
365.

The progress of the topographic work and the stock survey is shown
by his report which follows:

TOPOGRAPHIC AND STOCK SURVEY, 1913.

W. Gardiner Conklin, Forester.

Early in the year of 1913 the proposition was advanced to have
Topographic Surveys made of the State Forests, and at the same
time take notes on growth and soil conditions from which the many
types of forest and other productive and unproductive lands be-
longing to the Commonwealth might be made available. In other
words, this effort is intended to be an inventory by acreage of the
various types of land under the control of the Department of Forestry.

On July 28th, I submitted a "Proposal for Topographic and Stock
Surveys of Pennsylvania State Forests," the introduction to which
was the following statement:

"The State of Pennsylvania, through the Department of Forestry,
has been acquiring land for State Forests since 1898, and to-day
owns a total of 983,529 acres, 29.24 perches, for which |2,219,774.26
has been paid. But does the State of Pennsylvania or the Department
of Forestry itself know just what it does own? What do we know
about the growth in the aggregate found on this land? What is the
area of stands of merchantable timber, or its approximate volume; the
area of stands not in need of improvement, or the area needing im-
provement; the area upon which there is little or nothing of value,
or the area which will never produce anything of value except by
artificial means? ?2,219,774.26 has been paid for land and we cannot
give even approximate estimates of its value for there are no figures
available from which computations or estimates of its value can be
made. There is no doubt but that the Department has received
full value for the money spent in the acquisition of land, but this
does not alter the fact that it should know more definitely what it
is worth to-day."

I was then instructed to prepare plans for making these surveys
and did so, completing them about the first of September. These
plans were approved.

Following is a copy of the plans as approved. A copy is sup-
plied to each forester before taking up the survey of his division:

It being the intention of the Department of Forestry to have Topo-
graphic and Stock Surveys made of all State Forests, each forester
will be directed to assume charge of the work on his division. In
order that the surveys may be made in a uniform manner, the fol-
lowing plans have been worked out and must be strictly adhered
to. The work will at all times be under the direction of the De-
partment.

I

108

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

Thus far comparatively little forestry, aside from protec '"^on, has
been practiced on State Forests. This is as it should have been,
for protection in pioneer forestry is the all-important factor to begin
with. But the time is at hand when we must look to a more advanced
practice of forestry.

Forest Management plans depend upon the character of the growth
to be dealt with, nature of the soil, topography, the location of roads,
trails, fire lanes, streams, springs, swamps, and all other features
of the forest. To know thoroughly all of these features a survey
must necessarily be made and maps thereof plotted.

Forest Protection depends largely upon topographic features and
character of growth. More thorough protective plans can be laid
out after surveys are made and the results shown in map form.

Silvicultural principles can better be put into operation after
a survey of stock is made; for the various areas upon which the
growth requires different methods of treatment, can better be
planned for. This is important both from the management point
of view and in order to show the Commission and the people what
work is necessary to bring about the best forestal conditions.

Of great importance it is to determine the area and approximate
amount of merchantable timber and of virgin stands. The area can
be determined from the proposed survey, and the approximate amount
of timber estimated by the forester at any future time by the sample
plot method.

The following is little more than a synopsis of the method to be
followed in making the survey. Owing to the varied conditions
which will be encountered with this work on the different forests,
more explicit directions are not practicable, for details will vary
with different conditions.

As a majority of the foresters have Tracy's "Plane Surveying,"
this book will be used for reference. Whenever reference is made,
as "Page 117, Par. 170," it refers to a page and paragraph in
Tracy.

FIELD WOKK.
Traverses. (Page 117, Par. 170.)

KINDS. — Traverse lines will be of two kinds and may be styled,
for convenience, primary or base lines, and secondary lines. The
primary or base lines will be run with the transit and should follow
the principal roads, trails, or fire lanes, and connections made where
ever convenient to do so; in other words, close the traverses. De-
fiection angles will be taken. (Page 117, Par. 168. Page 155.)

The secondary lines will be run with an open sight compass (pp.
21)3-297) and should consist of traverses within the transit traverses,

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

109

forming a network. These lines may follow streams, roads, trails,
or fire lanes not run with the transit; the summits of mountains;
or the boundaries of different kinds of growths. In cases where
growth conditions within a primary traverse are similar and there
are few changes in contour, secondary traverses therein may be

omitted.

All traverse lines will be measured with feet as the unit of measure
Consequently before plotting in the forest boundary lines which have
been measured in rods, their length will necessarily be converted
from rods to feet, a table for which has been supplied each forester.
Notes of growth will be taken along all lines, whether primary
or secondary, and care must be observed to take such notes in clear,
concise form, remembering that areas of different growths must be
carefully located later on the maps, and that others who know
nothing about your region may have to plot your notes.

The number and location of transit lines will depend upon the
size of the division of the forest, the topography, the location of
open roads, etc., but they will usually follow the main roads or run
through the main valleys. Connecting lines will be made every five
or six miles, or wherever convenient. This, however, must be deter-
mined on the ground. The closing of traverses is very important
as they serve as checks on both field and office work.

STAKTING POINTS.— The starting point of traverses should be
points of known location, as corners of the State Forest, and corners
should be tied up to wherever practicable. This pertains to county
and township corneis as well as corners of the forest boundary.

In localities where conditions will allow, one or more conaplete
circuits or traverses should be completed each day. That is, by
evening, work back to the point of beginning in the morning. This
may be possible only in running the secondary or open sight compass
lines, but in some regions it may be practicable with the primary

lines.

MAGNETIC DECLINATION.— (Pp. 541-542). The magnetic
declination of the needle shall be set off on the transit and compass
so that readings will correspond to true north and south. The
declination, which may be difficult to obtain in some localities, may
be calculated and be of sufficient accuracy for this work. The mag
netic declination in this State is west. If a true meridian has been
established anywhere in your locality, the transit and compass
should be set up over this meridi..ii line before starting the survey
and the declination on the instrument corrected.

STATIONS— STAKES.— Each line of the traverses should be
known by a letter of the alphabet and the stations numbered consec-
utively, as A^ A*, A^ etc.

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REPORT OF THE

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No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

111

It will uot be necessary to mark each station by a stake, but at
intervals of i to ^ mile a set of three stakes, marked with the numbers
of the stations should be set at the three succeeding stations. At
points from which connecting lines are to be made, whether primary
or secondary, a set of three stations should be marked by stakes.
Sets of three stations should also be marked by stakes carefully
numbered, at points where foresters on adjoining divisions will be
able to tie to. This includes both primary and secondary traverses,
but more particularly the prinmry.

In order to save carrying stakes when making the traverses, they
may be distributed at intervals along the proposed lines beforehand.

All stakes should be made of oak or some other tough wood, pre-
ferably seasoned, for keel marks will not be washed off so easily as
on green wood. They should be sawed in two sizes, 2"x2"xl2" long,
and l"xl|"xl8" long. The 2"x2''xl2" stakes will mark the station
proper, and be driven nearly flush with the ground. The l"^li"xl8"
stakes will be guard stakes and be marked with the name of the line
and number of the station. Blue keel will be used for primary
or transit lines, and red keel for secondary lines.

CHECK. — Prominent points, as a gap or peak of a mountain, should
be picked out occasionally, and the bearing to this point taken from
different stations. From the intersection of these lines, pratically
a triangular method, when plotting the survey, the location of
these points can be determined. They will also serve as a check
on the survey. This is particularly true and advisable when run-
ning the secondary lines, for mistakes in reading bearings from
open sight compasses are apt to occur and checks in this method
of traversing are lacking.

CREW. — The crew when running the primary lines should consist
of 1 transitman (the forester) who shall also keep the notes; 2
rodmen, 2 chainmen.

An axeman may be needed part of the time but usually little
cutting will be necessary as tne traverses will generally follow roads,
and other open lines. What little cutting is needed may be done by
the rodmen or chainmen.

When running secondary lines, a crew should usually consist of
three men, the forester and two others, one or both of whom may
be rangers. The forester will be instrument man and note keeper.
The other two men will be chainmen. One will also perform the
duties of rodman and the other will carry a small axe. It may fre-
quently be necessary to provide one or two axemen when running
where there *are no roads or trails to follow.

ELEVATIONS.

BENCH MARKS (Differential Leveling, Page 242 and pp. 248
to 253.) — One or more accurate bench marks should be established
on the division before any other work is started, a Wye level being
used. The nearest bench mark in the neighborhood of the forest will
usually be found along railroads, and their location and elevation may
be obtained from the company.

The crew will consist of two men, a levelman (the forester) and
a rodman.

PROFILE LEVELING (pp. 242 and 251).— Using the bench marks
as starting points, thereafter all elevations will be obtained by the
vertical angle method (page 98). When running primary lines,
the vertical angle will be taken to each station from the vertical
arc on the transit. Where the contour of the land is variable,
elevations of points around the stations should be taken. (Inter-
mediate stations.)

With secondary lines, elevations will be taken by the use of a
Military Clinometer or Abney Level. An aneroid barometer may
be substituted for the clinometer or Abney level to obtain elevations
along the secondary lines. The vertical angle to prominent points,
as mountain tops, to which bearings are taken from different tra-
verse stations, should also be read and noted. The distance to
these points can be measured on the map after the point is located
by intersecting lines.

STOCK.

In order to locate the boundaries of diflierent types of growth,
measurements may be made from a station or stations, both from
primary and secondary lines, to the edge, and the bearing and meas-
ured distance noted. Streams, springs, buildings, and camp sites,
may be located in the same manner. Width of streams and size
of springs and buildings should be taken and noted (Page 133, Par.
194).

OUTLINE OF AREAS TO BE DETERMINED FOR STOCK IN-
VENTORY AND NOTES TAKEN ACCORDINGLY.

A. Areas of virgin forest and virgin timber (noting the distinction),
mature or hypermature forest, and approximately the volume of
material it would produce. Note species, undergrowth, soil, and
humus.

8

112

REPORT OF THE

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No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

113

r.

ll

f

B. Areas covered with stands having a density of 50 per cent, or

over, giving species, character of undergrowth, soil, and humus.
This area to be divided into two classes:

1. Area not in need of improvement.

2. Area in need of improvement. This area to be subdivided

into two classes.

a. Area upon which thinnings or improvement cuttings

should be made.

b. Area upon which the growth should be reinforced by

planting or seed sowing.

C. Areas with scattered trees, from a density of 10 per cent, to 50

per cent., giving species, character of undergrowth, soil, and
humus. This area to be divided into two classes:

1. Area which will be reforested naturally.

2. Area which must be artifically reforested.

D. Areas not included in the above but covered with scrub oak,

bracken, sweet fern, briars, huckleberry bushes, and weeds. This
area to be divided into two classes:

1. Area which will be reforested naturally.

2. Area which must be artificially reforested.

E. Areas of open ground where seed or seedlings may be planted

now with little or no difficuty, as old fields and mill sites,
r. Areas recently burned and date of fire. Take notes on the damage

done, character of growth now, and general conditions found.
G. Areas covered with water; lakes, dams, ponds, streams, and

spri ^ i.
H. Areas used for roads, trails, and fire lanes.
I. Areas under cultivation; farms.

Each forester should be well enough acquainted with growth con-
ditions to know approximately at least the boundary of different
classes of growth. For instance, he should know the extent of a
certain area upon whcih the growth would be classed as 50 per
cent, density or over, and upon which there is a scattering of mer-
chantable timber which should be removed to give the young growth
better chance.

It may frequently be possible to obtain data as to the boundaries
of different kinds of growth by measuring from the forest's sur-
veyed corners and lines, and thereby save the running of certain
lines.

Particular care should be used in locating virgin tracts of timber,
merchantable stands, plantations, and areas lately burned. In some
instances it may be advisable to run around these areas, especially
virgin timber and plantations.

INSTRUMENTS AND MATERIALS.

A Wye Level and a Philadelphia Level Rod for establishing bench
marks. One bench mark on each division will usually suffice.

Randolph Mountain Transit for running primary traverses and for
taking vertical angles. A level rod and range pole will be used witli
the transit.

A K. and E. Open Sight Compass will be used for the secondary
traverses, and either a Military Clinometer or an Ahney Level for
taking vertical angles. One range pole will be necessary.

A. K. and E. 50 foot chain and 14 inch steel arrows (marking pins)
will be used in measuring the horizontal distances.

A single lens magnifying glass will be used in reading angles.

Note books, blue and red keel, pencils, ink, erasers, and detail paper
will be furnished as required.

Each forester is expected to have his own set of drafting instru-
ments which should include:

1 protractor,
1 straight edge,
1 45° triangle,
1.30° X 60° triangle,
1 triangular scale,
1 ruling pen.

Each forester will be charged with the instruments and material
sent him which are the property of the Department and no inter-
changing of instruments must take place without f.uthority to do so.
This rule is imperative.

Care of instruments (pp. 607 to 619). Read carefully and act ac-
cordingly.

NOTES.

All notes should be full and complete, the forester not trusting
to memory for any detail that will be valuable when plotting. These
notes should be taken while in the field and not left to be worked
up in the office. He should bear in mind that others will have to use
his notes. Notes on growth may require so many lines that few
transit or compass station notes can be placed on one page. This
simply means leaving vacant lines on the left hand page. Or, if it
can be done without crowding or interfering with the transit notes,
(occasionally details of growth, or other items may be noted on the
left hand page.

8—26—1915

\

114

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

ilo

M

Primary Trai;erses.— Topographic note books will be used, the eight
columns on the left hand page being arranged as follows :

Angle.

A A^A*.

A^A^A',

A". .

A^A'A*.
A8A*A»,

Value.

Bearing.

Corrected
Bearing.

2° 7'L.

16°20'L,

15°20'L.

N 49''20'W.
N 66°40'W,

N 60°E, .
S 20'W. ..
N 81°0'W.

N 49»17'W,

N G5°37'W,

N 80°57'W.

A'A*

A«A»

A«A*

igth.

Vertical

Elevation.

Angle.

860

2» 3'+

B.

M. 968.

400

S-'IO'—

980.8
958.7

260

4° +

996.8

820

3°30'—

961.2

400

4°ao'—

958.7
928.4

Secondary Traverses. — Itegular field note books should be used for
this, the six columns on the left hand page being arranged as follows :

station.

A 16,...

n 1, ".

n 2, ...

n 3. ..

n 3,

Line.

A 16 n 1,
n 1 n 2,
n 1 n 3,

n 3 n 4,

Length.

326

250
275

300

280

Bearing.

S.42°E, .,
S.50°30'B,
S.60°15'E.

N.20°W,
N.SCE, .

VerticaL Elevation.

5°30'+

1046.

4° —

1077.4

2<'30'+

1068.9

ion. 9

3=30' +

1078.3

2," -

1060.1

1071.9

The elevations of the regular stations given in the first column and
indicated by the middle letter and a number in that column are on
the same line in tlie last column. Tlie data to obtain the elevation
(vertical angle and length of the line), however, are on the first line
above. In other words, the vertical angle and length of the line taken
from one station are used to obtain the elevation of the following
station. For example: The angle given in tlie first column is A A^ A^
and the station over which the instrument is set is A^ The length of
the line to station A^ is 360 feet and the vertical angle to station A^ is
2° 3'+. The elevation of station A^ (968 feet) is on the same line and
to get the elevation of station A^ the length of the line A^ A^ (360
feet) and the vertical angle to station A^ (2°3'+) is used to get the
elevation of station A^, and is set down on the line of the angle A^ A^
A* which is the line for station A^.

With intermediate stations the vertical angle to and the elevation
of the station are on the same line. Tlie elevation of each intermediate
station is calculated from the elevation of the station from which
the vertical angles are taken.

When side shots to intermediate stations are taken, allow at least
one line vacant, except for the calculated elevation for the next regu-
lar station. Upon returning to the regular line, bring down the ele-
vation figure to the line of the proper station, as in Sta. x 3 of sample

page. This does not mean that the elevations will be worked out ii^
the field, but is mentioned so that notes in the field may be properly
taken.

Consult Tracy for Field Notes, pages 164-169.

Sketches of contours, roads, streams, and other features, should
usually be made on the left side of tlie right hand page of the note
book, keeping the right side for notes on growth.

Leveling for Bench Alarks. — A level note book should be used for
this, the columns on' the left hand page being arranged as follows:

station.

B. S.

n. I.

F. S.

Elevation.

(Page 240, Form B.).

Kules for checking level notes (page 242).

The right hand page will be used to give the location of the turning
points and bench marks.

OFFICE WORK.

Calculations. — Calculations for correcting the bearings of transit
traverses will be made each day and never allowed to accumulate.
(Pages 378 to 383).

Calculations of elevations will also be done on the same day as
the running and kept to date.

Plotting the Survey. — A rough sketch or map must be made by the
forester running the survey, and each week's notes must be plotter!
by the end of the week. If it be found necessary to do this on Satur-
day no field work need be done on that day.

The final plotting of surveys will be done in the ofifice at Harris-
burg. At the end of each month or any date set by this Department,
the note books used that month or period of time set by the Depart-
ment and the rough sketches must be in shape to be sent to this office
where they can be used in the final plotting.

All traverses will be plotted on a scale of 800 feet to the inch
and contours will be made at 20-foot intervals.

Correspondence. — No correspondence relating to this work is to be
incorporated into letters containing other official correspondence. Ad-
dress all communications to llobert S. Conklin, Commissioner of
Forestry, indicating on letter ^'File T. and S. S." Indicate also on
lower left hand corner of the envelope containing correspondence re-
lating to this work, the letters "T. and S. S." Neglect to do this
may result in unnecessary dela}' in answering communications.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

117

116

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

ACCOUNT CHARGES.
Separate account charges are to be kept with :
1. Leveling for Bench Marks.— ( Note distance run and name of line
or lines by letter).

a. Time, rate, and cost :

b. Extra charges:

b. Extra charges:

i'

Foresters,

Rangers,

Labor.

Hauling,

Camping,

Other charges,

Pro-rata charges.

2. Primary Traverses and Elevations. (Note distance run and name

of line or lines by letter).

a. Time, rate, and cost : Foresters,

Rangers,
Labor.
Hauling,
Camping,
Other charges.
Pro-rata charges.

3. Secondary Traverses and Elevations. (Note distance run and

name of line or lines by letter).

a. Time, rate, and cost : Foresters,

Rangers,
Labor.

b. Extra charges: Hauling,

Camping,
Other charges.
Pro-rata charges.
4 Stock Inventory. (Note name of line or lines by letter). When-
ever extra time is used in taking stock inventories, making
sample plots, etc., this should be charged to Stock Inventories.

a. Time, rate, and cost : Foresters,

Rangers,
Labor.

b. Extra charges: Hauling,

Camping,
Other charges,
Pro-rata charges.

5. Prorata Account. In the Pro-rata account are charged expense
items against the Topographic and Stock Survey work which
cannot rightfully be charged directly to any one particular
operation, but which are an expense to the work as a whole.
This would include cost of stakes, traveling expenses, except
when incurred by going to and from work by train, express-
age on instruments, etc., etc. It is a depository for such items
of expense which belong to this work but which do not belong
to a specific operation in connection with the work.

When the survey of your division is completed, the amount
of the Pro-rata account will be apportioned to the various other
accounts, giving the Pro-rata account credit, thus balancing
that account.

Each forester should be prepared at any time to submit to the De-
partment his accounts as above outlined. They should be kept up to
date and in such form as to be intelligible to others as well as to him-
self. The matter of itemized costs is important and should never
be neglected. Always give the name of the line or lines known by a
letter of the alphabet, and the length of each upon which the expendi-
tures were made.

DIFFERENCE IN ELEVATION TABLES.

In connection with the Topographic and Stock Survey work it
was found necessary to make up tables from which the difference
in elevations could be quickly obtained, given the horizontal distance
and the vertical angle. These tables will be used in determining the
elevation of all points to which the vertical angle has been taken
in both primary and secondary traverses.

Two tables have been prepared and published in separate pamphlet
form. For this reason they are not reproduced herein.

PROGRESS OF THE SURVEYS MADE IN 1913.

It was decided to make a survey of the Seven Mountain Forest
first. This forest includes portions of Huntingdon, Mifflin, Centre,
Union, and Snyder counties, comprises an area of approximately
145,152 acres, and is divided into the following seven divisions. The
approximate area of and the forester in charge of each division are
also given.

SEVEN MOUNTAIN STATE FOREST.

Kishacoquillas Division, 33,800 acres. Forester D. Kerr Warfield.

Coburn Division, 15,000 acres. Forester Chas. R. Meek.

Bear Meadows Division, 21,000 acres. Forester Walter D. Ludwig.

Greenwood Division, 23,000 acres, Forester Tom O. Bietsch.

Barree Division, 18,923 acres, Forester T. Roy Morton.

Jacks Mountain Division, 19,429 acres, Forester John R. Elder.

Poe Division, 14,000 acres. Forester W. E. Montgomery.

118

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m

The plan was to have Messrs. Morton, Bietsch, Warfield, Ludwig,
and Meek start their surveys in the fall. They were requested to
report at this office on October 2nd to discuss the method of pro-
cedure and ways and means for carrying on the work.

Morton began the field work of the survey of the Barree Division
on October 6th by starting to run a line of levels through the division
along the Diamond Valley road to the Bear Meadows Division line.
Temporary bench marks were established about every half mile
along this line of levels and the line was completed October 20th.
His starting point was a Pennsylvania Railroad bench mark at
Petersburg station, the elevation of which was obtained from H. H.
Kussell, P. R. R. Division Engineer at Altoona, Pa. Mr. Russel also
very kindly established a bench mark over the railroad tunnel between
Spruce Creek and Barree.

Morton started his primary traverses after completing the line of
levels and continued with them until December 13th when weather
conditions made such work too difficult. He has nearly completed
his primary traverses, having run about 45 J miles of lines. The cost
of this amounted to |247.10 or at the rate of $5.40 per mile. His line
of levels extended for a distance of 12 miles and cost |53.80 at the
rate of |4.48 per mile. His pro-rata account amounts to |26.43 mak-
ing a total charge of $327.33 to date against the T. & S. S. work of the
Barree Division.

Meek began the survey of the Coburn Division with primary tra-
verses on October 14th and continued until November 7th, after which
he plotted the lines run. His start was made at Paddy Mountain
tunnel on the Lewisburg and Tyrone Division of the Pennsylvania
Railroad and a railroad bench mark on a bridge just west of the
tunnel served as a starting point from which to obtain elevations.

In all Meek ran about 17 miles of traverses which cost $124.80 or
at the rate of $7.34 per mile. His pro-rata account amounts to $29.57
making a total charge of $154.37 against the T & S. S. work of his di-
vision.

Morton and Meek each have the surveys of their respective divisions
well under way, having made good progress for the short time they
were able to work this fall. During the open hunting season for deer,
November 10th to 25th inclusive, no surveying was done. They are
prepared to take up the work again in the spring, as soon as weather
conditions are favorable, and will push their surveys to speedy com-
pletion.

Ludwig was unable to employ men to make up a crew for transit
surveying so made no start on his traverses. His work this fall was
limited to the establishing of bench marks on his division and one each
for Bietsch on the Greenwood division, and Montgomery on the Poe

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

119

division. Ludwig established bench marks for these foresters be-
cause he had a bench mark to start from, and neither Bietsch nor
Montgomery had convenient starting points. Then, too, it required
little extra work for Ludwig since the points of the other two di-
visions were comparatively close to the point at which he established
the bench mark for his own use. His starting point was a bench
mark on bridge No. 34 of the Lewisburg and Tyrone Division of the
Pennsylvania Railroad. A United States Geological Survey bench
mark at the intersection of the Linden Hall, Bear Meadows, and
Tusseyville roads was used later to check against.

The leveling done by Ludwig extended over a distance of 12J miles
and cost $85.48, or at the rate of $G.84 per mile. Of this amount
Ludwig has charged $22.23 against each Bietsch and Montgomery
for the work performed by him for them. Ludwig's pro-rata account
amounts to $33.80 giving a total charge against the T. & S. S. work
of $119.28.

Warfield was unable to begin his transit survey (primary tra-
verses) this fall but ran a line of levels from Paddy Mountain tunnel
through Ha vice vallej^ a distance of 8 miles to establish a bench mark
as a starting point in the spfring of 1914. This is the same bench
mark used by Meek near Paddy Mountain tunnel. The leveling work
cost $55.05 or at the rate of $0.88 per mile. His pro-rata account
amounts to $12.57, making a total of $67.62 charges against the T. &
S. S. work on the Kishacoquillas division.

Bietsch was unable to begin his survey this fall owing to pressure
of nursery and other work. He expects to take it up in the spring of
1914 as soon as weather conditions and spring nursery work will per-
mit.

As starting points to obtain elevations for the topographic work,
bench marks in the vicinty of the several divisions were used. For
the Barree division a list of bench marks and their locations was sup-
plied by H. H. Russel, Pennsylvania Railroad Division Engineer.
Altoona, Pa. J. M. Ewing, Assistant Division Engineer at Sunbury,
supplied a list for use on the Jacks Mountain and Kishacoquillas di-
visions, and J. B. Hutchinson, Jr., Division Engineer at Williams-
port, furnished a list for use with the Kishacoquillas, Poe, Coburn,
and Bear Meadows divisions.

Lists of bench marks and their locations were also furnished us
by the Pennsylvania Highway Department through Samuel D. Foster,
Chief Engineer, Harrisburg; C. S. Lemon, Assistant Engineer, Holli-
daysburg; and A. B. Gray, Assistant Engineer, Harrisburg, Pa.
These bench marks were established by the highway engineers along
State highways crossing the several divisions in Huntingdon, Mif-
flin, and Centre counties. T take this opiportunity of thanking them

! J

120

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc

for their courtesies and willing assistance rendered us by the informa-
tion which they supplied.

m

The investigation of the nursery practice, seed collection, seed
germination, nursery soil characteristics, and results in nursery prac-
tice, are embraced in the following report by Forester Conklin:

NURSERIES.
1913.

The Department of Forestry now has in the service three large
permanent nurseries and 18 small foresters' nurseries which produced
in the aggregate 3,038,000 seedlings, transplants, and cuttings avail-
able for 1014 spring planting. This is a fairly good showing, con-
sidering the fact that 1913 was a disastrous year for seedlings. The
late spring and early fall frosts caused large losses in the nursery
beds. This result indicates that the foresters are making every effort
toward intensive nursery management. The three large nurseries are
now well established and indicate increased production with each
succeeding year. The small nurseries are more or less of an experi-
mental nature and are maintained for their value to the public as
educators. Although failures are frequently reported, some of them
have given very good results. The nursery inventories for December,
1913, show close to 8,000,000 seedlings, transplants, and cuttings of
all ages in the 21 nurseries.

However, our seedlings still appear to cost too much when com-
pared to costs given out by other state nurseries and to prices quoted
by commercial houses. For this reason, it has long been a question
with the Department whether our nurseries are a success as a finan-
_cial proposition. If seedlings can be purchased from commercial
nurseries for less than our cost of raising them, then on the surface,
abandoning them would appear to be best. It is true that commercial
nurserymen frequently offer to the Department seedlings at a cost
below that at which ours are rated. For instance, in 1913, white
pines, 2 years old, were offered for .^2.10 per thousand, and those from
the Asaph nursery were rated at f 2.2.5 per thousand. This and other
such instances would indicate that there is something to be corrected
in our nurseries. It may be a low ratio of seedling production to seed
sown, or high labor cost and excessive overhead charges, or it may
be due to our method of charging nursery stock.

I will not attempt to suggest a solution to this question but will
cite a number of facts which influence cost of production, and which
may throw some light on the subject.

No. 2b.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

121

SEED. Next to labor, the gi'eatest cost factor is that of seed and
consequently this question should be given more than ordinary con-
sideration. Practically all our seed is purchased from commercial
firms outside of the State and these firms mtist make their profit.
Then shipfping charges add something to the cost. In 1912 the De-
partment purchased 1,025 pounds of white pine seed at a total cost
of 11,262.35 or about fl.25 per pound, and in 1913, 800 pounds at a
cost of $1,040.00 or fl.30 per pound. In the fall of 1911, Paul H.
Mulford gathered in the vicinity of Asaph 30 pounds of white pine
seed at a cost, uncleaned, of 42 cents per pound, which, compared to
J1.25 for the seed purchased for 1912 sowing, means considerable of
a cost item. In the fall of 1912 Tom O. Bietsch gathered in the vicinity
of Greenwood 35 pounds of white pine seed at a cost of less
than 50 cents pier pound, which, compared to $1.30 per pound for that
purchased in 1913, also shows considerable difference.

In other words, white pine seed was purchased for 1912 sowing at
a cost of about $1.25 per pound and that for 1913 sowing at a cost of
about $1.30 per pound which might hav3 been gathered in this State
by men now in the employ of the Department or by paying inhabi-
tants of the region where a seed year was in progress a certain sum
per bushel for the full cones.

Probably we could not expect to gather all of the seed required,
nor to gather large quantities at. the low cost of those gathered by
Mulford or Bietsch, but it is reasonable to suppose that with suit-
able equipment, a large part of the seed needed, especially white piine
and the broad leaved species, could be gathered at a cost below that
charged by commercial firms. Allowing 75 cents per pound as the
cost of gathering and cleaning white pine seed, more than 25 cents
above the actual cost of that gathered by Bietsch and Mulford, the
saving in 1912 would have been $512.50 and in 1913 it would have
been $440.00. In other words it would have meant a reduction of
about 20 cents per thousand on the cost of our seedlings. A saving
as large as this is worthy of thoughtful consideration, since it is one
of the large factors affecting the cost of seedlings.

To facilitate seed gathering, particularly conifers and other small
seed, certain equipment is necessary. Upon request, E. N. Jenckes of
the Asaph nursery, submitted the following list of articles to make
up a cone collecting outfit, suitable for a crew of five men and two
boys:

200 ft. i" hemp rope
300 ft. i" cotton rope
3 sets of body belts (supports)
6 hand pruners
3 pr. 12 ft. pruners

N^

122

REPORT OF THE

Ofif. Doc

I

3 pr. 8 ft. primers
3 pr. 6 ft. pruners
8 pr. climbers
1 gal. oil can
1 pt. squirt can

To this might be added blankets for spreading out under the tree
when removing the cones and also bags for shipping cones to the seed

house.

A fully equipped seed house for curing, drying, cleaning, and stor-
ing the seed would have to be provided at a centrally located pH)int.
Mr. Bietsch in his article following offers the suggestion that empty
cones could be sold for kindling. As a matter of fact, a large part,
if not all, of the empty cones could be used to supply heat for drying
out the green cones and thereby save purchasing other fuel. Mr.
Bietsch submitted the following article relating to seed gathering.

"Owing to the excessive cost of coniferous seed, T would like to sub-
mit a few figures relative to the collecting of tree seeds in this State.

"During the earlv fall of 1012. there being a partial seed year for
white pine in this vicinitv, we collected as mnny cones as possible.
Thirty cents per bushel were paid to the inhabitants for them.
In all, 42 bushels were gathered, which were dried on racks.

"The cones were shaken at least every week until no more seeds
could be loosened in this manner. Tliey were then thrown on the floor
and trampled upon, after which thev were hauled away on a wagon
and used for kindling. The floor of the seed room was swept as was
the bed of the wagon. This last operation netted about one-fourth of

the seed.

"The cost per pound of the ^^y piounds of seed obtained, including
ranger's time and labor for cleaning, was less than 50 cents. If the
seed house were located near a town the empty cones which double
in bulk when drying, could be sold for kindling, thereby slightly re-
ducing the cost of the seed. ,

"The same saving in the cost of the seeds by carrying on the opera-
tion yourself is true not only of white pine but hardwood species as

well. , XI- n -x i!

"Take for instance the black cherry. Many people use the fruit for

making wine. If cold water is used for soaking the meat from the

stones, the seed are not injured as regards their germinating vitality

and can be had for the asking."

The question here presents itself as to whether better germination
can be expected from locally gathered seed than from seed gathered
where climatic conditions are different. Opinions respecting this
differ and I do not know that experiments have proved anything de-
finite. There is a possibility that a part of the seed's vitality, in the
case of shipped-in seed, is exjucnded in overcoming somewhat adverse
conditions due to a change in climate.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY,

123

Mr. Bietsch further states that this home gathered white pine seed
produced healthier seedlings than that received from a commercial
house and that his results in 1013 far exceeded past efforts along this
line.

Mr. Mulford states that black cherry gathered in 1012 produced the
best germination that the nursery has had with the species and con-
tinuing says: -"Personal opinion is that local seed would give better
results, if facilities for handling and storing were the same." Of
course, there would be no use in collecting seed unless a suitable
house for drying, cleaning, and storing were provided.

In this connection a statement by Hon. C. R. Pettis of Albany, N.
Y., is of interest: "The first thing is to secure a good seed bed. At
first we were not successful, because our seeds were not uniformly
good. Then we began to collect our own seeds. This solved the prob-
lem, but one season had been spent in getting this much information."

This does not necessarily mean that locally gathered seed will pro-
duce best results, for results obtained are dependent upon the quality
of the seed, and if the seed is not heavy, ])oor germination is to be
expected. Heavy white pine seed, weighing 35 to 40 pounds to the
bushel, is obtained in years of abundant seed crop or seed years,
and in years when the crop is short the seed is usually light, weigh-
ing probably but 25 pounds to the bushel. Collections should be made
only in regions where a seed year is in progress, for seed in an off
year is apt to be lacking in vitality and frequently infertile.

SOIL. The character of the nursery soil may have everything to
do with the success or failure of a nursery and invariably is a large
factor in cost of production. It is an undisputed fact that a strong,
healthy plant produced by proper plant foods will in permanent plan-
tations withstand slightly adverse conditions and that its ability to
overcome them is directly proportional to its strength ; which, in turn,
may be said to be directly proi)ortional to the plant food in the soil,
keeping in mind that the effects of soil are chiefly due to adjustment
to water. Commercial nurserymen usually establish their nurseries
on the best soil for such purposes and consequently expect to obtain
strong, healthy plants because the soil contains the proper plant food.
The State nurseries were established on the best soil available, but
which, in most cases, is lacking in the requisite amount of fertility.
This means that in order to raise strong, healthy, stocky seedlings,
plant food must be put into the soil in the form of fertilizers, and
this will add to their cost. Since experiments are necessary to deter-
mine just which plant foods each type of soil is deficient in, and many
of the experiments will prove unsuccessful and cause the loss of seed
and seedlings in certain beds, the total cost of production will be some-
what larger for several years, the number of seedlings produced
somewhat smaller, and the average cost per thousand will be higher.

i

m

124

REPORT OF THE

Off. Do2.

Fertilizer experiments in the Asaph, Greenwood, and Mont Alto
nurseries are now being made under the direction of Prof. Netoffsky
These experiments were started with the 1913 spring seeding and
will require another year before results can be determined.

NURSERY OPERATIONS.

Each nursery operation for seedling production has its proportional
bearing on cost of seedlings, and the method of performing each
operation may be an important factor in cost.

A few instances may be cited in connection with these operations
which affect the number of seedlings produced and consequently are

factors in cost.

MAKING BEDS.—Jn connection with making up nursery beds,
the condition of the soil is important, for if too wet, puddling and
later sun baking usually result, forming a crust through which the
stem axis and cotyledons cannot force their way. Bietsch at Mont
Alto and at Greenwood found that by working charcoal braize into
the soil and thereby loosening it up, puddling and the resulting sun
bake were reduced to a minimum. One cartload of braize was used to
100 square feet of bed surface. This braize also tends to make the
Mont Alto soil more adaptable for conifers than it now is.

SOWING SEED.— In the matter of the best method of sowing
coniferous seeds, there appears to be a difference of opinion, es-
pecially among members of this Department. For several years, Mul-
ford at Asaph was under orders to sow only in drills, which orders
were due to the fact that there is danger of large losses resulting from
weeding in broadcast beds. However, in the spring of 1913, ihU
order was revoked and they are now sowing a large part of the coni-
ferous seed broadcast. It is true that drill sowing has certain advan-
tages over broadcasting, but taking both methods into consideration,
broadcasting seems to be the more advisable, under our usual con-
ditions. Weeding in broadcast beds is practically eliminated after
it has been done once or twice, and by exercising a little more than
common care, the loss in seedlings pulled out need not be excessive.
Suppose it does require twice as long to weed, it is still the better
playing proposition since a broadcast bed may require only three or
four weedings the first year, and probably none the second, if the seed-
lings stand as thickly as they should.

Then, again, from two to five times as many seedlings can be raised
per unit of area, and if properly handled the quality should be as
good. At Asaph several broadcast beds produced seedlings, white

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124

REPORT OF THE

Off. Do2

Fertilizer experiments in the Asaph, Greenwood, and Mont Alto
nurseries are now being made under the direction of Prof. Netoffsk>^
These experiments were started with the 1913 spring seeding and
will require another year befon^ results can be determined.

NUKSEilY OrEUATlONS.

Each nursery operation for seedling production has its proportional
bearing on cost of seedlings, and the method of performing each
operation may be an important factor in cost.

A few instances may be cited in connection with these operations
which atl'ect the number of seedlings produced and consequently are

factors in cost.

MAKING BEDIS.— In connection with making up nursery beds,
the condition of the soil is important, for if too wet, puddling and
later sun baking usually result, forming a crust through which the
stem axis and cotyledons cannot force their way. Bietsch at Mont
Alto and at Greenwood found tliat by working charcoal braize into
the soil and thereby loosening it ui), puddling and the resulting sun
bake were reduced to a minimum. One cartload of braize was used to
100 square feet of bed surface. This braize also tends to make the
Mont Alto soil more adaptable for conifers than it now is.

SOWING SEED.— In the matter of the best method of sowing
coniferous seeds, there appears to be a dilTerence of opinion, es-
pecially among members of this Department. For several years, Mul-
ford at Asaph was under orders to sow only in drills, which orders
were due to the fact that there is danger of large losses resulting from
weeding in broadcast beds. However, in the spring of 1913, this
order was revoked and they are now sowing a large part of the coni-
ferous seed broadcast. It is true that drill sowing has certain advan-
tages over broadcasting, but taking botli methods into consideration,
broadcasting seems to be the more advisable, under our usual con-
ditions. Weeding in broadcast beds is practically eliminated after
it has been done once or twice, and by exercising a little more than
common care, the loss in seedlings pulled out need not be excessive.
Suppose it does require twice as long to weed, it is still the better
playing proposition since a broadcast bed may require only three or
four weedings the first year, and probably none the second, if the seed-
lings stand as thickly as they should.

Then, again, from two to five times as many seedlings can be raised
per unit of area, and if ])roperly handled the quality should be as
good. At Asaph several broadcast beds produced seedlings, white

INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

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INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY,

125

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pine and Norway spruce, which were equal in quality to their drill
sowed. Scarcely any difference could be seen in the root systems nor
in the size of stem or top.

However, each nurseryman must be impressed with the fact that the
greatest care must be taken in weeding or too" many seedlings will
be pulled out, leaving a too open stand and resulting in additional
weeding and less stocky root systems. Experiments in the case of
white pine have shown that approximately one pound of seed to 100
square feet produces the best results.

EAJSIDLINO OF SHADES.— CsLveiul attention must be given the
management of shades, particularly over the first year beds, for upon
them largely depend two great factors in seedling production. On
the one hand is the danger of sun baking of the soil, and, on the other,
damping off resulting from an over-wet soil usually combined with
humid atmospheric conditions. If seed beds are allowed to dry off
quickly unprotected by shades, a crust is more than likely to be
formed through which the germinating seed cannot force its way. Con-
sequently the nurseryman must exercise good judgment for if shades
are removed when the sun's rays are very intense, sun baking and
crusting of the soil may follow. Probably the safest plan is to allow
the shades on the beds only during the middle of the day, say from
10 or 11 A. M. to 2 or 3 P. M.

The most critical time in the life of a seedling is a period of 4 to
6 weeks after germination, for it is then that the damping off fungus
works and may cut the yield in beds of good germination 50 per cent,
and in cases may result in a total loss of the bed. Control of this
disease has proved difficult, even in German nurseries. Careful mani-
pulation of the shades, allowing for proper aeration of the beds, and
sprinkliog sand on the beds are most commonly adhered to. Spray-
ing with Bordeaux mixture is claimed to be a preventive and, I believe,
is used by the Germans as such; but it will not destroy the fungus
after it has attacked the seedling.

WATERING. — There is almost no danger of nursery beds becom-
ing too dry in the spring, but watering is frequently necessary dur-
ing the hot summer months. This results in two more factors of im-
portance which have to do with tlie cost of production. If watering
of seedling beds is done during the day when the sun's rays are in-
tense, scalding of the seedlings can scarcely be avoided. To eliminate
this danger, watering should be done in the evening, but labor is not
always available at that time of day. Consequently the forester in
charge frequently performs this operation himself, and must make a
charge against the seedlings at the rate of 40 or 50 cents per hour for
work which should not cost more than 15 to 18 cents per hour. This
results in an inflated cost of production.

i

'I .

I

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTllY

125

pine and Norway spruce, which were equal in quality to their drill
sowed. Scarcely any dillerence could be seen in tlie root systems nor
in the size of stem or top.

However, each nurseryman must be impressed with thel'act that the
greatest care must be taken in weeding or too many seedlings will
be pulled out, leaving a too oj)en stand and resulting in additional
weeding and less stocky root systems. Experiments in the case of
white pine have shown that approximately one pound of seed to 100
square feet produces the best results.

HANDLING OF SHADED.— Car einl attention must be given the
management of shades, particularly over the iirst year beds, for upon
them largely depend two great factois in seedling production. On
the one hand is the danger of sun baking of the soil, and, on the other,
damping oil' resulting from an over-wet soil usually combined with
humid atmospheric conditions. If seed beds are allowed to dry otf
quickly unprotected by shades, a crust is more than likely to be
formed through which the germinating seed cannot force its way. Con-
sequently the nurseryman must exercise good judgment for if shades
are removed when the sun's rays are very intense, sun baking and
crusting of the soil may follow. Probably the safest plan is to allow
the shades on the beds only during the middle of the day, say from
10 or 11 A. M. to 2 or 3 P. M.

The most critical time in the life of a seedling is a period of 4 to
(J weeks after germination, for it is then that the damping olT fungus
works and may cut the yield in beds of good germination 50 per cent,
and in cases may result in a total loss of the bed. Control of this
disease has proved diiJticult, even in German nurseries. Careful mani-
pulation of the shades, allowing for proper aeration of the beds, and
sprinkling sand on the beds are most commonly adhered to. Spray-
ing with Bordeaux mixture is claimed to be a iJireventive and, 1 believe,
is used by the Germans as such ; but it will not destroy the fungus
after it has attacked the seedling.

WATERING. — There is almost no danger of nursery beds becom-
ing too dry in the spring, but wateiing is frcnpienlly necessary dur-
ing the hot snnnner monliis. This results in two more factors of im-
portance whicli have to do with the cost of pi'oduction. If watering
of seedling beds is done during the day when the sun's rays are in-
tense, scalding of the seedlings can scarcely be avoided. To eliminate
this danger, watering sliouhl be done in the evening, but labor is not
always available at that time of day. Consequently the forester in
charge freipiently perlorms this operation himself, and must make a
charge against the seedlings at the rate of 40 or 50 cents per hour for
work which should not cost more than 15 to 18 cents per hour. This
results in an inflated cost of production.

INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

» V

126

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

MULCHING.— The method of and the material used in mulching,
whether it be on seed beds or for winter protection, may prove a factor
of considerable importance in the cost of seedling production. Where
a mulch is put on seed beds, whether it be pine needles, straw, bur-
lap, or any other material, sun baking of the soil is prevented ; but if
too heavy, excessive heating or moulding of the soil and seeds may
occur. Opinions differ as to the material best adapted for mulching.
Burlap has proved to be good. Straw works well but is apt to contain
weed seeds which result in added cost for weeding. Pine needles
may be safely advised and are especially satisfactory where a lighc
layer of mulch is left on the beds after germination has taken place.
This is advised and practiced by Bietsch in the Greenwood nursery.
Crusting of the soil is prevented, weeds are kept down, and a small
amount of organic matter is added to the soil. However, there is
added danger in a wet season of damping off occurring and close at-
tention must be paid to the amount of soil moisture.

In raking off straw or pine needles from seed beds during the germi-
nating period there is danger of losing many seedlings if done when
the seed husks are still attached to the cotyledons. In seed germina-
tion the first part of a plant to shoot out is the radicle or root tip
v^'hich at once turns downward and enters the soil. When the caulicle
or stem portion of the seed is extricated, it shows response to light
and turns upward, usually carrying with it the cotyledons or seed
leaves, from which the plantlet gets its food supply until it has
established a root system. In raking off the mulch, the cotyledons
are often injured before the root system is established, resulting in
the death of the little plant.

With winter mulch on seedling or transplant beds the thickness
required depends directly on the severity of the winter. If too
heavy, heating and moulding may occur. If too light, winter heaving
trom frost may result. The latter is especially true with transplant
beds. > ■■:

Other Factors Influencing Cost of Seedlings.

Influences outside of nursery operations frequently have an import-
ant bearing on seedling production. One of these, forest fires, has
often entered as a factor ; for the spring fire season occurs about the
time of rush nursery work and a fire may take all labor away from
the nursery in the midst of lifting seedlings for shipment or when
the soil is just right for seed sowing. It is important to sow seed
w^hen the soil is in proper condition, not too wet, for then the seed
may rot; nor too dry, for then germination is impaired; nor should
seeding be done too late in the season, for then the seedlings are
more than likely to be stunted, requiring them to remain in the beds

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

127

an additional year. Late sowing may also result in unripened tis
sue in the little plant which will then not he able h) withstand frosts
and the cold of winter.

Fires have caused deh.ys in seeding with n.^ lesultant: loss of a
large percentage of seedlings wliicli should have been obtained from
the amount of seed sowed.

This conflict of nursei y work and lire pi otcH't ion is a big argument
in favor of a centralized nursei-y, loi- in that case a nurseiyman's
entire time coukl be devoted io the nnis(Hy. Then, too, if it were
situate in an agricultural region away from the State Forests, it
would not be necessary to neglect nurseiy work to tight tires.

Since conditions vaiy in State aiul coinmercial nurseries, a conii)ari-
son of costs is not altogether I'cliable and it is unfair to draw definite
conclusions' fioni it. In the lirst j.lace, virgin nursery
charges are usnally excessive, and as urn- large nurseries
were all established at ditterent limes, it has not been practical
in the past to conipai-e eosts of prodnetion. However, the tJiree
are now firmly establish(Ml and if records are kept in a nnit'oiin man-
ner, comparison of costs can be made among them and conclusions
arrived at with some degree of fairness. This is not true of com
parisons between the State and commercial nniseries, due largely
to different methods of charging nursery stock. Then, too, the busi-
ness of raising seedlings by the State is obsei-ved from a different
point of view, in commercial nnrseiy work snrj)lns stock is put on
the market for what it will bring, eash for the lot, and seedlings
offered us at vei-y low i)rices are this surplus stock. The better
class of seedlings is sold in small quantities at fancy prices. Manv
of these small (inantity sales allow disposal of inferior stock at rates
below actual cost of ])rodnclion. JOven thongh ihe surplus is not
inferior, it must be disposed of and consequently a low price is quoted.
The loss is more than made uj> by the small-quantity-at-fancy-j»rice
sales. Tlie man who gets the advantage of low (luotations is fortunate
and frequently we might take advantage of them; bnt would it be wise
to trust to obtaining oni- annual sni)i)Iy in this way? I think not
for commercial nurserymen would not be aj)t to qnote us the low
prices if they knew we were dependent upon them for our Ripply.

0

128

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

NURSERY RECORDS.

Too much emphasis canuot be placed upon the importance of
keeping nursery records and keeping them in such form that figures
on cost of production may be easily obtained at any time. Many
difficulties present themselves when it comes to making up these costs,
but if the co-operation of the nurserymen can be had there is no
reason why we cannot have reliable figures, providing a uniform
system of nursery records is adopted. Methods of charging nursery
stock may vary with each nurseryman. The tabulation of data is
made difficult, unreliable, and frecluently entirely out of the ques-
tion.

A set of forms for keeping nursery records was worked up which
it was thought would cover the needs of the nurserymen and from
which data on costs and production could be easily and quickly
obtained at any time. The first form, that for Bed Records, was to
cover the cost of production and seedlings produced from a set of
beds sowed with any one species and treated in like manner. This
lorm was to be filled out at the time of performing any particular
(operation or of taking special notes as to germination, damage to
beds, rate of growth, etc. With the small nurseries this form could
be used for original entry, but with the large ones the paily
i Record forms should be used and the material later transferred
to the Bed Record sheets where all data pertaining to a set of beds
would be collected together in compact form.

The second form was for a Summary of Operations to be submitted
to this office with the foresters annual report. The third was the
(i rowing Stock Inventory upon which would be given the inventory
of seedlings, transplants, and cuttings by species and by age.

The first two forms did not meet with the approval of the nurs-
erymen, largely because extra work would have been necessary in
filling them out. (Consequently they have since been materially
(hanged. I believe one at least, that for Bed Records, is practical
and will, if properly filled out, make reliable nursery data available
from each nursery.

In order that something definite be done toward adopting a definite
and uniform system of keeping nursery records, Mr. Wirt suggested
that several of the nurserymen be called into the office to discuss
the svstem we have worked out and to decide on some one system
to follow. I therefore suggest that the following men be directed
to report at this office for a discussion of this matter : E. A. Ziegler
or Geo. A. Retan; Paul H. Mulford, Tom O. Bietsch, Robert G. Conk-
lin, Wm. F. Dague.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

129

Each should be supplied in advance with a set of the forms for
study so that he would be able to discuss them intelligently while
here. All parts of the forms should be given thorough study and I
believe an agreement on a definite system could be arrived at.

If other nurseries, state, national, and commercial, can keep de-
tailed records, there is no substantial reason why our nurseries can-
not do so.

A large part of the information contained in the foregoing report
was derived from the records, experiments, and experience of Tom O.
Bietsch of Greenwood and Paul H. Mulford of Asaph. Credit is also
due to Prof. Netoffsky, of the State Forest Academy, Mont Alto.

TIMBER SALES.

A contract under date of January 13, 1912, was entered into
with C. D. Raker of North Bend, Clinton county, for the sale of
mine props, sawed lumber, paper wood, and railroad ties, to be made
from undesirable timber standing on a tract of about 200 acres
at the head of Boggs Run in the Hopkins State Forest. Contract
is subject to the usual precautions against damage from forest fire
and other unskillful handling. Lopping of tops is to proceed witli
the cutting. Contract is accompanied by a bond in the sum of |1,000
with security. To the end of the period covered by this report, Mr.
Raker has removed and paid for material to the value of |3,498.81.

An agreement dated January 25, 1912, was entered into with
G. W. Huntley and O. L. Bailey of Sinnemahoning for the removal
of undesirable timber at the head of Wykoff and Upper Jerry Runs
in the Sinnemahoning State Forest, over an area approximating 400
acres. Material is to be paid for at the rate of |3.05 per thousand
feet mill cut, and the contractors have eighteen (18) months in
which to finish their work. Lopping of tops is to proceed with the
cutting. A bond in the sura of |2,000 with corporate security, ac-
companies the contract. To the end of the period covered by this
report, the contractors have paid to the Department $4,505.33 for
material so removed.

On February 19, 1912, a contract was entered into with L. L.
Weaver of Woodward, Centre county, for the removal of the unde-
sirable hemlock, white pine, and yellow pine within the State Forest
south of Woodward, and $2.00 per thousand feet mill cut was the
price to be paid. Contract runs to the first day of March, 1914,

9—26—1915

130

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY,

131

ond is acconipmnod by )m>ih1 in tl.e sum of .|150.00 The usual pre-
rintions affah.sl foirsl tires are r<M,iiired to be taken and the lopping
of all brani iK's nnist b(^ done as th(^ work proceeds. Amount paid
o„ tins contract to December :U, 11)1:5, is $421.66.

On l)(^ccnd»er 10, VM'2, an aj^reement was entered into with Henry
Steline for the dead and down chestnut wood on two tracts within
the Bald Eagle Forest at :J0 cents pei- cord stumpage. All wood
is to l)e paid for as removed and no bond was required. To Decem-
ber 31, 19i:*>, this contract has yield(Hl $90.86.

On January 28, 191:5, an agreement was entered into with Alfred
Krise of Odessa, for llie removal of the dead and down hemlock
and jack pine, from a portion of the State Forest in Goshen township,
Clearfield countv, the inicv to be paid being $1.50 per thousand feet
board measure.' (N>ntract leciuires the usual precautions against
damage and is to be completed by the first day of April, 1914. Re-
ceipts^ to December :;i, 19i:5, from tliis contract are $28.59.

On March 13, 1913, a contract was entered into with S. D. Longe-
recker of Petersburg, Hun lingdon county, for the removal of dead
chestnut from the Barree Division of the Seven Mountain State For-
est. The material so taken is to be cut into fence posts and the price
to be i>aid bv the contractor is 1 cent for each post. All work to
be done under tlie supervision of the forester. The returns to De
cember 31, 1913, are $30.38.

On May 27, 1913, an agreement was enetered into with L. D.
OilTord of Shirlev township, Huntingdon county, by means of which
he was permitted to take 2(H),000 board feet of hyper-mature timber
fiom the Kotlii-ock State Forest, in ivturn for leaving upon lands
recently purchased from him a large (luantity of young and thrifty
bardwoods, consisting of oak, Hickory, and walnut. The size limit
is 16 inches at one foot from the gr<mnd, and all brush and tops
are to be carefully lopped and disposed of so as to prevent danger
from lire. The grantee Avas permitted to have erected a saw mill
upon the premises for the ]mr])ose of working up the material, the
same to be run under the usual precautions.

Ou the 29th of May, 1913, an agreement was entered into with
(\alvin Bush and Bush Miller of l^:ast Stroudsburg, K. D. No. 2, Mon-
loe county, for the purchase and lemoval of certain timber suitable
for making railroad ties, ui)on wanants Nos. 59 and 61, Middle
hMnithiield township, Monroe county. The usual precaution against
damage is required to be taken, and the contract is to be completed
within 1 ? years from date. This contract has been cancelled, and has

yielded no return.

On September 2, 1913, an agreement w^as entered into with S.
Hostrander of Okome, for the sale and removal of fire damaged timber
on warrants 1652, 1653, 1524, and 1525 on the Waterville division

of the Black Forest. The price to be paid therefor is $4.00 per thou-
sand mill cut for sawed lumber, $1.30 for mine props, and 15 cents
fc'r ties. The usual precaution against damage is required. Con-
tract is accompanied by a bond of $250.00 and the operation is to be
finished on or before the 28th day of February, 1915. No returns
to date under this contract have been received.

On September 23, 1913, a contract was entered into with F. A.
Vickery of Bodines, and Carson Clendenning and J. F. Fleming of
Trout Kun, for the sale and removal of certain cull and over-mature
hardwoods from within the Grays Kun State Forest. Cord wood is
to be paid for at the rate of 50 cents ])er cord of 160 feet, and all
timber at the rate of $2.05 per thousand feet mill cut. Bond in
tlie sum of $500.00 accompanies the contract, and the usual precau-
tions against damage are required. No returns to date under this
contract have been received.

On October 15, 1913, an agreement was entered into with Damon
Watson of Costello, Potter county, for the removal of certain over-
mature, dead, and declining trees within the State Forest aiound
the headwaters of Stony Lick Creek in Summit township. Potter
county, at the price of $3.50 per thousand feet mill cut. A bond in
the sum of $100.00 accompanies the contract, and the usual pre-
cautions against damage are required to be taken. No returns to
date under this contract have been received.

On the first day of November, l!)i:J, an agreement was ent(M-ed into
with H. B. Walker of Conrad, foi- the removal of dead, dying, and
down timber from within the Stat(^ Forest in Murdock Hollow,
Summit townshi]>. Potter county, at tlie rate of $3.50 per thousand
feet mill cut, the usual precautions against damage being re(piired.
A bond in the sum of $100.00 accompanies the contract. No re-
turns to date under this contract liave been received.

On the 22d of November, 1913, a contract was entered into with
(leorge Welschans of Lloyd, for the removal of certain prop timber
within the State Forest in Brown township, Lyc()ming county. Price
to lie paid therefor is $1.00 per ton, railroad weight, and the usual
precautions are to be taken against damage. In place of the ordinary
bond, an arrangement was made whereby the Department should re
ceive the first payment out of sales made to consignees. No re
turns to date undei* this contiact have been received.

On December 27, 1913, a contiact was enterefl into with William
IL Libby of Millmont, P. D., Fnion county, for the removal of cer-
tain undesirable hardwoods, hemlock, and ])ine witliin what is known
an Henstep Gap in the State Forest, Hartley township, Union county;
land in the warrantee names of John Hassinger and James Dills-
warth. The usual precautions are required to be taken. The ma-
terial to be removed will include saw timber, railroad ties, prop

i

132

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

timber, pulp wood, and extract wood. Payments to be made quart-
erly. Contract is accompanied by a bond in the sum of |500.00. No
returns to date made under this contract.

On December 29, 1913, an agreement was entered into with Geo.
B. Hilborn of Cedar Run, Lycoming county, for the removal of the
dying, dead, and down timber on four warrants in Elk township,
Tioga county, at the rate of ?2.85 per thousand feet. The lopping
of branches and other usual precautions are required. The contract
is accompanied by a bond in the sum of $150.00. The contract
ivs to be completed by June 1, 1915. To date there are no returns
from this contract.

SURVEYS.

The Chief Surveyor and Draftsman of the Department is S. T.
Moore, who reports the activities of his office for the years 1912
and 1913. Many surveys during the current period were directed
to locations for improvements. These consisted of the erection
of new buildings, the repair of old buildings, installation of water
systems, and sucli other forest development as needed the services
of a surveyor.

1012.

February 26th, the survey of t]:o disputed location of the Ann Ross
warrant in Lycoming couniy v.as begun with Foresters Bietsch,
Fox, and Smith.

May nth, the correction survey of Grays Run with Foresters Wells

and McNeal.
June 5th, survey for improvement at Ranger Frank's, Pike county.
July 8th, survey for improvement a t Pump Station, Lycoming county,

with Forester Thomson.
August 12th, began installation of water supply for Ranger Frank.
August 21st, disputed ownership of the ^^Crissman" lands by T. W.

Lauver, investigated. Survey made with Foresters Warfield and

McNeal, and Ranger Wirth.
September 12th, survey for purchase from East Penn Lumber Co.,

Monroe county, with Forester Strobeck.
October 7th, survey for purchase of land from Maude L. Gifford,

Huntingdon county, with Forester Bodine.
November 18th, survey for disputed line in Clinton county, with

Surveyor Wetzel and Forester J. B. Ryon.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

133

1913.

April and May, C. L. Wetzel with Forester Bryner, and Rangers
Koontz and Hart, made connection surveys adding new purchases
to our older survey, in Perry county.

April 28th, began general repairs and new buildings at Ranger Gib-
bo ney's, Huntingdon county.

June 28th, survey for gravity water supply for Graeffenburg Nursery
and Inn, Franklin county, from a spring of pure water on the
mountains, to replace the pumping system from the creek. For-
ester Robert G. Conklin assisted in the work.

July 21st, survey for new house, barn, water supply, and grading
at Leetonia, Tioga county, for use of Ranger Robert Schwab, with
Forester Keller and Ranger Schwab.

August, surveyor C. L. Wetzel sent to Whetham, Clinton county,
with Forester J. B. Ryon, to begin the survey of the Whetham
Forest. Continued until November, when the work was stopped
on account of inclement weather.

November 7th, survey for water supply from Gifford Spring, Hunt-
ingdon county, for the future residence of Forester A. W. Bodine,
and beginning of actual work at the spring.

November 24th, survey for water supply and general remodeling at
Pine Gove Furnace, Cumberland county, with Forester John R.
Williams.

MAPS.

The following maps were connected from official drafts, copies
of which were obtained from the Department of Internal Affairs.
The maps are enlarged connections, joined together to make stand-
ard maps, three feet by eight feet. Only those who have done this
class of drafting can appreciate the time and labor necessary to
join single drafts together properly, in order to make a large
map. So many of the original returns of local surveyors vary both
in courses and distances, and many surveys interfere with others,
that actual work on the ground is often necessary to determine which
is the correct return. The maps now made are of the new series
adopted two years ago, and are of uniform scale and size.

134

IlEPOUT OP THE

Off. Doc.

No. 26.

Map (1-7, Union ((nintv, (onii)l('ted by Forester Tom O. Bietsch.
Map l)-.'^>, Cameron and VAk counties, completed by Forester J. E.

McNeal.
Map K4, Clinton and (\ameron counties, completed by Forester

P. H. Fox.
Map FT, (^linton, (Ventre, and Vnion counties, completed by J^or-

ester Jolin K. Williams.

^{'A\> Vi'K dinton, Lycomin.u, and Union counties, completed by
Forester J. E. McNeal.

A nundjcr of smaller diafts. maps, and plans were made for use
(»f the Depaitment and the foresters, as well as plans for buildings
to be erected or remodeled.

During the two years the (Miief Draftsman was assigned to super-
intend the erection of a new barn, repairs to houses, and boring of
llir(H> wells at the Pump Station property in Lycoming county; also
to make changes in buildings occui)ied by foresters or rangers within
tli(^ State Forest, including tlie erection of new buildings, the instal-
lation of water systems, and other necessary work. During his ab-
sence Forester J. E. McNeal was in charge of the drafting.

6

7
21
'J,'J!
28

8
11
16

2:{

29
13
19
24
32
34
35
36
39
48

r.o

32

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

FORESTER'S MAPS.

la^

Division.

Forester'.

Draftsman.

' ••••••

Snyder, ..

Tioga

Cameron

Lycoming

I^ycoiiing

Union

Cameron

Mitllin,

Tioga

Union

Huntingdon

Centre

Lycoming

Clearfield,

Potter

Clinton

Pike,

Pilje

Lacliawanna

Lycoming & Tioga,
Clearfield

• • • • •

Seven Mountain,

Stone

Stone,

Siuneniahoning,
Blaclc Forest, ..
Black Forest, ..
White Deer, . . .
Sinnemahoning,
Sinnemalioning,
Seven Mountain,
Black Forest, ..
Wliite Deer. ...
Seven Mountain,

Hopkins

Black Forest. ..

Clearfield

Kettle Creek. ..
Kettle Creek, ..

Minisink

Minisink

Lackawanna,
Black Forest, ..
Clearfield

Jacks Mountain, ,

Asaph,

Chatham

Aleilix , .••••■*..•

Slate Bun ,

liulTfalo,

Hull,

Cameron

Ivisliacoquillas, ,

lUackwells

McCall

Creenwood

Snow Sline

Waterville

Penfield

Crosslork

Leidy

Notch

Shohola

Bear Lake, ......

Black wells

Clearfield

W. G.
C. II.
C. C.
J. A.
H. A.
F. D.
A. C.
11. L.
11. B.
1>. Iv.
J. W.
it. B.
T. O.
<J. W.
II. C.
C. L.
U. L.
.1. L.
J. E.

Conklin,
Mulford,
Miner, , .
Irvin, ...
Thomson,
Jerald, . .
Silvius, .
Vail

Elliott. .

Wartield,
Keller, . .
Winter, .
Bietsch, .

S heeler,
Evans, ..

Kirk

Emerick,
MacAvoy,
Avery, ..

W. F. Dague,

W. G. Conklin.
M. Mustiii.
M. Mustiii.
.T. A. Irvin.
W. M. Munima.
J. A. Irvin.
J. E. McNeal.
W. M. Mumnui.
W. M. Muuima.
J. A. Irvin.
J. A. Irvin.
J. E. McNeal.
W. E. Houut.
W. M. Mumuia.
M. Mustin.
J A. Irvin.
W. M. Mumma.
J. L. McAvoy.
W. E. Houpt.
J. A. Irvin.
M. Mustin.
•T. AV. Keller.
M. Mustin.

4

NEW SERIES MAPS.

foi{i:sti:PvS' maps.

As the foresters jidvanced in e.\])erience, it was found necessary
to produce single maps for each, including only the immediate forest,
and on as large a scale as cimvenient. These mai)S contain the war-
rant names or numbers, county and township lines, roads,
streams, mcmntains. planting, and improvements, as an aid
to forest work. A list of these follows, showing the number, county,
forest, division, forester, draftsman, and dale of tinishing the map.
\11 have been traced, negatived, and printed on white cloth with blue
lines so that the forester can add additional data as they are derived.
When sntticient has accumulated, it will be added to the tracing, new
ueontives made, and new prints substituted for the old.

These ma])s are very much sought after by bind adjoiTiers, histor-
ians, s]K>rtsmen, and others.

Map.

F4
G4
E3
D5
G7
D3
E4
F7
F6
F7
E5
D6

Traced by

Connected by

County.

H. J. Mueller \V.

W. E. Houpt W.

J. E. McNeal J.

S. T. Moore, T.

T. O. Bietsch T.

J. E. McNeal .T.

P. H. Fox V.

J. n. Williams .T.

J. E. McNeal T.

J. E. McNeal .7.

J. E. McNeal J.

M. Mu.stin M.

E. Houpt, Lycoming.

E. Houpt, Lycoming and Sullivan.

B. McNeal Potter and Clinton.

O. Bietsch Elk and Clearfield.

O. Bietsch Union (River end).

E. McNeal Cameron and Elk.

II. Fox, Clinton and Cameron.

K. Williams Clinton, < cutre. and Union.

E. McNeal Clinton, Lycoming, and Union.

E. AfcNoal Clinton and Lycoming.

E. McNeal, Cameron. (Clinton, and Centre.

Mustin Clearfield.

LAM) (IIIAXT APPLI(\\TI()Xh.

l)nring the years cov(;i(mI by this report, the Secretary of Tntei'nal
Affairs, in accoidance with the pi'ovisions of the act of May *?, 11)01),
P. L. 4i:>, has submitted to the Department the apidications made
by individuals for warrants to survey vacant lands. The following
are the ap])lica*ioiLs refei-i-ed dniing the jieiiod named, showing the
action of the l)e,Mirtment in each cas(»:

136

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

137

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K2SS5S$2SS58SS8?p:?J3ri^

• t-t-

FIXED CHARGES ON STATE LAND.

A statement of the amount paid for road and school purposes in
1912 and 1913 under the act of April 5, 1905, P. L. Ill, and the act
of May 13, 1909, P. L. 744. The appropriation out of which the funds
for 1912 were paid was made by specific acts of assembly approved
the 14th day of June 1911. (See Appropriation acts 1911, pp. 299
and 300); and the sums paid for the year 1913 were derived by
specific appropriations contained in tlie general appropriation act
of 1911, P. L. 779.

1912.

County.

Adams, ,
Adams, .
Adams, .

Bedford,
Bedford .
Bedford,

Cameron,
Cameron,
Cameron,
Cameron,
Cameron,
Cameron,

Centre.
Centre,
Centre,
Centre,
Centre,
Centre,
Centre,
Centre,
Centre,
Centre,
< entre.
Centre,
Centre.
Centre,

<^learfleld
Clearfield
Clearflold
Cloarflold
Clearflpld
Cloarflold
Clearfield

Clearfield
Clearfield

Township.

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Hamiltonban,

M^nallen

v^o^.Tain, ,,

Cumberland Valley,

Sniitbampton

iiibson

Grove, * *.

Independent Oistrict .......*

funiber

^ortane

Sliippeu.

Bumslde

j^t'nner

L/Oxieffe, ,,,

Curtin

Ferguson

' * "nKt ••••• ^,

Haines

Harris

Mile*

X enn, ••*...

Potter

Hash

\>ring

Wallcer

Covington,

Girard

Goshen

Huston,

Karthaus,

Pike

Pine (part of Lawrence for school
purposes),

Sandy

Union,

11.128
4.746
2.262

2,167

749

7,102

26. (M9

30,097

"iii.iii

2., 463
6,997

20,980

96

S41

2,453

925

2,907

14,382

11,229

7,999

4,244

7,598

3.088

1,957

1,523

483
11,349
1.964
8,491
7,138
1,930
15,216

610
230

304 82

49 26

139 94

419 60

1 92

16 82

49 06

18 60

58 14

287 64

224 58

159 98

84 88

151 96

60 76

39 14

80 46

9 66
226 98

39 28
169 82
142 76

38 60
304 32

12 20 j
4 60 I

11,128
4,746

2,262

2,167

749

7,102

20,487
23,489
12.170
15,241
2,463
6.997

20.980

96

841

2,453

925

2,907

14.382 ,

11.229

7.999

4,244

7,598.

3,038

1,957

1,523

483 I
11.849 I
1.9v4 I
8.491 i
7.138 i
1.930:
15.216

610

8

u
00

u

o

S3

4-1 s

§1
il

<

1222 56
94 92
45 24

43.84

14 98
142 04

409 74
469 78
243 40
304 82
49 26
189 94

419 60
1 92

16 82
49 06
18 50

14
64

58

287

224 58

159 98
84 88

151 96
60 76
39 14
30 46

9 66
226 98

39 28
169 82
142 76

38 60
304 32

12 29
400

1:^8

llEPORT OF THE
1912— Continued.

Off. Doc.

No. 26.

County.

Town-sliip.

riinton V.vorh ( rcok.

riinton Tiistanca

riintnn ('liiUfiniiti

riinlon 1 ('(.Ifliniok

f'linton ("rawrord

riinton I'.'-'t Kcalin},',

riinton : (Jallaj-'hcr

Clinton ' fJn'cnc

riinton <^Irnt:an

riinton ; Lamar

riinton I l.f'i'l.v

riinton I Noycs

riinton i Piiif' Crofk, ..

riinton Wayno •■•■•••

Clinton i West Koatnijr,

riinton I Woodward, ...

rnmhorland Dickinson. ...

Cumborland Franklord. ..

Cnmborland TTopcwoll. ...

Cninborland Soutlianinton.

rnmborland U).i«r Mitllin.

Dauphin,

Elk

Elk

Franklin,
Franklin,
Franklin,
Franklin,
Franklin,
Franklin,
Franklin,
Franklin.
Franklin,
Franklin,

Fulton, .
Fulton, .

..... ! .Tackson, .

Bonpzetto,

ITorton,

Fannott

(Incno

r.nilford. ...

naniiilon.

T.cttcrkonn.v,

Mrtal

Peters

Qnini-y

Southampton,
Wasiiin«ion,

TTuntinsidon,
ITuntinsdon,
IIuntin>rdon,
lluntinjrdon,
TIuntin«don.
llnntinudon.
Huntingdon,
Huntintrdon,
Huntingdon.
Huntingdon,
Huntingdon,
Huntingdon.
Huntincdon,
Huntingdon.
Huntingdon.
Huntingdon.

Dublin

Tod

Barree

Brady

Tass

Franklin, —

•lacks" »n

Lincoln

liOgnu

Miller

Morris

Penn

Porter

Shirley

S|pruce Creek,

Todd

Union

West

.lunlata,
.luniata.
.Tuniata.

Lack

Mil ford, .
'I'usrarora,

Lackawanna Lohijfh.

LTCominp Armstrong. ..

Lvromlnp Brady

Lvcoming I'.rown

Lvcominjr Clinton,

Lvoominp Cocan House,

Lvcoming Cununings,

Lycoming c.-miblc

Lycoming Lewis

Lycoming Limestone, ..

Lycoming McIIenry. ...

Lycoming Mclntyre. ...

4i

•§

Cfi

1

UJ

o

m

a

a

t-4

ti

o
u

v.

u

0

C

a

^

"C

s

as

-o

o

•l-(

o

t.

at

o

« .

^M

«i

&a9

u<

^

u

(U

o

= 1

^

J. Xf.

CC

3 u

(A

r *->

9^

a

s5

<

<

<

<<

15,324

306 48

15.324

306 48

GO

1 20

60

1 20

24,648

492 96

24.648

492 96

721

14 42

721

14 42

l.r.8C

3172

1,586

31 72

3,137
r,,013

62 74
120 26

6.013

120 26

2.394

47 88

2,394

47 88

9,514

190 28

9.514

190 28

4.071

81 4,2

4,071

81 42

1S,5.'>7

371 14

18.. -.67 1

.-571 14

26,395

527 90

26,395

527 90

795

15 90

795

15 90

r.,10f7

102 14

5.107

102 14

3.643

72 86

3,643

72 86

1,360

27 20

1,360

27 20

1,236

24 72

199

3 98

199

3 98

444

8 88

444

8 88

1,080
269

21 60

5 38

26&

5 38

3,354

67 08

3,354

67 08

16,536

330 72

16,530

330 72

283

5 66

283

5 66

3.668

73 36

3,668

73 36

5.849

116 98

3,7.57

75 14

994

19 88

3,197

63 94

3.197

63 94

.•524

10 48

524

10 48

538
10.193

10 76

203 86

10.193

203 86

t 573

71 46

2.239

44 78

2,239

44 78

1,255

^> 10

1.2.56

25 10

5,045

100 90

5,045

100 90

2,940

58 80

2,fM0

58 80

295

5 90

295

5 90

2,609

52 18

2,600

52 18

4.189

83 78

4.189

83 78

26,100

522 00

26.100

522 00

855

17 10

855

17 10

4,123

82 46

4 123

82 46

2,562

51 24

2,562

51 24

168

3 36

168

3 36

613

12 26

613

12 26

1,150

23 00

1,150

23 00

2,973

59 46

2,973

59 46

221

4 42

221

4 42

1.002

20 04

1.002

20 04

1.068

21 36

1,068

21 36

5,745

114 90

5.745

114 90

1,951

I 39 02

1.951

39 02

109

1 2 IS

10«)

2 18

1,118

1 22 36

1,118

22 36

4,956

99 12

4,956

99 12

2,3.'2

47 04

2.352

47 04

610

12 20

610

12 20

18,869

377 38

18.869

377 38

2.233

44 66

2,233

44 66

375

7 50

375

7 50

17,424

348 48

17,424

348 48

4,i>30

90 60

4,530

90 60

4,175

83 50

4.175

83 50

819

16 38

819

16 38

16,043

330 86

16,013

320 86

2. 311

1 46 22

2,311

46 22

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY,

1912— Continued.

139

County.

Township.

OB

OS

m

9i

4)

ttl

p

'/}

u

O

c
u

»

«2

3

a

a

r<H

ed

•o

8

o

.1-1

Si

u

ta

c

^ ,i.

(£

%^

tc

o

0)

o

c2

2

la

ores

<

-«;

<

Lycoming,
Lycoming,
Tiy coming,
Lycoming,

Xipj)enose

Plunketts Creek
Washington.
Watson

Mifflin Armagh,

Mifflin.

Mifflin

Mifflin

Mifflin

Mifflin

Mifflin

Mifflin

Monroe

Monroe

Monroe

Perry

Perry.

Perry.

Perry,

Pike

Pike

Pike

mT llV"f ••••••••••

tr^lK6f ••••••••••

L^XK"f ••••«•■•••

L llk"f ••••••••■•

r iikfjf •••■••••■•

Jr lK"f •«••••••••

IrlKCf •••■••••••

Potter

Potter

Potter

Potter,

Potter, '

Potter

Potter

Potter

Potter

Potter

Snyder

Snyder

Si.yder

Snyder

Snyder.

Snyder

Snyder

Somerset

Somerset

Somerset

-^ JUp^S f ••••••••

Tioga

Tioga

Tioga

Tioga

Tioga

Tioga

Tioga

TTnion

Union

T^nion

Union

Westmoreland,
Westmoreland,

Brat ton,

Brown. .

Decatur.

♦"Jranville,

Mcnno,

Fnion,

Wayne,

Barrett,

Middle Smithtidd,
Price

.Tackson

Madison

Toboyne,

Tyrone,

Blooming Grove

Delaware

Dingman,

fJrecne *

Lacka waxen, ..

Lehman

Milford

Palmyra

Porter

Shohola

Westfall

»•••••••

AI»l)ott

Austin Borougli

Fast Fork (attached to
for school i»uriK>.<es),

Homer

Keating

Portage

St^'ward.son

Summit,

Sylvania

West Branch

Wharton

Eulalia

Adams

Centre

Franklin

Perry,

Spring

West Beaver,
West Perry. .

Jefferson,

.Tenner,

Tiincoln,

Chatham.
Clymer, . .
Dclmar, ..
Duncan,

Elk

Middlebury

Morris.

Shij)pen,

Hartles",

Lewis

West Buffalo.
White Deer,

Cooke.
Ligonier,

Wyoming i I'^aton,

Total,

110

7,8,77
3,969
1.215 1

27,926 1

8.028

5,871

942

SO

'M\

202

6,163

8.56 i
1,545
3,996

7,489 I
1,733 1
1G,394
330 \

11,826 :

1,272
5. 185
3,04S
2,357
3,627

782

3,310

20,0.^1

479
3,161

19.464

.564

5.364

10,7.52

4.243

14.499

40,098

14.235

4,, 396

87(i

7,2Z'>

8,642
374

948
1,000
6,0«4
4,013
3,02.')

1.043

1,499

925

1.188

744

5,329

i,a"2

14,1«»

1,9.io

17.964

14,548

25,977

20.357

4.033

2,365

4,321
744

1,177

17 12 i
30 90

79 92

149 78 !
34 66
327 88

6 60 ,

236 .52 '
25 41

103 70
60 S6
47 14
72 54
15 64
66 20

412 62

9 58

63 22

.389 28

11 28

107 28

215 04

84 86

289 98
813 98
284 70

S7 92

17 .52
144 50

72 84

7 48

18 96
20 OO

121 68

80 26
60 50

20 86
29 98
18 .50

23 76

14 88

110 58

21 04
283 78

.S9 10
.^"^9 2S

290 96

519 54

407 14

80 66

47 10

86 42
14 88

23 54

8.56
1,.545
3.996

7.489

1.7.33

16,3.94

330

11,826
1,272
5,185
3.043
2.357
3,627
782
3. .310

20. 631

479

2,909

19,461

564

5.364

10.7.52

4,243

14,499

40,699

14,2.15

4..'»6

876

7,225

3,642
374
948
1,000
6.0«4
4.013
3.025

1,043

1,499

925

1,188
744

5.629

1.052
14.189 :

1.955 I
17.964 1
14.548 I

25,977 I

20.3.')7 !

4.033

2.356

4.321
744

1,177

s

u
o

12
'3

^ 03

V
^^ VI

cO

o 5:
SE.
<

2 20

110

2 20

156 74

7.837

156 74

79 38

3,969

79 38

24 30

1,215

24 30

558 52

27,926

558 52

160 56

8,028

160 56

117 42

5,871

117 42

IS S4

942

18 84

1 60

80

1 60

6 2S

314

6 28

4 04

202

4 04

123 26

6,163

123 26

17 12
30 90

79 92

149 78

3t 66

327 88

6 60

236 52
25 44

103 70
60 86
47 14
72 64
15 64
66 20

412 62

9 .58

68 18

.3S9 28

11 28

107 28

215 Oi
84 86

289 98
813 98
284 70

87 92

17 52
144 60

72 84

7 48

18 96
20 00

121 68

80 26
60 50

20 86
29 98
18 60

23 76

14 88
110 58

21 04
283 78

39 10
359 28

290 96

519 54

407 14

80 66

47 10

86 42
14 88

23 64

970,306 j $19,406 12 I 970,054 |19,401 OS

I

140

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

1913.

•

1

i

8

1

s

u

o
n

g

fi

5

Gonnt7>

Township.

•a
a

s

8

.a
o
w

>4

2s

CO

nnt
rpos

5

unt
ppos

2;

H

0)

So,

<

<

«<

-<

Adams, .
Adams.
Adams, .

Bedford,
Bedford,
Bedford.

Cameron,
Cameron,
Cameron,
Cameron.
Cameron,
Cameron,

Centre,
Centre,
Centre,
Centre,
Centre,
Centre,
Centre,
Centre,
Centre,
Centre,
Centre,
Centre,

Clearfield
Clearfield
Clearfield
Clearfield
Clearfield
Clearfield
Clearfield.

Clearfield,
Clearfield.

Clinton.
Clinton,
Clinton,
Clinton,
Clinton.
Clinton.
Clinton.
Clinton.
Clinton.
Clinton,
Clinton.
Clinton.
Clinton,
Clinton.
Clinton.
Clinton,

Cumberland.
Cumberland,
Cumberland,
Cumberland,
Cumberland,
Cumberland,
Cumberland,
Cumberland,

Dauphin. ..

luiK( ••••••••

XUlKf ••••••••

Franklin, . .

Franklin. ..

Franklin. ..

Franklin. ..

Franklin. . .

Franklin, ..

Franklin,

Harailtonban,

Menallen,

Coleraln

Cumberland Valley,
Southampton

Gibson, ...

Grove

Independent District.
Lumber,
Portage, . . ,
Shippen, ..,

Burnside, .

Curtin

Ferguson,

Gregg

Haines,

Harris,

Miles

Ponn

Potter,

Rush

Spring, ...
Walker, ....

Covington, .

Girard,

Goshen, ....
Huston,
Karthaus, ,

Pike

Pine (part of Lawrence for school
pnriKJses),

Sandy ,

Union, ,

Beech Creek,

Castanea ,

Chapman

Cokbrook,

Crawford ,

East Keating,
Gallagher, —

Greene

Grugan

Lamar ,

Leidy

Noyes,

Pine Cieek, .

Wayne,

West Keating.
Woodward, ...

Cooke,

Dickinson, ...
Frankford, . ,

Hopewell

Newton,

Southampton,
Upper MlUlin,

»••••«*•

Jackson, ,

Benezette,
Horton, .

Fannett, ...

Greene,

CJullford,
Haniilbm,
Letteikenny,
Metal

11.128
4,746
3,194

2,167

749

7,102

26,049
30,097

"is,' 241
2,463
6,997

20,980

2,453

925

2,907

14,414

11,229

7,999

4,244

7,598

3,038

1,957

1.523

483
11,349
1,964
8,491
7,138
1,930
15,216

610
230

15.324
60

24,648
721
1,586
3,137
6,063
3,558

10..?14
4,071

18,557

26.395

795

5,163

3.643

1,360

5,S32

1.236

199

444

98

357

1,156

269

8,854

H,556
283

3,668
5,849
3,704

994
8,197

624

222 56
94 92
63 88

43 34

14 98

142 04

520 98
601 94

'304 82

49 26

139 94

419 60
49 06

18 50
58 14

288 28

224 58

159 98

84 88

151 96

60 76

39 14

30 46

9 66
226 98

39 28
169 82
142 76

38 60
304 32

12 20

4 60

806 48

1 20

492 96

14 42

31 72

62 74
121 26

71 06
206 28

81 42
871 14
527 90

15 90
103 26

72 86
27 20

110 64

24 72

8 98

8 88

1 96

7 14

23 12

5 38

67 06

291 12
5 66

78 36

116 98

74 08

19 88

63 M
10 48

11,128
4,746
3,194

2,167

749

7,102

20,487
23.489
12,170
15,241
2,463
6,997

20,980

2,453

925

2,907

14,414

11,229

7,999

4,244

7.598

3. 038

1,957

1.523

483
11,349
1,964
8,491
7,138
1,930
15,216

610
280

15,324

eo

24.648
721
1,586
3.137
6.063
3,558

10,314
4,071

18,557

26.395

795

5,lf>4

8.643

1,860

5,532

199
444

867

'""269

8,8M

14.566
283

3,668

994

3,197

52i

$222 56
94 92
63 88

43 34

14 98

142 04

409 74
469 78
243 40
304 82
49 26
139 94

419 60

49 06

18 50

58 14

288 28

224 58

159 98

84 88

151 96

60 76

39 14

80 46

9 66
226 98

39 28
169 82
142 76

38 60
804 82

12 20
460

306 48
1 20

492 96
14 42
31 72
62 74

121 26

71 06
206 28

81 42
371 14
527 90

16 90
103 28

72 86
27 20

110 64

""8*98
888

7 14

"Tw

07 08

281 12
6 66

73 86

19 88
63 94
10 48

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OP FORESTRY,

1913— Continued.

U\

County.

Township.

Franklin,
Franklin,
Franklin,
Franklin,

Fulton, ,
Fulton, ,

Huntingdon,
Huntingdon,
Huntingdon,
Huntingdon,
Huntingdon.
Huntingdon.
Huntingdon,
Huntingdon,
Huntingdon,
Huntingdon.
Huntingdon.
Huntingdon.
Huntingdon,
Huntingdon,
Huntingdon,
Huntingdon,

••••••

)••••«

.Tunlata,
Juniata,
Juniata.

Lackawanna.

Lycoming,
Lycoming,
Lycoming.
Lycoming.
Lycoming.
Lycoming.
Lycoming,
Lycoming.
Lycoming,
Lycoming.
Lycoming,
Lycoming,
Lycoming,
Lycoming.
Lycoming,

•••••«

Mifflin.
Mifflin.
Mifflin.
Mifflin,
Mifflin,
Mifflin,
Mifflin,
Mifflin,

Monroe,
Monroe,
Monroe,

Perry.
Perry.
Perry.
Perry.

'••••••

Pike.
Pike.
Pike.
Pike.
Pike.
Pike.
Pike,
Pike,
Pike,
Pike.
Pike,

•••••••••

Peters,

Quincy

Southampton,
Washington, .

Dublin

Tod

Barree,

Brady,

Cass

Franklin,

Jackson

Lincoln

Logan

Miller

Morris

Penn

Porter,

Shirley

Spruce Creek,

Tod

Union

West

Lack

Milford, .
Tuscurora,

Lehigh.

Armstrong,

Brady

Brown,

Clinton

Cogan House, . .

Cnmmings,

Gamble

Lewis

Limestone,

McHenry

Molntire ,

Nippenose,
Plnnketts Creek,

Washington

Watson

Armagh

Bratton,

Brown

Decatur

Granville

Menno

Union,

Wayne ,

Barrett

Middle Smithfield.
Price

Jackson,
Madison,
Toboyne,
Tyrone,

Blooming Grove

Delaware

Dingman

Greene

Lackawaxen

Lehman,

Milford Independent District,

Porter,

Shohola

Westfall

m

I

S3
O.

•o
cd

2

u

o

VI

ao

01

u

V

•o

rs

o

CQ

E

u

8

f)
so

1

§.

u

o

VI

•o

8

»f^

ja

•o

9S

(J

"s

at)

8j

a

s
fe

il

<

<

<

638

10 76
192 48

I

i

9,624

9,624

* 192* 48

3,573

71 46
44 78

2.239

2,239

1 44 78

1.255

25 10

1,255

26 10

5,045

100 90

5,045

100 90

2,940

58 80

\ 2.940

68 80

295

5 90

2*15

5 90

2,609

52 18

?.fm

52 18

4.189

83 78

'1,189

83 78

26,100

522 00

2fi,100

522 00

855

17 10

' 855

17 10

4,123

i 82 46

1 4.123

82 46

2.562

51 24

2,562

51 24

168

3 30

168

3 36

613

; 12 26

613

12 26

1,150

23 00

1,150

23 00

2,973

1 59 46

2,973

59 46

221

4 42

221

4 42

1,002

20 04

1,002

20 04

1,068

21 36

1 1,068

21 36

5,745

114 90

5,745

114 90

1,951

1 3902

1,951

39 02

109

2 18

109

2 18

1.118

2236

1,118

22 36

4,956

99 12

4,956

99 12

2,352

47 04

2.352

47 04

610

12 20

610

12 20

18,869

377 38

18,869

377 88

2,283

44 66

2,28.'l

44 66

375

7 50

375

7 50

17,754

355 08

17,754

855 08

5,107

102 14

5.107

102 14

4,175

83 50

4,175

83 50

819

16 38

819

16 38

16,288

325 76

16.288

325 76

2.311

46 22

2.311

46 22

110

2 20

110

2 20

8.201

164 02

8.201

164 02

3,969

79 .38

3.969

70 .?8

1,215

24 80

1.215

24 30

?7,92B

568 52

27,926

558 ,52

8,028

160 56

8.028

160 56

5,871

117 42

5,871

117 42

942

18 84

942

18 84

80

1 60

80

1 60

314

6 28

314

6 28

202

4 04

202

4 04

6,163

123 26

6,163

123 26

8.'>S

17 16

858 i

17 16

1,545

30 90

1,545 1

30 90

3,998

79 96

3,998

79 96

7,851 !

157 02

7,851

1.57 02

1.733

34 66

1,733 i

34 66

16,460

329 20

16,460

329 20

830 I

6 60
236 52

11,82«

11.826

236 52

1,324

26 48

1.824

26 48

6,185

103 70

5,186 1

103 70

3,043

60 86

3,043 :

60 86

2.357

47 14

2,367

47 14

3,627

72 54

3.627 1

72 54

782 '

15 64

782 i

15 64

8,310

66 20

.?.310

66 20

20,631

412 62

20,631

412 62

479

9 58

479 !

9 68

3.161 ,

68 22.

s.m 1

88 22

'i

<i

\

1

142

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

1913— Continued.

County.

Pottor.
P«.tter.
Pottor,

Pott.T.

Potter,
Pottpr.
Pottfr.
TNittor.
Potter,

IV.tt.T,

Pottor,

Snyder,
Snyder,
Snyder,
Snyder,
Snyder,
Snyder,
Snyder,

Somerset,
Soujorset,
Somerset,

'liopa.
Tiojia.
TioKa.
Tiojra.
Tioga,
Tioga,
Tioca.
Tioga,

Union,
Union,
Union,
Union,

Towusbip.

Al)l.ott

Austin borou^ili,

lO.'ist Fork (attjiclKM!
1'or school piuiioscs)

Humor

Keating

Portage

St.'Wiinlson,

Siinimif

Sylvjjnia

West lirnncli

Wharton

to Eulaliu

Adams

f'entre

I'^ranklin, ...

I'erry

Spring

West P.< av«'r,
West Perry,

.TefTerson,

•Tenner,

Lineoln,

riintliam,
f'lymor,
T»elniar, ,
Duncan,
Elk

MiddlelMiry,

Morris,

Shippcn.

Hartley,

Lewis,

West l^ufll'alo.
Whito Door,

Westmoreland Cooko.

Westmoreland ] Ligonior,

Wyoming Eaton, .

'is

-^

g

CO

O

a
u

o

a

u

o

3

t^

<M

o

r- *

IM

OS

o

•a

8

t3

t4

at

u

od

^^

U3

&«

o

tx

o

Si

o

a 2,

</!

ai

5 ^

f'

Oi

o o

U

c ^

S^

^,

<

<

<

Total,

19,464

564

5,364

10,802

4,243

14,49i»

40,749

14,276

4,396

876

7,225

3,642
374

04 fv
1.000
6,084
4,013
3.025

1,043

1.499

925

1,188
744

.^529

1,0:)2
14.29r>

1,965
IS, 067
11.576

26,088

20.768

4,033

2,355

4.321
744

1.177

978,759

389 28

11 28

107 28

216 01

84 86

289 98

814 98

285 52

87 92

17 52

144 50

72 84
7 48
18 96
20 00
121 68
SO 26
60 50

20 86
29 98
18 50

23 76

14 88

110 58

21 04
285 90

39 10
361 34
291 52

r.21 76

415 36

80 66

47 10

86 42
14 88

23 54

19,464

564

5,364

10,S02

4,243

14,499

40,749

14,276

4,396

876

7,225

3,642
374
048
1,000
6,084
4.013
3,025

1,043

1,499

925

1.188
744

5,529

1,052
14,295

1,955
18,067
14,576

26.088

20.768

4,033

2,355

4,321
744

1.177

389 28

11 28

107 28

216 04
84 86
289 98
814 98
285 52
87 92

17 52
144 50

72 84
7 48

18 96
20 00

121 68
80 26
60 50

20 86
29 98
18 50

23 76

14 88

110 58

21 04
285 90

39 10
361 34
291 52

521 76

415 36

80 66

47 10

86 42
14 88

23 54

$19,575 18 i 978,758 $19,575 16

RECAPITULATION.

Total amount paid in 1912, $3S, 807.20.

970,306 acres at 2 cents per acre for road puri>osos, .
970,CCi4 acre.s at 2 cents per acre for school j)urposos,

Total anionnt paid in m:!. $30.1.'.0.ni.

'78,7r.9 acres at 2 cents p«'r acre for road i)Mrposes.
978,758 acres at 2 cents per acre for scliool pnr|M.ses,

$19,406 12
19,401 08

$38,807 20

$19,575 18
19,.575 16

$39,150 34

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

143

IM(ir4TS OF WAY.

Bj permit issned September 12, 1912, the State Highway Depart-
ment has granted authority to the Department of Forestry to ereot
and maintain a tele])hone line between Waterville and Black wells
in the Black Forest along the public highway under control of the
Highway Department, being State lligliway routes Xos. 2()(> and lOG.

On the 14th of Sei)tend)er, 11)12, the sui)ervisors of Brown township,
Lycoming county, foi- a nominal consideration, granted to the Dei)art-
inent the priviU'ge of building and maintaining a line of telephone
along a public highway in said township connecting with the Pine
Creek road, and making necesary cros.sings for the economical build-
ing of the line.

On October 11), 11)12, an agreement was entered into with the
Central Pennsylvania LnmbcM- Co., granting nnto that company a
right of way 00 feet wide for a distance of 1,20-1 feet over a porticm
of the State Forest in warrant 442:>, Flk townshi]), Tioga county.
This concession is to continue lor a ])ei*iod of four years, during
wiiich time an annual sum o*f if 15.00 is to be ]»aid for the privilege.
The lessee is required to employ all the usual precautions against
forest fire and other danger.

By agreement dated Decend)cr 20, 11)12, the Commonwealth was
granted the right to attach a wire to 108 poles of the Southern Pipe
Line Company along their right of way through the Mont Alto
division of the South Monntain State Forest. This grant was in
pursuance of a leservation contained in the deed by wdiich the Pipe
Line Company received the grant of a light of way through what is
now State land from the then owner, the Mont Alto Iron Company,
September 25, 1800. See Franklin county Deed Book 87,
[)age 379. The said attachment was made for the ]Mir]K)se of carrying
a line of telephone from forest headquarters at Mont Alto to the
Muddy Sw^amp region in the neighborhood of (Jreen Bidge.

On January 22, 101.3, an agreement was entered into with the
Bishel Lumber Co. of Loyal sock, granting to said company the
])rivilege to use a certain rollway and certain forest roads within
the State Forest, in order to eujible the company to remove certain
timber from an interior tract of land. The consideration for this
grant was fl.OO with a covenant containing the usual precautions
against fire and other damage.

By agreement dated February 11, 191.'>, between the Cnmberland
Valley Tele])hone Co. and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, a

TO

144

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

i

right is granted to the Commonwealth, in consideration of an annual
charge of |5.40, to attach two wires to be used for a telephone line
to 54 poles belonging to the said company on the Caledonia division
of the South Mountain State Forest. This lease is terminable after
sixty days' notice, and is for the convenience of the forest employes
within the above division.

On the 17th day of March, 1913, an agreement was entered into
with T. K. Uarter and John F. McCormick of Lock Haven, trading
as T. K. Harter & Co., for a right of way for tramroad over two
portions of warrant 1588, Morris township, Tioga county, for the
consideration of $5.00. The agreement is to subsist for a period of
one year or longer, if lumbering operations are not completed by
that time. All precautions relating to forest fire or other damage
are required to be taken.

On the 15th day of September, 1911, an agreement was entered
into with William Caprio, Anthony Grieco, Charles P. Grieco, and
Vito Grieco of Lock Ha>'en, trading as Caprio & Grieco, by which
a right of way 60 feet wide is granted through a portion of the State
Forest along Big Trough Creek for a period of twenty years, in
return for an annual rental of $20.00, which said lease Avas subse-
quently assigned by the lessees to the Juniata and Southern Railway
Co., said assignment being made with the assent of the State Forestry
Reservation Commission upon resolution duly adopted on the 4th day
of April, 1913. The annual rentals on this lease have been regularly
paid.

By four several agreements dated April 21, 1913 and May 7, 1913,
A\'(Mitz Neidigh, A. N. Stambaugh, L. A. Clouse, and A. B. Couch,
all of Andersonburg, Perry county, granted to the Commonwealth
the right to build a telephone line over lands owned by the respective
parties, for the purpose of connecting by telephone the forest ranger's
house in Henry Valley with the main line through Sherman's Valley,
thus giving telephone connection with the forester's headquarters
at New Germantown. The consideration in each instance was
nominal.

On the 27th day of May, 1913, an agreement was entered into
with Maude L. Gitt'ord of Shirley township, Huntingdon county, con-
veying the privilege of having and using certain water from State
land for domestic and other puiposes, and as much water as will
flow through a pipe 1^ inches in diameter. This grant is in part
consideration for the conveyance of lands made prior thereto by
Maude L. Gifford to the Commonwealth.

By agreement dated June 17, 1913, between the New York Central
and Hudson River Railroad Co. and the Commonwealth, the latter
is granted the privilege of making certain telephone wire crossings
over the rights of way and tracks of the railroad company at eight

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

145

different points along said right of way between Waterville and
Blackwells in the Black Forest. The agreement is revocable on thirty
days' notice. The telephone line so constructed is for the convenience
of the State foreh.ers and their employes in the above named forest.
By authority dated September 6, 1913, the Board of Supervisors
of Price township, Monroe county, granted to the Commonwealth the
right to erect poles and string wires along the Millerstown road in
said township and use the same as a telephone line for the conveni-
ence of the forest employes of the Pocono Division of the Minisink
Forest.

By agreement dated September 17, 1913, entered into with the
Waynesboro Water Company, there was granted to said company
the right to lay additional pipe through a portion of the Mont Alto
Division of the South Mountain State Forest, for the conveyance of
water from the reservoir of the company to the borough of Waynes-
boro. For this privilege the grantee paid a consideration of $100.00
and agreed to observe the usual precautions in doing the work.

By agreement dated September 22, 1913, the Cumberland Valley
Railroad Co., lessee, granted unto the Commonwealth for a nominal
consideration, the right to place and maintain two telephone wires
over and across the right of way and tracks of the railroad company
at Fort Loudon, and to make wire attachments to 45 poles belonging
to said company. This lease is terminable upon thirty days' notice.
It is for the convenience of the forester located on the Buchanan
State Forest.

By agreement dated October 24, 1913, between the Elk Tanning
Co. and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the right to construct a
telephone line over lands belonging to the company for a distance
of 120 rods, near Leetonia, within the Blackwells division of the
Black Forest, was granted. The consideration therefor was nominal,
with the right to the company to connect its instruments with the
wires at Cedar Run and Leetonia, free of charge.

On November 11, 1913, the grant of a right of way 60 feet wide
was made to the Central Penna. Lumber Co., to extend over a
portion of warrant 4442, in Tioga county, a distance of about 610
rods. The right of way is to subsist for a period of 7 years at an
annual rental of |50.00. All the usual precautions against fire and
other damage are to be taken.

By agreement dated November 28, 1913, between the Cresco and
Greentown Telephone Company and the Commonwealth, certain tele-
phone connections and privileges in relation thereto are granted to
the (commonwealth by the said telephone company for the use and
convenience of the forester located on the Pocono Division of the
Minisink State Forest. The consideration therefor was the usual

10—26- -1915

146

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY,

147

nominal consideration of |1.00, and the rentals accruing from the
use of the line and telephones.

By action of the State Forestry Reservation Commission had on
December 5, 1913, the borough of Mont Alto was granted the right
to take and receive water for borough use from the Mont Alto
Division of the Soutli Mountain State Forest, with a right of way
over the State land for a pipe line and the privilege to construct
a reservoir.

On llie 22d day of December, 1918, a lease was executed to the
IJeech ( -reek Extension Railroad Co. for a right of way within the
Hopkins State Forest in Noyes and Grugan townships, Clinton
county, for the purpose of building a railroad. This right of way
extends along the southern bank of tiie west branch of the Susque-
hjuuia river for a distance of about 1,020 rods. The consideration
for making the grant was the sum of |1,000 in cash and the convey-
ance of a tract of land containing 415 acres in the warrantee name of
Robert IrAvin in Beech Creek township, Clinton county, reserving to
the rail load company the use of water from a certain si)ring thereon
located and a right of way for a pipe line from the spring over and
tlirougli State land to the railroad.

By six several agreements bearing dates at ditferent times through-
out the year 1913, Messrs. G. Louis Dormoy, Stewart Albert, W. J.
Price, C. A. Reese, George D. Pine, and Dr. J. B. Heller, all of
Monroe county, granted to the Commonwealth the right of passage
for short distances over their private property for a nominal con-
sideration, the i)urpose being to construct a forest telephone line for
the use of the Pocono Division of the Minisink State Forest.

i»i:rmaxi:nt camp leases and temporary camping

PERMITS.

I»y act ol" the Legislature a])|)roved March 27, 1913, the Depart-
ment of Forestry is authorized to lease small areas of land to church
orgnnizntions, associations, societies, and individuals for the purpose
of a permanent camping and outing ground. The term of such leases
is limited to ten years. By action of the State Forestry Reservation
Commission duly adopted on the second day of May, 1913, the follow-
ing regulations were adopted for the government of such leaseholds:

The amount of annual rental which the lessee is to pay for the use

of the above tract is $ , the rental for the tirst year to

be paid at the time of the execution of this agreement, and for each
subsequent year on the anniversary date of this agreement and in
advance for the then next succeeding year.

The tract herein leased shall not be used by the lessee to conduct
a business of any character, nor for the sale of commodities, except
where the Department shall deem such business necessary for the
convenience and accommodation of the community and then only
after the making of a proper api)lication to the Department for special
permission to conduct the same, provided the Department api)r()ve
the application and direct that the lessee may conduct such business.

The lessee shall devote the tract herein leased to the j^rimjiiy pui-
pose described in the Act of Assembly above recited, and shall not
use the same nor permit any other person to use tlie same or to
devote such tract to a use Avhich may bring <liscredit and unfavorable
public criticism upon the Department. Of the proi)riety of use the
Department is hereby made the sole judge.

The lessee must prevent the pollution of springs and streams which
may be upon the leased tract or nearby within the State Forest, or
on private land, and must keej) and maintain the leased area in a
sanitary and sightly condition and comply with all the health in-
spection laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

The lessee and all other persons who may be entitled to participate
in the use of said tract or may be invited as guests to participate
with the lessee in the use of the premises, must respect and obey all
laws now made or which hereafter may be made relating to forests,
fish and game. The careless use of fire upon said tract or in any build-
ings which may be thereon erected, and the wanton discharge of fire
arms therein or thereon, are prohibited. Fire must not be permitted to
run from the leased area out into the forest, and all chimneys on any
buildings which may be erected thereon shall be so constructed as to
minimize the danger of forest fires from sparks issuing therefrom.
The building of bonfires is forbidden. The use of fire works and the
sending up of rockets and fire or toy balloons is prohibited. Burning
matches or hot ashes from pipes must not be thrown about in a care-
less manner or among inflammable material.

The right of ingress to and egress from the leased area and the
privilege to enter thereon at all times and as often as may be desirable
on the part of the lessee or by those authorized by him, for all proper
purposes, is hereby assured to the lessee. <

The gathering of flowers from the wild herbaceous plants of the
woods to be used for ordinary decorative puiposes is not objection-
able, but should be exercised by the lessee and those occupying the
premises with him in such moderation that wild plants may not

148

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

P

become extinct in the neighborhood. The destruction of growing
trees or ornamental shrubbery or any injury thereto is prohibited,
except the same be done with the permission of the Department.

The Department reserves the right to fix the location of any
building which the lessee may desire to erect upon the leased area,
and to determine the minimum value of such building. All plans
and specifications for the erection of buildings shall, at the call of
the Department, be submitted for criticism and inspection and be
accompanied by a certificate of the architect or builder, as to the
minimum cost of such building.

Should the lessee desire simply to erect tents and tent floors instead
of building a more permanent kind of structure, the same shall be
deemed to come within the purview of the act and within the authority
granted by this lease.

Every lessee shall have the privilege of using, at an agreed price,
dead and down wood from the nearby State Forest, which wood is
to be used by him only for fire and fuel purposes, and to be procured
by him only after permission has been given by an officer of the
Department.

Whenever violations of the laws of the Commonwealth or of the
rules of the Department relating to the use of the State Forests shall
come to the notice of the lessee, he hereby agrees to give information
of the same to the Department. The lessee likewise agrees to abide
by all the rules now made for the government of the State Forests
or which may be adopted in the future.

The lessee may make application for a renewal of this lease by
filing with the Department an application in writing three (3)
months prior to the expiration of the term for which it is granted;
but the Department will exercise its discretion whether or not the
lease shall be renewed ; and if renewed, whether on the same or upon
difl'erent terms; and if in the judgment of the Department it be
deemed necessary or expedient that a renewal of the lease be refused,
nothing herein contained shall be construed to limit the right of
the Department so to do. Ko assignment of this lease, nor subletting
of premises, shall be made by the lessee to any third person, except
the same shall first be approved by the Department.

Should the lessee violate any of the conditions contained in this
lease or any of the general laws of the Commonwealth or the rules
of the Department for the government of the State Forest, the Depart-
ment may upon proper proof thereof rescind and vacate this lease
and require the lessee to remove at once from the leased land; and all
buildings or other structures thereon erected by the lessee shall
become the property of the Commonwealth if the lessee shall not
within a reasonable time, to be fixed by the Department, remove the

ii

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY,

149

same therefrom; but in every such case the Department will receive
the application of the lessee or of third persons for the approval of
an assignment of the lease to a third person for the remainder of
the term and of the sale of any buildings on the leased area by the
lessee to the intended assignee of the lease.

For the sake of the protection of the State Forest as well as for
the protection of any buildings which may be erected upon the leased
land the lessee is required to assist in the extinguishing of all forest
fires which may originate within a reasonable distance of the leased
land, and to use all reasonable means to discover where and how
fire originated and report such discoveries to the Department, pro-
vided, however, that at the time of the fire the lessee be present
occupying the leased premises.

The Department reserves the right to inspect the leased premises
at all times, in order to determine whether this lease is being fully
complied with.

The forester representing the Department on the reserve wherein
the leased premises are situate, shall be supplied with a duplicate
key to every cottage or other building erected on the leased land, as
aforesaid, in order that in the absence of the lessee or his family and
guests the premises may be inspected from time to time to see that
they remain in good order and condition; and should the forester
or any of his employes at any time be overtaken by storm or other
cause making it necessary that they be afforded shelter while on that
part of the reserve wherein the leased premises are situate, the privi-
lege to use said cottage or other building erected thereon for such
emergency purposes is reserved to the Department; it being under-
stood and agreed that such use will be temporary and will be exercised
only in case of emergency, and of which the forester shall be the sole
judge.

Under the direction of the Department the lessee may at his own
expense repair old roads or construct new ones to the site of the
leased premises so as to make the locality more accessible. He may
likewise at his own expense and under the same direction erect tele-
phone lines to connect his cottage or other buildings with other lines
in the neighborhood, and for this purpose the Department will fur-
nish the necessary poles provided they may be conveniently had in the
locality where the line is to be built; but the cutting, removal, and
planting of the same and the stringing of the wires thereon must be
done by the lessee and at his own expense. The Department shall
have the use of all such telephones on the leased premises and without
charge, except in case of a toll or a long distance call.

The hitching of horses to trees on the leased area is prohibited.
For hitching purposes the lessee is requested to plant proper posts
or otherwise provide for this need.

ir)()

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc

No. 26.

ir

Under the direction of tlie Dei)artment it will be the duty of the
lessee to clear the leased premises of decayed wood, briars, weeds, or
other growth of worthless stuff, and of such trees as are not reciuired
for ''nurse" trees, and to keep the premises in a condition to prevent,
so far as possible, any spread of or invasion by fire.

The Department being desirous of promotiug the use of the State
Forests for general recreation and outing purposes, it will at all times
be open to receive suggestions from the lessee with respect to sucli
use of the lands, and will from time to time tendei* to the lessee and
his familv and guests such other assistance not herein specifically
cnuiuerated as will be proper for the I)ei)artment to render, in order
to ])romote the purposes for which the above recited Act of Assembly
was enacted, as well as the comfort and convenience of the lessee.

Numerous applications have been received and acted u])on by the
(%)mmission, and to December :nst, 10i:{, the following grants have
been made:

Nutne and Address.

Ix)eati«)n.

1. Joscpli H. Williams. Wellslwro, Pa., ..

2. George M. McDonald, Reynoldsville, Pa.,

Annual
Rental.

3. C. A. Sbunkwiler, Lewistown, Pa

4. J. K. Sheerer, Mattawana, Pa

I

5. E. E. Dlppery, ReedsvUle, Pa {

r.. C. C. Schriver, Harrlsburg, Pa

7. Johnson Muthersbaiigh, Lowistown, Pa.,

S. H. Eyer Spyker, Lewisburg, Pa

9. .T. W. Zind«l, Galoton, Pa

10. H. T. Albee, Galeton. Pa

n. F. L. Gilbert, KnoxviUe, Pa

12. John B. Boyer. Steelton, Pa

IS. Huston Township School District, Pen-
Held, Pa

14. T. K. Quick. Galeton, Pa

ir>. II. E. Leathers, Snow Shoe, Pa.,

If). F. C. Rice, ReedsvUle, Pa

17. L. G. Mayben. Milroy, Pa

18. J. W. Taylor,* ReedsvUle, Pa

19. R. N. Witt, Asaph, Pa

20. R. N. Smith. Williamsport, Pa

21. J. B. Swint, ReedsvUle. Pa

22. H. T. Re«'d. Rcedsville, Pa

Xortli Side of Rear Run. west side of
Pine Creek. Shippen township, Tioga
County

Dark Hollow, near the head of Buck
Hollow, Renezette township. Elk
county

Camp Conklin, Brown township, Mifflin
County,

Old Hunters Cabin Site. Bratton town-
ship, Mifflin county

Rear Spring, Brown township, Mifflin
county

The Ex[)lorer's Cabin, Cooke townslilp,
Cumberland county

Kulp's Shanty, the Rig Kettle. Jackson
townsliip, Huntingdon county

Crabajtple Camp, Miles township. Centre
county

The Big Spring. Stewardson township.
Potter county

Brook's Spring, Stewatdson township.
Potter county

Frazier's Crossing, Abbott township.
Potter county.

Bottom Field Log Cabin. Jackson town-
ship. Perry county

Laurel Run. Huston township. Clear-
field county

The Three Springs. AblK»tt township.
Potter coiinty

Eddy Lick Run, Burnside township,
(Jentre county

Levengood Spring. Itrown township. Mif-
flin counta^

Hassinger Mill Site, Jackson township,
Huntingdon county

Milliken Mill Site, Jackson township,
Huntingdon county

Chimney Hollow, Shippen township,
Tioga county

Parker Camp, McHenry township, Lj-
coming county

Chestnut Spring. Jackson township,
Huntingdon county

Tlie Bear Spring, Brown township,
Mifflin county,

$4 00

5 00
600
5 00
5 00
15 00
8 00
SOO
500
500
300
5 00

t

500
500
500
5 00
5 00
5 00
8 00
500
500

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

Grants — Continued.

151

Name and Address.

Ix>cation.

23. E. H. Hershey. Pastor. The First Pres- The Mouth of Darling Run, Shippen

byterian Church. Wellsboro. Pa. township. Tioga county

24. H. W. Bailey. Wellsboro, Pa The Edwards Clearing, Cummlngs town-

ship, Lycoming county,

25. L. S. Newton, Coudersport, Pa Head of 12-Mlle Run, Stewardson town-

sliip. Rotter county,

26. William Peters, § Milroy, Pa The Tub Shanty, Brown townsluF*,

Mifflin county

27. B. E. Zerbey, Allensville, Pa Martin's Gap, Miller township. Hunting-

don countv

28. Otto J. Nestle, Reading, Pa Tue Boiling Spring, Noyes township,

Clinton countv,

29. G. A. Woods. New Bethlehem. Pa Munn's Mill, Benezette township. Elk

county

30. C. D. Shaffer, Mifflinburg. Pa The Halfway Place. Hartley township.

Union countv,

31. R. C. Houser, Miiroy, Pa Ku1t)'s First Camp, Brown township,

Mifflin countv.

32. II. B. Shaver. Newton Hamilton, Pa., , ~ --- --.

33. Samuel S. Eveland. 2324 Market St.

Philadelphia, Pa.
38. F. A. Miller, Laurelton, Pa

40. D. J. Eckman, Lancaster. Pa.,

41. H. J. S. W^eicksel,§ Lock Haven, Pa..

42. H. A. Stevenson. Lock Haven, Pa., ..

Tlie Old Clinien Place, Wayne township,

Mifflin county

Mud Pond, Porter township. Pike

eounty

'I'he Sawdust Pile. Hartley town-^iiip.

rnion county

Left Sugar Camp Road. Gru;,'uu lown-

sliiji. Clinton coiir^ty, ...

Head of Ferney Run, Grugan township,

Clinton county,

Rattlesnake Run, Grugan township,

Clin<^on county,

44. Ray P. Fleming. ReedsvUle, Pa Coulter's Cabin, Union township, MltHin

county . . .. ..

46. W. H. Toner, Lewlstown, Pa Stone Creek Bridge, Jackson township,

Huntingdon county

53. Warren Fisher,? Renovo. Pa Second Fork of Yost Run. Bee:?h Creek

township. Clinton county.

71. J. J. Earner, Loganton, Pa McCalls Dam. Miles township. Centre

county

72. Thos. H. Clapham, Mifflinburg, Pa Bla<k Gai', Miles township. Centre

county

102. A. Ward Wilson. § Altoona. Pa Lyman C.ap Spring. White Deer town-

ship, Union county

103. W. C. Krader, Coburn, Pa., Cri.es Spring, Haines township. Centre

county,

I

Annual
Rental.

1 00

6 GO

500

6 00

5 00

50O

500

6 00

500

6 00

e 00

.'S ?0

6 00

coo

. 6 CO

S 00

7 CO

5 00

5 CO

5<Hf

r> 00

3 00

•Withfirawn January 2(i. n»14.

tXo charge.

§Leases granted and drawn but not yet e.xecuted.

Leases awarded before Def-embcr :»1, 1!M:>, bni nol dijiwn for
excM-ntion on that date:

E. H. Ashcraft, Coudersport, Pa.

Geo. ■*'. Railey. Jersey Sliori-. Pa..
Dr. C. J. Hunt, Harrisburg, Pa.

Site three-fourths of a mile above Abbott Station,
Potter county.

sSite at Laurel, Cooke township, Cumberland
county.

Xnmeroiis a|>plications are still on file to be acted npon by the
Forestry Commission as examinations and reports upon the tracts
desired niav be made.

The temymrarv eampini]^ featni'e is a nse of the State Forests which
is eontinninji: to be as ijojnilar as formerly. Dnrinj; the year 1912
])ermits were issued to 4,072 individuals, and during 101'? to 4,521
individuals.

ii

152

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

The following table shows the growth of the temporary camping
idea since the issuance of permits was first begun in 1904 :

Year.

1904.
1901.
1906,
1907,
1908,
1909.
1910.
1911,
1912,
1913,

1,614
1.977
2,303
2,497
3,409
3.597
3.556
4,528
4.672
4,521

fi

OTJTTKG AND RECREATION.

The Department of Forestry has always taken a lively interest
in the use of the State Forests for purposes of pleasure and recrea-
tion. It has consistently invited the people to avail themselves of
these privileges and for this use has thrown the least possible restric-
tion about these lands. The few simple rules which have been adopted
for the use of the State Forests by third persons are only such as
would be observed at any time by any individual possessing a due
sense of propriety.

I In order, therefore, to emphasize the duties of the Commission and
to spread broadcast among the people of the State the knowledge
that an invitation is tendered them at any time to enjoy the State
Forests, the following resolution was adopted by the Commission at
its regular meeting held October 3, 1913:

WHEREAS, This Commission has consistently advocated the use
of the Pennsylvania State Forests as outing and recreation grounds
for the people, to be freely used, subject only to the few reasonable
rules necessary for tlie protection of the land itself; and

WHEREAS, The joy of child life, the conservation of youthful
health, and education for future good citizenship will be augmented
by intelligent use and enjoyment of the State's great outing grounds;
therefore

BE IT RESOLVED that the State Forestry Reservation Commis-
sion grant to the children of Pennsylvania free use of the State For-
ests as recreation ground, subject to the few reasonable and necessary
rules for the protection of the land itself, and urges upon them the

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

153

use of this land for all proper purposes, particularly for mineral
and plant study, the collection of wild ilowers, the study of bird and
animal life, the gathering of chestnuts and other wild nuts and
fruits, and the enjoyment of such pleasures as are incident to the life
of a child in nature's great out-of-doors.

RESOLVED, further, that all forest officers afford every reasonable
facility in their power to the children in their respective neighbor-
hoods, for the enjoyment of the privileges herein conferred, and of
which the children are freely invited to avail themselves.

GEORGE W. CHILDS PARK.

During his lifetime Mr. George W. Childs, the well known editor
and proprietor of the Philadelphia "Public Ledger," acquired and
set aside for park purposes in Delaware township. Pike county, a
tract of land containing 52 acres, 88 perches. This little tract of
land is famous throughout all the neighborhood for its natural beauty.
It possesses an extremely good character of woods, a stream of water
passing entirely through it, broken at several places by waterfalls
and cascades. The sides of the stream and the tract generally are
stocked with rhododendron and mountain laurel. It contains a
number of attractive cleared areas, where picnic parties find much
pleasure in taking outings. The whole is indeed a little gem set in the
side of the hill, and in which Mr. Childs during his lifetime took
much pleasure.

By his will, Mr. Childs devised his estate to his wife, Emma B.
Childs, stating he has "full confidence that she, knowing his plans
and purposes, would by gift during her life make such disposition
thereof for charitable or other uses as would be in accordance with
his wishes." In fulfillment thereof, Mrs. Childs, well knowing the
desires and wishes of her husband, proposed to give Childs Park to
the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania through the Forestry Depart-
ment, to be added to the holdings of the Department and to be
devoted "for the use of the people of the Commonwealth of Pennsyl-
vania as a park or public recreation ground, under and subject to
the condition that the said grantee shall maintain Ihe premises hereby
granted as a park or public recreation ground, and shall at no time
permit any person to shoot fire arms or hunt upon same premises,
and that the said premises shall hereafter be named ^George W. Childs
Park'."

154

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

The deed of conveyance makes a reservation of 108 perches, the
area of a small burial ground within the park, so that the total area
conveyed to the Commonwealth amounts to 51 acres, 140 perches,
which was received in accordance with the provisions of the will and
of the deed of conveyance, and will be held by the Department to and
for the use of the people of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania as a
park or public recreation ground.

Fully appreciating the courtesy of Mrs. Childs and believing that
her act in placing within the possession of the Commonwealth such
a beautiful and attractive bit of natural scenery as there is in this
park should receive public and official recognition, the State Forestry
Reservation Commission at its meeting held June G, 1912, adopted the
following resolution, projmsed by Miss Mira L. Dock and seconded
by Dr. J. T. Rothrock:

"RESOLVED, by the State Forestry Reservation Commission that
the tlianks of tlie Commission and of the Pennsylvania Department
of Forestry be tendered to Mrs. Emma B. Childs for her public
spirited action in conveying to the Commonwealth without considera-
tion an area of land containing 51 acres, 140 perches, located in
Pike county, Pennsylvania, and known as the George W. Childs
Park, to be held and maintained by the Department of Forestry as
a park to which the i)ublic is invited and over which the State will
exercise due and careful supervision.

"RESOLVED further that the patriotic action of Mrs. Childs may
well be emulated by other I?ennsylvanians who may be in possession
of favored areas containing picturesque, notable physical, or other
features, which ought to be preserved inviolate and which might
well be committed to the care and oversight of the State, to be main-
tained for the benefit of the people as recreation centres and places
for outdoor enjoyment.''

The sentiment in the above resolution with respect to committing
to the custody of the Commonwealth to be preserved in the manner
indicated, such similar small areas for parks and recreation grounds,
is thus brought prominently to the attention of our people; and no
Pennsj^lvanian can build for himself a better monument than by thus
setting aside for the future enjoyment of the ])eople similar areas
having attractive natural features which are likely to be despoiled
if they remain in private hands and are not committed to the care
an<l oversight of the State; for here tliey will be maintained in
accordance with the terms of the grant for all time to come.

The date of the deed from Mrs. Childs to the Commonwealth is
Mav 22, 1012. It conveys the above tract for the consideration of one
dollar, and is recorded in Pike county in Deed Book GG, page 158.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

155

MISS MIRA LLOYD DOCK.

At the close of the year 1913 but one of the first members of the
State Forestry Reservation Commission remained. Dr. J. T. Rothrock.
Two such members were of the Commission until the expiration, on
July 25, 1913, of the term of Miss Mira L. Dock, who declined a re-
appointment which was tendered her, because of other duties, although
urged to do so by the friends of forestry throughout the State.
The retirement of Miss Dock, therefore, removed from the Commission
one of its most useful and interested members, who was regular in
attendance at the meetings, took a deep concern in all the work
of the Department, and always was ready to sacrifice her private
interests for the public good. Miss Dock retires with the best wishes
of all her associates, and very much to the regret of the members
of the Federation of Women's Clubs, whom she served for many
years as Chairman of their Committee on Forestry. It was through
her influence and kindly interest that the members of the Women's
Clubs of Pennsylvania have taken such a deep and lasting hold of
our forestry problem, and from whom this Department has received
most efficient aid and encouragement.

On the resignation of Mr. Albert Lewis, an original member of the
Commission, on July 11, 1901, Miss Dock was duly appointed to serve
in his place, her commission bearing date July 25, 1901. She served
in this capacity for three successive terms, having been reai)pointed
by Governor Pennypacker in 1905 and by Governor Stuart in 1909.

As a fitting mark of regard and in order that there might be placed
among the records of the Forestry Reservation Commission a minute
respecting her severance of relations with Pennsylvania forestry work,
the Commission did accordingly, at its regular meeting held on the
third day of October, 1913, adopt the following resolution:

*^ WHERE AS, Miss Mira Lloyd Dock, our honored associate in the
Forestry work of the State, after 12 years of faithful, productive
effort, has felt obliged to decline longer service; therefore be it

"RESOLVED, That Miss Dock's withdrawal from the State Foi-
estry Reservation Commission is a cause of great regret to the mem-
bers of the Commission who have been so long and so closely associ-
ated with her.

"RESOLVED, That we seriously feel her absence. Her voice was
always for earnest, wise work. With a woman's instinct she saw the
need of measures which escaped notice of other members of the
Commission, and with a woman's tact she led to their adoption.

156

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

157

Ml

^^RESOLVED, That we recognize that the present advanced posi-
tion of Pennsylvania in Foi estry matters is largely due to the interest
and assistance of the women of the State, and that we have always
regaided Miss Dock as theii- representative, believing that her jilace
in our meetings cannot well Ik? taken by any other person. She
constituted a class of whidi she was the sole member.

''IvESOLN'I^D, That we hope many years of health, happiness, and
useful etlort may yet be accorded her. We will each and every one
alwavs be rroud to remember that she was our associate.

"RESOLVED, Thnt an engiossed copy of these resolutions be
transmitted to Miss Dock."

In accordance Avith the last paragraph of the resolution, a suitably
engrossed copy thereof has been prepared and forwarded to Miss
Dock, as exjiressive of the regard in which all her former associates
held her during an uninterrupted service of twelve years freely given
at a large personal sacrifice for the good of the Commonwealth.

LEGAL AFFAIRS.

The Department is again able to report that during this period
there was little occasion to invoke the aid of the criminal law. It
is the purpose of the Department to prosecute all cases of setting fire
on State land where suiticient evidence may be had, but among all
the instances of such fires it is the opinion of the Commissioner that
no such evidence was in hand, and accordingly no prosecutions were
undertaken. We accept tlie theory that prosecution does not promote
any real good unless it is reasonably possible to secure a conviction.

Two cases of trespass on State lands were brought to the attention
of the Department, and settlements were made without prosecution,
the defendants agreeing to pay the damage they wrought and the
Department to receive such settlement in lieu of legal action.

The first case of this kind was reported by Forest Ranger E. T.
Riviere, who detected the illegal taking of timber from the Westfall
division of the Minisink State Forest. The defendants, Harry Pitney,
Louis de Berlhe, and Everett Lieight, paid $18.00 in settlement, and
this amount was paid into the Treasury March 12, 1913.

The second was a case reported by Forester N. R. McNaughton of
the Karthaus Division of the Clear Held State Forest, where Q. E.
Beauseigneur made settlement for timber taken from State land.

The defendant in this case undoubtedly acted mistakenly and not
intentionally, and the Department accepted a settlement for the
value of the timber taken, to wit, $57.17, which amount was paid
into the Treasury October 31, 1913.

A case of violation of the rules of the Department was reported by
Forester H. C. Evans against one Veris Burkholder for erecting a
camp on State lands and building a fire without i}ermit, as required.
This case was handled by W. H. Spencer, Esq., of Williamsport.
The defendant was arrested, brought before court, where he admitted
the offence and a fine of $25.00 and costs was imposed by Judge
Whitehead, the amount of the fine being subsequently paid and
deposited in the Treasury by this office August 1, 1913. Burkholder's
companion in this escapade was one C. E. Creighbaum, who left the
neighborhood immediately and could not be apprehended.

Henry Karschner of near Lock Haven, Clinton county, paid $3.00
for timber cut on State lands. Fry & Persun, through forest ranger
Mull, $3.10 for railroad ties cut on State land. Both of these cuttings
were in the nature of unintentional trespass. Amounts indicated have
been deposited with the State Treasurer.

During the season of 1913 spring fires. Fire Warden James Tenley
of Defiance, Bedford county, summoned one James Williams to help
extinguish fire. Under the act of Assembly creating a system of fire
wardens, a person may not refuse to respond to such summons unless
he has a legal excuse. The defendant offered no such excuse and
questioned the power of the fire w^arden to compel him to attend. He
was accordingly placed under arrest by the fire warden for failure
to comply with his summons and after a trial in the Quarter Sessions
court at Bedford, was convicted for violation of the law and sentenced
to pay the costs, amounting in the aggregate to about $60.00. The
effect of this conviction has been good. There has been much indiffer-
ence in Bedford county respecting the extinguishment of forest fires,
and it is hoped that the lesson thus impressed will not be lost upon
others who are too indifferent to the damage wrought by such fires
to lend assistance when summoned.

A controversy arose with William Bilger respecting the ownership
of a small tract of land located in Lack township, Juniata county,
Mr. Bilger claiming to own a small area which w^as surveyed into
the purchase from Hedwig A. Oppel. The area in dispute was but a
few acres and the determination of it one way or the other involved
the permanent location of the State's boundary line. Mr. Bilger's
claim w^as based upon a survey made for him at a time prior to the
State's purchase. To have tried out this title in court and won
would have meant an expense of many times the value of the land
in controversy. A proposition of amicable adjustment was therefore
made involving the division of the disputed tract, which after a con-

158

KEPORT OF THE

Off. Doc

m

feience with Mr. Uil^vi- and Jiis counsel at MifHintown on November
2(; IDTJ, was (inall^' aj^reed to. A new survey line was accurately
run upon Hie j^i-ound and Hie boundary line i-elocated in accordance
Willi the new survey, each i)arty taking about tive acres of the disputed

tract.

A claim was made on the Adams Express Company tor the breakage
of a painted sign, a part of the exhibition material which was used
at riiiUidelphia. The claim was settled by the company ]>aying the
sum of 15.00, which amount was deposited with the State Treasurer.

There are at ])resent pending two suits in trespass, one against II.
V. Wilhelm in the C'linton county court, and another against J. W.
Lauver in the Miftlin county court. Since neither of these has been
terminated, no further re])ort may be made at this time.

J)i:i?ai:tmi:xt li:asi]s.

The Federal Kefractories Company.

During the years covered by this report, the Department was in
receipt of stead}' returns from the tirst lease executed to the Federal
llefractories Company. A statement of the revenues for the two years
res[>ectively is as follows:

Revenues for 1012.

January 1335-75/112 tons at 5|c per ton, |73 4G

February, 1 221 1 00/221 " " " 07 1 8

March, 5S2 45/5r» " " " 32 05

A pril , 1 130 20 1 /224 " " « 79 03

May USO-l 00/221 '' '' " 81 44

June 1574-1/10 " " " 80 57

July 1807 3/4 " " " 00 43

August 2105-25/225 " '' «' 115 78

SeptendKM- 1035 " " « 80 03

October 2200-55/224 " " « 124 31

November 2175 5/50 " '' " 110 03

December, 2022-31/112 " " « 11123

Total 11,080 04

I

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

159

Revenues for 1913.

January, 1741-43/112

February, 1450-170/448

March, 1307-3/224

April, 1541-71/112

May, 1420-10/224

June, 1517-217/224

July, 1327-751/1120

August, 1437-01/112

September, 1408-00/112

October, 1218-143/224

November, 082-101/224

December, 028-31/112

tons

at 5Jc

per ton,

|05 78

70 77

70 84

84 79

78 00

u

83 49

73 02

79 00

80 77

07 02

54 05

51 00

Total, 1004 25

Total for two years, |1,084 20

The value to the Commonwealth of this lease is shown as of Decem-
ber 31st, 1013, by the following statement of account:

To purchase price of land, 1,087 acres, 00
perches at |2.75 per acre,

Interest on the purchase price to date above,. .

Fixed charges for road and school purposes to
above date,

Total,

$2,000 44
713 37

435 25

$4,130 00

I '

' Royalties received, previously reported,

Royalties received during the years 1012-13, . . .

,308 30
1,084 20

Total,

,382 08

Total receipts to above date, ?8,382 08

Total expenditures and charges to above date, 4,130 00

Excess of receipts over expenditures, $4,243 02

The above statement shows that the Commonwealth has received
from the above lease an excess of $4,243.02 over all its expenditures,
which is equivalent to a return of 202.52 per cent, on the investment
as of December 31, 1913.

11

ii»i

160

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

THE FEDERAL REFRACTORIES COMPANY LEASE NO. 2.

A lease to the «above company dated December 22, 1909, for 3,542
acres located in the townships of Logan and West, Hnntingdon
county, for the sale of rock on the above tract, is similar in all respects
to that contained in the foregoing lease. The lessee has not yet been
able to begin the removal of rock. By action of the State Forestry
Reservation Commission the time for beginning such removal has been
extended to the 15th day of June, 1915.

THE SOUTH RENOVO WATER LEASE.

This lease bears date August 28, 1906, and is to run for a period of
twenty years. For the year 1912 the borough reports the use of water
as follows:

208 houses at 25 cents per house, $52 00

10 dwellings outside of the borough using 539,027 gallons

at 1 cent per thousand, 5 40

Total, 157 40

The charge for the use of water within the borough was remitted
by the Department, leaving a balance due the Commonwealth under
the lease of |5.40, which amount was received and paid into the
State Treasury.

Report for the year 1913.

244 houses at 25 cents per house, |61 00

Water used outside of the borough amounting to 403,217
gallons at 1 cent per thousand, 4 03

?65 03

By action of the Forestry Commission, charges to the extent of
149.89, for water used within the borough, were remitted, leaving a
balance due of |15.14, which amount has been received and paid into
the State Treasury.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

101

THE CHAMBEI^iSBURG WATER LEASE.

This lease, which is dated November 7, 1910, began to yield returns
when the water was turned on on July 3, 1911. At the time of the
preparation of the last report, covering the years 1910-11, no report
had been received from the borough respecting the use for the
fraction of the year. A statement, therefore, of the revenue derived
from this lease from July 1, 1911 to December 31, 1913, is as fol-
lows :

Revenue derived from flat water rents, 1911, |11,774 40

Revenue derived from metered water rents,

1911, 6,291 07

Electric light plant, free water, value esti-
mated at, 200 00

Total revenue for the year 1911 upon which
the charge under the lease is to be cal-
culated, 118,265 47

Rated on a six months' basis, 9,132 73

Charge at the rate of one-half of 1%, 45 66

Statement for 1912.

Revenue derived from flat water rents, $11,444 78

Revenue derived from metered water rents, . . 10,526 56

Revenue derived from delinquent water rents,
calculated on a six months' basis as per
charge for that year, 678 80

Revenue derived for water for building pur-
poses, 34 91

Total revenue for 1912 upon which charge is

to be calculated, $22,685 05

Charge at the rate of one-half of 1%, 113 43

Statement for 1913.

Revenue derived from flat water rents, 1 12,189 78

Revenue derived from metered water rents, . . 13,493 16
Revenue derived from delinquent water rents,

1911 and 1912, 1,624 16

Water for building purposes, 108 67

Special permits, 1911, 57 95

11—26—1915

162

REPORT OF THE Off. Doc

Total revenue for 1913 upon whicli charge

is to be calculated $27,473 72

Charge at the rate of one half of 1%, 137 37

Total receipts to December 31, 1913, from

above lease, ^^96 4G

THE THOMAS CKONIN COMPANY.

A lease bearing date March 25, 1912, after due compliance with
the legal formalities as required by act of February 25, 1901, P. L.
page 11, was awarded to the Thomas Cronin Company of Pittsburgh,
a Pennsylvania corporation, for the sale and removal of blue stone
from a quarry within the Stuart State Forest near Ligonier, West-
moreland county, on the line of the Pittsburgh, Westmoreland, and
Somerset Railway Co. The lessee is required to exercise due care
in operating the quarry, destroy no standing timber except that which
is unavoidable in the process of quarrying, and pay for that which
is destroyed. The royalty paid by the lessee is IG cents per ton of
2240 pounds. Bond in the sum of |2,000 is filed by the lessee and he
is required to remove a minimum gross weight of (),000 tons per year
or pay for that amount if not removed. The leased tract is limited
by the agreement to 300 feet in depth by 500 feet in length, measured
on a level with the tracks of the railroad. This amounts to an area
of 3.44 acres, for which the Commonwealth ])aid |17.20.

By affidavit dated June 17, 1912, it is shown that the first removal
of blue stone from said quarry was made on June 11, 1912. The
revenue, therefore, accrues from that date with the first material

removed.

A statement of revenue derived from the above lease is as follows:

Revenue for 1912.

June, 460.67 tons at 16c per ton, |73 71

July, 383.08 " " " 61 29

August, 439.5 " « " 70 32

September, 194 " " " 3104

October, 445.05 " " " 71 21

November, 684.77 " " " 109 56

December, 505.27 ** « " 80 84

' /

No. 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. Ifti

Revenue for 1913.

January, 326.07 tons at 16c per ton,

February, 277.6 '' " "

March, 374.1 " « «

April, 739.42 " " "

May, 455.44 " " «

June, 528.61 " " "

July, 484.82 '' " «

August, 590.35 " " «

September, 228.88 " " «

October, 405.18 " " "

November, 112.81 '' " "

December, 255.49 " " "

Total for 19 months, $1,262 56

It will be seen from the above statement that this lease is one of
advantage to the Commonwealth and in a reasonable time will pay
a very substantial rate of interest on the investment. The Stuart
State Forest, located in Westmoreland and Somerset counties, con-
tains an aggregate of 8,532 acres, for which the Commonwealth paid

.00 per acre, or a total of |42,662 81

Interest on this amount at 2% from date of

purchase to December 31, 1913, 4,266 28

Fixed charges thereon from the date of pur-
chase to December 31, 1913, 1,535 76

Salaries of foresters and rangers to above
date, including amount expended for labor,
incidental expenses and surveys, 11,406 42

$52

17

44 41

59

85

118 31

72

87

84

58

77

57

94 45

36

62

64

83

18 05

40

88

Total cost of the Stuart State Forest, $59,871 27

Revenue derived fi'om the above lease for

a i)eriod of 19 months,

Showing to date a net return on the total in-
vestment of 2.18 per cent.

The above lease has 13 vears and 5 months to run.

$1,262 56

164

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc,

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

165

THE SANDUSKY PORTLAND CEMENT COMPANY.

With the final purchase of the lands in Cumberland county at
Pine Grove Furnace from the South Mountain Mining and Iron
Company, which was consummated by deed bearing date the 12th day
of September, 1913, there were conveyed to the Commonwealth two
existing leases appurtenant thereto which had formerly been entered
into with the lessees by the grantor, and which upon final transfer
of the title to the Commonwealth were assigned to the State of Penn-
sylvania. In one of these the lessee is the Sandusky Portland Cement
Co. with offices located in York, Pa., and in Sandusky, Ohio. This
lease is dated August 1, 1912. The assignment was made to the
Commonwealth under date of December 3, 1913. It grants the
lessee the right to search for, remove, and use all clay found in a
radius of one-fourth of a mile of the then present mouth of a certain
clay shaft in the mountainside back of Gardner's farm. The term
of the lease is ten years from June 1, 1912, or so long as a suitable
supply of clay may be obtained, but not to exceed the ten.year limit.

The royalty to be paid for the clay is 25 cents per ton of 2,000
pounds, railroad weight, payable monthly. A minimum royalty of
f600.00 per year is reserved by the lease.

During the month of December, 1913, this company removed from
the State land 521.906 tons of clay, which at the royalty of 25 cents
per ton, has yielded to the end of the period covered by this report
1130.48.

At a point called Laurel within the State Forest, in the main
valley stream, Mountain Creek, a dam has been constructed
making a lake of considerable extent for the purpose of harvesting
ice. Here the United Ice and Coal Co. has erected storage houses
and a siding from the Hunters Run and Slate Belt railroad for the
purpose of removing and marketing ice. The above lease carries the
privilege to enter upon the premises and remove such ice as may
be of commercial value during the proper season. Upon the acquisi-
tion of the lease by the Commonwealth as owner, a modification and
extension of the same was accomplished by agreement tentatively
adopted during the latter part of 1913, but not executed until
January, 1914. For this reason no royalty accrued to the Common-
wealth during the year 1913, but will appear in later reports.

The present subsisting agreement between the parties provides
that the lessee shall keep the whole dam in repair and to place
within the storage house on the premises at least 5,000 tons of ice
each year. Should there be an excess of ice above this quantity, the
lessee may permit other persons to remove ice and may, during the
freezing period, remove in cars such excess for storage elsewhere.
The lessee agrees to pay to the Commonwealth a royalty of 5 cents
per ton of 2,000 pounds for all ice originating upon and shipped away
from the leased area, railroad weight to be taken, and the same
to be reported by affidavit each month ; also to pay a similar royalty
on all ice which it may sell to third persons for the purpose of re-sale.
Royalty shall be paid upon a minimum annual amount of 5,000 tons,
whether ice to that quantity be shipped or not. The ice year is
therein defined as extending from the first day of May in each year
to and including April 30th of the succeeding year.

THE UNITED ICE AND COAL COMPANY.

The second of the leases acquired by the Commonwealth with the
purchase of the lands of the South Mountain Mining and Iron Com-
pany, is one dated December 30, 1898, originally made to John S.
Low, et al., trading as The John S. Low Ice Co. Prior to the acquisi-
tion of the lease by the Commonwealth, the rights of the lessee were
acquired by the United Ice and Coal Co., a Pennsylvania corpora-
tion, and the original lease with all rights thereunder duly assigned,
as aforesaid, was by assignment of lease, under date December 3,
1913, conveyed to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

166

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc

GEOLOGICAL AND TOPOGRAPHICAL REPORTS ON STATE

FORESTS.

From time to time foresters in charge have made geological studies
and topographical reports of their areas. These have been published
in greater or less detail and are found scattered through the reports
of the Department. It is probably desirable to index them for
future reference. The following reports have thus far been submitted.
The book and page of the Department report is appended for ready
reference :

Forest.

Division.

Forester Reporting.

a

3

Asaph,

Asaph

Klshacoqulllas.
KIshacoquillas,

Notch

Cumberland, . .

Caledonia

Jacks Mountain.
Clearfield

Penfleld.

Bear Meadows.

Barree,

Bedford

Trough Creek

Stone

Stone,

Seven Mountain

Seven Mountain

Minisink ■

South Mountain

Pennypacker

South Mountain,

Seven Mountain,

Clearfield,

Sinnemahoning

Kettle Creek Crossfork

Black Forest ; Waterville

Sinnemahoning Austin

McElhattan 1 V.-,"/ •;,•

Black Forest Blackwells.

Clearfield

Seven Mountain

Stuart

Seven Mountain

Buchanan j

Whetham I

Minisink, Pocono

Loyalsock ; • • • •

Se^eu Mountain I Greenwood

Rothrock, •• • !

Hopkins i Renoto i

Clearfiel'l Karthaus,

White Deer Tea Spring j

Grays Run ;; 7, Vi i

White Deer McCall ;

McClnrc ••• •• |

Sinnemahoning i Sizerville

McElhattan

Trough Creek a;*

Seven Mountain Coburn

Stone Chatham i

Kettle Creek Leidy !

Young Womans Creek ^j

Whetliam •■ «•••••

Hopkins I Snow Shoe,

Bald Eagle, •'

Grays Run

McClure, »;*jl"

Sinnemahoning Medix,

G..
W. G.

>••••••<

Byers,

Heintzleman,

Mulford.

Mulford, ...
McNeal, ...
McNeal, ...

Avery

Houpt,

Bryner, ..
C^onklin, R
Conklin,

Dague,

Elliott

Emerick

Evans, H. C,

Fox

DutHnger

Retan,

Kirk

liUdwig

Williams

Morton

Witlierow

Dutlineer, ....

Strobeck

Bastlan

Kraft

Bodlne

Thomson,

McNaugLton, .

Metzger

Wells

Winter

Witherow, —
Evnns, W. B.,
Hogentogler,

Houpt

Meek,

Miner

Muller,

Mumma,

Ryon .

Sheeler,

Smith

Wells

Witherow, ...
Zerby

1MI7

1907

1907

1908

1907

190S

1908

1908

1908

190S

1908

1908

1906

1908

1906

1908

1906

1908

1906

1906

1906

1906

1906

1906

1906

1910

1910

1910

1910

1910

1910

1910

1910

1910

191S

1918

1918

1918

1913

1918

1918

1918

1918

1913

1912

1918

1913

0)
04

89

80-88

102

812

84

119

157

279

201

162

210

138

266

807

195

300

U7

832

2f7S

258

848

188

179

147

298

63

54

65

56

67

67

68

56

••••••

••••••

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

107

THE DYNAMITE EXPERIMENT.

In 1911 the Department of Forestry entered into an agreement
with the Dupont Powder Company to experiment with subsoil blast-
ing to determine what acceleration of tree growth might be produced
by loosening the hardpan within State forest plantings. To this
end six 1-acre tracts were selected located respectively at Mont Alto,
Franklin county; Fields Station, Lycoming county; Ansonia, Tioga
county; Glen Union, Clinton county; Laurel Summit, Westmoreland
county; and Notch, Pike county. Each experimental plot consists
of one dynamited acre planted to seedling trees, and immediately
beside it another check acre is laid off planted with the same kind
of trees. The growth of trees has been small at the outset, as is
usually the growth with young forest trees shortly after planting.
Nothing in the way of set measurements can yet be made, but it is
hoped that after the growth of the year 1914 is had, when the trees
will have had three years' growth from planting, there will be suffi-
cient data to make a report and a reasonable comparison. Nothing,
therefore, is to be said about the results of the experiment until such
studies may be made at the end of the growing season in 1914.

CHESTNUT BLIGHT.

The fungus disease commonly called the Chestnut Blight which
made its appearance within the State a number of years ago and
which was the cause of the creation of the Chestnut Blight Commis-
sion to study the problem and attempt to eradicate the disease, is
still common within the State, and so far as can be learned, is
ravaging the chestnut stock about the same as formerly. In the
eastern and southern portions of the State thousands of chestnut
trees have died and the disease seems to be progressing gradually
westward.

Because of the failure of the Legislature to appropriate a sum of
money which in the judgment of the Commission was deemed adequate
to carry on its work, the Commission declined to accept the appro-

m

168

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

priation of |100,000 and requested the Governor to veto the appro-
priation, which was accordingly done. The life of the Commission
and its former appropriation extended beyond the end of the fiscal
year June 1, 1913, and the Commission consequently carried on its
work until some time in the autumn of that year.

The Department was in active collaboration with the Commission
in all its work during the period of activity. This, of course, ceased
with the closing of the work of the Commission.

DEPARTMENT EDUCATIONAL EFFORTS.

The Department was requested to prepare and install an exhibit
for a second time with the Western Pennsylvania Exposition Society
in Pittsburgh. In compliance therewith, the exhibit was put into
place in September, 1913, and maintained there for a period of nearly
two months, for study and inspection by the public. Many hundreds
of persons visited the exhibit during its continuance, and much
interest was manifested, particularly by the school children and young

people.

The exhibit was in charge of Forester James E. McNeal,
and Forester Maurice Mustin. The display undoubtedly was
of value and the installation of similar displays in other parts of the
State would be of benefit.

The same exhibit had previously been installed in the fall of 1912
at the annual exhibition and farmers' encampment which is held at
Grange Park, Centre Hall, in Centre county. Here it was received
with favor. All visitors were interested and many questions were
asked respecting its purpose and meaning. This exhibit at this
place was in charge of Forest Inspector George H. Wirt and foresters
John W. Seltzer, Charles R. Meek, and Harry J. Mueller, and was
maintained for a period of one week.

In May, 1913, the Pennsylvania Forestry Association held a series
of meetings and installed a variety of exhibits in Horticultural Hall,
Philadelphia. The exhibit of this Department was placed there in
charge of Forest Inspector George H. Wirt, Foresters James E.
McNeal, W. Gard. Conklin, and Maurice Mustin. At the auditorium
meetings which were held in the afternoon and evening, addresses
were made by members of the Department as follows:

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

Dr. J. T. Rothrock, Member of the Commission. Subject: "Desolate
Pennsylvania."

Hon. S. B. Elliott, Member of the Commission. Subject: "Forestry
and the Lumber Industry."

I. C. Williams, Deputy Commissioner of Forestry. Subject: "Dis-
eases of our Forest Trees with Special Reference to the Chestnut
Blight."

This effort of the Pennsylvania Forestry Association was notable
in many ways. It was visited by hundreds of persons, was most
favorably noticed in all the newspapers, and aroused much interest
and comment.

All the foresters connected with the Department are under in.
struction to take as large a part as possible in the educational efforts
of their communities. They are advised to visit schools and make
addresses to the children on arbor days, and at such other convenient
times as may be desirable, to take parties for an outing into the
woods, teach them about the work that is being done within the
State Forest, show how to plant trees, explain the danger of forest
fire, and generally fill the minds of the young with a greater desire
to know more about the usefulness of the woods.

The forest community idea which was discussed in the previous
report of this Department, is being worked out in two notable
instances within the State Forest, to-wit, by Forester R. Lynn
Emerick at Crossfork, Potter county, and by Forester John R.
Williams at Pine Grove Furnace, Cumberland county. These two
regions are so isolated and cut away from the outside world that
the finest opportunity exists in both cases for the working out of
the idea mentioned in the former article.

In addition to all the above, the Forest Inspector George H. Wirt,
made numerous addresses to associations and clubs, more fully re-
ported upon in his individual report contained herein. The Deputy
Commissioner of Forestry also had numerous calls throughout the
State for lectures and addresses and responded wherever it was
possible to do so. Miss Dock, Mr. Elliott, and Dr. Rothrock of the
Commission were likewise in demand, and wherever it was possible
for them to be present and discuss the forestry problems, they will-
ingly gave their time to the work.

A report in detail on the last Pittsburgh exhibit made by the
foresters in charge, Messrs. McNeal and Mustin, follows:

170

REPORT OF THE

Off. tVoti

li

!*«

1

i

EXHIBIT OF PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

AT THE
PITTSBURGH EXPOSITION.

August 27th to October 18th, 1913.

"The exhibit arrived in Pittsburgh and the work of setting it up
was begun on August 22nd. This required the work of three men,
who were familiar with the material to be displayed, until the day ot

opening, August 27th.

"The p]xhibit was located on the north side of Machinery Hall on a
60 ft X 28 ft. floor space, between the exhibit of the Pittsburgh
Department of Public Works and Heckler^s Stove Exhibit.

"Our location was disadvantageous, first, because the Pittsburgh
Department of Public Works exhibit was almost entirely enclosed
by a wall 10 ft. high, and, being nearer to the Hall entrance, hid
our exhibit from the view of those entering. Secondly, most of the
people entering walked only in the center aisle. Third, many people
came to the Exposition principally to hear the music and never
entered the hall in whicli our exhibit was located. Fourth, the roof
was in bad condition and on rainy days the water came through. On
several occasions is was necessary to close the exhibit until damage

could be repaired. . . ^ , ^ ii

"It is suggested that thorough protection from damage by lire
and water and absolute safety of all articles displayed, be guaranteed
by those desiring the exhibit in the future. It is further suggested
that in the event of a future request by the Exposition Society of
Western Pennsylvania for a Department exhibit, it be sent only on
condition that floor space in the main hall be granted.

"The Exposition was open to the public from 10 A. M. to 10.30 P. M.

every day except Sunday. .^ ^

"The exhibit was attractive to most of the people who saw it, and
there is no doubt that its installation was well worth while. It
was frequently visited by those interested in educational work, who
asked questions concerning the Avork of the Department, and means
of securing material such as lantern slides, specimens of wood, leaves,
seeds etc., for educational purposes. Thousands of grade, high, and
normal school pupils from the city and county were amply supplied
with literature, and were very much interested in the exhibit. Besides
these, there were farmers and other people interested in shade trees
who asked specific questions concerning tree diseases, planting, desir-
a,bility of various species of trees for shade and other purposes.
The Boy Scouts were interested in conservation in general, and in
nature studies, and asked for literature for their quarters.

"The Assistant City Forester of Pittsburgh, the Borough Forester
of Sewickley, and se\^eral other foresters doing private work, fre-
quently visited the exhibit and were keenly interested in the work
and complimentary in their comments.

y.

cr
c

C
y.

170

UKPOIIT OF THE

Off. i>oe

"EXilllUT OF rKXXSVLVAMA 1 )r:rAKTMi:NT OF FOUKSTKV

AT TUJO
I'lTTSIU UGll EXPOSITION.

Auiiust 2Tlli to Octobfn- I8II1, 11)13.

^'The exhibit airivcMl in rittslmr^li Jind tlie work of setting it up
was bej»iin on Auj^nst l>2n<I. This reqniied the work of tliree meu
who were familiar wilii llie material to be displayed, until the day ot

oi)enini»'. Aiijj;nst 27th. . ,r 1 • tt n

^'The Exhibit was located on the north side of Machinery Hall on a
CO ft. X 28 ft. lloor space, between the exhibit of the Pittsburgh
lJei)artment of Public Works and Heckler's Stove Exhibit.

^'Our locath)!! was disadvantageous, lirst, because the Pittslmrgh
Department of Public Works exhildl was almost entirely enclosed
by a wall 10 ft. high, and, being ne;nei- to the Hall entrance, hid
our exhibit from the view ot those entering. Secondly, most of the
lieople entering walked onlv in the center aisle. Third, many people
came to the Exposition inim ipally to hear the music and never
entered the hall in which our exhibit was located. Fourth, the roof
was in bad condition and ou rainy days the water came through. On
several occasions is was necessaiy to close the exhibit until damage

could be rei)aired. . .. , , /;

"It is suggest<Ml that ihoiough ])rotecliou from damage by nre
and water and absolute saletv of all articles disidayed, be guaranteed
by those desiring the exhibit in the future. It is further suggested
tiiat in the event of a future ie(|uest by the lOxposition Society of
Western l^ennsylvania lor a DejKirtment exhibit, it be sent only on
condition that iloor space in the main hall be granted.

"The Exposition was open to th.e puldic frcuu 10 A. M. to 10.:*,0 P. M.

every day except Sunday. .^ ^

"The exhibit was attractive to most of the people who saw it, and
there is no doubt that its installation was well worth while. It
was freipiently visited by those interested in educati(uial work, who
asked cpiestiims concerning the work of the Department, and means
of securing material such as lantern slides, s]>ecimens of wood, leaves,
seeds, etc.? foi' educational purposes. Thousands of grade, high, and
nornml school ]Mipils frcHu the city ami county were am]>1y supplied
with literature, and were very much interested in the exhibit. P»esides
these, there were farmers aiid other ]MH>ple interested in shade trees
who asked sjU'cilic (piestions concerning tiee diseases, planting, desir-
ability of various s])ecies of trees for shade and other purposes.
Tlie P»ov Scouts were interested in coiisei-vat ion in geneial, and in
nature studies, and asked for literature for their (piarters.

"The Assistant (Mty I'orester of Pittsbuigh, the P.orough Forester
of Sewickley, and several other foi-esters doing juivate work, fre-
<piently visited the exhibit and were* keeidy intei-ested in the work
and c(')mplinuMjtary in their comments.

X

y.

'i-

INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

I

o

^
»

d

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY,

171

'^Many people visited the exhibit who seemed simply curious or
did not ask questions because they did not feel that they could ask
intelligent ones. The exhibit did not appear to make the desired
impression upon these people, either because of lack of interest on
their part or insufficiency of the exhibit, or both.

''Following is a discussion in detail and suggestions for the im-
provement of the exhibit. Each object or group of objects will be
discussed as to its attractiveness, and suggestions made for better-
ment. This will be followed by several general suggestions which
past experience seems to advise or indicate, the object being to
increase the efficiency and decrease the cost of transportation and
handling of material.

"TnsecU. Four cases of injurious and beneficial insects were
loaned by the Zoological Division of the Pennsylvania Department of
Agriculture. They attracted as much, if not more, attention than
anything else here. They were, however, looked upon not as a number
of different types of beneficial or injurious insects, as was their pur-
pose, but as a collection of 'bugs' of varied color and size. The
remark 'funny bugs with pins stuck in them' was frequently heard.
It was evident that the collection had failed, to a great extent, in
its object. Lack of proper arrangement and insufficient labels and
description cards are probably the cause of the failure. It is
suggested that a number of the most important insects, injurious
and beneficial to shade and forest trees, be placed in Riker mounts.
They should be placed in such a way that the life history of each
insect will be shown, together with the work of the insect. Labels
should be carefullv placed giving, briefly, the economic importance,
and if injurious, the best remedy, the time to apply the remedy, or
any other data of importance.

''Fungi, The exhibit of fungus specimens was insufficient in that
only the fruiting bodies and not the diseases caused by the fungi
were shown. If the fruiting body together with the diseased part
of the tree, properly and conspicuously labeled, giving importance
and extent of disease, preventives, remedies, etc., were shown, the
object of the display would be self-explanatory, and the desired
results would be attained. Then too, specimens of treated timber
might be added explaining methods and preservatives used. Two
posts, one treated and one untreated, which have been in the ground
for the same length of time, and similarly two sections of railroad
ties, should prove an addition of worth.

''hoq^ The twentv eight logs were very attractive, but on account
of their size and weight it is suggested that a number of comparatively
small pieces showing cuts and bark be prepared as shown in Plan 1.
This would answer the purpose and cut down the expense of trans-
portation and handling. Permanent labels should be placed with
each species. The specimens may be grouped into 'Commercial Woods
of Pennsylvania' giving principal uses, 'Weed Trees of Pennsylvania,

etc.

''Lcai Mounts. The leaf mounts made by Mrs. Boyd Rothrock
are a verv valuable part of the exhibit. They attracted considerable
attention*^ and many inquiries as to the means of obtaining similar
exhibits for educational purposes, wore made. Tlie frailness of the
Riker mounts in which the leaves were exhibited is a disadvantage.

;l

it

■y.

CI

y.

No. 26,

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

171

^'MaiiY poople visi((Ml the exlii])il wlio sooniod simply curious or
did uot'nsk (juestious bmiuse lliey did not I'eel tluit tliey could ask
intelligent ones. The exliihit did not ai>penr to make the desired
im[)ression ui)on tliese i)eo|)le, either because of lack ol' interest on
their part or insulficiency of tlie exliihit, or both.

^'Followinj*- is a discussion in detail and suj>:j,^estions for the im-
provement of the exhibit. Each object or oroup of objects Avill be
discussed as to its attractiveness, and su<;-Kestions made for better-
ment. This will be followed by several oeneral sug^^estions which
]>ast experience seems to advise or indicate, the object beinjjj to
increase^ tin' eiriciency and d(M'rease the cost of transportation and
handling- of material.

''rnsrcts. Four cases of injniicMis and beneticial insects were
loaned bv the Zoolo<»ical Division ol* the IVMinsylvania Department of
A^ricultuie. Thev attiactetl as much, il' not moie, attention than
ainthin^- else here.' They wen', however, looked upon not as a nund)er
of'dilVeivnt tvi»es of IxMielicial Or injurious insects, as was their ]mr-
pose, but as a collection of 'bu^s' of varied color and size. The
i-emark 'funnv bujjs with ])ins stuck in them' was frequently heard.
Tt was evident Ihat the collection had failed, to a jxreat extent, m
its object. Lack of ])roi)er airan^iremcnt and insul'licieiit labels and
descriplion cards are ])r()bably the cause of the faiiure. It is
suuijested that a nuniber of the most important insects, injurious
anTfbeneticial to shade and forest trees, be i>laced in Hiker mounts.
They should be ]»laced in such a way that the life history of each
insect will be shown, toii-ether with the work of the insect. Labels
should be carefullv placed -ivin-', brielly, the ecoiuunic importance,
and if injurious, the bf^st remedy, the time to a])ply the remedy, or
any other data of impoitance.

'TifUf/i. The exhibil of tnuiius specimens was insufTicient in that
only the fruit ini;- bodies and not the diseases caused by the funj?i
Avere shown. If the fruit inj,- body to«j:ether with Ihe diseased part
of the tree, ]no])erlv and cons]ncnously labeled, f?ivin<r importance
and extent of disease, ]n-eventives, remedies, etc., were shown, the
obiect of the display wonld be self-ex]>lanatory, and the desired
results would be attaiiuul. Then too, specimens of treated timber
min-ht be added explainin^^ methods and ]»reserva lives used. Two
posts, one treated and one untreated, which have been in the frround
for the same len-th of time, and similarly two sections of railroad
ties, should prove an addition of worth.

''Lnqs The twenty eiuht lo^^s were very attractive, but on account
of their size and weij::ht it is suujjjested that a number of com]Kiratively
small pieces showin^• cuts and bark be ]n'epared as shown in Plan 1.
This would answer the ]mrpose and cut down the expense of trans-
portation and handlin- Permanent labels should be idaced with
Kich si)ecies. The specimens may be j-rouped into 'Commercial Woods
of Pennsylvania' giving principal uses, 'Weed Trees of Pennsylvania,

etc

''Leaf Vtnints. The leaf mounts made by Mrs. P.oyd Kothrock
nre a very valuable ]»nrt of the exhibit. They mI traded considerable
attention' and many incpiiries as to the nutans of obtaining similar
exhibits for educational pur]»oses. were mmle. The frailness of tlie
Kiker mounts in which the leaves were exhibited is a disadvantage.

INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

f

^

172

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

Either the present ones would be reinforced or more substantial
ones be obtained.

^'Photograph Cases. The photographs, which proved very attrac-
tive and interesting, should be so labeled as to make them self-ex-
planatory, and if arranged in series showing nurseries, seedlings,
planting operations, young and mature forests, means of protection,
lumbering operations, etc., they would tell complete stories and
would be much more efficient as an exhibit.

^'Lantern Slides. As in the case of the photographs, the lantern
slides should be arranged in series and properly labeled. On account
of their unusual attractiveness, this part of the exhibit should be
enlarged, adding a number of large transparencies.

'^ Erosion Model. (See Plates 3 and 4).

The erosion model made by Prof. G. N. C Henschen, attracted a
great deal of attention while it was in working order, but on account
of its leaky condition, it is suggested that a copper lined model
(4 ft. X 4 ft.) be made showing only the two hills and a dam where
the clear water from the 'forest covered' hill will accumulate. A
fine spray should also be obtained.

'^ Instruments. The display of instruments should be enlarged
adding tools and instruments used in nursery work, planting, felling,
surveying, mensuration, and protection. These should be placed in
permanent cases which should be locked. The words Tennsylvania
Department of Forestry' should be stamped or engraved on the
instruments. This last suggestion is prompted by the unfortunate
loss by theft of an aneroid barometer, an Abney's level, and a
Klausner's hypsometer.

^'Diagrams. Curves and charts showing rate of growth, etc., should
be of a permanent nature. This could be accomplished by placing
them in frames covered with glass. They should be adequately labeled
and arranged so that they will be most easily understood.

^'Nursery Beds. Two nursery beds containing live seedlings, one
12 X 4 feet, the other 24 x 4 feet, were exhibited. Each was 8 inches
deep, and the seedlings were planted in rows running parallel to
the ends of each bed and spaced 4 to 8 inches apart, appearance
being the chief consideration in the matter of spacing the rows.

"This exhibit was a failure in that the seedlings shed their leaves
shortly after the beds were installed, and the bare seedlings made a
poor appearance. Autumn is thus a poor time to exhibit live seed-
lings. Instead of the nursery beds, it is suggested that there be a
number of series or sets of lantern slides or photographs of seedlings,
each series showing the size and appearance of a certain species at
various ages. This will cut down expenses, save time, and prove
as effective or more so than nursery beds, especially in fall exhibits.
Live seedlings should be used for exhibits in the spring only.

''Birds. The collection of birds loaned by the State Museum was
not exhibited because of danger of being damaged or stolen. The
birds are, however, an important part of the exhibit on account of
their economic value. Besides a name card for each bird, there should
be added diagrams showing the kinds and amounts of different foods
eaten by birds, and signs telling why and how birds are of economic
importance.

No 3. — Erosion Model

No. 4. — View Showing r.ot'atiou of Erosion Model.

172

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

Either the j)reseiit ones would ])e reinforced or more substantial
ones be obtained.

^'PhoUxjraph Cases. The photo<;iai)lis, which jiioved very attrac-
tive and interesting, sliould be so labeled as to make them self.ex-
idanatory, and if arran^iijed in s(»ries showinijj nurseries, seedlings,
jdanting oj)erations, young and mature i'oiesls, means of protection,
lumbering oi)erations, etc., they Avould tell complete stories and
would be much more efficient as an exhibit.

^^Lantern f^lidcs. As in the case of the j>hotographs, the lantern
slides should be arranged in series and proi)erly labeled. On account
of their unusual attractiveness, this ])art of the exhibit should be
enlarged, adding a nund)er of large transi»aiencie.s.

''Erosion Model. (See Plates 3 and 4).

The erosion model mad(» bv Prof. (i. N. (\ Ifenschen, attracted a
great deal of attention Avhile it was in working order, but on account
of its leaky condition, it is suggested that a co])per lined model
(4 ft. X 4 ft.) be made showing only the two hills and a dam where
the clear water from the 'foiest covered' hill will accumulate. A
line si)ray should also be obtained.

''Instruineiits. The dis])lay of instruments should be enlarged
adding tools and instruments used in nuisery work, ]»lanting, felling,
surveying, mensuiation, and jnotection. These should be j;laced in
permanent cases which should be locked. The words ^Pennsylvania
Department of Forestry' should be stamped or engraved on the
instruments. This last sugg(»siion is ])rompted by the unfortunate
loss by theft of an aneroid barometer, an Abney's level, and a
Klausner's hyj)someter.

''Diaijrmns. Curves and charts showing ra te of growth, etc., should
be of a permanent nature. This could be accomjdished by jdacing
them in frames covered with glass. They should be ade(|uately labeled
and ai'ranged so that they v/ill be most easily understood.

''Ntirserij Beds. Two nuisery beds containing live seedlings, one
12 X 4 feet, the other 24 x 4 feet, wei-e exhibiied. Kach was 8 inches
deej), and the seedlings were j)lanted in rows running ]>aiallel to
the ends of each bed and s])aced 4 to 8 inches apart, appearance
being the chief consi<leration in the matter of spacing th(» rows.

''This exhibit was a failur*' in that the see<llings shed their leaves
shortly after the beds were installed, and the hare seedlings made a
l)Oor ai)])earance. Autumn is thus a ]K)or time to exhibit live seed-
lings. Instead of the nursery beds, it is suggested that there be a
number of series or sets of lantern slides or jihotographs of seedlings,
each series showing the size and appearance of a certain species at
various ages. This will cut down ex]>enses, save time, and i)rove
as effective or more so than nursery beds, especially in fall exhibits.
Live seedlings should be used for exhibits in the spring only.

''Birds. The collection of birds loaned by the State ^ruseum was
not exhibited because of danger of being damaged oi- stolen. The
birds are, however, an important ])art of the exhibit on account of
their economic value. Besides a name card for each bird, there should
be added diagrams showing the kinds .md amounts of dilVerent foods
eaten by birds, and signs telling why and how birds are of economic
impoi'tance.

No .">. — lOrosiuii .Mo<l«'l .

No. 4. — Viow Shuwini: l.ocition of I'.rosion .Mod«»l

INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

TOP ^'/SiV 0/>£/^

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Pi/f/v ro/? SC£D-J/J^ T/?BL£: /?/^o P^CA/^C c/pj/:.

Pla/^ h

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

173

"Birds are displayed to best advantage when arranged on and
around a few trees, pine trees preferably, as at the exhibition in
Philadelphia at Horticultural Hall, May, 1913. It is, of course,
evident that a display of those birds ^ hich feed especially on insects
injurious to shade and forest trees, is most desirable.

^^ Seeds. The 103 jars of seeds from as many species of Pennsyl-
vania trees, attracted much attention and drew forth such questions
as ^How are tree seeds obtained?' 'How are they planted?' ^Where

obtainable?' etc.

"For convenience and economy in shipping and setting up, it is
suggested that the jars of seeds be packed in a nest of boxes (See
Plan II) which boxes might be used as a stand on which to display
the seeds. A permanent cloth or canvas cover which can be removed,
should be made for the table when set up.

''Signs. This part of the exhibit is of great value, but some of
the present signs should be revised and new ones should be made to
fit the sides of tables used for seed jars, photograph cases, etc.

''Literature. The distribution of literature is one of the most
important phases of educational work. The following literature was
distributed :

Department Reports, 1907, 1908 09, 1910-11.

Map of State Forests and statistics (Dept. circular).

Auxiliary Forest Reserve Bill (Dept. circular).

Penna. Forest Fire Facts and reproduction of Forest Fire Sign
(Dept. circular).

Information concerning the State Forest Academy (Dept. cir-
cular).

Game Protection. (Bulletin No. 1 Penna. Game Commission).

Wild Bird Protection. (Bulletin No. 2 Penna. Game Commis-
sion).

Report on Penna. Chestnut Blight Conference, Feb. 20, 1912.

The Chestnut Blight. (Bulletin No. 1 Chestnut Blight Com-
mission).

Treatment of Ornamental Chestnut Trees Affected with Blight
Disease. (Bulletin No. 2 Chestnut Blight Commission).

The Svmptoms of Chestnut Tree Blight and a Brief Description
of the Blight Disease, by F. D. Heald, Pathologist. (Chest-
nut Blight Commission).

Report of Chestnut Tree Blight Commission, July 1 to Decem-
ber 30, 1912.

State Forest Academy, 10th Anniversary, 1903-13 (Dept.
Report).

"An attempt should be made to supply such literature as will
appeal to the tvpe of people who visit the exhibit.

"The exhibit 'closed Saturday night, October 18, 1913. The work
of packing up and preparing the exhibit for return shipping occupied
one full day, and on Monday evening, October 20th, the material was
on its way back to Harrisburg.

"General Remarks. From the fact that the educational phase of
the forestry movement is of primary importance, it is altogether
fitting that work along this line be as efficient and extensive as
possible. The suggestions in this report, prompted by past experience,

1 ( ,

I W:

^'

174

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

are made with the hope of developing? efficiency and cutting down the
expense of transportation and handling material. Had the exhibit
been more etlicient, a saving of about 50 per cent, on the cost could
have been made in this instance alone.

^^Before installing the exhibit, a plan of the floor space showing
lights, windows, entrances, etc., should be obtained. A plan should
be made before the work of setting up is begun, placing each article
or group of articles in places most advantageous for their exhibition.
This should be done in the office before the exhibit is shipped.

"If it is possible to obtain a general idea of the type of people who
will visit a proposed exhibit, it seems advisable to arrange such an
exhibit as will appeal to that type. It does not seem practical, if
best results are to be obtained, to send the same exhibit to an in-
dustrial or mining community as is sent to a farming district.

"It is suggested that an appropriate exhibit be arranged and sent
to county fairs, farmers' meetings, etc. It is not necessary to send
articles which would be damaged by exposure in a tent, and if the
exhibit were arranged so as to encourage the development of Auxili-
ary Forest Reserves or a kindred phase of the work, it seems that such
an exhibit would be well worth while. In exhibiting in an industrial
community, the work of wood preservation, economic utilization, and
general conservation should be brought out.

"A guide book containing descriptions of all articles together
with general information, and receptacles for distribution of litera-
ture marked 'Take One' and 'For Specific Information write to
Department of Forestry, Harrisburg, Pa.' would eliminate the neces-
sity of having some one constantly in charge.

"It is suggested that a model reserve be built in relief showing

Forest types common in Pennsylvania

Boundaries of forests, compartments, etc.

Nursery

Plantations

Fire towers

Telephone lines

Roads, trails, railroads, and fire breaks

Burned over areas

Cut over areas

Saw mills

Villages, etc.

"The relief map of the State which attracted so much attention
in Philadelphia in May, was not sent to Pittsburgh. Because of its
value it shonld be included in future exhibits if possible."

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

175

PYMATUNING SWAMP SURVEY.

In the early part of 1912 a request was made by the Water Supply
Commission for more detailed information respecting the woody
grow^th to be found in the region embraced within the Pymatuning
Swamp project. Since the swamp is not accessible in ordinary
weather, it was necessary to make this survey during the frozen
period when persons might walk over the surface of the sloughs
and bogs. Accordingly, the Department, wishing to accede to the
above request, detailed two of its foresters, Messrs. H. E. Bryner and
John L. MacAvoy, to make this study. They spent upwards of
eleven days in the region doing this work, and their report thereon
is as follows :

"New Germantown, Pa., March 18th, 1912.
"Mr. R. S. Conklin,
Harrisburg, Pa.

"Dear Sir: Attached hereto are sheets containing reports on
Valuation Survey of the Pymatuning Swamp lying along the
Shenango Creek in Crawford county, Pennsylvania.

"Any inaccuracies found in this report may be ascribed to the
circumstances attending the survey, which will be found summar-
ized herein.

"In calculating stumpage, figures were based on proximity of areas
to Linesville, Pennsylvania, or to Padanaram, Ohio, as the persons
who are now logging the swampy areas are hauling the legs to one
or the other of the above places.

"This survey, as nearly as was practicable, was made in accordance
with the instructions of Mr. Haslam, field engineer in charge of the
survey for the proposed dam.

"Hoping this meets with your entire a])proval, we beg to remain,

j Yours most respectfully,

(Signed) H. E. Bryner,
(Signed) J. L. MacAvoy,
Foresters."

Circumstances Attending Valuation Survey of Pymatuning Swamp
Which Will Tend to Promote Inaccuracy.

The only valuable timber on the swampy areas is in process of being
logged out.

12

V 1.0 'y:i\n:i,^

176

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

No previous survey having been made, no exact area lines could be

mapped out.

In nearly all cases, the timberland graded so easily into brush,
that no well-marked line separates the different classes.

The immense quantity of dead and down timber and the short
time during which the swamp remained passable, prevented a rigid

strip survey.

Two feet of snow being on the ground, the down timber could be
estimated only in part, and the cost of timber clearing is obtained
with difficulty, because logging is almost impossible except for a
very short time. It is only during an exceedingly cold and pro-
tracted winter, such as the present one, that horses may enter the
lower sections of the swampy area.

This survey was made barely in time, as on the last two days of
work, it was no uncommon occurrence for one to sink through the
slushy snow and at least a foot into the mud.

In figuring costs in the following report, all non-merchantable
material was classed as waste to be burned. On account of abund-
ance of soft coal, cord wood finds little or no market.

Plot No. 1.

Plot is located on the southeastern end of the swamp just north
of Hartstown and lies between the curved and the straight line of
the Bessemer Railroad.

The forest floor is covered with a large amount of dead and down
timber of no value, which will cause heavy expense for removal.

The undergrowth is thick and is composed of alder and sumac,
while a belt of mixed brush and trees encircles the plot.

The area contains per average acre the following volumes by species
with their respective stumpage values:

Species.

Elm

Whltp pine.
TTemlork,
Red maple.
Black ash,

Board
Feet.

Stumpage
Peril.

860

290

120

90

4.000

5,360

$10 00

12 00

10 00

4 00

7 00

Value.

$8 60

3 48

1 20

36

28 00

141 64

The cost of clearing an average acre after the merchantable timber
has been logged off will approximate flG.OO.

Subtracting the latter from the former in the above indicates a
balance of $25.64 profit per acre remaining.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

177

Plot No. 2.

Plot is located on the east side of the Shenango Creek between the
road from Conneaut Lake to Espyville and the road from Shermans-
ville southwest across the Shenango swamp.

The ground is covered with a dense mass of down timber of no
value.

The undergrowth is- thin and is composed of alder, sumac, birch,
and maple. A heavy growth of brush fades into forest with no good
line of demarcation.

']'.

The area contains per average acre the following:

Species.

White pine,
Black asb.
Hemlock,

Maple,

Birch

Elm

Board

Stumpage
PerM.

Feet.

400

$12 00

1.100

700

200

10 00

280

4 00

170

400

40

10 GO

2,190

Value.

14 80

7 70

200

1 12

68

40

116 70

The cost of clearing an average acre after the merchantable timber
has been logged off will approximate $14.50.

The above figures show that the area will have a balance of J2.20
profit per acre.

Plot No. 3.

Plot is located on the western side of the Shenango Creek between
the straight line of the Bessemer Railroad and the road from Sher-
mansville running southwest across the Shenango Swamp.

The forest floor has a small amount of down timber of no value and
the undergrowth is thin and is composed of alder and sumac.

Brush covers about one- third of this area.

The plot contains per average acre the following:

Species.

Tamarack, . . .
White pine, .
Black ash, ..

Hemlock,

Beech

Yellow poplar,

Board

Stumpage
PerM.

Feet.

1,280

17 00

920

12 00

130

7 00

90

10 00

2eo

4 00

30

10 OO

2,710

Value.

18 96

11 04

91

90

1 (M

30

123 15

12—26—1915

178

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc

The cost of clearing an average acre after the merchantable timber
has been logged off will approximate ^14.00.

The above figures indicate a balance of |9.15 profit per acre.

Plot No. 4.

Plot is located on northeast side of Shenango Creek and lies
between the road from KShermansville running southwest across the
swamp and the Erie and Pittsburgh Railroad.

The stand is mainly tamarack (larch), although black ash is

strong in certain sections.

The undergrowth is thick and is made up of hazel, sumac, and
alder. The edges of the area are very brushy and grade into the
woods so slowly that no line could very well be drawn between the
two kinds of land.

The average acre on this area contains:

Species.

Board
Feet.

Stumpage
PerM.

Value.

2,150
620
180

$8 50

8 50

13 50

$18 28

5 27

W hite nine *

243

2,950

$25 98

The cost of clearing an average acre after the merchantable timber
has been logged off will approximate $12.00.

Figures above show a balance of $13.08 profit per acre.

Plot No. 5.

The i)lot is located on the southwest side of the Slienango Creek
and lies between the Erie and Pittsburgh Railroad and the road from
Shermansville running southwest across the swamp.

The stand is very open and the tops are bushy, with but a small
amount of undergrowth.

The trees in many cases stand bunched like a coppice formation.
A large part or the merchantable timber has already been cut.

The area contains per average acre the following:

Species.

Board
Feet.

Stumpage
PerM.

Value.

Maple

2.000

1,000

480

$5 OO

800

11 00

$10 00
8 00
6 28
490

Blaok ash

Elm

Beecii , -

9S0

4.460

$28 18

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OlT I'ORESTRY

IW

The cost of clearing an average acre of this area after the merchant-
able timber has been logged off* will approximate |G.OO.

The above figures indicate for this area a balance of $22.18 profit
per acre.

Plot No. 6.

Plot is located on the northeastern side of the Shenango Creek and
lies between the Erie and Pittsburgh Railroad and the road to
Whaley Island.

Stand is thin and occurs only in small spots, about eighty-five
per centum of the area being dense brush only.

This area per average acre contains:

Species.

Beech

Hemlock,

Birch

White piue,

Board
Feet.

Stumpage
PerM.

Value.

690

310

20

100

$5 50

11 50

550

13 50

$3 79

856

11

1 35

1,120

$8 81

The cost of clearing an average acre of this area after the merchant-
able timber has been logged off will approximate $8.00.

The figures in above calculation indicate for this plot a balance
of $0.81 profit per acre.

Plot No. Ga.

Plot is located on the northeastern side of the Shenango Creek
and lies between the road to Whale}^ Island and the Padden Creek.

The stand is very close in some parts and open in others and one
part of the area is standing with dead, fire-killed tamarack which
is in fair condition and might be used for mine timbers.

The undergrowth is alder, sumac, and huckleberry and is rather
dense in the burnt portions.

An average acre on this area contains:

Species.

Board
Feet.

Stumpnge
PerM.

Value.

Tamarack

1.900
680
100
200

$7 50

450

10 50

12 50

$14 26
806
1 06
250

Maple \

Hemlock .'..'...'..'.'.. ."'.'.'

Pine.

2.880

$20 86

180

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

The cost of clearing an average acre on this area after the merchant-
able timber has been logged off will approximate $14.00.

From the above figures it will be seen that this area will show a
profit of $6.86 per acre.

Plot No. 7.

Plot is located to the southwestern side of the Shenango Creek
and lies between the Erie and Pittsburgh Railroad and the treeless
flat about a quarter of a mile wide which is in line with the dotted
road extending on the field map northward from a road paralleling
the Shenango about one mile south of the creek and about a mile
and one-half northeast of Espyville (town).

The undergrowth in this area is scant and is mostly alder.

The stand has been rather well lumbered over and can be worked
almost any time except during the spring and autumn seasons.

An average acre on this area contains:

SiKJcles.

Maple, ...

Elm

Black ash,

Board
Feet.

Stumpage
PerM.

300

1,280

80

$4 00

10 00

7 00

1.660

Value.

11 20

12 80
56

$14 56

The cost of clearing an average acre on this area after the merchant-
able timber has been logged otl* will approximate |9.00.
The above figures show a profit of |5.56 per acre.

Plot No. 8.

Plot is located on the southwestern side of the Shenango Creek
and lies between the treeless flat which forms plot No. 7's western end
and road on which Pollock's bridge is situate.

Forest floor has slight amount of useless down timber and has thin
undergrowth of ash and alder.

This area contains per average acre:

Species.

Ash, .
Maple,
Elm.
Beech,

Board
Feet.

Stumpage
PerM.

Value.

2.360

1.570

1,000

140

17 00
4 00

10 00
400

$16 52

6 28

10 00

66

5, 070

$33 3d

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

181

The cost of clearing an average acre after merchantable timber
has been logged off will approximate $9.00. Profit $24.36 per acre.

Plot No. 8a.

This plot and plots 8b and 8c are located north of the Linesville
to Padanaram road between the third and second roads west of
Linesville which run north and south. Plot 8a is farthest west,
plot 8b is farthest north, and plot 8c is farthest east of the plots.

Plot 8a per average acre contains:

Species.

Maple.
Black ash,
Elm

Board
Feet.

Stumpage
PerM.

1.060

2,250

770

15 00

800

11 00

4,080

Value.

$5 30

18 00

8 47

$31 77

Plot 8b per average acre contains:

Species.

Pine, ..
Hemlock,
Elm, ...
Maple, .

Board
Feet.

Stumpage
PerM.

100
64
30

140

113 00

1100

11 00

500

384

V^alue.

II 30
70
83
70

$8 08

Plot 8c per average acre contains:

Species.

White pine,
Black ash.

Maple,

Elm

Board
Feet.

Sturapage
Per AI.

30
264
185

20

$13 00

8 00

6 00

11 OO

4d9

Value.

$0 39

2 11

92

22

$3 64

Clearing of the above sub-plots after logging will approximate an
expense, as follows: Plot 8a, $8.00; plots 8b and 8c, $7.00 per acre.
Plot 8a shows a profit of $23.77 an acre; 8b, $3.97 loss an acre; 8c,
$3.36 loss an acre.

182

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

Plot No. 9.

Plot comprises all swamp land (woods) lying north and west
of Clark's on Linesville to Padanaram road. Bounded on the west by
north and south road parallel to and about one-quarter mile east of
the Ohio line. The northern limits are about two miles north of
Clark's. The plot is badly cut up and the woods are scattered with
manv areas of brush extending through the main body.

This area contains per average acre the following:

Species.

WLite pine.
Hemlock. ..
Black ash.

Elm

Maple

Board
Feet.

Stnmpage
PerM.

86

GO

1.100

290

500

112 OO

10 00

700

10 00

400

1,986

Value.

$0 48
60

7 70
2 90
200

$18 63

This area will approximate 112.00 for clearing after logging. Above
figures indicate a profit of |1.63 per acre.

Plot No. 9a.

This sub plot is contained in the small rectangle beginning at
Clark's and running north and east, comprising about seventy acres.
It is not swamp land but lies on liigh ground.

The area contains per average acre:

Species.

Beech, .,
Hemlock,
Maple.
Elm. ...

Board
Feet.

Stnmpage
PerM.

8.100

240

1.400

1.000

6,740

14 00

10 00

4 00

10 00

Value.

112 40

240

5 60

10 00

$30 40

Cost of clearing this plot per acre after logging will approximate
f5.00.

The above figures indicate a profit per acre of $25.40.

Plot No. 10.

Plot is located between road upon which Manning bridge is situate
and road upon which Pollock bridge is situate, and extends north from
Manning bridge to a line drawn directly east from house occupied

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OP FORESTRY.

183

by Mr. Phelps on Manning bridge road. Plot 10a is burned area
directly north of Plot No. 10, and abuts on the Linesville road.

Plot No. 10 has medium heavy timber lying down but w^hich is
of no value. The undergrowth is dense in spots and the timber is
only fair. The plot contains per average acre:

Species.

Maple

Birch

White pine,

Board
Feet.

Stumpage
PerM.

8.800
350

800

$4 00

400

12 00

4.450

Value.

$13 20
1 40
9 60

$24 20

The cost of clearing an average acre on this plot after the merchant-
able timber has been logged off will approximate |10.00. The above
shows profit of 114.20 per acre.

Plot No. 10a has been severely burned over and only a few acres
of poor timber are left standing. This material will not bring in
any return. The plot as a whole will have an approximate cost for
clearing per acre of $10.00.

Plot No. 11.

This plot is located on both sides of the Ohio line and is bounded
on the south bv Sherry's lane and a line from end of said lane to
Manning bridge. It is bounded on the east by Manning bridge road,
on the west by Padanaram to Andover road, and on the north by the
Padanaram to Linesville road.

The undergrowth in this plot is rather dense and consists of alder
and aspen. The stand is mainly ash which is generally poor in
quality.

The stand per average acre will contain :

Species.

Tamarack.
Maple, —
niack ash,
Elm

Board
Feet.

Stumpage
PerM.

22

500

2.500

360

$8 00
500
800

1100

8,882

Value.

10 18
2 50

20 00
8 96

$26 64

The cost of clearing the average acre on this tract after the mer-
chantable timber has been logged off will approximate f 12.50. The
above figures indicate for this area a profit of |14.14 per acre.

184

RElPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

Plot No. 12.

This area extends from one-half to three-quarters of a mile on each
side of the Ohio line for a distance of about two miles directly south
from Sperry's lane. The southern limit of the plot lies in a growth
of aspen and is formed by the ending of the barb wire fence which
runs north along the state line at that point. This point is about
one-half mile north of mile stone No. 27 on the state line. Engineer
Ferris knows exact point.

The area is overflow land for the creek bed, and is either burned over
and containing nothing but stumps or else the trees are so bushy
as to be of no use except for fuel, and, as such, will be a drug on
the market in that neighborhood, for soft coal is commonly used and
cord wood finds little or no market.

South of plot 12 and between it and Plot 13 is a large area of
dense brush and aspen which will be a large expense for clearing.

The cost per average acre of clearing plot No. 12 will approximate
$7.50.

Plot No. 13.

Plot is located along state line and begins at a wire fence running
across state line about one-half mile below lower limit of plot 12.
Its southern limit is about one-eighth of a mile north of state line
milestone No. 28, and may be recognized easily by the distinct break
in the wood, which is about a quarter mile wide.

This area has been lumbered over in large part and lumbering
is still under process. The floor is clear of fallen timber and, except
in isolated areas, there is little or no undergrowth, although a nar-
row belt of brush fringes the area.

This plot i)er average acre contains:

Species.

Swamp white oak,

Elm

Black ash,

Maple

Beech

Board
Feet.

Stnmpajfe
PerM.

260
780
1,510
530
140

$13 00

12 00

900

fiOO

(iOO

8,220

Value.

$3 38
9 36

13 59

3 18

84

$30 35

The cost per acre of clearing this plot after the merchantable
timber has been logged off' will approximate |6.00.

The above figures show for this area a profit of $24.35 per acre.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

185

The land in No. 13 which lies on the Ohio side of the line is
covered with timber worth twice per acre that in Pennsylvania.

Plot No. 14.

This plot is located along the state line and extends north as
far as the branch of the creek which crosses state line about one
mile above the road passing west through Westford, Pa. It also
crosses the state line about two miles southwest of Westford. The
southern limit of the plot is the road mentioned above. This area
is in two sections, the southern one being circular in outline and
containing very few acres. The one north of it and larger, is a long
strip which lies directly along the state line. .

The forest floor is clear of down timber. The undergrowth is
scant as is the regeneration of the standing timber.

Per average acre, this tract contains:

Species.

Beech,

Black ash, •

Elm ,

Maple,

Swamp white oak,
Basswood

Board

StTimpajye

Feet.

PerM.

2,480

16 OO

690

900

1.270

12 00

950

6 00

260

13 00

450

12 OO

6,100

Value.

114 88
6 21
15 24
5 70
3 38
5 40

150 81

Cost of clearing an average acre of this tract after the merchant-
able timber has been logged otf will approximate fC.OO. The above
figures indicate a profit of |44.81 per acre.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT.

The period of this report, January 1, 1012 to December 31, 1913,
is not coincident with the appropriation fiscal years, consequently
there will be an overlapping of funds. The period from January 1,

1912 to June 1, 1913 was covered by the appropriation made at the
session of 1911, while the period from June 1, 1913 to December 31,

1913 is covered by appropriations made at the session of 1913.

18Q REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.

The appropriations made for this Department at the session of
1911 are as follows:

Salaries of officers and clerks specifically provided for

by statute, 117,000 00

For special examinations to encourage and develop for-
estry and for contingent expenses, 6,000 00

Traveling expenses. Members of the Commission, 3,500 00

Foresters' salaries and expenses, 110,000 00

Forest Rangers' salaries and expenses, 125,000 00

Surveys, 10'0«0 00

Draftsmen, Bookkeepers, Stenographers, and Messen-
gers, 12,00000

Labor, 100,00000

Maintenance, protection, care, planting, and develop-
ment of State Forests, 55,000 00

Title Examination, ^^^^^ ^^

Fixed Charges for Roads, 40,000 00

Fixed Charges for Schools, 40,000 00

Prevention and Extinction of Forest Fires, and Ex-
penses, 50,000 00

Purchase of Lands, 50,000 00

Forest Academy, 20,000 00

Rebuilding of the dam at Promised Land pond in Pike

county, 1.000 00

Deficiency for the prevention and extinction of forest

fires, and expenses, 29,000 00

Total, $673,500 00

The a]>i)ropriations made for the Department at the session of
1013, are as follows:

Salaries of officers and clerks specifically provided for

bv law, f 17,000 00

Contingent Expenses, 5,000 00

Traveling Expenses Members of the Commission, 5,000 00

Foresters' salaries and expenses, 110,000 00

Forest Rangers' salaries and expenses, 125,000 00

Draftsmen, Bookkeepers, Stenographers, and Messen-
gers, WfiOO 00

Surveys* * ". *. 10,000 00

Labor, 100,000 00

Title examination, 4,000 00

No. 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. 187

Maintenance, protection, care, planting, and improve-
ment of State Forests, and for the encouragement,

promotion, and development of forestry, 05,000 00

Fixed Charges for Roads, 40,000 00

Fixed Charges for Schools, 40,000,00

Purchase of Lands, 50,000 00

Prevention and Extinction of Forest Fires, and Expenses, 50,000 00

State Forest Academy, 20,000 00

Deficiency for Title Examination, 5,514 21

Deficiency for the prevention and extinction of forest

fires, and expenses, 2,798 43

Deficiency, • traveling and necessary expenses of Mem-
bers of the Commission, \ 126 30

Total, |GG4,438 94

From the above appropriations there were expended during the
two calendar years covered by this report, the following amounts:
Salaries of officers and clerks, specifically provided for

by law, 117,000 00

Foresters' salaries and expenses, 115,670 60

Forest Rangers' salaries and expenses, 119,155 18

Expenses Members of the Commission, 3,780 37

Title Examination, 8,742 36

Surveys, 2,448 73

Maintenance, protection, care, planting, and improve-
ment of State Forests, and for the encouragement,

promotion, and development of forestry, 62,101 58

Labor, 103,077 55

Forest Academy, 19,886 51

Special examinations and Contingent Expenses, 5,841 74

Draftsmen, Bookkeepers, Stenographers, and Mes-
sengers,, 12,220 00

Purchase of Lands, 94,279 56

Forest Fires, 30,506 02

Fixed Charges for Schools, 38,243 30

Fixed Charges for Roads, 38,690 18

Total, $671,643 68

It must be borne in mind that the period from January 1, 1914 to
June 1, 1915, a year and five months, is likewise provided for by the
above appropriations made at the session of 1913, but the expenditures
for said period may be included only in the next report after the
termination of the period ending June 1, 1915.

188

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

189

Receipts from the State Forests January 1, 1912 to December 31, 1913.

The State Forests during the period of this report yielded better
returns than formerly, because of the better development and addi-
tional tree growth thereon, averaging more than |1,000 per month.
A statement of the returns by forests during the above period is as
follows:

Forest.

Stone

Bald Eagle

Bedford

Seven Mountain,
Seven Mountain,
Black Forest, . .

Buchanan,

White Deer

South Mountain.

Stone

Cleartield

Seven Mountain,
Kettle Creeli, . . .
Seven Mountain,

Grays Hun

Sinnemahoning, ,
Seven Mountain.

Clearfield

Seven Mountain,
Kettle Creek. ..

Loyalsock,

South Mountain,
Sinnemaboning,
White Deer. . . .

McClure,

McElhattan

Minisink

Penny packer, ...
South Mountain,

Minisink

Seven Mountain.

Hopkins

Rothrock

Sinnemaboning,
Black Forest, . .

Hopkins

Stuart

Trough Creek, .
Black Forest. . .
Minisink

Amount.

Asaph,

Bear Meadows,

Barree.

Blackwells, . . .

Buffalo, . . .
Caledonia,
Chatham, .
Clearfield, .
Coburn, ...
Crossfork, .
Greenwood,

Hull

Jacks Mountain,

Karthaus

Kisbaco<iuilla.s, .
Leidy

Mont Alto,
Medix, ....
McCall, ...

Notch.

I'ine Grove,
Pocono, . . . .

Poe

Renovo, . . . .

Slate Run, .
Snow Shoe,

Waterville,
Westfall, .

Rush township. Centre county lands f unattached),
Oflace (damage refund by Adams Express Co.). ...
O. C. Gilbert (refund on bond).

Total

Total receipts from all sources from organization to December 31. 1913.

Amount.

$1,387 34

95 76

24 %

3 75

2.085 44

74 82

6 50

432 66

3,357 09

408 62

1,500 00

117 81

114 00

34 00

101 30

165 32

23 71

114 36

16 00

51 48

36 78
2.792 29

587 00
16 CO

137 00
43 47
58 43

137 98
15 00

907 65

19 32
3.525 52

37 00
4.861 28

773 18

500

1,279 80

20 00
39 00
18 00

243 12

500

500 00

126,161 74

176,158 67

In accordance with Section 2701 of the State School Code, P. L.
1911 p. 431, 80 per cent, of the net receipts and proceeds from the State
Forests shall be paid into a fund known as "The State School Fund
of Pennsylvania." With the development of the State Forests and
the great increase of revenue to be derived therefrom, it is fair to
assume that the State School Fund in the near future will be greatly
enlarged through the State Forest revenues. Why the Legislature
designated but 80 per cent, of the net revenues to be devoted as afore-
said is not known. It would be entirely satisfactory to this Depart-
ment, and we believe entirely proper, should the whole revenue of
State Forests be devoted to the purpose of the School Fund.

In accordance with the financial statement published in the report
of this Department for the years 1910-11, page 95, it is shown that all
expenditures to December 31, 1911, made for and on behalf of this De-
partment from Legislative appropriations, amount to |3,295,897 40
During the years 1912.13 covered by this report, all
expenditures for all purposes, as shown above,
amount to, ; . . 671,643 68

Total expenditure for all purposes from the beginning
of the work of the first Commission, June 1, 1893,
to December 31, 1913, a period of 20 years and 7
i"onths, 13,967,541 08

Average expenditure per year by the Department of
Forestry and its predecessors for all purposes, |192,786 25

Included in the above appropriations is the cost of the land, the
title examination, and the fixed charges which have been paid out
of the Department appropriations for the lands set aside for the
use of the Western Penitentiary in Centre county, and the Sanatorium
at Mont Alto in Franklin county, now in charge of the State Health
Department. Since these lands have been devoted to other uses than
forestry, it is fitting that the Department should be credited with
tlie expenditures for the above purposes made on account of these
particular tracts. A statement of the area, cost, fixed charges for
roads and schools, and an estimate of the cost of the title examination,
is as follows:

Lands in Centre county set aside for the use of the Western Peni-
tentiary:

»-

Area, 943 acres, 82.9 perches

Cost, j2,576 69

Fixed charges for road purposes 1905 to 1912

inclusive, 337 32

Title examination, 126 50

Land in Franklin county set aside for the use of the Sanatorium:

'^^ea, 5(59 acres

C^st, 11^963 05

Fixed charges, 204 84

Title examination, 76 82

Total for both tracts, J5,285 22

Deducting the amount so found from the total expenditures to
December 31, 1913, above shown, leaves a balance of $3,962,255.86,
^vllich is the full amount that should be charged against the Depart-
ment for all its operations to date.

IJ)0

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

m

STATE FOREST ADMINISTRATION

For the Years 1912 and 1913.

1. THE BALD EAGLE FOREST.

Forester, Edgar H. Smith, Elimsport.
Forest Rangers:

Susquehanna Division, Joseph Manley, Montgomery No. 2.

Nippenose Division, Stephen L. Mull, Elimsport.

The Bald Eagle Forest is situate in southern Lycoming county,
extending from the Susquehanna River five miles south of Williams
port, westward along the Bald Eagle mountain upon the north side
of White Deer Valley a distance of 18 miles. It has a southern
exposure and 90 per cent, of the area lies along this mountain. About
80 acres of abandoned fields and 1,000 acres of woodland lie in the

bottom of the valley.

For convenience in administration, two divisions have been erected,
the eastern or Susquehanna, and the western or Nippenose. The
forester and the two rangers constitute the present regular service
employes. Forester Smith was assigned to this station April 1, 1912.

The boundary survey is complete, having been finished in 1911.
Because of the general unsettled condition of boundary lines, a num-
ber of complaints were made by individuals that the survey had taken
in small portions of areas claimed by them. These were investigated
and disposed of satisfactorily by the forester with the exception of
two cases, wherein it was finally determined by the surveyor of the
Department that the areas actually belonged to the claimants, and
tlie exterior boundary lines accordingly reformed. The lines are
now posted and painted and 30 per cent, brushed out. Boundary
lines are cleared for fire lines. All line corners are prominently
built except two, one of which is below high water mark in the
Susquehanna River, and the other at a place to which stone must be
hauled for the building of the corner.

As a result of the survey the area of this reserve is computed at
about 17,000 acres. It contains no virgin forest. In places difficult
of access, a sparse growth of mature pitch and white pine remains.
This area not having been seriously burned, is regenerating itself
naturally in a satisfactory manner. Artificial planting must be
resorted to in many places to fill in gaps. Two thousand acres have

a density of 90 per cent. A stand of hardwoods with a density of
50 per cent., about 3,000 acres, is in need of improvement cutting.
The eastern division, near market, is being so improved. This problem
is more serious in the western division, which is distant from market.
Much of the natural regeneration is of desirable species. The im-
provement cutting is to stimulate this kind of growth and remove
inferior stock. About 12,000 acres of the forest contain a stand of
from only 10 per cent, ot 50 per cent., principally hardwoods with a
few pines,, and needs much artificial strengthening. The balance of
the area, about 500 acres, is brush and must be assisted with planting.
On this small area a severe buin occurred in 1910.

Water covers about 8 acres of this forest. Thirty-five acres are
devoted to roads and trails, and 35 acres to fire lines thus far com-
pleted. Open ground covers 48 acres.

Springs and Streams.

Eight good springs are found in this forest, all cleaned and ac-
cessible. Six flow continuously. They have as yet received no
definite names, the best known being commonly called the Watering
Trough, on the road leading from White Deer V^alley to Williamsport,
and is used by all teams traveling that road.

The White Deer Hole Creek is the only stream of any size in the
forest. It takes its rise just outside of the western boundary and
flows through the State Forest for a distance of tliree miles. Its flow
is regular, made possible by the well forested condition of the land
near its head, the woods here being almost normal in density. Nothing
in the drainage basin is likely to contaminate the stream. One
case of wilful contamination came to the notice of the forester,
and after due notice the person responsible for it very promptly
removed the objection.

Buildings and Repairs.

There are but two buildings in the forcvst, a cottage and a small
barn. Both are in need of repairs. Being in a remote portion of
the forest, they are useful and desirable as a base of operations
when work is being conducted in that region. There are no fences on
this land. The lines of the White Deer Valley Telephone Company
run through a portion of the forest, and to which the forester and
his rangers have access. It is desirable to build a few short spurs,
which will give better protection in case of fire. These may be con-
nected to the main line in several places.

13

192 REPORT OF THE Ofle. Doc.

Koads and Trails.

Til is State Forest is crossed north and south by 4 good roads. A
new fire road is to be constructed along the summit of the mountain
as nearly as possible, 12 miles of which have already been built. This
basic road is intersected by (he 4 public loads mentioned and form
dividing lines uj) and down the mountain. Intermediate fire lines
following the old warrant lines are being built and divide the forest
into working compartments. When this road system is completed
it should afford ample protection from fire and give easy means
of access to all parts of the forested area. Thirty-three miles of
roads and trails were repaired during 1913.

Easements and Leases.

Tlie Pennsylvania Kailroad owns a right of way through the ex-
treme eastern end of the forest, and it is from this that the principal
danger of fiie arises. The telephone company above mentioned car-
ries its lines thiough a portion of the forest.

A lease or contract is now outstanding with Henry S. Steline for
the removal of dead, down, and diseased chestnut cord wood. This
yields a small revenue and cleans up the reserve in much better con-
dition than it otherwise would be.

Seed Collection.

Fifteen busliels of black walnuts were collected by the forester and
rangers during the two years. They are to be planted in the small
forest nurseiy recently established. The quality of the seed was
good, having a germinating per cent, of about 90.

Forest Nursery.

On Ai)ril 22d, 1912, a small nursery was begun. The area cleared
amounts to about 300 square feet, and 2} pounds of seed were
planted. At the end of the growing season the following one-year old
seedlings Avere in hand:

Scotch pine, 15^000

White pine, 8,000

Red pine, 6,000

Norway spruce, g qoO

Douglas fir, lO^ooo

No. 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. 193

The cost of the seed and the work in the establishment of the
nursery was |54.56, or fl.lO ]]er thousand for the seedlings obtained.
This small nursery has good drainage, with nearby water from a
permanent stream, and the soil is rich, sandy loam. The only objec-
tion is its distance from forest headquarte: s, five miles; but this
will be overcome in the near future by better traveling facilities.
All nursery labor has been su];plied thus far by the forester and his
rangers. At the end of the 1913 season it contained the following
2-year old plants:

Scotch pine, 6,000

Norway spruce, 1,000

White pine, 8,500

Black walnut, 10

Douglas fir, 3,500

47,000

19,010
13,510 of the above will be available for planting in 1914.

Plantation.

A small plantation of black walnuts was made in May, 1912, the
seeds being planted three feet apart. The results were not satis-
factory, many of the nuts being removed by squirrels, while the germ-
ination of the remainder has laid over to the succeeding year.

Fires.

During 1912 there were no forest fires in the Bald Eagle Forest.
The forester and one of the rangers were called out to two small
fires on private land, and a tliird call proved to be a false alarm.
Two small fires occurred in 1913, doing little damage and covering
not more than half an acre each.

No observatory stations have yet been established in this forest,
although one may be used with good ett'ect on the point of Nippenose
mountain, from which a view over a large territory may be had.
At other points where observatories ordinarily would be useful,
fog and smoke during the fire season usually collect in such masses
that vision is interfered with. For this reason fire protection must
rely more upon telephone lines than observation towers.

Labor.

The rate for labor in this region was 16 cents per hour for a 10-
hour day in 1912. In 1913 it cost \1\ cents per hour. Teams may

13—26—1915

194

KEPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

be had at |4.50 per day with driver, or $2.50 per day without driver.
Labor, while good, is scarce, as most laboring men are hired by
the year and ai e employed among the farmers of the neighborhood.

Tmi)rovement Cutting.

An improvement cutting was begun in December, 11)12. Two others
were undertaken during 1913. The removal of the dead and down
chestnut is the principal object. Each of the forest rangers has
his own improvement woik laid out, to be worked at in odd moments.

Market.

Tliere is a market for the products of this forest when in the form
of railroad ties, telephone poles, heading, staves, lagging, hickory,
and chestnut cord wood. Ties are quoted at the following prices:

Red oak and black oak,
Beech, birch, raaple, ...
White oak and rock oak.
White chestnut

1st Glasa.

2d Cland.

Cts.

Cts.

fi6

38

48

32

7t

57

M

»

Culls.

Cts.

Telephones poles from {5.00 to $20.00.

Heading and staves, delivered, per thousand, fl.OO

Hickory, first class, stumpage, flO.OO

Chestnut cord wood, eastern division, per cord 30c

All transportation is by wagon to Montgomery or Allenwood, a
distance of from 3 to 12 miles. Hauling to Williamport is a distance
of from 6 to 20 miles.

A considerable area of cliestnut wood infected by the chestnut
bark disease is being cleaned up and it is hoped to sell this material
to a nearby stave mill. The price for chestnut wood is rising and
this diseased material may be disposed of at a profit. A caterpillar
has attacked the Scotch pine in large numbers.

Outing and Recreation.

During 1912, the Department issued 5 permits for 39 campers
within this forest. In 1913, 14 permits were issued to 57 persons.
The campers were law-abiding and orderly and appreciated the
courtesy tendered them.

No. 20.

DEPAKTMENT OF FORESTRY

195

During the 1912 hunting season 9 deer were shot either on or in
the neighborhood of the reserve. Wild game bird hunting was also
good. The streams afford good trout fishing and numerous persons
availed themselves of this form of recreation during the proper
season. In 1913, quantities of small game were taken. Three deer
and 4 bears were killed.

The camping sites in this forest are not numerous, the good ones
being only four in number, and are located at the Fourth Gap, the
Third Gap, the Hoffa place, and the Cove, all in the eastern division.
All camp sites will be numbered consecutively from 701 to 799 in-
clusive.

Lightning Report.

During the year 1913 the number of trees struck and shattered
is as follows:

i ji

July.

Aof.

Total.

Chestnut

1

2

1

t

Pitch nine

1

1

t

4

So far as could be ascertained, none of the trees struck was ignited
by the current.

2. THE BEDFORD COUNTY FOREST.

Forester, William L. Byers, Rainsburg.

Forest Rangers:

J. H. Sparks,^ Chaneysville. ^

John Ott,^ Rainsburg.

Coyle H. Tewell,^ Chaneysville.

E. H. Smith,* Rainsburg.

The Bedford County Forest not having received any other definite
name, is known by the name of the county in which it is located.

1. Died October 13, 1912.

2. Resijmed December 81, 1M2.

3. Regan Pebmary 1. 1918; resigned September SO, 1913.

4. Began March 1, 1»18.

196

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

It is situate in Southampton, Colerain, and Cumberland Valley town-
ships, and contains an area of 10,055 acres, a revision of the area
having lately been made by reason of the survey of the exterior
boundary, which is now complete except two lines of the Jane Ketter-
man tract and the recent small Hartsock purchase. That portion
of the area on Tussey mountain soutli of Martin hill is known as
the southern ranj;e or division, and the remainder as the northern
range or division. No men are regularly employed except the forester
and his rangers. The boundary lines have been carefully posted and
painted, but the blushing out of the lines still remains to be done.
There are four small interior tracts and two small exterior tracts
which should be added in order to straighten the boundary lines and
eliminate all interior holdings.

No virgin woods are found in this forest, the whole area having
been lumbered over in the past. 1,177 acres are now set with young
trees, which with protection will grow into valuable merchantable
timber. A tract of 7,873 acres is not sufficiently stocked to form a
profitable stand, and spot planting or seed sowing must be resorted
to to bring the stand up to full stock. At least 1,000 acres contain
no valua])le species and are covered with brush or other growth. A
small area of abandoned fields or old farms is sufficiently clear in
which systematic i)lanting of seedling trees may be made. The brush
on the non-productive area is valuable in that it shades the ground,
prevents erosion, and is constantly adding humus to the soil. If
systematic planting cannot be ])rofitably resorted to he e, small
spots must be cleared wherein quick-growing trees should be placed,
and these, when of seed-bearing age, will begin to crowd out the
scrub and re-seed the ground to valuable species.

S])rings and Streams.

A large number of springs is found in this forest. A few of theni
during seasons of extreme drought dry u]) completely, but the larger
flow the year round. All sorts of inappropriate, coarse, or absurd
names are sometimes applied to springs and streams. The endeavor
will be to re-name them with moie approj)riate names and give them
greater prominence as development proceeds. The water from 10
different springs flows into Cove Creek and then into the Raystown
Branch of the Juniata. Two of these are known to become dry
during seasons of drought, while the othevs are perennial. l?y reason
of lack of roads or good trails, four of them are at present inaccessible.
The named springs, marked with boards, are 12 in number.

The water from .-5 of the springs in this forest flows into lOmmett's
Creek, and two of them are perennial springs. One is inaccessible
for the reason above stated.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

197

, Fifteen springs send their waters into Town Creek, and four of the
number become dry during seasons of drought. All are accessible
except two. Eight springs flow into Flintstone Creek and two of
them are kn9wn to become dry during seasons of drought. Three
of them are inaccessible by reason of lack of roads.

The above 36 springs existing in this forest abundantly prove that
the land is well watered, and the fact that a number of them go dry
during seasons of drought is further proof that heavy planting should
take place around them as speedily as possible and be continued
outward for considerable areas.

By reason of the uninhabited character of the region and the fact
that the springs and streams above mentioned lie largely within the
State Forest, there is little danger of contamination. It is the
constant endeavor of the forest officers to prevent any local nuisance
which would result in contamination of these waters.

Buildings and Repairs.

A number of small buildings are located within this forest. A
ranger's lodge and stable are on the Her:ing tract, and two small
lumbermen's shanties remain on the Bennett tract. It is recom-
mended that the last name<l two be torn down and the lumber used to
build a tool house and langer's shelter in the southern division.
Slight repairs were made to the best of them during 1913.

The lines of the Bedfo:d and Fullcn Telephone Co. cross this
forest along the public road ficm Chr.neysville to Beans Cove. With
this line as a basis, a valuable and highly useful system could be
built up within this region.

Canister rock is found at seve:al places within the forest, but the
great length of haul to a railroad renders it unprofitable at the
present time.

Roads.

The road system as heretofore planned remains unchanged, and
has been reported upon ])reviously. The total length of roads opened
and repaired during 1012 is 24 miles. Total work during 1913
included 9.99 miles of road; 4.25 miles of trail; 14.84 miles of fire
lines; and 2 miles of boundary line.

Seeds and Plantations.

A small quantity of seed of various kinds has been collected and
])lanted in open areas within the forest. Three pounds of white pine
seed were furnished by the Department in 1912 and sown at proper

198

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

places. An experimental planting of black walnnt has been made
along the creek on the Herring tract, the seedlings having been fur-
nished by a citizen of the neighborhood, and an experimental planta-
tion is intended to be made on the Barren Oak lands in 1913, the
clearing for the jmrpose being now in progress; the object being to
learn what valuable species will grow most rai)idly on the barren
lands, and also to learn the cost of barren land planting. An experi-
mental planting of white pine, Norway spruce, and Scotch pine was
also made under the shade of large trees for the purpose of com-
parison with similar planting made in the open.

The following seedling trees were planted during the year 1912:

Norway spruce, 2-year, 1,170

Pinus ponderosa, 2-year, 2,000

White pine, 2-year, 20,317

Scotch pine, 2-year, 120

Hlack walnut, 1-year 15

Ked oak, l.year, 3,700

Hardy catalpa, 2-year, 40

27,362

The following planting was done during 1913:
White pine,

20,000

The following seedling trees have been planted to date at suitable
places on this area:

White pine, 108,282

Norway spruce 1,322

Scotch pine, 795

Yellow pine, 3,035

Hed oak, 5,700

Catalpa, 540

Balsam fir, 200

Larch, 700

Sugar maple, 1,500

White ash, 5,830

Walnut, 26

Balsam cuttings, 120

Carolina poplar cuttings, 80

128,130

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY,

199

The open areas in the forest have been planted. Two acres of
barren oak lands have b^n planted as an experiment, using white
pine trees three years old. The trees show a growth of 95 per cent.
Five acres have been planted with seed. The total planted area is
57.78 acres. .

Nursery.

A number of years ago Ranger J. H. Sparks started a small nursery
and succeeded- in growing a considerable number of seedling trees.
When the forester took charge the nursery was continued, but being
of small size it was never capable of producing seedlings in large
quantities. Owing to pressure of development work, the nursery
has been abandoned temporarily, but the intention is to resume
seed planting at a convenient time in the future. It is believed that
this nursery was the first that was undertaken by any of the forester
rangers, and Mr. Sparks enjoys the reputation of being the first to
begin what has now become a useful adjunct to nearly all ranging
work.

Labor.

Labor in this region is scarce and costs 15 cents per hour. Team
hire was 30 cents per hour in 1912. It is now 35 cents per hour. The
inaccessible location of a large part of the forest and the long haul
to market requires the employment of a minimum amount of labor.

Improvement Cutting.

Ijittle or no improvement cutting has been attempted in this forest
owing to^the distance from market. The product is unsalable. Im-
provement cutting is needed on a large part of the aiea, but for the
present must be disiegarded, and the effort of the forest officers
directed to other administrative and development work.

Markets.

There is no market within a reasonable distance except for lumber
and ties. Locust wood for pins is also being used, yielding |4.00«
per cord on the stump or |8.00 per cord at the mill. Material is
used down to live inches in diameter and is cut to 50-inch lengths.

200 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.

(irowth of Seedlings.

White pine seedlings growing naturally \itliin an old field have
been measuied. To show the growth made by plantations, an average
seedling was taken to determine its growth for eight years. It
sliows the following:

1st year giowth, 2 inches

2nd year growth, 3 inches

;}rd year growtli, 4 inches

4th year g: owtli, 12 inches

r)th year growth, 10 inches

0th year growth, 10 inches

7th year g« owth, 31 inches

8th year growth, 24 inches

Total giowth, 96 inches

Average giowth, 12 in dies per year.

It will be seen, theiefore, that the average soil in this forest is
productive and that seedling trees will grow at a rapid rate.

Fungous Disease.

The chestnut bark disease has been found sparingly near this
reserve, only two cases having been discoveied on private lands
adjacent to the Slate Forest up to the spiing of 1912. Both infections
were destroyed. In December, 1912, a small badly infected area
was found on pri.ate land at the edge of the State Forest, containing
over 400 infected stems. The ini'ection has been destroyed, the bark
removed from the stumjjs, and most of the infected material burned
over the stumps. Wbe.e logs were obtained from the trees, there
being no infection in tl.e log lengili, the bark was removed and
destroyed, the log being saved for future use. Continued oiftlook is
kept for any appearance of this disease. In 1913, three infected areas
were found. All infected tiees have been cut and burned.

Fires.

During the year 1912 but one forest fire occuired, starting on
piivate land and burning into the State Forest. Owing to the high
wind the fire traveled rai)idly and did little damage. The area of
i?tate land run over was about 900 acres. In 1913, four small fires
occurred on State land.

Two observatory trees have been fitted up, one on top of Martin hill
and the other on a high ridge to the south of Kainsburg. Most of
the forest area may be surveyed fi'om these lookout posts.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

901

Trespass.

One case of trespass was detected and satisfactory settlement
made.

Outing and Recreation.

A number of good camping sites are to be found, and at least 6
are now recognized as available for camping purposes. Few camping
parties visit this forest because of distance from the railroad and
difticulty of entrance. Streams within the forest are small and conse-
quently do not furnish much sport in the way of fishing. So far
as known, three deer, four turkeys, and a considerable quantity
of small game were taken within the forest during 1912. Much
small game was taken during 1913. All camp sites will be numbered
consecutively from 801 to 899 inclusive.

Lightning Report.

A record of the thunder storms during 1912 shows a total of 35,
occurring as follows:

April, ^

May, • 3

June, ^

July, v^J- 11

August, • • • • ^

September, ^>

Trees struck and shattered weie as follows:

Chestnut,
White oak.
Pitch pine.

June.

July.

Aug.

Sept.

1

f

1

1

f

1

1

]

3

2

8

ToUl.

1

1

In 1913, the trees struck and shattered during the year were 8,
as follows:

June, 3

July, 2

August, 1

September, 2

8

202 REPORT OF THE Oif. Doc.

Species were as follows:

Pitch pine, 4

Chestnut, 2

White oak, 2

8

H5 electric storms occurred during this year.

So far as known, no trees were ignited by the current.

3. THE BLACK FOREST.

Forester, Harry A. Thomson,* Slate Run.
Forester, Robert R. Neefe,'^ Slate Run.

Forest Rangers:

V. W. Raemore,'^ Slate Run.
C. D. Will,* Slate Run.

The division of the Rlack Forest over which Forester Thomson
had charge, (now Forester Neefe), is located in and around the old
pumping station in Brown township, Lycoming county, and comprises
portions of the State Forest lying in Clinton, Lycoming, and Potter
counties. The forest officers reside in buildings owned by the Depart-
ment and within easy reach of each other.

A portion of the boundary of this division has not yet been sur-
veyed, and until sucli survey may be made, has been located as
accurately as may be done under present conditions. Surveyed
lines are well brushed and marked.

This division contains two interior tracts, one of 105 acres owned by
the Black Forest Hunting Club, and the other the Dyer farm. Both
these tracts are advantageously located so as to afford additional
protection to State lands, and are occupied by persons who have
an interest in the work of the Department and in the protection
of the woods.

The area of the division is ai)proximately 30,000 acres and contains
no virgin forest, the whole area having been lumbered in years gone
by. It divides naturally into two blocks. Pine Creek and Young

1. RMlRned 8ept«'m;ber 30, 191S.

2. Appointed September 1. 19ia.

S. Tlfgnn March 15, 1912: resigned September 10, l»ll.
4. Becan September 1, 1912.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY,

203

Womans Creek. The lumbering was so closely done that there remain
no mature trees, and the present young stand at no place exceeds a
density of 50 per cent., showing that the best area is but one-half
stocked, while 4,000 acres have a density of but 30 per cent. The
young trees now coming on consist of yellow pine, chestnut, beech,
sugar maple, rock oak, and white oak, with a mixture of much brush.
As the trees reach a seed -bearing age they will rapidly reset the area
to a full stand, especially if slight assistance be rendered them in
the removal of the denser stands of bush. Regeneration is good and
a large area will, with proper protection, reforest itself.

In the past fires have rapidly burned over the division and con-
sumed the older trees so completely that there remains no marketable
fire killed timber.

About 1.500 acres are in a condition to be replanted at this time,
requiring little or no labor for preparation. Norway pine and white
pine are recommended for such replanting.

This division is at places very densely covered with rocks, estimated
to cover more than 500 acres. Any replanting here would be done
under much difficulty and large expense.

The w^aters on the reserve cover an area of about 50 acres, roads and
trails 100 acres, and fire lines about 25 acres.

Springs and Streams.

There are a number of springs on the division, nearly all of which
have been made accessible and posted so as to indicate their position.
The springs almost without exception lower their flow in dry season,
a fact which is attributed directly to lack of humus and forest
floor cover. Replanting about the springs wherever practicable is
one of the immediate problems to be met. The streams on the divi-
sion are irregular in flow because of the irregularity of their source
waters. Their flow is easily influenced by rainfall, showing that the
catchment basin is badly in need of forest floor humus and a denser
canopy. The character of this division is such that no contamination
is likely to enter the waters.

Buildings and Repairs.

The headquarters of the forester and the buildings occui)ie(l by
the rangers have been put into habitable condition and at present
are entirely suitable for the purpose.

An old telephone line formerly used by the Tide Water Pipe Line
Company runs from forester's headquarters to Slate Run, and passes
over State land for a distatice of 3^ miles. The line was formerly

204

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc

II

lii

Hi

attached to trees, for which reason service was unsatisfactory. The
trees are now gradually being replaced by poles and the service has
correspondingly improved. The line of the Black Forest Kod and
Gun Club connects with this line.

Koads.

The total length of public road on this division is 12 miles, in
addition to which there are 9 miles of fire lanes. No road work
was necessary during 1012 but three miles of repair work were
completed in 1913.

Easements.

A 16-ft. wide right of way of the Tide Water Pipe Line Co.
crosses this forest for a distance of 12 miles, following: the Couders-
port and Jersey Shore turnpike. The Gaines Pipe Line Co. has a
12-ft. right of way for a distance of 4| miles. These strips are kept
free of brush and serve as good fire lines.

Plantations.

The following planting was done during 1913:

Red pine, 2-year, 1 ,000

Pitch pine, 2 year, 8,71 6

White pine, 20,100

29,816

This planting was accomplished in the reinforcement of a 12 acre
tract near the Pump Station.

Labor.

As is usual in remote regions, labor is difficult to obtain bocanse
of lack of permanent employment and commands a hiijh price.
Twenty cents per hour is the ruling price for day labor, and 50 cents
per hour for team work, or |5.00 per day of ten hours. The loading
industry in this region, lumbering, has practically ceased. There
are a few farms in the neighborhood and these are small and easilv
managed by one man. The labor situation will continue to be un
satisfactory until the development of the forest proceeds to such a
degree that labor may be employed the year round.

No. 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. 205

Market Conditions.

The principal market for material derived from the region is
Williamsport, and is capable of consuming good timber of any kind,
in any size. Hardwoods are preferred because demanded by the fur-
niture industries in Williamsport, Montgomery, and Muncy. Prices,
of course, are governed by market conditions and fluctuate here as
elsewhere. Transportation is good and railroad rates are not ex-
cessive. The distance to Slate Run is so great, with a hard haul,
that nothing but first class material may be taken out at a profit.

Fires.

One fire, covering one-half an acre, set by lightning, occurred
during the year 1913, but none occurred in 1912. There is one
observatory station in a pine tree. No trespass of any character came
to the notice of the forester.

Outing and Recreation.

During the year 1912 there were 10 hunting camps and 12 fishing
camps erected under permits upon this division. In 1913 there were
17 camps with 150 persons occupying them. Without exception, the
campers conducted themselves well, and all took much interest in
the development of the forest. During 1912 a number of pheasants
were taken, but other small game was scarce. Twelve deer were
reported as having been shot upon this division. In 1913 the number
was 15. Ten bears and much small game were taken. The streams in
this forest aie well stocked with trout, and fishing is good. A number
of fishermen took advantage of these conditions, making fine catches,
several taking the limit in one day. The trout run to large size
rather than small.

Permanent camp sites are numbered from 901 to 999 inclusive. 23
such sites have thus far been cleared and made usable.

206

REPORT OF THE

Oflf. Doc.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

207

III

lii

4. THE BLACK FOREST, BLACKWELLS DIVISION.

Ni

Forester, John W. Keller, Lloyd.

Forest Rangers: Robert Thompson,* Morris.

Robert Schwab, Leetonia.

M. L. Fish,t Lloyd.

The Blackwells Division is located in Tio^a and Lycoming counties.

The original boundary survey was nearly completed when addi-
tional purchases were made, leaving about 0,000 rods of surveyed
line still to be run. All lines run have been painted and posted.
Nearly 10 miles were brushed out in 1912 and 35 miles in 1913.

This State Forest contains 3 interior holdings, 2 of which it is
expiected will be offered to the Commonwealth for purchase. Four
warrants forming a portion of this division are separated from the
main body and should be joined up by the intervening purchases.

The present estimated area of the Blackwells Division is about
29,000 acres.

This forest has been completely lumbered and subsequently at dif-
ferent times burned. There remain no old woods and nearly the whole
area is capable of improvement. A rather dense undergrowth of
chestnut and oak is now appearing. Several tracts carry large grow-
ing timber. 200 acres will average a diameter of 16 inches in pitch
pine, ten trees to the acre. 300 acres will average a diameter of 18
inches, carrying 12 trees to the acre of pitch pine and white pine.
6 acres of old hemlock will average 18 inches in diameter with 16 trees
to the acre. 50 acres will average 16 inches in diameter, carrying 12
trees to the acre of beech, red, and white pine. 100 acres will average
14 inches in diameter, carrying 20 trees to the acre, with hardwoods,
principally maple, beech, chestnut, and oak. A tract of 40 acres will
average 14 inches in diameter, carrying IS trees to the acre of mixed
white pine, red pine, and hemlock. 100 acres will average 15 inches
in diameter, carrying 12 trees to the acre of oak, white pine, and hem-
lock. 200 acres will average 18 inches in diameter, carrying 20 trees
to the acre of hard maple and beech. This tract has been damaged by
fire.

1,200 acres have a density of 50% or over, with an average diameter
of not less than 3 inches. 12,000 acres are covered with coppice
growth of chestnut and oak, which has sprung up since the fires of

*KoBi^ed September 30, 1918.
tBegan April 1, 1913.

1909 and 1911. 1,000 acres carry a density of from 10% to 50%, with
an average diameter of about 5 inches. 11,000 acres of the same
density is of less than 5 inches in diameter. 1,800 acres are covered
with brush, where planting must be done. Rocks cover 450 acres,
streams 100 acres, roads and trails 74 acres, fire lanes 32 acres.

Springs and Streams.

All the principal springs are marked on the map of the division.
Original names are preserved as far as possible. 28 sp(rings were re-
paired during 1913 and 6 made accessible by trails. All will be posted
during the winter months. The springs located on heights are ir-
regular; those in the valleys are regular. It is maintained in the
neighborhood that the high springs never went dry until the fires
burned tlie timber and the humus. Stream flow generally is irregular,
with periods of great volume, alternating with almost no water during
dry seasons. The tannery at Leetonia contaminates Cedar Run. The
water is dark in color and offensive in odor. Drainage from the coal
mines contaminates Wilson and Babb creeks. No fish can live in the
latter streams, although trout have been caught in Cedar Run.

Buildings and Repiairs.

The Brooks cabin was extensively repaired during April, 1913, and
is now in a satisfactory condition. It is of great usefulness when
working at a distance from headquarters. It is 16x22 feet in size with
a kitchen 8x10 feet attached. It is fitted up with bunks and the neces-
sary rough furniture and utensils. Spring house and stable are
erected nearby. A fire lane surrounds the buildings. The whole cost
for buildings and outfit is 1270.12.

A ranger's house and necessary out buildings were erected at
Leetonia. Contract price for the buildings was $2,564.00. The fit-
ting up of the buildings with water and drainage systems, and charg-
ing in all the time of the forester and rangers, increased the cost
f 446.04. The extra charge included the cost of the building fixtures,
material and work for the barn, other out buildings, tearing down of
old buildings, grading roads and walks.

A telephone line has been extended from Waterville to Blackwells.
All work was done by the forest force at Slate Run. This line was
then extended to the tannery at Leetonia. Necessary rights of way
were secured and the line erected principally by the forester and his
rangers. The total cost of the line was 1431.77, and its value will be
many times the money spent upon it in the prevention oi* forest fire.

14

208

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

I

The Delmar and Hoytville Telephone Company's line supplies ser-
vice to Blackwells, Morris, Stony Fork, and that portion of the State
land east of Pine Creek. The service is good and the charge is reason-
able. The Bell Telepihone Company's lines reach Blackwells, Morris,
Stony Fork, and Leetonia, but have no connection near to or within
the State Forest.

Boads.

In 1912, the open road system within this area contained 28.5 miles
of public roads easily traveled, 11.3 miles of fire lanes, 9.3 miles of
boundary lines, and 3 miles of trails. In 1913, a new road from the
State highway at the White farm to the Brooks cabin, somewhat over
a mile in length, was the most important road work of the year. It
opens up a portion of the division where considerable work will need
to be done in the future. The difficulty in procuring labor prevented
a greater road extension. The work consisted of making the survey,
cutting brush, burning and removing the brush, dynamiting stumps,
pulling out loose stumps, and grading with drag plow and road
scraper. Additional road work consisted of brushing and rebrushing
certain roads, covering a distance of 104.7 miles.

Easements.

A right of way 60 feet wide and 1,204 feet long was granted the
Leetonia Railroad in 1912 over a portion of warrant 4,423 for a con-
sideration of $15.00 per year, and in November, 1913, a similar agree-
ment for right of way was entered into with the Central Penna.
Lumber Co. over tract 4,442, for a consideration of |50.00 per year.

Mineral Prospects.

In 1912, permission was granted to Benjamin Vaughn to prospect
for coal on Tannery Hill. The digging has reached a depth of 25 feet,
but no coal has been discovered. No other minerals are being removed
from State land and no other prospects are in progress.

Plantations.

To the end of the year 1912, 07 acres had been planted with seed-
lings, and one-fourth of an acre set with willow cuttings.
During the year 1912, planting was as follows:

No. 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

2-year Old Seedlings.

Europiean larch, 4,350

Norway spruce, 2,000

Pinus ponderosa, 2,000

Scotch pine, 2,000

Bed oak, 6,000

209

16,350

3-year Old Seedlings.
Norway spruce, ,

3-year Old Transplants.

Norway spruce, ,

White pine,

9,300

1,350
60,000

61,350

Cuttings.

Willow,

5,000

Total,

92,000

In 1913, 88 acres were planted with seedlings. To date forest plant-
ing on this division amounts to 155 acres. One-fourth of an acre was
set with cuttings. The 1913 planting employed the following species:

European larch, 2-yr., 1,000

Norway spruce, 2-yr., 49,500

Norway spruce, 3-yr., 14,491

Red pine, 3-yr., 21,780

White pane, 2-yr., 129,000

White pine, 3-yr., 8,790

Pinus monticola, 3-yr.; 5,000 229,561

The total number of seedlings planted to date is shown by the fol-
lowing table:

White pine, 248,890

Norway spruce, 76,641

European larch, >^ 5,350

Scotch pine, 2,000

Pinus ponderosa, 2,000

14_26~1915

Ill

III

(

210 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.

Red oak, 21,000

Honey locust, ^y^^^

White ash, 500

Red pine, 21,780

Pinus monticola, 5,000

Willow cuttings, 10,000

Total, 398,161

Sample Plots.

Three experimental plots were set out in 1912, using Pinus pen-
derosa, Scotch pine, and European larch. A pHantation of silver pine
was made in the spring of 1918. An experiment by alternating species
has been tried out, using white pine alternating with red pine and
silver pine. A small plantation of white pine, alternating with red
oak was started in 1912. An experiment to determine the value of
fall planting in this region was also made and will be reported upon
later.

Labor.

Labor costs ITJc. per hour to September 1st. After that date 14c.
per hour and board is the price piaid. Teams with driver are worth
40c.; for one horse and driver 27^c. Labor is good in quality but
is constantly on the lookout for higher wages. A strike for more
money occurred at the end of May, 1913, but all came back volun-
tarily without advance.

Market Conditions.

There is not much salable material derivable from this forest at the
present time. Sales have been limited to fence posts and a few thou-
sand feet of logs and fire wood. Transportation facilities are good
and the railroad rates satisfactory. There are no nearby wood-using
industries and the scattered material which might be worked up by
them under present conditions cannot be removed at a profit. With
no nearby market, a minimum of returns from this forest must be ex-
pected for the near future.

Erosion.

The surface of this particular forest is such that erosion readily
begins. After the removal of the virgin timber and the repeated burn-
ing of the surface, little protective vegetation remained on the hill-
sides. Erosion naturally followed and is contimiing, exposing the

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

211

rocks. Much of the soil from the steepest hills has been washed to
lower levels. Nothing but good forest cover and the prevention of fire
will operate to check this waste. Stream banks are undermined and
carried away. The shrubby growth is not sufficient to hold the bank.

Insects and Fungi.

The work of the white pine weevil has been noticed spiaringly, but
to date the weevil has not entered the white pine plantations. ' Oc-
casionally white pine trees are found affected with the white pine
blight. One chestnut tree was discovered attacked by the chestnut
blight. This tree was promptly cut and burned and no recurrence of
the disease has been found. The trembling aspen is attacked by the
streaked cottonwood leaf beetle.

Forest Fires.

One fire occurred in May, 1912, covering an area of 100 acres on
State land. 60% of the growth was killed and the forest floor cover de-
stroyed. In June a small fire covering 2 acres occurred on private
land killing 75% of the growth. Both fires are believed to have
started from the New York Central Railroad. During 1913, fires on
State land numbered 6, burning an area of 285 acres, and on nearby
private land they were 5 in number. The forest force assisted in ex-
tinguishing fires on private land. Half the fires are attributable to
railroads. The remainder are distributed among various causes.
One observatory station was built on West Fill, using a large red oak.
A view from this tree may be had over the larger part of the division.
The expense was |4.95.

Outing and Recreation.

Eleven permits to camp were issued to 65 persons during 1912.
Eight deer and five bears were reported killed on or near the reserve.
Twelve permits were granted to 72 piersons for camping within the
forest in 1913. Nearly all permits go to hunting parties. Three deer
and three bears were reported killed on or near State land. Many
pheasants were taken. Fishing is not good in the region. The trout
streams are not well stocked and cannot be kept stocked until the
forest growth along the banks of the streams covers the water and
keeps the pools dark and cool. For this reason few fishermen en-
camped within this forest. All camp sites on this division will be
numbered from 1,001 to 1,099 inclusive. Thirteen camp sites are in
good order, cleaned, and posted. Nine others are not yet posted and

I

f

212

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

numbered, but are suitable for camping purposes. These sites are at
present known only by the old incongruous names which are to be
replaced by piroper designations in the near future.

Lightning Report.

But two lightning strokes are reported during 1913, one in July
and one in September, respectively in pitch pine and white pine.

5. THE BLACK FOREST, SLATE RUN DIVISION.

Forester, Frank D. Jerald, Slate Run.
Forest Rangers: M. E. Westcott,* Slate Run.

O. M. Campbell, Cammal.

Work on this division was confined principally to tree planting and
road building. New roads were constructed and old roads brushed out
and repaired to an extent in excess of 20 miles, while over 19 miles of
trails received the same treatment. The road work was confined to a
grade on the Trout Run road, the Narrow Gauge road, the Big Trail,
the Slate Run grade, and what is known as the mountain road. The
trail work was carried through Stradley hollow, Campbell hollow,
Second, Third, and Fourth hollows, the Quarry trail, the Miller trail,
Slide hollow. Trestle fill, Gas Line, and trails known as Nos. 1, 2, 3,
and 4. Roads were opened to a width of from 16 to 20 feet, trails
about 10 feet. The mountain road, because of its character, was
opened only to a width of 12 feet. The total number of miles of road
at present opened and repaired within this forest is 26, and there are
20 miles of trails and 4 miles of fire lines. The boundary survey of
this forest is now complete with the exception of one small tract.
The boundary lines have not yet been opened.

Springs and Streams.

All springs along fire lines and roads are cleaned and many x>osted.
The flow is regular and free from contamination.

*Ke8igned September 30, 19U.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

213

Buildings and Repairs.

There are no buildings on this division excepit the small cabins left
by the lumbermen. They are insufficient for State purposes and not
properly located. The telephone line recently constructed is giving
good service.

Plantations.

Eight pounds of coniferous tree seeds were sown in plantations
during 1912, and of the following species:

Norway spruce, 3 pounds.

Red pine, 2 pounds.

White pane, 2 pounds.

Scotch pine, ^ pound.

Douglas fir, ^ pound.

Total, 8 pounds.

Young trees, both seedlings and transplants, to the number of
41 ,000 were used in reinforcing 83 acres, as follows :

Seedlings.

Norway spruce,

Honey locust,

Red oak,

Transplants.
White pine, 3-yr.,

5,000

1,000

20,000

26,000

15,000 41,000

The above reinforced planting was made on the James Wilson war-
rant No. 4240 and the William Peny No. 10.

Minerals.

All the table lands at the headwaters of Slate Run contain beds of
clay. Some of it is believed to be good fire clay.

IIBf

Labor.

As elsewhere throughout the State Forests, labor conditions are un-
satisfactory. Go©d men are scarce. Labor costs from 18c. to 22c.
per hour. Team hire from 40c. to 45c. per hour.

214

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

Erosion.

Erosion is at a minimum. It is very rare to see Slate Run dis-
colored.

Fires.

From July 8th to July 15th, 1912, a severe fire occurred in McHenry
township covering about 800 acres of State land. All small material
on the burned area was destroyed and the humus on the forest floor
burned out. The origin of the fire is not know but it is believed to
have originated from a stroke of lightning. The cost to extinguish it
amounted to $210.65. Only two small fires occurred on the division
during 1913, burning not more than one-fourth of an acre.

lit

Markets.

A considerable amount of dead, down, and otherwise worthless
material so far as its presence in the forest was concerned, was dis-
posed of during the year as follows:

i

i

1

Compartment.

•

i

i

•2

OS

^^

s

o

t

--l

n

p

y.

WllHam Perry, No. 10,
William Terry, No. 8,

Warrant No. 2656

James D. Wilson

Acres.

400

400

1.000

440

156.177

79.137

21.070

8,610

1479 82

267 49

27 10

8 61

11 80

es

ot

«di

Attention is called to the above financial return from the 400 acre
tract of William Perry No. 10. The price paid for this area was f2.00
per acre and the receipts therefrom in one year from material of poor
quality, and which is better out of the woods than in it, amount, as
above shown, to J1.80 per acre. Almost innumerable tracts, both in
this forest and elsewhere, contain similar material, which, if it could be
made accessible by a system of road building and thus more easily
removed to the market, would produce financial returns of equal or
greater value. A return of 90% on the investment as here shown,
derived from material better out of the forest than in it, is a mild
indication of the possibilities of practical forestry, when, after a suf-
ficient lapse of time, there is ample good material with w^hich to work.

215

No. 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. '

Outing and Becreatioc.

All camp sites on this division will be designated by numbers 1,101
to 1,199 inclusive. Camping parties behave themselves generally well,
but there was more drinking and carousing on the part of the campers
than i« good for their personal reputations. Eight deer and six bears
were reported taken and a large amount of small game. Fishing is
good in Slate Run and large numbers of trout were taken. The prize
trout weighed 5J pounds and was 23^ inches long.

Lightning Report.
The following trees were struck and shattered in 1912:

9

Chestnut

Chestnut oak,
Pitch pine, ..
Hemlock

Total, . .

14
9

22 i

9
<

2

2
12

o

\%

11
84

4

During the month of August a dead hemlock was struck and ignited.
The tree was completely burned up, but no fire was communicated to
the forest because of the damp condition of the floor.

21 trees were struck and shattered and 4 were ignited in 1913. The
occurrence was as follows:

August, 24

September, \

The species struck were:

Rock oak,

Jack pine,

Chestnut,

Hemlock,

8
9
4
4

It.K

210

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

6. THE BLACK FOREST WATERVTLLE DIVISION.

Forester, Horace C. Evans, Waterville.
Forest Rangers: S. H. Lebo, Lucullus.

G. C. Spiegel,* Waterville.

L. W. Rogers,t Waterville.

The Waterville Division of the Black Forest comprises three ranges,
Waterville, Cammal, and Little Pine Creek, the last being divided into
two sub-divisions, the Okome and the East Hill. Ranger Spiegel had
charge of the Waterville range. Rangers Campbell and Lebo of the
Cammal range, and Ranger Rogers of the north end of Little Pine
Creek.

The greater portion of this State Forest lies within Lycoming
county. A part extends into Clinton county near Haneyville.

The added tracts are not included in the boundary survey. All pre-
sent surveyed lines are marked and piainted. The timber in the Little
Pine Creek region is hypermature over an extent of 400 acres, and
will yield more than a half million feet. The balance of the division
contains scattered mature growth which would yield many hundred
cords of mine props. For the present it is needed as a cover. A cop-
pice regeneration of good quality is being produced. Where protec
tion is afforded natural regeneration is proceeding.

[If

Springs and Streams.

The springs and streams in this forest are in good condition, al-
though some are still subject to periods of high and low water. All
springs near roads and fire lines have been cleaned and deepened.
The water is pure and cold wherever the ground is well shaded.
Some of the smaller streams in the gorges have sunken beneath the
surface. Deforestation and fire have noticeably affected the flow of
Pine Creek. Acid plants discharge refuse into the head of this stream.

Buildings and Repairs.

The buildings owned by the State are in good condition. The barn
on the property occupied by Ranger Lebo was repaired during 1913.
The house was repaired during 1012 by a general overhauling, and is
now in a habitable state.

•Rpslsrned April 30. 1913.
tBexcan Soptember 1. 1912.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY,

217

The forester began the construction of a telephone system to con-
nect his headquarters with his rangers and the immediate neighbor-
hood. A line of metallic circuit has been built from Waterville to
Blackwells. The line from Cammal to Ranger Lebo's has been con-
verted into metallic circuit. Tt was constructed under the super-
vision of the foresters by untrained men. An additional branch has
been run to the Pump Station. The forest telephone system in this
region now is 46 miles in length, and communicates over an area of
182 square miles, reaching four foresters, three rangers, and ^ve
other* persons. Switch connections are made at Waterville with the
Brookside and White Pine Co.

Roads.

Work on the forest roads, fire lanes, and trails was pushed vigor-
ously during 1912. On the Waterville division 2.7 miles of fire road
were completed. The fire roads are the ordinary fire lane, so built
that they may be used by teams. On the Cammal division 4.5 miles
of lane and trail were completed and on the Little Pine Creek division
6 miles of fire road and 1^ miles of fire lane. The road begun in 1911
up Trout Run in the Cammal and Little Pine Creek divisions, was
completed over a total distance of about 9 miles. Three miles of ad-
ditional road lying in both of these divisions, known as the School
House and Hollow roads, have also been built.

The total road building during 1912 amounts to 33 miles. In 1913
the same roads were improved and additional new work completed.
Road work in 1913 covered 67.3 miles.

Minerals.

The mineral resources of this forest are not yet well developed.
Soft coal has been mined in the basin of Little Pine Creek for the
use of the English Center tannery, and the promise there for further
mining seems to be good. On East Hill range east of Little Pine
Creek, a 25-foot bed of fire clay is found 16 feet below the surface.
The bed of fire clay also exists west of Big Pine Creek along the
(^oudepsport pike. Limestone has been found near Haneyville.

A vein of iron ore in the State Forest near Haneyville is known to
have been mined as earlv as 1825, and iron therefrom manufactured
in the locality. The walls of an old furnace are still seen. The vein
seems to be upwards of 3 miles wide and lies close to the surface, fol-
lowing the mountain ridge along Coudersport pike. A forge was
formerly in operation at Jersey Shore.

218 REPORT OF THE Oflf. Doc.

A good grade of flagstone is found on the slopes of Pine Creek and
its tributaries. This is rather extensively quarried and is the only
present local industry. This stone is hard and of good quality for
building and road purposes.

Plantations.

The total area to date planted on this forest is 64.6 acres. 21 acres
have been planted by using seed in spot planting.

The seedling trees by species thus far planted, are as follows:

White pine, 115,500

Norway spruce, 15,000

Pinus ponderosa, 2,000

European larch, 2,250

Scotch pine, 4,500

White ash, 11,000

Red oak, 50

Chestnut, 50

Honey locust, 6,325

Red elm, 19,000

Willow cuttings, 500

Total, 176,175

During 1912 planting was as follows:

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

Labor.

219

Broad leaf trees.

Elm, 2-yr.,

Honey locust,

Conifers.

Pinus ponderosa, 2-yr.,

White pine, 3-yr.,

Norway spruce, 3-yr.,

Total,

Sample Plots.

3,800
1,650

2,000
19,000
15,000

41,450

Two experimental plantations were formed in the spring of 1912
with Pinus ponderosa. 1 ,000 plants in each were set out in a mixture
of elm and others, planted solidly. The first is on a sandy shale moun-
tain plateau, and the second on sandy clay. Seedlings in both plan-
tations appear to be thriving.

The price of labor in this region is high and men are scare. The
best labor demands from 20c. to 25c. per hour in the quarries, and it
is difficult to get good men for less than 18c. A team with' driver
costs 40c. per hour. This scarcity of labor is due to the exhaustion of
the lumber supply, and for the high cost of work within this forest.
A small supply was had at 18c. per hour but this rate cannot be main-
tained in the future.

Improvement Cutting and Markets.

Improvement cutting consists of the removal of fire damaged timber
from the Waterville division. Silas Hostrander is working over 1 000
acres near Okome. For such material a price on the stump of from
$1.00 to 14.00 per thousand feet is received, and ten cents each for
ties. The distance from market, the poor quality of material, and the
scarcity of labor make improvement cutting by the Department too
expensive. There is little local demand for fuel. Extract wood is
worth 14.00 per cord delivered. Mine plank 6 feet long, with a mini-
mum thickness of IJ inches are worth $18.00 per thousand. Mine
props according to size and quality are worth |2.50 to $3.50 per ton.
Hemlock and pine lumber are worth delivered from $16.00 to $22.00
per thousand feet. Chestnut telephone poles from $1.50 to $6.00 each
delivered. A 30-foot pole 33 inches in circumference 6 feet from the
base and 21 inches in circumference at the top is worth $1.50. Pitch
pine mine props are in demand. There is much of this material on
the mountain ridges but it costs too much to remove it. The rail-
road rate from Waterville to neighboring market is $1.30 per ton.
705 telephone poles were cut and delivered within the forest for the
building of the administration telephone lines.

Growth.

The forest growth in this region is coppice, ranging in age from 1 to
12 years. It consists of broad leaf species with a scattering of pitch
pine and a few white pine and hemlock. There is at present on the
ndges at least 1,000 cars of prop timber and considerable lumber and
dimension stuff, but with present market prices and distance from the
market, it would not be advisable to remove this uneven-aged forest
cover, although such removal would be a benefit to the even-aged
undergrowth. Natural reforesting will proceed satisfactorily with
protection. There have been some severe fires on the three divisions
during the last four years.

220

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

221

m

The 7,300 acre East Hill range of the Okome sub-division contain
3,000 acres of a fine natural regeneration of chestnut and oak coppice.
Protection from fire will go a long way in the quick reforesting of a
large part of the area, although planting must be resorted to at places.
Natural regeneration is uneven and therefore unsatisfactory. Plant-
ing with species of rapid growth produces by far the most satisfac-
tory results. Pine, larch, and elm are, recommended for planting in
this forest.

Erosion.

In past years erosion was severe, but with the growth of coppice
underbrush it is gradually decreasing and is now not the problem
it was formerly. With the restoration of a good forest cover it is
hoped that erosion will be entirely prevented.

Insect Attacks and Fungous Diseases.

The white pine weevil is the most destructive insect in this locality.
A scarcity of white pine, however, has produced a minimum of loss.
The chestnut bark disease is now attacking vigorously. Many in-
fected trees have been found and destroyed. This invasion began in
1913.

Fires.

During 1912, about 250 acres of State Forest were burned. The fire
wardens are generally prompt, although fires are diflftcult to ex-
tinguish in the mountain thickets. Continual watchfulness is neces-
sary and continuous daily patrol during the fire season is the only
thing that will produce satisfactory results. The forest rangers are
cooperating with the local fire wardens and with the best possible re-
sults.

An observatory has been erected on private land 2 miles from
Waterville from which the whole of the Waterville and Little Pine
Creek divisions may be seen, and considerable private land besides.
The town of Cammal, 10 miles away, is within view, and the Nip-
penose mountains at Jersey Shore. This observatory commands a
radius of about 10 miles. One other observatory is needed in Ranger
Rogers' locality, and practically the whole forest could then be

guarded.

During 1913 four fires covering 1,300 acres of State land occurred.
A second observation tower was built

Trespass.

Violations of the forest laws are uncommon and usually of a trifling
character. Some trouble is experienced from the overgrazing of

cattle. A few unauthorized camp fires were discovered during the
hunting season, and those building them were requested to observe
the rule in the future. The fish and game laws are more frequently
violated. When violations are discovered the forest officers report
the cases to the respective Department, having control of fish and
game. In 1913, seven dead does were found in the woods following
the hunting season. The trespass case of Burkholder is reported
upon elsewhere.

Outing and Recreation.

This forest is a favorite region for hunters, and 10 camps were
erected during 1912. All were visited by the forest officers and found
to be in good order. 40 deer were reported killed either on or in the
neighborhood of the State Forest. Eight camps were erected during
1913 and 50 deer taken. Ruffed grouse were numerous. Trout are
not abundant, although many fishermen visit the streams. Due to a
lack of forest cover, the streams are not sufficiently well protected.
A number of excellent camping sites exist. All camp sites on this
division will be named and numbered from 1,201 to 1,299 inclusive.
They are now being developed. Many persons from the nearby cities
and towns take advantage of a short stay in the State Forest. With
the development and opening of the woods, outing and recreation
parties will increase in number.

The schools of the neighborhood are availing themselves of the
privilege of going into the State woods. Arbor Day work is being
encouraged. The forester and his rangers interest the school children
in this work as far as possible. Whenever forest work is explained to
the children, they are interested. Nature study has recently received
an impetus through the interest of those in authority.

Lightning Report.

During 1912, the following indicates the frequency of the electrical
storms, during which the following trees were struck and shattered :

•

*%

•
3

a

c

•

*^
o

Hemlock,

Chegtnut, '.''''

Pitch pine ;;

Rock oak .*;;

Red oak !.'.*..*.'.'.'.*.'.'.'.'.*. *!.*.' .'.'.'.* .'.*.■.*

1
1

1

1
1

3

5
2

1
1

i

1

1

Total

10

li

222 REPORT OP THE Off. Doc.

In July, one tree, a chestnut, was struck and ignited.

One of the hemlocks struck in September was hit about 30 feet from
the ground and the top split. Several of the neighboring trees felt
the influence.

During 1913, 58 lightning strokes are reported, as follows:

June, 1^

July 20

August, 1^

September, ^

October, 1

58

One tree, a hemlock, was struck and ignited and burned for several
days before it was discovered. With respect to the degree of fre-
quency, the species struck were as follows:

Pine, 28

Chestnut, 11

Hemlock, 8

Rock oak, 6

White oak, 5

58

7. THE BUCHANAN FOREST.

Forester, Alfred E. Rupp, Fort Loudon.
Forest Rangers: J. V. Carlin, Metal

Harry A. Reitz,* Chambersburg No. 6.

The Buchanan State Forest is made up of the Aughwick and Bear
Valley divisions, each of which is patroled.by one of the rangers.
The former division contains 6,700 acres, the latter 4,310. The bound-
ary line of this forest has been completely surveyed and the lines are
marked, posted, and painted. At places they are used for fire lanes
and trails. All corners are well built and witnessed.

The region has been lumbered over at different times and now con-
tains but 25 acres of virgin forest. A number of mature and hyper-

*Left service April 80. 1913.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

223

mature trees are scatteered throughout the area, but these may be
removed only with profit along with other dead or fallen trees. There
is a market for this material as cord wood and pulp wood. About
one-half of the forest at this time would yield two cords to the acre.
Natural regeneration is sufficiently good to replace all removals. Of
the whole forest, about 3,000 acres have a density of 50% or over.
About half of this needs strengthening, while the remainder is being
strengthened by natural regeneration. About 5,300 acres are
covered with a stand having a density of from 10% to 50%. The
species are rock oak, chestnut, pitch pine, red oak, hickory, and
maple. The removal of the inferior part of the present stand would
improve the regeneration. The product would be cord wood, pulp
wood, and chemical wood, which may be handled at a profit by using
men in regular employ. There are small areas in the above portion
which may be strengthened by under-planting after the removal of
the dead and down timber. At least 2,000 acres of this forest are
covered with scrub oak and worthless brush. About one-half of this
will produce some natural regeneration, but no valuable species are
found on the remainder.

An area of about 50 acres of open space may be planted rather
easily with seedling trees. 500 acres are covered with rocks with
many steep slopes. Little can be done here except to prevent fire
which will permit a more or less dense brush cover to be used in the
formation of forest humus. 26 acres are included in the beds of
streams, 33.5 acres are used for roads and trails, and 38.5 acres for
fire lanes. On at least half this reserve artificial regeneration is best
postponed for the present because of the too great expense in prepara-
tion and planting. Pitch pine is reclaiming some of the weed area.
Some white pine trees are now restocking the areas in their
neighborhood.

ii.'. i

Springs and Streams.

All well located springs have been cleaned and made accessible.
The most important ones are walled. Where possible, fire lanes are
laid out near them. Where the forest floor humus is in good condi-
tion, the springs flow regularly throughout the year. Where the
humus is not intact, the flow is irregular. Stream flow in the Augh-
wick creek is regular, but is less regular in the Bear Valley stream,
where it is subject to floods and droughts.

A source of spring and stream contamination still exists in the
neighborhood of the old saw mill sites, where refuse, saw dust, and
other debris are still abundant. Tt would conduce to a better condi-
tion of things were all this refuse burned.

15

224

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

Buildings and Repairs.

The buildings in the forest form a home for a ranger, and are in

good condition.

A good trunk line telephone service is at hand and a private line 7J
miles long has been erected by the Department between the forester's
headquarters at Fort Loudon and the ranger's home at Cowan's Gap.
The rates charged by local companies are a dollar per month with
good service. Each subscriber owns his own telephone.

Roads.

All old roads have been repaired and improvements made in both
valleys. They need further improvement by reason of the grades.
These two roads are located each between two mountains and are the
leading roads to all part of the forest. A new road is needed from
Path Valley to the top of Tuscarora mountain through Cowan's Gap.
The old road in this region is in bad condition with grades too steep.
During 1912 about 8 miles of roads were repaired and improved. In
1913, road work, including trails and fire lines, covered a length of
56 miles.

The Buchanan Monument.

The site was cleaned of brush and briars and the land drained for
tree planting. A walk was made between the road and the monument
and the fence around the monument painted. The spring is cleaned
and walled. Improvement cuttings were made in the nearby woods.
Within the inclosure 3,100 Norway spruce, 2-2 yr., were planted.

Plantations.

Spot plantings were made in 1912 in a 5-acre plot using two pounds
of white pine, and in a 3-acre plot using one-half pound of Scotch
pine and one pound of Norway spruce.

The following seedling trees were planted:

Norway spruce, 3,000

White pine, 2,030

White ash, 1,300

Red oak, 3,500

American elm, 100

Willow cuttings, 2,000

Total, 11,930

No. 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. 225

All plantations were made 4x4 feet and the growth has been uni-
formly satisfactory.

Plantings during the year 1913 were as follows:

Red oak acorns, 1 bushel

Norway spruce, 2-yr., 15,000

Norway spruce, 2-2-yr., 11,200

White pine, 2-1-yr., 10,000

White ash, 1-yr., 4,000

Black walnut, 1-yr., 635

* Total, 40,835

Seeds and seedlings planted to date are as follows:

Seeds.

White pine, 2 pounds.

Scotch pine, i pound.

Norway spruce, 1 pound.

Red oak, 1 bushel.

Seedlings.

White pine, 27,930

Scotch pine, 5,800

Walnut, 2,197

Red oak, 3,500

Norway spruce, 57,010

Catalpa, 363

Balsam fir, 200

American elm, 100

White ash, 9,300

Total, 106,400

Nurseries.

A small nursery was established at Metal for this forest in May,
1908. It contained only one-fifth of an acre. Many of the seedlings
planted, as above, came from this nursery. The stock in the nursery
at the end of 1912 was 11,400 4-year old Norway spruce transplants
and 635 1-year old black walnut. Because of the too great expense of
raising seedlings in this nursery, it was abandoned in 1913.

Sample Plots.

Three sample plots have been located. The area of each plot is one
acre and the object is to determine the volume and rate of growth for
15_26— 1915

226

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

trees in this forest. No data or measurements can be submitted at
this time.

Labor.

The wage scale for labor is 15c. to 16c. per hour. For a team includ-
ing the driver, it varied from 37|c. to 40c. per hour in 1912. Laborers
are abundant in the spring, but nearly all are employed during the
months of June and July. Competition is rather keen with the
farmers and the State Highway work. All forest operations must be
started early in order to hold good men, or pay a higher price for in-
ferior men.

Improvement Cuttings.

No improvement cuttings have been attempted in this forest ex-
cept those necessary in laying out the sample plots which were made
by the probationary forest students.

Markets.

There is no demand for unfinished lumber. Cord wood is used lo-
cally and bark by the Mercersburg tannery. Railroad ties are called
for by the local line. Sawed lumber is produced for car stuff, building
material, furniture, and bridge timber. Oak and white pine are the
principal saw timbers. Transportation facilities are poor on the
mountain but good in the valley. The distance is too great to the
railroad for a profitable operation. When delivered, the railroad
facilities are excellent. The rates are reasonable and service is good.
There is little home market at this time for State grown wood. All
lumber and dimension stuff go to outside markets. For this reason
the Department must control the means of hauling. Otherwise, sales
cannot be made at a profit.

The price for cord wood varies from |2.50 to f 2.75 delivered. The
following prices have been ruling for other material:

Building lumber, mixed oak and chestnut, |20.00 per thousand.

Car timber, mixed oak and chestnut, $18.00 to |20.00 per thousand.

Wagon wood, mixed oak and chestnut, |25.00 per thousand.

Ties, rock oak and white oak, 68 c.

Ties, chestnut, 45c.

Locust wood and insulator pins, $8.50 per cord.

Bark, rock oak, $8.00 per ton.

All the above prices are for material delivered. The railroad rate
for cord wood is 45c. a ton for a 12-mile haul. Other rates are reason-
able.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT Or FORESTRY.

Erosion.

227

Considerable erosion is found on the roads, trails, and fire lanes,
caused by the steep grades. The prevention of erosion is one of the
objects aimed for in road work.

Insects and Fungi. •

The white pine weevil is present and is doing some damage to the
natural regeneration of that species. The chestnut bark disease is
found scattered over the entire forest. The effort to locate and de-
stroy it has met with marked success. Constant vigilance is required
to keep it in check. All infections, when located, are destroyed.

Forest Fires.

During 1912 no fires occurred within the State Forest. Local fires
aggregating 91 acres were all confined to private land. The forest
force attacked them immediately when seen and prevented their
reaching State land.

There were no fires in the Buchanan forest during 1913. Local em-
ployes are using more care with respect to fire in the woods. Local
population is cooperating in fire prevention. One obsen^atory station
was built with telephone line running to it. Fires on private lands
nearby covered over 1,200 acres.

Outing and Recreation.

The only persons who camped within the State Forest during 1912
were hunters, 5 camps containing 35 members. The conduct of 31 of
the number was all that could be desired, but of the remaining 4 the
same statement cannot be made. These 4 persons, who held permit
396, refused to report to the forester, and a question has arisen
whether or not they did not violate both the game laws and the forest
laws.

The products of the hunt so far as reported were 13 deer, 30 turkeys,
and a considerable quantity of small game, all taken on or near the
State Forest.

All campers during 1913 were hunters. 7 permits were issued but
only two used. 20 hunters entered the camps. . Their conduct was ex-
cellent throughout. 4 deer were killed within the State Forest and
3 on adjacent land. One doe was killed and sent to the Chambersburg
hospital. Much small game was taken.

The fishing is poor. The streams need restocking and the protection
of better growth to darken the pools.

il'

i

H'

#

I

228

REPORT OF THE

Ofie. Doc.

All camp sites within this forest will be numbered from 1301 to
1399 inclusive. 9 thus far have been permanently located and marked.
Many persons use the State land for outing and recreation from day
to day. The boy scouts have made use of the State Poorest when camp-
ing in the vicinity.

' Lightning Report.
Trees struck and shattered in 1912:

U4

a

CO

.a

B

u

o

a
»-s

a

t-9

Augu

o.
a;

C

Chestnut onk,
White pine, ..
Pitch pine, ..

Red oak

White onk, ..
Hemlock

Total, ..

3

1

1

""2

1

i

1

i

1 !

2

9

t

1

'

'

2 ' 6

:;t I

3
4

1

,. < IS

Only one tree during this year was ignited by the current, a chest-
nut oak during the month of March.

It was observed that trees located both on top of the mountain and
in the lower altitudes were struck. Some of those struck were the
smallest in the group. In one instance one bolt hit 4 trees.

Trees struck and shattered during 1913 were,
Trees struck and ignited,

29
1

30
Periods of frequency are as follows:

June, 3

July, 13

August, 14

The tree species struck were:

Chestnut oak, 3

Red oak, 3

White oak, 1

Chestnut, 5

Yellow pine, 9

White pine, 5

Hemlock, 2

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

229

Hickory,
Locust, .

1
1

30

One yellow pine was ignited and caused a forest fire on Cove moun-
tain. The kind and height of tree in these woods seem to have little
to do with the lightning strokes. Bolts have hit the ground near
large trees. Small trees are struck in the neighborhood of tall trees.
A chestnut tree completely shaded by other trees was struck near the
ranger's headquarters.

8. THE CLEARP'IELD FOREST, CLEARFIELD DIVISION.

Forester, William F. Dague, Clearfield.
Forest Ranger, John Nelson, Clearfield.

The Clearfield Division of this State Forest is nearly a compact
body of land, broken only by two interior tracts, one belonging to the
Chase Estate and the other to the Crystal Spring Rod and Gun Club.
A portion of the area contains a fair growth of chestnut, oak, and
maple, which at present needs little attention. A large portion of
this forest land contains no valuable tree cover, but only brush,
bracken, briars, sumach, bird cherry, and quaking aspen. The soil
here is good but needs to be cleared and planted. Natural regenera-
tion would probably restore about half the area. The balance must
be planted artificially. The burned-over areas could be prepared for
planting at small cost. A scattered growth of jack pine amounting
to about 500,000 board feet on two of the compartments is declining
and is gradually being removed at a profit of from J3.50 to $8.00 per
thousand. The boundary survey is now completed.

Springs and Streams.

Two of the springs within this area were given special attention
during 1912. The Rager spring along the Penfield road, one-fourth
of a mile south of the Smith place, was walled up, cemented, and
drain placed to carry water for the use of horses to a watering trough
below the spring. The mill spring at the ranger's dwelling was thor-
oughly cleaned and a concrete wall 3 feet high was built around it. A

230

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

i>

cistern 8x6x6 was constructed as a reservoir at 11.4 feet below the
spring. Water from the cistern is conveyed to the ranger's house.

The springs had a strong and satisfactory flow and none of the
main springs failed during the dry months. During 1908 the Smith
spring failed. The Weilder spring failed in 1908, 1909, 1910, and
1911. The Horn Shanty spring failed in 1908, and 1911, and the
Bloody spring failed in 1908, 1910, and 1911, but all had a strong
flow during the year 1912.

All main springs were dug out and made accessible during 1913.
Sign boards have been placed, naming and locating the principal
springs. A watering trough was placed upon the Penfield road at
Bloody Spring. It serves as a water supply also in case of fire. Clear-
field and DuBois receive their water supply from State lands. There
is no contamination.

Buildings and Repairs.

The ranger's residence is located near the Bloody Spring. Several
necessary outbuildings were built during 1912.

A water system was built for conveying water from the Mill spring
to the ranger's house. Necessary fencing was erected and 4 acres of
land around the buildings cleared for the purpose of cultivation.

The telephone line from Penfield was extended so as to connect
Ranger Johnston on that division with Ranger Nelson on this. The
distance was somewhat in excess of two miles. It is intended to ex-
tend the line to Clearfield by way of the Smith place and the Horn
Shanty. A suitable house for shelter and general reserve purposes
is needed at the Horn Shanty. The next large area of planting ought
to be made in this region. In 1913, a blacksmith shop was built at
the Bloody Spring. The Gordon camp was repaired for Ranger Ben-
nett. Some repairs were begun but not finished at the spring house
at Bloody Spring. The stumps on DuBois field around the ranger's
residence were blasted, piled, and burned. The telephone system is
about being extended from the ranger's house at Bloody Spring to the
Horn Shanty. The poles are cut and skidded.

Roads.

During the year 1912 road work was continued, which consisted
mostly of removing stones, cutting and mowing brush, building
bridges and fording places. A large part of this work was done by
the forester and his ranger. In compartment 1, work was done on the
Nelson and Hoover roads. In compartment 2, on the Sand Spring,
Sinnemahoning, Shingle Mill, Crystal Spring, and Lick Run roads.'

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

231

In compartment 3, on the Penfield, Dubec, Weilder, Weilder Trail,
Smith Eidge, and Gordon Camp roads. In compartment 4, on Fire
Break, Schoefield, and Kelley's roads, and Jury Trail. The total dis-
tance thus covered was 48 miles. The same distance was again
traversed in 1913.

Easements.

.The Clearfield and DuBois Water Companies receive water flowing
from the State Forest for municipal purposes.

Minerals.

Good building stone abounds. Soft coal and fire clay also are pres-
ent. The distance from markets lends little value to it at this time.

Plantations.

A plantation of 21 acres in compartment 3 was made in the spring
of 1912, using 10,000 2-year seedlings and 40,000 3-year seedlings.
The soil was cleared of logs and brush and refuse burned. The plant-
ing was spaced 4 ft. x 4 ft.

50 acres additional land were planted during 1913. A partial
clearing preceded the planting, which was in the neighborhood of the
Bloody Spring. 115,000 two-year old seedlings were received from the
Asaph nursery; 15,000 two-year old Norway spruce, and 1,000
European larch were taken from the reserve nursery and planted on
the above tract.

fi

Planting to date is, therefore, as follows :

White pine, 165,000

Norway spruce, 15,000

European larch, 1,000

181,000
Nurseries.

In the smaller nursery connected with this forest, the following
seeds were planted in 1912:

Norway spruce 5 pounds.

Red pine 5 pounds.

White pine 25 pounds.

Scotch pine, 2 pounds.

Douglas fir, 3 pounds

Black cherry, 8 quarts.

232

REPORT OF THE

♦••?

I)i

In 1913, it was enlarged to two-fifths of an acre,
beds, 54 ft. X 4 ft. The following seeds were sown:

White pine, . . .
Norway sprjice,
European larch.

Off. Doc.
containing 124

20 pounds.
20 iH>unds.
10 pounds.

Inventory of stock on hand in the fall showed the following :
Red pine, 2 years,

White pine, 2 years,

Douglas spruce, 2 years,

Norway spruce, 2 years.

White pine, 1 year,.

European larch, 1 year,.

Norway spruce, 1 year, .

80,000
205,000
8,000

35,000
135,000
100,000
437,000

The nursery possesses about everything it requires except a water
system.

Labor.

Labor is scarce and expensive. Wages for a good laboring man
are $1.75 per day of 10 hours. As high as |2.25 per day is occasion-
ally paid. At the price the State is permitted to pay for fighting
fire, it is impossible to procure men voluntarily to do this work.
Teams cost 40 cents per hour.

Improvement Cuttings.

A small improvement cutting was made in 1912 at the DuBois
field in the white pine growth of about 30 years, the trees ranging
from 30 to 40 feet in height. Fire had injured them and they were
dying. All dead trees were removed along with the dead branches
of the others. Other trees of no commercial value were removed and
burned. The color and leafage of the remaining trees have improved.

In 1913, this was continued with the removal of the dead and
dying jack pine. 215,000 board feet of jack pine, 30,905 feet of
chestnut were sawed into building material. It cost $11.50 per
thousand. The chestnut yielded $17.00 per thousand and the jack
pine $20.00. A considerable quantity remains on hand.

Insects and Pungi.

No attacks of any importance have been made either by insects
or fungi. The chestnut bark disease was discovered at one point
ill the forest and promptly destroyed, and has not since reappeared.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

Markets.

233

The local market is good for building lumber, paying anywheie
from §15.00 to $30.00 per thousand feet. The demand is diminishing,
i/rices for lumber for mine purposes are so low that no profit could
be yielded. ^

Forest Fires.

During 1912 no fires occurred within this State Forest. Four fires
occurred on State land or in its immediate neighborhood during 1913.
1150 acres of State land were run over. The origin of the fire is
unknown in every instance. A lookout tower 50 feet high was
built on the range between Bloody Spring and the Smith place. It
commands a wide view, is substantial, and was built by the forester
and the rangers. The cost was only $15.00.

Outing and Recreation.

For the purpose of berry picking, fishing, and hunting, 160 persons
camped within the forest during 1912. All conducted themselves
properly and no violation of the rules is known. The frosts in May
injured the berry crop and for this reason it was meagre compared
with other seasons. The year showed a decrease in the number of
fleer hunters, while those for small game increased. Eight deer
were shot on the reserve during the season. Fishing is poor owing
t( the droughts of 1908 and 1910. Streams were below their average
flow. All springs and streams seriously need planting along their
Lanks and for a distance around their headwaters, in order to fur-
nish proper forest flow conditions. If the streamis could be supplied
with a forest canopy, this would furnish substantial help in
keeping the pools dark and cool. The planting of young fish could
then be successfully carried on.

In 1913, at least 150 persons camped within the forest and more
than 200 hunters were present for a day at a time. Deer were
iibundant and 15 were taken within the State Forest. Small game
is scarce, due no doubt to fire. Small game hunters increased Id
rumber. Streams are being restocked and fishing should improve
within a few years.

This forest abounds in good camp sites, at least 20 in number, and
are located on or near the waters of Montgomery Creek, Horn Spring,
Stony Creek, and other smaller streams. All camps within this di-
vision will be numbered from 1401 to 1499 inclusive.

234

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

235

fl

Lightning Report.
Trees struck and shattered during the year were as follows :

/

/

OD

f

4)
g

0

1

o

H

*■%

<

bi

ChostDut

1

1

2

a

Oak

1

2

Piue

1

1

Total,

is

Trees struck and ignited:

•

>»

«

«

a

s

0

5

o

Chestnut stub,
Fine stub, ...

Total, ..

These stubs were ignited during a very heavy shower, and burne<l
at least fifteen minutes before they were extinguished by the rain.

A notable piece of work by Forester Dague was the result of his
disposal of the undesirable timber upon a 250-acre tract in his di-
vision. As a result of his work he was able to pay all his expense
and produce a net yield af |4.63 per acre from land which originally
cost the State J2.50 per acre for 7,592 acres. The further result of
his operation is that he has a forest in an improved condition, which
v/ill rapidly grow into great value.

From an area of 100 acres in compartment 3, a cutting of over-
mature, dead, and dying timber was made during the year 1911 and
sold during 1912. The total output amounted to 183,000 board feet
and the net income amounted to $0.00 per thousand feet.

9. THE CLEARFIELD FOREST, KARTHAUS DIVISION.

Forester, Nelson R. McNaughton, Karthaus.

Forest Rangers :

William Buck,^ Odessa.
William E. Schultz,^ Karthaus.
M. A. Barr,^ Karthaus.

The forester was assigned to this division in September, 1911. Pre-
vious to that date it had neither forester nor ranger. Ranger Schultz
was appointed July 1, 1912, but resigned in September because he was
unable to support himself and family on the salary which the De-
partment could afford to pay.

The topography and geology of this region have been reported upon
in the 1911 report of the Department.

No official survey of the boundary of this division has been made,
although tentative surveys have been made by the forester and his
rangers. These have been brushed out roughly 3 feet wide, blazed,
and painted, and all will be posted. All corners were repaired but no
old marks were removed. The total distance in miles thus far
brushed out and marked amounts to 27 miles.

No sub-division into compartments can be made until the bound-
ary survey is completed. The winter of 1912-13 was open with little
snow fall. In 1913 the last frost occurred on June 10th, the first,
September 10th. On July 12th a small tornado passed over part of
the State land on the south side of Gifford Run. It covered a small
area but mowed down everything in its path. The heavy late frosts
caused the growth to be below normal.

The posting of the lands is proceeding as rapidly as it can under
the circumstances. Where boundary lines cross roads, trails, fire
lanes, or streams, signs are being placed indicating the line and the
direction of the State land.

There are a number of interior tracts, all of which would be de-
sirable for State purposes. It may not be possible to acquire them
for some years to come.

From the deeds of conveyance and the rough surveys thus far made.
-it is estimated that the total area of this division is approximately
32,000 acres.

'Bejtan service July 1, 1912.

'Began service July 1, 1912; resigned 3epteinber 15, 1912.

•Began service June 1, 1913.

236

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

No. 28.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

237

There are few large trees on this land and no mature or over-mature
trees. Only about 6,000 acres are covered with a density of stand
of 50 per cent, or over. This growth is still too young to need im-
provement. The area covered with a stand having a density of from
1 0 per cent, to 50 per cent, amounts likewise to about 6,000 acres.

The brush lands divide into two parts, those which may be re-
forested naturally and those which must be reforested artificially.
The former represents about 5,000 acres and the latter about 11,000

acres.

Approximately 2,000 acres may be said to be open ground. 500
acres are densely covered with rocks and about 500 acres comprised
in the area of springs and streams. At least 1,000 acres are occupied
by roads and trails, and 50 acres by fire lanes. The brush area, the
poor stand, and the rocky areas which need not be reforested at this
time, reach a total of 17,500 acres. Later on, of course, attention must
be given to them, but at the present time all efforts are to be put
upon the remaining better land.

Springs and Streams.

Springs and streams are not yet definitely located on the finished
forester's map. Of the springs thus far improved, 7 are permanent,
while the others fluctuate with weather conditions.

The stream flow is irregular. Snows melt suddenly and rains
rapidly disappear. Two of the streams are subject to heavy freshets,
Mosquito Creek and Deer Greek.

No pollution of streams occurs at the headwaters in the State
Forest. Mosquito creek is polluted by the dumping of refuse at its
mouth, while mine drainage enters the West Branch.

Buildings and Repairs.

There are no buildings on the division except those occupied by
Monn, the squatter, and a board shack on Chestnut Ridge. There are
1 o telephone lines at present, although they are needed. The nearness
of the Huntingdon and Clearfield Telephone Company would make a
f'vstem of lines within State land of great value.

Roads.

In 1912, 4 of the roads in this region were repaired, aggregating a
distance of about 16 miles. Brush and stones were removed, holes
filled, grades and bridges repaired. Tn addition to the road work
done, about 4 miles of fire lanes have been brushed, raked jin^ burned,
for the first time, and about 30 miles of trails brushed.

During the year 1913, 23.5 miles of roads, fire lanes, and boundary
lines were repaired. This work consisted of brushing, removing
stones, surfacing, bridging, plowing of ditches, removing old logs,
and other obstructions.

Minerals.

. Bituminous coal occurs in the western part of the division. The
vein has been opened on the north side of Red Ridge. It is believed
to be 4J feet thick and of good quality.

Plantations.

One small experimental plantation of one acre was made in 1912,
using 1 pound of white pine seed in spot planting 6x6 feet. The
seeds were destroyed by rodents and the plantation, therefore, was a
failure.

The Lost Run plantation was made during 1913 in a scattered
growth of scrub oak, chestnut, and a heavy growth of bracken and
sweet fern. Plantings were made 4x4 and the following species
and quantities were used:

European larch, 2 years,

Norway spruce, 2 years,

Silver pine, 2 years,

Norway spruce, 1-2 years.

White pine, 1-2 years.

White pine, 2-1 years.

5,000
5,000
1,000
8,000
17,000
310,100

Total,

346,100

Two acres of the area were treated by seed spot planting which
was a failure. The seeds used were two pounds of white pine and
one pound of Scotch pine.

Labor.

The current rate of wages in this region in 1912 was $2.00 per day
of 10 hours. The forester was able to procure labor at 17c. per hour
for a ten-hour day without board, although but 9 hours a day are
actually employed in labor, as an hour is necessary to go to and from
the laborers^ homes. The rate is too low for the region and the best
labor cannot be procured. A working team with a driver costs $4.00
per day of 10 hours.

The coal mines in the neighborhood draw the best labor and in-
fluence the rate of wages. Miners earn from J3.00 to $5.00 per day.

238

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

It is not much of a farming community and agricultural labor is
scarcely to be had. If the wages of the State could be made equal
(o those paid in the mines, a desirable class of laborers might be pro-
cured. It is found better in this region to use small crews of men
for longer time than larger crews for a shorter time.

Markets.

Markets have not yet been carefully studied because of the fact that
there is not sufficient material on hand to justify the investigation.

Growth.

A portion of the forester\s time during the year was occupied in
collecting data on the growth and volume of white pine cut in the
Huntley and Bailey operation near the Hoover farm. A tabulation
of this data has been made and will be printed as a separate bulletin
of the Department. A number of supplementary forms for field use
have been prepared by the forester.

Erosion.

No serious erosion is occurring in this forest at present. The steeji
hillsides have been cut to bare rock for many years. The plateau-
like upper surface is not subject to erosion in the same degree. Re-
foresting is needed everywhere, however, to prevent further washing.

Insects and Fungi.

No insect attacks are noticeable. The chestnut bark disease ap-
peared sparingly in 1912 near the State Forest. The trees so dis-
covered are to be destroyed. In 1913 the infection invaded State
land.

Forest Fires.

There were no fires on the State land during 1912. 800 acres of
adjoining private land were burned. The forest officers contribute<I
their efforts toward the extinguishment of these fires. The season
was unfavorable for fire because of frequent rains.

Two fires burned on State land during 1913, covering an area of
2,050 acres. 4,745 acres of adjoining private land were burned. One
of the fires is believed to have originated from the burning of brush by
Harry Coulter. This defendant was arrested but the indictment was
ignored by the Grand Jury. The circumstances of the ignoring of

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

238

the bill are of peculiar interest. If the citizens of the county are not
sufficiently interested in protecting their own woodlands from in-
cendiarism, it makes it exceedingly difficult, and sometimes, as in this
case, impossible, for the Department to bring punishment to those be-
lieved to be guilty of crimes of this character. The destruction on
State land by these fires may be said to be complete. There was little
or no standing growth, so that the loss is at a minimum, but even
then this will reach a total of at least |5,000.

Three observatory stations have thus far been built, one oui the
eastern division on Twelve Mile Kun, and two on the western di-
vision. The fire wardens of the region are competent and do their
duty well. Special mention is to be made of C. C. Billotte, of Coud-
ley, and Moses Liegey, of Odessa. If fire wardens throughout the
State were as vigorous in attending to their duty and accomplishing
good results as these two gentlemen, there would be a diff'erent story
to tell.

Trespass.

«

One case of trespass is reported for the year, arising from lack of
surveys and poorly marked lines. Mr. Q. E. Beauseigneur cut a quan-
tity of wood on State land unintentionally, on the basis of wrong in-
formation given him with respect to the location of a line. In settle-
ment of the value of timber thus destroyed, Mr. Beauseigneur paid
§57.17.

The intended prosecution of Harry Coulter for negligence in allow
ing fire to escape while burning brush, is commented upon above.
The respectable and law-abiding people of the neighborhood in which
this fire occurred did all in their power to assist the Department to
bring the prosecution to a successful termination. Although this
failed, these neighbors are entitled to the highest commendation for
what they have done, especially since it was done at some danger to
themselves and their own interests.

During the open deer season two does and one fawn were illegally
shot on or near the State land, and the animals were forwarded to
the Clearfield hospital. No information is at hand as to who did the
shooting.

The forester reports that a large amount of intoxicating liquor
was brought into the State Forest by hunters during the season, to the
detriment of the morals among the men.

Outing and Recreation.

During 1912, 39 different permits embracing 215 campers were
ij^sued. There were at least 100 persons camping without permits
because of not being familiar with the rule. Having camped there

16

240

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

the previous year when there were no forest officers on the land, they
were not aware that permits were needed. All were warned to pro-
cure permits for the next season.

So far as known, 38 deer were killed on or near the reserve, 1

does, 1 fawn, and 4 bears.

During the year 1913, permits were issued for 52 camp sites to a
total of 305 persons. All were orderly and law-abiding except the
group that was camped at Lincoln spring in Covington township.
This camp, composed of eight men, was disorderly from the start.
The men were in an intoxicated condition, which prevailed through-
out their stay. Fights were started, guns and knives drawn, and
murder narrowly averted. Happily they left the State land before
they could be removed by the forester. These men were a menace to
their own safety and to the safety of every other hunter in their
legion. It is the policy of the Department to discourage the taking
of intoxicants into camp and their use on State land.

So far as statistics can be had, the following large game was taken
or illegally killed on or near the division in Covington, Girard, and
Goshen townships: Male deer, legal size, 52; fawns, 4; female deer,

3; bears, 6.

All camp sites are or will be numbered consecutively from 1601
to 1699 inclusive, and posted in a conspicuous manner.

Lightning Eeport.
Trees struck and shattered during 1912, were as follows :

>

■*-'

a.

•

a

>,

P
fet

5

s

•-9

S
»-9

o

Pitch pine,
Red oak, ...
White pine.
Chestnut, ..

Gum

White oak.

Total,

1

1

2

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

,

4
4
3
3
1
1

16

No trees were ignited. The heaviest electrical storms occurred be-
tween July 25th and August 15th. The stroke followed in every in-
stance, the grain of the wood. In the white pine trees it ran straight
from tip to ground. In the twisted or cross-grained trees it ran
spirally. The experience in this forest is that trees which are most
abundant in a stand seem to be struck oftenest, regardless of species.
Qjie notable instance of the effect of the lightning stroke was where,

No. 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. 241

after leaving the tree, the bolt dug a ditch 18 inches wide, 20 inches
deep, and 30 feet long.

During the year 1913, 20 trees were struck and shattered. The
periods of frequency were as follows:

June, 1

July, 13

August, 6

Total, 20

The species struck were :

White pine, 6

Pitch pine, 6

Chestnut, 6

R^d oak, 2

Total, 2a

10. THE CLEARFIELD FOREST, PENFIELD IJ^IVISION.

Forester, Carl L. Kirk, Penfield.

Forest Rangers:

Frank Johnston, Penfield.
C. O. Timblin,^ Penfield.

The Penfield Division of the Clearfield State Forest lies in the
northwestern corner of the county and extends over a few acres lying
in Elk county. Two divisions of the forest are recognized, a northern
and a southern.

Boundary survey is completed and was made by Wm. M. Grove, of
Centre county. The 46 miles of lines are marked, witnessed, and
painted. Corners are built up and prominently marked. Since finish-
ing the survey the lines have been brushed, repainted, and reposted.

The area of the division is now 9,631 acres, 68 perches. 4,000 acres
have a density of 50 per cent, or over, 2,000 acres need improvement
by removing dead and dying trees. This would yield probably 100,000
feet of chestnut and maple. A large part of the area needs nothing
but i)rotection at this time. 4,000 acres are covered with a density

» Began May 1, 1912; resigned August 31, 1913.

16^26—1915

/

•1.

\

(p.

242

REPORT OP THE

Off. Doc.

of from 10 per cent, to 50 per cent, and include both conifers and
hardwoods. Occasional small patches need strengthening by plant-
ing. 2,000 acres are covered with brush and require clearing for
planting. The division is not rocky and will grow timber anywhere
The water area is not large, probably not exceeding 10 acres. Roads
and trails occupy about 50 acres. These include the fire lanes. Bound-
ary lines cut out to the present width occupy approximately 20 acres.
The planting of the barren land will require some preparation, not
exceeding an average cost of |3.00 per acre. Occasional careful
burning will accomplish all clearing necessary.

Springs and Streams.

All good springs have been located and cleaned. Those near roads,
lanes, and trails have branch roads cut to them and are marked with
boards carrying the name of the spring. All the waters become low
in dry weather, and a number of the springs fail. The main streams
flow continuously and there is no contamination.

Building and Repairs.

The building of a telephone line was undertaken in 1912 to con-
nect each M the rangers' homes with the forester's headquarters at
Penfield. A local line associated with the Bell lines was found to be
1^ miles from Ranger Timblin's house, but in order to reach Ranger
Johnston's house, south of Penfield, it was necessary to build a new
line about 5 miles in length. Poles 18 feet long set 200 feet apart
and procured from the forest, were used. Occasionally poles of 22
and 23 feet in length were employed. Braces were supplied to all
poles having a side pull. A number of the farmers nearby who de-
sired to connect with the line, contributed labor and the use of their
teams, while the rangers used their own horses for skidding and haul
ing poles. The hanging of the wire and the installation of the tele-
phones were done by the forester and his rangers. The farmers who
helped in the preliminary work for the privilege of connecting to the
line are H. A. Bonnett, Walter Reiter, Lewis Wirts, J. Bundridge,
Wm. King, John Reamer, and A. C. Long. Two of the telephones
were in working order by November, but before the instrument could
be used in Ranger Johnston's house, it was necessary to procure
a crossing of the Pennsylvania Railroad at Penfield. This was
finally accomplished by using the poles of the Penfield Goal Company.
The line from Ranger Johnston's house to the house recently built at
Bloody Spring, was completed during September, a distance of 2^
miles. The building of 7 miles of telephone line cost in actual money

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

213

ij>4:0.2o for hired labor. The rest of the work was contributed by far-
mers ai'd forest officers. By inducing as many of the local residents
as possible to attach to the line, it is found that much greater pro-
tection may be given to the State land in the case of forest fires. The
expense to individuals is but |5.00 a year, plus the cost of purchasing
their own telephone instruments. Already a number of branch lines
are projected to reach outlying settlements, and these will carry ad-
ditional lines through the State Forest, affording additional pro-
tection. Two township school houses are located within the State
Forest.

Roads.

During 1912, 7^ miles of old roads were brushed out for the first
time, while 21^ miles of old roads were rebrushed and improved. To
date within this forest there are 40 miles of good open road, 3,600
feet of trails or fire lanes, and 3 miles of boundary lines cut out and
marked.

During 1913, 25 miles of road were worked upon and improved.
Road improvement cost at the rate of 46c. per hundred feet.

Minerals.

The minerals under this division of the forest are not owned by
the State. Title was acquired to the surface only. A three feet
vein of coal is being mined by the Penfield Coal and Coke Company.

Plantations.

Preparatory to planting trees in 1912 on the northern sub-division,
about 30 acres of land were cleared along the upper side of what is
known as the Toby road. Planting was also undertaken on the oppo-
site side of the road, but little clearing was needed. On the southern
division 20 acres were cleared near the home of the ranger. The fol-
lowing seedling trees were planted:

Scotch pine, 2 years, . . 57,000

White pine, 2 and 3 years, . . 116,000

Total, 173,000

At the time, of planting, the ground was in a moist condition and
all seedlings made satisfactory growth.

Whenever time permits, clearings of land are made for the follow-
ing spring planting. When the weather is too wet or too windy to

244 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.

permit the burning of brush, it is piled for burning in the spring. On
the northern sub-division 15 acres were cleared in this way and a
somewhat smaller area on the southern.

In 1913, such clearing as was necessary preparatory to planting
was made in January. Clearing cost $4.00 per acre and planting •
$2.20 per thousand. The plantings were made 5x5 feet and covered
112 acres. Plantings during 1913 were as follows:

White pine, 2-1 years, . . 39,500

White pine, 3 years, . . 22,000

White pine, 2 years, .. 27,000

Silver pine, 3 years, . . 2,500

Eed pine, 2 years, . . 10,000

Norway spruce, 3 years, . . 10,800

Norway spruce, 2 years, . . 16,000

Total, 127,800

Total plantings to date on this division are as follows:

Rock oak, 1,775

Red oak, 2,000

White ash, 4:,000

Red ash, 14,000

Black cherry, o,'?'00

American elm, 5,000

Norway spruce, 140,000

Scotch pine, 208,500

Silver pine, 2,500

Total, 383,475

Nurseries.

Two small nurseries were established during 1912, one on the farm
occupied by Ranger Johnston, and the other on the property occu-
f»ied by Ranger Timblin. The following seeds were planted in the
Timblin nursery :

White pine, 4 pounds

Norway spruce, 5^ pounds

Red pine, 1 pound

Scotch pine, 2 pounds

Douglas fir, 1 pound

Total, 13^ pounds

No. 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. 245

In the southern division in Ranger Johnston^s nursery, the follow-
ing seeds were planted:

White pine, 4 pounds

Norway spruce, 6^ pounds

Red pine, 1 pound

Total, Hi pounds

Total for the two nurseries, 25 pounds.

The money outlay for establishing the two nurseries amounted to
123.31. The necessary work was done by the forester and his ranger.
The cultivation was carried on by the rangers.

An inventory at the close of the growing season shows the follow-
ing stock on hand:

Northern Nursery.

White pine, 8,000

Red pine, 16,000

Scotch pine, 8,000

Norway spruce, 10,000

Douglas fir, 12,000

Total, 54,000

Southern Nursery.

White pine, 9,500

Red pine, 21,000

Norway spruce, 44,000

Total, : 74,500

Total for the two nurseries, 128,500.

The necessary nursery screens are being made out of material col-
lected on the State land. Both will probably be enlarged. Stumijs
where necessary were removed by dynamite.

An inventory of nursery stock at the end of the 1913 season shows
the following seedlings:

Johnson's : One year old.

White pine, 18,590

Norway spruce, 78,400

European larch, 34,600

Total, 131,590

H

246

REPORT OF THE

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Two years old.

Red pine, 10,800

Norway spruce, 37,300

White pine, '^,800

Total, 55,900

At the Timblin place the inventory shows the following, all of
which are available for next spring's planting:

Timblin's: Two years old.

Douglas fir, 12,000

White pine, 6,500

Red pine, 15,000

Norway spruce, 9,000

Scotch pine, 8,000

Total, 50,500

The available product from the two nurseries for 1914 planting is
100,400 trees of all species.

Sample Plots.

Experimental plantations have been made, using red ash, white
ash, black cherry, American elm, and white pine. The pine and
cherry are a complete success and the elm is doing well. The ash are
apparently frozen out.

Labor.

Labor costs f 1.75 per day. The nearness of the mines makes labor
scarce. Team with driver costs |4.00 per day.

I

Markets.

r
The nearby mines require a limited number of props and caps.

These are bought from farmers who have woodlots. Some of the mine
companies own their own woodlots. Mine caps are worth $S.50 per
thousand and mine props f 28.00 per thousand. Props for the Pen-
field mine are required to be 3 feet long and 4 inches in diameter
at the small end. Any kind of wood is taken. At the Tyler mine they
must be 4 feet long. Pit ties are worth 10c each. The roads which
serve as an outlet to the markets are good and the rates are reason-
able.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

Erosion.

247

. Because of the small water courses and the lack of steep grades,
there is little erosion. The soil has almost a complete covering of
some kind of growth, small trees, sod, or bracken. Occasionally there
are thickets or brambles, all of which serve to maintain erosion at
a minimum.

Insects and Fungi.

At two different times during 1912, the employes of the Chestnut
Blight Commission searched this division thoroughly for the chestnut
bark disease and found two infections. These were destroyed and
the disease has not reappeared. A nearby stand of locust has been
completely ruined by the locust borer.

Forest Fires. ^

The forestry force assisted in extinguishing three fires during 1912.
Owing to the moist season there were no fires in the fall. The first
fire occurred in April on private land north of Penfield. About 25
acres of brush were burned, doing little damage other than destroy
ing the brush. The second fire occurred in May on private property
west of Penfield, and started, it is believed, from a railroad locomo-
tive. The section crew assisted in extinguishing the fire, which
covered about 200 acres of rocky brush land. The last and most
serious fire occurred on State land and on adjoining private land
in the slashing left by the Central Pennsylvania Lumber Company.
It ran from June 10th to 14th, and the line of back fires extended
for 8 miles. 850 acres of State land were burned over and probably
more than 5,000 acres of private land.

In 1913, 15 different forest fires occurred on State land and on
neighboring private land. Two burned on State land and 9 on pri-
vate land only, while 4 burned on both State and private land. The
area of State land burned is 135 acres and of private land 6,856
acres. In many instances the destruction was complete but the woody
growth was of little value, so the loss was small. The topography
of the region is such that forest fires are easily discovered. The
difficulty chiefly found is the getting of men quickly enough to ex-
tinguish them. The fires on State land originated from the outside.

Outing and Recreation.

Small game hunters are numerous. Few persons camp upon the
State land. Game is abundant. All streams contain trout. All camp
sites within this forest will be numbered consecutively from 1501 to
1599 inclusive.

^

i'f

5!t:

248

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

Lightning Report.

During 1913, 71 lightning strokes are reported. In 8 instances the
trees struck were ignited. The months of frequency are as follows:

March,

April, ^^

^^y^ ::: 13

June, g

J«^y> 14

August,

September,

October,

Total, '^^

The species struck were as follows :

Chestnut, ^^

Oak, ^

Maple, ^

Basswood, ^

Ash, t

Cucumber, *

Birch, ^

Beech, ^

Pi^e, r- I

Hemlock, *

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

24d

11. THE GRAYS RUN FOREST.

Forester, Arthur B. Wells, Fields Station.
Forest Ranger, L. T. Newman,^ Fields Station.

The Grays Run Forest lies in the townships of Lewis, Mclntyre,
and Cogan House, Lycoming county. Its geological, topographical,
and climatic conditions are as follows :

Geology.

There are four geological rock formations in the Grays Run forest,
all belonging to the carboniferous age of the paleozoic era. They are
the Pottsville conglomerate, the Mauch Chunk red shale, the Pocono
sandstones, and the Catskill red shale and sandstones.

The Pottsville conglomerate is a coarse white quartzose sand-rock
in some places filled with pebbles of quartz. It occurs in isolated
blocks on the top of Fording and Narrow mountains and in mass on
top of Schriver mountain north of Bartoff hollow, growing in thick-
ness toward the north.

The Mauch Chunk rocks underlie the Pottsville conglomerate.

The Pocono rocks are largely made up of coarse, gray, flaggy sand-
stones. They are nearly all current bedded, frequently micaceous, and
often greenish or greenish-gray. These rocks overlie the Catskill and
make up the great mass of the mountains in this region. They ex-
tend down to the springs at the foot of the steep heads of the main
hollows.

The Catskill rocks are composed principally of red shale and sand-
stone, but with some beds of gray shale and sandstone. This forma-
tion composes the floor of the valleys and extends up to the steep heads
of the main hollows.

The soil on the reserve is mainly a sandy red clay covered with a
shallow humus. The humus is deepest on the gentle slopes and on the
north slopes. In many places overlying loose rocks make it diffi-
cult for plant growth to get started.

Topography.

The topography is mountainous. There are four large mountains
in the reserve, three running north from Lycoming creek and one
running west from Grays Run village.

* Resigned September 30, 1913.

fl

250

REPORT OF THE

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Schriver mountain occupies the east edge of the reserve. At its
base on the west flows Grays Run.

Fording mountain lies west of Grays Run and extends north to
Dry Run and the saddle at Newman's.

Kinney ridge, a minor mountain, runs west from Grays Run north
of Dry Run to Round Top. At its base on the north flows Long Run.

Long Run mountain extends west from Grays Run north of Long
Run to the northwest corner of the reserve. Elk Knob ridge is a
spur extending south from Long Run mountain between warrants

Nos. 5656 and 5657.

Four Mile run rises between Elk Knob and Round Top and flows
southwest between Elk Knob ridge and Narrow Mountain to Laurel

Hill run.

Six Mile run rises northwest of Elk Knob and flows west to the west
boundary of the reserve where it turns south flowing finally into

Laurel Hill run.

Skunk Hollow run lies in the basin between the part of Elk Knob
ridge south of Elk Knob and the spur running west, then south

from Elk Knob.

Narrow mountain lies west of Fording mountain and between the

two flows Hagerman Run.

The reserve is m-ainly side hill with about 500 acres bottomland
and 1,000 acres comparatively flat mountain top.

Climate.

The following table compiled by the official weather observer at
Williamsport, will give a good idea of the climate of the Grays
Run Forest, which is 18 miles north of Williamsport.

1912.

January, ..
February, .

March

April

May

June

July

Anjirupt, ...
September,
October, .
November,
December,

There were three heavy frosts in this region in June.

Temperature.

a

«

s

s

a

H

a

"3

«

^

S

0^

s

43

—17

31

56

— 7

31

(»

10

37.5

80

19

49.5

87

35

61

S3

41

67

93

48

70.5

86

47

66.5

S9

36

62.5

82

30

56

69

19

44

66

10

38

o
a

a

OS

.5-5

031-1

1.21

3.07

3.95

4.13

2.58

0.79

3.22

9.6.">

5.28

2.4.'>

2.93

2.49

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

251

The boundary survey of this forest was completed last year and
the lines have been brushed, painted, and posted. Much of the bound-
ary lines has been brushed out so as to serve as fire lanes.

There are no private lands entirely surrounded by this forest.
A number of adjacent tracts would fill out the area properly and
ought to be purchased.

The area of this forest is 6,915 acres and it contains no virgin
growth.

At least 1,000 acres carry a stand of hypermature trees com-
posed of crooked and unsound beech, birch, and maple left by the
lumbermen, while in other localities small groups of cull trees are to
be found. It is estimated that this material would produce 1,000
cords of pulp wood and 200,000 feet of rather indifferent lumber.
Natural regeneration is progressing and where protected will soon
cover the ground with a satisfactory stand.

A dense and vigorous young coppice growth covers about 4,000
acres and which will need thinning later, but is too young at this
time. It runs about 18 years in age and is composed of oak and
chestnut 25 feet high. Basswood, birch, beech, and maple in the
ravines and slopes also prevail.

A growth having a density of from 10% to 50% is found upon 500
acres of the remaining area. Normal density is being restored by
natural growth. Here and there artificial strengthening would be
of assistance.

A brushy growth of scrub oak, bracken, briars, and huckleberry
bushes is found on. another 500 acres. Here natural regeneration
is slow and normal density may have to be secured by artificial
planting.

An area of about 800 acres is steep and rocky and artificial r^en-
eration is impracticable at this time.

A number of old fields and mill sites and severely burned areas
may aggregate 40 acres. Here seedling trees may be planted with
little difficulty.

The water within the forest covers an area of about 13 acres,
the roads and trails 49 acres, the fire lanes 13 acres.

The condition of this forest is such that 5,500 acres, if properly
protected, will sufficiently stock itself by natural regeneration, 500
acres where planting ought not to be undertaken at the present time,
40 acres now in condition to plant, and 875 acres of rocks, water,
roads, trails, and fire lanes where planting may not be made.

Springs and Streams.

There are many springs within this forest, most of which are
cleaned and accessible. They have not yet been named according

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252

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

to any system. A number of the springs disappear during drought.
They are located in gravel beds where the water passes off under-
ground except in wet seasons. Some of the streams likewise dis-
appear in the same manner. ^ ^

The flow of springs and streams varies with the precipitation.
Much of the humus has been destroyed by fire and sufficient time
1 as not elapsed for its restoration. Where steep slopes are adja-
cent to streams, the run-off is rapid.

There is at present no danger of contamination from any source.

Buildings and Repairs.

There are no buildings located within this forest.

A telephone line passes through the area, following the tracks
of the Susquehanna and New York railroad. It is probable that
this line may be purchased in the near future.

Roads.

. The road work during 1912 consisted of cutting out the boundary
lines, mowing the brush, removing old trees, repairing and building
bridges, widening, ditching, and supplying culverts where needed.
The total length of roads, trails, fire lanes, and boundary lines
thus worked over will aggregate about 36 miles, about 20 miles of
which are roads, 5 miles trails, and 11 miles fire lanes and boundary
lines. Thirty miles of the same roads, trails, and fire lanes were im-
proved during 1913.

Easements.

The Susquehanna and New York Railroad Company had a right
of way through the forest, but has abandoned it and removed the
rails and ties.

Seed Collection.

During the month of October, 1912, 470 cubic inches of the seed
of basswood were collected at a cost of $3.23. The whole quantity
has been planted in a temporary nursery. Seeds of the yellow birch
were collected during the same month amounting to 150 cubic inches.
The whole quantity was likewise planted in a temporary nursery.
A quantity of seed was collected during 1913 for the seed exhibit of
the Department at Harrisburg, about 50 species of trees, shrubs, and
smaller plants being represented in the collection.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

2S3

Plantations.

The area of State land planted during 1912 was 13^ acres,
planting by species during the year was as follows:

Norway spruce, 12,000

Red oak, 18,900

Welsh willow cuttings, 6,000

Almond willow cuttings, 6,000

The

.!

42,900

Planting during the year 1913 was as follows:

White pine, 3 years, . .

White pine, 1-1 years, . .

Norway spruce, 1-1 years, . .

Willow cuttings,

10,000

8,000

11,500

700

30,200

The seedlings and cuttings planted in this forest to date are as
follows :

White pine, 18,000

Norway spruce, 23,500

White ash, 2,000

Sugar maple, 40O

Honey locust, 40O

Red oak, 22,400

Welsh willow cuttings, 6,700

Almond willow cuttings, 6,000

79,400
Black walnut, 4 bushels.

The planting of spruce at the head of Hagerman Run is thrifty.
In other places the young trees were injured by drought and frost.
From these causes severe injury has been noticed respecting the
trees on the dynamited plot and the check area. Their condition
can be told better at a later date.

The total area in this forest planted to date with seeds and seed-
lings trees is 28.4 acres.

Labor.

The labor in this region is of jjood character. It is sometimes
abundant and at othei* times scarce. The men naturally seek the

n

i

254

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

i

highest wages. Contractors in the woods pay up to |2.00 per day.
The rate for the Department has been |1.75 per day of 10 hours.
The farmers in the region pay but f 1.50 per day. Team with driver
costs $4.00 per day.

Improvement Cuttings.

Some improvement work was begun in 1912 in the cutting out
of dead chestnut and other cull trees. About 100 trees which had
been injured and were decaying at the base, were made into rail-
road ties. Eleven and a half cords of beech, birch, and maple for
pulp wood and a cord of fire wood were disposed of. All the trees
were either dead or defective. The need of improvement cutting is
shown by the condition of the forest described above.

Improvement work was continued in 1913 by George Newman,
who removed 70 cords of dead chestnut. A small area was cleared
of dead and dying willows in preparation for planting. Culling and
taking out of over-mature and defective hardwoods is under way
at present by Messrs. Vickery, Fleming, and Clendenning. These
trees being rapidly on the decline, are removed for the purpose
of benefiting the lower story of the forest.

Market.

Fire wood, ties, pulp wood, and extract wood sell rapidly in this
market. Fire wood is worth $7.00 per cord of 160 cubic feet delivered
at Trout Run. Fire wood of dead and defective trees is sold to local
consumers who gather and remove it themselves, at 10 cents per
quarter cord of 128 cubic feet.

The nearby railroads will purchase ties at the following prices:

No. 1 White oak and rock oak, 70c.

Chestnut and rek oak, 55c.

No. 2 White oak and rock oak, 50c.

Chestnut and red oak, 35c.

A market for chestnut wood, dead or green, is found in the ex-
tract plant at Newberry, where a price of $4.00 per cord of 128 cubic
feet delivered is paid. The local stumpage price is 50 cents per cord.
The specifications call for sound wood 5 feet long and not over 12
inches in diameter.

Cull trees may be sold at 50 cents per cord of 160 cubic feet
stumpage, or mill cut price of $3.75 per thousand feet is offered.
Transportation is good and rates reasonable.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY,

Erosion.

255

This forest is subject to a minimum of erosion except in some of
the Grays Run lowland, where the stream changes its course from
time to time. The forest cover is generally sufficient to prevent any
serious wash, although the dirt roads are subject to it.

Insects and Fungi.

A number of hemlocks have been killed by the bark beetles, and
the attack still seems to be in progress. Porcupines have killed a
number of trees and injured a number of others. The most serious
invasion has been made by the chestnut blight and the willow leaf
beetles. The chestnut bark disease has invaded this area to a con-
siderable extent and continues to spread. The scouts of the Chest-
nut Blight Commission first assisted in locating the diseased trees
and the work was conducted by the forester and his rangers. The
most useful method of locating trees was found to be the taking of
observations from the tops of commanding trees with the use of
pocket telescopes. All trees attacked were cut and burned and the
v^'ork of eradication is being continued.

A spotted willow leaf beetle defoliated many of the native wil-
lows and killed a number of them. The plantations are compara-
tively free of them at the present time. Hand picking and paris
green poisoning are used to protect the basket willows. The heavy
frost on June 14th, 1912, seemed to check their ravages.

Forest Fires.

There were no forest fires on this State land during 1912, and but
one during 1913, covering a half acre. A number of natural ob-
servatory stations are found within the forest. The residence of
the ranger is so located that it commands an open and extended view

Trespass.

Cattle from the neighborhood will stray on to the State land, but
the owners are warned and usually remove them in a little time.
They have done little daniMge. Wherever suitable grass is found
the staking out of milch cows for local residents is permitted.

Outing and Recreation.

During the 1912 hunting season 2 camps were located in this forest
and occupied by 9 men. These gentlemen were careful about their
conduct and were scrupulous to observe the law and the rules.

17

256

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

During the season 5 deer were killed on the State land, and so far
as could be learned, 300 grouse, 150 rabbits, 100 squirrels, and 1
raccoon were taken.

Two camps were erected within this forest during 1913. Four
deer are known to have been taken and the usual amount of small

^ame killed.

Fishing is scarcely more than fair. The mountain brook trout is
the only game fish found in State waters. The streams are suitable
for trout, which would thrive well if planted and protected. Hedg
ing in of the streams with brush and crown growth is necessary to
darken the pools. Fishing has been restricted because of the attitude
of the Grays Run Hunting and Fishing Club. All camp sites in
this region will be numbered from 1701 to 1799 inclusive.

Lightning Report.

So far as could be learned, during the months of June, July, and
August the number of trees struck and shattered by lightning is as
follows :

White pine, 2

Pitch pine, 1

Rock oak, 3

Chestnut, 8

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OP FORESTRY.

257

14

No trees were observed to be ignited after being struck.

12. THE HOPKINS FOREST, RENOVO AND KEATING DIVI

SIONS.

Forester, Forrest H. Dutlinger, Westport.

Forest Rangers :

George W. Armstrong, Westport.
William C. Huff, Westport.
John Liggett,* Beech Creek.
Howard P. Seese, Renovo.
A. L. Shoemaker, Beech Creek.
John Winkebleck, Beech Creek.

The Hopkins State Forest is located in Clinton county, and em
braces the State lands lying south of the West Branch of the Sus-
quehanna River. It contains the Renovo, Keating, and Snow Shoe
Divisions.

The present forester was assigned here April 1, 1912, on the trans-
fer of former Forester H. A. Thomson to the Black Forest in Ly-
coming county.

The character and size of this forest have been reported upon in
previous reports of the Department. The assignment of Messrs.
Funk and Sheeler to the Keating and Snow Shoe divisions, gave
them the remainder of the Hopkins State Forest. Since the resig-
nation of Mr. Funk, the Keating Division has been managed with
Renovo.

The forest was enlarged during the year by the conveyance of the
Robert Irwin tract from the New York. Central and Hudson River
R. R. Co., as reported upon more fully elsewhere.

Springs and Streams.

All have been definitely located and will be indicated on the map.
Many of the streams are accessible by means of wagon roads. Not
all springs are continuous in flow. The majority are affected by the
amount of rainfall. Several disappear during drought. Lack
of humus seems to be responsible for the fluctuating conditions. The
streams average a length of about 6 miles, are somewhat irregular
in flow, and free from contamination.

•Resigned May 31, ia2.

17—26—1915

258 REPORT OF THE Ofie. Doc.

Buildings and Eepairs.

The ranger's house at State Camp needs attention. A new house
[< a necessity at that place. l{ei>airs are needed at the Armstrong
farm. Huff's camp at the head of Burns Run is in good condition.

Roads.

During the portion of the year 1912 the present forester was in
(liaige, 14| miles of old roads were rebrushed and 7 miles of the Beech
Cieek road running from Beech Creek to Renovo were rebuilt. One
jind a half miles of new fire lanes were opened. In 1913, the entire
system of roads, trails, and fire lines was mowed during the year.
One mile of new fire line was opened and mowed.

The following is the road mileage open to date:

Roads, 20 miles.

Fire lanes, 50 miles.

Trails, 7 miles.

77

Easements.

The Borough of South Renovo, by reason of lease, procures water
from Halls Run for borough purposes. Same is reported upon else-
where. A right of way has been granted to the N. Y. C. & H. R. R.
through the Hopkins Forest on the south bank of the river. Better
transportation facilities will be offered, but fire danger increased.
A timber lease which is being exercised at the head of Boggs Run
has thus far covered an area of about 200 acres. Impix)vement
of the forest is very noticeable. Because of the condition of the
trees they produce an inferior grade of lumber.

Plantations.

Seedlings as follows were planted within this forest during 1912 :

White pine, 3 years, 50,000

Scotch pine, 2 years, 20,000 i

IMnus ponderosa, 2 years, 2,000

. Total, :. . . 72,000

Pinus ponderosa was planted at the Armstrong farm, Scotch pine
in the Swamp Branch of Big Run, and white pine in the same locality,
continuing a former plantation. The total acreage covered by this
jdanting is 28.

No. 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. 259

In 1913, two plantings were made, one using 62,000 3-year old
white pine, and the other 11,500 3-year old Norway spruce. The June
i'rost injured the growth of the young trees, freezing the terminal
buds and retarding their height growth considerably.

Plantations to date cover 108 acres, using the following species:

Black walnut, 2,353

White ash, 8,500

Honey locust, 2,000

White pine, 162,000

Scotch pine, 25,000

Pinus ponderosa, 2,000

Norway spruce, 11,500

Silver pine, 5,000

y 218,353

A 3-acre walnut plantation made in 1904 is located adjacent to
State Camp, the headquarters of Ranger Seese.

Sample Plots.

Two sample experimental plots have been made, one with 2,000
2-year old Pinus ponderosa, the other using 5,000 3-year old Silver
pine. They will be the subject of further investigation and report.

Improvement Cutting.

A large quantity of over-mature and defective trees was standing
in Boggs Run. This material was deteriorating and needed to be
used at once should there be any intention of saving it. A contract
was accordingly entered into with C. D. Raker of North Bend to
emove the oak, the oak bark, and the jack pine prop timber. The
result of this operation was that from February to December, 1912,
material was taken out as follows:

Prop timber, 2,484.99 tons at f 1.00 ])er ton, f2,484.99
Bark 142.865 tons at |2.00 per ton, 285.73

Total, 12,770.72

The lemoval of this material leaves this forest area in a better con-
dition and natural regneration will proceed rapidly provided foresi
fires are kept out. The stumps sprouted during 1913 and many good
shoots were sent up.

260

REPORT OF THE

Labor.

OflE. Doc.

Labor may be had at varying prices, depending upon the location
of the work. It ranges from 17| cents to 18^ cents per hour. Teams
cost from 40 cents to 50 cents an hour, with or without driver.

Markets.

There are no wood-using industries and little local demand for
timber. The car shops at Kenovo take a small amount. Prices range
somewhat below the average. The coming of the N. Y. C. R. R. will
better the market conditions. Forest products may then be loaded
directly from the forest on to the cars.

Insects and Fungi.

The chestnut bark disease was discovered in 1912 at the head of
Pete's Knh by an agent of the Chestnut Blight Commission, in three
infected trees. The trees were cut and destroyed, but the significance
of its presence there is that it has invaded this division and a
constant lookout must be maintained in the future in order that it
nay not obtain a foothold, from which it will be difficult to dis-
lodge it.

F'orest Fires.

A single forest fire is reported for this division during 1912.
Two hundred and fifty acres of State land were burned over. The
fire was first noticed November 6th, and was extinguished by a rain
the same night. The damage was slight, only a portion of the
humus being burned. The cause of the fire is unknown. No fires
occun*red during 1913. A number of fires on private land were ex-
tinguished by the forest force.

Outing and Recreation.

During the year 1912, 20 permits were issued to as many camp-
ing parties for location within this division. No violations of the
laws or rules came to the notice of the forester. So far as could
be learned from report received, 10 deer were killed on State land
during the season.

In 1913, 30 camping permits were issued into this forest. About
250 persons availed themselves of the privilege. So far as known,
about 20 deer and 10 bears were taken. Small game seems to be
abundant. Wild cats are increasing. Trout streams are numerous
but poorly stocked.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY,

261

All camping sites within the divisions have been numbered and
posted, those on the Renovo division beginning with 1901 and those
on the Keating division with 2001.

Lightning Report.
Trees struck and shattered during 1912 are as follows:

July. August. Total.

Chestnut, 1 1 2

Jack pine, 3 4 7

Black oak, 1 1

10

No trees are known to have been ignited by lightning bolts,
are no data for 1913.

There

A

13. THE HOPKINS STATE FOREST, SNOW SHOE DIVISION.

Forester, George W. Sheeler, Snow Shoe.

Forest Rangers:

John Winkebleck*§, Beech Creek.
A. L. Shoemaker*, Beech Creek.

The Snow Shoe Division of this forest is located in the, northern
jmrt of Centre county and the southw^estern part of Clinton county.
This division resembles very greatly an interior holding. It is the
southern extremity of a solid block of nearly 100,000 acres of State
lands. It is bounded on the north and west by the Renovo and
Keating divisions of Hopkins forest, and the Midland Mining Com-
pany lands. On the east by the Pennsylvania Paper Mill Company,
Midland Mining Company, and Cato Coal Company lands. On the
south by the Midland Mining Company, Cato Coal Company, and Le-
high Valley Coal Company lands. The Snow Shoe Division consti-
tutes only about 8% of a large unsettled scope of country.

Topography.

The topography of this reserve is simple in its features. It is lo-
cated on the southeastern slope of the Pine Glen-Hyner axis of the
Allegheny plateau. Bordering on the crest of this axis, one finds a
broad, plain-like plateau gently sloping to the southeast. Considering
it as such, the forest forms the headwaters for numerous mountain
streams. These streams flow in accordance with the slope, eventn-

•Trflnsferrod from Ronovo Division.
SAppolntpd June 1, 1912.

262

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

J5lly reaching Beech Creek, and on their way they are continually cut-
ting rather deep and narrow valleys. These valleys become more
distinct and the uplands more rugged as one goes through the forest
in a northeasterly direction, starting from Snow Shoe Summit.

Beech Creek rises in Snow Shoe Summit through the medium of its
two forks, the North fork and the South fork. As it flows in an east-
erly direction it cuts the Allegheny plateau into a narrow valley with
steep and rugged sides. It becomes the recipient of all the streams
originating on this division of State lands.

The northwestern slope of this axis while not included in this di-
vision has similar topographical features. The streams flow into the
West Bjanch of the Susquehanna River. On this dome-shaped axis
between the two slopes a road known as the Ridge Road, from Snow
Shoe to Renovo, is found. This road marks the northern and western
limits of the Snow Shoe division.

Geology and Soil.

As already mentioned, this forest lies on the southeastern slope
of the Pine (Jlen-Hyner anticlinal axis. The rocks of this ridge
di]) away normally to the southeast. However through the rising and
the sinking of the axis along its line of trend, from northeast to
southwest, it produces diff'erences of dip and sequences of measures
j-o as to bury alternately beneath the surface and elevate the various
strata. This is true with the Mauch Chunk red shale and the Lower
rroductive coal measures. Following the crest of the axis and on
the flats dividing the headwaters of the streams, conglomerates pre-
dominate. Considerable distance from the crest in a southeasterlv
direction and on the southwestern i>ortion of the reserve, coal meas-
ures, red shale, and Pocono sandstones occur, but only the former
appear in any marked degree on the hills. In the northeastern por-
tion, conglomerates, shales, and sandstones prevail, while the coal
measures are rarely seen. The shales and sandstones occur on the
slopes and in stream beds. (See Map.)

The soils produced by these few members of the palaeozoic for-
mation are residual in character and fall into the Dekalb series,
('enerally speaking, they are the lighter soils of this series and de
rived from the Pocono sandstones, Pottsville conglomerates, Mauch
Chunk red shale, and the Lower Productive coal measures.

The types of soil found in this forest are Dekalb silt loam, De-
kalb stony sand, and rough stony land.

The Dekalb Silt Loam.

The surface soil of the Dekalb silt loam, to an average depth of
(; inches, is a light, friable silt loam, gray to light brown in color
on the immediate surface, changing to pale yellowish beneath and

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

263

passing into the subsoil without any distinct line of demarcation.
The subsoil consists of a pale yellowish silt loam oc-
casionally becoming heavier with the depth and generally somewhat
close and compact. It contains a large proportion of finer grades
of sand which tend to make it friable. This sand content often gives
a gritty feel to it when in suflQcient quantities in the surface soil.
Fragments of sandy shale sandstones are found on the surface and in
the soil mass varying from a few scattered pieces to a relatively high
percentage.

The DeKalb silt loam occurs in a number of areas, somewhat scat-
tered. These areas are developed on the top of the plateau, — stream
divides largely, yet not confined entirely to this position, — and on the
benches of slopes. The drainage as a rule is excellent.

The Dekalb silt loam is residual in origin, being derived through
weathering from the shales and fine-grained sandstones of the Car-
boniferous age. The texture of the shale rock varies from clayey to
gritty or sandy. The sandstone beds are thin and the rock fine-
grained.

In geologic time this formation, Lower Productive coal measures,
was covered by another formation known as the Unproductive or
I*arren measures. Removal of these upper beds in part has exposed
the productive measures and given rise to the type of soil here de-
scribed. Areas of this type are known locally as red shale areas.

The Dekalb Stony Sand.

The fineearth material of the Dekalb stony sand consists for
the larger part of the medium-textured sand or loamy sand, though
there is a range in texture from rather course to fine. The im-
mediate surface is dark colorcnl, owing to a shallow covering of or-
ganic material. Beneath this the color becomes light gray to pale
yellow, the latter usually continuing through the subsoil, though
in places the subsoil is a reddish yellow. The average depth of
the soil is ab(mt 5 inche,s. There are practically no lines of de-
marcation between the soil and the subsoil. There is usually enough
clay and silt in the soil to make it slightly sticky, and in places the
proportion is sufficient to produce a heavy loam. On the other hand
the soil in places is merely a partially disintegrated conglomerate
rock, and it then has the texture of a coarse sand. These departures
trom the typical soil occur only in small areas. In both soil and
subsoil are found more or less weathered and disintegrating sand-
stone and sandstone conglomerate. Here and there small outcropping
ledges of these rocks also appear. The quantity of rock fragments
increases with depth and there is very little fine sandy material below
2 feet from the surface. The stones and bowlders and the outcrops

264

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

1

are always sufficient to interfere with the forestal management, but

not seriously.

The Dekalb stony sand is the most extensive soil in the forest. It
occupies the broad tops and the gentle slopes of the ridges or stream
divides. In some places it extends down the slopes to the stream
banks, but here it is often displaced by rough stony land. The
Dekalb stony sand has been derived through weathering from the
Pottsville and Pocono formations, the former largely a sandstone
conglomerate and the latter a coarse-grained sandstone. These for-
mations are of Carboniferous age. As with most soils derived from
sandstone the structure is open and porous and the natural drainage
free, much of the rainfall passing into the soil.

Rough Stony Land.

The rough stony land occurs on the steep slopes of the streams.
The agencies of CH)sion have been so active in these areas as to re-
move all of the surface soil with the exception of few small amounts
held by tree growth. The Pocono sandstones usually give rise to
this form of land. They are sand rocks of hard texture with a cement
not easily soluble with water and humic acid. Interspersed with
these sand rocks one will also find conglomerates of the Pottsville
formation. These formations are of Carboniferous age.

THE RANGES.

The Snow Shoe Division, Hopkins Forest, is divided into three
distinct areas called ranges. These ranges assume their names from
the locations of their rangers' headquarters. The following are the
ranges :

Wolfe Run Range (headquarters at Snow Shoe).
West Branch Range.
Little Bear Range.

The Wolfe Run Range.

The territory covered by this range includes the southwest portion
of the forest. It lies in Burnside and Snow Shoe townships and
contains about 7,900 acres.

The topography is regular in outline. The northeast portion
borders on the Pine Glen-Hyner Anticlinal. The streams originate
near this axis and flow to the southeast. They divide the range into

Ko. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

205

a rolling plateau with narrow but not deep channels. This is due
to the gentle slope of the country. These streams, Big Sandy,
Beauty, a tributary of Sandy, and Wolfe Run have a large portion of
their course included here. Panther Run merely has its origin
on this range owing to the State line taking a northwesterly direction
and approaching the ridge.

The larger percentage of the soil is sandy and known as the Dekalb
stony sand. At the headwaters of the forks of Beauty, an area
of approximately 300 acres of red shale soil appears. This falls
in the Dekalb series and can be spoken of as the Dekalb silt loam.
Numerous small areas of this soil prevail throughout the range but
not worthy of mention. Along the slopes of the streams rough stony
land predominates.

The tree growth is rather limited. Mostly on the shallow soils
of the stony sand type, scattered growths of fire-scarred chestnut cop-
pice, rock oak, and a few jack pine (Pinus rigida) which the lumber-
man left, remain. The deep soils of the silt loam type support a
moie abundant tree growth and of better trees financially. These
consist mostly of the oaks, — white, red, black — and of chestnut. Few
tracts of merchantable timber remain. This may be considered a
two-storied forest. The jack pine predominates and is the high
forest. Chestnut coppice, rock oak, and a few jack pine form the
low forest and are of a composite type. They are located on scat-
tered areas starting from Big Sandy across the headwaters of
Beauty and Wolfe runs. They border on the red shale areas. Be-
tween the right fork of Beauty and Wolfe Run, there exists the
largest and best tract found on this division — a solid block of jack
pine.

The larger part of this range is out of the coal measures. How-
ever, in the southeastern corner on the west tract there are strong
indications of coal. This coal is part of the lower productive coal
measures of the Cato coal basin. It is called high coal locally.
Indications of fire clay prevail above the fork of the left and middle
branch of Beauty, and above the coal measures near the west tract.
A few places have been found also between Wolfe and Panther
Runs, but as to extent very little is known.

'5'

The West Branch Range.

This range is located in the central part of the Division. It con-
tains about 7,260 acres and is situate in Curtin, Burnside, and Beech
Creek townships.

The general topography is hilly. Bordering on the Pine Glen-
Hyner axis, the plateau is dissected by two streams, Eddy Lick and
West Branch of Big Run with their tributaries, which have their

266

IIRPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

U

oi igin in this range. These streams have narrow and deep channels.
The hills between are hroad and even, gently sloping to the south-
east.

The soil tor tlie most part is of conglomerate origin. It falls into
the Dekalb seiies and is a type of the Dekalb stony sand, many areas
resembling the Dekalb sand. These soils are fonnd on the hills and
the plateau. Interspersed with them are small scattered areas of silt
loams. On the sloi)es ofthe streams many rocks of sandstone origin
are exposed. These together with the conglomerates give way to the
type Rough Stony land.

The tree growth on this range is scant. Very little merc^hantable
limber can be found anywhere. However, near the headwaters of
JMdy Lick there is some jack pine which extends on the southern side
of the Kidge road. This can be included on this range. It is the
only timber worthy of mention. On the flats, scattered growths
of cliestnut and che.stnut oak coppice are found. On the larger part
of the range, the growth is fire scarred and from present indications
will not produce a desirable quality of timber.

Minerals are scarce. Clay appears near the Cottage camp site.
I^xtent and (pmlity are yet to be determined.

Little Bear Range.

Little Bear range is located in the northeastern part of the Di-
vision. It contains about 7,820 acres and is situate in Beech Creek
and (^urtin townships.

The topography of this range is hilly. It borders on the Pine
Clen-Hyner axis and contains broad gently sloping stream basins
bordeied by rocky divides of conglomerates and sandstones. The
streams that originate in these basins are Big and Little Bear,
tributaries of West Branch of Big Run; Swamp Branch, a tributary
of the Middle Branch; and Middle Branch itself, all flowing to the
southeast and emptying into Big Run.

The soil of these basins is sandy and deep. It contains types
of the Dekalb stony sand and Dekalb sand. The Dekalb sand is
similar to the former but does not contain so many rocks. It is deep
and often silty. The soils are hard to distinguish due to their slight
variations in texture and structure. The divides in most places are
narrow and of a stony batter of sandstone and conglomerates.
Where the divides are broad, the soil is sandy and shallow. A few
small areas of silt loam occur and when found they contain a large
])ercentage of sand which changes their character and texture to a
very marked degree.

The tree growth is poor. Scattered in these basins are deformed
jind defective trees. A growth of chestnut coppice, rock oak, jack

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY,

267

pine, and a few white pine are found. Very little merchantable
timber stands. This is scattered and in difficult places. It was
left by the lumberman owing to the hard conditions. In Thorn
Apple hollow, a local name, jack pine, white oak, and white pine
stand. In Hendrix hollow a few yellow pines and white oak remain.
Along the line of the Pennsylvania Lumber Company, which borders
this range, scattered trees of jack pine still remain.

Minerals are scarce. Indications of clay and coal in Graham hol-
low and near the State Line are fair. The quality and extent of
these have never been investigated.

SUMMARY.

The Snow Shoe Division lies in the Allegheny plateau. It main-
tains an elevation anywhere from 1,900 to 2,000 feet above sea level.
It slopes gently to the southeast. The streams all empty into Beech
Creek. On account of its elevation the climatic conditions change
considerably. The growing season is short and frosts occur late
in the spring and early in the fall. A heavy frost as late as June
0-10, 1913, killed and injured a large part of the young vegetation.
On September 17th, 1913, the region was again visited by frost.
The winters are cold with considerable snow, while the summers
are cool.

The soils are of the Dekalb type and as a class are poor for
farming. A few areas, however, could be used for farm purposes,
but their position would not allow profitable farming on account of
the poor roads and great distance from marketing centers. At
present the lands are best adapted for forestry.

This forest has been lumbered over three times. The white pine
Avjis taken fir-st, then the hemlock and chestnut, and lastly, in the
convenient places, the lumberman came for jack pine. Few areas
of scattered jack pine remain. The trees on these areas are declining.
They would make mine proi)s and sawed timber.

A severe fire swept the forest about 5 years ago leaving it in an
nnsightly condition. It is recovering, by sprout growth principally.
Areas of red and of white oak, white pine, and jack pine may be
found. Large areas could be established artificially. Fire protec-
tion is the greatest problem for consideration.

Labor conditions present another problem. Settlements are not
convenient to the forest, the nearest being five miles to the eastern
line. Furthermore, plenty of work can be had right at home.

The revenue producing power of this forest could be developed.
There is some timber that might be lumbered profitably now. Coal
and clay lands, if investigated, would yield some returns. These
are the most profitable lines at present indicated for development.

268

REPORT Ot" THE

Oflf. Doc.

I

The boundary survey is not yet completed. A portion was sur-
veyed recently, which part has been painted and posted. The re-
mainder of the line has been posted where it was possible to de-
termine its position.

The former area has been reduced by re-arranging the divisions.
The area of this division is now approximately 23,000 acres, 8,287
a^res in Centre county and 14,713 in Clinton county. It contains
no virgin forest. Neither is there any mature or hypermature forest.
At least 15,000 acres are in need of immediate improvement. Mnety-
five per cent, is coppice regeneration less than ten years of age.
The balance is in the polewood stage. The area having a density of
from 10% to 50% may reach 5,000 acres; that over 50%, 15,000
acres. Brush and weeds cover 2,000 acres or more. Fifty per cent,
of the whole forest may be reforested naturally with proper protec-
tion. Five hundred acres are covered with rocks, 26 with water, 96
with roads and trails, and 4 with fire lanes. All this land has been
severely burned. Protection from fire is its chief need.

Springs and Streams.

All the waters are tributaries of Beech Creek. The principal
springs are kept clean and accessible throughout the year. All are
named and posted. The deep-seated springs flow continuously. A
few fail during extreme drought. The restoration of the forest cover
will help many of them. The streams are variable for the same
reason that the springs are. Springs and streams are not subject
to contamination.

Buildings and Repairs.

There are two sets of buildings in this forest, those at the West
Branch camp and those at Little Bear camp, and are in good con-
dition. A camp is needed at the head of Wolfe Run. Additional per-
luanent camps are needed for the use of the forest force. To conduct
work properly on this division it is necessary to camp. Camping
can much more satisfactorily be done in small buildings than in
tents. All distances in this region are very great.

Telephone lines are within 5 miles of State land and within 10
miles of the nearest camp.

Roads.

Ten miles of old roads have been brushed out for the first time and
34 miles have been rebrushed and improved during 1912; Fire lanes
were opened for a distance of 10 miles. The building of a new road

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

209

was begun and completed for three-fourths of a mile. During 1913,
49.5 miles were worked over. All road work is planned for future use
in lumbering. The total number of usable roads, trails, and fire lanes
in this division at present is 53 miles.

Minerals.

Coal and fire clay are found in certain parts of the forest. The
extent and quality are unknown because unexplored. The distance
frorn market at present would prevent operation.

Plantations.

Two forest plantings were made during the year, one known as
the Beauty plantation on the Wolfe Run Range, and the other on the
Mosquito Hollow plantation on the West Branch range. The seed-
lings used were the following:

Scotch pine, 1 year, . . .

White pine, 2 years, . .

5,000
5,000

10,000

The area planted, 2.15 acres, contained a scattered growth of chest-
nut coppice and scrub oak with thick bracken.

I

Nurseries.

Fourteen pounds of seed were used in establishing two small nur-
series at the rangers' headquarters. The purpose is to try out the
cost of production.

Labor.

Labor is scarce, wages are high, and the quality of the labor is
not up to the average. Rates are governed by the wages paid in
the coal mines, brick works, and other industries. The mines pay
$2.64 for an 8-hour day. A coal miner at piece labor earns from
$3.00 to f5.00 a day in 8 hours. A brick maker |4.00 to |5.00 in a
day of 10 hours. Ordinary labor is paid $1.75 per day of 8 hours.
To get work done in the forest it is necessary to ofl'er f2.00 for a
10 hour day or f 1.50 with board. Teams cost f4.00 per day. On the
West Branch range 60 cents per hour is paid.

The cost of living in Snow Shoe is abnormally high, and while
working in the mountains men are unable to be at their homes every

270

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doe.

iH

night. Most of them would rather work in the settlement than
in the woods. Good men are in constant demand.

Markets.

The market in this region absorbs mine timbers freely, AUmml
any kind of wood is taken. Jack pine is preferred. The demuml
is about 240,000 props per year. These are from :4 to 5 feet hmg,
4 inches in diameter at the top, and sell for 4 cents a piece at the
mine. In addition to props, cap pieces and mine straps are called
for. The quantity of the former used per year is estinmted at 70,000,
worth 1 cent each, and of the latter approximately H0,000, worth
10 cents each.

A haul of at least 10 miles is necessary to place material produced
within the State Forest at the mines or railroad stations. It Is
probable that mine props might he shipped with })rortt to the hard
coal region, using either the New York Central or the Pennsylvania
railroads. The railroad rate on mine timber to the hard coal region
from Snow Shoe is from $1.75 to $2.00 per ton.

At present 300 acres of the State land could be cut over for the
pioduction of mine timl>er. Wherever this timber is over-mature or
declining, such cutting ought to be done.

Insects and Fungi.

Insects and fungous diseases are attacking and killing the Jack
pine timber. Possibly other causes are at work.

Forest Fires.

Great interest in fire protection is being taken throughout all thin
region. The forester is the secretary of the Central Forest Fli'O
Protective Association and is in active co-operation with the North-
west Fire Protective Association. The local Are warden, Ja.mm F.
Uzzell, is the very best man for the place. He is energetic, capHbl<»,
and understands his business. He also understands how very uai'im'
sary it is to suppress forest fires. Two outlook towers have betm
equipped during the year. They are simply trees with ladder and
platform. But one fire burned on State land during 1913, and COV'
ered an area of 210 acres. It is believed to have been set malidouMly,
Eight other fires occurred on private land and in all private bold^
ings to the extent of nearly 3,000 acres were burned. Nine bun4red
cut mine props were thus consumed and in all but two instances th<i
burns were extremely severe.

No. 2e. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. 271

Outing and Recreation.

Seventeen camp sites within the forest accomodated 120 cami>ers in
1012. Obedience to the laws and the rules of the Department was
willingly rendered and the conduct of the men is not subject to
trlticism. ^

During the hunting season 10 deer were killed either within the
Slate Forest or nearby. Bears, pheasants, wild cats, and foxes
n bound, and a number were taken.

in 19i;{, 22 permits for hunting cami)s were issued into this di-
vision. Many hundreds of people hunted on State lands for a day
only but did not camp. About 30 deer were taketi, 12 bears, anil
n great numy pheasants, rabbits, and snmll game. Pishing is good.
All camps on this division will be numbered from 2101 to 2199 In-
elusive. Twenty- four regular camping sites have thus far been estab-
II shed and posted.

Lightning Report.

Ten different lightning strokes were counted dUring 1913, 6 In
July and 4 in August. The species struck and shattered were

White pine living, ' 1«

White pine dead, 1

Chestnut, J •

Jack pine, 5

Rock oak, 2

10

Mil

. IIm

.i;/l .
t tir'.'X.i

lb

n

268

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

The boundary survey is not yet com„lete<l. A port,... ^^as sur-
veyed recently, wlmh part has been painted and poste<l. The re-
mainder of the line has been lasted where it was possible to de-

termine its position. . ,. • •

The former area has been reduced by re arrangmj; the divisions^
The area of this division is now approximately 2:5,000 acres, 8,287
acres in Centre county and 14,713 in Clinton county. It contains
no virgin forest. Neither is there any mature or hypermaturejorest.
At least 15,000 acres are in need of immediate improvement. Ninety-
ftve per cent, is coppice regeneration less than ten years of age
The balance is in the polewood stage. The area having a de°«> J' «J
from 10% to 50% may reach 5,000 acres; that over 50%, 15,000
acres Brush and weeds cover 2,000 acres or more. Fifty per cent,
of the whole forest may be reforested naturally with proper protec-
tion Five hundred acres are covered with rocks, 26 with water 96
with roads and trails, and 4 with Are lanes. All this land has been
severely burned. Protection from fire is its chief need.

Springs and Streams.

AH the waters are tributaries of Bee.h Creek. The principal
springs are kept clean and accessible th,-oughont the year. All are
named and posted. The deep-seated springs flow continuously. A
few fail during extreme drought. The restoration of the forest cover
will help many of them. The streams are variable for the same
reason that the springs are. Springs and streams are not subject
to contamination.

Buildings and Repairs.

There are two sets of buildings in this forest, those at the West
Branch camp and those at Little Bear camp, and are in good con-
dition A camp is needed at the head of Wolfe Run. Additional per-
...anent camps are needed for the use of the forest force. To conduct
work properly on this division it is necessary to camp. Camping
can much more satisfactorily be done in small buildings than in
tenta. All distances in this region are very great.

Telephone lines are within 5 miles of State land and within 10
miles of the nearest camp.

Boads.

Ten miles of old roads have been brushed out for the first time and
34 miles have been rebrushed and improved duiing 1912.- Fire lanes
were opened for a distance of 10 miles. The building of a new road

}!'

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

^N. -WT* *-fc A -w-k rr\ Ik r tji t^t rt^ fiu^ li'iii-rM^^k'i'rYT dAM9

No. 26.

waf^ begun and completed for three-fourths of a mile. During 1913,
49 5 miles were worked over. All road work is planned for future use
in lumbering. The total number of usable roads, trails, and fire lanes
in this division at present is 53 miles.

Minerals.

Coal and fire clay are found in certain parts of the forest. The
extent and quality are unknown because unexplored. The distance
from market at present would prevent operation.

Plantations.

Two forest plantings were made during the year, one known as
the Beauty plantation on the Wolfe Kun Range, and the other on the
Mosquito Hollow plantation on the West Branch range. The seed-
lings used were the following:

5,000

Scotch pine, 1 year,

White pine, 2 years,

5,000

10,000

The area planted, 2.15 acres, contained a scattered growth of chest-
nut coppice and scrub oak with thick bracken.

Nurseries.

Fourteen pounds of seed were used in establishing two small nur-
series at the rangers' headquarters. The purpose is to try out the
cost of production.

Labor.

LalK)r is scarce, wages are high, and the quality of the labor is
not up to the average. Rates are governed by the wages paid m
the coal mines, brick works, and other industries. The mines pay
1^2 64 for an 8-hour day. A coal miner at piece labor earns from
«3 00 to 15.00 a day in 8 hours. A brick maker $4.00 to |5.00 in a
flay of 10 hours. Ordinary labor is paid J1.75 per day of 8 hours.
To get work done in the forest it is necessary to offer |2.00 for a
10 hour day or ?1.50 with board. Teams cost |4.00 per day. On the
West Branch range 60 cents per hour is paid.

The cost of living in Snow Shoe is abnormally high, and while
working in the mountains men are unable to be at their homes every

.»t

I? I

270

REPORT OF THE

Off. I>oc.

night. Most of them would rather work in the settlement than
in the woods. Good men are in constant demand.

Im'

(

i

If

i^

Markets.
..e market in this r^ion ahsorhs m^^^^ ^^'t. ^^Zl

'"rhaul'o? at least 10 miles is necessary to place material produced
wiuJn th sLte Forest at the mines or railroad «tat:on- K .s

^ohahle that -^ -- ^^^^^^^^^^

"ZlrZ:'^:^^^ rtt^ermine timher to the hard coal region

f om Snow Shoe is from $1.75 to $2.00 per ton.

At present 300 acres of the State land could be cut over lor tne
pvlct^n of mine timlK-r. Wherever this timber is over-mature or
declining, such cutting ought to be done.

Insects and Fungi.
Insects and fungous diseases are attacking and killing the jack
pine timber. Possibly other causes are at work.

Forest Fires.

Great interest in Are protection is being ^f » thro^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
region The forester is the secretary of the f.^^^ral Forest l<lre
SStive Association and is in active co-operation with the No.th-
!^st Fire Protective Association. The local fire warden James F.
ZellTs the very best man for the place. He is energetic, capable,

e eS an area of 210 acres. It is believed to have been set "-Ucious J
Sit other fires occurred on private land and ^-j'' ^rv.^^^^^
iJ^ to the extent of nearly 3,000 acres were burned. Nine hundrea
cuf mLe prTwere thus consumed and in all but two instances the
burns were extremely severe.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

271

il>

Outing and Recreation.

Seventeen camp sites within the forest accomodated 120 campers in
1912 Obedience to the laws and the rules of the Department was
willingly rendered and the conduct of the men is not subject to

criticism. , , .^i.. xv

During the hunting season 16 deer were killed either within the
State Forest or nearby. Bears, pheasants, wild cats, and foxes
abound, and a number were taken.

In 1913, 22 permits for hunting camps were issued into this di-
vision Many hundreds of people hunted on State lands for a day
only but did not camp. About 30 deer were takeh, 12 bears, and
a great many pheasants, rabbits, and small game. Fishing is good.
All camps on this division will be numbered from 2101 to 2199 in-
elusive. Twenty-four regular camping sites have thus far been estab-
lished and posted. ,

Lightning Report.

Ten different lightning strokes were counted dliting 1913, 6 in
July and 4 in August. The species struck and shattered were

White pine living, '!»' '

White pine dead, 1

Chestnut, 1

Jack pine, 5 '

Rock oak, i' "^"

-.1'

10

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18

'27Z

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

i

14. THE KETTLE CREEK STATE FOREST, CROSSFORK Df

VISION.

Forester, R. Lynn Emerick, Crossfork.

Forest Rangers :

J. H.i Green, Crossfork.
Milt6ii L. Keeney, Crossfork.
Henry M. Olson,^ Crossfork.
Har^jVaoCleve, Crossfork.
Harry L. Jarrett,^ Crossfork.

The Crossfork' l!iiyi§ion of the Kettle Creek State Forest is located
in Stewardson'l^illq' Abbott townships. Potter county. The survey
is complete excfept that of about 200 acres near Crossfork. The
boundary lines i^krelibljlzed and painted white, the corners well marked,
und the State M^iiii placed wherever convenient to put it. Notices
are also placed at frequent intervals along the boundary line and
throughout the area.

This forest is divided into five ranges, which comprise two general
blocks or working! lateas. The Crossfork area is protected by Rang-
ers Green and Y^tiiClMre; the Kettle Creek area by Rangers Jarrett.
Keeney, and Olson. On September 1st, 1913, Thomas H. Golden
was^ assigned to tllis division to assist Mr. Emerick as forestci*. He
is ohe of the 1913 graduates of Mont Alto. From April Ist, 1913, to
October 1st, Forester Funk was present, assisting the Chief Forester.
He resigned on the latter date. The rangers in this forest are par-
ticularly efficient men, and the teamster, Mr. Mattison, who is also
u regular employ e^js a careful man of regular habits, and takes great
interest in his work.

The boundary survey has been completed with the exception of
the small tract around the town of Crossfork. There are a number
of important interior tracts in the region aggregating something
over 400 acres. The present area of the division is 59,593 acres.
The forest contains no virgin, mature, or hypermature stands.
About 10,000 acres have a density of 50% or over. This tract is young.
Birch reproduces best naturally. All growth is too young for im-
provement cutting. That portion having a density of from 10% to
50% is 24,112 acres. Most of the trees are fire scarred and de-
formed, and are making little growth. A portion of this area could
at this time be subjected to improvement cutting. It would yield

'Bpjcan April 1, 1912.
»BeK«n April 1. 1918.

I

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No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

273

from 100,000 to 120,000 cords of pulp wood. The hindrance to mar
keting this product is transportation facilities. Of the remainder.
25,000 acres are brush land. Fifty per cent, of this division will re-
forest itself if protected from fire and grazing, but the method is
slow. No other feasible method presents itself except planting. Two
hundred acres are open ground. Twenty-five acres are covered with
rock. Eighty-five acres with streams; two acres by a pond; 200
acres with roads and trails; 75 acres with fire lanes. Profitable
reforesting could be conducted at this time by planting operations.

, Springs and Streams.

Twenty-five springs have been cleaned and repaired. All have been
named and more than half posted with proper signs. All have been
located upon the map of the division. The springs and streams show
some diminution of flow in dry weather. There is no contamination.

Buildings and Kepairs.

Various dwelling houses belonging to the Department are in a
fair state of repair, and generally in good condition, except the
ranger's headquarters at Abbott. Here a new house is needed. Such
fences as are needed are in good repair.

A 2-wire line of telephone extends from Crossfork to New Bergen,
a distance of 14 miles, and another 2-wire line from Crossfork to
Crossfork Junction, a distance of 13 miles, is owned by the Western
Union Company, and which allows the Department the use of its
wires and line throughout its length. The Crossfork-New Bergen
line was built by the Department. The system may readily be ex-
tended to Hulls and the Pump Station.

The Stone house was remodeled and is now in a good state of re-
pair. The office building at Crossfork is in good condition. Two
other Crossfork buildings need repair, and a new barn is required.
The division now has 28 miles of 2-wire telephone system in good
condition. The inhabitants are permitted to attach free of charge,
making their own connections and installing their own instruments.
The system requires extension so as to reach the adjoining foresters.
A water service is required at the Stone house. A good spring 300
feet distant with sufficient fall will supply all needs.

Crossfork, the forester's headquarters, is extremely isolated. All
manufacturing and lumbering operations have ceased and by far
the larger part of the population has departed. The situation in
which the forest staff finds- itself is peculiar and different from
every other State Forest managed by the Department. Here is an
instance where the State, by extending its forest operations, may
furnish needed help to a stranded community.

18—26—1915

il

il

REPORT OF THE ^^- ^''''^

274

r:c=s 'sr:r :^aS \^^^^^

irraded, ana leveica. x"« cu^ .i^j mv^o mill nond was

gate repaired. Old logs afloat on ^ l" g-^ttle Creek

found as sound as when first cut. The cubbing a .

Stat, IS ».«■'«'■» ™f„'|, ,„ „„u.nt How .1th good pres-
tZ 'Twe»°y iee«:;:o, sth .o.,.« m-e bo.e .«h »..-.» ana

scioolt of the county. Forester Golden addressed the CrossforK
schools on Arbor Day.

Roads.

During 1912 11 miles of old roads were brushed out for the first

Je a^ ir! miles re-brushed and improved. Five miles of new fire

1 Is we.r,pe S and an additional mile of boundary hne bru^he'

lut Inew road has been brushed out and partly completed for a

"'TJetotl n'mbe; of open miles of roads within this forest at pres-
enf 30 raL 1^ fire lanes 20. and boundary lines opened 1 mile
Tl fireln" will ultimately become roads. Twenty-seven miles of
niephone lines have been built or repaired during the year.

To show the part which the Forestry Department plays in main^
tahiing le Stewardson township roads, the following statement may

be of interest :

1177 95

Cash road tax, 60 00

License fees, • *; *

Received from the State Highway Depart- ^^^ ^^

ment, * * ' '

Received from the Forestry Department as

fixed charge on State lands, »i4 j^o ^

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

275

Plantations.
During 1912, the following planting of seedlings was made:

White pine, 178,700

Scotch pine, 20,000

Red oak, 40,000

Norway spruce, 22,000

P. ponderosa, 2,000

Total, .! 262,700

The area devoted to the above planting is 150 acres. Seed plant-
ing has been employed in a few instances, and 1,540 square feet of
such planting has been made to date.

Planting during 1913 was as follows:

Norway spruce, 2 years, 82,500

White pine, 3 years, 237,800

Pinus monticola, 3 years, 2,000

The total area planted to date on this division is 347 acres, and
the total seedlings thus far planted are 693,100, as follows:

White pine, 491,500

Norway spruce, 107,500

Scotch pine, 25,000

Silver pine, 2,000

Pinus ponderosa, 2,000

Red oak, 40,000

White ash, 20,000

American elm, 3,000

Honey locust, 1,500

European larch, 600

693,100

All plantations are doing well with the exv.'^ption of the white
ash and larch. The larch froze out and the ash was frozen back.
Fall planting does not produce satisfactory results in this region.

I i

!

Nurseries.

A small nursery was established in the spring of 1910 with an
initial area of 420 square feet. The nursery was enlarged during

i

VI)

KBPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.
'276

1912 by adding 1,120 square feet, making its area at P--^^^^^^^^
square feet. A stock inventory at the close of the 1912 growing
season shows the following:

2-year olds.

24,000

Wl^^*^ P^^^^ 15000

Norway spruce, ^^^^^

Scotch pine, i '

1-year olds.

^ ' ]n 40

Douglas fir,

Dwarf mountain pine,

Blue spruce,

Chinese arbor vitae,

Persimmon,

Russian mulberry, •

Catalpa speciosa,

Black locust, • • • ^ • • • * *

000
50
15
10
20
6

25
60

40,18()

89,186

The number of seedlings available from this nursery for planting
in 1913 w"s the 24,000 white pines, which have cost $2.75 per thou-

''tI pounds of seed were used in the smaU local nursery 5 of
Norway spruce and 5 of white pine. The Pinus P^^^™^^^^^^^
on this division shows a slow growth. The average for 1913 was
one inch. However, they have a thrifty appearance. The other
eedliug. appear to be doing well. Could fall plan ing be u^d
successfully it would solve the labor problem and give us a longer
growing season. In 1913 the growing season extended over about
Sree months. The white pine plantations are doing Particularly we ,
showing a growth of over 90 per cent, and an annual maximum growth
as great as 26 inches the second year. Two small ranger nurseries
ZTLn established in addition to the one at Elk ^J-^^J^^
contains 200 square feet, one for Ranger Olson, and the other for
Ranger Van Cleve. The former succeeded well but the latter was
destroyed by rodents. Seedlings in the Olson nursery to date are as
follows :

' Whitepine, 3 years, .. 2,340

:.. ' Norway spruce, 2 years, . . 5,300

Douglasfir, 2 years, .. 640

II

No. 26.

i77

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. '"

The small local nursery at Crossfork begun by Forester Funk
in 1913 contains 480 square feet. Frost killed the Norway spruce and
the sparrows destroyed the white pine. The supposed useful effect
of red lead to prevent birds interfering with the young trees, which
was used here in great abundance, was proved to be fallacious. Nur-
sery attempts are to be renewed the coming season with prospect
of better results. An experimental plantation was started but no
data are yet available. A few seeds of the following spfecies were re-
ceived and are being tried out :

Citrus trifoliata,
Pinus taeda.
Black locust,
Catalpa speciosa,
Russian olive,
Russian mulberry,
Scotch pine,
American arbor vitae.
Persimmon,
Dwarf mountain pine.

Hemlock,
Blue spruce,
Pinus ponderosa,
Chinese arbor vitae,
American white spruce,
Pinus flexilis,
Jack pine, '
Austrian pine,
Taxus cuspidata,
Abies concolor.
'11

An experiment was also made in planting white pine, both with and
without the puddling of the seedlings. At present no difference.jn
results is shown. Honey locust is shown to be a slow grower iji this
region. The Elk Lick planting of 1,500 shows but tw^ inches. P.C[?-
sibly the freezing of the terminal bud is responsible, i,,

w

Labor.

The matter of labor on this division is a most serious matter. If
men are to be retained within the region they must haVe regular em-
ployment. There is no other industry present than the activities of
the Department of Forestry, and during the winter season the de-
mand for labor decreases largely. ?1.60 is the average price paid per
day. The cost of a team is $4.00 per day.

Markets.

Market conditions at present are extremely poor. There is no local
industry to consume any forest product. A large quantity of scat-
tered material now on the ground should be removed for the better-
ment of the woods, but unless it can be removed at a profit, it be-
comes at once a losing operation.

; *

27S

REPORT OF THE

Insects and Fungi.

Off. Doc.

No. 26.

The pine weevil has been noticed for the first time in the Elk Lick
plantation. In an area containing 25,000 plants 217 infections were
discovered. All infected trees were removed and burned.

Forest Fires.

There were no forest fires on this division during the year 1912;
and no fires were started within the State Forest during 1913, but a
number from without burned in. In this way the following areas
were burned over :

Abbott Range, 1,500 acres

Leidy Range, now in charge of Forester

Muller, 100 acres

Oleona Range, 5 acres

Crossfork Range, 750 acres

North Bend Range, Young Woman's Creek
Forest, now in charge of Forester
Mumraa, , 1,500 acres

Three observatory stations have been established and fires are
being located by means of the triaiigulation method. Our telephone
system helps greatly in this matter. Fires can be located with ap-
proximate ])recision. The local fire wardens are efficient and respond
])romptly.

Outing and Recreation.

No use was made of State Forest land except for hunting and fish-
ing. 14 camps were erected during 1912 and the conduct of the
campers was above criticism. During the oi)en hunting season 7 deer
and 3 bears were killed. Pheasants were plentiful.

Twenty-five camping parties visited the locality in 1913. Three
camps with 18 persons were present in the early spring. 22 camps
with 25 persons were present during the fall hunting season. All
have become warm friends of forestry work. Hunting for large game
was poor. 7 deer were taken and 3 bears, and between 5,000 and
0,000 pheasants.

Trout and black bass fishing are excellent. Probably 100 or more
fisherman visit Crossfork every year. 20 cans of trout were planted
in Lyman Run, Crossfork, and Little Kettle Creeks.

Camp sites in this division are numbered from 2,201 to 2,299 in-
clusive, and 12 have been definitely fitted up for camping purposes.
5 permanent camp leases have been granted within the division to
date.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

Lightning Report.

279

Twenty-one lightning strokes are reported during the year, all oc-
curring in the month of September. 14 were in dead chestnut and
7 in hemlock. In addition, one bolt ignited some soft maples and
burned into the suiTounding brush land.

15. THE HOPKINS STATE FOREST, KEATING DIVISION.

Forester, Nathaniel B. Funk,^ Westport.
Forest Ranger, William C. Huff,^ Westport.

1912.

Tlie Keating Division of the Hopkins State Forest fs located in
Centre and Clinton counties, and has not yet been sub-divided. The
survey of the boundary is complete. Painting and i)osting have been
(lone.

Springs and Streams.

All accessible springs have been cleaned and the rules for the gov-
einment of the forests prominently iK)sted. All streams had a regu-
lar flow during the year. At present there seems to be no possibility
of contamination.

Buildings and Repairs.

The cabin at the head of Burns Run is in good repair, but the
bouse at the mouth is worthless. If it be decided that a building is
needed here, it must be built anew. There are no telephones within
the division and none nearer than Westjmrt.

Sign boards painted black and lettered in white, are placed at the
intersection of roads and trails showing distances and directions.

Roads.

The forester was assigned to this division September 1, 1912, and
since he has been in charge, 30 miles of old roads have been rebrushed
and improved. This includes the whole number of open improved

;[HeslKned October 1, 1913.

-Transferred from the Renovo Division.

Ml

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

280

roads within the division. A trail 3 miles long extends along the
river from Yosts Bun to Jews Bun. Practically the whole time of
the forester was given to road improvement.

••■ Labor.

Labor in this region costs H^c. an hour, and a team $5.00 per day.
The population is sparse and labor scarce. The quality, however, is
good.

Markets.

There are no local markets for forest products. When improve-
ment work begins it must be done by the invitation of outside capital.

Forest Fires.

A fire occurred on State land on November 9th, burning over an
area of 250 acres at the head of Burns Run. The damage
was about a 50 per cent, destruction of the humus on the forest floor.
The origin of the fire is unknown.

Outing and Recreation.

During the season the forester was in charge, 14 different camps
VN ere erected on State land, and the conduct of the campers was proper
in all respects. 7 deer and 6 bears were killed.

There are at least 10 good camping sites, and others could be
readily adapted for camping from time to time.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

m:

16. THE LOYALSOCK FOREST.

Forester, John A. Bastian, Loyalsock.

Forest Rangers:

George H. Pidcoe, Barbours.

George M. Lipp, Montoursville, No. 1.

The Loyalsock Forest is divided by the Loyalsock Creek into two
natural ranges, the eastern and the western. Ranger Pidcoe has
charge of the western range, and Ranger Lipp of the eastern. The
boundary survey is complete with the exception of 1,000 acres which
l>ave recently been added. The line is well blazed and posted. A por-
tion of the boundary line was brushed during the spring of 1913.
All surveyed lines need painting. The total area of this forest is
14,063 acres, 125 acres virgin forest, 250 acres mature forest capable
ol* producing 750,000 feet of lumber. The species are hemlock, pitch
pine, white pine, chestnut, and oak. Regeneration on the rock area
may best be accomplished from seed trees. About 7,000 acres have
a density of 50 per cent, of which 2,000 need improvement. This land
carries today approximately 4,000 chestnut posts, 1,000 tons of mine
I>rops, 1,500 railroad ties, 4,000 cords of wood. Because of the distance
from market it is not possible to sell anything except at stumpage
rates. About 6,000 acres have a density of from 10 per cent, to 50
per cent. 500 acres are brush land, 500 acres are rocky land, 25 acres
^^ate^, roads and trails occupy 59 acres, fire lanes, 20 acres.

Springs and Streams.

The springs which are usable in case of fire have been cleaned
and trails cut to them. The springs have not yet been named. A
few of the springs are not continuous in their flow during extreme
drought. Because of the wet season during 1912, all springs were
continuous, with a large flow.

The streams are affected by droughts and usually become low dur-
ing the summer months. At present there seems to be no contami-
uation.

Buildings and Repairs.

There are no buildings on the area belonging to the State, except
li camp at the headwaters of Little Bear Creek. Other buildings are
needed, especially a home for the forester.

^H

in

IM

I i

!
1 ,

4

28J REPORT OF THE 0«- ^'"'■

The forester and each of the rangers has a telephone at his home

Williamsport and Muncy.

Boads.

]>urln(r 1912, the length of old roads rebrushed and repaired
jrS to 13 .niles. 0 mile, of .re lanes were oj>ene^ and 1^^
of new road partly completed. Road work m 19^=^ J, ^^^^""''''"^
laying ont and brushing new roads and repairing an old one

The total number of open roads traversable at present is 21 miles,
with T miles of fire lanes.

Easements.
C. W. Rishell has been granted the use of an old log road for his
timber operation.

Minerals.
Coal exists on this forest, but the vein is too small to operate profit-
ably at present.

Plantations.

During the spring of 1912, 8 pounds of white pine were employed
in spot planting ui«n small unstocked areas. The gerrainating per-
centage of the seed was low and the results were not satisfactory.
The area covered amounts to 6 acres. ,„,„,. , „ ,„

The total plantings to date amount to 8 acres. In 1912 the follow-
ing plantings were made:

™'p'"^' • :::: S

5^1"^' 1300

Black cherry, ^^'^'^^

12,100

The number of seedlings planted to date within this forest is
22,100.

Nurseries.

A small nurseiy bed measuring 4 x 40 feet was started with Doug-
las fir After the various troubles of the 1912 season, 1,500 seedlings
came through and remained in the nursery. In 1913 these were re-

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

283

(luced to 1,200. A small bed of Scotch pine was planted in the garden
but the seedlings were dstroyed by the damping-off fungus. Another
bed of Scotch pine was started in 'a sandy place, but the seeds were
destroyed by mice and squirrels.

. Labor.

Labor in this region costs 17^c. per hour, or 12ic. with board fur-
nished, while team with driver cost 35c. per hour in 1912, but now 40c.
The nearby lumbering operations draw the best men and keep up
the price of labor. What labor may be had is of fair quality. Much
of it is furnished by small holders in the neighborhood who have little
clearings of their own and may devote occasional days to outside
work.

Markets.

Maiket conditions are not of the best. Fire wood and fence posts
lead in the saleij. Lumber from dead trees is worth about |1.50
l)ei- thousand stumpage. The low price is due to the inferior char-
acter of the lumber. Fire wood is worth 25 cents per load green and
15 cents per load dead. Transportation facilities are poor. The
nearest point is 7 miles. There are no large towns near and the
roads are rough. With increase in lumber prices the material in
this fore>5t will come into the market. Improvement of the public
luads will improve market conditions. The wood within the neigh-
borhood is being rapidly marketed by private owners who are satisfied
to make small profits, and when it is gone, the State land will be able
to supply a portion of the demand.

In 1913, 9,000 feet of hemlock were sold at a stumpage price of
.?().00.

Erosion.

Owing to the fact that the forest cover is nearly intact, little
ejosion is going on at present. The root systems of whatever living
material is present hold the soil well, and especially on steep slopes.

Growth.

The growth over this region is fair. Some of it is fire scarred,
many of the trees are scattered, some are hypermature. The under-
growth is thrifty but with protection will soon be in condition for
thinning.

Insects and Fungi.

No insect attacks of any moment have been noticed. The chest-
nut bark disease was discovered in the eastern range in the spring
of 1912. All trees attacked by the blight have been cut and de-
stroyed.

284

REPORT OF THE

Forest Fires.

Off. Doc.

On November 21st, 1912, a small fire covering li acres occurred
on State land in Gamble township. The unsettled top leafage only
was destroyed and a few sprouts less than an inch in diameter. The
oriinn of the fire is not known.

In 1913 3 of the 5 local fires were on State land, covering an
area of 325 acres. Three fire observatory stations have been erected
and sites for five more located.

Outing and Recreation.

During the hunting season of 1912, three camps were occupied by
28 persons. Their conduct was all that could be desired.

With the increase of timber growth, hunting is becoming better
year by year The absence of fires in the woods maizes permanent
homes for many birds and small game. Eleven deer were reported
killed either on State land or nearby. Pheasants are increasing m
number but few were killed. A number of bears were reported taken.

In 1913 3 camping parties were present during the open season,
numbering 25 persons in all. Fourteen deer were reported taken on
or near State land. Pheasants were not abundant. There bears and a
number of squirrels and rabbits also are reported.

The camp sites on this division will be numbered from 2401 to

2499 inclusive.

The only trout stream of importance is Little Bear creek. The
fishing is good and the fishermen numerous. The stream is stocked
occasionally with yellow trout. Bass fishing and trout fishing may
be had in Loyalsock creek. Some trout are found in Wallis run.

' Lightning Report.

The number of trees struck and shattered during 1912, is as fol-
lows :

a
p

•-9

m
u

o

Wbite pine

Chestnut,

Pitch pine,

White onk,

Roclc oalc

Hemlock,

Total,

\ ! \ i

\ \ \ :•.::::::::

: __^ ;2Zi IL'-'tE!

........ ..■■■■■••• •••• ••••

4
S
t

2

1
1

13

No. 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

During 1913, ten trees were struck and shattered, as follows:

Chestnut, 4

Rock oak, 2

White oak, 1

Pitch pine, 2

White pine, 1

285

10

All occurred in the mouth of July except one, a rock oak, whicli
was struck during the month of June.

17. THE MINISINK FOREST, NOTCH DIVISION.

Forester, John E. Avery, Notch.

Forest Rangers :

Ferdinand Frank, Edgemere.
William Hatton,* Lords Valley.
Edgar Wilson, Canadensis.

r The Minisink Forest includes all the lands in Pike and Monroe
counties, the larger portion of the area in Pike county being in-
cluded in the Notch Diyigioiu

The boundary survey, 20 miles, is cut clear to a width of 15 feet.
The approximate area of the division is 30,000 acres, 5,000 mature
timber, 20,000 with a density of 50%, 3,000 of a density from 10%
to 50%, the remainder of varying character, 759 acres are covered
with water.

Springs and Streams.

Nearly all springs in this region depend upon climatic condi-
tions. For this reason streams are irregular.

Buildings and Repairs.

Repairs have been made at the house occupied by Ranger Frank,
consisting of new fence, repairs to the stream bank, and a concrete
walk; water line installed from spring to the house; house repaireci

*B«gan service March 1, 1912.

li

2gQ REPORT OF THE Oflf. Doc

throughout; barn and out buildings painted. A local telephone lino
was purchased connecting the ranger's home with Porter s Lake
Club. This is intended to be extended 6 miles to the forest head-
(pmrters at Notch.

Koads.

During 1912, 8 miles of old roads were brushed out for the first
time and 29 miles were re-brushed and repaired. Seven miles of new
fire lanes were opened and 24 miles of the boundary line cleaned
out. Eight miles of new roads were brushed out and partly com-

^' ^In 1913 roads and fire lines were brushed and opened to the extent
of 77.7 miles. Teams may pass on all fire lanes, which are so laid
that they may be converted into roads.

Plantations.
Seedling trees planted in the State Forest during 1912, are as

follows : 1 K AAA

White pine, 3 years, .... 15,000

Red oak, 3 years, .... 900

American elm, 3 years,

Total, IMOO

In addition to the above, 1,000 Carolina poplar cuttings were
planted and 3 pounds of white pine seed were sown in the nursery bed.
In May, 1913, 5,000 white pine were planted. To date the total num-
ber of seedlings planted within this forest is as follows:

White pine, ^^^^

Red oak, ^^^

American elm, 200

Carolina poplar, ••• ^^^^

Total, 37,100

The red oak and American elm above mentioned were a remnant of
a previous shipment held over the winter. They did not do well
upon transplanting and the probabilities are they may fail altogether.

Sample Plots.

One small experimental plantation has been made on a burned
area.

/

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

Labor.

287

A nine-hour day costs at the rate of 20 cents per hour,
with driver from 13.50 to $4.00 per day.

Team

The sale

Markets.

The nearest market is 16 miles, over indifferent roads,
of products is not advisable.

Forest Fires.

During 1912, 7 different forest fires burned in this region. Three
of them were upon State and private lands, and 4 of them exclusively
upon private lands. The fire of May 4th covered 500 acres of State
land ; that of May 21st, 200 acres ; that of November 21st, 900 acres.
In the first and second fires young saplings were killed and the
forest floor destroyed. The third fire killed some of the young
growth but burned only the upper layer of the humus. The origin of
all the fires is unknown.

In 1913, forest fire was confined to an area of 225 acres. One new-
observatory station 38 leet high was built. It cost $50.62.

Insects and Fungi.

The white pine weevil and a leaf eating worm on the pin oak are
prevalent. Chestnut blight exists throughout the area.

Outing and Recreation.

Permanent camp sites within this forest will be numbered from
2701 to 2799 inclusive. Twelv6 camps were erected during the open
season of 1913. Ten deer were taken on or near State land. Birds
and other game are not plentiful. Fishing is good and large catches
have been made.

Lightning Report.

The trees struck and shattered by lightning during 1912 are as
follows :

♦J

00

,

0

►.

U

wm

o

9

<

o
H

Pitch pine,
Chestnut, .
White oak.

Total,

1

•

10

t

1

f
t

21

\\'f

19

288 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc

So far as known, no trees were ignited by the current.
During 1913, 18 trees were struck by lightning during the month
of August, as follows:

ritch pine, ^^

White pine, ^

White oak, 1

18

No. 26,

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

289

18. THE Ml^'lSlNK FOKEST, POCONO DIVISION.

into private ownership and consequently into private use. An area,
including the lake, has been fenced in as a deer preserve. This
cuts off an old road wiiich was formerly used as a fire lane and
an entrance into the back country. However, a fire lane is main-
tained a^-ound the entire inclosure, which will be a help in preventing
the spread of fires in that region. The new owner is not only careful
in the use of his own property, but is interested in protecting ad-
joining areas from fires. The many hunting clubs owning private
preserves in this region may become of great use in the
State's work, since co-operation between them and the forest officers
will result in a working plan and a mutual understanding of what
is desired to be done. They are, of course, most interested in their
own holdings; but to a hunting and recreation club the woods are
of as great use as to the one who employs them only for the produc-
tion of timber. The idea of forest protection is, therefore, being ex-
tended for the benefit of all who are interested.

Forester, John L. Strobeck, Cresco.

Forest Rangers:

Stewart Albert, Cresco.

Martin Cortright,* Hunters Kange.

The Pocono division comprises 1(),05G acres in Pike county and
(;,1G8 in Monroe. On September 1, 1913, H. F. Critchley was as-
signed as forester to the Hunters Kange region for temporary service.
Later on he was removed to his present station.

The boundary survey is not complete. Possibly one-half of it re-
mains to be determined dehnitely. Seven miles of the boundary have
been bruslied out. The material removed was one-year and two-year
growth. The experience is that it pays to brush the lines every year.
The surveyed portion of the line Is well marked and painted.

There is no portion of the forest with a density of 50% or over.
Two thousand acres liave a scattered stand of mature and hyper-
mature pitch pine, ranging in density from 10% to 50%, in Pike
county. This pine is old and fire scarred, and may well be removed.
Further delay in marketing is a loss. Eight hundred acres of the
division are covered with brush and very little of it will be re-
forested naturally. About 10 acres of the forest are open and plant-
ing can be done with little difficulty. With proper improvement
cutting practically this whole forest will regenerate itself naturally.
Water covers 50 acres, roads and trails 117 miles, fire lanes 32
miles.

The Cortright property in l*orter township, containing what is
known as Twelve-Mile Pond, a fine body of water, has been sold

•lU-Hlgncd Sei»t«inber 30, 1913.

Springs and Streams.

The principal springs in the forest have been cleaned, marked,
and made accessible; one for the purpose of affording a watering
place along the Porter township road; another, the Laurel spring,
for fire lighting purposes.

Springs in this region are not numerous. The area is underlaid
with hard pan clay, and most of the springs, it seems, find their
(nigin above the clay. The country abounds in swamps and the flow
of many springs may be traced thereto. There is little danger of
contamination owing to the lack of industries within the region. The
only possible source is from camps.

Diuinjr the extreme drought of summer, the stream flow varies.
Many become almost dry which at other seasons of the year are full
and rather regular. Saw Creek, a trout stream in Porter township,
was dry for a greater part of its course. The pools were the only
refuge of the trout.

Buildings and Repairs.

A new residence and headciuarters for the forester were built
during 1912. Some fencing took in the yard, fields, and garden.

What is known as the Whitaker place, a ranger's home within
the State Forest, is in need of repair. The house is small and in-
convenient and it is questionable whether it would not be cheaper
in the end to reconstruct the buildings.

Two cabins were built during 1913, for the accommodation of
the forest staff.

19—26—1915

^

290

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

The beginning of a proposed telephone line was made in 1912, the
poles being taken out for that purpose. In 1913, the Department
assisted in the building of a telephone line connected with the Bell
system, running from Porters Lake to Stroudsburg. The line was
built from forester's headquarters to Kock Ledge, a distance of 2 J
miles, and there connected with the Cresco and Greentown line, a
mutual company. The total cost of the new buildings at the forest-
er's headquarters, including the time of the forester and his rangers,
which amounted to 2,836i hours, was $5,400.11.

Roads.

A good road through this region for the use of the rural delivery
post route is highly essential. The character of the roads at pres-
ent is such as to prevent the establishment of such route. A petition
has been prepared to the postal authorities for such service.

One mile of road was rebuilt in the southern division in 1912.
The work included the removal of stones, widening of the drive,
opening of the drainage gutters, and rounding up the surface.
Boundary lines and interior lines swve as bases for fire fighting, '
and were likewise improved and extended over a distance of about

13 miles.

A total road mileage of 27.3 miles was improved during 1913.
The local road supervisors did not do their duty with respect to
public roads in the State Forest.

Easements.

During 1913, a new public road was laid out through a portion
(,f the forest, and the Department waived all damages. It welcomed
the road in the position it was put as it gives a new outlet to
market.

Minerals.

A good quality of flag stone is found within the State Forest,
and prior to the time when the Commonwealth acquired title, stone
quarrying was a regular industrty. The price of the stone gradually
declined, and this together with the long haul to market, has for
the present made it an unprofitable undertaking.

Seed Collection.

A small quantity of seeds was gathered during the season for
special purposes, from 4 to 8 ounces of each kind being taken. The

No. 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. 291

species collected were sumac, black oak, yellow poplar, rhododendron,
mountain laurel, azalea, witch hazel, wild indigo. The collection
was sent to the Department at Harrisburg for addition to seed ex-
hibit.

Plantations.

A small plantation of 5,000 3-year old white pines was made in
1912 for the purpose of an experiment. In each clump of sprouts,
all but one or two were removed. The idea was to have the strength
of the stump enter the remaining sprouts, driving them up rapidly
and thus get an area partly shaded within which the young white
pines might be able to thrive, this method of preparing the area
for planting being much cheaper than an entire removal of sprouts
and stumps. The result was that the stumps produced other sprouts
than those which were intended to remain, and if the plantation
is to be a success, a sprout thinning must be made.

An existing plantation was strengthened by using 1,100 white pine
transplants. These were the remnant left in the nursery from a
larger stand of the previous year. A few catalpas, at least 60 in
number, were grown from seed and are not doing well.

Planting in 1913 used 1,500 Norway spruce, 2-year old seedlings.

The total area of forest land planted to date with seeds and
seedlings is 7 acres. The plantings have been as follows :

White pine seed, 1 pound

Scotch pine seed, 1 pound

White pine seedlings, 16,100

Norway spruce, 2,500

Catalpa, 60

Total, 18,660

Nurseries.

Two small nurseries within this State Forest have been estab-
lished, the Whitaker nursery in the spring of 1911, and the Albert
nursery in the spring of 1910. At first of small size, the area was
increased during 1912 to 1,125 lineal feet of 4-ft. wide beds. An
inventory of seedlings then present showed the following stock on
hand :

White pine, 2 years, 4,000

White pine, 1 year, 74,000

Norway spruce, 2 years, 3,000

Douglas fir, 1 year, 4,000

85,000

I

292

REPORT OF THR

Off. Doc.

No. 26.

Twenty pounds of white pine and one pound of Douglas fir were
used for the year's planting.

The soil, in this nursery is found to be too poor, and the nursery
was abandoned in 101 :5. The reason for so doing is the poor soil,
lack of water supply, and uncertain labor. At the end of the 1913
growing season, however, it contained the following seedlings, 3,400
of which will be used for the 1914 planting:

White pine, 2 years.

White pine, 1-1 years.

White pine, 2-1 years,

Norway spruce, 1-1 years,

Norway spruce, 2-1 years,

Douglas fir, 2 years.

14,300
6,990
3,000
3,760
1,400
2,400

Total,

31,850

The Albert nursery consists of about 150 lineal feet of 4-ft. wide
beds. An inventory of its products in 1912 shows the following:

Black walnut, 1 vear, ... 60

White pine, 1

Norway spruce,

Norway spruce,

Scotch pine, 2

year, . . .
year, . . .
years, . .
years, tr.
years, . .

1,000

1 1 ,000

1 ,000

1,000

Total,

24,060

This nursery, being located on private property, will be abandoned
when the present stock reaches planting size. The inventory at tlu-
end of 1913 shows the following seedlings:

White pine, 1-1 years,

Norway spruce, 1-1 years,

Norway spruce, 2-1 years,

Norway spruce, 3 years,

Scotch pine, 3 years.

Black walnut, 2 years.

Black walnut, 1 year,

1,664

500

3,275

11,000

13,500

33

40

Total,

30,012

Sample Plots.

A 2-acre [)lantation was established in 1912 to determine the
tolerance of white june. The time is too recent to report on the
success or failure of the experiment.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

Labor.

2d3

As in many other forests, labor in this region is scarce. For-
tunately no large force of men is required at present. The important
improvement was the enlargement of forest headquarters, and this
required skilled rather than unskilled labor.

The prevaling price is 17^ cents per hour, and teams receive from
13.50 to 14.00 per day. During the summer or boarding-house sea-
son, there is a tendency to raise wages. A permanent labor force
is a future necessity.

Improvement Cuttings.

Improvement cutting was carried on during 1913 on warrant 64.
Such material was removed as encumbered the ground. Another
improvement was undertaken on warrant 169 to remove 50% blight
killed chestnut. Blight killed timber was also removed from warrant
188 and elsewhere where found.

Market Conditions.

The bulk of the timber going out of this region is for mines. It
consists of what is known as mine timber, mine props, mine ties,
and a small amount of saw timber, s])rags, and lagging. A number
of telephone poles are likewise produced. Oak and chestnut are
the species yielding the greatest quantity. Utilization is close when
the tract is near the railroad. Cord wood may be cut and hauled
at a profit when selling at $2.25 per cord. Mine props are taken
down to 6 inches at the small end, and ties and cord wood are
made from what remains. There is a continued demand for the
above material and the whole region may be said to be pre-eminently
a mine supply timber store house. To show something of the needs
of the nearest coal mines, one near Wilkes-Barre requires 24 car
loads of props of all sizes per month and in all the mines owned
by this company, 158 car loads of props from 7 inches to 18 inches
in diameter are used every month along with the necessary quantity
of mine ties, lagging, rails, and sprags. When one considers the
numbers of operating collieries, the demand for mine timber is of
huge proportion.

As a result of the demand, the price of mine timber has risen.
The Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Bailroad is the largest pur-
chaser in the region, and the following i)rices prevail, the figures
ii; the first column showing the prices paid by dealers who sell to

I?

^

Off. Doc.

294 REPORT OF THE

the railroad, while those in the second column are the prices paid
by the railroad directly to the produrc;'.

Mine props, 6 in. dia. small end, $17 00 per M. lineal ft $20 00 per M.

Mine ties, 5' x 4 x4 , n 00 ner M ... 12 00 per M.

Sprags, iiwperivi.,

No. 26.

llaUroad ties, 8i' x 7" x 7"
White oak or rock oak.

Chestnut,

Oak ties for treatment,
ilroad ties, 8i' x 7" x 6

70 each,
50 each ,
60 eacn.

Ra

62 eacU,
45 each,
55 each,

50 each,
30 each,
30 each,
30 each.

80 each
55 each
65 each

70 each
50 each
60 each

55 each
35 each
35 each

White oak or rock oak.

Chestnut,

Oak ties for treatment,

Railroad ties 8i' x 6" x 6"

White oak or rock oak,

Chestnut,

Oak ties for treatment,

7-ft. trolley ties, i' ■■'•■•■'•: "%:•

"LWend"''' ' "''' .'^: 18 00 por M. lineal ft.

HrpKmapie'o';;::::::::::: 'Tvll\i ^~

Sprag timber in the pole, H 00 per M . sprags .

Mine ties 5' x 5" x 5^^, 08 each

During 1912, other operations being pending, little utilization was
carried on. No point of the State Forest is nearer than 6 miles to
the railroad, and most of the timberland is at greater distances. One
trip a day may be made with teams, and timber down to 5 inches
is capable of being utilized. Operations thus far have shown a pro-
fit. If labor conditions continue as at present and the roads are
improved, a considerable quantity of material now on the State land
should be removed for the good of the woods.

The same outrageous rates still prevail over the Delaware Valley
Kailroad from Bushkill to Stroudsburg, a distance of 12 miles. To
move a car of mine ties it charges $9.50, sawed lumber $10.50, 6
inch props $6.00, 7 inch props $7.00, 9 inch props $9.00, railroad
ties 3 cents each. A much wider market range would be afforded
us if the rates on this little road were fairer. In contrast with the
Delaware Valley, the D. L. & W. buys and pays for everything f.
o. b. cars per unit of measurement, and removes the whole problem
of freight charges. Owing to the presence of the chestnut bark dis-
ease, there is an over supply of mine timbers. Everyone is dis
posing of his chestnut in the most rapid manner.

Erosion.

But little erosion is found within this State Forest. Sprout
growth is vigorous and is a continual impediment to the action
of the rains at nearly all times. On a few hills there are different
conditions, and where growth has been cleared off down to what i-?
called a sprag size, some evidence of erosion is seen during the first
year, but a year's growth of sprouts speedily corrects the trouble.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

Insects and Fungi.

295

The pin oaks throughout this region have nearly all been killed
by the attacks of the leaf blister. This tree is in mixture through-
out the entire region, occasionally up to 50%, and the stand is
nearly annihilated.

The pine weevil is present and a number of infected shoots have
been cut out and destroyed. The chestnut bark disease is present
juid is the most serious problem. At least 50% of the chestnut
stand on State land is infected, and since chestnut forms 50% of the
total stand, the damage is evident.

Forest Fires.

This division suffered severely from fire during 1912. There are
V.0 nearby railroads. From the location, the conclusion is reached
that fires are started by persons frequenting the region, and many
of them are believed to be incendiary. There are still present some
persons in this neighborhood who claim that great advantages accrue
from burning the woods. The difficulty in these woods, as else-
where, is too few persons for protective purposes. The rangers are
but two in number and at distances from each other. By the time
they can reach fires, usually they are well started. The disposition,
likewise, on the part of the few remaining people to burn out the
thickest and best of the woods in order to improve the deer shooting,
is one of the problems facing the Department.

There are 4 observatory stations and they serve their purpose well.
The forester has completed what he calls a fire warden's outfit,
consisting of a coat with water bag attachments, rakes, and buckets,
all incorporated in the makeup. It is believed this apparatus will
assist in extinguishing many incipient fires.

Mr. John Mack, the owner of Hunters Range, including the Twelve-
Mile pond, has placed at the disposal of the forester an automobile,
to be used in case of fire, and the transportation thus furnished is
not to be confined to fires on State land. His men are also at the
service of the Department free of charge. His interestedness in
I)ieventing fire is of great advantage and his co-operation highly
appreciated.

During 1912, 5 fires are reported, all in Porter township, Pike
county, and covering an aggregate area of 360 acres of State land
and 560 acres of private land.

In 1913, fires were numerous. Seven distinct fires occurred
throughout the season, 6 of which burned on State land over an area
uf 193 acres. The organization of a compact fire fighting force has

I

111

296

REPOKT OF THE

Off. Doc

been made and will produce good future effect. Lookouts are main-
tained during the danger seasons from the fire towers. The ar-
rangement which the State has with th'e Pocono Protective Fire
Association is likely to give good results and the appointment of
the forester on this division as District Forester for Monroe county,
is assisting very greatly in eimbling us to comprehend and meet
the entire tire situation.

Outing and Recreation.

The Department granted 1) camping permits for this region during
1912, and the conduct of the campers while on State land was en-
tirely satisfactory. The reports of the season show that 15 deer
were killed in the State forest and vicinity. This is a small num-
ber compared with former years and when the number of hunters:
in the woods is considered. There were no tracking snows during the
(»l)en season and this no doubt contributed to the small number

taken.

Seven camping permits were issued in 1913 to a total of 47 per-
sons. Deer are increasing in number, although fewer were taken in
19i:] than in 1912. Small game is abundant.

Trout fishing is still a familiar recreation and Mud Pond is a
good open fishing ground. The number of fishermen is very great.

All camp sites in this forest will be numbered from 2901 to 2999
inclusive. Thus far 11 sites have been prepared, numbered, and
posted.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

297

19. THE MINISINK FOREST, PROMISED LAND DIVISION.

Forester, Milton O. Robinson,* Canadensis.
Forest Ranger, Edgar Wilson, Canadensis.

The Promised Land division of this forest was erected only in
the latter part of 1912, and Forester Robinson assigned to it Sep-
tember 1st. His report of activities is necessarily meagre. A part
of the work on the division, to-wit, the plantation work, will be
found in the report of John E. Avery, forester on the Notch Division.

For convenience of administration, the Promised Land Division
is sub-divided into Promised Land and Blooming Grove, the former
comprising lands in Palmyra and Greene townships, and the latter
lands in Palmyra and Blooming Grove townships.

The boundary survey is complete and all lines are brushed and
painted. The total length of boundary is 31 miles. The area of
the forest at present is 10,520 acres, with but 100 acres of open
ground. That having a density of 50% and over is about 6,000 acres,
of which 3,000 are in need of im[)rovement. Eight hundred acres
are approximateJy mature timber. The large scattered trees, chiefly
the pines, are interfering with the growth of the younger material.
The area having a density of from 10% to 50% is 1,900 acres, con-
sisting chiefly of hardwoods, chestnut, oak, and maple. Less than
100 acres is brush land, and all of it will be naturally reforested
v/ith protection. The water area is 1,500 acres. It includes 2 ponds,
G swamps, 8 streams, and 5 springs. Roads and trails occupy 75
acres, boundary lines and fire lines 115 acres.

Springs and Streams.

The continuous springs have been opened, walled, and made ac-
cessible. Streams vary in volume according to season. There is
no danger of contamination. >,; -..

tSd

Buildings and Repairs.

All buildings are in good condition, but in need of paint. The
construction of a forester's office was begun in 1913. There are no
fences except around the premises occupied by the ranger at Promise(J
Land Pond. Three and a half miles of telephone lines have been
built. The Dei)artment also has the use of two miles of local line
in return for furnishing some poles to help build it.

•Uoslgnod October 1. 1913.

208

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

Koads.

In 1912 the only road work accomplished was the brushing out
of 5 miles of old road. The road system in the division is reasonably
good. The two forest roads within the division are 23 miles long,
in addition to the township roads. Eight and a half miles were
opened and repaired during 1913. All were old lumber roads which
were brushed and cleaned out for the lirst time since they were
abandoned.

Plantations.

The division has 12 acres of planted area, principally white pine.
Two additional plantations were made in 1913, using white pine and
white ash. This planting covers 7 J acres, making a total approxi-
mating 20 acres. The following seedlings were planted :

White pine, 2-1 years, . . . 10,000

American ash, 1 year, 9,150

Willow cuttings, 296

19,446

Sample Plots.

Two small experimental plantations are being studied. One is
the dynamited area, mentioned elsewhere in this report. The other
is^ a plantation of willow cuttings in two plots containing a total
cf 296 cuttings.

Labor.

A charge of 20 cents per hour is made for labor in this region.
Double team with driver costs $3.50 per day. There is at all times
a scarcity of labor in this part of Pike county. When the summer
colony appears, labor is eagerly sought for and higher wages are of-
fered for the limited time the service is needed than the Department
has been accustomed to pay. To meet the situation the Department
must be prepared to meet all conditions if it is to have a regular
supply of labor when there is need for it.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

Market Conditions.

299

At present the market in this region is poor, the matter of trans-
portation being solely by team over the public roads. The distance
to the nearest railroad is 14 miles. There is sale for nothing but
sawed lumber.

Insects and Fungi.

The division has suffered greatly from the attack of the chestnut
bark disease. The white pine weevil is prevalent and the pin oaks
are being destroyed by the attack of another insect.

Forest Fires.

There were no forest fires on this division during 1912. But two
fires burned upon State land during 1913, covering 200 acres. Two
hundred and fifty acres of private land burned. The loss was severe
and the origin unknown. Two fire towers have been erected and
one tree-lookout. Telephone lines connect the towers.

Outing and Recreation.

Six camps were erected within the forest during 1912, affording
accommodations for 35 campers. So far as known, but 3 deer were

taken on State land.

Twenty-five camping parties were within the division during 1913.
Fishing generally is good in the ponds and streams. A great many
hundreds of people, chiefly fishermen, come for a day only. By
actual count nearly 1,200 persons availed themselves of the use of
this part of the State Forest for outing, hunting, fishing, and gen-
eral recreation during the year.

/ :.

Ill 4

i

4

I

Improvement Cuttings.

* One cutting is in progress but not sufficiently advanced. Some
hypermature hemlocks and spruce, with scattered pine, are being
removed from a swamp. No other improvement work has been done
except the removal of dead material.

300

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

20. THE McCLUEE FOREST.

Forester, John L. Witlierow, East Waterford.
Forest Kanger, G. Frank Mohler,* Honey Grove.

The McClure State Forest is named in honor of Hon. Alexander
K. McClure, and is situate in the extreme southwestern corner of
l*erry county, in the townships of Jackson and Toboyne. The region
is one of deep, narrow valh^s having the same general direction.
These are nearly surrounded by great mountains and valley ridges
giving the country a rough contour, and making access to the inclosed
settlements and the interior of the region very difficult. On account
o^ this condition and other greater agricultural disadvantages, the
area covered by the several interior settlements has been decreasing
ininually for a number of years, and it is generally conceded that
the greater portion of the land once occupied will again be given
over to forest growth.

The land touching the outer boundary of the forest is generally
(oveie<l with forest growth for some distance, but beyond this on
all sides is an agricultural region having populous settlements, and
industries more or less ])rosperous according to the distribution of
lesources, and the available means of transportation.

Lumbering of the present area of i'^yi)i)l^ acres comprising the forest,
was first begun about 1870, by annual winter cutting of only the
finest specimens of valuable species. Water-power saw mills were
set up in the interior along the forest streams to cut out construc-
tion timbers from white oak and white pine, and the hemlock was
cut chiefly to produce bark for the small tanneries nearby. At the
time of these operations railroads were twenty miles distant, clear
cutting was little practiced, and no great inroads were made upon
the forest until 1880, when steam mills and circular saws were
brought into practice, clear cutting all growth then merchantable
on certain tracts. These methods were continued from 1880 to 1891,
in which time a^ large area was cut clear and much of the remainder
was thinned of its best growth. Following these operations, little
cutting was done until a railroad was built into the interior in
1905 to facilitate a speedy, general lumbering of the entire area.
This was carried forward until 1909, when on account of conditions
unsatisfactory to the lumbermen, the work was stopped before being
fully completed, leaving a considerable area upon which no cutting
has been done for about 30 years.

♦I?f signed September 30, 1913.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

301

The comparatively good condition of the forest at present is due
chiefly to the infrequency of forest fires, and to the difficult and
costly transportation in early lumbering.

In 1910, the State came into possession of this region and fires
have been completely suppressed since that time.

The forest staff has never consisted of more than one ranger and
the forester. One ranger was employed for the first nine months
of 1913, but during the last three months the work was carried on
without assistance A labor force of four to six men has also been
employed more regularly this year with fairly good results.

Under present conditions unfavorable for work, all operations are
carried forward only with maximum effort and it is difficult
to maintain a high standard of efficiency among laborers, or to carry
out any systematic program of operations. The length and topog-
raphy of the tract, poor roads, and a scarcity of laborers, all con-
tribute to this undesirable situation. Conditions would be improved
by a good road system, but at present without telephones or any
other means of communication, it is difficult for one or two men to
carry on steady operations, in addition to the purely administrative
and protective work connected with the forest. The value of the
orowth and land under management is sufficient to permit the regular
employment of two rangers.

The boundary survey is unfinished, although 35 miles of lines
have been established and marked by blazing and stone corners. All
have been reblazed and painted. The total boundary line is 43J miles.
The area comprising the McClure forest contains 6,093 acres, pur-
chased in 1910. There is no virgin growth except a few over-mature
chestnut and rock oak. Eight hundred acres are covered with a
stand near maturity. One-half of this is thin. It includes chestnut,
rock oak, red oak, black oak, and white oak, some yellow poplar,
white pine, and locust. Much of it is short, crooked, and branchy.
Two thousand three hundred acres are covered with a growth having
a density of about 50%; 1,300 acres are not in need of improve-
ment. The remaining thousand acres require improvement cutting.
A density of from 10% to 50% is found on 2,200 acres, carrying
about the same species above mentioned. Nearly every portion of
this area is being reforested naturally. A worthless growth of
damaged trees and shrubs covers 338 acres. Natural regeneration
is good on 200 acres of this area. Cleared land throughout th^
forest amounts to about 200 acres. It must be cleaned before plant-
ing. The remaining 255 acres of the forest area is taken up with
200 acres of rocky surface, 15 acres of water, 39 acres of roads
and trails, and one acre of fire laue.

i

IV.

302 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.

Springs and Streams.

The surface rock in this region being sandstone, a number of fine
springs at the base of the steep mountain slopes and some on more
elevated land are found. The flow is regular and they receive little
or no surface water and are the best springs in all this region
of the State. Since lumbering has ceased the small springs in
the bottom of the valley are not in good condition. The flow varies
since the removal of forest cover, and some have been filled with wash
{^.nd slashings. Twenty of the springs have thus far been cleaned
iind improved. A number of mineral springs are found rising from
the deep strata, and contain principally sulphur and magnesia.
The taste and odor of the water are not agreeable until one becomes
accustomed to it. The water from the mineral springs is pure and
cold and not subject to contamination. '^Lost'^ springs are recovered
occasionally.

There are 4 main water courses within this forest. Laurel Run,
Blain Run, Kansas Creek, and Horse Valley Creek. The streams are
tree from sand and the flow is reasonably constant except in ex-
treme drought or a season of rapidly melting snow. At present
Flight contamination from the old lumbering sites and the valley
settlements is present. Laurel Run and Blain Run are more con-
stant in flow and are not subject to the contamination which at
present affects the other two.

Buildings and Repairs.

This State Forest contains 2 small farms, the buildings on which
were dilapidated and poor. Repairs were made during 1913 so as
to make the buildings usable for State purposes. Fences were re-
paired, obnoxious weeds and brush cut and removed from around the
buildings, and a cleared area established around them. Both farms
at present are occupied by tenants.

Two long distance telephone lines cross the State land from east
to west, and the Ohio Oil Company's line crosses the central portion
near East Waterford. Another pipe line passes over the northern
extremity of Liberty Valley. Both pipe lines are such that they
lire useful in forest management, and if extra wires could be strung
along them, would be of much use in administration.

Roads.

The roads in this forest area are in poor condition throughout the
year. Grades are bad and proper drainage is lacking. It is a
fact that a 2-horse team can earn for its owner but f 1.25 per day

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

303

in hauling loads over these roads in \vinter. The marketing of all
products and the cost of reserve operation, it will be seen, are directly
dependent upon the road condition.

The above applies more particularly to the township roads. There
has never been sufiicient money available from any source to keep
them in good repair. Those within the State Forest are in better
condition, but not yet entirely satisfactory. Some must be re-lo-
cated and are simply being kept in repair because needed. A new
road system already planned will reduce the number of minor roads
and of public roads. When once in good repair transportation by
team will not be difficult or expensive.

The total number of miles of old roads which have been im-
l)roved is 13 miles. In addition to this, 1 mile of special fire lane
lias been constructed.

Easements.

The Ohio Oil Co. owns a right of way 20 feet wide through the
central portion of the forest east and west. The company main
tains a narrow path 3 feet wide in good condition for travel, but
this affords little use in fire protection.

Minerals.

So far as known, valuable minerals or other products have never
been mined in commercial quantities from any land now included
ir. the forest or anywhere in the immediate territory. However, it
appears that old settlers believed there were valuable deposits aiid
did much prospecting, while present inhabitants still hold to this
idea. It is not known just exactly what gave rise to this belief,
and one might easily conclude that it was poor agricultural pos-
sibilities.

Without regard to any mining history one thing is true of the
region : That the geological structure is a peculiar one, and which,
it seems, has not been explained to the satisfaction of all geologists.
Some authorities have come into the region at different times to
study it for themselves.

About the year 1900, a stock organization was formed known as
the Union Oil and Gas Co. This company was supported in part
by local capital, and extensive operations were carried on for some
time in an endeavor to locate oil and gas in the Tuscarora valley,
at points not far distant from the forest boundary. During the
.progress of the work three wells were drilled to depths ranging from
'i;000 to 2,600 feet, and natural gas seems to have :been- tapped l;>y two
^f th^de .well». This was an event causing: much i^xcitement,capi-

20

*

304

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

i

talists from a distance were favorably impressed, and land for miles
around was leased for the oil and gas rights, but the work was
continued for some time with poor results, and after some mis-
management of the company's affairs the project was abandoned with-
out anything resulting from it.

During the past two years a corporation has been trying to locate
beds of iron ore on an adjoining tract, at great expense. So far
no large quantities have been found, but the outcome of the work is
being watched with interest, since it is believed that this will de-
termine the extent and practicability of mining operations for a
long time to come.

Seed Collection.

There are not many good seed trees in this forest, and good see<l
crops, therefore, are not to be expected. The scattered situation of
the trees makes seed collection too costly except when it may be
gathered during the progress of improvement work. To test the
cost of seed gathering, one pound of white pine seed was collected
during the fall of 1912, but the cost of getting it amounted to
^.57, a price at least three times too great. Six bushels of rock
oak and 3i bushels of white oak acorns were likewise collected. The
former were of good quality but the latter worthless. All were
used in plantations.

Plantations.

The number of seedling trees planted during 1912 was 25,000
white pine, and the total number of seedlings planted to date within
this forest area is 00,000 white pine, covering 18 acres.

The growth is thirfty, ranging in height from 5 to 18 inches.
Since reinforcing, less than 1% of the total planting has failed.
In addition to the above, 9^ acres have been planted with 6 bushels
of rock oak and 3^ bushels of white oak acorns. The long drought
prevented rapid gro\vth of the oaks, but at the end of the season
they had an average height of 4 inches with 05% stand.

Labor.

Labor costs from 13 cents to 16 cents per hour, most of it 15
cents. Occasionally 16 cents per hour must be paid. Extensive
operations demand the bringing of men from a distance, as the
local supply is not suflQcient. Two-horse teams with driver cost from
30 cents to 32 cents per hour. The price usually demanded is 40
cents, During the height of the farming season it is scarcely pos-

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

305

II

sible to find a team available anywhere. Since the lumber industry
has disappeared, those formerly engaged in the business of teaming,
have abandoned it.

The quality of the labor which offers is below the average usually
found in our forested regions, and increase of wages does not seem
to bring increase in efficiency. The reserve distances are such that
it is inconvenient at times for men to live at their homes and reach
Iheir daily work where operations are carried on. For this reason
ir is necessary to have permanent reserve camps where men may
be accommodated.

Market Conditions.

Local markets are poor. The lumbering industries nearby supply
the local demand and the balance goes into distant markets. Rail-
road ties, pulp wood, locust pin wood, hickory handle wood, chestnut
staves, and chestnut and yellow pine mine props are called for but
are not used locally. The best standard railroad ties sell for 65
cents. The market for extract wood has been destroyed by increased
freight rates by the local railroad. Delivered at the road it sells
for from $4.00 to |8.00 per cord. Locust for pin wood is worth
fi'om 15.50 to 16.50 per cord. Select hickory for handle making is
in demand at |12.00 per cord but is not profitable because of the
v/ant of close utilization.

For paper wood the market will accept beech, birch, poplar, black
willow, pitch pine, -yellow pine, and maple. It is worth from $4.50
lo $7.00 per cord, but must be peeled and counted 160 feet to the
( ord. The demand for paper wood is increasing and the price will
likely rise.

Of the hickories, not all species are accepted, and the material use:|
consists of the butt cuts, which must be free of knots or other defects
and from 50 to 52 inches long. For this material there is a good
demand at |12.00 per cord. Since a close utilization of tlie tree is not
made, the price would not average much greater than some of the
other woods.

The demand for chestnut and pine stock for slack cooperage staves
is good. An operator must have an equipment of his own to produce
this material, but the mills in the region are not often in want of raw
material.

Transportation facilities are not good, but with better roads, lum-
bering could be carried on with more profit. The main outlets from
this forest are north and west. The whole product must pass over
one railroad and three public roads. When the forest is sufficiently
opene<l and roads improved, a large quantity of products from this
area can be moved at a profit.

20--2&— 1915

I '

I

■' I

No. 26.

306

REPORT OF THE

Erosion.

Off. Doc.

No serious erosion is occurring in most parts of this forest. The
brush cover supplies a fairly good forest mulch, and the looseness
of the soil and underlying rocks permits rapid absorption and perco-
lation of the water. There are numerous small drainage basins and
ii sudden large flow of water does not occur. Where the forest stancJ
is thin and the humus nearly wanting, the high absorptive capacity
of the coarse soil takes up the larger part of the rains. Under the
old agricultural methods in the region, erosion on cultivated laud
was common, even though it had a low gradient. With the abandon-
ing of these poor lands and the growing up to a brush cover, erosion
is disappearing even from them.

Insects and Fungi.

The chestnut blight is present and probably 35 per cent, of the
chestnut stand is infected. The cutting out of diseased trees has been
carried on systematically. The resulting material where marketable
is sold. A total of 2,437 infected trees has thus far been destroyed.

Private owners did not pursue the disease with the same vigor
that was used within the State Forest. Many are not in financial
condition to undertake the work at all, so that delay has ensued and
infections have spread. It is useless for'a few to destroy the disease
if others will maintain propagating beds without any effort to eradi-
cate. ^

The white pine weevil has appeared and has done considerable
damage to some of the young pines. It attacks also the pitch pine.
In some stands nearly all the terminal shoots have been killed and
some of the trees have assumed a low and irregular form of crown
growth. If their attacks continue it will be necessary to undertake
the destruction of the broods.

Forest Fires.

Only one fire occurred in the State Forest during 1912, although
there were three in privately owned tracts nearby, and all were caused
by hunters. The area of State land burned was trifling and the dam-
age may be placed at almost nothing. The area of private land
burned in the other fires does not extend in the aggregate to more
than one-eighth of an acre.

But one fire occurred during 1913 within this forest, covering not
more than 1-12 of an acre, and was started by tramps, There is a
growing sentiment in the region against forest fires. ' ^

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

Trespass.

307

There are not many violations of the forest laws in this region,
but the game and fish laws are frequently not observed. Several such
latter offences were committed during the year. As they usually
take place at night and at a distance off in the forest, the guilty per-
sons are never known.

One case of trespass was settled in 1913, where a lumberman mis-
takenly cut over State boundary and took a few trees.

The grazing of stock has caused some trouble in the State Forest,
but the damage was very slight. The cattle occasionally break away
and enter the State land before the owners can round them up. For-
merly many persons used the area now embraced in the State Forest as
{? public grazing ground, but nearly all who have cattle have receded
from their position on this question and observe the rule respecting
grazing.

Outing and Recreation.

This forest area is chiefly used for hunting purposes. Most of the
hunters prefer to live in the farmers' houses and do their hunting in
the nearby region. Those who come from the cities and from a dis-
tance are known to violate the rules with the least hesitancy. Their
habit is to leave their dogs with farmers over the closed season, and
because of the half-starved condition to which these dogs are reduced,
they roam in the woods in search of game at all times.

This region is used by almost no one except hunters. Nearly all
these stay with farmers and hunt during the day on State land.No
permits are, therefore, required. Game has been abundant but the
woods are over-crowded with hunters. 20 camp sites have been lo-
cated near good sp^-ings. All are marked and numbered. All camp
sites within this forest will be numbered from 2,501 to 2,599 inclu-
sive. The mineral springs at the Hockenberry farm attract a number
of visitors. With better means of ingress, there is promise of greater
usefulness of these lands for recreation in the future. There are
many places of great natural beauty and the landscape is highly di-
versified. The Alcorn buildings are believed to be the site of the
first settlement by white men in the region. The first mail route
from Perry county to the west and northwest was through this forest,
nnd a portion oi this route is now developed as a main forest road.

Good trout fishing is found in the forest streams, but the fish stock
has run down rapidly and the streams need stocking.

The Hockenberry farm is used as an outing ground, and at least
200 peisons during 1913 visited it for the sake of a day in the woods
jnid the use of water from the mineral springs. Snow and ice i.nder

if

308

REPORT OF THR

Off. Doc.

the dense hemlock groups in the gorges do not disappear until May.
The views to be had from the high points in the mountain are un-
usually good. The diversity of landscape may be said to be unsur
passed.

Lightning Report.
Trees struck and shattered during the year are as follows:

•^

XI.

•

t».

U

e:

c

i-s

<

i-

ClH'Htnuf. ..
Hofk oak, .
IUu<;k oak, .
Sour Kuiu. .
l{('«i niaplo,
Yj'IIow i»iiHr,
White pine,

Total,

i 11

7
1

4

1

1

2

2

1 1

2

1 1

i

15
8
2
2
2
8
2

34

No trees were ignited after being struck.

Twenty-three of the above trees struck in June were killed and
all stood ui)on one-tentli of an acre. The killing of these trees re-
sulted from two strokes. It is not unusual to see groups of 5 or 10
trees killed by a single stroke. It is found that more trees are struck
on elevated land than those which stand in the valleys.

During 191»5, 17 trees were struck and shattered, the periods of
fre^iuency being

June, 2

July, *. . 13

August, 2

Total, 17

The species struck were:

V^l-i.\^iS L tl U Ltt •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

X (?J.lLr fV LIXU\?« •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

White pine,

Sour gum,

Red oak,

.. . Total,

7

3
3
1
1

2

17

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

309

21. THE HOPKINS FOREST, McELHATTAN DIVISION.

Forester, Joseph R. Hogentogler, Rosecrans.

Forest Rangers:

Adam Kamp, Lock Haven.
Henry M. Jameson, Loganton.

The McElhattan Division of this forest is situate in the south-
eastern corner of Clinton county, and portions of its area lie in the
townships of Castanea, Wayne, Crawford, Green, Lamar, and Logan.
The total area is about 12,000 acres, lying in 4 larger tracts and
several smaller ones. Access to the division is had at the towns of
McElhattan and Pine, both of which are stations on the Philadelphia
and Erie Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad.

For the purpose of administration, this division has been sub-
divided. Ranger Kamp having the lower portion, and Ranger Jame-
son the upper.

The boundary survey is nearly completed, with lines brushed and
painted. The remaining lines must be definitely located before any
fixed plan of management may be adopted.

In addition to the topographical description of this forest contained
in the report of this I)ei)artment for the years 1908-09, page 147, ad-
ditional data respecting climate have been procured during 1913.

The climate in this region can best be shown in the following table.
Early and late frosts are common. The following table consists of the
average monthly readings:

Men til.

I)ogree8.

September,

OctoIxT,

November,

Decemtter,

January, .

February,

Marrh, ...

April

May

June

July

Anjrust, ..
September,

68.7
56.3
43.8
35.1
31.9
35.2
40.0
51.4
64.7
72.6
79.4
76.1
67.3

The mean temperature for the year w^as 55.6 degrees. Not having
any means of catching the rainfall, no data were obtained covering the
precipitation for the year.

310

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

The growth on this area which has been recently cut over is such
as is ordinarily on recent cut over lands. Every available piece of
wood was removed by the lumberman. Many of the hillsides were
left bare of growth. Following the lumbermen came the inevitable
fire and this has left but scrub oak, bracken, and huckleberry bushes
on k considerable portion of the tract. However, several stands of
good yellow pine are found, one on the Cherry Kun tract at the point
of Matter ridge. Another is at the mouth of Spring Run along Mc-
Elhattan Kun, where the stand is hemlock, and anotlier on the steep
side of the mountain above a great mass of boulders. Its value is
protective rather than commercial.

Some of the best stands average 5 inches in diameter and 40 feet in
height. The growth has been so luxuriant that it needs thinning.
The timber here grows rapidly and the forest will rank high as a

producer of good trees.

This is a hardwood region, mixed witli some conifers. Chestnut
oak and chestnut co])pice are the prevailing species. The area of
the mature or hypermature forest is small, not more than a hundred
acres, and contains chestnut, yellow pine, and hemlock. The area hav-
ing a density greater than 50 per cent, is likewise small, comprising
but a few hundred acres. This area needs improvement thinning,
and would be benefitted by having it immediately. The area having
a density of less than 50 per cent, comprises the greater part of the
forest. Scrub oak is abundant and other forest weeds. The growth
is rapid and with protection the weeds will rapidly be crowded out.

Springs and Streams.

This forest is well watered and the mountains are broken up into
numerous deep water courses. The city of Lock Haven receives its
water supply from the runs within the State Forest, a supply not ex-
celled by any other city in the State. About 10,000 acres of the area
is covered with a forest growth of various ages, and the result is a
sieady stream flow throughout the year. Three-fourths of the whole
watershed of the region is owned and controlled by the Department
and the city of Lock Haven. The flow of the stieams on the southern
part of the reserve is likewise fairly regular, the foiest cover being
good. There are but few s])rings of value within the State land, but
these have been cleaned and made accessible.

Roads.

Roads are numerous and run in all directions. They are divided
into major and minor. IJ miles of the old Nittany road were brushed
out for the first time, during 1012, and J mile was improved as a

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

311

plantation boundary line. IJ miles of fire lane also was opened to
give protection to the plantation. Many of the old roads which were
opened by the former forester, Mr. Dutlinger, ha\e since giowu shut
r.nd will require rebrushing. At least 15 miles of old fire lines are in

this condition.

During 1913, 25 miles of old roads and lire lanes were opened. The
fire lanes are to be extended the coming season. All fire lanes are so
constructed that they may ultimately become roads.

The present forester began his service on this division September
1, 1912, and because of the short time he has been present, road work
has not been extended to the degree that might be expected. Much
of his time was occupied with other work.

Minerals.

There are a few outcrops of ganister rock. No other minerals of
value are known to exist.

Seed Collection.

Seeds of 14 different species growing in the neighborhood were col-
lected and forwarded to the Department for the seed exhibit. Not
over one-half pound of each kind was collected for the purpose.

Plantations.

No trees were planted on the division during 1912. The previous
plantings amount to 215,032, distributed over an area of approxi-
mately 200 acres.

During 1913, planting was made in the scrub oak in the east end
of Nittany mountain, using 85,000 3-year old white jdnes. 5 pounds
of white pine seed and 5 pounds of European larch were used in
making spot plantations along streams, in old mill sites, and open
l^laces. Seeds were placed in alternate rows so as to make a mixed
plantation of the pine and larch. 8 acres of land were so treated.
1'he total area planted to date within this forest is 218 acres, includ-
ing both seedling and spot planting. Seedlings planted to date are
as follows:

White pine, 2-years, 200,000

White pine, 3-years, 86,250

White ash, 3,875

Red ash, ^v>''><>

Sugar maple, 1-year, 4,000

f

i

312 llEPOKT OF THE Off. Doc.

Sugar maple, 2-years, 1,075

Red maple, '^^'^

Honey locust, ^-^

Total, 300,032

Seed planted is as above set forth.

In some cases the white pine seedlings made a growth the first year
of 12 inches.

Labor.

Labor costs 17ic. per hour. Local farm labor costs the same. Team
hire with or without driver costs from $3.00 to $4.50 per day. The
distance to and from work is a great drawback in this forest. The
need of having the men near at hand was shown during the season
by the forester procuring at liis own expense a camping outfit. The
additional work they were able to do justified this expense.

Market Conditions.

The forest is centrally located and has wood industries nearby, the
paper mill at Lock Haven and the chemical works at Newberry. l*ulp
wood sells from $0.50 to $7.00 a cord delivered. Chemical wood is
worth ?4.50 per cord. Freijj^lit rates are from 75c. to $1.00 per cord.
The distance from the railroad of a portion of the forest is some draw-
back to the easy handling of the product. Township roads are ill
kept. Dead and down yellow pine timber is worth $8.00 per thousand.
Dead chestnut coppice 50c. per cord. The removal of both would bene-
fit the forest.

Insects and Fungi.

The chestnut bark disease is within the forest. r»0() trees have been
cut and destroyed Every tree thus far fountl lias been cut and
burned.

Forest Fires.

But one fire occurred on State land during 1012. The ground was
moist due to recent snows, and little damage was done. The area
burned was about 100 acres, and only the top layer of leaves was
destroyed.

A fire covering 5 acres on private land occurred in November. The
only serious resulting damage was the burning of fences.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

313

Seven fires occurred during 1913 on or near the forest, 5 of them
on State land. The damage in each instance was 50 per cent, or over.
The completion of the fire protective service is the most necessary
thing in this region at this time. The area of State land burned
amounts to 1,900 acres.

Outing and Recreation.

Hunting is done only by local people, few campers coming into the
forest. This is because of the absence of good springs as a water sup-
ply. So far as learned, during the 1912 season, 10 deer, 4 bears, and
large numbers of pheasants and rabbits were taken in this vicinity.

Seven deer and 4 bears were taken during 1913 season. Rabbits and
i heasants were abundant. Trout fishing is good in McElhattan and
Cherry Runs.

22. THE NITTANY FOREST.

Forester, Harry J. Mueller,^ Bellefonte, R. D.
Forester, Jesse M. Houtz,^ Bellefonte, R. D.
Forest Ranger, Howard E. Wells/^ Pleasant Gap.

This forest, formerly known as the Green's Valley tract of the Cen-
tral reserve, lies in Spring, Potter, Walker, and Gregg townships.
Centre county, and contains 4,145 acres. The boundary line has been
completely surveyed and was repainted during 1912.

The hypermature area does not exceed 500 acres. Many of the trees
jire fire scarred. The hardwoods i)revail. Because of the open grown
<liaracter of the region, the trees are branchy and little good lumber
could be obtained. There is sufficient wood, however, to warrant the
setting up of a saw mill. With the completion of a road under con-
struction, transportation will be easy and the market is waiting for
the product. An area of 1,500 acres is covered with a density of more
than 50 per cent. Some thinning in this area is required. 1,000 acres
have a density of from 10 per cent, to 50 per cent, and is conii)osed
principally of the usual brush. Some of the material may be disposed
of as fire wood. Probably 200 acres of land could be j)lante(l at this

' l.«'ft iiervlce Ortobt-r 1, 1913.

* I''«'gan Horvloo SeptonilHT 1. 1913.

- ir«-.«*lpnod March 31, 1912.

314

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

time 10 acres should be reinforced. Nearly 1,000 acres are covered
with rocks, where little rej^eneration can be expected. Swamps occn])y
400 acres, but at places it is sufficiently dry to carry a j?ood growth
of white pine and hemlock. 20 acres are used for roads and trails,
5 acres for fire lanes.

Springs and Streams.

From time to time springs have been cleaned out and walled up.
Fully a dozen have been so treated. They apparently have a steady
flow and hold up well throughout the year. Stream flow is continuous.
Contamination is at a minimum.

l^uildings and Repairs.

The forester's home was in need of a number of repairs, .and these
were made from time to time during 1912. Fences were built and a
general cleaning up of the whole place was made. The house was
painted and a drain laid to carry off surface water. A small building
was put up in the rear of the old buildings to serve as a general work-
shop, wood house, and wash room. Certain repairs are still needed
to roof and chimney and to the roof of the barn, and the remainder
of the buildings should be painted.

A main line of telephone crosses the mountain between Centre Hall
and Pleasant Gap at a point 2 miles from the forester's house. A
connecting line is being built to reach the Bell system. A nearby com-
mercial company affords better rates.

Roads.

Four miles of roads and fire lines were brushed out in 1912, for
the first time, not having been 4)pened since they weie abandoned 20
years ago. The total number of drivable roads open at present is 9.^
miles. Trails, fire lanes, and boundary lines aggregate 3^ miles. A
new road is now in course of construction. 500 yards have thus far
l)een covered. Still other work must be done in order to make this
portion of good traversable character. The brush was cut out of the
Nittany road for a distance of 2} miles. The road when extended
will pass over the land of three individuals, who will be benefited
thereby.

Plantations.

The plantations formerly established by Forester McNeal and
Ranger Wells are making satisfactory growth. 65 per cent, of the
trees are in excellent condition. Some of the young Scotch pines made

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

315

a growth of 20 inches a year. A reinforcement of the plantation is
required where there have been failures of considerable size. No
j.lanting was done in 1913.

Nursery.

A small nursery heretofore established contained in the spring of
1912 about 50,000 one-year old seedlings. Because of their crowded
condition it was necessary to transplant them. A number were lost
by being eaten off just below the surface of the ground by some at-
tacking insect.

Two pounds of white pine seed and two pounds of Norway spruce
were sown when the beds were prepared. Germination was poor and
the planting not a success. Rains are unusually frequent in this re-
gion and moisture conditions must be reckoned with in doing any
work of this character. The site will be changed when a more suitable
place is found for it.

Labor.

Various large operations in the county attract all the available men,
us they pay better wages than the State formerly paid. Farmers are
required to pay |2.00 per day and board the men in order to get their
services during harvest. Men who worked during 1911 for 15c. per
hour now require IT^c. Teams hired then for |3.50 per day with
driver, now cost 40c. per hour. Even then they require time in going
one way, either to or from work.

Markets.

A good market exists for chemical wood, ties, and posts. The ab-
sence of a good road makes it difficult to reach.

Erosion.

A striking example of erosion in this region is at the lower end of
(^Ireen's Valley near the j)ike. A mnss of giavel and rock 20 feet high
is i)iled in the bed of the stream, having been brought down out of
the water gap since the removal of the timber. Rocks elsewhere are
hi id bare.

Insects and Fungi.

The chestnut bark disease has been found within the forest. About
1)00 trees are known to be inchuled in the affected area, covering
.*ilM)ut 10 acres, and a small gioup of infection has been found near
the forester's headciuartei s. New infections are occurring. The saw
tly is attacking some of the pines.

it

'a.

316

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

Forest Fires.

Oil June 1, 1012, a lire started a mile east of the forester's head-
quarters, and before it eould be extiufruished, burned over 500 aeres.
Telephone connection would have enabled us to stop it before it had
covered 100 acres. The young- sprout <;iowth was killed and the
humus destroyed.

There were no forest fires within this forest during lOKi.

Outing and Recreation.

This forest is much fre(|uented by lishermen who spend the day
along Fishing Creek. No camps were erected on State land during
11)12. 1,()00 large trout from the Pleasant (lap hatchery were put
into the streams during the season. It seems that most of these have
worked themselves down into the stream toward Lock Haven.
Nearly all the trout caught during this season were small in size.
The restoration of a small dam east of the forester's headquarters
will alVord a breeding i>lace which the fish do not now have. The
running of game by dogs is altogether too ]U'evalent and the owners
have been notified to kee]) their dogs tied u]> at home. Small game
is abundant.

Lightning Re])ort.

During June and July, 1012, 5 trees were struck by lightning.
None were ignited by the current. The species struck were as fol
lows:

Chestnut, ^

White oak, 1

Hemlock, 1

5

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

317

2:5. THE pi:nnypa(^ker forest.

Forester, Harold E. Bryner, New Germantown.

Forest Rangers:

Herman N. Hart, New Germantown.
Frank P. Sundy, McCrea.
Leroy Koontz, New Germantown.
I). K. Meredith, Doylesburg.

The Pennypacker Forest com[)rises an area to date of 24,700 acres,
and is situate partly in Perry, Franklin, and Cumberland counties.
The forest at present is divided into 4 ranges, each in charge of a
ranger, who gives his entire time to the work.

The survey of the whole area is not yet complete. Work had to
be suspended in 1012 after 12,<S51 rods of line had been completed and
well marked. Many of the boundaries are nearly obliterated and
there is difticulty in locating them. This is also true of the boundary
line between l*erry and Cumberland counties.

During 1913, 11,306.3 rods of boundary line were run and marked.

Springs and Streams.

Along the lower slopes of the mountains and the mountain benches,
springs are numerous. There are a greater number on the southern
slopes than on the northein, although the water in the springs on
the northern exposure is colder and apparently better. Some of
the springs ai e intermittent and disappear during the summer season.
Many of them have been cleaned and walled up. Wherever constant
sjuings are located, they are cleaned and walled up by the rangers
as time permits. To date 81 si)rings have received this treatment.
There are few springs on or near the summits of the mountain. The
springs have not yet been posted in the way which will be done,
but when near a road or trail a tree is marked in such a way as to
guide towards it. Where there is no trail to a spring, one is opentvl.
Streams are free from contamination but show the effect of drought.
A better humus cover which is coming on it is believed will regulate
the stream flow.

Buildings and Ke},airs.

The buildings occupied bv the uni^er in Henry \'alley are in poor
condition and should be leplaced by new ones. There is sufficient

ai

i
*

1

1^

318 REPORT OF THE Off . Doc.

Old material in the iiei^'hboihood to rebuild. Other buildings are
located on the Three Square Hollow range, the Westover lands, the
Frv tract, and the Quay tract. Some are in satisfactory condition,
others are poor and should be removed. A telei^hone line was built
to the ranger's house in Henry Valley and such repairs nmde theie
as were absolutely necessary. The line mentioned connects with
Perry county line at Couch's store, south side of Sherman's Valley.
The route is somewhat irregular because of disirability of keeping on
State land. The line is metallic circuit :5i miles long. Perry county
companies charge f;i2.()0 annual rental. This gives service throughout
the county. The Depaitment keeps its own line in repair. The right
of wav was caiefully cleared to a width of 20 feel. The building of
this line was difficult because of the rocky surface and steepness
of the mountain.

Koads.

During 11)12, U miles of old roads were brushed out for the liist
time and 41 miles" of old roads were brushed or repaired.
' In lOlo, old roads were improved to admit of tiavel. Several old
trails were opened and new lire trails built. For general protective
measures, the system is nearly linished. The miles of usable roads
and trails total 77.67.

Seed Collection.

14 bushels of black walnuts were collected in 1012 on Ranger
Koontz's area. The seed was of medium <|uality only, but was planted
on tlie reserve in localities where walnut will do well if satisfactory
stock can be started.
,Jn 1913, 16 bushels of black walnuts were collected near Ranger
Sundy's house. These will be planted in Henry Valley during the
coming season.

, IMantatiops.

During 1012, 35,080 seedling trees were planted in this forest,
of the following species:

Wliite pine, 200

Black walnut, 1,180

White ash, 5,600

'Red oak, 29,000

Total, 35,980

The total number of acres planted during the year is 14} and 4;;
acr^s were planted with >5eeds, on which 30 bushels were used.

No. 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. 319

Some plantings suffered during the drought of the 1913 summer,
a small portion to the extent of 30 per cent. Willow cuttings are
doing well and show 98 per cent, growth. The white pine shows 95
per cent, growth. 12 bushels of black walnuts were sown on an area
by the ranger in Henry Valley. The seed was poor and only half of
it germinated, but more is expected to appear the following year.
The area planted with seedlings to date is 85 acres. Planted during
1913, 18 acres; reinforced during the year 3| ^cres. Seedlings planted
t(. date number 226,430. Seedlings ])lanted during 1913, 50,000 white
pine. Cuttings planted during the year 4,500 black locust; to date
7^500. Area planted with seed to date is 20.3 acres.

The total plantings within this forest to date are as follows:

White pine, 154,200

Scotch pine, 1,550

Balsam fir, 500

Honey locust, 2,575

Norway spruce, 3,000

White ash, 24,900

White oak, 1,925

Red oak, 35,100

Black walnut, 2,680

Carolina poplar cuttings, 1,000

American green willow cuttings, 2,000

Black locust cuttings, 4,500

Total, : 233,930

«

The plantations made in the following manner have been a failure
from a variety of causes: Among these may be included unfavorable
weather, poor stock, poor soil, and peculiar local conditions.

4 plantings with seed were made as follows:

20 pounds white pine were used in March and April, 1909, to plant
11 acres of old fields.

2^ pounds of catalpa were planted in April, 1910, on J of an acre
in the spent bark of an old tan yard.

2 bushels of red oak acorns were planted in April, 1911, on i an

acre of old fields.

i bushel of red oak acorns were planted in May, 1911, on J of an
acre, part of an old field.

The following seedlings which were used in plantation work like
wise failed because of the conditions named:

500 balsam fir, 2-year old, planted in April, 1909, on an area of
i of an acre in an old field.

21

320

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

2050 1-year old white oaks, including a few red oaks mixed with
them, were planted in Novciinber, 1010, on J of an acre on an old,
well-drained field.

The following cuttings, being the whole number enumerated in
the above i)lantation work, were likewise failures:

1000 Carolina poi)lai- cuttings planted in Ajiril, 1009, on half an
acre of meadow land. This land proved to be too wet for the pur-
pose.

2000 American green willows jHanted in April, 1911, on an area
of i acre, being prepared ground of open field. A few are still living
but the results are so poor that the elTort is regarded a failure.

Nurseries.

In order to take care of a quantity of 2-year old white ash seedlings
received from the Asai)h nursery, a small bed was prepared into
which the seedling trees were tiansplnnted in the spring of 1912.
G,100 seedling trees were thus cared for. 5,000 survived. Many
were heaved u[) by the frost during the winter and terminal shoots
frozen in June. They were planted permanently in the spring of
1913.

Labor.

The labor problem is dinicult. With insutlicient work to give
regulnr employment, laboiing men go elsewhere. Wages have risen
during the last two years to 15 cents per hour. Teams are worth
from 13.00 to |4.00 per day.

r

Improvement Cuttings.

The whob; forest is in need of it. Little has been done because
of lack of market. A great number of lire scarred and hypermature
trees are scattered over the forest and should be removed because
declining. A portable saw mill would take care of this situation.
Over one million feet of hemlock, oak, yellow june, and chestnut are
thus available.

Markets.

The market is not good because of its distance. There is none for
fire wood. Chestnut and rock oak f. o. b. cars yield |2.50 to f3.50
per cord. With the ])ricc maintained at |3.50 per cord, a small profit
could be made. Otherwise little or none. The transfer of material
at Newport from narrow to standard gauge makes operations almost
prohibitive because of cost.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

321

Insects and Fungi. •

The most serious tiouble atlecting the trees in this forest is the
chestnut bark disease, which has attacked our chestnut stand with
great vigor. The disease has spread rapidly throughout the forest.
Crews were kept going throughout 1912 locating the infected areas,
marking the trees, cutting down, and destroying them. Thus far
the crews have been abb; to cover an area of 2,555 acres, in which
they discovered and destioyed 3,741 cases of infection. The expense
of this work is great because the trees are widely scattered an<l
considerable time is occupied in locating them. It is proposed to
keep up the work and strike down this disease wherever it shows
itself; but whether it will be possible to save the chestnuts is a
problem. If the market conditions were better a considerable quan-
tity of material could be sold; but as it is, only the very best stufl",
railroad ties, telephone and telegiaph poles can be disposed of.

On the areas upon which it was exterminated during 1912, 300
stumps have been re-examined and the blight has not reappeared.
They are sprouting vigorously. On a few of the treated stumps the
blight was found in a sai)rophytic condition. The increase during
the year has been slow and not to compare with that in 1912.

A fungus disease, S[)haeropsis, is present atlecting the white pine.
It foinis cankers on the roots near the ground surface. The only
treatment applied thus far is removal and burning. Only 3G trees
thus infected have been discovered, ranging in height from 9 to 37i
inches.

Forest Fires.

During 1912 there were 2 fires within the State Forest, both
occurring in the month of December. The first covered 100 acres
of State land and the second IJ acres. The upper surface of the
forest floor was destroyed, but occasionally there were deei)er burns
in the humus. The damage is not great exce})t to the youngest
growth, where it was found the siu'outs were killed in the larger tiic

Two fires occurred during July and August, 1912, both of which
were located and extinguished by Fire Warden llassinger of Upper
ariniin to\\nship, Cumberland county, and for which he deserves
much credit for promi)tness. An observatory station 33 feet high
was built on the lOlder range. Work was done by the forester and
the rangers. Two trees were used for the purpose.

Outing and Recreation.

There are numerous places within this forest where good camping
places are to be found. The number of camps usually is small because

21—26—1915

322

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

the hunters and fishermen prefer to board with farmers near the land
and erect no camps. But 3 permits were issued during 1912 for
sites within the State land. The game which is prevalent, consists
of wild turkeys, pheasant, squirrel, rabbit, and raccoon.

A game preserve was established in 1912 and stocked with 30 deer,
6 males and 24 females. In appreciation of this work and at the
request of those in interest, no hunting of deer was done in this
region during the fall of 1912. The increase in this game has been
noticeable, as marks of deer are seen in almost all parts of the forest,
and occasionally the animals themselves are noticed quietly grazing
in different localities.

The deer are now overspreading the forest from the nearby game
preserve. Thus far four have been killed during the open season.
All roads and trails are to be marked with signs and distances.

The three principal streams within the State land are Laurel run,
Houston run, and Sherman run, and these were stocked with trout
in 1911 and 1912.

The land in Cumberland county affords no good sites, all the
camping places being located in l*erry county.

All camp sites in this forest will be numbered from 3401 to 3499
inclusive, one of which has been leased under the act of 1913.

Lightning Report.

The number of trees struck and shattered during 1912 is as fol-
lows :

♦-•

•

09

.

April

May.

a
a

"a

bc

s

09

o
H

Chostnut, ..

Locupt

Rock onk, .
Hemlock, .,
Black oak,

Total,

3

1

•••••• ••••••

5

19

3

« • •

••••••

4
1

1

1

• ••

1

1

• • •

26

Trees Struck and Ignited.

An American elm was struck and ignited by the current in April.
The tree was partly dead and fire started apparently in the decayed
portion.

No. 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. 323

During 1913, 70 strokes of lightning are reported, occurring as
follows :

April, 1

May, 3

June, 10

July, 35

August, 19

September, 2

70

The trees struck and shattered were as follows:

Chestnut, 38

Black oak, 6

Red oak, 4

Scarlet oak, 2

Locust, 3

Hemlock, 3

White oak, 2

Rock oak, 9

Black birch, 1

Yellow pine, 2

70

24. THE ROTHROCK FOREST.

Forester, Alfred W. Bodine, Newton Hamilton.

Forest Rangers:

Thomas J. Temple, Newton Hamilton.
Herman A. Oppel, Wistie.
Eli Stayrook,* Malta wana.
Sam T. Woodside,t Black Log.
William H. Moist,t Ryde.

The Rothrock State Forest is located in Huntingdon, Juniata, and
Miflflin counties, and is divided naturally into three i)arts, the Black
Log, lOast Licking Creek, and West Licking Creek valleys. These
divisions are such that they are used in forming the working plans
of the forest and will later on be divided into compartments.

*T-oft stTviro Jnly 31, 1912.
tAppointpd April 13, 1912.
XDlod June 20, 1913.

324

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

The boundary survey is not yet complete, but the completed portion
has been jmsted and more than two-thirds of it painted. :^ miles of
boundary line weie brushed and cleaned out durin<,^ 11)12 to a width
of K) feet. It is planned lo brush out the remainder to a width

of only 4 feet.

The present area of this forest is 19,527 acres, 57 perches. A
valuable jMii-chase of the (liirord lands was made in 11)12.

Scattered virgin timber is found over the entire forest, nearly all
hypermature and ready for market. There are ])robably 3 million feet,
including chestnut, oak, poplar, gum, birch, maple, hickory, yellow
pine, pitch pine, white pine, and hemlock. Markets are good. Almost
anything can be sold. With careful lumbeiing the forest will regener-
ate itself, but would produce uneven aged stands. Tl\e stand through-
out the forest, except in a few i)laces, will average over 50 i)er cent.
The non productive area includes farm land 100 acres, rocks 500
acres, streams 22 acres, roads and trails 72 acres, boundary line 7.88

acres.

With the selection system of cutting, this forest will almost
fully regenei-ate itself. The i)resent stand will average almost 50 per
cent, and with protection is gradually tilling up. A pressing need
is improvement cutting to take out undesiiable species and give addi-
tional growing si)ace for the remaining good trees. From this we
may expect a yield of from 2 to 4 cords per acre over nearly the whole
area. Only a small i)(>rti(m of the growth has a density of 10 per cent,
or less. These are in rocky places where planting is not feasible and
the present growth is sparse.

I

Si)rings and Streams.

All springs near roads, trails, or o]>en boundary lines have been
cleaned and made accessible. They are now usable in case of (ire.
There are no data at hand respecting the flow, but most of them are
regular. This is attributed to a good ground cover of humus which
is found over the entire area. For the same reason stream flow is
regular and is little aft'ected by heavy rains. Others in the adjoining
open territory rise rajudly after a rain and become very low during
dry weather. No contamination.

l*»uildings and Repairs.

Two houses in West Licking (^reek need repairs. The dwelling
house on the Opi)el farm needs extensive repairs. All buildings need
]»aint. Fences about the farm need rebuilding. A new stable was
built at the Kothrock camp 12 x 10 feet. The trunk line of the

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRlf

325

American Telegraph and Telephone line crosses this forest, but serves
no local subscribers. The local Bell, Ferguson Valley, Orbisonia, and
Patterson companies are nearby. Service is good, charge being $1.00
per month except the Kell, which is |2G.OO per year. 200 telephone
poles were cut and skidded during the season for such use as may be
needed. A storage reservoir was built at the Aughwich spring to
furnish water to the forester's house when built.

Roads.

Owing to the need for economy in load work in 1012, not so much
was accomplished as during the previous year. The number of miles
of roads brushed out for the first time was 9.98 and those rebrushed or
improved have a total length of 7^ miles.

In 1918, work continued from March to October, and nearly all the
leading roads in the forest were re])aii'ed and brushed out. A portion
of the West Licking Creek road was rebuilt.

The total number of miles of open road at piesent within this
forest capable of being traveled is 45 miles, with 3.11 miles of trails
and ?)A^> miles of boundary lines.

Easements.

The easements existing ui)on the State land com])rised within this
forest are the lines of the American Telephone and Telegraph com-
pany and the right of way of the railroad of the Vincent Lumber
Compan3^ The right of way of the American Telephone and Tele-
graph Company would make a good fire lane if the company kept
the area clean, but at ])resent it is permitted to be grown up with
dense underbrush, making it almost impossible to follow. The
Vincent Lumber Comj)any is troublesome because of the frequent
fires they set.

Seed Collection.

The collection of a ])iiit of seed from as many of the difTerent species
of trees and shrubs within this region as could be made, was taken
during the summer and fall at such times when other work was
not pressing. This seed was sent to the Department to assist in
making up its specimen collection. Foi* the use in the nursery, 13
bushels of walnuts were bought and 3 bushels gathered at the Oppel
farm, in 1912.

Plantations.

During 1912, 35.37 acres were jdanted witli seedling trees and 1 J
acres to willow cuttings. The following seedlings were planted:

m

326 REPORT OF THE

White pine,

Norway spruce, •

Scotch pine,

Basket willow cuttings,

Off. Doc.

No. 26.

50,000
6,000
6,500
5,000

67,500

In 1013, 65.05 acres were planted with seedlings. Total plantings
during the year were as follows:

Norway spruce, 15,000

White pine, 117,000

Black walnut, ^^^^5

Honey locust, 1,150

Black cherry, 2,000

White ash, 1,0UU

140,475

To date 112.53 acres have thus been planted. 1.5 acres set with

willow cuttings. To date the total plantings are as follows:

White pine, 184,000

Norway spruce, 21,000

Scotch pine, ^^^^^

Black walnut, ^>^25

Honey locust, 1,150

Black cherry, 2,000

White ash, h^^^

Basket willow cuttings, 5,000

Total, 224,975

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

Labor.

327

Good labor in this region now costs 17 cents per hour, which is about
the average rate paid by the Pennsylvania Railroad and the Brick
Works. Good teams are hard to get. The farm stock is not of the
best quality and the rate is |4.00 per day for team and driver, or
13.00 for a team.

Improvement Cuttings.

Tlie white pine grove on the Oppel farm in Black Log valley was
subjected to an improvement cutting in 1912, the object being to
improve the condition of the remaining trees. The tract is used by
the people of this neighborhood as a picnic ground and the aesthetic
value of this improvement is probably its greatest value. In 1913,
the forestry students made a small cutting to get practice in the
work .

Markets.

As stated above, market conditions in this region are good and
there is a steady demand for material. The call is for lumber, rock
oak bark, hemlock bark, and chestnut for tanning extract. Locust
is used for pin wood and hickory for spokes and handles. For paper
wood, pitch pine, maple, linden, and poplar are used. The forest
is located near to the main line of the Pennsylvania Railroad and
freight shipments may be had at reasonable rates. There is a
promise that the markets will not only continue good but improve
with the imj)rovement of the forest stand.

The greatest need of tliis region is an acid factory to handle all
species of wood. All improvement cuttings could thus be utilized and
the timber that is now going to waste, retarding the growth of more
valuable trees, could thus be saved by being converted into a \aluable
product at a very considerable return to the Department.

Nursery.

A small nursery was established the latter part of 1911 at the
Oppel farm to furnish walnut seedlings for planting throughout this
forest. Its area is about one-fourth of an acre and 17 bushels of
black walnuts were planted in 1911. The growth from this planting
was 2,325 seedling trees, which were removed, heeled in, and held
in readiness for the 1913 planting. The percentage of germination
of the seeds was low, consequently the cost of producing the seedlings
was high. This nursery will be abandoned and a new one established
near the forest headquarters.

Erosion.

There is no eroding of the soil in this forest. The woods are well
developed with a good forest floor and a thick covering of humus.
Streams do not become muddy after heavy rains.

Insects and Fungi.

The chestnut bark disease was discovered along the Harsh berger
road in this tract in the fall of 1911. Continued scouting for the
infected trees was carried on and the infections discovered were

328

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

destroyed. With the assistance of the agents of the Chestnut Blight
Commission during 1912, continued search for diseased trees was
made and infections discovered were destroyed to the number of 1,825.
1,021 of these were sprouts from 1 to G inches in diameter at a point
1 foot above tlie ground. 804 were marketable trees of a diameter
of 0 inches and upward. The (luantity of material derived from these
trees was 88,710 board feet and the infection was found scattered
over on area of 7,000 acres. The disease has made little spread during
191 :j. The area woiked over by the lUight Commission in 1912 has
remained extiemely free and few cases have reappeared. All the
stumi>s have sprouted vigorously.

Forest Fires.

•

For a i>eriod of over 8 years there has been no fire in this region
wliicli wronglit any serious injury to tlie limber. During the spring
and fail of 1912, 3 small tires occurred on State land along the line
of the Vincent Lumber Company's right of way. A total area of about
10 acres was burned over. The fires were attacked by the employes
of tlie lund)er company and extinguished.

In ItU:}, one tire covered 100 acres in November. The woods were
damj) and the loss small. One liie tower was built during the year
on the summit of Blue Kidge mountain, and commands a view of
the entire forest. It is nmde of chestnut timbers bolted together, 52
feet high, built square like an oil derrick. Numerous fires have oc-
curred on nearby private woodlands.

TresjKiss.

But one violation occurred during 1912, the cutting of 2^ cords
of chestnut wood. This was adjusied in a satisfactory way by the
person who did the cutting paying |1.00 per cord stumpage.

Outing and Becreation.

Hunting and fishing are favorite sj)orts within this forest. 25
camping permits were issued in 1912 to hunters and fishermen, and in
every case these gentlenuMi behaved themselves well while on State
land. 107 ]K'rsons thns enjoyed outing inivib'ges at little or no cost
to themselves. So far as re])orted, 1 deer and 25 wild turkeys were
taken on the State land dui ing the season.

Eighteen permits were issued into the forest during 1913. Over 100
l)eople availed themselves of the camping privilege. Game appears
to be plentiful, but little was taken. Several bushels of corn were
spread for feeding the turkeys during the severe winter and some
salt for Ihe deer. East and West Licking creeks are good trout

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OB^ FORESTRY.

329

streams and have been heavily stocked both by the State and the
United States government. This planting should make fishing better
in the future than it has been in the past. Black Log Creek, 24 miles
long, is a rather sluggish stream, too open for the successful planting
of tiout excei)t for the first few miles of its course. Suckers and eels
abound in all the streams and these are destructive to trout spawn
and small trout. If our streams are to be kept well stocked with
trout, it will be necessary to get rid of the eels and suckers. 35 cans
of fingerlings were planted in West Licking Creek. 1912 stocking
with llngcrlings proves the value of this method as against the plant-
ing of fry. All camp sites within this forest will be numbered from
3501 to 3599 inclusive.

Educational Work.

1 )uring the winter the forester visited the schools in Wayne, Brat-
ton, and Granville townships and gave talks on forestry. The boards
of dire(!tors have become interested and have introduced a modified
form of the study into the schools.

Four of the 1913 students were tried out in practical work and were
given something to do in all the ditl'erent kinds of operations carried
on. Three of these students were subsequently admitted to the
Academy.

Lightning Ileport.
During 1912, the following trees were struck and shattered:

■♦->

CO

•

a

•

O

to

p

<

3

o

Clipslnut, ..

Oaks,

Yellow pino,
White pine,
Hicliory, ...
Locust,

Total,

6
4

12
11

8
5
1

I

26
20
6
1
1
4

57

During the month of July a yellow pine was struck and ignited
by the current. Two oak logs lying on the ground were struck and
shattered. A lock was struck and broken into small pieces.

Trees struck and shattered in 1913 were 9. One was struck and
ignited. The species were

Chestnut, 5

Red oak, 2

Black oak 2

^'.!

White pine,

10

t

330

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc

By months as follows:

May, ^

June, ^

July, 1

August, 1

September, 2

10

25. THE SEVI:N MOUNTAIN FOREST, P»ARREE DIVTSTON.

Forester, T. Roy Morton, Petersburg.

Forest Rangers:

G. C. Deter, Graysville.
S. H. Lightner, Cottage.

The Barree Division of the Seven Mountain- Forest is in the north-
western portion of Huntingdon county. It has been divided into two
ranges for convenience of administration, to each of which a ranger
is assigned, Mr. Lightner in the Diamond Valley and Mr. Deter in
Spruce Creek.

The survey of the boundary line of this forest is complete and is
well posted, blazed, and painted.

There is no virgin forest on this land. Mature trees are scatteied
here and there over a portion of it, white pine, yellow pine, red oak,
chestnut, and rock oak sufficient to cut about 800,000 feet. The
area of this forest at present is 18,923 acres, of which 17,000 acres
are available for wood i)roduction, 100 acres for roads and trails, 15
acres covered by water, 1,200 acres by rocks, and 8 acres by fire lanes.
An area of 12,200 acres has a density of from 50 per cent, to 100 per
cent., 4,400 acres range in density from 10 per cent, to 50 per cent.,
and 1,000 acres are covered with brush, huckleberry bushes, and
growth other than good young trees. Ati area of 4,000 acres having
a density of 50 per cent, or over is in need of improvement cutting
and would yield about 5 cords i)er acre, producing mine props, rail-
road ties, and extract wood, the species predominating being chestnut,
rock oak, and scarlet oak. The area with a density of from 10 per
cent, to 50 per cent, contains chestnut, the common species of oak,
pine, birch, and maple. Much of it is of inferior quality, fire scarred,

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

331

and short-bodied. Much of this land will reforest itself naturally
if fires can be kept away from it. The remaining open area must
be planted.

Springs and Streams.

The important springs on the State land have been cleaned, named,
posted, and made accessible. Their flow is continuous with the pos-
sible exception of one of them. During the summer of 1911 its water
disappeared, although in former years it had a continuous flow.
During the summer of 1911 the humus on the forest floor around this
spring was burned off. There seemo to be a direct connection between
the loss of humus and the loss of water.

The streams are small with a flow that varies slightly although
during continuous dry periods the water becomes low. The possibil-
ity of contamination is remote.

Buildings and Repairs.

The only buildings on this State land are 3 hunting cabins which
were upon the ground before the State purchased it, and there is no
present need of additional buildings. There is no telephone line at
present although a line of the Juniata and Shavers Creek Company
runs nearby. It connects with the Bell line at Huntingdon. The
service is good and the rate is ?2.00 per month.

Roads.

During 1912, 3 miles of old roads were brushed out for the first
time and 15 miles were recut and improved. 1^ miles of fire lane
have been constructed. To date the mileage open and capable of being
traveled is 45 miles with 12 miles of fire lanes. Forty miles of roads
are traversable with a vehicle.

Leases.

The only leases at present exercised within these lands are those
of the Federal Refractories Company, which were given for the
purpose of removing ganister rock from Short mountain and Tussey
mountain, which rock is used in the manufacture of silica brick.
The first lease was awarded in 1903 and the second in 1909, and
further reports thereof will be found elsewhere herein. It has been
found that the existence of these leases is beneficial to the State
Forest and not detrimental. A result of the rock removal by this
company is that the small soil accumulation forms a good seed bed.
Natural regeneration occurs where before there was no tree growth.
The black locust is coming in in great abundance.

332

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

333

Minerals.

In addition to the ganister rock removed nnder the leases above
referred to, liematite iron ore and hard and soft fossil ore are all
fonnd within this forest. The ganister rock is present in very large
quantities.

Plantations.

During 1912, 2^ acres were planted with seedling trees, G,400 Scotch
pine being used for this pur[)ose. In 1913, only 300 2-year trans-
jdants were planted.

The total planting to date witliin this forest is as follows:

White pine, 54,850

Scotch pine, 9,150

White oak, 2,000

White ash, 3,000

Black walnut, 3,000

Balsam fir, 700

Norway spruce, 2,000

Total, 74,700

Tlie total area tlius far occupied by the i^anting of seedling trees
is 25 acres, and an additional acre lias been planted with seed.

Labor.

Labor in this region cost 15 cents per hour in 1912. Now the
price is 17^ cents. A team is Avorth 40 cents per hour, including
driver. The price of labor tluctuates by reason of local conditions.
Good labor available for work on State land is scarce because of the
impossibility of regular employment.

Markets.

The principal market near the State Forests calls for fire wood.
Oak and chestnut are used at the extract plant at Mt. Union, 20
miles distant. Tlie demand for mine tindiers is fair. Fire killed
chestnut is being used foi* tli(» ])ur])Ose.

Erosion.

Because of the well covered conditions of tliis land and the general
good state of the forest floor humus, little or no erosion occurs any-
where on State land.

Insects and Fungi.

The white pine weevil is present sparingly in the plantation in
Diamond Valley. Wherever its work is seen the attacked stem is
cut out in the hope of destroying the weevil in any of its forms.
Another insect, not known, is cutting the needles of the Scotch pine.
Leaf rollers were abundant on oaks and chestnuts during spring
and early summer. They seemed to prefer the chestnut. Som^e scarlet
oaks are dying, probably from fungous attack.

Forest Fires.

There were no fires in this forest during 1912. But one small
fire occurred in 1913, burning 75 acres u})on State land and 5 acres
on private land. It is supi)osed to liave been started by children
gathering flowers in the woods. An observatory station was erected
on Tussey mountain along the Pennsylvania Furnace road. The
whole of the Diamond Valley range may be seen from this point.
It includes all lands south of the summit of Tussey mountain.

Outing and Becreation.

During 1912, 19 permits containing the names of 147 persons,
were issued for camp sites in this forest. All were present during
the open hunting season in the fall except one, which was encamped
for the purpose of trout fishing. The conduct of the campers was
good and no violations of the law or rules occurred.

The game taken includes 31 deer on the State land and 4 in the
vicinity, 7 more than the ])revious season. All the hunters report
deer abundant. 2 does were repoited killed duiing the season, one on
State land and one on private land. No evidence is at hand as
to who did the killing. The running of deer by dogs is too prevalent
in this region and a number of dogs have been killed while in the
act of running deer.

Wild turkeys were abundant but not many were taken in 1912.
Smaller game was found sparingly.

In 1913, 24 camps with ISO members enjoyed camping privileges
within the forest, princii)ally during the open deer season. Too
much liquor is reported being present in four of the camps. 37
deer were killed within the State Foiest during the season. Some
does were reported shot. Game of all kinds was abundant.

Fishing within the streams upon the State land is not good. All
camps within this forest will be numbered consecutively from 101
to 199 inclusive.

i

•;

334

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

335

Lightning Report.

It was not possible to determine just when all the trees shattered
by lig-htning were struck, but an examination of the woods dis-
closes a total of 24 trees so injured during 1912, and distributed
among the following species:

Chestnut, '^

White pine, ^

Jack pine, ^

Rock oak, 3

Scarlet oak, 2

White oak, 1

Hickory, 1

Locust, 1

24

In 1913, 8'7 cases of trees being struck and shattered by lightning
were noticed No accurate duta as to actual occurrence were taken.
The species struck were as follows;

White pine, 1 1

Chestnut, 9

Red oak, 3

Yellow pine, 2

Rock oak, 7

Hemlock, 2

Locust, 1

Scarlet oak, 2

87

So far as known, no trees were ignited by any of the bolts.

26. THE SEVEN MOUNTAIN FOREST, BEAR MEADOWS

DIVISION.

Forester, Walter D. Ludwig, Boalsburg.

Forest Rangers:

W. H. Harpster, Charter Oak.
Robert Reitz, Boalsburg.

The Bear Meadows Division of the Seven Mountain Forest consists
of about 21,000 acres, of which 14,000 are in Huntingdon and 7,000
in Centre county. No fixed subdivisions have yet been arranged
because the divisions of this forest are not yet definitely established.

The boundary survey is comjdete. All corners are rebuilt, marked,
and lines brushed, painted, and ])ostod, with the exception of a single
warrant.

The forester is conducting a 1o])()grapliic and stock survey, begin-
ning with the establishment of bench marks.

Virgin forest on the division comprises about 1,600 acres, 1,000
acres in the Pine Swamp, 200 on Tussey mountain, and 400 on
Greenlee mountain. The Pine Swamp area will run 5,000 feet to
the acre. Some trees will cut as much as 1,000 feet. A number of
trees are in good condition and there is no present market for them.
The two smaller areas contain much dead and dying june, but the
market conditions make it inadvisable to attempt to remove it. 300
acres of the Kepler tract would be available for the market if there
were any. Should the chestnut bark disease make its appearance a
general cutting of this whole tract would be advisable. All the
above tracts have a density in excess of 50 per cent. The greater
part of the division ranges in density from 10 per cent, to 50 per
cent. Most of the area is regenerating from coppice not of normal
density, but suflBcient to insure a soil cover. Some strengthening by
planting must take place in tlie future. General reforesting by plant-
ing is not justified because of cost, except in old fields and open
grounds.

The forester was engaged at different times during the year in
educational and cooperative work. Magazine and newspaper articles
were prepared, approved, and publishefl. Advice on practical prob-
lems was given to those who desired it. He assisted in the instruc-
tion of the agents of the Chestnut Blight (Commission during a portion
of the time they spent at State ('ollege. He also assisted in nearby
woodlot work.

\t

22

336

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

337

From July to the middle of October, the forester was engaged in
the collection of statistics in cooperation with the United States
Forest Service to be used for the preparation of a bulletin on Penn-
sylvania's AVood-Using Industries. He collected statistics for Elk,
Cameron, McKean, Warren, Jefferson, Forest, Venango, Clarion,
Lawrence, Butler, Armstrong, Beaver, Washington, Greene, Franklin,
Fulton, and assisted in the collection of data for Allegheny county
and the city of I*ittsburgli. During a portion of the month of Decem-
ber he was present at the office of the Kureau of Products in the
Forest Service at Washington assisting in the compilation of the
data.

Springs and Streams.

Nearly all of the springs have been cleaned, made accessible, posted,
and named. The flow is regular with no possibility of contamination.
Good humus conditions and the absence of fire for some years are
responsible for this condition of the springs.

0

Buildings and Repairs.

Repairs at the house occupied by Ranger Harpster are complete
and the property is in good condition. They included the addition of a
X>orch on two sides of tlie house, wood house, new entrance to the
cellar, roofing, si)outing, painting, and other small items. The for-
ester has been able to fit up for himself an office in Boalsburg through
the courtesy of Mr. Theodore D. P>oal. There are no telephone lines
on the division.

Roads.

During 1012, 33.8 miles of old roads were rebrushed and improved,
10.2 miles of trails and fire lanes, and 6 miles of boundary line were
rebrushed.

In 1013, 42.4 miles of old roads, trails, and fire lines were brushed
and improved. 2} miles of the Shingletown load were repaired and
an additional mile along Pine Swamp road. Other roads received
sucli rei)airs as opening ditches and culverts, removing dead trees,
bowlders, loose stones, and im])rovement of the grades.

Minerals.

There seems to be no surface indication of valuable minerals, with
the exception of ganister rock, which is present in large quantities on
the ridges. The distance from marketing and manufacturing points
has not yet brought this into use.

Seed Collection.

Two pounds of white pine seed were collected and sowed broadcast
in the woods. Few seed-bearing trees are present and seed collection
is not likely to become large.

Plantations.

During 1012, 5 pounds of white pine, 1 pound of Scotch pine, and
\ pound of Douglas fir were used in making exi)erimental plantations.
Some of the seed was sown on the snow and the other on the bare
ground. To date the result has shown little or no difference between
the two methods. The plantation work during the year included
the following species:

Red oak, 20,000

Scotch pine, 11,400

White pine, 204,000

Total, 230,000

Of the above planting, 21,000 were used in reinforcing old planta-
tions. All i>lantings are 4x4 and all are doing well except the
red oak planted in 1011. Many of these trees were cut off by rabbits.
The fall i)l:iiiling of broad leaf trees seems to be objectionable in
Hhis region on that account. Some pines planted among briars were
smothered out. Generally they are doing well. The under- planting
of scrub oak areas with red oak is giving favorable results to date. .

During 1013, 104,000, seedlings were planted, as follows:

AVhite pine, 2-year, 80,000

White pine, 3 year, 23,000

Scotch ])ine, 2-year, 1,000

104,000
All seedlings are spaced 4x4 feet.

Experiments in planting among scrub oak made in 1012 appear to
be successful. In an experimental jdantation of alternate rows of
Scotch })ine and white pine made in 1000, it is found that the Scotch
pine is growing twice as rapidly as the white pine, and is more
thrifty.

300 acies of this division have thus far been planted to trees and
all available open areas are thus used. Reinforcing of old plantations
will be required from time to time.

22—26—1915

|i.

338 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.

The total plantation work to date is as follows:

Scotch pine, 2-year, ^>840

Scotch pine, 3 year, 4>560

White pine, 2-year, 736,060

White pine, 3-year, 104,840

* Honey locust, 1-year, 500

Red oak, 1-year, 30,000

While ash, 1-year, 500

American elm, 1-year, 500

Willow cuttings, 2,000

Total, 888,800

The honey locnst was a failure and some of the early plantings of
Scotch and white pine show about 60 per cent, growth owing to
unusual drought which followed the planting. The willow planting
of 2,000 cuttings which was entirely experimental, shows a growth
of 30 per cent., and 10,000 of the early red oaks, which were likewise
experimental, show a growth of about 40 per cent. The remainder
of the trees are doing well.

Labor.

Labor conditions are satisfactory. The average price paid was
15 cents per hour in 1912 and from 10 cents to 15 cents an hour for^
teams. In 1913, labor advanced to 17 cents per hour and two-horse
teams to 35 cents per hour. Huntingdon county conditions are
better than those in Centre. The farm land of the region is poor and
the people occupying it are looking for employment in forestry work.

Markets.

There is at present no good market for forest material. There are
no nearby wood-using industries and railroad rates are high. Fire
wood is in small demand in the neighborhood. Every farmer has
his own woodlot. When improvement cuttings are ripe, it is hoped
that market conditivuis will havi' changed. A large amount of material
must necessarily be removes' in the course of improvement cuttings
within a few years. There is nothing in the region to use forest
products and local ne( ds anj supplied by local private etfort.

Insects and Fungi.

The chestnut bark disease is present in this forest. Eradication was
immediately undertaken as soon as it was discovered. All State laud

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF B^ORESTRY,

has been scouted and the infected trees located so far as possible.
The destruction of the infection is now proceeding. In all 762
infections were discovered in 1912. The attack is confined to Jackson
townshij), Huntingdon county. In 1913, 85 infections were found and
destroyed.

Forest Fires.

There were no forest fires in this forest during the year 1912.
Two fires occurred during 1913, one of which covered about two
acres in Huntingdon county, with little damage resulting. The other,
during the latter part of April, at the time of high winds, covered
1,500 acres. The damage was more severe, killing about 35 i)er cent,
of the growth and destroying 50 per cent, of the humus. The loss
will reach at least |3,000. The cause is supf)Osed to be the camp fire
of a crowd of small boys who left the fire burning. No proof of this
fact, however, exists.

One fire observatory station has been erected on Bald Knob.
Another is to be built on Greenlee mountain. The fire wardens are
efficient and their work is satisfactory.

Outing and Recreation.

Xo reported violations of the forest, fish, and game laws have been
nmde. 14 ])ermits were issued in 1912 to 90 persons for camping
sites in this region. The conduct of the campers was all that could be
desired. So far as repoited, 20 deer were killed duiing the open
season, manj' pheasants, rabbits, and smaller game.

15 permits were issued for 82 persons to camp witliin the division
in 1913. 6 over-night ])ermits were granted by the forester to 12
persons. 20 deer, many pheasants, rabbits, and small game were
taken.

The fishing seasons were good and hundreds of brook trout were
taken. It was noticed that some of the campers were careless in
the disposition of their garbage. This will be prohibited in the future
and all refuse must be carefully removed and buried out of sight.
All cam[)ers were warned about contamination of streams and are
careful in this respect.

Camp sites in this division will be numbered from 1 to 99 inclusive.

The forester has been engaged, when it was possible to give atten-
tion to this branch of the work, in assisting with Arbor Day exercises
in the public schools, making addresses to the school children, and
giving them instruction in the i)lanting and care of trees. Also at
other times in assisting where aid might be rendered, teaching chil-
dren respect for the work of the State.

340

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

Lightning Rei)ort.
During 1012, the following trees were struck and shattered:

0.

c

o

Chostnut, 1

White pine I

Pitfh pine

Wliito ash, I

Total

1
1
2
1

So far as observed, no trees were ignited by the lightning strokes.

But a single stroke of lightning is reported during 1913, and that
in a pitch pine during the month of May. The tree was shattered
but not ignited.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

341

27. THE SEVEN MOUNTAIN FOREST, POE DIVISION.

Forester, Charles R. Meek,^ Spring Mills.
Forester, W. E. Montgomery,- Sj)ring Mills.

Forest Ranger, W. F. McKinney, Spring Mills, R. D. No. 3.

The Poe Division of the Seven Mountain Forest was formerly a part
of the Coburn Division and lies in the region near Potters Mills,
Centre county. It extends from the Millheim pike westward to the
i>ear MeadoAvs Division, in Harris, I'otter, and Oregg townships.
It includes State land in Centre county as far north as Penns Valley,
and is of about 1 1,000 acres in extent. The management thus far has
been as a unit and no subdivisions have been made. The boundary
lines have been surveyed but some of the marks have disappeared. The
boundary has been generally painted and posted. Tliere is present no
virgin forest. Many old pines are scattered about over the area.
Some are dead, others dying. All are deteriorating. A quantity of
rock oak is present which will not improve. The cutting of these old
trees will yield several liundred thousand feet and should be under-
taken as early as possible. From 2,500 to 3,000 acres are covere<I
with brush. Some of this will be reforested naturally by better
species. It must be assisted, however, with artificial planting. Sev-
eral experimental plots are about to be undertaken to determine the
best methods of handling the brush area. The open ground on the
division will not amount to more than 40 acres, exclusive of camp
sites. A good growth of young hardwoods, ]>rincipally oak and
chestnut, is found over the balance of the division.

That portion of the land which w^as not burned in May, 1911, is
covered with young fully stocked material. Where the fires ran that
year recovery has not yet been complete. Scrub oak and huckleberry
prevail over the burned area. Fire killed wood at various places
is being disposed of to an advantage. The people of the neighborhood
use it for fuel.

Planting at present is too expensive to be undertaken over the
whole of the burned area. It will be wiser to wait until natural
regeneration restocks it.

> Transferred to Co»»urn IHvlsion September 1, 11)1?.
» Began service September 1, 1913.

m.Ji

342 REPORT OF THE OflC. Doc.

Springs and Streams.

Springs are numerous and paths have been opened to them from
nearby roads. At least 25 of them never fail. Some have been
cleaned and walled. All the best springs are posted. No contamina-
tion is present. They will be improved from time to time and made
more accessible.

Buildings and Repairs.

The ranger's property on the Bellefonte Pike is not in good condi-
tion and is scarcely worth repairing. The barn is in good condition
but needs })aint. A new house is a necessity at this place. Water
may be supplied for the buildings by gravity. A snmll building is
located at Stone Creek gap, used by tlie workmen when engaged

in that region.

The Commercial Telephone Company's line passes the ranger's

house.

Roads.

Forester Meek was assigned to this division only in September,
1012, since which time he has biushed out and imju-oved 12 miles of
road. During tlie early part of the year while in charge of Forester
Seltzer, 10| miles of road were brushed and repaired.

The roads and tire lanes of this division equal at least 45 miles.
Most of them can be used for transjwrtation. Not all of this mileage
is in the best condition, Init is being im])roved gradually.

Plantations.

No planting was done during 1!)12. In H)i:$ 25,(MM) 2-year white
pine were ])lanted in two plantations.

To date 29 acres have been planted in which the following seedlings
were used:

White pine, .
Sugar maple,

71,700
2,500

74,200

Nursery.

In the spring of 1912, Forester Seltzer started a nursery at the
place where the ranger lives, covering one-eighth of an acre. The
1912 inventory is as follows:

No. 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. 343

White pine, 2,000

Scotch pine, 4,500

Douglas fir, 2,500

Red pine, 2,500 '

Norway spruce, 12,800

24,300

The amount of seed from which the above stock was grown, was
7| pounds, as follows:

White pine, 2J pounds

Scotch pine, 1 pound

Douglas fir, i POund

Red pine, i Pound

Norway spruce, 2i pounds

7f pounds

The damping-off fungus killed a number of the seedlings, and this,
in connection with the poor germination of the seed, accounts for
the rather small size of the stock, which, however, is in good condi-
tion.

The nursery was enlarged in 1913, to contain about 6,400 square
feet. The seedlings contained at the end of the growing season
1913,. are as follows:

Scotch pine, ^.800 .^

Red pine, 3,300

White pine, l^^OO

Douglas fir, 3,400

Norway spruce, 12,000

European larch, 6,000

31,000
Labor.

Labor in this region in 1912 cost 15 cents per hour; in 1913, 16
cents per hour. Occasionally it rises to 16J cents. There is a reason-
able amount of competition but usually sulficient labor may be had.
Teams cost 40 cents per hour with driver, (/arts with driver $2.50
per day. The labor which is to be had here is of good quality.

Markets.

The local market is well supplied with sawed material, there
being a number of small mills in the neighborhood. A large part of

#^^ ♦>

344

REPOllT OF THE

Off. Doc.

the i)roduct of these mills is sold beyond the local market. White
pine timber is worth |20.00 per thousand feet at the mill. Dead
wood is in fair demand for fuel purposes. A 2-horse wagon load when
removed by the purchaser, sells for 25 cents. All cutting is done
under the supervision of the ranger, and no green wood is permitted
to be taken. x\ll nearby transportation is by team. The railroad
is 0 miles distant. Those living near State land take quantities of
this material. By these means nearly all the objectionable material
has been removed.

Insects and Fungi.

The chestnut bark disease has appeared in this forest. In 1912, 24
infections were discovered and burned. The woods will be carefully
watched for any reappearance, and whenever found the disease will
be destroyed.

Forest Fires.

There were no fires in this forest during the year 1912. A single
observatory station has been erected in a tree on private land.

In the fall of 1913 tliere was but one forest fire along Stone Creek
road. The damage resulting was small. Another observatory station
was built on the division. A third is needed on Bald mountain. From
a point on this mountain nearly the whole State Forest may be
viewed.

/

Trespass.

During the hunting season 3 does were killed on State land,
ports of these violations were made to the Game Commission,
evidence could be discovered as to who did the killing.

Ke-
No

Outing and Recreation.

Five camping permits were issued for this forest in 1912, although
but 4 of the parties containing a total of 37 men actually located
their camps within the State land. So far as known, none of the
campers violated any of tlie laws or rules. In addition to the 3 does
above reported, 23 lawful deer were killed, 100 pheasants, 300 rabbits,
and 10 woodcock during the season.

10 camping parties had permits for this region and 8 were used
by the applicants in 1913. A number of other parties were encamped
on private land near the State Forest but hunted principally on
State land. There were probably 150 deer hunters in the neighbor-

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OP FORESTRY.

345

hood during every day of the open season. IS deer and 1 bear were
taken by these i)arties. One doe was killed. Pheasants, rabbits, and
grey scpiirrels were abundant.

G cans of trout were planted in Potters stream.

Camping sites on this division will be numbered from GOi to G99
inclusive. Thus far 21 have been prepared, marked, and numbered.

28. THE SEVEN MOUNTAIN STATE FOREST, COBURN

DIVISION.

Forester, John W. Seltzer, Coburn.
Forester, Charles R. Meek, Coburn.

Forest Ranger, David Libby, Weikert.

When Forester John W. Seltzer left the service, the Coburn and
Poe divisions were joined under Forester Meek. On September 1st,
1913, Forester W. J^^rdmann Montgomery was assigned to the Poe
division, while ^Ir, Meek remained in charge of the Coburn division.

This division is long and narrow, including the White mountain
east of the county line at ( -herry Run, and all the land owned by the
State east of the road from Decker Valley to Poe Valley, thence to
Millheim, to Zieglerville, to the Centre-Mifflin county line. County
line and Penns Creek form the southern boundary, the toj) of Thick
Mountain is the northern boundary, and the eastern boundary is a
road one mile east of Weiker, crossing Paddy mountain to tlie head of
Cherry Mountain. Penns Valley at the westerly side borders it on
the north, and the Rutfalo valley in the easterly side borders on the

south.

The Coburn Division of the Seven Mountain Forest lies just back
of the small town of Coburn, whence it gets its name. The
western portion of the division lies in Centre county entirely, while
the eastern i)ortion lies in Centre and Union counties. Two things
of importance should be mentioned here as they are of great value
in determining the geology of the region. They are Penns Creek
and the fact that the Pennsylvania Railroad traverses the area
fi'om Coburn to Weikert, the ])anks of the creek and the cuts of the
lailroad showing many formations that would otherwise be hidden
by the covering of earth. The county line between Centre and Mifflin

346 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.

counties forms the division boundary on the south in Centre countj'
as far east as Taddy Mountain tunnel. From here Penns Creek forms
the southern boundary as far east as the Union county line at Cherry
Kun. The Union-Centre county line at this place is inside and the
division is in both Union and Centre counties.

In Centre county the division lies in Gregg, Penn, and Haines
townships. In Union county it lies in Hartley township. It will thus
be seen that the division is very long and narrow, comprised of a few
valleys and mountains. The division is drained by tributaries of
I*enns Creek, which flows southeast into the Susquehanna River.
Penns Creek at Coburn receives ]Mne Creek from the north and taking
a southeasterly course it gaps the mountain, crosses the head of the
little slate valley south of Beaver Dam tunnel, called by the Germans
"Lechathal" or Lick Valley, and enters Haines township on the east.

Leaving the slate valley at Fowler's, on the L. & T. K. R., it again
gaps the mountain of Oneida No. IV before crossing the eastern edge
of the Poe Valley, finally leaving Centre county through a beautiful
gorge in the Medina white sandstone of Paddy Mountain. The im.
portant streams entering it from the Coburn division are Licking
Valley stream, l*oe Creek, Cherry Run and Weiker Run. The railroad
running along the creek furnishes a few levels as follows:

Lewisbuig and Tyrone Railroad

Dist. from Above

P. & I]. R. R. Ocean
June. LeveL

Tunnel at Paddy Mt., . . 32^ miles 959 feet

Fowler's, 34 miles 991 feet

Beaver Dam Tunnel, ... 35 miles 1014 feet

Coburn, 36 miles 1026 feet

Buchanan, 41 miles 1059 feet

Topography.

The sand rocks of No. IV form all the double synclinal mountains
in the southern portion of ('entre county, such as Nittany mountain,
Brush mountain, Tussey mountain, and the various local ridges in-
cluded in the Seven Mountains. Tlie ridges of the Sesen Mountains
are a series of synclinal canoe shaped hills, separated by anticlinal
valleys of limestone and slate, but all presenting the same rocks in
the same order. The sliort and minor anticlinals of l*oe. Confer, and
other small valleys within the Seven Mountains are but repetitions
of these folds in the earth's crust, which have been only strong
enough to bring to the surface the next higher or Hudson River slate
formation No. III.

No. 20.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

347

General (ieological Structure.
The Confer or Decker Valley Anticlinal.

This short axis while showing the same general northern inclination
or curvature at its center, is of meagre relative importance, only
having been of sutficient force to bring up the Hudson River slate of
No. Ill, in the Confer or Decker Valley in Gregg and Potter town-
ships, and the same in the small oval "Lechathal" or Lick Valley
watered by Penns Creek and Swift Run in the lower part of Haines.

Entering the county in southern Haines, south of the Little Clinton
red shale valley of No. V, it ranges successively through the upper,
middle and lower members of IV in the first 2 J miles of its course,
finally lifting up the slate in the small '^LechathaF' Valley. Passing
north of Fowler's station on the L. cS: T. R. R. this sharp arch throws
off 69° dips south of Beaver Dam tunnel and dives thence under a vast
sand flat of Oneida sandstone between the western extremity of this
valley and the eastern end of Confer's valley 4 miles apart. Here the
anticlinal again brings up the slate of No. Ill with dips of 60°-70° at
the M. E. Church, keeping the north side of that valley for 7^ miles,
when it again carries down the slate under the Oneida sandstones of
the resulting kettle, finally passing out of the county in southern
Harris between the white Medina ridges of Thick Head and Bald
mountains.

The Poe Valley Anticlinal Axis.

This, the last of the anticlinal axes of the county, has a length of
only about 15 miles before passing into the extremities of Union and
Mifflin counties. Like its predecessor to the north, it brings up only
the slates of No. Ill in Poe Valley, a drawn out oval sha})ed depression
in the heart of the Seven Mountains 8 miles long from east to west.
It is much straighter tlmn the Confer Valley axis, and while it is a
mile and a quarter south of it in (iregg township, its two extremities
nearly lap with those of the northern axis. It is insignificant in its
results, lying everywhere along the base of Paddy mountain, which
it divides on the west from Bald mountain spur seen rising west of
the Txjwistown pike where the Mifflin county line is offset.

Centre County Township Geology.
Gregg Township.

In the Seven Mountains the southern portion of this township is
beautifully diversified by the intrusions of small portions of the

34S

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

Confer and Poe slate valley anticlinals into the wide sand flat of

Oneida No. IV.

From its east head a wide sand plateau of No. IV Oneida extends
to the Penn line, holdiuj,^ lliis anticlinal and the synclinal of Faust
valley and spreading south into the Poe valley anticline. This slate
valley heads westward from Penn township and is similarly encircled
with"^No. IV Oneida ridges to Confer Valley. The synclinal of Faust
Valley, between Poe and Confer, shoals eastward before reaching the
Penn line, while to the south the Mifflin county line is marked by the
high straight ridge of white Medina, kf own as Long or Paddy Moun-
tain. Tliis portion of Gregg is wild and very rocky.

Penn Township.

The Seven Mountains with their included slate valleys t{ike uj)
about one-half of the township. East of the Slide Mountain tunnel
there is a line exposure of No. IV gray Oneida, forming the north
barrier to the little slate valley of the south. The rock rises in
ledges 80' high and dips about N. 28° W. 48°. Oneida sandstone
shows about 225' thick in the tunnel, mixed with some slate of yellow
color and wavy structure. Tlie little valley called "Lechathal" or
Lick Valley by the German residents, is only about a half mile wide,
and heads up west in this township into an elevated sand flat of No.
IV Oneida, before mentioned in Gregg township.

On the road leading south from the saw mill on the Penns Creek
road in George's Valley, near the Gregg line a section of the same
rocks is exposed, showing (irst 11, south of the track, overlaid with
Hudson River slate of III, dipping S. E. 35°.

This is followed by Oneida south of the flrst dwelling, with the
same dip, continuing to the bend of the road at the small stream
crossing, which marks the lieginning of the red member, with a south-
east dip in the north leg of tlie synclinal of 20°. Half a mile south of
G. Confer's, north dipping Oneida marks the south side of this red
shale and sandstone valley, as well as the north barrier to the wide
sand plateau, with an anticlinal and a synclinal, and forming the
mountain ridge encircling the Poe Valley to the south. This is
another slate anticlinal of HI, and stretches across the townshi]*
from east to west from S. Lengle's saw mill to Mussert and Gepheart's

old mill.

Two rough roads enter it from the north at either end, and u
wood road traverses the creek. The valley is about a half mile wide,
and is a regular tight anticlinal of slate, supporting on its south le^
the successive members of IV with the straight white Medina crest
of Paddy mountain marking the Mifllin county line.

No. 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. 349

Haines Township.

This township is bounded on the south side by Paddy Mountain.
Union county forms its eastern border line, with Penn township on
the west. Tlie only good sections of the Seven Mountains are by the
road to Fowler's station and along the railroad.

The public road carries limestone on a south dip of 55° to a pond
50 3^ards south of the bend up into the mountain, meeting the slate
of III at that i>oint, and Oneida IV about half way up the flank.
The latter extends to the crest at 550' above the creek, with dips of
S. E. 54°, carrying some conglomerate of rounded gray (juartz pebbles
with a reddish tinge. The road descends south into a red shale
valley of lower Medina. The synclinal of this valley is north of S.
Stover's, for there the dips are to the northwest 50°-58°. No. IV
Oneida succeeds south at the stream crossing with the same character-
istics'and breached by a branch of Swift Kun, though the supporting
slates of III are seen dipping N. W. but soon arching over the anti-
clinal of this valley to dip S. E. along Swift Kun. This is the "Lech-
athal" or Lick Valley, 4 miles long through which the L. & T. R. R.
runs, carrying slate as far as Fowler's station, and succeeded by
IV Oneida.

The south barrier is a tightly compressed synclinal, between this
valley and the eastern end of I*oe valley anticlinal to the south, which
barely crosses Penns Creek. Oneida sandstone encircles it and forms
the southeast dipping terrace to Paddy Mountain, which latter makes
the county line. The L. & T. R. R. nmkes a tunnel in this white
Medina crest. Like the Beaver Dam hill to the north, this ridge is
also pierced where it is only about 80' above the stream, which has
made a wide detour westward before cutting through the hill where
reinforced by Poe Creek. The synclinal is evidently just south of
the tunnel, for 50' from the south face white Medina dips N. 8°, W.
54°, and S. 12°, E. 88°, in the tightly folded basin. It shows 25' of
sandstone and 2' of slate in the north leg to the tunnel mouth. In
the tunnel there is about 170' additional, and a hundred feet more of
mixed red shale and sandstone brings us to the north end of the
tunnel, where there is a dip of S. 30°, E. 75°. Red rock shows for
120' more to the end of the tunnel approach. About 200 yards north
of the bridge over I*enns Creek, red Medina presents an excellent
exposure of red shale and sandstone probably 250' thick, dipping
S. 28°, E. 00°, forming the south leg of the Poe Valley anticlinal.

Oneida sandstone comes in north at the new steam saw mill di})ping
on the east side of the creek S. 30", E. 62°, conglomeritic. Near
the 33rd mile post, slate shows a rather distorted anticlinal arch
about 200 yards north, with dips of North 28°, W. 60°, and S. 30°,

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY,

351

350

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc,

E. 60°, though curved and cross-bedded by cleavage planes, rendering
dips indistinct, in black slate. The gap is an exceedingly beautiful
one, and is still very wide and unbroken by cultivation.

Union County.

The foregoing refers chiefly to the part of the division that lies
in Centre county. That portion of the division that lies in Hartley
township in Union county, which includes the part that lies on the
eastern part of Paddy Mountain and White Mountain, is now to be

considered.

The White Mountain anticlinal is of only slight importance in
Union county, extending for about 4 miles east of the Mifflin county
line, but subsiding so rapidly eastward that the red and white Medina
No. IV, the lower Clinton and Ore sandstone are all carried under
water level on the railroad east of Weiker station.

Taddy Mountain anticlinal, a double flat roll of Bloomsburg red
shale, where first seen south of Cowan, elevates the Medina sandstone
in the Paddy Mountain spur in Hartley. Union county contains
only a very small amount of Marcellus formation, caught in the
Buffalo Valley synclinal north of Lewisburg, where perhaps the whole
of the Marcellus formation exists, but little if any of tlie overlying
Hamilton. The Marcellus black slate has been a very fruitful source
of disaster to several coal mining companies in the district, which
have labored long to find coal in them. Every effort has proved a
failure, as well as in the Hudson River and Utica slate formations
of III. The rocks of formation VI outcrop through Gregg town-
ship, where the beds are thin, and are nowhere opened over 50' in

thickness.

Entering Hartley township the outcrop of Ore Sandstone is some-
what obscure in places; but seems to be displayed in a long gently
curving ridge extending for about 9 miles west in the main Buffalo
Valley synclinal to within about three miles of the Mifflin county line.
Here it basins and returns to within about 2 miles, apparently cross-
ing the railroad at Weiker east of the station, and after lapping
over the White mountain anticlinal makes a synclinal loop between
that axis and Jacks Mountain and then returns on a north dip along
the flank of the latter for 10 miles to Penns Creek on the Limestone

township line.

James Pursley has o])ened several ore-pits south of the Heranimus
Church in the field east of his house and just north of Penns Creek.
Conditions indicate the presence of two distinct beds of ore, probably
250' geologically apart and separated by brownish yellow shales hold-
ing a bed of sandstone several feet thick, and possibly representative

in this field of the Iron sandstone. Mr. Pursley said the ore was
fair. A short distance east where the ridge is cut oft' in a bluff facing
Penns Creek at Weiker station, the first or most northern outcrop is
opened 12" thick on a dip of 50° N. W. The sandstone bed before
mentioned lies to the south of this opening, thin, but making a distinct
ridge north of White mountain. About 10 yards south and back of
this sandstone bed the lower ore bed is opened about 20' above water
level. The railroad cut, just south of this opening, shows an excellent
exposure of sandstone and shale 60" thick on a dip of N. 20°, red on
the bottom and gray on top.

Zimmerman's old mine (now owned by D. C. Johnson) is situated
about 14 miles below Cherry Run, and is opened on the south side
of the railroad on a steep N. W. pitch and a short distance from
Kaylor station. The Zimmerman ore is about at the western end of
this central valley Clinton ridge. Westward this ridge is entirely
eroded, and any profitable ore in this vicinity must be sought for
along the flank of Paddy mountain, where the debris of the Medina
sandstone makes its out-crop hard to locate.

The lower ore bed series is also said to show an out-crop for some
distance up Weiker Run, south of White mountain but not opened
there. The Clinton ore measures extend west a short distance into
Mifflin county making a low ridge as far west as Aumiller's place, but
only containing the lower ore bed. Just west of Cherry Run station
the railroad cuts through red and brown shale, dipping 70° N. W.,
and at the west end of this cut, test pits, which had only partial
success had been put down for ore. Just below the bridge on Cherry
Run the Clinton shales are well exposed. Going up Cherry Run,
the dip is steeply N. W. at first, but soon reversed in a tight
synclinal, marking the extension of the Hartleton basin. The first
ore drift is about- 100 yards north of the railroad, driven N. 50' to
the ore and then E. and W. on the bed. Nearly a thousand tons are
said to have been mined at this point and shipped to the Berlin Iron
Works, Bloomsburg, and Danville. The bed when first struck, as
rej)orted by Mr. Johnson, was 2' thick; but pinched eastward to from
10"-12", and is said to have furnished a 45% ore.

The Birds Eye Fossil ore was once opened well up on the flank of
I'add}^ Mountain on the west side of Cherry Run, where it was found
only 10"-12" thick . The old Johnson bank, situated about ^ mile
east along the flank of the mountain, is no doubt on the same ore
bed although as far as mining was carried on here the entire yield
of the bed was an altered brown hematite. Mr. Johnson reports
having opened the same hematite ore farther east and immediately
north of Kaylor station.

The old Berlin Iron Works, which was the principal consumer of
all the ores mined in this section of the country, have long been dis-

23

352

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

353

mantlod. The furnace stood on the south bank of Penns Creek,
about 1^> miles south of Lauielton, and was a Charcoal jdant erected
in 1818, since whicli time it has been operated by different parties.
Tlie failure was due to their lack of sufficient i)ower, and their failuie
to recognize the fact that theii- ores were cold-short, and were conse-
quently unfitted for for«^e irons. Consequently for the past 35 years
one of the best e(iuip])ed small furnaces has renuiined idle, larj»ely
from a lack of suitable local ores, which alone could have justified
its location.

There is no gold, silver, copper, lead ,zinc, bismuth, antimony, or
tin in the whole county in workable veins, less than many thousands
of feet beneath the surface. The mountains of the district are barren
of all precious metals; the people should not throw away their
money in mining for them. J^mall deceptive exhibitions of lead and
zinc ores may be expected to present themselves at i)erhaps more than
one [>oint, but every dollar spent in trying to open a lead or zinc
mine will be money thrown aw^ay. The abundance of Iron Pyrites
or "Fools (JoW in the Marcellus shales has deceived many persons,
and will deceive many more in the belief that it is gold; whereas
it is only a crystallized compound of iron and suli)hur, and of no
\ alue except in the manufacture of vitriol, and then only when it can
be mined in large masses cheaply.

No boring for either an oil or gas well will ever be i)roductive
in any part of this district. The Venango and 15radford oil forma-
tions crop out in belts across the district, but they hold neither oil
nor iras. The Trenton rocks of Ohio and Indiana underlie the district
but there is no shadow of probability that they hold either oil or
gas. Whatever oil or gas may have existed in these formations origin-
ally, has long ago been <»v;i])oiated from them; so folded was this
l)art of the earth's crust and so cracked at the rise of the continent
at the end of the coal age.

The search for coal will be (Mpially vain. Expectant people have
dug into certain black slates in hoj^e of finding a coal bed; in hope
that the black slate found at the surface will turn to coal. Such
hoj>es are foolish. There are also black slate beds in the Marcellus
and in the Cenesee formation; and sometimes these black slates
have a good bit of old animal fat in them, which time has changed
and hardened into asphalt, so that specimens put into a blacksmith's
fire will fry and flame for a few minutes. Hut no one has ever
seen or heard of a coal bed in these formations. There is not a ton
of real coal in the whole county. All the formations in the district are
much older than the coal measures and were deposited before the
fiist coal bed was made. The oldest coal bed is that in Perry county
and that is good for nothing.

(Jeneral.

All of the Coburn division of the Seven Mountain State Forest '
Reserve is rough country; the mountains high and rocky, the valleys
deep and nariow. Originally the country afforded a dense growth of
the best timber the maiket could denunid. This is now all gone except
a few patches almost inaccessible, standing like tombstones of their
fallen companions. They are gnarled, these old veterans, fire scarred
and limby, but one can now and then get a glimpse of what they
must have looked like before subdued by the hand of civilization.
The reserve lies in the heart of the jucturesque Seven Mountains.
I*enns Creek winds its way along through the mountains in a most
beautiful gorge. It makes two magnificent loops around the points
of the mountain, doubling back within a short distance of itself.
It lies in the lowest part of the county, drop[)ing 15' to the mile.
The small mountain valleys lie high above its ri[)pled surface and
all'ord a few fair mountain farms. The woods are wild and furnish
excellent fishing and hunting, which is fully appreciated by the
people from the surrounding country.

Here is a variety of conditions of country presented to the eye.
We have the well watered and well drained valleys as Poe, High, and
Kupp Valleys; swamp land as is seen in I*ine swamp; sand fiats
as along the Millheim and Ziegleiville Pike; plateaus as Old Mingle
and Little Flat; the beautiful sheltered Lick Hollow or "Lec^iathal"
as commonly called; the high, rough, and rocky Paddy and the
steep White Mountain and quite in contrast the sandy contouis of
Big Poe Mountain; there are numerous kettles, some small and
some large; among the most famous are Auman Kettle, Grape or
"Traube Kessel" as called by the Gernum farmers, and the pleasant
Cherry Run Kettle. The streams abound in fish, the woods in deer
and bear and over all, especially east of tlie railroad is coming on
a grand cover of fine young timber. West of the railroad the country
is not so well covered, having been severely and repeatedly buriu'd
over. Here the Department of Forestry is i)lanting liundreds of acres
in an effort to reforest the denuded ground.

The P. R. II. winds its way through these mountains along the
fortunate gorge of Penns Creek, piercing the mountains in two places.
The valleys were not so steep or the mountains so rough that the
lumber companies that operated in them could not build their tram
roads to take out the tindjer. However, since they have been removed
the region in many places is inaccessible except on foot, as there
are no open roads passable to a vehicle.

(Reference: l*enna. Second Geological Survey.)
The division lies in the three townships of Gregg, Haines and
Penn, (Xaitre county; Haitley township. Union county; and Armagh
township, Mifflin county.
23—26—1915

354 REPORT OF THE Off. Doe.

All the boundary lines have been surveyed and have since been
repainted and posted, the eastern in 1912 and the western in 1913.
A few interior tracts remain surrounded by the forest area of 15,000
acres. Portions of this division during 1912 were assigned to for-
esters Silvius and Meek. There is no virgin forest but two small
tracts of mature and hypermature timber still remain, one in Bear
Hollow and the otlier at the east end of White Mountain. The first
may cut 100,000 feet of white pine, yellow pine, and hemlock, but
is 4| miles from a railroad at Cherry station. Probably 300,000 feet
of the same material could be cut from the east end of Wliite
Mountain, but would require to be taken down the mountain on a
slide, floated in Penns Creek, and loaded in cars at Johnson's siding,
two miles distant; otherwise it must be hauled to Cherry station.
The average i>rice for lumber of this quality on board cars is

White pine, 128.00 per M.

Yellow pine 17.00 per M.

Hemlock, 1900 per M.

The two tracts cover an area of about 1,200 acres. After improve-
ment, a sufficient number of seed trees would remain for natural

regeneration.

Of the remaining area, 0,700 acres X)0ssess a density greater than
50 per cent. Tt is set with white oak, black oak, red oak, chestnut
of about 13 years old, with scattered mature white pine, yellow pine,
[)in oak, and chestnut. The old trees are needed for seed purposes.
Normal and uniform density will be maintained by protection and
improvement cutting. The area having a density of from 10 per cent,
to 50 per cent, will amount to about 3,500 acres, containing scattered
chestnut, hickory, white ])ine, yellow pine, and oak. With protection
from fire and grazing, y)lanting, where it may advantageously be
done, will bring it to normal density. The scrub oak and brush
covered area amounts to about 3,000 acres. A few mature trees are
scattered about on the area. Much of this area must be planted.
On 10 acres probably no natural regeneration can be expected.
Streams cover an area of about 30 acres; roads and trails 56 acres;
fire lanes 10 acres. Only the open ground and the areas with a
density of less than 10 y)er cent, are available for planting at this
time. Protection in this region is the leading proposition. It
exceeds planting in importance and is likely to for some time.

Springs and Streams.

All the large s])rings have been cleaned and improved. New
springs are opened where water outlets are discovered. All are ac-

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

355

cessible and in good condition and few of them go dry at any time
of the year. Streams are numerous and large, Penns Creek being
the largest and receives the flow of all others. Their flow is regular,
but all are influenced by unusual heavy rains or fast melting snow.
All are free from contamination except Penns Creek.

Buildings and Repairs.

The division contains but one building belonging to the State,
a log cabin at the junction of Poe Valley. Tt will relieve from the
expense and burden of moving a tent and maintaining a camping
party when work is to be done in that region. While in charge of
the Poe division, the forester built a cabin at Stone Creek and two
lookout towers, one on Joe's Knob and one on Sand Mountain.
Minor lepairs were made to the ranger's home on this division. The
Commercial telephone has been installed in the ranger's residence
at Potters Mills, and during the short time it has been there it has
paid for itself many times over. At Coburn the forester has both the
Commercial and the Bell telephones.

Roads.

During 1912 24J miles of old roads were brushed and improved,
6 miles of new road partly cleaned. On the Poe division 3J miles
of new roads were built in 1913, 2} miles of old roads graded and
repaired, and 6 miles of new fire lanes cut out. During the year the
following road work was completed on the Coburn division: 4i miles
of new road cut out; IJ miles of new road graded ; 1 mile of old road
graded; 27J miles of old road brushed out; 2\ miles of new fire lanes
cut out, 12J miles of old fire lanes brushed out.

Plantations.

During 1912 45 acres were planted and reinforced, using 80,000
seedlings of the following species:

White pine, 3-year f>0,000

Scotch pine, 2-year, 10,000

Red oak, 1-year, 10,000

80,000

In 1913 on the Coburn division 40 acres were planted with two
year old white pine, using 100,000 seedlings. They were placed prin-
cipally in the East Pine Swamp region which was burned over in
1909.^

3,-56 REPORT (W THE Off. Doc.

To (late the Cobiini division contains the following' plantings,
covering 165 acres.

White pine, Planted 1910, 128,000

White pine, Planted 1912, 00,000

Scotch pine, l^lanted 1910, 02,000

Scotch pine, Planted 1912, 10,000

Sugar maple, Planted 1910, 7,000

American ash, Planted 1910, 20,500

Black walnut, Planted 1910, 12,000

Ked oak Planted 1912, 10,000

AVhite pine, Planted 1913, 100,000

409,500

Nurseries.

Tlie nursery at Weiker was established in May 1912 on property
belonging to Kanger Lil)by. He sowed therein -j pound each of white
I>ine, Norway spruce, and red i)ine, and a small quantity of Douglas
fir. At the end of the season he had 800 red pine, 700 Douglas fir,
and 1,50(» Norway spruce. Sjiarrows scratched out and destroyed all
the white pine seedlings.

In 1913, one pound eacli of red and wliite ])ine seed was sown and
Jill Hie one year secMllings were transplanted. Frost had heaved out
a number of the seedlings and those left to be transjilanted numbered
only:

Norway spruce, 400

Ked pine, 200

Douglas fir 200

Much of the seed sown in 191.3 was eaten by birds so that an in-
ventory in the fall of 1913 shows the following only:

Norway spruce, 1-1 year, 400

Red pine, 1-1 year, 200

Douglas fir, 1-1 year 200

White ])ine, 1 year, 500

licd pine, 1 year, 500

This nursery is for mere demonstration and educational purposes
and is not ex])ected to furnish large quantities of seedlings.

Labor.

Labor may be had for 15 cents an hour and is abundant. Teams
with driver cost from 30 cents to 40 cents per hour, without driver

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

357

from 20 cents to 30 cents per hour. The region is a farming com-
munity and there are no industries nearby to raise wages. A few
small lumber o])erations pay wages at the same rate. Labor is good
in quality and the men are reliable.

Markets.

There is small local demand for lumber or timber of any kind.
Much fuel is used but nearly all have their own woodlots or buy
waste from the mills. Railroad rates are satisfactory. Most of the
shipping is done from Coburn. The following table will give an
idea of the prevailing prices and the quantity shipped from this
station:

^. .,^ ^.„^ 450,000 board feet,.. $28 00 per M.

|rp^vfyeuv,wpine;-:::::::::: 5oot„.s V^izlZ.

&S":;///.:;:::;:::::::::::::::::::: -■-co.a ;:::::: 'IXfor.

i^X^erwla;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ,|oeords; ,«n™r.ord.

Oak and ohestnnt railroad ties, o,uuu

2 60 per cord.
55 each.

There are in this division many small patches of living and dead trees
better out of the forest than in it.

Improvement cuttings.

Tm]>rovement work consisted of the removal of dead and down tim-
ber for fuel, extract wood, paper wood, and lumber. Tn this effort 2,500
acres were cleaned up.

Topographic and Stock Survey.

The To])Ographic and Stock survey of this division was started
the latter part of 1913. The preliminary work is ]>roceeding satis-
factorily.

Insects and Fungi.

There are no serious insect attacks. The chestnut blight has been
found distributed generaly over the forest. Over 400 diseased trees
were discovered, cut, and destroyed.

Forest Fires.

There w^ere no fires on State land during 1912, but four occurred
on private land nearby, and all were fought by the forest officers.
Two of them are of unknown origin while two others are believed to
have been set by the railroad. The damage in each case was severe.

358

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

Four fires are reported for this division for 1913. One of them
burned on both State and private land while the remaining three
were upon private land only. State land was burned to the extent
of 200 acres. The origin of this fire was lightning. The railroad
is believed to have set two others on private land and one is unknown.
The railroad section hands helped to extinguish all the fires believed
to have their origin from the railroad. The attitude of the people
of the neighborliood is correct with respect to fires. They respond
readily and do their very best to help extinguish them. The railroad
in this region has many steep grades and an accompanying photo-
graph shows how easy it is for an engine on an up grade to set fire
to the woodlands. Fire towers thus far built on the Poe division
have been of great assistance in locating fires.

/
Outing and Recreation.

Hunting and fishing are good in this locality. 14 camping parties
were located on State land during 1912. 24 deer and 15 bears were
reported taken on State land and in the neighborhood. Grouse,
turkeys, and smaller game were found to be abundant. A camp of
boy scouts enjoyed a week's recreation within this forest.

Ten different permits were issued, 6 for campers and 6 for hunters,
during 1913. 9 deer were taken, one elk was killed in Zieglerville,
3 bears, rabbits, pheasants, and other small game were killed. Most
of the streams are well stocked with trout and the fishermen are
abundant. The camp sites on the division will be numbered from 201
to 299 inclusive. Thus far ten have been located, numbered, and
posted.

First Tunnel South of Coburn, Pa., on the L. & T. R. R. in the Seven Moun-
tains. The heavy grade increases fire danger, due to sparks from locomotives.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

350

29. THE SEVEN MOUNTAIN FOREST, GREENWOOD

DIVISION.

Forester, Tom O. Bietsch, McAlveysfort, R. D. No. 1.
Forest Rangers:

G. Edward Ross, McAlevysfort, R. D. No. 1.

James H. Howard,^ McAlevysfort, R. D. No. 1.

John Monsell, Reedville, R. D. No. 1.

Frank A. Gibboney, McAlevysfort, R. D. No. 1.

Howard J. Boop,^ McAlevysfort, R. D. No. 1.

Roy Ross, McAlevysfort, R D. No. 1.

The headquarters of the forester on this division are at the site
of the old Greenwood Furnace, formerly operated by the Logan Iron
and Steel Company.

This division is located 2,000 to 2,400 feet above sea level, having
valleys from 700 to 900 feet elevation. Fossil iron ore abounds.
Veins of it were opened prior to 1835. A furnace was erected in
1834 at Greenwood and the ore hauled across the mountains. In
1864 a second stack was built. For over 70 years the forest was
worked on a charcoal rotation of 25 years. Around Greenwood
there grew up a village composed of charcoal burners, teamsters, and
furnace tenders. The State acquired the region in 1904.

This area is subject to early and late frosts. Spring is usually
from one to two weeks behind the adjoining territory.

The area of the division was about 35,000 acres. By attachments
to other divisions it has been reduced to 23,000 acres. The boundary
line has been completely surveyed with the exception of about half a
mile. The character of the tree growth is thrifty and natural seed
regeneration will replace the trees removed by lumbering provided
proper protection be afforded. There is virgin forest of about 200
acres. A few mature and overmature trees are found along the
summit of th^ mountains where improvement cutting could not be
carried on profitably. About 500 acres of this area are covered with
a scrub growth and another area of about the same size consists of
rocky batters. Some fire killed timber still remains on the land and
would produce probably 400 cords. But a small area remains for
artificial planting, not in excess of 26 acres. The water surface
equals 30 acres, roads and trails occupy 82 acres, and 42 acres are
employed for fire lanes.

'Resigned September 30. 191».
'Appointed April 1. 1912.

360

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

Forester Georj^e A. Ketan was in charge of this division from the
15th (hiv of June, 11)1 1 to tlie 1st day of September, 1912, when he was
transferred to the State Forest Academy. The report of a portion
of Mr. Ketan's planting and other activities is contained herein.

Springs and Streams.

This division is favored with a dependable supply of water from
mountain springs, all of which have been cleaned and made accessible.
The supply of water in this forest is exceptionally good. During
the severest droughts a number cannot be used. Empty oil barrels
are suggested as reservoirs in these regions. Streams are regular
and free from c(mtamination.

Buildings and Repairs.

During 11)13 imi)rovements weie made at the Barrville property
and the Sa(\ger farm. The former is occupied by Hanger Monsell
and the latter by Uanger (Jibboney. JU)th are now in good and
liabilable condition. Repairs were also made at the forester's house,
at the (Jrillith home, at the Stone bouse, and at the barn. Much of
the work was done by the forester and his rangers. Telephone con-
nection exists with Lewistown. The trunk line of the American
Telegrai>h and Telej^hone Company ])asses through the division.

Roads.

During 1912, 8] miles of old roads were brushed out for the first
time and 17;J miles were re brushed or improved. A new road was
built for a distance of oj miles and new fire lanes opened for 12.^
miles. The total number of jndjlir roads open and suitable for travel
at this time within the division is 31 J miles; trails I of a mile; fire

lanes 24^ miles.

To jnotect further from fire, an exposed thread of soil 2 J feet wide
was made in the centre of all trails and fire lanes where deemed
most important. This makes it easier to run a ba(^ fire and to
reach fire lines more quickly. It makes a safe fire lane when the
fire is under control. Much patroling then becomes unnecessary. It
reduces the cost of maintenance and eases travel.

Ka semen ts.

One pasture lease is outstanding and the lumbering operation of
H. C. Hrungard is in progress.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

361

Minerals.

The presence of fossil iron ore is before referred to. There is a
cropping of limestone on the property at Barrville. A stack of lime
was burned and will be used in the farm operations at the head-
quarters. The lime was produced at the cost of the labor only, and
much cheaper than it can be purchased in the locality.

Seed Collection.

During 1912 the forester collected the following seeds from trees
growing on the division:

42 bushels of white pine cones yielding 3G pounds aver-
age quality seed.
4 bushels of yellow poplar cones.
57 bushels of black walnuts.
12 quarts of wild black cherries.

The above seeds were used for planting in the spring of 1913.

In 1913, 50 bushels of red oak acorns were collected in Mifflin
county, costing 50 cents per bushel. All were sown in the local
nursery.

Plantations.
The following seedling trees were planted during 1912:

White pine, 23,300

White ash, 736

Red oak, 78G

Catalpa, 824

Binus ponderosa, 1,600

Scotch pine, 200

Total, 27,446

The plantations during 191tJ were as follows:

White pine, 2-year, 47,000

Scotch pine, 2-year, 11,800

Red pine, 2-year, 17,000

Total, 75,800

362

KEPOUT OF THE Off. Doc.

The plantings on tliis division to (late have been as follows:

wv. • ^ .... 497,383

White pine, '

Scotch pine, ^

European larch, «, Vnn •

Pitch pine, 21,50J

Pinus ponderosa, • ^ J^

Ked pine, '

While ash, ^fl

Black walnut, ^""

Catalpa,

llickoiy, ^^^

Carolina poplar, ^'^^^

Calilornia privet cuttings, 5>^^^

Total, 592,476

IMack walnuts, 12 bushels

[Nurseries.
(See report under "State Forest Nurseries.")

Sample Plots.

An expeiinienlal planting of 4^ acres of black walnut was made in
IIJOG on this division. In 11MI7 the records show that it was refilled.
Subsccpient growth was unsatisi'actory and the plantation proved to
be unsuccessful. Kecenlly white ash lias been substituted for it and
planted on the area. The (Carolina poplar cuttings likewise proved
a failure. Some of the l^:uropean larch planted on a hill proved a
failure.

Labor.

For ordinary labor in the nursery 12^ cents per hour is paid.
Work in the nioiintains is i)aid for at the rate of 15 cents per hour.
A team with driver is worth 30 cents per hour and without 15 cents.

The labor i)ioblcm is beconling a serious one on tliis division. The
employment witliin the State Forest is not regular and it is difficult
to hold men unless they have regular employment.

Improvement Cutting.

An improvement cutting has been started in Greenwood hollow,
where there is thril'ty growth, inferior species, and considerable sup-
pression of growth. The work is done by residents in the neighbor-
hood, who receive wood in pay for their labor.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

30.1

Market Conditions.

This region is remote from a ready market and about tke only
sales consist of dead wood used in the neighborhood for fuel. This
material is cut and hauled by the purchaser. All cutting is done
under the direction of the forester. No utilization of small material
is made. Coal is cheap and hinders the economic development of the
forest. The nearest railroad is 5 miles distant, witli a freight rate of
8 cents per hundred.

Insects and Fungi.

Little loss was occaj- ioned from either of these causes. The damping
off fungus w^as controlled by wood ashes. The work of the June bug
larvae was controlled by fall plowing and collecting adult beetles.
The white pine weevil is the most troublesome. The plantation at
the Saeger farm was attacked and many of the trees had to be topped.
This plantation is thrifty, showing a diameter growth of from 2J
to 3 inches, and a height growth of from 4 to 9 feet. An annual
height growth of 30 inches is found.

The chestnut bark disease has appeared at several places on Stone
mountain. All infections as discovered are destroyed.

Forest Fires.

During the year 1912 no forest fires occurred within this State
Forest. Two small fires on private lands were extinguished by the
employes of the Department. Three fires on State land are reported
for 1913, covering an area of about 40 acres. The most severe fire
destroyed about 75 per cent. l»ut was limited to 10 acres. The adjoin-
ing foresters and rangers helper^ protect this area. An observatory
station is about to be established on Brush ridge at Greenwood.

Outing and Recreation.

00 pcrinils were issued during 1912 to hunters and fishermen, giving
authority to nculy 500 persons to camp on State land. So far as
known there was but a single violation of tlie law, the killing of a
doe. What evidence existed relating to this offense was furnished
to the Cfame Commission. During the season 24 deer, 2 bears, and
a large; quantity of small game were taken.

Camps on this area have been numbered from 301 to 399 inclusive.

24 camps were established during the season of 1913. These, with
hunters and fishermen, will possibly bring the ioial inniber up to
100. 20 deer, 3 bears, 58 pheasants, 182 squirrels, and many rabbits
were reported taken in this neighborhood.

364

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

365

Fishing is good in the streams of the region and large numbers
of persons visit it each year for that purpose.

Lightning Report.
JJurino- 1912 the following trees were struck and shattered:

J2

OJ

tA

a
be

a

0-

a

1-^

9

•-S

<

Oi

o

Pitch pine

Cliestnut,

Cherry

White pine, ...

Pin oak,

Red onlc

Hetnlocli,

Telephone i)(»l<',

4
2
1
1

1 ..

Total,

22

In July one yellow pine was struck and ignited.

31 cases of lightning stroke are reported during the year 1913.
In 30 cases the trees were struck and shattered, and one yellow ])ine
was ignited. Tlie i)revalence was as follows:

May, ^

.Tune,

July, 1^

August, ^

Sef)tember, ^

31

Tlie species struck were as follows:

I{ed oak, 1

Pin oak, ^

Chestnnt, ^

Poi>lar 1

Kock oak, 1

White oak, ^

Gum, 2

Hemlock, H

Yellow pine, 2

Apple, 1

81

30. THE SEVEN MOUNTAIN FOREST, JACKS MOUNTAIN

DIVISION.

Forester, W. Gardiner Conklin, Troxelville.
Forester, John R. Elder, Troxelville.

Forest Rangers:

James Middleswarth,* Troxelville.

Charles J. Middleswarth, Troxelville.

William H. Ettinger, Troxelville.

William C. Maurer,t Troxelville. '

The Jacks Mountain Division is at the eastern termination of the
Seven Mountains in Snyder and [Tnion counties, and comprises 19,429
acres, 11,965 of which are in Snyder county, and 7,464 acres in Union

county.

James Middleswarth was appointed a ranger October 15, 1904. He

was the first officer on this division and one of the oldest in the

service both from the ])oint of age and years of service. He is one

of the rank known as the "Old School," real pioneers in Pennsylvania

forest operations. A competent surveyor, Mr. Middleswarth served

the Department well, making numerous surveys in that region. His

increasing age and consecpient intirmity are responsible alone for the

change. Knowing the residents of his neighborhood he was able to

treat'^with them in a most satisfactory manner and first solved the

grazing problem. Timber stealing and other forms of trespass are

at a niinimum owing largely to his influence and vigilance. He was

ill demand throughout the region for the correction of lines and

locations, llis work was accurate and always to be relied upon.

With the coming of the forester, he was of great assistance in enabling

the latter to make his way satisfactorily.

Forester W. G. Conklin was transferred temporarily for topo-
graphic and survey work in the Department offices. John R. Elder,
forester, was ])laced in charge September 1, 19i:».

The exterior boundary has been surveyed and the lines marked
and painted. The brush has grown and it will be necessary to o])en
them within a short time. This will involve about 65 miles of line.

There are about 300 acres of original forest growth on this division,
200 acres of it being in Swift Rnn valley and c(.mposed almost
wholly of virgin hemlock with some white pine and a few broad leaf

♦Resigned September 30, 1913.
flJegan since March 1, 1913.

3^ REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.

species. It is estimated that this tract alone contains two and a
half million feet of lumber. A good load is nearby, makmg it ac-
cessible to market. From a financial point of view this timber is
ripe and will bring the highest return in the market at the present
time Owing to the scarcity of virgin stands of timber in the Com-
monwealth, there is no desire on the part of the Department to have
it cut. A quantity of virgin pitch pine is scattered over the west
end of the valley covering several hundred acres, here and there a
small tract of original growth. These remain because of the diffi-
culty of lumbering them when the region was passed over for that

purpose. , .

During a portion of 1912 the forester in charge was engaged in
the collection of statistics for the publication on the wood-using
industries of the State, beginning late in July and closing the work
about the middle of October. The tenitory covered included Lebanon,
Blair, Huntingdon, Mifilin, Juniata, Centre, Clearfield, Somerset,
Cambria and Bedford counties. Some time was spent in Pittsburgh
and also in Washington assisting there in the editing and tabulation

of the reports. . ^ ^i ^

A lot of dead and defective pine and hardwoods m Hartley town-
ship should be removed, and a contract for its removal exists with
William H. Libby of Millmont, who pays the following prices:.

Saw timber, 1^.00 per M. mill cut

K. R. ties, according to grade, 30c, 20c, 10c

Prop timber, flOO per ton

Pulp wood, f 100 per cord

Extract wood, 50 per cord

The limit of the contract is three years.

Springs and Streams.

AH springs which may be made useful are now accessible from
roads and trails. Important ones were posted and named. Most of
them are in good condition. A few dry up during the summer but
resume flow in the fall. There is almost no contamination.

Buildings and Repairs.

A small unoccupied house in this forest is useless under present
conditions. If replaced by a proper liouse it would make a good site

for a ranger's home.

A small house occupied by Ranger Ettinger is inadequate for the
purpose and can no longer be used as a residence. Another cabin
is falling into decay, but a few repairs will retain it for a short
time.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

Roads.

367

During 1912 1.6 miles of old roads were brushed out for the first
time and 14.55 miles of old roads were repaired and made drivable.
An additional length of 12.34 miles was partly improved, but owing
to steep grades and roughness, are not in good condition for driving.
New fire lanes were opened for a distance of 1.56 miles, and old lanes
were rebrushed for a distance of 1.4 miles.

In 1013, 32.02 miles of roads were repaired, sprouted, and mowed;
30.21 miles of trails were sprouted and mowed; and 4.00 miles of
fire lanes, a total distance of 67.04 miles.

Labor.

This division has no permanent labor force, all labor being pro-
cured by the day. In 1012, the men boarded themselves at their
homes and received |1.50. In 1913 they demanded the same wages
and board. Labor is abundant in the spring and becomes scarce
about the middle of the summer. By this time arrangements usually
are made with nearby farmers or lumbermen for a few days' or
weeks' steady work.

Markets.

Nothing but building lumber is called for in the neighborhood.
Nearly every farmer has his own woodlot and cuts his own material.
Another product is car stuff. Ties, mine props, telephone and tele-
graph poles, acid and pulp wood are shipped. Little hemlock bark
goes by rail. Most of it is hauled to the tannery at Middleburg. The
haul is from 6 to 12 miles in the southern portion, and 1 to 8 miles
in the northern portion. Rates are variable and to principal shipping
points are as follows:

Harrisburg, per ton, $1.60

Williamsport, per ton, 1.65

Wilkes-Barre, per ton, 1.75

Shamokin, per ton, 1.34

Mt. Carmel, per ton, 1.45

Northumberland, per ton, 1.25

Nanticoke, per ton, 1.70

Millersburg, per ton, 1.35

The rate for hemlock bark is as follows:

Harrisburg, |1.25

Sunbury, •'^^

Middleburg, -65

24

368

REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.

Insects and Fungi.

The usual insects are present in this forest but are doing no appre-
ciable damage. The bark disease of the chestnut is present with a 1
per cent, degree of infection, and although nothing was done to check
it in 1913, little spread of the disease was noticed. In 1912 the
eradication of the chestnut blight was pursued vigorously. Over
4,000 acres of the forest were searched and all diseased trees de-
stroyed.

Forest Fires.

One forest fire occurred on State land during the year 1912, and
sprang out from a fire wliich was kindled for the purpose of burning
blighted chestnut wood. The area burned over was about 175 acres,
but little damage resulted. A few trees were scarred at the base
and the ui)per surface of the leaves only was burned.

Two fires occurred during 1913, botli in Ai)ril, and covered an area
of 2,400 acres. Both are believed to have had incendiary origin.

Trespass.

One case of tresi)ass occurred during the year, that by William
Douty, who cut 5,111 feet of i)itch ]nne on the Mary Albright war-
rant, ('laim was made to Mr. Douty for three times the value of
the material taken under authority of the law governing such cases.
He has paid the claim in full.

Topographic and Stock Survey.

A topographic and stock survey in this division is being carried
forward. A map has been pre])ared covering this division and a por-
tion of the Coburn and Kishacoquillas divisions. It shows the loca-
tion of all the mountain streams, springs, roads, trails, and fire lines;
county and township lines are indicated; cabins and camp sites are
marked.

Outing and Uecreation.

During 1912, 10 permits for camps Avere issued into this forest, 8
of which actually located. Orey squirrels and labbits are on the
increase. One deer was killed during the season and two bears.
Pheasants and wild turkeys were only moderately plentiful.

All camp sites will be numbeied from 401 to 499 inclusive. 13
]>ermits were issued during 1913 for 8 different cam]) sites. The
forester assisted in locating 7. 16 persons camped for fishing and
41 for hunting. Two deer, 1 bear, and 2 cubs were reported killed.

I ,

I ';

No. 26

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

369

Natural Uejro.MTntion ..f rit<h Pin., IMimp Station, Lycoming Co., September 24, VMl).

Wl.ito Pim- Iniiiivd by Kiost .m .Innr !>. Hil.l Crook "• ^V<?,'!, '""' '•'■•"''■'' "" ^''''

ll«'sult. Potter County. Soi»tt'nib(.'r 24, lUlJ.

Small game was abundant and seems to be increasing. Swift Run
was stocked with trout. Numerous water snakes are believed to
be responsible for trout destruction. Fishing cannot be said to be

good.

Forester Conklin reported to the office of the Department January
8th and first completed his 1912 report for Jacks Mountain Division.
Began planning the work for Mensuration and Silviculture and col-
lecting nursery and plantation data. Being still in charge of the
division, he returned to headquarters at Troxelville at stated times.

On January 23rd, with Forester Emerick, he was present at an
inspection of locomotives of the Buffalo and Susquehanna Railroad
Co. at Galeton. The Conservation Commission of New York was
lepresented by W. F. Purcell and the railroad by the Chief Fire
Inspector, C. H. Heath.

Prepared additional blanks for the keeping and study of nursery
records. Fertilization experiments in the nursery having been under-
taken as a result of a discussion growipg out of the Foresters' Con-
vention, the nurseries at Asaph, Mont Alto, and at Greenwood were
visited in company with Prof. Netoffsky, and the experiments as
outlined by him are now being tried. Some interesting material was
collected concerning reforesting experiments being made by various

foresters.

Assisted in gathering hemlock seedlings at Ansonia and in lifting
and bunching seedlings at the Asaph nursery. Was in attendance
during the forestry exhibit at Philadelphia throughout the week,
and helped ship the material back to Harrisburg.

Plans for topographic and stock surveys about to be undertaken
were prepared in June, July, and August. Report thereon is con-
tained elsewhere.

Visited the foresters in charge of lands in Mifflin, Huntingdon,
Perrv, and Franklin counties and discussed with them the plans
for making topographic and stock surveys.

Assisted Forester Elder in becoming acquainted with the Jacks
Mountain division from time to time, remaining with him as much
as seemed to be necessary.

Assisted Forester Bodine in a survey of the proposed site of the
forester's house in the Rothrock Forest.

Some studies in natural regeneration were made. The illustration
herewith shows pitch pine in Lycoming county. Frost injury to
young trees was noticed throughout the northern part of the State.
The injury to white pine in Potter county is also illustrated. The
drooping of the main shoot and its subsequent straightening leaves
a very decided crook in the stem.

24—26—1915

^!lt;l

;|H

:(

370

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

The practice of forestry in the Crossfork region by the farmers
of the 'neighborhood is an interesting historical fact which might
well be made the subject of further study

During October, November, and December of 1913, ^^s engaged
almost constantly with the topographic and stock Burvey work then
started on several divisions of the Seven Mountain Forest.

lU.

THE SEVEN MOUNTAIN FOREST, KISHACOQUILLAS

DIVISION.

Foiester, D. Kerr Warfteld, Milroy.

Forest Rangers:

H. J. Dean, Milroy.

T. L. Swartzell, Milroy, R. D.

William Wirth, Milroy.

This division of the Seven Mountain Fo.-est is situate in Mifflin
and Snyder counties and is divided into four ranges, the Wirth,
Havice, Tieaster, and New Lancaster.

Tile ranges have been di^ided into 10 blocks for convenience in
administration, and are as follows:

Wirth Range blocks 1, 2, 3; area 7,000 acres

Havice Range, ....blocks 4, 6, 5; area 8,000 acres
Trcaster Range, ..blocks 7, 8, 5; area 8,000 acres

Kew Lancaster

lounge, l>locks 9, 10,

The exterior boundary survey has not yet been completed but
the lines are comparatively well known, painted, and posted. Tlu
lack of survey causes difficulty in manajjement, and its early com
pletion is a matter of som^ moment to work within the division
' tsn.all area of virpn hemlock still persists in B ock 8, amounts,
to about 150 acres. Two acres of virgin pitch pine are contain,
in Block 2, and 80 acres of the same species in Block 0 Mu
the hemlock is hvper-mature and would produce at least 1,000,000
board feet For 'the present, however, it is inadvisable to place it
on tile market, because it surrounds the headwaters of a vahia^^^^^
stream, the soil is loose, and natural regeneration would be difficult.

5; area 10,800 acres

j^o 26. • DEPAR'^fMENT OF FORESTRY. 371

The material is 13 miles from a railroad. Its removal would require
the building of at least 2 miles of good earth road, and the expense
would be greater than the sale would warrant.

The pitch pine mentioned above should cut 525,000 board feet.
Both these stands are mature but show few signs of decay. It is,
therefore, inadvisable to market the material until the local private
supply has been more nearly exhausted.

That portion of this forest which has a density of 50 per cent, or
i-reater and in which improvement cuttings ought to be made at an
early date, would produce the following quantities of material:

Hemlock, 1,100,000 board feet

Pitch pine, 600,000 board feet

Mixed hardwoods, 300,000 board feet

The remainder of the area having a density of less than 50 per
cent, will be brought to a normal density by planting seedlings,
although it is recommended that broadcast seed sowing be tried
because of the character of the soil.

Springs and Streams.

This division of the State Forest contains 12 large springs and
several smaller ones. All have been cleaned and repaired, and if
located otf the main roads have well kept trails leading to them.
During 1012 these springs had continuous but variable flow.

The principal streams on the division are Laurel run, Coo})er's
(lap run, New Lancaster Valley creek, Treaster Valley creek, Havice
Valley creek, Weikert run, and Panther run.

The towns of Milroy, Reedsville, Yeagertown, Burnham, and Lewis-
town receive their water supply through the Lewistown, Reedsville,
and Milroy Water Company from Laurel Run, Cooper's Gap Run,
and Treaster Valley Creek on State lands. The only possible source
of contamination is in Treaster Valley, where the stream flows
through a farming region and cattle occasionally have access to the
water above the reservoir. In 1913, because of drought, the water
company had to enforce a restricted use of water.

Buildings and Repairs.

There are two abandoned farms and two sets of buildings within
this division, one in Treaster Valley and one in New Lancaster
Valley, the former being occupied by Ranger Swartzell and the latter
by Ranger Dean. The house in New Lancaster Valley was tempor-
arily repaired during 1912. A combined stable and shelter were built
in Treaster Valley.

Hii'f

372

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

In 1913 extensive repairs were made in New Lancaster Valley. It
is now one of the best and most comfortable places in the neighbor-
hood The buildings in Treaster Valley are now in fair condition,
having been painted during the year and a new roof placed upon
the house. It is not the custom in this region to paint farm buildings.
The State buildings, therefore, are in great contrast to those of private
owners. The repairs at the New Lancaster Valley farm, counting the
time of the forester and the rangers, amounted to $225.71, and are
very cheap at the price. The building of a telephone line to connect
forest headquarters with the rangers has been begun.

The lines of the Bell Telephone Company and the Commercial
Telephone Company cross the west end of the division for short
distances. Because of their location they are of little service at
present.

Koads.

Work during the summer of 1012 was carried on by the two
rangers on the Treaster Valley road east of Bear Gap. 0 miles of
old roads were brushed out for the tirst time and 17 miles rebrushed
and repaired. 1 mile of new fire lane was opened and a mile of
new road brushed and partly completed. The total number of miles
of opened highway on the division at that time included

51 miles of road
9 miles of trail
3 miles of fire lane
3 miles of boundary line

The improvements on the Treaster Valley road, which is rough and
one of the worst in the division, consisted of repairing culverts,
building of fordings, and covering about 40 rods of surface. 4 bridges
were repaired across Laurel Kun and in the western end of the divi-
sion all silt was removed from drains and culverts. In a number
of places the surface of the road was smoothed by breaking the larger

stones.

In 1913, 57 miles of roads, trails, and fire lines were repaired. The
work consisted principally of grading, brushing, and the opening of
drains. When once these roads are properly drained, expense for
repairs will be reduced. A new road li miles long was constructed
and has already proved its great worth. There exists a necessity
for more trails to be used in fire fighting.

Plantations.

During 1912, 46,000 2-year old seedlings of white pine were planted,
filling in vacant places and small areas.

j^o 26. DEPARTMENT^ OF FORESTRY. ' 373

In 1913, 9.7 acres were planted with white pine and .7 of an acre
with red pine. Plantations previously made, some of them under
adverse conditions, show a growth of 94.5 per cent, in Treaster
Valley, 93.7 in Lingle Valley, 97.4 in Lancaster Valley. The Havice
Valley' plantation of 1911 shows 82 per cent, of seedlings alive and
the Treaster Valley planting of 1912 42 per cent, only of living
seedlings. To date there has been planted on this division trees as
follows:

White pine, 278,000

Kedpine, 2,000

Lemlev willow, ^^^

280,500
covering an area of 141.4 acres.

The plantations are in general good condition, although there
have been some losses owing to drought and the trespassing of cattle.
Some of the trees were received in bad condition owing to delay
on the part of the railroad, and much of the loss must be attributed to
this cause.

Nurseries.

A small experimental nursery was established in New Lancaster
Valley and was first planted with white pine seed. Owing to drought,
the damping olf fungus, and the trespass of barnyard fowls, it con-
tained only 980 seedlings. Of these only 500 survived the winter.
2,800 willow cuttings were taken from the plantation made in 1911
and a new plantation established.

Sample Plots.

A small plantation for experimental purposes was made in New
Lancaster Valley using 500 Lemley willow in the spring of 1911, cover-
ing an area of 800 square feet. During 1912, the growth was such
that nearly 3,000 cuttings may be made for planting here or else-
where.

Labor.

Owing to the demand for labor throughout 1912, the rate of wages
rose from 15 cents per hour to 17^ cents. There is sufficient work
upon the State Forest to have a regularly employed labor force.
Light thinnings need to be made here and there, and road, trail, and
fire lane work should be extended more rapidly than it is at present
going on. Because of the nearby industries offering continuous em-

374

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

ployment and the local saw mills which will be in stock for a reason-
able length of time, it is more than dimcult to procure labor for
temporary work only.

In 1013 the price of labor went to 20 cents per hour.

Improvement Cuttings.

Some fire killed timber and other useless material on the west end
of the reserve would yield approximately 500 cords. There is little
demand for this wood, and what market exists is supplied by nearby
farmers, all of whom have mountain woodlots. The distance to mar-
ket is prohibitive in the matter of working out this material at a
profit for the present. In the east end of the division there is ap-
proximately the same quantity of timber which ought to be removed.
A small amount of cutting has been done.

Market Conditions.

There is a market for timber, but because of the distance it must
be moved to the railroad, practically whatever profit is yielded would
be eaten up by the expense. The nearby local mills find a ready
market with the Pennsylvania Railroad Co. The Kulp Lumber
Company at Shamokin, the Whilmer Company at Sunbury, the Oak
Extract Co. at Newport, and the paper mills at York Haven and
Lock Haven would absorb all such material which ought to be
removed from State land could the operation be cairied on without
loss.

Erosion.
The soil of this region is light and thin on Medina and Oneida
sandstone. The removal of the original timber cover permitted the
eroding of the hillsides and much of the former thin layer of soil has
now disappeared. When the original timber stand was intact, it is
known that a heavy layer of humus supporting a good natural re-
generation of trees was present and covered all loose rocky areas.
Today this has disappeared. There are acres of rocks without any
soil cover whatever. Tree regeneration of any kind, natural or arti-
ficial, is therefore at a decided disadvantage.

Insects and Fungi.

The usual forest fungi are at work here as elsewhere, attacking
and destroying the injured or fire killed timber, although to date
no great damage has resulted. The chestnut bark disease is present
but is not general in its attack.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OP FORESTRY

Forest Fires.

375

There were no forest fires on Uiis division during the year 1912.
Three forest fires occurred on State land during 1013, two of them
of considerable magnitude and covering a total area of 4,300 acres.
The drought pre\ailing at the time and the absence of a suitable
fire line as a base, explains the large area covered. The origin of
the fires is not known.

Outing and Recreation.

During the hunting and fishing season 35 permits to camp were
issued into this division in 1912. The streams are well stocked with
brook trout but are equally well fished. Deer and bear are abundant
on the State Forest. Two-thirds of the permits issued were for
hunting parties. It is known that 25 deer and 1 bear were killed
on tlie division during the season.

30 permits were issued during 1913. 20 deer and an elk were
reported shot. All camp sites will be numbered from 501 to 599
inclusive. 19 such sites have been prepared to date.

Lightning Report.

Report on the damage by lightning during the year 1912 is as
follows :

U

a>

ja

IB

a

May.

June.

July.

<

o

5

o

Red oak, ...
Yellow pine,
Hemlock, ...
Chestnut, ...
Wild cherry,
BlHok oak,
Rock oak, ..
White pine.
White oak,

Total,

2
2
2

1

9

2

1

i

i

i

i

i

2

1

i

25

So far as known, no trees were ignited by the current.

42 strokes of lightning were counted during 1913. The periods
of frequency were as follows:

j|!

I

376

REPORT OF THE ^^- ^^^

14

May, ^5

June, ^

July, 3

August ^

September, ^

October, • _^

42

The species struck were as follows:

Chestnut, 2

Hemlock, ^

Black oak, "

Pin oak,

Red oak, '_

Rock oak,

White oak, ** *

Pitch pine,

Yellow pine,

White pine,

42

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

377

32. THE SINNEMAHONING FOREST, AUSTIN DIVISION.

Forester, I*. Hartman Fox, Austin.

Forest Rangers:

M. A. Fourness, Coudersport R. D. No. 6.
Wesley Hackett,* Austin.
C. M. Head,t Austin.

The Austin Division of the Sinneniahoning State Forest is located
in the western part of Potter county and the northwestern portion
of Cameron county. Roughly it may be divided into three sub-divi-
sions, Odin, Sizerville, and Moores Run. The former Sizerville divi-
sion has since been separated from this area and erected into a forest
ill charge of a forester.

The division of the work for protective purposes permits Ranger
Fourness to patrol the Odin range and ranger Hackett the Moores
Run. The forester himself looked after the then Sizerville sub-
division. Ranger Hackett tendered his resignation in October and
C. M. Head was appointed as an emergency ranger.

The boundaries are comi)letely surveyed with the exception of a
small portion at the head of Bailey Run. Where the survey is
completed the lines have been posted and painted. The area of this
division is at present about 25,000 acres.

The State Forest in this region abounds in interior tracts. These
are small areas of cultivated land along the streams. Some of them
are only partly cleared. Danger from fire is augmented by reason of
these interior holdings.

There is no virgin forest on this division of the State land and
but 50 acres were added during the year. A mature forest with
a stuinpago content of about 4,000 board feet and 20 cords of wood
])er acre may be found over approximately 1,500 acres of the area.
The species represented are beech, maple, and hemlock, but mainly
hardwoods. No market for stumpage exists at ])resent. The nearby
wood-consuming plants are idle or going out of business. The pre-
vailing price per thousand feet for logs was |12.00. The price at
Gaines is $17.00 per thousand feet. 200,000 feet of logs are at
inesent available for delivery. The freight rate is unsatisfactory
and unsettled. The mature timber on the forest is of good quality.
Portable mills on or near the State Forest would be the most economic
way of working up the material. The delivery of the manufactured

•RpslRnod Ootobor 7. 1912.
tlU'gan service October 9, 1912.

3^3 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.

produ..t .ouU, 1.0 le. expen.ve than that ^^^'^--^^.teZll

A contvat ve estimate of .even „mUon feet stun.page - I-ob»bly

7 Wnr the nuantitv of material which might be removed from this

o est at n. s tile : 00 acre, of the above lie in a .olid block and form

forest at uiiMii" biiance is found in scattered patches.

LiLli< delayed means the loss of merchantable material. The
Te Z o he fo'ei to the best silvicultural condition makes
?hr ei^" of .nuch of this growth imperative. The flnancial results
make U eiedient. Such a clean-up will reduce the subsequent file
risk and natural regeneration will have a <-^^^

u,.„sl. and weed growth covers an area ot at least 10,00(» acres, iiu
rem Sert:? sLttered valuable species and occ^ional y good
tracts At least 5,000 acres will require planting. Over 100 ac.es
are occupied l.y sireams, 25 acres by roads, and 50 acres by fire
lanes.

Springs and Streams.

When the original timber cover was present, ^''^-^''fjj': ^i;;::
was well watered. Local opinion confirms the fact that the spnn.s
rsCwirg decreased flow. During 1012 there was an nbundance ol
fMlnnd stream flow was greater than usual. A ran. gauge fur-
led bytHnited States' Weather Bnreau showed that from
OcSer 7th to December 3lst, 7.3 inches of rain fell during 22 days.
In main springs are cleaned and accessible; "'-- -* '" «- ;
o ^f flipm ronsed entirely in 1913 or were j.n eatly reduced, b^ti earn
;rcon^^^ n^^^^^^ The Austin pulp mill shut down for

Z oHaTer Contamination of the streams ^s the rule rather than
the exception, except on State land.

Buildings and Repairs.

At present there are no buildings in this forest ^^-]---^'-^ ^^^^
State The tract is nearly encircled with telephone lines. Rangei
I'Ze^Ll a pay station in his house. The Bell TelepW^o
enioys an easement on State land ])etween Austin and Odin T^v
of the lines have been built by farmers. A farmers' line connects w tl

Lb 1 Company near Coudersport, and skirts tlie northeni edg
ofthe forest. Another reaches from Costello to Savoy, with Bell
exchange facilities. Bell service is available to the forester at Austin,

costing $1.50 per month. Service is satisfactory.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OP FORESTRY.

Roads.

379

All road work during the year 1912 consisted largely of the exten-
sion of fire lines, which were opened for 11^ miles. Much of the
time and labor required was expended in the removal of rocks and
trees lying within the lines.

The system of main township roads is sufficient for present pur-
poses, but they need to be kept in better repair and should not be
abandoned. There seems to be a disposition to do this on the part

of road authorities.

A better system of roads may be laid out upon the old township
and lumber roads. No road work was done during 1913. Fire lanes
to a distance of about 6 miles were improved. ^

Easements.

The Buffalo and Susquehanna Railroad Company crosses State
land for a distance of about 2 miles.

Plantations.
The following seedlings weie planted during 1912:

Red oak, 10,000 1-yr. 5 acres

White pine, 103,300 3-yr. 86^ acres

White pine, 9,200 2-yr. 7^ acres

Norway spruce, 900 2-yr. J acre

123,400 100 acres

All the above plantings were made at distances of G feet.

No special preparation of soil was made. It is of good depth and
rather free from stones. Repeated burnings had brought up a growth
of 11^3 cherry, sumac, and briars. The effect of this weed growth
upon the seedlings will be a subject for future study.

Plantings during the year 1913 were as follows:

Norway spruce, 2-3^ear, 28,500

White pine, 3-year, 99,500

White pine, 1-2-year, 1,900

Scotch pine, 2.year, 22,800

Scotch pine, 1-1 year, 2,500

Silver pine, 3 year, 5,000

J

159,300

330 REPORT OF THE O^- D««-

The area ,.lante<l to date with seed and see.lUng« within tin. forest
is 288.S acre.. Seedling trees plante<l to date are as follows:

389,000

Wl^it^l^^^^' 30,300

Scotch pine, ^ ^^^

Silver pine, ^^^^^

Norway spruce, ^'390

European larch, 10 000

Red oak, ^^^^

WMteash, ^^^^

Red ash, ^ ^^^

American elm, ^'^^^

Honey locust, ^

489,980
24 pounds of white pine seed were used for spot plantations.

Nurseries.

A small demonstration nursery has been located at Odin, established
in 1909. In the beginning it had an area of only one-tenth ot an acre,
but it has since been slightly enlarged. This small nursery has
attracted some notice in the neighborhood and many inquiries are
made regarding it. It has been a success in this direction alone. In
1912, it contained the following seedlings :

White pine, 3-2 year, ^^^^

White pine, 2 year, ^

White pine, 1 year, »'"""

Norway spruce, 2 year, ;^'"" ^

Norway spruce, 1 year, ^^

Scotch pine, 2-1 year, MOU

Scotch pine, 1 year, »'^^"

Ked pine, 2 year, -'J

Ked pine, 1 year, jf'^''

Douglas fir, 1 year, • ^^^^^'^

107,400

The seed planted in the nursery in the spring was as follows:

White pine, •• ^ P«^«^«

Scotch pine, ^ P««^d«

Norway spruce, *^ pounds

Douglas fir, i P^^"^

114 pounds

^^ 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. 381

This nursery is to be used principally for experimental and demon-
stration purposes. No further increase in size is therefore demanded.
Experimental plantations are to be made with the seedlings i.roduced.
' The educational value of this nursery is marked. Individuals aie
growing seedlings or making plantings. This part of its 1 eal value is
to be encouraged and extended.

The small experimental nursery has been increased to an area of
.16 of an acre. At the end of the 1913 growing season it contained
the following stock:

White pine, 2-1 year, 22,000

White pine, 1-1 year, lv">^><^

Norway spruce, 2-1 year, 10,000

Norway spruce, 1-1 year, 1 M^^^

Red pine, 2-1 year, -'""^^

*>^n
Red pine, 1-1 year, -'^"

Scotch pine, 2-1 year, -'"""

Scotch pine, 1-1 year, ^'^^^^

Douglas fir, 1-1 year, 200

39,550

Sample Plots.

All the plantings to 1913 are treated as expei i menial. The ell'ect
of the planting on the scrub growth is to be the subject of future
study. The principal fact to be learned is whether planting may be
made successfully without previous clearing of tlie aiea and prepara-
tion of the soil.

One experimental sample plot was made in April, l!)i:{, at the mouth
of Jacob's Run, using 5,000 3.year old Silver pine.

Labor.

There is abundant work awaiting labor in this region. The num-
ber of jobs exceeds the workers, and wages aie high, running about
|2 00 per day per man and |5.00 a day for a team. In a neighboring
hemlock woods labor is paid from |2.25 to .|L\50 per <lay with board.
The quality of labor is good but hard to get.

Markets.

There is no local market for material except a limited amount of
fuel wood. Markets are available at Hull, .lolinsonbnrg, and Austin.
The town of Austin consumes about 1,0(M) cords of wood a year for
fuel purposes at a price ranging from ?1 .7r> to |2.00 per cord. Timber

REPORT OF THE

Oft. Doc.

382

1,1 f r. h Hflinps for $17.00 per thousand. Paper
in the log may be sold t. o. b. Oaines ror » i . i

wood is worth 15.50 per Ions cord on board at Aistin. the aige
r, it Anstin'and Keating Sun,n,it ^^^^^^y ^'^/^^J^^
lumber, but their life is li.nited. The prues 1'"" ^i/^^^'^'^^/^i'^
*i2r,o ner thousand feet for hardwood logs and flO.OO tor hemiocK
Selivered A pulp mill at Austin is today using refuse hemlock.
dtUveieu A 11 , j.,,i,,.,,,,d stations at Austin,

^sX a^K^ Bulir The U.ngest haul to the railroad
Ttn miles, and all are down grade. 50 cents per short ton xs th

ailroad rat'e fron. Austin to Hull, with '-"""'''S/Xlw be r ■
.r.A^ Tn market the present reserve stock whicli btiouKi oe le
TveS it tould hat to bi done by portable saw mills. Much of the
wolfdassed at present as weeds is without u.a,ket anywhere For-
Tt ranger Head has suggested that the tire cherry be used tor the
making of berry baskets and similar containers.

Improvement Cuttings.

An improvement cutting made prior to 1012 i« showing good

,efults in a .nore unilV.rm stand in the growing stock. The species

s uractically pure yellow birch. Other cuttings ought to be made

Tut a lack oiiuarket for the product renders such work inexpedient.

Erosion.

Erosion here is not marked because the area has (luickly been cov-
ered Willi weeds, brush, bracken, au<l other ve^^etable growth. Upon
cultivated private land, however, it is very noticeable.

Insects and Fungi.

Owing to the moist and favorable season, an unusual quantity of
sap and heartwood rot fungus has appeared during 1912. The black
cherry was defoliated by the forest tent caterpillar. A leaf miner
attacked the aspens in the late summer. A few white pines were lost
from an unknown cause. The chestnut bark disease probably made
its appearance in 1913.

Forest Fires.

There were no forest fires on State land during 1912. The largest
fire within the region on private land covered 100 acres and originated
from si)arks caused by burniug the flood refuse between Austin and

Costello. ^ . . ^ , ^^ ,

In 1913, 13 fires occurred within this region. 12 originated on State
land, T) burning within thc^ forest, covering an area of 725 acres. In
Jome cases the loss was small and in others total.

^^ 26. DEPARTMENT OF FOUESTllY. 383

Trespass.

Two small violations, one of timber trespass and one of fire, occur,
red during 1913. Settlement of one is in progress and the other hangs
upon the procuring of evidence.

Outing and Recreation.

This region has not yet become suiliciently well stocked with a
new forest to invite the game, consequently it does not invite the
hunter. There is a lack of all large game. Snmll game, rabbits,
grouse, and squirrels, seems to be abundant. Excellent trout fishing
may be found within the streams on State land. The people of the
neighborhood gather ginseng, raspberries, and black berries. There
were no camp permits issued during 1912 or 1913 for any portion of
this division.

Lightning Report.

Without being able to specifiy the month, it was discovered that
during the year 13 trees had been struck by lightning, as follows:

Hemlock, ^

Hard maple, ^

Red oak,

Black cherry, ^

13

14 trees were struck during 1913, one of which, a hemlock, was
i'mited. 5 hemlocks and H chestnut stubs were struck dui-ing July and
a hemlock in August.

- ■(

25

384

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc,

33. THE srNNRMAHONlNG FOUEST, HULL DIVISION.

Forester, H. Lawrence Vail,* Courad.
Forester, (^.eorge S. l'erry,t Conrad.

Foiest Kiuif^ers:

A. A. Hei)iiett,J Hull.
A. W. Ayres,! Costello.

The Hull division of this State Forest is not yet well marked. In
this reSon interior tracts, of which there are a nun.ber, are of value
b oa,": Iheir holders have learned to know the value of tnnber and
!;; p-e^MvinR it, and are nsin, all ,.ro„e. precautions to prevent and

<^\tiii*niish forest (ires. , . ^ t +1.^

T le boundary survey is incon.plete and the exact s atus of t le

Vines is in dispute in n.any ,.laces. Until survey can he u.ade the
o"st officers Ire not at all sure of their rights and .n..tat,ous lie

whole division includes 2:>>,290 acres. There '^^ -rpn for A

tl.e land has been severely culled. Over an a.ea of 4,000 aces ^^ 1 1

b^fo nd son.e n.atuve and hypermature trees, including beech maple
ird basswoo<l, white ash, cherry, and hemlock. Nearly al has s f-

R-ed Surv fron. Are, the attacks of insects, and fungi A dens, y

f 50 .er c;nt. and over is found probably on 20.0(.0 aces. Only the

ntu, Hu.ber stands and a few of the dense stands of young growth

nee improvement at this time. 15,000 acres need nothmg but
rotection. an.l the stand upon 22.000 acres will reach normal density
1 rougb ,. otection ab.ne. An area of 2,500 acres has a de.^ity of
•".MO per cent. 1o 5(. per cent.; weeds and briars cover 800 acres.
Natural reforesting is occurring but could be greatly assisted by
pHnt n.' There a>e no rocky areas upon which planting would be
inadvisable. Streams cover 10 aces; roads and trails 31i acres, Are
lanes 32 acres.

Sjirings and streams.

The division is well supidied with many springs. All are made
accessible and a number posted. Where the forest cover is dense
the spring flow is steady. On the thin, cutover lands it va. .es with
precipitation. The removal of the heavy timber cover has caused
many of the streams to become .Iry during the summer season. Some

♦Itosipnod Scptomhor 30, 1S13.
tAprolntort Septpml.er 1. 1913.
tllpsigned Noveinbpr 30. 1912.
Jlifgan siTvlce May 1, 1913.

jj^ 26. DEPARTMENT 0¥ FORESTRY. 385

flow underground for long distances and emerge as great springs at
lower levels. There is no contamination of the waters except from the
town of Hull, but south of Wharton the Sinnemahoning Creek is
black with the waste from the paper mill at Austin and the Costello
tanneries.

Buildings and Repairs.

The only building owned by the State in the region is a tool house
on lands of the Cooperage Company at Hull. Two lines of tele,.hone
9i miles in length, have been constructed.

"The Galeton and Hull Telephone Company operates a line through
Hull to Wharton, but the service is unsatisfactory.

Roads.

During the vear 1912 three miles of new road were brushed out
and partly coinpleted. At present there are open for use 5 miles of
public road, 10.i miles of trails, and 1\ miles of tire line.

The road work in 1913 consisted of brushing, and covering a dis-
tance of something over 9 miles.

Easements.

The tracks of the Buffalo and Susquehanna R. R. Co. extend
through or along the edge of the forest for a distance of 22 miles
The railroad officials and the employes are friendly to the work of
the Department. The severe fires in the past have started from the
railroad The Tide Water Pipe Line Co. has au easement for a
right of way through a portion of the forest. An easement or a
fourth part of the minerals, oil, and gas over a portion of the lands
is reserved to the estate of William Bingham.

Minerals.

A few small coal pockets a.-e fou.ul here and there located in the
upper measures. Oil and gas have been found near the State land.

Plantations.
During 1912 seeds were planted in a small experimental nursery,
as follows:

White pine, ^ pounds

^^,.^ 1 pound

Scotch pine, ^

Douglasfir, ^ P^""'^

6^ pounds

25—26—1915

REPORT OF THE ^^- ^^^-

38o

Seedlings planted were as follows: ^^^^

European larch, 2-.year ^ ^^^

Enroi)ean larch, 3 -year 25 100

White pine, 3-year, tr ^^^^

Red oak, 1-year, 2400

American elm, 2-year, '

33,300

During 1013, trees were planted as follows: ^^ ^^^

White ])ine, 2-year, ^^'^^^

White pine, 3-year, ^^^^

Silver pine, 3.year, '

76,500

The total planted area is 48 acres, 3Ti of which were made during
V)V\ The seedlings planted to date are as follows:

, . . .. 06,500

White pine, ^^^^

European larch, ^^- ^ ^^^^ ^^.^^^^^

^i^^'^^r^' 3,000

Red oak,

Sugar maide, ^ 400

American elm, '

110,550

At places a large area of this forest is covered with millions of
seedlings of the hard maple.

Nurseries.
F.„uu'r .anfior l!..nu..|t sla.l.m a s.uall n,ivs,My in the spriu!,' <.f
l.,„8. ,.si„K a tnut 50 f.-et sMuar.-. The ....n.lu.-t <.f the nursery was
tempted until the spring of 1911, when 10 pounds of white pine
seed, 1 pound of S.ot.h pine. 2 pounds of Norway spruce 2 pounds
of 1 uropoan larch, and 1 pound of rod pine were planted. The
«ern>ina ion was poor and the di.natic .onditious of the sunnner and
winter were ap.inst its suc.ess. At the en<l of that year .t showe<l
onlv a content of 5.000 seedlings, as follows:

• , . . 2,500

Scotch pine ^20

;;^;i''"":' ::::::: 1,200

Euroi)ean larch,

450
Norway spruce,

5,000

j^^ 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. 387

In the spring of 1912, 5 pounds of white pine, | ponnd of Douglas
fir, 1 pound of Scotch pine were planted and the following is the
inventory for that year:

Seedlings 1 year old.

,, , r 2,200

Douglas fir, ^ ^^^^

^^^oichviue, ^;;^^

White pine, • '

Seedlings 2 years old.

r. X t. • .... 800

S^^t^^P^^"^ 1,000

AVhite pine, '^^^

Norway spruce, ^

17,450

The cultivated area of the nursery at present is 1,700 square feet.
This nursery is not located on State land, hut is an old garden on
private land owned by the Cooperage Company. Tl.e present location
is not the best but probably the best that can be had.

In 1013 7 pounds of seed of Norway spruce, Avhite i)ine, and
European 'larch were sown. A small nuiseiy was begun in 101 :^ by
Kan-er Avres in Tiouty Kun. It covers about one-sixteenth of an
acre? These two small areas at present contain the following stock:

0 41 «S
White pine, 1-year, ' '

White pine, 2-year ^^f""

Scotch pine, 1-year, ^'*|

Scotch pine, 2-year ^'^"^

European larch, 1-year, ii qro

Norway spi uce, 1-year i nra

Douglas fir, 2-year ' ' '

42,111

At present these nurseries are maintained chiefiy for their educa-
tional value.

Labor.

Wvn'^ in the legion of this forest have been good. .Jobbers paid
tl.^ir men in the woods f2.(»0 per day and board. The mill at Hull
paid from ^1.75 to |2.00 ])er day for unskilled labor. The State
has had to pay 20 cents per hour on survey work. Labor within the

388

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

State Forest recently has been $1.05 per day. Team hire ranges from
40 cents to 50 cents per hour and teams are difficult to procure. Ox
teams may be had for from 30 cents to 45 cents per hour. The cooper-
age company will finish its work shortly and move elsewhere. This
will make labor scarcer than ever. The Ifibor of the community is of
the Avoods type and used to heavy work.

Tm]>rovement Cuttings.

Contracts have been entered into with H. R. Walker and Damon
Watson to do certain improvement work under the direction of the
forester and a few other contracts are in progress. They are taking
ont the fnngus infested, wind shaken, frost cracked, leaning, and dead
tiees. and making space for a great number of seedlings to grow. into
good stock. The material being removed would be worthless and un-
niarketable within five years.

Markets.

The Ko])a Coo])erage Co. consumes all sound salable wood of a
diameter of 8 inches and u[)wards. It is probable that a powder
manufacturing f^ant may take the place of the cooperage company
after it finishes its work. An acid factory is also probable. This
will take the dead and down stufl*. The coo])erage com])any has con-
sumed from five million to six million feet per year of all s})e(ies,
s[)ecifying beech, birch, ma])Ie, basswood, chestnut, and gum ])rin-
cipally of <S inches in diameter and of any length. The prices at the
mill are f^l^.OO per thousand delivered. Stumpage ranged from |2.00
to |3.50 according to location. All kinds are called fV^ by the wood
industries at Galeton, Hull, Austin, Costello. The best and most
accessible stands have already been taken, (^)rd wood is bought by
the chemical and ])ai)er com])anies. Logs are taken by the (Jaleton
mills and the cooperage ])lant. Hemlock bark is called for by the
tanning companies. Hendock, beech, birch, and maple are the ])rinci-
pal woods taken in all the markets. Lack of material is causing
many of the sho]>s to run on half time. Fuel market is poor because
waste wood is abundant. Timber prices are good and steadily in-
creasing. Competitive bidding brings better net results. Transpor-
tation rates are high. There is a small nearby lumber mill belonging
to a few farmers. This may be brought into more active operation
later on.

Erosion.

Frosion is slight on State land because of the good humus cover
and the unbroken crown in many jdaces.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

389

Forest Fires.

Two small fires occurred during 1912, one in May covering 50
acres, the other in July covering 4 acres. The loss in each instance
amounted to a total so far as the woody cover was concerned.

755 acres of State land were burned during lOK^ in four different
fires. Three of these likewise burned ui)on private land. The private
land burned greatly exceeded the area of State land. Brush burning
and railroad fires are responsible for most of the cases. Three observ-
atory towers weie built during the year.

Trespass.

Bee hunting on State land is about the only violation of the State
rules detected. The hunters are extremely hard to find. Bee keej)ers
in the neighborhood are anxious for the extermination of the wild
colonies to prevent the spread of foul brood. It is suggested that
all wild colonies on State land and elsewhere be destroyed to ex-
terminate the disease and then start over again.

Outing and Kecreation.

No ]>ermits for camping were issued for this forest in 1912. There
was some hunting but no deer were leported killed. Other game con-
sists of |)heasants, scpiirrels black and grey, and Vabbits The chief
enemies to the small game are wild cats and forxes. •

One deer and 3 bears were taken during 101.'?, Numerous wild cats,
foxes, skunks, minks, weasels, and raccoons were killed. Grouse and
small game are abuiulant.

Trout fishing is good and many were caught during the two seasons.
The ])eople of the neighboThood make free use of the State land. The
school children gather nuts and the older residents hunt ginseng.

All camp sites in this foiest will be numbered from 3801 to 3800
inclusive. Four such sites have thus far been established, named,
•and posted.

Lightning Report.

So far as known, 1 hemlock tree was struck in the month of .Tune
and 1 hard maple in the month of August. Another hendock was
struck and ignited in the month of July.

390 llEPORT OF THE Off. Doc.

During 1013, three trees were struck and shattered, two in June and
one in July. The species were:

Hemlock stub, 1

Butternut, living, 1

Hard maple, living, 1

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

391

One noticeable fact regarding liglitning is that it more frequently
strikes the old dead stubs than it does the living green timber.

U. THE SINNEMAHONTNO FOREST, MEDIX DIVISION.

Forester, James A. Irvin,* Medix Run.
Forester, Charles E. Zerby,t Medix Run.
Forest Ranger, M. N. U. L. Brooks, Driftwood.

Geology.

The division and the adjacent lands, according to their geological
cliaracteristics, may be divided inio two general groups, separated by
a line running from Cole's house on the Driftwood road east to Medix
Run headquarters, and thence southwest to the Clearfield county line,
along the tops of the liills above Medix Run.

Tliis general division must be made because of the influence of the
^'Driftwood Anticlinal," the most important anticlinal to be found
in the region. The axis of this anticlinal runs from Driftwood to
Clearfield in a southwesterlv direction. It raised the strata so hijrh in
relation to their elevation at the Bennett's Branch of the Sinnemahon-
iTig Creek that they were easily the first eroded away, and this ero-
sion has taken away the many characteristic and valuable parts of the
lower productive coal measures, as the upper strata are called. How-
ever, in three different peaks of the mountains between the anticlinal
and Bennett's Branch, Ihese coal measures are capped with Pottsville
conglomerate and they remain intact. These three peaks have all
been mined, and contain several veins, probably the Alton coal beds.

•iroslpiH'd Soi)t«»Tnl'or 30. 1913.
tApiiolntod Spptomhor 1, 1913.

One of the peaks belongs to the Commonwealth, and has a four feet
vein, situate on Warrant 5333. Its area cannot be over 200 acres. It
has a very good roof and if it were not so far from the market, it
could be worked profitably. The rest of the forest lies within the re-
gion south of the line mentioned, and is covered with sandstone rep-
resenting the Pocono sandstone group. The Lincoln Farm, belonging
to ranger Brooks, having an elevation of about 150 feet above the sur-
i«ounding plateau of sandstone, has a snifall cap of shales and clays,
with a smut of coal, remains probably of the representatives of Mauch
Chunk red shale and the lower productive coal measures. This peak
is 310 feet above the surrounding plateau. No other peaks are to be
found within this forest. The surface of the reserve has a nearly
level, but broadly undulating, topography, with outcrops of conglomer-
ate associating with the Pocono sandstones. The Mauch Chunk shale
of this region lies close to the lower Alton coal, and at certain points
has a heavy deposition of good fire clay. Openings for fire clay have
been made at the towns of Medix Run and Benezette, and one was
made in June, 1913, on the land of Clark, Brown, and Hough, lying
directly north of State land, at a point in Mud Lick hollow, warrant
5343, one-quarter mile south from the State line. It showed 9 feet
of good fire clay. There is some indication that tire clay may be
found on warrant 5333, below the Alton coal. This peak liere is known
as Old Roundtop, and is the highest point in Benezette township, as
well as on the Medix division, being 2,330 feet above sea level. The
plateau is generally at an elevation of about 2,000 feet and the indica-
tions are that nothing but sandstone is to be found for a depth of at
least 1,000 feet.

To the north and northwest of the line mentioned as being the di-
viding line between the two types of localities, the edge of the plateau
i-' cut up into very steep ravines by erosion, the heads of the ravines
having outcroi)s of sandstone and conglomerate, down to an elevation
ranging from 1,330 to 1,610, generally where the strata of Mauch
C/hunk red shale are found. These latter are but 50 feet in depth, and
again are associated with fire clay and a streak of coal varying in
thickness from 4 inches to IG inches. The soil is greenish at such
places, due to the eroding away of the red shales, which are more sus-
ceptible to decoloration than the green shales. Below the Mauch
Chunk shale is found the Catskill sandstone, and this continues to
appear until the lowest point of the township is reached. No glacial
drift occurs anywhere in this region. The valleys have a heavy de-
position of shales and clays on the surface, caused by the erosion of
the lower productive coal measures, Pocono sandstones, and Mauch
Chunk shales. This deposition does not form a gradually sloping
talus on the sides of the steep hilly ravines, but thins out rapidly as

392

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc

ciio <'oes up tlie mountain, niakinor the main valleys very narrow, so
far as agriculture is concerned. The region is remarkably well
adapted to the growing of timber, as the annual rainfall is reported
t(. be 45 inches. The erosion going on at present is confined to the
roads ascending the steep ravines, as the hills and the plateau are
covered with an ad(Miuate protection of brushy growth.

The Medix Division of this forest lies in both Cameron and Elk
counties, 0,500 acies in the former and 18,000 in the latter, a total of
24,500, not yet suit-divided into compartments. The boundary survey
lias n(')t yet^)een started. There is no mature or hypermature forest,
}.nd only a few large sized trees. Only one area of 200 acres has a
density in excess of 50 per cent. 8,000 acres have a density of from
10 per cent, to 50 per cent, covei ed with hardwood brush. The balance
oi the forest, 1(>,500 acres, is covered with brush and fire killed timber.
There is no cleared land. Natural regeneration, with protection, is
j)ioceeding favorably. More than half the area requires reforesting

by planting.

There is but one interior tract, the Lincoln Farm of 173 acres, de-
sirable for observation ]nii poses and the home of a forest ranger.

Springs and Streams.

Springs are made accessible, cleaned, and posted, and usually have
camping sites located near them. Springs and camp sites bear the
same name. Th(^ character of the region is such that the contamina-
tion of springs and streams is remote.

Buildings and Repairs. .^

The buildings consist of an 8-room forester's house near the sta-
tion at Medix Run and the necessary out-buildings. Six permanent
camps are located within the division, three of which are in good
condition, while the others aie mere sheds. Thirteen miles of tele-
phone line have been built from the forester's office to the Lincoln
farm. A 3-mile extension is in progress. At Medix Run he has tele-
],hone c(mnection with local lines and to the Bell line at DuBois. Ad-
ditional poles are needed to take the place of trees and stumps.

Roads.

All the mountain roads are in bad condition, needing ditching and
surfacing. Swami)y spots are found in those on the plateau. Their
use as fire lanes is difficult because of heavy growth of grass. Nine
niiles of fire lanes and eight miles of road were improved in 1012.
Total length of o})en roads is 18 miles and of trails 14 miles.

No. 26.

departmp:nt of forestry,

3&3

Tn 1913, about 4 miles of roads, trails, and fire lanes were improved.
The main road from Medix Run to Driftwood is the basis of all road
operations, and passes midway through State land. All other roads
lead from it right and left down the hollows.

Minerals.

Coal is reported in the neighborhood but its character is unknown.
Its actual existence has not yet been brought to the notice of the for-
ester.

Plantations.

During 1913, 47,200 white pine 1-1 seedlings were planted, covering
an area of about 31 acres. This plantation is the beginning of a plant-
ing to cover a strip one-fourth of a mile wide and two miles in length
along the old railroad grade. . »:

• \;

Nurseries.

A small experimental nursery was started in the spring of 1913,
using Norway spruce, European larch, and white pine. The white
pine failed. There are approximately 30,200 spruce and 14,000 larch
in the nursery. There is an abundance of good land for the estab-
lishment of a large State nursery and almost any known exposure may
be had.

Labor.

Wages range from 16 cents to 25 cents per hour. Boys receive 15
cents per houi*. By the day, men ask $^ .ir^ or |1.25 with board. Labor
is scarce in the whole region. Nearly all available men work at the
tannery, whei-e wages jirevail from IC cents to 25 cents per hour. It
is not jjossible to get together more than a dozen men in any emerg-
ency. Teams cost |5.00 per day.

Markets.

No large timber using industries are near at hand. Small market
is found locally for mine props, caps, ties, and hemlock bark. Du-
Bois, 28 miles, and Pittsburgh, 150 miles distant, are the ultimate out-
lets for all products in quantity.

Insects and Fungi.

The chestnut blight has not yet appeared in this forest. The fire
killed timber is being destroyed by various species of saprophytic
fungi. The presence of the white pine weevil has been noted.

I

i

394 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.

Forest Fires.

No fires occurred on the division during 1912. Two fire observa-
tories are needed. A cleai* vision of ten miles may be had from them.
One would be convenient to the present telephone line. But one
I'orest fire occuned on State land during 1913, although that covered
an area of 2,000 acies. Two otlier nearby fires on private lands oc-
curred in April. No definite knowledge of their origin is at hand.

Outing and Kecreation.

The location of camp sites is marked on the division map. Deer are
abundant and \H are reported taken during 1912; also five bears. At
least 150 hunters camped during the season.

in 191:5, two camping parties located within the forest during the
year for tlie fishing privilege. One party brought with it too much
liquor and became disorderly. No hunting permits were issued. All
hunters came on tlie State land for a day only. 25 deer were taken,
2 bears were killed, and numerous pheasants and other small game.

Trout fishing was fair; bass and eels are found in the larger
streams.

rermanent camp sites within this division will be numbered from
;>,101 to 3,199 inclusive. Thus far 37 permanent sites have been lo-
cated.

Lightning Report.

Four trees weie struck and shattered so far as could be noted, dur-
ing 1913, 1 in September and 3 in October. The species struck were

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

305

Chestnut,

White pine, (dead).

2

2

35. THE SINNEMAHONING FOREST, SlNNEMAHONL.N<i

DIVISION.

Forester, Harry E. Elliott, Sinnemahoning.

Forest Rangers:

R. M. Crum, Sinnemahoning.
L. C. Wykoflf, Firstfork.
Joseph Kissell,* Sterling Run.
C. A. Swartz,t Sterling Run.
C. M. Bailey,t Sinnemahoning.

The Sinnemahoning division contains about 00,000 acres. The
boundary lines of this division are not yet surveyed. Corners and
lines are difficult to find. Posting has been done as well as possible
under the circumstances. There are a few hypermature trees. Many
defective hardwoods exist, which will be removed through improve-
ment cutting. Market conditions are such that all product thus de-
rived may be sold. 10,000 acres have a density of 50 per cent, or
more, 3,000 acres are in need of improvement. 7,000 acres will suf-
ficiently stock the land if protected. 30,000 acres have a density of
from 10 per cent, to 50 per cent, principally hardwoods. Planting
here must be resorted to. 15,000 acres are brush lands. On 5,000
acres there is no regeneration.

Springs and Streams.

Springs are abundant. The principal ones are being made acces-
sible and are kept clean. The flow is regular in most of them. Many
become dry during drought. No streams are contaminated except in
the main valley, where they receive the refuse from pulp mills, tan-
neries, coal mines, and dynamite works.

Buildings and Repairs.

A lumber camp and two barns are at the head of Wykoff Run, occu-
pied by Ranger Bailey. New paper roofs were supplied. The lumber
i« at hand for building new buildings, which are badly needed. A
telephone line is in course of construction. When finished it will
cover about 9^ miles from the ranger^s home to the forester's head-
quarters at Sinnemahoning.

•Died May 19, 1912.
tBegan aervlce July •, 1912.
iBegan aeryice April 1, 1918.

396

REPORT OF THE

OiT. Doc.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY,

397

I

Eoads.

The total length of open road in 1912 was 25 miles; trails 2 miles;
fire lanes 41 miles. During the year the forester expended labor on
14 different roads. Improvement consisted principally of ditching
and surfacing; also grading, bridging, and mowing of the brush, where
needed.

In 1913, about 70 miles of roads, trails, and fire lanes were worked
over and improved during the year. Two miles of new trail were con-
structed.

Plantations.

During 1912, 29,000 seedlings, covering an area of about 11 acres,
were planted. They included

15,000 White pine.
12,000 Norway spruce.
2,000 Pinus ponderosa.

In 1913, the following plantations were made:

White spinice, 3-year tr.,
White pine, 3-year tr., . .

2,500
2,500

To date 28 acres have been planted on the division, using 70,000
seedlings, of which 42,500 are white pine, 12,000 are Norway spruce,
2,500 are white spruce, 2,000 are Pinus ponderosa, 3,000 are black
cherry, 2,000 are red oak, 6,000 are red ash.

Nurseries.

A small nursery was started in 1911 and in 1912 contained 5,500
1-year old white pine seedlings. Another was begun in 1912. They
together sliow the following inventory:

White pine, 2-year, 5,386

White pine, 1-year, 1,884

One of the nurseries is in charge of Ranger Crum and the other of
Ranger Wykoff. The damping-off fungus is prevalent and causes the
loss of many seedlings. The results are not yet satisfactory.

Sample Plot.

A small experimental planting was made in a bracken thicket. Until
the plot burned over the young pines were making good growth and

would have shaded out the bracken. 2,000 additional Pinus ponderosa
were later planted for the same purpose. A great many of these were
also burned. Spot planting has since been tried but the success of this
method is not assured.

Labor.

The cost of labor is from |1.75 to $2.00 per day. Teams cost $4.00
per day. Other industries have come in to take the place of former
lumbering. There is an abundance of work to be done, wages are
good, but men are scarce.

Improvement Cuttings.

White pine injured by recent fire is being lumbered off by the regu
lar forest force. It \n\\ yield probably 50,000 feet.

Markets.

Almost all of the material within the forest is so situate that it
is difficult to market. Marketing operations would probably be con-
ducted at a loss. There is much scattered dead timber but it cannot
be removed at a profit. Many fire scarred and hollow trees ought to
be removed, as they will never make good lumber. All could be spared
without increasing danger from erosion. Such material near the rail-
road can be disposed of at a profit. By competitive bidding, a tract of
such damaged timber w^as sold to Huntley and Bailey at $3.05 per
thousand mill cut. All fire-killed trees, which included white pine,
yelloAv pine, hemlock, and hardwoods, were marked and taken. Nearly
a million and a half feet were thus disposed of. On the area whence
this was taken, more than a half million feet were left standing.

Erosion.

On the steep hills where fires have burned severely, erosion is be-
coming apparent.

4

Forest Fires.

Three fires occurred during 1912, covering an area of 800 acres. In
all these fires only the toj) layer of leaves was burned and no serious
damage resulted, not over 10 per cent, of the inferior growth being
killed.

In 1913, 3,700 acres of State land were burned over. The fires were
particularly severe, probably the most destructive for years. The

398

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

drought and great heat made it difficult to extinguish them. Con-
stant patrolling had to be kept up. The railroads make an effort to
prevent fires. The Pennsylvania is the more successful of the two.

Outing and Kecreation.

Twenty-five temporary camps were located on the division during
the hunting season of 1912. Thirty-five deer and ten bears were re-
ported taken and a large quantity of smaller game.

In 1913, forty camps were located within the State Forest during
the hunting season, with 373 campers. Probably 500 men hunted
upon the State land. All conducted themselves well. Thirty deer
and ten bears were taken. Fishing has been good. Twelve fishing
camps and sixty-five persons occupying them were out in the spring.

Lightning Keport.

The unusual prevalence of severe thunder storms in this region is
to be noted.

The forester and his rangers counted 57 trees struck and shattered
b}' lightning during 1012. The period of greatest frequency was dur-
ing the months of July and August, and the trees struck by species
in the order of frequency, are as follows:

Chestnut, 12

White pine, 10

Red oak, 10

Hemlock, 8

Rock oak, 7

Yellow pine, 6

White oak, 4

57

Of the above tiees, two hemlcoks, three pines, one chestnut, and
tour red oaks were dead. Two dead pines were ignited by the current.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

399

36. THE SINNEMAHONING FOREST, SIZERVILLE DIVISION.

Forester, W. B. Evans, Sizerville.

The forester on this division took charge September 1, 1912, prior
to which time this area was attached to the division under Forester
Elliott. It divides naturally into western, eastern, and southern sub-
divisions, lying both in Cameron and Potter counties, and contains
about 20,000 acres. The tract was recently lumbered and conse-
(uiently has no virgin or mature forest. Repeated fires following the
lumbering have burned the slash and retarded young growth.

In general the rock formation of the district dips to the northeast
with a slight local dip to the region immediately surrounding Sizer-
ville. Grey and light brown soils from shales and sandstones of the
Chemung and Catskill groups are exposed in the valleys and on the
lower slopes; grey and red soils from shales and sandstones of the
Pocono and Mauch Chunk groups, on the higher slopes; and a con-
glomerate, evidently the Olean, on some of the hill tops. On a few of
the higher summits of the southern portion particularly, the Lower
Productive coal measures are present, but probably not in merchant-
able quantities. Although the division lies very close to the southern
limit of the area of glacial deposit it is thought that none of the soil
here is of that origin. This belief is based on the general character of
the soils, the lack of large rounded boulders usually present in a
moraine district, and on a soil map issued by the U. S. Bureau of

Soils.

The region may be spoken of as a great plateau, sloping t^ ^^e soutli
and varying in height from 1,600 to 2,300 feet above tide. The action
of water has carved out many deep narrow valleys in this highland un-
til now about 75 per cent, of the whole can be classified as hilly and
broken. The remainder retains the plateau appearance. Tributaries
of portage and North Creeks drain the eastern and western portions
and Hunt's Run the southern portion. All drainage reaches Sinne-
mahoning Creek and finally the Susquehanna.

Local climate does not difl'er materially from that of other parts
of the State having the same latitude. Long, cold winters with fre^
quent breaks are the rule, with plenty of rain throughout the year
except for occasional short periods. Old residents say that these dry
spells most frequently come in late spring or early summer and it
seems to hold true. In nearly a year and a half May has been the
only month in which there was serious danger to forest property
from fire. The growing season being scarcely started at this time,

26

400

REPORT OF THE

Ofle. Doc.

the lack of foliage and herbaceous growth leaves nothing to hinder
the progress of fire when once started.

The boundary survey has been partially made and some brushing
out has been done. Corners are well marked. About 1,000 acres have
ii density in desirable species of more than 50 per cent. From 3,000
to 5,000 are above 20 per cent. The remainder will run about 5 per
cent. The hardwoods are coming in well, but conifers are scarce. To
maintain a proper balance planting with the evergreens must be
largely the work of the future. An abundance of dead material suit-
able for fuel is scattered over the land. Prices are such that it cannot
be profitably harvested. In one locality 200,000 board feet of fire-
killed saw timber might be procured and should be removed to prevent
y^ aste.

Springs and Streams.

All the year round springs are numerous, at least 20 have been
cleaned and made accessible. They are subject to variation, but none
ceases to flow. All springs and streams are free from danger of con-
tamination.

Buildings and Kepairs.

The lumbermen left a number of old shacks on the tract and they
have little value. What is known as the Mackay cabin in East Cow-
ley Kun, is the best of them, but none of them is worth repairing.
The lines of the Bell Telephone Company afford good telephone con-
nection. The free wire between Sizerville and Emporium is of local
value.

Eoads.

During the short time in 1912 that the forester was in charge, he
opened and improved a fire lane of nearly 4,000 feet to a width of 15
feet. The other roads of the region are in need of the usual repairs

The principal road work during 1913 was that devoted to trails and
fire lines, a total of 28.5 miles. About 8 miles only of this distance
were regular driving roads.

Minerals.

A deposit of coal is located in a small portion of State lands but
It IS not opened or explored. Its extent is not fully known. '

Labor.

Labor is scarce and wages high. From 17i to 20 cents an hour is
paid for men, and from $4.00 to ?5.00 per day for team ^Tid 4river. A

No. 20. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. 401

number of families have moved from the region and the labor problem
in the future will probably be more troublesome than at present. The
class of labor is good and may be relied upon.

Plantations.

The planted area in 1912 totaled 28 acres, using 68,600 seedlings,
63,600 white pine, 3,000 American elm, and 2,000 honey locust. This
small plantation is located on the Bennett tract on the head of East
Cowley Eun.

During the year 1913 the following species have been planted:

Ked pine, 2,000

White pine, 80,000

Scotch pine, 20,000

102,000

To date about 128 acres have been planted with seedling trees. All
species thus far used are as follows:

White pine, 143,600

Scotch pine, 20,000

American elm, 3,000

Bed pine, 2,000

Honey locust, 2,000

170,600
Markets.

Since the residents burn wood exclusively, the principal market is
for fuel. Maple and other hardwoods cut clean and seasoned are in
greatest demand. Standing dead material is worth only from 10 cents
to 15 cents per cord stumpage. The transportation facilities are good
but rates are high and fuel can scarcely be shipped with profit.

Erosion.

The soil and sub-soil are of porous nature so that the frequent
fires have not caused much erosion, because vegetation makes a quick
return.

Insects and Fungi.

The white pine weevil is present and its work is noticed in scattered
trees. Oyster shell scale infests the young poplars. So far as known,
the chestnut bark disease has not appeared.

26—26—1915

402

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

No. 20.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

408

Forest Fires.

The division has had since the lumbering days, a number of very
severe fires. A sentiment against forest fires is developing. The resi-
dents respond willingly to the call for extinguishing fire. During
1912 no fires occurred upon it. In 1913, three fires burned on the
State lands covering an area of 775 acres.

Outing and Kecreation.

There are few regularly established camp sites on the division, al-
though some of the old lumber cami)s are usable for this purpose.
Small game is abundant. Four deer and six bears were reported
killed on or near State land during 1912.

Grouse and other small game were abundant in 1913. Three deer
and five bears were taken on or near State land. Trout are abundant.
Brown trout are freiiuently caught. Streams are stocked from time
tf time. Visitors and school children are frequently upon State land.
The children of the local school take their outings within the State
Forest.

All camping sites within this forest will be numbered from 4,001
to 4,099 inclusive.

Lightning Report.

A few of the dry stubs, mainly chestnut, standing here and there
ever the forest, were struck during the year. Xo haini was done to
live trees.

37. THE SOUTH MOUNTAIN FOREST, CALEDONIA

DIVISION.

Forester, Robert G. Conklin, Fayetteville, R. D. No. 1.

Forest Rangers :

eloseph O. Boggs,* Fayetteville.
James E. Carbaugh, Fayetteville.

B. F. Hassler, Fayetteville.

C. B. Larue,t Orrtanna, R. D. No. 1.
Harry B. Perry, Fayetteville.
Henry L. Stull, Fayetteville.

Wm. G. Taylor, Fayetteville.
F. X. Drachbar, Orrtanna, R. D. No. 2.
elames Winters,^ Shippensburg.
Six regularly employed laborers. §

The Caledonia Division of this forest comprises approximately 26,-
780 acres, in Franklin, Cumberland, and Adams counties. It is ac-
cessible over the Cumberland Valley Railroad to Chambersburg and
by means of Chambersburg and Gettysburg turnpike. This road di-
vides the forest into two main sub-divisions, the northern and south-
ern, and these again have been divided into the Cumberland, Cono-
cocheague. Big Flat, Piney Mountain, and Rocky Mountain compart-
ments on the northern sub-division, and the Green Ridge compartment
on the southern portion. Two small areas, that of about 50 acres
surrounding the Graeflfenburg Inn and the forester's headquarters,
and another of 433 acres comprising Caledonia Park, are not attached
to any of the foregoing compartments.

The exterior boundary of this division has been surveyed, painted,
and posted. It needs re-i^unning and the better marking of permanent
corners. The interior tracts are few in number and unimportant.
The Shippensburg Water Company has a SFiall^tract in the Cumber-
land compartment and the Orrstown Hunting Club another in the
same neighborhood. This latter tract contains many of the springs
which feed Stillhouse Run, and for this reason it is desirable that
the Commonwealth possess it at some future time. The other interior
tracts are the Kiner and Kean, the Gardner, which are surrounded
by State land, and the Irvin tract on the eastern boundary. Timber

♦Uesigned S'^pttmbpr 30. 1913,
tReslprned March 31, 1913.

tUoslened September 30, 1913. ^. „ ^ , », «^ ^

^Charles Leonard, Albert H. Reed, James W. McKlwee, ChaH. H. Perry, JaineH E. Yeager, and
John H. Shoemaker.

404

KEPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

i> being taken from the latter tract and there is a possibility of future
purchase; also the purchase of small indentations along the line
would straighten the boundary and simplify systems of road build-
ing, fire protection, and forest management.

The mature forest within the division comprises about 500 acres
and is almost entirely included in Caledonia Park. That portion hav-
ing a density of 50 per cent, covers about 12,000 acres, of which 8,000
are at present not in need of improvement, and 4,000 acres are at
present in need of thinning and better regulation. The area of scat-
tered tree growth is about 8,500 acres, and the brush land 4,720 acres.
Much of the latter shows no natural reproduction. The area of un-
used open ground does not exceed 50 acres. About 50 acres of cleared
land is used for farming purposes. On the rocky land comprising
about 800 acres, there is a small scattered growth and no regeneration.
The area covered by water is about 60 acres; roads and trails 80
acres. There are 40.0 miles of 14-foot roads on this division. The
area in fire lanes and boundary lines is 70.8 acres. There are 41.5
miles of 10-foot boundary line, and 14.1 miles of 12-foot fire lines.
About one-third of the whole division area could be planted at present
to seedling trees and the remaining third may be planted just as
soon as a better road system will make it more accessible.

Springs and Streams.

Springs are steady in flow, lessened during the diy months. Nearly
all are used by residents of the neighborhood or by hunting camps.
The people using them have cleaned them out and kept them walled
up. Streams become low during the hot months; scarcely any go
entirely dry. Almost no contamination exists on the northern sub-
division. The streams draining the southern portion. Rocky Run
and Carbaugh Run, have their heads in the vicinity of the South Moun-
tain settlement for tuberculous patients. The water from these
streams is not recommended for personal use.

Buildings and Repairs.

The buildings on the division are the house occupied by the forester
at Caledonia, the Graeffenburg Inn and its necessarv out-buildings,
the Thaddeus Stevens office building, and the ranger's house on the
Big Flat. All are good except the Stevens office building, in Cale-
donia Park, which is now the residence of one of the rangers.

Graeffenburg Inn was remodeled and repaired, as reported else-
where. The Big Flat house was also repaired. Fences are in good
condition except those about the Inn. During the year 15 miles of
metallic telephone line were built. There are fi complete house sta-

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

405

tions, one lookout station, 3 test stations. This system connects with
the Mont Alto system and later will be connected with the Pine Grove
system. Other loops are needed, and then the whole connected with
the Bell or Independent lines. The system has proved its great worth
thus far in reporting fires.

Roads.

Thirty-one and eight- tenths miles of roads were repaired in 1913,
covering all important roads on the division. Road work was con-
tinued throughout the season*.

Easements.

There are four subsisting easements on the Caledonia division. The
pine line and the accompanying telegraph line of the Southern Pipe
lane Company cross the southeastern corner. This right of way is an
advantage to the forest, for it makes a suitable fire line. The trunk
line of the American Telegraph and Telephone Company crosses the
northwestern end, and likewise acts as a good fire line. The line of
the Cumberland Valley Telephone Company crosses the forest on the
right of way of the Chambersburg and Gettysburg pike. It is of
much convenience for outside communication. The right of way of
the Chambersburg and Gettysburg Electric Railway Company extends
from the western boundary to Caledonia Park, a distance of about a
mile. The bed of the old steam railroad is used for a portion of the
Vi-ay and the pike for the remainder.

Leases.

There are at present two outstanding leases, the first that of the
right to use Caledonia Park to the Chambersburg & Gettysburg Elec-
tric Railway Company, a tract of 443 acres, for which the company
pays an annual rental of |100.00. This area is a natural park and
should never be used for anything else. It is in no wise detrimental
to the conduct of forest operations. The second lease is that to the
Borough of Chambersburg for the purpose of taking water for mu-
nicipal purposes out of Conococheague Creek one mile above Cale-
donia Park, and carries the necessary right of way for the pipe line
and intake dam to the western boundary of the forest. From this
lease the State derives annually one-fourth of one per cent, of gross
receipts of all water rentals paid in the borough.

Minerals.

There are found throughout the forest, beds of what is called "coal
short" ore, but at present it has little value.

406

REPORT OF THE

Oflf. Doc.

No. 20.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

407

(

Plantations.

Plantings on the division in 1912 were limited to three experimental
plots and filling in some blanks on the 190G and 1907 plantations.
Each experimental planting covered one acre, and the remaining work
was reinforcement of 8 acres of prior plantings, requiring 250 trans-
planted white pines worth $4.00 per thousand. The plantation area
this year totaled about 46 acres, 3 J acres of which have been set with
9,000 Carolina poplars, which failed, and then with 4,000 willow cut-
tings.

The planting in 1913 consisted of reinforcement, extension, and ex-
periments in under-planting scrub oak. Plantings for the year were
as follows:

Norway spruce seed, 2 pou-fids; transplants, 2-year,. . 9,050

Norway spruce, transplants, 3-year, 700

White pine seed, 6 pounds; transplants, 2-year, 6,800

Scotch pine, transplants, 2-year, 800

Scotch pine, transplants, 4-year, i 380

European larch seed, 1 pound ; 3 year, 5,750

Total transplants, 24 480

Total seed, 9 pounds.

To date there have been planted with seedlings 63.54 acres of open
ground. In this work the following seedlings were used:

White pine, white ash, and black walnut

mixed, 75^000

White pine, pure, 42,793

Norway spruce, g 759

Scotch pine, 7^^900

White ash, pure, 12,620

Poplar cuttings, . > 9 qqq

Willow cuttings, 4 qqq

Total, 161^063

In reinforcement work, strengthening of 24 acres of older planta-
tions, the following were used :

White pine, 2,700

Scotch pine, ^q^q

White ash, ■< yg

Total of all planting, . . .* 165,588

Nursery.

The Caledonia nursery, established in the spring of 1908, contained
then 4,200 square feet of bed surface. In 1912 it was enlarged to
17 504 feet of bed surface. The inventory taken in November, this
year, shows a growing stock of :

White pine, 63,039

Scotch pine, 20,167

Norway spruce, 31,993

Ked pine, ^y^^^

European larch, 1,147

Douglas fir, 5,540

White ash, 2,080

Total, 132,448

Of the above seedlings, 52,059 were available for planting in the
spring of 1913. During 1912, seedlings to the number of 1,050 were
furnished to private individuals, 200 were furnished to Forest Ranger
Sundy for planting in the Henry Valley, and 6,625 planted on this di-
vision. 7i pounds of seed were planted in the nursery beds, the
species being Scotch pine, red pine, Norway spruce, white pine, Doug-
las fir, and European larch. This small nursery is not classed with
the larger nurseries conducted by the Department, nor is it intended
to be. It is used principally as a demonstration nursery and is visited
by hundreds of people every year. The soil is not the best, but the
best that can be had.

The inventory at the end of 1913 shows the following stock :

White pine, 1-1 year, 17,423

White pine, 1-year, -^,622

Norway spruce, 1-1 year, 676

Norway spruce 1-year, 2,707

Scotch pine, 1-1 year, 17,954

Red pine, 1-1 year, 1)225

Douglas fir, 1-1 year, '^24

European larch, 1-year, 550

45,881

A heavy loss of seedlings occurred during the spring. The whole
force was called away to a fire and the seedlings were neglected dur-

I)

i

u

408 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.

ing transplanting. The following shipments were made in the spring
of 1913 :

White pine, 3-year, 60 Forestry Exhibit.

White pine, 4-year, 50 I. C. Williams.

White pine, 3-year, 17,000 N. R. McNaughton.

Norway spruce, 3-year, . 8,000 N. R. McNaughton.

White pine, 2-year, 3,000 Dr. Carey.

Scotch pine, 2-year, 100 Dr. Carey.

Norway spruce, 3-year, . . 500 Dr. Carey.

European larch, 2-year, . . 500 Dr. Carey.

White ash, 1-year, 500 Dr. Carey.

White pine, 4-year, .... 25 S. S. Wylie.

Scotch pine, 2-year, 25 S. S. Wylie.

Norway spruce, 3-year, . . 25 S. S. Wylie.

White ash, 1-year, 25 S. S. Wylie.

White pine, 4-year, 200 H. K. Deisher.

Scotch pine, 2-year, 100 H. K. Deisher.

Norway spruce, 3-year, . . 100 H. K. Deisher.

White ash, 1-year, 200 H. K. Deisher.

White pine, 4-year, 1,000 Leonard Rhone.

Norway spruce, 3-year, . . 1,000 Leonard Rhone.

White pine, 3-year, 3,000 C. G. Derr.

Norway spruce, 3-year, . . 500 C. R. Pendleton, Jr.

White pine, 5-year, 2 Mrs. Ida L. Gibbs.

White pine, 5-year, 3 W. H. Ennis.

Labor.

Labor in this region is worth 16 cents per hour. Three men were
on the regular pay roll in 1912 at a fixed wage per month. Two-
horse teams cost 35 cents per hour, four-horse teams 50 cents per hour,
carts 25 cents per hour. With teams the driver is supplied. Work-
men are scarce. The shops at Chambersburg and elsewhere in the
Cumberland Valley give more steady employment.

Tn 1913, the regularly employed laborers were six in number and
each received $35.00 per month. For time lost beyond the allowance
they must make refunds. The wage rate is too small but as large as
finances will permit. Labor is scarce and of low efficiency.

Improvement Cutting.

The 1912 improvement cuttings on this division were a continuation
of that undertaken in 1911. The Conococheague improvement was
continued. Young hemlock, with increased light and air, have been
especially benefitted.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

Markets.

409

The local markets are supplied principally by farmers and small
owners with portable mills. They are cutting their own timber rapidly
and selling it at prices often below the ruling market price. At present
this division has no products for sale. Transportation facilities are
good with railroad station five miles away.

Erosion.

Because of the good forest cover, erosion on this division is a matter
of no consequence.

Insects and Fungi.

The pine weevil is causing some damage to young pine plantations
by attacking the leaders. As they are detected the shoots are cut oflf
and burned. The chestnut blight fungus is active and its ravages are
very evident.

Forest Fires.

The force of forest fire fighters is efficient but communication is
difficult and loss of time results in reaching a fire. Sometimes the
uncertainty of location is responsible for this loss. When the pro-
tective system, including telephones, towers, good roads, and complete
maps, is finished, the fire problem will be less difficult.

The year 1913 was one of the worst years for forest fires. Many
are believed to have been of incendiary origin. 12 different fires were
reported during the year either on or near State land. The area of
State land burned is 1,877 acres. During this year protection cost
the high rate of $0.0778 per acre.

Outing and Recreation.

Ten temporary camps were erected in the division during 1912.
These included 86 campers. All were hunters. Nearly all took good
care of their camp sites but a few left quantities of rubbish. One
party, after warning, returned and cleaned up the camp site. Hunt-
ing is good in this region. During this season 75 bucks were reported
killed. There were also a few does. Pheasants were scarce; other
small game abundant. Trout fishing is hardly fair. Too many men
for the number of fish. Annual stocking does not seem to keep up
the sport.

All camp sites will be numbered from 4,101 to 4,199 inclusive.

410

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

411

In 1913, 14 camps were located in this forest, occupied by 110
people. 13 were hunting camps. One set of campers offended by
by reason of the unsanitary condition in which they kept their camp
and the surroundings. Game was abundant. 75 bucks and 8 does
were killed during the open season. Fishing is not the best. The
streams are stocked, but over-fished.

38. THE SOUTH MOUNTAIN FOREST, MONT ALTO

DIVISION.

Forester, Lewis E. Staley, Mont Alto.
Forest Rangers:

David Knepper, Mont Alto.

John Bricker, Mont Alto.

John Shaffer, Mont Alto.

Harry L. Thomas, Mont Alto.

Harry W. Staley, Mont Alto.

D. C. Bittinger, Mont Alto.

John L. Carbaugh, Mont Alto.

James Martin, Mont Alto.

Edward Carbaugh, Mont Alto.

Maurice Baker, Mont Alto.

G. W. Patterson, Mont Alto.

Harry McCrea, Mont Alto.

The Mont Alto Division has been duly reported upon topographic-
ally in former reports. Roughly it is divided into four ranges. It has
the nature of a wide rolling plateau, cut by streams, leaving knobs and
liills. The climate is mild. The winters are not severe. The approxi-
mate area of the division is 20,000 acres, divided among four of the
regular rangers, 5,000 acres to a man for general patrol purposes.
The other rangers are engaged in general work anywhere within the
forest. The boundary lines of this forest have all been surveyed. For
half the distance they are brushed 10 feet wide. All lines, corners, and
stakes are painted every two years, when corners are rebuilt. Several
small added tracts are not yet included. The lines were all repainted
during 1912. There are a number of small interior tracts, some of
which may possibly be acquired in the future. At present they are
held at prohibitive prices.

There are no mature forests on the division. 250 acres contain
mature and hypermature trees, making about 60 per cent, of the total
stand. The improved area is 525 acres, 25 having been added during
1913. 9,000 acres are in need of improvement within the coming
year^. Improvement work yields from 3 to 10 cords per acre, valuable
principally for fuel, acid wood, or charcoal. Normal density of cer-
tain of our tracts is best promoted by clear cutting because of the for-
mer frequent fires. The appearance of the chestnut bark disease has
caused private owners to market their chestnut. About 5,000 acres
have a density of from 10 per cent, to 50 per cent. About 4,000 acres
of this forest are covered with scrub oak and brush. The humus and
soil have been burned. One-fourth of the area must be reforested and
at a high cost, because of difficulty in planting. 30 acres of old fields
remain unplanted; 50 acres are covered with rocks where no cutting
should be done and where planting is greatly restricted; roads oc-
cupy 114 acres, fire lanes 8 acres, and boundary lines 12 acres.

Springs and Streams.

All of the 9 good springs within this forest, with the exception of
two, flow continuously. There are 4 main streams in the tract. They
are the West Branch and the East Branch of the Little Antietam, the
Carbaugh, and the Rocky Mountain runs. Little contamination is
possible. The Mont Alto Sanatorium is located at the head of Rocky
Mountain Run. Because of this fact, the water of Rocky Mountain
Run is not recommended for personal use.

Buildings and Repairs.

There are 6 buildings at present occupied and used for forest pur-
poses, all but one being located at the old furnace site. Some of these
are in need of repair and others would better be torn down and re-
built. The public telephone lines cross this forest and both are con-
nected with forester's headquarters. 13^ miles of private telephone
line were built during 1912. 6 miles of it is attached to the poles of
the Southern Pipe Line Company and the remainder was buUt by the
forester at a cost of $46.85 per mile. The cost varies according to
local conditions. The value of the telephone and fire tower system
has already been made apparent. Of the 6 fires, none but one burned
over more than 10 acres, and all were reported so quickly that they
were immediately attacked and extinguished before much damage
was done. Two of the rangers carry portable telephones with tapping-
in stations at suitable points. With the tower system completed, the
ranger with his portable phone will be on or near his tower constantly

412 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc

during fire season and it is hoped to control tires almost completely.
The labor of building the 13^ miles of line above reported was prac-
tically all supplied by the forester and his rangers. There are now
one main fire tower and 6 temporary lookout stations. The main tower
is 40 feet high built of squared lumber.

Koads.

At the close of the year 1912, the total number of miles of road open
within this forest was 59; trails ^ of a mile; fire lanes 8 miles; bound-
ary lines 7i miles, lloads, trails and fire lanes for a distance of 58.3
miles were repaired in 1913. The work consisted of grading, ditching,
surfacing and bridging.

Easements.

A private tramway runs from the English Siding to the private
sand banks of Gregg, Forney, Smith & Middlekaufl:'. From sand
shipments the State is in receipt of toll charges of 75 cents per car.
The Waynesboro Water Company has a right of way over State land
at the Old Forge. The lease of the Cumberland Valley Railroad Com-
pany for Mont Alto park has expired and will not be renewed. The
park buildings are to be taken down. Others are the rights of way
of the Southern Pipe Line (>)mpany and the Pure Oil Pipe Line Com-
pany, with their accompanying lines of telegraph.

Sample Plots.

A 3-acre plantation was made on Stony Mountain in 1910. The ob-
ject was to study the reforesting of scrub oak lands.

Plantations.

Approximately 250 acres have been planted to seedlings to date, one
acre with tree seeds, and one acre with cuttings. The total plantings
are 585,124 seedling trees and 3,000 cuttings. Of the above, 461,400
were white pine and the balance Norway spruce, Scotch pine, black
walnut, honey locust, European larch, eastern catalpa, balsam fir,
Pinus ponderosa, persimmon, western catalpa, hickory, ash, oak, and
locust.

During the year 1913 the following plantings were made:

White pine, 47^800

White ash, 3^000

Black walnut, 5^800

Red oak, ^ 44.Q

White oak, 49Q

No. 26,

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

413

58,530

Thirty thousand of the above white pine were planted under scrub
oak. The oak were planted into open places.

Labor.

Laborers are in demand and hard to get. 16i cents per hour is the
price in the neighborhood of the sanatorium. Steady men have con-
tinuous employment at Waynesboro. The long walks to the work
on the reserve are not inviting. For forest work the State pays 15 cents
per hour, or |35.00 a month for regular employment. Elsewhere in
the region labor costs 16 cents per hour with pay for walking to and
from work.

Improvement Cuttings.

During 1912, 25 acres were improved, the cover being mainly chest-
nut. Some oak and maple were also taken out. The dead wood is
being rapidly removed from all parts of the forest. Improvement cut-
tings of previous years are showing excellent results. The crown is
closing and conditions are favorable to the production of the ideal
stand.

Markets.

The market for the forest product is limited. An effort is made not
to interfere with private holders of woodland. The forest supplies
the fuel market in the immediate neighborhood. There is a good de-
mand for building lumber, chestnut shingles, railroad ties, and chest-
nut plastering lath. No call for rails and posts. Prices at the mill
are as follows:

Building material, |18 to $22 per thousand feet.
Chestnut shingles, $4.50 to $5.00 per thousand.
Chestnut plastering lath, $4.00 per thousand.
Locust posts sawed, 20 cents to 25 cents each.
Cord wood, $1.50 to $2.10 per cord.

The haulage is from 1 to 9 miles by team. Then transportation
facilities are good. The Western Maryland is near the southern
boundary. Railroad rates to Chambersburg, 15 miles, are as follows:

Sawed material, 40c.

Charcoal in carload lots, $1.20.

Cord wood, including pulp wood, 35c.

To other points the rates vary in proportion to the distance.
About 650 cords of miscellaneous wood were removed in 1912 dur-
ing the process of improvement and cleaning up the dead wood.

if

m

■I !■ :

414

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

iv *

\\.W.

During 1913, 757 cords of dead fire wood and 68 cords of green fire
wood were sold.

Insects and Fungi.

The chestnut blight has appeared generally within this forest, and
threatens all the chestnut on the division. The infected areas vary in
size from one tree to 7 acres. As soon as detected, all defective trees
are cut, stumps peeled, and the material burned. Occasionally the
disease is found on sprouts. A number of ai eas belonging to private
owners are likewise infected.

The white pine weevil has attacked nearly all the plantations but
thus far has done no serious damage. Its attack is followed up closely
and all infected shoots cut and burned.

Forest Fires.

During 1912, forest fires were confined mainly to the hunting sea-
son. It is believed that at least 50 per cent, of them were caused by
carelessness rather than intentional firing. A 40-foot fire tower of good
character was built on the Knob. It was constructed of white pine,
locust, and oak. The actual cost of the material was |45.38. The labor
supplied by the forester and his rangers at the usual rates amounted
to 135.84, making the total cost of the tower $81.22. It is substantial,
serviceable, and of great value in case of fire.

The total area burned within this forest by fires during the year
amounts to 250 acres. In two of the fires the loss was complete or
nearly so, while in the others it was slight.

During 1913, there seemed to be a systematic plot to burn out this
forest. Fires of an incendiary origin were constantly occurring. 16
fires were had during the year. It is stated that passage of the hun-
ters' license law is responsible for most of them. The burned area of
State land was about 1,300 acres and in many cases the losses were
severe.

Trespass.

Compared to former years, trespassing has very greatly decreased.
An occasional removal of wood without permission is detected!
Usually these cases are settled by paying the cost of the material
taken rather than by criminal prosecution. We find it promotes bet-
ter relations among those who are tempted to do acts of this kind, and
fairness and leniency seem to prevent repetitions just as readily!

Outing and Recreation.

•A number of hunting camps surround the State Forest, but during
1912 only one was located within it. Eight bucks were reported killed
and two does. Birds are scarce; other small game rather common

No. 28.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

415

In 1913 only one hunter's camp was located within the State Forest.
The others were on interior tracts. 28 deer were killed and small
game in abundance. Trout were plentiful but since the streams are
small, all were easily caught.

Lightning Report.

All damage from lightning occurred during the month of August.
Seven bolts in all are konwn.

Oak, 4

Chestnut, 2

A lot of chestnut coppice, i

39. THE STUART FOREST.

Forester, John R. Williams,* Ligonier.
Forester, John L. MacAvoy,t Ligonier.
Forester, V. M. Bearer,J Ligonier. "*

Forest Rangers:

Wilson R. Barndt, Somerset, R. D. No. 3.
Oran Snyder,§ Rector.

The boundary survey is completed, lines painted, and trails brushed.

The Stuart Forest has only recently been subjected to development.
It comprises about 8,500 acres, lying on the Laurel Ridge in both
Westmoreland and Somerset counties. It is a region of great promise
and a suitable enlargement of the present area would make it one of
the most valued and best appreciated State Forests, being in a region
where there is no other State holding for similar purposes.

On September 1, 1913, V. M. Bearer succeeded John L. MacAvoy as
forester, and his report for the remaining four months is supplemental
to Mr. MacAvoy's.

Of the Stuart State Forest, only about 190 acres is of a mature and
hypermature timber, much of which is depreciating and should be re-

♦Trnnsf»>rr«d to South Mountain -Forest, April 1, 1913.
tIN'sigiicd September 30, 1913.
^Appointed September 1, 1918.
fUegigned September. 30, 1918.

27

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4ie

R53PORT OF THE

Off. Doc

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

417

moved at once. Estimates are being taken on quantities varying from
500,000 to 750,000 board feet.

Springs and Streams.

Twelve springs have been cleaned and made accessible. During the
season of drought Lynn liun has no water. The water sinks and flows
underneath the bed of the stream for a distance of two miles.

Buildings and Repairs.

There are no builidngs on this tract except a small cabin at Laurel
Summit on the top of the mountain, forming a convenient station for
the forester. This cabin was repaired during the summer by being
supplied with a new shingle roof. It is now in good condition and
contains full equipment.

The telephone attached to the railroad line is near to this camp.

Eoads.

The development of the road system is not well advanced. The new
roads to be built will largely follow the old wood roads where the
grades are suitable. In other places they will be relocated. The total
road mileage within the present forest is 18 miles; trails J mile; fire
Ir.nes, 13 miles; boundary lines, 8 miles.

Easements.

The only easement in this forest is the right of way of the Pitts-
burgh, Westmoreland, and Somerset Railroad Company.

Leases.

There is one outstanding lease in this forest held by Thomas H.
Cronin Company, of Pittsburgh, for the removal of blue stone from
a quarry along Laurel Ridge. It yields a royalty of 16 cents per ton.
The quarry is of small size but produces stone of good quality and in
large quantity. This lease is reported on elsewliere.

Minerals.

A small vein of coal underlies practically the whole area. It prob-
ably does not exceed four feet anywhere, and no doubt is thinner in

Vi!

'.

^':

''<

■1

•1

places. The vein is undeveloped because the coal cannot be removed
at a prolit. As a store against future demands, this coal may at some
distant date be a valuable asset.

Plantations.

A small amount of planting was made during the 1912 season, using
10,000 2-year-old seedlings, 8,000 of which were Norway spruce and 2,-
000 Pinus ponderosa. 5,000 of them were placed on a 2-acre jjlot
known as the dynamite experiment plot, 3,000 on an acre and a half
at Laurel Summit, and the 2.000 Pinus ponderosa on a similar area at
the Marker Mill plantation.

In the Laurel Summit 1913 plantation of 28 acres, 50,000 trans-
planted 3-year-old white pine seedlings were used.

The total plantings to date within this forest are 75,500, G5,500 of
which are white pine. The total area planted with seedlings to date
is 39^ acres.

Labor.

Wages are at a minimum of $2.00 per day. Team with driver costs
from $4.50 to $6.00 per day.

Forest Fires.

During 1912 about 75 acres of State land were burned over. Two
additional fires occurred on nearby private land, the extinguishment
of which was aided by the forest force. One fire was believed to be of
incendiary origin, while the others apparently originated from the
railroad.

In 1913 5 forest fires burned upon Sta e land, covering an area of
1,020 acres. In most instances the fires were light and the damage
slight. One 50-foot fire tower has been located.

Outing and Recreation.

Little camping occurred during 1913 because of the rule prohibiting
camps within one-half mile of a game preserve. The Stuart Forest
is now within the excluded region for deer hunting. Pheasants were
abundant. Squirrels and rabbits also abound. Little other game is
found. Other wild animals such as raccoons, skunks, weasels, minks,
and foxes, are trapped.

27—26—1915

418

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

419

Lightning Report.

Fourteen trees were struck and shattered during 1912, the first in
April and the last in November. Fires were started in two of the
chestnuts struck. The species are:

Chestnut, 7

White oak, 2

Red oak, 2

Carolina poplar, 2

Tulip poplar, 1

14

During 1913, 4 lightning bolts are known to have struck within
tliis forest, one in July and three in August. Two were in red oak
and two in Chestnut.

40. THP: stone forest, ASAPH DIVISION.

Forester, Paul H. Mulford, Asaph.
Forest Rangers:

Henry C. Cox, Wellsboro.

E. N. Jenckes, Asaph.

The Stone Forest lies within Tioga county, and includes within its
boundary the Asai)h forest nursery. The boundary survey is com-
plete with the exception of two of the recently purchased lots.

In 1913, 29 miles of the boundary line were brushed and posted
during the year, 20 miles remarked and 100 corners were rebuilt. On
October 1, 1913, the Chatham division was re-attached to Asaph.

The Stone Forest is practically solid, there being almost no interior
tracts. A few exterior tracts would be valuable to straighten the
boundary lines. The forest at this time comprises over 50,000 acres,
a portion of which is under the charge of the forestei-s located at
Blackwells and at Middlebury Centre. The whole area has been com-
pletely lumbered, and succeeding foiest fires have burned severely.
At least 1,200 acres of open ground thus cleared by the fires is avail-
able for planting.

There is no virgin forest on this division. Probably 1,000 acres will
contain mature or hypermature trees, and 3,000,000 feet could be re-
moved at present. The prevailing species are white, red, yellow, and
pitch pine ; hemlock, maple, chestnut, beech, and oak. A 50 per cent,
density or greater may be found on about 500 acres. It needs no
present improvement. 480 acres carry a density of from 10 per cent,
to 50 per cent. Brush and weed growth cover 4,500 acres. 2,200
acres are classified as burned-over area. 54 acres are used for roads
and 91 for trails; fire lanes occupy 21 acres. The balance of the
division is covered with a scattered brush and weed growth.

Springs and Streams.

There are no lakes, dams, or ponds within the tract. The streams
and the general water supply of the region were fully described in
the last report. Springs generally are clean and accessible and their
location posted. Their position is indicated on the working maps. At
least 90 per cent, of them flow steadily. The remainder are dry dur-
ing the hot months. The severe fires with loss of humus are un-
doubtedly responsible for the failure of some of them. The streams
have great volume of water during the spring and autumn, but dur-
ing mid-season become low. Some of them run underground for a part
ot the summer. The restoration of the forest cover will assist the
stream flow. There is little or no contamination of the waters within
this forest.

\

Buildings and Repairs.

The buildings consist of a number of lumber camps and old shan-
ties, most of them in poor condition and in need of repairs. At present
they serve as rough shelters during inclement weather. Five small
storm shelters have been built at various places. A line of the Bell
Telephone system is near the forest and party lines are numerous,
costing 118.00 for residence and |24.00 for business telephones per
year. The toll line radius is Wellsboro and Leetonia. The building
of the State Forest line has been begun.

Roads.

The total road mileage within this forest at present is 38; trails 5 J
miles; fire lanes, 11 miles; boundary lines, 30 miles. During the year
these were brushed out and improved. In 1913, 27.3 miles of roads,
trails, and fire lines have been improved. The map of the road sys-
tem has not yet been completed.

\V

420

REPORT OF THE

Easements.

Off. Doc.

A number of individuals enjoy the privilege of passing over por-
tions of the State land. This is not objectionable and assists in pro-
tective work.

Seed Collection.

The seeds collected in 1912 were used in the Asaph nursery, and
were as follows:

Slippery elm, 31 i pounds, costing 16 cents per lb. to gather; black
cherry, 315^ pounds, a i>ortion of it costing 2J cents per pound and
the remainder 61-5 cents per pound.

All seed was of good quality, but few trees with fertile seed were
found.

Seeds for use in the local Asaph nursery are regularly collected,
in 1913, 1,260 pounds of red oak of fair quality were gathered. The
collection was at tlie rate of about 3^ cents per pound. By reason of
the short season and late frosts, development of seeds was poor.

Plantations.

Plantations to the extent of 40.88 acres were made during 1912,
using the following seedlings :

White pine, 50,700

Norway spruce, 6,470

European larch, 5,875

White ash, 2,474

T?ed oak, 650

White oak, 250

Honey locust, 750

Black cherry, 107

Sugar maple, 470

Elm, 7^150

Total, 74,896

Planting during the year 1913 amounted to 51,088 and comprised
the following species:

i

Norway spruce, 2-year, 21 800

White pine, 2-year, 22,000

Scotch pine, 2-year, 4 xoo

Silver pine, 3-year, 3,188

Total, 51,088

No. 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. 421

All seed was planted in the Asaph nursery, using 1,620 pounds of
various kinds.

To date 153.88 acres have been planted with seeds and seedlings,
12.25 acres being set to seed, using white pine, chestnut, and black
walnut. Planting to date on this division is as follows :

European larch, 8,577

White pine, 147,800

Bull pine, 1,000

Norway spruce, 30,770

Scotch pine, 38,430

Balsam fir, 600

Silver pine, 3,188

Red oak, 9,841

Honey locust, 6,250

Chestnut, 900

Black cherry, 11,807

Black walnut, 90

Sugar maple, 1,770

• White oak, 250

White ash, 26,026

Elm, 13,574

Hickory, 605

Persimmon, 492

Total, 301,970

Nurseries.
(See report under "State Forest Nurseries").

Labor.

Labor in fhis region costs IS cents per hour and 35 cents per hour
for a man and team. There is much work but few men to do it. The
quality of the labor is good. Any local and New York state demand
decreases the number of available workmen for forest work.

Markets.

Pine, hemlock, and hardwoods, all sizes and lengths, are worth from
$3.00 to 110.00 per thousand feet. Fence posts of chestnut and oak
6J to 7 feet long, 4 to 6 inches in diameter, sell for |1.80 to |2.00 per
hundred. Shingle bolts of pine 18 inches long are worth 85 cents per
cord. Fire w^ood of mixed species 50 cents per cord. The demand of
the district is large. Long hauls and scattered growth make inten-
sive operation where it ought to be carried on, prohibitive within the
State Forest.

i

422

REPORT OF THE

Erosion.

Ofie. Doc.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

423

Erosion is taking place on the bare hillsides. The lack of tree cover
is responsible. On the steeper portions a number of slides of earth
have taken place.

Insects and Fungi. ^

The hemlocks in this region are being attacked generally by two
species of borer. Whether the disappearance of the surrounding forest
induced the coming of the insect or the presence of the insect is first
responsible for the injury to the trees, we have not been able to de-
termine. Much of the present stand of beech is dying from a dry rot
which affects the trunk and the crown. It is also attacked by white
cjphis. There are lesser forms of insect and fungus attack but none
so serious as those on the hemlocks and beech. The tent caterpillar
and the pine aphis were especially present.

Forest Fires.

During the year 1912 there were no fires within this forest. In 1913,
four fires burned within the forest, covering an area of over 2,040
acres. The most extensive fire covered 2,000 acres of State land and
burned for 5 days in May. In every instance but one the origin of
the fire was unknown. This one case resulted from the burning of a
fallow and covered only one acre of State land. Accessible high points
are used as observatory stations. The fire wardens responded
promptly. The value of the telephone in fire-fighting service was
demonstrated in these fires.

Outing and Recreation.

Hunting and fishing are the chief recreations, 18 camps being es-
tablished during 1912 with 95 campers. A few located without per-
mits but this was remedied by a visit from the forester. Deer were
not abundant, only two being reported killed during the season.
Smaller game was more abundant except squirrels, quail, and wood-
cock, which are scarce. Bear are plentiful but none were killed.
Weasels, wild cats, skunks, raccoons, and foxes abound and are prob-
ably responsible for the decrease of better game.

In 1913, 10 camping permits with 81 campers were issued into this
forest. Three deer were killed on State land. Smaller game was
abundant, except quail and squirrels, (ireat numbers of weasels,
foxes, wild cats, skunks, and raccoons were trapped and shot.

Twelve cans of trout were planted during the year. The bass and
trout fishing were fair.

All camps in this division will be numbered from 4,401 to 4,499 in-
clusive. 8 regular camping sites have been prepared and posted.

The State Forest is also used for picnics and for the gathering of
fruits and berries.

Lightning Report.

All trees struck by lightning in 1912 were dead except one red pine
and one white pine. The number of bolts was 29, with the following
species struck:

Shortleaf yellow pine, 1

Pitch pine, 2

White pine, 11

Hemlock, 8

Chestnut, 6

Gum, 1

29

The periods of greatest frequency were the months of July and
August, with 12 bolts each. Two of the pines thus struck were ignited
and burned. In every instance the lightning was accompanied by rain,
thus no doubt preventing other fires.

Forty-five lightning bolts struck during the year 1913. The periods
of frequency were as follows ;

May, 2

June, 6

July, 12

August, 11

September, 3

October, 1

November, 9

December, 1

45

The species struck and shattered were :

White pine, living, 6

White pine, dead, 5

White oak, living, 3

Chestnut, dead, 9

Hemlock, dead, 15

Hemlock, living, 2

Mai)le, 1

Norway pine, 1

42

•424

REPORT OF THE

Oflf. Doc.

; Struck and ignited :

Wliite pine, dead, 1

White pine, living, 2

45

41. THE STONE FOIIEST, CHATHAM DIVISION.

Forester, C. C. Miner,* Middlebury Centre.
Forest Hanger, George A. Stebbins,t Sabinsville.

Topography.

'*This forest lies in the Wisconsin Terminal Moraine and the action
ot the glacial period is still to be observed. Two groups of rocks are
to be found on the surface, and these have been classified as

(a) The Catskill Pocono group, Oswayo formation, green sand-
stone and shale.

"The entire forest shows this group and very little else forms the
basis of the soil.

(b ) Sharon Conglomerate, Pottsville formation, white quartz.
"The white quartz easily crumbles when exposed to the weather and

the sand bed of Little Asaph country is caused by an outcrop of the
quartz and the action of the elements.

''The soil on this forest is either shaly in nature or else a sandy
loam. On most mountain sides the green sandstone is to be found
as flat rocks of small size mixed with the humus.

"The general topography of this forest is mountainous, or, strictly
speaking, a dissected plateau. Steep slopes and plateau are found in
nearly equal areas.

''The prevailing climatic conditions are peculiar, and throughout the
l*ine Creek watershed these conditions seem to be general, very warm
days and rapid cooling during the night. It is observed that the
growing period is seldom longer than 13 weeks. The period for 1913
v/as 12 weeks from a killing frost to another killing frost. The mean
summer temperature is placed at f>8 degrees F. and the mean winter
temperature at 23 degrees F. Maximum summer temperature was

♦Ui'Slgnc'd September 30, 1913.

tBegan service July 1, 1912; resigned September 30, 1913.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

425

103 degrees F. for the past summer. The warm winter with mud and
rains caused an unusual amount of heaving in the forests and farm-
ing lands."

This division of the Stone Forest is in the northern x^art of Tioga
county, and was defined in 1910. In it are included parts of Chat-
ham, Delmar, Shippen, and Middlebury townships. There is consider-
able flat land on the top of the ridges. The slopes to the streams are
steep. They are cut at intervals by spring drains. Swamps are found
on the upper flat areas with elevations of 2,000 feet. The boundary
lines of the division are all surveyed with the exception of the 1912
additions.

All surveyed lines have been brushed, blazed, posted, and corners
rebuilt.

All springs and plantations have been marked with proper notices.
There are a number of interior tracts aggregating several hundred
acres. Some are purchaseable at this date while others are not.

The stand throughout is much the same. It has been lumbered three
times. No virgin forest is found.

The present area of the division is 11,329 acres. No purchases were
made during 1913. An area of 1,500 acres contains a quantity of ma-
ture and hypermature forest. From this 150,000 board feet of lumber
may be taken. The trees are scattered and cost of transportation is
such that it could not be removed at a profit. No area has a density
of stand over 50 per cent. From 7,000 to 8,000 acres h'ave a density
of from 10 per cent, to 50 per cent. All material is small and there
is no market for it. Continued protection is its chief requirement.
2.000 acres are covered with brush. This is coming slowly under re-
generation. About 1,000 acres may be planted at this time. This has
been laid bare by forest fires. There are no rocky areas such that
legeneration will be impossible. Springs and streams occupy 100
acres; roads and trails 150 acres; fire lanes, 50 acres.

Springs and Streams.

There are no large streams on the division. It is well equipped with
a number of unfailing springs which are the sources of small streams.
All main springs are located on tl^e map. Where not easily accessible,
trails have been cut to them. Guide boards carry the names of the
springs. All springs are more or less affected by drought. Stream
flow is continuous and the possibility of contamination is remote.
One slight case was detected and promptly corrected. All springs
have been located and many of them improved. They are marked with
signs at the fire trails. Most of the streams are steady throughout
the year. .

i i

4.

426 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc

Buildings and Kepairs.

The buildings in this forest consist of a tool house and the house
at the Reese camp. The former was recently built and the latter re-
paired. There are no telephone lines on the Chatham division. There
is one fire tower but it is without telephone connection.

Roads.

A system of roads has been worked out to connect with those built
by the forester at Asaph. Market conditions and fire danger were
taken into consideration in laying the plan. The area is now well
accessible by means of the road system. At present the total length
of open roads is about 30 miles; trails, 25 miles; boundary lines, 7
miles.

Leases.

There is one outstanding lease with C. W. Reese for the removal of
dead and down timber.

Seed Collection.

Little good seed could be gathered in 1912 because of the spring
frosts. 15 pounds of maple seed were procured and sent to the Asaj)ii
nursery.

Plantations.

Three pounds of pine seed and 15 pounds of sugar maple were sown
within the forest in 1912. IMantings for the year 1912 are as follows:

White pine, 101,700

Scotch pine, 9 ^qq

Norway spruce, 10,000

I^^d «ak> 20^000

^^ite ash, 9 000

Honey locust, 50o

Willow cuttings, 4 000

Total, ^ ; 154800

During 1913 the following plantations were made:

Seed.

European larch, ^ p^^^^

^^^^^Pi°^' 2 pounds

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

427

Seedlings. •

European larch, 2-year, 3,900

Norway spruce, 2-year, 7,300

White pine, 2-year, 126,500

Silver pine, 3-year, 5,000

Total, 142,700

Plantings to date on this division have been as follows:

Seeds.

White pine, 6 pounds

Scotch pine, 1 pound

European larch, 1 pound

Red oak, 2 quarts

Black cherry, 50 pounds

White ash, 53 pounds

White walnut, 1^ bushels

Black walnut, 1 bushel

Rock oak, 8 bushels

Hard maple, 15 pounds

Total seedlings planted to da+*^ cover an area of 260J acres, and
the species are as follows :

White pine, 2-year, 248,200

Scotch pine, 2-year, 9,600

Silver pine, 3-year, 5,000

European larch, 2-year, 3,900

Norway spruce, 2-year, 17,300

Red oak, 1-year, 35,000

White ash, 1-year, 10,000

Black cherry, 1-year, 6,800

Honey locust, 1-year, 500

Basket willow, (cuttings), 6,000

Total, 342,300

Sample Plots.

Three sample plots have been started for the purpose of testing
the difference between the soils in the valley and those on the moun-
tain.

428.

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

" • Labor.

Work is abundant but laboring men are scarce. High prices are
the result. Labor costs 18 cents per hour. A team with man costs $4.00
per day. A man and one horse 25 cents per hour. The lowest wage paid
is 17| cents per hour. In many instances 25 cents is demanded and re-
ceived. The local celery farms and railroads pay high prices and it is
difficult to procure men for forest work. The quality is good, above
the average.

Improvement Work.

A block of 2,500 acres was laid out for improvement, and after
being reduced to sections the work of removing all dead and defective
trees was begun. All dead and defective material down to a diametei
limit of 3 inches was taken. All old dead stubs and dead pine tree?5
were cut down. The material produced did not quite pay the cost of
the work, but the gain to the forest is great, much more than the
cost. A small number of logs were cut into planks and lumber, ma-
terial which was needed for use within the forest.

Markets.

The wood-using industries of the locality furnished certain data to
the forester and he finds that they will take the following material :

Crate bolts, any species.

Roller bolts, hard maple, large diameters.

Fire wood, any quantity and nearly all species.

Logs for lumber, any quantity and almost any quality.

Shingle bolts, dead pine and live hemlock.

Poles and posts of suitable species.

Tb'^ markets are close at hand and the demand exceeds the imme-
diate supply.

Erosion.

Only two serious instances of erosion are noted,
would in a short time stop its progress.

Forest p anting

Insects and Fungi.

The usual forest insects are present, the white pine weevil and aphis
being most destructive. The chestnut bark disease has not yet ap.
peared in this division. ;

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

Forest Fires.

429

But two fires were started on this division in 1912. Both were
extinguished by forest officers. The area burned was less than an
acre. During 1913, fires were limited to an area of lOJ acres. The
damage was small.

Outing and Recreation.

Applications were honored for 5 different camps and a larger num-
ber of permits was issued than formerly. Fishing was good through-
out the season, and some fair catches were made. Trout were planted
in Canada liun. One doe was reported killed during the 1912 hunting
season. A few over-night permits were issued in 1913. The conduct
of those who used the forest is improving. They are beginning to
understand the force of the presence of the State in the neighborhood
for protection and restoration of forests. Many persons from the
nearby towns and villages come out into this forest. Our improved
roads make it accessible to visitors.

h

n 5p

I

Lightning Report.

Thirteen trees were struck and shattered during 1913. Three were
not on State land. The period of greatest frequency was during the
months of July and August. The species are as follows:

White birch, 1

Chestnut, dead, 4

Hemlock, 5

Elm, 2

Black locust, 1

13

No trees were ignited.

Fourteen trees were struck and shattered during 1913. The period
of frequency was as follows :

May, 1

July, 6

August, .*.... 5

September, — 2

14

.,-,^v'.|l.'»^

iii«ii f ri ««

430 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.

The species struck were:

Chestnut, 3

Hemlock, g

Birch, 2

White oak, 1

Rock oak, ^

Live chestnut, 2

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

431

14

42. THE KETTLE CREEK FOREST, LEIDY DIVISION.

Forester, John L. MacAvoy,* Hammersleyfork.
Forester, Walter M. Mumma,t Hammersleyfork.
Forester, Max E. Mttller,^ Hammersleyfork.
Forest Ranger, William S. McCoy, Leidy.

The Leidy division of the Kettle Creek Forest is situate in Leidy
township in the northwestern portion of Clinton county. Kettle
Creek drains the larger part of it. The area is very irregular in out-
line, consisting of two main blocks, one on each side of Kettle creek
and a number of smaller areas broken up by private land.

The region in which it is situated is mountainous throughout and
very sparsely settled. The soil is comparatively poor and few of tlie
farms pay. Timber has always been the chief source of wealth in the
neighborhood.

The geological conformation consists of white Pocono sandstone and
red Pocono shale. The former is sometimes used for stone and ma-
sonry work and some of the latter makes good flag pavements. Nar-
row benches near the top of the mountains and irregular draws or hol-
lows on the sides of the ridges are characteristic. Great blocks of
coarse sandstone or conglomerate are found on the tops of some of
the mountains. Traces of coal and iron exist and three recentlv
driven gas wells near Hammersley have an apparently good flow. ^

Lumbering on a large scale was carried on in the neighborhood till
within seven years ago. When the virgin forests were exhausted the
lumbermen moved elsewhere and a large part of the population fol-

^Appointed September 1, IWJ.

lowed. What had been one of the grandest pine and hemlock produc
ing areas of the State was soon reduced to a condition bordering upon
desolation by repeated fires. As the slash and debris disappeared,
however, these did less damage so that now a mixed growth of hard-
woods, consisting chiefly of sprouts, has replaced to a great extent the
former evergreen stands.

The boundary is unsurveyed. In many cases no one knows where
the State and private lands join. The irregular sliape of many of tlie
tracts adds to the difficulty. Many of the old corners have ])een de-
stroyed in lumbering and there is doubt about the identity of others.
All the corners and lines that are definitely knoAvn have been posted.
With such conditions existing, prevention of trespass has been hard
and the necessity of an early sui^vey is keenly felt.

The area is mountainous throughout. Kettle Creek flows in a
southerly direction in a tortuous manner and its tributaries coming in
from either side cut out ridges running east and west. This is the
only hint of iriegularity in the configuration. At the head of the
creeks the mountains seem heaped up at random. Tlie side hills are
very steep, often forming angles of 50 and 00 degrees. Some of tlu^
larger mountains are slightly flat on the top but as a general rule
they are sharp and ragged. Benches, due to geological formation are
a characteristic. These, however, are never very broad.

On the whole the climate is regular. Spring is the most danj^erous
season for fires. The year 1913 was marked by damaging June frosts.

The total area of this division is about 18,600 acres and of this
about 125 acres supports mature timber consisting mostly of hemlock
approximately 100,000 feet. In most cases this is deteriorating and
prone to windfall. Mixed in with this is a little chestnut and oak
suitable for telephone material. Besides this there is considerable
small stuft' which has been killed or injured bv fire and should be re-
moved. Most of the younger stands, nevertheless, are very promising
We can distinguish two distinct main typos. In the first, chestnut
rock oak, and white oak predc^niinate. This type prevails on the east-
ern half of the area. The second, is the familiar beech, birch and
maple mixture interspersed with basswood, red oak, and other species
These stands range from mere shoots up to four and five inches in
diameter. In some cases, weed species like fire rherrv, aspen, or scrub
oak are found mixed in with the more valuable i)ernianent growth
but pure areas of weed growth of large size are not found. There are
about 1,000 acres on which planting is necessary. Fires have thinned
out some of the stands and where fire can be kept out much of the area
will in time reforest itself with valuable species. This is well illn-
trated by a few slopes where good white pine regeneration is creeping
in under an advanced growth of aspen and other hardwoods

N

28

432

REPORT OF THP]

Off. Doc

Not more than one-third of the total area of the division has a den-
sity of 50 per cent, or greater. About 9,000 acres are covered with a
growth ranging in density from 10 per cent, to 50 per cent. 25 acres
comprise the water, stream, and swamp land areas. Eoads, trails
an*^^ fire lanes occupy *{5 acres.

Springs and Streams.

The best springs are cleaned and made accessible. The naming and
posting of the springs is progressing and will be finished next season,
springs are numerous. The larger ones flow steadily throughout the
year. Streams are variable in flow. Since the disappearance of the
wood cover the residents report higher and lower water than formerly.
There is almost no contamination.

Buildings and Repairs.

A small building has been purcliased at Crossfork and will be re-
moved at once to Hammersleyfork to be used as an office building.
There are no other buildings on this forest.

Roads.

The total number of miles of road opened in 1912 is lOJ; fire lanes,
0 miles. The roads need an almost complete rebuilding. Many old
roads may be converted into good highways with the expenditure of a
little effort.

During 1913, 17^ miles of old roads, trails, and fire lanes were re-
paired and 5 miles of new lines opened. 7 miles of pipe line right of
way are kept open by the National Transit Company. This affords
a favorable base for protection. This pipe line right of way of the
National Transit Company is the only easement existing within the
division.

Plantations.

During 1912, the following seedlings were planted on 9 acres.
Three-year-old transplants from one-year seedlings were used :

White pine, 8,000

Norway spruce, 2 000

10,000

The planting during 1913 comprised 100,000 white pines, using
three-year-old seedlings.

No. 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. 433

Ninety-five acres of the forest area have been planted to date. 25
acres of this area are in open fields and meadows. Seedlings planted
to date are as follows:

White pine, 126,500

Norw^ay spruce, 3,000

Scotch pine, 500

130,000

Labor.

The better class of laboring men in this region receives |2.15 per
day. Team hire costs |4.50 per day. Formerly the wage for laborers
was 16 cents an hour, but this is so low that the quality was below the
average. The only industry in the region at present is farming. Much
of the best labor has left the region, although much of that which
remains is of good (quality. The residents willingly assist in the ex-
tinguishment of forest fire.

Markets.

Local markets can scarcely be said to exist. Sawed lumber is called
for in Renovo. Local saw mills at Tamarack find a market for mine
ties in the clay mines. Fuel wood is worth $3.00 per cord chopped,
split, and delivered. On the stump and dead it is almost impossible
to sell. The nearest railroad is 14 miles away.

Insects and Fungi.

The white pine weevil is destructive in this locality. Probably 50
per cent, of the young white pines have been attacked. The locust
borer is present.

Forest Fires.

Two fires occurred during 1912, only one of which was on State
land, burning 200 acres. The damage was slight. In past years this
region has been seveiely burned, which accounts for the sparse growth
on some portions of the State Forest. Protection is at present tlie
chief aim of the forest administration. An outlook tower is in pro-
cess of building and new fire lines are being added. All fires are be-
lieved to be started from hunters, fishermen, and berry i)ickers. Dur-
ing 1913, 6 diff'erent fires burned upon State land, covering a total
area of about 3,200 acres. Because of the weed growth the immediat(;J
actual damage was small.

28—26—1915

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434 REPORT OF THE OIT. Doc.

Outing and Kecreation.

Hunting in the region is good. 6 bucks and 7 bears were taken dur-
ing 1913 on State land and in the neighborhood. Trout fishing is fair.
Bass, eels, and suckers abound in Kettle Creek.

All camp sites within this division will be numbered from 2,301 to
,399 inclusive. 6 camp sites have thus far been located and improved.

Lightning Report.

The period of greatest frequency was during the months of July and
August. 9 bolts were counted, two of which ignited the trees, a white
pine and a hemlock. The species struck were as follows :

Chestnut, 4

Hemlock, 3

White pine, 2

9

During 1913 only one stroke of lightning is known to have occurred
within this division, a chestnut liaviiig been struck in the month of
July.

No 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

43. THE TROUGH CRI EK FOREST.

435

Forester, W. Elmer Houpt, Aitch.

Forest Ranger, John M. Stever,* Cassville.

The Trough Creek State Forest lies in Huntingdon county and in-
cludes what are known as the Brumbaugh and Kendig tracts. There
are no interior tracts.

The area of this forest is approximately 0,100 acres. The boundary
is surveyed and the lines painted and posted. The corners are well
marked and plainly witnessed.

The reserve is bounded on the northwest by the Raystown branch of
the Juniata. The river flows along the foot of Terrace Mountain, in
a very meandering manner. This is due to the soft narrow belt of
Catskill formation through which it flows. It crosses incessantly
from side to side, rebounding from the ridges of upper Chemung sand
rocks on the left, to the solid Pocono sandstone mass of Terrace moun-
tain on the right.

Just below Paradise Furnace, Trough Creek begins its gorge-like
passage through the Pocono sandstones of Terrace Mountain, follow-
ing the axis of the trough northward, and frequently descending in
rapic's until it reaches the Raystown branch. The gray sandstone
cliff > through which it flows have in some places a perpendicular
height of two or three hundred feet.

The surface features are entirely unaffected by glacial action, al-
though bowlder deposits occur along the Raystown branch, but never
more than about 50 feet above the level of the water. These bowlders
consist largely of Pocono sandstone, large ledges of which overhan^r
the stream at many places. '^

Surface rocks are sandstone and shale. Along the slopes of the
mountain the sandstone covers the surface completely, while on the
benches and top the sandstone is hidden, and a good soil is found.
Along the Raystown branch small ridges of red shale are found. The
ridges are steep, and the sliale is hard to the surface, causing the soil
to be very thin and poor. Throughout what is locally known as the
Barrens, the standstone is liidden, except in ravines and hollows. Here
the soil is of a snndy nature and of a poor quality, due to the frequent
flres which have robbed the soil of its humus.

The reserve is exceedingly rough, with altitudes varying from 750
to 1,400 feet. The grade of the slopes varies from 25 to 60 degrees
The slope of Terrace Mountain facing the river is exceedingly steep.

•Resljtnod Soptomlior 30, l:il3. ~

436

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

437

This is also true of the gap through which Trough Creek flows. The
southeast slope of Terrace Mountain is gradual, being formed by roll-
ing hills and shallow valleys, all of which have a general trend to the
south, forming what is known as the Barrens.

The climate is not of the best. During the fall and winter heavy
winds sweep the whole area, while in the summer the air is hazy and
sultry. Frecpient thunderstorms of great violence occur. They travel
mostly in a northeasterly direction.

About 1,000 acres have a density of 50 per cent, or over, and are in
need of improvement. Proper thinning would produce a large quan-
tity of material, probably a million feet of saw timber, 20,000 railroad
ties, 600 cords of pulp wood, bark, pit posts, and extract wood. The
si)ecies are principally hardwoods mixed with pitch pine. Markets
are good and eveiy thing can be handled with profit. 2,930 acres have
V. density of from 10 per cent, to 50 per cent, of the same species.
From this j)ortion one million feet of pitch pine could be removed as
pulp wood or mine props. Freight rates will average about flO.OO
per car. 1,400 acres are brush land and may be reinforced by spot
planting. Seedlings may be planted on 000 acres. 95 acres are covered
with rocks, 24 with water, :>0 occupied by roads, 28 by fire lanes.

Springs and Streams.

All springs have been located on the forest map and have been
cleaned and made accessible. A number are being walled. All map
si)rings have continuous How. The larger streams, Raystown branch
of the Juniata and Trough Creek, are irregular in fiow because of the
heavy runofi". The surface of the land contains little humus. Sulphur
water from the mines enters Trough Creek.

Buildings and Repairs.

The old stone house at the Forge is the only structure worth men-
tioning. If repaired and the grounds improved xl will make a good
house for a forester or a ranger. The Bell Telephone lines pass within
It half mile of this forest. The service is good, at a rental of |1.00 per
month. Nearly all local homes are supplied with the telephone. A
rural line connects with the Bell at Huntingdon.

Roads.

The total mileage of open road at present is 141 miles; fire lanes,
G miles. All the roads are in poor condition. A model road could
be made out of the township load running along Trough Creek.

Roads, trails, and fire lanes were repaired during 1913 for a dij*
tance of about 9 miles. 5 miles were fire lanes, the remaining 4 miles
legular wagon roads.

Leases.

The Juniata and Southern Railroad has a right of way 60 feet wide
with a 20-year lease, through a portion of this forest. While it fur-
nishes easy access to market, it increases the fire danger.

Minerals.

In the face of the rocks along Trough Creek there appears a 6-foot
vein of coal. Its extent and quality are not known.

Seed Collection.

A small quantity of seed of dogwood, papaw, and red oak were
gathered during September and October, 1913. The red oak was kept
for use within the forest, while the others were forwarded to the De-
partment.

Plantations.

Fifteen thousand 3-year-old transplants were set out during 1913.
Two bushels of black walnuts and two pounds of white pine seed were
put into plantations.

The area planted with seedlings to date is 16 acres. The total num-
ber planted is 45,000, principally white pine.

Sampler Plots.

Two sample plots, using white pine and walnut, were made near the
Duncan and Wills camp during 1913. White pine covers 4 acres and
walnuts IJ acres.

Labor.

Unskilled labor costs 16 cents per hour, twc-horse team with driver,
40 cents per hour. The building of the railroad has raised the cost of
labor, but the quality is poor.

Markets.

Prices are fair but will improve shortly. The available private sup-
ply of timber is limited and is being rapidly marketed. Freight rates
are too high. Transportation will be much better when tiie new rail-
road is constructed. Theie is use for ties, posts, rough saw timber,
car timber, mine ju-ops, teit^^one poles, and pulp wood.

hjiij

fi

I,

438 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.

Erosion.

When the forest cover is removed from any of these lands, erosion
begins quickly. On the Brumbaugh tract where the ridges are steep,
erosion rapidly follows a fire. The Kendig tract is rolling in nature
and litti'e washing takes place.

Insects and Fungi.

Six hundred chestnut trees were found attacked by the chestnut
bai'k disoas(^ The trees Avere destroyed and the stumps burned. The
white i)ine weevil has appeared in some of the plantations. Where
detected, the attacked trees were removed and burned.

Forest Fires.

During 1912 but one fire occurred within this forest and burned
over an area of 10 acres. The loss was small. There were no forest
tires during 101:). A 30-foot tire tower has been erected on a high
point.

Outing and Recreation.

No cauijnng parties with jjormits located within the forest during
the year. Picnic paities near the old Forge are common. A camping
club near Calvin located on private ground but hunted over State land
with a crowd of 25. A report of the game and other animals taken,
includes 11 bucks, 2 does, 2 wild cats, 70 i)heasants, 300 squirrels, and
50 rabbits. Fishing is poor. Laurel Run is the only stream contain-
ing trout and not more than 100 were taken. The Raystown branch
uas stocked with black bass and occasionally good catches are made.
All camp sites within this forest will be numbered from 4,701 to 4,799
inclusive.

Lightning Report.

During 1912, 41 trees were struck and shattered. The period of
greatest frequency was during the months of July and August. The
species are as follows :

Chestnut, 17

Pitch pine, 1q

Black oak, 3

White oak, 3

White pine, 2

Hickory, 2

Hemlock,

Pin oak, 2

41

V

No. 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

Twenty-six strokes of lightning are reported during 1913:

Chestnut, 7

Pitch pine, ... 8

Black oak, 4

White oak, 3

White pine, 2

Hickory, 1

Hemlock, 1

The periods of frequency were as follows :

May, 5

July, 12

June, 7

August, 1

September, 1

439

44. THE WHETHAM STATE FOREST.

Forester, J. B. Ryon, Glen Union.

Forest Rangers:

A. M. Wilson,* Glen Union.
R. K. Merrill,t Glen Union.

The Whetham Forest, situate in Colebrook, Gallagher, Grugan,
Chapman, and Noyes townshij)s, is divided into two unequal sections
by the West Branch of the Susquehanna River, along which, running
east and west, is the Philadelphia and Eiie Division of the Pennsyr
vania Railroad. It is located near the central ])art of CUinton county
between Lock Haven, the county seat, and Renovo.

Geological Features.

The summits of the mountains are capped by conglomerate sand-
stone which in places juts out in shelflike cliffs. The exposures of
sandstone display a varied geological formation, often thinning down,
becoming less coarse, and having an appearance not unlike the Pocono

•Loft servico .Taniiary Xl, 1912.
tIJcjfnn service March ir>. 1912.

*!'

440

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

441

sandstone, which lies in next to the conglomerate, the former being of
a grayish color and fine grained. In particular localities the outcrop-
pings approach the true Pottsville conglomerate having rounded
pebbles measuring ^ to | of an inch in thickness. In places where ex-
posures are good the Pocono sandstone can be seen, but such cases
are of rare occurrence.

The soil is a sandy loam, formed by the disintegration of the under-
lying sandrock. It is shallow and has a rich clay sub-soil of con-
siderable depth in places, and which, has never been mined to any
extent, though it has been attempted. The soil is well drained except
on the benches where an excessive amount of water issuing at their
heads, and caused by a singular formation, gives rise to a swampy con-
dition and produces a growth of grass and other vegetation. The
liigher lands or flats being cold and stiff, contain very little ground
tiiat can be profitably used for agricultural purposes. Some of the
side hills are covered with detritus of the conglomerate sandrock.
Here soil is usually wanting. This is the case because the sandrock
contains an insoluble cement and resists erosion. Consequently most
of the rainfall quickly finds its way to the small mountain streams,
often causing in a few hours a rise of several feet. The soil in the
bottom lands along the Susquehanna Kiver is better adapted for
farming. It is of a more sandy nature than the mountain soil.

The surface here described is not of glacial deposit as is evident
from the numerous side hills below the benches which contain frag-
ments of the conglomerate sandrock. The presence of this rock indi-
cates that glacial action has not taken place.

Topography.

The escarpment of the Allegheny mountains presents a rather ir-
regular face, running approximately east and west. The presence
of the Eagleton or Ferney Run anticlinal near the eastern extremity
of the forest produces the high lands in this locality. It presents a
slight dip toward the north. The Whetham basin north of it is shal-
low and hardly more than a roll or slight fo.d* compared with the
Hyner anticlinal which is next in order, and which is also the most
important axis in Clinton county. It extends southwestwardly form-
ing the high lands in the country south of the Susquehanna River.
Barometric readings show a rise of more than '2,100 feet and a rela-
tive rise of 1,460 feet, compared with a rise of 1,600 feet and a relative
rise of 1,000 feet in other portions of the forest.

At the head of Johnson Eun near Whetham one or two of the lower
coals are brought down into the hilltops by the Whetham Basin, but
the area is believed to be small and the coal too soft to be marketed.

This trough may probably be the equivalent of the Towanda mountain
synclinal, though not necessarily continuous with that flexure.

The country is wholly or partially drained by the following streams :
Lick Kun, Ferney Run, Johnson Run, Rattlesnake Run, Mill Run,
Grugan Run, Little and Big McCloskey Runs, and Quell's Run. All
have their sources at the heads of the hollows which have a general
trend of northeast and southwest and end at the great valley of the
West Branch of tlie Susquelianna River. Tliey divide the region into
three distinct topographical aspects, namely, plateau, hilly, and moun-
tainous. The last represents approximately one-half of the entire
area, while the others occupy each one-half of the remaining area.

The presence of the conglomerate sandrock forms distinct terracv.3
or benches near the summits. They are of two classes, those in which
the top of the sandrock forms the flat or bench, resulting only when
the sandrock or conglomerate is compact with a cementing material
not readily soluble; and those in which the shales or slates underlying
the sandrock or conglomerate form the bench, always occurring when
the rock is friable, an with but little or an easily soluble cement
which gives way to the action of water and climatic influence. In ter
races of this latter class the sandrock is eroded more rapidly than the
underlying rocks, its face recedes and leaves a bench Iti front of it.
Springs issuing at the foot of the sandrock escarpment or nearly on a
level wdth the bench trickle across it and produce the swampy con-
dition before mentioned.

Local Climatic Conditions.

This region is subject to a large range in temperature. The sum
mer and winter seasons may be said to be almost equally divided a>
to length, the former bringing numerous and often excessive hot spells,
while the winter season is cold and at times severe. Frost occurs
about six months during the year, beginning some time in October.
Late in the spring of 1913 q ^ ^^st occurred which slightly damaged
the young trees and other forms of vegetation. This, of course, is
very unusual and no doubt was general throughout this part of the
State. During the night a heavy mist invariably settles in the valleys
and vanishes the following morning on api)earance of the sun. This
is most noticeable during the warm season and preceding and durini^
a wet spell. The movement of the mist up the mountains accompanied
by an east wind, which in this locality blows up the river, is certain
sign of an approaching storm. The mist is occasioned by the presence
of the Susquehanna River and other smaller bodies of water.

The prevailing winds ap])arently come out of the northwest. Ob-
servation has shown that toward evening the winds come out of the
west provided the weather is fair and no storm centers are within

I

442

RP^PORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

No. 26.

ten or twelve hours of this point. Otherwise they arise from i>
southerly source.

During the summer months this region is visited by numerous and
frequently destructive electrical storms, which, together with the oc-
currence of the more general precipitation at frequent intervals, keep
the mountain streams and springs abundantly supplied with water.

The year 18G0 marked the beginning of active lumbering in thiis
locality. Previous to this, the work was carried on in a desultory man-
ner.

In 1860 William E. Hill began to lumber in the territory included
between Johnson Run and Rattlesnake Run, Grugan township. This
lasted for a period of about ten years. From 18G5 to 1873 Harry
Cline and Dudley Blanchard operated in the vicinity of Rattlesnake
Run, Gnigan townshi]). Tn 18f)0 Ritchie Brothers commenced to
operate in the Ferney Run country, Grugan and Colebrook townships,
finishing about the year 1870. The cutting at this time consisted
mainly of virgin white pine and oak.

Tn 1862 Perry Dean put up a small mill at the mouth of Ferney
Run and sawed nothing but white oak, which was utilized as car
lumber. He also engaged in peeling hemlock bark, allowing the logs
to remain in the woods to be destroyed by fire. The two years follow-
ing Mr. Dean saw William L. Torbett operating in the country in the
vicinity of Ferney Run. The latter cut principally prop timber, com-
pleting his work about 1888. Tn this same year came William Boyer,
who cut everything that remained on the ground, including paper
wood. He withdrew from the locality in 1896. T^attlesnake Run and
surrounding country was again invaded in 1884 by Christ and Field-
man, this time for the removal of prop timber. At the conclusion of
the latter operation, paper wood was cut until the year 1888.

About 1885 a clay prospect was made in the vicinity of Left Sugar
Camp, Grugan township, by George Gould and Robert Lewi>s under
the direction of Christ and Fieldman. Clay was found to exist but
the operation was not developed any further.

A coal pit was opened by William E. Hill at the head of Johnson
Run, Grugan township, in the year 1861. Coal was dug for a period
of four years, and usefl as fuel in his blacksmith shop while lumbering.

Lumbering operations carried on in McCloskey Run territory, Chap-
man township, were as follows: From 1860 to 1870, N. E. McCloskey
cut the virgin white pine and oak. He was succeeded by James E.
Robbins. In recent years Samuel Wallace put up a small' mill at the
mouth of McCloskey Run and sawed up what scattered trees remained,
making boards, two by fours, railroad ties, and other lumber.

Tn the early 60's, Abner McCloskey lumbered in the vicinity of Dry
T^in, Grugan township, across the river from Ritchie. He was suc-
ceeded by William Sykes, who operated from 1878 to 1879. About

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

443

6

I

eight or nine years following the latter, Sykes and McCloskey together
removed all the hemlock from the country facing the river in Grugan
and Chapman townships.

The boundary survey is complete and the line brushed out. The
Tines above the river have been painted. The area of this forest is
19,000 acres. The portion below the river has an area of 4,080 acres,
and that above the river nearly 15,000. 2,500 acres have a density of
50 per cent, or more, and 7,000 acres have from 10 per cent, to 50
per cent. All of this tract is in need of improvement. Protection is
the chief need in the immediate present. The principal species are
chestnut oak and pitch pine. The 9,500 acres mentioned are known to
contain millions of feet which ought to be removed and would make
ties, props, and pulp wood. A ready market for pulp wood is at Lock
Haven. Mining districts would take the props and ties, and the rail-
roads the railroad ties. 9,500 acres contain little but scrub oak.
:5,000 acres will require artificial reforesting. 6,500 acres will re-
forest themselves if well protected. There are no rock areas such as
will prevent artificial planting. Roads and fire lanes occupy an area
of 53 acres; the water surface is 15 acres.

Springs and Streams.

These are numerous. The larger streams rise in the upper flats and
flow in a southerly drection, reaching the Susquehanna. Stream flow
continues throughout the dry season, although slightly diminished.
The volume of flow is large. A number of small streams abound. Nearly
all the springs are along sides of ravines. These have been cleaned
and made accessible and in some instances walled up. The water is
pure and free from contamination. During excessive droughts a few
of the springs lose water. All important springs are named and
posted.

Buildings and Repairs.

The State owns three buildings within this forest, the principal one
at Whetham occupied by the forester and the ranger and his family.
It is in poor condition. The other buildings are of little value and
are remnants of the lumbering period. The lines of the Bell Telephone
system pass the forester's headquarters but there is no telephone con-
nection. The expense would be too great. There is a railroad tele-
I>hone line connecting the towers and a Standard Oil Pipe Line tele-
I»ijOiie along their right of way.

Roads.

Road improvement at a distance from headquarters can only be done
by camping in the region. As soon as proper camping facilities are

444

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

at hand, distant roads will be worked upon. During the year 1913,
42.7 miles of roads, trails, and fire lines were improved.

Minerals.

An outcropping of bituminous coal is found on the hill between
Kattlesnake liun and Johnson Kun in Grugan township. The vein is
32 inches in thickness. Its extent is not known. Kich clay deposits
occur but little mining has been done.

Plantations.

During 1912, KJ acres were planted to seedling trees and 35,000 of
the following species were planted :

White pine, 15,000

Norway spruce, 10,000

Scotch i)ine, 10,000

35,000

Plantings during 1913 were as follows:

Norway spruce, 2-year, 7,100

Pinus ])onderosa, 2-year 1,000

White pine, 2-year, 20,400

; Scotch pine, 2-year, 6,100

Sugar maple, 2-year, 4^600

Black cherry, 1-year, 900

40,100

All planting to date has been converged at one point so as to make
protection as sure and easy as possible.

To date 52 acres have been planted with seedlings, using the follow-
ing species :

White pine, 55,400

Norway spruce, 17 iqO

Scotch pine, • ig^ioo

Pinus ponderosa, 1 000

White ash, g^OOO

Sugar maple, 7^000

Black cherry, 90q

105,500

(

No. 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. 44.5

Nurseries.

A small nursery of about one-sixth of an acre was begun in the
spring of 1912. It has since been reduced to about 1-16 of an acre.
The first year it prodr. .^d the following stock:

Norway spruce, 30,000

White pine, 15,000

Douglas fir, 4^200

Scotch pine, 3^000

52,200

Eight pounds of seed were used in the nursery during 1913:

Norway spruce, 2 pounds

White pine, 4 pounds

European larch, 2 pounds

8 pounds

The following seedlings formed the stock at the end of the growing
season :

Norway spruce, 2-year, 29,500

White pine, 2-year, 9^200

Scotch pine, 2-year, 8,800

Douglas fir, 2-year, 4^200

51,700

The mole cricket is found to be doing some damage by eating seeds
before germination. The cost of bringing these seedlings to the age
of two years was highest in the case of white pine, |1.47 per thousand,
and lowest in the case of Norway spruce, fl.Ol per thousand. It is
maintained principally as an educalional object but is capable of such
enlargment that it may in the near future supply practically all the
seedlings needed for planting from year to year in this forest.

Sample Plots.

The only sample plot now under study is the dynamite experiment
referred to elsewhere, and to be reported on later.

Labor.

Labor costs |1.75 for a ten-hour day, or |1.40 per day with board.
Teams cost |5.00 per day. Labor is extremely scarce and not a per-
son in the whole region can be depended upon wh6n needed. An
earnest desire for work is not specially prominent.

t:'.

446

REPORT OF THE

Markets.

Off. Doc.

The chief market is lor railroad ties. The Philadelphia & Erie Di-
visiou of the l*eiiiisjlvaiiia road borders the forest for 8 miles ami
uses 8,000 ties per year. The prices according to grade and species
run from 25 cents to 72 cents each. Transportation is good. Numerous
sidings exist for tlie loading of cars. Mine piops go to the hard coal
region with cost for freight from $1.35 to |1.50 per ton. Pulp wood
is taken by the papei* mill at Lock Haven. A special rate of 50 cents
per ton for freigJit prevails. Pi-ivate operators in the neighborhood are
supplying great quantities of ties, poles, and pulp wood, as well as
sawed lumbei'. The following is the recent production in this region:

Standard railroad ties, 7,700.

Mine ties, 2,800.

Mine props, 1,125 tous.

Pulp wood, 50 tons.

Sawed lumber, 95,000 board feet.

These i:;^ures indicate the possibility for the State Forest when pri-
vate lumbering ceases.

Erosion.

The hillsides are generally well covered and erosion is at a mini-
mum.

Insects and Fungi.

The insects and fungi common to forest regions are found to be
prevalent. No very destructive ones exist. The chestnut bark disease
has not yet been reported.

Forest Fires.

Two lires occurred within this forest during 1912 and burned over
an area of 58 acres. The injury was princii)ally to the ground cover
and was not gieat. Fires come mainly from the throwing of sparks
by locomotives. The exposure to this fiie danger is gre.it because at
least 9 miles of milroad i)ass through the State Forest. Small fires
start frequently along the railroad right of way, but are extinguished
quickly by railroad employes. The forest has one fire lookout which
is well situated.

During 1913, (I different fires burned over about 300 acres of State
land and nearly 1,000 acres of private land. The damage in each
instance was confined almost entirely to the dry leafy cover. The

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

447

New York Central Railroad, which runs some of its trains over the
Pennsylvania, is the chief offender and a constant watch must be
kept during danger seasons.

Outing and Recreation.

Fifteen camping parties located within the forest during the open
deer season in 1912. About 112 men composed the camps. 30 deer
were killed in the locality and a large quantity of smaller game. 6
bears were reported killed.

In 1913, 17 camping permits for 110 persons were issued. 30 deer
and 7 bears were taken. Small game was abundant and large quan-
tities were had. Fishing was good.

All camp sites in this forest wdll be numbered from 4,801 to 4,899
inclusive.

Lightning Report.

Nine strokes of lightning were reported for the year 1913:

June, 1

July, 1

August, 4

September, 3

9

Trees struck and shattered were:

Chestnut, 4

Chestnut oak, 2

Pitch pine, x

White oak, 2

No trees were ignited so far as known.

9

I

29

448

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

449

45. THE WHITE DEER FOREST, BUFFALO DIVISION.

Forester, A. 0. Silvius, Laureltori.
Forest Rangers:

Charles L. Braucher,* Hartleton.

Carl Motz, Woodward.

John Rutherford,}- Laurelton.

This division of the White Deer Forest is included wholly within
Hartley township. Union county, and Haines township, Centre county.
After it is carefully marked the brushing out will take place. There
are few small interior tracts of Jittle value and their acquisition would
confer some benefit. Certain exteiior tracts are needed to straighten
boundaries. The total area of this division is about 20,200 acres. The
forest is rugged and mountainous with elevations varying from 600
to 1,400 feet above sea level. It is not suited for any other purpose
than tree culture. The boundary survey is completed but tlie marks
need biightening at a number of places.

There remain no virgin forests, although there is a portion of the
original stand consisting largely of hypermature hemlock on the nortii
side of Paddy mountain, and also near Woodward. On the Paddy
mountain area there is at least 750,000 feet of merchantable saw tim-
ber. One/'ourth is pitch pine and white pine and the remainder hem-
lock. About 8,000 acies have a density in excess of 50 per cent. At
least half of it is in need of improvement. The timber cover consists
mainly of chestnut and rock oak. This imi)rovement can probably be
continued with a prolit and the material will produce posts, ties, and
fire wood. About 9,000 acres have a density ranging from 10 per cent,
to 50 per cent. The wood cover is chestnut and oak with some stand-
ing fire-killed timber of various species. Spot and broadcast sowing
would assist in increasing the density. At least 3,000 acres are
covered with scrub oak, huckleberry bushes, briars, and bare rocks.
Probably 80 per cent, of this area will be reforested naturally if pro-
tected. On the remaining 20 per cent, the soil is thin, bare rocks are
exposed, and reforesting is dilTicult. IMobably 10,000 cords of fire-
killed timber is at present found within the Iract, but is largely inac-
cessible and unsuited for anything but fire wood. Due to successive
burns, an oi)en area of at least 500 acres is now available for planting
with seeds and seedlings. 1,500 additional acres are so rocky that
little regeneration can be expected aftei- cutting. Sti eams cover about

•Loft HiTvlce March 29, 1912.

tH«'t?nn service Septeiulur 1, l!Ui'; resigned ScpteiiitMr 31, VMl].

04 acres; roads and trails, 00 acres; fire lanes, 30 acres. With ade-
quate fire protection at least 18,500 acres ought to be reforested within
the next twenty years.

Springs and Streams.

All important springs have been located and marked on the forest
map. Trails have been cut to them and they are named and posted
These are the continuous springs. There are a number of additional
wet weather springs which cease their flow during the summer months.
The effect of forest and its absence on stream flow was strikingly il-
lustrated after a fire on May 10th. The litter and the debris on the
ground were burned. A very heavy rain followed causing all the
streams so affected to leave their banks. For years prior, with a good
forest cover, no such occurrence happened. Following the fire new
vegetation sprung up. Toward the end of the growing season anothei*
rain of about equal volume occurred. The water was carried off with-
out damage and there was no unusual rise in the waters of the
streams. There is no contamination at present.

Buildings and Rei)airs.

There is but one building on the division, a cabin on Buffalo Creek.
It is not in bad condition but needs some slight repairs. A telephone
line traverses the turnpike through the division. It is little used
and the service is not good. Two fire towers have been built whicii
need to be connected with headquarters by telephone. Other towers
are needed.

Roads.

Roads to the extent of 23 miles were repaired during 101.'^. The
work consisted of grading, ditching, surfacing, and bridging; also
brushing and mowing where needed. There are 11 miles of tra^ils and
10 miles of fire lanes.

Leases.

There is one outstanding contract with L. L. Weaver to remove from
the south slope of tlie mountain near Woodward only the mature
and hypermature hemlocks and unsound trees not needed for seod
purposes. The contract is about half executed and much of the ma-
terial moved to the mill. Sawing will begin early in 1013.

Plantations.

During 1912, 11 acres were planted with seedlings, usu.g 30 000
white pine. '

29—26—1915

450 *• REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.

In' 1913, 34,400 white pine transplants 2-1 year were planted within
the forest.

The division contains 24J acres planted with seedlings and 15 acre^
with seed. To date 20,000 white ash and 64,400 white pine trees have
been planted. A number of the pines were lost by fire in the spring
of the year. Approximately 60,000 growing young pine trees remain.
Seeds as follows were planted:

White pine, 3 pounds

Scotch pine, 2f pounds

European larch, 2 pounds

Douglas spruce, J pounds

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

451

8

Experimental Plots.

Experimental planting was made at the head of Stony Run in tlie
spring of 1913, and contains 15 acres. This is for the purpose of de-
termining whether direct seeding will be a success.

Iron. The price for charcoal there at this time is lO^c a bushel
(beech, birch, and maple). Probably 500,000 feet of lumber may be
procured from unproductive defective and dying trees of hemlock,
I'itch pine, and white pine, all of which is hypermature and should
lie removed. The rough lumber demand in the neighborhood would
take all this material.

Erosion.

Where the surface of the land has been severely burned, erosion is
taking place, especially on the upper waters of Buffalo Creek. With
protection, the return of young growth will probably prevent further
washing.

Insects and Fungi.

No insect enemies are at present reported and the chestnut blight
fungus is present only with scattered infections.

Nurseries.

A small nursery was started in the spring of 1912 in the forester's
garden. It was destroyed by sparrows due to inability to give it
needed attention at the proper time.

Labor.

The usual rate paid for labor is 15 cents per hour. Team and driver
are worth from $3.00 to |3.50 per day. Laborers are abundant and
the quality is good. Inferior workmen may be had for a less price.

Markets.

There is small local market for fire wood resulting from improve-
ment cutting. According to quality and species, it sells for from 10
cents to 25 cents per load. There are no local manufacturing indus-
tries creating a demand for lumber. All that produced is of low
grade and sells from |15.00 to |30.00 per thousand feet. The species
called for are hemlock, chestnut, white pine, oak, and maple. Trans-
portation facilities are rather poor.

Improvement Cutting.

At present the subject of improvement cutting has not been reached.
There is material which ought to be removed from the forest, and a
possible market for it in the form of charcoal mav be had at Glen

Forest Fires.

Fires are the great scourge of this region, but during the year 1912
there were no forest fires on State land. In 1913, the area burned
amounted to at least 8,600 acres. We may expect fires to continue
until a more adequate system of protection is put into operation.
There are two fire observatory stations on the division.

Trespass.

There have been violations of the forest laws but it is not possible
to detect the guilty persons. A violation of the deer law occurred
and this was reported to the Game Commission.

Outing and Recreation.

Hunting and fishing constitute the principal reasons for persons
going into the woods. 61 hunters occupied 8 camps in 1912. 8 deer
were killed within the division. Smaller game was abundant.

During 1913, 6 camps with 49 persons were on State land. 12 deer
were killed, 6 bears, and large numbers of small game.

Five hundred trout were planted in the waters during the autumn.

All camps in this forest will be numbered from 4,901 to 4,999 in-
clusive. 17 such camp sites have been prepared and named.

r <

452

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

i

•" Lightning Keport.

But six cases of lightning were reported throughout the year. Three
in eTune, two in July, and one in August. The species struck were:

White oak, 2

White pine, 1

Hemlock, 3

«

No fires resulted from any of the; bolts.

In 1913, 11 trees were struck and shattered. The months of fre-
quency were as follows :

June, g

'Tuly, 5

11

The species struck were:

Red oak, 2

Sugar maple, i

Pitch pine, 3

Cherry, j

Chestnut, 2

White pine, 2

11
So far as known, no trees were ignited by the bolts.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY,

453

46. THE WHITE IJEEK FOKEST, McOALL DIVISION.

Forester, Raymond B. Winter, Mifflinburg.

Forest Rangers:

S. M. Roadarmel, Mittiinburg, R. D. No. 2.
L. M. Stover, Livonia.

This division is located in Miles township, Centre county, and in
Hartley, Lewis, West Bufl'alo, and White Deer townships, Union
county.

The boundary survey of this division is not yet completed, owing to
the purchase of additional tracts. Some interior private holdings are
not yet run out. Corners where known are well marked. The present
area of the division is 22,500 acres.

A few small areas contain hypermature trees, but these are limited
to the rough, steep surfaces and cannot be lumbered at a profit. The
area having a stand of 50 per cent, or over is 15,400 acres. 15,000
acres of this area are not in need of improvement. The area having
a density of less than 50 per cent, is 2,000 acres. Scrub oak covers
5,000 acres. Probably not more than 100 acres may be planted at this
time with profit.

There are a number of interior tracts, some of which are likely to
be added to the State's holding. In order to protect State land, it is
necessary to protect the interior tracts as well. The division lies be-
tween two other forest divisions, Buffalo and Tea Spring, consecjuently
there is little difficulty arising from exterior tracts in private holding.
The acquisition of a number of these tracts will simplify the mattei*
of management and make the division less expensive to protect and
control.

Springs and Streams.

A few of the permanent springs have been cleaned and made ac-
cessible, named and posted. Camp sites are located near them. No
measurement of spring flow has been made. A number of them fail
during drought. The removal of timber and the burning of humus is
responsible for the failure. The streams vary with the precipitation.
There is almost no contamination. The borough of Mifflinburg pro-
cures its water supply from the branch.

Buildings and Repairs.

This forest contains buildings at two camps, but are of little value.
A new camp was established during 1J)1;{ for the convenience of the
forest force, and includes a shelter for horses.

1

i

454

KEPORT OF THE

Off. Doc

The Bell Telephone line is extended to the Forest House. Kanger
Stover is equipped with the United telephone. Service is good at
.50 per month. l*ermanent forest headquarters are a necessity.

Koads.

Total mileage of road at piesent opened and usuable is 33 miles;
trails, 7 miles; fire lanes, 8 miles.

During 1913, roads, trails, and fire lines were improved for a dis-
tance of 46.4 miles.

Easements.

The lines of the Bell Telephone Company have been extended to
Forest House. The charge lor a telephone at present is $18.00 per
year. Some piivate telephone lines are in prospect. A pipe line
crosses the eastern end of the division. Its presence is a benefit from
the point of view of fire protection.

Seed Collection.

During the year 1U\'2, about two bushels of hemlock cones were
collected and retained for use on the division.

Plantations.

During 1912, 4,700 red oak seedlings were planted, covering 2 acres
One acre was planted with seed and 1 J with cuttings.

In 1913 the following seeds and trees were planted into the forest

Norway spruce, 1-1 year, i 500

Pitch pine, 1-lyear, 400

White pine, 1-1 year, i^500

Scotch pine, 1-1 year, 2OO

3,600
Seed in plantation as follows:

Norway spruce, 1 ^q^j^^

Pitch pine, 2 pounds

Hemlock, 3 po^jj^g

Seed in nursery:

European larch, ^ p^^^^

Norway spruce, j p^^^^^

No. 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. 455

To date 5 acres have been planted with seedlings in experimental
work and the same area with seeds used experimentally. The quantity
of seed planted to date is as follows :

Hemlock, 3 pounds

Pitch pine, 3 pounds

Norway spruce, li pounds

Scotch pine, 1 pound

Douglas fir, -| pound

Red oak, 1 peck

Sugar maple, 3 pounds

The planting of seedlings to date is as follows:

White pine, 11,500

Norway spruce, 1,500

Pitch pine, 400

Scotch pine, 200

Red oak, 4,700

18,300
Sample Plots.

A number of plantations have been made, the last during 1912,
when one-half acre was sown with Scotch pine seed, the land having
been burned over. What rubbish and other material remained on it
were cleared off and the soil scratched. This has proved a success.
Seed sown in the sample plots during the year included:

Norway spruce, ^ pound

White pine, 1 pound

Scotch pine, 1 pound

Douglas fir, ^ pound

Nurseries.

The small nursery area for experimental purposes covers 700 square
feet. At the end of the 1913 season it contained the following seerl-
lings :

Norway spruce, 1-year, , 8,000

European larch, 1-year 40O

8,400

Seedlings to the number of 1,600 were taken from the nursery in the
s} ring of the current year and planted within this forest. The nurserv
is simply for experimental purposes and is not capable of enlar<'e-
ment ^

456

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

Labor.

Labor in this region costs 15 cents per hour or |l.50 per day. Team
with driver may be had for from p.OO to p.SO per day. Laboring
men are hard to get because of farm work and berry picking. The
quality of the labor in this region is fair, but it must be supervised
constantly.

Improvement Cutting.

A small improvement was started at the Halfway bridge, a narrow
strip between Brush Valley road and Kapid Kun. This was in a fire
killed area. After cleaning up it was planted with conifers, which are
growing satisfactorily. Little improvement cutting has thus far been
accomplished except at a dangerous jdace in the Brush Valley Nar-
rows.

Markets.

The local markets call for building material. Mifflinburg is a center
for manufacturing can-iages. The forest products are from 6 to 18
miles from the Pennsylvania railroad. The cost for delivery is too
great. The local market will probably be small for many years to
come. There is at present little sale for cord wood.

Erosion.

Little erosion is in evidence on this division except in the old trail
roads. The rapid restoration of the growth cover after a fire prevent.s
washing.

Insects and Fungi.

The chestnut blight fungus has appeared and is doing some dam-
age at two places, one near the McCall property and the other on the
southeastern side of Buffalo mountain. Oyster shell scale is present
on soft woods, and the bark beetle is working in the large hemlocks.

Forest Fires.

The greatest danger on this division from fires arises from in-
cendiarism and carelessness. The people still seem to think they must
burn the mountains to produce a crop of huckleberries. During the
year there were but two fires on this forest and the area burned ove-
was about 200 acres. The damage was slight. Cause of both is believed
to be carelessness of travelers and hunters. In some places the burn-

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

457

ing was to the mineral soil ; in others only the top layer was scorcked.
The bare tops of Buffalo and Sand mountains are high enough to
be used for lookout stations at present. A small tower on each would
be of great benefit. Fire roads lead to both places.

Two fires on State land during 1913 covered 1,500 acres and were
intentionally started, from best evidence at hand.

Outing and Kecreation.

This region is much sought after for hunting, fishing, and general
recreation. The people of Buffalo Valley enjoy it to the full. A num-
ber of permanent private camps exist. During fishing, berrying,
chestnut, and mountain tea seasons the forest is frequented by large
numbers of persons. Their conduct is generally good, but there are
some exceptions. It will take time to bring them to see that they
must use the forest in a changed manner. During the 1912 deer sea-
son there were 10 camps on State land and 10 on private land. At
least 250 men and boys engaged in hunting. 24 deer were reported
killed, and 2 bears. One of these was brown. Small game was abund-
ant and good bags were secured.

Twenty-seven permits were issued to 145 persons in 1913. 20 deei*
were taken and 300 men hunted on the division during the open sea-
son. A large number of pheasants, rabbits, squirrels, and raccoons
were likewise killed.

All camp sites in this division will be numbered from 5,001 to 5,099
inclusive.

Fishing is good in all the streams. The best streams are stocked
every year. The likelihood is they will be overfished and the stock
depleted. There are at least 25 good camp sites within the division.

Lightning Report.

The period of greatest freciuency of lightning was during the
month of August. The trees struck and shattered were:

Scarlet oak, 2

Chestnut, 5

White oak, 2

Pitch pine, 7

Five of the pitch pines struck were dead,
ignited so far as known.

16

None of the trees was

458 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.

The following trees were struck and shattered in 1913:

Pitch pine, 5

White pine, 1

Hemlock, 2

Chestnut, 5

Rock oak, 4

Red oak, 1

Scarlet oak, 1

19

One wiiite pine was struck and ignited. This tree was entirely con-
sumed.

I

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

459

duct would be inferior material with no market calling for it. The
product would amount to about IJ cords per acre. High freight rate-s
would cause a loss in handling. With protection natural regeneration
will strengthen the area very considerably. That portion having a
density of from 10 per cent, to 50 per cent, will reach approximately
6,000 acres. A few scattered old rock oaks and hemlocks are found
here and should be removed. Natural regeneration of good young
material is in evidence and satisfactory growth will result with proper
protection. The brushy growth will cover 1,000 acres. Natural re-
generation will ultimately reclaim it, but slowly. Some fire-killed ma-
terial on it might produce 1,500 cords. The area which can be planted
at this time with little difficulty and without preparation of the
ground does not exceed 5 acres. There are many rocky points and
ledges where only a sparse tree growth is found. The old stumps show
tliat trees once grew there. Upon 200 acres of such area may be ex-
pected only partial natural regeneration. Streams cover 40 acres;
roads and trails 80 acres; fire lanes, 30 acres.

17. THE WHITE DEER FOKEST, TEA SPRING DIVISION.

Forester, Homer S. Metzger, Loganton.

Forest Rangers :

D. R. Harbeson, White Deer.

Harry H. Kiel, Loganton, R. D. No. 1.

This division lies in the eastern portion of Centre county, south-
eastern i)oition of Clinton county, and the western end of Union
( ounty. The forest headquarters are located at Eastville.

The division contains approximately 26,000 acres, lying between
Sugar Valley narrows and Brush Valley narrows. The boundary sur-
vey is complete except on the north line of a warrant and the west
line of another, these being late purchases. All surveyed lines are
blazed and posted. Two miles have been brushed out to serve as a
fire lane. Large stone monuments are built at each corner. No ad-
ditions were made to the division during 1913.

Mature and hypermature trees were found scattered about but there
is no area which may be said to be covered with this class of forest.
These old trees are scattered over an area of 1,000 acres or morein rough
places, are distant from the railroad, and will not make good lumber.
Possibly 100,000 feet of this second grade material might be found.
A density of 50 per cent, or over is found on approximately 18,000
acres. 15,000 acres of this area will need no improvement cutting at
this time. 3,000 acres would be helped by some cutting, but the pro-

Springs and Streams.

All located springs have been cleaned and cleared and trails opened
to them. Nearly all are posted. The larger springs flow throughout
the year. Few are dry in summer. Humus conditions are not good
and the springs were not known to go dry while the surrounding
mountains were well timbered. Stream flow is regular throughout the
year except Crabapple Run, which dwindles to a thread. The waters
are without danger of contamination.

Buildings and Repairs.

New buildings have been erected, one set at Eastville for the for-
ester's headquarters, and one at Tea Spring for the ranger. The neces-
sary additional out-buildings and fences have been added and all are
now in good repair.

Koads.

The development of a system of roads, trails, and fire lanes was the
main feature of the work during 1912. Two miles of new road were
built. This serves also as a good fire lane and gives ready access to
the interior of the forest. The remaining work consisted of improving
the old roads by correcting grades, removing stones, and in the de-
velopment of fire lanes and trails. The principal part of the work
was done by the forester and his rangers. The total mileage of roads
within this division is 40 miles; trails, 10 miles; fire lanes, 6 miles.

f!

m

HEPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

461

During 1913, 51 miles of road were repaired and IJ miles of new
road were built. The McCall dam load was improved for a distance
of 4 miles. Tlie giades were lowered and large stones removed. Gravel
was used foi- surfacing. One new bridge was built. Fire lanes were
opened for 1(> miles and all logs and brush taken out. A narrow path
of bare soil was ex}>osed in the interior. (I miles of trails wei'e
brushed and improved.

Easements.

The White Deer and Loganton Railroad Company has a right of
way through this division. Tliis existed juioi- to the i)urchase by the
State. The presence of the railroad increases the fire danger but it
will be a useful adjunct to take material to tlie market in the future.

Seed Collection.

A small (piantity of seed was collected in 1913 amounting to a
bushel each of red . ik, white oak, and rock oak. The seeds were low
in quality. The year was known as a poor seed year.

Plantations.

t

During 1912, 5,000 seedlings of the American elm were planted, a
least 95 per cent, of which are in healthy condition. The area planted
covered about 3 acres. Seed sown in sample plots covered about half
an acre.

Duiing the year 1913 the following seedlings were planted:

Norway spruce, 2-year, 2,000

Scotch pine, 2-year, 2^oqq

White pine, 1-1 year, 5'qqq

9,000
The following trees have })een planted to date:

Scotch pine, 2 000

^'*^it^ I^"^^^ ..'.!.'.' 15,'000

Korway si)ruce, 2,000

American elm, Is'oOO

^^^ttings, !!!!;;;.**.*;.* i^ooo

^^*^^» 35,000

Sample Plot.

An experimental plot of Norway spruce and white pine in mixtui e
was planted at the Black Gap idantation on 3 acres. The ground
was covered Avith heavy growth of ferns and weed trees. The experi-
ment is to see which of the species will make the better growth under
the above conditions.

Labor.

Labor in the region costs 15 cents per hour. For a team the price is
30 cents per hour with or without driver. The labor is scarce. Nearly
all have small holdings of their own and they give them the first at-
tention. The people ])refer steady employment and this is not to be
luul within the State Forest.

Markets.

The only local demand is for a small amount of fire wood. Build-
ing material ranges in price from $18.00 to |24.00 per thousand ac-
cording to size and quality. Cord wood sales are made at a price
ranging from 15 cents to 25 cents per cord, according to kind and dif-
ficulty or ease in procuring it. The nearest market for the above ma-
terial is 17 miles. The rates are too high to allow shipment of in-
ferior material.

Erosion.

The division is so well stocked with growth of some kind that no
erosion is taking place.

Insects and Fungi.

^ The chestnut bark disease has been noticed in a few trees. Wher-
ever found it has been cut out and destroyed.

Forest Fires.

During 1912 there were no forest fires on State land. Two fires oc-
curred nearby on private land, both of which were fought by the forest

force.

No fires occurred in 1913 during the fall of the year. The three
occurring on State land were in the spring and all indications point
to the fact that they were intentionally set. Four other fires burned
on nearby private land. State land was burned to an aggregate area
of 3,050 acres. One observatory tower was built on what is known
as First Mountain. A fire lane was brushed over Tea Knob. Thig

I

A

462

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

being the highest point on the division, likewise serves as an obser-
vatory station. Fire wardens in the neighborhood were prompt in
attending to their duties.

Outing and Recreation.

The region is much sought for by hunters and fishermen. During
the 1912 hunting season 28 camping permits were issued for this
division and about 100 additional men hunted without camping.
These board in the valley with the farmers. Hunting and fishing be-
come more popular each year and more people are brought directly
into contact with forest work. The rules governing the use of the
forest are very carefully observed. 17 deer were reported taken dur-
ing the season. Small game is abundant and appears to be increas-
ing.

Twenty-four permits were granted into the division during the 1913
hunting season. About 100 other persons hunted on State land. The
conduct of all hunters was entirely satisfactory. Fourteen deer and
2 bears were killed on the division during the season. Large numbers
of pheasants, rabbits, grey squirrels, were taken. Two catamounts
were killed. Brook trout are abundant in White Deer Creek and
fishing is good. 22 camp sites have been located and marked. All
camps within this division will be numbered consecutively from 5 101
to 5,199 inclusive. '

Lightning Report.

In the locality, not confined alone to State land, 8 trees were struck
by lightning during the season. The period of greatest frequency wa.
the month of May. The species struck were:

Chestnut, .

Hemlock, ^

Hickory, .............. 2

No trees were ignited so far as known.

During 1913, 11 trees were struck and shattered bv lightning The
period of frequency was as follows : &• ^ne

June,

Jniy, ^^i^^^i!!!!!!!!!!!!; ' I

August, * • • •

September, ♦.,,.. i

11

No. 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

The species struck were as follows:

Chestnut, 5

Hemlock, 3

Rock oak, 2

Red maple, i

463

11

So far as known, none of these trees struck were ignited.

48. THE YOUNG WOMAN'S CREEK FOREST.

Forester, Walter M. Mumma, North Bend.
Forest Ranger, F. P. Miller,* North Bend.

The Young Woman's Cieek Forest is situate in Chapman township,
Clinton county, almost entirely on the waters of the creek bearing the
same name. A small portion of the forest extends eastward into the
divide of Hyner Run, and a part westward into Paddy Run. The
latter lands adjoin the State Forest in Leidy township. The forest is
bordered on the north by the Black Forest and Kettle Creek Forest
in Lycoming and Potter counties respectively.

The forester was assigned to this region September 1, 1912, and
in the short time he has been in charge it has not been possible to
accomplish much in the way of permanent improvement. Because
of the unsurveyed boundaries and the disappearance of line trees and
other marks, it is somewhat difficult to locate the exact lines. They
have been determined approximately and proper notices posted.
This land is a solid block with the exception of a single interior tract.
The lumbering of the whole area was complete, followed by the usual
torest fires. The best growth was in the southern portion. The
second growth hardwood has to date produced some merchantable ma-
terial. There is a scattered regeneration of hemlocks and some hyper-
mature hardwoods over the steep slopes. A fine second growth of
white pine, of small area, is at the head of Stout Hollow. With fires
kept out the brush soon reaches large size and the promise for re-
generation naturally is good. The hills are steep and washed rather
bare of soil. Regeneration of any kind will be difficult in these places.

•Left service May 15, 1913.

i*

80

4&k

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

465

Geological Formation.

Nearly all the land in the township is included in the Karthaus-
Renovo coal basin, but the workable coal beds are few in number.
These exist mostly along the river hills and hence the probability of
coal under the State land is remote. At Renovo several beds are
caught in the deepest portion of the basin, but these have not proved
valuable. Northeast of this locality the axis rises so that in the coun-
try between Paddy's Run and the Coudersport pike, the available coal
land is in isolated portions.

The rocks of the region are all of the sub-carboniferous period.
The conglomerate predominates, with occasional outcroppings of the
red shale. Beneath these come the Pocono sandstone, found mostly
in the ravines.

Valuable deposits of fire clay have been discovered on adjoining
lands but so far no signs of mineral wealth have been discovered on
the State property.

The highlands near the Potter county line show slight evidences of
glacial action, such as groovings, terraces, and moraines. North of
the line the action of the Potter county glaciers is more visible.

Topography.

The forest is cut into three large divisions by the two main
branches of Young Woman's Creek. To the west is the large area be-
tween the West Branch and the divide of Paddy's Run. This is fur-
ther divided by four streams running in a general northwesterly di-
rection. Mud Lick, Stout Hollow, Shingle Branch, and Greenlick.
Between the East and West branches of the creek is a large territory
known as the Fork Hill. The top of this hill is a large rolling
plateau extending from the forks of the creek to the divide between
the West Branch of the Susquehanna and Pine creek. The only ra-
vines in the Fork Hill of any size are found on the eastern side
These are Summerson Run, McCraney, Bull Run, and the Lebo. On
the western side there are several small hollows which rise rather
abruptly.

To the east of the East Branch there is another large plateau ex-
tending in that direction to the Hyner divide. This is also cut into
smaller portions by several streams, Lorillily Fork, Shaney Brook
John Quiggle Run, Stone Chimney Hollow, Six Mile Hollow and
Seven Mile runs. '

The side hills are very steep and rocky, especially for ten or twelve
miles up the creek. Then the country gradually broadens out to the
head of the stream. The large plateaus on top usually have a gooc^

sandy soil, which, previous to the destructive fires, was of a loamy
nature.

While this land is fair for farming, the untimely frosts would
make agriculture hazardous. The region near the head of the creek
has frost nearly every month in the year, while down in the valley
there are usually three months without frost. The precipitation is
normal. During: the past summer (1913) there occurred a severe
drought during the month of August. All the smaller streams were
dried up. •

Springs and Streams.

There is an abundance of water, with springs at the head of every
little hollow. The plateau region is dry and springs are few in num-
ber. All have been improved and paths opened to them. Protracted
drought causes many to fail. Stream flow is variable. Absence of
luimus is largely responsible.

Buildings and Repairs.

The only building of any consequence is the old Howard and Perley
cottage at the mouth of Greenlick Run. It has been slowly falling
into a dilapidated condition, but a few repairs would make it an
ideal station for a ranger.

Roads.

The main roads are the old mountain trails along the branches of
Younk Woman's Creek. Some of them are in good condition although
they have not had work done upon them for years. These roads
have been brushed and the stones removed. 100 feet of cribbing was
built where there was danger of the creek cutting out the road.
The slopes are too steep, and the grades require lessening. The total
mileage of open road capable of being traveled is G miles. A local
movement is on hand to open the main \^)ung Woman's Creek road
through to the Coudersport pike. The road along the right hand
branch of the creek is in bad condition. It is located on low areas
and is too wet. Brushing a little m .re than the ordinary width would
assist in drying it. The local gun clubs are always ready to lend a
hand in putting roads into better condition. These two roads form
the basis of the fire protection system and the series of roads and
trails to be worked out will be based upon them. An old railroad
grade running for a distance of 10 miles along the Shingle Branch
may be made into a good road and will connect this forest with the
Kettle Creek forest. The other old mountain roads will make suitable
fire lines.

;J0— 20— 1915

tt

466

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

In 1913, road work was carried on where most needed. All the
toads need improvement. Upwards of 20 miles were covered on 7 of
the more important roads, the repairs being brushing, scraping, and
draining.

Minerals.

It is believed that large portions of this forest are underlaid with
fire clay deposits, although none has actually been disclosed. There
is fire clay on adjoining lands and the formations are much alike.
Valuable revenue for the State is a possible promise from this source.

Leases.

A small amount of timber cutting has been made by A. J. Gotshall
iQ Mud Lick Kun and Dark Hollow. All such material that ought
to be taken out now for the betterment of the forest is being removed.

Plantations.

Planting during 1913 was done at the Reiker farm,
seedlings were used:

Red pine, 2-year,

White pine, 1-lyear,

Norway spruce, 2-year,

The following

10,000

13,400

8,600

32,000

Labor.

Labor costs from |1.75 to f2.00 per day and men are difficult to
get. Only those may be had who are not desirous of steady employ-
ment. Team hire costs |4.50 per day with driver. The local brick
yards, the tannery, and the nearby railroad shops at Renovo offer
steady work with high wages, and at present the forest is not able to
compete with them.

Markets.

The jack pine is called for from the hard coal fields. The mines
will take almost any kind of good hardwood. Locust of 5 inches in
diameter upward in cord wood lengths is used for insulator pins. The
paper mill at Lock Haven will take paper wood, paying for jack pine
from $7.00 to |8.00 per cord. Dead chestnut is about the only timber
that should be removed at present from this forest. It cannot be
sold at a profit.

'«

No. 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. 467

Insects and Fungi.

There is no serious fungous attack. The chestnut bark disease is
uot found. The locust borer is prevalent and damages l^oth small
ind large trees.

Forest Fires.

Hunters and fishermen all express a willingness to assist in pre-
Miiting fire. Because of the inaccessibility of large parts of this
1 . rest, a hard fire would be difficult to fight.

Fires were prevalent in 1913 and because of the dryness they
burned rapidly over the surface. The spring fires and the trout fish-
ing seasons are coincident. Brick yard tram engines and lumber
.perations cause some fires. 7 fires during the year were fought by
the forester, two wholly on State land, 3 wholly on private land, and
J on both State and private land. The area of State land burned
was 3,000 acres. The earlier fires were not so destructive. The main
[problem in this forest is the prevention and suppression of fires.
There is a better attitude on the part of the residents toward the fire
problem.

Outing and Recreation.

There is an abundance of fish and game in this region and it is
much sought after by sportsmen. Several hundred hunters have
availed themselves of the opportunity. At least 400 hunters went into
the woods from Hyner and most of them went upon State land.

Twenty-four permits were issued in 1913 into this forest. Hun-
dreds of persons used it for the day only. Trout streams are well
stocked. There is no pollution.

Permanent camps in this forest will be numbered from 5,201 to
r>,299 inclusive. 7 permanent camping sites have thus far been
cleared.

Ill

468

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

469

1.
■ 3r,

'i

49. THE STATE FOREST ACADEMY, 1912.

E. A. Zie^ler, Director.

Buildings and Grounds.

The buildings received some needed repairs and a bath room was
added for kitchen employees. The old ice house was no longer usable
and a new one was constructed in a better location.

The students surveyed and laid an 8-inch open joint terra cotta
drain for a distance of 600 feet. This was necessary for the proper
draining of the Academy grounds. It carries off the rain in wet
weather satisfactorily and takes care of the seepage from the stream.
They leveled the lower campus making a cut and fill, and improved
the condition of the grounds. A new cess pool has for the present
at least solved the sewage disposal (piestion. The road to the stable
has been changed and improved.

Library.

Additions to the library have been made by the purchase of 23
volumes and the gift of 09 volumes by the friends of forestry 54
volumes were presented by the Pennsylvania Forestry Association
The books were gladly received. At present the library is deficient
in history, biography, poetry, travel, and fiction. The students sup-
port a periodical club with the help of the faculty and a member of
the Forestry Commission.

Equipment.

The herbarium case has been installed and a platform for the col-
lection of Pennsylvania woods is about to be erected. The collection
of photographs and lantern slides in zoology, botany, and wood tech-
Mology has been enlarged.

Instruction.

Prof. Worthley left the tea.lnnf; force, accepting a position with
the Pennsylvania IJailroad forestry staff. Mr. Retan, a graduate of

hn.r r".^:' '' "''"""^'^ """ "■ ^^''^-'^'t^e, and has also assumed
(harge of the nursery m place of Mr. Bietsch. This arrangement
nmkes for economy in the teaching force and the instruction has pro-

ceeded satisfactorily. The stock map of the Mont Alto division is
complete and was finished before the retirement of Prof. Worthley.
Meteorological observations were interrupted but have since been re-
sumed. The curriculum as corrected for the year 1913 is found at-
tached hereto.

Student Body.

Because of deficiency in studies, three members of the third year
class resigned. One who had failed in one branch only was reinstated
January 1, 1913, and will follow with the next class. The class which
entered September, 1912, contains no men from the farm or forest,
and in this respect is not an improvement over former classes. How-
ever, the test of the new entrance requirements is scarcely complete
so that proper conclusions may not be drawn.

Labor.

A part of the course at the Academy is the labor requirement from
the student body. This they do in addition to their field instruction
work. Their labor is supervised by instructors and correct forestry
practice is maintained. Their record for labor is as follows :

Fire fighting and patrol, 1,049 hours

Tree planting, 1,181 hours

Nursery work, 1 ,015 hours

Wood cutting (forest thinning and

improvement) , 1,964 hours

Logging and mill work, 1,233 hours

Campus grading and drain, 3,253 hours

Campus upkeep and minor improve-
ments, 1,127 hours

Surveying, topographic map, 3,105 hours

Stock map, 2,492 hours

Miscellaneous, 540 hours

16,959 hours

The above is equivalent to 67 9-hour days per student, and shows
30 per cent, more labor than was performed in 1911.

Lectures.

To relieve what may seem to become a monotony in Academy life,
lecturers were invited occasionally^ for the entertainment of the

470

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

studeuts. During the year lectures were given by the following per-
sons :

J. Horace McFarland, Harrisburg,

"See Pennsylvania First."

Hon. S. B. Elliott, Member of the State Forestry Reservation Com-
mission, Keynoldsville,

''The March of Forest Devastation in Pennsylvania.'*
Miss Mira L. Dock, Fayetteville,

"The Forest Reservation Commission.''

At intervals members of the faculty discussed forestry subjects.

THE STATE FORESTRY ACADEMY, 1913.

Buildings and Grounds.

The year just closed has been the first one since 1908 during which
1.0 new buildings or extensive campus improvements have been under
way. The school is comfortably housed and the school work conse-
(iuently more effective. Necessary improvements now are limited to
equipment such as the much-needed cases for the dendrology, ento-
mology, and pathology collections which are rapidly increasing in
size. ®

wUh''"T^'^^""* ''"•^^' "^^"^^ "' "''"^^ sandstone and surmounted

W o wr,""' Tn'"" '""-^^ "'^ ^^-- ^-«- the stream n

.on of Wiesthng Hall. This bridge replaces an old unguarded

ooden bridge and is a notable improvement to the campus fr^bo h

tie aesthetic and utilitarian points of view. A concrete waS wa,

also built from this bridge up to Wiestling Hall

^ An excellent stone retaining wall was erected in the rear of Main

^^ A portion of the campus roads were top-dressed with crushed lime-

Library.
Additions to the library have been made as follows: Purchase 30
'oumes; presented, 10 volumes; pamphlet publications b^und !!

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

471

The periodical club was again maintained by the students and in-
structors.

Equipment.

There was little equipment added during the year. The school is now
well equipped with laboratory and class room apparatus. In a forest
school, however, the '^natural sciences" must necessarily receive much
attention and any effective and progressive instructor will soon be
accumulating a working collection, at least, of specimens for class
instruction. The Forest Academy has reached this stage and it is of
the greatest importance that proper receptacles and cases be at once
provided for the various collections. It is very discouraging for an
instructor to spend valuable time and much effort in mounting den-
drology specimens, or collecting fungi or insects of economic import-
ance in the forest, only to see the specimens ruined and the work lost
for want of proper receptacles and cases for their preservation.

Tenth Anniversary Commencement.

In August, 1913, the Pennsylvania State Forest Academy cele-
brated the 10th Anniversary of its establishment. The field meeting
of the State Foresters was held on the Caledonia and Mont Alto
State Forests on August 12 and 13, which permitted the Academy
graduates to attend the commencement exercises on the 14th. Many
of the foresters were back for the first time since their graduation and
the progress in the school and the improvement of the adjacent State
Forests were much remarked.

Prof. Filibert Roth, Dean of the Forestry Department at the Uni-
versity of Michigan, attended the foresters' field meeting and gave the
Forest Academy Commencement address. The presence of the Com-
mission, the Secretary of Agriculture of Pennsylvania, the President
of the American Forestry Association, and the graduates made the
Tenth Anniversary Commencement a memorable ono.

The Commencement program follows:

EIGHTH GRADUATING EXERCISE PROGRAM.

^^«ic^ Orchestra.

Invocation.
Salutatory, Qeorge Sargent Perry.

^"«^^' Orchestra.

*72 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.

Address, Prof. Filibert Roth,

Dean of the School of Forestry, University of Michigan.

^^sic, Orchestra.

Greetings.

I^resentation of Diplomas, Edwin A. Ziegler, A. M.,

Director, State Forest Academy.

^^^^^^y Orchestra.

Valedictory, William Erdmann Montgomery.

EIGHTH GKADUATTNG CLASS.

Class of 1913.

Valentine Mathias Bearer,
Horace Fieldhouse Critchley,
John Rutherford Elder,
Tliomas Henry Golden,
Jesse Meredith Houtz,

Benedict Bryson McCool,
William Erdmann Montgomery,
Max Ernst Mrtller,
Robert Roland Neefe,
George Sargent Perry,

Charles Edgar Zerby.

Eleven men composed the graduating class and the State is to be
congratulated in the addition of these men to its force of trained
foresters. The proportion of the class with high scholarship and at
the same time great proficiency in the practical end of the work was
probably higher than usual.

A tenth anniversary illustrated booklet was issued, fully setting-
forth the purpose of the school and describing its courses. As a result
of the issuing of this booklet, the applicants for entrance to the school
are increasing. This must further raise the standard of the entering
(lasses which has already been pronounced generally above that of
the average class entering our colleges.

Curriculum.

Few changes were made in the course of studies. A card system
of forest accounts is now being given in the book keeping course
along with the usual instruction in business forms and procedure
A series of instructional talks has been arranged for covering the
use of Department Forms and the making of the required foresters^
reports.

A copy of the 1913 curriculum is appended.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY,

Scholarship.

473

The new class of eleven men entering in September appears to have
had a fair preparation in the elementary and college preparatory
subjects. The proportion having had farm or forest training (while
larger than in the previous class) might be advantageously increased.

It was necessary to recommend the resignation of four men out of
the class of eight at the close of their first year's work. Three were
unable to pass their final examinations largely on account of de-
ficient preparatory work, and the fourth was entirely unable to at-
tain the forester's view point or gain satisfactory proficiency in the
{practical parts of the course.

LABOR OF STUDENTS OUTSIDE OF PURELY CLASS AND

INSTRUCTIONAL WORK.

*

1910

1911

1912

Tree planting,

Fire lighting

Nursery worlj

Improvement cutting

Road builfling,

Campus (Including garden and orcliard), ...
Work on U"e.serve Map (field and drafting),

Stock map,

Teloplione line,

Miscellaneous,!

Total,

1913

2,139
914
899
780
832
452

1,642

• r,io

1,181
1,049
1,015
1,9&4

4.152
2,003

2.287
902

4,,^S0 I
3.10G I
2,492 I

1.835
2,991

2,475

1.773

527
2,017

14,223

12,613

16,959

16,714

♦Report for 1910 not given by Items.

tincludes setting up and work on sawmill, cutting fire line, mounting specimens for school
collection, making charts for school, etc. ^ !"■ bluuim

In 1913, the labor performed is equal to 65 9-hour days per man
for each of 29 men. Of this K; days were tree planting, 8 days fire
fighting, 9 days nursery work, 4 days improvement cutting, 7 days
campus, 11 days reserve map, 2 days telephone line and 8 days mis-
cellaneous work. Some of the work, as improvement cutting, reserve
mapping and telephone construction was done entirely by one class
so that the days per man in the class on such work was probably three
times that given above and the training value correspondingly larger.

The Pennsylvania State Forest Academy has the finest location for
the study of forestry in the forest of any school in the country. It
must not be overlooked that this is a 48-week school year and that
the same amount of work is here covered in 3 years that is covered
in other schools in 4 years (36 weeks each). It is becoming well

ti

474

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

established and is furnishing the State with well-trained foresters.
It is doing original work. It would seem very desirable that the
United States Department of Agriculture should establish a system
< f Forest Experiment Stations throughout the country similar to
(he Agricultural Experiment Station System, where forest research
would be carried on in a much less desultory manner and with less
cliance of useless repetition. The Pennsylvania Forest Experiment
Station should be located on the Mont Alto State Forest. This is the
most advanced State Forest in point of development in Pennsyl-
vania and the educational value of such a station here would be of
^•reat importance to the school.

COURSE OF STUDIES AT THE ACADEMY.

FIRST YEAR.

First Term.

Hours.

Botany I, g

Physics, ^

English, g

Elementary Forestry, 5

Business Law and Bookkeeping, 3

German I, o

Chemistry I, ^

Second Term.

Botany II, ^

(Chemistry I, «

English, 2

Meteorology and Forest Influences, 4

German I, o

Trignometry, ^

Physics, 2

SUMMER TERM.
Nursery Practice, Improvement Cuttings, Botany III.

No. 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

SECOND YEAR.

First Term.

Dendrology, 5

Wood Technology and Tim-ber Physics, 5

Botany IV, 6

Chemistry II, 6

Geology, 4

Scientific German II, 3

Second Term.

Forest Utilization, 5

Silviculture, 6

Dendrology, 2

Zoology, 6

Soils, 5

Scientific German II, J^

Plant Chemistry, 2

SUMMER TERM.
Forest Mensuration.

THIRD YEAR.

First Term.

Forest Finance, 3

Forest Protection, (»

Surveying, 8

Forest Management, 3

Economics, General, 5

Second Term.

Forest Economics and Policy, 3

Surveying, 8

Roads, 2

Forest Management (Working Plan) , 4

Dendro-Pathology, 2

Mechanics — Toleplmne construction, etc, 1

Forest Entomology, 2

Forest History, 1

SUMMER TERM.
Topographic Surveying and Thesis.

475

M\

476

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

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o

OFFICIAL DOCUMENT.

No. 26.

INDEX

(488)

A.

Appropriations for Forest Fires

Area of State Forests,

Asaph Division

Associations , Protective:

Co-operation with ,

Discussion of,

Austin Division ,

Auxiliary Forest Reserves,

Laws ,

B.

Bald Eagle Forest, ^

Barree Division

Bear Meadows Division,

Bedford County Forest,

Black Forest,

Blackwells Division

Slate Run Division,

Waterville Division ,

Blackwells Division ,

Buchanan Forest

Buffalo Division ,

Bureaus of Department, ,

C.

Caledonia Division

Camping on State Forests

Central Penna. Protective Association , . .

Chambersburg Water Lease

Chatham Division ,

Chestnut Blight,

Childs, George W., Park

Clearfield Forest:

Clearfield Division

Karthaus Division

Penfield Division ,

Coburn Division

(489)

Page.

18
9

418

19
21
377
23
24

190
330
335
195
202
206
212
216
206
222
448
53

403

146

22

161
424
157
153

229
235
241
345

im

INDEX

Off. Do-.

Course of Studies. State Forest Academy .„.

Cronin, Thomas H., Co.. Lease. ^l;

Cross Fork Division . ^^

Cutting Timber. Rules for, ^'^?

63

District Forester Law,

Doclc, Miss Mira Lloyd, ^^

Dynamite Experiment, .. 31,155

157

E.

Educational Efforts

Examinations and Reports, ^^^

Elliott & Harris, .\ ^^

I>r. J. T. Rothrock, ^^

Williams ^'7

Wirt, .... 39

41

F.

Federal Refractories Lease

Financial Statement, ^^^

Fires: * 1^5

Discussion of,

Appropriations for , * * ^^

Co-operative Law , ^^

District Forester Law, [[[[ ^^

Loss for 1912 * * ^^

Loss for 1913 ^'^^

Fixed Charges on State Land, ....!...!......... ^^^

Foresters: -^37

List of

Living Conditions ^^'^^

Supplies Needed for .\\ ^^

Foresters' Maps ^^

Forest Inspector's Report, .. ^^^

41

a

Geological Reports of State Forests,

Graeffenburg Inn * ^^^

Grays Run Forest * ' * ^^"^^

Greenwood Division , . . . ^^^

359

H.

Hopkins Forest:

Renovo & Keating Divisions

Snow Shoe Division , ' . * * ^^'^

McElhattan Division ^^^

Hull Division 309

384

No. 23. INDEX. 491

J* Page.

Jacks Mountain Division , 357

K.

Karthaus Division , 235

Keating Division , 257 279

Kettle Creek Forest:

Cross Fork Division , 272

Leidy Division , 430

Kishacoquillas Division , 379

L.

Land Grant Applications , i^^

Land Purchases , 9

Leases , Permanent Camp , ; i^q

List of , J50

Leases , Department , i^g

Legal Affairs , -^^q

Leidy Division 43Q

Loyalsock Forest , 28I

M.

McCall Division , 453

McClure Forest , ^qq

McElhattan Division , 3Q9

Maps. ..'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.]'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 133

Foresters' , ^34

Medix Division 3^0

Minisink Forest:

Notch Division , 285

Pocono Division , 288

Promised Land Division , 297

Mont Alto Division ^^q

Municipal Forests 29

N.

Nittany Forest 3^3

Notch Division 285

Nurseries , gg

Mont Alto gg

Greenwood , nn

Asaph , rj^

Small, 70

Nursery Investigation , ^20

O.

Outing and Recreation " ^52

''' . INDEX. Off. Doc.

^- Page.

Penfield Division,

Pennypacker Forest, ^^^

Permanent Camp Leases, ^^^

Photographs indexed, ^^^

Pittsburgh Exposition: '. * ^^

Report upon,

Planting: 170

On State Forests, 1912,

On State Forests, 1913, ^^

Summary ^^

By Private Individuals, ^^^

Pocono Division, ^^^

Pocono Protective Fire Association ^^^

Poe Division , ' 22

Promised Land Division ^^^

Pymatuning Swamp Survey ^^^

' 175

Rangers:

New appointments ,

Resigned or died , .^ , ^^

Receipts from State Forests, ^^

Renovo Division , ' . _ ^^^

Rights of Way, 257

Roads on State Forests, ^^^

Road Charges on State Land, ^^

Rothrock Forest ^^'^

Rules for Cutting Timber ^23

' 63

S.

Sandusky Portland Cement Lease, ....

School Charges on State Land ' ' ^^^

Seedlings: 137

1913 Inventory of Nurseries

Planted on State Forests * ^^

Planted by Individuals, .... ^^

Seeds planted, ' _ 100

Seven Mountain Forest: W

Barree Division

Bear Meadows Division , ^^^

Poe Division , ^'^

Coburn Division ^^^

Greenwood Division 3^5

Jacks Mountain Division ^^^

Kishacoquillas Division, .......,, ^^'^

SInnemahoning Forest: ' 370

Austin Division,

Hull Division ^77

Medix Division ^^*

SInnemahoning Division , . ! ^^^

Sizerville Division , 395

399

No. 26.

INDEX.

493

Sizerville Division ,

Slate Run Division

South Mountain Forest:

Caledonia Division

Mont Alto Division , *

South Renovo Water Lease ,

State Forest Academy ,

State Forests:

Area of ,

Planting of Seedlings ,

Administration ,

Stock Survey , ^q^

Stone Forest:

Asaph Division ,

Chatham Division ,

Stuart Forest ,

Surveys ,

T.

Taxation of Forests

Tea Spring Division

Temporary Camping Permits , * ' *

Timber Sales ,

Cut, 1912,

Cut, 1913,

Topographic & Stock Survey,

Field Work

Elevations ,

Stock

Instruments ,

Notes ,

Account Charges ,

Seven Mountain State Forest,

Trough Creek Forest

U.

United Ice & Coal Lease,

W.

Waterville Division ,

Whetham Forest,

White Deer Forest:

Buffalo Division ,

McCall Division,

Tea Spring Division,

Y.

Young Woman's Creek Forest,

Page
399
212

403
410

160
468

9

86

190

, 111

418
424
415
132

22
458
146
129
478
482
106
108
111
111
113
113
116
117
435

164

216
489

44S

453
458

463

AUG I ^ MIS

END OF YEAR

Author: Pennsylvania Department of Forestry

Title: Report of the Department of Forestry of the State of
Pennsylvania for the years ..., 1914-1915

Place of Publication: Harrisburg, Pa.

Copyright Date: 1916

Master Negative Storage Number: MNS# PSt SNPaAg071 .3

FILMED WHOLE OR IN
PART FROM A COPY

BORROWED FROM:

University of Michigan

Commonwealth of Pennsylvania

REPORT

OF THE

•6^X^'

-' DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

OF THE

STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA

FOR THE

YEARS 1914-1915

FRANK D. JERALI), State Forostor,
.IiiiM' 14, 18S3— Xovemhor 12, 1914.

HARRISBURG, PA.:

WM. STAJ^LEY RAY. STATE PRINTER.

1916

OFFICIAL DOCUMENT,

No %

PENNSYLVANIA
DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

THE STATE FORESTRY RESERVATION COMMISSION

Robert S. Conklin, President, Columbia, Lancaster county.
S. B. Elliott, Reynoldsville, Jefferson county.
J. Linn Harris, Bellefonte, Centre county.
William P. Stevenson,* McVeytown, Mifflin county.
J. M. Hoffman,§ Johnstown, Cambria county.

OFFICE OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FORESTRY.

Commissioner of Forestry, Robert S. Conklin, Columbia, Lancaster county
Deputy Commissioner of Forestry, Irvin C. Williams, Esq., Royersford, Mont-

gomery county.
Clerk, A. Elwyn Strode, West Chester, Chester county.
Clerk, George W. Howard, Chester, Delaware county.

•Appointed February 6. 1914.
SAppointed May 20, 1915.

31064«

(1)

OFFICIAL DOCUMENT,

No. M.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

(2)

Page

. 1

Department Koster, ^

List of Illustrations, ** j

Letter of Transmittal, ^

Report of the Commissioner of Forestry, ^

Roster of Foresters, ^2

Roster of Forest Rangers, ^^^^

Foresters and Rangers, changes in, ^^

Forest Fires, ^^

Private forest fire protective associations, ^^

New Construction and Repairs,

Legislation, ^^

Legal Affairs, ^

Financial Statement,

State Forest Receipts,

Permanent Camp Leases,

Temporary Camping Permits, •

Foresters' Individual and Specific Reports, «

Summary of Data since the Establishment of State Forests, W

Forest Inspector's Report,

Fixed Charges on State Land,

Land Grant Applications,

^ 70

Department Leases,

Leases for the Occupancy of Buildings, ^^

Timber Sales, ^

Rights of Way, ^

Telephone Contracts,

Prior Subsisting Contracts,

Nursery Report,

Asaph, J23

Greenwood ,

Clearfield,

Penfield, .^g

Austin , . 2g

Bald Eagle,

Black Forest,

Buffalo, -^

Caledonia, .^

.Chatham, .^

Grays Run , ^^g

H"U, 129

Kettle Creek ,

Loyalsock ,

Lushbaugh,

Medix, jg^

Nittany,

Ole Bull,

(3)

S

CONTENTS.

No. 26.

OFFICIAL DOCUMENT,

No. 28.

Page

Penn, 131

Pine Grove, 131

Pocono, 131

Seven Mountain, 132

Sinnemahoning, 132

Snow Shoe, 132

Whetham , 132

White Deer, 133

Forest Nursery Tables, 13^

State Forest Planting, igy

State Forest Planting Tables, 1^6

Silviculture and Mensuration, Igg

Topographic and Stock Surveys, Igy

Barree Forest, Igg

Seven Mountain Forest, 190

Penn Forest, 190

Greenwood Forest, 191

Kishacoquillas Forest, 191

Jacks Mountain Forest, 191

Pennypacker Forest, 192

Topographic and Stock Surveys, Summary of Costs for Lines Run, 193

Surveys, I94.I96

Lightning in the State Forests, 200

Fought Fire and Forgot to Vote, 201

Telephone Poles of Glass, 202

Society of Eastern Foresters, Summer Meeting, 1915, 202

Frank D. Jerald, State Forester, 205

Testimonial Luncheon to Dr. J. T. Rothrock, 200

Summary of Forest Fires for 1914, 220

Timber Cut in Pennsylvania, 1914, 222

Timber Cut in Pennsylvania, 1915, 226

Value of Pennsylvania's Forest Products for 1915, 230

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Page

Frank D. Jerald, State Forester, Frontispiece

Chestnut Blight Map, ^*

Forest Ranger's Home, Lackawanna State Forest, 15

Observation Tower, Lackawanna State Forest, 15

Cabin on the Barree State Forest, ^6

Lifting Counting, and Bunching Seedlings for Shipment, Mont Alto Nur-

100

sery,

Spading Beds Preparatory to Sowing Seed , Mont Alto Nursery , IW

Seedlings Heeled in. Preparatory to Planting, 1<^1

Two Year Old European Larch, Clearfield Nursery, 1^1

Character of land to be planted on Caledonia State Forest in 1916, 156

White Pine planted on the Caledonia State Forest in 1906, 156

Character of growth on Pine Grove Forest Burned April 20, 1915, 156

White Pine Plantation, Mont Alto State Forest, 156

European Larch Plantation on the Stone State Forest, 1^

Norway Spruce and Bull Pine, Jacob Nolde Estate, 157

Japanese Larch, Jacob Nolde Estate, ^^

Scotch Pine, Jacob Nolde Estate,

Forester W.J. Bartschat with small folding sight compass running a second-

186
ary traverse, •

Topographer J. M. Houtz with light mountain transit running a primary

traverse,

Topography of the Jacks Mountain State Forest, 1*

Topographic survey crew running a primary traverse, 1^

Form for making concrete compartment corner posts, 1°^

Concrete Corner Posts,

Compartment line crossing Round Top Mountain, 1^

Beds of two year old white pine seedlings, Asaph Nursery, 1^2

Two Year Old White Pine planted in permanent plantation when one year

192
old, Buchanan Forest,

Permanent Sample plot established in second growth hardwoods, Barree

193
State Forest,

Establishing a permanent sample plot, Barree State Forest, ^

The Society of Eastern Foresters at Mont Alto, -^ ^^

(6)

OFFICIAL DOCUMENT,

No. 26.

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.

HON. MAKTIN G. BRUMBAUGH, Governor:

Sir: I have the honor to present herewith the report of the De-
partment of Forestry for the years 1914 and 1915. I desire to call
attention particularly to the amount of development work which
has been put upon the State Forests during the two years covered
by this report, and to suggest that the usefulness of the forest and
its power to return revenue is and will in the near future be directly
proportionate to the amount of development which may be under-
taken and completed. Could the forests all be developed equally
and in a limited time, we feel that the response to such effort would
be greatly worth while and would result in rapidly increasing the
size of the State School Fund, into which all revenue from State
Forests is paid according to law.
I am, indeed.

Most respectfully yours,

KOBERT S. CONKLIN,
Commissioner of Forestry.
Harrisburg, Pa., December' 31, 1915.

(6)

(7)

OFFICIAL DOCUMENT,

No. 26.

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA.

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FORESTRY FOR THE

YEARS 1914-15.

On January 1, 1914, the area of the State Forests was 994,029
acres, 20.85 perches. During 1914 there was an addition made
amounting to 8,939 acres, 104.9 perches. During the year 1915 an
addition of 3,922 acres, 129 perches, was made, thus bringing the
area of the State Forests on January 1, 1916, to 1,006,891 acres,

94.75 perches.

No new state forests were created during the period covered by
this report. Purchases made were additions to existing forests.
The State lands are, therefore, located in the same 26 counties as

formerly.

A detailed statement of the purchases covering the years 1914 and

1915, is as follows:

1914.
Grantor.

A. D. UpdegraCf

Larkuwanna Lumber Co.,

Sylvania E. Smith

Josephine E. Allen,

Jacob O'Donnell

Wm. H. Ellis and J. H. Bailey

Merchants Union Trust Co

GcorRe S. Parsons '•':"^"-^'\y

Michael Wolf, Tacle E. Wolf and Tacle B Wolf,

guardian for Rowland H. Wolf,

Vacant,

County.

91

a>

00

A

«f

o

u

u

CI

«

'>

(14

Lycoming,

Potter,

X Grry ( •••••••••••

Lycoming,

Perry,

Lycoming,

Pike

Lycoming

Lycoming

Centre

Total

102
6

8,939

4J

a
o

a

o

2.572

11

3,696

81

72

35

114

30

24

103

396

80

830

144

1,123

132

39
89.9

$3,858 10

7,393,01

234 71

285 46

123 22

991 25

3,323 60

3,090 52

332 29

104.9 119,632 16

(8)'

(»)

10

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

No. 26

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

11

1916.
Grantor.

County.

1

a

^

a>

CD

43

<V

o

t-l

u

o

V

^

04

o

a

o

Dr. Oliver W. H. Glover and D, R. Pursley,

R. L. Leinbach.

Hayes Parson,

F. B. Baldwin

Fred Gebhardt

H. Russell Hill

William J. Kopp "

Union,

Clinton, ...
Fluntingdon,

Potter

Pike

Lycoming, .
Clearfield, .

Total,

3,922

328

129

1.842-

14

68

1,453

90

79

150

54

138

95

88

11.644 03
1,558 .T
170 00
4,360 68
159 88
164 59
238 88

129 $8,296 81

A small additional area is under contract, about sufficient to
require the balance of the appropriation made at the session of 1915.

It is estimated that at least 8,000,000 acres of the total area of
the State consists of land not well suited for anything else but the
growing of trees. With a little more than 1,000,000 acres in State
ownership, it becomes obvious at once that an area of about 7,000,000
acres still in private ownership is being indifferently cared for and
probably will not receive the development it should have in order
to bring it up to its producing capacity. The State should, there-
fore, increase its holdings. From the experience gained as Com-
missioner during a period of more than ten years, I am convinced
that the State ultimately ought to own not less than 5,000,000 acres
in State Forests, and that the holding should be extended into
counties where there are none at present. In my former report it
was suggested that at least 22 more counties should appear in the
list as containing State Forests. For the sake of the collateral
things for which State Forests are valuable, we believe their acqui-
sition at this time to be distinct economy, and their gradual develop-
ment under State protection would be of value today, even though
that development proceed slowly. Forest areas in State ownership
receive better attention than similar land in private ownership. The
welfare of the State demands that as much as possible of our wild
and abandoned land be brought back to a productive condition, the
sooner the better.

PENNSYLVANIA FOREST SERVICE.

On September 1, 1914, ten graduates from the State Forest Acad-
emy were added to the service as Forest Rangers, and on June 1,
1915, were promoted to be full foresters. On September 1, 1915,
four graduates of the Academy were added to the service as foresters.
These students completed their three-year courses and were assigned
to work by the Department. The roster of the foresters on December
31, 1915, was as follows:

Forester.

State Forest.

Avery, John B.,

Baer. Chas. B

Barnes. L. G.,

Bartschat, W. J

Bastian, John A

Bearer, V. M.,

Biotsch, Tom 0

Bodine, A. W.,

Bryner, H. E

Byers. Wm. L..

Conklin. Robert Q., .
Conklin. W. Gard., .

Critc-hley. H. F

Dague, Wm. F.,

Dutlinger. F. H

Elliott, Harry E

Eraerick. R. Lynn, ..

Evans. H. C,

Evans, W. B

Fawley, Russell

Fox, P. Hartman, ...

Golden, Thomas H.,

Harbeson, Thos. C,

HoKentogler, J. R.. .

Horning, W. Harold.

Houpt. W. Elmer, ..,

Houtz, Jesse M

Illirk. Jos. S

Keller. John W., ..

Minisink

Office

Nittany

Jacks Mountain.

Loyalsock

Stuart

Greenwood

Rothrock

Pennypacker,

Bedford

Caledonia

Office

Young Womans Creek,

Clearfield,

Hopkins

Sinnemahoning,

Coudersport,

Pine

Pizervllle,

Klshacoquillas,

Austin

Ole Bull

Cliatham,

McElhattan

Lushbaugh,

Brumbaugh

Jacks Mountain,

Mont Alto

Blackwells.

Penfleld.

Kirk, Carl L

Leach, Walter I Pennypacker. .

Ludwig. Walter D Bear Meadows.

McCool, B. B Caledonia

McNaughton, N. R 1 Karthaus,

McN'eal, James B

Meek. Chas. R

Motzger. Homer S

Montgomery, W. B

Morgan, H. H..

Morton, T. Roy

Mulford. Paul H

Muller. Max E

Mumma. Walter M., ,

Mustin. Maurice, | Office.

Noefe. Robert R Black Forest.

Perry. George S Hull.

Reading.

Pcnn

Tea Spring. ...
Seven Mountain.

Office

Barree

Stone,

Kettle Creek. ..
Office

Pine Grove.
Mont Alto,

Office

Buchanan,
Whetham,

Powers, Jas, E.
Retan, Geo. A., ....
Rowland, H. B., Jr.

RiiDP. Alfred B

R.von. J. B

Sheeler, Geo. W., ! Snow Shoe.

Stnddon, Robert W Promised Land.

Silvlus, A. C Buffalo

Smith. Edgar H 1 Bald Eagle, ...

Slgglns, H. W ; Office

Btaley, Lewis B I Mont Alto

Address.

Notch.
Harrisburg.
Centre Hall.
Troxelville.
Loyalsock.

Ligonier. ^ .^ ^t «

McAlevysfort, R. D, No. 1.

Moimt Union, R. D. No. 1.

New Germantown.

Rainsburg.

Fayette vllle.

Harrisburg.

North Bend.

Clearfield.

Westiwrt.

Sinnemahoning.

Coudersport.

Waterville.

Sizerville.

Milroy.

Austin.

Crossfork.

Little Marsh.

Loganton. R. D. No. 2.

Sinnemahoning.

Aitch.

Troxelville.

Mont Alto.

Lloyd.

Penfleld.

New Germantown.

Boalsburg.

Shippensburg.

Karthaus.

Reading.

Coburn.

Loganton. R. D. No. 1.

Spring Mills, R. D. No. I.

Harrlsburf.

Petersburg.

Asaph.

Hammersley Fork.

Harrisburg.

Harrisburg.

Slate Run.

Conrad.

Pine Grove Furnace.

Mont Alto.

Harrisburg.

Fort Loudon.

Glen Union.

Snow Shoe.

Canadensis, R. D.

Laurelton.

Bllmsport.

Harrisburg.

Mont Alto.

12

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

Forester.

State Forest.

Address.

Strobeck . John L

Pocono

Analomink, R. D.

VanHorn H. C

New Bergen

Carter Camp.
Milroy.

Warfleld D. K

Kishacoquillas,

WpIIs Arthur B

Grays Run

Fields Station

Williams John R

Pine Grove

Pine Grove Furnace.

Winter, R. B

Wirt. George H

Withprow John L

White Deer

Office

McClure,

Mifflinburg, R. D. No. 2.

Harrisburg.

Bast Waterford.

Woof, Chas. B

Zprhv r^has B

Greenwood

McAlevvsfort. R. D. No. 1.

Medix

Medix Run.

Zipelpr B A

Mont Alto,

Mont Alto.

The roster of the Forest Rangers on the above date was as follows :

Ranger.

Albert, Stewart

Amig. J. W

Armstrong, G. W

Ayers, A. W.,

Bailey, C. M

Barndt, W. R

Barr, Merritt,

Benson, Daniel

Boop, Howard J.,

Bricker, John

Brooks. M. N. U. L.,

Buck, William

Campbell, O. M

Carbaugh, Jas. B., —

Carlin, J. V

Chandlee, Frank

Crum, R. M.,

Dean, H. J

Deter. G. C

Bttinger. Wm. H

Fish, M. L

Fourness, M. A

Frank, Ferdinand

Harbeson, D. R

Harpster, W. H.,

Hnrt, Herman N.,

Hassler, B. F.,

Hatton. Wm. K

Huff, Wm. C

Hemmerly, Chas

Jenckes, E. N

Johnston, Frank,

Kamp, Adam

KaufTman, W. Tj

Keeney, Milton,

Koontz, Leroy

Lebo, Samuel

Leonard, Chas. E

Lewis, Leon F

Libby, David

Lightner, S. H

Lipp, Geo. M

Manley. Joseph

Maurer, Wm. C

McElwee. James

McCoy. R. B.,

McKinney, Wm. F., ..

Meredith. D. K

Merrill. R. K

Middleswarth, C. J., .

Monsell, John

Motz, Carl

Nelson, John

Olson. Henry M

Oppel, Herman A., ..

Perry, Harry B.,

Pldcoe. G. H

Reitz, Robert, ,

Rellihan, John,

Riviere, B. T ,

Post Office.

Cresco

Richfield

Westport,

Costello

Sinnemahoning

Somerset, No. 3

Karthaus,

McAlevysfort,

McAlevysfort

Mont Alto,

Driftwood

Odessa

Cammal,

Fayetteville

Metal

Slate Run

Sinnemahoning

Milroy, No. 1

Graysville,

Troxelville

Lloyd

Coudersport, No. 6, ...

Edgemere

White Deer

Charter Oak,

New Germantown

Fayetteville

Lords Valley

Westport

North Bend

Asa pn ,

Penfleld

Lock Haven

Thornhurst

Cross Fork

New Germantown

Lucullus

Fayetteville

Gaines

Weikert

Cottage

MontoursviUe

Montgomery, No. 2, ...

Troxelville

Orrtanna, No. 2

McVeytown

Spring Mills

Doylesburg

Glen ITnion,

Troxelville

Reedsville, No. 1

Woodward

Clearfield

Cross Fork ^...

Wlstie

Fayetteville, ..

WllliamspD't

Boalsburg,

Lock Haven

Milford

Forest.

Pocono

Shade Mt.,

Hopkins,

Hull

Sinnemahoning

Stuart,

Karthaus

Greenwood ,

Greenwood

Mont Alto

Medix

Karthaus

Pine,

Caledonia

Buchanan,

Black

Sinnemahoning,

Kishacoquillas

Barree

Jacks Mountain

Blackwells

Austin,

Minisink,

Tea Springs,

Bear Meadows

Pennypacker

Caledonia

Minisink,

Hopkins

Young Womans Creek,

Stone

Penfleld

McElhattan

Lackawanna,

Ole Bull

Pennypacker

Pine

Caledonia

Stone,

X "Ullf •••••••••••••••••■•«

''ilKl^^t ••■•••••••■■••••••

Loyalsock, ...»

Bald Eagle

Jacks Mountain

Caledonia,

Rothrock

Seven Mountain

Pennypacker

Whetliam

Jacks Mountain

Greenwood,

Buffalo

Clearfield,

Ole Bull

Rothrock

Caledonia,

I.oyalsock

Bear Meadows,

Crawford

Westfall

Forester.

o
55

n

strobeck.

Dutlinger

Perry,

Elliott

Bearer

McNaughton, ; 207

Bietsch 152

127
109
101
205
208
174

Bietsch,

Staley

Zerby, ,

McNaughton.
Evans, H. C.

Conklin

Riipp,

Neefe,

Elliott

Warfield

Morton,

Bartschat, ...

Keller,

Fox

Avery

Metzger

Ludwig

Bryner,

Conklin,

Avery,

Dutlinger, ...
Critchley, ...

Mulford,

Kirk

Hogentogler,

Golden, ..
Bryner,
Evans, H.

C.

122
113
149
196
175
108
142
105
120
1«7
102
153
214
147
126
140
118
124
104
181
161
162
156
123
128
137
168
141
160

Conklin, ! 212

Mulford,

Meek,

Morton, ..
Bastian, .
Smith, ...
Bartschat,
Conklin, .
Bodine. ..
Montgomery,

213
133
108
150
172
182
211
107
166

Bryner 143

Ryon,
Bartschat,
Bietsch, .
Silvius, ..
Dague, ...
Golden, ..
Bodine, ..
Conklin, .
Bastinn, .
Ludwig, .
Ryon

186
154
144
178
159
187
161
169
114
138
202
14S

No. 2t.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY,

13

Ranger.

Post Office.

Roadarmel, S. M.,

Rogers, L. W

iRoss, G. Edw

Schwab, Robert,

Seese, H. P

Shaffer, John S.,

Shoemaker, A. L

Smith, J. F.,

Smith, Edw. H

Staley, Harry

Stover, L. M

StuU. Henry L

Sundy, F. P

Swartz, C. A

Swartzell, T. L

Thomas, H. L

Van Cleve, Harry

Wheeler, Jerome J., ...

Will. C. D

Wilson, Edgar

Winkebleck. John,

Wirth, Wm

Woodside, Sam T

Wykoff, L. C

Welshans, J. W.,

Mifflinburg, No. 2, ...

Waterville

McAlevysfort,

Leetonia • ..

Renovo

Mont Alto, ...

Beech Creek

Chambersburg, No. 4,

Ra4nsburg,

Mont AltD

Livonia

Fayetteville,

McCrea,

Sterling Run,

Milroy, R. D

Mont Alto

Cross Fork,

Wellsboro

Slate Run

Canadensis, No. 1, ..

Beech Creek, .

Milroy

Black Log,

Firstfok,

Loganton,

Forest.

White Deer

Pine

Greenwood

Blackwells

Hopkins

Mont Alto

Snow Shoe,

Buchanan,

Bedford

Mont Alto

White Deer, ...

Caledonia

Pennypacker, ..,

Lushbaugh

Kishacoquillas,
Mont Alto, .. .
New Bergen, ..

Chatham,

Black

Promised Land,

Snow Shoe

Kishacoquillas,

Rothrock,

Lushbaugh

Tea Springs. ...

Forester.

e
«

Ml

Winter

Evans, H. C,

Bietsch,

Keller

Dutlinger, . . .

Staley

Sheeler

Rupp

Byers

Staley

Winter,

Conklin

Bryner,

Horning. ...
Warfield, ...

Staley

VanHorn, . . .
Harbeson, ...

Neefe

Stadden, . . . .

Sheeler,

Warfleld, ...

Bodine

Horning, ...
Metzger, ...

183

199

116

171

125

117

106

165

203

179

180

185

129

194

132

134

188

215

200

111

192

121

206

131

201

Changes in the service during the two years covered by this re-
port, were as follows :

FORESTERS APPOINTED.

Name.

R. Lynn Emerick,

V. M. Bearer,

H. F. Critchley, ...

Jesse M. Houtz

W. E. Montgomery,

Max E. Muller

Robert R. Neefe, ...

Geo. S. Perry

Chas. B. Zerby

Thos. H. Golden, ..

B. B. McCool

L. G. Barnes,

W. J. Bartschat, ..
Russell Fawley. ...
Thos. C. Harbeson,

W. H. Horning

Walter Leach

Howard Siggins, ...
R. W. Stadden, ...
H. C. VanHorn, ...
Chas. E. Zerby, ..

Chas. B. Baer

H. H. Morgan

James E. Powers, ..
H. B. Rowland, Jr
George H. Wirt, ..

H. W. Siggins

James B. McNeal, .
Walter D. Ludwig,

••••••••<

Forest.

Date.

District Forester

Stuart,

Young Womans Creek,

Nittany

Seven Mountain,

Kettle Creek

Hlack,

Hull,

Medix,

Ole Bull

Caledonia

Nittany,

October 1, 1914.

June 1, 1915.

June 1. 1915.

June 1, 1915.

June 1, 1915.

June 1, 1915.

June 1, 1915.

•June 1, 1915.

June 1, 1915.

June 1, 1915.

June 1, 1915.

June 1, 1915.

Jacks Mountain June 1, 1915

Kishacoquillas,

Chatham

Lushbaugh

Pennypacker ■

Seven Mountain,

Promised Land,

New Bergen,

Greenwood

Office,

Office

Pine Grove

Office

Chief Forest Fire Warden,

Clerk ,

District Forester

District Forester

June 1, 1915.
June 1, 1915.
June 1, 1915.
June 1, 1915.
June 1, 1915.
June 1, 1915.
June 1. 1915.
June 1, 1915.
September 1, 1915.
September 1, 1915.
September 1, 1915.
September 1, 1915.
September 1, 1915.
September 1. 1915.
October 1, 1915.
October 1, 1915.

14

REPORT OF THE
RANGERS APPOINTED.

Off. Doc.

Name.

Harry B. Perry, ....

Henry L. StuU

Chas. B. Leonard, ..

John Bricker,

John Shaffer ,

Harry L. Thomas, . .
Harry W. Staley. ...
Charles Hemmerly, ,
J, W. Welshans, ....
Leonard G. Barnes,*
H. W. SifTBina,* ....
Russell Fawley,* ...
W. H. Horning,* ....

Walter Leach,* ,

R. W. Stadden.* ....
W. J. Bartschat,* ..,
H. C, VanHorn.* ...,
Thos. C. Harbeson,*

Chas. B. Woof,*

Chandlee. Frank, ....

Wheeler. J. J

Benson. Daniel,

Caledonia

Caledonia

Caledonia

Mont Alto

Mont Alto.

Mont Alto

Mont Alto ,

Young Womans Creek,

Tea Springs

Nittany

Seven Mountains. ...

Kishacoqnillas

Lushbaugh

Bear Meadows.

Office

Jacks Mountain

New Bergen. ,

Chatham

Greenwood

Black ,

Chatham

Greenwood.

Date.

April 1. 1914.
April 1, 1914.
April 1, 1914.
April 1, 1914.
April 1, 1914.
April i, 1914.
April 1. 1914.
April 1. 1914.
August 1, 1914.
September 1, 1914.
September 1, 1914.
Sei)tember 1, 1914.
September 1, 1914.
Sei)tember 1, 1914.
September 1. 1914.
September 1, 1914.
Seiitember 1, 1914.
September 1. 1914.
September 1, 1914.
April 15. 1915.
May 1, 1915.
October 1, 1915.

•Promoted to Forester June 1, 1915.

Deaths and Resignations.

Name.

Date.

F. D. Jerald, Forester

John R. Blder, Forester

Wm. S. McCoy. Forest Ranger, ...

T. J. Temple. Forest Ranger

Harry H. Kiel, Forest Ranger

David Knepper, Forest Ranger, ...

S. L. Mull. Forest Ranger

Henry C. Cox. Forest Ranger, ...

C. B. Love. Forest Ranger

Frank A. Gibboney, Forest Ranger,
Wm. G. Taylor, Forest Ranger. ...
S. T. Woodside. Forest Ranger, ...
T. L. Swartzell, Forest Ranger. ...
Stewart Albert, Forest Ranger, ...

Shot November 12, 1914.

Died ' January 22, 1915.

April 30, 1914.

July 4, 1914.

August 1, 1914.

September 1, 1914.

December 5. 1914.

April 10. 1915.

April 18, 1915.

Resigned,

Died

Dismissed,
Resigned,

Died

Died

Resigned,

Dismissed \ July 15, 1915

Died ' September 7. 1915

Resigned } November 10. 1915

Dismissed ' December 1, 1915

Dismissed December 31, 1915,

FOREST FIRES.

In 1914 and 1915, forest fires, as reported by fire wardens, were
responsible for an immediate loss amounting to over $1,500,000. In
1914, the exact figures reported were |704,996; in 1915, $850,777.
In 1914, the weather was not favorable for forest fires during the
first half of the year, but during the last half of the year everything
was very dry, especially during October and November, and during
those two months alone 727 fires were reported. The total number

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

15

Forest Ranger's Home. Lackawanna State Forest.

Observation Tower, Lackawanna State Forest. Radius 15 miles. Elevation 2 200

feet. Commands 700 square miles. rai^vauou z,^w

of fires reported during 1914 were 1,159, burning over an area aver-
aging 321 acres per fire. There were 20,278 acres of State land
burned over, and 351*996 acres of private land. The total cost of
extinction in 1914 was |30,987.70, and during the year there was
spent $1,535.49 for patrolmen, making a total expenditure of $32,-
523.19. The average cost of extinction per fire was |26.74. The
average loss per fire was f G08.28 or f 1.89 per acre.

A synopsis of the causes of fires in 1914 shows that 674 of the
fires were reported as unknown; 222 as having been caused by
railroad engines; 89 as of incendiary origin; hunters and fishermen
were responsible for 70; brush burning and clearing land for 57;
and other numerous causes for the remainder.

In 1915 there were 41,963 acres of State land burned over and
294,672 acres of private land. The total cost of extinction in this
year, including patrol service, was |28,078.16. Of this amount,
11,072.00 were spent for patrol. The average cost for extinction per
fire was f24.43. The average loss per fire was |772.73, or an aver-
age of |2.53 per acre.

A synopsis of the causes of fires in 1915 shows that out of a total
of 1,101 fires, 382 were unknown; 274 were caused by railroads; 120
were incendiary; 105 were due to brush burning; 136 by campers;
28 by lumbering; 19 by lightning, and 37 to miscellaneous causes.

During the year 1915 the greatest number of fires occurred in
April when everything was extremely dry and the weather was very
favorable for fires. Although the remainder of the year appeared to
be unfavorable for fires, yet in November we had reported 119. The
fires of 1915 were classified according to acreage burned over. It
was found that 78 fires burned a thousand acres or more per fire,
and these 78 fires burned over a total of 200,000 acres, which is more
than two-thirds of the area burned over by all the fires. By far the
greatest number, namely 639, burned less than 100 acres per fire.
Only 61 burned less than one acre each. By careful tabulation of the
reports concerning forest fires, those portions of the State where
we are most likely to have forest fire troubles, will be discovered.
With this information available it will be possible to strengthen pro-
tective measures at the required points and thus reduce both the
number of fires and the loss.

In addition to the forest fires with which the Department must
contend, there is always present the fire hazard with respect to all
the buildings owned or occupied by the Department. On the 27th
day of May, 1915, the forester's house at Eastville in the Tea Spring
Forest, occupied by Homer S. Metzger, was burned, together with all
its contents. The building was insuied for $2,000. The insurance
was collected by the Department of Buildings and Grounds and the

2

16

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

coDstruction of a new house was begun. This building is now in
course of erection. It will be occupied by the forester when com-
pleted.

On the 3rd day of October, 1915, the store property which had been
practically rebuilt by Charles H. Cobean at Pine Grove Furnace,
was destroyed by fire. Its origin is believed to have been incendiary.
Mr. Cobean lost his stock and the Department the building. This
building has not been replaced.

In the great forest fire which devastated the Pine Grove Forest
in March, 1915, the house occupied by Oscar Barbour together with
the barn and outbuildings, and tlie house occupied by Joseph Fuller,
both located near Laurel, were completely destroyed, with their
contents.

PRIVATE FOREST FIRE PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATIONS.

No new organizations of this kind were made during the years
1914-15, but the two already in existence, to wit, the Pocono Pro-
tective Fire Association and the Central Pennsylvania Forest Fire
Protective Association, continued their operations with success.
The Department of Forestry co-operated with them under the au-
thority provided by law. The reports of the respective associations
in condensed form, are as follows:

Pocono. lOlJf. 1915.

Amount of money collected by the Association, $368 61 $572 31

Amount of money expended by the Department of Forestry under

the cooperative agreement, $285 58 $640 76

Number of different patrolmen employed during the two year »

period, 6 6

Number of acres protected, 398,700 398,700

Number of fires reported as coming under the observation of the

Association , jg 40

Total area burned, 5,350 13,055

Number of members in the Association, 109 212

Central Pennsylvania.

Amount of money collected by the Association , $584 67 $309 28

Amount of money expended by the Department of Forestry under

the cooperative agreement, $1,039 00 $272 35

Number of different patrolmen employed during the two year

period, 29 11

Number of acres protected, 300,000 300,000

Number of fires reported as coming under the observation of the

Association , 115 47

Total area burned, 10,946 15,433

Number of members in the Association, 29 82

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

17

NEW CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIRS.

Repairs are regularly made to all buildings upon State Forest
lands. With the purchase of the Pine Grove forest, the Department
acquired 32 different buildings, together with stables, barns, out
houses, etc., in considerable number. Many which were old and
dilapidated were removed and the good material from them taken to
repair the better buildings. The forester's house, the Barbour house,
the house occupied by the teamster, were thoroughly overhauled and
repaired. The old brick-making plant was converted into a barn
and is now in service.

New houses for the use of foresters and rangers must be built
from time to time. A new forest headquarters was constructed in
the Rothrock Forest near Newton Hamilton and is now occupied by
Forester A. W. Bodine in charge of that region. The house is built
of stone and is of substantial construction.

A new house was built at Pond Bank in the Mont Alto forest for
the occupancy of one of the rangers. It occupies a better site than
the old dwelling. The house is of wood, well painted, well built,
and of satisfactory appearance.

A new house was built for a ranger at Willow Grove on the Cale-
donia Forest, east of the headquarters. ^ ranger was needed at
the eastern end and no available house was at hand. The house is
of wood and substantial in character.

The rebuilding of the house at Eastville for Forester Metzger has
been mentioned. All the above buildings are on State land.

LEGISLATION.

At the session of the Legislature which convened in January, 1915,

the Department procured legislation relating to :

The acquisition of lands for State Forests from County Commis-
sioners by act of April 21, 1915, P. L. 140.

Authorizing the Department to grow and distribute free of charge,
young forest trees, by act of 21st April, 1915, P. L. 155.

Extending the powers and duties of foresters and forest rangers
with respect to the enforcement of the game and fish laws, by act
of 21st April, 1915, P. L. 156.
2—26—1916

18

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

To enlarge the purchase price from |5.00 to $10.00 per acre for lands
to be purchased for State Forests, by act of 14th May. 1915 P
L. 481. ^y y '

Establishing a Bureau of Forest Protection within the Department,

by act of June 3, 1915, P. L. 797.
Amending the act relating to co-operative agreements with local

forest fire protective associations, extending the powers of the

Department thereunder, by act of 4th June, 1915, P. L. 815.
Enlarging the powers of the Department in granting rights of way

through State Forests, by act of 4th June, 1915, P. L. 816.

In addition to the foregoing legislation, amendments were obtained
to sections 2701 and 2702 of the act of May 18, 1911, P. L. 309, com-
monly known as the S\ihool Code, by the act of June 4, 1915, P. L.
825. The Code originally provided that 80 per cent, of the net re-
ceipts derived from State Forests should be paid into the State
School Fund. The Department was never able to learn why this
limit was fixed at 80 per cent, nor why it should be limited to the
net proceeds from the State Forests. While there is a continuous
income from the State Forests, at this time it cannot in any sense
be regarded as net proceeds, because the cost of administration is at
present greater than the income. Consequently nothing could have
been paid into the School Fund for some time to come, or until the
returns exceeded the expenditures. This Department has always
felt that inasmuch as the income from the forests cannot be used
without specific appropriation by the legislature from time to time,
it is useless to attempt to accumulate a fund in the treasury for
forest purposes. The Department might just as well depend upon
direct appropriations at each biennial session for its whole main-
tenance, because this will greatly simplify matters and not compli-
cate the treasury bookkeeping. Accordingly, on the suggestion of
the Department of Forestry, the State Board of Education prepared
bills in the form of amendments to the above named sections of the
School Code, and these were finally approved by the Governor.

Among the most notable of the foregoing acts is the forest protec-
tion code, which seeks to consolidate the law relating to the protec-
tion of forests, both in public and private ownership. Since the
chief damage to forests is wrought by fire, the protection code nat-
urally in large part relates to fire damage. It revises the system of
forest fire wardens, provides for district fire wardens, and is put
into charge of an officer of the Department who is known as the
Chief Forest Fire Warden. On September 1, 1915, Mr. George H.
Wirt, formerly Forest Inspector and Director of the Forest Academy
at Mont Alto, was designated Chief Forest Fire Warden, and as-
sumed the duties of his office on that date. Mr. H. W. Siggins, one
of the State Foresters of the class of 1914, was appointed clerk in
this Bureau.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

The report of operations of the Forest Protection Bureau since its
formation, to the end of 1915, and a general consideration of the
forest fire situation in the State, together with a list of the present
forest fire wardens, are contained in the separate report of the Chief
of the Bureau, which may be had upon application to the Depart-
ment. It is not included herein because of its length. A summary
of the data derived respecting forest fires in the State during the
period covered by this report, is to be found at page 14.

LEGAL AFFAIRS.

A report on forest fire and the legal action necessary to enforce
the law in cases where it was possible to procure evidence to begin
action appears elsewhere.

On March 24, 1914, James G. Hailstone, of Moosic, Lackawanna
county, paid the Department |20.00 for Christmas trees cut within
the Lackawanna State Forest. The defendant claimed that the
trees were mistakenly and erroneously cut, believing that he was on
the land of another, from whom he had received permission to make
cuttings. In satisfaction of the damage done, the above amount was
paid in settlement to the Department and by it deposited with the
State Treasurer.

For a long time a dispute existed between the Department and
the Patterson Heirs with respect to the boundary line between their
respective lands in Lack township, Juniata county. The subject
became such a matter of controversy that in order to enforce the De-
partment's rights and prevent illegal cutting upon land claimed to
be State property, an action in ejectment was begun in the courts of
Juniata county to determine finally the rights of the parties and
fix their respective boundaries.

The case was placed upon the trial list at several terms of court,
but for one cause "or another it was postponed until the early part of
1915, when the Patterson Heirs through their counsel consented to a
compromise arrangement by means of which the rights of all parties
would be equally well determined. An agreement was accordingly
entered into, being in the nature of a conveyance of the rights claimed
by the Pattersons in part, and entered among the records of Juniata
county. The compromise line has since been carefully marked upon
the ground and it is expected no further difficulty from this cause
will arise.

20

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

21

Among the lands purchased by the Department in Bratton town-
ship, Mifflin county, is the James Smith tract of 400 acres, 48 perches.
Through a letter from counsel representing H. R. Hatfield, dated
June 17, 1915, the Department was advised of a claim to this tract
made by Hatfield. The ultimate question of ownership will be
determined by the validity of certain tax sales, the title to the Com-
monwealth at the time of purchase having been decided good under
the tax sales in question. The meagerness of the earlier records of
Mifflin county is responsible for the raising of this difficulty, just
as similar title difficulties are raised in other counties through the
imperfections and other faults relating to title records.

The facts in the above case, with notice of claim, and a copy of
the Commonwealth's brief of title, were referred to the Attorney
General July 1, 1915, and the matter is at present in that office
awaiting disposition.

The case of Commonwealth vs. T. W. Lauver, of Mifflin county,
was simply referred to in the last report. Since then this case, which
was an action in trespass with an accompanying writ of estrepement,
was so proceeded in that a verdict was obtained against the defend-
ant in the sum of $48.00 with costs. The court discharged a rule
for a new trial and on motion of Commonwealth's counsel, the
amount of the verdict was doubled in accordance with the act of
Assembly. A judgment in the sum of $96.00 and costs was accord-
ingly entered in 1915 against Mr. Lauver. At the close of the period
covered by this report, the Commonwealth is awaiting the expira-
tion of the six months in which the defendant is allowed to take an
appeal to the Superior Court.

In the course of the survey of the Hull Forest, it was discovered
that a tract of 69.1 acres in warrants 2189 and 2190 had been erro-
neously conveyed a second time by the Commonwealth's grantors
to one F. A. Bonawitz» and before the error was discovered Mr.
Bonawitz had cut a considerable quantity of timber from this tract.
The question of damages and proper compensation were then taken
up with the Commonwealth's grantors, Messrs. Thomas Cobb et al.,
in an endeavor to procure a proper settlement. The grantors ad-
mitted the double grant and assumed liability for all damages.
Upon estimate being made thereof, it was agreed between the De-
partment and the grantors' legal representative that the damage
should be settled for in the sum of |1 55.00, which amount was ac-
cordingly paid August 23, 1915, and de^positjed with the State
Treasurer.

On April 19, 1915, Forester H. C. Evans requested George Smith
of Jersey Mills to assist him in the extinction of a forest fire. Smith
not only had no reasonable excuse to refuse, but directly and point-
edly refused to go or to render any assistance. Feeling that it was

necessary to enforce the law in this case respecting forced assis-
tance, the Department brought an action against Smith. The case
was heard before Alderman Rianhard of Williamsport. The defend-
ant at first entered the plea of not guilty, but finally concluded to
change his plea to one of guilty and submit himself to the mercy of the
alderman. The purpose of the Department here was not to show
vindictiveness, but to teach the defendant and others of his kind
that the law was made to be obeyed. The alderman accordingly im-
posed upon him a fine of $1.00 and costs, amounting in the aggregate
to $16.67, which was paid by the defendant most gladly. The effect
of this prosecution has been salutary and the probabilities are that
there will be less resistance to the reasonable calls of the forest of-
ficers in the Pine Creek region.

On April 8, 1915, Herman McFerren, a young man from Tomstown,
Franklin county, was arrested on a charge of firing the woods. At a
hearing before a justice of the peace in Chambersburg on April 13th,
the defendant was held to bail for trial in court and the case was
heard before a jury April 29th. The evidence introduced by the
Commonwealth to sustain the charge against the defendant was of
ample quality to insure conviction, but the jury acquitted the de-
fendant without any other than a sympathetic reason for doing so.
It is quite probable that this defendant is sub-normal both mentally
and physically. That his predilection runs to fire was abundantly
proved, and the fact is well known that his presence in any locality
apart from close restraint is a menace to the community. If this
boy had been convicted as he should have been, the court could have
exercised its powers in having him committed to the kindly custody
of an institution where men of his temperament may be cared for and
receive proper medical treatment. As it is, the jury turned him loose
upon the community. The quality of the testimony introduced on
behalf of the defendant was of sucli character that intelligent think-
ing, reasonable men could not have done otherwise than reject it,
yet the jury decided otherwise.

A curious feature of this trial was the attempt of the jury to divide
the costs between the defendant and the prosecutor. The prosecu-
tion having been brought by Forester Lewis E. Staley under direction
of the Department, the court immediately made an order relieving
Mr. Staley of these costs, and placed them on the county.

While the Commonwealth failed to secure a conviction in this case,
the costs and expense in which this defendant was involved were of
such moment that it is hoped the imposition of even half the costs
upon him will be the means of preventing future exercise of the
peculiar talent he seems to possess for the application of burning
matches to inflammable material.

Because of the failure of a Franklin county jury to do its full
duty as the evidence demanded it should be done, the court itself

i

22

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

expressing its opinion that the defendant in its belief undoubtedly
was guilty, the county of Franklin was involved in the expenses of
a criminal trial and the payment of half the costs. Just so long as
the citizens of this county feel that they are capable of bearing pa-
tiently this sort of thing, the Department will try to exercise an
equal degree of patience.

Some time prior to September, 1913, E. H. Young of Lock Haven
conveyed a tract of land to H. V. Wilhelm of the same place. In
showing the lines to Mr. Wilhelm, the latter contends he was shown
a line which was claimed to be the boundary between the land about
to be sold to him and the Hopkins State Forest. Mr. Wilhelm pro-
ceeded with his cutting operation but in doing so, crossed the real
boundary between the forest and the private land, and cut a consid-
erable quantity from State land. Upon the fact being discovered, a
claim for proper compensation was made against Mr. Wilhelm who
declined payment and resisted an attempt to collect anything. ' It
was necessary, therefore, to commence an action for damages against
Mr. Wilhelm as of January term, 1914. Prior to the trial of the case,
Mr. Wilhelm and his counsel made a proposition of settlement which
the Department agreed to accept only on condition that the defendant
pay all the costs and expenses incurred to date. This he agreed to
do, and the claim was finally settled and the case discontinued upon
the defendant's payment to the Department of $708.53 on September
22, 1914, which amount was promptly paid into the State Treasury.

In November, 1912, it was discovered that William Douty of Mif-
flinburg had cut considerable pine timber on the Mary Albright war-
rant, a part of the Jacks Mountain Forest. The matter was taken
up with Mr. Douty for settlement. He denied his liability on the
ground that the cutting was not intentional and that he believed that
the line to which he was entitled to cut lay elsewhere. The matter
was allowed to drift along in the hope that the defendant would make
a proper settlement and not create the necessity for bringing suit.
This he declined to do, so that the aid of counsel was invoked and
settlement was finally procured in the sum of |C1.33, being the esti-
mated treble damage in accord with the law where conversion follows
the act of trespass. This sum was paid to the State Treasurer on
March 2, 1914.

A claim by adverse possession has recently been made by one Silas
W. Munn to a portion of the George Mead warrant 5354 in Girard
township, Clearfield county. At the time of the conveyance to the
Commonwealth there was no notice of occupancy or possession of any
kind, and of course nothing of record evidencing such claim. The
grantor in this case is Harry B. Mingle of New York City. The ques-
tion to be decided is first whether Munn's claim is good. If it be
held good, whether Mingle should not make restitution to the Corn-

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

monwealth for the portion claimed. This matter was referred to
the Attorney General July 8, 1915, and still remains in his hands
awaiting disposition.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT.

The fiscal years for which appropriations were made do not cor-
respond with the period covered by this report. Expenditures made
from January 1, 1914 to June 1, 1915, were covered by appropriations
made at the session of 1913, and a portion thereof by the appropria-
tions made in 1907 for the purchase of a small land area contracted
for during that fiscal period. The expenditures made for the period
June 1, 1915 to January 1, 1916, were paid from the appropria-
tions made at the session of 1915, out of which appropriations the
Department must continue to conduct its affairs to June 1, 1917.

The appropriations for the sessions 1913 and 1915 were as follows :

1913.

Salaries of officers and clerks specifically provided for

by law, $17,000 00

Contingent expenses, 5,000 00

Traveling expenses. Members of the Commission, 5,000 00

Foresters' salaries and expenses, 110,000 00

Forest Rangers' salaries and expenses, 125,000 00

Draftsmen, Bookkeepers, Stenographers, and Messen-
gers, 15,000 00

Surveys, 10,000 00

Labor, 100,000 00

Title examination, 4,000 00

Maintenance, protection, care, planting, and improve-
ment of State Forests, and for the encouragement, pro-
motion, and development of forestry, 65,000 00

Fixed charges for roads, 40,000 00

Fixed charges for schools, 40,000 00

Purchase of lands, 50,000 00

Prevention and Extinction of Forest Fires, and Ex-
penses, 50,000 00

State Forest Academy, 20,000 00

Deficiency for Title Examination, 5,514 21

Deficiency for the prevention and extinction of forest

fires, and expenses, 2,798 43

24

REPORT OF THE

Deficiency, traveling and necessary expenses of Members
of the Commission,

Off. Doc.

126 30

"^^^^^y 1664,438 94

1915.

Salaries of officers and clerks specifically provided for

by law,

Contingent expenses,

Traveling expenses. Members of the Commission,

Foresters' and Kangers' salaries and expenses,

Draftsmen, Bookkeepers, Stenographers, and Messen-

o^"^?

Surveys,

Labor,

Title examination,

Incidental expenses,

Purchase of lands,

Forest fires,

District foresters,

Deficiency for the prevention and extinction of forest

fires, and expenses,

Fixed charges for roads,

Fixed charges for schools,

State Forest Academy,

Total,

117,000 00
4,000 00
5,000 00

225,000 00

18,000 00

4,000 00

85,000 00

3,000 00

50,000 00

40,000 00

45,000 00

8,500 00

17,500 00

42,000 00

42,000 00

20,000 00

?619,700 00

From the above appropriations there were expended
period covered by this report, the following amounts:

Salaries of officers and clerks,

Foresters' and Rangers' salaries and expenses,

Expenses, Members of tlie Commission,

Contingent expenses,

Draftsmen, Bookkeepers, Stenographers, and Messen-
gers,

Surveys,

Labor,

Title examination,

Incidental expenses,

Purchase of Lands :

1907 Appropriation, |6,414 12

1913 Appropriation, 19,400 80

1915 Appropriation, 2,024 05

during the

117,000 00

240,447 33

5,063 13

4,780 57

16,000 00

11,202 19

90,276 93

5,969 58

63,120 35

27,928 97

No. 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. 25

Forest fires, 47,750 77

Deficiency for the prevention and extinction of forest

fires, 15,196 15

District Foresters, 991 12

Fixed charges for roads, 39,795 13

Fixed charges for schools, 38,957 29

Forest Academy, 20,431 29

Total 1644,910 80

RECEIPTS FROM THE STATE FORESTS.

January 1, 1914 to December 31, 1915.

During the two years covered by this report, the returns from the
State Forests, by forests, are shown by the following table:

Forest. Amount.

Austin, $5 00

Bald Eagle, 194 93

Bedford, 557 83

Bear Meadows, 86 57

Barree, 1,866 48

Black Forest, 134 00

Blackwells, 480 62

Buchanan, 79 68

Buffalo, 365 52

Brumbaugh, 87 00

Caledonia, 1,537 02

Chatham, 52 48

Clearfield, 136 00

Greenwood, 563 30

Grays Run, 243 22

Hull, 2,489 17

Hopkins, 3,247 91

Jacks Mountain, 1,012 93

Karthaus, 56 30

Kishacoquillas, 145 00

Kettle Creek, 8 48

Lackawanna, 20 00

Ix)yalsock, 12 00

Mont Alto, 1,300 82

Medix, 572 31

Minisink, 173 00

McClure, 105 54

i

^ f

26 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.

McElhattan, 27 25

Nittany, . . . ! 158 38

Ole Bull, 97 50

Penfield, 10 00

Pennypacker, 144 25

Pine Grove, 4,262 68

Jl^XXII^* •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• vio \J\J

aT xji^KjLlxj m ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• S.jJL I \J I/O

Promised Land, 120 43

Penn, 72 13

Rothrock, 1,848 71

Sinnemahoning, 1,042 33

Slate Run, . 484 22

Snow Shoe, 25 00

Stuart, 1,572 82

Stone, 631 99

Seven Mountain, 72 18

Tea Spring, 60 00

White Deer, 95 74

Whetham, 1,007 23

Young Womans Creek, 46 00

Total, $28,550 48

Total receipts from all sources from organization to December
31, 1915, $104,709.15.

PERMANENT CAMP LEASES.

Under authority conferred upon the Department by act of March
27, 1913, the leasing of permanent camp sites was continued. To the
close of that year the Department awarded 47 leases. The applica-
tion for leases has continued in greatly increased numbers, and to
December 31, 1915, the number awarded has reached a total of 311.
Of this number 21 have been cancelled, 30 withdrawn, and 8 failed
to furnish the proper information for making up their leases, leaving
in force 252 leases. Those granted in the years 1914 and 1915 are as
follows :

1. Robert K. Rltter, 115 Ettwcin St., Beth- j Mud Pond, Porter township, Pike county
lehem. Pa. j '

18. Chaa. L. Detrlck, 314 Cameron Ave., i Wohlheiter Camp No. 1, White Deer town-
MUton, Pa. \ ship. Union county.

30. Henry Z. Gaul, 626 Gordon St., Reading, , Monumont Camp, Hartley township, Union
P#t ' county.

18 00
6 00
500

If

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

i7

I

I

34.

35.

36.

37.

39.

41.

41.

43.

45.

47.

47.

48.

49.

50.

51.

52.

54.

54.

55.

56.

66.

57.

57.

58.

59.

60.

61.

62.

62.

63.

64.

65.

65.
66.

67.
68.
69.

70.

70.

73.

74.

74.

75.

76.

76.

77.

78.
79.

79.

80.

J. Will Kepler, Pine Grove Mills, Pa.,,

J. G. AUgyer, Belleville, Pa ,

F. L. Stewart, Petersburg, Pa.,

Bernard Long, 184 Myers St., B. Strouds-

burg, Pa.
Jos. M. Detrick, Lock Haven, Pa.,

Jos. S. Hummel,* New Berlin, Pa.,
Cliarles Scanlin, Leetonia, Pa

A. M. Lauver, 2000 5th Ave., Altoona,
Pa.

C. D. Frankhouse, Port Royal, Pa.,

John A. Leinbach,* Lancaster, Pa.,

S. H. Strunk, Mifflinburg, Pa

W. K. Swetland, Coudersport, Pa

W. T. Mcllvaine. Franklinville, Pa

B. L. Harpster, Franklinville, Pa.,

J. D. Dotey, Dingman's Ferry, Pa.,

J. W. Price, t Upland, Pa

C. P. Jacox,t Clearfield, Pa

W. J. Britton, Brockwayville, Pa.,

W. J. Ritchie, 1020 Washington St.,

Williamsport, Pa.
E. B. Enyeart.t Huntingdon, Pa

B. 0. Tobias, Woolrich, Pa

R. L. Watts, t State College, Pa

John Stephenson, Greensburg, Pa

Philip D. Foster, State College, Pa

W. F. Colyer, Centre Hall, Pa

W. F. Bradford, t Centre Hall, Pa

H. R. Koch, McAlevysfort, Pa

J. E. Reed,t Pine Grove Mills, Pa., ....

R. S. Stover, Millheim, Pa

B. D. Fisher, Watsontown, Pa

D. C. Cochrane, State College, Pa.,

O. B. Bruner,t Lock Haven, Pa.,

Thomas Shepherd, DIngmans Ferry, Pa.,
Leonard Lachat. Lock Haven, Pa.,

Ralph Angle, Edgemere, Pa

H. D. Garretson, Dingmans Ferry, Pa.,
W. B. Kauffman. Mattawana, Pa., ....

Harry W. Harpster, § Franklinville, Pa.,

A. M. Baldwin, Wellsboro, Pa.,

Thos. R. Selfe, Lock Haven, Pa.,

F. B. Reinwald.t Gaines, Pa.,

Chas. F. Pitts, Sinnemahoning, Pa., ..

Albert Deming, LawrencevlUe, Pa., ....

Blind Huff.t New Columbia, Pa.,

Grant Butler, Clearfield, Pa.,

H. B. Cruver, Bangor, Pa.,

Lawrence Dale, Bast Stroudsburg, Pa.,
Rupert P. Nilis.t Egypt Mills, Pa

J. W. Skillington, Sinnemahoning, Pa.,

L. Chapman Smith, LawrencevlUe, Pa.,

Bwing Spring, Franklin township, Hun-
tingdon county.

Dutch Shanty, Jackson township. Hunting'
don county .

Battle Swamp, Logan township, Hunting-
don county.

Big Pine Flat, Porter township. Pike
county.

Left Hand Sugar Camp, Grugan township,
Clinton county.

Boney Shanty, Spring township, Snyder
county.

Scanlin Camp, Morris township, Tioga
county.

Hiram Ross Site, Jackson township, Hun-
tingdon county.

Rag Hollow, Jackson township, Hunting-
don county.

Camp Deep Spring, Grugan township, Clin-
ton county.

Winkelbleck Fields, Haines township. Cen-
tre county.

Swart wood, Stewardson township. Potter
county.

Dark Hollow, Franklin township, Hunting-
don county.

Path Spring, Franklin township, Hunting-
don county.

Five Mile Meadow, Dingman township. Pike
county.

Elbow Swamp, Porter township. Pike
coimty.

Weilder Field, Pine township, Clearfield
county.

Mouth of Sullivan Camp Draft, Gibson
township, Cameron county.

Ferney First Branch, Colebrook township,
Clinton county.

Frew Camp, Miller township, Huntingdon
county.

Cold Spring, Grugan township, Clinbm
county.

Hubler's Gap, Jackson township, HuntiuiC-
don county.

Whiting No. 4, Cook township, Westmore-
land county.

Hubler's Gap, Jackson township, Hunting-
don county.

Stone Creek Gap, Potter township. Centra
county.

Maple Spring, Potter township, Centrf
county.

GIbboney Mill Site, Jackson township, Hun-
tingdon county.

Gum Hill, Jackson township, Huntingdon
county.

Whetstone Gap, Haines township. Centre
county.

Dogtown Camp, West Buffalo township.
Union county.

Shingletown Trail, Jackson township, Hun-
tingdon county.

Head of Smith Run, Noyes township, Clin-
ton county.

Peck's Dam, Porter township. Pike county,

Poorman Hollow, Woodward township, Clin-
ton county.

Mud Pond, Porter township, Pike county, ..

Silver Spring, Porter township. Pike county,

Hickory Shanty, Bratton township, Mifflin
county.

Colerain Spring, Franklin township, Hun-
tingdon county.

Willis Plantation, Cummings township, Ly-
coming county.

White Pine Camp, Grugan township, Clinton
ton county.

Pipe Line Spring, Brown township, Lycom-
ing county.

Bee Tree Hollow, Gibson township, Cam-
eron county.

Cold Spring, Brown township, Lycoming
county.

Mile Run, West Buffalo township, Union
county.

Weilder Field, Pine township, Clearfield
county.

Junction of Porter's Lake and Beaver Run
Road, Porter township. Pike county.

Peck's Dam, Porter township. Pike county.

Little Mud Pond, Portor township, Pike
county.

Head of Wolf Hollow, Gibson township,
Cameron county.

Mouth of Dougherty Run, Brown township,
Lycoming county.

600

6 00

600

600

5 00

6 00

500

6 00

5 00

600

6 00

5 00

600

6 00

600

6 00

600

5 00

600

600

5 00

600

600

600

600

6 00

600

6 00

6 00

600

! 6 00

1 6 00

8 00
1 6 00

8 00
8 00

5 00

1

600

600

600

1 6 00

6 00

5 00

5 00

6 00

8 00

8 00
8 00

5 or

6 00

r

♦Revoked for cause.
tWithdrawn.
tRevoked.
{Vacated.

28

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

81. J. L. Pursley, North Warren, Pa., ....

82. Frank G. Chorpenning, Clearfield, Pa.,

83. Solomon Kline, Clearfield, Pa

84. Merit B. Luce. Westfleld, Pa

85. H. F. Musser, Spring Mills, Pa

86. J. B. Gentzel, Bellefonte, Pa

87. E. A. Schwenk, Loganton, Pa.,

88. P. H. Dale, State College, Pa.,

89. Chas. W. Williams, II Williamsport, Pa..

90. Nestor Eberly, Mt. Union, Pa

91. F. C. Vaughan, Huntingdon, Pa

92. M. N. Fowler, Summerville, Pa

93. Charles Glassner,§ Jersey Shore, Pa., ..

93. J. A. Cramer, Desire, Pa.,

94. Chas. F. Reinard.t Mount Carmel. Pa.,

94. S. D. Longenecker, Petersburg, Pa., ....

95. Frank B. Holcomb, Westfleld, Pa.,

96. John M. Fisher, Bellefonte, Pa.,

97. Lemuel Smedley,t Wellsboro, Pa.,

98. C. S. Merrick. Knoxville, Pa.,

99. George C. Kramer, Clearfield, Pa

100. D. L. Stephens,! Altoona. Pa

101. John 0. Pattison. Elkland. Pa

104. S. D. Griffith, Curwensville, Pa

105. W. B. Tobias. t Clearfield, Pa

105. Lewis Gaylor. Clearfield, Pa., ,

106. W. L. Fox, care American Gas Co.,

Philadelphia, Pa.

107. John L. Grove. Steelton, Pa

108. T. L. Farwell. North Bend, Pa.,

109. John Baker, North Bend. Pa

110. B. C. Gourley, Punxsutawney, Pa., ....

111. F. A. Kleckner. Mifflinburg, Pa.,

112. F. A. Rabold, 510 7th St., Altoona, Pa.,

113. C. J. Rnger, Naginey, Pa

114. A. W. Thompson, Lewistown, Pa

115. Geo. R. Walton. Malvern, Pa.,

116. Ner Middleswarth, Troxelvllle, Pa

117. W. R. Harding, Blossburg, Pa

118. J. R. Rishel, Turbotville, Pa

119. Linn A. Shaffee.t Jersey Shore, P«.,

119. C. E. Roseberry.t Clearfield, Pa

119. Alfred Jury, Clearfield, Pa

120. R. L. Watts, State College, Pa

121. Leroy Wilson. DuBois. Pa.,

122. B. L. Shope,* 1700 N. Second St., Har-

risburg. Pa.
12.1. A. W. Womer, Jersey Shore, Pa

124. I. E. Greenwood, Carlisle, Pa.

Huffnagle Gap, Hartley township, Union
county.

Harpster's Camp, Pine township, Clearfield
county.

Sand Bed Camp, Pine township, Clearfield
county.

Lebo Camp. Stewardson township. Potter
county.

Sand Spring, Brown township, Mifflin
county.

Junction of Three Runs, Karthaus township,
Clearfield county.

Cooper's Mill Camp, Lewis township. Union
county.

Site near State College Water Company's
Dam, Harris township, Centre county.

Pine Tree Spring, Beech Creek township,
Clinton county.

Camp Forsythe, Shirley township, Hunting-
don county.

Elliott Camp, Slilrley township. Huntingdon
county.

The Log Cabin, Benezette township. Elk
county.

Wilcox Camp. Stewardson township. Potter
county.

Kelly's Cellar. Pine township. Clearfield
county.

Seven Mile Camp. Ablwtt township. Potter
county.

Traveler's Spring, Logan township. Hun-
tingdon county.

Shade Grove Camp, Abbott township. Pot-
ter- county.

Riley Camp, Harris township. Centre
county.

Near Mt. Tom, Shlppen township. Tioga
county.

Merrick's Camp, Stewardson township. Pot-
ter county.

Murrel Office Camp, Pine township. Clear-
field county.

Head Big Birch Run, West Keating town-
slilp. Clinton county.

Mapledale Camp. Abbott township. Potter
coimty.

Painter Place, Pine township, Clearfield
county.

Berkey Camp, Pine township, Clearfield
county.

Jury Mill, Pine township, Clearfield county.

West Shore Peck's Pond, Porter township.
Pike county.

Greenlick Cottage, Chapman township, Clin-
ton county.

Geisor Hollow. Chapman township. Clinton
county.

Patchell Camp, Chapman township, Clinton
county.

Head of Lower Three Runs, Gibson town-
ship, Cameron county.

Panther Run Bridge. Hartley township.
^ Union county.

Head West Branch of Laurel Run, Brown
township, Mifflin county.

Old Steam Mill, Armagh township, Mifflin
county.

Buckwheat Shanty. Armagh township,
Mifflin county.

Logan Spring. Brown township, Mifflin
county.

Cold Spring. Spring township, Snyder
county.

Stone Pump House, Brown township, Ly-
coming county.

Old Fourth Gap House. Washington town-
ship. Lycoming county.

Head of Benson Run. Chapman township,

Clinton county.
Happy-Go-Lucky Camp, Pine township.

('learfleld county.
Onk Spring, Glrard township. Clearfield

county.
Mllllken Mill Site, Jackson township. Hun-
tingdon county.

Mouth of Mud Lick Hollow, Benezette town-
ship. Elk co\mty.

Treaster's Mill Site, Brown township

Mifflin county.
Mouth of Billjohn Branch of Trout Run,

McHenry township, Lycoming county.
Laurel Lake, Cooke townsliip, Cumberlano'
county.

5 00

6 00

6 00

5 00

5 00

6 00

5 00

5 00

5 00

6 00

600

5 00

5 GO

6 00

5 00

6 00

5 00

5 00

3 00

6 00

6 00

5 00

5 00

6 00

6 00

6 00
8 00

5 00

5 00

5 00

5 00

6 00

5 00

6 00

6 00

6 00

3 00

6 00

6 00

6 00

6 00

5 00

No

charge.
5 00

600

6 00

15 00

;i Ira nsf erred to William Wa't »mp5rt>urg. Pa.

•Transferred to Wm. H. Kx^mer, Milroy, Pa.

tWithdrawn.

tRevoked.

fiVacated.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

29

125. B. M. Biddle. Carlisle, Pa

126. John L. Hall, Williamsport. Pa

127. Irvln W. Gleason, Gleasonton, Pa

128. James B. Gleason, Gleasonton, Pa., —
129 Geo. H. Hardner, Allentown, Pa

130. Charles H. Irvln, Big Run, Pa

131. BenJ. W. Irvln, Big Run, Pa

132. Geo. K. Mosser, Noxen, Pa.,

133. Henry S. Mosser, Newberry, Pa.,

134. W. S. Harris, Lock Haven, Pa

135. Harry C. Trexler, Allentown, Pa.,

136. J. M. Kelly, Curwensville. Pa

137. T. J. Kirk, Luthersburg, Pa

138. W. L. Jones. Bellwood, Pa

139. E. O. Bristol. Galeton, Pa

140. George E. Thustln, Barnesboro. Pa

141. Wilbur S. Wilson. t E. Stroudsburg, Pa.

141. G. C. Myers, Gardners, Pa

142. John C. Rogers, Williamsport, Pa

143. Augustus Mlddaugh, Dlngmans Ferry,

Pa.

144. A. E.* Dunn, Falls Creek, Pa.,

145. Alfred Holton, Tioga, Pa

146. H. B. Cloos. Mlddlebury Centre, Pa.. ...

147. Robinson Rosier, Carlisle, Pa.,

148. C. E. Wright, 1111 N. 3d St., Harrls-

burg, Pa.

149. A. D. Kramer, Kreamer. Pa

150. John Mills, Houtzdale, Pa

151 .Seth Malnes, Woodland, Pa., .

152. Lee S. North, Punxsutawney,

153. Wm. A. Black, Aspers, Pa., ..

154. A. M. Bowman. t Lemoyne, Pa.,

154. Jacob B. Feather, 725 Green St., Allen-

town, Pa.

155. Clarence Keel. DuBols. Pa.,

156. W. H. Beatty,** Duquesne, Pa.,

157. Harry McCartney, Carlisle, Pa.,

158. B. A. Moist, B:yde, Pa

159. J. C. Arnold, Ryde, Pa.,

160. C. G. Corbin, Granville, Pa

161. J. Linn Harris, Bellefonte, Pa.,

162. Clayton Seltz, MountvlUe, Pa., .

163. M. S. Demlng,t Tioga, Pa

163. Geo. S. Seese, 219 Bloom St., Dunmore,

164. F. P.' Farwell, Galeton, Pa., ,

165. Alvln M. Whitney, Ulysses. Pa.,

166. J. H. Brooks, Neffs Mills, Pa.. .

167. G. W. Alexander, Clarion, Pa., .

168. W. P. NeCf.S Altoona. Pa

Laurel Lake, Cooke township, Cumberland

county.
Near Otzinachson Park, Grugan township,

Clinton county.
Near Otzinachson Park. Grugan township,

Clinton county.
Near Otzinachson Park, Grugan township,

Clinton county.
Near Otzinachson Park, Grugan township,

Clinton county.
Near Otzinachson Park, Grugan township,

Clinton county.
Near Otzinachson Park, Grugan township,

Clinton county.
.\ear Otzinachson Park, Grugan township,

Clinton county.
Near Otzinachson Park, Grugan township,

Clinton county.
Near Otzinachson Park, Grugan township,

Clinton county.
.Near Otzinaclison Park, Grugan township,

Clinton county.
Head Horn Shanty Creek. Pine township.

Clearfield county.
Head of Coupler Run, Pine township,

Clearfield county.
Spotts Spring, Logan township. Huntingdon

toimty.
Abbott Camp, Abbott township. Potter

county.
Head of Big Birch Island Run, West

Keating township. Clinton county.
Slippery Rock, Porter township. Pike

county.
Laurel Dam. Cooke township. Cumberland

cotinty.
Thompson Hollow, Cummings township, Ly-
coming county.
Head of Saw Creek, Porter township. Pike

county.
Head of Barr Run, Benezette township. Elk

county.
.Shay's Spring, Brown township, Lycoming

county.
Big Spring. Stewardson townsliip, Potter

county.
Laurel Lake, Cooke township, Cumberland

county.
Head of Jerry Lick Draft, Gibson township,

Cameron county.
Decall Gap, Spring township, Snyder

county.
Head of Trout Run, Goshen township,

Clearfield county.
Dickson Farm, Goshen township, Clearfield

county.
Head of Lower Three Runs, Karthaus

township, Clearfield county.
Dull Place, Cooke township, Cumberland

county.
Ilinkle Place, Cooke township, Cumberland

county.
Mud Pond. Porter township. Pike county.

Head of Whitney Run, Pine township,
Clearfield county.

Mouth of Laurel Run. Gibson township,
Cameron county.

Site at Laurel, Cooke township. Cumber-
land county.

Coal Hearth Camp. Bratton township,
Mifflin county.

Owl's Nest, Wayne township. Mifflin
county.

Corbin Spring, Milford township, Juniata
county.

River View Camp, Shirley township. Hun-
tingdon county.

White Oak Crossing. Lack township, Ju-
niata county.

Foster Hollow Spring. Brown township, Ly-
coming county.

Seese Camp, Green township. Pike county,

Robinson's Camp. Stewardson township.

Potter county.
LeiK) Camp No. 2, Stewardson township.

Potter county.
Sand Spring, West township. Huntingdon

county.
Blackwell Spring. Benezette township, Elk

county.
Tunnel Hill Camp. Spruce Creek township,

Huntingdon county.

12 00

50

50

50

.50

60

50

50

50

50

50

6 00

6 00

6 00

6 00

5 00

8 00

12 00

5 00

6 00
5 00

5 00

6 00
15 00

5 00
5 00

5 00

6 00

5 00
8 00
8 00

6 00

5 00

6 00
15 00

6 00

7 00
600
6 00
6 00
6 00
6 00
6 00
6 00
600
500
600

I'M

' 1 <

wa

•♦Transferred to George B, Sorrlck. Monongahela City, Pa.

tWithdrawn.

tRevoked.

{Vacated.

90

HEPORT OF THE

Ofif. Doc.

168. J. A. Gulp, 2230 N. 4th St., Harrlsburg,

Pa

169. N. J. Tomllnson, 834 Chestnut St., Phila-

delphia, Pa.

170. Mrs. M. L. B. Stuart, Carlisle, Pa

171. Claude Flood, t Keewaydin, Pa

i71. H. N. Fenstamaker, 94 S. 6th Ave.,

172. J. F. Brouse, Mifflinburg, Pa.,

173. Jolm Giles, Tyrone, Pa.,

174. L. D. Blackwelder, Bedford, Pa.

175. J. L. Fisher, Wellsboro, Pa., ..

176. R. V. Sharp, Barree, Pn

177. D. R. Eckman, Danville, Pa.,

178. Chas. S. Edelman, Mifflinburg, Pa..

••••••

179. Ira B. Clark, DuBois, Pa

180. P. C. Fenton, Mahanoy City, Pa.,

181. E. S. Moore, Medix Run, Pa., ....

182. W. 0. Raymond, Boalsburg, Pa.,

183. J. B. Chambers, Mifflinburg, Pa.,

184. J. H. Coulter, Reedsville, Pa

185. Hosea Johnson, Reedsville, Pa

186. Robert Whittaker, South Sterling, Pa.,

187. S. C. Bardine, Newton Hamilton, Pa., ..

188. F. Mark Bream, Gettysburg, Pa.

189. John I. Huss.t Spring Mills, Pa.,
189. M. M. Bricker, Lewistown, Pa.,

190. George H. Johnson, Galeton, Pa., .

191. W. D. Melcher, Bast Altoona, Pa.,

192. J. G. Schriner, Williamsport, Pa., .

193. O. E. Miller, S care Logan Coal Co.,

Beaverdale, Pa.
193. Amos Miller, Trout Run, Pa

194. John E. Shellenberger, Hollidaysburg,

Pa., R. D. No. 2.

195. J. M. Baker, Beaver Springs, Pa

196. I. W. Reed, Philipston, Pa

197. W. G. Lawrence, Ariel, Pa., ...

198. Joseph R. Kendig.t Renovo, Pa.,

199. Wm. H. Hoffner,5 Huntingdon, Pa., R.
D. No. 2.

199. K. D. Packer, Lock Haven, Pa

200. U. S. Koons.t 416 Harrison Bldg., Phila-

delphia. Pa.

200. Andrew B. McGill, East Stroudsburg,

Pa.

201. John Frankovitch, Farrell, Pa

202. Frank T. Sholley, Hemdon, Pa.,

203. H. T. Frankenfleld, Bushkill, Pa., .

204. Peter B. Hershey, Parkesburg, Pa.,

206. B. W. I>ee,8 Stroudsburg, Pa.,

205. D. L. Wilson, 208 Main St., Lock Haven,

Pa.

206. William C. Carle, Youngwood, Pa

207. Harry W. Barth,t Mount Penn, Pa.,

208. M. A. Garman, 522 Curtin St., Harris-

burg. Pa.

209. P. B. Klingman, Mifflinburg, Pa.,

210. Chas. W. Stoddart, State College, Pa., ..

211. Clarence Stone, Stroudsburg, Pa.,

tWithdrawn.

JRevoked.

SVaeated.

••••••

Christman Mill, Grugan township, Clinton

county.
Hickory Swale, Cummings township, Lycom-
ing county.
Near Pine Grove Furnace, Cooke townhip,

Cumberland county.
Flood Spring, Girard township, Clearfield

county.
Bake Oven Camp, Benezette township. Elk

county.
Molasses Gap Spring, Hartley township,

R. D. 4, Union county.
North end of Vandehender Ridge, Logan

township, Huntingdon county.
Blankly Place, Colerain townsliip, Bedford

county.
Manchester Camp, Shippen township, Tioga

county.
Sharp Spring, Logan township, Huntingdon

county.
Sand Spring, Lewis township. Union county.
Halfway Run, Hartley township. Union

county.
Larsen Camp, Benezette town&hip, Elk

county.
Cannon Hole, McHenry tdwnship, Lycom-
ing county. "
Doyletown Camp, Benezette township. Elk

county.
Birch Spring, Harris township. Centre

county.
Yankee Run, Miles township. Centre

county.
Crab Apple Hollow, Brown township, Mifflin

county.
Otter Gap Cabin, Union township, Mifflin

county.
Promised Land, Palmyra township. Pike

county.
Cool Spring, Wayne township, Mifflin

county.
Marsh Creek Camp, Franklin township,

Adnms count.v.
Big Flat, Armagh township, Mifflin county,
Biickhorn Camp, Armagh township, Mifflin

county.
Clark's Shanty, Brown township, Lycoming

county.
Duncan & Wills Camp, Cass township,

Huntingdon county.
Red Ridge Spring, Plunketts Creek town-
ship, Lycoming county.
Bear Hollow Spring, Lewis township, Ly-
coming county.
Bear Hollow Spring, Lewis township, Xy-

coming county.
Leo Spring, Logan township, Huntingdon

county.
Spruce Run, Lewis township. Union county.
Fork of Red Run, Benezette township. Elk

county.
DeWitt Camp, Dingman township. Pike

county.
Head of Mill Run, Grugan township, Clin-
ton county.
Hoover Camp, Miller township. Huntingdon

county.
Pine Grove Camp, Grugan township,

Clinton county.
Mud Pond, Porter township, Pike county.

Mud Pond, Porter township. Pike county.

Summit Camp, Benezette township. Elk

county.
Chestnut Flat Camp, Lewis township. Union

county.
Mud Pond, Porter township. Pike county.
Spruce Spring, Harris township. Centre

county.
Slippery Rock, Porter township, Pike

count.v.
Old Pine Camp, Grugan township, Clinton

county.
Mouth of Wild Cat Gap Run, Harris town-
ship. Centre county.
Dark Hollow, Grugan township, Clinton

county.
King Hollow, Colebrook township, Clinton

cotmty.
Bear Gap, Hartley township, T'nion county,
Forks Camp. Harris township. Centre

county.
Mud Pond, Porter township. Pike county.

5 00

6 00
8 00
6 00
5 00

5 00

6 00

6 00

8 00

6 00

6 00
5 00

5 00

6 00

5 00

6 00
5 00
5 00

5 00
8 00

6 00
6 00

5 00

6 00

6 00

5 00

6 00

5 00

6 00
6 00

5 00
500

6 00

5 00

6 00

6 00

8 00

8 00

6 00

6 00

8 00
6 00

8 00

6 00

6 00

600

6 00

6 00
6 00

800

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

212. W. H. Beidler. 106 E. 18th St., Erie, Pa.,

213. W. B. Bell, Altoona, Pa.,

214. H. L. Briscoe, Notch, Pa.,

215. Geo. W. Parsons, Neffs Mills, Pa

216. D. Dawson Yeakel, Oak Lane, Pa., ....

217. 0. T. Mahon, Fayetteville, Pa.,

218. A. J. Herbster, Laurelton, Pa

219. Geo. B. Dechant, Renovo, Pa

220. Clyde Wilson, 825 Second Ave., New

Kensington, Pa. „ ^

221. L. D. Hoffman, 501 Keystone Ave.,

Sayre Pa.

222. W. H. McQuilken, Glen Campbell, Pa.,

223. Howard Terhune, Chambersburg, Pa., ..

224. J. W. Shaver, 396 Linden Ave., Johns-

town, Pa.

225. Phil M. Johnson, Scotland, Pa.,

226. Harry Blair, Jr., Mifflinburg, Pa., ..

227. M. S. Mitcliell, Clearfield, Pa.,

228. Calvin E. Propst, Northumberland, Pa.,

229. C. A. Long, Lewistown, Pa.,

230. Omar F. Etters, Pitcairn, Pa.,

231. Add Blayney, Claysville, Pa

232. G. A. Storm, Cresco, Pa

233. G. W. Zimmerman, Mifflinburg, Pa., ....

234. U. S. Koons, 416 Harrison Bldg., Phila-

delphia, Pa.

235. Harry A. Raum, Shippensburg, Pa

236. C. F. Lamberson, Arnot, Pa.,

237. R. K. Merrill, Glen Union, Pa

238. Edward Lewis, Sr., Pine Glen, Pa., ....

239. Clarence White, Porters Lake, Pa., ....

240. F. R. Schrot, Hyde, Pa

24L D. L. Mohney, Clearfield, Pa

242. Charles Williams, Forksvlile, Pa

243. H. H. Lamberson, Trough Creek, Pa., ..

244. Frank A. Oakwood, Wash. Ave. & 10th

St., Tyrone, Pa.

245. C. D. Douty, Barree, Pa

246. C. W. Brouse, Weedville, Pa

247. James F. Bohen, Whitemarsh Valley

Country Club, Chestnut Hill, Phila-
delphia, Pa.

248. James W. Heacock, Wyncote, Pa

249. W. O. Munsell, Emporium, Pa

250. James D. Counsil,* Sinnemahoning, Pa.,

251. James W. Stettler, 1055 W. Main St.,

Stroudsburg, Pa.

252. A. L. Reedy, Laurelton, Pa

Chrispman Mill Camp, Grugan townhip,
Clinton county.

Schuar's Draft, Karthaus township, Clear-
field county.

Wells Spring, Porter township. Pike county.

Deep Woods Camp, West township, Hun-
tingdon county.
Head of Cherry Hollow, Gibson township,

Cameron county.
Wild Cat Hill, Franklin township, Adams
county.

Deer Slayers Camp, Haines township. Cen-
tre county.

Pioneer Camp, Noyes township, Clinton
county.

Mossy Spring, Benezette township. Elk
county.

Lee Hollow, Chapman township, Clinton
county.

Bull Run, Chapman township, Clinton
county.

Stillhouse Camp, Franklin township, Adams
county.

Holt Camp, Burnside township, Centre
county.

Enoch Hollow Camp, Green township, Cum-
berland county.

Halfway Place, Hartley township. Union
county.

Panther Rocks, Pine township, Clearfield
county.

Bishop Spring, Haines township. Centre
countv.

Muthersbaugh Camp, Bratton township,
Mifflin county.

Second Splash Dam, Burnside township,
Centre county.

Fenstamaker Spring, Gibson township, Cam-
eron county.

Peck's Pond, Porter township, Pike county,

Hayes Bridge, Hartley township. Union

county.
Mud Pond, Porter township. Pike county,

Mooney Spring, Southampton townslvip,
Franklin county.

Head of Lloyd Run, Morris township, Tioga
county.

Pine Spring, Grugan township, Clinton
county.

Head of Eddylick, Burnside township. Cen-
tre county.

Peck's Dam, Porter township, Pike county.

Moose Creek, Pine township, Clearfield
county.

Gordon Camp, Pine township, Clearfield
county.

Little Swamp, Plunketts Creek township,
Lycoming county.

Head of i>aurel Run, Cass township, Hun-
tingdon county.

Irwin Mill Camp, Barree township, Hun-
tingdon county.

Summit Camp, West township, Huntingdon
county.

Little Laboard Camp, Gibson township,
Cameron county.

Mud Pond, Porter township. Pike county.

253. Peter Gearhart, Clearfield, Pa., R. D.

No. 1.
264. Wm. HofTner, Huntingdon, Pa., R. D.

No. 2.
255. O. B. Bruner,t Lock Haven, Pa.,

256. George W. Short, Little Marsh, Pa., ..

257. D. P. Beach, Little Marsh, Pa

2C0. Hiram Slagenwbite, North Bend, Pa., .

Tar Kiln Creek, Blooming Grove township.
Pike county. . ^ ^^

Buffalo Switch, Portage township, Pottex
county. . . ^

Head of Arksill Run, Grove township, Cam-
eron county. ^,

Black Diamond Camp, Porter township.
Pike county.

Sheasley Run, Hartley township. Union
county. . ^, ^ ,.

Horn Shanty Run, Pine township, Clearfield
county. ,, ^, .

Martin's Barn, Miller township, Huntingdon
county. ^ , , _,,

Head of Smith Run, Noyes township, Clin-
ton county. ^ , , _,

Reese Camp, Shippen township, Tioga

county.
Applebee Camp, Tioga county,

Seven Mile Run Camp, Chapman township,
Clinton county.

♦Not yet executed.
{Revoked.

8

31

6 00

5 00
8 00

6 00

5 00

6 00

5 00

6 00

5 00

6 00
6 00
6 00
600
6 00
6 00
6 00

5 00

6 00
5 00

5 00
8 00^

6 00
8 00
6 00
6 00
6 00
6 00
8 00
6 00

20 00
6 00
6 00
600
6 00
6 00
8 00

6 00
5 00
5 00
8 00

5 00

6 00
6 00
6 00

5 00
600

6 00

32

UEPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

No. 26.

Department of forestry

33

274. Jackson Rice, Little Marsh, Pa., ...
276. W. B. Simpson, Huntingdon, Pa., .
288. Elmer B. Reep, Lawrenceville, Pa.,

Bi/? Troo Hollow, Shippen township. Tioga 5 00

county.
Floyd & Hale Camp, Jackson township, 6 00

Huntingdon county.
R««'d Camp, Brown township, Lycoming 5 00

county.

Leases awarded before December 31, 1915, but not drawn for execu-
tion on that date:

V. B. Hartle, Meyersdale, Pa

P. A. Hunter, Brookville, Pa

W. C. LeFevre, Lewistown, R, D. No. 2,

M. C. Dinger, Morrisdale, Pa ,

Fred Lanterman, Kaylor. Pa

Miss Olive Price, Mountain Home, Pa., ..
H. L. Bowman, Clearfield, Pa

Hublcr Spring, Girard township, uiearheidf
county.

Summit Camp, Benezette township. Elk
county.

Splash Dam, Bratton township, Mifflin
county.

Big Spring, Gibson township, Cameron
county.

Williams Camp, Pine township, Clearfield

county.
Mud Pond, Porter township. Pike county.

Stone Run, Pine township, Clearfield

F. B. Yocum, Mapleton Depot, Pa | WWte Oak Flat. Cass township, Hunting-
don county.

$5 00

5 00

6 00

5 00
600
8 00

6 00
6 00

The Department of Forestry is anxious that the people of
Pennsylvania shall enjoy the State Forests as camping, hunting, and
fishing grounds, and every possible facility consistent with the' pro-
tection and development of the Forests will be furnished our
people to this end. The recreation and enjoyment to be obtained in
the woods is being more and more appreciated. The hunters, fish-
ermen, campers, and picnickers are among the staunchest friends of
forestry, and to them we confidently look for better protection of the
State Forests from year to year, as well as greater care in their use
of the forest. The large number of forest fires attributed to campers,
hunters, and fishermen should soon be materially decreased. It is
not possible to have beautiful recreation grounds and forest fires in
the same place. Neither is it possible to have fish and game in
abundance on burned areas. The sooner this fact is indelibly burned
upon the memory of all of us the more careful we will all become of
the way we conduct ourselves in the woods.

TEMPORARY CAMPING PERMITS.

The following table shows the number of temporarv camping per-
mits issued during the years covered by this report,^ together with
the number of names of persons appearing upon the permits; also a
summary of the permits issued from 1904 on. Interest in temporary

camps is not abating, but the number of applicants has decreased
owing to the leasing of permanent camps :

Year.

09

'S

525

Si
«2

u

V 09

g tF a

^

1904,
1905,
1906,
1907,
1908,
1909,
1910,
1911,
1912,
1913,
1914,
1915,

243
379
421
442
596
622
623
749
711
811

614

1,614
1,977
2,303
2,497
3.409
3,597
3.556
4,528
4,672
4.521
4.258
3,421

FORESTERS' INDIVIDUAL AND SPECIFIC REPORTS.

Each of the foresters in charge of a definite area of forest land is
charged with the duty at the end of each calendar year of making a
detailed report of all his activities during that period. This includes
a financial statement of his operations and a complete inventory of
all State property in his custody or under his control.

To publish even a condensation of these reports, as was done for
the years 1912 and 1913, would bring this volume to such an unwieldy
size that it could not be satisfactorily handled. The Department has
therefore thought it best to reduce the reports to a bare tabulated
form, in which the most condensed statement may be made in a few
words or a set of figures to indicate the contents of the several re-
ports. The table has, therefore, been prepared with this end in view.
If greater detailed information be desired by any person respecting
any feature of the tabulation, this may readily be had upon inquiry
at the Department of Forestry.

From time to time it is necessary either to divide or consolidate
former forest units, and in the re-arrangement of the classification it
is sometimes desirable to change the names by which forest units are
designated. Such changes have been made during the period covered
by this report, and in the first column of tabulation the instances are
indicated where these have occurred.

3— 26— 191G

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82

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

REPORT OF THE FOREST INSPECTOR.

Until Mr. Wirt was promoted to the office of Chief Forest Fire
Warden, he continued his work as Forest Inspector during the year
1914 and to September 1, 1915. In this time he was busily engaged
in making examinations and reports and doing work directly con-
nected with forest extension and propaganda. He made inspections
of land and rendered reports thereon to the owners or to those having
interest therein. Copies of all reports are on file in the Department.
The work of the Forest Inspector must now be divided among other
members of the Depaj'tment, largely among the foresters in the field.
Mr, Wirt gives his whole time to the bureau of forest protection.

A continuously increasing number of calls is being made for this
kind of assistance and is being responded to as readily and as
promptly as it lies within the power of the Department to do. It is
found that there is an increasing desire on the part of private land
owners to understand better the capacity of their lands for forest
production. Most of the examinations and reports are directed to

this end.

The work of the Inspector included inspections, addresses, pre-
oaring special reports, preparing articles for various publications,
.•onducting the work relative to forest fire wardens and permanent
.-amp leases, visiting and assisting the foresters upon the State
Porests, and doing miscellaneous office work.

The following table is a condensed statement of work for private
individuals in the inspection of trees, woodlots, and woodlands :

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

63

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No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY,

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The following is a statement of various periodical articles and dis-
cussions prepared by Mr. Wirt:

Reports and Magazine Articles.

Eeport on Witches' Brooms ^^^^^ ^^^^^

Activities of Department of Forestry lor iv o v

°'K,vt°".rPenn„.,.«ia F.,e,.,, Activities .rem 189= (fr 0».-

"Fire in Penn's Woods" (a review of 1913 forest nres; ^
the Open" ) . .. „„^ k,, T.pnn svl vania Department of Forestry

Sr,ltnr:?sLrrca™lin/pop.» i. !..-.» C««.t,

'Xrw»b'Dr..l., r.r 6.™ e.perimen.ai pl.n.l.g «n lands .t
Cambria Steel Company at Johnstown.

Brn"a"4o;s;;''E' Seles ,or "In tU. Open" in Septem-
befnn" ir tTo "bieets tinted ,h». <„ are as <oUo.. ,
Why we should plant trees.
C :^ '=1 trt^Sr-t-eet t„e.. «, pla...

cuttings.
^::°CLT':»rding .0 purpose; si.natien; soi,; s.z. o,

plants.

Trees for birds. heeling in ; mixture of

Number of trees per acre; when to plant, heeling in,

species; thinning. ^ ^ 4.-^„

Small plants vs. large plants for reforestation.

Trees on the farm. ,-,14.

Condition and treatment of farmers' woodlots.

^ ,, a 1011 Mr Wirt was placed in charge of the system of
fn^thf w^rUn^ oTtt system. After giving the subject careful
5—26—1916

I:

t

REPORT OF THE

Ofif. Doc.

No. 26.

study he made a number of recommendations for the betterment of
the system and began the preparation of a forest fire warden^s man-
ual for the use of these officers. The manual was not published be-
cause it was felt that the Legislature of 1915 would make some im-
portant changes at the request of the Department, which changes
were finally accomplished in the passage of the forest protection
code. The fire warden's manual will be revised to meet the condi-
tions imposed by the new law, and is intended to be published in the
near future.

A circular on the subject of forest fires, the duty and importance
of protecting forests from fire, and showing the disastrous results
following fire, was prepared and widely circulated. It was sent to
all the railroad companies owning or operating lines within the
State; to all the city, county, borough, and township superintendents
of schools ; to all the county commissioners, as well as to all the for-
esters in the Department, with instructions to them to arouse a
public interest against forest fires in their neighborhoods.

On July 1 and 2, 1914, he attended the meetings of the United
Sportsmen of Pennsylvania in Pittsburgh, as a representative of this
Department.

On July 16 a visit to the Asaph nursery and the region around
Cross Fork was made.

On August 3 and 4 he accompanied the Wisconsin legislative com-
mittee over the Mont Alto and Caledonia forests.

On August 11, 12, and 13 he inspected a large portion of the Penny-
packer Forest.

On September 8 and 9 he attended the summer convention of the
foresters at Eaglesmere.

During the year he was engaged at intervals in working out a sys-
tem of uniform accounts for the State Forests. A number of the
forms were revised and new ones prepared. Forms relating to the
new class of auxiliary forest reserves, were also prepared. Lectures
on uniform accounts were given to the students of the Academy dur-
ing June and July.

The Forest Inspector was also charged with the duty of regularly
checking up the monthly reports of foresters and forest rangers. He
assisted them in the preparation and handling of their accounts. The
report material on hand from the foresters and the records of all
operations by them, were classified and filed by forests.

During the first eight months of 1915 Mr. Wirt was engaged on
essentially the same work as the preceding year.

The following addresses were delivered upon the topics named,
on the dates indicated:

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. ^

ADDRESSES.
Feb. 6, 13, 20, 27. School of Horticulture for Women, Ambler, Pa.

"The Woodlot in Farm Management."
March 20. Forest Fire Wardens, Monroe county, Buck Hill FaUs.
"General Forest Fire Work." ;, ^ ^ „

ADril 13 Orphans Home, Womelsdorf . "Care of Trees and Forests.
April 15 Orphans Home, Topton. "Care of Trees and Forests/^
May 4. Boys High School, Reading. "Civic Improvement by Tree

Planting "
May 6. Girls High School, Reading. "Civic Improvement by Tree

Planting "
Dec. 30. Chamber of Commerce, Johnstown. "Why Johnstown Got

a District Forester."

Reports and magazine articles were prepared and submitted as

follows: . . X- ,

Reports and Magazine Articles.

Jan. 14. Forest Fire System in Pennsylvania (N. Y. Forestry Asso-
ciation Magazine). ^„ ,t^ _»
Feb. 1. Outline upon "The Woodlot in Farm Management' (Depart-

M^^'2*^' Inquiry to Governors of all States and various Forestry Of-
flciais concerning combination of forest, fish, and game interests.
Mar 10 Summary of Department Work in 1914 (Forest Leaves).
Mar. 15. Re-drafting of Forest Fire Legislation, resulting in Forest

Protection Code (Department).
Mar. 24. White Ash (In the Open).
Mar. 26. Safety First (Forest Leaves) (Discussion of forest fire con-

Mai ' Tabulation of Forest Fire Wardens' reports for the year 1914

with assistance of R. W. Stadden (Department).
May 14. Red Pine (In the Open).
June 16. Cottonwood (In the Open).
July 14. Sugar Maple (In the Open).
Julv 27. Norway Spruce (In the Open).
Aug 25. Tree Planting vs. Forest Fires (Forest Leaves).
Oct 15. Telephone in Forest Protection (Telephone Kews).

Dec. 8. Red Oak (In the Open).

Mr Wirt superintended the initial forest plantipg made by the
children at the Womelsdorf and Topton Orphans' homes on April
13th and 15th, and on the 24th assisted the Park authorities of the
X of Reading to establish a municipal forest tree nursery. On
Z 5thTnd 6'th he superintended the planting of 13,000 trees on
the Reading watershed with the help of 84 high school boys and 416
high school girls.

. -,»,, j,ii»im>w^w.-

68

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

Preparatory to making a contract for the sale of certain timber
in the Nittany Forest, careful examination and report thereon was
made by him on May 25th, 26th, and 27th.

During the months of July and August, most of his time was spent
in necessary office work. During the last three days in July he was in
attendance at the meeting of the Eastern State Foresters at Mont
Alto, and during the second week in August attended the meeting
of our own State Foresters at Galeton. During the latter part of
August he made arrangements for the procuring of wood specimens
at Mont Alto and assisted in the installation of the forest exhibit at
the Reading Agricultural Fair.

Circulars having been prepared and forwarded in December, 1914,
to all the cities, boroughs, and first class townships in the State mak-
ing inquiry about the acceptance of the shade tree commission act,
replies were received and tabulated. They indicated the acceptance
of this act b}^ the following municipalities :

Chester.
Easton.
Meadville.
Philadelphia.

Barnesboro.

Beaver.

Boswell.

Bristol.

Clearfield.

Dorranceton.

DuBois.

East Mauch Chunk.

East Pittsburgh.

East Stroudsburg.

East Washington.

Forty Fort.

Cities.

Pittsburgh.

Wilkes-Barre.

York.

Boroughs,

Sewicklev.

Shenandoah.

Steelton.

Tvrone.

Washington.

Waynesburg.

Weatherly.

West Chester.

Westmont.

Williamsburg.

Wyomissing.

It seems that none of the first class townships has as yet reported
acceptance of the act. Out of 9G0 circulars thus mailed, but 406
replies were received. This is some indication of the low state of
appreciation of shade tree planting which exists in the municipalities
of the Commonwealth. Considerable effort has been expended in the
knowledge and designation of information concerning wood utiliza-
tion. The collection of data has proceeded, and in collaboration with
the U. S. Forest Service, has resulted in the publication of "The
Wood Using Industrie.^ of Pennsylvania," Bulletin No. 9.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

„ X V 1 101 r, Mr Wirt was appointed Cliief Forest Fire
^'i:^:':^::\tZi:';rZ.on .o£!.n. .nee t.at date .a.
LTdevoting his time to forest fire protection work.

FIXED CHARGES ON STATE LAND.

The following is a statement of the amount paid i^v vo^i^ni

school purposes for 1914 and IJJ^ "°« Appropriations cover-

L. Ill, and the act of May 13, 1909, P. U T44^ PP P j ^^^

ing these expenditures were included n be gene-l^^PP ^J^^^ ^^^^

bills at the session of 191^, r. ij. < * », <*"^
arate appropriation acts, page 54.

1914.

County.

Township.

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Adams.
Adams,
Adams.

Franklin, •■•
Hamiltonban.
Menallen, •••

g^'»!5 :: ™m"r"lin,rvklieyV

r.'eS; ••••-•-•-•.:::l =ii-p««n.

Gibson,

Grove.

Ind. District,

s«"-°" ::::il'-"r";«e, ■:•.■.:•.

Cameron.
Cameron.
Cameron.

Cameron
Cameron

Sliippen,

Centre ?S"'*.

C^uV Ferguson,

S!"!I!* Gregg, ••

Centre.
Centre,
Centre.

regg,

Haines,

Harris,

Centre UViVa

rpntre Miles,

i^enire. i p „„

Centre.
Centre.
Centre.
Centre.
Centre.

Potter,
Rush, .
Spring,
Wallcer,

Clearfield. I {?jSd*'":. .::::::::"•• ••••*

Clearjeld fi^Xn

Clearfield. «„ctnn

^A'^M'Xy :: ""'•*''^'"-

ClearneUl pike

Clearfield \ \;^^' (p^^t of T.awrentc

sfhool purposes).

for

Clearfield,

arfleld ^l"!!!

Clo
Clearfield,

Union.

11,128
4,74€
5,012

2,167

749

7,102

26,(M9
30,097

2.4(>3
6,997

20,9<»0
2,453
925
2,907
14.414
11.229
7.999
4,244
7,598
3.088
1,957
1,523

4«
11.349
1.964
8,491
7,138
1,930
15,216

610
230

1222 56

94 92

100 24

43 34

14 98
142 04

520 98
601 94

'"364*82

49 26

139 94

419 60
49 06 1
18 50
58 14
288 28
234 58
159 98
84 88
151 96
60 76
39 14
30 46

9 66
226 98

39 28
169 82
142 76

38 60
304 32

12 20
4G0

11,128
4.746
5,012

2,167

749

7,102

20.487
23,489
12.170
15.241
2,463
6.997

20.980
2.453
925
2,907
14.414
11.229
7,999
4.244
7.598
3.038
1.957
1.523

488
11.349
1.964
8.491
7.138
1.930
15,216

610
230

$222 56

94 92

100 24

43 34
14 98

142 04

409 74
469 78
243 40
904 88
49 26
139 94

419 60
49 00

18 50
58 14
288 28
224 58
159 98
84 88
151 96
60 76
39 14
30 46

9 66
226 98

39 28
169 82
142 76

38 60
304 32

12 20
460

70

REPORT OF THE

Ofif. Doc.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY,

71

County.

Township.

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Clinton

Clinton

Clinton

Clinton

Clinton

Clinton

Clinton

Clinton

Clinton

Clinton

Clinton.

Clinton

Clinton

Clinton

Clinton

Clinton

Cumberland

Cumherland

Cumberland

Cumberland

Cumberland

Cumberland

Cumberland

Cumberland

Dauphin.

Elk.
Elk.

Franklin,
Franklin,
Franklin,
Franklin,
Franklin,
Franklin.
Franklin,
Franklin,
Franklin,
Franklin,

Fulton,
Fulton.

Huntln^tdon,
Huntinfrdon,
Huntingdon,
Huntingdon,
Huntingdon.
Huntinfrdon,
Huntingdon,
Huntingdon,
Huntlnirdon,
Huntinirdon,
Huntinifdon,
Huntinedon,
Huntinsrdon,
Huntingdon,
Huntingdon,
HuntinKdon,

Juniata

Juniata

Juniata

Lackawanna,

Lycominjc.
LycominK,
Ly coming,
J.ypomlnK.
Lycomlnjc.
T-yromlnK,
Lycomlnjc,
LycomluR,
Lycomlnjf,
Lycomlnc.
LycomlnR.
Lycoming,
LycomlnK,
Lycomlns:,
Lycoming,

■••••••

Beech Creek, •

Castanea,

Chapman,

Colobrook

Crawfordv

East Keating,

vTfliict^n^ri •••••••••••••••••••••

vT r00OC| •■•••••••••••••••••••••••

Cirugan

Lamar,

Leidy

Noyes,

Pine Creek

Wayne

West Keating

Woodward,

Dickinson, .■

Frankford,

Hni)ewell,

Newton,

Penn

Southampton

Upper Mifflin,

Jackson,

Benezette,

Hurton,

H ailllCiri ■••••••••••••••••••••■•

Greene

Guilford

Hamilton,

Letterkenny

3^eiai, •,,•,,•...•••..•••••••••••

1 eiers, .■.•*••••■••••••••••••••.

i^umcy. ••••,.••••••••••••••••...

Southampton,

Washington,

Dublin,

Todd

Barree,

Brady

Cass.

Franklin,

Jackson,

Lincoln

Logan,

^ri iiier, ••••,,•••••••••••••••••..

Morris,

L "UU • ••••••••■•••••••••••*•*••••

rOi lOTj •••••••••••••••••••■•••••

Shirley

Spruce Creek

T«>dd

Union,

West

Miliora,

M. usc&rof ftf ••••••••••••••••••■••

Lehigh,

Armstrong,

Brady

Brown,

Clinton

Cogan House

Cummlngs,

Gamble,

jjewis , ,,,,,,.••.,,•••••*••.•••••

Limestone,

McHenry ,

Mclntyre

Nipponose,

Plunketts Creek

Washington,

Watson

15,739
60

2i,64^
721
1,586
3,137
6,063
3,563

10,314
4,0^

19,531

26,395

796

5,163

3,643

1,360

9.091

199
444

98

365

1,155

269

3,354

14,567
283

3,668

5,849

3,704

994

3,197

524

538

9,624

3,573

2,239

1,?55
5,046

2, MO

295

2,609

4.189

26,100

856

4,123

2,562

168

613

1,150

3,577

221

1,00?

1.068

5,745

1,951

109

1.118

4,956

2,352

eio

18,869

2,233

375

18,803

5,107

4.175

819

17,806

2,311

110

8.301

3,969

1.215

314 78
1 20

492 96
14 42
31 72
62 74

121 26

71 06
206 28

81 42
390 63
527 90

16 90
103 26

72 86
27 20

181 82
114 50

3

8

1

7

88
96
30

23 10
5 38

67 08

•236 95
666

73 36
116 98

74 OS

19 88
63 94
10 48
10 76

192 48
71 46
44 78

25 10
100 90

58 80
5 90
52 18
83 78
522 00
17 10

82 46
61 24

3 36
12 26

23 00
71 64

4 42

20 04

21 36
114 90

39 02
2 18

22 36

99 12

47 04

12 20

377 38

44 66

7 50

376 06

102 14

83 50
16 38

356 12

4ft 22

2 20

164 02
79 38

24 30

15,739
60

24.648
721
1.586
3,137
6.063
3.553

10,314
4,071

19,531

26,395

795

6.163

3.643

1.360

9.091

199
AM,

98

365

269

3,^4

14,567
283

3,668

994

3,197

624

"9i624

"2! 239

1,255
0,046

2,940

295

2.609

4.189

26,100

856

4.123

2,W2

168

613

1,150

3,677

221

1.002

1.068

5,745

1,951

109

1.118

4,966

2,362

610

18.i'.69

2,2«

3iS

18.80.^

5,101

4,175

819

17,806

2.311

110
8.201
3.969
1.215

5

00

II

a

I-
S «

<

314 78

1 20

492 96

14 42
31 72
62 74

121 26

71 06
206 28

81 42
390
627

15 90
103 26

72 86
27 20

62
90

181 82

3 98
8 S8
1 96
7 30

638

67 06

tl47 45
6 6S

73 36

19 88

63 94

10 48

i92*48

44 78

26 10

100 90

58 80

5 90

52 18

83 78

622 00

17 10

82 46

61 24

3 36

12 26

23 00

71 54

4 42

20 04

21 36

114 90

39 02

2 18

22 36

99 12

47 04

12 20

377 38

44 66

7 50

376 06

103 14

83 50

16 38

356 12

46 22

2 20

164 02

79 38

24 30

Mifflin. ^'■"l?^n' *

Mifflin. Bratton,

Mifflin. S'^'^^f^V ■

Mifflin. ^*''^^*%'

Mifflin ^''^°J!"^'

Mifflin. ?fT"„**' ■

Mifflin. Union ..

Mifflin Wayne, .

)••••••«

Monroe.
Monroe.
Monroe.

Perry. .

Perry,

Perry,

Perry,

Perry.

Pike, .

Pike, .

Pike .

Pike. .

Pike,

Pike.

Pike,

Pike.

Pike.

Pike,

Pike.

Barrett, ••••

Middle Smithfield,
Price,

Jackson,
Madison,
Madison,
Toboyne.
Tyrone. .

N.
■S.

E.
W.

Potter.
Potter.

Blooming Grove,

Delaware,

Dingman

Greene

Lackawaxen,

Lehman , .... • • • • • • • • • • •

Milford, Ind. District.

Palmyra, .^

Porter.

Shohola.

Westfall,

Abbott. f

JXr ::::US'rFo^rr(a«.ched-toEuia:

^^^^^'^ I lia for school purposes).

Eulalia,

Homer,

Keating

Portage.

Roulette.

Stpwardson,

Potter.
Potter.
Potter,
Potter.
Potter.
Potter.

Potter I g"™"*;f'

Potter Sylvania, ....

'^"^'^'^ West Branch,

Wharton, . . • •

Potter.
Potter.

Snyder.
Snyder.
Snyder.
Snyder.
Snyder.
Snyder.
Snyder.

Adams

Centre

Franklin

Perry

Spring.

West Beaver.
West Perry,

Jefferson. ...

Jenner,

Lincoln.

Somerset

Somerset.

Somerset

rnoffB Chatham,

TwJ- Clymor,

TloM Dclmar.

Tioga.
Tinea.
Tioga.
Tioga.

Union.
Union.

Elk
Mld'dlebury,

Morris,

Sbippen, ...

uSloS: :::::::::::::l White Deer,

Hartley

Lewis

West Buffalo,

Wpstmnreland.
Westmoreland.

Wyoming. .
Total,

Cook. ...
Ligonier,

Eaton,

27,926

8,028

5.871

942

80

314

202

6,163

856
1.545
4,000

7.851

1,336

497

16,460

330

11,826
1,324
6.185
3,043
2,357
3,627
782
3,310
20,651
479
3,lfl

19,4€4

564

6.364

10,802

4,243

14.499

* 461749

14,276

4.S9«

876
7,225

8,642
374

948
1,000
6,084
4,013
3.025

1,043

1,499

925

1,188

744

5,529

1,062

14,296

1,956

18,067

14,576

28,191

20,768

4.083

2,956

4,321
744

1,177

658 52

160 56

117 42

18 84

1 60

6 28

404
123 26

17 12
30 90
80 00

157 02

24 72

9 94

329 20

660

236 52
26 48

103 70

60 86

47 14

72 64

15 64

66 20

412 62

9 58

63 22

389 28

11 28

107 28

216 04

84 86

289 98

• ••••••

814 98

285 52

87 92

17 52
144 50

72 84
7 48

18 96
20 00

121 68
80 26
60 50

20 86
29 98
18 GO

23 76

14 88
110 58

21 04
286 90

39 10
361 34
291 52

623 82

416 36

80 66

47 10

86 42
14 88

29 64

27,926

8,028

6,871

942

80

314

203

6.163

856
1,646
4.000

7,861

1,236

497

16.532

993,290 $19,81178

558 62

160 56

117 43

18 84

1 60

628

404

123 26

17 12
80 90

80 00

157 02

24 72

994

330 64

6 60

11,826

1,324

8,1^

3,043

2,367

3,627

782

3,310

20,631

479

3,161

19,464

664

6.364

1.809
10.802

4,243
14.499

1.497
41.140
14,276

4,396
876

7,225

3,642
374
948
1,000
6.084
4.013
3,025

1,043
1,499

/»

1,188
744

6,529

1.062
14.2B6

1.966
18,067
14.676

26,191

20.768

4.033

2.365

4.321
744

1,177

997,066

236 52

26 48
103 70

60 88

47 14

72 64

15 64

66 20

412 62
9 58

63 22

389 28

U 28

107 28

86 18

216 04

84 86
289 98

29 94
822 80
285 52

87 92

17 62
141 60

72 84
7 48

18 96
20 00

121 68
80 28
60 50

20 86

29 98
18 60

23 76

14 88

110 58

21 04
286 90

39 10
861 34
291 62

62S 82

416 36

80 68

47 10

86 42
14 88

SS4
119. m 61

11

M

72

REPORT OF THE
1915.

Off. Doc.

1

at
O

u

i.
g

•

"S

1

"O o

o

ja

OS P

u

•a

o

O. —

County.

Township.

cres for
poses.

mount pai
purposes.

cres for g
poses.

ii

<

<

<

-«j

Adams, .
Adams. .
Adams. .

Bedford,
Bedford.
Bedford.

Cameron.
Cameron.
Cameron.
Cameron.
Cameron.
Cameron.

Centre, .

Centre, .

Centre. .

Centre. .

Centre. .

Centre. .

Centre. .

Centre. .

Centre, .

Centre. .

Centre. .

Centre. .

»••••••••••

»••••••••••

»••••••••••

Clearfield

Clearfield

Clearfield

Clearfield

Clearfield

Clearfield I Pike,

Franklin

Hamiltonban,
Menallen, ...

Colerain

Cumberland Valley,
Southampton,

Gibson

Grove,

Independent
Lumber, . . .
Portage, . . .
Shippen, . . .

District,

Clearfield.

C51earfleld.
Clearfield.

Clinton. .

Clinton. .

Clinton. .

Clinton. .

Clinton. .

Clinton. .

Clinton. .

Clinton. .

Clinton. .

Clinton. .

Clinton. ,

Clinton. :

Clinton. .

Clinton. .

Clinton. .

Clinton. .

Burnside, .
Curtln, . . .
Ferguson,

Gregg

Haines, ...
Harris, ...

Miles

Penn,

Potter

Rush,

Spring, ...
Walker, . .

Covington,
Girard, ..,
Goshen, ..
Huston,
Karthaus,

Cumberland.
Cumberland,
Cumberland,
Cumberland.
Cumberland,
Cumberland.
Cumberland,
Cumberland.

••••••

Dauphin.

Elk.
Elk.

Franklin,
Franklin.
Frnnklin.
FrankUn.
Franklin.
FrankUn.
FrankUn,
Franklin.
Franklin,
Franklin.

Pine (part of Lawrence for
school purposes).

Sandy,

Union,

Beech Creek, .

Castanea

Chapman, ....

Colebrook,

Crawford ,

East Keating,

Gallagher,

Green

Grugan,

Lamar

Leidy

Noyes

Pine Creek, ..

Wavne

West Keating,
Woodward

Cooke,

Dickinson. ..
Frankford, ..
Hopewell, . . .

Newton

Penn,

Southampton,
Upper Mifflin,

Jackson, .

Benezette,
Horton, ..

Fannett,

Grcone

Onllford

Hamilton, ...
Lettprkonny,

Metal

Poters

Qnincy

Southampton,
Washington,

11,128

$222 56

4,746

94 92

5,012

100 24

2,167

43 34

74a

14 98

7,102

142 04

26,049

520 98

30,097

601 94

15,241

304 82

2,463

49 26

6,997

139 94

20,980

419 60

2,453

49 06

925

IS 50

2,907

bS 14

14,414

288 28

10,407

208 14

7,999

159 96

4,244

• 84 88

7,598

151 96

3,038

60 76

1,957

.39 14

1,523

30 46

483

9 66

11,349

226 98

l,9ft4

39 28

8,491

169 82

7,138

142 76

1,930

38 60

15.216

304 32

610

12 20

230

4 60

15,739

314 78

60

1 20

24,648

492 96

721

14 42

l,r>Jf6

31 72

3,137

62 74

6,063

121 26

3,5<";3

71 06

10,314

206 2S

4.071

81 42

19,531

390 62

28,395

527 90

795

15 90

6.163

103 26

3,643

72 86

1,360

27 20

9,091

181 82

5.725

114 50

199

3 98

444

8 88

98

1 96

365

7 30

1,155

23 10

269

5 38

3,354

67 08

14,S>7

291 14

283

5 66

3,668

73 36

5,R49

116 9S

3,704

74 08

994

19 88

3,197

63 94

524

10 48

538

10 76

9.6'*4

192 48

3.573

71 46

2.239

44 78

11,128
4,746
6,012

2,167

749

7,102

20,487
23.489
12,170
15,241
2,463
6,997

20,960

2,453

925

2,907

14,414

10,407

7,999

4,244

7,598

3,038

1.957

1,523

483
11,349
1.964
8.491
7,138
1,930
15.Z16

$222 56

94 92

100 21

43 34

14 98

142 04

400 74

469 78

243 40

304 82

49 26

139 94

419 60

49 06

18 50

58 14

288 28

208 14

159 98

84 88

151 96

60 76

39 14

30 46

9 66

226 98

39 28

169 82

142 76

38 60

304 32

610

12 20

230

460

15.739

314 78

60

1 20

24.648

492 96

721

14 42

1,5?«

81 72

3,137

62 74

6,06,^

121 26

3.554'

71 06

10.314

206 28

4.071

81 42

19.531

390 62

26.305

627 90

795

15 90

6.163

103 26

8.643

72 86

1,860

27 20

9,091

181 82

199

8 98

444

888

366

fso

269

638

3,364

67 06

14.567

291 14

283

666

3,668

73 36

994

19 88

8,197

63 94

524

10 48

9,624

192 48

2,239

44 78

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

It

Pulton.
Fulton.

Huntingdon. Barree

Huntingdon. ^l^^^'

Cass,
Franklin,
Jack'ion,
Lincoln,

Huntingdon.
Huntingdon,
Huntingdon.
Huntingdon. r^^nn

Huntingdon, Logan

Huntingdon. ^]}ltU

Huntingdon. V> "

Huntingdon. Penn.

Huntingdon.
Huntingdon.
Huntingdon.
Huntingdon.
Huntingdon.
Huntingdon.

Porter,

Shirley,

Spruce

Todd, .

Union,

West,

Creek,

Juniata Mn?ord'

Juniata ' Murora,

Juniata

Lackawanna.

Tuscarora,
Lehigh, ..

Armstrong,
Brady, •••
Brown, ...
Clinton,

Lycoming

Lycoming.

Lycoming.

Lycoming -l J;,|,'^'aT House,

Lycoming Pnn"mlne«»

Lycoming rSe

Lycoming V^^i^ "

Lycoming. Vmo^tone"

Lycoming. ' Tnmostone.

Lycoming.

Lycoming I >jipponose

Lycom ng. pinnketts Creek,

Lycoming Washington

KS'S; •.".•.•.•■•■■•••I W.tson,

McHcnry,
Mclntyre,

Mifflin.
Mifflin.
Mifflin.
Mifflin.
Mifflin.
Mifflin.

Armagh, .

Bralton,

Brown,

Decatur,

Granville,

Monno, ..

Union,

Mifflin i^''-'

Mifflin Wayne,

Monroe.
Monroe.
Monroe,

Barrett, ■•••■■••••
Middle Smithfleld,
Price,

r,^„, * Jackson,

ii^"L .... Madison,

Perry,
Perry,
Perry,
Perry,

Pike.

N.

S.

E.
W.

Madison,

Toboyne

Tyrone

Blooming Grove,
Delaware

^JJ^ .. Dingman,

^J^^ Greene

\^Y^^ La'kawaxen,

lyYtZ *.'.'.*. Tubman. ...

Sh^ Mllford

Pike.
Pike,
Pike.
Pike.
Pike.

Palmyra,
Porter, .
Shohola,
Westfall,

Potter,
Potter.
Potter.

Potter.
Potter.
Potter.
Potter.

to Eula-

Abbott •

Austin Borough. ...

East Fork (attached
Ua for school purposes)

Eulalia,

Homer,

Keating

Portage

Potter Roulette

pJJJ^J* ,' Stewardson

2,940
295
2,609
4,189
26,100
2S6
4,123
2,562
168
613
1,150
3,577
221
1,002
1,068
5,746

1,961

109

1,U8

4,956

2.352
610
19,993
2,233
375
18,910
5,107
4,289
819
17,806
2,311
110
8,598
3,969
1,215

27.926

8,028

5,8n

912

80

314

202

6,163

856
1.545
4,000

7,851
1,236

497
16,557

330

11,826
1,324
5,186
3,043
2.3i>7
3,6i7

78?

3,310

21,462

479
8,161

19,464

564

6,364

1,809
10,S02

4.243
14,499

1,497
41.140

68 80
6 90
52 18
83 78
622 00
17 10
82 46
61 24

3 36
12 26
23 00
71 54

4 42

20 04

21 36
114 90

39 02
2 18

22 36

99 12

47 04

12 20

399 86

44 66

7 50
378 20
102 14

85 78

16 38
356 la

46 22

2 20

171 96

79 3?

24 30

558 62

160 56

117 42

18 84

1 60

6 28

4 04
123 26

17 12
30 90
80 00

167 02

24 72

9 94

331 14

6 60

236 52
26 4«

103 70

60 86

47 14

72 54

16 64

66 20

429 34

9 58

63 22

389 28

11 28

107 28

36 18
216 04

84 86
289 98

29 »4
822 80

2,940
295
2,609
4.189
26,100
866
4.123
2,562
168
613
1.150
3,677
221
1,002
1,068
5.746

1,951

109

1.118

4,956

2,^2
610
19,993
2,233
375
18,910
6,107
4,289
819
17,806
2,311
110
8,598
3,969
1,215

27,926

8,028

6,871

942

80

314

202

6,163

856
1.545
4.000

7,851
1.236

497
16,557

330

11,826
1,824
6.185
3,043
2,367
3,627
782
3.310
21,462
479
3,161

19 464

664

6.364

1,809
10.802

4,243
14,449

1.497
41.140

25 10
100 90

68 80

690

62 18

83 78

622 00

17 10

82 46

61 24
336

12 28

23 00

71 64
4 42

20 04

21 36
114 90

39 02
2 18

22 36

99 12

47 04

12 20

399 86

44 66

7 50

878 20

102 14

86 78

16 38
856 12

46 22

2 20

171 96

79 38

24 30

568 62

160 66

117 42

18 84

1 60

6 28

4 04

123 26

17 12
30 90
80 00

157 03

24 72

9 94

331 14

6 60

236 62
26 48

103 70
60 86
47 14
72 64
16 64
66 30
429 24
968
63 22

389 28

11 28

107 28

36 18
216 04

84 86
289 98

29 94
822 80

74

Potter.
Potter.
Potter.
Potter.

Snyder,
Snyder,
Snyder,
Snyder,
Spyder,
Snyder,
Snyder,

Somerset.
Somerset.
Somerset.

Tioga.
Tioga,
Tioga,
Tioga.
Tioga,
Tioira,
Tioga.
Tioga,

Union.
Union.
Union.
Union.

Westmoreland, ..
Westmoreland. ..

Wyoming, .
Total,

REPORT OF THE

Off. Dot

(. — ' ■ ' ■ "

0

g

u

•

a

u

Ck

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Township.

ores for
poses.

mount pai
purposes.

ores for s
poses.

II

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<

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Summit,

Sylvania,

West Branch,
Wharton, . . . .

Adams

Centre,

Franklin, . . .

Perry,

Spring,

West Beaver,
West Perry,

.Tefferson,
Jenner, .
Lincoln,

Chatham,
Clymer,
Delmar,
Duncan,
Ellc

Middlebury,
Morris, —
Shippen, . .

Hartley,

Lewis,

West Buffalo,
White Deer, .

Cock, . .
Ligonier,

Eaton,

14,276

4,396

876

7,225

3,642
374
948
l.OOO
6,0S4
4,013
3,026

1,043

1,499
925

1,188
744

5,&39

1,062
14,295

1.955
18,067
14,576

26,520

20,768

4,033

2,355

4.321
744

1,177

999,170

285. 52

87 92

17 52

144 50

72 84

7 48

18 96

20 00

121 68

a) 26

60 50

20 86

29 98

18 50

23 76

14 88

110 58

21 04

2S5 90

39 10

361 34

291 52

K0 40

415 36

80 66

47 10

86 42

14 88

23 54

$19,983 40

•$.>4.19 deducted for overpayment of taxes on warrants 5020 and 5027.
t|143.69 deducted for overpayment of taxes on warrants 5020 and 5027.

14.276

4,396

876

7,226

3,643
374
948
1,000
6.0M
4.013
3,025

1.043

1.499

925

1,188
744

6,529

1.052
14,295

1,956
18,067
14,576

26,520

20.768

4.033

2,^

4,321
744

1.177

999,170

285 52
87 92

17 52
144 60

72 84
7 48

18 96
20 00

121 68
80 26
60 50

20 86
29 98
18 50

28 76

14 88

110 58

21 04

286 90
39 10

361 34
291 62

630 40

415 36

80 66

47 10

86 42

14 88

23 64

119.988 40

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

75

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LAND GRANT APPLICATIONS.

Under provisions of the act of May 3, 1909, P. L. 413, the Secretary
of Internal Affairs from time to time referred to the Department ap-
plications made by individuals for warrants to survey vacant lands.
The following were received during the period covered by this report:

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76

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc,

DEPARTMENT LEASES.

Federal Refractories Co.

During the years 1914 and 1915 the Department received the fol-
lowing revenues from the outstanding lease for the removal of ganister
rock with the above company, dated Dec. 18, 1903.

1914.

tons at 5|c per ton,

January, 959-239/'448

February, 722-87/224

March, 1061-33/112

April, 1276-53/112

May, 1331-111/224

June, 1169-13/28

July, 914-179/224

August, 1092-325/448

September, 1169-57/112

October, 1458-43/224

November, 1110-5/56

December, 1073-89/112

(Typographical error in total, 1905-06 report).
Wood removed,

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Total,

1915.

January, 168-51/56

February, 1303-3/224

March, 1648-37/56

April, 1315-87/112

May, 1277-107/224

June, 1340-25/112

July, 1334-43/224

August, 1594-17/112

September, 1543-29/112

October, 1747-445/448

November, 1784-215/224

December, 1569-17/112

tons at 5ic per ton.

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$52 77

39 73

58 37
70 21
73 23
64 32
50 31

60 10
64 32
80 20

61 05

59 06

40 00
20 42

?794 09

19 35

71 67
90 68

72 31
70 26

73 71
73 38
87 68
84 88
96 14
98 23
86 30

Total, ?914 59

Total for two years, |1,708 68

y^ 28. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. ^

The value to the Commonwealth of this lease is shown as of Decern-
ber 31 1915, by the following statement of account:
To purchase price of land, 1,087 acres, 69 perches, at ^^^ ^^

12.75 per acre, ' 832 99

Interest to above date, 1"u"'a'11 k99 91

Fixed charges for road and school purposes to above date, 5JJ ^4

^ , , ?4,345 67

Total, ^ '

Royalties received, previously reported, . . . . |8,382 68
Royalties received during the years, 1914-15, 1,708 b8

Total receipts to December 31, 1915, ........ ?10,091 36

Total expenditures and charges to December 31, 1915, 4,345 67

Excess of receipts over expenditures, ^^^'^^^ ^^

The above statement shows that the Commonwealth has received
from this lease an excess of |5,745.69 over all its expenditures, which
is equivalent to a return of 232.21 per cent, on the investment to
December 31, 1915.

The Federal Refractories Company Lease No. 2.
A second lease to the above company dated December 22, 1909 for
3 542 acres in Logan and West townships, Huntingdon county, for a
similar purpose, the removal of ganister rock, has not been operated
under By action of the Forestry Commission had on July 2, 1915,
the time for beginning the removal of rock under this lease has been
extended to December 14, 1916.

SHIPPENSBURG BOROUGH WATER LEASE.

By lease dated January 13, 1915, a right to construct maintain,
and operate a line of pipe through the State Forest for the purpose
of conveying water therefrom for borough purposes, was granted to
the Borough of Shippensburg. The impounding dam i« located on
the Caledonia Forest in the South Mountain, southeast of the borough,
and the water is derived from Furnace Run, Southampton township,

78

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

Cumberland county. The pipe line is constructed and the reservoir
built. The borough is now enjoying an augmented water supply from
the above source. The lease expressly stipulates that water shall be
limited first to family or domestic use. The borough agrees to pay
for the above privilege an annual sum which shall be equal to one-
fourth of one per cent, of the gross receipts derived from the sale
of water. The period of the agreement is 30 years from the date of

the lease.

For the year 1915 a statement of revenues is as follows:

Gross receipts from water rents for 1915, f 11,051 95

Amount due the Department of Forestry, one-fourth of

one per cent., 27 63

MONT ALTO BOROUGH WATER LEASE.

An agreement was entered into with the Borough of Mont Alto
bearing date June 18, 1914, permitting the borough, under the act
of April 14, 1905, P. L. 156, to construct, maintain, and operate line?
of pipe through the State Forests for the purpose of conveying water
therefrom, and to have the use of such water for borough purposes.
The borough has not yet completed its pipe line and no water has
been taken from the State Forest, consequently no revenue has ac-
crued to the Department.

SOUTH RENOVO BOROUGH WATER LEASE.

This lease, previously reported upon, is dated August 28, 1906,
and runs for a period of twenty years.

By action of the Forestry Commission and supplemental agreement
entered into, the amount of royalty to be paid by the borough for
the use of water is changed from the old method of charging 25
cents per house and 1 cent per thousand gallons for outside use, to
a definite rate of one-half of one per cent, of the gross receipts.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

7»

For the year 1914 gross receipts for water amounted to, |2,749 00
Amount due the Department of Forestry, one-half of one

per cent.,

13 75

For 1915 gross receipts amount to, • • *>>*>"°

Amount due the Department, on^half of one per cent, lb 54

Both the above amounts, totaling $30.29, are paid and were de-
posited in the State Treasury.

THE CHAMBERSBURG WATER LEASE.

This lease, dated November 7, 1910, provides for the use of water
from the State Forest for the borough of Chambersburg. The bor-
ough pays to the Department a royalty of one-half of one per cent,
of the gross water receipts for the use of the water. ^

Total receipts previously reported from the above lease, 1296 46

. Statement for 1914:

Flat water rents, 141 21 85

Metered water rents, '

Delinquent water rents, '

Total borough revenue for 1914 upon

which charge is to be calculated, $28,855 4&

Charge at the rate of one-half of one per cent.,

Statement for 1915: ^^^ ^^

Flat water rents, ifi 349 97

Metered water rents, '

Delinquent water rents, '

Total revenue for 1915 upon which

charge is to be calculated, 131,102 59

Charge at the rate of one-half of one per cent. ^^^ °^

Total recefpts received by the Department from
the above lease to December 31, 1915, f 596 25

6

80

REPORT OF THE

Off. I>oc.

No. 28.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

81

THE THOMAS CRONIN COMPANY.

The above lease, bearing date March 25, 1912, was executed for
the purpose of permitting the Thomas Cronin Company of Pittsburgh
to remove blue stone from a quarry within the Stuart State Forest
near Ligonier, Westmoreland county. The royalty paid by the lessee
is at the rate of 16 cents per ton of 2,240 pounds. The leased area
is a tract upon the side of the mountain 300 feet in depth and 500
feet in length measured on a level with the tracks of the Pittsburgh,
Westmoreland, and Somerset railroad, adjacent to the right of way
of which company the leased quarry is located. The area of the
quarry is 3.44 acres, and was purchased along with the remainder
of the forest, totaling 8,532 acres, at $5.00 per acre in 1908. The
price, therefore, paid for the quarry area amounts to $17.20.

Revenue previously received from the above lease amounts to
?1,262.56.

Revenues for 1914.

January, 185.53 tons at 16c per ton, ?29 68

February, ....180.13 " " " 28 82
March, (no stone removed).

April, 778.62 " " " 124 58

May, 406.52 " '' " 65 04

June, 642.72 " " " 102 83

July, 1191.7 " " " 190 67

August, 570.625 " " " 91 30

September, ...485.8 « '' " 77 73

October, 542.72 " " " 86 83

November, .... 40.8 " " . " ^ ^^
December, (no stone removed).

Total, ?80401

Revenues for 1915.

January, (no stone removed).

February, . . . 83.928 tons at 16c per to», f 13 43

March, 175.893 " . " " 28 14

April, 183.705 " " " 29 39

May, 229.196 " " " 36 67

June, 269.95 " " " ^3 19

July, 822.634 " " " 131 62

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56 74

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109 80

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254 90

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61 60

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13 15

August, 354.643

September, . . 686.25

October, 1593.17

November, . . . 385.
December, . . . 82.188

Total, *'^'^^ ^^

Total revenue for the two years covered

by this report, $1,582 64

The Stuart Forest, located in Westmoreland and Somerset coun-
ties, containing the area hereinbefore stated, cost the Common-
wealth for purchase money, $42,662 81

Interest thereon at 2% from purchase to De-
cember 31, 1915, 5,972 79

Fixed charges for road and school purposes

to December 31, 1915, 2,218 32

Salaries of foresters and rangers to above
date, including amount expended for labor,
incidental expenses, and surveys, 15,717 77

Total cost of the Stuart Forest to De-
cember 31, 1915, $66,571 69

Showing a net return on the total investment of 4.27%.

The above lease has 11 years and 5 months additional to run.

COLUMBIA FLINT COMPANY LEASE.

On the 17th day of September, 1915, a lease for the sale and re-
moval of flint rock, to be found within certain portions of the Pine
Grove Forest in Cooke township, Cumberland county, and Menallen
township, Adams county, was made with the Columbia Flint Com-
pany of Aspers, Adams county, after due advertisement made in
accordance with the law respecting the sale of valuable minerals.
All such rock removed shall be paid for at the rate of 12^ cents per
ton of 2,240 pounds, and the lease is to run for a period of 10 years
from the date thereof. The minimum quantity of rock to be re-

6—26—1916

u

82

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc

moved is fixed at 2,000 tons per year. The contract is accompanied
by a surety bond in the sum of ?1,000. To date the revenue from this
lease is as follows:

September
October, .

November,

December,

■.v.\

1915.

334.9 tons at 12^ per ton,

65.04 " " "

224.54 "

u

a

|41 86

8 13

28 07

Total, • • • ?'^^ ^^

THE SANDUSKY PORTLAND CEMENT CO.

The extension of lease to the above company which was operating
within the Pine Grove Forest in Cumberland county at the date of
purchase by the Department, runs to June 1, 1922, or so long as a
suitable supply of clay may be obtained. This company pays a royalty
to the Department of 25 cents per ton of 2,000 pounds, railroad
weight, with a fixed minimum royalty of ?600.00 per year reserved

by the lease.

Royalties previously reported from above lease, f 130 48

Revenues for 1914.

January, (no clay removed).
February, (no clay removed).

March 707.2295 tons at 25c per ton, J176.81

April' 481.192 " « '' 120 30

May 771.608 " " " 192 90

June, 978.2 " " " 244 55

July, 661.89 " " " . 1^5 47

• August, 127.55 " " " 3189

September, ...600.065 " « " 150 02

October....... 611.322 " " « 152 83

November, ...426.737 " " " 106 68

December, . . . 96.894 " " " ^^ ^^

Total, *^J^^^ ^'^

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

Revenue for 1915.

13

(C

u
it

January, (No clay removed)

February,

March,

April, 650.889 tons at 25c per ton.

May, 837.911

June, 812.187

July, 757.727

August, 504.636

September, 743.728

October, 362.084

November, 306.635

December, 255.5

u
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f 162 72

209 4S

203 05

189 43

126 16

185 93

90 52

76 66

63 88

Total, ?1,307 83

Total revenue to December 31, 1915, 2,803 98

THE UNITED ICE AND COAL COMPANY.

A lease with this company was also acquired with the purchase ol
land from the South Mountain Mining and Iron Company. Under
it a privilege is conferred upon the United Ice and Coal Co. to remove
ice from Laurel dam within the Pine Grove Forest. The company
agrees thereunder to pay the Department a royalty of 5c a ton for
all ice shipped away from the dam, and requires payment of royalty
upon a minimum amount of 5,000 tons. What is known as the ice
year extends from May 1st to the succeeding April 30th.

No royalty accrued to the Department prior to 1914. A statement
for the period covered by this report, is as follows:

January,

February,

March,
April,
May,
June,

1914.

3,285 tons at 5c per ton, J164 25

263

U i(

M

167 05

I

I

81

REPORT OF THE

Off Doc.

No. 28.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

July,

August, . . .
September,
October, . .

> 6,T49,

214 tons at 5c per ton, 337 46

Total,

January, .

February,
March, . .

1668 76

1915.
3,167.514 tons at 5c per ton,

|158 37

1,512

(( a

ik

75 60

April,

May to October 1 g^Qg
inclusive, j

u

16 03

Total, ....
Total to date.

$250 00
$918 76

The ice houses of the United Ice and Coal Company at Laurel Dam
were burned during the great forest fire which ravaged the Pine
Grove Forest in the latter part of March, 1915. They have not yet
been rebuilt. The Department is not advised whether the lessee

intends to rebuild.

In addition to the revenues derived from the foregoing leases,
considerable moneys have been received from the sale of dead timber
and rentals of camp sites on the Pine Grove Fores These will be
reported npon elsewhere. A statement of the relation of the three
foregoing leases to the original cost and administrative cost of this

forest may be of interest.
The' Pine Grove Forest contains an area of 18,105 acres, 68 Per*«^«^

The purchase price was, • • • • * '

Amount paid in fixed charges for road and school pur-

poses to December 31, 1915, • ; • • • • • 1^^«

The cost of administration to December 31, 1915, includ-
ing salaries of regular employes, and the amount ex-
pended for labor, incidentals, surveys, repairs to build-
ings, new construction, and removal of old buildings, 23,043 07

Total cost of the Pine Grove Forest, ^M^T 00

Kevenue derived from the above three leases for the years

1914 and 1915, ^,800 80

Showing to date a net return on the total investment of 4.02%

from these three collateral undertakings.

E. L. LOVE FLAGSTONE LEASE.

On the 14th day of December, 1914, the Department entered into a
lease with E. L. Love, of Waterville, Lycoming county, for the pur-
pose of quarrying and removing flagstone and curbing on the south-
ern portion of the Israel Pleasant warrant in Cummings township,
said county, the proposed lease having been duly advertised in ac-
cordance with the law governing sale of valuable minerals. Mr.
Love was the highest bidder for the right and the lease was awarded
to him by the Forestry Commission October 2, 1914, at the amount
of his bid. The term of the lease so granted is 10 years. The lessee
has filed a bond in the sum of |500.00 and agrees to protect the
forest from damage and prevent and extinguish forest fires. To date
no revenue has been derived under this lease.

SPRUCE CREEK BALLAST LEASE.

By agreement bearing date the 11th day of October, 1915, the De-
partment leased to A. A. Stevens, of Tyrone, Blair county, the right
to purchase and remove certain rock suitable for railroad ballast
located on the Ann Brown tract in the State Forest in Spruce Creek
and Morris townships, Huntingdon county, the proposed lease hav-
ing been duly advertised according to the law governing the sale of
valuable minerals. Mr. Stevens' bid of 5c per ton of 2,240 pounds
railroad weight, was the best among those received, and the lease
was duly awarded him by the Forestry Commission, August 6, 1915,
for a period of 20 years from date of lease. The lessee is required to
observe the usual precautions with respect to fire and damage to
State land, and has filed a bond with corporate security, duly ap-
proved by the court, in the sum of ?3,000. To date no revenue has
been received under this lease.

86

REPORT OF THE

Off. EKxj.

LEASES FOR THE OCCUPANCY OF BUILDINGS.

I!

Where the Department is the owner of buildings within the State
Forests, it is its policy to have them tenanted. To this end an effort
is made to have State employes occupy such State buildings as far as
possible. In case of employes, only nominal rental is reserved, the
tenancies thus created being at will only, with the right reserved to
the Department to have possession immediately should occasion

anse

Where other than State employes occupy such buildings a reason-
able monthly rental is reserved, which becomes a part of the State
revenue Under the new form of agreement now employed in the
case of such tenancies, it is possible to omit the usual annual three

months quit notice.
The following represent the tenancies at the date of this report:

1914.
Pine Grove Forest.

March 12, contract No. 154, Mrs. Kate Barbour, lessee of what is
known as the Barbour house or the boarding house. Term two
years from April 1, 1914, with privilege of election to continue for
three additional years. Rental ?8.00 per month. The privilege in-
eludes approximately 2 acres of cultivable land. •■

March 12, contract No. 155, agreement with Oscar Barbour for the
occupancy of the Laurel Farm near Pine Grove. Term two years
from April 1, 1914, rental nominal, but the lessee to keep the prem-
ises in repair, cultivate and fertilize the land. House destroyed by
fire in the great forest fire which swept over this forest the latter part

of March, 1915. ,. i tt i-. v.

March 12, contract No. 156, an agreement with Charles H. Cobean,
of Gettysburg, to occupy the old store room. The lessee repaired
and improved the premises so as to make them suitable for the pur-
nose He expended a large sum of money in this respect The
term was 5 years from April 1, 1914, with privilege of renewal for a
like term. Rental 1^2.00 per month for the first two years of the
term and |5.00 per month for the remaining three. The lessee also has
the privilege of stabling his horse and storage room for wagons. A
fire of unknown origin destroyed the store building and its contents
on October 3, 1915. Mr. Cobean's business was destroyed and he
removed from the premises. With the consent of the Department
the lease was cancelled.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

87

April 1, contract No. 223, Frank ^Griffey, for the occupancy of a

house.

March 31, contract No. 224, John Hockley, for the occupancy of a

house.
March 31, contract No. 225, John Warren, for the occupancy of a

house.

April 1, contract No. 226, Joseph Barbour, for the occupancy of a

house.

March 31, contract No. 227, Harvey Hockley, for the occupancy of

a house.

March 31, contract No. 228, T. Hyle, for the occupancy of a house.
April 1, contract No. 229, Howard Wiley, for the occupancy of a

house.

March 31, contract No. 230, J. E. Grimes, for the occupancy of a

house.

April 1. contract No. 231, Fred Kuhn, for the occupancy of a

house.

March 19, contract No. 232, Joseph Fuller, for the occupany of a
house at Laurel Forge. The house occupied by Mr. Fuller was de-
stroyed by fire in the great forest fire which swept over the Pine
Grove forest the latter part of March, 1915.

March 24, contract No. 233, B. D. Hinckle, of Aspers, for the
occupancy of a house in Menallen township, Adams county. Annual

rental |5.00.

March 31, contract No. 234, Maggie C. Weiser, for the occupancy

of a house, rental fl.OO per month.

March 31, contract No. 235, Anna McElwee, for the occupancy of
a house, monthly rental $2.00.

March 31, contract No. 236, Henry Slusser, for the occupancy of

a house, monthly rental ?2.50.

April 1, contract No. 237, A. W. Wenk, for the occupancy of a

house, monthly rental |2.00.

March 31, contract No. 238, David Hockley, for the occupancy of

a house, monthly rental $2.50.

April 1, contract No. 239, George Bohn, Sr., for the occupancy of a

house, monthly rental $2.00.
July 17, contract No. 240, Clara Bailey, for the occupancy of a

house, monthly rental $5.00.

December 10, centract No. 170, John Nelson, .for the occupancy
of the forest house at Bloody Spring, Clearfield county.

December 10, contract No. 171, Henry Rolloson, for the occupancy
of the forest house in Westfall township, Pike county.

December 10, contract No. 173, R. K. Merrill, to occupy the forest
house in the Whetham Forest, Clinton county.

in

88

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

|i

December 10, contract No. 174, Wm. F. McKinney, Potters Mills,
for the use of the forest house on the Seven Mountain Forest, Centre

county.

December 10, contract No. 175, John L. Witherow, for the occu-
pancy of the forest house on the McClure Forest.

December 10, contract No. 176, J. V. Carlin, of Fort Loudon, for
the occupancy of a forest house in the Buchanan State Forest at
Collins Gap, Fulton county.

December 10, contract No. 177, Chas. E. Zerby, for the occupancy
of a forest house in the Medix Forest, Elk county.

December 10, contract No. 178, Ferdinand Frank, of Edgemere,
for the occupancy of a forest house in the Minisink Forest.

December 10, contract No. 179, Edgar Wilson, for the occupancy of
a forest house in the Promised Land Forest, Pike county. This
lease was terminated in 1915, by the removal of the lessee.

December 10, contract No. 180, W. H. Harpster, of Charter Oak,
for the occupancy of a house in the Bear Meadows Forest, known

as the Whipple Farm.

December 10, contract No. 181, W. R. Hoover, of Pleasant Gap,
for the occupancy of a house in the Nittany Forest, Greens Valley.

December 10, contract No. 182, W. L. Kauffman, of Thornhurst,
for the occupancy of a forest house in the Lackawanna Forest.

December 10, contract No. 183, S. H. Lebo, of Lucullus, for the
occupancy of a forest house in the Pine Forest.

Greenwod Forest.

December 10, contract No. 184, Frank A. Gibboney, for the occu-
pancy of a forest house at Saeger Farm. This lease was terminated
in 1915. The lessee removed therefrom.

December 10, contract No. 185, Free Conklin, for the occupancy
of a forest house at Greenwood.

December 10, contract No. 186, John Monsell, for the occupancy
of a forest house at Barrville.

December 10, contract No. 187, G. Edward Ross, for the occu-
pancy of a forest house at Greenwood.

December 10, contract No. 188, Mrs. Henry Monsell, for the occu-
pancy of a forest house at Greenwood.

December 10, contract No. 189, Tom O. Bietsch, for the occupancy
of a forest house at Greenwood.

December 10, contract No. 190, with Mrs. Margaret Bookhamer,
for the occupancy of a forest house at Ore Bank Springs.

No. 28.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

89

December 10, contract No. 192, John L. Strobeck, of Cresco, near
Analomink, to occupy a forest house on the Pocono Forest.

December 10, contract No. 193, F. P. Sundy, to occupy a forest
house in Henry Valley, Penny packer Forest.

December 10, contract No. 194, Leroy Koontz, to occupy a forest
house near New Germantown, Pennypacker Forest.

December 10, contract No. 195, Levi Hoover, to occupy a forest
house near New Germantown, Pennypacker Forest. Mr. Hoover is
not an employe of the State but occupies the premises solely as

care taker.

December 10, contract No. 196, Toboyne township. Perry county.
School Board, for the occupancy of one room in a house on the Min-
erva McQuay tract in the Pennypacker Forest near Monterey, at a
rental of |1.25 per month.

Ole Bull Forest.

December 10, contract No. 197, Milton Keeney, to occupy the forest

house at Oleona.

December 10, contract No. 198, Harry VanCleve, to occupy a forest

house at Abbott.

December 10, contract No. 199, Thomas H. Golden, to occupy a

forest house a Crossfork.

Rothrock Forest.

February 28, contract No. 200, A. G. Frankenberry, to occupy a
forest house in West Licking Creek Valley. This lease terminated
December 1, 1915, when the same form of contract was entered into
with J. P. Crider, of Mount Union. The rental in each case is $1.00

per month.

December 10, contract No. 201, A. W. Bodine, to occupy a forest

house near Newton Hamilton.

December 10, contract No. 202, H. A. Oppel, of Wistie, to occupy
a forest house in Black Log Valley.

Caledonia Forest.

December 10, contract No. 203, Harry B. Perry, to occupy a forest

house at Caledonia.

December 10, contract No. 204, Robert G. Conklin, to occupy a

forest house at Caledonia.

December 10, contract No. 205, James W. McElwee, to occupy a

forest house on the Big Flat.

December 10, contract No. 207, Homer S. Metzger, to occupy a
forest house at Carroll, Tea Spring Forest.

December 10, contract No. 208, J. W. Welshans, to occupy a forest

house at Tea Spring.

Black Forest.

December 10, contract No. 209, C. B. Love, to occupy a forest
house at the Pump Station.

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REPORT OF THE

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IB

December 10, contract No. 210, C. D. Will, to occupy a forest hoase

at the Pump Station. . x

December 10, contract No. 211, Robert R. Neefe, to occupy a forest

house at the Pump Station.

Mont Alto Forest.
December 10, contract No. 212, John S. Shaffer, to occupy a forest

house at Pond Bank.
December 10, contract No. 213, Harry McCrea, to occupy a forest

house at Mont Alto.

December 10, contract No. 214, George A. Retan, to occupy a forest

house at Mont Alto.

December 10, contract No. 215, J. S. Ulick, to occupy a forest

house at Mont Alto.

December 10, contract No. 216, E. A. Ziegler, to occupy a forest

house at Mont Alto.

December 10, contract No. 217, B. J. Gutknecht, to occupy a

forest house at Mont Alto.

December 10, contract No. 218, Lewis E. Staley, to occupy a forest

house at Mont Alto.

Kishacoquillas Forest.

December 10, contract No. 219, T. L. Swartzell, Treaster Valley.
This lease terminated December 1, 1915, when Mr. Swartzell left the
service and removed from the premises. He was succeeded by Clay
W Bigelow, who took possession December 20th.

December 10, contract No. 220, H. J. Dean, to occupy a forest
house in Lancaster Yalley.

Hopkins Forest.

December 15, contract No. 221, Amanda Wilson, for the occupancy
of a forest house at the mouth of Burns Bun. Miss Wilson occupies
these premises solely as care taker. . ^.

December 10, contract No. 222, Howard P. Seese, for the occu-
pancy of a house at State Camp.

1915.

January 2, contract No. 191, Jacob Miller, of Hunters Range, to
occupy a forest house at the Whitaker Place in the Pocono Forest^

March 23, contract No. 206, Mary H. Withers, to occupy the
Graeffenburg Inn in the Caledonia Forest. Monthly rental f25.00.

January 1 contract No. 241, John McCauslin, to occupy a house
on the Pine Grove Forest, monthly rental |2.50.

April 1, contract No. 242, George Martin, to occupy a ho^^e on the
Pine GroU Forest known as the Rupp place, monthly rental fS.OO.

No. 28.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

91

October 23, 1915, contract No. 253, a lease made by Adam B. Rieser,
of Reading, to the Department, for two rooms on the second floor
of the building situate at 616 Washington street, Reading, for the
use of the District Forester for Berks county. Monthly rental

$15.00.

September 15, 1914, contract No. 164, an agreement to employ
William H. Eyster, of Sunbury, as instructor at the State Forest
Academy, with the privilege to Mr. Eyster to occupy suitable quar-
ters at the Academy as part consideration for the service to be ren-
dered in teaching.

TIMBER SALES.

From time to time the Department, under authority of law, makes
contracts for the cutting and removal of undesirable trees, and oc-
casionally for such as have reached maturity or their highest finan-
cial value. Material so removed has consisted to the present, largely
of dead and down wood, crooked, undesirable trees, or trees of un-
desirable species. The work done under these timber cutting con-
tracts, is supervised by the forester in charge of the forest and sub-
ject to his approval. Considerable revenue is being derived from
this source. It is paid direcUy into the treasury upon receipt at
the Department.

1914.

January 26, contract No. 149. Francis M. Clinton, of Couders-
port, Potter county, purchased and removed timber at the head-
waters of Stony Lick Run and along the Falls Branch in Summit
township, paying at the rate of J3.50 per thousand feet mill scale.
The contract has been completed and the operation netted the State

a revenue of |210.83. ; .

March 2, contract No. 152. E. H. Zimmerman & Son, of Millheim,
Centre county, contracted to cut upon the State land and deliver to
the Department, certain dimension material needed for use within
the State Forest. The price to be paid to the contractor is |13.00

per thousand feet. .

March 2, contract No. 153. E. H. Zimmerman & Son, of Millheim,
Centre county, purchased from the Department certain timber in the
State Forest near Nevels on the Whitmer lands. It included the

92

llI>t>OM Ot Tfifi

Oft. t>oc.

fl

overmature, defective, dead and down trees upon the tract. Careful
lumbering and lopping of the tops were required. The contractor
paid ?5.00 per thousand feet for hemlock, white pine, basswood, and
poplar; $4.00 for oak, chestnut, and yellow pine; $1.00 per ton for
bark ; fl.OO per ton for mine props ; 10c each for railroad ties. A
bond in the sum of |1,000 was furnished with the contract, which is

not yet completed. . . i

By supplemental contract bearing date October 2, the original
agreement was extended to permit the contractors to purchase and
remove approximately 20,000 feet from an adjoining tract at the
same prices for the same kind of material. Both contracts will ter-
minate March 2, 1917. To date the revenue derived by the Depart-
ment is $52.18.

May 23, contract No. 158. The Smith Lumber Company, of How-
ard, Centre county, purchased approximately 500,000 feet of wood
within the Rothrock Forest in Mifflin county. The prices to be paid
are |5 00 per thousand for rock oak and white oak ; $4.00 for other
oaks and white pine; $3.50 for yellow pine; $3.00 for tulip; $1.00
for chestnut; rock oak and white oak ties 20c each; chestnut and
other oaks, 10c each. Careful lumbering and lopping of tops are
required. The contractor furnished surety bond in the sum of
$1 000 To date this contract has yielded in revenue $1,652.33.

July 8, contract No. 162. Daniel Gamble, of. Cedar Run, Lycom-
ing county, purchased the dead, down, crooked and otherwise unde-
sirable timber on the Gates Wilcox warrant of 106 acres, paying
$1 00 per ton for prop timber and 10c for railroad ties. The lopping
of tops and careful lumbering were required. The contractor fur-
nishes a bond in the sum of $500.00. Contract to date has yielded

no returns. ^ xt •

December 16, contract No. 168. John Sweigert, of Mount Union,
Huntingdon county, purchased extract wood from the Rothrock
Forest at 20c per cord. The usual conditions with respect to lop-
ping of tops and forest fire are imposed. The contractor furnished
bond in the sum of $100.00. To date this contract has yielded $3.38.
December 30, contract No. 169. L. D. Gifford, of Newton Hamil-
ton, purchased extract wood from the Rothrock Forest, paying there-
for'20c per cord. The usual conditions with respect to lopping of
tops and forest fires are imposed. Contractor furnishes bond in the
sum of $100. To date this contract has yielded $13.02.

1915.

January 2, contract No. 243. James A. Lockwood, of Austin,
purchased from the Department beech, birch and maple timber on
Lookout Mountain, and cut the same into dimension material for the

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

08

use of the Bayless Paper Manufacturing Corporation. The Bayless
Company agrees to pay $18.00 per thousand for acceptable material
delivered to it, $10.00 per thousand for the contractor and $8.00 per
thousand for the Department. Rejected material to be charged at
the rate of $6.50 per thousand. All defective logs and tops are to
be worked into stove wood, the Department to receive 40c per cord.
The usual conditions respecting forest fire and lopping of tops are
imposed. Contractor furnished a bond in the sum of $300.00. No
returns have been received to date from this contract.

January 2, contract No. 244. This agreement is explanatory and
confirmatory of the preceding contract with James A. Lockwood,
securing to the contractor the $10.00 per thousand feet he shall re-
ceive for delivering dimension material to the Bayless Paper Manu-
facturing corporation.

February 2, contract No. 245. The Bayless Paper Manufacturing
Corporation confirms to the Department and to James A. Lockwood
the conditions and stipulations contained in the two foregoing con-

tractw

September 30, contract No. 247. Charles Bilger, of Bellefonte,
has purchased certain timber on the Greens Valley tract. The
timber is of various sizes and species and it is necessary to be
removed in order to promote uniform growth. The prices to be paid
are $3.00 per thousand for sawed lumber; 8c to 18c for railroad ties
according to species and quality ; pulp wood 50c and 75c per cord ;
chemical wood 25c per cord ; cord wood 12ic, fence posts l^c ; bark
$1 50 per ton; telephone poles 50c to $1.25, according to length. The
contractor has filed a surety bond in the sum of $300.00. This con-
tract to date has yielded $158.38.

October 30, contract No. 256. Arthur Love, of Waterville, Lycom-
ing county, has contracted to purchase and remove birch brush from
certain warrants in the State forest along Trout Run road from
Cammal to the Coudersport Pike. The contractor's purpose is to
distill birch oil, and will pay for the material 50c per still of 216
cubic feet. Careful lumbering is required and protection against
forest fires. Contractor has filed a bond in the sum of $300.00. No
returns have as vet been received from this contract.

November 19, contract No. 258. Moses Liegey, of Odessa, Clear-
field county, has purchased certain dead, down and overmature
hemlock and pine in the State forest an warrants 5325 and 5328,
Goshen and Girard townships, Clearfield county, and agrees to pay
therefor $1.50 per thousand feet mill cut. The usual conditions with
respect to lumbering are imposed. Contract is to expire April 1,
1916. All trees shall first be marked by the forester in charge. To
date no returns have been received from this contract.

PI

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REPORT OF THE

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November 19, contract No. 259. Alfred Krise, of Odessa, Clearfield
county, has contracted to purchase and remove certain dead, down
and overmature hemlock and pine timber on warrant 5322 and 5325,
Goshen township, Clearfield county. The usual precautions against
forest fire and wasteful lumbering are to be observed. All trees shall
first be marked by the forester. The contract is to expire April 1,
1916. Returns to date from this contract, $6.30.

December 1, contract No. 260. Nevin Love, Mount Union, has
agreed to purchase and remove certain wood from the Rothrock
forest suitable for extract wood and railroad ties, agreeing to pay
25c per cord for extract wood and 10c for ties of chestnut, red oak,
and black oak, and 20c for white oak, rock oak, and locust. The
lopping of branches shall proceed with the cutting, and the usual
precautions against forest fires must be taken. The contractor has
furnished a bond in the sum of $100. Contract will expire one year
from date. To date this contract has yielded no returns.

December 16, contract No. 261. John Sweigart, Mount Union,
agrees to purchase and remove certain wood suitable for extract
wood and railroad ties in the Rothrock forest. He agrees to pay 25c
per cord for extract wood and 10c for ties of chestnut, red oak and
black oak, and 20c for white oak, rock oak, and locust. The lopping
of tops shall proceed with the cutting, and the usual precautions
shall be observed with respect to forest fire and wasteful lumbering.
Contract is to expire one year from date. A bond in the sum of
?100 is furnished. To date this contract has yielded no returns.

RIGHTS OF WAY.

On June 5, 1914, an agreement was entered into with C. D. Raker,
of North Bend, Clinton county, for a right of way for a distance of
2i miles over certain roads on State land near North Bend. The
lessee agrees to rebuild the roads and keep them in good order and
repair and leave them in this condition when he shall have finished
his hauling. He likewise agrees that he will assist in extinguishing
forest fires in the immediate neighborhood should any occur. A
personal bond in the sum of ?300.00 accompanies the agreement.

On June 6, 1914, in consideration of an annual rental of $50.00, a
right of way was granted to the Central Pennsylvania Lumber
Company over State land in warrants Nos. 2647, 2648 and 2650, in
Elk township, Tioga county, and to run for a period of four years.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

OS

No. 26.

The lessee agrees to prevent and extinguish forest fires, and to pro-
tect State lauds from damage.

On June 17 1914, agreements were entered into with Henry Knott-
singer and W. H. Knoffsinger, of Centre county, permitting the
Department to have a right of way over a private road controlled
by the two persons named, so as to give more ready access to and
from the State forest from the public highway. Consideration

°°0n June CtU, 1915, for the consideration of p.OO to be paid an-
nually, the Department granted a right of way 6 feet wide to the
Potter Gas Company for the purpose of conveying gas through pipes
over a portion of the State forest in Keating township. Potter
county, for a distance of about li miles. The grantee has entered
into tile usual stipulations to protect the state forest and prevent

forest fires

On September 1, 1015, a right of way 15 feet wide, for a distance
of about 8,000 feet, was granted to the Mount Cydonia Sand Com-
pany for the purpose of operating a standard gauge railway from the
English siding to certain sand banks owned by the company in Gml-
ford township, FrankliR county, same to exist for a period of twenty
years, with the right to construct a siding along the mam track,
which portion of the right of way shall be 25 feet in width. The
consideration for the agreement was |200.00 in cash and the sum of
150 00 annually thereafter, in addition to 75c toll for each carload of
land loaded and transported over the English Siding, which is a
short railroad spur belonging to the Commonwealth. T^e original
agreement was followed by a supplemental agreement dated Octo-
ber 30th, 1915, enlarging the space to be used for «>dmg P^^^^'.

On Kovember 4, 1915, an agreement was entered into with the
Southern Pipe Line Company, which owns a right of way through
the Caledonia forest in Franklin and Adams counties to permi
ihe Department to attach two telephone wires to 100 additional
oles belonging to the Pipe Line Company, making 317 in all, carry-
;ta U- of telegraph along its right of way, this right being like^
wfse secured to the Department by the original conveyance o, ^^e
lands upon which the pipe line's right of way is laid down. The
agi^ement relates more particularly to the character of the con-

struction and the maintenance of the ^-^^^'^'^'^Z^JlZ
wires so carried are a part of the telephone system of the Mont Alto

and Caledonia forests.

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

TELEPHONE CONTRACTS.

t

The following contracts have been made with telephone com-
panies for the use of instruments or wires, as indicated. The tele-
phone system is gradually being extended to all forest headquarters,
and later on will be extended to all rangers' homes. The usefulness
of the telephone for protective purposes goes without saying and it
is a matter of regret it was not possible earlier to install the com-
plete systems.

Occasionally the Department permits individuals to connect with
the State forest lines. By these means the Department acquires
the willing service of additional men for forest protection.

1914.

January 28, contract No. 151. Jay Fanton, of Costello, Potter
county. This is in the nature of a revocable license, which permits
Mr. Fanton to connect his telephone with the State forest line. The
lessee covenants to keep his own portion of the line and instrument
in repair, and the Department is to be without liability for the at-
tachment. A thirty days' notice may terminate the privilege.

May 5, contract No. 157. This is an agreement between the De-
partment and the Bell Telephone Company for telephone service at
the forester's home on the Nittany State forest. The line is multi-
party and the service unlimited. Contract price $18.00 per year.

1915.

May 7, contract No. 248. An agreement with the Cumberland
Valley Telephone Company for service at the forester's headquarters
at Pine Grove Furnace. Annual rental $24.00.

May 11, contract No. 249. This is an agreement of purchase from
the Western Union Telegraph Company for a 2-wire telephone line
on a line of poles 12.7 miles long between Crossfork Junction in
Abbott township, and Crossfork in Stewardson township, Potter
county. The line is located along the old right of way of the Buffalo
and Susquehanna Railroad and is highly useful for forest purposes.
The consideration paid was $15.00.

November 8, contract No. 257. This is an agreement with the
Bell Telephone Company of Pennsylvania for telephone service in
the office of the District Forester at GIG Washington street, Reading.
Annual rental, $36.00.

No 26

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

01

PRIOR CONTRACTS.

The following agreements were executed prior to January 1, 1914,
but are still outstanding, valid contracts:

No. 15. Howard E. Butz, assigned to the Federal Refractories
Company, for the removal of ganister rock from Short Mountain,

Huntingdon county.

No. 16. United Telegraph & Telephone Co., for telephone at for-
est headquarters, Caledonia Forest.

No. 21. Smith & Middlekauff, right of way for hauling sand at
Pond Bank, Franklin county.

No. 24. Chambersburg & Gettysburg Electric Railway Co. Right
of way for extension of railroad and lease of Caledonia Park.

No.' 26. The Tide Water Pipe Line Co., Ltd., for pipe line right
of way in Brown township, Lycoming county.

No. 27. Pennsylvania Telephone Company, for telephone at State

Forest Academy.

No. 30. Cumberland Valley Telephone Co., grant of right of way
to lay water pipe under railroad tracks at the Academy.

No. 33. South Renovo, grant of right to the borough to receive
water for municipal purposes from the State Forest.

No. 34. United Telephone and Telegraph Co., for telephone at
the State Forest Academy.

No. 37. Bell Telephone Co., for telephone at headquarters on the

Greenwood State Forest.

No. 39. American Telegraph and Telephone Co., right of way
through Rothrock State Forest, Lack township, Juniata county.

- No. 40. Pure Oil Company, right of way for pipe line through
the Mont Alto State Forest.

No. 41. E. Matson, Jr., lease of Asaph Farm for forest nursery
purposes, in Shippen township, Tioga county.

No 42 Pennsylvania and New York Telephone and Telegraph
Co., lease of right of way along Darling Run in Shippen township,

Tioga county.

No 46 J. S. Illick, Instructor, State Forest Academy.

No 54 Bedford and Fulton Telephone Co., for a right of way
through a tract of land in Southampton township, Bedford county.

No 60 E A. Ziegler, Director of the State Forest Academy.

No. 61. Federal Refractories Co., for ganister rock in Logan and
West townships, Huntingdon county.

7—26—1916

ds

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

99

I

I

I

No. 64. J. B. Walker, right of way for a pipe line to convey
water to the Asaph Forest nursery.

No. G5. E. H. Butler, right to erect an impounding dam and
right of way for a water pipe in the Asaph Forest nursery.

No. 66. R. F. Gee, right of way for a pipe line to convey water
to the Asaph Forest nursery.

No. 69. Wm. Netoffsky, Instructor, State Forest Academy.
No. 76. Borougli of Chambersburg, for an intake dam and water
for municipal purposes, Caledonia Forest.

No. 85. Caprio & Grieco, right of way for a railroad in the Brum-
baugh Forest, Huntingdon county.

No. 87. DuPont Powder Co., experiment with subsoil blasting
to test tree growth*

No. 90. Vincent Lumber Co., a right of way for a lumber railroad
in the Rothrock Forest, Mifflin county.

No. 91. Pennsylvania Fire Brick Co., right of way for a tram
railroad in Rush township, Centre county.

No. 92. The Tide Water Pipe Co., Ltd., right of way for pipe
line over State land in Potter, Clinton and Lycoming counties.

No. 98. Thomas Cronin Company, for the removal of blue stone
from a quarry in the Stuart State Forest, Cook township, W^est-
moreland county.

No. 101. Sandusky Portland Cement Co., lease of right to remove
fire clay on royalty, Pine Grove Forest.

No. 105. Right granted by the State Highway Department to
the Department of Forestry to erect a line of telephone poles in the
public highway between Waterville and Blackwells.

No. 106. Central Pennsylvania Lumber Company, right of way
over State lands in Elk township, Tioga county.

No. 107. Bell Telephone Company of Pennsylvania, telephone at
Asaph State Forest nursery.

No. 109. Southern Pipe Line Company, to attach wires to line
of poles owned by the company, Mont Alto Forest.

No. 112. Cumberland Valley Telephone Company, to permit the
Department of Forestry to attach wires to 54 poles belonging to the
Telephone Company, Caledonia Forest, Adams county.

No. 118. A. N. Stambaugh, a right to the Department to con-
struct a forest telephone line over private land.

No. 119. L. A. Clouse, a right to the Department to construct a
forest telephone line over private land.

No. 120. Wentz Neidigh, a right to the Department to construct
a forest telephone line over private land.

No. 121. A. B. Couch, a right to the Department to construct a
forest telephone line over private land.

1^

No. 26.

No. 126. Agreement with the New York Central and Hudson
River Railroad for telephone crossings, Pine Foi'est.

No. 127. C. A. Reese, agreement permitting the Department to
build a telephone line over private land, Pocono Forest.

No. 128. G. Louis Dormoy, agreement permitting the Depart-
ment to build a telephone line over private land, Pocono Forest.

No. 129. George D. Pine, agreement permitting the Department
to build a telephone line over private land, Pocono Forest.

No. 132. Dr. J. B. Heller, agreement permitting the Depart-
ment to build a telephone line over private land, Pocono Forest.

No 133. Agreement with the Board of Supervisors of Price
township, Monroe county, to permit the Department to erect a line
of telephone along the Millerstown road, Pocono Forest.

No. 134. Waynesboro Water Company, right of way for pipe line

in the Mont Alto Forest. .

No 135. Cumberland Valley Railroad Company, permitting the
attachment of Department telephone wires to railroad company^s
poles .near Fort Loudon, Buchanan Forest.

No. 137. W. J. I*rice, agreement to permit the erection of a tele-
phone line over private land, Pocono Forest.

No 139 Elk Tanning Company, agreement to permit the De-
partment to construct a telephone line over private land, Blackwells

Forest

No. 141. Central rennsylvauia Lumber Company, right of way

through warrant 4442, Elk township, Tioga county.

No 143 Beech Creek l-^xtension Railroad Company, right of way

for a railroad in Noyes and Grugan townships, Clinton county, Hop

kins Forest.

No 144 Cresco and Oreentown Telephone Company, agreement
covering telephone service at forest headquarters, Pocono Forest.

No 145 S. Hostrander, purchase of wood from the Pine Forest.

No. 146. AVilliam H. Libby, purchase of wood from the BufiEalo
Forest.

NURSERY REPORT FOR THE YEARS 1914 AND 1915.

The Department now maintains four large nurseries for the pro-
duction of forest ti-ee seedlings, and twenty-two small ones. The
small nurseries are usually located at advantageous positions m

tl)

100

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

State Forests and produce comparatively few seedlings eacli year
The object of the small nurseries is more for experimental and edu-
cational purposes than the large ones. Prior to the legislative ses-
sion of 1915 the law permitted the sale of seedlings to individuals
for private planting at cost of production. At the session of 1915,
a bill was passed and approved for the giving of seedlings free of
charge to individuals for reforesting.

In 1914 a total of 3,228,868 seedlings, transplants, and cuttings
valued at |8,079.97 were removed from State forest nurseries (see
tables 5 to 13 inclusive). Of this number, 3,116,321 seedlings, trans-
plants, and cuttings were used in State Forest planting. 3,862
transplants and cuttings were used for ornamental purposes in the
vicinity of forester's and ranger's headquarters on State forests,
and 108,685 were sold to individuals at cost of production.

In addition to the seedlings produced in our State nurseries, the
Department purchased 190,000 three year old red pine seedlings for
planting on State forests. (See table 10.)

In 1915 the total production in State nurseries was 4,16^,963
seedlings, transplants, and cuttings, an increase of nearly one mil-
lion over that for 1914, and the largest number ever produced in
the State nurseries in any one year. The value of these seedlings
was 110,670.76. Of the total production in 1915, 115,577 seedlings
were sold to individuals, and the remainder, 4,050,386, were planted
on State forests. In addition to this, 299,000 seedlings were pur-
chased and used for State forest planting (see table 19).

Table No. 1 shows the amount and cost of seed purchased for use
in nursery and direct seed sowing in 1914. The cost figures given
do not correspond with the amounts the foresters were directed to
charge against their forests. A few cents were added to the actual
cost per pound to allow for packing and shipping charges. A por-
tion of this seed was used in direct seed sowing and is accounted for
in table No. 30. Table No. 2 shows the amount and value of seed
actually sown in the nurseries in 1914, and includes shipping
charges. A portion of the seed accounted for in table No. 2 was
gathered by foresters in the fall of 1913. Table No. 3 shows the
amount and actual cost of seed purchased in 1915 and its disposal.
Table No. 4 shows the amount and cost of seed sown in the various
State nurseries in the fall of 1914 and spring of 1915. It will be
noted that in weight the amount in 1915 is about double that of 1914,
but that the entire cost is only a few hundred dollars in excess of
the cost in 1914. This is due to the fact that seed was purchased at
a more reasonable cost and that more seed was gathered by forest-
ers for 1915 sowing.

It will be noted that the amount of seed sent to foresters does not
in all cases agree with the amount sown in the nurseries. This is-

Lifting, C^ounting, and Bunching Soedlings for Shipmont.-Mont Alto Nursery

'lA

Spading Beds Preparatory to Sowing Seed .-Mont Alto Nursery.

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No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

101

Seedlings Heeled in, Preparatory to Planting.

Two Year Old European Larch. — Clearfield Nursery,

because a part of the seed was used for direct sowing 'in plantation
and accounted for in the report on plantations. Another reason is
that several foresters held seed shipped them in one year until the
following year before using it. This was done because of lack of
room in the nursery to use all seed sent.

In 1914, about 73% of the seedlings produced in State nurseries
were white pine. In 1915, 50.7% of the seedlings produced were white
pine and 30.6% were Norway spruce. Fewer white pine seedlings
are being produced because of the prevalence of the white pine
weevil, and the white pine blister rust now confronts us. During
the two years last past, comparatively few hardwood seedlings have
been produced. Energy was directed towards the production of
conifers since the hardwoods regenerate themselves more easily.

The number of seedlings produced and the forests on which they
were planted during 1914 and 1915 are shown in tables 5 to 9 in-
clusive, and 14 to 18 inclusive, respectively. The seedlings fur-
nished to individuals from State nurseries for 1914 and 1915 are
shown in tables 11 to 13 inclusive and from 20 to 25 inclusive, re-
spectively. The total value of the seedlings shipped from the re-
spective nurseries is given at the bottom of each table.

In 1916, no charge for seedlings will be made to individuals ex-
cept a nominal nursery charge to cover the cost of packing. This
will amount to approximately 10c per thousand seedlings plus the
transportation charges.

A summary of the seedlings furnished to individuals for the years
1910 to 1915 inclusive is given in table 40.

A study of nur*sery conditions including records and accounting
systems was made in 1913. It was found that so far as production
was concerned, the nurseries were doing satisfactorily. The matter
of systematizing cost accounts and record of results was found to
be not so satisfactory except in the larger nurseries, but even there
each nursery was using a different system, each nurseryman having
his own peculiar method of keeping accounts and records. In some
of the nursjeries, it was found that records were entirely lacking.
To remedy this a system for recording costs was devised and thus
far has proved satisfactory. The system was worked up in con-
junction with George A. Retan in charge of the Mont Alto nursery,
and given a tryout in that nursery during 1914. On February 18,
1915, a conference was held at Harrisburg to consider the adoption
of the new system in each of the State nurseries. The foresters at-
tending this conference were George n. Wirt, George A. Retan, Wm.
F. Dague, Paul H. Mulford, Tom O. Bietsch, R. Lynn Emerick and
W. G. Conklin. It was unanimously agreed that the system should
be tried out. The necessary blank forms were ordered and the sys-
tem put into effect in the spring. All State nurseries, with the excep-

102

REPORT OF THE

Off. Jyoe

tion of Asaph,, submitted a copy of their records for the years 1914
and 1915. At Asaph nursery, because of peculiar local conditions,
it was thought advisable not to introduce the new system until after
its use for a year or two in other nurseries. By adoption of the
new system, complete costs itemized according to the operation en-
tailing the expense, and the history of the various nursery opera-
tions, are made available.

The new system requires the use of three blank forms as follows :
Form No. 67, Nursery Field Sheet, which is for recording, while in
the field, the original notes on treatment and operation costs ; Form
No. 68 is the summary of costs and a concise history of seed beds;
and Form No. 69 serves the same purpose for transplant beds that
Form 68 does for seed beds.

In many nurseries a separate record is kept for each bed individu-
ally. Such a system is too burdensome in a large nursery and re-
quires unnecessary time and labor. By our new system, records
will be kept for a number of beds treated under like conditions and
sown or planted at the same time, and with the same species. For
instance, if 20 or more beds in a section of a nursery be sown in
white pine about the same time, and similar treatment is to be fol-
lowed as nearly as possible for those beds, costs and historical rec-
ords for all of them can be kept on one sheet (Form No. 68). It is
very probable that instances will occur where sufficient space on the
sheet for all notes on operations will be lacking. In such cases, they
may be placed on the back of the sheet.

Form No. 67 is the field operation record. Every different thing
done in the nursery on any one day should have owe of these sheets.
On it the character of the work done (operation) will be noted, and
the account to which the expense incurred for it is to be charged
will be inserted as the "charge." At the end of the month the totals
of these sheets for the month are compared with the payroll and if
they correspond, the field records are correct. The field sheets are
then assorted according to "charges" and the total of each "charge"
is entered in the i)roper space on either Form No. 68 or No. 69.
Below is given a fairly complete list of nursery operations and the
account to which each is to be charged. At the end of the year the
"Record" sheets give a complete history of expenses against the beds
covered by any one "Record" sheet and a synopsis of the treatment
given those beds.

There are certain nursery accounts, as capital, and overhead ac-
counts, which cannot be kept on the new forms and will have to be
taken care of as each nurseryman sees fit. They are such accounts
as supervision, land (capital), water system, screens, tools, bnibi
ings, drains, and other permanent improvements, a portion of which
must be pro-rated annually to the various "Record" sheets rhe

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

103

$

i

i

»

prorating should be done on the per 100 square feet of bed surface
basis. Provision is made on Forms No. 68 and No. 69 for inserting
these annual pro-rata charges.

Following is a list of nursery operations given under the account

to which they are a charge:

General Preparation —

Plowing for fallow or green manure.

Harrowing for fallow or green manure.

Sowing cowpeas, Canada peas, etc.

Mowing cowpeas, Canada peas, etc.

Turning under cowpeas, Canada peas, etc.

Laying out nursery into subdivisions.

Costs under this account may be pro-rata charges.

Staking out beds.

General preparation ends with staking out beds.

Bed Making (begins with staking out beds).
Throwing up beds with plow or spade.
Raking down beds.
Removing stones when making beds.
Sowing seed.

Rolling or firming seed beds.
Hauling compost for seed beds. Also hauling needles or straw for

seed beds.
Covering seed beds with compost or mulching seed beds.

Plowing for hardwoods.

Marking out furrows for hardwoods.

Planting hardwoods. Insert date under sowing and mulching.

Red leading seed.
Screening sand.

Sowing and Mulching costs are included under Bed Making, but th9
date of sowing seed and mulching should be given in columns

6 and 7.
Loss. Here should be noted dates or months when losses occur due
• to damping off, sun scald, winter heaving, grubs, seeds eaten by
rodents, etc.

Protection —

Hauling and placing stakes and supports for shade

Handling shades.

Scaring off birds.

Digging for grubs, moles, etc.

Spraying for leaf diseases and damping off.

Re-setting winter heaved seedlings.

Winter storing of shades.

104

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENl^ OF FORESTRY.

105

Winter storing of shade stake*.
Removing mulch, from seed beds.

Weeding and Cultivation —
Weeding beds — coniferous or hardwood.
Cultivating coniferous beds.
Cultivating hardwood beds.
Cultivating transplants.

Paths —

Cleaning and weeding paths.
Removing stones.
Hoeing paths.

Watering —
Watering seed beds.
Watering seedling or transplant beds.

Winter Covering —
Gathering and placing winter cover, such as straw, needles, etc.
Hauling needles, straw, etc.
Removing winter cover.

Inventories. The time necessary to take inventories, either during
the summer or in fall.

Lifting and Bunching —
Spading out seedlings.
Lifting, assorting, counting.
Cutting willows.

Seed (Form G8). Self explanatory. In case seed is gathered by the
nurseryman, the actual cost of that seed should be given. If
seed is gathered by the nurseryman and shipped to some other
person, that has nothing to do with these forms.

Fertilizing (Forms G8 and G9). This refers to application of com-
mercial fertilizers and manure, but not to green manuring. Lim-
ing should also be included here.

Plants (Form 69). This has reference to the plants which are
transplanted. In cases where all plants from seed beds are put
in transplant beds, the actual cost as shown on the Seed Bed
Record is to be given as the cost of plants. Where culls only
are transplanted, a minimum charge of 50c per M. shall be
given as the cost of plants.

Transplanting (Form 69) —

Picking out culls to be transplanted.
Heeling in culls to be transplanted.

Lifting plants from seed beds when all are to be transplanted.
Planting seedlings in transplant beds.
Mulching transplant beds.

Pro-rata Accounts —
Supervision.

Land capital.

Buildings (construction, maintenance).

Roads (construction, maintenance).

Tools (new tools, repairs).

Water system (construction, maintenance).

Shades (new shades, repairs). Includes all operations having to
do with the making of shades, repairing shades, and the ma-
terial necessary therefor. , .^u

General maintenance. Includes operations having to do with
keeping grounds in clean and neat condition, as trimming hedge,
mowing grass and weeds around nursery, etc.
Compost. Includes all operations having to do with the making

and care of the compost heap.
The making of boxes for shipping and the material necessary
therefor should be placed in a ledger account and shipments of
seedlings charged the actual cost of boxes used, crediting the
ledger account. Material for packing seedlings may be herein

taken care of. ., , i i

Packing and hauling seedlings should be taken care of by a ledger

account the same as for boxes. These operations have nothing

to do with the production of seedlings.

In the spring of 1913, Prof. Netoffsky of the State Forest Academy,

prepared fertilizer experiments to be tried in several of the larger

State nurseries. . . t,c ^. ai+/.

The plot experiments were started in the nurseries at Mont Alto,
Greenwood, and Asaph, to determine the effects of mineral fertilizer
on quality and yield of seedlings, and with a view to determine
means of maintaining and improving soil fertility.

At the same time a permanent plan of rotation with the use of
leguminous green manures as a source of organic "tatter and
nitrogen, was adopted in two of the nurseries, with a plan for the
correction of acidity in certain areas by the addition of lime, the
lime requirement having been previously determined. Large areas
of the soil in the nursery at Mont Also were modified by the addi-
tion of charcoal screenings and used for comparison. .._^ .

The effects of the fertilizers on the seedlings raised with different
quantities and combinations in the three nurseries was determined
almost entirely by weight. The conclusions based upon weights
were found to correspond with quality valuations, as the heaviest

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

107

106

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

seedlings invariably possessed the greatest root development, fullest
crowns, and strongest stems. The effect on the quality of the seed-
ling is being further determined by out-planting and the data will
be presented in a later report. The data obtained by weighing have,
been collected, averaged, and are presented herewith.

Mont Alto Nursery. — The results from the experiment beds at
Mont Alto are extremely variable owing to the influence of various
controlling factors. A study of the weight yields from certain beds
clearly indicates the value of acid phosphate and sulphate of potash
as sources of phoHi)horus and potash for this nursery.

Each crop of seedlings removes its quota of these elements, leav-
ing the soil somewhat deficient. It is necessary that the two elements
be restored to the soil from time to time, as continuous cropping
without such a return will result in depleting the soil. A positive
increase in the average seedling weight with attendant increases in
size and root system indicates the response the seedlings make to this
treatment. With manure, compost, or green manure supplying the
necessary organic matter and nitrogen, the use of one-half pound of
sulphate of potash (50%) and two pounds of acid phosphate
(P2O5 — 15%) to every one hundred square feet of bed surface is
recommended. The fertilizer should be applied to the soil after
•^throwing up'' the beds and worked into the soil during the "raking
down" procedure.

With the acidity corrected by the addition of lime, the organic
matter and nitrogen supplied as manure, compost, or green manures,
and the potash and phosphorus cared for as indicated, a permanent
.^system of fertility results and the soil will respond continuously,
m so far as fertility is a controlling factor, to the present method
of cropping.

The applicalion of the mineral fertilizer at the time of bed making
is recommended in preference to the use of tli€^«?e fertilizers j)receding
the planting of grecMi manure crops. Added at this time, the min-
eral matter is present at the critical [)eriod of the seedling's growth,
in a readily available form and produces its most desired effects in
the principal crop. The legumes are easily established in the nursery
soils and being deep-rooted, vigorous growing plants, they are able
to forage for themselves on the residual elements already present in
the soil. In the process of their growth these elements, together with
nitrogen taken from the air, are incorporated into the plants and
are subsequently worked into the soil for the seedling beds.

The u^ of charcoal "braize" and screenings in this nursery was
first successfully apj)lied by Bietsch. The charcoal, by modifying
the physical structure of the soil, with its many benefits, has made
possible the present large yields, as the soil unmodified is a heavy
clay-loam naturally unadapted to the growth of evergreen seedlings.

Previous to the use of the charcoal, yields from this nursery were
not only low in number but were notably poor in quality. By ex-
tending the use of charcoal over the entire nursery area available
and enlarging the present irrigation system, this nursery can be
made to produce an annual crop of between four and five million
two-year-old seedlings. Such crops cannot, however, be maintained
year after year permanently without returning the necessary plant
food elements to the soil.

FERTILIZER EXPERIMENTS.
TABLE I.

i

4)

Treatment.

1
2
3
4

5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
16
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

M

a
a
•o

I-

<

Check

Nitrate of soda

Nitrate of soda and acid phosphate

Acid phosphate,

Check ;••••:••.

Acid phosphate and sulphate of potash

Sulphate of potash, •

Sulphate of potash and nitrate of soda

Check

Add phosphate, sulphate of iK)tash and nitrate of soda, ......

Acid phosphate, sulphate of potash and sulphate of ammonia.
Sulphate of potash and sulphate of ammonia,

Check,

Add phosphate and sulphate of ammonia

Sulphate of iwtash and iwjne meal

Add phosphate and dried blood

Check

Bone meal and dried blood

Bone meal • •••••/•••;•,••,

Sulphate of potash, bone meal and dried blood

Check

Floats and dried blood,

Floats

Sulphate of ammonia •

j Check

Check average, 1.85 grams.

1.91

1.82

2.06

1.83

1.91

1.83

2.10

2.74

2.2S

2.68

2.69

2.52

2.11

2.40

2.24

2.38

1.92

1.96

1.27

1.57

1.40

1.67

1.40

1.57

1.50

106

REPORT OF THE

FERTILIZER EXPERIMENTS.
TABLE II.

Off. Doc.

i

n

Treatment.

.a
B

si

c: M

Check

Nitrate of soda

Nitrate of soda and acid phosphate,

Acid phosphate,

Checli,

6 Acid H>hosphate and sulphate of potash,

7 Sulphate of potash,

Sulphate of potash and nitrate of soda.

Chock,

10 Acid phosphate, sulphate of potash and nitrate of soda

11 Acid phosphate, sulphate of potash and sulphate of ammonia,

12 I Sulphate of potash and sulphate of ammonia,

13
14
16
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
26

Check

Acid phosphate and sulphate of ammonia

Sulphate of potash and bone meal,

Acid phosphate and dried blood,

Check

Bone meal and dried blood

Bone meal,

Sulphate of potash, bone meal and dried blood.

Check,

Floats and dried blood,

Floats

Sulphate of ammonia,

Check

1.34
1.76
2.38
1.88
2.02
2.10
2.16
2.48
2.25
2.18
2.61
2.55
2.24
2.22
1.17
1.80
1.40

63
05
50
32
29
27
54
27

Check average, 1.69 grams.
Charcoal average, 2.00 grams.

Beds in this series received double application of the fertilizers.

Greenwood Nursery. — The results from the experiment beds at
Greenwood are more uniform and a study of the table of the average
seedling weights indicates the response the soil makes to application
of lime, manure, sulphate of potash, and phosphorus as acid phos-
phate or bone meal.

With the rotation system practiced at Greenwood, allowing for the
growing of a legume crop every three years, the nitrogen supply is
fully cared for. The return of the potash and phosphorus to the
soil in this nursery is necessary every three years. The addition of
one-half pound of sulphate of potash (50%) and two pounds acid
phosphate (P2O5 — 15%) to every one hundred square feet of bed
surface is recommended. The application is to be made in the same
manner as suggested for the nursery at Mont Alto.

This nursery at the time the fertilizer experiments were started
was enlarged and rearranged so that a three year rotation of one
and two-year old seedlings followed by a leguminous green manure
could be practiced. With the addition of the irrigation system and
the improvements indicated, the present nurseryman has succeeded
in doubling the yield of former years by an annual production of
over one million seedlings.

No. 20.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

Notes for Tables III and IV.

100

All beds treated with lime show decided increases over neighboring

checks.

Beds treated with phosphorus, as acid phosphate and potash, as
sulphate of potash, alone or in combination, show decided increases
over neighboring checks.

Beds treated with phosphorus, as acid phosphate in combination
with manure show much greater yields than manure alone or neigh-
boring checks.

Seedlings in all beds carrying sulphate of ammonia and nitrate of
soda applied as a top dressing were injured by the treatment.

FERTIT-IZER EXPERIMENTS.
TABLE III.

n

Treatment.

11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19

to

ft
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29

Check average, 3.65.

a

bShi

Manure,

Lime,

Check • .•••• «.,,.•..•.•••••.....

Add phosphate and manure

Acid phosphate and dried blood

Bone meal and manure

Check

Bone meal and dried blood,

Bone meal, :"":": '."I'lV"^

Sulphate of potash, bone meal and dried blood

Check • •

Dried blood and lime,

Manure and floats

Sulphate of ammonia

Check

Sulphate of ammonia and acid phosphate

Sulphate of ammonia and sulphate of potash, ..•••••: — ,'V
Sulphate of ammonia, sulphate of potash and acid phosphate.

Check

1 Check

4.03

3.95

3.64

4.56

3.98

4.20

3.84

4.03

4.20

3.73

3.70

3.81

4.09

3.61

4.00

3.31

3.00

3.92

2.97

3.78

110

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

31

34

35

36

39

41

42

43

44

46

46

47

48

49

bO

51

52

53

5?

FERTILIZER EXPERIMENTS
TABLE IV.

Treatment.

Check

Acid phosphate

Check

Acid phosphate and sulphate of potash,

Clieck

Manure

Lime

Check •

Manure and acid phosphate

Acid phosphate and dried blood,

Bone meal and dried blood,

Check

Bone meal and dried blood,

Bone meal

Sulphate of potash, bone meal and dried blood.

Check

Lime and dried blood

Floats and manure,

Check

Xi
60

I

a
•a

9)
ge OB

<

4.06
4.12
4.01
4.09
4.12
3.81
3.61
3.53
3.95
4.45
4.45
3.92
4.69
3.68
4.26
3.89
3.95
3.64
3.50

Check average, 3.84 grams.

Asaph Nursery. — The results from the fertilizer experiment beds
at Asaph are not presented at this time owing to a misunderstand-
ing of directions in arranging combinations and applying the dif-
ferent fertilizers to experimental beds. A new series of experiments
was started in 1914 and the results after two years^ growth will be
published in a later report.

With the application of the quantities of mineral fertilizers recom-
mended for the soils at each nursery, moisture becomes the chief
controlling factor. By means of the present irrigation system,
when the moisture is appreciably lowered, irrigation is commenced
and the water is distributed with regularity and to considerable
depth until the moisture environment in the soil is ideal. The seed-
lings then receive not only all the water necessary for maximum
growth but also all the plant food they can assimilate and made
available by the solvent action of the water. Now that the nurseries
are producing seedlings in numbers, the time has undoubtedly ar-
rived when quality consideration must be given greater importance.
Too great emphasis cannot be given to the fact that it will be a decided

^^ 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. ^

advantage to pursue irrigation to the optimum the first year and
nossibly the second year as the seedlings grown under irrigation
develop superior quality and weight. It has been a matter of com-
mon observation that seedlings suffer both in the first and second
vear of their growth at periods of the growing season for want of
moisture The amount of water in the soil and the physical condi-
tion of the soil are more important in determining the quality and
yield of seedlings than is commonly conceded, being chief factors.
' Bv use of the fertilizers and soil modifiers suggested, and a judicious
watering system, the nurseryman can do much to increase yields.

Nurseries have been established on the forests hereinafter listed
and a concise report is made thereon.

Mont Alto Forest.-George A. Retan, Forester in charge.-For the
years 1914 and 1915 Mr. Retan makes report as follows:

1914.

Weather— The year has been a successful one in this nursery.
Compared with past years it has been one of the very best. This is
true in spite of the fact that the season just closed has been one of
unusual unfavorableness for nursery work. The records show that
the season has been marked by very irregular, and verv' scant rain-
fall During April, 4.93 inches of rain fell on 11 days which were
well distributed through the month. During May, 4.00 inches of rain
fell on five days, with a period of drought from the 13th to the 28th.
During June, 3.02 inches of rain fell on 7 days, with none from the
4th to the 20th, followed by rain on 13 out of 26 days In July,
2.85 inches of rain fell on 8 days. In August, 2.28 inches of rain
fell on 8 days, with no rain from the 28th of July to August 11th.
September had^the remarkably low record of July .77 inches of rain
on 3 days followed by only .91 inches of rain in October on 4 days
The drought was -not really ended until December; but the later
conditions did not affect the nursery so materially No watering
was done after the end of September. An average of 2.08 inches of
rain fell per month for the seven-month period. The total of 18.76
inches of rain fell on only 46 days, or about 20% of the days were

'^sTil Utilization and Problems.-Practically the whole nursery area
will be producing trees in 1915. Blocks F, G, and L have been planted
up with hardwoods this fall, and such parts of K as will not be in
conifers will be planted in the spring, and the remainder of the
area will be coniferous beds. Blocks D, C, and B have been treated
with charcoal and lime, and I) has had a crop of beans and oats with
manure, plowed under. The charcoal was applied about three inches
thick over the whole area. The lime, hydrated, was applied at the
rate of one and one-half tons to the acre. It is estimated that these

8

112

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

113

areas, together with the vacant area of Block A which will be utilized,
will give about three hundred beds or 30,000 square feet of bed space
for 1915. It is believed that it will be better to work up the area
through the development of a little each year, intensively, than to
try to put in too many beds.

It is planned to get a part of Block F in shape to use for conifers
in 1916. This area, together with E, all of which will be available
in 1916, will raise the producing area of the nursery for conifers by ^
about 100%. By working up a small addition each year, the whole
nursery will be worked over in the course of the next ^ve or six years,
and the production enormously increased.

This work is made possible by the fact that the application of char-
coal seems to solve the soil problem, which has previously been the
great obstacle to success in this nursery. The experiments with
commercial fertilizers, which are being carried on constantly, and
concerning which a special report will be made, do not show that any
benefit accrues to the soil, even if it be proved that the seedlings
raised are better than those raised in the clay. It is doubted very
much if the seedlings raised in the fertilized beds will show any
better qualities than those raised in the charcoal beds. So far as
observation goes, there is no question that the charcoal seedlings
are the best that are raised in the nursery. Furthermore, the ap-
plication of the charcoal costs only a fraction of what the continued
use of the fertilizer will cost. The soil has the mineral elements
necessary to raise trees; what it needs is the physical treatment.
Fertilizers benefit the soil only temporarily, at best; physical treat-
ment reaches the root of the trouble, and the roots of the plants.

Seed. — It cannot be too strongly repeated, as was urged last year,
that the source of the seed is of the greatest importance. Larch and
Norway spruce seed were had from Austria. It is very much doubted
if seed from these countries ought to be used by us. It ought to be
urged that our spruce seed come from the Black Forest region. We
know that our white pine does very well there and it is reasonable
to suppose that the spruce ought then to be adapted to our condi-
tions. Other spruce seed came from Russia. This is altogether too
far to the north. These trees will not have the length of life and
the volume development of more southern races. The white pine
seed was bought as from northern New York. This is probably the
best we can do at present, since we cannot gather all we want in
Pennsylvania.

It is desired especially to call attention to the fact that a senior
at the Academy made careful germination tests and counts of seed
from each shipment received. These showed great differences and
were a reliable guide for the nursery work. He also repeated his tests
in the nursery and made counts at the end of the season to show

No. 26.

the nursery establishment. The results of these tests are presentcni

in detail in the block reports where they were used. These will be

repeated each year if we receive our seed early enough in the season.

The amount and value of the seed sowed this year will be found

in Table 2. ^u a a

Fall Sowing.— On September 3rd, there were gathered and on
December 2nd there were sown, forty pounds of white pine seed from
the groves near the Sanatorium. This gives every promise of being
good seed. Larger quantities could have been procured had the school
opened a few days earlier. It was out of the question to hire men
who would climb the trees and we had to await the opening of the
school By that time many of the best trees had lost their seed.

The experiment which was carried on to test the value of fall sow-
ing of seed was a great success. The nine beds are by far the best in
the nursery. In one or two of the beds the seedlings are so far ad-
vanced that they could be planted this coming spring. At least this
would be worth trying with a few of them to see if they could not
take hold earlier and develop more rapidly. They are as large as
average two-year-old seedlings. One hundred of them weigh twice
as much as one hundred of equal age from the other beds. Their root
development is especially fine. If successful in Plantations this
method would effect a great financial saving in our work These
trees represent at present a cost of about ninety cents per thousand.
Shipments.-The trees shipped this year totaled a value of $2,740.
They cost, in the beds, $1.87 per M.; F. 0. B. they cost ^2.07 per M
and brought a profit to the nursery. For shipments see Tables 6

""^Thf white pine seedlings to be shipped in the coming spring cost
»2 15 in the bed. This is due to the small number resulting from
poor seed and poor soil. In addition there is very considerable loss
from the application of fertilizers on the young trees. This ought
never to have been allowed over such large areas. From ten to fif-
teen beds were completely ruined, a loss of 40,000 seedlings. Small^^^^
plots would have accomplished the same results. But the greatest
trouble was that of seed as was shown in the report of the work for

''lnrn'torie!.-The inventory this fall shows that the number of
seedlings present in the nursery greatly exceeds that of any previous
ear ft I almost impossible to estimate the yield, as any esUmate
of broadcast beds is very uncertain. Based on an actual c^^^^^^^^^^

some 300 square feet, about 1% of the ^^^//^^^ ^ V.7nf thre^^
the beds now average close to ten thousand to the bed, or three and
one hai -mion seedlings. This average has been induced to seven
thousand in the estimates to allow for loss. It is believed that this

&— 26— 1916

114

REPORT OF THE

Oflf. Doc.

rtl

i o

is a fair estimate and that the beds will yield this many trees. If
they do, the trees will be produced at a cost of about |1.50 per M.
in the bed. The trees are theoretically present on an area of about
36,000 square feet. This would make an average of about 80 seed-
lings to the square foot. Actually they are somewhat denser as
few beds have their full width, and the distribution of the seedlings
on the bed is never uniform.

Financial. — The ledger balance shows a total charge of |2,898.40.
This does not mean that the nursery cost this during the year. |210.-
73 was expended on permanent or semi-permanent improvements.
Lifting and shipping trees cost |288.25. On 1915 work |111.00 has
been expended. This reduces the actual cost to about $2,280.00, and
compares closely with the actual cost of $2,150.00 in 1913.

The total labor expenditure was |110 greater in 1914. All but
$30 of this was student labor. The policy of using more student labor
is being carried out. The increase last year was 100% over 1912 and
this year is 20% over last year. The outlay for hired labor was only
$30 greater than in 1913. In this connection it is just that mention
should be made of Mr. Harvey Metz, whose faithfulness through the
season has helped materially to make this a successful year. The
detailed financial statement follows:

DETAILED FINANCIAL STATEMENT.

Fixed Charges:

Forester, , $511 00

Land, 45 79

Tools, • 28 73i

Screens, 75 00

Water system, . 15 00

Roads and drains, 9 73

Buildings, 7 32

Current Pro-Rata :

Tools, $5 49

Screens, 14 68^

Compost, 15 IGJ

Water system, 10 48

Roads and drains, 5 64

Buildings and grounds, 100 86^

1913 charge to 1914, 24 57

Miscellaneous, 6 61

$692 57i

1182 50i

j^^ 33 DEPARTMENT OP FORESTRY. US

Charges to Capital:

Charcoal, $38 994

Screens, - ^^^ ^^

Tools, ^ '^^

— $210 73J

Dr. Account:

Labor, teams and students, $1,283 36J

Fixed charges and supervision, ... 692 57^

Incidental expenses and seed, 885 05

1913 charge to 1914 account, 37 41

_ $2,898 40

Cr. Account:

Lifting and bunching seedlings,

charged, • %Vl^^ 25

Inventory, ^5 00

Ornamentals, » &»i

I»otatoes, 27 294

1913 seed beds, 322 OI4

Transplants (white spruce and

balsam fir), ^ 914

Foreign species (experiments), .. 11 74

1915 hardwoods, .* 27 60

Transplants, 13 77

1914 hardwoods, 2 72

Willow and privet, 16 444

1914 charge to 1915, 83 31

1914 seed beds, .1,833 OI4

Charges to capital, 210 734

^ $2,898 40

Failures.— So far, little success has been had with transplanting.
This may be due to the very unfavorable soil conditions where it
has been tried. Some experiments will be continued along this line.

The red pines were a failure this year. Damping-off could not
be stopped in these beds. Whether it was due to unfavorable soil
or to weather conditions is not certain. Another year it is thought
to be advisable to sow red, pitch, and Scotch pine seed first, hoping
to have the seedlings well started by the time hot weather comes.
Apparently the hot sun is less harmful to the white pine than to

these species. ,

These two failures represent a loss of about $100 in the past two

years. , ^ *

Experiments.-Nursery work, to be effective, must be aggressive.

An attempt is made to keep abreast of the latest literature, and to

-vl

116

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

press beyond into the solution of the greatest problem of the nur-
seryman, that of fungus control. It is believed some progress has
been made.

As a result of some correspondence with Dr. Colville, an expert
on soil acidity, of the Department of Agriculture at Washington,
experiments with the effects of soil acidity on the damping-off fungi
have been made. So far inability to secure a sufficiently acid condi-
tion does not warrant any conclusions.

Experiments with irrigation as a help in the control of the fungi
causing damping-off are also being tried. Direct watering from above,
wetting the surface of the bed, especially in hot, dry weather, en-
courages fungous attack. A plan now is 'to let the water seep in from
the side paths and reach the roots of the seedlings, where it is most
needed. Of course this method of watering could not be used during
the two weeks following germination, when the roots of the seedling
are less than three inches long. In that part of the nursery which
could most easily be irrigated the past year, there was the least
trouble from fungous attack, excepting one small portion to be men-
tioned later.

There seems to be a great decrease in fungous trouble in those
beds with a large charcoal content. Eleven beds, which were over
75% charcoal, lost practically no seedlings from damping-off, al-
though they were very densely covered. This phase of the subject
will be watched more closely next season.

Another experiment in this direction is the use of sterile sand as a
seed covering. It is evident that on some beds this was an aid. In
other localities it did not seem effective.

There are so many factors involved in this problem that it is a
difficult task to single out any one for attack. No doubt when the
remedy is found, it will have to meet more than one unfavorable in-
fluence. Since fungous growth is dependent upon a maximum of
heat and moisture, the effort is made to supply the seedling with these
two essentials, without also creating optimum conditions for the
fungus.

The methods advocated in various bulletins published by the Ex-
periment Stations and Forestry Departments are too expensive to
warrant their use where moderate success can be secured without
their practice. The success in this nursery this year indicates that,-
if repeated for one or two years, the nursery can be made a paying
proposition.

In the matter of the use of screens, the shades were removed from
all beds August 1 to 11 this year. This was very early compared to
what was done previously. So far as could be observed the seedlings
suffered no damage. This helps the plant to harden up properly for
the winter.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FOtlESl:RY.

117

Salamanca Trip.— The visit to Salamanca, which the nurserymen
were permitted to take, demonstrated to us, that in Pennsylvania,
with extensive methods, we can accomplish equal results without the
expense ^f intensive methods, if our soil problems are fully under-
stood.

1915.
The nursery contains more trees than ever before, there is more
area under cultivation, the conditions are being constantly improved,
and best of all, the annual expense of upkeep is not rising, but re-
mains at about $2,200 as during the past two years.

Soil Utilization and Improvement.— During the year that part of
Section E not in beds was fertilized with barnyard manure and
covered with charcoal, and later a crop of peas and oats was plowed
under. This portion will be in red pine in 1916. Section F was
taken in hand this fall, manured, and charcoal was applied. This will
be in white pine in 1916. During 1916, the remainder of Section A
will be treated. This leaves only Section G of the nursery which is
to be made available for beds.

The bed area has been greatly increased as a result of this work.
In 1913 about 300 beds were made up, in 1915 about 400 beds of seed-
lings and 50 of transplants, and in 1916 it is hoped to have 450 beds
of seedlings. Thus the area growing trees has increased by three
hundred beds, or about one acre. ^

The use of charcoal is being continued. The use of commercial
fertilizers has not given the results expected by those advocating
their use. The average weight of the best fertilizer bed was but little
better than the weight of the average bundle of trees taken from a
charcoal bed in much poorer soil. This seems to be conclusive evi-
dence of the superiority of charcoal. Green manure and lime are
being used with horse manure as the best natural soil improvers.
The European authorities are more and more insisting upon the use
of such, to the exclusion of artificial fertilizers.

Seeds and Seed Testing.-The seed was better this year than in
previous years. Only the Ontario white pine seed appeared to be
poor The seed gathered by Bietsch and Retan at Greenwood and
Mont Alto respectively, was much better than any other white pme
seed used. The next best was the seed purchased of the Northeastern
Forestry Company, which was two years old.

Seed testing is'being continued. Three trays have been arranged
especially for dirt testing. An error in the choice of a suitable room
at the Academy was made this year and the results were not so good
as in the previous year. This winter better results are expected.
With the concentration of the plate testers here, an effort to do close
and accurate work will be made.

lid

REPORT OF THE2

Off. t>o(i.

The amount and value of seed sown this year will he found in
Table 4. «

P^all Sowing. — The work in fall sowing was again successful.
Thirty beds are the best in the nursery. These are the thirty sown
in December of last year with Mont Alto white pine seed. This fall
the work has been greatly enlarged in scope. Two hundred and
three beds are now sown. These required the use of two hundred
pounds of white pine and twenty-five pounds of red pine seed. Should
these be equally successful, an effort will be made to do even more
next fall.

Forester Rupp used three thousand one year old seedlings from
fall beds and reports great success. Their growth exceeds that of
two year old seedlings in the nursery. They have a year's start on
all other i)lantations.

liivcntories. — The inventory this fall shows more seedlings than
have ever been present in this nursei'y at one time, or almost in all
time. Detailed estimates show over 1,700,000 trees ready to ship
and over 2,000,000 in the beds for next year. Some of these are two,
and most of them one year old trees. This makes a total of almost
4,000,000 trees. Of course a decrease in price goes with the in-
crease in number. Every endeavor was used to make the estimate a
fair one.

Financial. — Comparing this part of the report with that of last
year, it will be found that the incidental expense is slightly less, labor
slightly less, and fixed charges slightly less. Fifty more seed beds
this year have cost ninety dollars less than the smaller number last
year. The average cost of a one year bed is about one dollar less
this year.

These economies have reduced the price of seedlings to figures un-
heard of in this nursery. The average cost of the two year seedlings
in the beds is |1.19 per M., or seventy cents less than the best previ-
ous year.

Of the money cliarged under labor, student labor is slightly less
than last year. Tliis is due to the fact that there were so few trees
to ship as compared with last year. Weeding and general mainte-
nance expenses formed a larger proportion because of the larger
number of beds.

1915 DETAILED FINANCIAL STATEMENT.

Fixed Charges:

Forester, |500 00

Land, 46 96

Tools 23 73

Screens, 50 00

j^^ 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. HO

Water system, 15 00

Koads and drains, 9 73

Buildings, '^ *^2

$652 74

Current Pro-Rata:

Administration, $1 50

Tools, depreciation, ^ ^^

Screens, ^^^ ^^

Compost, ^^ ^^i

Water system upkeep, • ^ 88

Skinner, ^^ ^^

Roads and drains, 10 08

Maintenance of grounds, 61 50

Experiments, ^^ 79^

Protection, ^ ^^

- 1300 27

Total, ^95301

Pro rata on 733 beds or |1.30 per bed

Charge to Capital :

Skinner system,

Tools,

Land improvement,

Drains,

Dr. Accounts:

Incidentals,

Labor,

Fixed charges,

Inventory,

1914 forward, .,

Cr. Accounts:

Charge to capital,

Willows,

Lifting and bunching,

Ornamentals,

Shipping; packing,

Inventory,

Hardwoods,

Transplants,

1914 conifers,

1915 conifers,

$100

11

67
22

00
69 .
94i
22

?817
1,253

93
90

652

74

25

00

110

91

1201 85i

6

68i

82 72i

1

72^

35

16

6

20

85

78i

86

54

468 26i

1,741

02i

$201 85 i

$2,860 48

120 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.

1916 bed area, 142 SOi

Miscellaneous, 1 62

128,860 48

Labor Summary:

Team. Students. Payroll. Total.

1913, .... ?32 36 1323 06 |816 41 |1,171 83

1914, .... 43 64 390 41 849 31 1,283 36

1915, .... 35 79 283 55 934 56 1,253 90

Incidental Summary:

Seed, 1549 78

Compost, 13 83

Shipment, 2 76

Tools, 15 59

Skinner system, 99 55

Screens, 85 20

Protection, 1 98

1916 area, 5 40

Stamps, 1 50

Experimentation, 22 95

1916 seed, 5 39

Tile, 13 50

Paint, 60

J817 93

Experiments. — Experimental work in the nursery has been grow-
ing in amount and in importance. During the year there has been
erected a small open greenhouse specially designed for practical work
of this kind. In this house soil food experiments which will be
finished by another fall are being carried on, also experiments with
soil mulches. Results so far seem to show that good compost gives
better germination than pure sand.

In the fight against "damping-off^' the work is going on the hypo-
thesis that an acid soil condition works as a preventive. Under the
thesis work of Powers, extensive experiments were made. He found
only 30% loss in very acid soil and over 70% loss in partially acid
soil. This experiment will be repeated to be sure that no other
factor entered to obscure the result. At the same time. Blouse is
now working with decayed leaves to secure humic acid for direct
application to beds.

The direct application of carbonic acid gas as recommended by the
Soil Vitalizer people did not give any results that were apparent.

It was in the watering work that most experimentation was done.
The Skinner system was put in over part of the nursery and com-
pared with the other methods of watering. The Skinner system in

No. 28.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

121

this nursery has been handicapped by the fact that it was planned by
a man who has no nursery experience. Had the units been arranged
as practical experience would have suggested and as was urged, it
would have been much more satisfactory. As it was, the necessity
of watering by hand directly under the Skinner system arose sev-
eral times. The system could not be used for fear of wetting some
beds that were not dried out. The units ought to be such as would
cover about thirty beds. Forester Dague has the same fault to find
with the system. Another year it is intended to split up the units
and use them according to plans which experiment proves very prac-
tical. This plan developed from the use of a section of about one
hundred feet in length, made so as to be movable from one part of
the nursery to another. Posts about three feet high were put up
at various places where it was wished to use it and the pipe moved
back and forth, with a hose to it. With this section, three times
as many beds were watered as with any other section of the sys-
tem. Another year four or five shorter sections with frequent hose
connections will be used. Then as small units as may be desired may

be watered. . . . . n

Compared with other methods of watering, the system is especially
valuable to prevent drying out in the first two weeks of the germina-
tion period. It is better at any time than hand watering, though it
takes a very long time to get the soil soaked through the whole 180°
of its range. Less fungous trouble seems to result where indirect
watering can be carried on. The season was unfavorable for such
experimentation, because it was wet all through June, but such flood-
ing as was done in D seemed to give better results. Section F has
been laid out to facilitate flooding over a large part of it.

Bookkeeping.— The system of bookkeeping adopted at the confer-
ence has been found very well adapted to the work. It need only be
said that the technical part of this report, balancing books, pro-rat-
ing expenses, etc., was done in less than one day, when in former
years it reouired all spare time in two weeks on the same work.

Shipping— Fewer trees were shipped this year than last. The
1913 beds were very disappointing. It is hoped that this is the last
time that this old story will be repeated from this nursery. Cer-
tainly appearances would indicate it at this time. Tables 15 and
21 give a complete statement of shipments.

Ornamentals.-Section L of the nursery has been put aside for
ornamental trees for the Highway Department. At present there
are ash in that section. These will be thinned out and other suit-
able species transplanted in their place, retaining part of the ash.
Other ornamental plots are coming on well.

AsPAH Nursery, Stone State FoREST.-Paul H. Mulford, Forester,
in charge.-In his report for 1914, Mulford states that this nursery

122

REPORT OF THE

Ofif. I>oc.

Ki

III

|ii

was established in 1907 with 2 J acres under cultivation. In 1915,
nine acres were under cultivation and five additional in preparation
for seed beds in 1916. At the end of the year 1914, the nursery con-
tained 5,127,351 seedlincjs and transplants. Of these, 1,920,851 were
available for 1915 planting.

Seedlings were not uniform in size above ground and until lifted
the number that will be sufficiently large to plant cannot be de-
termined. These are the seedlings from the special fertilizer experi-
ments and it is presumed that the root systems will show greater de-
velopment than heretofore. If this prove true, the full number above
given will be available for shipment.

The number of seedlings shipped from the nursery in 1914 and
their value is shown in Tables 5 and 11. The lifting of seedlings dur-
ing 1914 was greatly hindered by the late thawing of beds and sub-
sequent planting was delayed on this account. Frost did no apparent
damage other than to red oaks which were just germinating. Their
growth was somewhat checked and some were killed. No work on
temporary or permanent improvements was attempted due to lack

of labor funds.

The soil texture was improved in areas treated with green manure
and planted in 1914. This was repeated for the 1915 planting area,
should be extended for future years, and a method to add more humus

be adopted.

Very early heavy and continued snows held up the work of cover-
ing some of the seed beds. December was the most severe month
since the nursery was started, the beds being in deep snow since

December 8th.

At the end of the year 1915 a total of 4,750,000 seedlings and trans
plants were in the nursery, of which 1,727,000 will be available for

1916 planting.

The number of seedlings shipped in 1915 and their value is shown

in Tables 14 and 20.

The second year Norway spruce have not fully recovered from the
effects of the frost during the latter part of May and are now small
but with good root systems. 4rhe third year elm and white ash are
also small, the selects having gone out in former shipments.

Following instructions, an area was prepared to grow trees for
highway planting. On this area were transplanted 0 basswood, 9
red oak, 57 black cherry, 1,312 white ash, 1,327 honey locust, 1,350
elm. and 1,380 Norway spruce seedlings. Additional seedlings will
be placed in this section when available. By request of Dr. J. T.
Rothrock, the Quarrie Soil Vitalizing Treatment was tried on nur-
sery beds but showed no results that could be detected by the eye.

The soil texture experiment was repeated for the area to be sown to
seed in 1916.

^^ 26. . DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. 123

Greenwood Forest.— Tom O. Bietsch, Forester in charge.— The
Greenwood nursery was established in the fall of 1906 and was at
that time about one-fourth of an acre in extent. It has gradually
been enlarged to 3 acres.

In 1909 a water system was installed. This consists of an hy-
draulic ram which forces water into a reservoir about 100 feet above
the nursery. In the spring of 1915, the Skinner system of irrigation
was installed. The cost of the system was $371.81, and it has proved
satisfactory. The nursery is located on shaly sloping ground at
an angle of between 5 and 10 degrees and surface drainage is an
important question. Drainage was provided with open ditches run-
ning parallel with and at right angles to the slope. The nursery was
divided into six sections, each 56 feet in width by two-foot ditches,
which so far have carried off surface water adequately.

The actual cost for producing seedlings for 1915 shipment was
as follows:

2 yr. white pine, |1 29 per M.

3 yr. white pine, 2 02 per M.

2-1 yr. white pine, transplants, 1 88 per M.

1 yr. red oak, 2 67 per M.

The operation of transplanting is carried on with the aid of the
Pennsylvania Forest Service transplanting board, the use of which
reduces this cost to 30 cents per thousand. After the transplants
have been set, a mulch of straw or needles is placed between the
rows. This not only serves to hold moisture but retards weed growth
and makes cultivation unnecessary. The operation of throwing up
the beds is at present done with horse and plow. The cost would be
further reduced if a plow with double mold board were used.

Four-fifths of the nursery was limed and six loads of stable manure

were used as fertilizer.

Weeding of paths is done with a one-horse cultivator, the shovels
being set to a width of an 18-inch path. One man with a horse does
in one hour what formerly required one good man with a hoe two

full days.

In 1915 a portion of the nursery was set aside for the growing
of trees for roadside planting along State Highways. This area
will be planted in the spring of 1915.

The hardwood area and shade tree section of the nursery could
and should be watered by adding to the Skinner system two more

laterals of pipe.

The cost of weeding was higher than usual on account of wet
weather. Little loss was caused by damping-off. L. pinii (needle
disease) appeared on one and two year old seedlings but was con-
trolled by frequent spraying with Bordeaux mixture.

1

I

'

m

124 REPORT OF THE • Off. Doc.

Sifted charcoal braize was used on several seed beds this spring
as a seed cover, producing favorable results. Further experiments
will be made in the spring of 1916.

In the hardwood section, the ground between the rows of seedlings
was covered with leaves and needles, as a means of retarding weed
growth and holding moisture.

The cost for lifting, bunching, and counting trees in the spring of
1915 amounted to |209.82. In former years, the cost for lifting and
bunching was charged against the following year's output. With
the new system of accounts and records, this plan will be discon-
tinued. The item of |209.82 for 1915 was well taken care of due to
fact that an excess of 140,000 seedlings was produced beyond the

1914 product.

The number of seedlings shipped from this nursery during 1914
and 1915 is shown in Tables 7, 13, IG, and 22. The inventory in the
fall of 1915 shows 1,741,000 seedlings, 1,000,000 of which will be
available for 1916 planting.

Clearfield State Forest. — Wm. F. Dague, Forester in charge. —
The Clearfield nursery which is situate about 12 miles from the town
of Clearfield along the Penfield road, contains about 3 acres. Seed
beds cover 2^ acres. In this nursery, the sides and ends of the beds
are held up with boards. It is the only State nursery where the '^box
system" is being used. Cull boards from the saw mill on the Clear-
field forest are used for this purpose and cost little. The nursery
charges for 1914 are as follows:

Making and placing of shades and boarding beds, |73 57

Lifting and counting seedlings, 39 06

Packing and shipping seedlings, 22 83

Preparation and sowing of nursery beds, 172 40

Hauling and spreading manure, 75 20

Weeding beds, 60 10

Cleaning paths, rearranging compost heaps, 47 28

Securing bracken and covering nursery beds, ... 36 05

f;526 49

Fertilizer, |54 28

Seed, 236 80

Gasoline,, : 26 58

Miscellaneous, 3 92

1321 58

Total cost for the year, |848 07

The entire nursery may now be watered by the new Skinner system
of irrigation, completed in the spring. The nursery is in good con-
dition. It contains six million seedlings in the beds, 1,300,000 of

L

j^^ 29 DEPABTMENT OF FOKESTET. 125

Which will be avaUable for 1916 planting. A fence was buU't around
the nursery in 1914 and in the fall a hedge of three-year Norway
spruce was planted along the west side as a wind break. The en-
tire nursery has been limed and in parts not in beds the ground
was seeded with soy beans and turnips. A statement of the seed-
lings shipped from this nursery during 1914 and 1915 will be found

in Tables 8, 17, and 23. . ^ ^

The seedlings available for 1916 planting have been raised at a
remarkably low cost per thousand. They will average in the beds
as follows:

^ 2 yr. white pine ^^i Per M.

2 yr. Scotch pine 31 per M.

2 yr. pitch pine 9* Pe^ M.

2 yr. larch S-^^ Per M.

1 yr. black cherry 2.94 per M.

The cost of lifting, bunching, and packing these seedlings will in-
crease their total cost by about 15c per thousand.

Penfield State Forest.— Carl L. Kirk, Forester in charge.—
The area of the Penfield nursery at the present time is about one
acre This nursery has heretofore been regarded one of the small
foresters' nurseries, but is now being put on a commercial basis.
The seedlings removed from this nursery in 1914 and 1915 are shown

in Tables 9 and 18.

The 1915 inventory of seedlings totals 1,265,000, 928,000 of which

will be available for 1910 planting.

Austin State Forest.— P. Hartman Fox, Forester in charge.— One
small nursery was established in 1910 at Odin which contains .16
of an acre. This nursery is principally for demonstration purposes

and will not be enlarged.

In 1915 a new nursery was established at Austin. It was contem-
plated starting this nursery on a piece of ground purchased in 1915
but owing to a heavy sod covering and unavoidable delay in start-
ing the work, this area could not be used for seed. Accordingly, per-
mission was secured from the Austin Board of Trade to use a small
piece of ground belonging to them. This was cleared of sod and
debris, and thirty-eight 50 ft. beds were laid out and sown to seed
in 1915 This was not sufftcient space for the amount of seed avail-
able and 23 similar beds on the K. C. Collins lot were laid out and
sown I'reparatory work was not started until May 23 and the first
seed was planted June 4th. Good germination resulted in all the
white pine and spruce beds except five white pine beds which were
attacked with sparrows before the germinating period was passed.

I

126

REPORT OF THti

Off. Doc.

Four beds sowed to European larch did not show any germination.
Considerable loss resulted in all seed beds from the work of sparrows
and damping-off fungus.

The area purchased for a nursery contains about 3 acres of bot-
tom land and must be drained. Tile drains surrounded by stone are
recommended in place of stone drains. After the site is well drained,
the ground will be cultivated to destroy weeds and to bring the soil
to better productive condition. An irrigation system is needed.
Water may be obtained from a spring on the property, and if neces-
sary, from West Freeman Kun, requiring piping a distance of i mile.
Seedlings removed from the nurseries on the Austin forest for the
years 1914 and 1915 are shown in Tables 9, 18, and 25.

Bald Eagle Forest.— Edgar H. Smith, Forester in charge.— A
small nursery was started on the Bald Eagle Forest in 1912. The
object of this nursery is principally for educational and demonstra-
tion purposes. It is estimated that one hundred persons from Wil-
liamsport visited the Bald Eagle Forest to see the plantations, nur-
sery, and other forest work. The seedlings removed from this nur-
sery are shown in Tables 9 and 18.

Black Forest.— Robert R. Neefe, Forester in charge.— A small nur-
sery was established on this forest in 1914 and now contains about
2,900 square feet. The results obtained the first year w^ere very sat-
isfactory. Good germination was obtained and little damage re-
sulted from the damping-off fungus.

A system of irrigation is needed for the nursery, especially if it
is to be enlarged, and it should be at least three times as large as at
present. The soil is a sandy loam and will produce good seedlings. .
Drainage is satisfactory and the damping-off fungus has given little
trouble. Being located at a high altitude and exposed to the pre-
vailing wind, the movement of air is constant, anotlier important
factor in reducing the loss by damping-off. The area to be planted
on this forest is large and by raising the required seedlings here,
the high cost of transportation is saved. In the spring when the
soil is ready to plant here, it is impossible to get seedling shipments
from other nurseries. Production here means earlier planting.

The 1915 inventory shows a total of 410,000 seedlings, 150,000 of
which will be avaihiblo for 1910 planting. Two year white pine
seedlings in the bed cost about 40 cents per thousand ; 2 year pitch
pine about ?1.08 per thousand; and 2 year Norway spruce about 44
cents per thousand. Lifting and bunching will increase this cost by
10 to 15 cents vev thousand.

Buffalo State Forest. — A. C. Silvius, Forester in charge. — A
small nursery was started by ranger Motz in the spring of 1914. Good
germination was obtained but weeds choked out the seedlings. Early

DEPARTMENT OP FORESTRY

127

No. 28.

in the spring of 1915 this nursery was abandoned because the land
upon which it was located did not belong to the State and was sold.
Caledonia State FoREST.-Robert G. Conklin, Forester in charge.
—The Caledonia nursery was established in the spring of 1908, its ob-
iect being principally for demonstration purposes. Being located
along the Chambersburg and Gettysburg pike, it is seen and com-
mented upon by thousands of tourists. In the fall of 1914, an in-
ventory showed a total of 131,700 seedlings in the nursery. On y
59 beds wei^ in use. Thiry-eight additional beds were treated with
charcoal braize and sown in the spring of 1915.

In former years considerable transplanting has been done in this
nursery but this practice is now discontinued because of cost. By
the use of charcoal braize in the soil, it is hoped to prevent excessive
drying out in the summer and to lessen spring frost heaving. A
little drain along the upper side of the Lincoln Highway and two
lateral drains through the nursery are badly needed. The 191d in-
ventory shows 104,8G1 seedlings, of which 04,000 will be available

for 1916 planting. , a ^mk

The seedlings removed from this nursery during 1914 and 1J15

are shown in Tables 9 and 18.

Chatham State Forest.— Thos. C. Harbeson, Forester m charge.—
During the spring of 1912 forester C. C. Miner then in charge, tried
an experiment of sowing two pounds of white pine seed and one
pound of Scotch pine in prepared spots sheltered by open growth.
These areas located on the plateau, received no subsequent cultiva-
tion The object was to determine whether seedlings having the
viffor and root development of cultivated stock could.be grown with-
out attention, thereby at decreased cost. In the fall of 1914 an in-
ventory showed 1,400 white pines at a cost of |2.64 per thousand and
700 Scotch pines at a cost of |1.00 per thousand. The development
of these three year old seedlings was equal to two year nursery grown
seedlings. The Scotch pine proved a financial success.

In the fall of 1914, about four square rods of ground in the Bear
Wallow country was spaded and in June, 1915, two beds each 140
feet in length were sown with white pine seed. This area is now
known as the Bear Wallow nursery. It is simply temporary and no
enlargement or permanent improvements are considered advisable.
An inventory of seedlings in the fall of 1915 showed 29J50 seed-
lings in the nursery, 2,750 of which will be available for 1916 plant-

•

'" Geays Bun State Forest.-A. B. Wells, Forester in charge-In
the fall of 1014 about U pounds of basswood seed were sown in a
.awdust bed in a small hardwood grove. The seeds were planted

128

REPORT OF THE

Oflf. Doc.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

129

in 200 feet lines hoed about 6 inches wide and 3 inches deep, and
sown thickly. The rows were covered and tamped by tramping on

the cover.

In 1915 Wells reports his sowing a complete failure.

Hull State Forest.— George S. Perry, Forester in charge.— A
small nursery was established at Hull in the spring of 1908 but no
additional seed was sown in that nursery until 1911. In 1913 another
small nursery was established in Prouty Valley by Kanger A. W.
Avers. The combined nursery area is 7,000 square feet.

The nursery at Hull will probably never be a success so far as
low cost of production is concerned owing to the weedy location and
hiirh moisture content of the soil resulting in winter heaving and
damping-off. However, because of its educational value this nursery
should be continued. The Prouty nursery promises to be a practical
success. The soil appears to be ideal for the growth of conifers, white
pine doing particularly well.

In 1915 the average rate per thousand for seedlings produced in
the Hull nursery was $5.55, made up almost entirely from forester's
time charged against the seedlings. In the Prouty nursery, the
average cost per thousand is |1.39. During 1915 a total of |45.42 is
charged against the Hull nursery, of which |22 is for forester's time.
The cost of all labor for 1915 in the Prouty nursery was |27.13, of
which the rangers' time charges made up ?22.40. These figures at
once show that the Hull nursery is not a practical success but that
the Prouty is producing satisfactory results. New shades are needed
for both and a fence should be built around the Hull nursery. It is
planned to maintain the Hull nursery chiefly for experimental, edu-
cational, and demonstration purposes, and also to devote more bed
space to producing hardwoods.

Experiments with basswood seed planted at once after being picked
from the trees show that only about one seed in each thousand will
germinate tlie first year and these come up so early that May frost
killed them in tliis locality. The remainder of the seed either rots,
is eaten by rodents, or else lies hard and dormant for the first IJ sum-
mers.

Autumn sowing of white ash has thus far proved unwise for the
narrow valleys of northern Pennsylvania. The seed germinate:?
quickly and evenly in the spring following but frosts that are sure
to come in May or early June kill all the tender seedlings that are
not heavily protected by mulch.

Experiments with Scotch pine and pitch pine show that shades
are not necessary in this locality under ordinary conditions although
the seedlings show more leaf- and top-growth when shades are used;
yet the roots are better developed in nearby beds where no shades ai-e
used.

No. 26.

Black cherry seedlings are absolutely frosthardy regardless of how
young and tender they may be at time of frost. ^^ ^ ,_ ,

The number of seedlings removed from nurseries on the Hull forest

is shown in Tables 9 and 18. . t, *

Kettle Creek FoREST.-Max E. Mtiller, Forester m charge-A
small nursery was established on Trout Eun in the spring of 1914,
its object being chiefly for experimental and educational purposes.
The work was done almost entirely by the forester and ranger. The
soil is a sandy and loam and not very rich. However, fairly satis-
factory results are being obtained.

The 1915 inventory shows a total of 23,500 2 year-old seedlings.
These will be held over for another year before being used in planta-

' LOYALSOCK FoREST.-John A. Bastian, Forester in charge.-A small
nursery was established in the spring of 1014 and contains about
1 600 square feet. In 1914 tlie seed germinated well but just as
germination was taking place, a heavy rain followed by sunshine
caused baking and crusting of the surface of the soil causing con-
.^•derable loss. The nursery is situate in David Chapman's garden and
rot on the State forest. It is not a permanent site and no improve-
ments are advised. The 1915 inventory shows 842 seedlings, none of
which will be available for 1916 planting.

LusHBAUGH FoEEST.-W. H. Homing, Forester in charge.-A small
nursery was established in 1911 on Lushbaugh Run. This was en-
larged in the spring of 1914, and in 1915 included 1,768 square feet.
The nursery is located where the tree growth is just sufficient to give
the seedlings the proper amount of shade from «'»-"°f "^^^J^-
A satisfactory crop was obtained from seed shown in 1914, the seed
lings standing very thick in the beds. ^

Poor results were obtained from seed shown in 1915. There were
but 5,000 one-year white pines obtained from H pounds of seed
4bout 75% of the seed lay in the ground all summer without dec..j
and may possibly germinate in the spring of 1916. This nursery w.U
be abandoned because Ranger Wyko.T has moved about a mile furthe
away, near Brooks Run school house along the public road He has
offer^ to set aside a piece of ground adjacent to the schoo for a nur
sery. This ground was cleared of roots and debris in the fall of 1915
anTwill be^own to seed nex tspring. The nursery wiU be situated
more advantageously for educational purpos^.
The seedlings removed from the Lushbaugh Run nursery are shown

in Table 18.

9—26—1916

130

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

131

Medix Forest.— Ohas. E. Zerby, Forester in charge.— There are
three small nurseries on this forest, one in the garden at the for-
ester's home, one at the Kathburn place, and another on the Lincohi
Farm. Owing to the dense weed growth and the lack of a water
system, it is not advisable to cH)ntinue the nursery at the foresterV
house. The three nurseries contain an area of about 3,000 square
feet. The remaining two nurseries will be continued, to supply seed-
lings for planting on this forest.

The 1915 inventory shows 120,000 seedlings, 76,000 of which will
be available for 1916 planting.

The seedlings removed from these nurseries are shown in Tables
9 and 18.

NiTTANY Forest. — Jesse M. Houtz, L. G. Barnes, Foresters in
charge. — The nursery on this forest was established by James E. Mc-
Neal in 1909. In the spring of 1915 a second nursery was started
by the present forester. The area of the two is about 11,000 square
feet.

The first has not proved successful. The failure may be attributed
to its location on a small rise some distance from w^ater. Early and
late frosts also cause considerable damage. The second site was
selected because of location. The 1915 inventory shows a total of
38.950 seedlings in the two nurseries, none of which will be available
for 1916 planting. The total cost of the two-year-old seedlings is
$83.50, or |4.71 per thousand. The high cost results from charging
the nursery with forester's time for work which should have been
done by cheaper labor. No seedlings were removed during the years
19U and 1915.

Ole Bull Forest. — Thos. H. Golden, Forester in charge. — Small
nurseries on various sites on the Ole Bull forest were established in
1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, and 1914. These have all been abandoned
except the one established in 1914 containing an area of about 1,800
square feet and which has been fenced in. The site chosen for the
present nursery was formerly an old garden and the soil is rich and
sandy. The greatest drawback is the prevalence of weeds. Cultiva-
tion of the area producing the weeds, or sheltering by means of a
hedge w^ould probably remedy the trouble from this source. . The
present area is capable of supplying 200,000 trees per year. To do
this, however, it will probably be necessary to lay out temporary
transplant beds within one of the inclosed fields at Crossfork.

No. 26.

Seedlings removed from nurseries on the Ole Bull forest are shown
m Table 18. They were planted in the New Bergen forest.

In the fall of 1914, an inventory showed a total of 331,000 seed-
lings, 180,000 of which will be available for 1916 planting. The cost
of Se tw^-year-old seedlings in the nursery beds is as follows: Pitch
pine 96 cents per M.; white pine,. 81 cents per M.; Norway spruce,

'^%'enn FoRE^T.-Chas. E. Meek, Forester in charge.-A small nur^
sery was establi^ed in 1913 at Weiker at the home of Ranger David
Sy It contained but 300 square feet and has been abandoned^
AH the seedlings in the nursery were removed in the spring of 1915
and planted in the Penn forest. ^ -

Pine Grove FoREST.-John R. Williams, Forester m charge.-A
sm!" nursery was established at Pine Grove Furnace m the spring
o" 1 14 and'contains about 2,700 square feet. The seed sown re-
sulted in total fnihire. In 1915 better results were obtained. Five
beds were sown with Norway spruce, twelve to white pine, and ten
?o Scltch -pL Good germination was obtained and eomparatively
little trouble experienced with the damping-off fungus. A straw
mulch used to cover the seed beds, was good for the purpose intended
Tt brought many weeds into the beds. In removing the weeds many
sis Idlings wwe pulled out. Considerable loss al- -^^^^^^^
birds' eating the seed. The soil in its present condition is probably
too sour, as shown bv a considerable growth of moss.
The 1915 inventory shows a total of 325,000 one year old seedling ^
PocoNO FoREST.-John L. Strobeck, Forester in charge.-Two small
nurseries have been established on the Pocono forest, one, known as
TAlbert nursery, in 1910, with an area of 1-5 of an acre and the
other the Whittaker nursery, in 1911, with an area of 1-5 of an acre
tt now enlarged to about f of an acre. The Albert n-se^^^
abandoned as soon as the seedlings are removed. The ^^J^ mj^^^^^^^^
shows a total of 11,200 seedlings and transplants m the two all of
which could be planted in the spring of 1916. However, it is con-
Clatrd to hold some of these seedlings to be used ^or o-^^^^^^^^^^
planting around foresters^ and rangers' headquarters on State forests^
Seedlings removed from these nurseries are shown in Tables 18

and 24. . ., ^ Tini?+

In 1915, eight pounds of white pine seed were sown ,n tbe W^
taker nn^sery. While germination was taking place, forest fires
canll the absence of Forester Strobeck and birds made away w^th
practically all the seed,

/ n

132

REPORT OF THE

OfiE. Doc.

Seven Mountains Forest.— W. E. Montgomery, Forester in charge.
—A small nursery was established near Ranger Kinney's home in
1912. At present the area is about 800 square feet. Of the various
species in the nursery, Scotch pine appears to do best, with red pine
and pitch pine close seconds. Douglas fir and Norway spruce have
given poor results.

The seed sown in 1915 resulted in almost total failure, due to a
number of causes. The germinating percentage was low. Birds
got away with much of the seed. Most of the few seedlings which
did come u^ died because of lack of attention at the most critical
period. At this time it was necessary for the forester and ranger
to be away from headquarters working on topographic survey. The
1915 inventory shows a total of 15,600, 15,300 of which will be avail-
able for 1916 planting.

Sinnemahoning Forest.— H. E. Elliott, Forester in charge.— Sev-
eral small nurseries have been established at different times on this
forest with a combined area of about 2,200 square feet. One nursery
is located at Ranger Crum's home. Another is established in the
woods up Wykoff Run. The great drawback to the ranger's nursery
is that, spring and summer being the busiest time, he is not always
on hand to give it the attention required in weeding and shading.
An attempted remedy is picking a new location as free from weeds as
possible, and which has the proper light requirements.

The 1915 inventory shows a total of 40,150 seedlings, one and two
year old white pines. None of these will be available for 1916 plant-

ing.

Snow Shoe Forest.— Geo. W. Sheeler, Forester in charge.— Two
small nurseries were established on this forest in 1913 known as
Little Bear nursery and the West Branch nursery. In general, the
growing of white pines in these nurseries has not proved successful.
No seed was sown in 1915 but another attempt will be made with
seed requested for 1916.

The 1915 inventory shows a total of 37,200 seedlings in the two
nurseries, 12.600 of which will be available for 1916 planting.

The seedlings removed from this nursery iji 1915 are shown in

Table 18.

Whetham Forest. — J. B. Ryon, Forester in charge. — A small nur-
sery was started at Whetliam in the spring of 1912, the present area
of which is about 3,000 square feet.

Wire fencing was purcliased in the spring of 1914 to keep out dogs,
chickens, and ground squirrels which completely destroyed two beds
of white pine. In 1915 there was an excellent germination of white
pine and European larch but excessive damp weather and early
summer resulted in a large loss.

^^ 28. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. 133

The 1915 inventory shows a total of 45,700 seedlings, 35,600 of
which will be available for spring planting. The seedlings removed
from this nursery during 1914 and 1915 are shown in Tables 9 and 18.
White Deer FoREsT.-Raymond B. Winter, Forester in charge.-
Two temporary nurseries were established on the White Deer forest
one in 1913 and one in 1914, the combined area of which is about
400 square feet. But one pound of seed was sown in 1914 which re-
sulted in total failure. In 1915, one-half bushel of red oak acorns
was Planted bv Kanger Roadarmel. About 500 seedlings grew from
TeL Icornl They will be held over until 1917. The 1915 inventory
shows about 2,500 Norway spruce transplants in the nursery.

134

REPORT OF THE

Oflf. Doc.

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TABLE NO 8.-SEEDLING SHIPMENTS TO STATE FORESTS, CLEAR-
FIELD NURSERY, 1914.

CO

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Forest Where Planted.

Forester in Charge.

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04

C4

5

White

Red V\

Totals.

Clearfield

Medix

Ole Bull

W. F. Dague

C. B. Zerby

R. L. Emerick

C I» Kirk

28,000
40,000
55,000
50,000

52,000

80,000
40,000

40,000

95,000
50,000

Penfleld

Total numbor,

173,000

92,000
$276 00

265,000

1389 25

$665 25

loiai LOM.,

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O

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142

m

m

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

143

No. 28.

TABLE NO. lO.-SEEDLING SHIPMENTS TO STATE FORESTS, 1914.

Purchased from Mount Carmel Nursery.

Foreat Where Planted.

Forester In Charge.

u

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Bear Meadows,

Keating,

Penn,

Pennypacker, . .
Rothrock, ......

Seven Mountains

Sizerville,

Slate Run,

Young Womans Creek

W. D. Ludwig

F. H. Dutlinger, ...

C. R. Moek,

H. E. Bryner

A. W. Bodine

W. E. Montgomery,

W. li. Evans

F. D. Jerold

H. F. Critchley, ..

Total number,

15,000
50,000

60,000
66,000

10,000

io'.ooo

10.000

Total cost.

190

^

1430 50

lO.OOQ
25,000
16,000
30,000

101,000

$227 95

10

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DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

145

•5 S n - '

I

JO— 26— 1916

'i;

140

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc,

TABLE NO. 13.— SEEDLINGS FURNISHED TO INDIVIDUALS FROM
GREENWOOD AND OTHER NURSERIES, 1914.

Name.

Address.

White Pine.

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Derr. Cyrus O., .
Signer, Geo. W.,

Smith, B. H

Dutllnger, F. H.,*
Hadesty, G. B.,t

Reading, ...
Spring (Uty,
Eiimsport, ..
Westport, ..
Pottsville, .,

Total number.
Total costs, .

11.00

1,000

1,500 1

100

1

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i'.m

1,000

ioo

1,600

11,000
133 00

100

1,000
ft 50

1,500
$4 13

1,000
$8 00

100

$3 61

$0 25

$0 18

12,000

I.OjO

3,000

200

100

16,300

i:53 67

•From Whetham Nursery.
tFrom Rotbrock Nursery.

No. 28.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

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REPORT OF THE

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No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

151

TABLE NO. 17.—

Forest Where
Planted.

Austin, ...
Buchanan,
Caledonia,
Clearfield.

Hull

Keatinf;, ..
LusbbauKli.
New Bergen,
Penfleld. ...
Rot brock. ..

Stuart

White Deer

SEEDLING SHIPMENTS TO STATE FORESTS, CLEAR-
FIELD NURSERY, 1915.

Forester In
Charge.

1

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W. F.
G. S.
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W. H.
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C. L.
A. W.
V. M.
R. B.

Fox ,

Rupp

Conlilin, ...

Dague, . . .
Perry

Dutlinger,

Horning, .

Van Horn,

Kirk

Bodine, ...

Bearer, ...

Winter, ...

Total number,
Total cost, ...

74

000

74,000

50,000
50,000
20,000
52,000

'-ioiooo

33,000

G3,500

"15,000

369,500

$166 50 I $823 75

13,500

13,500

9.000

9,000

10

24
10

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000

000
500

666

54,500

50.000
50.000
20,000
52.000
10,000
40,000
33.000
24.000
139.500
63,500
23,500
IS, 000

520,500

$43 87 I $31 50 $190 75 $1,356 37

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152

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

TABI.E NO. 19.-SEEDLING SHIPMENTS TO STATE FORESTS, 1915.

Purchased from the North Eastern Forestry Co.

Forest Where Planted.

Black Forest,
Blackwells, ...

Caledonia,

Kettle Creek.
LuBhbaugh, ...
Mont Alto, .
New Bergen,

Penfleld,

Pine

Rothrock, —
Seven Mountains

Stuart

White Deer, .

Forester in Charge.

R. It. Neefe,

J. W. Keller

R. Ct. Conklin,

M. B. Mailer,

W. H. Horning

L. E. Staley

H. C. Van Horn. .

C. L. Kirk

H. C. Evans

A. W. Bodino

W. E. Montgomery,

V. M. Bearer

R. B. Winter

Total number.

Total cost.

Red Pine.

2 yr.

20.000

40,000
10,000
10,000
20,000
9.000
50,005
40,000
10,000
15,000
10.000
10,000

244,000
$488.00

3 yr.

25,000

25!666

• • • • •

5i666

55,000

1611.75

No. 28.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

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DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

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REPORT OF THE

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TABLE NO. 23.-SEEDLINGS FURNISHED TO INDIVIDUALS FROM

CLEARFIELD NURSERY, 1915.

Name.

Branthaver, G ,

Crystal Spring Rod

and Gun Club

Emerick, R. L

Address.

Coudersport,
num-

Total
ber,

Total cost,

1,000

1,000
$2.50

600

1,000
1,000

600

2,500
$8.12

500

12.00

1,000

1,000
13.50

20

20

.06

Norway

u

Spruce.

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500

500

$1.75

m

1-4

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1.000

1,000
3,620

6.520
$17. »3

Character of land to be planted on Caledonia State Forest in 1916. To clear off the
underbrush this area will be burned over before planting.

TABLE NO. 24. -SEEDLINGS FURNISHED TO INDIVIDUALS FROM PO-

CONO NURSERY, 1915.

Name.

Mack, John

Gilbert, Mrs. W. A

SeKuinc, J. A

Plant. J. R

Small lots to Individuals.
Arbor Day,

Address.

Allen town, .
Stroudsburg,
Cresco

Total number.
Total cost, ...

White Pine.

CO

3.600
3.100

75

6.775

$20.33

u

300

300

$.90

4)

CI

9

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1.075

1,575

75

2,726

$8.18

5
^

1,075
3,600
3,100
1,675
150
300

9.800

$29.41

White Pine planted on the Caledonia State Forest in 1906. Photograph in 1916.

Character of growth on Pine Grove Forest, burned April 20 1915, replanted in May,
Ltiaractei oi^^row^^ poetically all living trees were killed by the fire.

White Pine Plantation, Mont Alto State Forest. Planted in 1910.

Photograph in 19U.

I

European Larch Plantation on the Stone State Forest . ^}S^^l^,2lt%''^tJt' ^^^^'
using Three Year Old Seedlings. Average Height in 1915 about 8 feet.

Norway spruce and bull pine. Jac^^b Nolde
were planted in li)09 in soil evulmtly poor.
planted and are now overtopping the spruce

Estate,
Two years

Berks county. The spruce
later the bull pine were

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

157

TABLE NO. 25. -SEEDLINGS FURNISHED TO INDIVIDUALS FROM

AUSTIN NURSERY, 1915.

1

White

Pine.

1-1.

Scotch

Pine.

1-1.

Norway Spruce.

European

Larch.

2 Yr.

Totals.

Name and Address.

1-2.

2 Yr.

1,500

•

1,250

500

3.250

Baldwin. F. E., Austin, ••••,•••

Small lots to individuals from White
Deer Nursery,

60

10

70

Total number,

1,500
$4.13

1,250
If 3. 13

500

60

10

3.330

T/\+q1 /V^Kt" ....••■■•••••••••

$1.75

1.17

1.04

$9.22

STATE FOREST PLANTING FOR THE YEARS 1914 AND 1915.

The first planting on State Forests was made in the Minisink
forest in 1899, when 1,000 Carolina poplar cuttings were planted.
Each year since that date, with the exception of 1901, has seen a con-
tinued advance in artificial reforesting. Since 1910 a million or more
seedlings each year have been planted. In 1913, over 3,000,000 were
planted, and in 1915, 4,315,430 seedlings and transplants were used
in reforesting. Table 34 shows the number of seedlings and species
planted each year to date, a total pf 16,553,291 seedlings and trans-
plants planted on State forests. In Table 35 will be found a state-
ment of the area planted and cost of plantations for each year to

the present time.

Almost half of the total number of seedlings planted to date were
set during two years, 1914 and 1915. It will be noted in Table 35
that the average cost of planting in 1915 has been reduced to |2.95.
Lower average costs of planting per thousand are shown for the
years 1907, 1908, and 1909. However, these figures are not so re-
liable as those given for the years 1912 to the present time. It is
probable that in 1916 the cost of planting per thousand will be even
lower than that for 1915, providing labor can be had at the 1915

n te

The State forests of Pennsylvania now aggregate 1,004,066 acres.
It is roughly estimated that between 300,000 and 400,000 acres can-
not be expected to be reforested naturally. Artificial reforesting by
direct seed sowing has not proved successful. This area must be
planted with seedlings and transplants. In 1915 the total area of

,1

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158

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

new plantations made was 2,718.29 acres. At this rate, it will require
probably 150 years to reforest the land which will not take care of
itself naturally. Nor dare we lose sight of the fact that additional
land will be acquired in future years, at least a portion of which
will have to be planted. Taking this into consideration it is esti-
mated that at least 15,000 acres should he planted annually on State
forests. In 1915 the average number of seedlings required per acre
was 1,500 which average will be fairly well held up in the years to
come. If 15,000 acres are planted annually, 22,500,000 seedlings
will be required for each yearns planting.

Planting on the State forests, except within the past four or five
years, was more or less of an experimental nature and was usually
made' on small areas with a few thousand seedlings, the purpose
being largely to determine the species best suited to local conditions.
Many failures resulted but the successes obtained have shown what
and how to plant. We are now past the purely experimental stage
and are considering the commercial aspect more fully. The planting
up of large contiguous areas instead of widely scattered small ones,
is now the policy of the Department. In 1916, it is planned to make
practically no pure white pine plantations, but to mix in other
available species. The mixtures may not in all cases appear silvicul-
turally good, but conditions are such that we may have to risk this.
By far the larger portion of State forest which must be planted is
found in the northern counties, Lycoming, Potter, Cameron, and
Tioga. Silvicultural conditions there are much different from those
found in the central and southern counties. In the north, the orig-
inal growth of beech, birch, and maple, is mixed with white pine and
hemlock in various density. A clear cutting system of lumbering
was carried on in the northern counties. Repeated forest fires fol-
lowed and have left a large portion of this region practically barren
of commercially valuable species. The only chance of reforesting
land of this sort is by planting. In the central and southern counties
by far the larger part of the areas may be expected to reforest them-
selves naturallv. It is true there that in many instances existing
growth is badly injured by forest fires ; but by pursuing a policy of
improvement cutting even this growth can be brought into good

economic condition.

As stated before, reforesting by direct seed sowing has, without a
doubt, been proved impractical in this State. Each year the foresters
have experimented with direct seed sowing under many and varied
conditions. We have no record of a single successful direct seed
sowing with coniferous seed, and only in a few instances has even fair
success been obtained with hardwood seed. Direct sowing of coni-

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

15d

ferous seed should, therefore, be discouraged and the sowing of hard-
wood seed should be attempted only under exceptionally favorable
circumstances.

One of the most difficult silvical problems confronting the Depart-
ment now is that of replacing scrub oak with commercially valuable
species. The State owns large areas of land which are classed as
scrub oak barrens and which apparently contain no valuable species.
However, it is probable that an analysis of species growing on those
areas would show at least a fair percentage of valuable species ex-
isting.. It is reported that in Pike county areas classed as scrub oak
barrens 10 to 20 years ago, and where fire has been kept out, now
show that a valuable growth of young hardwoods is coming on.

Planting in scrub oak has been experimented with to some extent
but as yet with minor success. White pine has not proved satisfac-
tory nor has Norway spruce, which is a fairly tolerant species and
was looked to with expectation. Scotch pine, although an intolerant
tree, is a rapid grower for the first few years after planting and may
prove successful planted under scrub oak. This species will be given
a thorough tryout under different conditions of scrub oak growth.

Close planting in scrub oak should be unnecej=»sary as the strug-
gle to reach light will result in height growth and a straight stem
for a tree 10 or 15 feet in height. If but 1,800 seedlings are planted
per acre and 75% of them live, it will require only a few years after
overtopping the scrub oak before the crowns of the planted species
meet and shade the undergrowth. The scrub oak is very intolerant
and quickly dies out under shade. A good example of this is found
on the Caledonia forest where quaking aspen is gradually gaining
the ascendency over scrub oak.

Until the year 1914 plantation reports from foresters were not
required to be sent to the Department until their annual reports
were forwarded at the end of the year. In consequence, no planta-
tion data were available until the early part of the following year.
The reports were then left with the foresters' annual reports and
after these were used in making up the Department's biennial re-
port, the plantation reports were filed away. In 1914 plantation
reports were required to be sent in as soon as possible after planting
was completed in the spring. The data are then tabulated and put
into systematic form (see Tables 26 to 31 inclusive).

Early in 1915 new forms for making report on planting (forms
33a and 33b) were constructed. Form 33a is for reporting planting
of seedlings and transplants. Form 33b is a report for direct seed
plantation. All plantation data, old and new, were copied and re-
turned to the foresters. Instructions were sent to survey every plan-
tation made in past years and to make reports on the new forms.
This required considerable of the foresters' time and it was not until

11

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160

REPORT OF THE

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ir

h

early fall that all the revised plantation reports were received. Some
of the reports on early planting are deficient as to cost and descrip-
tion For the years 1912, 1913, 1914 and 1915, the data can be ac-
cepted as correct aiid complete in detail. Plantation data are now in
systematic order. The matter of obtaining growth records for all
plantations to date will be taken up at once.

Revised plantation reports were checked and tabulated by years,
this work being done principally by Mumma and Winter, assisted
at times by other foresters. From the yearly tabulations, summary
tables have been made. The total planting on any forest to date is
shown in Tables 32 and 33. The total planting on all forests by
years is found in Tables 34 and 35. Tables 36 and 37 are the sum-
maries for direct seed sowing, and the summary tables for willow
cuttings used in the formation of willow holts are found in 38 and
39 The reinforcements reported in the tabulations consider only
the reinforcing of plantations made in former years and not the
reinforcing of natural growth.

Data relative to 1914 and 1915 are presented in tabulated form in
Tables 20 to 31 inclusive. Tables 20 and 28 show the species, age,
and number of seedlings planted in those years respectively. Tables
28 and 29 give the total number of seedlings planted, area, and cost
of planting for the resnective forests for the years 1914 and 1915.
Table 30 shows the ouantity of seed used, area, and cost for ex-
perimental direct seed plantings for the years 1914 and 1915. Table
31 gives the number of willow cuttings planted in holts, and the cost.
Willow culture will be given more consideration in the future as it
is planned to produce rods for basket making in State institutions.

Planting Experiments.-In 1911, the Department of Forestry en-
tered into a contract with the E. I. DuPont deNemours Powder
Companv to exjjeriment with subsoil blasting to determine whether
loosing the soil would accelerate tree growth. Mention of this will
be found on page 107 of the Department's report for 1912 and 1913.
Two acre plots were laid off on the Promised Land, Whetham, Grays
Run Stuart, and Stone forests. One acre was dynamited by blast-
ing one-half stick of 25^7. Red Cross dynamite placed in holes about
20 inches in the ground and 15 feet apart each way. The dynamited
acre and the check acre on the five forests were planted in the spring
of 1912, white pine and Norway spruce seedlings being used in the
Stone forest, Norwav spruce in the Stuart, white pine and Norway
spruce in the Whetham, white pine in Promised Land, and honey
locust, sugar maple, white ash, and red oak in the Grays Run forest.
At the end of the 1915 growing season the foresters report practi-
cally no difference in growth between the dynamite plot and the
check plot.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

161

It has been the contention of certain foresters that one year
coniferous seedlings could be used for planting under favorable con-
ditions with every chance of obtaining good establishment and at a
low initial cost both for seedlings and for planting. In the spring
of 1915, Alfred E. Rupp planted 3,000 one year old white pine on
the Buchanan forest. Some of these seedlings were planted in the
open and some under partial shade. In the fall Rupp reports: "I
wish to mention particularly the remarkable growth and small per-
centage of loss in the plantation of one year old white pine. At the
end of the first growing season they are as large, averaging 6 inches
in height, as one would expect two year old stock to be at the end of
the first vear in plantation. This has been a very favorable season
and one is apt to be misled by it in an experiment of this kind, but
I believe that one year old stock can be planted under light shade
with very good success. Several squares of 100 feet were carefully
examined, the seedlings counted, and the percentage of establishment
found to be more than 98%." This experiment will be watched with

considerable interest.

Two experiments with fall planting of conifers were made by John
W Keller on the Blackwells forest, to determine the feasibility of
fall planting. On October 23rd and 24th, 1913, Keller planted 3,000
two year old seedlings, 1,000 each of Norway spruce, white pine, and
European larch, under bracken and sweet fern. In the fall of 1915
he reports as follows: ^^

Species.

Norway spruce,
European larch,
White pine

Per Cent. Living.

1914.

1915..

90
92
90

85
68
86

Height Growth (Inches) 1915.

Max.

Min.

Average.

2.6
2.8

2.6

On August 24th and 25th, 1914, Keller planted 12,000 two year
white pine seedlings as a late summer experiment. These were
planted under bracken and sweet fern and resulted in a total failure.

Summary of State Forest Planting.— Summary tables of State
forest planting have been compiled and are appended. Table 32
shows the number of the various species planted on each forest to
date. The area planted and cost of the work will be found in Table
.33 Table 34 shows the number of the various species planted in
all forests by years, and 35 shows the cost and the area planted each
year So far as percentage of establishment is concerned, white
pine has given the most satisfactory results, and by far the largest
number of seedlings planted have been white pine.

In Tables Sft and 37, the extent of direct seed sowing on State
forests, the quantity of seed sown, area treated, and cost of the work
11—26—1916

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REPORT OF THE

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are shown. It will be seen that the first attempt to reforest by
sowing seed directly was made in 1902 with .78 bushel of chestnuts
on what is now known as the Caledonia forest. To date, a total of
278 32 pounds, principally coniferous seed, and 229.8 bushels of
hardwood seed have been used in experimenting with this method of

reforesting. . , ,. - i, „„i

Tables 38 and 39 constitute a summary of planting of willow cut-
tings in holts for the production of basket willow rods. Thus f«r no
rods have been marketed, all the cuttings having been used to form

new holts. ^ • i x*

There are many factors entering into the average cost of planting
per thousand and the cost per acre on the different forests. It will
be noted that the per thousand cost of planting on the Kettle Creek
forest was $2.69 and the per acre cost $6.09. This per acre cost is
considerably lower than on the Kishacoquillas forest where it was
$10 28 although the per thousand cost on the latter was even lower,
$2 59 ' In the case of Kettle Creek, fewer seedlings were planted per
acre It will also be noted that the per acre cost for plantations on
the Loyalsock and the Bedford forests is high. This is due to small
plantations, and the fact that much of the work was performed by
foresters themselves at a high rate per hour as compared with the
rate paid ordinary labor.

Planting Plans.
Planting done on the forests in the past has been somewhat at
random, the principal idea being to determine species suitable for
local conditions. The time has now arrived to look more to the
commercial and silvicultural aspect of planting, and in 1916 planting
plans will be required for all forests where it is proposed to do any
planting. A definite system of planting for each year covering a
period of five years, will be outlined.

The plans to be submitted may require certain revisions from year
to vear as local labor conditions change, or in case protection schemes
not under observation make planting practicable in localities now
deemed adverse to planting. If such be the case, alterations will be
made to suit the changed conditions.

The following planting outline will be followed :

Outline for Planting Plan.

I. Purpose of Planting, whether for

1. Commercial returns, wood products,

2. Or protection of water sheds and prevention of erosion,

3. Or shelterbelts,

4. Or aesthetic purposes, Arbor Day planting, ornamental or

roadside planting.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

163

ri. Description of Area.

1. Size of area.

a. Total area of the forest requiring artificial reforesting.

b. Size of area to be planted in each year of the 5 year

period.

2. Location, compartment and sub-compartment; or county,

township, and warrant,
a. Location with relation to existing plantations.

3. Topographic conditions.

a. Slope, degree.

b. Aspect, direction.

c. Drainage.

d. Altitude — maximum, minimum and average.

4. Geologic conditions.

a. Geological formation.

b. Soil and subsoil— kind, depth, rocks, humus, moisture

content.

c. Quality of site— I is best, IV is poorest.

5. Existing vegetation.

a. Abandoned farm land— fields.

b Burned areas now producing scrub oak, bracken, sweet
fern, fire cherry, aspen, birch, or other inferior species,
c. Recently lumbered areas.

6. Photographs showing nature of growth and topography.

III. Treatment of Area.

A. Preliminary to planting.

1. Protection from fire, or from insect or fungus attack.

a. Present protective means.

b. Proposed, giving estimated cost.

c. Insect or fungus damage in past years.

2. Preparation necessary, if any, and estimated cost.

3 Survey. The area to be dealt with should be surveyed
and a map submitted with the plan. This map should
show topographic details, subdivision (compartment
and sub-compartment) lines, and the portions to be
planted bv years. Practically all the information
called for under the caption "Description of Area is
to be shown graphically on the map.
B. Planting material.
1. Plants.

a Species desired and number of each.

b. Age, seedlings or transplants, and why that par-

ticular age.

c. Size, give reasons.

i^

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164

REPORT OF THE

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d. Number per acre and why.

e. Method of planting and why.

f. Time to be planted and reasons, spring or fall.

g. Estimated cost.

1. Plants per thousand.

2. Total cost of plants by years.

3. Cost of planting per thousand.

4. Total cost of planting by years.

5. Grand total cost by years,
h. Mixed or pure, and why.

i. Success and present conditions of plantations
made in past years with same species under simi-
lar conditions; or with other species which may
be a criterion of expected results from the pro-
posed planting.
2. Seed, in case exj)eriments with direct seeding are de-
sired.

a. Species desired.

b. Reasons for direct seed sowing.

c. Quantity of seed per acre and by years.

d. Method of planting.

e. Time of planting.

f. Estimated cost.

1. Seed per pound or bushel.

2. Cost of seeding.

3. Total cost per acre.

" 4. Grand total cost by years.

g. Successes or failures from former direct seed

sowing,
h. Expected results.

rv. Summary and Conclusions.

No. 26.

P

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No. 28.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

183

TABLE NO. 37.

-STATE FOREST PLANTING-DIRECT SEED SOWING
SUMMARY BY YEARS.

Quantity of Seed Used, Area and Costs.

Year.

Species Sown.

Quan

tity.

•

•0

OJ

+J

CS

27

,

u>

H^

09

hi

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XI

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01
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O

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Eh

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E »H

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1902

1

1904

1

1905

1

1906, ....

2

1907

1

1908

8

1909

4

1910

8

1911

12

1912

26

1913

11

1914

26

1915

8

Totals, . .

109

Chestnut

Black Wahxjt,

Clu'stniit

Hick. Oak, P.W
Black Walnut,
W.P., B.W., .
W.P.. B.W., .
W.P., B.W., Oak

7 Species ,

10 Species,

7 Species

8 Species,

6 Species

25.5
40.0
6.0
42.9
56.0
27.0
58.3?
22.50

278.23

.78

.7

6.0

3.8

2.0

*

47.0

5.6

19.0

4.6

3.25

40.65

14.0

66.68

30.25

21.2

48.25

35.38

39.75

65.51

5.5

39.1

8.0

36.7

6.0

13.3

229.78

333.22

*

$6 00

*

9 40

2 85

52 57

80 50

17 43

26 95

87 78

37 68

53 93

27 63

$412 72

$291 00

56 27

7 55

90 54

35 78

77 87

114 09

152 54

93 9^

89 65

30 26

$297 00

65 67

10 40
143 11
116 28

95 30
141 04
250 32
131 61
143 58

57 89

$78 15

""ii'73"
2 26

24
74
49
98
82
36

3 91

4 35

$1,039 48 1 $1,452 20

•No data.

W.P. White Pine.

P.P. Pitch Pine.

S.P. Scotch Pine.

N.S. Norway Spruce.

E.L. European Larch.

B.F. Balsam Fir.

D.F. Douglas Fir.

H. Hemlock.

B.W. Black Walnut

W.W. White Walnut.

KEY TO

SPECIES.

Ch.

Chestnut.

W.O.

White Oak.

R.O.

Red Oak.

CO.

Chestnut Oak.

S.M.

Sugar Maple.

W.A.

White Ash.

B.C.

Black Cherry.

Hick.

Hickory.

Cat.

Catalpa.

TABLE NO. 38.— STATE FOREST PLANTING— WILLOW CUTTINGS IN
HOLTS. SUMMARY BY FORESTS, 1910-15 INCLUSIVE.

Forest.

03

m

U

S

**

0

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0

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5

s

s

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Bear Meadows,

Blackwella

Buchanan

Caledonia

Chatham,

Grays Run.

Kiahacoqulllas,
Pennypacker,
Promised Land,

Rothrock

Slate Run

Stone

Tea Spring, ...

Totals, ...

1911

1911-15

1911-13

1910

1911

1912-14

1011-15

1911-13

1913

1911

1911

1911

1911

2,000

85,000

4.000

4.000

2.000

22.7.50

15.950

6,. ^.00

300

5.000

500

1,800

1,000

100,800

$8 ^6

115 13

in 99

26 is

9 62

115 62

54 61

19 8!>

2

9

4

39
10

n 87
5 35

$395 52

I

t

i>

I:

184

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

TABLE NO. 39.— STATE FOREST PLANTING— WILLOW CUTTINGS IN

HOLTS. SUMMARY BY YEARS.

1

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be

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4^

3

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Year.

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09

o

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1910

1911

1912

1913

1914

1915

Totals,

100,800

4,000

$26 18

16,800

85 22

24,000

46 70

8,300

34 81

13,750

98 23

33,950

104 38

$395 52

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY,

185

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REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

I>

I

SILVICULTURE AND MENSURATION.

This Bureau was established in 1913. Its work, not clearly de-
fined at first, has been gradually developed. Careful studies of the
duty of the Department involving silviculture and mensuration have
been made, an orderly procedure for its work has been outlined, and
its purpose at present is well defined. With systematic forest devel-
opment the Department must have at hand at all times definite data
respecting silviculture, protection, utilization and management. The
early ocular surveying sufliced but the intensive management of the
better developed forest requires more accurate and carefully made
surveys in topography and growth.

Artificial reforesting of cut over or otherwise denuded lands has
been progressing within the State forests since 1899. Data re-
specting the early plantings were not so carefully kept as our present
day needs demand, and the same is true of the early nursery data.
Under the stress of necessity, the first nurserymen followed definite
methods of keeping records. To collect and systematize all these
early facts is now deemed a necessity and the development of meth-
ods applicable to all forest and nursery conditions has now reached
the point where it is believed uniformity may be secured.

To know what the wood content of a forest is, is now for us as
necessary as a knowledge of its land content. Our early notes on
forest growth contained insufficient data for the making of stock
maps. Our present day growth survey, therefore, will deal with the
age class, density, species, and other facts necessary to be known.
Records must be systematically kept and as systematically filed and
preserved for future use. A method of numbering for forests is em-
plo^^ed following the plan used in numbering camp sites adopted
some years ago. Each forest is accorded a hundred numbers for its
camp sites. As an illustration, the Pennypacker Forest will include
all camp site numbers from 3401 to 3500 both inclusive. ^ The serial
number of this forest will, therefore, be 34. All camp sites on the
Barree Forest are numbered from 101 to 200 both inclusive. The
Barree Forest has, therefore, serial number 1. The Bear Meadows
Forest being the one in which numbered camp sites were first de-
signated uses the camp site numbers from 1 to 100 inclusive. This
forest will bear serial number A-1.

The report of the Bureau of Silviculture and Mensuration will
deal, for this Department report, with topographic and stock sur-
veys, plantations, and nurseries.

^1:

t.9^

I

III

» < I ;
.. I- > I « •

Topography of the Jacks Mountain State Forest.

Topographic survey crew running a primary traverse. — Jacks Mountain State Fo''e«'t.

. »

Foim for making concrete compartment comer posts, 4x4x24 inches.

Twenty posts made at one time.

Side boards removed.

Concrete Corner Posts,

No. 26.

Department of forestry.
Topographic and Stock Surveys.

isi

Plans for these surveys were made in 1913 and field work in sev-
eral forests immediately began. A report of the early progress of
this work will be found in the prior report of the Department for
the years 1912-13. By mid-summer of 1914 topographic and stock
survey work on six forests was well under way and has been pushed
as rapidly as conditions would permit. Barree forest is completed
and maps are now available. Topographic field work for Bear Mead-
ows and Seven Mountains forests is complete but the maps are not
yet finished. Delay here is caused by the questionable location of
county and township lines. Topographic field work in the Green-
wood, Kishacoquillas, and Penn forests is well under way. Work in
the Jacks Mountain and Pennypacker forests was undertaken in
1915 and is progressing. The eight forests now being surveyed for
topography and stock content contain an area of 168,000 acres, or
nearly one-sixth of the total area of all State forests.

In making these surveys private interior holdings and sometimes
those immediately adjacent to State land must necessarily be cov-
ered. The extra area will for this reason amount to as much as
5,000 acres in the case of the eight forests named.

Experience in field and office as this work progressed showed that
certain changes in the method of procedure were desirable and con-
sequently a set of revised plans for tht conduct of these surveys was
prepared and will be furnished to each of the topographers and
foresters.

The intention originally was to have the forester in charge make
the survey of his forest. The time of each forester, however, is so
well occupied with his duties of management that surveying could
be carried on only in a desultory manner. Even under the best con-
ditions he can proceed satisfactorily for only about five months of
the year. The inclement weather of the winter, the fire season, and
the spring planting account for the other seven months.

The plan is now to assign a graduate forester as a topographer to
each forest upon which survey work is being conducted. The topo-
grapher is assisted by the forester who thus is enabled to become in-
timately acquainted with the details of the work. When the survey
of one forest is completed, the topographer is moved to the next, and
so on. By use of the trained topographer we gain three important
advantages — speed, accuracy and uniformity.

Survey notes are plotted in the office of the Department. The
plotting requires the whole time of one man. Notes are plotted as
they are received. Sketches are made and sent to the field men who
are thus advised how the traverses plot out. All boundary corners
are tied in with field traverses and boundary lines subsequently
plotted.

ihi

188

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

All surveys are plotted to a scale of 800 feet to the inch resulting
in maps from 7 to 12 feet long and from 3 to 4 feet wide. To comply
with requests from hunters, fishermen, and those in search of recre-
ation, it is proposed to make reduced copies of all topographic maps.
Such a reduced map of the Barree forest has been made using a
scale of one-half mile to the inch. Prints are sold at the actual cost
of printing amounting to 15c for paper prints and 25c for linen.
The popularity of this plan for putting reliable maps of the forest
into the hands of the people is shown by the fact that in the fall of
1915 one hundred and thirty-seven such maps of the Barree forest
were sold.

In taking field notes, topographic field books are used. Carbon
copies of the notes are retained by the topographer and forester and
the book sent to the Department. This saves the extra work of
copying notes and eliminates the chance of making errors in copying.

Transits and levels must be kept in good adjustment and frequently
tested for accuracy. At every county seat, there is or should be an
accurately established meridian line to make such adjustments. The
instruments used by the Department in this work are given frequent
tests over those established lines so that no large amount of error
by reason of lack of instrument adjustment may go undetected.

The large item in the cost of topographic and stock surveys is the
time service of the forester and topographer. In all the surveys
numerous side shots must be made from stations for a variety of
purposes. Their aggregate length would amount to several miles
but this extra distance is not included in the length of the traverses.

The accompanying table (at page 193) of survey costs and length
of lines will show the total expenditure to January 1, 1916, and
includes that portion of the work done in the fall of 1913. The
larger item of expense as before stated is the time service of the
topographer, forester, and ranger, showing a balance of but $3,180.63
paid from other appropriations. As a result of two years' experience
it is found that other necessary work in forest management is not
impeded by the topographic and stock surveys.

The work of the topographic and stock survey somewhat more in
detail on the eight forests above named may be summarized as
follows :

Barree State Forest. — Forester T. Roy Morton, unassisted by a to-
pographer, began his survey in the fall of 1913 and finished the tra-
verses in the latter part of 1914. His line of levels was run from a
bench mark of the Pennsylvania Railroad at Petersburg station and
followed a public road into the forest; thence along Diamond Valley
and Harry Valley to the Bear Meadows Valley adjacent. Bench
marks were established every half mile and later used as bases to
obtain elevations along the traverses. Primary traverses were corn-

No. 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. 189

pleted in the spring of 1914. All lines are run bearing true north,
the magnetic declination of 6° 34' west being previously set off on
the transit. The topographic map of this forest was finished in 1915,
and the forest subdivided into 121 compartments each having an
average area of 148.7 acres. Where practicable, subdivision lines
were shifted so as to make compartment corners correspond with
traverse stations. Natural boundaries for compartments were used
wherever possible. The total length of the compartment lines in-
cluding boundary lines is 154.4 miles. The boundary lines of the
forest are about 50 miles. All the compartment lines will be opened
as soon as convenient, especially those to be used in protection.
Compartment lines are cut to a width of 6 feet. Tree tops meet
quickly overhead and sprout growth is shaded out. The plan is to
keep the surface of the soil bared within these lines as a help in
extinguishing forest fires.

For the marking of compartment corners an experiment in the
use of 60 concrete posts 4 inches by 4 inches by 24 inches, was tried.
The weight of the post is about 30 pounds and is set 18 inches in the
ground. Their total cost including material, transportation and set-
ting is 30c each.

It is suggested that some plan for placing the number of the com-
partment upon each post should be adopted and that a 2-inch brass
nail with a head an inch in diameter properly stamped and imbedded
in the concrete before hardening would be suitable. This method of
marking would at least be superior to sign boards which readily
decay, are frequently broken, and must consequently be replaced.

The survey of the township line between Franklin township on the
one hand and Barree, Logan, and West on the other illustrates
the difficulty met within our mountain counties. When the town-
ship was established, the dividing line was supposed to be straight
following the summit of Tussey mountain. Our topographic survey
shows that to follow the summit of the mountain it was necessary
to make thirty angles in the line. The Department has accepted
this as the boundary line between the townships named and all
maps are so drawn.

A planimetric survey of Barree forest shows the following area:
Huntingdon county:

Barree township, 766.5 acres

Franklin township, 4,200.5 "

Logan township, 3,468.9 "

Morris township, 292.6 '*

Porter township, 1,662.5 "

Spruce Creek township, 500.5 "

West township, 6,723.4 "

I

17,614.9 acres

I

190

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OP FORESTRY.

191

Centre county:

Ferguson township,

381.7 acres

Total, 17,996.6 acres

Forester MoAon is now making his growth studies and Age Class
Maps and Stand Maps will shortly be completed. Six permanent
sample plots have been established and will be used later in the
preparation of his volume tables.

Bear Meadows State Forest. — Topographic work was undertaken
by Forester Ludwig in the fall of 1913 and continued throughout
the summer of 1914 to September 1st, when Walter Leach was as-
signed to the work as topographer. Ludwig had previously run a
line of levels from a bench mark on bridge 34 of the Lewisburg &
Tyrone Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad. He extended this line
to the eastern end of his forest and established bench marks on the
two adjacent forests, one on Poe and one on Greenwood, and later
extended it to the boundary of the Barree forest where he checked
up with the bench mark previously established by Morton. All
bearings are true north, the magnetic declination of 6° 40' west
determined from the true meridian at State College having been
set off on the transit.

Primary traverses were run during 1914 and secondary in 1915,
and the work completed by July. l*lotting of the survey followed
and the topographic map is nearly finished. It is now awaiting the
accurate location of certain county corners. With the completion
of the map, the work of the subdivision into compartments will
follow.

Seven Mountains State Forest. — Field work in this forest was be-
gun by Forester Montgomery assisted by H. W. Siggins, topographer,
in the summer of 1914. Primary traverses were about completed at
the end of the year and a number of secondary lines run. All tra-
verse lines were finished in the summer of 1915. When compared
with the true meridian at State College, Montgomery's transit
showed a magnetic declination of 6° 50' west.

Montgomery's elevations were established from the bench marks
located by the State Highway Department along the road between
Potters Mills and Milroy. These established elevations resulted in
a large saving of time and money in the survey. The traverse map
is completed and the topographic map is nearing completion. Sub-
division into compartments will follow and the stock inventory im-
mediately undertaken thereafter.

Penn State Forest. — Forester Meok began work in the fall of 1913
unassisted. In September, 1914, Walter J. Bartschat was assigned
to him as topographer, and when Bartschat was transferred as for-

ester to Jacks Mountain forest, he was succeeded by Jesse M. Houtz.
A transit line from Paddy Mountain tunnel westward through Poe
Valley was used in the spring of 1914 for the location of a line of
levels from which the work on this forest proceeded. By the middle
of June, 1915, all but three thousand acres of the forest had been
surveyed. The first plan intended to leave this area untouched for
the present, but later it was run in and the whole survey will be
completed in 1916. There being no true meridian established near
the forest, an arbitrary magnetic declination of 6° west was set off
on the instrument. The topographic map of the Penn forest is near-
ing completion. Subdivision work will immediately follow.

Greenwood State Forest. — In the latter part of May, Forester
Bietsch began his survey assisted by Foresters Stadden and Woof as
topographers. His transit was adjusted over the true meridian
established at Lewistown and the magnetic declination of 6° 11' west
was set off on the instrument. Bietsch established his levels from a
series of bench marks located by the State Highway Department
through the Greenwood forest along the road between McAlevysfort
and Barrville. Both primary and secondary traverses were about
completed at the end of 1915.

Kishacoquillas State Forest. — Forester Warfield began his survey
in the fall of 1913 unassisted. His line of levels was run from a
bench mark at Paddy Mountain Tunnel on the Lewisburg & Tyrone
Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad, the same as was used by Meek
for the Penn forest survey. Warfield ran his levels to the farm in
Havice Valley, a distance of 6.6 miles and established 14 bench
marks. A new line of levels for a distance of 8 miles was run into
New Lancaster Valley from a Pennsylvania Railroad bench mark at
McClure. In September, 1914, Russell Fawley was assigned as
topographer. The magnetic declination for this survey was found
to be 6*^ 12' west and was set off on the instrument after being
determined from the true meridian at Lewistown. Many difficulties
encountered caused this survey to go rather slowly. Much cutting
and brushing was necessary because of the lack of roads and trails.
All this increased the cost. The primary lines have been completed
and the survey will probably be finished by midsummer 1916.

Jacks Mountain State Forest. — Forester Bartschat began this
survey August 2, 1915. Topographer Houtz had charge from the
start. Lines of levels were run from the Pennsylvania Railroad
bench mark at Beaver Springs and from another at Weikert and a
branch line was run into New Lancaster Valley to tie up with the
levels established by Warfield. Excellent progress was made from
the start. Primary traverses are finished and a large part of the
secondary. Six weeks' work in 1916 will complete the field portion
of the survey. Subdivision into compartments and stock inventory

18

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192

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

will immediately follow. The magnetic declination for the instru-
ment used in this work was set off at 6° 20' west and determined by
the true meridian at Lewistown. All the plotted field notes closed
showing that the work has been carefully and accurately done.

Pennypacker State Forest. — Forester Bryner, assisted by topog-
rapher Walter Leach, began his preliminary work July 1, 1915. A
line of levels was run from a bench mark on State Highway Route
122 and was extended a distance of 19 miles to a similar mark on
Route 191. The magnetic declination was determined by a sight on
Polaris and set off on the instrument as 6° 40' west. The survey of
half the forest is about completed. Camping was necessary to ac-
commodate the crew. At least 100 miles of traverses remain to be
run and the survey is expected to be completed in the fall of 1916.

Beds of two year old white pine seedlings.— Asaph Nursery. August 11, 1915.

Two Year Old White Pino i)lantod in permanent plantation when one year old
Buchanan State Forest. Picture taken at the end of the second growing season
from seed. Height 5 inches.

■ 1

1!

No. 26.

Permanent sample plot established in second growth hardwoods. — Barree State

Forest.

Establishing a ncrmanent sample plot. Calipering trees and painting numbers on

each. — Barree State Forest.

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REPORT OP THE

Off. Doc.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

19S

SURVEYS.

The report of the activities of the Division of Surveys for the years
IDU and 1915, follows:

1914.

February 1. A contested camping site in Union county which
lohn Rein desired to lease to an Altoona Hunting Club, was sur-
veyed in company with Surveyors Hayes and Riehl. The result
-showed that Mr. Rein was not the owner of the tract in question.

March 19. Topographic survey was begun of the Laurel Lake
region in the Pine Grove Forest, Cumberland county. The work
was in charge of Forester McNeal, assisted by Mustin and Smith.
During the survey the question of location of the interior holdings
of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company in this forest
was worked out, the tracts permanently located and marked with
short iron rails.

April 7. Extensive repairs to buildings, including grading, re-
moval and reconstruction, were undertaken at the group of build-
ings in the Pine Grove Forest recently acquired from the South
Mountain Mining and Iron Company.

April 20. The installation of a water supply system for the
DuBois Nursery, Clearfield Forest, was undertaken, the Skinner
over-head system being used for the purpose. Distribution is" made
with a 3-cylinder Gould pump forcing water through 5 overhead
lines of IJ inch pipe. The forester estimates that the spray system
saves at least a year in time in the growth of seedling trees.

June 15. Surveys and grading were begun for the forester's house
about to be erected near Newton Hamilton in the Rothrock Foi-est.

August 17. Survey of the Hopkins Forest was completed and the
forester's map is being made.

August 23. Survey to correct the location of the Parson lands
about to be bought by the Department, was begun.

September 14. A survey to determine the location of the Parker
tracts near Boalsburg, Centre county, was made with the assistance
of Forester Ludwig.

September 23. A correction of the confusion arising from earlier
surveys of the warrants in Elk township, Tioga county, was made
after investigation with Surveyors Dean, Green and Wetzel, assisted
by Forester Jerald.

November 5. The building of a system for permanent water supply
at Pine Grove Furnace, was begun.

December 1. Survey of the Dauphin County Forest was started by
Forester Mustin and Surveyor Daniels. The work was interfered
with by heavy snows.

General surveys which have been in progress for some time were
continued throughout the year, and when finished were followed by
the making of the new series "maps. Such surveys were made or
continued in the Karthaus Division, Clearfield Forest, made by
Charles L. Wetzel, assisted by Forester McNanghton. The Hopkins
Forest, Crawford Division and Whetham Division, by Surveyor
Wetzel and Forester Ryon. The Loyalsock Division in Lycoming
county, by Surveyor Wetzel and Forester Bastian. The Sizerville
Division of the Sinnemahoning Forest by Surveyor Andrews and
Forester Evans. The Hull Division of the Sinnemahoning Forest
by Surveyor Andrew^s and Forester Perry. The Pocono Division of
the Minisink Forest, by Surveyor Schorr and Forester Strobeck.
The Pine Grove Forest by Surveyor Tritt and Forester Mustin.

The result of the 1914 surveys shows 340 miles of completed
boundary lines surveyed and located, at a cost of $25.00 per mile, and
an average cost of f23.10 per day. These costs are slightly higher
than the cost of surveys in 1909 and 1913, which was $17.60 per day.
The increase is accounted for by the general rise in the cost of ma-
terials, supplies, boarding, lodging, labor, and teams.

The Chief Surveyor suggests that where a State line crosses a
prominent highway, a permanent iron line post be prominently set,
and that the iron post be buried three feet in the ground, projecting
about 5 or 6 feet above ground, to which shall be riveted a flat plate
parallel with the direction of the line, the plate to be tarred black
with a large white "S" indicating State ownership printed thereon.
In the drafting room during this year, the Chief Surveyor was as-
sisted by Foresters McNeal, Mustin, Mumma, Keller, Smith. Mr.
Mumma devoted his whole time to the topographic and stock survey
then in progress.

New system maps of original land warrants were created during

the year as follows:

Map F-3, covering southern Tioga and northern Lycoming coun-
ties. Traced by Mustin.

Map E-6, northern Centre and southwestern Clinton counties.
Connected by Mumma, traced by Keller.

Topographic map of the Laurel Lake region in the Pine Grove
Forest. McNeal, Mustin, Smith.

196

REPORT OF THE

Oflf. Doc.

The following forester's maps were completed:

10, Cameron county, Sinnemahoning Forest, Sizerville Division.
Mustin.

1-A, Mifflin county, Seven Mt. Forest, Jacks Mt. Division, con-
nected by Ranger Middleswarth, traced by Keller.

33, Clearfield Forest, Karthaus Division; McNeal.

40, Clinton county, Wlietham Forest, Bobbins, Ferney and Craw-
ford Divisions. Constructed by Mc:^eal from Wetzel survey.

42, Lycoming county. Grays Run Forest ; Keller.

43, Lycoming county, Loyalsock Forest; McNeal.

In addition to the foregoing work, extra drafting was necessary
to keep older maps to date so as to correspond with later surveys,
and new data obtained from the foresters and surveyors. Detail
maps and drafts were made for the use of surveyors. Search for
original warrants and data from the Department of Internal Af-
fairs required much effort. When not working over the drafting
tables, the assistants were engaged as instument men and assistants
in making the actual surveys on the ground.

SURVEYS.

1915.

For the year 1915, the chief surveyor reports the following sur-
veys, general repairs, and construction work.

The survey of the McElhattan state forest in Clinton county was
begun June 7th with Surveyor Charles L. Wetzel, of Beavertown,
in charge, aided by Forester Joseph Hogentogler. This survey was
tedious on account of the extended character of the lands. Several
changes in camping and boarding places had to be made. It required
the running of forty-four miles of very badly mixed up final lines,
and almost double that length of preliminary lines.

In June the survey of boundary lines of lands purchased in Union
county for the use of the Home for Feeble-minded Women was made
by the chief surveyor assisted by Forester A. C. Silvius, of Laurel-
ton, and a draft thereof was added to the map of that district.

In the same month the dispute as to the ownership of the Criss-
man lands claimed by T. W. Lauver, was settled in favor of the De-
partment upon evidence founded on a survey of the land by the
chief surveyor in 1913.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

197

The survey of the Haldeman State forest, known as the "Elder
Lands," in Dauphin county, was begun in November, 1914, but was
discontinued when the heavy ice storm broke so many trees the
crews could not get through the tangle of broken trees and brush.
This survey was resumed by the chief surveyor, with W. J. Daniel,
of Elizabethville, as engineer, assisted by Foresters Mustin, McNeal,
Houtz and Leach, and completed this year.

Considerable timber cutting by private individuals had been done
on these lands, and after the boundary survey was completed the
tract was carefully "stumped" and the damage estimated and tabu-
lated. This work was completed about August 1st.

On June 26th the chief surveyor, with Foresters Bodine and Mus-
tin, and Rangers Oppel, Woodside and McCoy, surveyed and marked
the compromise lines between the lands claimed by the Department
and those claimed by the Patterson heirs, in Juniata county. This
dispute has been open for several years, and three separate surveys
were made at various times in preparation for a contest in court;
but the contestants decided at last to settle upon a compromise line
on the summit of Shade Mountain. The line was so run and marked,
and is now the recognized boundary between the properties.

On October 11th, with the assistance of Forester Meek, of Coburn,
the line near the Paddy Mountain tunnel in Centre and Miflflin coun-
ties, was re-run to determine the status of claims made by private

persons.

On October 25th, assisted by Surveyor C. L. Wetzel and Forester
John A Bastian, of Loyalsock, the lines of the lands offered by Smith-
gall and Fessler, in Lycoming county, were run out, the lines marked
and mapped and the areas calculated.

November 2d, the chief surveyor accompanied by William A.
Moore, surveyor for the Department of Internal Affairs, Charles L.
Wetzel, and Forester Max Mtiller, of Hammersley Fork, ran various
original lines in Clinton county to determine the exact location of
lines of certain lands supposed to be vacant, and applied for by pri-
vate persons. A vacancy was found to exist, and, under the law,
was granted to the Department by proper patent. Prior to this time
Surveyor Wetzel and Forester Mtiller made preliminary surveys in
the Tamarack region.

November 22d, the Doubling Gap hotel lands having been pur-
chased, it was decided to make a complete survey of the lines in order
to settle certain questions of title and area. The chief surveyor,
with S. D. Mowery, surveyor, of Newville, and Foresters Mustin,
Morgan and Baer, began the work and continued it until finished,

198

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

December 23d, after which it was carefully computed for area and
mapped. This land was added to the Pennypacker State forest, and
is now in charge of Forester Bryner. In this survey about thirty-
two miles of final and preliminary lines were run.

CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIRS.

In March a system of overhead sprinkling was decided upon and
installed in the Greenwood nursery, Huntingdon county. It has
proved itself a desirable and satisfactory system for watering young
seedlings. This system was also established upon a small area of
the Mont Alto nursery. Lack of sufficient water head prevented fur-
ther installation. This will probably be remedied by using a higher
water source in the near future.

In April work was begun on the highway at Laurel Dam, Cum-
berland county. The old road was objectionable because of a heavy
grade over a long, steep hill. The highway now follows a lesser
grade, and skirts the beautiful t?heet of water known as Laurel Lake.
The rocks encountered in the construction of the road were ex-
tremely hard, and required blasting. A heavy fill was made and new
bridges built. While at this work the terrible forest fire occurred,
which burned several cottages, a farm house and barn, as well as the
large ice house at the lake. All the men were engaged in fighting the
fire until it was surrounded and under control.

COST OF SURVEYS.

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The drafting force for 1915, under the supervision and direction
of the chief, consisted of the chief surveyor and Foresters McNeal

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

199

and Mustin. Foresters Smith, Keller, Baer and Morgan were em-
ployed temporarily. Forester McNeal left the office October 1st,
upon being appointed District Forester for Berks county.

During the year the following maps were completed:

No. 9, Austin State Forest, Forester's map, McNeaL

Detail maps, McNeal.

No. 44, Bald Eagle State Forest, Forester's map. Smith.

D-4, New System Map, Clearfield county, Smith.

E-7, New System Map, Clinton county, Keller.

Fire triangulation map, including parts of Potter, Tioga, Clinton,
and Lycoming counties, Keller.

Detail Maps, Morgan.

Detail Maps, Baer.

No. 27, Pine Grove Forest, Forester's Map, Mustin.

No. 27, Pine Grove Forest, Warrant Map, Mustin.

No. 26, Caledonia Forest, Forester's Map, Mustin.

No. 51, Haldeman Forest, Forester's Map, Mustin.

No. 51A, Haldeman Forest, Topographic Map for U. S. G. S.
Sheets, Mustin.

Detail Maps, Mustin.

Pike county folio map, by townships.

During the year a new and complete folio map of Pike county, by
townships, was constructed and drafted. The townships are shown
as at present recognized, and the map includes not only every war-
rant that has been issued by the Department of Internal Affairs for
Pike county, but also the surveys made on the ground by Frank
Schoor for this Department. It is in all probability the most com-
plete and correct warrantee map of Pike county in existence. The
entire service of Foresters Mustin and McNeal during the year,
while not engaged on the work heretofore mentioned, was required
in the construction and drafting of this map.

This is an innovation in the matter of making county maps, and
because of its proved worth and usefulness, this method of con-
structing county maps in which there are large areas of State land
will likely be continued.

The maps made by this Department have been of general public
service in matters not directly connected with forestry. They are
based upon original data taken from the Department of Internal
Affairs and actual surveys on the ground made by the Forestry De-
partment. The large and continual number of requests for certain
maps in part or as a whole, by owners of contiguous land, hunters,
campers, naturalists, and others, indicate the general acceptance
and use of the Department maps. Complying with these requests
means special work for the Division of Surveys. Provision ought

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200

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc

to be made for the printing and distribution of the maps. There
have been in the past a large number of requests for a map of the
State showing State lands. For every such request it was necessary
to construct a new map. We, therefore, suggest the lithographing of
such maps in sufficient number to meet the demand.

In the future it is intended to place line marks where State lines
cross public thoroughfares. The iron standard, with boiler plate,
flat surface, having a plain black background and white "S," is sug-
gested as an inexpensive and practical marker. It would thus be-
come a positive land mark known by tourists, hunters, and all per-
sons enjoying State land privileges. The cost is small and the up-
keep practically nothing.

LIGHTNING IN THE STATE FORESTS.

Much has lately been said concerning lightning as a cause of forest
fires. Lightning undoubtedly does cause "considerable damage to
good trees, but the part it plays in the starting of forest fires has
never been adequately investigated in this State.

Beginning with 1912, the State Foresters were directed to pay
special attention to the collection of statistics in regard to the preva-
lence of lightning, its effect upon the trees struck, and whether or
not ignition followed the stroke; also whether general forest fires,
or what might have resulted in general forest fires, followed.

The collection of data during the four years last past has accord-
ingly proceeded, and to this time the Department is able to give a
summary of the facts thus far learned.

In the following table the species struck are indicated in the order
of their frequency. The count month by month is shown and the
total for the four years collected in the last column.

With respect to actual fires started from lightning bolts, it is
shown that for the four year period, 65 of the lightning bolts actually
fired the trees struck. Some of the fires were extinguished by the ac-
companying rain and others would have become large and possibly
destructive fires had they not been early detected and extinguished.
A table showing the fires thus started, by years and species, is also
appended.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

201

LIGHTING REPORT, 1912-1915, INCLUSIVE.

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White pine, ...

Hemlock,

Red oak,

White oak

Black oak

Locust,

Sugar maple, .

Gum,

Hickory,

Scarlet oak, ...

Pin oak

Yellow birch, .
Wild cherry, ..

Ash,

Linden,

Beech,

Red maple,

Tulip

Cucumber,

Elm

Red pine

White birch, ..

Walnut

Poplar,

Black birch, ..
Norway spruce.

17
1
2
1
1
1

41

22

7

6

8

10

10

6

1

3

1

1

2

34

123

141
i>8
62

27

22

11

11

15

8

3

3

217

108

€0

66

66

48

35

24

25

4

7

8

9

3

2

1

3

174
133
47
53
45
31
34
16
16

412

696

58?

59
4
5
6

20
4
4
3

5

S

8

6

5

1

4

1

2

1

1

i

3

1

2

2

i

113

17

655

327

186

169

168

117

95

62

67

24

19

19

16

9

9

8

7

6

5

6

5

3

3

2

2

2

2

1

1

1.984

TREES STRUCK AND IGNITED, 1912-1915 INCLUSIVE.

Species.

White pine.
Hemlock, ...
Chestnut, ...
Pitch pine, .
Sugar maple.

Oak

White maple.

Ash

Birch

Elm,

Totals,

1912.

18

1913.

7

3

3

5

4

3

2

2

1

2

2

1

1

i

19

1914.

1915.

12
3

1

1
3
1
2

2
3

20

8

Total.

23
12
10
7
5
3
2
1
1
1

FOUGHT FIRE AND FORGOT TO VOTE.

Porter township, Pike county, intended to hold a primary election
on May 19, 1914. The judge of election, George Miller, was early
at his post of duty and after waiting all day no members of the

ao2

REPORT OF THE

Oflf. I>oc.

election board appeared nor any voters to cast their ballots. Of the
13 registered voters in Porter township, the other 12 were busily
engaged in fighting fire all that day.

TELEPHONE POLES OF GLASS.

It is reported that a manufacturing plant near Frankfurt, Ger-
many, is making glass poles for telephone and telegraph wires. A
frame work of woven wire is first prepared, which is then molded
into the body of a glass pole. It is stated that these are taking the
place of wooden poles in Germany.

The advantage of such poles may be summarized as follows: The
material from which they may be made is practically unlimited in
quantity. So far as known, they will last indefinitely, barring acci-
dent. They are not subject to the effects of the weather nor can
they be attacked by insects or fungi. They are non-conductors of
electricity.

It is further stated that experiments are under way for the making
of railroad ties and paving blocks from glass. In the city of Lyons,
France, it is reported that a number of streets paved with glass af-
ford better resistance to travel than stone and is not so ready a
conductor of heat as the granite block. Also, that they are cheaper
than granite.

Glass telephone and telegraph poles, railroad ties, and paving
blocks may in the future assist largely in conserving an enormous
quantity of wood required annually for these purposes.

I

SUMMER MEETING OF THE SOCIETY OF EASTERN FOR-
ESTERS.

On the invitation of the Commissioner of Forestry, the Society of
Eastern Foresters held its 1915 summer meeting at the Forest
Academy at Mont Alto, July 30th and 31st. The persons present,
arranged as in the accompanying illustration, were as follows:

, •••••

No. 26,

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

203

(Upper row, left to right.)
R S. Hosmer, Dean, Cornell Dept. Forestry.
Alfred Gaskill, Forester, New Jersey.
Robert G. Conklin, Forester, Caledonia State Forest.
Dr. H. P. Baker, Dean of N. Y. State College of Forestry.
J. S. Illick, Instructor, State Forest Academy.
W. G. Conklin, Forester, Pa. Dept. Forestry.
G. A. Retan, Instructor, State Forest Academy.
Robert S. Conklin, Commissioiner of Forestry, Pennsylvania.
John Foley, Forester for Penna. R. R. Co.

G. A. Gutches, Ranger School, N. Y. State College of Forestry.
H. H. Chapman, Instructor, Yale Forestry School.
R. C. Jones, State Forester, Virginia.

John M. Briscoe, Professor of Forestry, University of Maine.
J. W. Tourney, Director Yale Forestry School.

(Lower row, left to right.)

Irvin C. Williams, Deputy Commissioner of Forestry, Pennsylvania.
E. A. Ziegler, Director, State Forest Academy.

Philip W. Ayres, Forester, Society for Protection of New Hampshire
Forests.

E. C. Hirst, State Forester, New Hampshire.
W. O. Filley, State Forester, Connecticut.

F. W. Rane, State Forester, Massachusetts.
A. F. Hawes, State Forester, Vermont.

C. P. Wilber, State Fire Warden, New Jersey.

H. R. Bristol, Supt. Woodlands, Chateaugay Ore & Iron Co.

R. C. Hawley, Asst. Instructor, Yale Forestry School.

W. G. Schwab, Assistant Forester, Maryland.

F. W. Besley, State Forester, Maryland.

The following persons also were present but are not shown in the
picture :

Dr. Perley Spaulding, U. S. Bureau Plant Industry.
George H. Wirt, Forest Inspector, Pennsylvania.
F. W. Beckman, Forester, Altoona, Pa.
L. E. Staley, Forester, Mont Alto State Forest.

The morning of the first day was spent in a trip to the Old Forge,
taken in automobiles over the new forest road. This road was built
complete for f 1,710 per mile. Several members of the party remarked
on the good construction and serviceability of the road in comparison
with its cost. At the Forge the plantations were inspected and the
game preserve and the Waynesboro water supply reservoir were ex-

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No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

200

n

amined. On the return trip the party visited the Sandy Ridge im-
provement cuttings, where the Department has thinned a large area
of mixed hardwoods at a financial profit and to the advantage of the
trees remaining.

In the afternoon inspections were made of the Mont Alto nursery,
a pitch pine stand underplanted with Norway spruce, and an area
of chestnut coppice which is being converted into a white pine forest.
The evening was given over to informal discussions, mostly on the
problems of the farm woodlot, and to a talk on the white pine blister
rust by Dr. Spaulding.

The second day was spent on the Caledonia State Forest, with a
visit en route to the Ben George forest of yellow pine and hardwood.
The items of chief interest at Caledonia were a plantation of white
pine and white ash in mixture, the Chambersburg water supply
system, experimental plantations made in scrub oak, the fire fighting
system, and the forest road to the Sanatorium.

At the end of their visit the foresters were unanimous in saying
that what they had seen of the practice of real forestry in Pennsyl-
vania had been a revelation to them. Below are given several quo-
tations which express the general attitude of the body.

"I have yet to see State forests in which there exists a better or-
ganization of both personnel and material."

"The two State Forests which we have just visited approach
nearer the forests of Germany, which I have also visited, than any
other I have seen in America."

"Some States may have a greater acreage of state-owned forest
land than Pennsylvania, but I feel sure that none takes better care
of its land."

"Lest you may care to have it on record, I want to repeat in
writing on behalf of the Society of Eastern Foresters what was ex-
pressed so freely and fully at Mont Alto, namely, that the Forest
Academy and the Pennsylvania Department of Forestry gave the
Society one of the most profitable and satisfactory, as well as one of
the most pleasant meetings that it ever had. I am sure that no
member will fail to mark our Mont Alto meeting with a big red
cross."— Alfred Gaskill, Secretary Society of Eastern Foresters.

FRANK D. JERALD, STATE FORESTER.
June 14, 1883— November 12, 1914.

Frank D. Jerald, a forester of the Pennsylvania Department of
Forestry, was shot to death in the woods of Lycoming county No-
vember, 1914. His wound was received November 11th and he died
the following day, November 12th, at the Williamsport Hospital.

Frank D. Jerald was a young forester of much promise. He was
graduated from the Pennsylvania State Forest Academy in August,
1910. Was married to Janet Zacharias, of Chambersburg, the fol-
lowing November, and at the time of his death left to survive him
his widow and three little children, Mary, Adelaide and Barbara,
the youngest being a little over three months old.

The cause of this sad and much to be regretted occurrence was a
high power rifle shot received at the hands of Arthur Callahan, a
member of a hunting party. Immediately after his wounding Mr.
Jerald was removed to the hospital at Williamsport, where at first
it was believed he had a chance of recovery, but sank rapidly and
lived scarcely a day following his admission.

The body of the deceased forester was laid to rest in the family
plot in Mansfield cemetery the following Sunday, November 15, 1914,
in the presence of a large concourse of friends and his colleagues,
members of the Commission, foresters, and rangers of the Pennsyl-
vania Forest Service.

Immediately thereafter the Department of Forestry called the at-
tention of the District Attorney of Lycoming county to the facts of
this case. After making an investigation, the District Attorney caused
a warrant of arrest to be issued for Callahan, under which he was
promptly apprehended and later was indicted on a charge of invol-
untary manslaughter, although the coroner's jury had previously
discharged him on the ground that it was an unavoidable accident.
The trial of the defendant occurred at Williamsport at the suc-
ceeding term of court in March, and on March 3, 1915, he was ac-
quitted by a jury of his peers. The defence was that a deer had
actually been seen in the neighborhood or at the spot at which Cal-
lahan fired the shot, and thinking that something white about Jer-
ald's clothing was a reappearance of the deer, he fired with the above
fatal result. The first mention believed to have been made of this

206

REPORT OF THE

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No. 26.

evidence was when the defendant himself went upon the witness
stand.

The following extracts are taken from a Williamsport newspaper
which published a lengthy report of the trial :

"The jury came back in about an hour with a verdict ac-
quitting Callahan and placing the costs on the county. Calla-
han shook hands fervently with his counsel and with a news-
paper man and then began pumphandling the right arms of the
jurors and pouring out his thanks. The jurors accepted them
with smiles and Callahan left court with Harris A. Spotts,
his counsel, about the happiest man in Williamsport.

"Although Callahan has held all along that he did not shoot
carelessly and that he believed that he saw a deer at the time
he fired his rifle, he offered to plead nolo contendere at one
time. When it was insisted that the case must be brought to
trial Callahan and his counsel began the preparation of the
vigorous defense which was followed by his acquittal."

It is not possible to pass over this case without remarking upon
the great difference which exists in the law of this State respecting
the unlawful killing of a man and the unlawful killing of a deer. If
the object at which Callahan fired had in fact been a male deer
without horns, or a doe, and he had killed it, he would then have in-
stantly been subjected, upon summary conviction, to the penalties
provided by the game laws of this State for such an act. Quoting
from Section 18 of the act of May 1, 1909, as amended by the act of
May 1, 1913, P. L. page 137, which was the law at the time of the
commission of the above offence: -It shall he unlawful for any per-
son , . , to kill in any (me season more than one deer, which in
every mstance shall he a male deer with horns two inches ahove the
hair/' . . . <<Each and every person violating any provision of
this section shall he sentenced to pay a penalty of one hundred dol-
lars for each offense."

Quoting again from Section 31 of the act above cited, it is pro-
vided as follows: -Each and every magistrate, alderman, or justice
of the peace, on complaint made hefore him hy the affidavit of any
person, of a violation of any of the provisions of this act hy any
person, is herehy authorized and required to issue a warrant under
his hand and seal directed to any constahle, police officer, game pro-
tector, deputy game protector, or any other officer of the State whose
duty It IS to protect the game or xcild hirds of the State; and to cwuse
such persons to he hrought hefore him, the said magistrate, alder-
man, or justice of the peace, who sMll hear the evidence and deter-
mine the guilt or innocence of the person charged. If the accused
he convicted of such offense, he shall he sentenced to pay the penalty
prescnhed hy the section violated, together with costs of suit ''

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

207

Such is the wonderful speed and celerity with which officers of
the law are required to punish summarily those who violate the game
laws, and how scandalously different seems to be the case when it
comes to the enforcement of the laws enacted for the punishment of
those who take human life, intentionally or unintentionally; and,
in this case, with a result so widely at variance with that to be ob-
tained for the illegal killing of a deer.

And in addition to the above railroad speed with which a defend-
ant is handled in the case of a game law violation, should he be un-
willing or unable to pay his fine and suffer imprisonment instead,
all his guns and shooting paraphernalia and other appliances used
in violation of the law which are shown to have been in his posses-
sion or control at the time of the violation, shall be declared for-
feited to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ; and should he conceal
or attempt to conceal any game m illegally taken, both himself
and his property are made subject to the operations of a rigorous
search warrant with similar forfeitures to be incurred; and when
such violator is arrested without imrrant in the act of violating any
of said laws, all his guns and shooting paraphernalia of every de-
scription are seized and held subject to the penalty which is imposed
upon him, and the costs, and unless he shall give security for their
release, all such forfeited goods shall be sold at public outcry at the
place where the conviction was secured.

In the case of Callahan, he admitted the killing, but claimed it
was mistakenly done and therefore in his opinion unavoidable. In
the case of the unlawful deer, that could not and would not have
availed him. In the case of the dead man, the slayer was exoner-
ated by a coroner's jury and later by "a jury of his peers" in court,
while in the case of the unlawful deer he would have paid the fine
or served one day in prison for each dollar of fine and costs imposed,
and in addition suffered the forfeitures above named. No excuse
that it was mistakenly done and therefore unavoidable can be toler-
ated in the case of deer killing. How different in the case of man
killing !

The above facts are cited simply for the purpose of showing the
glaring disparity which seems to exist between the laws made for
the protection of sport and those made for the protection of men. In
the case of the deer a man must, at his peril, ahsolutely know what
he is firing at. If he makes a mistake the fact that he made one does
not help him. It certainly seems to be otherwise in the case of
human life. While Mr. Jerald at the time of receiving his wound
was a member of a hunting party, the result might easily have been
the same had he been nearby in the woods engaged in other 'work.
It is as necessary for the foresters and employes of this Department
to be in the forest pursuing their daily vocations during the time of

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REPORT OF THE

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the open deer season as at other periods of the year; but with high
power guns and reckless rattleheaded men carrying them, the woods
have become a hot bed of danger, such that no employe of this De-
partment should be subjected to. There are men who, in the pursuit
of their so-called sport, will fire deliberately at any moving or un-
usual object, taking a long chance that they may bring down their
quarry; but which frequently results in the wounding or killing of
a man, just as in this case, and for which the excuse that the offender
was mistaken in his conclusion as to what the object was, seems to
be all too easily available.

The reports of the Game Commission show that in the year 1914,
31 persons in Pennsylvania lost their lives in the woods during the
hunting season, and in 1915, 29 persons were similarly killed, while
the number of wounded and maimed during the same period was
very many times as great. Are we not up to the time when men shall
be held to a stricter accountability for the use of fire arms in the
hunting season than they have been in the past, and would it not
be proper in making such an endeavor, first to banish, in hunting,
the use of the high power rifle? What possible reason or justifica-
tion is there for the use of a rifle which will kill at a distance of a
mile or even farther, when it is known as a matter of experience that
it is next to impossible for a hunter to distinguish the deer at which
he may lawfully shoot, under conditions usually found in this State,
at a distance greater than 200 yards?

The death of this promising young forester is lamented by the De-
partment and by all his friends. Should his death be the means of
assisting to correct what is coming to be recognized as a very great
but avoidable evil, even in death he will then have accomplished
something for his living friends which, living he might not have
been able to do.

Frank D. Jerald, our young friend, is dead. A widow mourns.
Three little children call for a father who comes not. "And Callahan
left court with Harris A. Spotts, his counsel, about the happiest mr-
in Williamsport."

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

209

TESTIMONIAL LUNCHEON TO DR. J. T. ROTHROCK, MAY

4, 1914.

HISTORICAL.

In 1880 a meeting was called in the Hall of the Pennsylvania His-
torical Society at Philadelphia to consider the advisability of found-
ing an Association for the promotion of Scientific Forestry. To this
meeting the Pennsylvania State Forestry Association owes its origin.
Realizing the importance of having from the first an active and ef-
ficient Secretary, thoroughly versed in the subject of Forestry,
which was then an almost unknown science in this country, an ef
fort was made to secure Dr. Joseph T. Rothrock, then Professor of
Botany at the University of Pennsylvania, as Secretary of the newly
formed Association. It was known that he was better qualified than
anyone else in Pennsylvania to fill this important position, as he was
thoroughly familiar with the condition of our forests, and had had
for many years at heart the better care and management of them.
After due deliberation Dr. Rothrock decided to accept the appoint-
ment, although in so doing he was obliged to resign his professorship
and to make financial sacrifices.

From that day in 1886 to this, first as Secretary of the Association,
later as the first Pennsylvania State Forest Commissioner, and for
many years as a member of the State Forestry Reservation Commis-
sion, he has devoted his best energies to the Forestry cause, not only
in Pennsylvania but in the United States. He has been absolutely
untiring in his efforts to interest our people in the paramount neces-
sity of a national care of our timber resources. He has insisted, in
his own forceful way, at numberless meetings and conventions of all
sorts, and in the halls of the Legislature, that our continued pros-
perity is closely bound up with the proper care of our woodlands.

To him more than to any other man we owe the establishment of
the Pennsylvania State Forest Reservations and his teachings and
demonstrations have forwarded and supported this policy in other
States and in the establishment of the National Forest Reserves.

Dr. J. T. Rothrock was the first Commissioner of Forestry in
Pennsylvania. He held this oflSce continuously from February 27,
1901 to the first day of June, 1904. Upon resigning his office on the
latter date, he was appointed by Governor Pennypacker a member
of the State Forestry Reservation Commission, which ofllce he held

14—26—1916

210

REPORT OF THE

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until December 8, 1913. At that time he desired to relinquish his
public duties, tendered his resignation to Governor Tener, and re-
tired to private life.

The Pennsylvania Forestry Association deeming it wise to give
public recognition to the honorable and successful public service
rendered by Dr. Rothrock in the cause of forestry, decided to present
him with a loving cup at a testimonial luncheon to which the friends
of forestry in Pennsylvania and elsewhere might be invited. The
luncheon was given at the Harrisburg Club on May 4, 1914 to at-
tend which special invitations were sent to the following officials:

The Commissioner and Deputy Commissioner of Forestry of Penn-
sylvania, and the members of the Forestry Reservation Commis-
sion.

The United States Forester and his associates.

The officers, Directors and Advisory Committees of the Following

Associations :

The Pennsylvania Forestry Association.

The Pennsylvania Conservation Association.

The American Forestry Association.

The National Conservation Association.

The National Conservation Congress.

The invitation included the members of the above Associations and
all persons interested in Forestry and Conservation.

The committee chosen to carry the arrangements into effect con-
sisted of the following persons:

His Excellency, John K. Tener, Governor of Pennsylvania.

A. B. Farquhar, President Pennsylvania Conservation Association.

Dr. H. S. Drinker, President of American Forestry Association and
of Lehigh University.

Miss Florence Keen, Advisory Board, Pennsylvania Conservation
Association.

The Right Reverend James H. Darlington, Bishop of the Diocese of
Harrisburg.

J. Horace McFarland, President American Civic Association.

John Birkinbine, President Pennsylvania Forestry Association.

Hon. Robert S. Conklin, Commissioner of Forestry of Pennsylvania.

William Russell Smith, Consulting Engineer, Pennsylvania Conserv-
ation Association.

Dr. Henry M. Fisher, Council, Pennsylvania Forestry Association.

Sixty-three persons were present at the luncheon and attached their
autographs to the following legend :

"The friends of Dr. Joseph Trimble Rothrock have gathered at
Harrisburg on this fourth day of May, 1914, to do him honor, and to

No. 28.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

211

express by their presence their appreciation of the paramount ser-
vices he has rendered to forestry in America. They ask his acceptance
of the loving cup presented to him in their behalf by the Governor
of Pennsylvania as a symbol and token of the love and veneration in
which he is held by his fellow-countrymen for his long continued,
patriotic, and disinterested services to his State and country; and
they tender to him this their assurance of esteem and affectionate
regard."

Hon. John Birkinbine, President of the Pennsylvania Forestry As-
sociation, presided, and introduced the Governor of the Common-
wealth, Hon. John K. Tener, with the following remarks :
Your Excellency, Ladies and Gentlemen :

It is unnecessary to explain why we meet to-day. Some years ago
at a National convention the members of the organization, while
parading the streets of Philadelphia, sang the refrain, "We're here
because we're here." We may paraphrase this into, "We're here be-
cause he's here."

I sit at the head of this table and preside at this meeting because
my colleagues on the committee felt that it was due to age that they
should extend this mark of respect, that is, to age as collaborator
with Dr. Rothrock, because he and I can hark back 28 years when we
participated in the organization of the Pennsylvania Forestry Asso-
ciation. In fact, as a tribute to his good nature, I may say that for
28 years we have served on the same Council without a quarrel. But
I dare not reminisce, for a toastmaster is expected to let others speak.
Possibly as the meeting proceeds I shall offer other thoughts, but
will add to the explanation of my position here that I was one of
those privileged to enjoy hearing Dr. Rothrock's Michaux lectures
many years ago.

It is seldom that so many real friends of one person come together,
and this gathering is pleasant for us and it is pleasant for him whom
we honor. We are especially gratified and honored that the chief
executive of a Commonwealth of seven and one-half million people
will leave his official duties to break bread with Dr. Rothrock and his
friends. I take pleasure in presenting our Governor, Hon. John K.
Tener.

The Governor of Pennsylvania in the following well chosen words,
then presented the loving cup to Dr. Rothrock :

!!!

Presentation Address by Hon. John K. Tener.

Mr. Chairman, Dr. Rothrock, Ladies and Gentlemen :

This gathering has to me a double significance. We are here to
honor our friend, and we are here to demonstrate that we believe it
is better to give the rose to the living than the wreath to the dead.

212

REt>ORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

An occasion of this kind is always delightful to me, because I believe
that in this life we should by our treatment of our fellowmen and of
our associates, so govern our actions that we may demonstrate to him
our full appreciation of his goodness and his services. One of the
former governors of this State has said that Pennsylvania, potent in
her strength and great in her achievements, has been tardy in recog-
nizing those who by their efforts have extended her influence; and
it is well that you, by your presence here and by this testimonial and
tribute to your old friend and associate, should gather as you do. I do
not propose to speak of the good Doctor's life, his splendid work, and
his great achievements for his community, for the State, and for the
Nation. Those who come after me are more conversant with his life
and what he has done, but I could not live in Harrisburg and I could
not take an interest in State affairs did I not learn, either from per-
sonal knowledge or from the lips of others, what the Doctor's life
has meant to Pennsylvania. Not only in what he may have done in
the conservation work of our forests and forest products and all that
relates thereto, but in the example of that splendid life, and there-
fore I think this gathering is especially fitting, and I am sure it will
always remain with the good Doctor a most pleasant recollection in
his after years.

It needs not the tangible evidence of your good will, that he should
be presented with any token at this time, and yet that he may have
such a token as will call forth recollections of this time his friends
have seen fit to secure a loving cup, that I might present it and that
he might forever after keep it.

And, Doctor, I do now, at this time, address myself to you ; and in
presenting this cup, which comes freely given, prompted by the hearts
and from the purses of your friends, I ask you to accept it as the
tangible evidence of the good feeling, the kindliness and friendship
of those who are gathered here to-day and of those of your other
friends. As you look upon it I hope that its base will represent, as
it were, the love and the strength of your friends ; that these handles
as they are moulded and welded to the cup shall remind you, in a
sense, of the hands and the arms of your friends that are ever out-
stretched to you in your time of need, and in support of you in your
sorrows; that this cup, the pure metal it contains, we know typifies
to us the strength and loyalty and purity of your own character;
and as you look into its bowl, that there you will find only the re-
flected faces and pleasant smiles of your friends, for the cup con-
tains, as it does at this moment, the very best wishes of those present.

In response to the presentation address of the Governor, Dr. Roth-
rock made the following reply:

No. 26.

l)Et>ARl^MENT OF FORESTRY

213

Your Excellency, President Birkinbine, Ladies and Gentlemen :

I had learned in an indirect way that some token was to be pre-
sented to me on this occasion, but I had no idea that anything of this
sort awaited me. It has simply overwhelmed me, and I hardly trust
myself to attempt a response. The one thought that is uppermost
in my mind is, that those who are present are the ones who really de-
serve this memento. I could not have been here to-day but for the
co-operation that I have received from the friends of forestry and
the contributions from all over this State; and in accepting this
splendid token of your friendship and esteem I feel that I ought
to accept it simply as its custodian, not as its owner, as the one par-
ticular sign of all our thought and work and interest in behalf of the
perpetual interests of this great Commonwealth. I feel that it be-
longs to us all; and while it has been delivered to me I accept it as
its custodian, to turn it over to those who succeed me as a sacred
trust in memory of those who have been pioneers in forestry and con-
servation in this country. It is an emblem to mark a point of prog-
ress in this great work. It is useless to hope for a perpetual era of
prosperity in our country if we neglect that upon which our pros-
perity depends; for out of the soil, in one shape or other, all of our
prosperity must come. There are many things I would like to say
in this connection. I accept this token as its custodian. I thank you
for it ; and I would, just for a moment, if you will indulge me, like
to read a brief statement which I have prepared, and which I think
may express my thoughts more directly and more clearly than I could
otherwise trust myself to do.

Conservation, including forestry, has become fixed as a policy of
this and of many other States. The principle of taking care of what
we have is so safe and so necessary, that no one calls it in question
to-day. Of course, the details differ with the locality, and each State
may recognize methods as specially adapted to its needs !

What concerns us to-day is, by what means Pennsylvania has been
led to take a first place in this widely extended movement.

It is a long story, for it dates back to the days when William Penn
was laying the foundations of the Commonwealth. Humphrey Mar-
shall recognized its importance in 1785. Governor Geary also had
distinct ideas upon the subject, as had also Governor Hartranft. In
the early seventies of 1800, Hon. Richard J. Haldeman, representing
Pennsylvania in our National Congress, made a most effective ad-
dress in Washington upon the question of forestry. For the period
of its delivery it was a clear statement of an urgent need, unsurpassed
by any American utterance before and by but few since that time.
For thirty years each Governor of the Commonwealth has been ac-
tively interested in and helped to direct public opinion and legisla-
tion to the firm foundation on which our State forestry now stands.

i

214

REPORT OF THE

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The actual constructive forestry work began in 1893. Governors
Pattison, Hastings, Stone, I*ennypacker, and Stuart, each made new
and substantial additions to our forestry code, suggesting and ap-
proving measures to and from friendly Legislatures, just as fast as
public sentiment matured and the finances of the State allowed. Now
and here is the proper time and place to direct attention, your Ex-
cellency, to the constructive forestry measures which have marked
your administration. The birth of new ideas is often slow, and their
adoption as a part of the permanent policy of the State may require
time, but the consensus of opinion appears to be that the three
Auxiliary Forest Bills which you approved mark an era in Pennsyl-
vania forestry, and that they will make it possible for a private citi-
zen to grow timber, which the State greatly needs, without injury
to any. other interest or without impoverishing himself.

Along side of these measures in their beneficent tendencies, one
may well place the acts which now open the forest reserves to the
citizens of the State. The only way to secure intelligent co-opera-
tion on the part of our citizens, with the forest reserve authorities,
is to give the people an actual interest in these reserves. Governor
Stone stated the proper relation when he announced that "the State
forests were to be the outing grounds of the people" — as they readily
can be without injury to the growing timber. New York State recog-
nized this years ago. When the Adirondack forest reserve was set
apart for the use of the people of New York it was a long step in ad-
vance.

The Pennsylvania Forestry Association entered the field in 1886
and has, during all these years, been a steady support and directing
force in formation of public sentiment and in obtaining wise legisla-
tion. It began its work when forestry was synonomous with senti-
ment and not highly esteemed by many men of an exclusively practi-
cal turn of mind ; love of home, of parents, of country, are largely
sentiment, but, nevertheless, the most powerful incentives to right
living and to productive effort for public good.

It is impossible here to name the host of our members who have
worked zealously and effectively in the forestry interests.

The American Civic Association, The Pennsylvania Conservation
Association, The American Forestry Association, and The State
Federation of Pensylvania Women, as a body and in the various
clubs, have labored with us for the common cause of conservation.
Our memberships largely interlock, for there is much in common to
all. It is safe to say that but for the combined efforts of all, the
most important forestry measures could not have been passed by our
last Legislature. Nor could they have become laws without the ap-
proval of our Governor.

I owe, and those who come after us will owe, a large debt of grati-
tude to Presidents Birkinbine, McFarland, Drinker, and Farquhar,

No. 28.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

215

representing the various organizations, for the constant support and
steady co-operation they have given to the important elements in
the vast, varied conservation problem.

I cannot pass by without a sincere and affectionate tribute to the
zeal, integrity and efficiency of those with whom I have had the honor
of association in the labors and deliberations of the Forestry Com-
mission. Nor can I fail to speak of the splendid body of young men
—the foresters— into whose care our forest reserves have passed

I regret that the necessities of this occasion require me to make any
allusions to myself. But I cannot be so unnatural as to make no sign
of my profound appreciation of the honor you have done me- nor
can I, on the other hand, fail to state explicitly and sincerely' that
but for the combined help of many others, each of whom I would like
to name, I could have had no case in this court. The only claim I
can make is, I have loved the work in the forestry interests and I
have tried to do the very best I could.

There is no marvel in it. Forests were everywhere in sight of my
early home. It was to them I fled for health, and I may almost say
for life itself. Year by year I saw them disappearing and much of
the ground on which they stood abandoned, until thousands of square
miles in Pennsylvania had become unproductive. Then, after seeing
what Germany did with her waste land, I resolved to go home and
spend the rest of my life as a forest missionary, simply because I
could think of nothing else in which I could be of so much use. I
realized my limitations and was satisfied to remain within the boun-
daries they fixed. That you, as I near the end of my life, have seen
fit to view with approval what I have tried to do, is to me a great
satisfaction. And I humbly trust it may serve to assure others that
well-meant endeavors are likely to be appreciated by the best and
wisest of their fellow men.

In recognizing my great indebtedness to the friends of conservation
in general, permit me, I beg of you, to make the further admission
that there have been times when the success of cherished plans seemed
to be hopeless, or in the distant future. But for the steady aid and
encouragement of my life companion, my safe adviser, my wife, faith
in victory, I fear, would have failed me. The best that I can say
for myself, at such times, is, that I am her contribution to the forestry
work in Pennsylvania.

I thank you, my friends, for this gathering in of the advocates of
conservation in all of its aspects, and I thank you for the loving cup.
The memory of each will last as long as I do, and I am sure will be
cherished by my family when I have ceased to labor in the cause we
all have at heart, after I have crossed the "great divide.''

Mr. A. B. Farquhar, President of the Pennsylvania Conservation
Association, and Dr. Henry S. Drinker, President of Lehigh Univ^r-

216

REPORT OF THE

Oflf. Doc.

3ity, were then called upon and responded with the following ad-
dresses :

Address of Mr. A. B. Farquhar.

We are met here to-day to pay a tribute to our friend, Pennsyl-
vania's Grand Old Man, Dr. Rothrock, whom we all love, and to offer
him a loving cup with inscription and an enclosure. But that is
merely a token of our appreciation and respect and love. Seventy
years ago, when I was a boy, I was asked by my mother to take a
bunch of flowers to an old uncle, with a message of love; and ^hen
I gave them to him he said, "When a message of love comes with a
bunch of flowers or a big round apple, I always know it is sincere."
This token will prove to the Doctor that we are sincere. He speaks
of using it for the benefit of the State, but the cup is given him for
himself and his seed forever ; and the enclosure is for his benefit and
that of his wife, to be used for their comfort, recreation and pleasure.
It was given with that understanding. I mention this because he
would always prefer to give his time, labor and money for others
than use it for himself.

I have been familiar with Dr. Rothrock's work for many years, but
never had an opportunity of seeing him till long afterward. We em-
braced when we met, and after talking together five minutes we felt
we had been companions for a lifetime. The influence of such a man
is permanent, for it is founded on truth and sincerity and tenderness.
He is a child of nature, and his very presence brings sunshine and the
fragrance of the woods and the flowers, and the song of the birds, and
makes one happier and better. I know I have felt his influence as an
inspiration to well doing.

There is really a good deal in love, as the poet expresses it ; and I
am still fond of poetry, though some of my friends make fun of me
for it. I was told that I would never be a success in business, that
I was too romantic, but this has never seemed to interfere with it.
As the Governor remarked, "it is better to sprinkle a few flowers on
the head of a man while living than on the grave after he is dead."

But as said before, we are here because we love Dr. Rothrock. In
the words of a great poet:

"Love indeed is light from God, •
A spark of that immortal fire,
Which angels share, by Allah given.
To lift from earth all low desire.
Devotion wafts the mind above,
But Heaven itself descends in love;
A feeling from the God-head caught.
To wean from self all sordid thought;
A ray of Him who formed the whole,
A glory circling round the soul.*

S17

No. 26. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

Address of Dr. Henry S. Drinker.
Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen :

I am glad to respond to the call of my old friend, John Birkinbine
whom I have known for more years, as the lawyers say, than "the
mind of man runneth to the contrary notwithstanding- and though
he does claim to be our senior here, I think I can perhaps say that
m all this gathering I am the one (aside from those who are nearest
and dearest to him) who has known Dr. Rothrock the longest When
I went to Wilkes-Barre in 1871 as a young engineer, to work in the
coal mines. Dr. Rothrock was there, a practicing physician; and it
was my privilege then to form a friendship that has endured through
all these years, and in these later days it has been my happiness to
sit at his feet and to learn from him of the beauties of the Forestry
Cult to which he has been so long devoted.

This is a very remarkable gathering, fellow citizens of America
We have men and women present wlio have come from far and near
and we are actually here for neither business nor politics, which are
so generally the moving motives for action with our people We are
here for the expression of a sentiment. I believe in sentiment. I
believe that sentiment is one of the great dynamic forces of the world •
It IS in evidence here, for we gather to-day solely to pay bonor to a
man who has given to our young people one of the greatest lessons
of unselfish service our country has ever known. Dr. Rothrock might
have distinguished himself in any line of work he elected to take up-
--a gentleman~a cultured man-a college bred man-a man of great
abihty-he chose to devote himself, for the love of country and of
duty and of service, to one of the most unremunerative, and yet one
of the most useful careers possible, in the pursuit of which he has
given so much and received so little. And to-day, as Mr. William
Russell Smith, by whom I am sitting, so well said to me a few mo-
ments ago, "We are here not to celebrate the ending of a great career
but to note a phase of that career— the changing from one line of
service to a greater and broader one.'' Dr. Rothrock, we are here to
assure you— and you know the assurance springs from the very bot-
tom of our hearts— how much we love and honor you, and look up to
you, and how greatly we realize we are indebted to you for what you
have done for our young men and women by your example, and for
what you have done for our State and country by your work.

The Commissioner of Forestry, who succeeded Dr. Rothrock in
that office on June 1, 1904, then delivered the following address:

To express adequately in words the feelings which ought to be
uttered on an occasion like this, I fear is beyond me. An assemblage
of this character, gathered for the purpose of paying honor to a

218

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

gentlemaD willing to devote the major portion of his life to a useful
and capable service, is sufficient expression of what might be most

fittingly said.

To have been the successor of Dr. Kothrock in the office of Commis-
sioner of Forestry is by me esteemed in a manner far higher than I
feel I am capable of expressing. The man who won the fight for
forestry in Pennsylvania; who laid its broad foundations so well;
and who, while he filled that office, adhered so admirably to the
principles for which he contended, makes it difficult for his successor
to reach, or, indeed, in any way make a near approach to the high
mark of his acliievement. As the head of the Department which he
founded, it has always been my aim to follow the well known lines
pursued by Dr. Rothrock. I have felt it entirely safe to guide myself
by such a compass, and the longer I serve in this capacity it is im-
pressed upon me that to continue adherence to the ideals, the lessons
of the achievement, and the lines of endeavor which were pursued by
him, is the safest and most righteous course which may be adopted
in the conduct of the affairs of the Department of Forestry.

We regret that Dr. Rothrock has seen fit to lay down the burden of
this work, and we rejoice at the same time. We regret it because
Pennsylvania and the cause of forestry see their most valiant cham-
pion retire; and we rejoice because in entering upon this retirement
we know he is doing so in justice to himself, to his family, and to
the great record which it has been his good fortune to write for him-
self while serving the people in a public capacity. He unquestionably
has a right to expect younger persons now to shoulder that burden
and carry it for him— the burden which for many years was carried
by him alone, or nearly so, when helping hands were few in number
and words expressive of cheer and encouragement were most con-
spicuous by their absence.

We rejoice with Dr. Rothrock to-day that in the fullness of his
years there are spared to him the keenness of his perceptive faculties,
his vigorous mind, and his physical health little or not at all impaired
by reason of the service which he has performed for all of us.

We rejoice with the members of his family that again they are to
receive him into their midst as of old, free from the worries of public
affairs, prepared to enjoy with them the richest, the most fruitful,
and probably the most highly appreciated period of his life; and, in
expressing for him and for them our feelings of good fellowship, let us
do so in the hope that these years may be filled with the accumulated
joys of a career which has brought for the enlightenment of others
such useful lessons, such high regard for patriotic duty, such manifest
devotion to proper ideals which shall not be lost from among us for
generations to come.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

219

The inscription on the Rothrock loving cup is as follows : "PRE-
SENTED TO DR. JOSEPH TRIMBLE ROTHROCK by his friends
and Associates, his disciples in forestry, in token of their love and
admiration for and their appreciation of the great services he has
rendered to the State of Pennsylvania and to the whole country by
his long continued, unselfish, and patriotic devotion to forestry in
America, in which, originally a pioneer, he has ever been a teacher
and leader. 1914."

220

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226

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

No. 26.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

227

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DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

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230

KEPOKT OP THE

Off. Doc.

OI'FICIAL DOCUMENT.

No. 26.

VALUE OF PENNSYLVANIA'S FOREST PRODUCTS FOR 1915.

I

The timber cut figures which follow are taken from the table
printed above. The values are taken from a table compiled by the
Pennsylvania Department of Forestry and the Federal Forest Serv-
ice. Lumber values are for rough lumber f.o.b. mill. Values for
forest products other than lumber are f.o.b. shipping point.

White pine, 24,628,000 Ft. B .M., @ $21.33 per M., $525 315 00

Hemlock, 161,343,000 Ft. B. M., @ $15.41 per M., 2 488*295 00

Yellow and other pine, 10,880,000 Ft. B. M., @ $13.87 per M., .... 'iSOm 00

Oak, 61,54^,000 Ft. B. M., @ $19.52 per M., j 201*387 00

Chestnut, 31,646,000 Ft. B. M. @ $16.29 per M., '515*513 no

Beech, Biroh and Maple, 122,591,000 P^t. B., M., @ $15.52 per M., l 902*61'> 00

Miscellaneous, 53,616,000 Ft. B. M., @ $14.00 per M., *750*e24 01

Mine props, 97,021,000 Ft. B. M., @ $8.00 per M., 776*168 00

Poles, 7,785,000 Ft. B. M., @ $10.00 per M., 77*850 00

Oordwood, 435,940 cords, @ $3.00 per cord, j 307*820 uO

Bark, 85,960 cords. @ $11.00 per cord, 945*560 00

Ties, 86,109,000 Ft. B. M., or 2,066,616 ties, @ $0.40 each, .'.'.'." 826,*646 00

Total value forest products for 1915, • $11,466,695 00

INDEX.

A. Page.

Aijcouniting and Records in Nurseries 101

American Telegraph and Telephone Co. , right of way , 97

Asaph Nursery — Fertilizer Experiments , 110

Inventory of seedlings in , 122

Report of, for years 1914-15 121

Seedlings shipped to individuals, 1914, 144

Seedlings shipped to Individuals, 1915, 153

Seedlings shipped to State Forests , 1914 138

Seedlings shipped to State Forests, 1915, 147

Austin Forest — ^Forester's map , 199

Nursery, report of, . ., 125

Receipts , 25

Forester's report, ^

Summary of work to date, 60

B.

Bald Eagle Forest — Forester's map 199

Nursery , report of 126

Receipts 26

Forester's report 88

Summary of work , 60

Barnes, L. G. , report of Nittany State forest nursery 130

Barree Forest — Receipts

Forester's report ,

Summary of work W

Topographic and Stock Survey, 188

Bastlan, John A., report of Loyalsock State forest nursery, 129

Bayless Paper Manufacturing Corporation, timber sales, 93

Bear Meadows Forest— Receipts , 26

Forester's report , 83

Summary of work , 60

Bedford Forest— Receipts 26

Forester's report 83

Summary of work , 60

Bedford and Fulton Tel. Co., right of way, 97

Beech Creek Extension Railroad Co. , right of way, 99

Bell Telephone Co. , telephone contract, 96-97-98

(231)

23^

I^DEX,

Otf. Doc.

Bietsch, Tom O., report of Greenwood nursery fpo

Bilger, Charles, timber sales, ' TI

Black Forest— Report of nursery , .* * ' .' .* ' .' .' 126

Receipts , _

Forester's report, * «„

Summary of work, «^

Blackwells Forest,

Receipts, oc

__ zo

Forester's report, 33

Summary of work -n

Bodine,'A. W., **'

Bonawitz, F. A., Commonwealth vs., .!.!.!... ! J!

Brumbaugh Forest— Receipts , 05'

Forester's report, 03

Summary of work , -*

Buchanan Forest , ...

Receipts , .

Forester's report , ' ^ 33

Summary of work , ^^

Buffalo Forest— Report of nursery, 126

Receipts ,

Forester's report 3g

Summary of work , eo

Buildings, new construction and repairs,

leases for occupancy:

Bear Meadows, pp

Black Z

' go

Buchanan , " " "

C^le^o^ia, ^-'^.y... '.'.','.'.'/.['.'.'.]['..' 89-90

Clearfield, ^^ l„

' QfJ

^'^^,7^°^ *;.' 86-88

Hopkins, ^^

Kishacoquillas ' ^^

Lackawanna , '

Medix ,

Minisink

Mont Alto,

McClure,

Nittany. °°

oie Bull, yyy///.'.'.'.'.,'. il

Pennypacker , e^

Pine, II

' • go

Pine Grove ,

I'^T:-;--. :::;/.::'.:;:'.::::::'.:::: 88.89

Promised Land , gg

Rothrock, '"

Seven Mountain o'

westfaii, '.'*'."'!!.*!!!;;;; c?

Bureau of Forest Protection , report of

Butler, E. H. , right of way i !......!..... og

Butz , Howard E. , contract , q.

No. 26. INDEX. 1^

C. Page.

Caledonia Forest — Forester's map 199

Forester's report , 33

Nursery report , 127

Ranger station, Willow Grove, new, 17

Receipts , 25

Summary of work , 60

Callahan , Arthur, arrest and acquittal of, 205

Camp Sites , method of numbering , 186

Camps , permanent , 26

temporary permits , 32

Caprlo & Grieco , right of way , 98

Central Pennsylvania Forest Fire Protective Association, 16

Central Penna. Lumber Co. , right of way 94-98-99

Chambersburg & Gettysburg Electric Railway Co., right of way 97

Chambersburg Water Lease, 79

Cobean , Chas. H 16

Chatham Forest — Receipts 25

Forester's report, 33

Nursery report , 127

Summary of work , 60

Clearfield Forest — Forester's report , 33

Receipts , 25

Nursery, cost per thousand for seedlings. 125

financial statement for 1914, 124

report of, 124

seedlings shipped to individuals, 1915... 156

seedlings shipped to State Forests, 1914, 141

seedlings shipped to State Forests, 1915, 150

water system 124

Summary of work 60

Clinton , Francis M. , timber sales , 91

Olouse , L. A. , contract , 98

Comparison of law for killing man and killing game, 206

Conference on adoption of new nursery record system, 101

Conklin , Robert G. , report of Caledonia nursery 127

Construction , new , 17

Construction and repairs , 198

Cost of seeds purchased 1914 , 134

Cost of seeds purchased 1915 136

Cost surveys , 198

Contracts:

Board of Supervisors, Price township, Monroe county, 99

Borough of Chambersburg , 97

Howard E. Butz , 97

L. A. Clouse , 98

A. B. Couch 98

Thomas Cronin Co. , 98

Cresco & Greentown Tel. Co 99

Cumberland Valley R. R. Co., 99

Cumberland Valley Tel. Co 98

G. Louis Dormoy 99

DuPont Powder Co. , ^8

^^ . INDEX. Off. Doc.

Elk Tanning Co., ' ^^^®*

William H. Eyster, ....!....!!.!!! qi

Federal Refractories Co. , ^Z

Dr. J. B. Heller, **.'.' H

S. Hostrander, *

J. S. Illick, " .' ^^

William H. Libby. H

Wentz Neidigh, [['[] ^^

Wm. NetofPsky , «f

New York Central & Hudson River R.R............ qq

George D. Pine ' ' f^

W. J. Price, Z

QQ

Prior to Jan. 1, 1914 " Zl

C. A. Reese, ll

Adam B. Rieser aJ

Southern Pipe Line Co oo

South Renovo Borough , ' * ^

A. N. Stambaugh, aI

State Highway Department J?

E. A. Ziegler !

Couch, A. B., contract, [ ij

Cumberland Valley Tel. Co. , contract , . . . . . . . .' .' * ' ...'.'**.'.' ll

Cresco & Greentown Tel. Co., contract ^^

Cumberland Valley Tel. Co. , right of way , ll

Cumberland Valley Tel. Co. , telephone contract . ol

Coudersport Forest— Receipts *^

Forester's report , ^

Summary of work, -^

Cuttings planted. 1914 ' Ti

Cuttings planted, 191.5 Ill

Cuttings planted, 1914-1915 :„,

174

Dague, Wm. F., report of Clearfield nursery

Deaths, 124

Department Leases ^*

Detail Maps, Baer '^^

Detail Maps , Morgan , ^^^

Detail Maps, Mustin ^^^

Douty, William, Commonwealth vs., ^^

Dormoy, G. Louis, contract

Drafting Room ^^

Drinker . Dr. Henry S. , address of , aV RothVock Vestimon ial oj?

DuPont Powder Co.. contract, ^q icn

Dynamite Experiment ^^^^

160

Elk Tanning Co. , contract

Elliott, H. E. , report of Sinnemahoning Forest nurserv J!

Evans, H. C ^32

20

No. 20.

INDEX.

235

Page.

Expressions of approval of forestry work in Pennsylvania 204

Extinction of forest fires , cost of , 15

Eyster , Wm. H. , contract , 91

F.

Fanton , Jay , telephone contract , 96

Farquhar, A. B. , address of, at Rothrock testimonial, 216

Federal Refractories Co. , contract, .^ 97

Federal Refractories Co. , income from lease No. 1 76

Federal Rref ractories Co. , lease No. 2 , 77

Fertilizing, 104

Financial Statement , 23

Financial Statement for 1914, Mont Alto Nursery, 114

Financial Statement for 1915. Mont Alto Nursery, , 118

Fire, forest, protective associations, 16

Fires started from lightning, 200

Fire Triangulation Map, parts Potter, Tioga, Clinton and Lycoming

counties , 199

Fire , Fought and Forgot to Vote , 201

Fires , buildings , 15

forest , 14

loss from , 14

causes of , 15

cost of extinction 15

number of, 15

Fixed charges on State land , 1914 , 69

Fixed charges on State land , 1915 72

Foresters appointed 1914 and 1915 13

Foresters , deaths and resignations , 14

Foresters' reports , 1914-15 33-59

Foresters , roster of, 11

Forest Fires , losses for the year 1914 , 220

Forest Fires, number and causes during 1914 221

Forest Inspector , activities of 66-67

report of, 1914 and 1915, 62

« reports and magazine articles written by 6.5-67

table of addresses delivered by, 64

table of Inspection of trees, woodlots. and tlm-

berlands for individuals, 6S

Forest Products , value of , for 1915 230

Forestry work in Pennsylvania, expressions of approval of, 204

Fox , P. H. , report of Austin Nursery 125

G.

Gamble , Daniel , timber sales , fS

Gee , R. F. . right of way , f 8

GIfford , L. D. , timber sales • 92

Golden , Thos. H. , refport of Die Bull nursery , 130

Grays Run Forest, Receipts , 26

Forester's report , IS

Summary of work , M

Nursery report, 127

236 INDEX. Off. Doc

Greenwood Forest— Receipts , 25

Forester's report , 33

Summary of work , gQ

Topographic and Stock Survey, igx

Seedlings shipped to individuals, 1914, 145

Seedlings shipped to individuals, 1915, 155

Seedlings shipped to State Forests, 1914, 140

Seedlings shipped to State Forests, 1915, 149

H.

Hailstone, James G. , Commonwealth vs. , jg

Haldeman Forest, forester's map,

Topographic Map for U. S. G. S. Sheets , . ! . . . '. . . . .' .* .* *.*.*.*.'* ^gg

Harbeson , Thos. C. , report of Chatham nursery, 127

Hatfield , H. R. , Commonwealth vs '

Heller, Dr. J. B., contract, go

Hopkins Forest ,

90

Receipts * *

Forester's report ,

' 23

Summary of work,

Horning , W. H. , report of Lushbaugh nursery, .09

Houtz, Jesse M. , report of Nittany nursery, * * *

Hostrander, S., contract, ^^

Hull Forest ^^

20

Nursery report,

Receipts ^^^

Forester's report ,

9^

Summary of work ,

Hunting, persons killed in 1914-1915 , .*.....*.'.*.*.*.'.' ono

^Oo

I.

Illick, J. S. , contract,

qn

Individuals, seedlings furnished to, from State nurseries -.ll

Inspection of trees, woodlots and timber land,

Inventories for 1915, ' ^^

« 118

J.

Jacks Mountain Forest ,

Receipts, ^^

Forester's report , ^,

Summary of work , '

Topographic and Stock Survey,

Jerald , Frank D ^^^

• 205

K.

Karthaus Forest

, 22

Receipts ,

Forester's report , '

Summary of work ,

Keller, John W., i .......!....!!!! ! iri

No. 26.

INDEX.

237

Page.

Kettle Creek Forest — Receipts , 25

Forester's report , 33

Summary of work , go

Nursery report , 129

Kirk. Carl L. , report of Pen field nursery, 125

Kishacoquillas Forest , ; . . . 20

Receipts 25

Forester's report , 33

Summary of work , 60

Topographic and Stock Survey , 191

Knoft'singer , Henry & W. H. , right of way , 95

Krise, Alfred , timber sales , 94

L. '

Lackawanna Forest, 19

Receipts , 25

Land Grant Applications , 74

Land Purchases , 1914 9

Land Purchases . 1915 . 10

Lauver , T. W. , Commonwealth vs 20

Leases . permanent camp , 26-32

Legal Affairs 19

Legislation , 17

Libby , William H. . contract 99

Liegey . Moses , timber sales . 93

Lightning in the State Forests , 200

Lightning Report, 1912-15 201

Line marks 200

Lockwood , James A. , timber sales 92

Loss from forest fires , 15

Love , Arthur , timber sales , 93

Love . Nevin . timber sales 94

Loyalsock Forest — Nursery report, 129

Receipts . 25

Forester's report 33

Summary of work 60

Lushbaugh Forest — Nursery report 129

Receipts 25

Forester's report 33

Summary of work 60

M.

Maintenance . general , 105

Matson, E. Jr., lease, 97

McClure Forest — Receipts . 25

Forester's report . 33

Summary of work 60

McElhattan Forest — Receipts 26

Forester's report . 33

Summary of "work 60

238

INDEX

Off. Doc.

McFerren, Hermanv Commonwealth vs., 2I

Medix Forest— Nursery report, ///.......].. 130

Receipts , ' ^5

Forester's Report, ..!... 33

Summary of work, 60

Meek, Chas. R., report of Penn nursery, * ^^31

Metzger, Homer S., 1517

Mineral leases— Coliunbia Flint Co., 81

Sandusky Portland Cement Co. , | * §2

United Ice & Coal Co., 83

E. L. Love , flagstone , ge

Spruce Creek ballast or

Mingle, Harry B., 22

Minisink Forest— Receipts , 25

Forester's report, ]* ^^

Summary of work , g^

Mont Alto water lease, * * ^^

Mont Alto Forest— Ranger Station , Pond Bank , new , .. . . . . . .... . . . 17

Recedpts ,

Forester's report

Summary of work, 60

Nursery, 121

Nursery experiments , 1914 , , * * * ^^

Nursery experiments, 1915, 120

Fertilizer experiments , ^06

Nursery report, 1914 m

Nursery report, 1915 ../........ 117

Nursery, seedlings shipped to Individuals, 1914 j 145

Nursery, seedlings shipped to individuals, 1915,' 154

Nursery, seedlings shipped to State Forests, 1914 j 139

Nursery seedlings shipped to State Forests' 1915 [ 148

Nursery soil utilization and improvement ' 117

Montgomery. W. E., report of Seven Mountain Nursery, ..*...*.*..*" 132

Mt. Carmel Nursery, seedlings purchased from , 143

Mount Cydonia Sand Co. , right of way ,

Mulford , Paul H. , report of Asaj^h Nursery 1 oi

Muller, Max E., report of Kettle Creek Nursery,

Munn, Silas W., Commonwealth vs.,

/j^

^ N.

Neefe, Robert R.. report of Black Forest Nursery .o^

Neidigh. Wentz, contract ' ^^^

Netoffsky, William, contract. ^^

New Bergen Forest— Forester's report. ^^

Summary of work

New York Central & Hudson River R. R. , contract oq

Nittany State Forest— Nursery report , '

Receipts. "^o^

Forester's report 33

Summary of work ,

Northeastern Forestry Co. . seedlings purchased from . „

Nursery account charges. ' ^^^

103

No. 26. INDEX. 239

Nurseries: p^^^^

Asaph — ^report of, -1^21

Fertilizer experiments , hq

Inventory of seedlings , 122

Austin — report of , 125

Bald Eagle — report of, ' j26

Black Forest — report of, ^26

Buffalo — report of, j^26

Caledonia — report of, j27

Chatham — report of i27

Clearfield — report of, : 124

Conference on adoption of new record system , loi

Fertilizer experiments by Prof. Netoffsky, 105

Asaph, iiQ

Greenwood ^Qg

Mont Alto, log

Field Sheets io2

Greenwood — Cost of seedling production , 123

Fertilizer experiments , 108

Inventory , 124

Report of, 123

Water system , i23

Grajrs Run — report of 127

Hull — report of, 128

Kettle Creek — report of, i29

Lushbaugh — report of, ^29

Loyalsock — report of, ^29

Medix — report of , 130

Mont Alto — report of, 1914 m

report of, 1915, 117

Experiments , 1914 . 115

Experiments , 1915 120

Financial statement , 1914 114

Financial statement , 1915 118

Inventory , 1915 , 118

Seeds and seed testing 117

Soil utilization and improvement 117

Failures 115

Fertilizer experiments , 106

New System of Records and Accounting, lOl

Description of 102

Seed bed records , loi

Transplant bed records , 102

Field sheets , 102

Operations to be charged , 103

Nittany — report of , 130

Ole Bull — report of 130

Penfield — report of 125

Penn — report of 131

Pine Grove — report of . 131

Pocono — report of 131

Report for the years 1914 and 1915 99

Seed bed records . 101

Seedlings shipped from , 138

16

*

240

INDEX.

Ofle. Doc.

Page.

Seeds sown in spring, 1914, I35

Seeds sown in fall, 1914 and spring, 1915, 137

Seven Mountain — report of, 132

Shipments from , 133

Sinnemahoning — report of, \ 132

Snow Shoe — report of, 132

Study of conditions In , 101

Systematizing records lOi

Transplant Bed Records , IO2

Whetham — report of, 132

White pine blister rust, 101

White pine weevil, 101

0.

Ole Bull Forest — Nursery report, 130

Receipts , 26

Forester's report 33

Summary of work , 61

P.

Patterson Heirs, Commonwealth vs 29

Penna. Fire Brick Co., right of way, ..!.........*!.. 93

Penn Forest— Receipts , oc

__ zd

Forester's report 33

Summary of work * g ^

Topographic and Stock Survey '* 190

Nursery report, ^^.

Penna. & N. Y. Tel. & Tel. Co. , right of way, ...... . . . . . .' * . * ' .' * * .' * ' 97

Penna. Telephone Co., telephone contract ' 97

Penfield Forest— Receipts !.!!!.!.!! 26

Forester's report, 33

Summary of work , g ^

Nursery report , 225

Pennypacker Forest— Topographic and Stock Survey ..!!......* 192

Receipts , 9g

Forester's report 33

Summary of work g2

Permits for temporary camps 32

Permanent camps , „«

Perry. Geo. S. , report of Hull nursery, 128

Pine Gove Forest — Burning of store. ic

Forester's map 299

Nursery report 232

Receipts , 26

Forester's report , 03

I Summary of work , g2

Repairs to buildings , ^r^

Warrant map , Mustin , 299

Pine , George D. , contract, ! . 99

'<

\

\\

No. 26. INDEX. 241

Pa fire

Pine Forest — Receipts, £6

Forester's report, 33

Summary of work, gj

Pike County folio map by townships , 199

Plantation, white pine and white ash in mixture, Caledonia Forest, . 204

Plantation reports , 159

Planting, cost of ig2

experiments , 162

plans and outline , 162

purpose of, 162

on State Forests , 157

on State Forests , cuttings , 1914-1915 , 174

on State Forests, direct seed sowing, 1914-1915 173

on State Forests, direct seed sowing, summary, quantity,

area , and costs , I81

on State Forests, direct seed sowing, summary by years, 183

on State Forests , cuttings in holts 174

on State Forests, cuttings in holts, summary by forests,.. 183

on State Forests, cuttings in holts, summary by years, .. 184

on State Forests, summary, species and number, 175

on State Forests, summary, number area and costs, 177

on State Forests, summary, by years, species and number, 179
on State Forests, summary by years, number, area, and

costs 180

on State Forests, 1914, number of seedlings, area and

costs , 167

on State Forests, 1914, species, age, and number, 165

on State Forests, 1915, species, age, and number, 169

on State Forests, 1916, number of seedlings, area, and

cost 171

Pocono Forest — Nursery report , 131

Receipts , 26

Forester's report 33

Summary of work 61

Nursery, seedlings shipped to individuals, 1915, ... 156

Pocono Protective Fire Association , I6

Potter Gas Co. , right of way , 95

Price , W. J. , contract , 99

Promised Land Forest — ^Receipts , 26

• Forester's report , 33

Summary of work 61

Protection Code , I8

Protective Associations 16

Pure Oil Company , right of way 97

Raker , CD., right of way , 94

Rangers appointed 1914 and 1915 14

deaths and resignations 14

roster of 12

Receipts from State Forests , 25

Records and accounting in nurseries, 101

Reese , C. A. , contract , 99

16—26—1916

242 ' INDEX. Off. Doc.

Page.

Repairs to buildings ^„

Reports, foresters' annual , * 33.5^

Resignations , - .

Retan , George A. , report of Mont Alto Nursery, m

Rieser , Adam B. , contract , ....... 91

Rights of Way, 94

American Tel. & Tel. Co. , 97

Beech Creek Extension R. R. Co 99

E. H. Butler, ..!.......!. 90

Bedford & Pulton Telephone Co. , 97

Caprio & Grieco, 95

Central Penna. Lumber Co 94-98-99

Chambersburg & Gettysburg Electric Ry. Co 97

Cumberland Valley Tel. Co 07

P. F. Gee, '.'.'.'.'.]'.'.'.'.'..'. 95

Henry & W. H. KnofPsinger , 95

Mount Cydonia Sand Co * * * g-

Pennsylvania Fire Brick Co. , 90

Penna. & N. Y. Tel. & Tel. Co 97

Potter Gas Co | ,._

Pure Oil Company g_

C. D. Raker,

Smith & Middlekauff , 97

Southern Pipe Line Co. , * * q-

The Tide Water Pipe Line Co. , Ltd. . ... . . . . . . . . . . . .' .' .' ' * .' ." .* * .' .' * 97.93

Vincent Lumber Co. , \^

J. B. Walker go

Waynesboro Water Co. , * ' ««

Rothrock Forest \ 1 q on

Headquarters, new -_

Receipts 26

Forester's report „„

Summary of work -..

Rothrock, Dr. Joseph Trimble, testimonial luncheon to and cup pre-

sentation ceremony ^^q

Rupp , A. E. , experiment with one-year white pine 161

Ryon , J. B. , report of Whetham nursery 132

S.

Sandusky Portland Cement Co. , lease *

Sandy Ridge Improvement Cutting ^^^

School Fund, ^"*

' 10

School code , amendment to

Scrub oak underplanting, irq

Seed— amount, value, and disposition of in 1914 and 1915 mn

Testing ; ^^

Bed records for nurseries

Direct sowing, 1914-15 .-« ^",

Purchased, 1914 iIa

Purchased, 1915 log

Sown in nurseries spring, 1914 , - «-

Sown in nurseries fall 1914 and spring 1915 , ....... . . . . . . . . . * 137

No. 26.

INDEX,

243

i'

•

1

Seedlings removed from State Forest nurseries, jaa

Furnished individuals, ' .o,.

Planted 1914. .*;;; -..;^^

Planted 1915, ::::::; lit^l

Purchased 1914, Mt. Carmel Nursery Co., .' 143

Purchased 1915, North Eastern Forestry Co., ........... 152

Removed from small nurseries, 1914, 142

Removed from small nurseries, 1915, 151

Shipped to State Forests , 1914:

Asaph Nursery, ^gg

Mont Alto Nursery, 139

Greenwood Nursery, ^ *[ ^^q

Clearfield Nursery, ^^.

Mt. Carmel Nursery (purchased) , 142

Shipped to Individuals, 1914:

Asaph Nursery ^^g

Mont Alto Nursery, '' ' ^^3^

Greenwood Nursery, 140

Clearfield Nursery ^.^

Shipped to Individuals, 1915:

Asaph Nursery , - -„

Mont Alto Nursery - - .

Greenwood Nursery, [ -gg

Clearfield Nursery, 155

Pocono Nursery "^ ' ---

Shipped to State Forests, 1915:

Asaph Nursery ...„

Mont Alto Nursery - .«

Greenwood Nursery -.^

Clearfield Nursery, 150

North Eastern Forestry Co. (purchased) 152

Seven Mountain Forest— Nursery report '. ....... 1 32

Topographic and Stock Survey, 190

Receipts, [ gg

Forester's report, 33

Summary of work ^^

Sheeler, Geo. W., report of Snow Shoe Nursery 132

Shippensburg Borough , water lease

Silviculture and Mensuration lol

Silvlus , A. C. , report of Bufllalo Nursery, 126

Sinnemahoning Forest— Nursery report,

Receipts, ««

Forester's report, * 33

Summary of work, g^

Sizerville Forest— Forester's report 99

Summary of work /.-

Siggins, H. W ^*

Slate Run Forest— Receipts ofi

Forester's report . 33

Summary of work 61

Smith , George, Commonwealth vs

Smith, E. H., report of Bald Eagle Nursery, .oa

Smith & Middlekauff, right of way, 97

Smith Lum^T Co., timber sales

.^

244 ^ INDEX. Off. Doc.

Page

Snow Shoe Forest — Receipts , 2$

Forester's report 33

Summary of work , 61

Nursery report , 132

Society of Eastern Foresters, summer meeting of, 202

South Renovo Borough , contract , 97

South Renovo Borough , water lease , 78

Southern Pipe Line Co. , contract, 98

Southern Pipe Line Co. , right of way , 95

Sowing and mulching , 103

Staley , Lewis E 21

Stambaugh , A. N. , contract 98

State Forests, area of, i 9

State Forests , area burned , 15

State Forest Planting:

Cuttings, 1914-15, 174

Direct seed sowing, 1914-15, 162-173

Seedlings, area, and cost, 1914, 167

Seedlings , area , and costs , 1915 171

Species , age , and number , 1914 , 165

Species, age, and number, 1915 169

Summary, 1914-15 175

State Forests , suggested area 10

State Highway Dept. , contract , 98

Stone Forest — Receipts 26

Forester's report 33

Summary of work 61

Strobeck , John L. , report of Pocono Nursery 131

Stuart Forest — Receipts , 26

Forester's report 33

Summary of work , 61

Total cost and net returns on investment 81

Summary of seedlings furnished to individuals, 1914-1915 185

Summary of State Forest Planting, 161

Summary of Topographic Survey costs and length of lines run 193

Summary of work on State Forests , 60

Surveys , cost of, 193-198

Surveys , 1914 194

Surveys, 1915 196

Sweigert , John , timber sales , 92-94

T.

Tables:

Fertilizer Experiment, 107

Fixed Charges on State Land , 69

Forest Data , summary , 60

Forest Fire Losses , 1914 , 220

Foresters and Forest Rangers 11

Foresters' Reports , condensed , 34

Forest Inspector and Chief Forest Fire Warden , 63

Forest Tree Seeds purchased 1914, species, amount and cost, .... 134

No. 2d.

INDE^.

245

Page
Forest Tree Seeds sown in nurseries, spring 1914; species,

amount , and cost , -1^35

Forest Tree Seeds purchased 1915; species, amount and cost, .. 136
Forest Tree Seed sown in nurseries, fall 1914 and spring 1915,

species , amount , and cost , y>^r^

Lands Purchased , ^

Land Grant Applications, 75

Seedling Shipments to State Forests, Asaph nursery, 1914, 138

Seedling Shipments to State Forests, Mont Alto nursery, 1914, 139

Seedling Shipments to State Forests, Greenwood nursery, 1914, 140

Seedling Shipments to State Forests, Clearfield nursery, 1914, 141

Seedlings Removed from Small Forest nurseries, 1914 142

Seedling Shipments to State Forests, 1914, purchased from Mt.

Carmel nursery , ^43

Seedlings Furnished to Individuals from Asaph nursery, 1914, 144

Seedlings Furnished to Individuals from Mont Alto nursery, 1914, 145
Seedlings Furnished to Individuals from Greenwood and other

nurseries , 1914 , i4g

Seedling Shipments to State Forests, Asaph nursery, 1915, 147

Seedling Shipments to State Forests, Mont Alto nursery, 1915, 148

Seedling Shipments to State Forests, Greenwood nursery, 1915, 149

Seedling Shipments to State Forests, Clearfield nursery, 1915, 150

Seedlings Removed from Small Forest nurseries, 1915, 151

Seedling Shipments to State Forests, 1915, purchased from the

North Eastern Forestry Co. , 152

Seedlings Furnished to Individuals from Asaph nursery, 1915, 153
Seedlings Furnished to individuals from Mont Alto nursery,

1915. 154

Seedlings Furnished to Individuals from Greenwood nursery,

1915 155

Seedling Furnished to Individuals from Clearfield nursery, 1915, 156

Seedlings Furnished to Individuals from Pocono nursery, 1915, 156

Timber Cut, 1914, 222

Timber Cut, 1915, 226

Topographic Survey costs , 193

Value of Fa. Forest Products, 1913 230

Tea Spring Forest— Burning of headquarters, 15

Receipts 26

Forester's report , 33

Summary of work , 61

Telephone contracts:

Bell Telephone Co. , 96-97-98

Penna. Telephone Co 97

Cumberland Valley Tel. Co. , 96

Jay Fanton , 96

United Telephone & Telegraph Co. , 97

Western Union Telegraph Co 96

Telephone Poles of Glass , 202

Tener, Hon. John K. , address at Rothrock testimonial , 211

Thomas Cronin Co. , contract , 98

Thomas Cronin Co. , lease and revenues , 1914-15 , 80

Tide Water Pipe Line Co. , Ltd. , rights of way, 97-98

246

INDEX.

Off. Doc.

No. 26.

INDEX.

247

Page

Timber cut in 1914, 222

Timber cut in 1915, 225

Timber sales, 91

Bayless Paper Mfg. Corp. , 93

Charles Bilger , 93

Francis M. Clinton , 91

Daniel Gamble, 92

L. D. Gifford, 92

Alfred Krise 94

James A. Lockwood , 92

Arthur Love, 93

Nevin Love , 94

Moses Liegey , 93

Smith Lumber Co. , 92

John Sweigert , 92

E. H. Zimmerman & Son 91

Topographic and Stock Surveys 187

Barree Forest , 188

Greenwood Forest , 191

Jacks Mt. Forest , 191

Kishacoquillas Forest , 191

Penn Forest 190

Pennypacker Forest 192

Seven Mountain Forest , 190

Costs and length of lines run, summary of, 193

Transplant Bed Records for nurseries, 102

Trees for Hi^way Planting, Greenwood nursery, 123

Tree Seeds purchased , 1914 , 134

Tree Seeds purchased , 1915 , 136

Tree Seeds sown in nurseries , spring 1914 , 135

Tree Seeds sown in nurseries, fall 1914 and spring 1915, 137

Trees struck by lightning and ignited , 1912-15 , 201

U.

United Tel. & Tel. Co., telephone contract.

V.

Vincent Lumber Co., right of way.

W.

Walker , J. B. , right of way

Water Leases — Chambersburg

Mont Alto

Shippensburg

South Renovo

Waynesboro Water Co. , right of way

Wells, A. B., report of Grays Run nursery

Western Union Telegraph Co., telephone contract.

97

98

98
79
78
77
78
99
127
96

f

Page

Whetham State Forest — Nursery report, 132

Receipts , 26

Forester's report , 33

Summary of work gi

White Deer Forest— Nursery report, 1913-14, 133

Receipts , 26

Forester's report, , {3

Summary of work , gi

White Pine, proportion of, to all other combined species, 101

White Pine, production in State nurseries, 101

Wilhelm , H. V. , Commonwealth vs. , 22

Williams, John R., report of Pine Grove nursery, 131

Winter covering , io4

Winter, Raymond B. , nursery report, 1913-14 133

Wirt, George H jg

Activities of 64 to 69

Y.

Young Woman's Creek Forest— Receipts , 26

Forester's report , 33

Summary of work, 61

Z.

Zerby , Chas. E. , report of Medix nursery 130

iSimmerman , E. H. & Son , timber sale, 91

Ziegler, E. A., contract, 97

JUN ? 19} 7

END OF YEAR

Author: Pennsylvania Department of Forestry

Title: Report of the Department of Forestry of the State of
Pennsylvania for the years ..., 1916-1917

Place of Publication: Harrisburg, Pa.

Copyright Date: 1918

Master Negative Storage Number: MNS# PSt SNPaAg071 .4

Commonwealth of Pennsylvania

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REPORT

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OF THE

Department of Forestry

OF THE

STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA

FOR THE

YEARS 1916-1917

a 7 "5-^

SIMON B. ELLIOTT

Member of the Forestry Commission July 2, 1904 to June 18, 1917.

HARRISBURG, PA.
J. L, L. Kuhn, Printer to the Commonwealth.

1018.

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I

OFFICIAL DOCUMENT,

No. 10.

PENNSYLVANIA
DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY

f 4S4.?(5^

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ri

THE STATE FORESTRY RESERVATION COMMISSION

Robert S. Conklin, President, Columbia, Lancaster county.

S. B. Elliott,* Reynoldsville, Jefferson county.

Dr. J. T. Rothrock,t West Chester, Chesiier county.

William P. Stevenson, McVeytown, Mifflin county.

Edward Bailey,$ Harrisburg, Dauphin county.

J. M. Hoffman, Johnstown, Cambria county.

OFFICE OF TUE COMMISSIONER OF FORESTRY.

Commissioner of Forestry, Robert S. Conklin, Columbia, Lancaster county.

Deputy Commissioner of Forestry, Irvin C. Williams, Esq., Royersford, Mont-
gomery county.

Clerk, A. Elwyn Strode, Camp Hill, Cumberland county.

Clerk, George W. Howard, § Chester, Delaware county.

Clerk, Edward J. Davis, H Phocnixville, Chester county.

Division of Surveys, Chief, S. T. Mooro, Mifflin county.

Division of Forest Protection, Chief, George H. Wirt, Franklin county.

Division of Publicity, Chief, N. R. McNaughton, Dauphin county.

Division of Silviculture, temporarily in charge, N. R. McNaughton, Dauphin
county.

*Dh'd Juno 18, 1917.

t Appointed July, 1917.

^Appointed May 7. 1917.

SDlod July 4, 1910.

II Appointed September 1, 1010.

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OFFICIAL DOCUMENT,

No. 10.

I 1

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TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Page

3

Roster, Office of the Commissioner of Forestry,

Illustrations, ^

Letter of Transmittal, • ^-

Report of Commissioner of Forestry,

Forest Service of Pennsylvania, 14-15

Foresters, -«

Forest Rangers, •* ^-

Foresters Appointed, _

Foresters Transferred,

Forest Rangers Appointed,

The Great War, ^

Forest Protection, ^2

State Land Burned, ^

Patrol Service, ^^

Protective Associations, „

Observation Stations, ^

Legislation, g^

New Construction and Repairs, ^

Legal AfEairs ^

Camping Permits, Temporary, ^

Camp Leases, Permanent, ^^

Land Grant Applications, ^

Leases and Contracts, g^

Timber Sales, g^

Rights of Way, ^

Telephone Contracts, --

Surveys, gg

Publicity, q^

Silviculture qq

State Forest Academy, • ^^

Financial Report, .^^

Forest Expenses and Revenues, ^^^

Tree Seeds Purchased, 81-82

State Forest Planting, ^

Private Planting, Seedling Shipments, Asaph

Clearfield ^

Greenwood, *^

Mont Alto ^-^]

Penfield *^^

State Forest Planting, Seedling Shipments, Aspah ^

Private Planting by Counties,

State Forest Planting, Seedling Shipments, Aspah

Clearfield, ••• ^^

Greenwood , •. ^°

Mont Alto, ^

Small Nurseries, 1^0

(5)

6

Page

Willow Cutting, 101-107-136-150

Summary Shipments for State Forest Planting, 102

State Forest Planting 103-140-142-143-144-148

Trees Shipped to Individuals, 108-139

Trees Shipped to State Forests, 128

Summary Nursery Shipments, 137

Trees Planted and Living, 151

Average Heights of Trees in Plantation, 155

Nursery Inventory, 1917, 150

Lightning Report, 160

Foresters' Reports Condensed, 161

Fixed Charges on State Land, 168

Index, 173

OFFICIAL DOCUMENT,

No. 10.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Page
Simon B. Elliott, Member of the Forestry Commission July 2, 1904 to
June 18, 1917, Frontispiece

Plate 1. Steel Tower on Sand Mount, White Deer Forest, August, 1917, 20

Plate 2. Forest Fire Protection Districts, _• • ^1

Plate 2. Typical burned-over land on the Sizerville Forest. Planted in'

1914, ^

Plate 4. Exhibit of the Department of Forestry at the Welfare and
Efficiency Conference, Harrisburg, ^'^

Plate 5. Pennsylvania's State Forests. Total area, 1,017,773 acres
Topographic surveys are completed for the areas surrounded by curved
black lines, "'^

Plate 6. Scene in the Buffalo Forest, Union county. Tlie forest fire was

automatically stopped by the bare highway. Burned brush to the left, 67

Plate 7. Handboard of the type used on many of the State forests, 67

Plate 8. This illustration is one of a scries which includes Plates 9, 10, and
11. This view shows an area on the Austin Forest before planting.
The black spots are stumps ^^

Plate 9. Same area as shown in the preceding illustration, six years after

planting. Species used are larch, Norway spruce, and white pine, 9h

Plate 10. Same area as shown in the two illustrations preceding, this

taken in spring of 1918. Trees 10 years old 10()

Plate 11. Closer view of some of the planted seedlings on the area shown
in the preceding plate. The tree beside the forester is a European
larch. The others are white pines, 107

Plate 12. A large ant hill. The Department is now investigating damage

caused to pitch pines and other pines by ants, 136

Plate 13. The scene of a lumber operation at Costello, Potter county.
Rain will wash away much of the exposed soil. Thousands of acres of
land like this in Pennsylvania should be owned and protected by the
Commonwealth, 1-*^ *

(7)

OFFICIAL DOCUMENT.

No. 10.

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.

HON. MARTIN G. BRUMBAUGH, Governor.

Sir: I have the honor to present herewith the report of theDepart-
ment of Forestry for the years 1916 and 1917.

Respectfully yours,

ROBERT S. CONKLIN,

Commissioner of Forestry.

Harrisburg, Pa., December 31, 1917.

^

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»

OFFICIAL DOCUMENT,

No. 10.

Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

KEPOKT OF THP] COMMISSIONER OF FORESTRY FOR THE

YEARS 1916-1917.

Additions by purchase to the area of the State Forests include 8,135
acres, 88 perches in 191G and 5,593 acres, 74.47 perches in 1917. The
total corrected area of the State Forests to January 1, 1918, is 1,017,-
773 acres, 97.22 perches.

All purchases were additions to existing State Forests. No new-
forests were created during the period of this report. The detailed
purchases are as follows:

Grantor.

1916.
Coudersport Trust Co.,

Ellas Deemer,

J. W. Bepcher,

Charlotte K. Freyer,

George Dock Frey,

Frey & Mowcry, »

Edgar Wilson & C. J. Rose

William J. Garlin,

Edward O. Spidle,

Ezra T. Ealy.

1917.

Milton F. & Mary E. Clark

Ashor I). TTpdcgraff,

Henry Hippie, .'Xgent, »

Francos H. Jacob,

Florence Keen,

lAicy and Geo. B. Hilborn,

O. M. Campbell and Janet Z. Jerald,

John Ball, —

Nagle-Cook Lumber Co., ..

Charles W. Cook, ._

William H. Rose,

O. M. Campbell and Jacob B. Tomb,

Samuel W. Emery,

John Cnise Miller,

Samuel K. Clever, et al, _.

1249 64
146 90
231 08
300 00

1 ,707 67

1,227 91
714 83

1,068 83
741 26
167 99

1,145 38
699 21

2.261 39

97 74

431 80

$11,191 69

(11)

'J-AI

12

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

Several thousand acres additional land are under contract but as
the conveyance is conditioned upon purchasable titles, no statement
or anything like an accurate estimate may be made of what is likely
to be purchased in the near future.

At the beginning of the period of land purchases in this State it
was recognized that the question of area would be a most difficult
one. To ask each owner in each instance to furnish us with a correct
survey and calculation of area in advance of purchase would in many
instances have been a hardship and have prevented the purchase of
desirable lands. The practice of the Commonwealth originally was, in
making grants of land, to add six per cent to the area for roads.
Probably the real principle involved was to give good measure be-
cause of the difficulties of making accurate surveys in that early day.
Inasmuch, therefore, as the Commonwealth made its original grants
by warrant areas and the allowance, it was deemed fair that in mak-
ing repurchases for Commonwealth purposes, they should likewise be
made using the areas of the original grants and allowances. The
allowance is not calculated as a part of the area of the original
warrant. The State pays a rate per acre for the original warrant
area and any excess represented by the allowance is for the purpose
of recouping the State for such losses as may occur in the making of
accurate resurveys at a later date, or of putting the balance on the
right side in correcting errors in the old surveys.

The condition of the record titles of much of the mountain land
in Pennsylvania is highly unsatisfactory. Some tracts were never
accurately located on the ground and were mere paper surveys.
Others have gone through the vicissitudes of having adverse claim-
ants. In this way double assessments resulted. From these facts
it has always been recognized that some losses in purchased areas
were likely to occur and for this reason the six per cent allowance
is permitted to stand as a means by which the State shall recoup
itself for all such losses. In fact, it is more than probable that at
this time the purchased record area in the report might well be in-
creased by about 4 per cent of itself, which increase added to the
reported area would represent approximately the accurate present
holding. We shall carry the purchased warrant areas as the present
area of the State forests until such time as every forest may be defin-
itely and accurately resurveyed, when careful and exact tables will
be prepared of the areas as they then appear.

In case of partial warrants, purchases are made upon actual prior
surveys required as a condition precedent to the conveyance. In
such instances the areas conveyed are net and accurate and are not
affected by the six per cent allowance. The partial warrants pur-
chased are small in area in comparison with the areas purchased
by original warrantee grants.

No. 10.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

13

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>

Because of difficulties of location, double assessments, overlaps and
counter claims of a variety of kinds, losses have recently occurred
in warrant areas amounting to 2, 156 acres, 138 perches. This area
of loss, as explained above, is made up many times over by the six
per cent allowance. The instances wherein these losses have occurred

are the following:

The purchase of a warrant of 822 acres, 37 perches from William
Whitmer & Sons Co., in Harris township. Centre county, was found
TO be the subject of a double assessment and was of such a nature that
title examination could not disclose this defect. When the defect
was discovered the purchase price of this area, amounting to $1850.02
being the price paid at |2.25 per acre, was returned by the grantor
and on February 8, 1915, was deposited with the State Treasurer.

A loss of 177 acres, 14 perches, by a resurvey, was disclosed in pur-
chase from the Perry Lumber Co. of tract located in Toboync town-
ship. Perry county. The overrun in this purchase was of such size
that' the Department deemed it fair to set the loss off against the
excess, still leaving in the hands of the Department an excess of
several hundred acres not yet exactly calculated.

The Elizabeth McHenry tract of 1,000 acres in Chapman township,
Clinton county, was bought at County Treasurer's tax sale in 1902.
The price paid for the tract was ^7.80. Recent surveys have dis-
closed the fact that this tract is non-existent, consequently its loss is

accounted for. - o^- i •

The balance of the lost area, amounting to 157 acres, 87 perches, is
the result of similar overlapping surveys and double assessments,
which will be reported in full detail when the facts have been com-
l^letely worked out. This is made up of a number of small areas
located in different regions.

The whole forest area owned by the Commonwealth is divided into
52 State Forests, each one originally under the administration of a
forester. The war has taken many foresters into the service so that
consolidation had to follow and those remaining are at present car-
ing for from two to four forests.

The great change in our economic conditions caused by the war
has created an unusual demand for forest products of every character.
Particularly is the call loud and long for wood suitable for gunstock
and aeroplane manufacture, represented by the black walunt and the
white ash. In this one instance alone is seen the wisdom of the
State's purchase of lands for restoration to a timber producing con-
dition State ownershiD leads to better protection and wiser con-
trol In order that the future call for forest materials of all kinds
may be met, it is imperatively necessary that larger areas be acquired
and restored to a productive condition. There is also an accom-
panying demand for additional equipment that speedy development
may be accomplished and the forest put to its best and highest use at
the earliest date.

14

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

THE PENNSYLVANIA FOKEST SERVICE.

On September 15tli, 191G, ten graduates fioni the State Forest
Academy were added to the service as Foresters, and on October 1st
an additional one was added. In 1917 eight men were graduated from
the Academy, seven of whom went into military service, and one into
private practice. These students completed the three years' course
of instruction at the Forest Academy and were assigned to appro-
priate stations within the forest. Tlie roster of foresters is given as
of December 31, 191(), before any of the men entered Federal service
in the National Army. Those who subsecpiently entered the service,
to and including December 31, 11)17, are indicated by the asterisk,
and their present rank, station, and unit of service is indicated in a
table following:

Forester.

Avery, John E., .

Baer, Chas. E.,

Barnes, L. G., .

Bartschat, W. J., .

Bastian, John A.,^ .

Bearer, V. M.,

Beitsch, Tom O „

Bodlne, A. W.,»

Bryner, H. E.,

Blouse, J. R.,»» ^

Byers, Wm. L., „

Conklin, Robert G.,

Conklln, W. Gard.,»

Orltchley, H. F.,*

Dague. Wm. F.,

Detz, Lewis M.,* „

IXitlinger, F. H.,

Elliott, Harry E.,"

Ernericlc R. Lynn,

Kvans. W. B.,«

Fox, P. Hartman

Golden, Thomas H

Harbeson, Thomas C, »..

Hogf'land, C. O.,'

Hogentogler, J. R.,» .

Horning, W. H., ._

inick, J. S., .._

Keller, John W., .

Kirk, Carl L.,

Leach, Walter,*

Ludwig, Walter D

Forest.

A<ldre88.

Minisink, __.

Bald Eagle,

Nittany,

Jacks Mountain,

Loyalsock,

Stuart, __.

Greenwood, .

Rothrock,

Pennypacker, .

Wh"thani,

Bedford,

Caledonia,

Offl(»e,

Young Womans Creek,

Clearfield,

Office.

Hopkins,

Sinnemahoning,

Coudersport, .

Sizervllle,

Austin,

Ole Bull,

Blackwells,

Kishacoquillas

McElhattan,

Karthaus, .

Mont Alto,

Bear Meadows, ,

Penfleld,

Office,

Johnstown,

Notch.

Klimsport.

Pleasant Gap.

Troxelvillo.

-Montoursville.

Ligonier.

McAlevysfort, R. D. No. 1.

Mount Union.

New Germantown.

Glen Union.

Rainsburg.

Fayetteville.

Harrisburg.

North Bend.

Clearfield.

Harrisburg.

Ronovo.

Sinnemahoning.

Coudersport.

Sizervllle.

Austin.

Cross Fork.

Lloyd.

Milroy.

Loganton, R. T). No. 2.

Karthaus.

Mont Alto.

Boalsburg.

Penfield.

Harrisburg.

Johnstown.

J-Transferred from Loyalsock to Rothrock Forest October 1, 1917.
"Resigned September 15. 1917.

•Granted leave of absence for two years from March 1, 1917.
♦Transferred from Office to Penn Forest October, 1917.
^Transferred from Slnn"mahoning to Slz-^rville Forest October 1 1917
■Transferred from Sizervllle to Mont Alto September, 1917.
'Transferred from Kishacoquillas Forest to Office in June, 1917.
•Engaged in military service.

No. 10.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

10

Forester.

McNaughton, N. R.,

McNeal, James E.,

McPherson, Benj. D.,*..

Meek, Charles R. ,*

Metzger, Homer S.,

Middour, Jos, C. ,*-__

Montgomery, W. E.,*..

Morgan, Howard H.,

Morton,. T. Roy, -

Morton, J. Newton,*

Moyer, Marvin H.,^*

Mulford, Paul H.,

MuUer, Max E.,

Mustin, Maurice,*

Neefe, Robert R.,

Perry, George S. ,

Port, Harold F.,» _. —

Powers, James E.,'* .

Retan, George A., ►

Rowland, H. B., Jr.,*

Rupp, Alfred E.,

Ryon, J. B.,*

Sheeler, Geo. W.,*

Shenefelt, Ira L.,**

Siggius, H. W.,*

Silvius, A. C,

Smith, Edgar H.,*

Smith, E. S.,*

Smith, H. A.,*

Stadden, Robert W.,*

Staley, Lewis E.,

Strobeck, John L.,

VanHom, H. O.,*

Warfield, D. Kerr,

Wells, Arthur B.,*

Williams, John R. ,

Winter, R. B..«

Wirt, George H

Zerby, Chas. E.,* _.

Ziegler, E. A.,*

Forest.

Office,

Reading, .

Office,

Penn,

Tea Spring,

Caledonia,

Seven Mountain,

Black, —

Barree,

Buffalo,

Slate Run,

Stone, > _-.

Kettle Creek, __

Office,

Pine, —

Brumbaugh, .._ .
Stone, _ _-.

Address.

D. No. 1.
R. D. No. 3.
D. No. 1.

Mont Alto,

Office

Buchanan,

Lushbaugh,

Snow Shoe,

Pocono,

Office,

BufTalo

Office,

Pine Grove,

McClure, >

Promised Land, —

Mont Alto, .

Pocono,

Hull,

Kishacoquillas,

Grays Run, _

Pine Grove,

Office,

Office,

Medix

Mont Alto,

Harrisburg.

Reading.

Harrisburg.

Coburn.

Loganton, R.

Shippensburg,

Spring Mills, R

Slate Run.

Petersburg.

Laurelton.

Slate Run.

Asaph.

Hammersleyfork.

Harrisburgr.

Water vlUe.

Altch.

Asaph.

Mont Alto.

Harrisburg.

Fort Loudon.

Sinnemahoning.

Snow Shoe.

East Stroudsburg.

Harrisburg.

Laurelton.

Harrisburg.

Pine Grove Furnace.

East Waterford.

Greentown, R. D. No. 1.

Mont Alto.

Analomink.

Conrad.

Milroy.

Fields Station.

Pine Grove Furnace.

Harrisburg.

Harrisburg. •*

Medix Bun.

Mont Alto.

^Leave of absence for two years beginning March 1, 1917.

^Resigned January .Tl, 1917.

"Left Pine Grove Forest to do military duty and afterwards was assigned to the Whetham

Forest.
♦Resigned October 1, 1917.

^Transferred from Pocono Forest to office, March, 1J>17.
•Returned to White Deer Forest in spring.
•Engaged In military service. . '

i •;...

16

REPORT OF THE

Oflf. Doc.

The roster of Forest Kangers on December 31, 1917, was as follows:

Banger.

Amig, J. W., - — .~...
Armstrong, G. W., —

Ayers, A. W.,

Bailey, O. M.,

Bailey, Robert G., —

Barbour, Jos., , -.

Barbour, Oscar,

Barndt, Wilson R., —

Barr, Merritt A., .

Benson, Daniel,

Bigelow, Clay W.,

Boop, Howard J., . —

Bixel, David P.,

Brooks. M. M. U. L.,-.

Buck, William,

Campbell, O. M., — —
^arbaugh. Jas. £.» —

Oarlin, J. V.,

Ohandlee, Frank,

Crum, R. M., ^

Dean, H. J., — —

Deter, G. C,

Ettinger, Wm. H., —

Fish, M. L.,

Frank, Ferdinand, —

Green, J. H.,

Grimes, Jas. £., ...~..
Uarbeson, D. B., ^-.^
Hart, Herman N., —
Hassler, B. F., ,-^ —
Hatton, Wm. K.,
Hockley, Harvey,
Hoover, Wm. R., _

Jenckes, £. N., »_

Johnston, Frank, .~.~.

Kamp, Adam,

Kauffman, W. L.,

Keeney, Milton, ^

Koontz, Leroy, ~.

Lebo. Samuel, .

Libby. David,

Lightner, S. S., ....«

Lipp, Geo. M.,

Manley, Joseph, ...

Maurer, Wm. C, ..—

McEIwee. James,

McKinney, Wm. F.,

Merrill, R. K.,

Middleswarth, 0. J., ..

Miller, Jacob, ....^

Monsell, John, ^ — .~.

Motz, Carl,

Nelson, John, .

Newman, L. T.,

Olson, Henry M., ,— .
Oppel, Herman A., ....

Perry, Harry B.,

Pidcoe, G. H.,

Reitz, Robert, ..

Rellihan, John T.,

Riviere, E. T.,

Roadarmel, S. M. , .....

Rogers, L. W., . .....

Ross, G. Edw., ........

Schwab, Robert, -

Seese, Howard P., .—«

Shaffer, John S., ..

Shoemaker, A. L., „^^

Smith, J. P.,

Smith, Edw. H.,

Staley, Harry, . ...

Stover, L. M., ... ..

Stull, Henry L., .

Sundy, F. P., «,

Welshans, J. W., -

Will, O. D

Wfnkebleck, John, ......

Wirth. William,

Wykoff, L. O.,

Ziegler, John H., ....

Post 0£ace.

Forest.

Richfield,

Westport,

Costello,

Sinuemahonlng,

Boalsburg,

Pine Grove Furnace, .

Pine Grove Furnace,

Somerset, R. D. No. 8, ..

Karthaus,

McAlevyslort, R. D. No. 1,..

Milroy, R. D — -

McAlevysfort, R. D. No. 1,—

Loganton, ,

Driftwood, . — —

Odessa, .

Cammal,

Fayetteville, .

Metal, .

Slate Run,

Sinnemahonlng,

Milroy, R. D. No. 1, ►

Graysville,

Troxelville, .

Lloyd,

Edgemere, .

Coudersport, ^

Pine Grove Furnace, .-

White Deer,

New Germantown, .

Fayetteville, .

Lords Valley,

Pine Grove Furnace, .

Pleasant Gap, . .

Asaph, .

Penfleld,

Lock Haven,

Thomhurst, . —

Cross Fork,

New Germantown,

LucuUus, .

Weikert,

Cottage,

Mou tours ville,

': Montgomery, R. D. No. 2, —

i Troxelville, .

I Orrtauna, R. D. No. 2, ;

I Spring Mills, R. D. No. 8, ..i

! Glen Union,

' Troxelville, .

I Bushkill _

j Reedsville, R. D. No. 1, .

Woodward, . ..............I

Clearfield !

Fields Station

Cross Fork, .

Wistie

! Fayetteville,

Williamsport, R. D. No. 1, _.

Charter Oak,

Lock Haven,

Milford,

Mifflinburg, R. D. No. 2,

Waterville

McAlevysfort, B. D. No. 1...

Lectonia, .

Rcnovo, r- —

Mont Alto,

Beech Creek,

Chambcrsburg, B. D. No. 4,

Ralnsburg, . ». ...

Mont Alto,

Livonia,

Fayetteville, .

McCrca.

Loganton,

Slate Run, 1

Beech Creek,

Milroy,

Firstfork

East Waterford,

Shade Mt.,

Hopkins,

Hull,

Sinnemahonlng, .—
Bear Meadows. —

Pine Grove, .

Pine Grove, .

Stuart,

Karthaus,

Greenwood,

Kishacoquillas,

Greenwood, .

McElhattan, .

Medix,

Karthaus,

Slate Bun,

Caledonia,

Buchanan,

Black,

Sinnemahonlng, ...
Kishacoquillas, .—

Barree,

Jacks Mt.,

Blackwells,

Minisink,

Coudersport,

Pine Grove, ...

Tea Spring, .

Pennypacker, .

Caledonia,

Minisink

Pine Grove,

Nittany,

Stone,

Penfleid.

McElhattan,

Lackawanna, .

Ole Bull,

Pennypacker,

Pine,

Penn,

Barree,

Loyalsock,

Bald Eagle,

Jacks Mt

Caledonia, .-

Seven Mt., -

Whetham,

Jacks Mt., .

Pocono,

Greenwood,

Buffalo, :

Clearfield,

Grays Run, .

Ole Bull

Rothrock, ._

Caledonia, ... .

Loyalsock, ._

Bear Meadows, ...

Crawford, ..

Westfall,

White Deer

Pine,

Greenwood, _

Blackwells

Hopkins, ._

Mont Alto,

Snow Shoe, .

Buchanan, .

Bedford, ...

Mont Alto, -

White Deer, .

Caledonia, .

Pennypacker, .

Tea Springs,

Black,

Snow Shoe,

Kishacoquillas, .

Lushbaugh,

McOlure,

Forester.

Dutllnger.

Van Horn.

Elliott.

Keller.

Williams.

Williams.

Bearer.

Horning.

Bietsch.

Warfleld.

Bietsch.

Metzger.

Zerby.

Horning.

Neefe.

Conklln.

Rupp.

Morgan.

Elliott.

Warfleld.

Morton.

Bartschat.

Harbeson.

Avery.

Emerlck.

Williams.

Metzger.

Bryner.

ConJdln.

Avery.

Williams.

Barnes.

Mulford.

Kirk.

Metzger.

Gtolden.

Bryner.

Neefe.

Detz.

Morton.

Neefe.

Baer.

Bartschat.

Oonklln.

Detz.

Dutllnger.

Bartschat.

Strobeck.

Bietsch.

Sllvlus.

Dague.

Neefe.

Golden.

Bastlan.

Oonklln.

Neefe.

Keller.

Dutllnger.

Winter.

Neefe.

Bietsch.

Harbeson.

Dutllnger.

Staley.

Dutllnger.

Rupp.

By en.

Staley.

Winter.

Oonklln.

Bryner.

Metzger.

Morgan.

Dutllnger.

Warfleld.

ElUott.

Bryner.

No. 10.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

Changes in the service during the two years covered by this re-
port were as follows:

FORESTERS APPOINTED.

Name.

Ira L. Shenefelt, .

Benj. D. McPherson, ,

Joe R. Blouse,

J. Newton Morton, —
Ohas. C. Hogeland, __

Marvin H. Meyer,

Harold P. Port,

Lewis M. Detz,

E. S. Smith, — „

J. C. MIddour,

H. A. Smith,

John E. Buch,

Edwin B. Miller

Josef B. Harlacher, —

Ralph W. Musser,

Saml. W. Windle,

L. Edgar McNulty, ^__.
Howard E. Breneman,
Lloyd D. Boot,

Forest.

Date.

Pocono,

Ottice,

Whetham,

Buflfalo.

Kishacoquillas,
Slate Run, _..

Stone,

Office,

Sept. 15, 1916.

Sept. 15, 1916.

Sept. 15, 1916.

Sept. 15, 1916.

Sept. 15, 1916.

Sept. 15, 1916.

Sept. 15, 1916.

Oct. 1, 1916.

Pine Grove, Sept. 15, 1916.

Caledonia _ I Sept. 16, 1916.

McClure. Sept. 15, 1916.

Students (3d year) at the Forest Academy who entered mili-
tary service just prior to graduation, and did not take
their assignments, except Mr. Windle, who retired.

FORESTERS TRANSFERRED.

Name.

John A. Bastlan, ._

Lewis M. Detz,

Harry E. Elliott, —

W. B. Evans,

O. O. Hogeland, ..

Walter Leach,

W. E. Montgomery,
James E. Powers, .

Forest.

Rothrock, .

Penn,

Sizerville, .
Mont Alto,

Office,

Office,

Mont Alto,
Whetham,

Date.

October 1, 1917.
October, 1917.
October 1, 1917.
September, J917.
June, 1917.
March, 1917.
August, 1917.
June, 1916.

FOREST RANGERS APPOINTED.

Name.

Forest.

Date.

Clay W. Bigelow,

Robert I. Brown, .

James E. Grimes,

Joseph Barbour, .

Oscar Barbour,

Harvey Hockley, .

Ralph Llmbaugh,

Wm. R. Hoover, .

L. T. Newman,

John Long, .

Jacob Miller, _

Robert G. Bailey.

Daniel F. Blxel,

Walter Sutch,

John H. Ziegler,

Kishacoquillas December «0,

1916.

Pine Grove,
Pine Grove,
Pine Grove,
Pine Grove,
Pine Grove,

Pine,

Nittany,

January 1, 1916.
August 1, 1917.
August 1, 1917.
August 1, 1917.
August 1, 1917.
August 1, 1917.
August 1, 1917.
August 1, 1917.

Grays Run , ^ , ,^,^

Sizerville. ! August 1, 1917.

Pocono, — I August 1, 1917.

Bear Meadow — .; September 15. 1917.

McElhattan, .— - , ^eptember 15 1917.

Young Womans Creek, October 15, 1917.

McOlure, October 15, 1917.

18

REPORT OF THE

DEATHS AND KESIGNATIONS.

Off. Doc.

Name.

Pate.

Russell Fawley, Forester, -

Resigned,

Resigned,

Resigned,

Resigned,

Resigned,

Died,

January 31. 1916.

W. Elmer Houpt, Forester, _

February 1. 1916

B. B. McCool, Forester,

February 1, 1916.
March 1 1916

Walter M. Muuima, Forester,

D. K. Meredith, Forest Ranger,

Chas. E. Leonard, Forest Ranger, ►_„

March 1, 1916.
March 6. 1916.

Robert I. Brown, Forest Ranger,

R. E. McCoy, Forest Ranger,

Resigned,

Resigned, \

Resigned,

Resigned, ... _

June 8, 1916.
June 30. 1916.

Edgar "Wilson, Forest Ranger,

Harry VanCleve, Forest Ranger,

June 30, 1916.
July 31. 1916

Jerome J. Wheeler, Forest Ranger,

Jesse M. Houtz, Forester, .

Resigned,

Resigned,

Resigned,

Resigned,

Resigned,

Resigned,

Resigned,

Resigned,

Resigned,

Resigned,

Resigned,

Resigned,

August 31, 1916.
August 31, 1916.
September 16, 1916.
fJanuarv 31 1917

John L. Witherow, Forester, ..

Maurice Mustin, Forester,

Charles E. Woof, Forester,*

September 30, 1916.
March 31. 1917.
April 1, 1917.
Aueust 4 1917

Chas. Hemmerly, Forest Ranger,

O. A. Swartz, Forest Ranger, ^

John Long, Forest Ranger, ..

Leon F. Lewis, Forest Ranger,

August 31 1917

W. H. Harpster, Forest Ranger,

M. A. Fourness, Forest Ranger,

John Bricker, Forest Ranger,

September 1, 1917.
October 15, 1917.
November 7 1917

♦Forester Woof after leaving the service entered into the employ of the Philadelphia and
Reading Railway, and met his death accidentally at Rutherford on March 3, 1917.

THE GREAT WAR.

The entrance of the Government of the United States into the Ger-
man War on April 6, 1917, was the signal for many of the foresters,
former foresters, students, and employes to think of immediate entry
into tlie service. Most of these young men, trained at the Forest
Academy, were of exceptional fitness for military service and were
accepted as raj)idly as they ottered themselves. The majority entered
by voluntary enlistment. Their names, ranks, and units of service
are indicated in the following table:

Blouse, Joe R. CIG), Aviation Corps, Columbus, Ohio.
Breneraan, Howard E. ('17), Co. C, 1st Bat., 10th Eng. (Forest), A. E. F.
Bueh, John Edward ('17), Co. C, 1st Bat., 10th Eng. (Forest), A. E. F.
Conklin, W. Card, 1st Lt. (('08), Co. D, 8th Bat., 20th Eng. (Forest), A. E. F.
Critchley, H. F., 2d Lt. ('13), 328th Field Artillery, Camp Custer, Mich.
Gilbert, Paul, Sergt., 228th Aero Squadron, A. E. F.
llarlacher, Josef ('17), Co. B, 1st Bat., 20th Eng. (Forest), A. E. F.
Hogentogler, J. R. ('12), Battery F, 108th Field Artillery, Camp Hancock, Au-
gusta, Ga.
Horning, W. Harold ('14), Co. D, lOtli Bat., 20th Eng. (Forest), A. E. F.
♦Houpt, W. E. ('09), Co. F, 2d Bat., 20th Eng. (Forest), A. E. F.
♦Houtz, Jesse M., 2d Lt. ('13), 310th Field Artillery, Camp Meade, Md.
*Irwin, James A., Sergt. ('12), Co. C, 1st Bat., 10th Eng. (Forest), A. E. F.
Leach, Walter ('14), Headquarters Company, 314th Infantry, A. E. F.
McNulty, L. Edgar ('17), Co. C, 1st Bat., 10th Eng. (Forest), A. E. F.
McPherson, Bcnj. D. ('16), Co. C, 1st Bat, 10th Eng. (Forest), A. E. F.
Meek, Charles R., Sergt. ('12), Co. D, 4th Bat., 10th Eng. (Forest), A. E. F.
Middour, Joseph C. ('16), Co. C, 1st Bat., 10th Eng. (Forest), A. E. F.
Miller, Edwin B. ('17), Co. C, 1st Bat., 10th Eng. (Forest), A. E. F.
Montgomery, W. E., 2d Lt. ('13), 335th Field Artillery, Camp Dix, N. J.

No. 10.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

10

Morton, J. Newton ('16), Co. C, 1st Bat., 10th Eng. (Forest), A. E. F.

Moyer, Marvin H. ('16), Co. B, 5th Bat., 20th Eng. (Forest), A. E. F.

Musser, Ralph W. ('17), Co. B, 305th Field Signal Bat., A. E. F.

Port, Harold F. ('16), Co. A, 1st Bat., 10th Eng. (Forest), A. E. F.

Powers, James E., Master Engineer ('15), Headquarters Detachment, 103rd En-
gineers, A. E. F.

"Robinson, Milton O. ('12), Co. 5, E. R. O. T. C, Camp Lee, Petersburg, Va.

Root, Lloyd D. ('17), Co. C, 1st Bat., 10th Eng. (Forest), A. E. F.

Ross, Roy B. Sr. Master Engineer, Headquarters Co., 5th Bat., 20th Eng., (Forest),
A. E. F.

Rowland, Horace B. Jr., ('15), Co. F., 1st Bat., 10th Eng. (Forest), A. E. F.

*Seltzcr, John W., 1st Lt. ('09), 10th Engineers (Forest), A. E. F.

Sheeler, Geo. W., Sergt. ('12), Co. C, 502d Engineers, A. E. F.

Shenefelt, Ira L., 2d Lt. ('16), Field Artillery, N. A., Saumur Artillery School,
A. E. F.

Siggins, H. W. ('14), Co. C, 1st Bat., 10th Eng. (Forest), A. E. F.
Smith, Edgar H., 1st Lt. ('11), Co. M, 316th Infantry, Camp Meade, Md.
Smith, Edward S. ('16), Co. B, 3(1 Bat., 20th Eng. (Forest), A. E. F.
Smith, H. A. ('16), Co. A, 1st Bat., 10th Eng. (Forest), A. E. F.
Stadden, Robt. W. ('14), Co. C, 1st Bat., 10th Eng. (Forest), A. E. F.
VanHorn, Harry C. ('14), Co. A, 1st Bat., 10th Eng. (Forest), A. E. F.
Wells, Arthur B. ('11), Battery E, 76th Field Artillery, A. E. F.
Ziegler, E. A., Major, Coast Artillery Service, Fort Monroe, Va.

In addition to the foregoing, Ranger Harry L. Thomas and John
Thomas enlisted in the service and are doing duty with Co. C, of the
1st Battalion of the 10th Engineers (Forest).

The desire to serve the country not only took possession of a large
number of our foresters, but extended even to the students at the
Forest Academy. From this small group the following persons have
entered the Armv:

Bradley, Tom O. ('19), Co. B, 3d Bat., 20th Eng. (Forest), A. E. F.

Loetzer, Louis C. ('19), Co. A, 41st Bat., 20th Eng. (Forest), American University

Camp, Washington, D. C.
Mosch, Walter ('19), Co. E, 4th Bat., 20th Eng. (Forest), A. E. F.
Rowland, Arthur L. ('18), Co. B, 3d Bat., 20th Eng. (Forest), A. E. F.
Senft, Walter M. ('19), Cadet U. S. Aviation School, Richfield, Waco, Texas.
VanArsdall, Howard, 2d Lt. ('18), Troop I. 8th Cavalry, Presidio, Tex.

Prof. E. A. Ziegler, Director of the Academy, left in May after
turning the institution over to Prof, lllick, and was rapidly followed
by an exodus of students.

•Former ForosttTB, not In State sorvire at time of enlistment.

FOREST PROTECTION.

The Bureau of Forest Protection is now fully organized under the
direction of George H. Wirt, Chief Forest Fire Warden, who was as-
sisted by H. W. Siggins as clerk until August, 1917, when he entered
military service. For a period of one month from August 23rd to

11

•Former foreaters, not in State service at time of enlistment.

20

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

September 29th Miss Edith ShafPer rendered temporary service. Miss
Laura Bomberger of Manheim took Mr. Siggins' place on October 1,

1917.

Competent fire wardens have now been appointed in every region
in the State where fire is likely to occur, and these officers have been
rendering capable and acceptable service. The Commonwealth has
been divided into 21 fire districts in which later on will be placed
District Fire Wardens, provided for by the act of 1915.

The Chief Forest Fire Warden has prepared and there have been
published two exhaustive fire reports for the years 1916 and 1917,
the period covered by this report. There is, therefore, set forth here
only a condensed resume, the reader being referred to the detailed
reports for fuller information and discussion. These reports were
published as Bulletin No. 13 and Bulletin No. 16.

The fire seasons of 1916 were unfavorable for the starting of fires
and the new organization of wardens was able to keep them well
in control. The long dry fall, however, carried fire season into the
middle of December. In 1917 the seasons were favorable to fires
and we had an unusual number reported. There has never been a
time when all fires have been reported and perhaps the better or-
ganization of patrolmen, watch towers, and wardens is bringii^g
to our attention more fires than ever before. The following tables
set forth the condition of affairs for the two years covered by this
report and in some instances, figures for 1915, by way of^ comparison.

- AREA, DAMAGE, AND COST OF EXTINCTION OF FOREST FIRES IN

1916 AND 1917.

County.

Number.

1919 I 1917

Area.

Damage.

Cost of Extinction.

1916

Adams,

Allegheny,

Armstrong,

Beaver,

Bedford. —

Berks,

Blair

Bradford,

Bucks, —

Butler,

Cambria,

Cameron,

Carbon,

Centre,

Chester,

Clarion,

Clearfield

Clinton.

Columbia,

Crawford,

Cumberland,

DaupWn,

Delaware,

Elk

Ene

Eayette,

Forest,

Franklin,

1917

1916

1917

9

"io ,

87

17

620 I 2,064.37
222 070.6

$1,000 I

$5, OSS

40

27

41

3

4

1

81

16

83

47

6

2

14

50

8

2

20

20

14

20

8

76

02

22
50
20

6

2
06
17
52
90
11

8
49
71
34

0
21
75

4,990

2,225

17,977

47

86

00

614

8,207

7,406

9,143

454

7

3,482

6,701

3,248

752

1,517

3,004

54 1,380

12,497.75

1,037.25

14,077.50

760.50

412.01

520.00

5,840.90

1,961.00

10,300.25

10,686.92

318.00

2,257.00

0,472.50

12,385.35

5,392.75

175.00

3,581.75

21,393.33

56.00

18,889.35

4,708

5,112

19,743

82

74

3.2.33

7,445

10,429

8,161

4.680

20

1,071

23,330

17,726

18,081
3.405

27,138

4,741

833

1910

1917

$107 05 I
38~io'i'

$470 90
"ii2"65

2.019
0,400

4.914

2,123
22.042
30,838

7,692

75

10,887

14,722

8.144
320

0.080
25,473

483 10

305 71

030 09

17 00

20 06

9 85

1.^ 75

190 55

370 73

1,550 20

54 02

13 35

177 95

529 40

187 88

4 75

180 01

307 94

1,237 63
230 30

1,184 10

157 79

34 01

2,792 I 14,745

581 50

47
13
89

3,908

337

1,520

0,078.75
1,267.00
0,733.11

7,247

25

2,219

13.027

800

7.244

318 10

2.*? 30

641 90

009 04
162 5C
768 02
1,401 84
00 12
188 25
038 50
577 26
871 48

444 00
1.037 26

891 92

077 09

44 60

1.263 10

Plate 1. Steel Tower on Sand Mount, White Deer Forest, built

August, 1917.

■i

No. 10.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

21

AREA, DAMAGE. AND COST OF EXTINCTION OF FOREST FIRES IN

1916 AND 1017— Continued.

Number.

Area.

Damage.

Cost of Extinction.

County.

1916

1»17 1916

1917

1016

Fulton,

Greene,

Huntingdon,

Indiana, -

Jefferson,

Juniata,

Lackawanna,

Lancaster,

Lawrence,

Lebanon,

Lehigli,

Luzerne,

Lycoming

McKean,

Mercer,

Mifflin -

Monroe,

Montgomery,

Montour,

Northampton,

Northumberland, .

Perry,

Philadelphia -

Pike.

Potter,

Schuylkill,

Snyder,

Somerset,

Sullivan,

Susquehanna, j

Tioga 1

Union, !

Venango, ]

Warren, — :

Washington, ■

Westmoreland, — ;

Wyoming — i

York - —

18

18 1,200

34
5
2

16

12
2

"T

8
49
27

6

1

18
42

2

69
18
9
81 ;

29

8 i

10 i
121 '
66 i
21

1

13
16

16

80

87
9

26

23
1

14
9
8
7

"io'

27
9
8

84

111

7,610

467

16

8,602

3,050

360

'I'.m'

443

16,859

5.009

626

6

2,472

1,128

11

1,433.00

2,362

21
68
34

1
656
290

7,382.11
1,424.50
538.75
13,136.50
3,417.00
1,604.00

"'2^592726

3,532.00

21,637.00

21.359.50

900.50

10,118
3,400

6,081
3,410
2.526

"i^2oo'

1,560

15,172

10,520

406

8,158.76
10,066.38

4,294
1,394

1917

1916

1,538

276 06

15,762

2,301

2.664
71,902 I

3,271
10,070

"'3I825";'
11,715
35,375
58,919
748 !

963 41

81 70

688

206 76

233 68

63 81

56~35"

75 41

1,020 67

439 16

58 41

1917

413 80

2.469.75

13,720.51

4,338.61

678
1,238

26

67

128

8
86
89

8
33
10

4
14

"'19'
40
9b

8

2,871

18,385

8,092

2,205

1,940

642

25

2,547

902

906

156

955'
2,160
702
547

7,407.00

1,509.70

13,36(>.75

368.50

9,905.20

2,565.00

46.75

2,894.00

3,403.57

993.00

1,017.00

"i^Tiroo"

3,109.50

962.00

84.00

4,459
10,843
8,491
1,455
4,533
286

16,792 I
13.384

856 61
174 96

3,420

24.200

7,362

280

T9 56
136 84

903
1,408
1.746

310

'2"685"
2.361
1.381
2,232

Total 1.013 ! 2,087 154,752 319.359

$236,292

6,760
3,231

27,655
684

26,910
1,354
70
3,606
4,001
6,025
1,290

"2T685"
6,983
1,380
126

218 52
645 69
394 31
238 22
197 68
180 36
295
203 61
173 81

67 63

"iiE'is'

324 00

102 15

21 68

$619,182 $13,913 80

COMPARISON BY MONTHS.

709 64
144 28
109 60
837 24
379 86
140 66

'"'ii6'23

387 09

1,461 86

2,297 66

95 41

902 09
1,162 47

212 37

640 17

1,071 73

440 10

291 45

1,422 32

115 27

1,330 SO

393 80

22 90

371 43

567 55

35 35

70 43

302'08

357 66

223 29

44 75

$30,218 99

•

>>
•1

3

a

08

•

>.

OS

2

•

u

OS

(1
0.
<

•

7^

•

a;

G
9

•

a

•-8

August.

•

X3

a
0,

October.

•

z

a

>
0

•

a

•

inie

8
6"

84

9

148

739
181
807

]

94
307
688

i

18
6
8

1

2

1

*•»•_»

84

127
IS

119
220
318

9

116
4

1,101

1)^10, — — - —

1915.

4

2

23

4

30

8

1,013
2.087

1917.

22

REPORT OF THE'
COMPARISON BY CAUSES.

Off. Doc.

•

bo

n

a

•

•

(H

>»

-^3

OS

03

o

'5

E

a

o

c

S

S3

«

m

o

bo
a

bo

a

'5

■M

so

00

p

O

a
,2

u

09

i

a

o

a

a
&

o

1915, -— 274

1916. : 270

1917 - .-_ 756

105

55

173

120

95

127

138
182

200

28 19 I 37 382 1,101

44 10 : 45 312 I 1,013

45 3 i 62 781 I 2,087

COMPARISON BY ACREAGE.

Less Than
1 Acre.

1 to 100

Acres.

100 to 1,000
Acres.

More Than
1,000 Acres.

B

a

525

CO

t-l

u

s

Total.

00

a

3

<»5

S

3

1915, 61 31

1916, 103 25

1917, — — 237 .'57.87

639

20,637

323

115,116

662

14.269

220

60,568

1,284

27,532

521

149,482

73
28
83

200,851

1,101

79,890

1.013

141,228

2,087

STATE FOREST LAND BUJINED— 1015, 1916 AND 1917.

County.

Adams,

Bedford, .._
Cameron, __

Centre,

Clearfield, __

Clinton,

Cumberland,
Dauphin, ___
Elk.

Franklin,

Fulton,

Huntingdon,

.Tunlata,

Lackawanna,
Lycoming, _.

Mifflin,

Monroe,

Perry,

Pike

Area Burned.

1915.

1916.

1,540

125

1,410

2,408

25

13,275

5,560

2.000

1.35

502

1.34

1«0
6,085
5,134.2
3.2

472.5

892.6

100
604.6

■I

Potter

Snyder,

Somerset,

Tioga,

Westmoreland,

Union,

Wyoming,

17

2,704
137

5,473.3
327.7

800
1,780.1
1,597.1

2,150

6,156

366

2.826

78

106

70

387

394
18(/.8
1,616

Total,

41,963

1,178

"""786"

27,718

388,635
154.752
319.. 339

1917.

1,653

.507

227.6

140
1.070.3

935

105

200
3,293.6

206

150
3.900

640.5
50

800
. 3.35

180

63

"3"

14,441.9

No. XO.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

23

During the two years there has been a great fluctuation in the
number of forest tire wardens. On September 1, 1915 when the
Bureau of Forest Protection was organized there were upon the rolls,
the names of 1,741 wardens. This was reduced to about 1,500 by
January 1, 1916, by dropping many inactives and accepting resigna-
tions. By January 1, 1917, there were 1,784 and by December 31, this
number was reduced to 1,463 including State Foresters, State Forest
Bangers, and Game Protectors. Practically all of these men are now
active.

The following tables indicate the growth of the patrol service in
1916 and 1917. These men are doing duty in bad fire regions. They
catch many small tires and extinguish them before they do much dam-
age. By their activities in visiting sawmill owners and brush burners
they prevent many tires:

FOREST FIRE I'ATROL SERVICE DURING 191G.

•

Number of Men.

Salaries

Paid.

County.

•

•

•

00

C
O

i

a>

^

US

l-t

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6

O

•

o,

<

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P.

CQ

4^

u

o

S^

o

OS

Cambria,

Centre,

Clinton

Huntingdon, _.

Juniata __.

Lycoming,

Mifflin,

Monroe,

Potter,

Tioga.

Westmoreland.

2

4
2
2 i

1
6
2

3

6

6

1
1
4
1

1
1
6
1
2

Total,

8

11

18

26

125 00

%Se 38

126 37
125 00

3

1
1

1

243 87

«*^s— »«a_ w

44 04
158 22

120 00

545 01

544 99
120 00

1

89 48

15 75

1 »

$601 39

$1,609 72

24

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

SUMMARY OF PATROL SERVICE, 1917.

County.

•

•

Number of Men.

a

1

a
o

08

•3

■

CS

o

.•

1

1

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u

•

April.

•

08

•

V

g

i

s

s

>

s

2
"3

a
o

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M

Pi

s

no 3

Adams,

Bedford -.

BlaJr

Bradford,

Cambria,

Cameron,

Centre,

Clearfield,

Clinton,

Cumberland, _

Elk,

Fayette,

Franklin,

Fulton,

Huntingdon, .

Luzerne,

Lycoming,

Mifflin,

Monroe,

Pike.

Potter,

Somerset,

Tioga,

Union,

Westmoreland,

2

3

2

3

1
1
4
7
1
4
1
2
1
9
11
4

1
1
4

12
3
6
4
1
1

11

11

8

1
2
7
1
8

4
2
10
2
5

2

1

14

26

1

1

2
'I'

1
1

14

26

6

1

$68 80
71 60

"'24*00'

45 40
65 33

45 00
45 00
72 78

$32 50

22 50

92 40

2
4

5
2

Total,

72

96

54

2
4
1
1
2

67

2

2
1
1

45 00

77 40

27 00
84 00

57 46

69 ao

$912 87

538 47

$80 00

no 40

22 50

20 00

150 00

68 60

596 70

123 07

297 40

165 CO

64 47
19 71

293 00

194 60

337 60

92 02

160 00

164 00

585 47

127 20

253 85

24 30

80 00

95 00

65 65

$620 97 $4,190 34

There are now four active Forest Protective Associations in the
State. The oldest, the Pocono Protective Fire Association has been
conducting a valuable educational campaign, has increased its list of
members greatly, has built and maintained three towers, held annual
meeting of wardens, and aroused neighborhood interest. It paid out
in 1916 and 1917, J2,859.21, and had $731.93 on hand December 31,
1917.

The Central Pennsylvania Forest Fire Protective Association car-
ried on its educational campaign, built telephone lines, opened old
woods roads, had a meeting of wardens and maintained patrol. Its
expenditures in 1916 were |483.88, with balance of |319.21 on hand
December 31, 1917. Its account for 1917 is not available, the secre-
tary having entered the U. S. service late in the fall.

The McKean County Protective Fire Association was organized in
October of 1916. Not much was done that year but in 1917 it began
reorganizing the protective force of the county and by the end of the
year had made itself felt for good. It has spent J226.12 and had
Jt499.18 on hand December 3, 1917.

The Anthracite Forest Protective Association was organized in
April, 1917 and has been busy reorganizing the force of wardens and
getting members. It spent during the year, $281.06, and had a bal-
ance of |1 ,362.45 on hand December 31, 1917.

No. 10.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

25

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No. 10.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

33

LEGISLATION.

At the legislative session of 1917, outside of the necessary appro-
l>riations for the continuance of foresti-y, no legislation was asked
for by the Department. However, three separate bills were introduced
by the friends of forestry, were passed finally, and became laws.

The first was an extension of the act of April 21, 1915, P. L. 156,
by which the powers and duties of foresters and forest rangers were
extended to the enforcement of the laws relating to fish and game.
It provides, however, that all prosecutions for the violations of such
laws shall be brought either by the Department of Fisheries or the
Game Commission, as the case may be. All reports of such violations
are first made to the Department of Forestry and by it communicated
to the other respective officers. This law was approved May 29, 1917
and is cited as P. L. 309.

The second legislative act authorizes the Department to purchase
and receive a conveyance of surface rights only, and to hold the same
for forestry purposes as a portion of the State Forests. This law is
intended to meet the case where land is subject to outstanding rights
by means of which water, minerals, oil, gas, or other valuable deposits
may have been previously conveyed. The policy of the Department
heretofore consistently had been to purchase only fee simple titles
It remains to be seen after being tested out by experience whether
this law will produce the desired results. The question of a mixture
or confusion of titles with respect to State Forests can only be satis-
factorily reported upon after some years of trial have been applied
to the project. Approved May 8, 1917 and cited as P. L. 156.

The third act of legislation was called for by the desire of the
people to extend as far as possible the cultivation of all suitable land
(luring the war emergency period and to accord to those who may
live within or near State lands the privilege of cultivating small areas
of State forest land. Leases for the purpose may be made by the
Department for not more than ten years. In case application shall
be made by more than one person, the right to lease will be advertised
for public bidding. Where land is required by the Department for
the use of its employes, it may be retained for the purpose regardless
of a desire to lease on the part of third persons. The act was ap-
proved July 11, 1917 and is cited as P. L. 781.

Ill
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I

34

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

NEW CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIRS.

Because of the high cost of labor and material, a minimum amount
of new construction and repairs was undertaken. The following es-
sential work was completed or authorized:

A dwelling for a forest ranger was built in the Sinnemahoning
Eorest. The difficulty of obtaining a suitable home in this region,
\v here buildings of all kind are scarce, made it imperative that one
of the rangers on this forest be accorded better housing. The new
building places him in a locality where his services are most useful.

A new Idwelling was erected for the forest ranger located near
Potters Mills in Centre county. The old building had fallen into great
disrepair and any attempt to repair the old building and make it
serviceable would have cost nearly as much as the new structure.
This building was authorized March 3, 1916 and is now completed

The forester's house at Austin needed a number of changes to make
it suitable as a forester's home. The repairs undertaken consisted
chiefly of re-arrangement of a i)ortion of the house and general reno-
vation. This building is now in the best of repair and presents an
entirely satisfactory appearance. The work was authorized June 2,
1910 anld finished that year.

At the forester's headquarters on the Medix Forest a stable was.
needed for the pr()]>er housing of a team and such forest property as
could be conveniently stored therein. The building was authorized i«
April, 1917, and completed during the year.

It was necessary to select a site for a forester's home in the McClure'
Forest. No building at present on that forest is suitable for the-
purpose. The nearest available residence place. East Waterford, is
too far away to be satisfactory as the headquarters of the forester,
consequentlv a site was chosen in July, 1917, construction authorized
])ut not yet undertaken. The building probably will not be begun
until after the war. For the present the :McClure Forest is attached
to the Pennypacker Foiest. Little more can be done than accord

]»rotection.

The dwelling occupied by Ranger Frank in Pike county was des-
troyed by fire on the 29th day of July, 1917. Since the presence of
a ranger in that region is essential the reconstruction of the bujlding
on a somewhat different plan was authorized in October, 1917, and
is now in process of completion.

The old stone house at the Forge on the Brumbaugh Forest was
rapidlv falling to decay. This house was so built and its character
being so suitable for forest purposes, it was decided to make to it

No. 10.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

35

extensive repairs, which were accordingly made during the summer
of 1916. This property is now occupied by the forester in charge
of the Brumbaugh Forest and is an attractive, useful dwelling.

LEGAL AFFAIRS.

The claim made by Silas W. Munn to a portion of the George
Mead warrant in Girard township, Clearfield county, previously re-
ported as having been referred to the Attorney General for action
on July 8, 1915, still remains in his hands awaiting disposition.

The claim made by H. R. Hatfield in relation to the James Smith
tract of 400 acres, 48 perches, in Bratton township, Mifflin county,
was likewise referred to the Attorney General on July 1, 1915 and
at present remains in his office.

On January 12, 1915, John H. Iloerner obtained a warrant to survey
a* tract of 30 acres of land in Metal township, Franklin county.
He neglected to proceed with his claim and, without perfecting it,
died January 24, 1914. The time limitation of seven years having
elapsed, at the expiration of which such outstanding rights are va-
cated by reason of the rule of the Supreme Court laid down in Strauch
vs. Shoemaker, 1 W & S 173, an application was made by the Com-
missioner of Forestry on January 31, 1912, acting for the Depart-
ment of Forestry, for a warrant to survey the land formerly covered
by the Hoerner application. On February 20, 1912, John H. Hoerner
filed a caveat under this application, but did nothing thereunder up
to the time of his death. A return of survey was made on the
Hoerner warrant June 6, 1912.

Two questions arose in this case and came on for a hearing before
the Board of Property. The first was whether a State officer acting
for a dei)artment of the State government, might apply for a tract
of vacant land for forestry purposes; and secondly, whether under
the law a subsequent application might be made under the act of
1909. The hearing was held February 8, 1916, argument had, and
briefs submitted. No decision was rendered for a long time and
the Department of Forestry has never been officially notified of any
decision whatever, although it is rumored that the matter was de-
cided in behalf of the executor and devisee of the first applicant.

A claim has been malde by the Midland Mining Company against the
Commonwealth, involving certain tracts of land in Centre county,
and arises by reason of alleged interfering surveys. The Attorney
General's office, representing the Department of Forestry, chose

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f

t

36

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

Harry Keller, Esq., of Bellefonte, to represent its interests. Elaborate
maps have been prepared, statements of witnesses taken, and local his-
tory relating to the actual surveys procured in preparation for a final
decision on the merits of the claim. This matter is not yet disposed
of but is awaiting disposition in the courts of Centre county.

William Carter of Mount Union, R. D., after numerous warnings
and total disregard thereof, was arrested for permitting his cattle
to trespass upon State land where they were doing damage to a
plantation. A hearing of the defendant was held on June 2, 1917
before Justice- of the Peace DavHd S. Black, of Huntingdon, where
the Department was represented by the District Attorney of the
county, C. D. Fetterhoff, Esq., and Forester A. W. Bodine. The de-
fendant was convicted on the evidence submitted and was fined |15
and costs, which he paid, and has since properly restrained his cattle
from trespassing on forbidden State property.

Legal Actions 191G, Arising Out of Protective Work.

Frank Lape, Joe Lape, Rollin George, Dr. F. P. Summa— Nanti-
coke, setting fire. Plead guilty. $10.00 costs and $25.00 damages

to owner.

Sam Oliver— Smethport, R. F. D., setting fire. Settled by paying

costs and $25.00 damage.

A. O. Albert— Setting fire. Settled by paying cost. Reprimanded

in open court.

C. H. Eschenbach, Thornhurst— Refusing aid to fire warden. Jus-
tice of Peace dismissed case upon presentation of statements from
physicians that defendant had rheumatism.

Legal Actions 1917, Arising Out of Protective Work.

George Whipple, W. Franklin— Setting fire. Grand Jury ignored

bill.

Two Juveniles of Johnstown— Setting fire. Parents paid $16.40
costs after boys were sent to juvenile detention rooms at county

jail.

George Hoffacker, E. Mauch Chunk— Setting fire. Grand Jury

ignored bill.
Wilson Searfoss, Lehighton— Setting fire. Plead guilty. Fined

$25.00' and paid costs of $31.05.

Spurgeon Nothstein, Vernon Schleir, Francis Arner, Lehighton—
Setting fire. Plead guilty before Justice of Peace. Paid costs of
$15.9?, and cost of extinction, $21.97.

Pierce Ginder, Ashfield— Setting fire. Justice of Peace dismissed

the case.

Thr'^ juveniles of Snow Shoe— Setting fire. Judge brought boys

before him and reprimanded them. Costs on County.

I

ii

No. 10.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

37

Juvenile of Elizabethville — Setting fire. Judge i)aroled boy. Costs
on county.

John Holt, Ohiopyle — Setting fire. Paid costs and $21.05 for ex-
tinction to Justice of Peace.

Herman McFern, Waynesboro — Setting fire. Sixty days in jail and
costs.

Two Juveniles, Trucksville — Setting fire. Paroled by Judge.

Lehigh Valley Railroad Co., Wilkes-Barre — ^Setting fire. Judge
dismissed case, "No negligence."

Frank Holden, Lucullus — Setting fire — Plead guilty. Sent to Hunt-
ingdon Reformatory and later to Danville Insane Hospital.

Lewis Venemen, Okome — Refusing to aid a forest fire warden.
Settled before Justice of Peace by paying $22.46 costs to date.

Charles Bailey, Andreas — Hindering a forest fire warden. Grand
Jury ignored bill.

George Sackalosky, Nuremberg — Setting fire. Convicted. Fined
$100.00 which was later reduced to $10.00 anid costs.

Allen Bittner, Glencoe — Refusing to aid forest fire warden. Paid
fine of $5.00 to Justice of Peace, and costs of $5.64.

Jesse Pletcher, Tockwood — Setting fire. Justice of Peace dismissed
case.

Harry Roadman, Stahlstown — Setting fire. Justice of Peace col-
lected cost of extinction of fire.

Kuhns family, Laughlintown — Setting fire. One member arrested
by State Police but nothing proved.

James Lute, New Florence, R. F. D. — Refusing to aid warden.
Justice of Peace dismissed case because warden did not have a wit-
ness to refusal.

There was collected and turned into the State Treasury. $2,185.00,
for fire extinction from parties responsible. .^442.53, was collected
and paid to wardens. The State Treasury received from the Bureau
of Forest Protection, $2,295.55. The total amount saved to the
Commonwealth on account of bills for fire extinction was $2,891.54.

TEMPORARY CAMPING PERMITS.

The following table shows the number of temporary camping per-
mits issued during the years covered by this report, together with
the number of persons granted permits:

Numbpr of
Permits Issued.

Number of Per-
sona to Whom
Permits Were
Issued .

H t

I

p

38

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

During both of the above years, 04 permits were granted to persons
for professional and protective purposes.

Permits No. 52 and 101, in 1917, were issued to the folh)wing
Troops, Boy Scouts of America :

No. 52, Troop 4, Harrisburg, to camp at Pine Grove Furnace.
No. 101, Troop 2, Carlisle, to camp at Pine Grove Furnace.

It will be noted that the number of permits as well as the number
of campers materially decreased during 1917. This is no doubt at-
tributable to our entry into the war and the generally disarranged
economic conditions consequent thereon.

PERMANENT CAMP LEASES.

23. Thomas George, Yukon, Pa

27. Walters. Wilcox, Lewisburg, Pa.,

44. Mandus Nelson, DuBois, Pa., —

52. Samuel C. Boop, Glen Iron, Pa.,

63. J. C. Coder, Huntingdon, Pa

56. F. I. Sassaman, Troxelville, Pa.,

ao. Robert E. DeLlsle, Altooua, Pa., li.

D. No. 1. ... I

72. F. S. Rice, Fayetteville, R. D. No. 1, |

97. Arthur L. Seeley, ReynoldsviUe, Pa.,-|

100. T. Foster Thomas, 1328 Arch St.,

Philadelphia, Pa.

101. John D. Zellner, Siatington, Pa., —
113. Floyd C. Wirth, Millmont, Pa., K.

D. No. 1.
146. Chas. V. OverBeld, Stroudsburg, Pa. |

K. D. ^ !

IGl. O. L. Coleman, 6 Lakeside Ave., Du

Bois, Pa.
105. O. L. Bailey, Sinnemahoning, Pa., _..l

lfl7. Geo. A. Sherman, Waverly, Pa.,

174. A. R. Thompson, McGees Mills, R.

D. No. 2.
190. John A. Boggs, Alexandria, Pa

198. J. A. Stelner, Sunbury, Pa.,*

198. W. E. Stahlnecker, Beaver Springs,

Pa.
20e. A. G.' Brown, Lewisburg, Pa.,

207. E. Lee Kohler, Gaines, Pa.,

217. J. Henry Bartram, Lansdowne, Pa.,—

222. J. C. Beach, Sabinsvllle, Pa.,

225. Albert Miller, 719 Railroad Ave., Sun-
bury, Pa.

247. Grant O. Deeter, 852 Chestnut St.,
St. Marys, Pa.

5.55. R. R. Palmer, 903 5th Ave., Juniata,
Pa.

Mossy Spring, Benezette township, Elk
county.

Old Gap Camp, West Buffalo township.
Union county.

Harriuger Place, Pine township, Clearfield
county.

Mull's Improvement, Spring township, Sny-
(i!^r county.

White Oak Flat, Cass township, Hunting-
don county.

Gold Spring, Adams township, Snyder
county. \

Poe Mills Camp, Haines township, Centre
county.

Poplar Hollow Camp, Green township,
Franklin county.

Loboard Camp, Gibson township, Cam-
eron county.

Mud Pond, Porter township. Pike county,

Peck's Mill, Porter township. Pike county,
Bouey JSIianty, Hartley township. Union

county. '

Peck's Dam, Porter township, Pike c6unty,

Head of White Oak .Draft, Gibson town-
ship, Cameron county.

Divide of Cook's and Montour's Runs,
Grove township, Cameron county.

White Deer Lake, Blooming Grove town-
ship. Pike county.

Big Spring, Gibson township, Cameron
county. 1

Indian Point, Logan township. Hunting- ,
don county. ;

Boney Shanty Camp, Spring township, \
Snyder county. |

Blazer Gap, Adams township, Snyder
county. I

Stony Gap, West Buffalo township, Union |
county.

Hamilton Camp, Chapman township,
Clinton county.

Doudy Mills, Miles township. Centre
county.

Stpinhart Spring, Stewardson township.
Potter county.

Parker Road Camp, Cummings township,
Lycoming county.

Shingle Branch Camp, Chapman township,
Clinton county.

Mouth of Panther Creek, Armagh town-
ship, Mifflin county.

$5 00

5 CO

5 00

5 00

5 00

5 00

6 00

6 GO

6 00

8 00

8 00
500

8 00

5 00

5 00

8 00

6 00

6 00

600

aoo

5 00

6 00

6 00

5 00

5 00

600

800

I

^Withdrawn March 23. 1917.

No. 10.

I>EPA-RTMENT OF FORESTRY.

258. V. H. Mauger, Bangor, Pa.,

259. G. W. Rossman, Penna. Furnace, Pa.,

261. G. A. Crooks, Ceres, New York,

262. C. F. Lius, Lewistown, Pa

263. A. C. Reed, Desire, Pa

264. H. Somers Fischer, Hyndman, Pa., __

265. Nevin Love, Mount Union, R. D.

No. 1.
268. E. W. Lamb, Belfast, Pa.,

267. Larry Houtz, Charter Oak, Pa

268. W. C. Witmer, Bellefonte, Pa.,

269. Joseph Cadman, Fredericktown, Box

43.

270. S. E. Moist, Lewistown, R. D. No. 2,^

270. Frank Sweitzer, 1065 W. 20th St., Ty-

rone, Pa.

271. H. R. Wilson, Rockton, Pa., — -

272. George White, Olyphant, Pa.,

273. Chas. E. Grler, 610 4th St., DuBois,

Pa
275. Miss M. B. Hench, 11 N. Hanover St.,

Carlisle, Pa.
277. I. B. Schoaf, Donora, Pa., -

278. W. K. Bastian, 151 W. 4th St., Wil-

llamsport. Pa.

279. Geo. Winterstein, Scranton, Pa., »

280. Walter Sutch, North Bend, Pa.,

281. W. A. Lantz, Shelocta, Pa.,

282. O. C. Rowan, Punxsutawney, Pa., — _

283. Dleo H. Schenck, Clearfield, Pa.,

284. Bruce Hurliuger, North Bend, Pa.,*

284. F. A. ajosebach, 39 W. Fairvlew St.,
Bethlehem, Pa.

286. James W. Murray, 226 Walnut Ave.,

Altoona, Pa.

288. H. O. Sheasley, Petersburg, Pa.,

287. Dr. John A. Boyd, 25 Wabash Ave.,

Pittsburgh, Pa.

289. H. B. Lightner, Sinnemahoning, Pa.,

290. Walter Scott, 7919 Susquehanna St.,

Pittsburgh, Pa.
891. Lowell P. Thomas, Salladasburg, Pa.,

292. C. O. Strumfels, Bristol, Pa.,

293. A. D. Shoop, 611 Forrest St., Harris-
burg, Pa.

29i. J. H. Winters, 1600 11th Ave., Al-
toona, Pa.

295. H. O. Barger, Woodland, Pa.,

296. W. H. Watson, Carversville, Pa.,

297. Ray J. Jordan, Box 101, Betula, Pa.,

298. Mike Parker, Sterling Run, Pa,,
290. A. G. Frankenberry, Ryde, Pa.,

300. Warren Lee, East Stroudsburg, Pa.,..

301. R. A. Hassinger, Beavertown, Pa., ..

302. W. J. Cobb, 835 Quincy Ave., Scran-

ton, Pa.

303. Albert Bradford, Milroy, Pa., R. D.

No. 4,»

303. Stewardson Twp. School District,

Cross Fork, Pa.

304. B. P. Steele, McVeytown, Pa.,

Porter township. Pike county,

Shall's Gap, Ferguson township. Centre
county.

Jordan Camp, Stewardson township, Pot-
ter county.

Twin Spring, Bratton township, Mifflin
county.

Huckleberry Spring, Pine township, Clear-
field county.

Seaboldt Run Camp, West township, Hun-
tingdon county.

Bell's Furnace, Shirley township, Hunting-
don county.

Mud Pond, Porter township, Pike county,

Houtz Spring, Jackson township, Hunting-
don county.

Bear Meadows Run, Harris township. Cen-
tre county.

Cadman Camp, Harris township. Centre
county.

Sand Spring, Bratton township, Mifflin
county.

Hicks Spring, Logan township, Hunting-
don county.

Tar Kiln Spring, Pine township, Clear-
field county.

Pole Bridge Camp, Lackawaxen township.
Pike county.

Hickory Camp, Benezette township. Elk
county.

Pine Grove, Cooke township, Cumberland
county.

Shawley Spring, Benezette township, Elk
county.

Love Run, Cummings township, Lycom-
ing county.

Peck's Dam, Porter township. Pike county,

Water Plug, Chapman township, Clinton
county.

Ripper Spring, Benezette township, Elk
county.

Rippeer Spring, Benezette township. Elk
county. I

Pearsall Camp, Huston township, Clear-
field county.

Upper Stout Hollow, Chapman township.
Clinton county.

Peck's Pond, Blooming Grove township,
Pike county.

Hickory Bottom, Logan township, Hun-
tingdon county.

Sh<<aHley Camp, Logan township, Hun-
tingdon county.

Road Run Camp, Abbott township. Pot-
ter county.

Watering Trough Spring, Grove township,
Cameron county.

Saw Dust Pile, Grove township, Cameron
county.

Cummings Spring, Cummings township,
Lycoming county.

Wells Spring, Porter township. Pike
county.

Cocoanut Spring, West township, Hun-
tingdon county..

Floyd & Hale Tract, Jackson township,
Huntingdon county.

Stillhouse Hollow, Goshen township, Clear-
field county.

Peck's Mill, Porter township, Pike county.

Bell Spring, Gibson township, Cameron
county.

Parker Camp, Benezette township. Elk
county.

Wilson Spring, Shirley township, Hunting-
don county.

Big Swamp, Porter township. Pike county,

Boney's Hole, West Beaver township, Sny-
der county.

Cobb's Camp, Dingman township. Pike
county.

Cold Spring, Armagh township, Mifflin
county.

Clark Camp, Stewardson township. Pot-
ter county.
Black Gap, Armagh township, Mifflin
county. '

^Vacated June 28, 1916.
^Revoked September 7, 1917.
^Revoked December 7, 1917.

39

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40

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

305. W. R. Bachmaa, Yeagertown, Pa.,

306. J. LeRoy Kane, Blglerville, Pa., _— .

307. Charles Johns, Galeton, Pa., R. D.

No. 1.

308. J. B. Gleason, Gleasonton, Pa.,

309. B. J. Collins, Driftwood, Pa., ._

310. Orvis M. Petzer, Snow Shoe, Pa.

811. Clair Weyer, Spruce Creek, Pa.,

312. J. E. Berninger, Catawissa, Pa., R.

D. No. 5. 1

313. B. F. Frances, Jersey Shore, Pa., 1

I

314. John F. Watts, Salladasburg, Pa., — |
316. O. B. Bruner, Lock Haven, Pa.,

316. Alfred Grafflus, Box 1, Woodland,

Pa.

317. John A. Fye, Moshannon, Pa.,

318. Clyde D. McAlevy, Barree, Pa., »

319. Miss M. M. Fox, Radnor, Pa.,

820. Harry O. Shutt, 139 S. Chestnut St.,

Mt. Oarmel, Pa.i
820. G. F. Derrick, Clearfield, Pa.,

321. Robert B. Vale, care North American,

Philadelphia, Pa.
822. O. B. Peters, 697 W. Franklin St.,

Slatington, Pa.

323. Grant Gresser, Chatham Run, Pa.,

324. Laubenstein, W. J., 102 Foster Ave.,

State College, Pa.

325. O. L. Stevens, Pioneer House, State

College, Pa.

326. Preston £. Howe, Lewistown, Pa., _.

827. W. F. Lucas, Huntingdon, Pa., .

328. Dr. Leon R. Felt, Emporium, Pa., —

329. Fred Lanterman, Kaylor, Pa., Box 2,
3o0. Ross McClenaban, Reedsville, Pa.,

331. R. Pike, Woodland, Pa.,

332. Geo. S. Teeter, Hawley, Pa., ._

333. J. C. Smith, Bangor, Pa.,

334. G. C. Reeder, Renovo, Pa.,

335. F. B. Yocum, Mapleton Depot. Pa.,'.

335. Wm. O. Yeatts, BendersviUe, Pa

336. F. E. Barry, York, Pa.,

337. 8. 8. Farver, EUzabetbtown, Pa.," _.
387. A. M. Bennett, Ebensburg, Pa.,

338. W. H. Kepner, Newport, Pa.,

339. J. R. Ardary, Ourwensville, Pa.,

840. Argie 8. Hilty. Apollo, Pa., Box 883,

341. Warren E. Dcsh, South Bethlehem, Pa.

342. Jacob F. Staley, South Mountain,

Pa.

343. John Raymer, 336 Onk St., Jersey

Shore, Pa.
844. H. G. Oroushore, Carnegie, Pa.,

846. Leslie E. Baker. Milton, Pa.,

Buckwheat Shanty, Armagh township, I 9 00

MifBin county.
Milten burger Camp, Franklin township, 9 00

Adams county. '

Clark's Shanty, Brown township, Lycom- 6 00

ing county.
Mouth of Lorilly Forks Creek, Chapman 5 00

township, Clinton county.
White Oak Draft, Gibson township. Cam- 5 00

eron county.
Panther Branch, Beech Creek township, 6 00

Clinton county.
Minemyer Gap, Spruce Greek township, 6 00

Huntingdon county.
Junction Camp, Penn township. Centre 5 00

county.
Boyer Spring, McHenry township, Lycom- j 6 00

ing county. i

Baldwin Camp, Cummings township, Ly- j 6 00

coming county.
Head of Smith Run, Noyes tswnship, I 5 00

Clinton county.
Lucas Spring, Girard township, Clearfield 5 CO

county.
Head of Wolfe Run, Burnside township, 5 00

Centre county. I

Mill Camp, Logan township, Huntingdon | 6 00

county. ;

Rattle Snake Island, Porter township, Pikei 8 00

county. {

Bull Run Camp, Chapman township, din- 6 00

ton county.
Bailey Camp, Pine township, Clearfield i 6 00

county. !

Fuller Site, Pine Grove forest, Cooke town- 12 00

ship, Cumberland county.
Little Mud Pond, Porter township. Pike \ 8 00

county.
Mouth of Robbins Run. Gallagher town- 6 00

ship, Clinton county.
Whippel Dam, Jackson township, Hun- 6 00

tingdon county.
Owl Gap, Jackson township, Huntingdon 6 00

county.
Spectacle Gap, Mllford township, Juniata 6 00

county.
Old Frew Homestead, Miller township, 6 00

Huntingdon county.
South line of warrant 4629, Portage town- 6 00

ship, Cameron county.
Williams Camp, Pine township, Clearfield 6 00

county.
Reeds Gap, Armagh township, MiflBUn ' 6 00

county.
Ames Camp, Girard township, Clearfield 6 00

county.
Tar Kiln Creek, Blooming Grove township, i 8 00

Pike county.
Peck's Dam, Porter township, Pike county,! 8 00
Forester's Spring, Chapman township, I 6 00

Clinton county. |

White Oak Flat, Cass township. Hunting- | 5 00

don county. i

Hinkle Place, Cooke township. Cumber- 8 00

land county.
Wenk House, Cooke township. Cumber- 15 00

land county. '

Rupp Place. Cooke township, Cumberland 20 00

county.
Head Upper Jerry Run, Grove township, 6 CO

Cameron county.
0!d Water Mill, Armagh township, Mifflin 9 00

county. ,

Stone Run Camp, Pine township. Clear- 9 00

field county.
Barabers Old Camp, Gibsoh township, '• 5 00

Cameron county. '

Peck's Mill, Porter township. Pike county, 8 00

Rocky Mountain Camp, Quincy township, 7 00

Franklin county.
County Line Camp, Chapman township, 6 00

Clinton county.
Pine Spring, Armagh township, Mifflin 9 00

county. I

Yankee Run Camp, Miles township, Centre ' 6 00

county.

'Withdrawn September 28, 1817.
•Revoked January 4, 1918.
■Withdrawn February 14, 1W7.

No. 10. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

346. P. B. Elsenraan, Brookvllle, Pa., —

847. Toboyne Twp. School Dist., New Qer-

mantown. Pa.
348. W. V. McLean, RImersburg, Pa.,

349. Charles Waldron, Muncy, Pa.,

360. H. P. Custard, East Stroudsburg,

Pa.

361. Samuel Noble, Fannettsburg, Pa.,

352. P. F. DlefTenderfer, Miffllnburg, Pa.,

353. J. B. Hartman, Boyertown, Pa.,

354. L. E. Scherer, Jersey Shore, Pa.,

356. W. B. Paxgo, Clearfield Pa.,*

365. J. I. Reed, Pine Grove Mills, Pa.,

359. H. S. Pish, Sayre, Pa

867. James W. Blttner, Lock Haven, Pa.,,.

358. John Fuller, Milford, Pa.,

859. Penna. R. R. Co., Wllllamsport, Pa.,

360. J. Elder Bryan, New Castle, Pa., ^ —
891. D. R. Schall, Orwlgsburg, Pa

392. R. O. Dunkle, Dry Run, Pa

393. A. E. Welker, Woodland, Pa.,

394. Parry D. Wilson, Wllklnsburg, Pa., _.
396. Maynard Meeker, Centre Hall, Pa., ..
899. James Nichols, Avis, Pa.,

897. Ira D. Slagle, State College, Pa.,

898. E. E. Kopenhaver, MlUersburg, Pa.,

899. Frank GalT, Mount Union, Pa.,

870. O. H. Wentzel, Blain, Pa.,

871. George H. High, Orvlston, Pa.,

872. George H. Houck, Phlllpsburg, Pa.,..

873. B. B. Gearhart, West Decatur, Pa.,..

S74. D. R. Cadwallader, 29 S. 13th St.,

Harrisburg, Pa.
876. W. F. Delaney, Throop, Pa.,*

876. F. J. Credlford, Watervllle, Pa.,

879. A. L. Jones, Matamoras, Pa., —

877. G. Q. Wakenhut, 249 William St., Wil-

llarnsport. Pa.
378. Martin M. Hibbs, Morrisvllle, Pa.,

Head of McNeamey Run, Givard to^vn- |
ship, Clearfield county.. . • i

Huston Run, Toboyne township. Perry |
county. ; , , r

Pine Camp, Gibson-; township, Cameron
county. ^ J ' J o , !

Manor Fork,' Brown 'townslilp, Lyecmlng I
county. I

East Spring Run, Pcrter township, PIks '
county. ;

Cowan's Gap, Todd township. FulLon
couiity. I

Long Place, Miles township. Centre !
county.

Stover Gap Spring, Miles township, Cen-
tre county. j

Griffith Camp, McHenry township, Ly- '
coming county.

Three Oaks, Pine township, Clearfield |
county. I

Reed Camp, Barree township, Huntingdon
county.

Boyer Mill, Brown township, Lycoming j
county. i

Tin Shanty, Grugan township, Clinton ;
county.

Little Mud Pond, Porter township. Pike
county.

Site near Whetham, Grugan township,
Clinton county.

Pray Spring, Beech Creek township, i
Clinton county.

Cottage Camp, Curtin township. Centre ,
county. i

Cowans Gap, Tod township, Fulton
county. !

Mouth of Deserter Run, Girard township, j
Clearfield county.

Bailey Old Camp, Gibson township, Cam-
eron county. !

Pole Bridge, Potter township. Centre
county.

Lynch Gap, Cummings township, Lycom-
ing county.

Mouth Owl Gap Run, Jackson township,
Huntingdon county.

Cherry Run Gap, Haines township. Centre
county.

Pine Grove Camp, Shirley township, Hun
tingdon county.

Sheriff Camp, Jackson township. Perry
county.

Italian Shanty, Beech Creeek township,
Clinton county.

M. B. Fording Camp, Beech Creek town-
ship, Clinton county.

Berkey Camp, Pine township, Clearfield
county.

Sand Knob, Jackson township, Hunting-
don county.

Peck's Mill, Porter township. Pike county.

Mouth of Dam Run, Cummings township,
Lycoming county.

Steam Mill Brook, Lackawaxen township.
Pike county.

Wendall Shanty, Brown township, Lycom-
ing county.

Turner Swamp, Porter township, Pike

county

879. H. E. Chamberlin, Altoona, Pa., \ Apple Tree Spring, West township, Hun

tingdon county.

380. G. E. Steinmark, Lyndora, Pa.,

381. 8. A. Beehler, Greentown, Pa

382. L. Wilbur Houser, Milroy, Pa.,»

888. Dr. W. 8. Hunter, Reedsville, Pa., ...

884. S. L. Ross, 312 Reed Ave., Monessen,
Pa.

886. Herman W. Bartschat, 334 E. Broad

St., Nanticoke, Pa,
389. F. M. Stahlman, 146 Western Ave.,
Brookvllle, Pa.

887. P. E. Leek, Brockport, Pa.,

Big Chestnut Camp, Girard township,
CIrarflold county.

Beehler Camp, Green township. Pike
county.

Muthersbaugh Camp, Armagh township,
Mifflin county.

Bide-a-wee Camp, Armagh township, Mifflin
county.

Crawford Camp, Gallagher township,
Clinton county.

Bull Hollow Camp, Spring township, Sny-
der county.

Crossroads Camp, Girard township, Clear-
field county.

Twin Pines, Benezette township. Elk
county.

1 Withdrawn March 14. 1918.
•Revoked Seeptember 7, 1917.
■Withdrawn January 12, 1918.

41

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42

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

<388..ParkR. .M|;)iVd$, "State College, Pa.,.. | Bear Gap Camp, Jackson township, Hun-
'c * f .**f ',•••♦ ■ ' ' tingdion county.

^9. ly. M: Lynch, ICla^ks Summit, Pa.,.., Peck's Pond, Blooming Grove township,

! Pike county.

390. G.,T., Koller, Renovo,, Pa.,1 - ! Stone Corner, Beech Creek township,

'</,';• ,» /. ' i . c tt Clinton county.

' ' ^. J. <?lyde Gbninis, 'Driftwood, Pp., Head Lick Island Run, Gibson township,

I ('\ , \' t » ' - *rs , Cameron county.

391. R. J. McAllster, Jersey Shore, Pa., _-i Dark Hollow, Grugan township, Clinton
-*, ,. o- . » . . ., "o • county.

m. 'J.'Ev>:ak'';r, Muncy, Pa — Long Run Camp, Mclntyre township, Ly-

».'..• • ' • . r o -' coming county.

'393. Clarehee Reedy, White Deer, Pa., ; Italian Camp, White Deer township. Union

I county.

SM. D. J. Brannlng, Hawley, Pa., j Tar Kiln Brook, Blooming Grove town-
ship, Pike county.

395. E. M. Walters, 452 Reynolds St., Wil-
liamsport. Pa.

sm. R. C. Bobb, 503 N. West St., Car-
lisle, Pa.

397. Levi Conner, Glen Campbell, Pa., —

398. J. R. Penington, Lewistown, Pa., ___

399. J. R. Sechrlst, Burnham, Pa.,

401. J. H. Mayer, 109 Middle St., Waynes-

boro, Pa.

402. M. M. Harshberger, Mattawana, Pa.,

Apker Spring, Lewis township, Lycoming
county.

Bunker Hill Farm, Cooke township, Cum-
berland county.

Gum Spring, West Keating township,
Clinton county.

Camp Penington, Armagh township, Mifflin
county.

Camp Sechrlst, Armagh township, Mifflin
county.

McDowell Run Camp, Hamiltonban town-
ship, Adams county.

Camp Soyoc Bratton township, Mifflin
county.

5 00
8 00
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No. 10.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

^Withdrawn December 8, 1917.

Lease awarded before December 31, 1917, but not drawn for exe-
cution on that date:

Edmund C. WIngerd, Chambersburg, Pa., [ Public Comfort, Quincy township, Frank- $6 00

i lin county.

Permanent camp leases are awarded under the Act of March 27,

1013, P. L. 12.

Camp sites granted to December 31, 1917, . . 531

Cancelled, 41

Withdrawn, 38

Not yet executed, 1

Camp leases now in force, 400

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Character of Land.

Unimproved vacant,

Unimproved vacant, —

Unimproved vacant, —

Unimproved vacant, — -

Unimproved vacant,

Vacant island, _ —

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Unimproved vacant,

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43

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44

REPORT OF THE

DEPARTMENT LEASES AND CONTRACTS.

Off. Doc.

Federal Refractories Co. (No. 15)

During the years 1916 and 1917 the following revenues were re-
ceived for the removal of ganister rock. Lease is dated December
18, 1903, and runs for 20 years:

1916.

January, 196.36

February, 107.78

March, 74.84

April, 86.72

May, 76.11

June, 58.18

July, 76.16

August, 91.73

September, 91 .77

October, 83.37

November, 62.13

December, 53 .45

Total for the year, $958.60

1917.

January, $65 .85

February, 73.40

March, 88.44

April, 90.14

May, 79.83

June, 107.72

July, 116.88

August 132.99

September, 113.73

October 94 46

November 105.53

December 83.69

Total for the year $1,152.66

Total for two vears 2,111 .26

The value to the Commonwealth of this lease is shown as of Decem-
ber 31. 1917. by the following statement of account:

No. 10. D12PARTMENT OF FORESTRY. 45

To purchase price of land, 1087 acres, 69 perches, at

12.75 per acre, $2,990.44

Interest to above date, : 952.60

Fixed charges for road and school purposes to above date, 614.92

Total, $4,557.96

Royalties received previously reported, $10,091.36

Royalties received during the years 1916-17, . . . 2,111.26

Total receipts to December 31, 1917, 12,202.62

Total expenditures and charges to Dec. 31, 1917, 4,557.96

Excess of receipts over expenditures, $7,644.66

The above statement shows that the Commonwealth has received
from this lease an excess of $7,644.66 over all its expenditures, which
is equivalent to a return of 267.22 per cent, on the investment to De-
cember 31, 1917.

Federal Refractories Co. Lease No. 2. (No. 61)

This lease is dated December 22, 1909 and covers 542 acres in
Logan and West townships, Huntingdon county. By the terms of the
lease the removal of rock was to begin within 18 months of the
date of the lease. For various reasons removals were delaved and
the Department extended the period from time to time to December
14, 1916. Up to this time this lease had yielded no returns. On
the 12th of December, 1916, a supplemental agreement was entered
into whereby the lessee, in order to continue its lease, agrees to pay
in quarterly installments a royalty of 5%c a ton on a minimum quan-
tity of 7500 tons, whether the same shall have been actually removed
or not; but when actual removal begins the minimum quantity on
which royalty shall be paid is doubled.

During the period of this report the lessee, in accordance with the
foregoing, has paid the following amounts:

March 15, 1917, $103.12

June 15, 1917, 103.12

September 15, 1917, 103.13

December 15, 1917, 103.13

Total, $412.50

I

46 REPORT OF THE Off. Doo.

SHIPPENSBURG BOROUGH WATER LEASE. (No. 246).

Under the foregoing lease, dated January 13, 1915, a supply of
water from the State land for borougli purposes is obtained. The
borough of Shippensburg has paid tlie following royalties:
Amount due the Department of Forestry:

One-fourth of one per cent, for 1916, $28.75

One-fourth of one per cent, for 1917, 29.61

Total, J58.36

MONT ALTO BOROUGH WATER LEASE. (No. 161).

An agreement dated June 18, 1914, with this borough permits it to
idraw water from a spring known as "The Pearl of the Park," in
the State Forest, for use for borough purposes. The pipe line is
now complete and water is being used, but to date the borough has
not made any payment of royalties to the Department. These when
paid will be reported later.

SOUTH RENOVO WATER LEASE. (No. 33).

Under lease dated August 28, 1906, the borough of South Renovo
for the year 1916, in accordance witli the terms of the contrnct, paid
%\^.\\\, and for the year 1917 it paid |17.30.

Total for the period, $33 .43

CHAMBERSBURG WATER LEASE. (No. 76).

Royalties from this lease, wliich is dated November 7, 1910, nre
at the rate of one-half of one per cent of the gross receipts.

For the year 1916 this charge amounted to $143.20

P'or the year 1917 this charge amounted to 151 .27

Total receipts received from tlie above lease, $294.47

THE THOMAS CRONIN COMPANY. (No. 98).

This lease, dateki March 25, 1912, was to run 15 years and to carry
a royalty of 16c per ton for blue stone from a quarry on the Stuart
State Forest near Ligonier, Westmoreland county. At the request of
the Thomas Cronin Co., and by action of the Forestry Commission,
on June 2, 1916, the contract was cancelled, and, in full settlement
thereof, the Cronin Company, on October 6, 1916, paid in cash,
$705.76.

No. 10. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. 47

Revenues for 1916.

January, 31.25 tons at 16c per ton, $5.00

February and March, nothing.

April, 781.384 tons at l(>c per ton, 125.02

May and June to and including the 12th, 137.14 tons at

16c per ton, 21 .94

Total, ?151.96

Jn full settlement and cancellation of the lease, 705.76

Total revenues for the year 1916, $857.72

Total revenues to date from this lease, $2,440.36

The Stuart Forest located in Westmoreland and Somerset
counties, containing an area of 8532 acres, cost the com-
monwealth for purchase money, $42,662.81

Interest thereon at 2 per cent from purchase to December
31, 1917, 7,679.30

Salaries of foresters and rangers to December 31, 1917,
including amount expended for labor, development and
maintenance, 21,994.76

Fixed charges for road and school purposes, 3,000.88

Total cost of the Stuart Forest to December 31,

1917, $75,337.75

The foregoing lease, therefore, to date of cancellation, produced
A net return of 3.23 per cent, on the total investment.

THE COLUMBIA FLINT COMPANY. (No. 254).

This lease, dated September 17, 1915, for the removal of flint rock
from the Pine Grove State Forest in Cooke township, Cumberland
county, and Menallen township, Adams county, carries a royalty of
121/2C per ton. Revenues received are as follows:

1916.

January, $31 . 16

February, 13 . 51

March, 14.38

April. 11.29

May, 23.51

June, 42 . 81

July 34.42

August, 43 . 82

(

48

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

i*

September,
October, . .
November,
December, .

30.12
18.68
14.61
10.45

Total, $288.76

1917.

January,

February and March,

April,

May,

June,

July to December, . . .

$1.25

10.08
2.44
4.50

Total, $18.27

Total for two years, $307.03

Revenues previously reported, $78 . 06

Total revenues to date, $385.09

THE SANDUSKY PORTLAND CEMENT CO. (No. 101).

This company pays a royalty of 25c per ton of 2,000 pounds rail-
road weight, or a fixeld minimum royalty of $600.00 per year. The
lease was in existence when the Department purchased the Pine
Grove Forest, and by extension granted by the Department, now
runs to June 1, 1922, or so long in the interim as a suitable supply
of clay may be obtained.

<

Revenues for 1916.

January, .
February, .

March,

April,

May,

June, . . . . ,

July,

August, . . ,

September,

October, . .

November,

December, .

$88.89

73.10

23.34

137.49

263.81

99.05

181.77

158.83

166.51

176.90

188.00

53.07

t

Total, $1,610.76

No. 10. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. 40

Revenues for 1917.

January, $131.39

February, 120.04

March, 125.55

April, 184.01

May, 147.05

June, 141.77

July, 137.24

August, 140.69

September, 105 .34

October, 191.51

November, 49 . 68

December, 72 22

Total, $1,546.49

Total for two years, $3,157.25

Total revenues previously reported, $2,803.98

Total revenues to date, $5,961 . 23

THE UNITED ICE AND COAL COMPANY. (No. 148).

The ice house at Laurel Dam in the Pine Grove Forest having
been destroyed by fire and not yet rebuilt, this company under its
lease is paying the minimum rental of $250.00 per year reserved and
will continue to do so until the building is restored or the lease ex-
pires. Receipts during the period of this report are as follows:

1916, $250.00

1917, 250.00

Total, $500.00

Total receipts to date, $1,418.76

E. L. LOVE FLAGSTONE LEASE. (No. 167).

This lease dated December 14, 1914, is foi* the removal of flagstone
from State land in Cummings township, Lycoming county, for a
I)eriod of ten j^ears. Royalty is based upon lineal foot or square
foot of stone removed, according to kind. To date revenues received
are as follows:

April 13, 1917, $31 .50

SPRUCE CREEK BALLAST LEASE. (No. 263).

On October 11, 1915, this lease was awarded to A. A. Stevens, of
Tyrone, Blair county, and carried the right to remove certain rock
suitable for stone ballast, on a tract of State land at Spruce Creek.

4

50

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doe.

No. 10.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

51

i

Mr. Stevens never began operations nnder the lease, and in accordance
with the power vested in the Department, reserved by the lease, the
State Forestr}^ Keservation ('onmiission at a meeting hehl on May 4,
1917, declared the lease lapsed, and resumed full possession and
control of the leased tract. Mr. Stevens having died in the meantime
(January, 1017), notice to this etfect was served upon representa-
tives of his estate. This contract is tlierefore terminated.

NEW YORK 0P:NTRAL RAILROAD COMPANY. (No. 283).

Under the mineral leasing provision of the 1 department act a lease
was made to tlie New York Central Railroad Company bearing date
March 2, 1917, by which that company is granted the right to remove
stone for ballast i)uri)oses from warrants 4,:)80 and 4,381 in Morris
township, Tioga county, a portion of the Blackwells State Forest.
Slone to the quantity of 20,000 cubic yards may be taken, extend-
ing over a period of five years from tlie date of tlie lease. The grantee
covenants to })ay 5c per cubic yar<l for all stone removed. The exer-
cise of the privilege conferi ed by the lease is subject to the usual i e
strictions regarding fire, destruction of timber, and careful operation,
with a right of defeasance in the grantor. Revenue from this lease
to date shows a return of f 13.95.

THE BESSEMER LOAM-SAND CO. (No. 295).

A lease dated November 30, 1917, was made with this corporation
under the provisions of the Department of Forestry act, permitting
the lessee to remove ganister rock from a portion of the John Bollan-
der, Thomas Bar, James Bar, Mar}^ Bar, and Maiy Links warrants
in Armagh township, Mittlin county, and Haines township. Centre
county. This lease is to run for a period of 15 years and yields a
revenue of 11 %c per ton for each long ton of rock removed railroad
weight being taken. The lease carries the usual stii)ulations for pro-
tection of the State forest. It also lequires that a minimum quantity
of 25,000 tons shall be removed or paid for in each year. The usual
clause of forfeiture accompanies it; also a bond with surety in the
sum of f 2,500. Revenues from this lease to date amount to $104.41.

E. F. MILLARD. (No. 297).

A lease bearing date November 8, 1917, was awarded to lil. F. Mil-
lard, of Martinsburg, AV. Va., under the Dei)artment of Forestry act,
for the purpose of removing sand fiom the Caledonia State Forest.
The term of the lease is 15 years from date and reserves a royalty
of 5c per ton for each short ton of sand removed. Bond in the sum
of .1f2,000 accompanies the lease guaianteeing its ])i'oper performance.
A minimum quantity of 10,000 tons shall be removed or paid for each

I

year. The usual clause of forfeiture accompanies the lease and the
usual precautions are to be taken against wilful waste, damage, fire,
or negligent operation.

LEASES FOR THE OCCUPANCY OF BUILDINGS.

During the period covered by this report the following leases were
e.xecuted for the occupancy of buildings:

No. 267, January 1, 191G. Lease at will to Clay W. Bigelow for
the occupancy of a dwelling house in Treaster Valley, Armagh town-
ship, Mifflin county. Mr. Bigelow was an employee of the Depart-
ment of Forestry.

No. 2G8, May 15, 1916, to Robert I. Brown, an employee of the De-
partment of Forestr}^, for the Weiser house at Pine Grove Furnace,
Cumberland county.

No. 271, June 15, 1916, to Guy R. Beaston, for the occupancy of a
dwelling known as the Cole house, in the McClure State Forest,
Perry county. Rental reserved by this lease is |1.50 per month.

No. 275, October 5, 1910, to Frank O'Donel, for the occupancy of
the dwelling known as the Cole house, in the McClure State Forest.
Rent reserved, |1.50 per month.

No. 276, September 26, 1916, to Guy R. Beaston, for the occupancy
of the dwelling known as the Hockenberry house, in the McClure
State Forest. Rental reserved, |1.50 per month.

No. 282, Novend)er 17, 1916, to Robert Reitz, an em])loyee of the
Department of Forestry, for the occujiancy of a proiJerty known as
the Whii)ple farm, near Charter Oak, in the Bear Meadows Forest.

No. 288, August 24, 1917, to James ^^^ Eckels, Esq., for the oc-
cupancy of a portion of what is known as the Mansion House at Pine
(xrove Furnace, Cumberland county. Rental reserved, |2.00 per
month.

TIMBER SALES.

No. 264, contract dated March 4, 1916, with Joel A. Culver, trading
as Joel A. Culver & Co., contractors and builders of Wellsboro, Pa.,
covering the sale of railroad ties, switch ties, sawed lumber, an<l
fence posts from an area of the Chatham State Forest known as Oak
Ridge, in Delmar township, Tioga county. The operation was to
be under the direct supervision of the forester in charge.

No. 265, contract dated February 19, 1916, with John E. Davis and
Elmer E. Davis for removal of certain timber from a ])ortion of the
Chatham Forest known as Si)Oor Hollow, in Chatham township,
Tioga county. The area from which timber is to be removed is about
40 acres and the contractors agree to pay $4.05 per thousand feet
board measure for all merchantable species. The usual precautions
are required against fire and wasteful operation.

UEPORT OF THE

Oft. Doe.

No. 266, contract dated April 20, 1916, with Edwin O. Meadow for
the removal of chestnut timber suitable for telephone and telegraph
poles in the Pennypacker Forest, Perry and Cumberland counties.
The stumpage prices range from 2c per foot for 25-foot poles to 5c per
foot for 70-foot poles. The contract requires that tops of all trees
shall be lopped apart, the usual precautions taken against fire and
wasteful operation, and is secured by a surety bond in the sum of
$1,000. The revenue to date under this contract amounts to $283.58.

No. 270, contract and supplemental agreement dated respectively
May 29, 1916, and March 24, 1917, with C. K. Sober, for the purchase
of certain timber within the Wh(4ham State Forest on tracts in the
warantee names of John Taggart, Joseph Priestly, Daniel Graffius,
William Wilson, Charles Pleasants, Mark Schlonaker, and Robert
Ritchey. Prop timber shall be paid for at the rate of $1.00 per ton ;
pulp wood, 160 cubic feet, 75c per cord ; acid wood, 128 cubic feet, 25c
per cord; railroad ties, depending upon species and quality, range
in price from 10c to 18c; trolley ties from 4c to 7c; mine ties, 2c
to 3c; telephone poles, 2c per lineal foot for 20-foot poles, to 4c per
lineal foot for 60-foot poles ; bark, $2.00 per ton ; saw timber, $6.00 per
thousand feet board measure. This contract is secured by a surety
bond in the sum of $500.00 and requires the usual precautions against
fire and wasteful operation. Tops of trees must be lopped. Contract
extends for a })eriod of five years. Revenue to date under this con-
tract amounts to $1,342.00.

No. 273, contract dated August 15, 1916, with George Campbell for
the removal of a quantity of black birch from warrants 1,585 and
1,588, Morris and Duncan townships, Tioga county. The purpose
of the cutting of this birch is to produce birch oil distillate, and
the price to be pai<l therefor is 50c per still of 200 cubic feet. Rev-
enues to date under this contract amount to $13.50.

No. 274, contract dated October 14, 1916, with Fred E. Hamilton
for the purchase of black L«irch on warrant 4,693, Hull Forest, for the
purpose of making birch oil distillate. The price to be paid is 50c
per still of 216 cubic feet.

No. 277, contract dated October 16, 1916, with O. L. Railey, for the
removal of dead, d^'ing, and undesirable timber on w^arrant 5,708,
Cameron county at $3.50 per thousand feet. The contract is to sub-
sist for six months and the usual precautions are required against
fire and w\asteful operations. Roads are to be kept in repair and
branches and tops carefully lopped. Revenue to date from this con-
tract amounts to $411.28.

No. 280, contract dated November 27, 1916, Clyde Chapman, for
removal of black birch from a portion of the Loyalsock State Forest,
for the purpose of making birch distillate. The price to be paid there-
for is 50c per cord of 128 cubic feet. The usual J)recautions against
fire and wasteful operations are required. Revenues to date amount
to $56.80.

No. 10.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

63

No. 281, contract dated January 6, 1917, with William Henry for
the sale of black birch from a portion of the Loyalsock State Forest,
for the purpose of making birch distillate. The price to be paid is
50c per cord of 128 cubic feet. The usual precautions are required
against fire and wasteful operation.

No. 284, contract dated April 10, 1917, with F. B. Woodward,
Inc., for the sale of black birch from warrant 2,102, Hull Forest,
for the purpose of making birch distillate. The price to be paid is
50c per cord of 128 cubic feet. The usual precautions are required
regarding fire and wasteful operation.

RIGHTS OF WAY.

No. 269, contract dated May 5, 1916, with Thaddeus S. Vincent and
Henry Vincent, trading as the Vincent Lumber Co., for a right of
way 20 feet wide for a distance of 3,200 feet through the Rothrock
State Forest, at an annual rental of $23.00 for a period of five years.
Total revenue received to date is $46.00

No. 287, contract dated Aiiril 6, 1917, with the Penn Central Light
and Power Co. for a right of way 60 feet wide for a distance of 454
rods over a portion of the Greenwood State Forest in Huntingdon
and Mifflin counties, for the purpose of erecting a power transmission
line. Tlie contract is to subsist for a period of 20 years and yields
an annual revenue of 5c per rod for the length of the right of way.

No. 289, contract dated October 15, 1917, wherein James T. Cum-
mings, K. E. Peachey, A. B. McNitt and Mable T. Barr, of Union,
Brown, and Armagh townships, Mifflin county, grant to the Common-
wealth the privilege of tapping a water supply main pipe for the pur-
pose of carrying running water into the dwelling of the forest ranger
at Barrville. For this privilege the Department pays an annual
rental of $6.00.

No. 290, October 6, 1917, with William Caprio and Anthony Grieco,
trading as Caprio & Grieco, for a right of way 60 feet wide for a
period of twenty years, for the purjiose of constructing a standard
gauge railway through the Brumbaugh Forest in Tod and Penn town-
ships, Huntingdon county. This right of way lies over the roadbed
of the old Juniata and Southern Railroad Co., which was abandoned,
the lease covering the ])rior right of way thereby becoming void. The
annual rental to be paid is $10.00 for a period of ten years, with the
right of renewal. The grantees are required to take extra precautions
regarding forest fires, and to protect the forests, through which the
railroad is intended to run, from other damage.

64

REPORT OF THE

Of¥. Doc.

No. 291, contract dated June 19, 1917, with R. S. Meiser and W. A.
Meiser, trading as R. S. Meiser & Bro., for a right of way over cer-
tain roads in the Pennypacker State Forest for the removal of timber
belonging to the contractors. The consideration for the grant is
nominal, accompanied by a surety bond of |1,000, covenanting to keep
the roads in a good travelable condition and to maintain and leave
them in this condition after I he hanling is finished.

TELE PHONE (X)NTRACTS.

No. 272, contract dated Angnst 1, 1910, whereby the Department of
Forestry becomes a subscriber to the Huntingdon and Clearfield Tele-
phone Co. for the use of the employees of the Clearfield Forest, and
for the y)urpose of connecting the Department's present line of tele-
phone with that of the grantor comf>any. The rent is |5.00 per year
for each telephone with extra charges for bracket and cross arm at-
tachments and regular toll^ charges.

No. 278, contract dated October 28, 1916, with the Perry county.
Pa., Telei)hone and Telegraph Co., for the installation of a telei)hone
in the dwelling house of Foi'est Ranger Leroy Koontz at an annual
rental of .f;l2.00.

No. 286, contract dated April 10, 1917, with Andrew Frazier, grant-
ing the privilege for a tele]>lioue connection between the Ole l^ull
State Forest line and the dwelling house of Mr. Frazier. Tu return
for Ihis license the grantee agrees to act as a fire wnrden in his home
region and permit the use of his teleplione free of clinrge for all local
calls, toll charges to be paid.

No. 292, contract dated October 1, 1917, by which the Boalsburg
Electric Light Co. grants to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, for
an annual rental charge of 1^4.50, a license right to attach and main-
lain two telephone wires witli brackets and insulators upon forty-
five poles of the TJght C^onipanv so as to connect the residence of
Fiaidx McFarlane to the local systrMii. The agreement is terminable
uj)on 80 days' notice by either party.

No. 10.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

55

STATE BOARD OF CAME COMMISSIONERS, FOR THE
CLEARFIELD PRESERVE. (No. 262).

Under an Act of Assembly ai)proved April 16, 1915, P. L. 185, it
is provided that State game preserves may be located within State
Forests if the consent of the Department of Forestry be obtained
therefor.

By agreement dated January 6, 1916, between the De])artment
of Forestry and the State Board of Game Commissioners, it is agreed
that the Game Commissioners may establish a game preserve within
the State Forest in Clearfield county. The api)roval of the Depart-
ment of Forestry is therein specifically given.

It is proposed that similar agreements shall be entered into cover-
ing all the other game [)reserves which, with the consent of the De-
partment of Forestry, have been located within State Forests.

SURVEYS.

The early part of January, 1916, was taken u\> with the drafting
and calculation of the aiea for the surveys made of the Doubling
Gap purchase in 1915, in Perry and Cumberland counties. The Chief
Surveyor was assisted by Foresteis Must in, ^lorgan, and P»aer.

At the same time [)lans were being drawn for the rebuilding of llie
Trough Creek (Brumbaugh) forest house and barn. This work was
taken up in April 1916, an<l was completed in September.

August 1, the house for the ranger near Sinnemahoning, Cameron
county, was laid out, and the work started. This work was pushed
forward rapidly and was about comjdeled at the year end.

The surveys for the new commission known as the Home for Feeble
IVlinded Women, at Laurelton, T^nion county, were made the latter
I>art of Sei)tend)er, and the drafts drawn by Forester Mustin.

December 1st the examination of the Drinker lands in Clearfield
County was begun.

On December 11th, with Foresteis Mustin, Neefe, and Harbeson,
the survey of the lands offered by O. M. Campbell and ^Irs. Jerald,
was begun. Cold weather and dee]) snow.

During this year Foresters Mustin, Edgar H. Smith, Baer, Mor-
gan, and Muller weie ke[»t working on the new Foresters' ^ra})s a«

56

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

rapidly as possible, the renewal of worn out maps, and changing of
the old maps, with indexing and filing. This work took up all their

time.

The drafting, tracing, and calculations for the Haldeman Forest,
in Dauphin county, occupied nearly all the time of the office force
during January, 1017, and was in charge of Forester Mustin.

Forester Ira L. Shenefelt was added to the office force February
20th, and began his work of tracing the survey of Pike county made
by Frank Schorr.

Forester Smith began the new map E-7 on March 1st, while Fores-
ter Shenefelt began the tracing of all the new maps showing the
new game, refuges.

The maps, drafts, and surveys for the case of the Commonwealth
vs. Midland Mining Co., known as the "Thomas Hamilton Warrant,"
Centre county, took up much time during May, June and July.

Forester Mustin's resignation February 1st, Forester Smith's leav-
ing for Fort Niagara, May 0, and Forester Shenefelt's leaving soon
after, depleted the drafting office force badly. Only Forester Mc-
Pherson and the Chief Surveyor remained for the work.

With Surveyor Wetzel, Mr. Moore began the Kulp survey on Shade
Mountain, Snyder and Juniata counties. This was completed in Sep-
tember and soon after Forester McPherson left for the front.

The survey of the new purchases in the Pine Creek district for For-
ester Neefe was made the latter part of September by Surveyor
Wetzel.

On October 21st the Chief Surveyor, with Surveyor Wetzel and
Forester Hogeland, went to Hammersley Fork and began the survey
of the Kettle Creek lands for a new map to replace the old 3-C-14
map.

The Sizerville and Emporium surveys and the Harter surveys at
Dry Run, Clinton county, were attended to by Mr. Moore. Wetzel
and Hogeland were compelled to vacate the Kettle Creek work on ac-
count of a scourge of smallpox. After being vaccinated they returned
to the office.

On December 4th, with Wetzel and Hogeland, Mr. Moore went to
Waterville, and with Forester Neefe surveyed the Bitting lands of-
fered by O. M. Campbell. On Saturday, December 8th, a blizzard
caught the party on top of P»utton Mountain and compelled delay
until the following week. The balance of the year was spent in the
office drafting and calculating that work.

On August 1, 1017, Mr. Charles L. Wetzel, who had been tempor-
arily engaged in Department survey work for several years, was per-
manently added to tlie bureau.

The atlas of Pike county, which has been in preparation for three
years in odds and ends of time, was comjdeted and traced by Forester

No. 10.

DEPARTMENT OP FORESTRY.

57

Mustin and bound in atlas form. Special praise is due Mustin for the
neat pen work, careful warrant connections, and the index. This atlas
contains all of the original wan ants ever issued covering lands in
Pike county, and is made in township sections.

Mr. Moore, the Chief Surveyor, has frequently called attention to
the inaccuracy of most of the township lines, and some of the lines
between counties. This Department is continually buying lands sit-
uate in various townships, and in all cases it is necessary for the
Bureau of Surveys to determine from its very often inaccurate records
the acreage which should be allowed each township for fixed charges.
The township lines in this State seem to fall into three classes:

1. Township lines which have been recognized in the erection of
new counties as a boundary line for the new county.

2. Township lines which have been established by order of court
in the various counties, in divisions of existing large-area townships.

3. Township lines usually recognized by road supervisors and
school directors.

The first class is generally well located on the ground by act of
Assembly.

The second class lines in very few cases are delimited by the court
in sufficiently distinct language so that any surveyor could be cer-
tain he is right in running them. Such lines are seldom completed
on the ground.

The third class is a wobbly line which may take a citizen into one
township for the, purpose of road taxation, and into another town-
ship for school attendance for his children. This class is the most
difficult for assessors and tax collectors, as well as for this Depart-
ment. When an assessor of "A" township comes to make his assess-
ment, "B" claims he is in "C' township. When assessor "C" comes
for the same purpose, ''B" claims he is in "A'' township. There are
state rnai)s, atlas maps, road maps, and other general maps show-
ing varying locations for township lines, and in fact for a few county
lines. This is readily seen by consulting maps of the older counties.

The establishing of the various county and township lines through-
out the State should be done by some department of the Government
which is conversant with the wariants issued in the early days. We
suggest either the Department of Internal Affairs or the Department
of Forestry, in conjunction with it. This Department's survey work
\iow is an actual reproduction of the original survey work from the
earliest warrants to the latest warrants, as they were actually run
on the ground at the time. The laws so far passed for the running
of the county lines are so complex and the descriptions in the laws
erecting the counties so vague, that great difficulty is encountered in
determining just what was really meant, while surveys and procur-

58

REPORT OF THE

Off. I)(,c.

iiig evidence} of surveys are so expensive that no two or three county
conrts care to go to the expense nnk^ss absolutely necessary. The run-
ning of lines attenii>te(l in late years lias not all been finished. Even
with the loss of taxes before it. the losing township will not petition
the county couit for ledress on account of tlie expense. The result
is that we are making niai)s and paying taxes on a more or less guess
work basis so far as townshi}) lines are concerned; and planting
costs, fire costs, and labor costs for this De])artment must remain
on the same basis until the Legislature shall devise some remedy.
It should not be a matter for courts, but some bod}' created by State
law. On this commission it is suggested there should be a representa-
tive of the Geological Survey, the Department of Internal Atfairs,
Department of Education, and the Department of Forestry. County
and township lines could thus be laid down i>ermanently and defin-
itelv marked in a business-like manner.

PUBLICITY.

At the 1915 summer convent i<in of the l*ennsylvania Foresters,
held in Galeton duiing the nuuith of August, a resolution was un-
auiiuously ado] (ed setting fojth the need of publicity and education
in the work of the Department, and authorizing the President of the
I^\)r(\sters* Association to appoint a committeee to ujeet with the
State Forest Keservation Commission, and urge them to sanction
the establishment of a bureau to care for this work. All the members
of the Commission looked favorably ujjou the proposition, and took
immediate action by voting to establish the Bureau of J*ublicity.
Forester N. K. McXaughton, then in charge of the Karthaus l^)rest,
was detailed to start the work, and was called to the llarrisburg office
of the Department on November G, 11)15.

J'lans were then under way for installing the De[)artnuuit's ex-
hibit with the IVnnsylvania AVelfare and Elliciency Conference, and
this was the tirst wcuk undertaken l)y the new buieau. With the as-
sistance of Forester 3Iaurice Mustin, an exhibit was installed which
occupied about oOO square feet of floor space. It was a decided suc-
cess, due largely to the decorative scheme designed by Mr. Mustin.
(See Plate 4).

The first ne\\ s articles were sent out about .Tanuary 1st, lOlG, to a
list of 425 select(Ml newsjia]>ers. Since then, within the ]>eriod covered
by the ie|>ort. about 45() nev\ s articles have been issue<l. No effort
has been made to take uj) large auiounts of space in the newspai)ers, or

2

ri-
O

CO

cr
c

o

s

c
c

3
O

O
M

No. 10.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

50

to send out material regularly, whether it has news value or not. As
ix result, the number of articles has not been excei>tionally large, but
they have been Used I'leely, they have been strictly truthful, and
Ihey have had leal news value.

On January 1st, il)l(>, and again on January 1st, 1J)17, statements
were secured from all the foresters covering every line of work on
their forests. These statements were sumnmrized in a large tabula-
tion, the tirst of its Jcind, giving a complete statement of work done
on the State Forests to date and during the current year. In con-
nectiou with these tabulations special infornmliou was collected on
the present status of the chestnut blight on the {State Forests.

The collection of lantern slides has been j elabeled, listed by number,
and indexed. Since the creation of this bureau there is no question
but that our own slides and the State Museum slides on forestry have
been at least twice as active as belxue.

During the months of January, February, and March, IDIG, For-
(e«ters Horning, Hogentogier, VauHorn, and \N'ells worked on the
^checking and preparation of a table to give at one reading the cubic
contents of a stump top, or log of an}^ dimensions. This table was
leferred to in the repoit of the Kanhaus State Forest for the years
1914-5. The checking was practically completed, and the table is
now almost ready for the printer. These ligures will be of value in
the collection of volume data, and will be made up in handy form for
the use of the foresteis.

The most important work done in point of actual eilect on the
public was the co-operative agreement entered into with the Vitagraph
Conjpan^' of Amcjican for the making of a motion picture of a forest
tire. All the large motion picture companies of America were cir-
cularized, and from the favoiable replies which were received, of
which there were about six, it was decided that the Vitagraph Com-
pany otteied the best proposal, l^'orester Mustin called on four of
the large produceis in ^'ew York City about March 1st, IDKi, and,
iifter weighing matters pio and con, finally signed a contract with
Colonel Jasper Ewing Brady, scenario editor for the Vitagraph Com-
pany. The contract stated that the Department was to furnish a
scenario, certain properties and housing facilities, and to stage on
the Mont Alto Stale Foiest a forest tire with all the preliminary and
sub:-e;]uent scenes which might be of interest to the public. On its
part, the Vitagraph Company agreed to furnish a director and several
actors, to revise our script, to take the picture, to furnish us with
a free co]'y and to ciicuhite their own coi)y through the legular com-
mercial channels. All of these conditions were strictly adhered to
by both i)arties, and the i)icture was completed May 13th, lOK). The
Vitagrnph ])roduction was released in one reel in October, 191G, under
the title '*The Curse of the Forest," and the Department's copy, in

t

60

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

three reels, was first used at Conneaut Lake on September otli, oit
the oceasion of the Wihl Life League Convention. Since then the
Department's copy has been viewed by not fewer than 200,000 people.
In June, 1917, a contract was entered into with the Eastern Motion
Picture Company to make a copy of the Department's picture, which
copy is now in active circulation.

Undoubtedly the motion picture gives the Department's work the
best publicity it has ever had. The success of "The Curse of the
]^'orest" proves this statement. But the Department cannot be ex-
pected to do publicity work on a large scale with two copies of one
motion picture. Forestry has enough interest to justify the mak-
ing of a series of motion pictures, and it is unquestionable that the
Department should have enough copies of each film to give showings
all over the State. Four copies could be kept moving constantly. If
we expect to use these effective means of bringing our work to public
notice, we should have future films made up in pathescope size, twenty
exposures to the foot, and have at least one pathescope projector in
constant active service.

In addition to the main efforts mentioned above, a multitude of
little things was turned over to this bureau for attention, among
others, the following:

The bureau handled practically all correspondence about utili-
zation and sales from farmer's wood lots.

It gave out all information about the work of the Department.

About 150 special articles were prepared for publication in maga-
zines and technical papers.

A series of twelve "Tree Talks" was issued.

Four large window charts were made up by hand.

Plans were made for installing a forestry exhibit in the flag room
of the State Museum, and orders* have been given for cutting and
seasoning eighty wood specimens. These are to be sawed and finished
during the coming year.

A system was devised and installed for filing and charging cuts,
lantern slides, books, and photographs.

Exhibits were made at Clearfield, Strondsbuig, and Conneaut
Lake.

About a dozen lectures on forestry were given, and several talks
in connection with showings of the motion i)icture.

Several lectures were prepared for use by foresters in the field, and
lantern slides arranged in series to accompany these lectures.

The filing system for bulletins and magazines was revised.

Bulletin 14, describing the Department's exhibit, was published.

An alphabetic list of forest, fish, and gnnie associations was pre-
pared and all of the organizations were circularized.

Articles on the Department's work were prepared for use in several
text])ook8 for the public schools.

No. 10.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

61

On May 8, 1917, Mr. McNaughton took over the work of the Bu-
reau of Silviculture, the former chief of the bureau, W. Gard. Conklin,
having lesigned to enter a training camp. From that date less at-
tention could be given to woik of the Bureau of Publicity.

SILVICULTURE.

Forester W. (lard. Conklin was in charge of this Bureau from the
beginning of the period covered by this report until May 8, 1917. On
that date ho entered the training camp at Fort Niagara and Forester
N. R. McNnui^hton wns ])lnced in charge.

War conditions have afl'ected the work of this Bureau seriously.
On January 1, 191(i, the working force of the Bureau consisted of the
Forester in charge, one stenographer, and about ten assistants. On
December 31, 1917, enlistments and resignations had reduced this
force to the Forester in charge and the stenographer. All the work
cannot be kept up to date under these conditions, and our records
have suffered accordingly.

This Bureau covers the following operations: •

(1) Seedling Production.

(2) Artificial Reforesting.

(3) Growth Studies and Records.

(4) Stock and Topogra])hic Surveys.

Most of this work is covered fully by the tabulations following.
This part of the report will summarize briefly the work done under
each of the above subdivisions.

Seedling Production.

For the production of forest tree seedlings, the Department main-
tains four large nurseries with an area of 29.1 acres, and nineteen
small nurseries with an area of 2.77 acres. Fully ninety per cent of
the seedlings come from the large nurseries, and the small ones are
maintained laigely because of their educational value. In a few cases
the small nui series exist because of the difficulty of transferring
seedlings from the large nuiseries for local reforesting operations.

Nursery shipments, as shown by the tabulations following, average
from 4,000,000 to 0,000,000 per year. Planted 5 ft. x 5 ft. these seed-
lings cover an area of approximately 2,000 to 3,000 acres a year. It
would be easy to increase our nursery production to 15,000,000
seedlings annually, but it is an open question whether or not this

62

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

iiicidise would iiol j)nt our lefoiestiug operations far in advance of
our protection work. There seems to be little sense in planting large
numbers of trees in remote areas where the fire risk is serious. If
jidequate protection be guaranteed, expansion of our planting pro-
gram to twice its present size can be accomplished in not more tltau
three years.

Two schools of thought have s]n*ung up with widely divergent views
of our i'utuie idanting operations. One school maintains that jdan-
tations should never be made in large contiguous areas because of
possible future difficult}^ in management. This school also contends
that a large j)art of oui- burned over lands, which were once regardedl
absolutely barren of valuable s])ecies, will refoiest itself by naturall
regeneration if given sullicient time. The other school cont(Mids that-
since it is unquestionable that we now own vast areas which are pro-
ducing nothing of valu(\ we should jdant as i*apidly as ])ossible in
order to niak(» these areas jnoduce in (he shoi'test jjossibh* tiiue; the
jdanting, of couise, to be co-or<lina(e(l vrith Ihe work of the IJureau
of Forest l*rotection, and to be advanced just as inpidly as adecpiate
protection can be assui-ed. This school also says that whih^ it is
possibly true that some of our land will reforest itself uaturallv
in the couise of yeais. the s[)ecies which will ai)])ear on it will be of
inferior (piality, and mostly haul woods mixed with jnire weeds; also
ihat while waiting for this natural regeneiation we will be wasting
valuable time.

Regardless of (he meiits of these contentions, there is onlv one
solution of our planting problem for n(»xt year: we nntst plant trees
in large ]>lantations or else let the trees go to waste in the nurseries.
We have 8 000,000 seedlings available for planting in the spring of
1018, and au additional 7,000.000 which would be large enough to use
in case of necessity. Our lieM fcuce has been depleted by enlistments
and resignations until it is altogether out of the question to use this
8,000,000 nursery slock in a large num]>er of small plantations. We
could no(^ give the small plantations adequate supervision, and it is an
open (juestiou whether or not we could buy suiricient camp e(piij)ment
to undeitake them. If v. c aie to save the trees from (he loss which
will be unavoidable if they KMiiain another year in the nursery ])eds
our plantations next s])i ing mest be fewer in nund)er and larger in
size, and we must ])ut forth greater etfoi t to indiu-e i)riyato planters
to use our stock. The h,gical solution of the dilliculty is to make about
five plantations nf a million trees each; to bend ever^' etfort to induce
])rivat<' i)lan((Ms to take care of an additional 1.500,000, and to allot
the remaining l,r)O0,000 to the small plantations. Doubtless there
are silvicultural reasons why a single plantation of a million trees
should not be made, but these reasons must give way to the exigen-
cies of the present situation.

No. 10.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

G3^

Following ire brief reports on each of the large nurseries. Details-
as to the trees shipped from these nurseries will be found in the tables^
following: ,

Mont Alto Nursery. — The entire nursery area, approximately 8.1
acres, is ]U)w under cultivation. The number of trees on hand ex-
ceeds all previous records.

Sections lying fallow have been im]>roved by Canada |jeas and buck-
wheat. AVhen these crops were plowed down, manure and charcoal
were added and the soil is now in excellent shape. There is no longer
any question as to the value of charcoal iu modifying heavy soils.

Fall sowing has been continvted and, for this nursery, has proved
much more successful than spiing sowing. The nursery now contains
jiiore than 1,000 beds of 100 sq. ft. each. Over 200 beds weie sown
in Novend)er, 1015, and the seed germinated about .May 1, 101(1.
Every bed had a complete stand.

Two-year Scotch pine from this nursery cost 72c jier thousan<l in
the bundles; two-year while {)ine, from (>8c to $1.00.

The acid soil experiment nuMitioned in the last report lias been
continued with repeated favoiable results. It s(^ems ]>robable that
an acid soil condition is antagonistic to the dami)ing olf fungus.

The Skinner ^yater system has been s}»lit up into small units, which
are easily transfei-red from one section to another. In this w;iy it is
])OSsible to water all the one year stock with a very small amount of
])ipe.

The 1010 inv<M)toi'v of this nursery shows 2,080,000 tiees wliichi
should be shipped, 770,000 to icmaiu for another yeai', and 2,875,000^
one-year-ol'ls and small two-year-olds. The total is 5,725,0()(K See
Table No. 4o for 1!)17 inventory.

Financial StatcMuent, lOlO.'

Laboi- Cost Summary:

ini3,

1G15,
1616.

f .12 .%

43 (H
.S5 79
26 04

f 323 06
390 41
283 55
3o2 15

1816 41
849 31

934 m

981 83

$1,171 8.3-
1 .2^3 .36
1,2.53 W^r
1,340 02

•ThR oth°r larp« mirperi^s submit statements similar to this,
poflsjblf to publish them all.

Lack of space makes it fm-

64 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.

Fixed Charges:

Forester, |500 00

Land, 48 28

Tools, 20 72

Water system, 25 00

Koads and drains, 10 17

Bnildings, - 7 32

JIfGll 49

Current Pro-Rata:

Administration, |1 50

Experimentation, 2 05

Maintenance, 67 98

Water system, 56 21

Compost, 106 93

Screens, 167 96

Tools, 3 35

— S405 98

Total overhead, |1,017 47

To be pro rated over 830 beds, or |1.09 per bed.

Charge to Capital:

Grounds, $39 40

Tools, 7 07

|46 47

Ledger Balance:

Dr. Accounts:

Incidentals, |;866 74

I^abor, 1 340 02

Fixed charges, 611 49

Inventory, 6 20

1915 charge, 142 90

$2,967 35

Or. Accounts:

Charge to capital |;46 47

Ornamentals, 15 86

Academy, ^50

Shipping expense, 297 47

Inventory 53 37

Transplants, 108 90

1917 beds 72 91

Fallow 4 39

Hardwoods, , , 4 48

No. 10. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. 66

Failure : Scotch pine, 10 27

Compost inventory, 23 27

1914 beds, 167 38

1915 beds, 528 58

1916 beds, 1,632 55

$2,967 35

Asaph Nursery.— The area of this nursery is 20 acres, 14 of which
were in seed beds in 1917. In addition there is an area set aside for
the raising of shade trees to be planted ah)ng the State Highways.
The following species were transplanted for this purpose in the spring
of 1915, and were spaced 3 ft. x 3 ft.:

Species. Number.

Basswood, g

Black cherry, 57

Red oak, 9

White ash, 1,312

Honey locust, 1,327

American elm, 1 350

Norway spruce, 1 330

In 1916 the following seedlings were transplanted into this area:
Species. Number.

American elm, 4 200

Pitch pine, 3^^366

Sugar maple, 2,310

White ash, i^050

The work of this nursery has been handicapped by scarcity of labor.
It is almost impossible to get men, women, or boys unless continuous
employment be guaranteed.

The 1916 inventory shows a total of 2,879,000 trees in the nursery,
with 1,621,000 of these available for planting in the spring of I917!
See Table No. 43 for 1917 inventorj\

Greenwood Nursery.-— The area of this nursery is about three acres,
all in seed beds. A system of crop rotation is being followed so that
about one-third of the nursery will be in green manure each year.

The 1916 inventory gives a total of 2,445,000 seedlings in the
nursery of which 990,000 are available for planting in the spring of
1917. See Table No. 43 for 1917 inventory.

About four-fifths of an acre has been set aside for the production
of hardwood transplants for planting along the State Highways.

There was considerable loss in seedlings in this nursery from the
damping off fungus. The coniferous leaf disease, L. Pinii, has
appeared in the nursery and is especially damaging to white pine
seedlings. Repeated spraying with Bordeaux mixture seems to hold
the disease in check.

5

66

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

This nursery produced two-year conifers in the spring of 1916 for
about $1.00 per thousand.

Clearfield Nursery. — The area of this nursery is about four acres,
but it has the largest inventory of any of the nurseries. In the fall
of 11)16 there were 9,577,000 seedlings in the nursery, of which 5,125,-
000 could have been shipped in the spring of 1917. See Table No. 43
for 1917 inventory.

Two-3'ear-old seedlings have been produced for as low as 23c per
tliousand in the beds. Seventy-five thousand three-year-old white
pine cost 80c per thousand in the beds.

Artificial Reforesting.

The tables on the following pages, and statements in the fourth
paragraph above under tlie heading ^'Seedling l*roduction," cover this
phase of the work. The number of seedlings planted on the State
Forests in the year 1917 was several million under the high records of
1916. The decrease was due almost entirely to scarcity of labor.
Private planting, on the contrary, shows a substantial increase for
1917 over 1916.

During 1916, five-year planting plans were prepared for each of the
State Forests. These plans were followed quite closely for 1916, but
labor conditions made it necessary to modify them in 1917. In 1918
it is altogether likely that more severe labor shortage and enlistment
of the foresters will make necessary still further modifications. There
seems to be no good reason for drawing up new plans until the war
is over and our foresters return. If new plans were to be drawn
up, they would be subject to the same modifications as the old plans.

One of the cliief reasons for the increase in private planting was the
publication and distribution in the fall of 1916 of Department Bul-
letin 15, "Reforesting Pennsylvania's Waste Land." There has been
a large demand for this bulletin, and a reprint has been ordered. It
gives specific information on planting stock and methods.

Free Distribution of Seedlings.

The Department of Forestry funiishes seedling trees free of charge
for private planting under the following conditions only:

(1 ). No charge is made for the trees, but the applicant must pay
cost of packing and hauling, which is usually from 20c to 40c per
thousand. ' '^^IfliWl

(2). Trees are for forest planting only, and not for shade or or-
n a mental planting.

(3). They must be planted in Pennsylvania.

(4). Application should be made several months before plant-
ing season, which begins about April 1st.

f •!

Plate 6. Scone in the Buffalo Forest, Union county. The
forest fire was automatically stopped by the bare highway.
Burned brush to the left.

Plate 7. Handboard of the type used on many of the

State forests.

No. 10.

DEPARTMENT OP FORESTRY.

67

(5). Notice as to whether or not the application is granted will
be given several weeks before the trees are shipped, and notice of
shipment will be given two or three days in advance.

(6). Seedlings must be planted without delay.

(7). Report must be made to the Commissioner of Forestry cover-
ing cost of planting and conditions under which planting is done.

(8). Additional reports on the condition of the plantation must
be made whenever requested by the Department of Forestry.

(9). Fewer than 500 seedlings will not be furnished, and fewer
than 100 of any one species will not be furnished, i. e., an application
for 500 seedlings must include not more than five species, preferably
fewer.

A matter in which there should be more experimentation is fall
planting. We have made a number of fall plantations, but not in suf-
ficient quantities or on a wide enough range of sites to give us re-
liable data, in many of our forest regions farm labor can be se-
cured easily in the fall but cannot be secured at any price in the
spring.

Another matter which deserves careful study is the question of stor-
ing over winter seedlings lifted late in the fall, so that the
nurseries may be relieved of a part of the spring congestion. The
fact that others advise against this is no reason why we should not
conduct our own experiments, especially when the stake is so much
worth while. Could we develop a successful method of storing coni-
ferous seedlings over the" winter, we should, at a stroke, lessen our
nursery troubles by at least one-third. Scarcely a season passes when
it would not be possible to plant seedlings at least a week or two be-
fore the nui'serymen can lift them. In times like the present this sav-
ing of a week or two may be the difference between success or failure
of the whole i)lanting program.

Growth Studies and Records.

In the fall of 1916 special forms were prepared and records were
taken by the sample plot method of every plantation made to date on
the State forests. Plantations were classified as follows: Class 1
to include all plantations which resulted in an establishment of 50
per cent or over. Class 2 to include all plantations which were partly
successful, but in which the establishment was less than 50 per cent.
Class 3 to include all i)lautations which had resulted in total failure.

Permanent sample plots were established in all the more important
plantations and in some of the larger plantations several plots were
established. The area of the plots was usually about one-tenth of an
acre. The height at the end of each year's growth was taken for every
jdanted tree in the plot. Diameters were not taken except where the
D. B. H. was one inch or more. The field data were edited in the De-

68

REPORT OF THE

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No. 10.

DEPARTMENT OF B^ORESTRY.

69

partment offices and some of the results are summarized in tables
numbered 38 and 39. At the time this work was started it was the in-
tention to take annual measurements of heights and diameter growth
in every one of the permanent sample plots, but the depletion of the
field force made it impossible to continue this work in 1917.

Stock and Topographic Surveys.

The best possible summary of the work done in this line is given in
the illustration herewith. (See Plate 5). The Department reports
for the years 1912-1913 and 1914-1915 give details as to the methods
pursued in making the surveys and rough statements as to cost per
mile. No new work was undertaken after January 1, 1917, but all
surveys then begun have since been completed. Topographic surveys
have been made and drafted for the following forests :

Barree, 18,061 acres

Bear Meadows, 21,000 "

Buffalo, 20,628 "

Greerfwood, 25,000 "

Jacks Mountain, 19,429 "

Kishacoquillas, 33,800 "

Mont Alto, 20,000 ''

Penn, 15,000 "

Seven Mountains, 14,000 "

Pennypacker, 24,800 "

White Deer, 22,500 "

Total, 234,218 "

STATE FOREST ACADEMY.

' f>'

Mont Alto.

The following students are recent graduates of tlie Academy, and
on September 1st of the respective years of graduation were assigned
to the forests indicated :

1914. Forest.

Leonard G. Barnes, Nittauv

Howard W. Siggins, Seven Mountain

Kussell Fawley, Kishacoquillas

W. Harold Horning, Lushbaugh

Walter Leach, Bear Meadows

Robert W. Staddeu, Ollice

Walter J. Bartschat, Jacks Mountain

Harry C. VanHorn, New Bergen

Charles E. Woof, Greenwood

1915. "^

Charles E. Baer, Office

Howard H. Morgan, Office

James E. Powers, Pine Grove

H. B. Rowland, Jr., Office

1916.

Joe R. Blouse, Whetham

L. M. Detz, Office

Chas. C. Hogeland, Kishacoquillas

Benj. D. McPherson, Office

J. C. Middour, Caledonia

J. Newton Morton, Buffalo

Marvin H. Moyer, Slate Run

Harold F. Port, Stone v

Ira L. Shenefelt, Pocono

Edw. S. Smith, Pine Grove

H. A. Smith, '. .McClure

1917.

Howard E. Breneman, Not assigned

John E. Buch, '' "

Josef B. Harlacher, " •"

L. Edgar McNulty, " "

Edwin B. Miller, " "

Ralph W. Musser, " "

Lloyd D. Root, " "

Samuel W. Windle;- " "

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At the graduating exercises in 191G, the address to the students
was delivered by Dr. B. E. Fernovv, J)ean of the Forestry School at
the University of Toionto, and then President of the Society of
American Foresters. This was Dr. Fernowls first visit to the Aca-
demy. After an inspection of the property and on becoming ac-
quainted with its work and purpose, he very warmly commended
the institution as well as the general business-like forest policy of
the Department. Dr. Fernow is without exception regarded the
foremost American forestry educator, and an opinion of this charac-
ter coming from him is well worth while.

The graduating exercises for 1917 were omitted because of the
earlier entry of most of the third-year students into the army service
of the United States.

During the period covered by this report, numerous faculty
changes have occurred due to resignations and entry into the National
service. Prof. E. A. Ziegler, the director of the Academy, left in
May, 1917, to enter the officers' training camp at P^)rt Niagara. Prof.
J. S. Illick, senior member of the faculty, was ai)pointed his suc-
cessor. W. E. Montgomery, a graduate of the class of 1913, conducted
his classes to August, 1917, and then entered the officers' training
camp at Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia. W. B. P^vans, a member of the
class of 1912, was called to the Academy in September, 1917, and is
carrying the majority of Mr. Ziegler's courses. William Netoffsky, a
member of the faculty since 1910, resigned in June, 1917, to accept a
position as Research Chemist in New York City. Eugene P. Deatrick
assumed Mr. Netofl'sky's courses in September, 1917. He is devoting
special attention to the courses in forest soils. Wm. H. Eyster,
Professor of Biology, resigned in September, 191 G, to accept a position
in a New York Normal School, and was succeeded by Coleman A.
Harris, of Bucknell University. During the summer of 1916, the
Director, Mr. Ziegler, was accorded tlie privilege of pursuing graduate
study at Columbia University.

Prominent mention must be made of the fact that a friend of the
Academy, Mr. Maurice Fels, of Philadelphia, made a gift of 115 se-
lected volumes to the Academy library, the largest single addition re-
ceived during the history of the school. Besides books relating to
the courses pursued at the Academy, there are many relating to biog-
raphy, travel, poetry, literature, and fiction.

During the last two years the courses of study have been carefully
rearrjinged and standardized. Forest Mechanics was added as a new
course and is intended to train the students in the construction, oper-
ation, and repair of machinery, engines, boilers, telephone systems,
fire towers, and other appliances which a forester uses.

Text books were formerly furnished the students free of cost. We
now believe that actual ownership of the text books will conduce; to

No. 10.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

71

their better use and preservation and induce the students to establish
for themselves the nucleus of a forest library. For the further reason
that the Academy appropriations could scarcely be made reach, the
students have since the autumn of 191 G been required to purchase
their own text books. The furnishing of other facilities at the Acad-
emy remains as formerly.

The horses which the second and third year students were required
to provide for themselves were a distinct feature of Academy life.
They enabled the young men to become adepts in horsemanship and
were useful in many ways in forest work. It was with regret that we
were compelled to have the students dispose of their horses and
during the present crisis get along the best we can without them.
While they rendered most useful service and enabled the whole stu-
dent body to reach forest fires quickly, the increased cost of maintain-
ing them was such that it was not possible to do so out of our ap-
propriations. The rapidly contracting purchasing power of a dollar
did not permit us to continue this branch of the service. It is hoped
that with the return of normal times this feature of Academy life
may be restored.

It is proposed to republish the Academy catalogue or announce-
ment, in which will be found a history of the Academy, the students
who have attended and have been graduated therefrom, and the
courses of study as they are now given. The printing will not take
place until next year.

A more detailed statement of the students who have entered Federal
service and the units with which they are serving, will be found in
ihe earlier part of this report.

The Academy financial statement will be found incorporated else-
where with the general financial statement.

The original purchase of the Academy lands and buildings and the
immediately surrounding areas, was provided for by si)ecial appropri-
ation act of 1903. Since this purchase was made numerous repairs
to buildings have been required, and new buildings erected. These
include the rebuilding of barns and out houses, erection of a double
cottage for members of the faculty, who also serve as foresters upon
the Mont Alto Forest, and the building of a new dormitory. The last
was provided for by special legislative appropriations of 1907 and
1909.

A revision of the Academy rules has been made and will be put in

force with the beginning of the school year in September, 1918. These

rules are as follows:

Students at the Forest Academy are in the service of the State. Conscientious
work and cheerful obedience in school and forest arc prerequisites to a successful
student career.

ABSENCE FROM THE SCHOOL.

If a student desires to be absent from the school for more than two hours he
will obtain a signed concession card during office hours from the Director or a

HI

72

REPORT OF THE

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designated instructor acting for him. This regular concession card the student
will retain until he returns, and then, if properly filled out, place in the office
basket not later than 8 A. M. following his return.

Regular concessions will not be granted between Monday morning and Sat-
urday noon during the fall and winter terms. Special concessions, however, wUl
be granted during the week if the student submits detailed and sufficient reasons
for granting the special privilege.

No regular concessions will be granted during the fire seasons. Students must
remain within hearing of the fire bell, except on order or special permit.

The number and duration of concesssions will be determined by the attitude
and scholarship of each student. Good standing will tend towards an extension
of the concession privilege, while poor scholarship and inferior conduct will re-
duce the number of granted concessions, and in extreme cases the concession
privileges may be entirely withdrawn.

If a student misses a recitation due to his absence from school, through sick-
ness, or for other causes, he will submit the reasons therefor to the Director and,
if possible, obtain a signed excuse card. The presentation of a signed excuse
card to an instructor indicates that the student may make up his deficiencies
and be credited therefor. An unexcused absence cannot be made up. The method
of making up the absence will be determined by the instructor concerned.
BELLS ;

Rising* 6:30 A.M.

Breakfast, first, 6 :45.

last, 7:00.
^i"^'^'' first, 12 :00 M. Saturday and Sunday 11 :45 A. M.

last, 12 :05 P. M. Saturday and Sunday 12 :00 M.
S"PP®^' first, 5 :55 P. M. Saturday and Sunday 4 :55 P. M.

last, 6:00 P. M. Saturday and Sunday 5:00 P. M.

Recitation, Warning bell— 10 minutes of the hour.

Final bell — on the hour.
Retiring First, 10 :00 P. M.

Lights out, 10 :30 P. M.
No meals will be served or lodgings supplied to any guests of students.
If a student will be absent from the dining room for any meal not covered in
a concession he will report his proposed absence to the Director.

Students must be in their rooms after 7:30 P. M. except by special permit.
OFFICE HOURS AND SUPPLIES:

The Director will be in his office at stated period posted on the bulletin board.
Supplies may be obtained at stated hours posted on the bulletin board.
All charged supplies, such as books, instruments, etc., must be returned before
leaving the school or whenever called for.

LAUNDRY :

Each student will receive

3 bed sheets 2 pairs blankets

2 pillow cases 1 pjHo^

for which he will be held responsible.

Each student must secure a laundry bag and turn in hid laundry at Wiestling
Hall by 7:30 A. M. each Monday. Bag and laundry must be marked with
owner's woven initials.

Piece

Count.
1 sheet*, 1

1 pillow case*, j

2 towels, 2

1 pair pajamas or night shirt, 2

No. 10. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. 73

2 suits of underwear, 4

3 shirts* 3

4 handkerchiefs 2

3 pairs of socks, 3

Total, 18 pieces allowed

♦Limit of this item. Collars and fine starched shirts students must have done
at steam laundry.

MAIL:

In alphabetical order, as posted on the bulletin board, students will leave
Wiestling Hall for Post Office immediately after supper with outgoing mail and
bring back incoming mail not later than 7:30 P. M.

A substitute must be secured if the designated student cannot serve.

Morning mail may be had after if has been distributed.

Vacation addresses must be filed if mail is to be forwarded.

DEPOSIT:

Every student shall deposit with the Director the sum of $5.00 against which
will be charged the value of property damaged, destroyed, or lost. Should this
fund become exhausted an additional deposit will be called for. The Director
of the school shall be the judge as to what property damaged, destroyed, or lost
shall come within the provisions of this rule.

FIREARMS :

The use of standard firearms is recommended. Students must always be care-
ful in discharging any form of firearm, and in no instance shall they be discharged
within or from the windows of buildings.

CONDITIONS :

A condition results if a final or term examination, or the general grade falls
below 75. The instructor concerned will indicate the method of removing the
condition, but the grade then given will be 75. Re-examinations will be given
within two weeks after failure is announced.

MISCELLANEOUS :

Students must keep their rooms clean and in good order.

Students must take all possible precautions against starting fire in their rooms.

Alcohol or oil stoves are forbidden in rooms.

Drinking intoxicants is absolutely forbidden both at and away from school.

Cigarette smoking and tobacco chewing are prohibited.

Smoking is not allowed in Wiestling Hall or in class rooms.

Few rules are required for thoughtful and faithful students.

Before taking a chance, confer with the Director. He will help interpret
the rules or advise you concerning unwritten rules.

It

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' TABLE 1.— DEPARTMENT FINANCES.

Appropriations for
the Period Ending

Salaries of Officers and Clerks. ^*^ ^^* ^^^^'

Coinmissioner of Forestry, salary. $6,000 00

Clerks, salary, ^q'qqq q^

Deputy Commissioner of Forestry, salary, s^ooo 00

Contingent expense, ^^VooocS

Expenses, members of commission, " ^'qqq qq

Foresters and Rangers, salary and expenses __" 225!ooo 00

Draftsmen, bookkeepers, stenog'raphenB.'and'ines"
sengers. ,8 00^ 0^

locidentais" 85.000 00

lociaenrais, _ 50,000 00

Title PTxamination— amount appropriated, ___ $3 000 00

X,. ^'"9,"D* transferred from purchase of land, 2,'50O 00 5,500 00

Fixed charges for roads, 42 noo nft

Fixed charges for schools, "II""!'" 42 m) 00

Forest fire appropriation. 45'ooa 00

Purchase of Land— amount appropriated, $40,000 00

Amount transferre<l to title examinteion«, *2,500 00 37 500 00

Forest Academy, 20 000 03

District Foresters, salary and expenses, . ' 8*500 OO

Deficiency. Foresters' and Rangers' salary and ex-
penses, 1% OQQ nn

Material and equipment, IIIIIIIIIII

^o*»' — $625,500 00

Amount Expenses
from above Appro-
priation Period
Ending May 31,
1917.

Appropriations for

the Period Ending

May 31, 1919.

$6,000 00
6,000 00
5,000 00

$17,000 00
9,000 00

245,000 00
6,000 00

18.000 00
116,000 00

4,000 00
42,000 00
42,000 00
80,000 00

130,000 00
20,000 00
10,000 00

65,000 00
$807,000 00

Salaries of Officers and Clerks.

Commissioner of Forestry, salary,

Clerks, salaries,

Deputy Commissioner of Forestry,

Amount Expended
from above Appro-
priation up to
and including
Dec. 31, 1917.

$6,000 00
6,750 00
6,000 00

Contingent expense,

Expenses, members of commission, HI

Foresters' and Rangers' salaries and expenses, '

Survey,

Draftsmen, bookkeejx'rs, stenographers, and^ messen-
gers, __ _ _

Labor,

Incidentals , "

Title examination, I

Fixed charges for roads, "I

Fixed charges for .-chools,

Forest fire appropriation, .

Purchase of land,

Forest Academy,

District Foresters, salary and expenses, I

Material and equipment.

Amount of appropriation not used to balance,

$16,750 00
3,999 16
3,965 Od

241,968 59
3,999 86

$1,750 00
1,750 00
1,458 31

00
08

88

Total,

17,996 43
84,996 68
50,000

6,034
40,172
39,549 02
45,000 00
37,500 00
19,999 98

8,499 93

6,079 38
$625,500 00

$4,958 31
2,365 68

66.190 25
1,698 55

4,116 00
19,687 61

1,637 14

20,218 46

19,916 52

24,712 53

212 40

5,726 65

2,776 06

14,887 22

617,999 62

$807,000 00

TABLE 2.— ANALYSIS OF APPROPRIATIONS AND EXPENDITURES.

It is unfortunate that the appropriation years of the State govern-
ment do not correspond with the report years of the Department, or
the calendar year. Appropriations run from June 1 of a legislative
year to June 1st of a succeeding legislative year. If we assume that
the appropriations available June 1st, 1915, were moved forward to
January 1st, 1916, and the 1916 anld 1917 expenditures of the De-
partment made therefrom, a comparison of debits and credits thus
taken would be substantially correct, and exhibit approximately
and closely the status of the business on a percentage basis.

No. 10. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

(A) .—APPROPRIATIONS.
(A)— Appropriations .

Total of appropriations, regular and deficiency, _._ ""°"$625 500 no

Officers and clerks, „._. $17^000 OO

Contingent expenses, _ 4 qoo 00

Commissioners' expenses, 5*000 00

Foresters and Rangers, 242'nnft r.o

District Foresters. ...J. . _ Phm nn

Surveys. .._ __ I iiiiiiiiinri:!: 4'S2S 2g

Draftsmen, stenographers, bookkeepers, etc., 18,' 000 00

Incidentals (materials and equipment"),""!"" 5o'ooo 00

Purchase of land, including title examination, I* 43*000 00

Road and school fixed charges, 84 nof) m

Protection, forest fire, ig'S 00

Forest Academy, IIHH go,' 000 00

' $626,500 00 $625,500 00

•Calculated to the nearest hundredth of one per cent.

75

Per Cent.

*2.Ta

.61

.80
38.70

1.S5
.64

2,87
13.58

8.00

6.87
13.43

7.20

3.20

100.

100.

100.

(B) .—EXPENDITURES.

Amounts. Per Cfent.

Total expenditures, „ *(.,« .„^ «, °^ ^PP^°P^**^*J"-«„«

Officers and clerks.' .::::::::::: $16,750 00 ^''''''' "" 2 ^s ''•''^

Oontmgent expense, 3,999 jq ^-^

Commissioners' expenses, 3 955 09 • *«»

Foresters and Rangers ""I 241:968 56 38*^

District Foresters 8,499 93 -^'^

Surveys, , 3 999 g^ f^

Draftsmen, stenographers, bookkeepers, etc.",""!"!!! 17.' 996 43 2'.m

Incidentals (matcrial8"~and cqulpme"nt)'.''IIIIIIIII" SO.'oOO 00 ^s'SX

Purchase of land, including title examination, 42,534 08 %'aul

Road and school fixed charges, 79,721 90 12746

Protection forest fire, 45 000 00 7260

Forest Academy 19,999 93 J.aoo

$619,420 62 $619,420 62 99.028 99.023

(C).— PLANTING COSTS.
Valu" of s^Hdliiigs . «o -.10 ,^ Per Cent.

Transportation. .1 J...."::::::::: ^'^JI ]t ^ili

Camping. ___ _ , IS? 2i ,^^

Soil preparation, ._ _ ..I11.1"":i ^'SJI fS ^^S!

Labor. " ,^ ti? ?? ^'^

Foresters' time I. H ^?'Jfi ^ 40.36

Rangers' time Illlliri: 't^i^ ^5?

Miscellaneous *~^ *• 3.44

1917^ ^5,828 20 100.

Value of seedlings, 1 «.« .,;. .q

Transportation ^^'tJf ^ 29.90

Camping, _...:...._ :::::z:::::::::::::::::: o fA ^ .nil

Soil preparation. „ ^'f^ °J IJ-g

Labor. _ Q tS 22 ^-^

Foresters' time ::::::::::::::::z:::::::: — ?'|^ S ^«-?i

Rangers' time, ^'^f *t ^'^

Miscellaneous III.-_IIIIIII ^ II ^'^

$21,628 98 100.

(D).— FOREST PROTECTION.

1916.

Amount of appropriation .Tunc 1, 1915— June 1. 1917. «4r, nna aa

Amount expended therefrom in 1915. ___ 11111111111111111 4 4()!i 86

Balance avallabl'! January 1, lfM6, 1 $40 596 15

Expf^nses paiii and incurred to January 1, 1917:

Salaries and expenses of all officers and wardens. ^^ =,,. o«

Tools _ - - $8,510 32

Postage _ _ IIIIIIIIIIIIII " r?I ^

(Jummed stickers for educational purposes. . , J„ I?^

Patrol, — ..._. :„..IHr.II " ■ , "I 20

Protective associations, ._ '" '2!?^ 5?

856 38

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76

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Fire extinction, wages paid to fire fighters, -^ 13,932 dO

Overdraft on patrolmen's salary (returned to the Treasury), 41 60

$23,104 12
Balance available to June 1, 1917, 17,492 03

$40,596 15

1917.

Balance available to June 1, 1917, $17,492 03

Appropriation June 1, 1917, to June 1, 1919, — 80,000 00

Amount available for all purposes from January 1, 1917, to June
1, 1919, $97,492 03

Since the 1917 appropriation is carried over to June 1, 1919, and
many payments are not actually made until long after being incurred,
it will be more satisfactory to report the 1917 activities later. In
the meantime see Report of the Chief Forest Fire Warden for 1917,
Department Bulletin No. 17.

No. 10.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

77

TABLE 3.— EXPENSES AND REVENUES BY FORESTS.

1916.

Expenses.

Austin forest,

Bald Eagle forest,

Bedford forest,

Bear Meadow forest,

Barree forest,

Blackwell forest,

Buchanan forest,

Buffalo forest,

Black forest,

Brumbaugh forest,

Caledonia forest,

Chatham forest,

Clearfield forest,

Coudersport forest,

Greenwood forest,

Grays Run forest,

Haldeman forest,

Hull forest,

Hopkins forest,

Jacks Mountain forest,

Karthaus forest

Kishacoquillas forest,

Kettle Creek forest,

Lackawanna forest,

Loyalsock forest,

Lushbaugh forest,

Mont Alto forest,

Medix forest,

Minisink forest,

McElhattan forest,

McClure forest,

Nlttany forest,

New Bergen forest,

Ole Bull forest

Penfield forest,

Pennypacker forest,

Pine Grove forest,

Pine forest,

Pocono forest,

Promised Land forest,

Penn forest,

Rothrock forest,

Shade Mountain forest, —

Sinnemahoning forest,

Slate Run forest,

Snow Shoe forest,

Stuart forest,

Stone forest,

Slzerville forest,

Seven Mountain forest,

Tea Spring forest,

White Deer forest,

Westfall forest,

Whetham forest,

Young Wonians Creek forest,

Total,

$3,338 «i
l,e70 68
2,250 20

2.662 41
2,878 87
3,342 61
2,761 38

4.663 44
3,579 33
7,420 87
7,847 04

922 17
5.022 94
2,315 18
7,959 22
1,441 26
28 03
2,393 29
3,535 25
3,188 50
2,245 91
3,444 43
2,044 46

836 48
2,543 52
2,939 78
16,829 22
2,091 56
2,929 56

2.805 00
1,537 21
2,244 34
1,988 36
4,872 22
2,756 IS
5,553 36
5,758 99
2,972 16
4,068 06
2,013 91
2,678 58
2,604 55

600 OO
6,631 42

832 18
3,660 69
8,339 7»
6,767 9S
1,819 79
8,895 22
2.929 91
1,597 02

480 00

1.806 75
2,207 34

$183,847 08

Receipts.

$5 00

12 15

1,038 19

77 00

1,188 55

172 01

91 00

107 86

62 00

31 00

761 60

152 64

2,158 56

112 92

107 31

276 08

IV29'

66 29

1,475 87

97 20

245 18

1917.

Expenses.

$2,435 76
1,908 38
2,333 14
3,898 00
2,845 28
3,575 38
2,887 66
4,304 29
3,066 19
2,672 32
9.096 03

4,398 62
2,733 62
7,644 91

1,227 m

13 91
1,658 10
8,139 77
8,091 20
3,592 20
3,620 66

Receipts.

$428 13

13 75

261 67

128 02

1,858 23

209 77

13 20
111 80
177 99

36 40
736 04

62 20
810 20

59 36
1,215 «4

23 78

128 83
87 13
170 83
606 12
193 00

———-----—

849 87
2,460 30

xo uv

ioi'gi'

Ti'oo

128 17

2,132 54

107 70

3,204 65

18,556 70

2,813 21

106 00

2,369 22

114 60

183 00

3,110 10

308 68

2,525 64

33 06

660

823 70

BTIO

1,261 86

2,225 06

1,206 33

10 00

38 87

239 96

4,944 96

43 00

33 41

2.199 63

49 20

80 00

3.919 06

472 38

' 4,610 61

6.447 01

4,981 76

76 00

4,907 74

1,127 50

493 69

4,740 26

163 97

800

1,809 66

144 64

20 00

8,286 74

36 83

289 78

2,108 36

261 67

1,403 36
2,738 46

432 66

663 08

21 00

886 10

32 00

20 00

8.616 42

49 40

938 47

2,937 27

600

240 16

6,164 38

76 61

10 00

2,367 40

66 95

321 77

2,924 26

68 81

25 00

2,564 46

63 80

76 60

3,489 77

126 27

480 00
1,596 75

10 00

300 46

1,164 70

50 00

1,228 20

54 17

$21,459 97

i

$174,209 16

$21,569 69

Prom the foregoing, it may be seen that in 1916, the State owned forest yielded 11.7% ol the
amount spent for local administration that year, and in 1917, the yield was 12.3%.

i M

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DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

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TABLE 6.— STATE FOREST PLANTING, FOR THE YEAR 1916* DIRECT

SEED SOWING ;— EXPERIMENTAL. DIKEOT

State Forests and
Foresters In Charge.

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Buffalo— A. O. Silvius,

White Deer— R. B. Winter,

Totals find averages.

1
1

Black Cherry
Black Cherry

20
40

1
1

$1 18
1 10

$7 00
8 03

$8 18
9 10

$8 18
9 10

2

00

2

$2 28

$15 00

$17 28

$8 64

*Part ot seed was planted in the fall of 1915.

TABLE 7.-

-STATE FOREST PLANTING—DIRECT SEED SOWING.
SUMMARY BY YEARS.

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Quantity.

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1906
1906
1907
1906
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
191«
1917

To-
tals.

1

1

1

2

1

8

4

8

12

26

11

20

8

2

Chestnut,

Black walnut, _„

Chestnut,

Hick., oak, B. W

walnut, _—

. B. W., -

. B

. B

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W.

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Ill

Black

W. P.

W. P.

W. P.

7 species,

10 species,

7 species,

8 species,

6 species,

Black cherryy

No direct seed sowing

in 1917, -

25.5

40.0
6.0
42.
66.
27.

.9
.0
.0

58.33
22.50
60.0

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6.0

2.0

47.0

19.0

3.25

14.0

30.25

48.25

39.75

5.5

8.0

6.0

.7
8.8

$6 00 ; $291 00 $297 00

5.6
4.6
40.65
66.68
21.2
35.38
66.51
39.1
38.7
1.3.3
2.0

9 40
2 85

52 57
120 50

17 43

26 95
97 78
37 68

53 93

27 63
2 28

56 27

7 56

90 54

36 78

77 87

114 09

152 54

93 93

89 65

80 26

15 00

65 67

10 40

143 11

116 28

95 30

141 04

260 32

131 61

143 58

57 89

17 28

$78 16

11 78

2 26

3 24

338.23

229.78

335.22 1415 00 $1,054 48 $1,469 48

1 74
4 49
8 96
882
8 88

3 91

4 36
864

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

w. p.

White pine.

D. P. Douglas flr.

R. 0

p. p.

Pitch pine.

H. Hemlock.

c. 0

8. P.

Scotch pine.

B. W. Black walnut.

S. M

N. S.

Norway spruce.

W. W. White walnut.

W. A

E. L.

European larch.

Ch. Chestnut.

B. C

B. F.

Balsam flr.

W. 0. White oak.

Hick.

Red oak.
Chestnut oak.
Sugar maple.
A. White ash.
Black cherry.
Hickory.
Catalpa.

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No. 10.

DEPARTMENT OF FOttESTKV.

01

TABLE 13.— SEEDLING SHIPMENTS FROM MONT ALTO NURSERY
PRIVATE PLANTING, BERKS COUNTY CONSERVATION

ASSOCIATION, 1916.

Species, Age and Number.

Name.

Address.

ij

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Ameral, H. B.,

Bavcr, Elsie,

liergLT, Edwin A.,

Bethany Orphans Home,

Bright, Mrs. H. M.,

Brunner, Stanley, »

Burkhart, J. Taul,

Dauth, John P.,

Deen, H. S.,

Degour, H. P.,

Dept. of Parks and Public Property,

Detrich, L. P.,

Donioyer, M. T. ,

Dubbs, Cyrus,

Eisenbrown, Geo.,

Eiscnbrown, C. S.,

Erinentrout, D. G.,

Eehr, Horace, .

Fengtermacher, W. E.,

Eisher, Wm. E.,

Fleetwood, Borough of,

Fry, H. M.,

Fox, B. B.,

Gessler Brothers,

Green, H. D.,

Green, H. R.,

Griiber, D. F.,

Heinley, J. P.,

Heizman, Wm. A., -

Heister, T. M.,

Hess, Wm. 0., .__

Horst, Geo. D.,

Howerter, Sherman,

Jones, R. L., „

Klapp, D. Y

Klopp, J. H.,

Kramer, H. Z., ^._

Kramer, Lewis & Co

Krum, O. L.,

Kutz, Cosmos D.,

Lewis, J. E., ...

Luden, Wm. H.,

Massey, F. P., .

Mays, H. R.,

Mays, J. H.,

Mount Penn Gravity Railway Co.,..

Moyer, Francis, _

Moyer, ,1. L., .

Newhard, Lillian R.,

Nolde, Jacob,

Noll. N. K.,

Rahm, Nicholas M.,

Reigel, John H.,

Reinert. Wm. J

Rentz, C. M.,

Rhode. C. J., __.

Rick, J. G.,

Rick, Geo. A.,

Rothonnel, Daniel,

Row, Fred,

Ruth, George,

Schaeffer, Daniel, __

Schofer, J. A., _.,_

Schoener, R. E., _

Schuler, Geo. W., __

West Leesport,

Hamburg,

Wernersville,

Womelsdorf,

Bernville,

Krumsville,

Bernville,

18 S. 8th St., Reading, ._ _..

40 N. 6th St., Reading,

Sinking Spring, No, 1, _ _

Rea<ling,

Kutztown, _

Kutztown,

Myerstown,

Reading,

919 N. 3d St., Reading,

913 Penn St., Reading, ._

818 N. nth St., Reading

Bowers Station,

541 Court St., Reading,

Fleetwood,

Wyomissing.

Lyons Station,

7.31 Penn St., Reading

G12 Washington St., Reading, ...

612 Wa.shington St., Reading

471 W. Oley St., Reading

Albany, Pa.,

Wyomissing,

Wernersville,

322 S. 3d St., Reading,

Reading,

40 N. 6th St., Reading,

Reading

650 Penn St., Reading,

Womelsdorf,

Mohnton,

Stony Creek Mill,

Wernersville,

Lyon Station,

38 N. nth St., Reading,

216 N. Sth St., Reading, ._

Wernersville,

541 Court St., Reading,

Womelsdorf,

Reading,

Robesonia,

492 Centre Ave., Reading,

Wyomissing,

Reading,

Fleetwood, No. 1,

Leesport,

Bernville,

Kutztown,

Sinking Springs, No

Kutztown,

Bethel

Reading,

Birdsboro, No. 2,

1 W Clymer St., Reading,

W'crnersville,

liVon Station,

Sinking Spring, No. 2, _

Stouchsburg,

Fleetwood, No. 2,

1,000
1,000
1,000

10.000

1,000

1,000

bW

1,000

1,000

500

100,000

5,000

400

1,000

5,000

10,000
2,000
1,000
1,000
1,000

20,000

50O

1,000

2,000

1,000

23,000
1,000
1,000
250
1,000
500
7,000
4,000

12,000
1,000
1,000
1.000
1.000
1,000
1,000

500

2,000

1,000

1,000

Tooo"

250

3,

2,000

1,000

8,000

6,000

1,000

1.000

600

250

30.000

600

600

600

1.000

600

2.000

"'soo'

600

9,000
3,000
6,000
1,000
1.000
1,900
20,000
500
1.000

250

6,000

600

600

6,000

'"'eoo'

1,000 i

1.000
1,000
1,000

10,000

1.000

1.000

1,000

1,000

1,000

6O0

102.000

6,000

400

1,000

6,000

11.000
2,000
1.000
1,000
1,000

20,000

500

1,000

3,000

1,000

28,000

i,0(;o

1,000

500
1,000

500
7.000
6.000
12,000
1,500
1.000
1,000
1,000
1.000
1,000

500
2,000
1.000
3,000
6,000
1.000
1.000

500

600

85,000

1,000

1.000

500
1,000

600
6.000
9.0no
8,600
5,000
1.000
1.000
1.900
21,000

600
1.000

92

REPORT OF THE
TABLE 13.— Continued.

Off. Doc.

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Sharman, W. E., _.

Sharp, Wm. A., II"""

Shomo, H. H., _"

Spatz, Jacob T.,

Spohn, Lewis E

4th St

Strohecker. H. A.^IIIIIirH S? N

Stump, Walter A., HIH"""'

Stump, Adam D.,

Stultzfus, H. H.,

Tw1^^"h^°-'xx-~--"--"---------! Mount Sunset,

Mount Penn, _

18 N. 4th St., Reading,

1208 Eekert Ave., Reading, ..

Mount Penn,

116J Mulberry St. , R€adTng7IIIIIII
Sinking Spring, No. 1, ._.

6,000
l.COO
1,000
600
600

. . Reading, 2,000

Robesonia, _ ^nn

Bemvllle. .„_ IIIIIIIII

Elverson, No. S, I Z'.l.

Thren, Mrs. E
Weoiich, D. R.

^'Hl'J^J^I^i SviioorDrstnc'trr-HIIII WeSe"v!l}e':

WernersvlUe State Asylum.
Zlon's Church, 1

imersville,
Werners ville,
Strausstown,

Totals,

600

1,000

1,000

10,000

l,OtX>

2,000

500

20,000

3,003

1,000

6,000"
600

6,000

1,000

1.000

600

600

2,000

600

600

1,000

1,000

10,000

1,000

3,000

500

25,000

3,500

302,000 I 30,000 , 392,000

2

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No. 10.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

93

TABLE 14.— SEEDLING SHIPMENTS FROM PENFIELD NURSERY.

PRIVATE PLANTING, 1916.
Species, Age and Number.

Kame.

Address.

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Bailey, W. D.,

Beitler, A. M

Drum, M. li.,

Goshen Rod and Gun
Club.

Guenter, Jos., Jr.,

Hummel, A. J.,

Homing, John,

Huston, S. F.,

Lehigh Valley Goal Co.,

Lewis, R. R.,

Lincoln, Mrs. Carrie, ._.

Lind, Prank A.,

Lowell, Thos. J.,

Mittenberger, W. G

Mumford, J. L.,

Philips, Edwin S.,

Roaring Creek Water Co.
Schadenberger, P. H., __
Schnell, August, -

T'lVSSGS

No . 750* Buifitt' Bldg . .'phil'a . ',

T,ewisburg,

Clearfield,

600
600
600

800

1,000
1,000

800

1,000

500

Smith, M. T.,

Snyder, Chas. W.,

Stephens, J. H., .

Turner, P. G.,

Union Outing dub,

Vail, Chester,

Woodside, H. L

Totals,

Coudersport, No. 5,

Bloomsburg,

Penfleld,

No. 509 Real Est. Trust
Bldg., Phila.

Snow Shoe,

Coudersport,

Laurelton,

No. 1601 16th St., Altoona, —

Penfleld. _

No. 41 McKinley Ave., Johns-
town.
Cambridge Springs, No. 2, _. 300

Kennett Square, _ 2,000

Shamokin, ; 8,000

Coudersport, 600

No. 175 N. Pairview, Lock 600
Haven.

Penfleld,

Cobum,

Johnstown,

Bruin,

DuBois,

New Milford, _

Bigler,

800
2,500

10,000 I

600 I

400 i 300

600

1,000
800

'""ioo'

1,000
2,000

600
500

100

4,000
1,000

2,000
18,600
2,720
2,000
3,000
260

41,370

600
2,720

500

"eoo"

22,420 i 1,400

200
1,000
2,000

600

600

8,000
260

14,260

1,000
600
500

1,000

2,400
2,500
1,600
2,000

2.000
10,000

600
2.000
1,500

600

600

3,C00

14,000

2,000

500

600
2.000
15.000
6.440
2.000
6.000

500

79,440

TABLE 15.-

SEEDLING SHIPMENTS FROM SMALL NURSERIES.
PRIVATE PLANTING, 1916.

Species, Age and Number.

Name,

Address.

Nursery.

White Pine.

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Bergerhoff, H.,

Henry, John

Kophler, Prank,

Seguine. J. A., ►

Williams, Hon. I. O. ,

Warner, Mrs., .
Enecht, Jasper,

Totals,

Canadensis.

Canadensis,

Stroudsburg, .

Cresco,

Royersford,

Mt. Pocono, ..
Cross Porks, ..

Pocono.

Pocono,

Pocono,

Pocono,

Pocono,

Pocono.

Die Bull. 600

GOO

150

80

^^_^^_

276

2,600

50

25

96

10

f.QOO

76

150
80

276

2.6.50

50

10
600

8,606

Fibre Fabric Co., Railroad. Pa.. Bladnrell Forest, 1.000 willow eattlnff.

94

REPORT OF THE

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DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

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96

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

TABLE 17.— PRIVATE PLANTING BY COUNTIES, FOR THE YEAR 1916.

Soedlings Furnished by the Department of Forestry.

County.

08

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Number ot Seedlings,

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Adams,

Allegheny,

Armstrong,

Berks,

Blair,

Bradford,

Bucks,

Butler,

Cambria,

Cameron,

Carbon,

Centre, _

Chester,

Clarion,

Clearfield,

Clinton,

Columbia,

Crawford,

Cumberland,

Dauphin,

Delaware,

Elk,

Erie,

Fayette,

Franklin,

Huntingdon,

Indiana,

Lackawanna,

Lancaster,

Lebanon,

Lehigh,

Luzerne,

Lycoming.

McKean,

Mifflin,

Monroe,

Montgomery,

Northampton,

Northumberland, —

Perry,

Philadelphia,

Pike

Potter -

Schuylkill

Somerset,

Susquehanna,

Tioga,

Union,

Warren, :. —

Wayne, -

Westmoreland,

Wyoming,

York, —

Totals,

4
3
2
109
5
1
6
4

10
1
2
12
9
1

14
4
4
3
1
7
8
1
1
2
8
2
4
2
5
8
1
6
4
8
1

18
0
4
4
3
4
8
13
4
2
2
4
2
8
1
8
1
1

7,430

3,440

7,000

326,800

31,100

200

1,500

11,440

111,525

1,000

916

27,900

3,850

20,000

22,800

12,700

37,200

8,503

3,aoo

25,200
6,100

^2^000*

7,500.

13,650

8,000

20,000

2,700

25,650

60

1,000

20,000

2,800

3,200

200

14,916

51,075

8,500

11,000

1,800

500

10,700

82,950

3,200

1,950

6,000

2,350

3,000

18,000

10,800

1,200

850

29,850

1

1

"5^060"

59,500
22,000

53,100

3,500
1,000 '

4,500

1,900

125

3^850"
6,500

35,500
i 500'

eoo'

i

23*850"

500

1

! 8,800

I

1

t

r""r7oo'

i 2.500

_

500
3,000
4,500
8.000

600

600

112,160 '

4,000

16,000 I '

1,100 I

33,000 I

700

800

5.000

814 1,034,600

313,075 I 78,250

28.350

7,430
8,440
7.000
442,900
64,100
200
7,900
11,440
111,650
1,000
4,765
34,400
39,350
20,000
23,300
13.200
37,200
8,500
3,600
49,550
6,100
3,800
2,000
7,500
13,650
8,000
21,700
5,200
26,150
3,660
6,500
28,000
2,800
3,200
200
15,415
163,225
12,500
27,000
2,900
33,500
10,700
82,950
8.200
1,960
6,700
3,160
8,000
18,000
10,800
1.200
850
29,860

1,454,276

No. 10.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

97

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Off. Doc.

TABLE 19.— SEEDLING SHIPMENTS FROM CLEARFIELD NURSERY.
■*■ . STATE FOREST PLANTING, 1916.

Species, Age and Number.

Forest.

Forester.

•

•

1

•

U|

m

^

>%

u

>t

Vl

«

>»

t»

*

X3

r-»

- O)

i

a

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P4

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d

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e

s

X3

<*
t

O

09

xi

o

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3

^

&

fk

SEi

N

n

OS

o

Black Forest,

Buffalo,

Hull. ■■

Kettle Greek

McElhattan,

Nittany,

SinnemaboninK.

Stuart,

Grays Run,

Totals,

R. R. Neefe,

A. O. Sllvlus,

G. 8. Perry,

M. E. Muller,

J. R. Hogentogler,.

L. G. Barnes,

H. E. Elliott,

V. M. Bearer,* —
A. B. Wells,

75,000

208,000

116,000

100,000

108,000

100,000

50.000

68.000

27,000

69,000 1,000

j 18,500

26.000 i

16.000

20.000

6.000

3,600

20.000

"ilioo'

5.800

T

T

1841,000 127,800 43,900 |5,S00

4,500

iTooo"

l.SOO

186,000

226,600

140.000

100,000

123,000

144,500

55,000

74,400

27,000

6.400 1,800 I 1,025.400

♦In addition the following seedlings were lost in transit:

White pine,

Scotch pine,

Pitch pine, —

21,000

20,000

14.000

Total,

65,000

aaim was made against lL7TaTtl^7e-T Ohio B^lii^'ad "oirmpany which settled by reemlttUig
the sum of ^7.47.

TABLE 20.—

SEEDLING SHIPMENTS FROM GREENWOOD NURSERY.
STATE FOREST PLANTING, 1916.

Species, Age and Number.

Forest.

Forester.

M

B

01

a

S3
O

CI

d

•

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•

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U

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as

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0

^

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as
♦»
O

Austin,

Blackwells,

Buffalo,

Greenwood,

Hopkins,

Jacks Mountain, —
McClure,

McElhattan,

New Bergen

Die Bull,

Pine Grove, —

Promised Land, — .
Totuig Womans Or,

Totals,

P. H.
J. W.
A. C.
T. O.
F. H.
W. J.
J. L.
J. R.
H. O.
T. H.
J. R.
R. W.
H. F.

Fox, _

Keller,

Sllvlus,

Bietsch,

Dutllnger,—

Bartschat,-

Witherow,--.

Hogentogler,

Van Horn,

Golden,

Williams, ..

Stadden, _.

Orltchley,—

... 150.00O*

86,000

10,000

'si'fioo"

30,000

25,000
73,000
50,000

"si^ioo'

40,000
90,000

10,000 I

! 8.900 12,400

52.000 i ' 15,000

20,000 j j -• —

' 8,000

487,600

, 160,000

10,000 80,000
12.400 ' 88,700
16,000 114,800

; 185, OOO

1 8,000

60,000
20,000
60,000
40,000
80,000

50.600 I 10,500 ! 1 i 8.000

20,000
19,600

6,0GO

133,800 i 82,600

68,400

86,400 46,400 i 844,000

lor roadside planting.

No. 10.

TABLE 21.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

99

-SEEDLING SHIPMENTS FROM MONT ALTO NURSERY.
STATE FOREST PLANTING, 1916.

Species, Age and Number.

Forest,

Forester.

•

European

•

•

•

09

Larch.

u

>.

»4

>t

>l

*

64

©1

a

a>

2

Oi

.

a

a

GQ

.

h

f^

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0)

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O
u
CO

Norwa

One ye

O

to

Is

O

H

Austin,

Bedford,

Black Forest, —

Blackwells,

Buchanan,- .

Buffalo,

Caledonia.

Hopkins,

Hull,

Kettle Creek. —

Lushbaugh.

Minisink,

Mont Alto.

New Bergen.

Nittany,

Ole Bull,

Slnnemahonlng,

Sizerville,

Stuart, ^

P. H.
W. L.
R. R.
J. W.
A. E.
A. C.
R. G.
P. H,
G. S.
M. E.
W. H
J. E.
L. E.
H. C.
Ij. G.
T. H.
H. E.
W. B
V. M,

5,000

6,000

"ilooo"

Fox, ; 50,000 I 35,000

Byers, I i 5,000 I '

Neefe, i 50,000 1 10,000

Keller, • 49.000 ' 1-

Rupp. i ! ! 8.500

Silvius. .__174.800 i j i [

Conklin. .. 50.000 ■ 1 1

Dntliuger, ' ! ; 1 1 5.000

Perry,

Muller, __.
. Horning, -
Avery,

Staley, .—

Van Horn,

Barnes, __

Golden. ._

Elliott. „

. Evans, _.

Bearer, —

Totals,

50,000
25,000
25,000
15.000
50.000
50,000
25,000
50,000
30,000
25,000
150,000

25.000

25.000

"is'&oo'

10.000
10,000
10,000

25,000 i

25,000 „..

9,000

90,000

5,000

05.000

49.000

6.600

174.800
50,000
5,000
50,000
25,000
25,000
15,000

100,000

100,000
25,000
65,000
40,000
85,000

169,000

868,800 IllO.OOO 1 28,500 I 15,000 | 9,000

22,600

1,058,900

Medix Forest, C. E. Zerby, 200 Calllornia Privet for ornamental planting.

TABLE 22.— SEEDLING SHIPMENTS FROM PENFIELD NURSERY.

STATE FOREST PLANTING, 1916.

Species, Age and Number.

Forest,

Forester.

M

White

Norway

>•

Pine.

•
»4

•

Spruce.

eo

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ft

*

et

f

Of

*

.

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o

^

i3

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1

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♦J

^

§

s

"as

•4-»

o

Buffalo.

Caledonia, —
Grays Run, .
K"ttle Creek.
Lushbaugh, _
McElhattan.
New Bergen,

P^nfleld,

Stuart,

Totals,

A. O. Silvius.

R. G. Conklin, ...

A. B. Woils

M. E. Muller,

W. H. Horning,-.
J. R. Hogentogler,
H. C. Van Horn, -

C. L. Kirk, 80,800

V. M. Bearer 50,000

; 88,000
' 26.600

20.000

'eo'ooo'

16,000 40,000 I

"""III "is'ooo' I II"~I

25,000 i 50,000

i 20,000»

,5.000 4,200 15,850

278,800 5,000 1182.700

88.000
_ 46.5C0

88.000

75,000

1183,000

! ! I 6,000

19,000 i I 69,000

23,100 20,000 10.000 158,450
26,000 • 75,000

190.100 20,000 lO.OOO 686,960

•14.400 Of these were too small to plant and were placed In transplant bed«.

I

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100

REPORT OF THE

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Off. Doc.

„

No. 10.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

101

TxVP»LE 24.— WJLLOW (H^TTINlJ SHIPMENTS FROM STATE FOREST
HOLTS. STATE FOREST PLANTING, 1916.

Porest.

Forester.

.

a

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From Mont Alto Nursery. , „„„

Buffalo - A. C. Silvius. _ — | ; 1,300

Medix ' "ir":::::::::::.:.: o. e. zerby i- 500

Penfleld ' C. L. Kirk. ; ! 5,000

Pine Grove' ! J. «• Williams, \ 33,000

3,300 i 300 i 4,900
i i 500

5,000 I I 10,000

i 4,000 i 37,000

From KishacoQuillas Forest. i _, .„ ^r« \ n n^ an :^^n.

Pine Grove, .- J- «• Williams, .J 53,550 ' 6,000 62,550

From Blackwell Forest. .

Buffalo. ' A. O. Silyus, — .

Pine Grove, J- R- Williams, ..

8,500*;.

2,000t 1 8,500

10,000 ' ! 10,000

Totals,

63,060 I 39,800

28,300 i 4,300

133.450

♦The original shipment was 14,500, all were in bad condition, the balance were not planted.
tThe original shipment was 4,500, all wore in bad condition, the balance were not planted.
Besides the above 80,000 more were cut from and planted on the Greys Run Forest.

t

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102

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

'SIB^OJ,

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DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

103

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DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

105

04

I t^

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100

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•B^uaoiaDiojaada

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'saoi)«)nR[d M3X

Number of

Seedlings

Planted in

•stjaaoiaoiojaaaH

'suo|:}e:)n8[([ /ao^

Number of
Plantings
Made for

's;adui33ioju3dH

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£

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n» 40
ll;tf 50

102 50

34 50

212 10
150 00

26 58
492 06

70 00

15 00

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DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY.

107

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TABLE 28.— STATE FOREST PLANTING FOR THE YEAR 1916. WILLOW

CUTTINGS :— Holts.

Species and Number.

State Forests and
Foresters in Charge.

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TABLE 39.— STATE FOREST PLANTING. WILLOW CUTTINGS IN HOLTS.
SUMMARY BY FORESTS, 1910-1917, INCLUSIVE.

Forest.

Year.

Bear Meadows, ._.

Black Forest,

Blackwells,

Buchanan,

Buffalo,

Caledonia,

Chatham,

Grays Run,

Greenwood,

Kishacoquillas,

Medix,

Nittany,

Pennypacker,

Penfleld, —

Pine Grove

Promised Land, —

Rothrock,

Slate Run,

Stone,

Stuart,

Tea Spring,

1911

1917 I
1911-15
1911-12 I
1916-17 I

1910 I

1911 ]
1912-14 t
1917 i
1911-17 I

1916 i

1917 I
1911-13
1916-17
1918
1915-17
1911
1911
1911
1917
1911

No. of
Cuttings.

2,000

17,000

;J5,000

4,000

33,400

4,000

2,000

22,750

18,700

164,950

500

63,000

6,500

10,300

109,550

111,150

5,000

500

1,800

4,000

1,000

Totals,

Total

Cost.

?8 56

34 95

115 13

10 99

112 20

23 18

9 62

115 62

68 C4

290 32

617,100

4 63

229 68

19 85

31 73

173 31

378 40

9 25

4 10
13 S7
15 10

5 35

$1 ,6?6 88

TABLE 40.— STATE FOREST PLANTING. WILLOW CUTTINGS IN HOLTS.

SUMMARY BY YEARS.

Year.

1910,
1911.
1912,
1913.
1914.
1915.
1916.
1917,

Totals,

No. of

Total

Cuttings.

Cost.

4,000

$26 18

16,800

85 22

24,000

46 70

8,300

34 81

13,750

98 23

33,950

104 38

133,950

251 56

382,850

1,029 80

617,100

P ,676 88

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TABLE 44.-LIGHTNJNG REPORT, 1912-1917 INCLUSIVE.

Species.

x:

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Chestnut,

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White Pine,

Rock Oak. _

Hemlock,

Red Oak,

White Oak, _

Black Oak, .._ """

Locust, ""'

Sugar Maple, .."I

Hickory

Scarlet Oak. '.'_

Gum.

Pin Oak, ...I.IIII

Red Maple,

Yellow Birch. _.

Wild Cherry, ..

Ash. ___

Linden. ___ "

Beech.

Walnut,

Tulip,

Elm. ll'.'.l".

Cucumber, I

Poplar,

White Birch, II"""

Red Pine,

Black Birch, . .

20,

1 I

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26
14

9
12
12
11

7

1

3

2

2

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1
1
1
2
1

1
1
1
1
1

Totals, _ J

41 ; 168

184
69
49
65
31
32
14
13
18
9
3

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79

74

68

47

27

33

4

10

10

7

7

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3

230
169
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73
66
40
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20
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12

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8

26

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1 2,553

TABLE 45. TREES STRUCK AND IGNITED, 1912-1917. INCLUSIVE.

Species.

1912.

1913.

White Pine |

Hemlock. *'

Chestnut. __

Pitch Pine, I

Sugar Maple,

Oak.

White Maple, ....I""!

Ash,

Birch l""~

Elm

7
3
4
2

Totals,

18

8
6
3
2

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1
1

1914. i 1915. I 1916. 1917. Totals

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A.

Aeadt^my, State Forest, l*nji:«'.

Applications for Vacant Land, ^?

Appropriations and Expenditures, Analysis of 74 7'^

Area of the State Forests, <4,75

Artificial Reforesting, '' ^ ''"'''!" ^'i ii! ^^^ i! i! ! Jl

Asaph Nui,,ery, ««

Asaph Nursery, Seedling Shipments, * ' ^^ ^

B.

Berks (Nmnty Conservation Association, seedlings distributed, . . m

Building Leases, ^

51

C.

Camp Leases

Camping Permits, • ^ ''' ^ ^ ^^ ^i '''!!*!;!!! i!! [i! ! ^

Clearfield Nursery, ' *

Clearfield Nursery, Seedling Shipments . . . . . . .' * .' * * «« OS

Commissioner of Forestry, Report of, ^'1-

Coiiimission, State Forestry Reservation, «

Construction of Buildings, ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ! ! ! ! ! 1 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 34

(Contents,

Contracts with Individuals and Corporations (See Leases), .......... ' 44

Contracts, Telephone,

Contracts, Game Commission, ... I-

Cost of Forest Protecti(m, 'J,

''^^^ ^>^ ^'^--tiu, :;::::::::::::::::::::::::::;:::: T^.ioil

D.

Distribution of S<'edling Trees,

(k>

E.

Educational Work

**************** •••••••• •••••••••■• ^y»

Expenditures, ^ . ^- -^

74,<5,7<

F.

Financial Statement. Department, 74

Financial Statement, Nurser.v, o«

Fires, Forest, Area, Damage and Cost 20

Fires, Forest, State forest land burned, •»2

Fixed Charges for Roads and Schools, ...!.. 168

Forest Areas, * - -

Forest Academy, State, «f>

Forest P^'ire Protective Associations 24

Fofest I»atroI Service, •>3

(173)

1

■

^'^^ INDEX. Off. Doc.

Forest Protection, I*®|^

l^'orost Protection, cost of, --

Forest Rangers, Pennsylvania State, .!..... .16 17 18

Forest Revenues and Expenses, * \^

Foresters, Pennsylvania State, 14 17 18

Foresters' Reports, condensed .!!!.. ' lei

Free Distribution of Seedlings, qq

G.

Game Commission, Contracts with »

German War, the Great, -^

Greenwood Nursery, ^„

Greenwood Nursery, Seedling Shipments, ......!..'.*!....* 88 98

urowth Studies and Records * ' * 'g-

I.

Illustrations,

Individual Seedling Shipments, 108 139

L.

Land Grant Applications

Land Purchases,

Leases,

^ V • 38,44

Bessemer Loam-Sand Co. , kq

Building Occupancy, ^^

Chambersburg

4(j

Columbia Flint Co

Federal Refractories Co., 4 .

Millard, E. F ..]............. 50

Mont Alto,

4o

New York Central R. R., ^

Sandusky Portland Cement Co., 48

Shippensburg, * .„

South Renovo, .^

Stevens, A. A., Spruce Creek Ballast, ........[. 49

Thomas Cronin Co., .^

United Ice & Coal Co., .........[.......... 49

Legal Affairs,

Legislation,

Letter of Transmittal, . ^

Lightning Report, ^^^

loU

M.

Mont Alto Nursery, Financial Statement, qq

Mont Alto Nursery, Seedling Shipments ............... ..(K) 91 99

S.

New Construction and Repairs, «.

Nurseries, State Forest, Summary of Shipments 94 102

Nursery, Asaph, Report on, , !!!!!!! AR

Nursery, Asaph, Seedlings shipped, **.*.*!!!!.'.'!.*!!!.**.'!*" 84

Nursery, Clearfield, Report on 1 !!!!!!!!!!! ! ftft

Nursery, Clearfield, Seedlings shipped, !!!!!!!....!.!!!! 86

^'"- 1^- INDEX. j^5

Nursery Greenwood, Report on, Page.

Nursery, Greenwood, Seedlings shipped, m

Nursery, Mont Alto, Report on fo

Nursery, Mont Alto, Financial Statement, ^

Nursery, Mont Alto, Seedlings shiiipcd, ' .* <^ ^

Nursery, Penfield, Seedlings shipped 93 90

Nursery, various small, Seedlings shipped, joo

Nursery Inventory,

156

O.

Observation Stations,

25

P.

Patrol Service, Forest Fire,

Penfield Nursery Shipments, Q^ 00

Permanent Camp Leases, ^ ' ^ ' ^ ' " ! ^ ! ' ! 1 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1 '38

Permits to Camp, Temporary

Planting, Cost of, ....'.'.'.['.'..'" 75

Planting, Private, by counties, '^

Planting, Private, Seedlings used in, '''.''.'*.' *84,'86*,88;^;91,*93,94, 108

Plantations, Heights of Trees in, ^^r

Plantations, Trees Living in, ' - '

Prosecutions,

Protection, Forest J^

Protection, Forest, Cost of !!!!.'.

Protective Associations, Forest Fire, [ * 94

Publicity, 53

n.

Rangers, Forest, Pennsylvania State, 16 17 18

Reforesting, Artificial, ' *' '

Repairs to Buildings, 04

Reports of State Foresters, condensed, 161

Revenues and Expenses by Forests, !!!!!!! 77

Rights of Way 53

Roads and Schools, Fixed Charges for, 168

/

S.

Sales, Timber, -^

Schools and Roads, Fixed Charges for 168

Seedling Shipments from Asaph Nursery _ * 84 97

Seedling Shipments from Clearfield Nursery gg

Seedling Shipments from Greenwood Nursery gg

Seedling Shipments from Mont Alto Nursery ' * * 90,91

Seedling Shipments from Penfield Nursery '93

Seedling Shipments from Small Nurseries, 93

Seedling Shipments, Summary, 94 102 137

Seedling Shipments to Individuals 108139

Seedling Shipments to State Forests, 128

Seedling Trees, Production and Distribution , 61 , 66

Seed Sowing, Direct, Experimental, gi

Seed Sowing, Direct, Summary by years, ^1

Seed Sowing, Direct, Summary by forests, 82

170

INDEX.

Ofle. Doc.

Page.

Seeds, Purchase and Disposal of, 78,80

Silviculture, HI

Silviculture, Artificial Reforesting, H(>

Silviculture, Asaph Nursery, 65

Silviculture, Clearfield Nursery, 66

Silviculture, (Jreenwood Nursery 65

Silviculture, Growth Studies and Records, 67

Silviculture, Mont Alto Nui-sery, 63

Silviculture, Mont Alto Nursery, financial statement, ihi

Silviculture, Seedlings Free I )istribution of, 6(>

Silviculture, Seedling Production, 61

Silviculturr, Stock an<l Toj^ographic Surveys, 68

State Forest Academy, 69

State Forest Land burned, 22

State Forest Planting, Asaph Shipments 97

State Forest Planting by spe<*ies, 105

Stat<' Forest Planting, (Mearfi«'ld shipments, 98

State Forest Planting, Direct Seed Sowing, 81 ,82

State Forest Planting, (Jrecnwood shipnu'nts, 98

State Forest Planting, Living Trees, 151

State Forest Planting, M«mt Alto shi|)ments, ; 99

State Forest Planting, Summary and Costs, 102,103,140,142,143,144,148

Stat<' Forest Planting, Willow Cuttings, 101,107,136,150

State Foresters' Reports, <*ondensed, 161

Sto<-k Surveys (i8

Surveys, 55

Surveys, Pike ('ounty Atlas 5(>

Surveys, Township Lines, 57

T.

Teh'jdione Contracts,^ 54

T<'lephone Lines, 25

Timber Sales 51

Bailey, O. L., 52

Campbell, Geo., 52

Chapman, ( Mydi' 52

• -s Culver, J . A. & Co., 51

' Hamilton, F. E., 52

Henry, Wm., 53

Meadow. E. ()., 52

Sober, C. K., 52

Woodward, F. B 53

Trees, Av(»rage Heights in Plantations, 155

Trees, Living in Plantations 151

Trees, Production of Seedling 61

Topographic Surveys, {)S

W.

War, The Great German, ' 18

Willow Cuttings from State Forest Helta, lot

Willow Cuttings shipi)ed to State Forests, 136

Willow Cuttings, Summary by Forests and years, 150 /(

/

tu

END OF YEAR

-^•A-