i * _ SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION — Beas : "WASHINGTON, D.C. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30 20 SAGE ING To (Publication 2834 ) WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1925 em Ob cA OVICKE SRE BE ner rae ae Wier CONTENTS Page TefaSh ELE CELE COTE IG IMT SEI a aU 2 ec ee a et V, VE Mhensmitnsonian IMstitution22 28 = en se ee ee eee 1 ithevestablishment) 22 ce we we Se es i ee ee ee 1 Heer OATOKO eRe SeM tS es As aN ay a ee ee eee 2 General GONSIG CAC ONS 28 2s 2th Ce We es 2 PE prIMeN TA CES hemes serie ay GORE EN NOB eS Ak eNO ire ea Nese SRS Maes Sac 4 Researches and explorations____________________=-._-_-__-_______- 6 Geological explorations in the Canadian Rockies_______________ 6 Zoological explorations in Western China_____________________ 7 Botanical exploration in Panama and Costa Rica______________ § Archeological expedition to China_______________-__-_--__--__- 9 Mictesh oD triem eR Pemmmems i 22 er es ee 11 Additional-assistant Seeretary ok 12 Smithsonian radio talks_____ aT GS EER STINE Be a ca RN gL 12,13 Eagia Leceas tery i i AAA ml re 14 JE SUTRA a A a ie AN tel ea La BP Ph AL NY 15 BT ear et CORNEA eA USS UN TN ee ee a a NR OE Ae Ja 16 IN ETOTT AG Gre Ty; Ot WA Ee 2 BNR oe ee Ee 18 Keer aera OleAT Gee os cee ele Sel eas pee Eee a 20 Bureau of American Ethnology_______________-___-____-___-_---__----__ 20 TribernanionalobyRchanges) Bd ~~ eH bo bo Vo) iS a on bo ne ns whe e © REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 97 South American musk turtle (Kino- Gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) 2 sternon scorpioides) __.__----------- 5 | Duncan Island tortoise (Testudo ephip- Pennsylvania musk turtle (Kinosternon PDT eT)” SLAPS BOP) CON SE RS 1 subrubrum) 2. te see te oe 2 | Indefatigable Island tortoise (Testudo Wood turtle (Clemmys insculpta)---- 1 portert) _-_~--------~~-------~------ 1 European pond turtle (Emys orbicu- Albemarle Island tortoise (Testudo Titi) 2 LPO Sol bi eye reas Fela 5 vicina) -------------~--~--~--~----- 2 South American terrapin (Nicoria punc- South American tortoise (Testudo den- PRT Oe eee eae 1 ticulata) --------__-__~-_~--~-__-- 2 Reeves turtle (Geoclemmys reevesi)__. 1 | African tortoise (Testudo hermanm)-—~ 1 ‘Painted turtle (Chrysemys picta)---_ 3 | Long-necked turtle (Chelodina longi- Cooter (Pseudemys scripta) __---__---- 2) COLE ene Le. Ma ee ae 1 Central American cooter (Pseudemys Chicken turtle (Deirochelys reticu- ornata@) ~---~- en ee 2 LOR eo Se eR 1 Statement of the collection Mam- Birds | Reptiles | Total mals TESW GUS OVO AY — 4 Se I ee Dl NS ye eae 28 54 34 116 Born’and hatched in National Zoological Park_.___..--..------ 54 208 Sees 74 ecenved in exchange. - -- 202 - Ja Ls oo cee ccc see tenes 2 5 hl eee 14 FESSIE SO (eer eres Les De Oe 60 26 5 91 Transferred from other Government departments_-_..._-.------ 1 11 1 13 IDR ON UCL 2 5 Tem eee ea 15 13 6 34 160 136 46 342 SUMMARY ASSUNATEUS: ret Lees TTG| TDL TUG THO 7 OC ER te ea nas Re en ne ee ee eee 1,645 PACCESSIOUSONMIN Pte Vear. o 2-822 -2 s25.) {sl osto ll toe kcasetdecntsec ens Oe Soa ee 342 oialesmiinalsitian Glode etme te ree Loco hel ei ae eer iy Le ee Soe eae 1,987 Deduct loss (by death, return of animals, and exchange) -------.----------------------------------- 367 : —— 1,620 Status of collection . Individ- Species BIN VISE TE tl See ein. on a a SY ee ek toon oan ee eacecasaabe beak aap aseaaoe 178 503 TENE oe wel 5 SB II A Si ad I a Se ae a ge ae rr eer 285 982 SPECS eetue Le ie a Ae aed AER i ee ee es bees vg ie Sowa ot oes 48 135 Taig Ua La Ree hae So Ba BS LA ee ens OSS er a 511 1, 620 Compared with the previous year, a decrease in number of indi- viduals is shown and compared with 1923, when there were 1,768 animals in the collection, a still greater decrease is noted. This is due to continued losses in the aging stock, especially among the larger forms. The number of forms represented exceeds that of last year, an increase due to judicious selection and purchase of small species offered at moderate prices. Additional funds are urgently needed for purchase of animals to fill the steadily increasing gaps in the groups of larger mammals. 98 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1925 VISITORS The attendance record as determined by count and estimate ex- ceeded that of the previous year by 75,385. The greatest attendance for one month was 372,950, in April. The increase is highly grati- fying as it indicates the keen interest of the general public in the collections. The attendance by months was as follows: tay ee. YE) Ro A) 2 240, 700 AGS OSt Il S28 oe eae a ee 2 2S eibeeese 324; 000 September 2222.22 2 3 ee eee eo: le 232, 725 October. 25 ee a ener see, 235, 000 Novempers: 2.28032 2° 2720 vee ret Bee I ee a Ss 2 179, 500 DéeeemiPer 247k.) Meth Ee ne ee bo, 56, 630 FLESH Gy E25 :) er eae PORE OL DG AAR TOM ee i LT Neb es 37, 110 Webrugey. ic... 00 Jd ou ae a Dine oe Oe i ne 121, 550 W'S AEC! AC AEM ce 248, 200 PATON Fe ig Dh Pel Nae ee 372, 950 VL Yi 32 Bs ER ee 269, 300 aD UNO Se ce SA he Se OF RMR oS ee ee ee 200, 600 Potal “Tomgveayrs 24..." ts Sows eee es a a 2, 518, 265 Schools, classes, and similar organizations, recorded among the visitors, number 266, with a total of 20,890 individuals. The highest attendance for a year recorded previously was 9,444,880 in 1924. _ IMPROVEMENTS The animal warehouse, 24 by 90 feet, with a small ell for a feed room, the construction of which had been begun during the previous year, was completed and put into service before the end of 1925. This building is very useful, both as quarters for animals tempor- arily not on exhibition, and as a reception house for animals just arriving where they may rest before being placed on exhibition. It will also be useful during the winter in storing birds which are ex- hibited during the summer in the big flight cage and elsewhere, and for which there is no room in the bird house. A double bear cage of steel, each half 12 by 16 feet, with con- crete shelter, has been erected to take the place of a large wooden cage that was decayed beyond safety or justifiable repair. The log dam of loose bowlders across Rock Creek at the head of the American water-fowl pond to maintain a fiow of water into the pond, which had been repeatedly washed out by floods, was replaced by a log dam faced with bowlders. The logs used were obtained from chestnut trees in the park that had died from bark disease. A concrete chimney was built on the restaurant. This building still needs various improvements, especially the addition of a kitchen, REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 99 as well as an inclosed room where visitors may lunch comfortably in cold weather. The bird house required repairs, as usual. Some of the cages ‘were in such bad condition that they had to be entirely replaced. A new floor was laid in the feed room, and various minor repairs made. The roof leaked badly and will require treatment during the coming year. The eland house, the zebra house, the fences about these, rub- bish containers, outdoor benches, various inclosure fences, and other ironwork were painted during the year. WATER MAIN One thousand five hundred and eighty feet of six-inch water main was laid, and two fire hydrants installed, through a special ap- propriation of $3,250, supplemented by funds taken from the general appropriation. NEEDS OF THE PARK The needs of the park for exhibition buildings is even more acute than in previous years, as there has been tremendous growth in the ’ number of visitors and there is need for better conditions for exhibi- tion. The most important and customary buildings required by a zoological park are: Carnivore, pachyderm, primate, antelope, small mammal, bird, and reptile houses. Of permanent structures, the National Zoological Park has a primate house, a house to contain one elephant, and one end of a carnivore house. All other build- ings are old, without exception originally built as temporary make- shifts and kept together only by continual and often expensive repairs. The building that shelters most of the birds, built 28 years ago, was then intended to house the collections for three or four years, until a suitable bird house could be constructed. This structure is dark, with walls so decayed that they will no longer hold pebble- dash, and provides entirely inadequate space for either the collection of birds or the great numbers of visitors; it is not only unfit for its present use but actually unsafe for its inmates. There is no house for reptiles, always popular with visitors, and none for small mammals. Such reptiles and small mammals as are shown at the park are scattered about in places where it is in- convenient to care for them, and where in some instances they actually close the passages needed for visitors. During a period of 35 years a collection of animals has been assembled in the National Zoological Park which ranks among the most notable in this country. Adequate buildings to replace the 66999—25 8 100 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1925 present obsolete quarters should be provided to house properly .the living animals, to maintain them in health, and to exhibit them to the more than two million visitors who come annually to view them. FUNDS FOR THE PURCHASE OF ANIMALS The collection at the National Zoological Park is augmented each year by various gifts, and through unusual success in the breeding and rearing of animals, the park has been able to exchange speci- mens with other zoological parks so that it has maintained a rea- sonably well-balanced collection of the living animals of the world, always lacking, however, representatives of certain important and interesting species. For instance, there has never been a giraffe at the park. There is no rhinoceros, no pigmy hippopotamus, and no Indian elephant. Such animals as these, when offered to the park can not be considered owing to the entirely inadequate fund for the purchase of animals, and opportunities are frequently lost to fill definite gaps in the collection as well as to replace species lost through death, by the purchase of most desirable animals that are offered for sale. An increased appropriation to cover cost and transportation of animals has been requested, but it seems advisable also to repeat the suggestion made in previous reports that an animal purchase fund be inaugurated and deposited with the Smithsonian Institution. REVENUES OF THE PARK A zoological park itself is not expected to finance the refresh- ment of visitors. There are in the National Zoological Park, how- ever, as in other parks, a refreshment stand and a restaurant which are rented to private parties. The money from these concessions, under present regulations, goes to the United States Treasury and can not be used for the park, although repairs and other costs in connection with the restaurant must be borne by the park. It is earnestly recommended that the revenues from the restaurant con- cession, which serves only to benefit the public, be turned into the animal fund of the park instead of into the general fund of the Treasury. Such is the established practice in other parks, munici- pal and otherwise, which often derive considerable funds for the purchase of animals from such concessions. Respectfully submitted. W. M. Mann, Superintendent. Dr. Cuartes D. Watcort, i Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. APPENDIX 7 REPORT ON THE ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY Str: The Astrophysical Observatory was conducted under the following passage of the independent offices appropriation act ap- proved June 7, 1924: Astrophysical Observatory: For maintenance of the Astrophysical Observa- tory, under the direction of the Smithsonian Institution, including assistants, purchase of necessary books and periodicals, apparatus, making necessary ob- servations in high altitudes, repairs and alterations of buildings, and miscel- laneous expenses, $21,580. The observatory occupies a number of frame structures within an inclosure of about 16,000 square feet south of the Smithsonian ad- ministration building at Washington, a cement observing station and frame cottage for observers on a plot of 10,000 square feet leased from the Carnegie Solar Observatory on Mount Wilson, Calif., and also a solar observing station on Mount Harqua Hala, Ariz., erected in 1920 at the expense of private funds contributed by Mr. John A. Roebling, of Bernardsville, N. J. The present value of the buildings and equipment for the Astro- physical Observatory owned by the Government is estimated at $50,000. This estimate contemplates the cost required to replace _ the outfit for the purposes of the investigation. WORK OF THE YEAR Solar variation and forecasting—The chief object of the worl: at present is to secure the most exact measurements of the variation of the sun in order to provide proper data for studying the influ- ence of solar changes on weather conditions of the United States and the whole world. Accordingly, the efforts of the staff were de- voted mainly to this purpose. The Government appropriations were sufficient only to maintain the work at Washington and Ari- zona, and to pay salaries of two observers at the exceptionally favor- able station at Montezuma, Chile. This station was established in 1918, and has been maintained ever since by private funds of the Institution, supplemented by gifts of Mr. Roebling. Owing to fur- ther support by Mr. Roebling, it has been possible to receive daily telegrams reporting the solar radiation observations in Chile and in Arizona. These arrive at Washington within 24 hours of the observations in the field. 101 102 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1925 The experimental forecasts by Mr. H. H. Clayton for the city of New York, mentioned in last year’s report, were continued. For this purpose daily telegrams of the condition of the sun were sent from Washington to Mr. Clayton at Canton, Mass. These usually reached him before noon on the day after the observations were made in Chile and Arizona. Making up his New York forecasts for three, four, and five days ahead, Mr. Clayton informed the Smithsonian by letter on the same afternoon. On Friday of each week he forecast the temperature departures for the ensuing week beginning Sunday, and about the end of each month he forecast the temperature departures for the ensuing month. These weekly and monthly forecasts were also mailed in advance to the Smith- sonian Institution. We have compared Clayton’s forecasts with the events, using mathematical processes of verification which are not susceptible of personal bias. A moderate degree of foreknowledge is certainly in- dicated, both for the specific forecasts of three, four, and five days in advance, and for the more general average forecasts of weeks and months. . On May 2, 1925, a symposium on this subject was held at the United States Weather Bureau before the American Meteorological Society. At that time, Messrs. C. G. Abbot and H. H. Clayton ex- plained the status of the measurements of solar variation, and their applications for forecasting. Later, these papers of Abbot and Clayton, and also a paper by Mr. G. Hoxmark, on the results reached since 1922 in the application of solar variation for official forecasts in Argentina, were published as Nos. 2825, 2826, and 2827 of the Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. The costs of telegraphic advices and of Mr. Clayton’s computing bureau have been borne by Mr. Roebling’s gifts for these purposes, as also the cost of publication of the papers just mentioned. No public forecasts have been made or will be made under the auspices of the Smithsonian Institution. Our entire purpose’ in the matter is, and has always been, to make such experiments as might indicate what value, if any, would attach to the introduction of a new variable, namely, the variation of the sun, in weather fore- casting. Our forecasts are made privately and only as tests of the experimental conclusions. Unfortunately, space writers in the public prints have not under- stood this and have attributed to the Smithsonian Institution fore- casts of weather conditions far into the future. ‘These, in reality, have been made by several private individuals entirely unconnected with the Institution. We take no responsibility for these prognos- tications, as we know as yet of no sound method by which they may be made. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 103 A compilation of all results on the solar constant of radiation, from 1918 to November, 1924, was published as No. 2518 of Smith- sonian Miscellaneous Collections. The investigations hitherto made having indicated that a higher degree of accuracy in our solar measurements is needed to supply proper data for forecasting purposes, a very great deal of attention has been given to the elimination of small sources of error in the observations and reductions of solar radiation. Already the average deviation of individual days’ results between Chile and Arizona is but one-half per cent. It follows that in order to attain higher ac- curacy we shall be obliged to regard sources of error which formerly we supposed would always be negligible. This has led to the designing and construction of new apparatus for use in pyrheliometry, which eliminates the employment of the observer’s watch altogether. It has also required the investigation of the infra-red and ultra-violet portions of the solar spectrum, be- yond the usual limits of our daily spectrum observations. Still more important, it has led to a complete revision of the methods of measuring and reducing solar energy spectra. With these new modifications in mind, a complete re-reduction of all solar radiation work since the beginning of the year 1922 has been undertaken, and occupies the whole force at Washington. Removal of Mount Harqua Hala station—The station at Mount Harqua Hala, Ariz., first occupied in 1920, proves to be too far to the east, so that the summer months there are unsuitable for ob- serving, because of the atmospheric conditions which go to bring about the severe thunderstorms of Arizona. Very few days of June, July, and August have been suitable for our exacting work, and even some of the spring months have been marred by long-continued haziness. Had weather conditions there been first-rate, the ob- servers would gladly have suffered the excessive isolation of the place, which is almost wholly cut off from relaxations, but to make such a sacrifice fruitlessly is indeed very depressing. Accordingly, investigations have been made which have fixed on a better site, both as regards weather conditions and comfort. This is chosen on Table Mountain, within the bounds of the Los Angeles County Park, about 30 miles northeast of Mount Wilson. Lying on the edge of the Mojave Desert, at 7,500 feet elevation, the weather observations indicate very decided improvement over Harqua Hala for our purpose. Add to this the convenience of access and pleas- ant surroundings and we have combined there great advantages. Mr. John A. Roebling has added to his already great gifts suff- cient means to enable necessary buildings to be erected on Table Mountain, and to:remove the observing outfit thence from Harqua 104 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1925 Hala. The supervisors of the Los Angeles County Park have cor- dially assisted in the transfer, giving rights of occupancy, and ex- tending the auto road quite to the doors of the proposed observatory, without expense to the Smithsonian Institution. It is expected to occupy Table Mountain beginning about October 1, 1925. Mr. Moore’s energetic efforts in the preliminary arrangements and the preparation of buildings deserve high praise. An expedition under Doctor Abbot occupied Mount Wilson in the summer and autumn of 1924. The solar cooker was rebuilt, as far as concerned its oven, its circulatory system for hot oil, and its in- sulation against heat losses. The new oil system was perfectly suc- cessful in avoiding all leaks, such as always hitherto have marred the operations. Also, the introduction of a larger reservoir, and especially of “ Silocel,” or diatomaceous bricks, for heat insulation proved highly satisfactory. The experiment was tried of intro- ducing forced oil circulation by means of a little steam engine operated by the heat of the reservoir. This worked well mechani- cally, but proved unnecessary, as no higher temperatures of the ovens were reached when forced circulation was in operation. It was intended to use a vacuum jacket about the heater tube, but the apparatus was not received in season. Without this crowning improvement the solar cooker worked fully as well as in 1920, when its reputation was first made, despite the fact that somewhat thicker insulation of the reservoir is needed, as the cooling curve shows. When this, and also the vacuum jacket, are applied, the machine should be highly satisfactory. As noted in last year’s report, the Fabry type of apparatus has been installed on Mount Wilson to measure the quantity of atmos- pheric ozone. This feeble constituent of the very high air is, we believe, very important in the economy of the earth’s heat, as well as a fatal bar to observation of the most interesting part of the spectra of the sun and the hotter stars. Having fully developed and ‘tested the ozone outfit, photographic solar spectra of the ozone-absorption region of the ultra-violet were obtained in August, September, and October, 1925. Unfortunately the great forest fire east of Mount Wilson cut off a good many other- wise favorable days. By the generosity of Mr. Roebling a copy of the Moll spectrophotometer for measuring the plates has been pro- cured from A. Hilger. The reductions are not yet made. Mr. Roebling’s interest in this ozone research is so great that he has made a grant to enable Doctor Fabry himself to continue daily © ozone measurements in France during a part of the year 1925. The importance of studies of the variation of the sun’s output of ultra-violet rays grows upon our attention. Not only the attack « \ REPORT OF THE SECRETARY | 105 on the ozone problem in that spectral region, but also the extraordi- nary relations of the ultra-violet rays to human, animal, and plant physiology are coming increasingly to the fore. Our own studies indicate that the solar variations are far greater for those rays than they are for the solar rays as a whole. Thus the accompanying fig- ure indicates that when the solar constant of radiation changes by 1 per cent it means almost imperceptible change for the infra-red rays, but as much as 10 per cent or more for some rays of the ultra- violet. In addition to the work at Mount Wilson on the solar cooker and the ozone of the higher atmosphere, much attention was paid to WAVE 0,394 LENGTH ae 0,90 0,60 avo 0,80 1,00 ee ues) Biviacion COO 150 100 50 ) Solar variation localized in the violet and ultra-violet attempts to improve the radiometer and the stellar-spectrum appa- ratus, in the hope of going much further in studying the energy spectra of the stars. Much knowledge was gained which will be useful later on, and gtar-spectrum observations were made on sey- eral nights, but no actually completed advance in stellar spectra was attained. The way, however, is very clear now for future advance. PERSON NEL Mr. H. B. Freeman accepted service on the private Smithsonian roll as assistant at Harqua Hala in September, 1924, and succeeded Mr. L. B. Aldrich in charge at Montezuma on March 1, 1925. Mr. Aldrich returned to Washington. 106 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1925 Mr. E. E. Smith was employed on the private roll as assistant at Harqua Hala from February 9, 1925. Mr. A. J. Ahearn assisted Doctor Abbot on Mount Wilson during the expedition of 1924. SUMMARY Much progress in the study of the variation of the sun and its ap- plication to weather forecasting has been made, as reported in pub- lications Nos. 2818, 2825, 2826, and 2827 of the Smithsonian Miscel- laneous Collections. Improvements in apparatus and methods de- signed to add to the accuracy of solar radiation measurements, and to make possible a valuable revision of existing values, are on foot. The station at Harqua Hala, having proved somewhat disappointing, is being removed to Table Mountain, in California, about 2,000 feet higher, but much more accessible. The solar cooker has been greatly improved. Measurements of atmospheric ozone are in progress. New devices were tried in stellar energy spectrum measurements and the way seems clear for great advances in that line. Respectfully submitted. C. G. Assot, Director. Dr. Cuarues D. Watcort, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. APPENDIX 8 REPORT ON THE INTERNATIONAL CATALOGUE OF SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the op- erations of the United States Regional Bureau of the International Catalogue of Scientific Literature for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1925: As has been stated in previous annual reports, actual publication of the catalogue was suspended in 1921 upon completion of the fourteenth annual issue. In conformity with an agreement reached at the International Convention held in Brussels in 1922, the work of this regional bureau, in common with others of the organization, _ has been continued but is confined to the collection of the data nec- essary to index the current scientific literature of the United States for the several years intervening between the cessation of publica- tion and the present time. This procedure not only enables the organization to be kept intact but, when publication is resumed and the classification schedules are revised, data will be available to complete the catalogue. It seems advisable to again outline the aim, scope, and need of the catalogue in view of the fact that the many new projects which have sprung up in minor fields, lacking harmony of purpose and co- operation of effort, have, even when taken collectively, entirely failed to supply the need of an International Catalogue of Scientific Literature. The catalogue was started in 1901 with the aim and purpose of meeting the long-felt need of scientific investigators and librarians for an annual authors’ and subject catalogue and index to the scien- tific literature of the world, a need felt even more to-day than in 1901. To this end, systematic classification schedules were prepared cover- ing all recognized branches of science and each paper was not only catalogued and indexed, but also classified by means of these sched- ules, the result being equivalent to an analytical digest of each paper. Financial support to enable the organization to properly func- tion is urgent. The amount required is not great, measured in pres- ent-day terms, but is none the less essential. Between 1901 and the beginning of the war, necessary funds for publication were supplied by subscribers in the countries taking part in the enterprise. Only the actual cost of printing and publishing had to be met from these 107 108 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1925 funds as maintenance of the several regional bureaus was then, as now, provided for, in most cases, by direct governmental grants. However, the additional funds needed to meet the increased cost of printing and publishing, under war conditions, had to be met by the subscribers and these increases when expressed in the depreciated currency of many countries, resulted in impossible figures; conse- quently, publication had to be suspended. When operations began in 1901, the price to subscribers of a complete set of the 17 annual volumes of the catalogue, com- prising about 10,000 pages, was £17, the pound sterling being then at par. The American subscription price was, after adding ship- ping costs, $85. The income derived from subscriptions and the expenditures of the London Central Bureau, in charge of printing and publishing, approximately balanced in 1914, when war began. Since that time publishing costs, in England, have doubled and the value of the French franc has sunk to less than one-fourth, and the Italian lira to less than one-fifth of their respective par values. Without tabulation, it is obvious that a cost easily borne in these countries in 1901 has become impossible in 1925. It was never the intention for the International Catalogue to be a com- mercial enterprise, but rather the means of furnishing, at cost, to investigators and students data needed to keep them informed of the scientific progress of the world. Experience proves that inter- national cooperation is the only means whereby the necessary data can be collected and prepared for such an index, but it is now apparent that some new source of revenue must be ah to print this data before publication can be resumed. Could a sufficient endowment be obtained, the organization would again become self-supporting, as there is now a greater demand for the catalogue than ever before and a central bureau provided with its own publishing plant, or capital sufficient to make advan- tageous long-term contracts with properly equipped publishing houses, would be enabled to offset the increased cost of publication by the saving of the interest and other charges, which were neces- sary in 1901 to an organization doing business without capital. If it were possible to secure such an endowment in the United States, now the only country not unduly oppressed by the results of war, American students and investigators would be much benefited for, notwithstanding impoverished conditions, much advanced and valu- able scientific work is being done abroad with which it is difficult to keep in touch without the annual volumes of the International Catalogue. , Respectfully submitted. Lronarp C. GuNNELL, Assistant in Charge. Dr. Cuartes D. Watcort, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. APPENDIX 9 REPORT ON THE LIBRARY Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the activities of the library of the Smithsonian Institution for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1925. CHANGES IN STAFF During the year there were several changes in the library staff. Mr. Paul Brockett, who had been connected with the Smithsonian Institution for 38 years and had served since 1902 as its assistant librarian, resigned to devote full time to his duties as assistant sec- retary of the National Academy of Sciences. Mr. Brockett’s suc- cessor, Mr. William L. Corbin, formerly professor of English in Boston University, assumed the position of librarian on Septem- ber 15. Mr. Newton P. Scudder, assistant librarian of the United States National Museum, retired from active service March 9, on account of age and disability, and died May 19. Mr. Scudder became con- nected with the Smithsonian Institution in 1882, where he remained for more than 40 years, the last 38 of which he was assistant libra- rian of the National Museum. Perhaps never again will the Museum library have as its reference chief a person so fully ac- quainted with its collections as he was, or so willing to give of his knowledge and time to those who came with questions. Mr. Lester D. Condit, assistant in the library since 1918, was granted a furlough in October to resume his university course. He has since withdrawn from the library staff and the position was filled by the appointment of Miss Sara L. Young, a graduate of Elmira College and of Drexel Institute Library School. Miss Young has worked with scientific publications for many years, especially as cataloguer for the American Philosophical Society and the Library of Congress. EXCHANGE OF PUBLICATIONS The increase of the Smithsonian Library is due chiefly to the exchange of publications between the Smithsonian Institution and other learned institutions and societies of the world.. Many of 109 110 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1925 these publications come to the library direct, others through the International Exchange Service, with which the library is in close cooperation. During the past year the library received 30,496 pack- ages by mail and 2,408 through the exchange. Especially large send- ings were received from Barcelona, Budapest, and Warsaw. As usual, after these packages had been opened, the items were stamped, entered, and sent to the appropriate branches of the library. The large number received was due partly to the special effort made by the periodical and correspondence divisions in noting wants and writing follow-up letters. In fact, most of the 1,181 letters sent out by the library had to do with these wants. The result was that of the 2,478 missing volumes and parts requested, 2,009 were obtained, a gain of nearly 30 per cent over last year. Exchange relations were also opened with a number of new societies. MAIN LIBRARY Many of the items mentioned above were, of course, forwarded day by day to the Smithsonian deposit in the Library of Congress, where they were made available to the public. The number of these was 7,287, of which there were 5,184 complete volumes, 1,421 parts of volumes, 390 pamphlets, and 292 charts. Documents of foreign gov- ernments, more or less statistical in character, to the number of 7,408, were also sent, without being stamped or entered, to the document division of bie’ Library of Consuehe: Dissertations were received from various universities at home and abroad, such as Basel, Berlin, Bern, Breslau, Copenhagen, Cornell, Dresden, Erlangen, Frankfurt a. M., Freiburg, Ghent, Giessen, Greifswald, Halle, Heidelberg, Helsingfors, Leipzig, Leyden, Lund, Marburg, Paris, Pennsylvania, Strasbourg, Tiibingen, Uppsala, Utrecht, and Zitirich; and from technical schools at Berlin, Delft, Karlsruhe, and Ziirich. OFFICE LIBRARY The office library, which includes the publications of several learned societies, the aeronautical collection, the art-room collection, the employees’ library, and various books, chiefly of a reference nature, in the administrative offices, was increased during the year by 312 volumes, 5 parts of volumes, and 4 pamphlets. Of these, 34 were added to the aeronautical collection. One of the most important additions to this hbrary was a de luxe copy of the Warner Library of the World’s Best Literature, the gift of Secretary Walcott; another was Seven Log-Books Concerning the Arctic Voyages of Capt. William Scoresby, sr., of Whitby, Eng- Jand, presented by the Explorers Club of New York. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY LEG The circulation of the library was 2,359, of which 1,956 were magazines borrowed from the reading room. Many more volumes and periodicals were consulted in the reference room. The books most in demand were the transactions of the learned societies, the aeronautical collection, and several important individual works, such as Combarelles aux Ezyies, by Abbé Breuil and others, a book finally assigned to the Smithsonian deposit. The work done during the year on the general catalogue of the Smithsonian library, which is kept in the office reading room, may be summarized as follows: Malomesmana: (pamphlets, catalogued = 2280.1 es Sse 4, 509 EVE C MEET LU LOO UCC se ete oe a teen ey eee A EE A Na 264 COLEISES: (GoW EDD K0YE 7 C10 pal ee a ee, LAR oe 2 he Ae De see AS cde ga a dg BA Bee 324 SPAR DIS) | [BG sag Rs ee eg Ene ee Pn ee 2,157 eerevon Woneress cards! filed: 4-49 2.482244 tea 1, 078 LOLS PTL URTTES: GCG Tc Ce PARES i ORI as a eee a ee 393 MUSEUM LIBRARY The library of the United States National Museum contains 65,148 volumes and 102,951 pamphlets, a total of 168,099. Of these, 1,457 volumes and 1,894 pamphlets were added during the year. While most of these accessions were obtained by exchange of publications, or by purchase, many came by gift. Among the donors were Mr. W. I. Adams, Miss M. D, Ashton, Dr. Marcus Benjamin, Mr. A. H. Clark, Mr. F. W. Clarke, Dr. W. H. Dall, Mr. J. A. Gal- lagher, Mr. L. C. Gunnell, Dr. O. P. Hay, Dr. W. H. Holmes, Dr. A. Hrdlicka, Dr. W. R. Maxon, Dr. G. S. Miller, jr., Mr. W. de C. Ravenel, Dr. C. W. Richmond, Mr. S. A. Rohwer, Mr. E. V. Shan- non, Mr. R. C. Smith, Mr. B. H. Swales, and Dr. C. D. Walcott. The gifts of Secretary Walcott to the division of geology and paleontol- ogy and of Doctor Dall to that of mollusks were generous, as usual, the latter numbering 97 titles. The gifts of Doctor Richmond to the division of birds were also large. But the outstanding gift of the year was the entomological library, numbering about 4,500 volumes and pamphlets, chiefly on Coleoptera, left to the Museum by the late Col. Thomas L. Casey, and increased by the generosity of Mrs. Casey. This is one of the best collections on its subject in the United States, and contains many rare items. It will be made available to the curators as soon as possible and will be deposited in the section of insects. In the course of the year several thousand cards of the Concilium Bibliographicum were filed, 14,329 parts of periodicals were en- tered, 2,623 volumes and pamphlets were catalogued, and 9,000 cards were added. Books borrowed from the Library of Congress num- bered 1,628 and from other libraries 112, chiefly for the use of the 112 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1925 curators, and about the same number were returned. The loans totaled 8,148, of which 5,861 were made to the sectional libraries, and more than ever before to universities, such as Chicago, Illinois, Michi- gan, and Minnesota, and to other institutions, both in Washington and elsewhere. Many publications were consulted in the reference room, not only by members of the Museum staff but also by others, especially Government employees and scholars connected with various universities and museums, American and foreign. Two hundred and fifty-six volumes were bound. The number of sectional libraries in the Museum is now 38. These, while under the immediate care of the administrative and scientific staffs, are at the same time very real and important parts of the general library and are administered as such. Their resources are its resources, and their needs are its needs. And these needs are often most urgent—the very ones to which the librarian feels he should give his best thought and help. The past year he has devoted much time to the study of these resources and needs, and to the solution of the problems they have disclosed. The sectional libraries are as follows: Administration. Mechanical technology. Administrative assistant’s office. Medicine. . American archeology. Mineral technology. Anthropology. Minerals. Biology. Mollusks. Birds. National Gallery of Art. Botany. Old World archeology. Echinoderms. Organic chemistry. Editor’s office. Paleobotany. Ethnology. Photography. Fishes. Physical anthropology. Foods. Property clerk’s office. Geology. Reptiles and batrachians. Graphic arts. Superintendent’s office. History. Taxidermy. Insects. Textiles. Invertebrate paleontology. Vertebrate paleontology. Mammals. War library. Marine invertebrates. Wood technology. TECHNOLOGICAL LIBRARY The technological library, the division of the Museum Library which contains the collections of especial interest to the curators of arts and industries, is located in the Old Museum Building. Dur- ing the year the reorganization of its material was continued. Its accessions numbered 152 volumes and 353 pamphlets, and its loans 150. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 113 ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY LIBRARY Additions to the library of the Astrophysical Observatory num- bered 114 volumes, 32 parts of volumes, and 89 pamphlets. The number of volumes bound was 81. Exact records of loans can not be given, as they are included with those of the office library. This is one of the most important of the smaller branches of the Smithsonian library and is much in use. Thanks to the generosity of a friend, its collections will be enlarged and made more available in the immediate future. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY LIBRARY The activities of the library of the Bureau of American Ethnology are described in the report of the chief of that bureau, by whom the library is administered. NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART LIBRARY As the National Gallery of Art is housed in the Natural History Building, its library is at present administered as a sectional library of the National Museum. This library, although possessing only 961 titles, of which 426 are volumes and 535 pamphlets, has been most carefully selected, and should grow rapidly when given room in the National Gallery Building now in prospect. Its accessions during the year were 118 volumes, 478 parts of volumes, and 52 pamphlets. FREER GALLERY OF ART LIBRARY The library of the Freer Gallery of Art is solely a reference li- brary, restricted to the interests represented in the collections of art objects—that is to say, to the arts and cultures of the Far East, of India and Persia, and the nearer east; to the life and works of James McNeill Whistler and of certain other American painters whose pictures are owned by the gallery; and further, to a very limited degree, to that field of study represented by the Biblical manuscripts of the fourth and fifth centuries, which, as the posses- sions of the Freer Gallery, are known as the Washington manu- scripts. All books and library facilities are at the service of the public. During the year 200 persons availed themselves of these privileges. Most of the more serious students came from a distance for the especial purpose of studying various parts of the collections and the books relating to them. The library comprises about 2,200 books in English, French, Ger- man, and Dutch and almost 300 in Chinese, Japanese, and Tibetan, with necessary dictionaries. In addition, there are a good many volumes on loan from the Library of Congress. During the year 90 volumes and 127 pamphlets were added to the library. 114 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1925 NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK LIBRARY Early in the year the cataloguing of the library of the National Zoological Park was completed, and its duplicates and other super- fluous material were removed. Its accessions, including the old items which had been in the library for some time but which had never been entered, were 475 volumes, 1 part, and 2 pamphlets. SUMMARY OF ACCESSIONS The accessions for the year, with the exception of those to the library of the Bureau of American Ethnology, may be summarized as follows: Other Library . Volumes| publica-; Total tions Astrophysical Observatory_--...--------------- mre as fe ie CISL ln et 114 121 235 KreorjGallenyiolArt- = 2 Sen22 2 oe a a ee Ee 90 127 : 217 ‘National Gallery of Att. 00 2 eft ee eee tee AMS eae ce 118 530 648 National Zoological (Park: - 2-5 2- fs 202 bo pee as eee SAE 475 3 478 Smithsonian deposit, Library of Congressi-2.- 222) sae eee wee 5, 184 2, 103 7, 287 Sinithsonisniotice:---<- --- 22 soe ee eee eee eee Sere 312 9 321 UnitediStates National Musetmas 22-22-23 2 4 - Se ee ee ee ee es 1, 457 1, 894 3, 351 TOtal os a2 hee eee ae ee ee Ae TE Rie eee See 7, 750 4, 787 12, 537 An estimate of the number of volumes, pamphlets, and charts in the Smithsonian library (including the Smithsonian deposit in the Library of Congress) on June 30, 1925, was as follows: WiOlHMES (os = oa ee ee 507, 750 Pamphlets 2-38 a es a ees 187, 558 Wharts2 202 os ee ee Se re 238, 462 Motal ast se lee yee 2 te 668, 770 This number does not include the many thousands of parts of volumes now in the library awaiting completion of the volumes. SPECIAL ACTIVITIES Besides carrying on the usual work of the year, the library staff gave as much time as possible to special problems, such as sorting accumulations of miscellaneous material in different parts of the library; bringing together superfluous duplicates and separates to be disposed of later by gift or by piece for piece exchange; inven- torying the sectional libraries; making shelf lists for the two divi- sions of the Museum library; advancing the cataloguing of several of the special collections, particularly the Iddings, Gill, and Knab; furthering the cause of science by making part of the Lacoe collec- REPORT OF THE SECRETARY ETD tion available for semipermanent deposit with colleges, universities, and museums; and responding to many requests involving reference work for various Government departments and for institutions and individuals the country over. Furthermore, the librarian made an extensive survey of the con- dition of the library and submitted a detailed report of its needs to the secretary. This survey revealed many problems pressing for solution, problems that can be solved only by a liberal increase, over a term of years, of the funds appropriated for library purposes. These increased funds should be at hand at the earliest possible ‘moment, to the end that more than 8,000 volumes may be bound; that more than 30,000 books and pamphlets, including several almost priceless collections, may be accessioned and catalogued; that a dic- tionary catalogue of the entire library (including the sectional libraries), except, of course, the Smithsonian deposit, may be made; and that other urgent pieces of work connected with the reorgani- zation and development of the library may be done—in a word, that the rich collections of the library may, by a more complete applica- tion of modern methods, be made available without undue delay to scientific workers, both in Washington and elsewhere. Then and then only will the library be ready to do its full part toward the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men. Respectfully submitted. Witiiam L. Corsi, Librarian. Dr. CHartes D. Watcort, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. APPENDIX 10 REPORT ON THE PUBLICATIONS ‘Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the publi- cations of the Smithsonian Institution and its branches during the year ending June 30, 1925: The Institution proper published during the year 12 papers in the series of Miscellaneous Collections, 2 annual reports and pamphlet copies of 48 articles in the general appendixes to these reports, and 6 special publications. The Bureau of American Ethnology pub- lished 1 bulletin and 2 annual reports. The United States National Museum issued 1 annual report, 2 volumes of proceedings, 2 com- plete bulletins, 1 part of a bulletin, 3 parts of 2 volumes im the series of Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, - and 66 separates from the proceedings. The National Gallery of Art issued four catalogues of special exhibitions. Of these publications there were distributed during the year 171,865 copies, which included 262 volumes and separates of the Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, 24,008 volumes and sepa- rates of the Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 26,825 volumes and separates of the Smithsonian annual reports, 6,102 Smithsonian special publications, 104,596 volumes and separates of the various series of National Museum publications, 7,354 publications of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 114 publications of the National Gallery of Art, 68 volumes of the Annals of the Astrophysical Ob- servatory, 44 reports on the Harriman Alaska expedition, 1,057 re- ports of the American Historical Association, and 1,435 publications presented to but not issued directly by the Smithsonian Institution or its branches. ' SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS Of the Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, volume 69, 1 paper was issued; volume 75, 2 papers; volume 76, 3 papers; volume 77, 6 papers; in all, 12 papers as follows: VOLUME 69 ’ No. 1. Smithsonian Meteorological Tables, Fourth Revised Hdition. First Reprint. December 5, 1924. (Publ. 24938.) 116 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 117 VOLUME 75 No. 2. Cambrian Geology and Paleontology. V. No. 2. Cambrian and Lower Ozarkian Trilobites. By Charles D. Walcott. July 19, 1924. Pp. 53-60, pls. 9-14, (Publ. 2788.) No. 3. Cambrian Geology and Paleontology. V. No. 3. Cambrian and Ozar- kian Trilobites. By Charles D. Walcott. June 1, 1925. Pp. 61-146, pls. 15-24. (Publ. 2823.) VOLUME 76 No. 11. The Freshfield Glacier, Canadian Rockies. By Howard Palmer. August 2, 1924. 16 pp., 9 pls., 3 text figs. (Publ. 2757.) No. 12. “Adaptations” to Social Life: The Termites (Isoptera). By Thomas BH. Snyder. September 2, 1924. 14 pp., 3 pls. (Publ. 2786.) No. 13. Preliminary Archeological Explorations at Weeden Island, Florida. By J. Walter Fewkes. October 14, 1924. 26 pp., 21 pls., 1 text fig. (Publ. 2787.) VOLUME 77 No. 1. A Chapter in the History of Zoological Nomenclature. By Leonhard Stejneger. August 30, 1924. 21 pp. (Publ. 2789.) No. 2. Explorations and Field Work of the Smithsonian Institution in 1924. April 17, 1925. 186 pp., 1388 text figs. (Publ. 2794.) No. 3. Provisional Solar Constant Values, August, 1920, to November, 1924. By C. G. Abbot and Colleagues. February 17, 1925. 38 pp., 2 text figs. (Publ. 2818.) No. 5. Solar Variation and Forecasting. By C. G. Abbot. June 20, 1925. 27 pp., 18 figs. (Publ. 2825.) No. 6. Solar Radiation and Weather, or Forecasting Weather from Observa- tions of the Sun. By H. H. Clayton. June 20, 1925. 64 pp., 45 text figs. (Publ. 2826.) No. 7. Solar Radiation and the Weekly Weather Forecast of the Argentine Meteorological Service. By Guillermo Hoxmark. June 20, 1925. 23 pp., 5 text figs. (Publ. 2827.) In press at close of year VOLUME 77 No. 4. An Introduction to the Morphology and Classification of the Fora- minifera. By Joseph A. Cushman. July 21, 1925. 77 pp., 16 pls., 11 text figs. (Publ. 2824.) SMITHSONIAN ANNUAL REPORTS Report for 1922—The complete volume of the Annual Report of the Board of Regents for 1922 was received from the Public Printer in October, 1924. Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, show- ing operations, expenditures, and condition of the Institution for the year ending June 30, 1922. xii+554 pp., 142 pls., 49 text figures. (Publ. 2724.) The appendix contained the following papers: Who will promote science? by C. G. Abbot. Recent discoveries and theories relating to the structure of matter, by Karl Taylor Compton. 118 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1925 The architecture of atoms and a universe built of atoms, by C. G. Abbot. Aeronautic research, by Joseph 8S, Ames. Photosynthesis and the possible use of solar energy, by H. A. Spoehr. Fogs and clouds, by W. J. Humphreys. Some aspects of the use of the annual rings of trees in climatic study, by Prof, A. E. Douglass. The age of the earth, by T. C. Chamberlin and others. How deep is the ocean? by C. G. Abbot. Two decades of genetic progress, by HE. M. Hast. Observations on a Montana beaver canal, by S. Stillman Berry. The Republic of Salvador, by Paul C. Standley. The tent caterpillar, by R. E. Snodgrass. The life history and habits of the solitary wasp, Philanthus gibbosus, by Hd- ward G. Reinhard. The use of idols in Hopi worship, by J. Walter Fewkes. Two Chaco Canyon pit houses, by Neil M. Judd. Collections of Old World archeology in the United States National Museum, by I. M. Casanowicz. The ‘ Shake Religion” of Puget Sound, by T. T. Waterman. Excavations at Askalon, by Prof. J. Garstang. National efforts at home making, by F. H. Newell. Ideals of the telephone service, by John J. Carty. Report for 1923.——The complete volume of the Report of the Board of Regents for 1923 was received from the Public Printer in June, 1925. Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, showing operations. expenditures, and condition of the Institution for the year ending June 30, 1923. xii+578 pp., 100 pls., 72 text figures. (Publ. 2758. ) ’ The appendix contained the following papers: The constitution and evolution of the stars, by Henry Norris Russell. The sun and sunspots, 1820-1920, by E. Walter Maunder. ; Joining the electric wave and heat wave spectra, by E. F. Nichols and J. D. Tear. The possibilities of instrumental development, by George HE. Hale. The borderland of astronomy and geology, by Prof. A. 8S. Eddington. Atmospheric nitrogen fixation, by Hric A. Lof. The place of proteins in the diet in the light of the newer knowledge of nutri- tion, by H. H. Mitchell. ; The story of the production and uses of ductile tantalum, by Clarence W. Balke. The composition of the earth’s interior, by L. H. Adams and N. L. Williamson. ; Diamond-bearing peridotite in Pike County, Ark., by H. D. Miser and C. 8. Ross. Recent progress and trends in vertebrate paleontology, by W. D. Matthew. Animals in the National Zoological Park, by N. Hollister. The burrowing rodents of California as agents in soil formation, by Joseph Grinnell. The natural history of China, by A. de C. Sowerby. Life in the ocean, by Austin H. Clark. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 119 A study of the flight of sea gulls, by R. C. Miller. Insect musicians and their instruments, by R. E. Snodgrass. The gardens of ancient Mexico, by Mrs. Zelia Nuttall. The Hovenweep National Monument, by J. Walter Fewkes. The origin and antiquity of the American Indian, by A. Hrdlictka. Ruined cities of Palestine, east and west of the Jordan, by Arthur W. Sutton. The anthropological work of Prince Albert 1st of Monaco and recent progress in human paleontology in France, by Marcellin Boule. The utilization of voleanic steam in Italy. Proposed tidal hydroelectric power development of the Petitcodiac and Mem- ramcook Rivers, by W. Rupert Turnbull. Sir James Dewar, by Sir James Crichton-Browne. J. C. Kapteyn, by A. Van Maanen. Julius Von Hann, by C. G. S. Report for 1924.—The report of the executive committee and pro- ceedings of the Board of Regents of the Institution, and the report of the secretary, both forming parts of the annual report of the Board of Regents to Congress, were issued in pamphlet form in De- cember, 1924. Report of the executive committee and proceedings of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution for the year ending June 30, 1924. 14 pp. (Publ. 2792.) Report of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution for the year ending June 30, 1924. 124 pp. (Publ. 2791.) The general appendix to this report, which was in press at the close of the year, contains the following papers: The origin of the solar system, by J. H. Jeans. The electrical structure of matter, by Prof. Sir Ernest Rutherford. The physicist’s present conception of an atom, by R. S. Millikan. The vacuum—there’s something in it, by W. R. Whitney. The use of radium’in medicine, by Antoine Béclére. Clear fused quartz made in the electric furnace, by Edward R. Berry. The drifting of the continents, by Pierre Termier. The probable solution of the climatic problem in geology, by William Ramsay. A modern managerie ; more about the National Zoological Park, by N. Hollister. Nests and nesting habits of the American eagle, by Francis H. Herrick. The breeding places of the eel, by Johs. Schmidt. Cankerworms, by R. E. Snodgrass. A botanical trip to Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, by A. S. Hitchcock. Orchid collecting in Central America, by Paul C. Standley. Sketches’ from the notebook of a naturalist-traveler in Oceania during the year 1923, by Casey A. Wood. Historical tradition and oriental research, by James Henry Breasted. Shamanism of the natives of Siberia, by I. M. Casanowicz. Egypt as a field for anthropological research, by Prof. P. E. Newberry. North American Indian dwellings, by T. T. Waterman. The nature of language, by R. L. Jones. John Mix Stanley, artist-explorer, by David I. Bushnell. Herluf Winge, by Th. Mortensen. 120 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1925 SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS Smithsonian Mathematical Tables—Hyperbolie Functions, Third reprint. Prepared by George F. Becker and C. E. Van Orstrand. December 10, 1924. 321 pp. (Publ. 1871.) The Relations of the Smithsonian Institution to the National Government. February 5, 1925. 8 pp. Niagara Falls: Its Power Possibilities and Preservation. By Samuel S8. Wyer. January 15, 1925. 28 pp., 2 pls., 4 figs. (Publ. 2820.) Title page and index of Volume 67, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. (Publ. 2790.) Title page and contents of Volume 74, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collec- tions. (Publ. 2821.) Title page and contents of Volume 76, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collee- tions. (Publ. 2922.) PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM The publications of the National Museum are: (a) The annual report, (6) the Proceedings of the United States National Museum, and (c) the Bulletin of the United States National Museum, which includes the contributions from the United States National Herba- rium. The editorship of these publications is vested in Dr. Marcus Benjamin. F : During the year ending June 30, 1925, the Museum published 1 annual report, 2 volumes of proceedings, 2 complete bulletins, 1 part of a bulletin, 3 parts of 2 volumes in the series Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, and 66 separates from the proceedings. The issues of the bulletins were as follows: Bulletin 100. Contributions to the Biology of the Philippine Archipelago and Adjacent Regions. Volume 6, part 1. Marine Diatoms of the Philippine Islands. By Albert Mann. Bulletin 129. The Spider Crabs of America. By Mary J. Rathbun. Bulletin 130. Life Histories of North American Wild Fowl. Order Anseres (Part). By Arthur Cleveland Bent. Of the separate papers of the Contributions from the United States National Herbarium the following were issued : Volume 20, part 13. Revision of the American Species of Rinorea. New Plants from Venezuela. Hemibaccharis. A new Genus of Baccharidinae. By 8. F. Blake. Volume 20, part 14. The American Species of Canavalia and Wenderothia. By C. V. Piper. Volume 238, part 4. Trees and Shrubs of Mexico. (Passifloraceae-Scrophularia- ceae.) By Paul C. Standley. Of the separates from the proceedings, 4 were from volume 64, 15 from volume 65, 31 from volume 66, and 16 from volume 67. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY Tor PUBLICATIONS OF THE NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART The National Gallery of Art issued during the year the following publications: Catalogue of a collection of water-color paintings of the Grand Canyon of the Colorado, Yellowstone National Park, Yosemite Valley, Zion National Park, Utah National Park, and the Monterey Coast of California, by Mr. Gunnar * Widforss. On view in the National Gallery, December, 1924, to January, 1925. 4 pp. Catalogue of a collection of busts of prominent personages in bronze and terra cotta, by Mrs. Nancy Cox-McCormack. On view in the National Gallery, December 16, 1924, to January 16, 1925. 4 pp. Catalogue of a collection of portraits and studies in different techniques, by Leo Katz, of Vienna, Austria. On view in the National Gallery, January 16 to February 15, 1925. 4 pp. Catalogue of recent miniature portraits by Alyn Williams, P. R. M. S. (presi- dent Royal Miniature Society), and portrait busts in bronze and plaster, relief portraits, medallions, carvings in precious and semiprecious stones, and some great seals, by Cecil Thomas, R. M. S. On view in the National Gallery, March 3 to March 22, 1925. 8 pp. PUBLICATIONS OF THE BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY The editorial work of the Bureau of American Ethnology is under the direction of Mr. Stanley Searles, editor. During the year, there were published two annual reports and one bulletin as follows: Thirty-eighth Annual Report. Accompanying paper: An Introductory Study of the Arts, Crafts, and Customs of the Guiana Indians (Roth). vii, 743 pp., 183 pls., 341 figs. Thirty-ninth Annual Report. Accompanying paper: The Osage Tribe: The Rite of Vigil (La Flesche). 6386 pp., 17 pls. 4 figs. (Received July 13, 1925.) Bulletin 78. Handbook of the Indians of California (Kroeber). xviii, 995 pp., 83 pls., 78 figs. (Received July 17, 1925.) At the close of the year there were in press or in preparation three annual reports as follows: Fortieth Annual Report. Accompanying papers: The Mythical Origin of the White Buffalo Dance of the Fox Indians; The Autobiography of a Fox Indian Woman; Notes on Fox Mortuary Customs and Beliefs; Notes on the Fox Society Known as ‘Those Who Worship the Little Spotted Buf- falo” ; The Traditional Origin of the Fox Society Known as “The Singing Around Rite.” (Michelson.) Forty-first Annual Report. Accompanying paper: Salish Basketry (Boas). Forty-second Annual Report. Accompanying paper: Social Organization and Social Usages of the Indians of the Creek Confederacy; Religious beliefs and medical practices of the Creek Indians (Swanton). REPORT OF THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION The annual reports of the American Historical Association are transmitted by the association to the Secretary of the Smithsonian 192 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1925 Institution and are communicated by him to Congress as provided by the act of incorporation of the association. Volume II, Parts I and II, of the annual report for 1919 and the CR , volume to the report for 1921, entitled “ Writings in American History,” were issued during the year. The annual reports for 1920, 1921, and 1922, and the supplemental volume to the report for 1922 were in press at the close of the year. p REPORT OF THE NATIONAL SOCIETY, DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION The manuscript of the Twenty-seventh Annual Report of the National Society, Daughters of the American Revolution, was trans- mitted to Congress, in accordance with the law, on December 8, 1924. SMITHSONIAN ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON PRINTING AND PUBLICATION The editor has continued to serve as secretary of the Smithsonian advisory committee on printing and publication, to which are re- ferred for consideration and recommendation all manuscripts offered to the Institution and its branches. Five meetings were held during the year and 75 manuscripts acted upon. Respectfully submitted. W. P. True, Hditor. Dr. Cuartes D. Watcort, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. O LIBRARIES I 1 6022