SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION oa Vrpa T PRINTING OFFICE. fue a fotied % Roi ORT or et WANG YY: ° SECRETARY OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION: YEAR ENDING JUNE SO, 1839. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1889. ey te vi tii? : REPORT OF S. P. LANGLEY, SECRETARY OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1889. To the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution: . GENTLEMEN: I have the honor to present the report upon the oper- _ ations of the Smithsonian Institution for the year ending June 30, 1889, together with the customary summary of the work performed by the _ Bureau of Exchanges, the National Museum, and the Bureau of Eth- nology. THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. THE BOARD OF REGENTS. As the Annual Reports of the Secretary are intended to present a history of the affairs of the Institution, it seems proper to state that by the appointment of the Hon. Melville W. Fuller as Chief Justice of the United States, the latter became ew officio a regent of the Institution, and that at the annual meeting of the Board of Regents, held on the 9th of January, 1889, he was unanimously elected its chancellor. The Hon. Levi P. Morton has become a Regent by his election as Vice-President, the holder of that high office being ex officio a Regent of the Institution. The terms of Senator S. M. Cullom, appointed March 23, 1885, and Senator R. L. Gibson, appointed December 10, 1887, having expired on March 3 of the present year, those gentlemen were re-appointed by the ny President of the Senate. The Board has lost from its number by death the Hon. S. 8. Cox, long connected with the Institution; but this event having occurred since the expiration of the year which forms the subject of this report, the re- -marks called out by this great loss will be more properly made in a later - communication. FINANCES. : -T have in my last report referred to the fact that owing to the chang- ing value of money, the purchasing power of the Smithsonian fund, in - the language of a committee of the Regents— while nominally fixed, is growing actually less year by year, and of less and less importance in the work it accomplishes with reference to 328A——1 1 ae oe Te REPORT OF THE | SECRETARY, ae? the immense extension of the country since the Gove 1 the trust ;” to represent the original position of its finances volaiaoLe i ‘thos se 0 the country and institutions of learning, and nothing has occurred i : course of the last year which does not rather increase than diminish oe force of such an observation. It is on the Congressional Regents that — the Institution must largely depend for making its wants known to. Congress, and with reference to the suggestion that the Smithsonian © fund should be enlarged by re-contribution from the Government as well ~ as from contributions from private individuals, I desire to repeat the remark of Professor Henry, made in 1872, to the effect that the Govern- ment, in equity, should then have paid the Institution $300,000 for the use of the present building. This building, erected wholly out of Smith- sonian funds, at the cost of over half a million dollars, has, with the © exception of a small portion, continued to be used rent free ve the Government ever since that time. I recall briefly in this connection the well known facts that the will of James Smithson was made on October 23, 1826, and that by an act of Congress approved July 1, 1836, the bequest was accepted, while under the act of August 10, 1846, a definite plan of organization was adopted, and that finally, by the act of February 8, 1867, the Regents were authorized to add to the Smithsonian fund such other sum as they might see fit to deposit, not exceeding, with the original bequest, the sum of $1,000,000. : The original bequest and the sums since added are as follows: Bequest of Smithson; 1846 )2- sos. y- sss a stl ete et ao ee $515, 169. 00 Residnary legacy of Smithson, 4867 -:.. 255.2440 oe oe: base soe ae ees . 26, 210. 63 Deposits from savings of income, etc., 1867 .--. --4060)5-6c5 cece epeeisees 108, 620, 37 Bequest of James: Hamilton,’ 1874 2.5.25... 5 2 os dsc ee ceceonsee ee aces 1, 000. 00 Beguest of Simeon Habel, 1680. .-.-) 2b ao. le ee 500. 00 Deposit from proceeds of sale of bonds, 1881......---.--.---+2---.----2- 51, 500. 00 Total permanent Smithsonian fund in the Treasury of the United States, bearing interest at 6 per cent. per annum.....-..-11.---. 703, 000. 00 he There may, therefore, be added to the fund nearly $300,000, on which — the Institution is entitled to receive 6 per cent. under the act of February, 1867, while it has received in bequests only the insignificant sum of $1,500. This is in striking contrast to the liberality which is understood to have endowed more than one American institution of learning within - this time with something like ten times the amount of the entire Smith- sonian fund. No institution in the country, it is believed, enjoys wider measure of public confidence or is more universally known, and it would seem that some action might well be taken to bring Henn facts before, e, those who are seeking a trustee for the disposition of means intone im for the advancement of knowledge. oe MS In this connection, however, it seems proper to invite the attention of the Regents to the circumstances of the bequest of J ames Hamilton, Hi ce, o : REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 3 tapho donated $1,000 to the Institution in 1874, the interest on which was * to be appropriated bi- ennially for a Bane piten. paper, or lecture on a ___-seientific or useful subject. Your former Secretary, Prof. Joseph Henry, in bis report for 1874, states that— _ «The first installment of interest on the Hamilton bequest has just been received, and will be appropriated in accordance with the will of the testator at the end of next yen, and so on continually at the end of every two years.” And he adds— “A statement of the manner of spending this income will be given in _ the accounts of the operations of the institution with due credit to the donor. His name will therefore appear from time to time in the annual- _ reports and thus be kept in perpetual remembrance.” Professor Henry continues, in this connection : ia “When the publie shall become more familiar with the manner in __ which the income of the additional bequests to the Smithsonian fund «is expended, with the permanence and security of the investment, and with the means thus afforded of advancing'science and of perpetuating the names of the testators, we doubt not that additions to the fund in ae this way will be made until it reaches the limit prescribed by law of ~ $1,000,000.” | Owing, perhaps, to the small amount of this bequest, the intent of _. the Secretary does not appear to have been fulfilled. No contribution, : paper, or lecture seems to have ever been furnished, biennially or other- wise, and with the exception of the exploration of certain bone caves, -mInentioned in the report of the Secretary for 1876, the income has remained unexpended. I shall have elsewhere to speak of the great loss the Institution has sustained in the death of Dr. J. H. Kidder, curator of exchanges; but I refer to it here only in connection with a bequest made by him, con- ___ stituting the Institution one of his residuary legatees. This bequest, ei the terms of which are still awaiting the consideration of the Regents, will be more properly described, in detail, after their action upon it, which can not well form a portion of the present report. At the beginning of the fiscal year the balance on hand of the income from the fund was $4,809.23. The interest has been $42,180, while from miscellaneous sources $3,760.53 have been received. The total expenditures have been $38,992.29, leaving on July 1, 1889, $11,757.47, a somewhat larger balance than usual, which has been retained to meet certain delayed expenditures and also for the above-mentioned pro- __ yision of the Hamilton bequest if the Regents see fit to give it effect. ‘The Institution is charged by Congress with the disbursement of _ _+sundry appropriations through the Secretary, as follows: Reo Ror ume eonaiees We uo A NT ee eae Le a $15, 000 . pmrmmameniCAlresearches) $2 2.0) 2a4. 125-5 bese ee eee ce ee yes eee encdees 40, 000 _ For preservation-of collections, National Museum..............---.------- 125, 000 | _ For furniture and fixtures, National Museum... ..-.-..---.. PAS ae SE 40, 000 For eating and lighting, National Museum.............-..-.--+-.------- 12, 000 . \ ees : upon by the Stee colmities of the Doane of Boventa: wi y t the latter appropriation are made under the direction of Major Po: ception of those tor ethnological researches. The disbursement The estimates prepared to. be submitted for the fiscal year ae June 30, 1889, were as follows: International 6xchanges oi .6voh eee us No ae Pe ae Hthnologieal, researches:,.22 22 pecicca twin wlowin - cplag ee eae dee ee a 50,000 | Preservation of \colections: 2-32 ohek isk. So senile Seu tee ae ~ 150, 000 Pirmitureand fixtures. Sule Shee NU aa. ae Renae Tk iS ce 40, 000. Heating and lighting: Solos fA Oey Be ier One 13,000 — For which Congress appropriated as follows: boii! Internationalexchangesi tse eo Uy eae eis Wek eh hetero 15, 000 | Bihnolomieal vesearches . 242 voi. 2. a2. je tae seve sees eine oa 40, 000 reserva bion,,0f collections. ae hi See 2 Was aus A en ae a 125, 000 RMT UTS UMN AT Rt B ese Mee SNEED A Ca ene ee ie Bae aU ae a 40, 000 HMeatinenand Lohtine 2 sb. g2 2 yO a ER SiS) oe 13, 000° Of the first of these items, that of international exchanges, urgent rep- resentations were made to Congress to the effect that though it had as- . sumed the charge of this, the expenditures of the Bureau (whose work largely consists of the transportation of Government documents) con- tinue to be met, in part, from the private fund of the Irstitution, but, as will be seen, no change in this respect has been made. The cecnanies prepared to be submitted for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1890, were as follows: International exchanges.—Twenty-seven thousand and five hundred dollars was asked for; the House committee reported $15,000; the Sen- ate committee $20,000; and the amount finally appropriated was 15,000. Nor th American Ethnology.—The appropriation asked for this service was $50,000. The House reported $40,000; the Senate made no change and the amount of the appropriation remained as reported by the House. Preservation of Collections, U. S. National Museum.—The appropria- tion asked for this service was $160,000. The House committee reported — $135,000; the Senate committee $145, 000. The amount finally aDDtg: priated was $140,000. Furniture and Fixtures, U. 8S. National Museum.—An estimate of $35,000 was submitted. The House committee reported $30,000; the Senate committee also reported $30,000 and this amount was appropri- ated. Heating and Lighting, U. S. National Museum.—The appropriation asked for this purpose was $12,000. This amount was agreed to by the House and Senate committees. There is a deficiency of $1, O00 oF | : the purchase of coal. Living Animals, U. 8. National Museum.—An estimate of $5,000 was submitted for this service. The House did not report the same. Postage-Stamps and Foreign Postal-Cards, U. S. National Museum.—An appropriation of $1,000 was asked for this service. ‘The same was reported from the Senate favorably, where it originated, and passed - the House. he Publications, U. 8S: National Museum.—An estimate of $15, 000 was: submitted for this service. The House reported $10,000 ; the Senate — ai REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 5 _ éommittee reported $12,000; and in conference the amount as reported i the House was agreed upon. In my last report I stated that it was desirable that the appropria- tions for the Museum should be made under the direction of the Insti- - tution, and no longer under the Department of the Interior, and I gave a correspondence with the honorable the Secretary of the Interior.upon -_ the subject. I am happy to state that the Secretary’s assent being given the appropriations were transferred by Congress to the care of the Institution, and are now disbursed under direction of the Regents by a disbursing clerk in the Institution, whose bonds have been accepted by _ the Treasury Department. os A detailed statement of the expenditures for the fiscal year 1889, a under appropriations for International Exchanges, North American Ethnology, and the National Museum is given in the report of Kos Ex- Aw ecutive Committee. BUILDINGS. It will be remembered that the Board of Regents in their meeting _ January 17, 1883, recommended to Congress the erection of a new building planned exclusively for museum purposes, and the steps taken in pursuance of their instructions were laid before the Regents in my i _ last report, but I regret now to be unable to report any further progress. ____The necessity for additional space for the storage of collections, inde- Re pendent of that demanded for exhibition purposes, is constantly be- coming greater, while the assignment by the last Congress to the Fish re Commission of the principal parts of the rooms occupied by the Mu- - seum in the Armory building has still further aggravated the crowded condition of the Museum exhibition halls and storage rooms, and I _ deem it my duty again to urge the necessity of the erection of a new _ building, if only for such requirements of storage as may be inferred ‘from the following statements: Since the erection of the present Museum building there have been nearly 14,000 accessions to the Museum, chiefly by gifts, such “ acces- sions” representing frequently collections, and the collections including, a in many cases, thousands of specimens. From the year 1859 to 1880 the accessions numbered 8,475. It is thus evident that during the last nine years the accessions have exceeded by more than 5,000 those of the __ previous twenty-one years. Among the more recent collections are several of very great extent, such as the bequest of the late Isaac Lea, of Philadelphia, which con- tains 20,000 specimens of shells, besides minerals and other objects; the Jeffries collection of fossil and recent shells of Europe, including 40,000 specimens; the Stearns collection of mollusks, numbering 100,- _ 000 specimens; the Riley collection of insects, containing 150,000 speci- mens; the Catlin collection of Indian paintings, about 500 in number ; the collection of the American Institute of Mining Engineers, for the « ' ‘ , A is ‘ fess ¥ awe : ] ayia lira Tey i May An! > eae pip yu » r i » = Lee sate Ne A 6 ) REPORT OF THE SECRETARY, ca Kaabsporiaton ot which to Washington several oigheeabe ae er ah Bo - quired; the Shepard collection of meteorites; the Wilson collection « y archeological objects, more than 12,000 specimens; the Lorrillard col. — lection of Central American aiignieel and very many others nearly fi as extensive. ‘ In addition to these are the extensive collections obtained at the close of the exhibition in Berlin, London, and New Orleans, the annually in- creasing collections transferred to the Museum by the U. 8. Geological Survey, the U. 8. Fish Commission, and the Bureau of Ethnology, be- sides numerous contributions resulting from Government expeditions as well as those made by officers of the Army and Navy, and other Government officials. The storage sheds contain many hundreds of boxes of valuable ma- terial which we have not room to unpack, and the great vaults under the Smithsonian building, and many of the attic and tower rooms are similarly crowded. The growth of several of the most important departments in the Museum is seriously retarded owing to the fact that no exhibition space is available for the collections, and that there is not even storage room where incoming material can be properly cared for. | The collection of birds, which so far as North America is concerned, is the finest in the world, and now numbers nearly 60,000 specimens, is very inadequately shown, and requires double the case room now avail- able. The collection of mollusks, which is one of the most complete in the world, and contains nearly 470,000 specimens, is at present almost en- tirely unprovided for. The collection of insects, now numbering over 600,000 specimens, is. so far as North America is concerned, equally perfect, but is practically without any exhibition space. The same is equally true in regard to the collections of birds’ eggs (more than 50,000 specimens), of reptiles (nearly 30,000 specimens), of marine invertebrates (more than 515,000 specimens), of invertebrate fossils (more than 160,000 specimens), and of fossil and recent plants (nearly 50,000 specimens). Many vale collections elsewhere than in Washinetee are at the | service of the Museum, but lack of space has compelled us to decline to receive them. It should be borne in mind that under the roofs of the Smithsonian s and the new Museum buildings are grouped together collections which, in London, Paris, or any other of the European capitals, are provided — for in different museums, for the accommodation of which a much larger number of equally commodious buildings is found needful. The necessity for additional space then is constantly becoming greater, © and there is the further reason that by the action of the last Congress the Armory building, assigned to the uses of the Museum in 1876, and REPORT OF THE SECRETARY, 7 tor several years past occupied in part by the U.S. Fish Commission, as a fish-hatching station, was assigned to this Commission for head- quarters. It has been refitted as an office building, and is now almost entirely relinquished by the Museum, four apartments on the third floor - being retained for the use of a part of the Museum taxidermists. From the inadequate exposition of our needs just made, it will be apparent that an extensive additional building is needed, if only for storage, and where purposes of immediate exhibition are not in ques- tion. Irrespective of the construction of this proposed building, however, I beg tourge the necessity of improving the lighting of the second floor of the main hall of the Smithsonian building, and more particularly the ‘indispensability of fire-proofing the- west wing, which I have already urged upon the attention of the Regents, and concerning the latter of which, one of their number, Senator Morrill, introduced a bill in the Senate on June 12, 1888, which is referred to in my last report, and on - which no further action has been taken by Congress. In regard to erections of minor importanee, it may be mentioned that it is intended to put up a small wooden building of one story, of a tem- porary character, immediately south of the main building, as a cover for the instruments, which at the same time will render it possible to make certain observations pending the building of the proposed physi- cal observatory, and this is more particularly alluded to under the fol- lowing head of Research. RESEARCH. In my last report I spoke of the preparations made by the late Secre- tary for securing an astro-physical observatory and laboratory of re- _ search, and I mentioned that through his action some friends of the - Jnstitution had already offered to give the means for the erection of the simple structure needed for the accommodation of such a special ob- _servatory. I added that the site would necessarily be suburban on ac- count of the special need of seclusion and the absence of tremor in the soil. I have elsewhere referred to the collections of the Institution in con- nection with the purchase by Congress of a zoological park, which it would appear to have been the first intent of Congress to place under the care of the Regents. It had been my hope in that case to place this observatory somewhere in the park, but in view of the long delay which _ has already arisen, and of the indefinite further delay which may occur, I have thought it better to put a wooden structure of the simplest and most temporary character in grounds immediately south of the Institu- tion, although this site is quite unsuitable for a permanent building. Such a shelter will probably be erected before the coming winter, and will, while serving as a store-house for the apparatus, enable observa- tions to be commenced. Institution been regarded as one of its most important fun _ the proper object of the personal attention of the Secretary; ai _ be very glad to do something in this direction on the most ean se rather than incur the chance of indefinite further delay. meant In this connection I desire to say that a valuable collection of rece * constructed apparatus, most of it exactly suited to the wants of ‘the | f proposed laboratory, and which was the property of the late hei id ips Thaw, of Pittsburgh, has been, by his wish and the consent of his: ex: ecutors, loaned to the Institution for use in this direction. _ of Comparatively few of the collections of the Institution or of the wrasse have reference to the physical sciences. The apparatus collected by Pro- fessor Henry, together with some few archaic instruments illustrating — the early history of methods of precision which I have added, are now ~ being placed in the south hall of the main building, and it will gratify me to see this lead-to accessions in illustration of the history of research in all branches of science. EXPLORATIONS. The Smithsonian Institution has during the year enjoyed the valu- able assistance of several persons who have expressed their willing- ness to prosecute special researches in its behalf, or have generously offered to allow the Museum to share in their results. In embracing these opportunities it has been the policy of the Insti- tution to endeavor to obtain information and, when possible, to secure specimens, in regard to subjects in which the Museum collections were most deficient, and thus to fill some of the most important gaps in special collections rather than to obtain large collections of miseel- laneous material. : Mr. Talcott Williams, of Philadelphia, visited the northern part of Africa early in the present year, and, before going, kindly offered tomake special inquiries in regard to the civilization of ole modern Arabs and the natural history of the region, and to collect, if possible, linguistic specimens. It was his intention to journey direct to Tangiers, thence to Fez and Mequinez, continuing, if time permitted, as far as Mogador and Morocco. Mr. Williams is familiar with the Arabic language, : which will greatly facilitate his investigations in that country. The re- gion has rarely been visited by naturalists, and the Smithsonian Insti- tution will no doubt obtain very important information, and probably also some valuable collections. The special studies to which Mr. Will- iams intends to devote himself are botany, geology, and archeology. At the time of his arrival the North African flora was in flower, so that — his opportunities in the first direction were excellent. The geology of Northern Africa is poorly represented in the National me. and a 4 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 3 _ sonian Institution, however, is the archeology of this region, and it is to this that Mr. Williams has been requested to chiefly direct his atten- _ tion. It is his intention to visit El Kutel, one of the most striking om monolithic remains in Northern Africa, and other ruins of equal inter- i est. Photographs and measurements will be obtained, for which pur- ‘ pose a photographic outfit has been furnished to Mr. Williams, who is thoroughly competent to conduct investigations of this kind. The ie Smithsonian Institution has also provided an outfit of instruments for a> taking observations of temperatures and altitudes, and he has been - Tequested to obtain musical instruments of all kinds, as far as the lim- ited sum of money placed at his disposal from the Museum fund will enable him to purchase them. News has already been received of Mr. Williams’s arrival in Africa. _ He has secured acomplete series of musical instruments, from the rudest : whistle to stringed instruments of skillful manufacture. In each in- stance the native names and names of the parts have been ascertained, a the proper pitch of each string taken, and a native melody, as played -_ on each kind of instrument, has been noted in our musical notation. : : He has also succeeded in obtaining a varied collection of objects illus- trating the domestic life of the people. ve Mr. W. W. Rockhill, of the German legation of Pekin, has for several __—-years made himself familiar with the customs of the natives of Thibet, and having recently undertaken a journey through that country, will . _ make a special study of the ethnology of the region. He has been supplied by the institution with a barometer and other instruments _. desired by him for his journey. His-previous investigations have re- sulted in an exceedingly valuable collection of objects illustrating the religious practices, occupations, and amusements of various peoples in different parts of China, Thibet, Turkestan. Dr. James Grant Bey, who some years ago established a sanitarium in Cairo, Egypt, and attended the International Medical Congress held in Washington in 1887, became much interested in the work of the National Museum, and has since his return to Egypt devoted his leisure - . time to special studies of the arts of the ancient Egyptians. Several __ valuable collections have already been received from him. - During the summer, the Bureau of Ethnology decided to send Mr. Jeremiah Curtin to Hoopa Reservation in California for the purpose of studying the languages and mythology of the tribes of Indians inhabit- ing the reservation. The Smithsonian Institution was fortunately en- __ abled to secure the assistance of Mr. Curtin in investigating their arts ___ and industries also, and a small sum of money was placed in his hands # < _ for the purchase of objects of Indian manufacture. Dr. John M. Crawford, U. S. consul-general at St. Petersburg, has yy _ kindly offered to allow the National Museum to participate in the results of his ethnological researches in Russia and Finland. Dr. Crawford is well known in the United States as a philologist and a student of Scan- ane | REPORT. OF THE SECRETARY. ll Pay 8 G8. Pee RE - \) ¥ a - : a SUEY the Finish epic ‘‘ The ‘Kalevi aaae 3 Oi) am potiteacie as onsite , at St. Petersburg was made with a special view to enable him to. carry on his studies of the traditions and antiquities of the Finish race and related peoples. He has offered to make collections for the National Museum, and in order to facilitate his work, the Smithsonian Institu-. tion has provided him with letters of jntpduenee to several of its cor- respondents in Russia and Finland. These will no doubt be of great service to him in enabling an to carry out the object: whieh he desires to further. Rev. Frederick H. Post, an Episcopal clergyman of Salem, Oregon, has recently undertaken missionary work in Alaska, and has taken up his residence at Anvik, on the Yukon River. He has entered into cor- respondence with the Smithsonian Institution, and has offered to col- lect information relating to the tribes of the Upper Yukon. He has also proposed to make meteorological observations at Anvik. This offer has been referred to the Signal Office. It is probable that an out- fit of alcohol, guns, and ammunition will be sent to Mr. Post next year to enable him to collect the mammals and birds of that region. Lieut. J. F. Moser, commanding the U. S. Coast Survey steamer Bache has continued his explorations for the Museum, and has trans- mitted a collection of fishes, mollusks, insects, and marine invertebrates from the vicinity of Cape Sable, Bieaa, Prof. O. P. Jenkins, of De Pauw University, Indiana, has made arrangements to visit the Hawaiian Islands for the purpose of col- lecting fishes, and has expressed his intention of presenting a duplicate series of specimens to the National Museum. The Smithsonian Institu- tion has supplied him with seines and has furnished him with a letter of introduction to the curator of the national museum in Honolulu. Ensign W. L. Howard, U. 8. Navy, has kindly offered to collect zoological and ethnological material in Alaska, and has been supplied with collecting apparatus and supplies for use in trading with the In- dians. A large outfit of tanks, bottles, and alcohol was supplied to Mr. W. A. Stearns, of Cambridgeport, Mass., for use in collecting specimens of natural history in northern Labrador. No collections have yet been ' received from him. PUBLICATIONS. Under an arrangement made by the late Secretary, Prof. E. D. Cope was engaged at the time of my last report in completing and preparing for publication an investigation upon the Reptilia and Batrachia of North America, which has been in progress, under the direction of the Smithsonian Institution, for more than twenty years. The monograph on the Batrachia, mentioned in my last report as having been received, is now in type, though not yet published, but that on the Reptilia is still — OS Age REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 11 - delayed. I have positive assurance from Professor Cope that it will be ¢ ~ eompleted within the present year, but the expense entailed in the pub- lication has continued to prove far greater than the late Secretary had 4 es anticipated, and [ am sorry that the expectation of its completion dur- ing the past year has not been fulfilled. __, T have referred in my last report to the demand for greater economy in publication, and to the probability that some change would be re- quisite in the form of the annual reports. It will be remembered that b 2): the Smithsonian Institution has three classes of publications: __- The Contributions to Knowledge. The Miscellaneous Collections. The Annual Reports. iy A brief review of the past and present condition of each of these ae publications may here be made, with special reference to the latter, P For details concerning these different classes, and for the matter . actually presented under each, reference may be made to the appendix. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge.—The first work of original re- ‘search published by the Institution was the well-known treatise by Messrs. - Squier and Davis, in 1848, on Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi | Valley. This was the commencement of the quarto series entitled _ Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge,” which now numbers twenty-five volumes. This series is designed to record the results of original research, offering positive additions to haman knowledge, either undertaken by agents of the Institution or encouraged by its assistance. _ Im general character these contributions correspond somewhat with _ the more elaborate transactions of learned societies. From causes briefly adverted to in my last report, original memoirs deemed worthy of a place in this series have been much rarer in later years than in the earlier portion of the Institution’s history. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections.—In 1862, a second series of pub- lications was commenced by the Institution, in octavo form, with the Meteorological and Physical Tables of Professor Guyot, under the title - of “Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections.” This series embraces papers or treatises of a more practical character than those of the Con- tributions, including résumés of existing knowledge in special depart- meuts, systematic lists or classifications of species in the animal, botanical, or mineral kingdoms of nature, tabular collections of natural constants, scientific bibliographies, and other summaries, of value to the students of physical or biological science. These collections now number thirty-three volumes. Among the subjects heretofore included in this series have been the proceedings or transactions of several scientific societies of Washington {the Philosophical, the Anthropological, and the Biological), which were organized under the auspices of officers of the Smithsonian Institution. ‘To phuinha their usefulness the stereotyping of their several pablished BLL REPORT. ‘oF THE bisa A societies having now severally attained a es sauna pee self-s porting condition of active membership, it has been thought that th publications are accordingly no longer cianevinmen by the Institution, Ae Ate included in its issues. si ; The Bulletins and Proceedings of the U.S. National Mell pab: lished by an appropriation of Congress, have also been heretofore re- < printed by the Institution ard this supplementary edition has occupied “ five volumes of the Miscellaneous Collections. It has been decided in like manner to hereafter omit these publications from the series. Baur: Smithsonian Annual Reports——A provision of the act of Congress or- ganizing the Smithsonian Institution (Revised Statutes, Title 73, See. 5593) requires that ‘‘the Board shall submit to Congress at each ses- sion thereof a report of the operations, expenditures, and condition of the Institution.” These annual reports have been accompanied with a “ veneral appendix,” giving summaries of lectures, interesting extracts _ from the correspondence, and accounts of the results of explorations undertaken by the Institution or aided and promoted by it, as well as of new discoveries in science. In the annual report for 1880 and the following years my lamented predecessor undertook to give a more systematic character to the history of discoveries, by engaging a num- ber of able collaborators in various fields of knowledge, to furnish a gen- eral summary or record of scientific progress for the year. Appropri- ate as the scheme appears, it has not been found to work as satisfacto- rily as is desirable, and as had been hoped for. It has seldom been possible to collect as complete summaries as were originally contem- plated; and the delay of publication deprives the record of much ofthe ~ freshness and interest it would otherwise possess, while in all these the rapid increase of scientific literature demanded such a corresponding increase in the corps of reporters and such a correlatively increasing expenditure as the fixed Smithsonian fund was growing quite unable _ to afford. It will be remembered that of this appendix there are dis- i tributed through members of Congress as many as 9,000 copies, form- ane ing the larger part of the whole edition, and that it is thus incumbent. . on us to observe that it reaches a large class of readers unable to follow the work of 4 Sosccnnenres in original memoirs. Ft ur ‘ ia <1. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 13 - to be readily apprehended by readers fairly representative of the intel- - ligent and educated class among the constituents of the members of - Congress, by whom they are chiefly distributed. ny a meats ) ’ : If, as Lhave already suggested, Congress sees fit to make a small appropriation for the editing as well as the publication of this appen- dix, so as to enable it to include, for instance, information relative to the progress of scientific discovery and its useful application in the - United States, such a record would bein keeping with the objects of this Institution, and would maintain for this report the popularity and the educational character just referred to, while promoting industrial interests in the country. In this connection I beg to repeat the remark that it would be de- sirable to have the supplementary matter of the report placed under a special clause for the avoidance of all question as to the ‘ necessity - and entire relation to the public business” of such information, a ques- tion which has arisen by the construction given by ae BAblie Printer | to the act of Congress of August 4, 1886. Publications of the National Museum.—These publications (already referred to as being issued by Government appropriations) comprise _ two series: First, the ‘Proceedings of the National Museum,” consist- ing of short essays giving early accounts of recent accessions, or newly ascertained facts in natural history, and promptly issued to secure the earliest diffusion of the information, of which series ten annual volumes _ have now been issued; and secondly, the “Bulletins of the National Museum,” consisting of more elaborate memoirs relative to the collec- tions, such as biological monographs, taxonomic lists, etc., of which series thirty-six numbers have been issued. These bulletins vary greatly in size from pamphlets of fifty pages to works of many hun- dred pages. Publications of the Bureau of Ethnology.—The principal publication of this Bureau is the “Annual Report.” This series consists of large royal octavo volumes, detailing researches relative to the aborigines of North America, handsomely printed and illustrated with numerous cuts and _ lithographic plates. The fifth Annual Report has been issued during the year, and the series may be referred to, as at the same time credita- ble to the Government and as fitted to engage public attention by mat- _ terof an interest beyond what is ordinarily found in any Government ~ document, Distribution of Smithsonian Publications.—It is manifestly impossible _ for the Institution, with its fixed and limited income, to keep pace in its issues and their distribution with the increase of popular interest in scientific productions. The ordinary edition of 1,500 copies of each of the Smithsonian publications which has been produced from the be- _ ginning, cannot be enlarged without seriously impairing the efficiency interested in “adibatiite UORAO LS has Gennnee the adoption of more. yen mal regulations to secure the most judicious application of the available stock of publications. These are presented, first, to those learned socie. | ties of the first class which give to the institution in return complete sets of their own publications; secondly, to colleges of the first class furnish- ing catalogues of their libraries and students, and publications relative to their organization and history ; thirdly, to public libraries in this country having 25,000 volumes; fourthly, in some cases to still smaller libraries, especially if po other copies of the Smithsonian publications are given in the same place and a large district would be otherwise un- supplied; lastly, to institutions devoted exclusively to the promotion of particular branches of knowledge, such of its publications are given as relate to their special objects. , These rules apply chiefly to distri- bution in the United States. The number sent to foreign countries, under somewhat different conditions, is about the same as that distrib- uted in this country. A small number of copies not pihebwise disposed of has been usually reserved for sale; although such returns have of course contributed but little toward the cost of production. As an experiment (which had been tried in the early history of the institution), I have placed a small edition of one of our works in the hands of a large publishing house, the well-known firm of MacMillan & Co., of London and New York. The work selected for this purpose is the newly revised ‘tables of specific gravity for solids and liquids,” by Prof. F. W. Clarke, Chemist of the U. S. Geological Survey. This being a valuable work of refer- ence for all practical chemists, as well as for many others, was thought to be a very suitable subject for trial as to its commercial success. An edition of 1,000 copies having been reserved for the regular gratuitous distribution, 500 copies were prepared with the imprint of Messrs. MacMillan & Co. on the title page, to be disposed of as one of their own publications, and by their regular business methods. Facilities afforded to others—A few instances of assistance in the direction of printing, etc., granted in special cases, may here be men- tioned. The widow of Dr. Asa Gray having about 80 imperfect copies - on hand of her husband’s “ Flora of North America,” desired, in order — to complete her sets and render them available for sale, a correspond- s ing number of covies of the first part of the second volume. The re- quest was cheerfully complied with, and Messrs. Wilson & Son, of — Cambridge, Mass., were authorized by the Regents to print the desired: small edition at the expense of the Institution. Prof. M. W. Harrington, of Ann Arbor, Mich., made application for: the use of the stereotype plates of Professor Henry? Ss meteorological - “A “bh tas REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 15 i essays (included in his published scientific writings), with a view to the publication of a cheap popular edition of this treatise. In the belief _ that such a republication would be in the interests of science and its wider diffusion, permission to use the plates was readily granted. A similar request was made by Dr. George H. Horn, of Philadelphia, _ who, as joint author with the late Dr. John L. Le Conte of a work of 600 pages on the “ Classification of the Coleoptera of North America” (pub- lished by the Institution in 1883, and aow out of print), desired the use of the stereotype plates, from which to print an edition of the book. This request was also favorably entertained, and the privilege sought was conceded.— _ The Highth International Congress of Orientalists, appointed to be held at Stockholm and at Christiania, in September, 1889, solicited through its officers the co-operation of the Smithsonian Institution. In furtherance of its laudable aims the Institution undertook to print and distribute in this country 1,000 copies of its circular of announcement and information. . In compliance with the request of Mr. Sylvester Baxter, secretary of the Hemenway Expedition of exploration, the privilege of the Smith- sonian exchange system was granted for the distribution of the report of the expedition, giving an account of its researches in the Southwest. These various allowances are believed to be in the spirit of the Smith- sonian foundation, and of its ancient maxim—“ Co-operation, rather than rivalry or monopoly.” Storage of the Smithsonian Stereotype Plates.—The stereotype plates of the Smithsonian publications now constitute a very large collection, and as the printing of the works had been done in various cities, as appeared most economical or convenient, a considerable portion of this _timaterial had been stored in Boston, and especially in Philadelphia. As the fire-proof renovation of the eastern portion of the Smithsonian building furnished a safe and suitable depository in the basement rooms, _ these plates have now all been collected within its store-rooms. ~ THE SMITHSONIAN EXCHANGE SYSTEM. The international exchange system was established early in the history of the Institution, at first purely as a channel for the interchange of scientific publications and specimens, and therefore as a direct means _ for “the diffusion of knowledge,” a means which has proved to be a _ great benefit to the scientific institutions of the world, and incidentally to Congress in building up the unequalled collection of works of refer- ence deposited in its Library. = _ Of late years, however, the Government, having assumed the charge _ of this system, has made the Institution its agent not only for this ae scientific distribution but for the much larger distribution of the publi- cations of the United States Government abroad, and also for the re- ceipt and transmission to the Library of Congress of the publications ministration of this department the best interests of te Governm as well as those of the Institution are seriously suffering. = = = - In reviewing the past year it is necessary to mention first of all it serious loss in the death of Dr. Jerome H. Kidder, which however has been more fully referred to elsewhere. At the date of his death, which occurred on the 6th of April, 1889, owing to the efficient condition of — the division due to the hearty co-operation of all in it with the labors of its lamented chief, the office was free from any parcels whatever, and was ready to close its book accounts completely for the first time. I regret to record, also, the death on June 17, 1889, of Mr. George Hill- ier, Superintendent of the New York Custom-House. Mr. Hillier had for more than thirty years attended to the transmission of Smithsonian ex- change packages, rendering the Institution most valuable and efficient service without compensation. In response to a request made to the Secretary of the Treasury, Mr. Quackenbush, chief entry clerk of the New York Custom-House, has been designated to receive and transmit cases addressed to the Smithsonian Institution in future. Dr. Kidder was succeeded as curator of exchanges by Mr. William C. Winlock, who was appointed May 15,1889. The curator’s report to the Secretary, containing the usual statistics for the fiscal year, will be found in the appendix. In order to convey an idea of the present magnitude and character of the exchange transactions it may be stated that during the year, 17,218 packages were mailed to correspondents in the United States and 693 boxes, containing 58,035 packages, were shipped to our agents abroad for distribution to rorhespndcnie in nearly every civilized nation of the | earth. The total number of packages received was 75,966, of which — 34,996, or nearly one-half, were governmental exchanges.* The services ofelevent clerks and packers have been required in handling and account- ing for this material and in conducting the extensive correspondence that such a business involves. The societies and individuals upon the exchange list now number 13,130. The entire expense of “ le feos, exchanges” for the fiscal year was $17,152.10. Of this sum $15,000 were appropriated directly by Congress, $1,363.54 were repaid by several of the Government Depart- : ' *It should be noted that almost from the very beginning of the exchange system the publications of several of the scientific bureaus of the Government were volun- “y tarily transmitted by the Smithsonian Institution; but it was not officially ae nated for the service till 1878. +It is not superfluous to repeat that these are engaged in addition to the proper personnel of the Institution, the services of whose officers are given without charge. t The items $2,329.99, under the head of expenditures for exchanges, ¢ and $2,189 tures made on account of the preceding fiscal year. ‘REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 17 ments to which appropriations had been granted for payment of freight on publications sent abroad through the Institution, leaving a deficit of $788.56, which was paid from the Smithsonian fund. _ With reference to this deficiency let me observe that in the history of the Government’s connection with the exchanges three periods may be distinguished. The first was in 1867 and 1868, when, after twenty years of useful work in the interests of knowledge, anew duty was imposed upon the service by acts of Congress* which established for the benefit of the Congressional Library an international exchange of works pub- lished by the Government and made the Smithsonian Institution the agency for this exchange. The second was in 1878, when the Institu- tion was distinctly recognized} by the Department of State as the agent of the United States in the exchange of all Government publications (including exchanges for the benefit of Bureau libraries) and also in the exchange between learned societies. The Institution possessed unequalled experience and facilities for such work, and though the new class of books brought to the exchange department was partly foreign to its original object, the propriety of its assuming such a service, if the Government’s interest could be pro- _ moted by this experience, isevident. It certainly, however, was not to have been anticipated that the Institution should conduct a purely ad- minis trative work of the General Government out of its private funds, as it appears to have done for thirteen years, from 1868 to 1881, when the first appropriation of $3,000 was made by Congress. In the actt of March 3, 1881, making this appropriation it appears to have been the intent of Congress to apply the amount indifferently to all exchanges, whether to those which it undertakes for the Library of Congress, to those of Governmental bureaus, or to other literary and * Statutes at Large, vol. 14, p. 573, Thirty-ninth Congress, second session, resolution 5d. Statutes at Large, vol. 15, pp. 260,261, Fortieth Congress, second session, resolu- tion 72. tLetter from Hon. Wm. M. Evarts, Secretary of State, to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Annual Report for 1881, p. 785. t‘‘International exchanges, Smithsonian Institution, 1882: For the expense of exchanging literary and scientific productions with all nations by the Smithsonian Institution, $3,000 (act March 3, 1881).” This was changed in 1883 to the follow- ing: ‘International exchanges, Smithsonian Institution, 1883: For expenses of the international exchanges between the United States and foreign countries, in ac- cordance with the Paris convention of 1877, including salaries and compensation of all necessary employés, $5,000 (sundry civil act August 7, 1882),” and in 1886 it again was changed to ‘“ International exchanges, Smithsonian Institution, 1886 : For expenses of the system of. internatioual exchanges between the United States and foreign countries, under the direction of the Smithsonian Institution, includ- ing salaries or compensation of all necessary employés, $10,000 (sundry civil act March 3, 1885).” 328A—_—2 ie is 14 S Mi Tags ON thy Ue ; VA we hy my 6: | ee a _ REPORT. or THE SECRETARY, scientific objects, thus constituting a third change? in hehe ‘ the Smithsonian to the Government i in regard to the paar 70S i ae mental” exchange (the Congressional and Depasineiien for i and | 1880, shows that about $20,000 were paid from the Smithsonian funds — for handling Government property alone. Regarding the whole exe 9) pense of international exchanges since 1881 as a charge on the Govern- ment, the entire amount paid out of the funds of the institution on ae count of the Generul Government is somewhat over $50,000, exclusive — of office rent and minor expenses. In the report that I had the honor to submit to the Board of Regents at their last meeting the expenses and needs of the exchange depart- ment were dwelt upon at some length, and it was stated that a revised estimate of $27,050 had been submitted through the Secretary of the Treasury for the purpose of meeting the expenses of contemplated im- provements in the service during the fiscal year 188889. The amount finally appropriated was $15,000, an increase of only $3,000 over the sum appropriated for the year preceding. As I have already remarked, in spite of efforts for an economical and efficient administration of the department, slow transportation and free ocean freight, this was $2,- 152.10 less than the service actually cost, and the interests of both the Government and the Institution suffer from the entire inadequacy of | the appropriation. Although all of the Government bureaus that have occasion to trans- mit their publications through the Institution are not provided with funds available for defraying the cost of the service, it seems to have been the intention of Congress that its specific appropriation for the exchange business should be supplemented by special appropriations to ‘some of the bureaus and departments of the Government, so that the charge of 5 cents per pound weight imposed by the regents in 1878 might be met by them. The average amount annually repaid to the In- stitution in this way during the past eleven years has been about $1,400, and does not represent all the cost to the Insti bution which has been made up from its private fund. It has been repeatedly urged that this procedure, for which sufficient . reasons existed at the time of its adoption, may now be discontinued as no longer advantageous or economical, ph By the present system the cost of the service is actually larger thane appears in the specific appropriations for exchanges, and as the specia] — iy appropriations to the different departments vary from year to year, and | are often omitted altogether, a burden which can not be accurately fore- seen continues to be iopeaet upon the Smithsonian fund. yi Sy hering thereto. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 19 In order to effect the change contemplated, that is, to collect in a single item the entire appropriation for international exchanges and at the same time to make allowance for a needed compensation to the ocean steam-ship companies for freight and for like necessary expenses, tending to secure to the United States a return of many times what they now receive from foreign governments, with a prompt delivery, an estimate of $27,500 was submitted for the fiscal year 1889~90. It should be premised that only about one-third of the Government’s publications are actually received from the office of the Public Printer and elsewhere for transmission abroad, and that while special applica- tion on our part might call out the remainder, we can not undertake to do this while only partly paid the actual outlay for the portion we earry already, while a sufficient appropriation to justify the employ- ment of a special exchange agent in HKurope, as has been frequently and earnestly recommended by the Librarian of Congress, would bring back in return probably about eight times what we now receive. Ac- cordingly, in the subjoined estimate of what could be done if Con- gress paid the actual cost of efficient service (the services of the officers of this Institution being given without charge), more packages eupess under the new plan than under the old. Statement of exchanges during the fiscal. year ended June 30, 1889, together with estimates for proposed new departure. I, Amount of exchanges sent abroad. New Old plan : ‘399 |plan (esti- 1888-89. mated). MPa ester eRe 0 A) bs oho a NS Ys tes bats a iar gies Weiasys yeu 22, 673 40, 000 EME RM EMC TI Use yee ery. aves ona CARE MOAN en) Ped BOs Sead 2, 998 30, 000 DUB MreMEeMOPEEM AGO of) 8 ee hse. oes ael 32, 364 35, 000 58,035 | 105, 000 The receipts from abroad would then probably be more than double. Il. Time.—Average time in transit to western Europe. Slow freight. Fast | freight. Extremes. | Average. | Days. | Days. | Days. SN eo a 47 to Ql | 37 | 16 WUrmiany, ......... “wh aN Hp Sih i Sele NN Mi lis ESR 47 to 30 | 36 15 MT Rah Fi es us MA Sid otter ota ch fees 47 to 24 | 36 | 7 20. - REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. ate | “ follows: : Salaries vo os ce echoes Be AL as eat Leni aN LS SS a Pe 3S Transportation : From Washington to sea-board .... 2.222. ioe ee eee ew ene Ocean fretoht ses fe NSS eek owe Naa se ee eran From point of debarkation to destination ..........-.....--.-.-. ORES ee hey ee eR meee AO ee Scie ee ae a Sr No increase, howeve?, over the amount appropriated for 188788 ($15, 500) was granted, and it is probable that the deficiency for the - coming year will be at least $2,000. Recurring now to one of the effects of the insufficient appropriations the writer repeats that there are too many and too great delays in the transit of packages sent by international exchanges. These delays do not occur in the office at Washington, nor in those of the agents of the Institution at London and Leipzig. They are due, broadly speaking, to the fact just stated, that the Institution has not the means to pay for — rapid transit on land or sea, and that for what it obtains on the latter it is dependent upon the courtesy of several ocean steam-ship com- panies, with the natural result that the free freight is often delayed to make room for that which is paid for. A subordinate cause, however, lies in the apathy or indifference, or possible insufficient clerical force, of most of the foreign exchange bureaus. The employés of the bureau are paid much lower salaries than simi- lar services command in other branches of the public service, and the Government pays no rent for the rooms in which they labor, in which even the office furniture forms a part of the charge on the private funds of this Institution. The convention between the United States of America, Belgium, Brazil, Italy,’ Portugal, Serbia, Spain, and Switzerland for the interna- tional exchange of official documents and scientific and literary publica- tions, as well as the convention between the same countries (excepting Switzerland) for ‘‘ the immediate exchange of the official journals, par- liamentary annals, and documents,” was concluded at Brussels March 15, 1886, ratification advised by the Senate June 18, 1888, ratified by the President July 19, 1888, ratifications exchanged January 14, 1889, . and proclaimed January 15, 1889, and since that date formal notifica- _ tion has been received of the adhesion to both conventions of the Goy- m m ernment of Uruguay. The full texts of these conventions were hn in the Curator’s report for last year. . The adhesion of the United States to the first convention involves no new coe in the exchange service from the methods of ai (OE e a rm) v mn N > Tes : A a REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. | 21 convention—the immediate exchange of official journals—an appropria- tion of about $2,000 to cover the necessary postage and additional cler- ical assistance is required, and provision should be made for the prompt delivery to the exchange office of the documents referred to. This sum of $2,000 was estimated in reply to an. inquiry made by the Secretary of State, dated February 12, 1889, as to the ability of the Smithsonian Institution to execute all of the provisions of the two con- ventions without further legislation by Congress, and the estimate was duly transmitted by the Secretary of State in a letter to the President of the Senate, but no appropriation was made. As heretofore, the Institution is greatly indebted to the lines of ocean - Steamers between the United States and other countries, and especial acknowledgment is due to the agencies of the fellowing companies for the continuation of many favors in the free transportation of interna- tional exchange packages : Allan Steam-ship Company (A. Schumacher & Co., agents), Baltimore. Anchor Steam-ship Line (Henderson & Brother, agents), New York. Atlas Steam-ship Company (Pim, Forwood & Co., agents), New York. Bailey, H. B., & Co., New York. Bixby, Thomas E., & Co., Boston, Mass. Borland, B. R., New York. Boulton, Bliss & Dallett, New York. Cameron, R. W., & Co., New York. Compagnie Générale Transatlautique (L. de Bébian, agent), New York. Cunard Royal Mail Steam-ship Line (Vernon H. Brown & Co., agents), New Work.’ Dennison, Thomas, New York. Florio Rubattino Line, New York. Hamburg American Packet Company (Kunhardt & Co., agents), New York. Inman Steam-ship Company, New York. Merchants’ Line of Steamers, New York. Munoz y Espriella, New York. Murray, Ferris & Co., New York. Netherlands American Steam Navigation Company (H. Cazaux, agent), New York. ’ New York and Brazil Steam-ship Company, New York. New York and Mexico Steam-ship Company, New York. North German Lloyd (agents, Oelrichs & Co., New York; A. Schumacher & Co., Baltimore). Pacific Mail Steam-ship Company, New York. Panama Railroad Company, New York. Red Star Line (Peter Wright & Sons, agents), Philadelphia and New York. White Cross Line of Antwerp (Funch, Edye & Co., agents), New York. Wilson & Asmus, New York. LIBRARY. I may best preface what I have to say about the library by a repeti- tion of some introductory remarks in my previous report: “Ohiefly through its exchange system, the Smithsonian had in 1865 accumulated about forty thousand volumes, largely publications of learned societies, containing the record of the actual progress of the Laie Nard LAA GCC 22 REPORT OF THE SEORETARY, world in all that pertains to the mental and pipsieal development of the human family, and affording the means of tracing the history of ts Vs fe least every branch of positive science since the days of revival of let- ; ters until the present time.* i) ‘These books, in niany cases presents from old Huropean ibeavige: ii and not to be obtained by purchase, formed even then one of the best collections of the kind in the world. ‘‘ The danger incurred from the fire that year, and the fact that the greater portion of these volumes, being unbound and crowded intoin- — sufficient space, could not be readily consulted, while the expense to be incurred for this binding, enlarged room, and other purposes connected with their use threatened to grow beyond the means of the Institution, appear to have been the moving causes which determined the Regents to accept an arrangement by which Congress was to place the Smith- sonian Library with its own in the Capitol, subject to the right of the Regents to withdraw the books on paying the charges of binding, ete. Owing to the same causes (which have affected the Library of Con- gress itself) these principal conditions, except as regards their custody in a fire-proof building, have never been fulfilled. ‘The books are still deposited chiefly in the Capitol, but though they have now accumulated from 40,000 to fully 250,000 volumes and parts of volumes, and form without doubt the most valuable collection of the kind in existence, they not only remain unbound, but in a far more crowded and inaccessible condition than they were before the transfer. - It is hardly necessary to add that these facts are deplored by no one more than by the present efficient Librarian of Congress.” At the last meeting of the Board, the Regents passed the following resolution : ‘* Resolved, That, since the Smithsonian deposit now numbers over 250,000 titles, and is still increasing, at the cost of the Institution, it is, in the opinion of the Regents, desirable that in the new building for the Library of Congress, sufficient provision shall be made for its accommodation and increase in a distinct hall or halls, worthy of the collections, and such as, while recalling to the visitor the name of Smithson, shall provide such facilities for those consulting the volumes. as we aid in his large purpose of the diffusion of knowledge among men. I have brought this resolution of the Regents to the attention of the present Librarian of Congress and to that of the Chief of Engineers, . the officer in charge of the new building. 1 learn from the latter offi- cial that, owing to the length of time occupied in the construction, it will probably be from six to eight years before any effect can be given to this resolution ; and, in the mean time, with the overcrowded condi- . — tion of the present quarters of the Library, the chests sent up from the Institution still often continue to lie unopened, so that their contents are inaccessible. : Owing to this overcrowding and, as it is understood, to insufficient clerical aid in the Capitol Library, this noble collection, the product of thirty years’ accumulation from the fund of Smithson, is, if not alto- gether lost to science and learning, at any rate so impaired in its use- _ * See Smithsonian Report of 1867. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 23 es fulness that it can not be assumed that any series of learned transac- tions is now complete or that any student can any longer find what he seeks in what was once provided for his aid. I beg to recommend this regrettable state of things to the notice of the Congressional Regents. The present sad condition must, from the nature of the case, grow yearly still worse under the present arrangement; and it seems certain that, by the time the new building is ready for the books, the entire collection will have its value so impaired as to be pecuniarily and oth- erwise of little value in comparison with the original cost. The only - remedy still applicable would seem to lie in providing temporary quar- ters for the collection under the care of the Librarian of Congress, but outside of the overcrowded quarters in the Capitol. The labor of recording and carivg for the accessions to the library has been carried on as during the last fiscal year, with this exceptions that, the work being now thoroughly organized, it has been practicable to dispense with the services of one of the three clerks previously em- ployed in this department. The construction of additional cases.in the reading-room has given increased facilities for the display of periodicals, and the number of - serials now at the disposal of readers has arisen from 265 (as at the time of my last report) to 432. The reading-room is well used by those classes of readers for whom it was designed. The most important operation in connection with the library during the year has been the commencement of the work of carrying out the plan for increasing the library by systematic exchanges, which was originated soon after I entered on my duties as Assistant Secretary; at the desire of Secretary Baird. Realizing that there must be many scientific and technical period- icals of value, especially in branches of science not directly related to the work earried on at the Institution, which were not known in our library, and recognizing the fact that many new publications have come into existence since the last systematic attempt to procure full returns for the publications distributed by the Institution, I addressed circulars to three hundred gentlemen in this country who are noted for their _ eminence in the different branches of knowledge, desiring them to - furnish me with lists of the scientific periodicals which were of value to them in their special fields of investigation.* In reply to these circulars, 174 voluminous lists were received, and these I caused to be carefully collated. The result of this collation is a list of 3,600 titles, embracing, as it is believed, nearly if not quite all periodical literature of importance in the various branches of knowledge, exclusive of belles-lettres and the art of medicine. In order, however, that this list should be of any practical service to the Institution, it is first necessary to learn which of these publications the Institution may already possess, either in complete or imperfect * Copies of these circulars are to be found in Appendix 4 to my report for 1887-’88. 4h pt: REPORT. ey ‘THE SECRETARY, | oe Ny Ge many years. Again, should a learned abies publishing aa or the publishers of a journal mentioned in this list, be found to have received Smithsonian publications without making any adequate return, ; the records of the distribution of publications must be searched, in ordér to find the exact amount of publications furnished, that upon this the Institution may base its demand for a return. Ai It will be seen that the publications in question fall risttinitade into four classes. (1) Journals which receive the Smithsonian publications, and which are not to be found in the library of the Institution. (2) Journals which receive the Smithsonian publications, but which make either no return or an inadequate return for these. (3) Journals which regularly exchange with the Institution, but of which the files in the library are for any reason defective. (4) Journals which regularly exchange with the Institution, and of which the library possesses a complete file. When each of the 3,600 titles has been assigned to its proper place in one of these four classes, a letter must be written to each one of the © journals belonging to the first three classes, as follows: To the first class, offering to exchange; to the second, calling attention to the fact that _ the Institution has received no adequate returns for its favors, and to the third, asking for the volumes or parts of volumes pes tocom- . plete the files. : It will thus be evident that a work of no small magnitude remained to be performed after the list of journals was prepared. A careful esti- mate showed that it would require the entire time of a competent clerk | for at least twelve months to perform the necessary routine work. As, however, the Institution was not in a position to employ an extra clerk for work which would be so largely for the benefit of the Library of Congress, the matter was allowed to rest here. The desirability of the plan, however, commended itself so strongly to me that I could not willingly see it given up and the large amount of labor already expended remain unfruitful. Accordingly, towards .- the latter part of the past fiscal year, I presented the matter to Mr. A. R. Spofford, the Librarian of Congress, who, recognizing the advantages that would accrue to that Library from carrying out the plan, consented to defray the expense of the necessary clerical work from his own ap- — propriations. The work was accordingly begun on June 1, 1889, and will be carried on continuously under the immediate supervision af the Oe librarian, Mr. John Murdoch. ig It is estimated that of the 3,600 titles under consideration, at least one-half, or 1,800, will prove to be new and desirable accessions to the S library, eligi: the work done in endeavoring to complete broken Series A must prove to be of great value. SS - REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. - 25 P ~ The following is a statement of the books, maps, and charts received : by the Smithsonian Institution from July 1, 1888, to June 30, 1889: ef. * Volumes: Mctevovor/ smatlons. vii. . focuses sees ek 1, 002 GUITAR EO OLA OMI ee erieisc\a sls. aia wiale' e's dit meine «ila ==\<'o = 498 1,500 Parts of volumes: Octavio aor smallerieseee 2s sis we tile ote hes Jape wea 5, 556 UAE OT AO Oo a eis telaloals nie of Giese. 3 bisete[o maim 6, 646 if 12, 202 Pamphlets: ; Geiovororswegverwse otic sesceins ooo s some ubl sestasts 2,705 % CQiMarhO OT MAT RCI Ei etaisn sts seis 4 ieiel epee aicicin pee anaes 473 3, 178 f Coren: seen Ee SIRs SHS stic met sete a tae owe oracle’ A474 STRSTR sti 8 papi sy A A NR a at GR eS ty a gn 17, 354 _ Of these accessions 4,810 (namely, 441 volumes, 3,752 parts of vol- umes, aud 617 pamphlets, were retained for use in the Museum library, and 521 medical dissertations were deposited in the library of the Sur- geon-General’s Office, U.S. Army; the remainder was promptly sent to the Library of Congress on the Monday following their receipt. The following universities have sent complete sets of all their aca- demic publications for the year, including the inaugural dissertations de- livered by the students on graduation: Bern, Bonn, Dorpat, Erlangen, Freiburg-im-Breisgan, Giessen, G6ttingen, Halle-an-der-Saale, Heidel- berg, Helsingfors, Jena, Kiel, Konigsberg, Leipzig, Louvain, Lund, Tiibingen, Utrecht, and Wiirzburg. A list of the important accessions will be found in the Appendix (Re- port of the Librarian). THE DEPARTMENT OF LIVING ANIMALS. . The collection of the department of living animals has increased dur- ing the year (almost wholly by donations) to such an extent as to quite overcrowd its accommodations, and render it necessary to resolutely check its growth, while the degree of interest manifested in this small display has been surprising. This has been shown not only by the residents of Washington, and visitors to the city, who form the daily crowd of visitors, but many residents of remote States and Territories have testified their interest by sending valuable gifts to the collec- tion. Besides these, many valuable gifts of quadrupeds and birds have been received from United States Army officers in Texas. A most val- uable donation received during the year came from the Hon. W. F. Cody (Buffalo Bill), of North Platte, Nebr., and consisted of three fine American elks, two males and a female. Dr. V. T. MeGillyeuddy, of Rapid City, Dak., offered to deposit in the collection four American bisons which have been in his possession _ for several years. The conditions of the offer were considered suf- t 26 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. _ - ficiently liberal to justify its acceptance, and accordingly Mr. George H. Hedley, of Medina, N. Y., was requested to proceed to Rapid City, — "4 where he received the uate and arrived in Washington with them in good condition. Being fine specimens they have naturally attracted 5 much attention. Pe The overcrowded condition of the temporary cages and yards coh: % P taining the larger animals has caused extreme trouble, not only to pro- ; vide properly for the shelter and comfort of the specimens, but to keep them from either killing or injuring each other. Only with larger space and better facilities will it be possible to so care for these animals, and many others like them, that they will not only be a stock from — which to replenish their races, so rapidly vanishing from the continent, but a source of constant instruction and recreation for the people. The department of living animals has served an important purpose ‘ jn aiding to bring about the establishment by Congress of a National Zoological Park, for the public interest manifested in the collection, forcibly emphasized the general desire and need for such an institution founded on a liberal scale. During the period when the Zoological Park proposition was before the Fiftieth Congress, the Secretary con- Sidered that the curator of this department, Mr. Hornaday, could not render more important service than by explaining to Members the de- tails of the plan proposed, and he was accordingly directed to devote a portion of his time to that duty. The actual accommodations provided for the living animals are necessarily of the most temporary character, and do not in the slightest degree indicate the proper construction of permanent improvements of this kind in a first-class zoological garden. At present a large num- ber of living quadrupeds, birds, and reptiles are crowded together in one small and ill-ventilated building heated by steam, which, during exhibition hours, is usually filled with visitors to an uncomfortable ex- tent. It will bea great boon to the public and to the animals com- posing the collection as well, when the latter can be transferred to the Zoological Park and provided with suitable accommodations. Under the circumstances it is very desirable that this should be accompa ‘ at the earliest date possible. The total number of living specimens received during the year was 271, of which 126 were gifts, 37 were deposited, and 8 purchased. The final catalogue entry on June 30, 1889, was 341, which represents the total number of specimens received since the collection was begun. In) spite of the disadvantages the curator and his two assistants have la> bored under in the care of this collection, it is gratifying to be able to report that during the year the losses by death have been almost wholly confined to the small and least valuable animals; and, with the excep- _ FS tion of an antelope which was presented by Senator Stanford and died before it had time to recover from the effects of its long journey, all the si i large and most valuable specimens are alive and in good health, — ro. | my Pe 4. \ Pay a ms :. | REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 27 aS & ) 7 ‘ it It is well to direct attention to the fact that Congress has as yet made no special appropriation for the care of these animals, which, with their food, represents a considerable sum, ill spared from the limited appro- priation at the disposal of the Secretary for the increase and preserva- tion of the collections, on which so many other pressing demands are made. ZOOLOGICAL PARK. In my previous report I stated that a bill had been introduced by Senator Beck to create, under the care of the Regents of the Smithsoniap Institution, a zoological garden on Rock Creek, where these animals. might not only form the subject of study, but be expected to increase as they do not in ordinary captivity ; and I gave the amendment to the sundry civil appropriation bill, reported by Senator Morrill, which was substantially the same as the bill of Senator Beck. For reasons which may be found in my letter to the chairman of the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds, quoted later, I gave much ‘time and labor in the interests of this measure, at first without success, the House Committee on Appropriations having reported its non-concur- rence in the Zoological Park amendment, and, after a long debate, which occupied the attention of the House through a considerable portion of the 12th of September, 1888, the motion to concur was defeated. In the subsequent conference on the sundry civil bill, the Senate con- ferees agreed that the amendment should be stricken out, so that the bill was lost. In pursuance of what seemed to me a public duty, I did not accept _ this defeat of the billas finai, but brougbt the matter again before the attention of Congress. On the 18th of January, 1889, at the request of the Hon. 8. Dibble, I addressed a letter to him as chairman of the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds, to which had been referred a bill of the House, introduced by the Hon. W. C. P. Breckinridge, of similar purport to that introduced in the Senate. This letter the committee made the basis. of its recommendation for the passage of the bill in the following words: REPORT to accompany bill H. R. 11810. The Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds, to which was re- ferred the bill (H. R. 11810) “for the establishment of a Zoological Park in the District of Columbia,” having had the same under consid- eration, respectfully submits the following report: Appended hereto is a letter of Prof. S. P. Langley, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, portraying the necessity of such a park and the advantages to be derived from its establishment; and, for reasons: therein set forth, your committee respectfully recommends the passage of the bill. ‘ SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, Washington, D. C., January 18, 1889. : My DEAR SiR: I write what follows in accordance with the sugges- tion of your yesterday’s letter, intending it for your consideration and that of the committee. puers - 28 en ‘REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. ‘From a parts of the country, for many years, nica of live mals have been made to the Government through the Smithoonian nel ia ‘stitution or the Museum; but the absence of any appropriation for their — ms care has led to their being sent away (though most reluctantly) to. Ape. ‘es crease the collections of the zoological parks in Philadelphia, New York, pe London, and other cities. 1t should be better known than it is ane every where through the country there is a disposition on the part of — private individuals to give to the Government in this way, and without — any expectation of return, remarkable specimens, which the donor (very . commonly a poor man) som etimes refuses. advantageous pecuniary offers for, and it seems hard to decline gifts made in such a spirit, or, accept: ing them, to give them away again. But little over a year ago I gave instructions that these live speci- mens should be retained temporarily, as an experiment, and although a ‘very few have been purchased, the collection, which is a subject of so much local popular interest, has been thus formed, substantially by gift, within perhaps fifteen months, and this though many proffers have been declined for want of means to care for them. 1am persuaded that, if it were generally known that the Government would receive and care for such gifts, within a very few years the finest collection of American animals in the world might be made here in this way, with compara- _ tively no expenditure for purchase. mip Among the many interested in the incipient collection was Senator Beck, whose bill for the formation of a zoological park was brought before the Senate on April 23, 1888. The writer directed the Senator’s attention to the fact that a piece of ground singularly suitable, by the variety of its features, to the provision for the wants of all the different kinds of animals, existed in the picturesque valley of Rock Creek in ‘the part nearest to the city. Here not only the wild goat, the mountain sheep and their congeners would find the rocky cliffs which are their natural home, but the beavers brooks in which to build their dams; the buffalo places of seclusion in which to breed and replenish their dying race; aquatic birds and beasts their natural home, and in general all animals would be provided for on a site almost incomparably better than any now used for this. purpose m any other capital in the world. With this is the pre-eminently important consideration that the imme- diate neighborhood to the city would make it accessible not only to the rich, but to the poor, and therefore a place of recreation to the great mass of the residents, as well as to the hundreds of thousands of citi- zens from all parts of the country who now annually visit the capital. It may be added that, so far as is known to the writer, all those in- terested in the desirable but larger plan for a public park along the — whole Rock Oreek region—that is to say, all those acquainted with the — ‘beauties and advantages of the site—regard the establishment of the pro- posed zoological park there with favor. It is very difficult for any one who has not visited the region to understand its singularly attractive character, due to the good fortune which has preserved its picturesque features intact urtil now, although the growing city is sweeping around yy and enveloping it. A The Smithsonian Institution has not customarily received with favor hed the propositions continually made it to place different local or national interests under its charge, but the very special reasons which seem in this case to enable it to at once secure a home and city of refuge forthe vanishing races of the continent, and a place for the health and recrea- __ tion of the inhabitants of the city, and citizens of the United States, together with an opportunity for the carrying out an enterprise he ; REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 29 national scientific value, and the formation of what, as regards its site, at least, is the finest zoological garden in existence —all these consider- ~ ations have moved it to see in this an opportunity to carry out its legit- imate work, ‘“‘ the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men.” When, therefore, Senator Beck made the understanding that the Smith- sonian Institution would accept the charge of such a park, the primary condition on which he would undertake to recommend it to Congress, the Secretary felt authorized to say that he believed it propable that the proposition would be favorably viewed by the regents, and, the matter once brought before Congress, he has not disguised his own interest in the success of the measure. The bill, brought in by Mr. Breckinridge in the House (and by Sen- ator Morrill in the Senate), appropriates $200,000 for the purchase of not less than 100 acres of land. The land actually most desired for the zoological park covers about 120 acres, being precisely that portion of the Rock Creek Valley which will be soonest destroyed, as regards its picturesque and attractive features, by the laying out of streets and lots. Nevertheless, and largely owing to the very fact that the pict- uresqueness of the locality implies the existenve of rocks, precipices,. and valleys, which it would cost much to level and fill in, this land can still be obtained at rates which, considering its neighborhood to the city, are remarkably cheap. The most thorough examination that I have been able to make, the testimony of various real-estate experts and others, have satisfied me that the purchase may and will be com- pleted for somewhat less than the sum named in the appropriation, even leaving a small margin for the erection of a preliminary shelter for the animals. I beg most respectfully to urge upon the attention of the committee the fact that it is at once the strength and weakness of this measure that, so far as is known, it is an entirely disinterested one, the real- estate holders in the vicinity being generally indifferent or opposed to. it, for reasons which can be explained, if desired, and that it is being. thus pressed upon Congress by those who have the measure at heart, because anything that is done must be done soon. It is probable that within a year or two more, the good fortune which has kept this singu- larly interesting spot intact, while the growing city is encircling it, will protect it no longer. It is not the mere space on the map which is to be secured, but natural advantages which have no relation to the num- ber of acres, and which can not be restored if once destroyed, since it is not in the power of Congress itself by any expenditure of money to _ recreate a rock or a tree. ; I am, very respectfully, yours, S. P. LANGLEY, Hon. SAMUEL DIBBLE, Secretary. House of Representatives. It appears, however, that this recommendation could not be brought to the consideration of Congress in season for action, and at nearly the same time Senator Edmunds introduced an amendment to the District _ bill. There were at this time two measures being pressed upon the _ attention of Congress, one for the creation of a national park, includ- y ing a thousand or more acres upon Rock Creek, extending far beyond _ the limits of the proposed zoological park, and requiring a large ex- ey peeesivere not for buildings but for lands, a measure with which the 4 Ee ood h ‘ ; \ SL, y: ey Oe RN y : ARS As 30 REPORT OF THE ‘SECRETARY. — Smithsonian Institution was not concerned; the phen’ a eer’ ile fs ere limited scheme for the zoological park, alae latter it was understood 7 in Congress was to be placed under the Smithsonian Institution, = Under these circumstances the honorable Mr. Edmunds introduced an amendment to the District of Columbia bill, as follows : AMENDMENT intended to be proposed by Mr. Edmunds to the bill (H. R. 11651) making appropriations to provide for the expenses of the government of the District of Columbia for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety, and for other purposes, viz: Insert the followi ing: e “ For the establishment of a zoological park in the District of Colum- bia, two hundred thousand dollars, to be expended under and in accord- ance with the provisions following, that is to say: “ That, in order to establish a zoological park in the District of Co- Jumbia, for the advancement of science and the instruction and recrea- tion of the people, a commission shall be constituted, composed of three persons, namely: The Secretary of the Interior, the president of the — board of Commissioners of the District of Columbia, and the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, which shall be known and designated as the commission for the establishment of a zoological park. ‘“¢ That the said commission is hereby authorized and directed to make . an inspection of the country along Rock Creek, between Massachusetts avenue extended and where said creek is crossed by the road leading west from Brightwood crosses said creek, and to select from that dis- ‘trict of country such a tract of land, of not less than one hundred acres, which shall include a section of the creek, as said commission shall deem to be suitable and appropriate for a zoological park. ‘‘That the said commission shall cause to be made a careful map of said zoological park, showing the location, quantity, and character of each parcel of private property to be taken for such purpose, with the names of the respective owners inscribed thereon, and the said map shall be filed and recorded in the public records of the District of Co- lumbia; and from and after that date the several tracts and parcels of land embraced in such zoological park shall be held as condemned for — public uses, subject to the payment of just compensation, to be deter- mined by the said commission and approved by the President of the United States, provided that such compensation be accepted by the owner or owners of the several parcels of land. “That if the said commission shall be unable to purchase any portion of the land so selected and condemned within thirty days after sueh — condemnation, by agreement with the respective owners, at the price approved by the President of the United States, it sball, at the expira- tion of such period of thirty days, make application to the supreme court of the District of Columbia, by petition, at a general or special ~ term, for an assessment of the value of such land, and said petition — shall contain a particular description of the property selected and con- demned, with the name of the owner or owners thereof, and his, her, or their residences, as far as the same can be ascertained, together with a ~ copy of the recorded map of the park; and the said court is hereby authorized and required, upon such application, without delay, to notify the owners and occupants of the land and to ascertain and assess the | value of the land so selected and condemned by appointing three com- missioners to appraise the value or values thereof, and to return the appraisement to the court; and when the values of such land are thus. ray ascertained, and the President shall deem the same race ‘said Hh ~ REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 31 values shall be paid to the owner or owners, and the United States shall be deemed to have a valid title to said lands. “That the said commission is hereby authorized to call upon the Superintendent of the Coast and Geodetic Survey or the Director of the Geological Survey to make such surveys as may be necessary to carry into effect the provisions of this section; and the said officers are hereby authorized and required to make such surveys under the direc- tion of said commission.” , The amendment of Senator Edmunds was understood to be offered in a spirit entirely friendly to the interests of this Institution, but it differs from that reported from the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds, in omitting the name of the Regents, in placing the appro- priation under those for the District, in removing from the Commis- sion the power to lay out the land, and in extending the limits within which they had choice, to the military road, in this, as in other respects, resembling the limits of the larger scheme of the national park, as generally proposed. On the 28th of February the Edmunds amendment passed substantially as above given, and by the President’s approval of the District ill, beeame a law on March 2.* In view of the fact that the zoological park will probably in any case be the ultimate place of deposit for the living collections now under the charge of the Regents, and that their secretary is named as one of the commissioners for effecting the purchase, it seems proper to add a brief statement of the work done by the commission, which, after per- sonally and carefully inspecting the whole course of the stream from Massachusetts avenue to Military road, about 4 miles above the city, found no district so desirable for the single purpose of a zoological park as that lying between Woodley Lane and Klingle Bridge, and des- ignated in the original bill of Senator Morrill; and the commissioners have proceeded to condemn a tract of 166 acres of the remarkably varied and picturesque country whose character is described in the secretary’s letter to the chairman of the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds already cited. The condemnation is not complete without the President’s approval, which had not been given at the date of the completion of the fiscal *Eixtracts from the Congressional Record. Mr. Breckinridge, of Kentucky, states, “‘T append the report of the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds that the record may show the exact object in view. There is absolute protection from job- bery in the fact that this is to be under the supervision of the Smithsonian Insti- tution.” Mr. Dibble says in the same debate, ‘‘ We are proud of the Smithsonian, and the Smithsonian has already, by gift, not purchase, the nucleus of a collection, and I am informed by the Secretary of the Smithsonian that this place furnishes the right kind of location for the propagation and perpetuation of these rapidly disap- ' pearing species of American animals, while at the same time it will serve the pur- _ poses of a public park.” Mr. Dibble continued, ‘‘I am informed that the inquiries, estimates, and offers indicate that the 120 acres which is included in the design now in front of the reporter’s desk [referring to a large map showing that part of the _ ereek between Woodley Lane and Klingle road, which the Morrill bill placed under _ the care of the Regents] can be purchased for something less than $200,000, ete.” TR gl Ae ee tp Ne es rN Aa ' ry endian Bass REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. year, but I may be allowed to so far anticipate a statement p belonging to a later report as to say that this approval has since given, and that the land will almost undoubtedly become the prope of the Government. The commission has no power to lay out the land Pl and has no instruction from Congress as to its ultimate destination, a owing, it may well be supposed, to the general supposition in the House » that the bill as voted contained a clause placing it under the care of the ~ Ny Smithsonian Institution. MISCELLANEOUS. The Statue to Professor Baird.—In recognition of the distinguished services of the late Professor Baird, a bill was introduced in the Senate of the United States, and passed by that body February 10, 1888, ‘ making an appropriation for the erection of a bronze statue to com- memorate his merits. This bill was referred, in the House of Represen- tatives, to the Committee on the Library, but was not reported. It is hoped that this important subject will, during the coming session, re- ceive the attention which it merits. An appropriation of $25,000 was. made by Congress for the benefit of the widow of the late Secretary, whose life had been so unselfishly devoted to the service of the nation. Art Collections.—I alluded in a previous report to the fact that a very valuable collection of art objects had been promised to the Smithsonian Institution. The intending donor is understood to contemplate the transfer of the collection at no very remote period, the principal condi- tion being that the Institution shall provide a suitable fire-proof build- ing for it. Upon the representations of the agent of the Institution in Kurope, as to the value of the collection and as to the desire of its owner to see your Secretary in order to arrange for the formal transfer, the writer made a brief visit to France last July, for the purpose of such confer- ence and arrangement, but illness on the owner’s part has delayed ac- tion, so that the Secretary is not able, as he had hoped to be, to lay the matter more fully before the Regents at their present meeting. Assignment of rooms for scientific work.—During the past year the use of rooms in the Smithsonian building has been continued to th Coast and Geodetic Survey for pendulum experiments, and a room has been assigned to the use of the Zoological Park Commission. Toner lecture fund.—The Secretary of the Institution is ew officio — chairman of the board of trustees. The fund, consisting partly of © Washington real estate and partly of Government bonds, has an esti- mated value of about $3,000. A lecture was delivered on May 29,in the hall of the Museum, hy Dr. Harrison Allen, of Philadelphia, on eae ns Clinical Study of the Skull,” the first delivered under this fund a Bere it eral years. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 33 ¥ Grants and subscriptions.—In accordance with the precedents estab- lished by your first Secretary for encouraging meritorious scientific en- terprises, undertaken without view to pecuniary gain, a subscription of twenty copies of the Astronomical Journal, edited by Dr. B. A. Gould, has been continued. Privilege of the floor of the House of Representatives—Owing to the lamented death of the Hon.S.8. Cox, no further action appears to have been taken by the House in reference to a bill introduced by him to con- fer the privilege of the floor on the Secretary of the Smithsonian In- stitution. Smithsonian grounds.—At the request of the Director of the Geologi- cal Survey, permission was granted to place stones for a base line 300 feet on B street, south, to be used as a standard of comparison for tape lines. American Historical Association. —Reference was made in the last re- port to a bill introduced in the Senate to incorporate the Historical As- sociation and to connect it with the Smithsonian Institution. Congress - has since passed the act organizing the association. Stereotyping.—All the stereotype plates belonging to the Institution have been brought from Philadelphia to Washington and stored in the basement of the building. I have elsewhere alluded to the fact that the practice of stereotyping the bulletins and proceedings of the Washington scientific societies has been discontinued. Temporary shed.—I have also elsewhere alluded to the purpose of putting up in the Smithsonian grounds a temporary shelter for instru- ments and apparatus, which may at the same time permit of some astro- physical observations being made. This, however, is only a temporary expedient, and if the Regents ever sanction the erection of an observa- tory for this purpose it will be necessary to place it in some very quiet locality far removed from all tremor. Such a locality exists in the new zoological park, but while the action of Congress in regard to the pur- chase of the latter was still uncertain I addressed a letter to the honor- able the Secretary of War, asking permission in case it were found de- sirable to occupy a vacant tract of land in the southern portion of the cemetery at Arlington for this purpose. His assent was given in the following letter: WAR DEPARTMENT, Washington City, January 9, 1889. _ Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 18th ultimo, requesting that the Smithsonian Institution be author- ized to occupy a site in the Arlington national cemetery, as indicated in a memorandum and plat inclosed by you, for the purposes of an __astro-physical laboratory. o29A——o WBE TSN eM NIRS 2 a REPORT OF THE SECRETARY, In reply I beg to advise you that there is no objection to ite oe cupa- tion, in the manner stated, of a piece of ground not exceeding 2 acres, — indicated on a plat which may be examined in the office of the Quarter- nt master-General, provided that the ground in question be vacated — a i whenever it is required by this Department. ana? Very respectfully, Wm. ©. ENDICOTT, eh: Secretary of War. ’ Prof. 8S. P. LANGLEY, : Secretary Smithsonian Institution. The plat in question shows the location of the lot near the center and highest part of the unoccupied wooded ridge, near the colored soldiers’ — portion of the cemetery. The site, however, is so distant that should not propose to occupy it while any better could be procured. Reception.—\ have alluded in my previous report to the habit of the first Secretary of giving receptions from time to time in the rooms of the Institution and to the fact that though these rooms are now de- voted to official purposes, the writer, desiring to maintain the tradi- tions of this hospitality, had used them once for a similar purpose. He has again employed them in this year on the 18th of April for a recep- tion where it was sought to unite the old and new friends of the Insti- tution. Correspondence.—The Institution receives annually inquiries from all parts of the country for information on topies often most incongruous, but usually connected with science, which are submitted to the Secre- tary. None of these inquiries is left unanswered, and the burden of this correspondence is very considerable. It has always been regarded, however, as incumbent on the Institution to reply to them as a part of its Pineuipn in the distribution of knowledge, and a good deal of labor which does not appear, continues to be devoted to this end. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. The main features of the work of the National Museum are briefly referred to in this place. They are fully described elsewhere, in the separate volume forming the report of Dr. Goode, Assistant Secretary _ in charge of the Museum, and the Curators of its several departments. Classified service of the Musewm.—In response to a resolution of the Senate asking for a‘ schedule of the classified service of the officers and employés of the National Museum,” a letter was addressed by me on March 2 to Hon. John J. Ingalls, Presiient pro tempore of the Senate, +h transmitting a schedule which upon very careful deliberation repre- ¢ sents the actual necessities of the service. . cine This schedule and the letter of transmittal were printed as miseel- . laneous document No. 92, Fiftieth Congress, second session, and are here re-printed: ; yt. ‘ REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 35 _ LETTER of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution in reference to Senate reso- -__ lution of October 8, 1888, asking for ‘‘a schedule of the classified service of the officers and employés of the National Museum.” SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, March 2, 1889. Sir: In response to the Senate resolution asking for ‘a schedule of the classified service of the officers and employés of the National Mu- seum,” I have the honor to transmit the accompanying schedule, which represents the present actual necessities of the service. The service for the fiscal year of 1887~88 was reported upon in alet- ter to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, dated December 1, 1888 (1. R. Mis. Doe. No. 55, Fiftieth Congress, second session). In this the aggregate expenditures for service were shown to have been $122,750.47, of which sum $97,493.32 was paid from the appro- priation for preservation of collections, $19.203.79 from that for fur- niture and fixtures, and $6,053.36 from that for heating, lighting, and electrical and telephonic service. A schedule of the number of persons employed in the various depart- ments of the Museum was also given in this letter (pages 4, 9, 11). This schedule should, however, be regarded only as an approximate one, since many of the employés were actually engaged only a part of the year, and others were temporarily transferred to the pay-rolls of the Cincinnati Exhibition and were engaged in special work in connec- tion with that exhibition. It is estimated that the aggregate expenditures for services for the present fiscal year (188889) will be $129,710, of which amount $103,000 will be paid from the appropriation for preservation of collections, $20,000 from that for furniture and fixtures, and $5,710 from that for heating, lighting, and electrical and telephone service. In the schedule herewith transmitted it is shown that for the proper working of the Museum the amount required for services would be as follows: Pata aries @iSCIentiiC ASSISLANUS. --ce'ss- ce coe CaO te eee elke $56, 300. 00 LED: CLIT TERY YC sone pang TURES PR eg Pe AL eA Oe 36, 920. 00 For services in preparing, mounting, and installing the collections. ...--. 22, 060. 00 For services in policing, caring for, and cleaning the buildings .---..-.-. 36,740. 00 For services in repairing buildings, cases, and objects in the collections.. 14, 163. 50 For salaries and wages in designing, making, and inspecting cases and . _ other appliances for the exhibition and safe-keeping of the collections. 18, 337,50 For services in connection with the heating, lighting, and electrical and SEMEN OMI MCINOR VICE fone ee Sone ee a el Me Sa UNC le bce 6, 620. 00 For services of miscellaneous employés, including draughtsmen, messen- BTS Eble UN ba Ge Bap SS aN ee I EES oe ee ES 7, 980. 00 TE Fiat 2 te nea OO SM tg MI ce ay a RE ee A Sa 199, 121, 00 The increase in the total expenditure, as indicated, is due partly to the addition of a number of officers to the scientific staff, and also to the necessity for a few additional clerks, and a considerable number of watchmen, laborers, cleaners, and messengers, whose services are essen- _ tial to the ‘safety of the collections, as well as to provide for the clean- liness and proper care of the buildings and for the comfort of visitors. ft The rates of pay indicated are in most cases considerably lower than _ are customarily allowed for a similar service in the Executive Depart- ments. In the schedule now presented, expenditure for services only is taken into consideration. PH GUPAIGS, sat OL 200 8 2 eos OR ee ia ee Ls One disbursing clerk* GON Maat ia hs tal A\yy wey rn regard to the purchase or collertag of specimens, the oe ; eral supplies, preservatives, materials for mounting and installi lections, books, exhibition cases, furniture, fuel, and gas, the mai nance of the heating and lighting appliances, freight and cartage, elling expenses of collectors and agents, ete. For these various purposes the expenditure in the last fiscal amounted to $45,249.53, and that for the present fiscal year will, i Wy, estimated, amount to about $48,000, asum very inadequate to the need ‘ ; of the service. yan It does not include the expenditures for printing the labels and blanks — 2) and proceedings and bulletins of the Museum, for which the appropri- : ation for many years past has been $10,000, and for which I have asked — $15,000 for the coming fiscal year. I must not omit to call your attention to the fact that, owing to the — peculiar constitution of the Museum as a scientific establishment, ithas — hitherto been possible to secure a special economy, owing to the fact — that its officers and employés are not scheduled as in the Executive De- — partments. In thus presenting, in obedience to the request of the Senate, a sched- ule of a durable organization of the service, I wish to remark, emphati- cally, that there are pressing needs in other directions—needs that merit — the serious consideration of Congress, in order that the National Mu- ~ seum may be enabled to maintain a satisfactory position in conb as with those of European nations. I have the honor to be, yon most obedient servant, SE: LANGLEY, Hon. JOHN J. INGALLS, Secretary. President, pro tempore, of the Senate. Schedule of the classified service of the officers and employés of the United States National Museum, arranged according to duty and salary, as re- quired for the proper working of the Museum. Compensa- Designation. : esignation tion. Scientific staff. Secretary Smithsonian Institution, director ew officio ..--...-..----.----|------ -e--ee’ i Assistant secretary Smithsonian Institution, in charge of National Mu- ! hae BOMNe oS Peete erg a had eee ale AUR Ge ee $4,000.00 | Curator’and executive officer... 5--'s.52502 022.2 Ae ee ee 3,000.00 Hive-curators; ati $2,400... .2224-,2 2022 cone ke ee ee ee 12,000.00 — Hige‘curators,.at $2,100.00. 2220 kiya ae ee See -b-]) LOSSOR Geis Four assistant curators; ‘at $1,600) 0 2a) 2a a ee Ales ae ee ee a Four assistant curators, at $1, 400 oooh oss bode Bee eee Six aids, at BL O00 oo oe eee Bee 5S Le NE Ee Special service, by Contract. 0.8) «sb es ee eee eee ele ere Clerical staff. Ohieliclorkt ley ee Scala cee ee ee ae a Four chiefs of divisions: Correspondence; transportation, storage, and record; publications and labels; installation, ati g2,0002 2205 Le ene “ This officer receives pay also from the Smithsonian Institution for cenit REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. ms Schedule of the classified service of the officers and employés of 37 the United ‘ States National Museum, etc.—Continued. Designation. Compensa- tion. Clerical staff—Continued. Dinerclorki Gf Class 412 toro Soe ese al eS REND ARS ene Ge 9 SERS Kes $1, 890. 00 EN EUICARO I CHASS 1a = ie tapos aw Gioia sei nia 2 ae aie cicie melee oath vafaee eee 2 3, 200. 00 SME EVGA O15 CLASS ee oes ee ty ee dala Shs stele oe ome ayers ee cle 26 4, 200. 00 ren G SOU CLASS Mijas ee eee s ee ae Seite at Wee elt, at 4, 300. 00 MMSE MN RO lees, sso toed me Aci Sin pide enim ane ce 252 sil 3, 600. 00 Pea copyists, Ab G7 20-26 =~ ooo nee a oe ee cane newe ne wae 2, 880. 00 SEIMINGEDS Ub SGUO 2c. Paes tie oc cee cb de sede cusnce ldse eet 3, 600. 00 SEMPEV TSA, Ap AGO | 2202 -Vee wan steed occ nis eld Mleiee c'sies weaelonfewes 1, 440. 00 36, 920. 00 Preparators. RaPerasA ERTIES Meet fone) hs ON iis Az ea he Sec ewa cee mae aes a gioe ee eie Assistant photographer Artist i ee ee ee er ee we wm mee ee eee we we ee ee te ee ee eee ee tt ee ee ee ee eee wes ee ee ee ee cee MMi tah ao AG Tey, MKC Nebel Bee Two taxidermists, at $1,000 .....-.--i--.------- PEM AMAPGELEESS SEs OU a5 Sc ee oN aie ay ole alayapey Se ees co = See ee cae seme mite oe One modeller.--.---.. SVs SRS Sater see Mar Le Me Ee Rte Contre halk cea oki ROR MEMENTO geet Seen os Pe ele ray Da cin. an a win Behar bicgoenis BEL ed See eisaes ea emer OW ALalOt ry <7. S25 oa sf ste ea gh Skea ets sek caw soauleece PPE EBEON ALAMO E Oo 2 fo nal tee RMN ees be Joe GS PEE MME PRICeLDy) CONLLAGH. Ja oci2 sr ce eae Sena e enacts faviewe cove ee yen Buildings and labor. One superintendent of buildings. .. Two assistant superintendents, at $1,000 Four watchmen, at $780- . Twenty-four watchmen and door-keepers, at $600 ...- Twelve laborers, at $480 Three attendants, at $480 .......------..--.---: Ten attendants and cleaners, at $360 Special service of laborers and cleaners, to be paid by the hour. Mechanics (repairing buildings, cases, and objects in the collections). { Cabinet-maker, at $3.50 per day. - Two painters, at $2.50 per day One tinner, at $2 per da One stone-cutter and mason, at $2 per day......... Bs Sop oe ore tis Be roar Six skilled laborers, at $2. 50 per day Six skilled laborers, at $2 per day Special service by contract ee ee eee ee ee ee ee ee i ee i ie Se i ee ee ee ee ee ee wee e tee eee we ee we ee eee eee wees eee eee Furniture and fixtures. ~ Engineer en FMM aes Storer tenes Rd a As he ce aw Sawn wea te BONE ae os a ee eee eee ert ° ad copyist 2, 000. 00 1, 000. 00 22, 060. 00 1, 620. 00 2, 000. 00 3, 120. 00 14, 400. 00 5, 760. 00 1, 440. 00 3, 600. 00 4, 800. 00 36, 740. 00 1, 095. 1, 565. 626. 626. 4, 695. 3, 756. 1, 800. 14, 163. 50 2, 000. 00 900. 00 720. 00 ‘i i f A , if Bh tee ee Grow d f sity Virmitst tirg Wh iy) TE apeev i cane . REPORT OF THE ‘SECRETARY. f) Schedule of the classified service of the officers and aut i the Ui States National Museum, siopaladh winch te ie Compensa- — Designation. tine $m Furniture and fixtures—Continued. Wd aa hy OMEN VISES Ue 2h ie 2 ear ac eee le led ae eee aie Se ee ae ee eee $600.00 COMNOLCOPVASU Pino. weet ce elie 2) See ENR Sait, me coae honey an, Uae ee ee 480.00 | Six carpenters and cabinet-makers, at $3 per day ....---.---------.---- 5,634.00 Three painters, at. $2 perdayn. 2s. Nee Geta eae Bees, ae eae 1, 978. 00 j Two skilled laborers; atig2.50 per day oo al eo ito. Sole ie ee ee 1, 565. 00 Lworskilled: laborers; at$2 periday -o). 222.) 082 oo esse. eee See oe 1, 252. 00 Three taborers, at $1.50) per day \..2020-) ele ee ae ae 1, 408. 50 Special. cervice My CONTACT 2. ce sk). Nee. eee Meters, cians rele eta mane a ee 1, 800. 00 18, 337. 50 ——: Heating, lighting, and electrical service. PMU O TE es tee he i a a ie an 1, 400. 00 One assistan beng incense.) aac eh eg ae ee 900. 00 © Dix firemen ab POOD sei i nS ar rh eae Toe A Re 3, 600. 00 ‘Peloplone cleric: tes on See ee eta pave haere yas TIC UA ARI a 720. 00 6, 620. 00 Miscellaneous No VAS Sieh (Nenad te Pen nM ls Ve AMAR am Rs lass 1, 200. 00 Onedraviehtisman) 6 2 fos 2yo0 ee eae ee era ert a » 1,200.00 iwodranebisuien, at. $600 22. ieee. a. tise oe ere ay oo en, eae 1, 200. 00 Auwo messengers: at SOOO. 2 ous). eee ei ais tee ea ia ey 1, 200. 00 (OS TREU SCOTS =) 01) kis ees etek be wh eves ney MH PSR RAS PM Ee Mtl eS ON 540. 00 MU NYO IOCSSCH GEIS, ab ASO ee ane nye ee tape eth le See Cs ala ius eg A 960. 00 Ewioumessenters;, ab $3001 eo. face canes Ge Ge Ce eee eee nen ee 720. 00 Monn messencers) at Ge40) ose oe Gerecue come ae eee ce cleans mss wcuans ue 960. 00 — 7, 980. 00 ry In presenting these schedules to Congress I have shown what would be the cost of the administration of the Museum, in respect to salaries alone, if it were organized after the manner of the Executive Depart- ments of the Government. ¢ The salary list alone amounts to $199,121, and the amount expended in the previous fiscal year for other purposes was $45,000, a sum which might most advantageously be doubled. Iam not prepared at present to recommend the adoption of such a schedule of classified service, since I am of the opinion that the Museum at the present time has greater need of money to be used in the acqui- sition of new material by purchase and exploration. The opportunities — for making collections are yearly growing less, and many things which can now be done at trifling expense will in a few years be imprac- ticable. in REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 39 The system of appropriation for specific objects, without designating the number of employés or the amounts of their salaries, has in the past been found to be economical and efficient, and although the neces- sity of the change to a classified service may arise at some later time, I trust that it may be deferred for the present. The amount asked for in the estimates for the fiscal year of 1891~92; for the “ preservation of collections,” is intended to provide for a certain amount of increase of the collections, and also to provide for the pay- ment of certain salaries. Increase of the collections.—At the close of the fiscal year (June 30, 1889) a very careful estimate showed that the collections were sixteen times as great in number of specimens as in the year 1882. I desire to eall your attention especially to the statements bearing upon this point. The Museum, as I have already said, is growing as it is fitting that the National Museum of a great country should grow, and it is not only necessary to care for what is already here, but to provide for the recep- tion and display of the great collections which will unquestionably be received in the immediate future. The extent and character of the accessions during the year is shown in the appended table, from which it appears that the total number of specimens in the Museum is now not far from 3,000,000: ” Statistics of accessions to National Musewm Collections, “REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. ~— Name of department. | 1882, Arts and industries: Materia MAS ICA es 2s /eese EN Oi LO ee Ne soe Ce 4, 000 « OOO SE Leo a ees eas Nae Ra | Un ee be Pe Mextiles (os 90es nos eG BOTAN Daeg Ae Lisa ISH ERLEG pit 2 shen eaes See aN ae pias Amimal products 7S: wyches alee es Navalarehifecture ssi 0 hoo se ai Historical me)ies yey i nosey Sees Coins, medals, paper money, etc-.-..-.. Masical instruments =... 2-22-22... : Modern pottery, porcelain, and bronzes Pambsiand dyes fou wee ee so Sees ems ‘othe CatliniiGallery vs). Sos See Physicaliapparatus 2c il oe tan eeu ae On Weyer Ou Mag se eR aaa 2 aha a nh te ekg | Oh aes dy La at Chemicalprod mets 2.0552 bie oe Sie ee ee COMO yi se epee coe Sis clench are aloe eee es ae NEON Ss ae American aporicinal: pottery 2226) 22s eee ee VO es Sao AAO See Oriental antiquities: 22226 a25) 2. S28 ek eile a ee Prehistoric anthropology -.-.----....----. 39, 512 40, 491 45, 262 |... -5 En Mammals (skins and alcoholics). ..--...... 4, 660 4,920 5, O94T ie aoe es EEO Sy eel ie Ee Ue ag Sen een AAS SA 47, 246 50,350 se eee PUN SRO OOS ee Fy Se AEs A A eee Ls ha an AU a 405072) | Meee ih Repumles and Patrachians) eee some wee keno snes tail snails 23, 495. |g PWG SE ret Oe NL ay i ea el 50, 000 65, 000 68; 0003 sae eae 2 Mio lisa Maho sie ee oN ae apes 2 RE ae SOTO) ae ene ee A400, 000 2 = ues f SECS eee or See eee iia eh Danae oe harry A OO Oi: eee enemas 4151, 000) areas Sa ie Marinelinvertebrates .-o.26 2 eles eee ole 311,781 | 314, 825 "| S200, 000) aaa 3° Comparative anatomy: . : haan Ostenlopy ers seeecte monies aoe eee 3, 000 3, 640 4, 2145 ese ‘ JN ARE H 0) 60g ae Ce la Ste Sk PI Nae 70 103 3,000 see i PA POZOLE HOSSILA Sa esse ars a ele Ae a la ae 20, 000 735/000 piers eee ieee MES ZOIC TOSSES iia tree ciate Ae Tea ree le Pa a) eso Mba AI a 100; :000))) eee Cenozoic fossilae oer oo Nosed ae See (Included with mollusks.) ).---.--- a Bossip lan ts ee oe ts) aie aoe Se oe Ske al ee EN 4, 624 87, 291 oe eae Recenbip lange: 2o not 226 Shea cece ae ee Ne ic kre ae wos SE a a I rn FEET SR ee oak De RSME Oe Fm 14, 550 IG OLUs |e aes Lithology and physical geology-.-.......--- 19, 075 12, 500 18; 000 | Sosa Metallurgy and economic geology... .-.--.|---------- 30, 000 40) 000)\2 2 eee es DAV INe ANIMA Ss... obec ages kee ba eC ee I OEE eel Sep oie oe sae Casale ane Ota Soest bee ance ee ae elcome s 193, 362 | 263,143;| 47270000) sae ay Be 1 No census of collection taken. 5 Estimated. aay Including paints, pigments, and oils. 6 Fossil and recent. MF 3 Catalogue entries. 7In reserve series. ze 4Professor Riley’s collection numbers 15,000 spe- cimens. a Name of department. 1885~s6. Arts and industries: Peviateria MEGIGA, * ..2/ 4-4-2501 55. 4, 850 LED G0 Sh gp Ey EE AP I Se Pe 1822 “LT PEECUITASTS DP ibd = er a 3, 063 RISHERICN (Woes ce Ne sient. eh ous 19, 870 AnIMAr PrOdUCtS) 52." 22. 2, 792 Mev alia GHILECCHULG pe sisien cs o- sciece|cieoe ers ses insstonical:- relies. 23 oesS eS. 1, 002 Coins, medals, paper money, etc. 1, 005 Musical instruments.........-.-.. 400 Modern pottery, porcelain, and SROMVAGS 2S ie SoReal S Pe daa 2,278 Ramis and Gyes- sss so 5 s25<2. Ti “@he Catlin Gallery” ..052---22- 500 Physical apparatus.......----.-- 250 Milman OMS: =o. toes eels ae 1197 Chemical products Behe ee Da ses 1659 PPB MEROORY Ce ce as baa 4500, 000 American aboriginal pottery. -..-.-..-.. 25, 000 Pena AMULPUTHLOS 2s. 2). SL Se ee eae a Prehistoric anthropology..---..----- 65, 314 Mammals (skins and alcoholics) --.--- 7,451 DELI abet DS el a er 55, 945 BIsMEGNROGOS meet. kes Yea) 2o Eels 44,163 Reptiles and batrachians ....-....--- 25, 344 ee eee sie ey oe occ See 75, 000 ASU S) STs So er a 6460, 000 LINERS. (28 eg Sie an A a ee er 4500, 000 Marine invertebrates Le CAST gi RE AEA 4350. 000 Comparative anatomy: cay SOS QIK R COR rane) Soci GS 10, 210 MVGHUONED Yin ie fins eet Sac Se Soe ok Een eOAGle.tOSSILS).. 222. 5255624052. 5. 80, 482 MEROZUIC TOASTS 209s 2 Sooo ek 69, 742 CempAgie MOSAUIS: 6.5/5 4S ese) eee aula eS eee Mosse plants. oso Noes s bse. Ses Sets 77, 429 PeeCHppIIN ES? to. Ne eS de oe 30, 000 Toc TDG TEs LEYS Beep i hI a 18, 401 Lithology and physical geology ...-... 20, 647 Metallurgy and economic geology.. -- 48, 000 Pravin animals secs.) oe Sele les. coke LCL ea a a 2, 420, 944 1Duplicates not included. 2? Foods only. 3No entries of material received during the year have been made on the catalogue. i REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. At } Statistics of accessions to National Museum collections, 1886 to 1880. 4Hstimated. 52.235 are nests. 6 Including Cenozoic fossils. 7 Exclusive of Professor Ward’s collection. 1886~'87. | 1887838. | 1883~89. 5,516 5, 762 5, 942 2877 3377 911 3,144 33144 3, 222 10,073 | 910,078 310, 078 9) 329 3) 822 2) 948 as ese Wan ce oe 3600 ; 13,634 |. 14,640] 514, 90 417 427 3427 2, 238 3, 011 53, O11 100 3100 109 500 35,00 3500 251 3951 8951 198 3198 213 661 | 3661 688 503,764 | 505,464 | 506,324 496,022 | 427/192 28, 292 TSE A ARN SOS oh tS 350 101,659 | 108, 631 116, 472 7,811 8) 058 8) 975 54.987 | 56, 484 57, 974 648,173 | 50, 055 50,173 97°542 | 27,664 28) 405 100,000 | 1017350} — 107,350 425,000 | 455,000 | 462, 000 455,000 | 595,000 | 603, 000 450,000 | 515,000 | 515, 300 411,022 | 11,558 11, 753 81,491 | 84,649 91, 126 70,775 | 70,925 71, 236 8,462 | 10, 000 10, 178 439° 000 | 38, 000 38) 459 12,601 | 21,896 27, 690 #1'500 | 22/500 27) 000 449,000 | 51, 412 52, 076 ek eee 220 491 2, 666, 335 | 2,803,459 | 2,864,244 427° “REPORT OF THE SECRETARY (0) 0.0m sg Catalogue entries—The number of entries made in the catalogues of fi: the various departments in the Museum during the year has” been 23,171. The registrar states that 16,625 boxes and packages* have been re. ceived during the year and Salen upon the transportation records -of the Smithsonian Institution. Of this number 2,182 contained speci- mens for the Museum. . PRINCIPAL ACCESSIONS TO THE COLLECTIONS. Among the collections received during the year, those from the U.S. ‘Geological Survey and the Bureau of Ethnology are especially note- worthy. The material transferred by the U.S. Fish Commission to the National Museum included two very valuable collections made by the steamer Albatross during the voyage from Washington to San Fran- -cisco and while cruising off the coast of Alaska. The accessions received during the year from general sources are fully up to the standard of previous years. Among the most important are the following : Hthnological.—Collections from Dr. James Grant Bey, of Cairo, Egypt, and from Mr. W. W. Rockhill, formerly connected with the German legation in Pekin, the former collection from Egypt, the latter illus- trative of the religious practices, occupations, and amusements of vari- ous peoples in different parts of China, Thibet, and Turkestan; a col- lection of oriental seals from Mrs. Anna Randall Diehl, of New York City; casts of Assyrian and Egyptian objects obtained by Prof. Paul Haupt, of Johns Hopkins University. The valuable co-operation of the Bureau of Ethnology is evidenced in the transmission of a large and interesting collection of pottery, stone implements, woven fabrics, shells, beans, etc., collected by Major — J. W. Powell, Arthur P. Davis, Gerard Fowke, Dr. E. Boban, Dr. H. C. Yarrow, James Stevenson, Dr. J. 8. Taylor, C. C. Jones, James D. Mid- dleton, General G. P. Thruston, James P. Tilton, H. P. Hamilton, Victor Mindeleft, H.W. Henshaw, G. H. Hurlbut, W. W. Adams, De L. W. Gill William A. Hakes, W. H. Holmes, and Charles L. R. Wheeler. This col- lection was the result of personal research in the following localities: Mexico, Peru, New Mexico, Wisconsin, California, Arizona, Alabama, . ‘Georgia, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Massachusetts, New York, and Vir- ginia. Archcological.—Collection of aboriginal pottery from Lake Apopka, Florida, contributed by Dr. Featherstonehaugh, and a collection of simi- lar material from Perdido Bay, Alabama, presented by Mr. F. H. Par- sons, of the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey; a large collection of pre- historic weapons and ornaments from graves in Corea, presented by Mr. *An increase of 4,225 over the number received last year. : REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 43 P.L. Jouy; a valuable collection of prehistoric antiquities, for the most part from the Ohio River Valley, deposited by Mr. Warren K. Moore- head, of Xenia, Ohio. Mammals.—A full-grown moose collected and presented by Col. Cecil Clay, of the Department of Justice; a fresh specimen of Sowerby’s whale, contributed by Capt. J. L. Gaskell, keeper of the United States Life-Saving Station at Atlantic City; a skin of Ovis musimon, a skele- ton of Monachus albiventer, and several European bats, received from the Royal Zoological Museum at Florence, Italy; three specimeus of American elk presented by Hon. W. F. Cody; a Rocky Mountain sheep, contributed by Mr. George Bird Grinnell, of New York. Birds and Birds’ Eggs.—A rare collection of birds from the Na- tional Museum at Costa Rica; a valuable collection of skins from the Old World, presented by Dr. C. Hart Merriam, of the Department of Agriculture; a collection of Japanese birds, purchased from Mr. P. L. Jouy, of the National Museum; bones of Pallas cormorant, collected at the Commander Islands, Kamtchatka, by Dr. Leonhard Stejneger, of the National Museum, the only bones of this bird extant; a collee- tion of typical Australian birds in alchohol, from the Australian Mu- seum, Sydney, New South Wales; an interesting collection of birds’ eggs and nests, presented by Mr. Dennis Gale, of Gold Hill, Colo.; eggs of Cardellina rubrifrons, new to the collection and to scieuce, con- tributed by Mr. William W. Price, of Tombstone, Ariz. Fishes.—Collections of fishes from the Gulf of California, transmitted by Messrs. O. P. Jenkins, of De Pauw University, and B. W. Evermann, of the State Normal School at Terre Haute, Ind.; a collection of fishes from New Zealand, sent in exchange from the Otago University Museum, at Dunedin, New Zealand. Mollusks.—A valuable collection of marine and terrestrial shells pre- sented by Messrs. F. B. and J. D. McGuire, of Washington. Insects.—A \arge series of insects purchased from Dr. Taylor Town- send by the Department of Agriculture and transferred to the museum ; an extensive series of dried Coleoptera presented by Mr. G. W. J. Angell, of New York. Marine Invertebrates.—A. collection of crustaceans from Japan, ob- tained by Mr. Romyn Hitchcock, of the National Museum; specimens _ of marine invertebrates collected by Lieut. J. F. Moser, of the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, at Cape Sable, Florida. if Fossils. cry wane tees: of Crepe fossils resented by) es of ba Mr. C. D. Walcott, of the U.S. Coping Survey. Botany.—Herbarium specimens from Dr. Ferdinand von Miiller, of i) Melbourne, Australia; a series of specimens of alge from the New he England coast, Teentaal by Mr. IF. 8. Collins, of Malden, Mass.; agat- — ized wood from the Drake Manufacturing Cannan Sioux Falls, Dak.; fossil leaves from Constantine von Httingshausen, of the University of Gratz, Austria-Hungary. . Geology.—Specimens of ancient and modern marbles from Europe — and Africa received in exchange from the Museum of Natural History © in Paris; a series of metamorphic and eruptive rocks, presented bynes Prof. O. A. Derby, of the National Museum of Brazil; a collection ofr i minerals consisting of nearly 1,400 specimens, and obtained by Prof. S. L. Penfield, of the U. S. Geological Survey, in St. Lawrence County, N. Y.; a similar collection gathered by Mr. W. F. Hillebrand, of the U.S. Geological Survey, in Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona; a series of petroleums and related material collected by Prof. S. F. Peckham, of Providence, BR. I., in connection with his work for the Tenth Census. Miscellaneous.—The following specially important collections have — also been added to the collections during the year: A collection of drugs, from Dr. J. W. Jewett, examiner of drugs, custom-house, New York City, and a collection of similar material transmitted by the royal gardens at Kew; a valuable collection of photo-mechanical process work presented by Prof. Charles F. Chandler, of Columbia College, New York; — General Washington’s toilet-table deposited by Mrs. Thomas C. Cox, of Washington; account-book belonging to General Washington, to- gether with a number of engravings and other personal property of _ General Washington, deposited by Mr. Lawrence Washington, of. | Virginia; an interesting collection of coins, including specimens of the _ ‘‘hook money” and other coins of the native princes of India, from Hon. W.T. Rice, United States consul at Horgen, Switzerland; a model. — of the locomotive “Old Ironsides,” built by Matthias Baldwin in 1832, — x and presented by the Baldwin Locomotive Works; a model of Trevi- thick’s locomotive, built in 1804 by Mr. D. Ballauf, from drawings , lent to the Museum; a stereoscope with examples of the daguerreotype process, and the old atone process on glass received from Mrs. E. te processes presented by Mr. J. W. Osborne, of Washington. Saini , & snes REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 45 _ the most valuable collections received during the year were obtained through the co-operation of Government officials, and are referred to at length in the report on the Museum for this year. Co-operation of Departments and Bureaus of the Government.—The Mu- seum has received, as in past years, many valuable contributions from United State consuls, officers of the Army and the Navy, and through the co-operation of the Departments and Bureaus of the Government. Through the courtesy of the Department of State the work of col- lectors in foreign countries has been greatly facilitated. The Secretary of the Treasury has issued several permits for the free entry of Museum material. The Secretary of Agriculture. has expressed his willingness to co- operate with the National Museum in the matter of making a forestry exhibit, and Dr. B. E, Fernow has been appointed honorary curator of the collection. | By direction of the Postmaster-General the Superintendent of the Dead Letter Office has been instructed to inform the Museum of the receipt in his office of specimens which might be of value for addition to the collections. ‘The Superintendent of the Coast and Geodetic Survey has, as in pre- _ vious years, aided our work in many ways. Photographic exhibit.—A collection intended to show the uses of photography was prepared by Mr. T. W. Smillie, of the National Mu- seum, for exhibition at the Cincinnati Exposition. This collection in- cluded valuable contributions of photographs from Prof. EH. C. Picker- ing, of Harvard University, Mr. J. W. Osborne, of Washington, and from several officers connected with the Government service, notably the Light-House Board, the Army Medical Museum, and the proving ground at Annapolis. At the close of the Exposition this collection was returned to the Museum, and is now being prepared, in connection with additional material which has since been received, for permanent exhibition. It is intended that the scope of this exhibit shall be en- larged so as to take the form of a historical collection in which shall be shown examples of every photographic process that has been in- vented, together with the appliances used, beginning with the photo- graph of the solar spectrum as made by Sheele in 1777. Considerable material has been already gathered which will be incorporated in this collection. The first camera made in the United States has been ac- quired by purchase. A stereoscope containing daguerreotypes and transparencies by the old albumen process on glass has been presented by Mrs. E. J. Stone. The Scoville Manufacturing Compauy of New York has presented a series of cameras showing the latest improve- ments, and from the Eastman Dry Plate Company, of Rochester, N. Y., ae x Ks AG an REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. has Beet received a Kodak camera, fooerier with a series of e 1 photographs illustrating its use. Distribution of duplicate specimens.—Duplicate specimens, to the num- ver of 11,382, were distributed during the year among museums, colleges, — ‘ and fnaividaale. The following table shows the character and extent of ‘i these distributions : ¥, x Nature of ge re distributed. Ae ag ue f Pith molopy goes ai nee ee SN AU AU Cae RE Raa ARE Supt ee eA a 268 American Prebis boric POLLEN Vi tos eee cic e ele sleet ec cyl tele ee ee 32 Prehishoric anthropolopiys Myce eek c Lee Pry Nh Ue a ee 833 — TUE eT 0 01: 1 FS Pepe eS IR ATES Me Ae Nace AD SO ee iy a Oe AR SR mas RU 42 Binds eee ee a ee Lela ec Ge Se atte ese eure ae 636 TICS? NO O'S ee a ayn ths Rode eae yn Ae ie SOG AL sack SC 3 EVE BELG See ce bays ate Guy oO Bala ENA ERS ee UR UR 47 TORUS) AV/2¥ Spa ALE Soca ai Aly al tee ea EN epee pM N oaros Gey NEAT 39 IMO mS kes y ee beers Noha Serhan LS RL i ha a INS ee a 369 TMS eC iets aie tars cei Oe eis Se RE kA id Ve A Le ee 197 IM TING IM VET GGT Ahes ssi. ue! Sone ole ate ORCI I S OE oO aan a QNOT2 ie invertebrate tosses; ase ai Le ee Se Ud ik ea eae ae 998 Hossilcandirecenbiplamns Woke eee es cite le a Oey oe SL) ra ee aa 2,945. AVES ipa eh ses Pea Ts 2 tate a WN tan Ih aN es eee Ue cee seen 2, 370, NRG) Ol rg SA ins Aa oe rey at te SONA re ated Mam ali eee eM NA smn oss Shape tL at SI 804 Rast 2h 2 UM ah app Phe ee Ua IES La RUBE rane MeN PABLO Nl Sania i Sia 58 Photographs’ and. draw im gs: oye ca Oe Ss es a yee dee le ee : 79 ae a t Ie 21 ieee i es Alea Diem eT eat RM ONT A Rae ay Week YP aaa YS | 11, 382 The decrease in the number of specimens thus given away, aS com- pared with last year, is accounted for by the fact that only 2,072 speci- mens of marine invertebrates have been distributed this year, while last year 24,750 specimens of this class were presented to applicants. Eliminating this class of specimens, the number distributed this year is double that oflast year. The number of requests for duplicate specimens — increase yearly. It is hoped that in the future it may be possible for the ~ Museum to extend its usefulness in this important part of the work- © The material now available for distribution is quite inadequate tosupply — thedemand. The curators of mineralogy and of geology obtained a large quantity of material during the past summer for this special purpose, — As soon as it has been classified and arranged into sets, an endeavor will be made to fill the many applications for mineralogical and litho- , logical material now awaiting action. The matter of making up sets of oh duplicate bird-skins is now receiving careful attention, there being much of such material available for distribution. ve Ry. Sian mess! ua, J REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. At _ Accessions to the library—The number of publications added to the library during the year is 6,052, of which 648 are volumes of more than 100 pages, 903 are pamphlets, 4,343 are parts of regular serials, and 158. charts. The most important accession was the gift by the heirs of the late Dr. Isaac Lea, consisting of 137 volumes, 276 “parts,” and 693- pamphlets, and including a nearly complete series of the “ Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London.” There are now nineteen sectional - libraries attached to the several curatorships in the Museum. Publications of the Musewm.—The issue of Museum publications during the year has been unusually small, owing to the pressure of Congres. sional work at the Printing Office during the long Congressional session of 1888, which caused the Museum work to be set aside. A number of ‘special publications are partially completed, and will be issued soon after the beginning of the next fiscal year. During the year volume 10 of Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum’ (1887) was issued. This contains viii + 771 pages and 39 plates. It includes 78 papers by 26 authors, 10 of whom are officers of the Museum. Nearly three-fourths of the papers relate to birds and fishes. In the appendix is printed acatalogue of the exhibit prepared. by Mr. S. R. Koehler, in charge of the section of graphic arts, for the _ Ohio Valley Centenial Exposition. ‘Special papers were prepared by the curators of several departments, in connection with the exhibits for this exposition, which will be reprinted in Section UI of the Museum report for the present year. Bulletin 33 of the United States National Museum, “A catalogue of minerals and their synomyms alphabetically arranged for the use of museums” by Prof. T. Egleston, Ph. D., of Columbia’ College, was issued in May. This volume contains a complete catalogue of the names of minerals and their synonyms, and will be of much value to students of mineralogy and others interested in this science. The assistant secretary in charge of the Museum has submitted a statement reviewing the history of the publications of the Museum, and making certain suggestions with a view to increasing the extent of the editions and to the establishment of a systematic method of distribu- tion. From this statement I quote the following remarks and recom- _mendations relating to the Proceedings and Bulletin: ‘““The Proceedings was established for the purpose of securing prompt publication of the discoveries in the Museum. In order to secure this object the printing has been done, signature by signature, as fast as mat- ter was prepared. A certain number of signatures has always been dis- tributed, as soon as published, to scientific institutions and specialists. _ The number of sets of signatures thus distributed has been in the neigh- borhood of 200. f “This method of publication has seemed to be to some extent waste ful, and it is thought that equally good results may be secured by dis- tributing a certain number of the advance copies in the form of authors? extras. In making arrangements for the printing of Volume XII it « SPR ES iA f yi , y) ABS REPORT OF THE | SBORETARY. livered in signatures as fast as Pera and 300 in extras or ‘reprin in paper covers, of which 50 are to be given to the authors and remainder distributed to specialists in the various departments to wh the papers relate, who are not otherwise provided with the public: tion; while the 800 remaining volumes are to be bound previous to dis- i tribution. f ‘In special instances, where a given paper in the Proceedings 1 is be- | lieved to possess great general interest, it has been customary to print a considerable number of extra copies. : ‘The publication of the Proceedings and the Bulletin was at first paid for from the printing fund of the Interior Department, with which the Museum was at that time in close relations in respect to financial — matters. Subsequently it was paid for from the fund for the printing © of Museum labels, estimates for which were annually submitted by the © Secretary of the Institution. The amount asked for was usually $10,000. In the Book of Estimates the Museum appeared as asking a certain sum — for printing, though the money was actually included in the gross sum allotted to the Interior Department as a printing fund. Mi “In 1882, a separate appropriation was made for the first time, in these words: ‘For the National Museum, for printing labels and blanks and for the Bulletins and annual volumes of the Proceedings of the Museum, ten thousand dollars.’ ; “In 1888 the appropriation for the fiscal year 1888-9 was made in the same words, but was not included, as heretofore, in the appropriations for the Department of the Interior. “The edition of the earlier volumes of the Proceedings and Bulletins © was usually only 1,000, of which a portion was distributed by the De- — partment of the Interior and a portion by the Museum. The number received by the Museum being sometimes 500 and sometimes as few as 250. The edition placed at’the disposal of the Museum being so small, and withal so uncertain as to extent, the distribution was always of — necessity informal, and no effort was made to supply a regular list of institutions and specialists. A considerable number was expended — in the work of the Museum, and the remainder were sent to corres- pondents of the Museum in exchange for publications, for specimens, and incidentally to such institutions as might apply for copies, as well as to individuals, especially students who made it evident that they were in a position to make good use of the books. ‘‘ Formal publication was undertaken by the Smithsonian Institution, ~ it being the intention that the first cost of composition and electrotyping — having been provided for by the special Congressional appropriation, — the Smithsonian Institution should avail itself of the electrotype plates — and use them in making up certain volumes of the Miscellaneous Col- — lections. The papers published in the Proceedings and Bulletins of. the Museum were of precisely the same character which, since 1862, had made up the great majority of the most important papers in ~ the Miscellaneous Collections. The Institution undertook to print — an edition of 1,200 copies in the form of volumes of the Miscellaneous — Collections and to distribute them to the principal libraries of the © world. This was, at the time, regarded as advantageous, since the | cost of composition and electrotyping made up at least two-thirds es the cost of the edition of 1,200, while the miscellaneous distribution, for which the Institution, in the case of similar publications printe at its own expense, had been accustomed to provide, was now already arranged for out of the preliminary issue of several be ¢ : paid for from the Museum fund. é on ; REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 49 “The first four volumes of the Proceedin gs and the first sixteen num- bers of the Bulletin were published in this manner. “Since 1883 no publication of the Bulletins has been made, and none has been made in the case of the Proceedings since 1882. _ There remain unpublished eleven volumes of the Proceedings and twenty-one numbers of the Bulletin—in all, enough to make ten thick volumes of the Miscellaneous Collections. Possibly, by condensation and omissions, the number might be reduced to nine volumes. If the Institution were to undertake to print the edition of 1,000 now cus- tomary in the case of the Miscellaneous Collections, the cost would be not Jess than $9,000. The same amount expended by the Institution in printing fresh matter would probably not produce more than one and one half volumes, or at most two volumes, of Miscellaneous Collections. “The Institution is possibly under obligations to provide for the pub- lication of these papers, since in the advertisement to each volume of the Bulletin as late as 1887 (Bulletin 33) appears the statement that ‘from time to time the publications of the Museum which have been issued separately are combined together and issued as volumes of the Miscellaneous Collections.’ ‘As a matter of fact, however, the publication of an edition of 1,000 copies by the Smithsonian Institution would not really meet the neces- sities of the case, since it would leave unsupplied a very large number of libraries quite as deserving as those already on the distribution list.” It seems, in view of all these facts, that it is not desirable that the Institution should undertake hereafter the publication of the Mu- seum Bulletin and Proceedings, since it is evident that these will in- crease in bulk from year to year, and that the demand upon the Insti- tution would very soon become too burdensome. Dr. Goode suggests that Congress be requested to increase the appropriation for the Mu- seum printing to $18,000 in order that an edition of 2,000 copies may be printed in addition to the customary number. If this arrangement should be carried out, the Smithsonian Institution would be relieved of the responsibility of providing for the publication of these documents. The issue of the enlarged edition would commence with volume 13 of the Proceedings and with Bulletin 40 or 41. In considering the question of publishing back volumes of the Proceedings and Bulletin, Dr. Goode remarks: ‘“‘ When we come to the question of the publication of the back vol- umes, volumes 1 to 4 of the Proceedings and Bulletins 1 to 16 may be regarded as published, although not to the extent to which it would seem desirable in the way of supplying local institutions. Of the following, we have in hand enough to make a very fair distribution, viz: Proceed- ings, volumes 10 and 11 and Bulletins No. 33 to 37. Of volumes 5 to 9 of Proceedings and of Bulletins 17 to 32, however, no systematic publi- cation can be made without the printing of an additional number of copies.” _ Students.—In accordance with the policy of past years, free access to - the collections has been granted to students in the various branches. of 328A——4 | Ae a a a pha BOOS REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. natural history, and in many instances specimens have been Tent to 1 specialists for comparison and study. Instruction in taxidermy hate: ! been given to several applicants. Two of these intend to apply the knowledge thus acquired in making collections for the Museum , namely, Lieut. E. H. Taunt, United States consular agent to the Conan and — Mr. Harry Perry, who expects to spend several years in Honduras. Mr. T. W. Smillie has given instruction in photography to the follow- — ing persons: Lieut. E. H. Taunt, Mr. W. H. Perry, Mr. Barton Bean, Mr. Howard, Prof. Daish, and Miss Frances B. Johnston. Special researches.—The special researches of the curators are re- ferred to at length in the report of the National Museum. I may say, in this connection, that the time which those officers are able to devote to work of this kind is very limited, owing to the large amount of mechanical and routine work to which, in the absence of necessary assistance, it is necessary for them to give their personal attention. Meetings and lectures.—The use of the lecture hall has been granted for lectures and meetings of scientific societies, as follows: The Na- tional Dental Association met on July 24, 25, and 26. On the evening of September 20 was held one of the meetings of the Medical Congress, © The American Ornithologists’ Union held its sixth congress on Novem- ber 13, 14, and 15. A meeting of the Department of Superintendence of the National Educational Association was held on March 6, 7, and 8. The National’ Academy of Sciences held its meetings on April 16, 17, and 18. The Council of the American Geological Society and the Ameri- can Committee of the International Geological Congress held business meetings on April 19. The American Historical Association held its fifth meeting in Washington during Christmas week; the evening ses. sions being held at the Columbia University, the morning sessions at the Museum. In the Toner course Dr. Harrison Allen delivered a lecture on May 29 entitled “Clinical Study of the Skull undertaken in connection with the Morbid Condition of the Jaws and Nasal Chambers.” The usual course of Saturday lectures, ten in number, beginning — March 9 and ending May 11, was delivered under the direction of the oint committee of the scientific societies of Washington. i The usual courtesies have been extended to museums and other pub- lic institutions by the gift and loan of drawings and photographs of specimens and copies of Museum labels. fy q - Visitors —The number of visitors to the Museum building is constantly © increasing. The register shows that a total number of 374,843 persons _ i) visited the Museum during the year. This exceeds the number for last — year by 125,818, and shows an increase of more than 50 per cent. P| visitors to the Smithsonian building numbered 149,618, an increase 0. f | 46,177 over last year. On March 2, owing to the Re: of visitors to | ‘REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 51 the city attending the Inauguration cermonies, no less than 19,968 per- | sons visited the Smithsonian and Museum buildings. Personnel.—During the year a department of forestry has been estab- lished, and with the consent of the Secretary of Agriculture, Dr. B. EH. Fernow, chief of the forestry division of the Department of Agriculture, has been appointed its curator. Dr. George Vasey, of the Department of Agriculture, has been ap- pointed curator of botany, and in that capacity controls the botanical collections in the National Museum and in the Department of Agri- culture. Prof. Paul Haupt, curator of Oriental antiquities in the Na- tional Museum, was designated as the representative of the Smithsonian Institution at the Kighth International Congress of Orientalists, to meet in Stockholm and Christiania in September. Prof. Otis T. Mason was instructed to proceed to Europe to visit the principal ethnological mu- seums of France, Germany, Denmark, and England, for the purpose of making arrangements for the increase of the collections at the U.S. National Museum, and incidentally, through the study of methods of installation, of providing for the more effectual preservation and utiliza, tion of these collections. Mr. Thomas Wilson was directed to proceed to Europe to visit the principal museums of France, England, and Dublin for the purpose of studying the methods of installation employed by the European museums. On August 13, Mr. Silas Stearns, of Pensacola, Fla., who for many years has been a correspondent of the Smithsonian Institution, and has made important collections of fishes in the Gulf of Mexico, died at _ Asheville, N. C. Explorations.—During the summer of. 1888, Mr. George P. Merrill, curator of geology, made a collecting trip to North Carolina, Pennsyl- -vania, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Maine. Large collections of rocks were obtained for the Museum. Mr. Thomas Wilson, curator of prehistoric anthropology, visited mounds in Ohio, and made interesting collections. Ensign W. L. Howard, U.S. Navy, who, acting under orders from the Navy Department, sailed for Kotze- bue Sound in May last, is making collections in Alaska for the National Museum. Prof. O. P. Jenkins, of De Pauw University, Indiana, is vis- iting the Hawaiian Islands for the purpose of collecting fishes. A series of his specimens has been promised for the National Museum. In August Dr. W. F. Hillebrand, of the U. S. Geoglogical Survey, visited some of the Western States and Territories partly with a view to making collections of minerals. These will eveutually be incorporated with the Museum collections. Centennial Exposition of the Ohio Valley and Central States.—The act of Congress directing the Executive Departments of the Government, the Department of Agriculture, and the Smithsonian Institution (includ- . ay . Are at by a‘ Mt e ie 5 hvitk Vr ic be aes. ene wie me M596) My \ Ne Ue ats Ra thts odes ES | (52 ais ‘ REPORT. OF THE. bag = dent on May 28. In addition to ae a joint resolution was ad ed in which the true intent of the act was declared, with a view to cot recting certain misapprehensions which had arisen in regard to t et objects for which the money appropriated by Congress in connection — with this exhibition could be legally expended. This joint resolution was approved by the President on July 16. A copy of the act and of the joint resolution will be found in the report of the assistant secre-_ tary for 1889, wherein is also published a full account of the exhibit prepared Hee the direction of the Smithsonian Institution in accord-— s ance with the terms of the act referred to. Of the $50,000 appropriated — for the Smithsonian Institution $10,000 was set apart for the U. 8S. Fish Commission. About 42,000 square feet of exhibition space were reserved for the Government exhibits, 12,000 square feet being devoted — _ to that of the Smithsonian Institution. The assistant secretary was ~ on May 29 appointed representative of the Smithsonian Institution, — and active operations for the preparation of a creditable display were immediately commenced. It was unfortunate that only a little more than a month intervened between the passage of the act and the open. ing of the exhibition. The Smithsonian Institution has, however, had — a varied experience in preparing exhibits at a short notice. The first car-load of exhibits left for Cincinnati on June 22, and the last of the twelve car-loads which were sent was shipped on July 12. The follow- | ing departments of the National Museum were represented at the exhi- bition, the number of square feet assigned to each being also given : Department. feats Prehistorie anbhropology) to o.s3 45. ta- : 2 eee if REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 65 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY, ANNUAL REPORTS. - First Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, 1879-80. 1881. xxxv, + 603 pp. 8vo. Second Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, 1880-81. 1883. xxxvii, -+- 477 } pp. . 8vo. Third Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, 1881-82. 1884. Ixxiv, + 606 pp. _ 8vo. Fourth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, 1882~’83. 1886. Ixxiii, + 532 pp. 8vo. Fifth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, 188384. 1887. liii, + 564 pp. 8yvo.- Sixth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, 188485. 1888. lvii, + 675 pp. 8yo. CONTRIBUTIONS. Contributions to North American Ethnology, Vol. I. 1877. xiv, -+ 361 pp. 4to. Contributions to North American Ethnology, Vol. III. 1877, 3. 635 pp. 4to. Contributions to North American Ethnology, Vol. 1V. 1881. xiv, + 281 pp. 4to. Contributions to North American Ethnology, Vol. V. 1882. 112. 32. xxxvii, + 237 pp. Ato. INTRODUCTIONS. Powell, J. W. Introduction to the Study of Indian Languages, 1877. 104 pp. 4to. Powell, J. W. . Introduction to the Study of Indian Languages. 2nded, 1880. xi, +228 pp. Ato. Mallery, Garrick. Introduction to the Study of Sign Language. 1880. iv, +72 pp, 4to. Yarrow, H.C. Introduction to the Study of Mortuary Customs. 1880. ix,--114 pp. 4to. Mallery, Garrick. Collection of Gesture Signs and Signals. 1880. 329 pp. 4to. Pilling, J.C. Proof-sheets of Bibliography of North American Indian Languages, 1885. xl, +1135 pp. 4to. BULLETIN. Pilling, J.C. Bibliography of the Eskimo Language. 1887. v,+116pp. 8vo. _ Henshaw, H. W. Perforated Stones from California. 1887. 34 pp. 8vo. Holmes, W.H. The use of Gold and other Metals among the Ancient Inhabitants of Chiriqui, Isthmus of Darien. 1887. 27 pp. 8vo. Thomas, C. Work in Mound Exploration of the Bureau of Ethnology. 1887. 15 pp. 8yo. Pilling, J.C. Bibliography of the Siouan Languages. 1887. v, + 87 pp. 8vo. Pilling, J.C. Bibliography of the Iroquoian Languages. 1888. vi, -+ 208 pp. 8vo. _ Pilling, J.C. Bibliography of the Muskhogean Languages. 1889. v, +114 pp. 8vo. Thomas, C, The Circular, Square, and Octagonal Earth-works of Ohio, 1889. 35 pp. 8y0. _ Thomas, C. The Problem of the Ohio Mounds. 1889. 54 pp. 8vo. _ Holmes, W. H. Textile Fabrics of Ancient Peru. 1889. pp.17. 8vo. 328A——5 Gh ek ‘REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. | NECROLOGY. JEROME H. KIDDER. - Dr. Jerome H. Kidder was born in Baltimore County, Md., on the af 26th of October, 1842, and graduated in 1862 at Harvard, where he is still remembered as foremost in the gymnasium as well as on his class- rolls. He immediately then tendered his services for the war, and was i placed in charge of the sea island plantations near Beaufort, 8. C., — where he contracted yellow fever, and was invalided home early in — 1863; but upon recovery enlisted in the Tenth Maryland Infantry, in _which he served as private and non-commissioned officer until the fol- lowing year, when he was selected to be medical cadet, and in that ca- pacity was employed in the military hospitals near the capital. During this time he was prosecuting the study of medicine, and in 1866 re- ceived from the University of Maryland the degree of M. D. In the same year he was commissioned an assistant surgeon in the U.S. Navy, — becoming full surgeon in 1876. Dr. Kidder’s first duty was at Japan, where he quickly Bee the. language of the country, and in other ways established the reputation which attached to him throughout his career for his “capacity for taking pains.” While on this foreign service he was decorated by the King of Portugal in recognition of services toa distressed vessel of His Mae navy. Dr. Kidder took part in observing the transit of Venus at Kerguelen Island, in 1874, as surgeon and naturalist of the expedition, and the ex- cellent results of his scientific labors and researches therewith will be found described in the Bulletins of the U. S. National Museum. After the return of this expedition, Dr. Kidder arranged his specimens and collections in the Smithsonian Institution, and commenced those kindly © and intimate relations with it which continued through his after life, with the regard of all his associates there. In 1878 Surgeon Kidder married, at Constantinople, Annie Mary, daughter of the Hon. Horace Maynard, minister of the United States to Turkey, and in 1884, having inherited an adequate fortune, he re- signed his commission and established his home in: Washington, and here organized the bacteriological laboratory in connection with the Navy Museum of Hygiene, and also made a sanitary survey of the site 4 proposed for the new Naval Observatory, while later he was appointed — chemist of the U. S. Fish Commission, and in that capacity became one of the most trusted advisers of Professor Baird. His laboratory was by in the Smithsonian building, and under the direction of the Secretary — of the Institution he made, at the request of Congress, an exhaustive — study of the ventilation of the Capitol and of the air in the Senate chambers and the hall of the House, and submitted an extended report or the use of the committees engaged upon the Noe? reform of REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 67 building. In 1887, after the death of Commissioner Baird, he served for a time as Assistant Commissioner of Fisheries, under Commissioner Goode. While connected with the Fish Commission he carried on a _successful series of experiments to solve the problems relative to the temperature of living fishes, which have been made public through the reports of the Fish Commission. Besides the reports just referred to, . Dr. Kidder contributed valuable papers to various professional and educational publications, and held for years a place on the literary staff of the New York World, and maintained membership in many learned societies. He was one of the founders of the Cosmos Club, and among the organizers of the Harvard Club in Washington, and a prominent member in the Masonic fraternity. In 1888 Dr. Kidder acvepted from the present Secretary the ap- pointment of curator of laboratory and exchanges. His pleasant past relations to the Institution, and the esteem in which he was held by those connected with it, made the closer connection thus estab- lished agreeable to all; and the writer can not speak in too warm terms of the character of Dr. Kidder as shown in their business rela- tions. His liberal education and views, served by the ‘ capacity for taking pains” already referred to, were all under the control of the most conscientious regard for duty, and made him a valued administra- tor of the department under his charge. He knew how to maintain, to- gether with exact order, the kindliest relations with all employed in it, who, it is safe to say, remember him with an affection and regard due to his excellent personal qualities, an affection and regard which the writer profoundly shares. Just in his best work, in his fullest physical vigor, Dr. Kidder was stricken with pneumonia, and died after a brief illness on the 8th of April, 1889. His attachment to this Institution, which had always been of the peculiarly intimate character, was also oe in a bequest of which I shall elsewhere have to speak. In conclusion, I can not but add to the statement of this great deprivation to the Institution an expression of my sense of persona] loss in the parting with a friend who, in every relation of life, was aman as honorable and worthy of trust as any I have ever known. JAMES STEVENSON. In recording the death of Mr. James Stevenson, which occurred on the 25th of last July, I have to announce the loss of one of the most valuable as well as one of the oldest and most active collaborators of this Institution. Mr. Stevenson was born in Maysville, Ky., in 1840, and while still little more than a boy, in the spring of 1857, ascended the Missouri _ River with the Warren Expedition; and from that time, with the ex- ‘ception of the interval caused by his acceptable services in the civil war, 68 ? REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. he Enaelly and regularly visited the Rocky Mountain’ foptons! first ; and Reynolds, and latterly under that of the U. S. Geological a Bria oe 1) ae T der the auspices of the United States Exploring Expeditions of Warr n of which he became the executive officer when that organization first — took form, a position in which he remained up to the time of his death. — His capacity and integrity were valued not only by the officials of the ri Survey, which he did so much in connection with, but by those of this _ Institution, for which during thirty years he gathered in remote regions _ specimens of natural history, geology, and ethnology, which are per- — manent testimonials of his enterprise and his industry. During the season of 1885 he was engaged in making an extended search among the pueblos in the Moquis and Navajo districts of New Mexico, and in this elevated country he was stricken by the dreaded — disease which lurks there. I met him in this region in 1887, when he was already aroused, though too late, to a sense of his danger, and am glad to recollect the circumstances of an acquaintance that associated him with the regions of the West, in which so much of his life had been — passed, where so much valuable work was done, and where I hadan — opportunity to learn something of his fertility of resource in emergency and in the intimacy of camp life, of the amiable traits of his pee character. ; Mr. Stevenson’s work was.a double one, for he was equally at home in cities, and especially in Washington, where he was extensively known among members of Congress, and where the general confidence reposed in him by them was a deserved tribute not merely to his skill but to his personal integrity. ; Respectfully submitted. S. P. LANGLEY, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. APPENDIX TO SECRETARY’S REPORT. APPENDIX I, PUBLICATIONS OF THE YEAR. SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO KNOWLEDGE. A memoir presented by Prof. Alpheus Hyatt, of Massachusetts Institute of Tech- nology on the ‘‘ Genesis of the Arietidz,” and recommended by Messrs. Alexander Agassiz, Charles A. White, and William H. Dall, was accepted for publication in the series of Contributions to Knowledge, in February last (1889). In order that the print- ing of the memoir might be under the convenient revision of the author, the work was placed in the hands of John Wilson & Son, of Cambridge, Mass, The printing of the treatise is well advanced, and it will probably be completed and distributed during the present year. It will form a volume of about 230 quarto pages, illustrated by 35 figures and 14 plates. Two other publications of the year in the quarto size should be mentioned here, al- though not intended to be included in the collected volumes of the Contributions. No. 671 of the Smithsonian list is ‘‘ Natural History Illustrations prepared under the direction of Louis Agassiz, 1849. The Anatomy of Astrangia Danae. Six litho- graphs from drawings by A. Sonrel. Explanation of the plates by J. Walter Fewkes.” This issue represents merely a fragment of a memoir undertaken forty years ago by the eminent naturalist, Louis Agassiz, on material collected by him during his first dredging excursion in one of the steamers of the U. S. Coast Survey. This memoir, postponed by other occupations, was never completed, and even the original notes are no longer to be found. But the excellence of the drawings made under his direction from living specimens seems to warrant their publication, even at this late day. The text descriptive of the six plates, by Mr. Fewkes, occupies 20 quarto pages. . 672. ‘‘ Natural History Illustrations prepared under the direction of Louis Agassiz and Spencer F. Baird, 1849. Six lithographs from drawings by A. Sonrel. Expla- nation of the plates by David Starr Jordan.” This, like the preceding, represents merely a fragment of a memoir projected by the joint labors of the two distinguished ichthyologists, and in like manner laid aside under the pressure of more immediate duties. The text explanatory of the six plates is comprised in 12 quarto pages. Were these two brochures more recent and more extended they would well deserve a place in the Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS, Taking the various publications for the past year belonging to this series in the order in which they stand in the Smithsonian list, the first is: No. 663. ‘‘ Index to the Literature of Columbium, from 1801 to 1887.” By Frank W. _ Traphagen. This is one of the special bibliographies of chemical literature pub- lished by the Institution on the reoommendation of the committee appointed by the : 69 : § q a ‘ R American Association for the Advancement of Science, for the purpose of pro such indexes. The present number forms an octavo pamphlet of 30 pages, ' 664. “Bibliography of Astronomy for the year 1887.” By William C. Wi This is in continuation of the series of such bibliographies heretofore. appende: the Regents’ annual reports. It forms an octavo pamphlet of 63 pages. —— \_ 665. ‘Bibliography of Chemistry for the year 1887.” By H. Carrington Bolton, we This is a similar continuation: an octavo pamphlet of 13 pages. ne 666. ‘‘ Additions and Corrections to the List of Foreign Correspondents, to Fath ip 1888.” By George H. Boehmer. Octavo pamphlet of 36 pages. \ P tig 667. ‘Systematic Arrangement of the List of Foreign. Correspondents to aay, Sie 1888.” By George H. Boehmer. Octavo pamphlet of 55 pages. dt 675. ‘‘ Report on Astronomical Observatories for 1836.” By George H. Boohmer inh (From the Smithsonian Report for 1886.) Octavo pamphlet of 119 pages. ary 683. ‘‘ Report on Smithsonian Exchanges for the year ending June 30, 1886.” By George H. Boehmer. (From the Smithsonian Report for 1886.) Octavo pamphlet of 30 pages. ah Dea 684. ‘‘ Miscellaneous Papers relating to Anthropology.” (From the Smithsonian Report for 1886.) This collection comprises the following articles: ‘‘ The Ray Collec- — tion from the Hupa Reservation.” By OtisT.Mason. Thirty-five pages, with 26 plates. “A Navajo Artist and his Notions of Mechanical Drawing.” By R. W. Shufeldt. Five pages with 3 plates. ‘‘ Notes on the customs of the Dakotahs.” By Paul Beckwith. Thirteen pages. ‘‘ The Atnatanas, Nativesof Copper River, Alaska. By Henry T. Allen. . Nine pages. ‘‘Indians of the Quinaielt Agency, Washington Territory.” By C. Wil- | loughby. Sixteen pages with 7 figures. ‘‘ The Stone Age of Oregon.” By Myron Eells. Thirteen pages. ‘Charm Stones: Notes on the so-called ‘plummets,’ orsinkers.” By Lorenzo G. Yates. Ten pages with 4 plates. ‘‘ Studies on the Archaeology of Michoa- can, Mexico.” By Nicholas Leon. Twelve pages with 1 plate. ‘‘On someSpurious Mexican Antiquities, and their relation to Ancient Art.” By William H. Holmes, é Sixteen pages with 18 figures. ‘‘ Karth-works at Fort Ancient, Ohio.” By William | M. Thompson. Three pages with 1 figure. Forming in all an octavo pamphlet of 132 pages, illustrated by 26 figures and 34 plates. ; 685. ‘On certain Parasites, Commensals, and Domiciliars, in the Pearl Oysters, Meleagrine.” By Robert E. C. Stearns. (From the Smithsonian Report for 1886.) be : Octavo pamphlet of 6 pages with 3 plates. eh 686, ‘‘ Time reckoning for the Twentieth Century.” By Sandford Fleming. (From re the Smithsonian Report for 1886.) Octavo pamphlet of 22 pages with 5 figures. 687. Catalogue of Publications of the Smithsonian Institution; with a classified list of separate publications, and an alphabetical index of authors and subjects.» By William J. Rhees. This work embraces all the articles published by the Smith- sonian Institution from its organization, in 1846, to the 1st of July, 1886 (a period of forty years), and forms an octavo volume of 383 pages. kn 688. ‘‘Report upon International Exchanges, under the direction of the Smithso- nian Institution, for the year ending June 30, 1888.” By J. H. Kidder, curator. (From the Smithsonian Report for 1888.) Octavo pamphlet of 16 pages. SMITHSONIAN ANNUAL REPORTS. My 668. Report of Samuel P. Langley, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, for it the year ending June 30, 1888. An octavo pamphlet of 126 pages. ‘is 676. Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, show- : ing the operations, expenditures, and condition of the Institution for the year endin Y June 30, 1886. Parti. This part, the report of _the Institution proper, contains the Journal of Proceedings of the Board of Regents at the annual meeting held J anu- ary 13, 1886, the Report of the Executive Committee of the Board of Regents, report of Professor Baird, the Secretary of the Institution, with subsidiary repo. aN hy ; X REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 71 the exchanges for the year, and a list of additions to the number of foreign corre- spondents; followed by the usual ‘‘General Appendix,” in which are given various anthropological papers, by Otis T. Mason, R. W. Shufeldt, Paul Beckwith, Henry T. Allen, C. Willoughby, Myron, Hells, L. G. Yates, Nicholas Leon, William H. Holmes, and W. M. Thompson; also papers by Robert E. C. Stearns, Sanford Flem- ing, List of Astronomical Observatories, by George H. Boehmer, and Catalogue of _ Smithsonian Publications, by William J. Rhees—forming an octavo volume of xviii + 878 pages, illustrated by 31 figures in the text and 37 plates. 677. Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution for the year ending June 30,1886, Part 1. This part relates to the U. S. National Museum (under the direction of the Smithsonian Institution), showing its progress and condi- tion and containing: (1) Report of the Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian In- stitution, G. Brown Goode, upon the condition and progress of the Museum for the year; (2) reports of the curators of the various departments of the Museum; (3) reports upon special collections in the Museum, and papers illustrative of the col- lections: the meteorite collection, by F. W. Clarke; the gem collection, by George F. Kuntz; the collection of building and ornamental stones, by George P. Merrill; the ‘collection of textiles, fibers, and fabrics, by Romyn Hitchcock; preparation of mi- croscopical mounts of vegetable textile fibers, by the same; and how to collect mam- ' mal skins for purposes of study and mounting, by William T. Hornaday; (4) Bibliog- raphy of the National Museum; and (5) list of accessions to the collections; followed by a general index. The whole forms an octavo volume of xi + 842 pages, illus- trated by 23 figures and 20 plates. PUBLICATIONS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 669. Proceedings of the U. 8. National Museum, Vol. x, for 1887. This volume contains deseriptive papers by Tarleton H. Bean, Charles W. Beckham, C. E. Bendire, Charles H. Bollmann, Ellsworth R. Call, E. D. Cope, Carl H. Eigenmann, Charles H. Gilbert, Theodore Gill, O. P. Hay, Elizabeth G. Hughes, David S. Jordan, F. H. Knowlton, S. R. Koelher, George N. Lawrence, Leo Lesquereux, W. Lilljeborg, Edwin Linton, Fred- erick A, Lucas, Jerome McNeill, Richard Rathbun, Robert Ridgway, R. W. Shufeldt, John B. Smith, Leonhard Stejneger, Charles H. Townsend, Frederick W. True, George Vasey, and José C. Zeledon. With a general index, this forms an octavo volume of ‘yiii + 771 pages, illustrated by 39 plates. 674. Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, No. 33. Catalogue of Minerals and their Synonyms, alphahetically arranged for the use of museums. By T. Egleston. Octayo, 198 pages. PUBLICATIONS OF THE BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY. 670. Fifth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smith- sonian Institution. By J. W. Powell, Director. This contains the introductory re- port of the Director, 37 pages, with accompanying papers, as follows: Burial mounds of the northern sections of the United States, by Cyrus Thomas; the Cherokee Nation of Indians, by Charles C. Royce; the mountain chant, a Navajo ceremony, by Wash- ington Matthews; the Seminole Indians of Florida, by Clay MacCauley; the relig- ious life of the Zuii child, by Mrs. Tilly E. Stevenson. The work forms a royal octavo volume of liii + 564 pages, including a general index, and is illustrated 77 figures in the text and 23 plates, 8 of which are chromo-lithographs. me Mn > APPENDIX II. REPORT OF THE CURATOR OF INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGES FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1889. WASHINGTON, D. C., November 20, 1889. Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of the ex- change bureau for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1889. During the greater part of this time the bureau was under the charge of the late Dr. Jerome H. Kidder, whose able administration has contributed largely to its present efficiency. At the date of his death, April 6, 1889, Mr. Boehmer, upon whom the care of the office immediately devolved, reported that the exchange department, for the first time in its history, had disposed of all packages received, and was prepared to close its book accounts. In continuation of the statistics usually presented, the following table exhibits in detail the exchange transactions for each month of the fiscal year: Transactions of the exchange office of the Smithsonian Institution during the fiscal year 188889. 1888, 1889. July. | Aug.| Sept. | Oct. | Nov.| Dec. | Jan. Number of packages received ....| 3,305 |2,754 |12,215 | 5,448 /2, 733 |12,616 | 2,180 _ Weight of packages received (lbs. ) 16, 262 |6, 835 |24, 337 |19, 162 |9, 248 |19, 190 | 6,196 Entries made: SP TATTLE) a a ARC 2,294 12,232 | 2,994 | 4,158 |2,482 | 3,088 | 3,570 GIAO ELC ye eee 2,098 |1,028 | 1,342 | 1,532 |1,896 | 1,590 | 4, 002 Ledger cards: Foreign societies ..-.-...---- A OM ie Stace Ss Olea 4: 3390) eee Domestic societies .....-....- ty OF Ole eee har cre le eta Steen BIGS seas Foreign individuals.--.-....- ASTM bee cesar Sas |e See aes IPS oe cere en Oe gio rere MGIC ICING RUA Sy cea 2 oa ENDO on ecole Sho) an oa. el eoce oe owee eee ae Domestic packages sent..-..-.--. 2,001 | 787 | 1,063 | 1,410 1, 647 | 1,664 | 1,328 Invoreesewrroben.. > saeco 6s Sk Ose. 459 | 199 | 1,889 | 2,034 | 341 788 795 Cases shipped abroad.........--- 16 33 81 73 24 aL 27 Acknowledgments recorded: POreIOH Seno cise carats sc ces 908 | 934 Sie 791 | 700 708 594 Pomestie ss ehels So. d bss osc 558 | 471 373 512 | 686 637 560 Letters: Recordede eee ss aoe oes as 86 87 108 115 93 72 127 Written tone seencaee roses scce 146 | 147 220 166 | 131 201 177 Transactions of the asbihas office of the Sinbthsonien Institution ‘Salaries of foreign agents (London and Leipzig) ...-...:--...-+.--..---- oe Jiscal year 1888~’89—Continued. 1889. Bi Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May. | ink Total. 7 | ios es Number of packages received -| 3, 926 |10, 432. 3,032 | 5 107 |12, 218 | 75, 966 Weight of packages ree’d (lbs. ) 12, 233 |18,972 |9, 931 |12, 002 |25, 560 |179, 928) _ Entries made: Borate nye eee ek 4,560 | 4 304 |3,006 | 5,186 | 8,268 | 46, 142 Domestic. cad 1 .-| 1,542'| 1,302 |1, 282 | 2,078 | 1,164 | 18, 256 Ledger cards Horeion! sociehies ee We he rset ar OM Ne USI Iasi aad 4, 466 IDOMESHLC SOCTELICS 1 ce [Ee Se yt ae aia er teh a a 1, 355 MOL OUET ai ia upa lS Ye ee Re SR NI eRe ee a 4, 699 Donrestie, tnd iva ales afk Pye 8 SE GPL NE ay Va 2,610 Domestic packages sent...-.. - 1,293 | 1,426 | «971 | 2,575)| 1,053.) 17, 218 Invoices written....-..... 2... 886 | 1,371 | 886 985 "| 3, 462 | 14, 095 Cases shipped abroad........- 40 96 oil 57 124 "693 Acknowledgments recorded : x OAT WOveir aes ee COL TN, 491 389 |. 542 424 387 | 7,440. *5SO (ing OMe Rie teat Ne Lua /e), 472 757 | 345 928°). 583 | 6,882 2h 07aa me Letters: i f RROCOFABM Fests ne lae aie 138 111 86 82 112 | 1,214 152 NY TUbDOMY gece ele mee oe Nt 143) OBE MlG/ 16H 102' | 231.) 2, 0500 aw eaGie * Decrease. Or for comparison with the number of packages handled during recent years: j areas Packages. 1886-87. | 1887—’88.| 1888-89. GROVER een oS Ser les tns Mavatita tm TENNER att 52,218 | 75,107 | 75, 9600. i Shipped: DOTA OR UCR foo gc Sed oe ae eS ere ea 10,294 | 12,301 LA 21S VEEL GES [2a eo bla AAEM SATS WR Oy pte) ch CI ARE el UT 41,424 | 62, 306 58,035 The small increase in the number of packages (859) received during 1838-89 as compared with the preceding fiscal years, though offset by the large increase in weight (30,298 pounds), isaccounted for by the fact that a number of regular shipments from Government bureaus were delayed beyond the close of the fiscal year, ; EXPENSE. From an examination of the books of the disbursing officer it appe nie Hee le actual cost of the exchange service for the year has been $17,152.10, divided i fol- ows: Salaries and compensation of employés .....-. .. 2. tee seedee a cdeen ceee §11, 479.95. g Birevoibc elk Sk eee I sa as NOEs yak aa Packing-boxes Peis A ae EENESS Ah arc REAL WPREN A Ope DRAM OTS Oy BTR 9s i EA CPE VU ee SAS Fifteen thousand dollars of this sum were appropriated directly by Congress ‘the expenses of the system of international exchanges HA ea ey under ‘the diree , ad ‘id ‘ 4 - +p ae Kurt td ; ' REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 15 of the Smithsonian Institution,” $1,363.54* were repaid to the Institution by Govern- ment Departments to which specific appropriations had been granted for this pur- _ pose, leaving a deficit of $788.56, which was paid from the Smithsonian fund. Although all of the Government bureaus that have occasion to transmit their publications through the Institution are not provided with funds available for de- fraying the cost of the service, it seems to have been the intention of Congress that its specific appropriation for the exchange business should be supplemented by special appropriations to some of the bureaus and departments of the Government, so that the charge of 5 cents per pound weight imposed by the regents in 1878 might be met by them. The average amount annually repaid to the Institution in this way during the past eleven years has been about $1,400. Dr. Kidder strongly recommended, and I beg to renew his recommendation, that this procedure, for which sufficient reasons existed at the time of its adoption, may now be discontinued as no longer advantageous or economical. By the present system the cost of the service is actually larger than appears in the specific appro- priations for exchanges, and, as the special appropriations to the different Depart- ments vary from year to year and are often omitted altogether, a burden which can not be accurately foreseen, is imposed upon the Smithsonian fund. In order to effect the change contemplated—that is, to collect in a single item the entire appropriation for international exchanges, and at the same time to make allowance for a proper compensation to the ocean steam-ship companies for freight, and to bring the schedule of salaries more nearly up to the standard established for the classified service of the Government—an estimate of $27,500 was submitted for the fiscal year 1889-90. This sum would then have been divided somewhat as follows: Soa TOME <2 2g seg Sac ee SS Ps es tas TE ae es Naa ge ne eR $16, 600 Transportation : May ashiineton to seaboard .-./).- 1.2... cas see pot. Leeuwen en $2, 280 ier LOU DPE ois ae ee aioe al iain! 2 ce; sails yale als pew en us saan) 0, 000 From point cf debarkation to destination.....-.-.-.---....----- 1,750 - 9, 030 ae ese ys 8) 3) Pen IE AE ee ane Gy i Mie ee a 950 ets As oe yee Eee e's nila eh aclaa as tlsie Sc imeiccimedenece ces 920 Piper ie tie aM MNUC LAE is SEBUM he ARR Sa oe eh ae The amount finally appropriated was $15,000, no increase having been granted. CORRESPONDENTS. The number of correspondents has been increased during the year by 2,157, making the total number now upon our books 13,130, classified as follows: Foreign. | Domestic. SPeSieS ROA IN LUMLbLONS Es os cits came tee ieee Jou wl eo Se 4, 466 1, 355 MPRUEVIMIA AIA nee ee ae ce Sou TNS Ui 2 Basen g he Mees 4,699 2, 610 *The items in the report of the executive committee—$2,329.99 under the head of expenditures for exchanges, and $2,189.52 repayments—include receipts and expendi- tures made on account of the preceding fiscal year. Ra ea “REPORT OF THE ssuonbrany, ‘ The Gaducuptidal distribution is— Establish- Country. iene. 2 Ny TEU a ae a a Cok oes Se NO pea aid PoPA PY SMBS OLN EN ES Ha America: SUG SH ADMOLIC AC ec ee ee SONIC ENO Se ee a Central America See see rs eae ee eye a eee . ie Ds SLT ge aU een Ua a Cay a I a 60 20 ee OUP MCAMMETICA Me ee eee Aly Lily pay en eer Re 152 148° 0% MT ITE HS GAGES Foe k iar a ee UA a 1, 355 27610) a8 IVERSEN IMGTES 8 Eo se apa Za Nia ah 8 RA aa of 24 La pee, 1, yi 3,173 ae AN A Des US le Me ih ON aeRO Uae ON Le 145 BES Tae Antstiralasia: Lge ool. TeV ear Uae Pte Rita cn ed iS ies hae eee 130 Oem J Dy ai 0) 0/2 aia a AN ARE RRs espa CP Nig a Mts ABLE AES SS 9e4E Le oc 3, 766 3,802 POLYNESIA ses owe sipaa eficlooaes So dssde eeeled paleo Cea el See 9 HON ee 4G ref BAe RO Md Op Na BIR VASSAL Fa ie aM A NO al I Bier 5, 821 "0 RE SOOF he INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE OF OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS, ETC. The convention between the United States of America, Belgium, Brazil, Italy, Portugal, Servia, Spain, and Switzerland for the international exchange of official documents and scientific and literary publications, as well as the convention between the same countries (excepting Switzerland), for the ‘“‘immediate exchange of the offi- cial journals, parliamentary annals and documents,” was ratified by the President of — the United States on July 19, 1888, but final ratifications were not exchanged by the ~ representatives of the contracting powers until January 14, 1889. The convention ~ was proclaimed on January 25, the day following, and since that date formal notifi- cation has been received of the adhesion to both conventions of the Government of Uruguay. The full text of these conventions was given in the Curator’s report for last year. The adhesion of the United States to the first of these conventions involves no new departure in the exchange service from the methods of previous years; but for the fulfillment of the obligations incurred by the second convention—the immediate ex- change of official journals—an appropriation of about $2,000 to cover the necessary postage and additional clerical assistance is required, and provision should be made for the prompt delivery to the exchange office of the documents referred to. GY) This sum of $2,000 was estimated in reply to an inquiry made by the Secretary of i State, dated Peneaney 12, 1889, as to the ability of the Smithsonian Institution to ; execute all of the provisious of the two conventions without further legislation by — 1 Congress, and the estimate was duly submitted by the Secretary of State ina letter) to the President of the Senate, but no appropriation was made. Brees While the United States is thus bound by formal agreement to an exchange of its ve! ‘ official publications with but eight countries, a full set of all publications received from the Government Printer is transmitted to forty-one countries upon the basis of mutual agreement. ma A complete list of the official depositories for publications sent abroad during the fiscal year, in accordance with the act of Congréss of July 25, 1868, with a statement ng of the number of packages sent and received from each of he countries: ‘repre- sented, is contained in the annexed table: He _ Condition of parliamentary exchanges, 1888-89. f REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 17 Country. Argentine Republic... PSL by bs Mean A ea Ns Badenes sage she Belo ae aoe. Buenos Ayres........- Bratt bgt gl) Denmeare We. awe 3. Great Britain: -22 2's... Gresceee eee ce Le Rib tries te ae ce sa 0 Hamburg Hawaii Japan..-..- =- SUE eae Queensland ...--....-. Ain STR PS ee ae Pree see vais Meee *, Weneztielas. ss .258 2. ViCboriae te yess 20 Wiirtemberg .....-..- Depository. Minister of Foreign Affairs, Buenos Ayres. I. and R. Statistical Central Commis- sion, Vienna. Minister of Foreign Affairs, Karlsruhe. Royal Public Library, Munich..-..--- Royal Public Library, Brussels..--.-.. - Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Proy- ince of Buenos Ayres. Central Commission of Exchanges, Rio Janeiro. Parliamentary Library, Ottawa .----- Legislative Library, Toronto....-...- National Library, Santiago...-.-..... National Library, Bogota ...--......: Royal Library, Copenhagen..---.-... Exchange Bureau, Paris...--. 220-2... Library of the German Parliament, Berlin. British Museum, London-....--..---.. United National and University Li- brary, Athens. Minister of Foreign Affairs, Port-au- Prince. Sent to. No. of publications— Received from. were ee ewes i were es woes ee ere eee wees City Government; Hamburg 2 eslzes eset Sele Minister of Foreign Affairs, Honolulu.|...-..----- Library of the Parliament, The Hague. President of the Hungarian Ministry, Budapest. Secretary to the Government of India, Calcutta. National Vietor Emanuel Library, Rome. Minister of Foreign Affairs, Tokio-... Minister of Justice and Public In- struction, Mexico City. Parliamentary Library, Sydney.-.---.- Parliamentary Library, Wellington... The Royal Government, Christiania -- National Library, Lima --....---..-.. Minister of Foreign Affairs, Lisbon.-.. Royal Public Library, Berlin......-.. Colonial Library, Brisbane...--..-..... Imperial Public Library, St. Peters- burg. Royal Public Library, Dresden. ..-.... Government, Adelaide Government, Madrid.-.-......-...... Royal Library, Stockholm Central Library, Bern Parliamentary Library, Hobart Town. General Ottoman Library, Constan- tinople. University Library, Caracas.......-.. Public Library, Melbourne......_..-. Royal Publie Library, Stuttgart...... cee ese eee -more soncoiaiy with England and Germany. yd If a complete account of all ‘‘ governmental” exchange business carried by ‘ae Smithsonian Institution is made, that is, if all publications sent or received by the ; Government and its bureaus are included, it appears that 9,325 packages were re- _ ceived and forwarded to United States Government Departments, including the Library of Congress, while 25,671 weresent abroad through the exchange service from the same Departments. The So Ten ta tas among the different countries is shown below: Number of publications— { The United States Government, including De- aie partmental Bureaus, in exchange with— Sent by the | Received by the United States. | United States. FOSTER Tg 8 TERS Ree gmaeh ICES a ara ee A she Se AT | 332 oe Me] 1) = pe I a= eS 1,192 WEA TVEEP UG ited See Eke OU MC UE FL SM aa 753 ES AMES Tae Speen SUL RON) A cee ae ekg 2 IN aN a ete Mi) 5A3 LSE TS eae UE MGI oe 2 ee ees eae yn wy 553: bp eee = LO ANNING ee lect nie en Se ot emia ait isl aa aan an 697 MSTA ee or eto ee NR eed ee ee ee a en ie eae 796 MISH rANIONMa 2225 t sok a uo dea) le saeee Cater 1,171 COTE Tt sia SE a ae nes ea van MIE PEC Ry” an mn ee ay AY 601 HAT ae SRR gh Es RS ela WALRAD 5 BOUTON A 5 A A Re a ap rae: PRR LS a Ws pas NE = Pe AVG Mir CAMAORTC Ad 3 ocak ee eins occ ite ae ee Nee 76 LU NTR Vid (ag 52 aad ONENESS ae A ORT YAR, 580 COTO Cae ORE Se AD SE Ges SARs RDS PR Aer LN ant 7 igh ee iran pier. Rate: Se ge hk Oe bs ASN I vey ete a 802 AGO UMRPAIN Ye oh cls Cichn miele eds inie yas SUA wet eh oi, Ae 1, 147 AVC PEST LAINE re anise ioe. Noe eets ere, eee 807 aPOROR= <2 a /sank'S SAR Epa Nee Pee meg te ey COINS Bi GING Wt 586 1 ENA Tyee a SSNs 1 RESO a age PR Reet Sy eas Bec aE NE A ORD 993 |.---- - SAW eal ny 0 esc MRy tee ae At a ANAS RA ANE cle AME ps BARRE DMRSITNSAY rate 7 dltdaen | SUN ply PARUNERRENG optre eee) Sie Ae BO alt oem ieee ae ita 3 553 AV PRA ERSS Nee Lae SOAS ce Aa pcm MESA Ui Sp 603 LTTE Gi MEEPS pee ee CNMI UE ep ate (PNR anc GAR 593 ET CET RRC Rap MS Sg ea en a See NP Sp erg WE ete: fe 634) | 2s ee 1 PS eV e0 yeas es AP gel a Ne pd Pe, Meee eM ae ie te 667 DSPSHTOD Sy LV Vn (Ree LORE aM’ “SRS VOM SE a he Sap 3 579 INewisontbiWrales 2). isoe Seno E ee Sade th Sy Ol Mages 579 Ne eiPeL AG eNO Moa Bisse hay el ae ie ea 591 LOTTA eS ia SA a AR a Sot Yh 684 1 LECH ea 1 5 sme ae San a ae HN a AD Vane J ee eT af 3 ' LEC Ar RM SEO ge La Ra etnies OC ae ll ot NON SS I Bred Ti 562 nial a POGIV NESTA. bok scl 2k 1 iN a ae ea Caen en iy > 12 LigtOD 0 TEN RES tS Os I ks ae ape My NE RU ONE eR DON) oh ce eae LE OPVESTS) ny RA SP IS se a tg NE ates ool la BS Wie Wo) LL eta ea Re Sen gery oS SNe Ne 8a ag tin Oy ai oe ea 570 PEMAVTUIA VENTA TAD es Sk Lok SON Ee SVR eR ag SU ee 6 OOTP IST ERASE SOP) SSCS Sl ee et TUM DINU) SE 627 SPP E) C1 77M SR Ea eI ane Re ABD 22 RNY LS SEH 553 SOTA: AYE rigs Hs a RT RR AE SHON 568 Wh UDTIERY | ap UE UMS eg le en OMT em ae ON 553 “SAR ET #2) Plug? a ash ll I AO DON ORB SUL AGL eA US WY Ce 667 : \ ont REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 79 Number of publications— The United States Government, including De- partmental Bureaus, in exchange with— Sent by the | Received by the F United States. | United States. SMTA B EMA oe eee ioe ak nee ole OU Bie ho cig s's we ce 561 3 oI SSP SPD kN ET a SRS SI yt a 553 3 PGP Lares get oes ey aed Meare stalin) = at Sores elm ap|-%C\= = = n= = 2 = Soy pment aye sein oe ene Eleni eat iay ein mlal ea) eran Sina ee ine UG ie ett pte’: Bey Sk eae REE TE Re ee Ie is NN NS ie Sc Ss ol F(t MB ania ts ep ee Bae ieaieip een r Pee OS ek OS cae dieick otic 622 355 MVCN genset oie ola eter Sa See hoa asain, eed alee wtlclns a LON eee eo sapere 2 PTH SIL LN GP Os Ae I I Se een Bea 53 658 EFFICIENCY OF THE SERVICE. While a marked improvement appears to have taken place in the exchange serv- ice during the past few years, still further improvements are no doubt desirable and possible. The plan adopted by Dr. Kidder of following up promptly and diligently all complaints, or failures of packages to reach their destinations, has produced ex- cellent results. The delays due to the fact that the Smithsonian Institution is de- pendent upon the generosity and public spirit of most of the ocean steam-ship lines for the free transportation of its exchange boxes will be provided against, if the ap- propriation asked for is granted by Congress. The delays which occur in some of the foreign bureaus, due to indifference or to insufficient clerical force, are at pres- ent beyond the control of the Institution. Where regularly paid agencies have been established, as in London and Leipzig, this cause of embarrassment to the service no longer exists, and all packages are transmitted with promptness. Still another difficulty arises from an inadequate or erroneous address upon the packages, rendering it necessary for the agent to hold them until the error or omis- sion can be corrected by correspondence. Increased attention to this point on the part of those who have occasion to send publications through the exchange service will assist materially in decreasing the number of delayed transmissions. An important need of the exchange bureau is a more complete index to the early records, but with the present clerical force this additional work can not be effect- ually undertaken. I take pleasure in bearing witness to the faithfulness and efficiency of the em- ployés of the bureau, and to the prompt attention to the interests of the Institution of its foreign agents, Messrs. William Wesley & Son, at London, and Dr. Felix Flii- gel, at Leipzig. The employés of the bureau receive much lower salaries than those established for similar grades of work by the classified lists of the Government Departments, and itis manifestly to the interest of the service to be able to retain, by reasonable ex- _ pectation of promotion, men who have acquired peculiar and valuable experience in the exchange transactions. Grateful acknowledgments are due the following transportation companies and firms for their continued liberality in granting free freight on exchange parcels and boxes: Allan Steam-ship Company (A. Schumacher & Co., agents), Baltimore. Anchor Steam-ship Line (Henderson & Brother, agents), New York. Atlas Steam-ship Company (Pim, Forwood & Co., agents), New York. Bailey, H. B., & Co., New York. Bixby, Thomas E., & Co., Boston, Mass. Borland, B. R., New York. . Boulton, Bliss & Dallett, New York. Cameron, R. W., & Co., New York. - Compagnie Générale Transatlantique (A. Forget, agar New vhee, Cunard Royal Mail Steam-ship Line (Vernon H. Brown & Cay tains a Dennison, Thomas, New York. Florio Rubattino Line, New York.. tat Hamburg American Packet Company (Kianharat & Co., agents), New York, ‘4 Inman Steam-ship Company, New York. Merchants’ Line of Steamers, New York. Mufioz y Espriella, New York. Murray, Ferris & Co., New York. iN Netherlands American Steam Navigation Company (W. H. Vanden Toor, neon New York. New York and Brazil Steam-ship Company, New York. New York and Mexico Steam-ship Company, New York. Baltimore). : Pacific Mail Steam-ship Company, New York. Panama Railroad Company, New York. Red Star Line (Peter Wright & Sons, agents), Philadelphia and New York. hee White Cross Line of Antwerp (Funch, Edye & Co. » agents), Now York.) 7 ae Wilson & Asmus, New York. se In conclusion, I beg leave to add a list of correspondents that courteously act as 4 i agents of the Institution for the transmission of exchanges, and also a copy of the rules of the exchange service, calling especial attention to the necessity of observ- Me. ing rules 3 and 8, which provide that all packages sent shall be carefully addressed, and that all packages received from the Smithsonian shall be promptly acknowl- — edged upon the receipt form which will always be found inclosed therein. fy ws ’ nl ie LIST, OF THE FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION ACTING — i: AS ITS AGENTS FOR THE INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGES. ; be ‘ Algeria: Bureau Frangais des Echanges Internationaux, Paris, France. ! Austria-Hungary: Dr. Felix Fliigel, 57 Sidonien Strasse, Leipzig, Germany. Brazil: Commissao Central Brazileira de Permutages ae ae Rio Janeiro. pilus > British America: McGill College, Montreal; or Geological Survey Office, Ottawa. ; British Colonies: Crown Agents for the Colonies, London, England, aiid British Guiana: The Observatory, Georgetown. Ay Cape Colony: Agent-general for Cape Colony, London, England. ane China: Dr. D. W. Doberck, government astronomer, Hone Kane ; for Shanghai, i United States consul-general, Shanghai. Chili: Museo Nacional, Santiago. Colombia (United States of ): National Library, Bogéta. Costa Rica: Biblioteca Nacional, San José, rap) Cuba: Prof. Felipe Poéy, Calle del Principe Alfonso, No. 416 Havana. Denmark: Kong. Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Copenhagen. Dutch Guiana: Surinaamsche Koloniaale Bibliotheek, Paramaribo, East India: Secretary to the Government of India, Calcutta. Ecuador: Observatorio del Colegio Nacional, Quito. Egypt: Institut Egyptien, Cairo. France: Bureau Frangais des Echanges Internationaux, Peas Germany: Dr. Felix Fliige], 57 Sidonien Strasse, Leipzig. — “i poy REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 81 Great Britain and Ireland: William Wesley & Son, 28 Essex street, Strand, London. Greece: United National and University Library, Athens. Guatemala: Instituto Nacional de Guatemala, Guatemala, Guadeloupe: (Same as France.) Haiti: Séerétaire d’état des rélations extérieures, Port au Prince. Island: Islands Stiptisbokasaéfn, Reykjavik. Italy : Biblioteca Nazionale Vittorio Emanuele, Rome. Japan: Minister of Foreign Affairs, Tokio. Java: (Same as Holland. ) Liberia: Liberia College, Monrovia. . Madeira: Director-General, Army Medical Department, London, England. Malta: (Same as Madeira.) Mauritius: Royal Society of Arts and Sciences, Port Louis. Mozambique: Sociedad de Geographia, Mozambique. Mexico: Sr. Ministro de Justicia e Instruccion Piablica, City of Mexico. New Caledonia: Gordon & Gotch, London, England. Newfoundland: Postmaster-General, St. Johus. New South Wales: Royal Society of New South Wales, Sydney. Netherlands: Bureau Scientifique Central Néerlandais, Leiden. New Zealand: Colonial Muse um, Wellington. Norway: Ko ngelige Norske Frederiks Universitet, Christiania. Paraguay: Government, Asungion. Peru: Biblioteca Nacionale, Lima. Philippine Islands: Royal Economical Society, Manilla. Polynesia: Department of Foreign Affairs, care of Capt. H. W. Mist, Honolulu. Portugal: Bibliotheca Nacional, Lisbon. Queensland: Government Meteorological Observatory, Brisbane. Roumania: (Same as Germany.) _ Russia: Commission Russe des Echanges Internationaux, Bibliotheque Impériale Publique, St. Petersburg. St! Helena: Director General, Army Medical Department, London, England. San Salvador: Museo Nacional, San Salvador. Servia: (Same as Germany.) ‘Sonth Australia: Astronomical Observatory, Adelaide. Spain: R. Academia de Ciencias, Madrid. Sweden: Kongliga Sevenska Vetenskaps Akademien, Stockholm. Switzerland: Central Library, Bern. Tasmania: Royal Society of Tasmania, Hobarton. Turkey: Bibliotheque Générale Ottomane, Constantinople. Uruguay: Bureau de Statistique, Montevideo. Venezuela: University Library, Caracas. Victoria: Public Library, Museum, and National Gallery, Melbourne. RULES FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF SCIENTIFIC AND LITERARY EXCHANGES, 1. Transmissions through the Smithsonian Institution must be confined exclusively to books, pamphlets, charts, and other printed matter sent as donations or exchanges, and can not include those procured by purchase. The Institution and its agents will not knowingly receive for any address pur- chased books, nor apparatus and instruments, philosophical, medical, ete. (including microscopes), whether purchased or presented ; nor specimens of natural history, ex- cept where special permission from the Institution has been obtained. Before transmission, a list of packages, with the address on each package, is to be mailed by the sender to the Smithsonian Institution, when sent from the United States, or to the foreign agent of the Institution when sent from abroad. The Insti- tution must be informed by mail of each sending on the day of transmission. 3. Packages must be legibly addressed and indorsed with the name of the sende 328A 6 alk, ; % 8 nears must not eontann, iteto or erisiel maatton Key 7. Packages must be delivered to the Smithsonian Institution ; free of expense. _ 3 hal 8. Packages must contain a blank acknowledgment, to be signed and the party addressed. 9. If returns are desired, the fact should be oe phettly skated? on the Pp an aie kA Packages received through the agency of the Smithsonian Tn ituti acknowledged without delay by mail. Rh, 11. The Institution assumes NO responsibility aa that of the deliver, packages. 5) Secretary Smithsonian at SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, S = Washington. ' Very respecifully, APPENDIX III. REPORT ON THE LIBRARY. Srp: I have the honor respectfully to submit my report on the work of the library during the year from July 1, 1883, to June 30, 1889. The work of recording and caring for accessions has been carried on as during the ' preceding Near the entry numbers on the accession-book running from 182,060 to ~ 195,430. The following condensed statement shows the number and character of these acces- ‘sions: PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED BETWEEN JULY 1, 1888, AND JUNE 30, 1889. Volumes: Octavo or smalier _ Quarto or larger Parts of volumes: Octavo or smaller Quarto or larger : Pamphlets : Octavo or smaller Quarto or larger i ne es - Of these accessions, 4,810 (namely, 441 volumes, 3,752 parts of volumes, and 617 pamphlets) were retained for use in the Museum library, and 521 medical disserta- tions were deposited in the library of the Surgeon-General’s Office, U. S. Army The remainder were promptly sent to the Library of Congress on the Monday fol- lowing their receipt. Among the most important additions to the list of serials during the year may be specified the following publications: American Anvler. American Field. American Grocer. : Bollettino di paletnologia Italiana. Cosmos (formerly ‘‘ Les Mondes”), Paris. Export Journal. Forest Leaves. Gazzetta Chimica Italiana. Himmel und Erde. Journal of American Folk-Lore. _ Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society. _ Journal of the Marine Biological Associa- tion of the United Kinedom. Journal of the Society of Chemical In- dustry. ‘Life-Lore. Manufacturer and Inventor. Menorah. Monatshefte fiir Chemie (published by the Vienna Academy of Sciences). ‘Old New York.” Orientalische Bibliographie. Pittonia. Praktische Physik. Recneil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays- Bas. Reports from the laboratory of the Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh. Research. Revue des Traditions Populaires. Revista di Mineralogia e cristallografia Italiana. Shooting and Fishing. The Steamship. Studies from the Museum of Zoology, University College, Dundee. | Victorian Naturalist. 83 ¥ were ae, yf deep Nit ya tah ae ee Mah cinta ARG ca a Sani ih ae seh TN , * IAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES 4 “REPORT OF THE SECRETAR i WIL 3 ed - ‘The following universities have sent complete sets 6f all their ee coh ns for the year, including the inaugural dissertations delivered by the students on gradi ation: Bern, Bonn, Dorpat, Erlangen, Freiburg-im-Breisgau, Giessen, Gottin 6 Halle-an-der-Saale, Heidelberg, Helsingfors, Jena, Kiel, Kénigsberg, Leipzig, L vain, Lund, Tiibingen, Utrecht, and Wiirzburg. Among Git Hee accessions during the year may be mentioned the following : sf From the office of the secretary of state for India, London, a large series of Indian ‘ Government publications, including the final volumes (Vols. 12, 13, and 14) of the : ty great Gazetteer of India, and Part bof the Catalogue of Sanskrit Manuscripts in the — library of the India Office; full sets of official publications from the Italian Govern- — ment, the Canadian Government, ana the colonial government of New Zealand; from the Museum d’Histoire Naturelle at Lyons, the two magnificent works, Archéologie —__ de la Meuse, by F. Liénard, in six large volumes, and Recherches Anthropologiques dans le Caucase, by E. Chantre, in five large volumes; Moeurs et Monuments Préhis- toriques, from the author, the Marquis de Nadaillac; a further set of scientific papers from Prince Albert of Monaco; Catalogue des Monnaies Musulmanes de la Biblio- théque Nationale, from the National Library in Paris; Vol. 3 of the Reports of the German Commission for the Observation of the Transit of Venus; Vols. 26, 27, 28, 29, | 30, and 31 of the Challenger Report (Zoology), from the British Government; from the Egypt Exploration Fund, the Memoirs on Tanis, Part um, The Store-City of — Pithom, Naukratis, Part 1, and The Shrine of Saft-el-Henneh, as well as a complete set, in duplicate, of all the memoirs published by this association, presented to the Institution as a return for its services in distributing the publications of the asso- ciation in America; the first volume of the Fossils of the British Islands, pre-— sented by the delegates of the Clarendon Press, Oxford; a large volume of Memoirs on Whales and Seals, from the author, Sir William Turner, Edinburgh; a set of nineteen large volumes and pamphlets, catalogues of manuscripts, and special col- — lections of books, from the Royal Library at Berlin; the third section of Vol. 2 of | the great Corpus Inscriptionum Atticarum, from the same library; aseriesof fourteen — catalogues of the various collections in the Royal Museum at Berlin; a complete file «— of the Zeitschrift fiir Ethnologie, from 1884 to date, from the Berliner Gesellschaft ied fiir Anthropologie, Ethnologie, und Urgeschichte; full sets of publications, including charts from the hydrographic offices of Great Britain, Denmark, Italy, and Russia; Vol. 1 of Expéditions Scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman, containing the ~~ fishes, by L. Vaillant, from the Bureau Frangaise des Echanges Internationaux, which | also sent a large series of other important publications of the French Government; a a large series of government reports from the Hawaiian Government; Mean Scottish Meteorology, from the author, Prof. C. Piazzi Smyth; Part 5 of Lilljeborg’s Sveriges och Norges Fiskar; and a gorgeously illustrated work from his highness the Maharaja — ot Ulwar, entitled Ulwar and its Art Treasures, by Thomas Holbein Hendley. Very respectfully submitted. _JoHN MurpocH, Librarian. Prof. S. P. LANGLEY, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. i) eellincetial cli ath ee aie aoe | . \ l