Oritiog OH Pind.
G. &, Rgtees! Yeecer

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY
OF THE SMITHSONIAN
INSTITUTION
AND
FINANCIAL REPORT OF
- THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF
THE BOARD OF REGENTS

1934

_ SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
WASHINGTON, D. C.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY
OF THE SMITHSONIAN
INSTITUTION

AND

FINANCIAL REPORT OF
THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF
THE BOARD OF REGENTS

FOR THE

YEAR ENDING JUNE 30
Ost

(Publication 3289)

UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1934

'

Ms 4 |
iow n gl \
Ts

OF

CONTENTS

Page

SLATS COME CSE HSS ASE A ee ae I es a eo a 1
Outstam cine yeviembs Gays eee eee a i ee ye ee 5
Summanyjonbnenyear Ss activities] ses. se oe ole ee 6
PTs eee ssa loys nin rn ea ps a cee nye IR a ie A ealen e 8
Aulve ws OatGl OME De rns eee Ng at RY le lg ee 9
TUG Gay GCSES SE OC TG AU UD et UO gan Nera ere te 10
Mattersroigceneralanterests S243 22225 ee bee Ae ee i ee 10
Johnson-Smithsonian Deep-Sea Expedition ___-__----------------- 10
Researches im Huropean archivess. 22000205050) ha a 10
Walter Rathbone Bacon traveling scholarship____________________- 12

PAY treo Ue i le Nt LYE Oo aN Og el Pe 12

1 EXSY OUTS ASI es ee ee Ul Pa ge tea TY Sa al 12
ldsgollonemavonars ~navol GirelKol \yyopA ie he A ee ee 13

BFA a Te east. Sr eo poe a a ae Ce PI 14

EDGE Ly Te ea Tey ey ae aT a YO ci poeta ELS SoM Bae etal Ss 2) cl at eee 14
Appendix 1. Report on the United States National Museum____-------- 15
2. Report on the National Gallery of Art________-__-_------ 23

3. Report on the Freer Gallery of Art______________-__---_-- 29

4. Report on the Bureau of American Ethnology_______---_-- 33

5. Report on the International Exchange Service_______---_-- 41

6. Report on the National Zoological Park_________________- 46

7. Report on the Astrophysical Observatory_____------------ 54

8. Report on the Division of Radiation and Organisms- _- --~-- 56
OFPRepononr he iloraryjo. = 5 ee see he i ee ao ey aes 58

OA Re portson: publications! sae = 2222656 eee aa ae eee ae 68

Report of the executive committee of the Board of Regents_--_----------- 73

0 hae eae ss al eriony
6 \ | -
a . + Yai
Wy i y F
cA
ed (ea aie
: PART AT A es Oe
gant
‘ . ADEM A ROY nit a “
c mt wks 28 ny wid eS erearesiaathelaia
u cae Mi rm ‘ Hs ee Yo iz:
*
iN LL eae il pis
wie , Oe gh tn Ar <1 wip ha ed fisegotn 1 Hf pt
ae iitetcutrietee SO aie. iar wvoddoast, vail
Gi ' Ae ea eee een ann sha f
i een
a <
: H t . “a tw & * ° - + - ia « ok
- f > A . r hi b ‘ ; ;
| ; ¥ pinche: Go Steet tis AL neg, Seat es Temaee” he Yee ‘Ee x

pu i . 2 1o roti Riohin Ve oi) oor ae
{ ; ees TIIMGRS er 9 TS eG Poepadt, ais
aeRO eee cucahaisal ech ca MUS He eye aii ne danepeeh Be
i an t faaitacaedie! ot Oath iqast a
ih Lena! \ i patie XN taloita’t ath ine 24g OF0 th,
a | yew ORO raed ape eas wild We dnocath:
ic , oy Meester are TE Poe anak rege Tee et pel AL, Bald tee Honore Ae
Delle oh apart oc Pe aN rouall ot
a oad Bye ng, Caen oie tine “cer roqall aise
ff Yo banukl od raatiaitn Oy ovitehioxe: ‘hi ay.

*
am

THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

June 30, 1934

Presiding officer ex officio—FRANKLIN D. RoosEvEtt, President of the United
States.
Chancellor—CuaruEs Evans Hucues, Chief Justice of the United States.
Members of the Institution:
FRANKLIN D. RoosEvzE.t, President of the United States.
Joun N. Garner, Vice President of the United States.
CuHarLEs Evans Huaues, Chief Justice of the United States.
CorDELL HULt, Secretary of State.
Henry Morcentuat, Jr., Secretary of the Treasury.
_. Georce H. Dsxrn, Secretary of War.
Homer S. Cummines, Attorney General.
JAMES A. FaruLEy, Postmaster General.
CiaupE A. Swanson, Secretary of the Navy.
Haro.p L. Icxss, Secretary of the Interior.
Henry A. WALLACE, Secretary of Agriculture.
Danie C. Ropsr, Secretary of Commerce.
FRANCES Perkins, Secretary of Labor.
Regents of the Institution:
CuHarLes Evans Hucues, Chief Justice of the United States, Chancellor.
Joon N. Garner, Vice President of the United States.
JosEPH T. Roprnson, Member of the Senate.
M. M. Logan, Member of the Senate.
Davin A. ReEp, Member of the Senate.
T. Atan GotpsBorouGcH, Member of the House of Representatives.
Epwarp H. Crumr, Member of the House of Representatives.
CuHarwes L. Girrorp, Member of the House of Representatives.
Irwin B. LAvGHLIN, citizen of Pennsylvania.
FrEepERIc A. DELANO, citizen of Washington, D. C.
JoHn C. Merriam, citizen of Washington, D. C.
R. Watton Moors, citizen of Virginia.
Rosert W. BrneuaM, citizen of Kentucky.
Aveustus P. Lorine, citizen of Massachusetts.
Executive committee—FrepERIC A. DELANO, JoHN C. Merriam, R. WALTON
Moore.
Secretary.— CHARLES G. ABBOT.
Assistant Secretary. ALEXANDER WETMORE.
Administrative assistant to the Secretary— Harry W. DorsEY.
Treasurer.—NicHouas W. Dorstry.
Editor.—WeEBSTER P. TRUE.
Librarian.—Witu1aM L. Corsin.
Personnel officer HELEN A. OLMSTED.
Property clerk.—James H. Hit.

UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Keeper ex officio—CHARLES G. ABBOT.
Assistant Secretary (in charge).— ALEXANDER WETMORE.
Associate Directer.—JOHN E. GRraF.

2 ANNUAL REPCRT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1934

SCIENTIFIC STAFF

DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY:
Walter Hough, head curator; W. H. Egberts, chief preparator.

Division of Ethnology: Walter Hough, curator; H. W. Krieger, curator;
H. B. Collins, Jr., assistant curator; Arthur P. Rice, collaborator.

Section of Musical Instruments: Hugo Worch, custodian.
Section of Ceramics: Samuel W. Woodhouse, collaborator.

Division of Archeology: Neil M. Judd, curator; F. M. Setzler, assistant
curator; R. G. Paine, aid; J. Townsend Russell, honorary assistant curator
of Old World archeology.

Division of Physical Anthropology: Ale’ Hrdliéka, curator; Thomas D. Stewart,
assistant curator.

Collaborator in anthropology: George Grant MacCurdy; D. I. Bushnell, Jr.

Associate in historic archeology: Cyrus Adler.

DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY:
Leonhard Stejneger, head curator; W. L. Brown, chief taxidermist. °

Division of Mammals: Gerrit 8. Miller, Jr., curator; Remington Kellogg,
assistant curator; A. J. Poole, scientific aid; A. Brazier Howell, collaborator.

Division of Birds: Herbert Friedmann, curator; J. H. Riley, associate curator;
Alexander Wetmore, custodian of alcoholic and skeleton collections;
Casey A. Wood, collaborator; Arthur C. Bent, collaborator.

Division of Reptiles and Batrachians: Leonhard Stejneger, curator; Doris M.
Cochran, assistant curator.

Division of Fishes: George S. Myers, assistant curator; E. D. Reid, aid.

Division of Insects: L. O. Howard, honorary curator; William Schaus, hon-
orary assistant curator; B. Preston Clark, collaborator.

Section of Hymenoptera: S. A. Rohwer, custodian; W. M. Mann, assist-
ant custodian; Robert A. Cushman, assistant custodian.

Section of Myriapoda: O. F. Cook, custodian.

Section of Diptera: Charles T. Greene, assistant custodian.

Section of Coleoptera: L. L. Buchanan, specialist for Casey collection.

Section of Lepidoptera: J. T. Barnes, collaborator.

Section of Orthoptera: A. N. Caudell, custodian.

Section of Hemiptera: W. L. McAtee, acting custodian.

Section of Forest Tree Beetles: A. D. Hopkins, custodian.

Division of Marine Invertebrates: Waldo L. Schmitt, curator; C. R. Shoemaker,
assistant curator; James O. Maloney, aid; Mrs. Harriet Richardson Searle,
collaborator; Max M. Ellis, collaborator; William H. Longley, collaborator;
Maynard M. Metcalf, collaborator; Joseph A. Cushman, collaborator in
foraminifera; Charles Branch Wilson, collaborator in Copepoda.

Division of Mollusks: Paul Bartsch, curator; Harald A. Rehder, assistant
curator; Mary Breen, collaborator.

Section of Helminthological Collections: Maurice C. Hall, custodian.

Division of Echinoderms: Austin H. Clark, curator.

Division of Plants (National Herbarium): Frederick V. Coville, honorary
curator; W. R. Maxon, associate curator; Ellsworth P. Killip, associate
curator; Emery C. Leonard, assistant curator; Conrad V. Morton, aid;
Egbert H. Walker, aid; John A. Stevenson, custodian of C. G. Lloyd
mycological collection.

Section of Grasses: Albert S. Hitchcock, custodian.
Section of Cryptogamie Collections: O. F. Cook, assistant curator.
Section of Higher Algae: W. T. Swingle, custodian.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 3

DEPARTMENT oF Brotogy—Continued.
Division of Plants—Continued.
Section of Lower Fungi: D. G. Fairchild, custodian.
Section of Diatoms: Albert Mann, custodian.
Associates in Zoology: C. Hart Merriam, W. L. Abbott, Mary J. Rathbun,
C. W. Stiles, Theodore 8. Palmer, William B. Marshall.

Associate Curator in Zoology: Hugh M. Smith.

Associate in Marine Sediments: T. Wayland Vaughan.

Collaborator in Zoology: Robert Sterling Clark.

Collaborators in Biology: A. K. Fisher, David C. Graham.

DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY:
R. S. Bassler, head curator.

Division of Physical and Chemical Geology (systematic and applied): W. F.
Foshag, curator; Edward P. Henderson, assistant curator.

Division of Mineralogy and Petrology: W. F. Foshag, curator; Frank L. Hess,

custodian of rare metals and rare earths.

Division of Stratigraphic Paleontology: Charles E. Resser, curator; Gustav A.
Cooper, assistant curator; Jessie G. Beach, aid; Margaret W. Moodey,
aid for Springer collection.

Section of Invertebrate Paleontology: T. W. Stanton, custodian of
Mesozoic collection; Paul Bartsch, curator of Cenozoic collection.
Section of Paleobotany: David White, associate curator.

Division of Vertebrate Paleontology: Charles W. Gilmore, curator; Charles L.
Gazin, assistant curator; Norman H. Boss, chief preparator.

Associate in Mineralogy: W. T. Schaller.

Associates in Paleontology: E. O. Ulrich, August F. Foerste.

Associate in Petrology: Whitman Cross.

DEPARTMENT OF ARTS AND INDUSTRIES:
Carl W. Mitman, head curator.

Division of Engineering: Frank A. Taylor, curator.

Section of Mechanical Technology: Frank A. Taylor, in charge; Fred C.
Reed, scientific aid.

Section of Aeronautics: Paul E. Garber, assistant curator.

Section of Mineral Technology: Carl W. Mitman, in charge; Chester G.
Gilbert, honorary curator.

Division of Textiles: Frederick L. Lewton, curator; Mrs. E. W. Rosson, aid.
Section of Wood Technology: William N. Watkins, assistant curator.
Section of Organic Chemistry: Aida M. Doyle, aid.

Division of Medicine: Charles Whitebread, assistant curator.

Division of Graphic Arts: R. P. Tolman, curator.

Section of Photography: A. J. Olmsted, assistant curator.

Loeb Collection of Chemical Types: Aida M. Doyle, in charge.

Division or History: T. T. Belote, curator; Charles Carey, assistant curator;
Mrs. C. L. Manning, philatelist.

ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF

Chief of correspondence and documents.—H. S. Bryant.

Assistant chief of correspondence and documents.—L. E. COMMERFORD.
Superintendent of buildings and labor.—J. S. GoupsMiTH.

Assistant superintendent of buildings and labor.—R. H. TREMBLY.
Editor —Pauu H. Oruser.

Engineer.—C. R. DENMARK.

Accountant and auditor.—N. W. Dorsey.

4 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1934

Photographer.—A. J. OLMSTED.
Property clerk.—W. A. KNOWLES.
Assistant Librarian.—L3iua F. Cuark.

NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART

Acting director—Rvurt P. TouMan.

FREER GALLERY OF ART

Curator.—JOHN ELLERTON LODGE.
Associate curator.—CaRrL WuHitTiInG BISHOP.
Assistant curator.—GRracE DUNHAM GUEST.
Associate—KATHARINE NasH RHOADES.
Assistant.—ARCHIBALD G. WENLEY.
Superintendent JoHN BUNDY.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

Chief—Matruzw W. STIRLING.

Ethnologists —JoHN P. HARRINGTON, JoHN N. B. Hewitt, TRumMAaN MICHELSON,
Joun R. Swanton, Wituiam D. Strona.

Archeologist FRANK H. H. Roperts, Jr.

Associate anthropologist—WinsLow M. WALKER.

Editor.—STANLEY SEARLES.

Librarian.—Euua LEARY.

Illustrator—Epwin G. CassEepy.

INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGES

Secretary (in charge).—CHARLES G. ABBOT.
Chief clerk.—CoatEs W. SHOEMAKER.

NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK

Director.—WiLuL1aM M. Mann.
Assistant Director.—ERNEST P. WALKER.

ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY

Director.—CuHaruEs G. ABBOT.

Assistant director.—Loyvau B. ALDRICH.

Research assistant—FREDERICK E. Fowte, Jr.
Associate research assistant—WILLIAM H. HOovER.

DIVISION OF RADIATION AND ORGANISMS

Director—Cuarues G. ABBOT.

Assistant director.—Earu 8S. JOHNSTON.

Research and consulting physicist FREDERICK 8. BRACKETT.
Associate research assistant.—Epwarkp D. McALISTER.
Assistant in radiation research.—LELAND B. CuARK.
Research associate—FLORENCE HE. MEIER.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

C. G. ABBOT
FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1934

To the Board of Regents of the Smithsoman Institution.

GENTLEMEN: I have the honor to submit herewith my report show-
ing the activities and condition of the Smithsonian Institution and
the Government bureaus under its administrative charge during the
fiscal year ended June 30, 1934. The first 14 pages contain a summary
account of the affairs of the Institution, and appendixes 1 to 10 give
more detailed reports of the operations of the National Museum, the
National Gallery of Art, the Freer Gallery of Art, the Bureau of Amer-
ican Ethnology, the International Exchanges, the National Zoological
Park, the Astrophysical Observatory, the Division of Radiation and
Organisms, the Smithsonian Library, and of the publications issued
under the direction of the Institution. On page 73 is the financial
report of the executive committee of the Board of Regents.

OUTSTANDING EVENTS

Reduced income, both private and governmental, has greatly re-
stricted the scope and amount of the Institution’s researches, explora-
tions, and publications. Nevertheless, the year has been exception-
ally fruitful. Specimens of the rarest merit have been purchased for
the Freer collections. Fifteen papers were published descriptive of
new forms of marine life discovered by the first Johnson-Smithsonian
Deep-Sea Expedition to the Puerto Rican Deep in 1933. Very
significant progress is believed to have been made in the study of the
dependence of weather on the variation of the sun’s heat. Indeed
the indications already furnished by many test forecasts seem almost
to verify the hope that Secretary Langley voiced 40 years ago, namely,
that the study of the sun will yield means of forecasting weather for
seasons and even years in advance. In the Division of Radiation and
Organisms very accurate data have been obtained showing the in-
fluence of wave lengths of radiation upon the absorption of carbon
dioxide by wheat plants and upon the bending of plants toward the
light. Interesting results have also been gained on the growing of
wheat to maturity in air containing enhanced amounts of carbon
dioxide. Several papers were completed on the action of radiation to

91910342 5

6 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1934

promote or inhibit the multiplication of algae. The Institution par-
ticipated, through Dr. W. D. Strong, in an expedition to Honduras,
where much new ethnological and archeological information was
gained in a field heretofore little worked. The Government’s relief
program under the Civil Works Administration supported several »
very considerable archeological excavations in five States in charge
of members of the Institution’s staff. Especially interesting was the
excavation of a large mound near Macon, Ga. Six different levels of
occupation were uncovered there. Dr. Alan Mozley continued his
investigations of the mollusk fauna of Siberia under the Walter Rath-
bone Bacon traveling scholarship. The Institution received a be-
quest amounting to over $58,000 from William Herbert Rollins, of
Boston, to establish a fund to be known as “The Miriam and William
Rollins Fund for Exploration Beyond the Boundary of Knowledge.”
Outstanding among the year’s publications were the Eighth Revised
Edition of the Smithsonian Physical Tables, greatly enlarged and
brought up to date, and a supplemental volume of the World Weather
Records, covering the period 1921 to 1930.

SUMMARY OF THE YEAR’S ACTIVITIES

National Museum.—The appropriations for the year totaled $654,-
871, a decrease of $46,585 from those of the previous year. New
specimens added to the collections numbered 340,780. These in-
cluded valuable anthropological materials from Africa, Honduras
and Nicaragua, Australia, Alaska, and various regions in this country.
In the field of biology, large sendings of mammals, birds, and other
forms were received from China and Siam; unusually large collections
of insects were accessioned, one numbering 69,000 specimens; and
many important plant specimens were added to the National Her-
barium, particularly from North, South, and Central America,
the Hawaiian Islands, Poland, and French Indo-China. Among the
large number of rocks, minerals, gems, meteorites, and fossils received
by the department of geology may be mentioned the collection of
2,500 rocks assembled by the late Dr. Henry S. Washington, one of
the world’s leading petrologists, and the Tellef Dahll collection of
minerals from the pegmatites of southern Norway. In arts and in-
dustries, the most important accession was the Wright brothers’
airplane in which Calbraith P. Rodgers completed the first flight
across the United States, in 1911. To the historical collections, Mrs.
Herbert Hoover added a costume worn by her at the White House
during her husband’s administration. Although field work was
sreatly restricted by curtailed appropriations, nevertheless a number
of expeditions went out through various special arrangements in the
interest of the Museum’s scientific work. Visitors to the several
Museum buildings totaled 1,463,375.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 7

National Gallery of Art.—Three special exhibitions were held during
the year, one of works by Negro artists, another of miniatures by
Charles Fraser, and the third of water colors of the American Navy,
by Lt. Arthur E. Beaumont, U.S. N. R. A number of art works
were accessioned during the year subject to transfer to the Gallery
if approved by the National Gallery of Art Commission. Under the
fund established by the bequest of the late Catherine Walden Myer,
three miniatures were purchased for the Gallery. A descriptive
catalog was prepared of necklaces, jewels, and other miscellaneous
art objects contained in the Gellatly Collection, and a translation
was made of the Salmony Catalog of the Chinese glass in the same
collection.

Freer Gallery of Art.—The year’s additions to the collection include
an example of Arabic bookbinding, Chinese bronzes, Chinese and
Persian ceramics, Arabic glass, Chinese gold work, an Armenian
manuscript, and Chinese, East Christian (Byzantine), Indian, and
Persian paintings. Curatorial work was devoted to the study of
Armenian, Chinese, Japanese, Arabic, and Persian texts associated
with recent acquisitions. During the year 708 objects and 433 photo-
graphs of objects were submitted to the Curator for an opinion as to
their identity, provenance, and historical or esthetic value. Visitors
totaled 117,363, and 68 groups were given docent service. The
Gallery’s field expedition in China was recalled, as present conditions
there render cooperative archeological work practically impossible.
The expedition has to its credit, however, a moderate amount of
positive scientific achievement, as shown by the results of its surveys
and excavations. my

Bureau of American Ethnology.—-Under the C. W. A. relief program
a number of archeological investigations were conducted under the
direction of the scientific staff of the Bureau. In Florida, mounds
and habitation sites were excavated near Bradenton, on Perico Island,
at several points on the east coast, and in the vicinity of Lake Okee-
chobee. In Georgia, a large mound group was excavated near Macon.
In Tennessee, work was done on mounds in Shiloh National Military
Park. In California, archeological excavations were undertaken at
Buena Vista Lake, Kern County. Besides employing large numbers —
of men, these projects resulted in the amassing of a considerable
amount of new information on the Indian cultures of the regions
involved. Members of the staff also carried on other archeological
investigations in Georgia and Arizona, field studies of the California
Indians, linguistic studies, and further researches on the Iroquois
tribes.

International Exchanges.—In the official exchange with other coun-
tries of governmental and scientific documents, the exchange service
handled during the year a total of 675,980 packages, weighing 624,741

8 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1934

pounds. The clearance of consignments arriving at New York for
the Institution was taken over in April 1934 by the United States
Government Despatch Agent.

National Zoological Park.—<Accessions to the collection during the
year numbered 772, and removals through various causes totaled
1,030, leaving the collections at the close of the year at 2,238 animals,
representing 707 different species of mammals, birds, reptiles, and
other forms. The number of visitors was 2,978,041, including groups
from 586 schools in 20 States and the District of Columbia. With
the help of the C. W. A. and of the Work Planning and Job Assign-
ment Committee of the District, a large number of important projects
involving improvements to buildings and grounds were completed.
The great need of the Zoo continues to be the carrying out of its
program of providing adequate buildings for the splendid collection
of animals.

Astrophysical Observatory.—A statistical analysis of the solar-con-
stant observations made at the Mount Montezuma station led to an
improved method of reduction of the observations; this method was
applied at Mount Montezuma and resulted in increased accuracy.
The study of the relations of solar variation to the weather has shown
marked progress. The daily solar-constant values from Table Moun-
tain, Calif., have been broadeast. A new station for solar-constant
observations has been established on Mount St. Katherine, near
Mount Sinai, Egypt. The Eighth Revised Edition of the Smithsonian
Physical Tables, greatly enlarged, prepared by Mr. Fowle, was pub-
lished during the year.

Division of Radiation and Organisms.—The following investigations
were undertaken by the scientific staff of the division: Measurements
of the absorption of carbon dioxide from the air by wheat plants
under the influence of radiation; measurements of the effect of radia-
tion on worm eggs; the development of powerful apparatus for visible
and infrared absorption spectral investigations; growth experiments
with special radiation on tomatoes; measurements of phototropism in
oat coleoptiles; experiments to determine the influence on wheat of
modifying the supply of carbon dioxide; and studies of the influence
of radiation of various wave lengths on the multiplication of the alga

Chlorella vulgaris.
THE ESTABLISHMENT

The Smithsonian Institution was created by act of Congress in
1846, according to the terms of the will of James Smithson, of England,
who in 1826 bequeathed his property to the United States of America
“to found at Washington, under the name of the Smithsonian Insti-
tution, an establishment for the increase and diffusion of knowledge
among men.” In receiving the property and accepting the trust,
Congress determined that the Federal Government was without

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 9

authority to administer the trust directly, and, therefore, constituted
an “‘establishment”’ whose statutory members are “‘the President, the
Vice President, the Chief Justice, and the heads of the executive

departments.”’
THE BOARD OF REGENTS

The affairs of the Institution are administered by a Board of
Regents whose membership consists of ‘‘the Vice President, the Chief
Justice, three Members of the Senate, and three Members of the
House of Representatives, together with six other persons other than
Members of Congress, two of whom shall be resident in the city of
Washington and the other four shall be inhabitants of some State, but
no two of them of the same State.’’ One of the regents is elected chan-
cellor of the board. In the past the selection has fallen upon the Vice
President or the Chief Justice, and a suitable person is chosen by the
regents as Secretary of the Institution, who is also secretary of the
Board of Regents, and the executive officer directly in charge of the
Institution’s activities.

No changes occurred in the personnel of the Board during the year.
Dr. John C. Merriam, whose 6-year term as a citizen (District of
Columbia) regent expired on December 20, 1933, was reappointed as
a member of the Board by joint resolution of Congress approved
April 20, 1934, for the statutory term of 6 years.

The roll of regents at the close of the year was as follows: Charles
Evans Hughes, Chief Justice of the United States, Chancellor; John
N. Garner, Vice President of the United States; members from the
Senate—Joseph T. Robinson, M. M. Logan, David A. Reed; mem-
bers from the House of Representatives—T. Alan Goldsborough,
Edward H. Crump, Charles L. Gifford; citizen members—Irwin B.
Laughlin, Pennsylvania; Frederic A. Delano, Washington, D. C.;
John C. Merriam, Washington, D. C.; R. Walton Moore, Virginia;
Robert W. Bingham, Kentucky; Augustus P. Loring, Massachusetts.

Proceedings—Only one meeting of the full Board was held during
the year—the annual meeting on December 14, 1933. The regents
present were Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes, chancellor, Senator
M. M. Logan, Senator David A. Reed, Frederic A. Delano, Hon.
Irwin B. Laughlin, Dr. John C. Merriam, Hon. R. Walton Moore,
and the Secretary, Dr. Charles G. Abbot.

The Secretary presented his annual report, detailing the activities
of the several Government branches and of the parent Institution
during the year, and Mr. Delano presented the report of the executive
committee, covering financial statistics of the Institution. The
Secretary also presented the annual report of the National Gallery of
Art Commission.

The Secretary presented his usual special report reviewing the
outstanding events of the year, emphasizing the urgent need for the

10 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1934

erection of the proposed wings or extensions on the east and west sides
of the Natural History Building of the National Museum, and the
efforts which had been made by members of the board as well as by
himself to obtain the necessary funds to erect these extensions.
Dr. Wetmore, Assistant Secretary, described certain improvements
going forward at the National Zoological Park, under grants from
the Civil Works Administration, and also spoke of archeological
investigations which were being carried on in five States under similar
grants.

The Board adopted a resolution expressing its appreciation to
Eldridge R. Johnson and his son, E. R. Fenimore Johnson, for their
cooperation in the biological work of the Institution in connection
with the expedition to the Puerto Rican Deep. The meeting then
adjourned, and the regents inspected the special exhibits in the
Secretary’s office illustrative of some of the Institution’s recent
activities.

FINANCES

A statement will be found in the report of the executive committee,
page 73.
MATTERS OF GENERAL INTEREST

JOHNSON-SMITHSONIAN DEEP-SEA EXPEDITION

In last year’s report was described the first Johnson-Smithsonian
Deep-Sea Expedition to the Puerto Rican Deep, sponsored by Eldridge
R. Johnson, of Philadelphia, and directed by Dr. Paul Bartsch,
curator of the division of mollusks in the National Museum. This
first expedition is the beginning of an extensive program of ocean-
ographic investigation, for which Mr. Johnson has generously made
available his yacht Caroline, completely equipped at his expense with
the most modern devices for such work. ‘The first cruise resulted in
very large and valuable catches of marine forms, and these were
separated into their component groups and turned over to specialists
for report. During the past year 15 papers describing some of the
new forms were published in the Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collec-
tions, the groups so far partially covered being mollusks, crabs,
crinoids, nematodes, trematodes, annelids, fishes, brachiopods,
amphipods, brittlestars, and starfishes. Other papers in this series
will appear during the coming year.

RESEARCHES IN EUROPEAN ARCHIVES

Dr. C. U. Clark completed during the year his research work among
the European archives under the grant furnished to the Smithsonian
Institution by Hon. Charles G. Dawes in 1929. These researches
carried Dr. Clark through the principal depositories in Italy, Spain,

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 11

Portugal, France, and England, and resulted in the discovery of much
new material relating to the early history of exploration in America.
Besides many letters and short documents containing much interesting
information regarding the customs of the Indians of South and
Central America and their relationship to their Spanish conquerors,
the following list gives the titles of some of the principal manuscripts
which have been brought to light and which would be published if

funds were available:

“‘Compendio y Descripcion de las Indias Ocidentales”’, by Fray Antonio
Vasquez de Espinosa. 1628-29. Something over 300,000 words. A compre-
hensive report on Central and South America, including New Mexico, some of
California, a part of the West Indian Islands, and the Philippines. Original in
Vatican Library.

“Apologetica historia summaria, quanto a las calidades, dispusicion, descrip-
cion, cielo y suelo destas tierras; y condiciones, naturales policies, republicas,
maneras de biuir, y costumbres de las gentes destas Indias occidentales y meri-
dionales, cuyo imperio soberano pertenece a los Reyes Catholicos.”” MS. of 216
folios. Mentions Hispaniola, New Spain, Vera Paz, Peru. Some interesting
notes on Indian customs. In the Vatican Library.

‘“Tassaciones de la prouincia de Yucatan, hechas en la Real audiencia de los
Conffines que Reside en la ciudad de Sanctiago de Goatemala.”” 1549-1551.
Folios 307 to 401. Part of a document of 400 folios dealing with the assessments
of Guatemala, Nicaragua, Yucatan, and Comayagua (Honduras). ‘This is a
most interesting tax list of Yucatan and Tabasco, listing many settlements now
either abandoned or combined with others; showing the number of adult Indian
tax payers in most of the towns; indicating the exact amount to be paid yearly in
products of the land—corn, fowls, honey, bees wax, fish, cacao, cloth, ete. In
Archivo General de Indias.

‘‘Relacion historical eclesiastica de la prouincia de Yucatan .. .’’ Written in
1635 by the Bachiller Francisco de Cardenas i Balencia, clerigo della. 67 folios.
Detailed and interesting description of Merida; lists various towns. In British
Museum.

‘“‘Vicita a su Obispado por el Illustrisimo Senor Fr. Don Ygnacio Padilla.”
1757. Folios, 36. A report by Bishop Ignacio Padilla of his inspection of the
Bishopric of Yucatan. Notes on the towns, distances between them, population,
ete. In British Museum.

Archivo General de Indias. Guatemala 11, Doc. 38 (2). Evidently a report
or letter, signed by Dr. Alonso Criado de Castilla, dated May 15, 1600. Folios
4 to 6y. A description of the manners and customs of the Indians of Vera Paz.

Account book of the town of San Juan Amatitlan, Guatemala, 1559-1562.
About 72 folios. In Archivo General de Indias. Written partly in Pokonchi, a
Maya language, and Pipil, which is a Nahuatl dialect, and apparently by native
scribes. A document interesting for its presentation of some of the earliest of
this linguistic material.

A letter from the Adelantado Pascual Aadagoya to King Charles of Spain,
dated Gali, Sept. 15, 1540; 21 pages. Treats of his voyage from Panama to
west coast of South America to take charge; explorations in the present Ecuador,
founding of towns, pacification and conversion of natives, uprisings, etc., quarrels
with Pizarro. Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional 19267.

“Plano sobre a civilizacio dos Indios do Brasil, E principalmente Para a
Capitania da Bahia .. .”’ written by Domingos Alvez Munis Barrieto, Lieut.
Col. of Cavalry at Bahia. In Ajuda (51-IV-41). 122 folios. On the Indians
of Brazil, and an indictment of their treatment by the Jesuits.

2 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1934

Codex Berberini Latino 241. Vatican. ‘‘Libellus de Indorum medicinalibus
herbia.’”? 1552. By one “Joannes Badianus, natione Indus, patria Xuchimilcanus,
ejesdem collegii (i. e., Sanotae Crucis, Tlatilulci) praelector.”” A list of Mexican
medicinal plants, each illustrated in aquarelle, with native names and description
and exposition on use in Latin. The ‘‘Joannes Badianus” was an Indian, of
Xuchimilco, trained by the Franciscans. 63 folios, 6 by 8%. Characterized as .
being probably the earliest American botanical and medicinal plant ms.

WALTER RATHBONE BACON TRAVELING SCHOLARSHIP

The Walter Rathbone Bacon scholarship, ‘‘for the study of the
fauna of countries other than the United States”, was held during
1932 and 1933 by Dr. Alan Mozley, who conducted a study of the
mollusk fauna of Siberia. The scholarship was later extended to
cover 1934, and Dr. Mozley continued his investigations during the
past year, in the course of which he made a 3 months’ journey through
the forest steppe to the south of Omsk. During the winter he worked
on his collections in Edinburgh.

In the early summer of 1934 Dr. Mozley turned in a manuscript
describing the new mollusks discovered in the course of his work,
and this paper will appear in the Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collec-
tions early in the next fiscal year. A full report on the fauna as a
whole will be made later, when Dr. Mozley has completed his studies.

THIRD ARTHUR LECTURE

In 1931 a bequest was received from James Arthur for the promo-
tion of a series of lectures at the Institution dealing with various
aspects of the relation of the sun to the planets, the stars, the weather,
and human life. The third Arthur Lecture was given by Dr. Charles
G. Abbot, Secretary of the Institution, in the auditorium of the
National Museum on February 26, 1934, the subject being ‘‘How
the Sun Warms the Earth.”’ The speaker dealt with the sun as the
earth’s source of heat, power, plant growth, and weather, and as a
type of the radiative features of the stars. The lecture will be pub-
lished in the General Appendix to the 1933 Smithsonian Report, now
in press.

BEQUESTS

Rollins bequest —In the will of the late William Herbert Rollins, of
Boston, the Institution was named a beneficiary, and during the year
the sum of $58,580 was received under this bequest to establish a
fund to be known as ‘‘The Miriam and William Rollins Fund for
Exploration Beyond the Boundary of Knowledge.’ The conditions
of the trust are as follows:

. .. the interest of the whole Miriam and William Rollins Fund is to be used
for five years to confirm my experiments on the drag of the light medium in the
magnetic field. After 5 years one half of the interest of the whole fund is to be
added each year to the Principal.

REPORT OF THH SHCRETARY 13

Forever the other half to be used for experiments. The object of this plan -is
to provide a constantly increasing amount of money each year for experiments,
for these will each year become more difficult and recondite.

I direct no part of the money shall ever be used except for pushing forward
the bounds of physics and chemistry.

I cannot foresee what will be the nature of the experiments, beyond those
stated, but their cost will constantly increase as time goes on and will require
the time of great and devoted experimenters. I desire that no part of the money
shall ever be used for any other purpose than for the most difficult problems in
physics and chemistry, as these are what have most interested me, and to aid in
their solution.

Plans are now being worked out to promote researches that will
carry out the wishes of the donor.

Reid bequest —The will of Addison T. Reid, who died in 1902, pro-
vided for the payment of the income upon the property to certain
persons, and upon their death for the payment of the principal of
the estate to the Smithsonian Institution to found a chair in biology
in memory of the testator’s grandfather, Asher Tunis. During the
past year, the last of the beneficiaries, Harriet Reid, died, and the
Institution was notified that the sum of $5,010 would be added to
other funds already on hand under the Addison T. Reid bequest.
At the close of the year the funds had not actually been received at
the Institution. .

EXPLORATIONS AND FIELD WORK

In spite of its greatly decreased resources, both governmental and
private, the Institution sent out or took part in 13 field expeditions
in the furtherance of its research program. The new solar observing
station on Mount St. Katherine, Sinai Peninsula, Egypt, was occu-
pied and regular observations begun. Drs. Remington Kellogg
and C. Lewis Gazin searched the shore of Chesapeake Bay for the
fossil bones of extinct marine mammals. Dr. Waldo L. Schmitt
served as a member of the scientific staff of the 1933 Hancock expe-
dition to the Galapagos Islands. Capt. R. A. Bartlett continued his
scientific studies of the animal and plant life of the Arctic on behalf of
the Institution on the 1933 Norcross-Bartlett Arctic Expedition.
Dr. Hugh M. Smith took every opportunity, as in former years, to
collect Siamese natural history material for the Institution. Dr.
Walter Hough investigated the remains of ancient Indian irrigation
canals in Arizona. Frank M. Setzler excavated Indian cave deposits
in southwestern Texas, and later conducted archeological studies of a
group of mounds near Marksville, La. Dr. F. H. H. Roberts, Jr.,
excavated the remains of a small Indian village near Allantown,
Ariz., which had been built, occupied, and abandoned during the
ninth century. Dr. W. D. Strong represented the Institution on an
archeological expedition to a little-known region of Honduras. John

91910—34——3,

14 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1934

P. Harrington studied the early history of the California Indians,
rescuing valuable information from old Indian informants. Miss
Frances Densmore continued her studies of Indian music, this year
among the Indians of the Gulf States.

All the expeditions are briefly described and illustrated in the -
pamphlet entitled ‘Explorations and Field Work of the Smithsonian
Institution in 1933”’, Smithsonian publication no. 3235.

PUBLICATIONS

The series of publications issued by the governmental scientific
bureaus of the Institution—the National Museum and the Bureau
of American Ethnology—bore the brunt of the reduction in appropri-
ations suffered by the Institution as a result of the economy drive.
The printing funds for the year were so reduced that the bulletins
and proceedings of the Museum and the bulletins of the Bureau had
to be suspended entirely. These series present to the world the results
of fundamental researches in many branches in science, and their
suspension is a serious blow to the Institution’s program of diffusion
of knowledge.

A total of 71 volumes and pamphlets were published during the
year, most of these having been paid for from the private funds of the
Institution; 57 were issued by the Institution proper, 12 by the
the National Museum, and 2 by the Bureau of American Ethnology.
The number of publications distributed was 136,091.

LIBRARY

The accessions to the Smithsonian library during the year numbered
6,278 volumes and 8,191 pamphlets and charts, bringing the total
number of items in the library to 833,746. Most of the additions were
exchanges for Smithsonian publications, but there were also the usual
large number of gifts from organizations and individuals. With the
assistance of 34 C. W. A. workers assigned to the library, a number of
special projects were carried to various stages of completion; these
included classifying and indexing a large collection of aeronautical
material, cataloging several special collections of scientific pamphlets,
and continuing the preparation of a union catalog of the material
in the various libraries of the Institution.

Respectfully submitted.

C. G. Aspor, Secretary.

APPENDIX I
REPORT ON THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Str: I have the honor to submit the following report on the con-
dition and operation of the United States National Museum for the
fiscal year ended June 30, 1934.

Appropriations for the maintenance of the National Museum for
the year totaled $654,871, which was $46,585 less than for the previous
year. About 40 percent of this decrease was in the printing and bind-
ing allotment, which resulted virtually in the abandonment of the
publication program for the year.

COLLECTIONS

Expeditions and purchases were greatly curtailed by the reduction
of appropriations, but additions of valuable material to the Museum
collections continued in all departments, mainly by gift from outside
individuals and organizations. New material came in 1,842 sepa-
rate accessions, with a total of 340,780 specimens divided as follows:
Anthropology, 9,599; biology, 289,347; geology, 30,747; arts and in-
dustries, 5,832; history, 5,255. Gifts of specimens to schools and other
educational institutions numbered 7,197 specimens. Exchanges of
duplicate material. with other organizations and with individuals
totaled 16,356 specimens, and 30,065 specimens were lent to workers
outside of Washington. — )

Following is a summary of the more important accessions received
during the year in the various departments:

Anthropology—The C. C. Roberts ethnological collection from
Africa was augmented by splendid examples of wood carving from the
Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Gold Coast, and Cameroons; wooden drums
and other musical instruments from Nigeria; and many other objects
representing the handiwork of the tribes of these countries. [mpor-
tant collections transferred from the Bureau of American Ethnology
include Sumu and Misketo ethnologica from the Honduran and
Nicaraguan coasts gathered by Dr. W. D. Strong while a member of
the Haskell-Smithsonian expedition. A collection of stone imple-
ments used in the daily life of Australian and Papuan tribes was given
by Joel H. DuBose.

A remarkable gift from Kokichi Mikimoto, prominent in the culture
pearl industry of Japan, is a miniature replica of Mount Vernon
executed entirely in worked pieces of mother-of-pearl and studded

15

16 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1934

and embellished with thousands of graduated pearls. This model
was displayed during the 1933 season at the Century of Progress
Exposition in Chicago.

' From Alaska came 3,950 artifacts collected by James A. Ford and
M. B. Chambers; from Palestine 1,081 flint objects from Paleolithic
cave deposits near Haifa, collected by the American School of Pre-
historic Research and the British School of Archeology in Jerusalem;
from Louisiana 1,771 specimens of stone and pottery collected by
Frank M. Setzler for the Bureau of American Ethnology near Marks-
ville; from eastern Arizona 647 artifacts from Basket Maker III and
Pueblo J, I, and III sites collected by Dr. F. H. H. Roberts, Jr., for
the Bureau of American Ethnology; from Cumberland Island, Ga.,
part of an aboriginal dugout canoe bequeathed by the estate of
Lucy Coleman Carnegie.

Skeletal material received included 65 lots of bones from Indian
burials at Port Tobacco, Md., from Judge William J. Graham; 49
skulls from St. Lawrence Island, Alaska, collected and presented by
the Alaska Agricultural College and School of Mines; 37 skulls and
skeletons from the Sacramento Valley, Calif., given by Robert
F. Heizer; and 16 skulls from the same area, donated by Dr. Alés
Hrdli¢ka.

Biolugy—The biological material accessioned came from a wide
variety of localities. From the Province of Szechwan, China, Dr.
D. C. Graham sent 229 mammals, 95 bird skins, and 31 skeletons,
including a series of the rare bird Cholornis, new to the Museum, a
large number of insects, 229 mollusks, and many other forms. Dr.
Hugh M. Smith’s sendings from Siam included 44 mammals, 444 bird
skins, 2,387 insects, and 409 mollusks. W. N. Beach donated nearly
2,000 eggs of South African birds, adding 200 forms not previously

represented in the Museum. From India came specimens of birds

from Dr. W. L. Abbott and the Roerich Museum.

Dr. C. E. Burt made a large collection of reptiles and amphibians
in the southeastern States for the Museum. Among important fishes
received were 31 from Baffin Land and other northern waters col-
lected by the Norcross-Bartlett expedition under Capt. Robert A.
Bartlett.

The most important entomological addition during the year was a
collection of about 69,000 insects (including 51,000 named beetles)
made by the late H. F. Wickham and presented by Mrs. Wickham.
Over 61,000 insects were received from J. C. Bridwell, collected by
him during his travels in Africa, Australia, North America, and
the Hawaiian Islands. Frank Johnson made a generous donation of
2,000 Lepidoptera.

Additions to the marine invertebrate collection included a valuable
lot of earthworms from Dr. Frank Smith, representing his lifetime

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 17

gathering of species from many parts of the world; a collection of
Crustacea brought together by the late Charles C. Nutting and pre-
sented by the State University of Iowa; an excellent series of Crus-
tacea from the 1934 Hancock Galapagos expedition; a large number of
specimens from Baffin Land from Captain Bartlett, who also sent 420
mollusks. Other mollusks received included over 1,500, chiefly North
American, from Mrs. H. F. Wickham, 1,680 from the Hawaiian Islands
from J. C. Bridwell, 500 from west Florida from G. 8. Barnes, and
about 2,100 from Panama from Dr. James Zetek. From the Zoo-
logical Museum at Copenhagen came 221 crinoids, being part of a
collection made by Dr. Th. Mortensen in the East Indies and western
Pacific. Other important echinoderms came from the Bay of Bengal,
Arabian Sea, China Sea, and Sea of Okhotsk.

In the National Herbarium additions totaled nearly 39,000 plant
specimens, particularly from Guatemala, Peru, Mexico, Argentina,
the Hawaiian Islands, Brazil, Yucatan, China, Labrador, Poland,
Colombia, French Indo-China, and various parts of the United States.

Geology—Through the income of the Roebling fund there were
added 955 minerals, 16 gems, and 28 meteorites (13 new to the
Museum). Of these, the most important accession was the Tellef
Dahll collection, largely of minerals from the pegmatites of southern
Norway gathered before 1872. The outstanding specimen of this
lot is a 1%-pound prismatic crystal of thorite. The Canfield collec-
tion was enhanced by a series of diamond crystals from the Belgian
Congo, and valuable specimens of ruby spinel, sapphire, tourmaline,
and garnet from Ceylon, Brazil, and Madagascar were added to the
Isaac Lea collection through the Chamberlain fund. The American
Gem & Pearl Co. donated an unusually large and brilliant garnet and
a small brown beryl from North Carolina. President Roosevelt
deposited in the Museum 38 specimens of marbles cut into various
ornamental forms.

The petrological series received its most important accession in
years—the collection of rocks assembled by the late Dr. Henry S.
Washington, one of the world’s leading petrologists, consisting of
about 2,500 specimens, which have formed the basis of many of the
donor’s published researches.

The paleontological collections were greatly enhanced by the addi-
tion of excellent fossil echinoids and starfishes from Iowa; brachiopods
from New Zealand, Spain, Russia, India, and United States; 3,200
fossil insects from the H. F. Wickham collection; 10,000 Paleozoic
and Cretaceous invertebrate fossils collected and presented by Dr.
G. A. Cooper, H. D. Miser, and R. D. Mesler; a large number of
Tertiary mollusks from Mexico; and miscellaneous mammal and bird
remains from various localities.

18 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1934

Arts and industries.—The most important aeronautic accession was
the Wright Brothers’ airplane, type E—X, reconstructed with available
parts, in which Calbraith P. Rodgers completed the first flight across
the United States, in 1911, and presented by the Carnegie Museum
of Pittsburgh.

An accession that will undoubtedly prove to be a popular exhibi-
tion specimen is the excellent model of the Appian Way prepared and
transferred to the Museum by the Bureau of Public Roads, United
States Department of Agriculture. It illustrates the methods and
materials used in the construction of this famous Roman highway,
im 312 B.C.

The models of the sloop yacht Ariel and its power dinghy, together
with seven marine paintings, constituted a noteworthy gift from
John W. Loveland. A Gorin tabulating typewriter of 1886 was
presented by the inventor, Frederick P. Gorin.

Seventy-nine specimens of new textiles of American manufacture
were added to the collections; 289 specimens of wood from Queens-
land, Sumatra, and Africa were received in exchange from the New
York State College of Forestry, and 374 wood samples from the
United States Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce.

History.—Over 5,000 articles of antiquarian or historical interest
were added during the year, of which may be mentioned the gift of
Mrs. Herbert Hoover for the costumes collection of a green satin
dress, a pair of white kid gloves, a pair of satin slippers, a silver
lorgnette, and a necklace worn by her at the White House during the
Presidential administration of her husband.

The numismatic section received 16 nickel coins from the Inter-
national Nickel Co., and the American Numismatic Association added
78 specimens to its already large loan collection of recent coins of the
world. In addition, 266 specimens of local scrip or emergency paper
currency were added. This collection. includes examples of such
currency issued from 1931 to 1933 by banks, business firms, munici-
palities, chambers of commerce, and other organizations in 27 States.

EXPLORATIONS AND FIELD WORK

Work in the field was much curtailed through reduction of appro-
priations. That carried on was mainly financed by grants from the
income of invested Smithsonian funds, through such sources as the
C. W. A. and P. W. A., by cooperators, or by the investigators them-
selves.

During the last few weeks of the year, at the request of the United
States Bureau of Indian Affairs, Herbert W. Krieger, curator of
ethnology, undertook field work, under P. W. A. funds, in the Colum-
bia River Valley in Oregon and Washington, the aim being to salvage

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 19

archeological material and information in the area to be flooded by
the dam under construction at Bonneville, Oreg.

Frank M. Setzler, assistant curator of archeology, during the latter
half of August, directed the excavation and restoration of several
Indian mounds, a neighboring village site, and surrounding earth-
works near Marksville, Avoyelles Parish, La., in a cooperative project
with the city of Marksville. The scientific importance of the obser-
vations made lies in the fact that the material remains, local burial
customs, and other factors have made it possible to identify the culture
of this site definitely as a southeastern variant of the spectacular
Hopewell archeological culture previously known in southern Ohio,
with related phases appearing in Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Michigan,
and Indiana.

Through information from Hon. T. A. Jenkins, Mr. Setzler was
sent in mid-April to Proctorville, Ohio, to investigate the occurrence
of aboriginal remains in trenches being dug for local water and sewer
lines. After observation and study of the skeletons, potsherds, shells,
and bone and stone artifacts recovered, Mr. Setzler concluded that
part of the town was built on the site of a village once inhabited by
Indians considered in Ohio as belonging to proto-historic Fort Ancient
Culture, and generally regarded as ancestors of the Ohio Sioux.

Dr. AleS Hrdliéka, curator of physical anthropology, in May went
to Kodiak Island, Alaska, to resume archeological excavations at
Larsens Bay, where work was carried on 2 years ago.

At the end of May Dr. C. Lewis Gazin, assistant curator of verte-
brate paleontology, assisted by George Sternberg, began work in the
Pliocene and Pleistocene formations of southern Idaho, particularly in
the Plesippus quarry near Hagerman. In August 1933 Dr. Gazin
and Dr. Remington Kellogg spent over a week at Governors Run, Md.,
searching Miocene deposits for remains of fossil cetaceans.

Dr. G. A. Cooper, assistant curator of stratigraphic paleontology,
visited Tennessee and Arkansas, where in Paleozoic localities he
collected much interesting material. A short trip by Dr. C. E. Resser,
curator, resulted in obtaining, among other fossils, a rare starfish
from the Ordovician rocks of Pennsylvania.

James Benn, aid in geology, assisted by other members of the
geological staff, collected an excellent slab from the Calvert Cliffs
of Chesapeake Bay for the exhibition series. He also obtained in the
vicinity of Washington a group of Lower Cretaceous lignite logs.

Dr. W. F. Foshag, curator of mineralogy, traveling under the
Roebling fund, examined the pegmatite pocket at Topsham, Maine.
E. P. Henderson, assistant curator of physical and chemical geology,
under the Canfield fund, in company with Frank L. Hess, of the
United States Bureau of Mines, in June studied the pegmatites of

20 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1934

the spruce-pine district of North Carolina and obtained good exhibi-
tion and study material.

Dr. W. L. Schmitt, curator of marine invertebrates, was again
invited by Capt. G. Allan Hancock to accompany an expedition to the
Galapagos Islands and the coasts of northwestern South America
and Central America on the yacht Velero III. The party left Los
Angeles on December 30, 1933, and the cruise terminated on March 15,
1934. The new localities visited and the superior dredging equipment
provided by Captain Hancock resulted in an unusually valuable
collection, adding particularly to knowledge of the carcinological
fauna of the regions covered.

Dr. D. C. Graham, of Szechwan, China, resumed explorations in
the mountains of western China, making many valuable collections,
chiefly of mammals and insects, at altitudes as high as 15,300 feet;
and Dr. Hugh M. Smith, of Bangkok, Siam, continued to gather
large and valuable collections of animals from various parts of that
country, which have added materially to the Museum’s representation
of the Siamese fauna.

Capt. Robert A. Bartlett, during the course of the Norcross-
Bartlett expedition, made extensive gatherings for the Museum of
marine vertebrates from Baffin Land northward to Fury and Hecla
Straits.

Dr. Alan Mozley, awarded the Walter Rathbone Bacon traveling
scholarship under the Smithsonian Institution for the study of land
and fresh-water molluscan fauna of Siberia, made a 3-months
expedition through the forest steppe south of Omsk. As during the
previous year he spent the winter in Edinburgh working on his
collections.

Dr. G. S. Myers and E. D. Reid, of the division of fishes, continued
field work in Virginia collecting fishes with a view to preparing a report
on the fishes of that State. Dr. Paul Bartsch, curator of mollusks,
as in previous years made a short trip to the Tortugas to inspect the
Cerion colonies planted there.

Except for a few days given by E. C. Leonard to collecting plants in
the mountains of Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and West
Virginia, the only botanical field work during the year was that of
Jason R. Swallen, assistant botanist in the section of grasses, under
the Department of Agriculture, who visited Brazil to search for grasses.
This work was still in progress at the close of the year and was already
yielding excellent results, both im extending the ranges of many
species and in the discovery of new ones.

During the summer of 1933, Prof. C. E. Burt, of Southwestern
College, Winfield, Kans., was engaged in field work for the Museum
with a view to collecting a series of turtles in the southern Appalachian
system to settle certain taxonomic and zoogeographical problems.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 21

The results were eminently successful, and many turtles, other rep-
tiles, and amphibians were obtained for the collection.

MISCELLANEOUS

Visitors —Visitors to the various Museum buildings totaled
1,463,375 during the year, an increase of 36,017 over the previous
year. Attendance in the several buildings was recorded as follows:
Smithsonian Building, 232,183; Arts and Industries Building, 622,090;
Natural History Building, 507,948; Aircraft Building, 101,154.

Publications.—As no funds were available for publications other
than the annual report, the published output of the Museum was
confined to material sent to the printer before July 1, 1933, but ap-
pearing after that date. This consisted of 2 Bulletins, 8 Proceedings
separates, and 1 separate from the Contributions from the United
States National Herbarium. Volumes and separates distributed
during the year to libraries and individuals throughout the world
aggregated 35,127 copies.

Under the supervision of the editor of the Museum, work was
begun and well advanced on the preparation of a comprehensive
index to all the publications thus far issued by the Museum, from
1875 to date.

Special exhibitions.—The year was notable for the number of special
exhibitions held, the foyer of the Natural History Building being.
almost continuously occupied by a series of 15 exhibitions sponsored
by various educational agencies, such as the American Forestry
Association, Save the Redwoods League, the American Association
of Museums, the Public Schools of the District of Columbia, the
Model Aircraft League, as well as several Government departments.
In addition to these, 8 special exhibits of artists’ work and 10 of
photographic work were conducted by the division of graphic arts.

Organization and personnel changes.—The establishment of a central
disbursing office in the Treasury Department and the consequent
abolishment of the disbursing office of the Smithsonian at the end
of January necessitated a reorganization of the accounting and dis-
bursing work of the Museum. Nicholas W. Dorsey, disbursing agent,
on February 1 was given the title of accountant and auditor, and
Thomas F. Clark, his deputy, was made assistant accountant and
auditor.

The purchasing of heat hereafter from the Government’s central
heating plant, instead of producing it at the Museum’s own plant,
resulted in the abolishment of six permanent and several seasonal
positions in the power plant.

On July 1, 1933, Leonard C. Gunnell, formerly in charge of the
Regional Bureau of the International Catalogue of Scientific Litera-

91910—34——-4

22 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1934

ture (which was discontinued), was appointed assistant librarian in
the Museum for special bibliographic research.

William Blanchard Marshall, assistant curator of mollusks, was
retired, at his own request, on April 30, 1934, after 32 years’ service,
Harald A. Rehder being promoted to succeed him. Mr. Marshall’s —
long association with the Museum was continued on May 1 by his
appointment as honorary associate in zoology. Likewise, Dr. Theo-
dore Sherman Palmer, retired biologist of the Bureau of Biological
Survey, was appointed honorary associate in zoology on August 1,
1933.

Other employees who left the service through operation of the
Civil Service Retirement Act were: Mrs. Nida M. Browne, preparator
(15 years’ service); John F. Brazerol, Isador S. Dyer, and Joseph G.
Adzema, senior mechanics (27, 22, and 9 years, respectively); Samuel
McDowell, blacksmith (17 years); August F. Broacker, Alexander
M. Cole, James W. Cornell, and Charles A. Sparks, guards (23, 15,
15, and 4 years, respectively—Mr. Sparks with a total of 35 years,
the last 4 with the Museum); Mrs. Ella Coleman, Mrs. Roxie A.
Burrell, Mrs. Fannie J. Smith, and Mrs. Margaret Hall, charwomen
(24, 23, 21, and 5 years, respectively); Scott Ambler and John F.
Pinkney, laborers (24 and 16 years, respectively).

Necrology.—The Museum lost through death 2 honorary and 6
active workers during the year, as follows: Edward Johnson Brown,
honorary collaborator, division of birds, on February 14, for many
years affihated with the scientific work of the department of biology;
Edward William Nelson, honorary associate in zoology, on May 19,
for many years associated with the Government’s scientific explora-
tions and research; John Merton Aldrich, associate curator of insects,
on May 27 (21 years in Government service, the last 15 with the
Museum); Ruth Sherwood, stenographer and typist in the department
of arts and industries, on September 13 (15 years in Government
service, 13 with the Museum); George L. Weber, guard, on February
22 (16 years’ service); Mrs. Mary M. Lorance, charwoman, on Janu-
ary 28 (5 years); Mrs. Cassie Whiting, charwoman, on February 15
(10 years); and James P. Bourke, Sr., elevator conductor, on October
21 (15 years).

Respectfully submitted.

ALEXANDER WETMORE,
Assistant Secretary.
Dr. Cuarues G. ABBOT,
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.

APPENDIX 2
REPORT ON THE NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the activi-
ties of the National Gallery of Art for the fiscal year ending June 30,
1934.

Owing to the fact that the Gellatly collection occupies such a
large part of the Gallery, it was necessary to restrict the special
exhibitions. One of miniatures was held in the Gallery proper, and
two, which required wall space, were shown in the foyer through the
courtesy of the National Museum.

APPROPRIATIONS

For the administration of the National Gallery of Art by the
Smithsonian Institution, including compensation of necessary em-
ployees, purchase of books of reference and periodicals, traveling
expenses, uniforms for guards, and necessary incidental expenses,
$29,500.

THE NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART COMMISSION

The thirteenth annual meeting of the National Gallery of Art
Commission was held at the Smithsonian Institution on December 12,
1933. The members present were Dr. Charles G. Abbot, Secretary
of the Smithsonian Institution, who is an ex-officio member and also
the secretary of the Commission; Herbert Adams; Charles L. Borie,
Jr.; Joseph H. Gest, chairman; Frederick P. Keppel, John EK. Lodge,
Frank Jewett Mather, Jr., and Edward W. Redfield. Ruel P.
Tolman, curator of the division of graphic arts, and acting director
of the National Gallery of Art, was also present.

Secretary Abbot was requested to communicate an expression of
the Commission’s sympathy to the families of Dr. William H. Holmes
and Charles A. Platt, who died April 20 and September 13, 1933,
respectively.

The Commission recommended the name of Mahonri Young to
the Board of Regents to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Dr.
William H. Holmes.

It also recommended to the Board of Regents the reelection for
the succeeding term of 4 years of the following members: George B.
McClellan, Frederick P. Keppel, and Charles L. Borie, Jr. The

23

24 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1934

following officers were reelected for the ensuring year: Joseph H.
Gest, chairman; Frank Jewett Mather, Jr., vice chairman; and Dr.
Charles G. Abbot, secretary. The following were reelected members
of the executive committee for the ensuing year: Charles Moore,
Herbert Adams, and George B. McClellan. Joseph H. Gest, as
chairman of the Commission, and Dr. Charles G. Abbot, as secre-
tary of the Commission, are ex-officio members.

ART WORKS RECEIVED: DURING ‘THE YHAR

Accessions of art works by the Smithsonian Institution are as
follows:

Portrait of Julia Ward Howe (known as ‘‘The Battle Hymn
Portrait”’), by John Elliott (1858-1925). Presented by Mrs. Maud
Howe Elliott “for the collection of prominent Americans.”’

Portrait of Mrs. Albert J. Myer, by George P. A. Healy, acquired
through bill of sale from Miss Gertrude Walden Myer, to be delivered
at her death (which occurred June 4, 1934).

Plaster cast of heroic statue of Henry Clay, by Kdmond T.
Quinn. Gift of the National Commission of Fine Arts, Washington,
D. C. This statue formed part of the George Washington Bicen-
tennial Exhibition at the National Museum in 1932.

Plaster model of figure from group entitled ‘‘Patriotism”, by
Adolph Alexander Weinman. Gift of the sculptor, through the
National Commission of Fine Arts, Washington, D. C.

THE CATHERINE WALDEN MYER FUND

A bequest of the late Catherine Walden Myer of Washington,
D. C., who died February 8, 1922, established under the Smithsonian
Institution, a fund for the purchase of first-class works of art for the
use and benefit of the National Gallery of Art. The following
miniatures have been acquired through this fund:

Two. Early American miniatures: Mrs. Alexander Rose, by John
Ramage, 1802; Mrs. Rose’s brother-in-law, by Archibald Robertson
(1765-1835); purchased from Dr. Arthur R. Guerard, Cranford, N. J.

Early American miniature of an ‘‘Unknown Man”, by Edward
Greene Malbone (1777-1807), painted about 1798; purchased from
Mrs. Emily Nevill Jackson, London, England.

LOANS ACCEPTED BY THE GALLERY

Self portrait, by George Catlin (1796-1872), painted when the
artist was a young man; lent by Miss Mary Cogswell Kinney, New
York City.

Two miniatures of John Parke Custis and Martha “Patty” Custis,
children of Martha Washington, painted at Mount Vernon in 1772
by Charles Willson Peale (1741-1827); lent anonymously.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 25

An Early American miniature of Thomas Waties, by Charles
Fraser (1782-1860); lent by Miss Marie R. Waties, Washington, D. C.

Four miniatures: Virginia Casterton, 1918; Jane Casterton, 1923;
Miss Goss, 1910; and Mme. Tamaki Miura, 1918; lent by the artist,
Mrs. Eda Nemoede Casterton, Chicago, IIl.

A reproduction in silver, made in England about 1850, of a silvers
gilt wine pitcher attributed to Benvenuto Cellini; lent by Capt.
Frank O. Ferris, Ballston, Va.

Seven pieces of silver as follows: Hot-water kettle and stand,
old English (Britannia Standard), made in London by Paul Lamerie
in 1728; teapot, old Irish, made in Dublin by Mathew Walker in 1717;
four vegetable dishes and covers, made in London by Wakelin and
Taylor in 1791; and punch strainer made in Boston, Mass., by
Samuel Minott (1732-1803); lent by Mrs. George Morris, Washing
ton, D..€.

GALLERY LOANS RETURNED

The painting entitled ‘Indian Burial”, by George de Forest Brush,
withdrawn by Mr. Brush for special exhibition of his works at the
Academy of Arts and Letters, New York City, was returned as a loan
to the Gallerv May 4, 1934.

Five paintings, the property of the National Gallery, which were
on display in the office of the editor of Art and Archaelogy, of which
magazine the late director of the National Gallery, Dr. W. H. Holmes,
was art editor, were recalled on July 21, 1933. The paintings are:
Sheep, by Paul Dessar; Marine, by Edward Moran; The Villa Malta,
by Sanford Robinson Gifford; Waterfall, by Addison T. Millar;
Twilight After Rain, by Norwood Hodge MacGilvary.

The painting by Francesco Guardi (1712-1783) entitled ‘Ruins
and Figures’’, part of the Ralph Cross Johnson collection, lent to the
Art Institute of Chicago for its art exhibit in connection with the
Century of Progress Exhibition in Chicago, 1933, was returned
November 16, 1933.

The National Gallery’s part of the Institution’s exhibition at the
Century of Progress, Chicago, 1933, consisting of two water colors:
“The Maryland Fields”, by William H. Holmes (1846-1933), and
“The Canyon of the Belle Fourche, Wyoming, 1892”, by Thomas
Moran (1837-1926); one oil “A Quiet Nook’’, by William Hart
(1823-1894); and two plaques of Solon-ware from the Alfred Duane
Pell Collection. Returned December 4, 1933.

LOANS BY THE GALLERY

Four pastels by Walter Beck, ‘‘The Mosby Triptych” and ‘Christ
Before Pilate”, were loaned to the Dayton Art Institute, Dayton,

26 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1934

Ohio, for an exhibition of the works of Mr. Beck during the months of
November and December 1933. Returned to the Gallery January 4,
1934.

The statue ‘‘The Greek Slave’”’, by Hiram Powers, was loaned
February 14, 1934, to the Cincinnati Art Museum, Cincinnati, Ohio,
for a special exhibition of the works of Hiram Powers. Returned
April 12, 1934.

The portrait of Mrs. Price, by Wiliam Hogarth, was loaned to the
Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., for ‘‘A Century of Progress
Loan Exhibition of Fine Arts”, June 1 to October 31, 1934.

WITHDRAWALS BY OWNERS

The portrait of George A. Otis, by Gilbert Stuart (1755-1828),
was shipped August 11, 1933, to Roger Ernst, Brookline, Mass., at
request of the owner, Mrs. O. H. Ernst.

Two bronzes, ‘“A Teacher” and ‘‘An American Student”, by
Moses Wainer Dykaar (1884-1933), the property of Samuel Rappa-
port, Los Angeles, Calif., were returned to Mr. Rappaport through
Leon Brill, Jr., Washington, D. C., on January 22, 1934.

An oil painting entitled ‘‘Mother and Child with St. John”, by
Andrea del Sarto, was withdrawn July 7, 1933, by Mrs. E. E. Powell,
formerly Mrs. W. W. Powell, Washington, D. C., and Oxford, Ohio.

The portrait of the Honorable Richard Rush, copy by an unknown
artist from a portrait by T. W. Wood in the possession of the Smith-
sonian Institution, lent by Mrs. John Biddle Porter (Elizabeth
Rush), was withdrawn February 28, 1934, by Mrs. Frederick C.
Fearing (Elizabeth Porter Fearing), Bronxville N. Y., who inherited
it from her mother.

SPECIAL EXHIBITIONS

An exhibition of works by Negro artists, sponsored by the Associa-
tion for the Study of Negro Life and History, Inc., including paintings,
drawings, water colors, block prints, wood carvings, etc., was shown
in the foyer of the Natural History Building from October 31 to
November 6, 1933.

An exhibition of 111 miniatures, the work of Charles Fraser (1782—
1860), American miniaturist, was held in the Gallery from March 7
to 27, 1934. Of these, 109 were received direct from an exhibition at
Charleston, S. C., the home of the artist, and 2 from Mrs. Benjamin
Huger Read, of Baltimore.

An exhibition of 32 water colors of the American Navy, by Lt.
Arthur E. Beaumont, U.S. N. R., was held in the foyer of the National
Museum from May 16 to 29, 1934.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY Di

THE NATIONAL GALLERY REFERENCE LIBRARY

The work of reorganization in the library has been continued with
the services of one full-time assistant; from the first week in December
until the middle of February additional assistance was given by a
part-time C. W. A. worker. Cataloging and classifying has been con-
tinued, and considerable time has been given to book selection and
ordering, to transferring publications, to checking missing parts in
serial publications, to reference work, and to the making of bibli-
ographies on subjects pertaining to art.

The collection has been increased by over 700 publications. |

OTHER ACTIVITIES

The Harriet Lane Johnston collection, which has been shown with
other miscellaneous works of art, now occupies a smaller gallery by
itself.

A selection of early and contemporary American miniatures were
on exhibition.

Two cases of Japanese, Chinese, and Korean porcelains from the
Alfred Duane Pell and H. Foster Bain collections were arranged for
display in the Ralph Cross Johnson Room.

The acting director was detailed to Chicago from July 21 to August
19, 1933, to study the art collections at the Century of Progress
Exposition, 1933, and to visit and examine the various art museums
and galleries en route. Galleries were visited at Pittsburgh, Pa.;
Columbus, Dayton, and Cincinnati, Ohio; Indianapolis, and Notre
Dame University, South Bend, Ind.; Chicago, Ill.; Muskegon, Grand
Rapids, Lansing, Ann Arbor, and Detroit, Mich.; Toledo, Cleveland,
and Youngstown, Ohio; Buffalo, Rochester, and Elmira, N. Y.; and
Harrisburg, Pa.

In preparation for an exhibition in the National Gallery of mini-
atures by Charles Fraser, which was being shown at the Gibbes
Memorial Art Gallery, Charleston, S. C., the acting director was
detailed from February 12 to March 3, 1934, to visit Charleston for
the purpose of examining and studying the collection there, and
arranging for the shipment to Washington of such of the miniatures
as were available through courtesy of their owners. Visits were
made to points farther south, examining galleries and museums at
Savannah, Ga.; Sarasota, Orlando, and St. Augustine, Fla.

PUBLICATIONS
Touman, R. P. Report on the National Gallery of Art for the year ending

June 30, 1933. Appendix 1, Report of the Secretary of the Smithsonian
Institution for the year ending June 30, 1933, pp. 13-21.

28 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1934

Lopes, J. E. Report on the Freer Gallery of Art for the year ending June 30,
1933. Appendix 2, Report of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution for
the year ending June 30, 1933, pp. 22-26.

Seymour, Raupu, and Riaes, ARTHUR STANLEY. The Gellatly Collection, by
Ralph Seymour and Arthur Stanley Riggs. Art and Archaeology, vol. 35,
no. 3, pp. 109-125 and 144, 28 illustrations, May—June, 1934. Also reprint.

Catalogue: Exhibition of Works by Negro Artists at National Gallery of Art,
Smithsonian Institution. Sponsored by the Association for the Study of
Negro Life and History, Washington, D. C., October 31 to November 6, 1933;
4 pp., privately printed for the association.

Catalogue of an Exhibition of Paintings by Arthur Beaumont, Lieutenant,
U.S. N. R., ‘‘Our Glorious Navy.” Privately printed, 4 pp., 1 illustration.

Respectfully submitted,
R. P. Totman, Acting Director.
Dr. C. G. ABBor,
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.

‘ower

EE

APPENDIX 3
REPORT ON THE FREER GALLERY OF ART

Sir: I have the honor to submit the fourteenth annual report on
the Freer Gallery of Art for the year ending June 30, 1934:

THE COLLECTIONS

Additions to the collections by purchase are as follows:
BOOKBINDING

34.17. Persian, sixteenth century. Qur‘dn binding: dark brown leather (out-
side) and light brown leather (inside). Decoration in gold tooling,
gold cut-work, and gold painting. One panel, 0.375 by 0.246. _(Illus-
trated.)

BRONZE

34.3-34.14. Chinese, early Chou dynasty (1122-255 B. C.). A group of 12
blades for shafted weapons, excavated at An-yang, Honan Prov-
ince. Of various forms and sizes, decorated and plain. One
inlaid with mother-of-pearl.

34.21. Chinese, T‘ang dynasty, seventh to tenth century. A gilt bronze box

(0.245 by 0.095 by 0.051), with the cover wrought in an open-work
floral design.

CERAMICS

34.2. Chinese, Ch‘ing dynasty, early eighteenth century. Reign of Yung
a-b. Chéng, Ku Yueh Hstian type. Porcelain bowl (0.053 by 0.102), thin,
translucent, white. Decoration: plum-blossoms in reserve in a ground

of raspberry red enamel. Mark under foot. Ivory stand.
34.18. Persian, thirteenth century, Rhages (Raiy) type. Pottery inkstand
(0.077 by 0.109), with four pen sockets. White matte glaze; decor-
ated with seated figures and bands of inscription in over-glaze enamels.

GLASS

33.13. Syrian (Arabic), fourteenth century. Large bowl (0.210 by 0.350) of
clear blown glass, of grayish amber tint. Decoration includes a frieze
of animals on the shoulder, a fabulous bird (simurgh) on the bottom
inside, and an inscription inside—in polychrome enamels and gold;
series of borders in gold line work. (Illustrated.)

34.19. Syrian (Arabic), fourteenth century. Vase (0.362 by 0.234) with two
large and two small handles, of clear blown glass of grayish amber tint.
Decoration in polychrome enamels and gold. (Illustrated.)

91910—34——5 29

30 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1934

34.20. Syrian (Arabic), fourteenth century. Bottle (0.497 by 0.248) of clear
blown glass of grayish amber tint. Decoration including an insecrip-
tion on the shoulder in polychrome enamels and gold. (Illustrated.)

GOLD

33.10-33.11. Chinese, T‘ang dynasty, seventh to tenth century. A pair of °
iron ‘‘sleeve-weights’’ in the form of plaques (0.069 by 0.064),
overlaid with sheet gold repoussé in medium and high relief and
inlaid with jade.

MANUSCRIPT

33.5. Armenian, ninth to tenth century. The Gospel according to St. Mark
and St. Luke (both incomplete). Brown-black vertical uncials on 113
parchment leaves (0.311 by 0.235) plus 1 paper leaf. Iluminated
title page (St. Luke), paragraphs (112) and ornamented initials (112).

PAINTING

33.8. Chinese, Sung dynasty, thirteenth century. By Chao Méng-chien.
Narcissus: ink on a paper scroll (0.3815 by 0.766). Signed.

33.9. Chinese, late Sung dynasty, thirteenth to fourteenth century. By Chéng

Ssti-hsiao. Orchid: ink on a paper scroll (0.254 by 0.945). Signed.

34.1. Chinese, Ming dynasty, fifteenth to sixteenth century. By Shén Chou.
River landscape: ink and tints on a paper scroll (0.265 by 1.311).
Signed.

33.12. East Christian (Byzantine), early twelfth century. Frontispiece to

St. Luke’s Gospel: St. Luke writing, seated before a lectern. In
delicate color on a gold ground (worn) on paper (0.175 by 0.139).
34.15. Indian, seventeenth century, Mughal-Rajput. A woman at prayer: an
album picture in delicate colors and gold on paper (0.135 by 0.065).
34.16. Indian, early seventeenth century, Rajput, Rajasthiini. A wife awaiting
her husband’s return: an illustration from the Amcrusataka; in colors
and slight gold on paper (0.140 by 0.165).

33.6. Persian, sixteenth century, style of Shih Quli. Kneeling figure of an angel
as a cup-bearer: in ink, slight tint and gold on paper; illuminated
double border (0.193 by 0.108). (Illustrated.)

33.7. Persian, sixteenth century, Safavid. Standing figure cf a youth in a blue
coat: in opaque colors and gold on paper, with contemporary border
(0.159 by 0.069). (Illustrated.)

Curatorial work within the collection has been devoted to the
study of Armenian, Chinese, Japanese, Arabic, and Persian texts
associated with recent acquisitions, and to the studies ordinarily
associated with the cataloging and exhibition of objects of Oriental
fine arts, including the recent acquisitions. During the past year
708 objects and 433 photographs of objects were submitted to the
curator by other institutions or by private persons for an opinion as
to their identity, provenance, and historical or esthetic value. Five
inscriptions were submitted for translation. Reports on these things
were sent to owners or senders. Two early Arabic alphabets in
Kufiec script of the ninth and twelfth centuries have been compiled
and reproduced. Gallery Book IV, with descriptive notes of the

PLATE 1

Secretary's Report 1934.—Appendix 3

SOME RECENT ADDITIONS TO THE COLLECTIONS OF THE FREER GALLERY OF ART.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 31

Indian collection on view, is almost completed. Cataloging of the
Chinese books in the library is being revised.
Changes in exhibition have involved a total of 165 objects, distrib-

uted as follows:

American paintings and prints, 118.

Arabic mss. 13.

Arabic painting, 1.

Chinese bronzes, 18.

Chinese porcelain, 1.

East Christian painting, 1.

Japanese screens, 4.

Persian paintings, 7.

Persian pottery, 1.

Syrian glass, 1.

AUDITORIUM

Several local organizations have met in the auditorium and have
been given an illustrated talk by a staff member, preliminary to a
view of exhibitions in the galleries above.

November 14.—Twentieth Century Club, Art Section: Arts and Cultures of the
Near East. Attendance, 51. .

February 10.—Women’s Club of Chevy Chase, Art Section: Chinese Arts.
Attendance, 39.

May 19.—District of Columbia Library Association: Christean and Islamic Mss.
Attendance, 98.

May 14.—The American Federation of Arts, in annual convention, held one
session at the I’'reer Gallery to commemorate the one hundredth anniversary of
the birth of James NeNeil! Whistler. For them a special Whistler exhibition
was arranged in Galleries VIII-XII. Attendance, 157.

ATTENDANCE

The Gallery has been open every day from 9 until 4:30 o’clock,
with the exception of Mondays, Christmas Day, and New Year’s
Day.

The total attendance of visitors coming in at the main entrance
was 117,340. The total attendance for week days exclusive of
Mondays, was 77,810; for Sundays 39,530. The ratio of about 3 tol,
which for several years has existed between Sunday and week-day
attendance was maintained, the average Sunday attendance being
760, the average week-day attendance, 250. As heretofore, the high-
est monthly attendance was reached in April (22,232) and August
(11,265). The lowest monthly attendance this year was in February
(5,423).

The total attendance on Mondays was 23, making a grand total
of 117,363.

There were 2,754 visitors to the offices during the year. Of these,
84 came for general information, 444 to see objects in storage, 64 to
examine the building and installations, 229 to study in the library,

Aa ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1934

55 to see the Washington Manuscripts, 13 to make .tracings and
sketches from library books, 32 to get permission to make photo-
graphs and sketches, 342 to examine or purchase photographs, 115
to submit objects for examination, and 608 to see members of the
staff.

Sixty-eight groups, ranging from 1 to 98 persons (total, 565), were.
given docent service upon request (of these, 2 groups of 3 persons.
were given docent service on Monday), and 17 groups, ranging from
1 to 17 persons (total, 180) were given instruction in the study rooms.

FIELD WORK

Last autumn we began the disbanding of our field expedition in
China and recalled Mr: Bishop to this country, where he arrived in
April.

It cannot be said that our attempt to prosecute scientific archeology
in China has been the sucess for which we hoped. On the other hand,
it has not been by any means a failure, as the results of our surveys
and excavations clearly show. We have to our credit a moderate
amount of positive scientific achievement, while on the negative side
we have demonstrated to my entire satisfaction that under the present
disturbed conditions it is not practicable to continue archeological
investigations in China.

PERSONNEL

Mrs. Myron W. Whitney worked at the Gallery between October
11, 1933, and June 25, 1934, on translations of Arabic and Persian
inscriptions.

Y. Kinoshita, mounter, returned to the Gallery on October 31,
1933, after a 4 months’ visit to Japan.

Mr. and Mrs. Carl Bishop left China for this country on March 17,
1934.

John Pinkney, laborer, retired on May 1, 1934, after nearly 14
years of continuous and faithful service.

Respectfully submitted.

J. E. Lopes, Curator.

Dr. C. G. ABzgort,

Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.

APPENDIX 4
REPORT ON THE BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

Sire: I have the honor to submit the following report on the field
researches, office work, and other operations of the Bureau of Ameri-
can Hthnology during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1934, conducted
in accordance with the act of Congress approved June 16, 1933. The
act referred to contains the following item:

American ethnology: For continuing ethnological researches among the Ameri-
ean Indians and the natives of Hawaii, the excavation and preservation of
archeologic remains under the direction of the Smithsonian Institution, including

necessary employees, the preparation of manuscripts, drawings, and illustrations,
the purchase of books and periodicals, and traveling expenses, $50,000.00.

SYSTEMATIC RESEARCHES

M. W. Stirling, Chief, devoted the early part of the year to office
routine and to the preparation of manuscript relating to past re-
searches. When the Civil Works Administration began to expand
its relief program, opportunity was taken to give work to a number of
especially equipped unemployed in the translation of manuscript and
rare printed material in foreign languages and to the typing and
copying of a considerable quantity of rare manuscript material in the
archives of the Bureau which has been in danger of disintegrating
because of age.

On December 11, 1933, Mr. Stirling left Washington for Florida to
supervise archeological projects which he had proposed in connection
with the Federal Civil Works Administration relief program. After
conference with Civil Works Administration officials at Tallahassee
and Jacksonville, work was conducted in the excavation of mounds
and habitation sites in the vicinity of the south fork of the Little
Manatee River near Bradenton, Fla., and on Perico Island near the
mouth of the Manatee River. A sand burial mound was excavated
at Englewood in the southern part of Sarasota County. On the
eastern coast of Florida, work was conducted on Canaveral Island,
at Miami Beach, and at Ormond Beach. In the central part of the
State a large site near Belle Glade in the vicinity of Lake Okeechobee
was excavated. Because of the amount of labor which it was possible
to utilize, much information was obtained which will help to clear up
the problems of Southeastern archeology.

During the same period, Mr. Stirling took the opportunity of over-
seeing the work conducted under the auspices of the Bureau of

35

34 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1934

Ethnology at Macon, Ga., where a large and important mound group
was being excavated with the cooperation of the Macon Historical
Society. On May 5, Mr. Stirling returned to Washington where he
worked on the preparation of the collections obtained during this
field work and on the preparation of reports on the different excava- ~
tions.

Upon the death of the late Gen. Hugh L. Scott, his valuable mate-
rial on the sign language of the American Indians was added to the
Bureau archives. Richard Sanderville, Blackfoot Indian, who had
been one of General Scott’s principal informants, was brought to
Washington in order to go over this material and to supplement it in
places which appeared lacking. Opportunity was also taken to make
additional motion pictures and a general photographic record of the
sign language with Mr. Sanderville as model.

During the earlier part of the year Dr. John R. Swanton, ethnolo-
gist, completed the bulletin on the languages of certain Texas tribes,
of which mention was made in his last report. This includes all of the
linguistic material known to be in existence, both published and
unpublished, from the Coahuiltecan, Karankawan, and Tamaulipecan
stocks, 1. e., all of the Indian tongues of Texas west and south of the
Atakapa and Tonkawa, and extending as far into Mexico as the
boundaries of the Huastec and Uto-Aztecan tribes.

The remainder of his office work, aside from correspondence, has
been devoted mainly to the handbook of Southeastern Indians, men-
tioned in previous reports. The present draft of this work contains
about 1,200 typewritten pages.

At the end of February Dr. Swanton went to Macon, Ga., at the
invitation of the Society for Georgia Archaeology, to attend its first
meeting and take part in its activities as indicated elsewhere. He
remained at Macon for about 3 weeks, visiting archeological sites both
in the immediate neighborhood and in other parts of Georgia and mak-
ing some attempts to locate the route pursued by De Soto in crossing
the State in 1540. Dr. Swanton thinks there is little doubt that the
crossing point on the Oconee has been identified with the old trail
crossing at Carr Shoals, a few miles above Dublin.

Dr. Truman Michelson, ethnologist, devoted the bulk of his
time to preparing a paper entitled ‘‘The Linguistic Position of
NadwaOininina®.” This consisted of going over Kroeber’s published
material and establishing the phonetic shifts of the language. It
also meant codifying in final form a number of Cheyenne shifts which
he had partially worked out in previous years. It also involved
clarifying some shifts in Arapaho and Atsina. The special novelty
consists in showing how at least certain Algonquian languages became
divergent simply by the operation of complex and far-reaching
phonetic shifts. The manuscript was completed before the end of

REPORT OF THE SHCRETARY 30

the fiscal year. Toward the close of the fiscal year Dr. Michelson
was engaged in working out the phonetic shifts in Natick, an extinct
Algonquian language, on the basis of Trumbull’s Dictionary.

During the first 6 months of the fiscal year, Dr. John P. Harrington,
ethnologist, continued his field studies among the Mission Indians of
California, obtaining a rather exhaustive set of notes to accompany
the publication of the Boscana manuscript recently discovered by him.
It is the long-lost original of the only complete report ever written by
a Franciscan missionary on the ethnology of the California Indians.
It was written by the Rev. Jeronimo Boscana at San Juan Capistrano
Mission on the coast of southern California in 1822, and is a delight-
fully variant version of the Boscana account entitled ‘“‘Chinigchinich”’,
published in English translation by Alfred Robinson as an appendix
to his Life in California in 1846. The task of taking this Spanish
original to the oldest surviving Indians and eliciting their comment
on its many detailed statements proved fascinating and often went
far beyond the scope of the original.

The following 5 months were spent in Washington, D. C., in elab-
oration of field material, A very literal and careful translation of
the newly found manuscript was made, and this translation was
published in the Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Vol. 92,
No. 4. Copy of the Spanish text has been prepared, and this with
the notes, which exceed several times the bulk of the manuscript, will
constitute a later publication by the Smithsonian.

Leaving Washington for California early in June, Dr. Harrington
spent 17 days with an old Indian informant who contributed much
to the Boscana notes and gave considerable other important infor-
mation. The end of the fiscal year found him still in the field.

Dr. F. H. H. Roberts, Jr., archeologist, was on leave of absence
from the Bureau during the months of July and August 1933. During
this time he excavated the remains of a small village of the Pueblo I
type. The investigations were carried on 3% miles south of Allan-
town, Ariz., on a portion of the site where researches were conducted
in the field seasons of 1931, 1932. . The 1933 work was done under
the auspices of the Laboratory of Anthropology, Santa Fe, N. Mex.,
as a part of its program of field training for graduate students. The
Laboratory and the Bureau cooperated in the investigations of 1931
and the Bureau sponsored those of 1932. Despite its small size, the
village excavated in 1933 contributed valuable data on developments
occurring within a single phase in the history of the pre-Spanish
Pueblo Indians, and this knowledge is being incorporated in the large
report on the results of the previous years’ investigations at the site.

In the 2 months allotted to the work, two unit dwellings—one
consisting of 5 rooms and a subterranean ceremonial chamber,
the other containing 7 rooms and a ceremonial chamber—a third

36 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 19384

underground structure, and several courts were excavated. The
refuse mounds were trenched and 24 burials with accompanying
mortuary offerings were uncovered. A few timbers used as roof
beams in the structures were sufficiently preserved to make possible
their dating by means of dendrochronology. These show that the
village was built and occupied between 800 and 850 A. D. Specimens
collected include pottery ; stone tools, bone implements and ornaments;
and some tiny beads made from shells, both red and white in color,
which make a string 37 feet 314 inches in length, one of the longest
ever found in the Southwest.

The autumn months were spent in office researches and routine.
Drawings were made to illustrate the report oa the Arizona work.
Information was furnished in response to inquiries. Manuscripts
were written detailing various problems in southwestern archeology
and explaining the results of the Bureau’s activities in that field.

Dr. Roberts left Washington December 16, 1933, for Pittsburg
Landing, Tenn., where he began work December 21, on a group of
mounds located on the old battlefield in Shiloh National Military
Park. The project was one of many sponsored by the C. W. A. and
provided for an extensive investigation. The work continued until
March 30, 1934. The site is located on a high bluff above the west
bank of the Tennessee River and lies between two deep ravines through
which flow tributary branches of the main stream. It consists of 7
large mounds, 6 domiciliary and 1 burial, and numerous low elevations
which mark the places where dwellings once stood. To the west of
the area of occupation is an embankment, extending across the neck
of the bluff from one ravine to the other, indicating the former exist-
ence of a palisade which protected the community on that side.

Dr. Roberts returned to Washington April 2, and from that time
until June 30 worked over material from the Southwest and from
Shiloh.

On July 1, 1933, Dr. W. D. Strong, with the Smithsonian expedition
in northeastern Honduras, was returning from a muleback and air-
plane reconnaissance of the interior between Trujillo and Tegucigalpa.
The party returned to Trujillo on July 7, having located a considerable
number of important and hitherto unknown ruins of Chorotegan type
on the overland traverse. Collections were packed and shipped from
Puerto Castilla and Dr. Strong reported in Washington July 18.

From that date until December he was occupied in sorting and
classifying the Honduras ethnological and archeological collections
and commencing a report on the Bay Island reconnaissance. At the
same time work was resumed on the report dealing with the stratified
archeological horizons excavated on Signal Butte the year before.
On December 11, 1933, Dr. Strong left Washington to take charge of
archeological excavations at Buena Vista Lake, Kern County, Calif.,
made possible by a grant from the Federal Civil Works Administra-

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 37

tion. This work lasted until March 30, 1934. The excavations
yielded a mass of specimens and detailed stratigraphic data bearing
on the prehistoric human occupation of the great southern valley of
California. Winslow M. Walker, who acted as assistant director on
the excavations, is preparing a report on this work.

Beside the main excavation work at Buena Vista Lake a series of
week-end reconnaissance trips to the Cuyama Valley yielded infor-
mation on the prehistory of the eastern Chumash. A large burial
ground and several village sites were excavated. The prehistoric
house type in this border area seems to have been a round or ovoid
earth-lodge, with from two to four central posts and no entrance pas-
sage. One house of this sort, early historic in time, had a flue up one
side, reminiscent of Pueblo house types. At the close of the C. W. A.
excavations a small party, under Dr. Strong’s direction, made a sur-
vey of caves and village sites in the Santa Barbara Mountains west of
the Cuyama Valley, and in the Hurricane Deck region of the Sisquoc
River. Considerable perishable material from caves, data on a num-
ber of village sites, and some interesting pictographs were obtained
on this trip. The culture of the eastern Chumash, as revealed by
these valley and mountain sites, seems to have been intermediate
between that of the coastal Chumash and Island Shoshonean culture
and that of the Lake Yokuts. Particularly interesting is the fact
that the eastern Chumash cultural remains are particularly close to
those recovered from the older of the two kitchen middens excavated
on Buena Vista Lake.

Dr. Strong returned to Washington May 1, 1934, and resumed
work on the Signal Butte and Bay Island archeological reports.

Winslow M. Walker, associate anthropologist, unable to resume
field researches because of the provisions of the Economy Act, instead
devoted his time to a systematic examination and classification of the
manuscript material collected by the late Dr. Cyrus Thomas relating
to Indian mounds. These notes and reports were then refiled accord-
ing to geographical location in the manuscript division. Some
unpublished notes belonging to the late James Mooney were also
found, which contained data about archeological sites in various parts
of the Cherokee country, and these together with a series of maps
prepared by Mr. Mooney in the field were revised with the helpful
assistance of Mrs. Mooney, and made available for the use of any
students interested in that section of the Southeast.

About the middle of December 1933 Mr. W. M. Walker left Wash-
ington to assist Dr. Strong in the direction of an archeological excava-
tion project near Taft, Calif., made possible by a grant from the
Federal Civil Works Administration. ‘The site chosen consisted of
two large shellmounds on the shore of Buena Vista Lake, known to
the early Spanish explorers as the Yokuts village of Tulamniu. These

91910—34——_6

38 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1934

mounds and a portion of the adjoining hill tops were made the object
of systematic excavations lasting until the end of March 1934, em-
ploying a large number of men taken from the local relief rolls, as well
as a number of experienced students from the University of Cali-
fornia, and a staff of technical specialists. As a result a large amount
of information was obtained about the construction and occupation
of the shellmounds, the burial places of some 600 of their former
inhabitants, and a collection of about 4,500 specimens illustrating
their material culture. Indications are that the inhabitants of the
later mound are closely related in culture to the shellmound builders
of the San Francisco Bay region, some of whom may have worked
their way up the San Joaquin Valley, until they appeared in historic
times as the lake tribes of the Southern Yokuts.

Following the closing of the C. W. A. work early in April, Mr.
Walker also accompanied Dr. Strong on a 2-weeks’ packing trip into
the Santa Barbara Mountains mentioned above.

Mr. Walker returned to Washington the latter part of April and
has since been engaged in the classification and study of the material
collected in preparation for a report on the ancient Yokuts village
site of Tulamniu.

During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1934, Mr. J. N. B. Hewitt,
ethnologist, was engaged in office work. The time was devoted to
the revision and literal and free translation of native texts in the
Mohawk, the Cayuga, and the Onondaga languages, relating not only
to the several institutions of the League of the Iroquois, but also to
the traditional accounts of the events leading to its establishment
with traditional biographies of the founders and their antagonists,
and also those relating to the legendary origin and development of
the Wind or Disease Gods and as well those relating to the Plant or
Vegetable Gods.

In the writings of many historians of the tribes of the Iroquois,
there is a constant occurrence of the terms ‘‘elder’”’ brothers, tribes,
and nations, and ‘‘younger”’ brothers, tribes, and nations. These
phrases have often been employed to show the tribal or racial descent
of one Iroquois Tribe or people from another. Mr. Hewitt was able
to demonstrate that the eldership or juniorship of tribes or nations
or political brothers among the Iroquois peoples has quite a differ-
ent signification, these terms being courteous forms of address of an
institutional nature, which bars completely the historical inferences
or deductions so frequently made from them.

Mr. Hewitt was also enabled as a result of his studies to assign to
their proper place and function the seven wampum strings utilized
by the Iroquois in the Farewell Chant of the Condolence and Instal-
lation Convocation of the League of the Iroquois.

As the representative of the Smithsonian Institution on the United
States Geographic Board and as a member of its executive committee

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 39

Mr. Hewitt attended 10 regular and 4 special meetings of the Board
and also 10 regular and 6 special meetings of the executive com-
mittee. On April 17, 1934, the President, by Executive order, abolished
the United States Geographic Board, transferring its paid personnel
of three members to the Interior Department, with the records and
other property of the Board.

EDITORIAL WORK AND PUBLICATIONS

The editing of the publications of the Bureau was continued
through the year by Stanley Searles, editor. The following publica-
tions were issued during the year ended June 30, 1934:

Forty-eighth Annual Report. Accompanying paper: General index, annual
reports of the Bureau of American Ethnology, vols. 1-48 (Bonnerjea). v,
1,221 pp.

Fiftieth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary
of the Smithsonian Institution, 1932-33. 7 pp.

Publications distributed totaled 14,761.

LIBRARY

The reference library has continued under the care of Miss Ella
Leary, librarian. The library consists of 30,701 volumes, about
17,095 pamphlets, and several thousand unbound periodicals. Dur-
ing the year 310 books were accessioned, of which 34 were acquired
by purchase, the remainder being received through gift and ex-
change; also 102 pamphlets and 3,130 serials, chiefly the publica-
tions of learned societies, were received and recorded. The cata-
loging kept pace with the new accessions, and some progress was
made in cataloging ethnologic and related articles in the earlier serials,
3,840 cards being added to the catalog. A considerable amount of
reference work was done in the usual course of the library’s service
to investigators and students, both those in the Smithsonian Insti-
tution and others.

ILLUSTRATIONS

Following is a summary of work accomplished by E. G. Cassedy,
illustrator, for the Bureau.

NV Fen-COl OmaCine will GS apatite ek ae ye een ee De el yas ar A 71
UL girine) GUE yA 2 cae el a ae A en 64
Sila lemcliranw ane Seema rs me seer Ne sth Sree AAs cies Same 50
RYN fetis Laie lite cacy sl Tos mrp ee a Ney aa De ween Dyeeee Van Sayre tae al ed) lec 4.
Cra onmalnain askew en MeNm Ua eo wade ines 2a gs oa he il
Gra OLS eso os alt ae Mi ae I ESA Se ea ea 38
SIN ey pm ei MIE ANE SL SB Up Faas A a 13
Aree Ee reAiTaN > May OL mapa a ep gL Na Ie pa ee 206
Layouts—Sizing, lettering, and assembling ____-_____-------- 119
Retouchedtdmawinigse yee ios seca ewe Se ee 35
Dieter 07s eae ream Om UE NT GUE he ag ST MA en IP ce a a 2
AVE COLIC In| Cliaposla Ost sepa ote Hy Da ee Mae ef pee eS ae 8

HESTOREM EINE MAG hV.eS eels uke Cee ice le ee tO Ey elie ial 2 NE ae 8

40 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1934

Accession COLLECTIONS

number
123372. Skeletal material from a burial site near Sarasota, Fla. (1 specimen).

125140. Archeological material from various sites in Louisiana, Georgia, and
Mississippi, collected by W. M. Walker during the fall of 1932 (68
specimens).

125392. Archeological and human skeletal remains, also some bird bones and
four incomplete dog skeletons, collected in Arizona by Dr. F. H. H.
Roberts, Jr., during the seasons of 1931 and 1932 (662 specimens).

126434. Ethnological material from the Sumu and Miskito Indians collected by
Dr. W. D. Strong while on a recent expedition to Honduras, also
some natural history specimens (43 specimens).

128084. Ethnological specimens from Australia and Papua presented to the
Bureau by Joel H. DuBose (13 specimens).

129974. Archeological and skeletal material collected by F. M. Setzler from
August 20 to November 1, 1933, from mounds and village sites
within the Marksville Works, near Marksville, La. (1,772 speci-
mens).

MISCELLANEOUS

During the course of the year information was furnished by mem-
bers of the Bureau staff in reply to numerous inquiries concerning
the North American Indians, both past and present, and the Mex-
ican peoples of the prehistoric and early historic periods. Various
specimens sent to the Bureau were identified and data on them fur-
nished for their owners.

Personnel.—Miss Marion Ilhg, junior stenographer, resigned on
December 11, 1933.

Miss Edna Butterbrodt was appointed junior stenographer on
June 1, 1934.

Respectfully submitted.

M. W. Sriruine, Chief.

Dr. C. G. ABBorT,

Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.

APPENDIX 5
REPORT ON THE INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE SERVICE

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the opera-
tions of the International Exchange Service during the fiscal year
ended June 30, 1934:

Congress appropriated $39,054 for the International Exchange
Service, $38,500 of which was included in the regular appropriation
act and $554 in a deficiency act, the latter being for the purpose of
restoring on February 1, 1934, 5 percent of the 15-percent economy
reduction in salaries. The above appropriation is a decrease of
$2,571 from the actual amount expended for the service during the
previous year. The repayments from departmental and other
establishments aggregated $3,805.27, a decrease of $1,423, making
the total resources available for conducting the service during the
year $42,859.27.

The number of packages that passed through the service during
the year was 675,980, a decrease of 44,229. These packages weighed
a total of 624,741 pounds, a decrease of 9,966 pounds.

The table below gives the number and weight of the packages
arranged under certain classifications.

Packages Weight
Sent Received Sent Received
Pounds | Pounds
United States parliamentary documents sent abroad ____-_--- B45 20 ij eeuee eee OOF 852) | skpuaeryeueee
Publications received in return for parliamentary documents _-|__-------- QE 32 c| Manele Pe 27, 724
United States departmental documents sent abroad___------- HO); Oil) jo e-- sae IWR) GO oa sosssa-~=
Publications received in return for departmental documents__|__-_-_---- FA PARTS [tata chet shen 27, 983
Miscellaneous scientific and literary publications sent abroad__| 162,924 |___--___--- ROMO NH Yo soe eee
Miscellaneous scientific and literary publications received
from abroad for distribution in the United States__-_-------|---------- SA OG 7) ee a se ae 120, 920
LADO ie Us eee Se I RNa CE Te feceed 2s A Pe es Se CIR 2 WR 604, 463 71, 517 448, 114 176, 627
‘Grand total alll packages’ handled_--..--_- 222-282. 675,980 624,741

The total number of boxes shipped abroad was 2,342, a decrease of
346. Of these boxes, 441 contained full sets of United States official
documents for authorized foreign depositories and the remainder
(1,901) were filled with publications for miscellaneous establishments
and individuals. The number of packages sent abroad by mail was
57, 359, a decrease of 22,271.

41

42 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1934

As stated in a previous report, the clearance of consignments
arriving at the port of New York for the Smithsonian Institution
was attended to from 1850 to July 1, 1923, by an official in the United
States Customhouse. On the latter date the work was taken over
by the Coordinator of the Second Area in New York City. The
Office of the Coordinator subsequently having been abolished, the
Institution appointed its own agent August 1, 1933. On April 1,
1934, the Smithsonian Agency in New York was discontinued and
the duties were assumed by the United States Government Despatch
Agent. Foreign consignments intended for the Institution and its
branches therefore now should be addressed as follows:

Smithsonian Institution,
Washington, D. C.
c/o United States Despatch Agent,
45 Broadway,
New York, U.S. A.

Vittorio Benedetti, who for many years had ably served the Royal
Italian Office of International Exchanges in Rome, was reinstated in
July 1929, after a separation of 3 years, as chief of that office. In
July 1933 he advised the Institution that, having passed the age
limit, he had been retired. The service rendered by Mr. Benedetti
in promoting the cultural relations between Italy and the United
States is inestimable.

FOREIGN DEPOSITORIES OF GOVERNMENTAL DOCUMENTS

The total number of sets of United States official publications sent
to foreign depositories is 112, of which 62 are full and 50 partial.
A complete list of the depositories is given in the report for 1931.

INTERPARLIAMENTARY EXCHANGE OF THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL

The number of foreign legislative bodies and other governmental
establishments to which the Congressional Record is forwarded under
the terms of the convention for the immediate exchange of the
official journal is 104. A list of the States taking part in this imme-
diate exchange, together with the names of the establishments to
which the Record is mailed, will be found in the report for 1931.

FOREIGN EXCHANGE AGENCIES

The Government of New Zealand advised the Institution under
date of June 1 that the Exchange Agency for that country had been
changed from the Dominion Museum to the General Assembly
Library in Wellington.

The Chinese Bureau of International Exchange, which has been
conducted under the direction of the Academia Sinica in Shanghai

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 43

since 1930, was placed under the National Central Library in Nanking
on July 1, 1934.

There is given below a list of the agencies abroad through which
the distribution of exchanges is effected. Many of the agencies
forward consignments to the Institution for distribution in the
United States.

LIST OF EXCHANGE AGENCIES

ALGERIA, via France.

ANGOLA, via Portugal.

ARGENTINA: Comisiédn Protectora de Bibliotecas Populares, Calle Callao 1540.
Buenos Aires.

Austria: Internationale Austauschstelle, National-Bibliothek, Augustinerbastei
6, Wien, I.

AzorEs, via Portugal.

BEucium: Service Belge des Echanges Internationaux, Bibliothéque Royale de
Belgique, Rue du Musée, 4, Bruxelles.

Bottvia: Oficina Nacional de Estadistica, La Paz.

Braziu: Servico de Permutacées Internacionaes, Bibliotheca Nacional, Rio de
Janeiro.

British Gurana: Royal Agricultural and Commercial Society, Georgetown.

British Honpuras: Colonial Secretary, Belize.

Bute@arta: Institutions Scientifiques de 8. M. le Roi de Bulgarie, Sofia.

Canapa: Sent by mail.

Canary IsLAnps, via Spain.

CuiuE: Servicio de Canjes Internacionales, Biblioteca Nacional, Santiago.

Curva: Bureau of International Exchange, National Central Library, Nanking.

Cotomsia: Oficina de Canjes Internacionales y Reparto, Biblioteca Nacioral,.
Bogota.

Costa Rica: Oficina de Depésito y Canje Internacional de Publicaciones, San.
José.

Cusa: Sent by mail.

CzECHOSLOVAKIA: Service Tchécoslovaque des Echanges Internationaux, Biblio-
théque de l’ Assemblée Nationale, Prague 1-79.

Danzic: Amt fir den Internationalen Schriftenaussausch der Freien Stadt
Danzig, Stadtbibliothek, Danzig.

Denmark: Service Danois des Echanges Internationaux, Kongelige Danske
Videnskabernes: Selskab, Dantes Plads, 35, Copenhagen V.

Dutcu GuiaANa: Surinaamsche Koloniale Bibliotheek, Paramaribo.

Ecuapor: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Quito.

Eayrrt: Government Press, Publications Office, Bulaq, Cairo.

Estonia: Riigiraamatukogu (State Library), Tallinn (Reval).

FINLAND: Delegation of the Scientific Societies of Finland, Kasairngatan 24,.
Helsingfors.

France: Service Francais des Echanges Internationaux, 110 Rue de Grenelle,
Paris.

Germany: Amerika-Institut, Universitatstrasse 8, Berlin, NW. 7.

Great Britain AND IRELAND: Messrs. Wheldon & Wesley, 2, 3, and 4 Arthur
Street, New Oxford Street, London, W. C. 2.

GREECE: Bibliothéque Nationale, Athens.

GREENLAND, via Denmark.

GuateMaAta: Instituto Nacional de Varones, Guatemala.

Harri: Secrétaire d’Etat des Relations Extérieures, Port-au-Prince.

Honpuras: Biblioteca Nacional, Tegucigalpa.

44 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1934

Huneary: Hungarian Libraries Board, Ferenciektere 5, Budapest, IV.

IcELAND, via Denmark.

Inpra: Superintendent of Government Printing and Stationery, Bombay.

Iraty: R. Ufficio degli Scambi Internazionali, Ministero dell’ Educazione
Nazionale, Viale del Re, Rome.

Jamaica: Institute of Jamaica, Kingston.

JAPAN: Imperial Library of Japan, Uyeno Park, Tokyo.

JAVA, via Netherlands.

Korea: Sent by mail.

Larvra: Service des Echanges Internationaux, Bibliothéque d’Etat de Lettonie,
Riga.

Liseria: Bureau of Exchanges, Department of State, Monrovia.

Liruvantia: Sent by mail.

Lovrengo Marquez, via Portugal.

LuxeMBuURG, via Belgium.

MapaGascar, via France.

-Mavberra, via Portugal.

Mexico: Sent by mail.

MozamBiqQue, via Portugal.

NETHERLANDS: International Exchange Bureau of the Netherlands, Royal
Library, The Hague.

New Souty Watszs: Public Library of New South Wales, Sydney.

New ZEALAND: General Assembly Library, Wellington.

NicaraGua: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Managua.

Norway: Service Norvégien des Echanges Internationaux, Bibliothéque de
l Université Royale, Oslo.

PALESTINE: Hebrew University Library, Jerusalem.

Panama: Sent by mail.

ParaGuay: Seccién Canje Internacional de Publicaciones del Ministerio de
Relaciones Exteriores, Estrella 563, Asunci6n.

Peru: Oficina de Reparto, Depésito y Canje Internacional de Publicaciones,
Ministerio de Fomento, Lima.

PoLanp: Service Polonais des Echanges Internationaux, Bibliothéque Nationale,
Ul. Rakowiecka 6, Warsaw.

PortuGat: Secgao de Trocas Internacionaes, Biblioteca Nacional, Lisboa.

QUEENSLAND: Bureau of Exchanges of International Publications, Chief Secre-
tary’s Office, Brisbane.

Rumanra: Bureau des Echanges Internationaux, Institut Météorologique
Central, Bucharest.

SaLtvapor: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, San Salvador.

Siam: Department of Foreign Affairs, Bangkok.

Sourn Austrauia: South Australian Government Exchanges Bureau, Governs
ment Printing and Stationery Office, Adelaide.

Spain: Servicio de Cambio Internacional de Publicaciones, Paseo de Recoletos
20, bajo derecha, Madrid.

SumatTrRA, via Netherlands.

SweEDEN: Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps Akademien, Stockholm.

SwitzeERLAND: Service Suisse des Echanges Internationaux, Bibliothéque
Centrale Fédérale, Berne.

Syria: American University of Beirut.

TASMANIA: Secretary to the Premier, Hobart.

Trinipapb: Royal Victoria Institute of Trinidad and Tobago, Port-of-Spain.

Tunis: via France.

Turkey: Robert College, Istanbul.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 45.

Union or Souts Arrica: The Government Printer, Box 373, Pretoria, Transvaal..

Union or Soviet Socratist Repusiics: Academy of Sciences, Birzhevaya L. 1,.
Leningrad V. O.

Urvuauay: Oficina de Canje Internacional de Publicaciones, Ministerio de Rela-
ciones Exxteriores, Montevideo.

VENEZUELA: Biblioteca Nacional, Caracas.

Victoria: Public Library of Victoria, Melbourne.

WesTERN AUSTRALIA: Public Library of Western Australia, Perth.

Yucosuavia: Ministére des Affaires Etrangéres, Belgrade.

Respectfully submitted.

C. W. SHOEMAKER,

Chief Clerk.
Dr. C. G. ABsor, .

Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.

APPENDIX 6

REPORT OF THE NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the opera-
tions of the National Zoological Park for the fiscal year ended June 30,
1934:

The regular appropriation made by Congress for the maintenance of
the park was $180,000. There was a reduction, mainly impoundage
for positions vacant, of $4,778. The total expenditures for the year
were about $175,200.

ACCESSIONS

Gifts —A number of important gifts during the year have enriched
the collection appreciably. W.E. Buck, of Camden, N. J., presented
an electric catfish. From the Mount Vernon Ladies Association,
through Colonel Dodge, were received a pair of Virginia deer. William
LaVarre, of New York City, presented a pair of rare white tayra cats.

From the Ringling Brothers-Barnum & Bailey Circus was received
the Indian elephant ‘“‘Babe’’, a famous animal that had traveled with
the circus for 51 years. She was presented at the afternoon per-
formance on May 16, through Samuel W. Gumpertz and Robert
Ringling.

Dr. Knowles Ryerson, of the Department of Agriculture, collected
in Puerto Rico and presented a specimen of the rare and attractive
Anolis cuvieri.

DONORS AND THEIR GIFTS

Paul Achstetter and Hugh Claggett, Washington, D. C., 4 blue-tailed skinks,
spiny lizard.

Messrs. Acton and Williams, Riverdale Fire Department, Riverdale, Md.,
alligator.

A. M. Agelasto, Washington, D. C., 2 spotted gourami.

R. M. Allen and Ernest C. Weise, Washington, D. C., tarantula, scorpion.

Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co., Store No. 310, Washington, D. C., common boa.

C. C. Baker, Washington, D. C., tarantula.

Howard Ball, Washington, D. C., pintail.

H. Walter Barrows, Takoma Park, Md., green snake.

Pierce Beach, Silver Spring, Md., opossum.

Otto Benesh, Washington, D. C., blacksnake.

Dean F. Berry, Orlando, Fla., coral snake.

D. G. Blake, Washington, D. C., opossum.

W. F. Boldridge, Rixeyville, Va., 2 barn owls.

Mrs. J. S. C. Boswell, Alexandria, Va., king snake.

46

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 47

HH. A. Bowie, Washington, D. C., alligator.

Mrs. James Broadmore, Washington, D. C., yellow-fronted parrot.

Warren Buck, Camden, N. J., electric catfish.

Dr. Charles E. Burt, Winfield, Kansas, 5 snapping turtles, 20 box tortoises, 37
painted turtles, 84 musk turtles, 4 six-lined race runners, hog-nosed snake,
golden eagle.

EK. A. Candidus, Morsemere, N. J., armored catfish.

V. F. Cannon, Washington, D. C., bald eagle.

F. G. Carnochan, New York, N. Y., 2 wood turtles.

‘Claude T. Carpenter, Washington, D. C., diamond-back rattlesnake.

Carlyle Carr, Biological Survey, Gainesville, Fla., 2 coral snakes, horn snake.

Mrs. H. W. Clark, Washington, D. C., 2 Pekin ducks, 2 box tortoises.

J. B. Clark, Washington, D. C., aligator.

O. G. Clay, Washington, D. C., ring-necked pheasant.

Miss Myrabelle Clow, Washington, D. C., red fox.

W. F. Cochran, Washington, D. C., screech owl.

E. 8. Cook, Washington, D. C., horned toad.

Miss Isabelle Cooke, Washington, D. C., pilot snake.

J. T. Cooke, Athens, Tenn., 2 ospreys.

“Buzzie”’ and ‘‘Sistie’’? Dall, Washington, D. C., alligator.

Maleolm Davis, Washington, D. C., 2 grass paroquets.

Charles F. Denley, Glenmont, Md., 2 ring-necked pheasants.

G. F. Dennis, Cherrydale, Va., broad-winged hawk.

Colonel Dodge, Mount Vernon Estate, Va., 2 Virginia deer.

Charles E. Eaton, Washington, D. C., red salamander.

R. K. Enders, Swarthmore College, Pa., 3 small red rodents.

Harry Feldinan, Washington, D. C., pied-bill grebe.

Mrs. A. E. Foot, Washington, D. C., 3 guinea pigs.

R. C. Frame, Washington, D.-C., capuchin monkey.

Mrs. L. C. Frank, Chevy Chase, Md., 2 flying squirrels.

George Freeman, Bluemont, Va., great horned owl.

Langdon and Garland Fulton, Washington, D. C., burrowing owl.

Mrs. H. P. Gantt, Fort Hoyle, Md., banded rattlesnake.

Paul Hagdeson, Washington, D. C., woodchuck.

H. P. Hansberger, Washington, D. C., 3 copperheads.

Charles A. Harbaugh, Washington, D. C., blue jay.

G. A. Harlow, Culpeper, Va., 2 raccoons.

Dr. W. T. Harrison, National Institute of Health, Washington, D. C., 2 green
guenons.

B. C. Hayes, Washington, D. C., American barn owl.

N.S. Henrique, Habana, Cuba, Cuban boa.

R. Hess, Washington, D. C., ring-necked pheasant.

Roy Holmes, St. Petersburg, Fla., spider monkey.

T. B. Hopper, Washington,. D. C., canary.

Mrs. Horton, Washington, D. C., Cuban parrot.

Miss Nan Hughes, Washington, D. C., double yellow-head parrot.

Mrs. Alice Jenks, Washington, D. C., yellow-naped parrot, double yellow-head
parrot.

W. Jennier, Cincinnati, Ohio, 30 horned lizards.

Vernon O. Kanable, Clarendon, Va., copperhead.

Mrs. Shunichi Kase, Washington, D. C., barred owl.

Mrs. Hazel Kenmeser, Washington, D. C., Pekin duck.

Mrs. Franklin Kenworthy, Purcellville, Va., white-crowned seed eater.

R. R. Klotz, Washington, D. C., broad-winged hawk.

48 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1934

Frank Kothe, Washington, D. C., sparrowhawk.

Warren Krumke, Washington, D. C., green snake.

William LaVarre, New York, N. Y., 2 white tayra.

F. Leonard, Washington, D. C., common turkey.

Mrs. Jerome Lightfoot, Washington, D. C., albino bullfrog.

David Lynn, Washington, D. C., ring-necked pheasant, diamond-back terrapin.

James and John Magill, Athens, Tenn., 2 turkey vultures.

George E. Malamphy, Georgetown, 8. C., water moccasin, 2 copperheads, hog--
nose snake, red racer.

Mr. and Mrs. C. Manuel, Fairfax, Va., American black bear.

J. J. Marcotte, Chevy Chase, Md., golden pheasant, 6 ring-necked pheasants.

G. F. Marshall, Washington, D. C., Cuban parrot.

W. B. McCann, Washington, D. C., skunk.

Dr. Robert C. McCullough, Washington, D. C., red-shouldered hawk.

Henry J. McDermitt, Takoma Park, Md., great horned owl.

E. A. MclIlhenny, Avery Island, La., 6 blue geese, 4 lesser snow geese.

D. F. Miller and Tom Rowell, Washington, D. C., watersnake.

Miss Evelyn H. Miller, Washington, D. C., snapping turtle.

Peter Mills, Miami, Fla., gopher turtle.

Mitloff’s Market, Washington, D. C., common boa.

J. Mock, Washington, D. C., Reeve’s pheasant.

Dr. Carlton Morse, Watertown, Mass., mynah.

G. C. Moss, Newport News, Va., hog-nosed snake.

Miss Vera L. Munday, Silver Spring, Md., grass paroquet, canary.

J. R. Page, Greensboro, N. C., chicken snake.

Nelson and Robert Peach, Mitchellville, Md., sparrowhawk.

Betty and Jane Perkins, Washington, D. C., 2 Pekin ducks.

G. F. Pollock, Skyland, Va., timber rattlesnake.

Harry B. Ragland, Washington, D. C., groundhog.

John L. Reh, Washington, D. C., alligator.

Loyd Reichard, Waynesboro, Pa., Florida pine snake, indigo snake, horn snake,,
coral snake, grass snake or legless lizard.

A. G. Rhinehart, Washington, D. C., 3 horned lizards.

Ringling Bros.-Barnum & Bailey Circus, Indian elephant.

Norman Rovzar, Washington, D. C., garter snake.

Louis Ruhe, Inc., New York City, 5 mangrove snakes.

Mrs. Russell, Takoma Park, Md., opossum.

K. A. Ryerson, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., spiny-tailed
anolis.

Edward S. Schmid, Washington, D. C., 7 magpies, 2 marmosets, ostrich.

Mrs. Schribner, Washington, D. C., ring-necked pheasant.

Wilson Smith, Washington, D. C., vinegarone or whip scorpion.

R. E. Stadelman, Tela, Honduras, 12 Lepidophyma lizards.

Charles Stebbins, Washington, D. C., gray fox.

Miss Stewart, Washington, D. C., 2 grass paroquets.

A. J. Stout, Washington, D. C., red-crowned parrot.

Andrew Tenley, Washington, D. C., raccoon.

L. E. Thrift, Woodbridge, Va., barred owl.

Dr. Tytus Ulke, Washington, D. C., tree frog.

United States National Museum, Washington, D. C., hybrid canary.

Guy Van Dyne, St. Petersburg, Fla., Florida diamond-back rattlesnake.

Robert Wallace, Washington, D. C., red-tailed hawk, Florida king snake, 3 water
snakes, garter snake, blacksnake.

Lester Walters, Washington, D. C., barn owl.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 49

Mrs. Charles» Warren, Washington, D. C., orange-cheeked wax-bill, Swainson’s
bronzed mannikin.

H. F. Watson, Washington, D. C., alligator.

HK. H. Wood, Parksville, 8. C., 61 Florida cooters, 10 painted turtles.

W. B. Wood, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., 2 horned lizards.

Maj. G. R. Young, Portsmouth, Va., bald eagle.

Source unknown: 3 Reeve’s pheasants.

Exchanges.—A concave-casque hornbill was obtained from Louis
Ruhe, Inc., New York City. From the South Australian Acclimatiza-
tion Park, Adelaide, Australia, were received an elegant paroquet, 2
Bourke’s paroquets, 2 Cape Barren geese, a blue-tongued lizard, a
monitor, and 2 vulpine phalangers.

Purchases.—Important purchases during the year at prices that
made them practically gifts were 3 white-lipped peccaries from R. E.
Stadelman, Tela, Honduras; the rare Komodo dragon from Lawrence
Griswold and William Harkness, New York City; and a maned wolf,
collected in South America by Dr. S. A. Daveron, Baltimore, Md.
There was also purchased an aard-vark and a gerenuk, the first of
their kind ever exhibited in the park.

Births —There were 40 mammals born and 19 birds hatched in the
park during the year. These include the following:

MAMMALS

Scientific name Common name No.
J Saar aORETEEY Oto Thay sie ome en DD ET OnE ne eee AOuUud adie oiyse lee ene let 1
ISS SAS BS ISS EaPas e ONSaa Ie ge eeat e pt S HAST She Tr is ail eS Na 3
NSIS COMMA OTS Tn ees ya i a Cah ak American bison____----__—- 2
Bubalus bubalis______----_- Eeuisn ens user es 2 Indian buffalos:-24224228"" I
Wenvusyelunyaicell seu oe RE a ee ae Barasingha deer__-----_- mh il
Wamardanmnsa2 ose vo si cee: 1 ae De eau gey a8 in Ge allow deere oe ass sae aad 5
IDXolhivelocotinsy [ORME EXONCU CE a Se Lk Rigs bane Pavagonian, Caviye eee as 2
Wolichotistsalimicolas-w N22 Shes ee ee DD wreath: Cav Ves eon 4
Hauusequavcachapmaniae. so! y2eeee eats * Chapman’s zebra_-__--_---- 1
AEPSNTS RONG eg tee kas ee A bla at WL SNA el cl Een OF Pn aR CS, SSE a 2
Hemtrasus jemlahicus_..22.----.--5-+.22_- Tahras sa" SEA ASEAN ESE GOES. 2
Hoyelaphus porcinuss =- 22 oe Hog deer? oe aa LMTEy PASIAN 1
Misra lehin ae ee i Sesh SON ot ne eS Ce ak DEVS ae EN ES NEA fae 1
NMAicropUSEE Unis! ses ee ey sas tra rs Great red kangaroo-------- 1
Odocoileus virginianus- _--_---------------- Virginia’ deers22 2. 222 e* 28 we 3
Owisveanadensisi2.= -- 222 4 ee ML es Waals Rocky Mountain sheep-_-_--_ 1
CrvisreNLOMACUS a mye sea as ee ee INTO Ieee Bonnie TEC ane 2
Sikesy ANS OOM ee lee oe el Att ie eid oa Japanese deer___ 22 22222. - 6
Winstistoyas Mele Ne IL Eales EA RUGE S RU AG IA Alaska Peninsula bear__-__-_ 1

BIRDS

BAMiaeAm AG CINSTSee tise eel at Byway Na besten @amad aye OoOsene ayaa ae apa 10
Genmaeus SwimbOoeciee awe ns Woy ie oes ye Swinhoe’s pheasant _-_--—--_ -- 1
Gitereapeionxy Goirrmorac eo mumel eB ty oe Ibis Ghydonid) aaa ea 1
TESA GIEL (SU aT (RUST UN lea Le al ps aed a Pesto yils Nap armies Ua BSA 2

TREO yen CANO IS Lie ee ee VAS oveesy steel oy oe ek NR ie oe i 5

10) ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1934

REMOVALS

Deaths.—A large anaconda which had been in the collection since
July 25, 1917, died October 10, 1933, from a tumor. A South African
buffalo and an inyala died during the year. The inyala was the
only specimen of its kind on exhibit in the United States.

ANIMALS IN COLLECTION THAT HAD NOT PREVIOUSLY BEEN EXHIBITED

MAMMALS

Scientific name Common name
Chirnysocyon-julbata= 2. iy. eS soe Se Maned wolf.
PAtoeranlup wallenis 3.00 - See et Te eee Gerenuk, or giraffe gazelle.
OrycteropUS Spe >< <6. 4. 2 Le Aard-vark
Presbyteshobscura--2@ !. Set BU Pte eens Dusky or crested langur.

BIRDS
Neéopicniatbotrkive Outi) tie AG Bourke’s paroquet.
Spheniséus, demersus.. 2) 24) bee 7) eS oes Jackass penguin.
REPTILES

Anolis ;cuyiesi. J o7ueies 5 be ang Fig _ Spiny or saw-tailed anolis.
Wairamilis sKOMMOC OC SISS 255 = =. eee eee Komodo dragon.

Statement of the collection

[Accessions]
Pre- Received Pur- On
sented | BP |inexchange| chased | deposit | Total
104
201
391
16
24
5
30
1
772
Anjmals.on-hand July 1, bOgseou — 8 252 2 ee eee leis ees 2, 496
A¢cessions during the years! 202-2 feo eek ee ee 772
Total animals in collection during year:-.-- = =.=-_.- oases 3, 268
Removed from collection by death, exchange, and return of animals on
GODOSIG 255 542 abe ye DE eet ee ee 2 a Bh ye 1, 030
In-collection Jiune.30) 108425 5. see a ee ee 2, 238
Status of collection
: Individ- : Individ-
Species Tale Species “ale
Misinaiat nist nero aes aera 172 495)||Mmnsects2a_ i412. oe tak. See 1 40
TEST C1 Ss mee eg rp 328 1510283) |\Creistaceams sea. nano 1 1
Reptiles see aa as. UL EC Lene 147 OZOR | WNOMUSKG2 aes a eee 1 5
Aina ol aul ova SUES eS oe 24 69 =—— |=
Mishese meee = il beninanh 2 12 31 76 Total__- Rete 707 2, 238
Arachnids- _-__- Ast eset 2 4

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 51

There are fewer individuals in the list of the collection than last
year. Because of the crowded conditions no attempt has been made
to replace losses in certain groups that cannot be properly exhibited,
and numbers of fish, amphibia, and other very transient individuals
have not been listed.

The quality of the collection, however, is greatly improved, and
the park is exhibiting an unusual number of rare and interesting
species.

Visitors

idly) cane ah ae a ge ee PARIS CLOG) || IY eye) avs erty Sh ee 70, 200
PRUOMS Crinee s wasene MELISS AED ZOU OE On| NPT es Sree coal er ee wen 999, 496
September ts! #22 $yL 5) se 270) 90002 May so GS ip eo ee Ses 286, 800
Octobers pest so) sae ee 26S CA OON zine se ee es ee ee 243, 020
INovembersie= 22 42 oes f 103, 600 —_—_——_—.
December. 222.2252 525-4 99, 600 Total visitors for

MaMUATypes eee ee SIE ee 84, 750 Via eee ha ape 2, 978, 041
Hebnuaryess2 ee ha eS 21, 150

The attendance of organizations, mainly classes of students, of
which there is definite record, was 34,445 from. 586 different schools
in 20 States and the District of Columbia, as follows:

Number of} Number of Number of|Number of
State persons | parties State persons | parties

Connecticute-22— 22 232 4 || New Jersey_-_-------------- 2, 810 42
Welaware- 2222. 22.U022 2225. 263 al NIG Wa sOn Kee eee 2, 798 21
District of Columbia__---_--- 8,173 151 || North Carolina_______------ 552 14
Geoneiaestsse ss 2. ee 26 1 |) North Dakota___-_---------- 43 1
MMO ISH oe eee ek 106 iL We@ NT Oe Ee Ae Se es 2 905 iG
IMiaine ts oe We to 155 3 || Pennsylvania___--_--------- 7, 305 125
Manylandes 22222222 sao aeee 6, 773 106 |} South Carolina___---------- 82 a
Massachusetts_-_------------ 229 @ ||) Argon a 3, 699 80
Michiganess soo eer eee 287 4 || West Virginia__-__---------- 420 8
IVMSSOUnIM NY peek Ee eee ss 164 1 ————————————
New Hampshire___--------- 22 1 To taliss2 = 22k Seek 34, 445 586

_ Observations of the numbers of automobiles from the District of
@olumbia and ‘the different States ‘and countries has led to the taking
of a census each day of the cars actually parked in the park at one
time. From a total of about 35,000 cars it has been ascertained that
approximately 50 percent are from the District of Columbia, the re-
mainder including cars from every State in the Union, besides several
from each of the following possessions and countries: Alaska, Canal
Zone, Hawaii, Canada, and Panama.

IMPROVEMENTS

No funds were available for the construction of buildings, but for
the period July 1 to November 21, minor repairs to structures, paint-
ing, repairing walks, improving the grounds by needed clearing, plant-
ing, making fills, and sodding, were carried out with labor furnished
by the Work Planning and Job Assignment Committee of the District.

52 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1934

Beginning in November activities were considerably expanded
when the C. W. A. took over the supplying of labor, both skilled and
unskilled, and some money was made available for the purchase of
materials to be used on the projects. This permitted the undertaking
of a considerable volume of urgently needed work which could not be
previously attempted. The more outstanding repairs and improve-
ments undertaken with C. W. A. materials are as follows:

Project no.

1. Construction of brick smokestack at bird house to replace the metal one that
was in very bad condition.

2. Replacing old and unsatisfactory frame structure by a series of stone shelters
and new fence for antelope and wild sheep.

8. Construction of large cage at bird house to house Andean condors and lammer-
geyers.

4. Grading of the wild-horse exhibition area and construction of shelters and
paddocks.

5. Replacing an unsafe wooden floor in the lion house with a concrete-terrazzo
floor.

6. Putting brick foundation under warehouse no. 2 to replace a badly decayed
wood foundation.

8. Laying 6-inch water main into the Director’s office and installing fire hydrant,
near office.

11. Construction of one-fourth mile of 18-foot service road from the silver gull
cage to the bird house.

12. Grading, sodding, and protecting banks that were eroding, and otherwise
improving the grounds. ,

13. Revising of a topographic map of the National Zoological Park.

15. Arranging and indexing file of blueprints and maps in Director’s office.

16. Cataloging and arranging Zoo library.

18. Completing preparation of plans and specifications for a small mammal house.

20. Revision of plans for the completion of the bird house.

30. Minor construction, improvements, and repairs, consisting of painting, re-
pairing, improving or replacing minor buildings, cages, fences, pools, pipes,
drainage and electric lines, etc., and resurfacing, improving and extending
roads, walks, trails, bridle paths, and grounds.

Bad winter weather conditions seriously delayed the progress of
the work. This left many of the jobs incomplete when the work sud-
denly terminated March 31, 1934. However, from April 1, to June
30 a limited amount of unskilled labor was assigned under the Work
Planning and Job Assignment Committee. During this period efforts
were devoted to the finishing up of the jobs that had been undertaken
under the C. W. A. and on June 30 all had been completed or practi-
cally completed with the exception of the lion house floor, the moun-
tain-sheep mountain, and a small stone house for hardy animals.

Much ground improvement work was carried on. In the spring
the grounds improvement work was continued by the making of fills,
siding banks that were eroding, planting of grass seed, shrubs, and
trees, and a cleaning of the lawns of weeds that had become established
over a long period of years and were doing serious damage.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 53

Much still remains to be done in the way of repairs and small im-
provements such as the reroofing or rebuilding of small structures,
replacement of paddock fences that are in bad condition, construction
of pools, paddocks, and cages, and miscellaneous repairs.

All District officials with whom contact was had in the course of

the C. W. A. and Emergency Relief operations have been most help-
ful and relations have been pleasant at all times, and to their splendid
cooperation a large proportion of the success attained in the work can
be attributed. At the close of the fiscal year it is the understanding
that a limited amount of labor will continue to be available to the
park, and the plans contemplate a continuance of similar activities to
such extent as the character of labor and amount of materials available |
will permit.
_ Through the kind help of Capt. H. F. Clark and other District
officials, steel was obtained from the Aqueduct Bridge that was being
demolished, second-hand bricks from old buildings being razed, and
new bricks from the Occoquan plant of the District. A number of
trees and shrubs were acquired through the kindness of Clifford
Lanham, superintendent of trees and parking.

NEEDS OF THE ZOO

These remain as in previous years. No important construction
of exhibition buildings has been possible.

The park itself is second to none in natural beauty. The two good
buildings, the bird house and the reptile house, are widely and favor-
ably known throughout the United States and, in fact, among z0o
enthusiasts throughout the world. The other buildings are quite as
widely known and the subject of unfavorable criticism by all who have
interest in and knowledge of zoological parks.

It has been shown that the number of visitors has greatly increased.
They ceme from every State in the Union, and from throughout the
world. It is felt that the interest in the National Zoo and the benefit
derived from it by these visitors warrants the completion of the entire
program that has been submitted year after year.

By comparison with work being done in other zoos we believe
these requests to be entirely reasonable, considering the Zoo not
only as a national institution but as one suitable for such a city as _
Washington, D.C.

During the present year the appropriation has been $180,000.
Nearly 3,000,000 persons have visited the Zoo. It can be seen that
the cost per visitor is trivial. The one desire is to have exhibition
quarters so that the animals may be properly housed and displayed.

Respectfully submitted.

W.M. Mann, Director.

Dr. C. G. Axszor,

Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.

APPENDIX 7
REPORT ON THE ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY

Str: I have the honor to submit the following report on the activi-.
ties of the Astrophysical Observatory for the fiscal year ending
June 30, 1934:

This observatory comprises: (a) The central station at Washing-
ton where apparatus is made and standardized; where reports are
computed, written, and published; where preparations for expedi-
tions are made; and where a general oversight is maintained of the
field stations. (b) A station on Mount Wilson near Pasadena, Calif.,
where brief expeditions for special researches go from time to time.
(c) A station on Table Mountain near Swartout, Calif., where daily
observations of the solar constant of radiation are carried on. (d) A
similar solar-constant station on Mount Montezuma, near Calama,
Chile. (e) A similar station on Mount St. Katherine near Mount
Sinai, Egypt. These stations are supported principally by annual
Government appropriations, but in a considerable part by private
funds.

WORK AT WASHINGTON

Messrs. Aldrich and Fowle and Mrs. Bond completed the statis-
tical analysis of the observations made at Mount Montezuma since
1932. Thereby an improved method of reduction was worked up,
which is now in regular use at Montezuma. Increased accuracy
over the former method has resulted.

Mr. Fowle’s revision of the Smithsonian Physical Tables has been
published as the Eighth Revised Edition, greatly enlarged. Much
favorable comment has come regarding it.

Director Abbot, with the assistance of Mrs. Bond, has continued
the study of solar variation with reference to weather changes.
Several papers thereon have been published.

With the assistance of A. Kramer, mechanician, and Messrs.
Clark and McAlister of the Division of Radiation and Organisms,
Messrs. Abbot and Aldrich prepared an expedition to Mount Wilson
for the summer of 1934. The accomplishments of this successful
expedition will be reported in 1935.

WORK IN THE FIELD

The station at Table Mountain reported daily by telegraph the
solar-constant values obtained. These were communicated to
Science Service for daily international broadcasting.

54

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 55

The station at Mount Montezuma made daily observations. They
were not communicated daily, as formerly, until after the revised
method above referred to was finished. This was not until after the
close of the period covered by this report.

By the generosity of John A. Roebling, a new station on Mount
St. Katherine near Mount Sinai, Egypt, was occupied. By coopera-
tion of His Eminence the Archbishop Porphyrio III, the buildings,
consisting of the observatory and a nearby dwelling and shop, and the
approaches thereto over the excessively rough mountain were built
by the St. Katherine Monastery. The monastery also undertakes
to carry forward the supplies by camel train from Tor on the
Red Sea.

The station is at an elevation of about 8,500 feet in a wildly moun-
tainous region, destitute of vegetation and almost destitute of rain-
fall. It is difficultly accessible. The staff comprises H. H. Zodtner,
with wife and two infant children, and F. A. Greeley. Observations
were begun in December 1933 and have proceeded regularly. It is
yet too soon to be sure how satisfactory the meteorological conditions
will prove, but while the station is not equal to Mount Montezuma,
it is believed to be superior to Table Mountain in this respect.

PERSONNEL

No changes have occurred from last year’s list, except that Wilson
R. Maltby succeeded Walter Watson, Jr., as assistant at Mount
Montezuma on June 23, 1933, Mr. Watson reporting as assistant at
Table Mountain.

SUMMARY

A revised method of reduction of solar-constant observations
has been completed and applied at Mount Montezuma, resulting in
improved accuracy. The Eighth Revised Edition of the Smithsonian
Physical Tables, prepared by Mr. Fowle and greatly enlarged over
previous editions, has been published. Much progress has been
made in the study of the relations of solar variation to the weather.
Daily solar-constant values have been broadcast. A new solar-
constant observatory has been established at Mount St. Katherine,
near Mount Sinai, Egypt.

Respectfully submitted.

C. G. Assot, Director.

The SECRETARY,

Smithsonian Institution.

APPENDIX 8

REPORT ON THE DIVISION OF RADIATION AND
ORGANISMS

Sir: Lhave the honor to submit the following report on the activities
of the Division of Radiation and Organisms during the year ending
June 30, 1934:

The work of the year has been very fruitful. It was supported as
heretofore largely by a special grant from the Research Corporation of
New York. There has been no change in personnel excepting the
resignation of Miss Virginia Stanley, typist secretary, and the substi-
tution, part time, of Miss Ruth MacManus.

Most of the experiments of the Division are done with electric lights.
Mr. Hoover continued measurements on the absorption of carbon
dioxide from the air by wheat plants under the influence of radiation.
Using the Christiansen filters prepared by Messrs. McAlister and Clark
as described in last year’s report, Mr. Hoover was able to grow wheat
i rays comprising narrow bands of nearly homogeneous radiation of
various wave lengths between the ultraviolet and the infrared spectral
regions. These rays were of measured intensity; the temperature,
humidity, and chemical food of the plants were standardized; and the
absorption of carbon dioxide was recorded by automatic apparatus.
The results obtained were checked by growth experiments under
strictly monochromatic rays produced by the mercury are.

As a result a well-determined curve of photosynthesis, risimg from
zero in the ultraviolet, reaching maxima at about 4400 and 6400
angstroms, and descending to zero in the infrared, has been deter-
mined.

Dr. McAlister assisted Mr. Hoover and the other members of the
staff in many physical manipulations, standardizations, and measure-
ments. He also, in cooperation with Dr. Wright, of the Department
of Agriculture, carried through a long series of measurements on the
effect of radiation on worm eggs. He also worked out for Director
Abbot the elements ofa set of Christiansen filters covering the region
3300 to 10300 angstroms for use in stellar spectrum measurements at
Mount Wilson. With Dr. F.S. Brackett he made much progress in
the development of powerful apparatus for visible and infrared absorp-
tion spectral investigations.

Dr. E. 8. Johnston, besides having immediate charge of the Divi-
sion, conducted growth experiments with special radiation on toma-

56

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 57

toes. He also repeated and published measurements on phototropism
in oat coleoptiles. These measurements are of such extreme accuracy
in indicating the relations of sensitiveness of bending to wave length
that the curve seems to be accurate in much of its length to less than 2
percent. Dr. Johnston also carried through in the open sunlight a
series of experiments to determine the influence on wheat of modifying
the supply of carbon dioxide. The results are exceptionally striking
and will form a paper in the Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections.

Dr. Florence E. Meier continued experimental studies of the influ-
ence of different colored rays on the multiplication of the alga Chilo-
rella vulgaris. Further check experiments are contemplated. She
published results on the lethal action of ultraviolet rays on various
algae. .

L. B. Clark made up many valuable designs of glass and electrical
appliances for all members of the staff and also for the staff of the
Astrophysical Observatory. His technical skill and wise counsel in
these fields were indispensable.

Dr. F. 8. Brackett, part-time consulting physicist, made progress
in preparing apparatus for absorption spectral investigations, and
designed therefor very ingenious devices. Much of his time, however,
was absorbed in the preparation of an important technical monograph
on radiation measurements, to be published under the auspices of the
National Research Council. Dr. Brackett’s experience in such work
makes this contribution of extreme value.

Respectfully submitted,

C. G. Aszot, Director.

The Srcretary,

Smithsonian Institution.

APPENDIX 9
REPORT ON THE LIBRARY

Str: I have the honor to submit the following report on the activi-
ties of the Smithsonian library for the fiscal year ended June 30,
1934.

THE LIBRARY

The various libraries of the Smithsonian, which have come into
being one by one since 1846 to meet the developing needs of the
Institution and its affiliated Government bureaus, comprise a library
system of well over 800,000 volumes, pamphlets, and charts. Its
chief unit is, of course, the Smithsonian deposit in the Library of
Congress; next in size and importance are the libraries of the United
States National Museum and the Bureau of American Ethnology.
The other units are the libraries of the Astrophysical Observatory,
Freer Gallery of Art, National Gallery of Art, National Zoological
Park, the Langley aeronautical library, Smithsonian office library,
radiation and organisms library, and the 35 working libraries in the
offices of the curators of the National Museum. Together they form
a cooperative system, with the deposit as the great central collection,
which, while to some extent more or less general in character, is for
the most part closely related to the special interests of the Institution
and its branches.

CHANGES IN PERSONNEL

On July 1, 1933, Leonard C. Gunnell, formerly assistant in charge
of the United States Bureau of the International Catalogue of Scien-
tific Literature (discontinued on June 30, 1933) was made an assistant
librarian and was assigned to certain bibliographical projects. Mrs.
M. Landon Reed, who had been a clerk for some years in the corre-
spondence division, retired the middle of the year, and her position
was filled by the transfer of Miss Josephine A. McDevitt from the
Bureau of the International Catalogue of Scientific Literature.

EXCHANGE OF PUBLICATIONS

The Smithsonian library has been built up partly—in the early
days—by the operation of the copyright law, partly by purchase and
vift, but chiefly by the exchange of the publications of the Institution
and those of its official branches for the publications of other learned
institutions and societies and for various scientific and technical
journals. During the fiscal year just closed the library received

58

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 59

22,020 packages, each containing one or more publications. Of
these, 20,044 came by mail and 1,976 through the International
Exchange Service, which is administered by the Smithsonian. EHs-
pecially generous sendings were received from the Académie Malgache,
Tananarive; the Deutsche Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften und
Kiinste fiir die Tschechoslowakische Republik, Prag; the Elisha
Mitchell Scientific Society, Chapel Hill; the Fiirstlich Jablonowskische
Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, Leipzig; the Historische-Anti-
quarische Gesellschaft, Basel; the Societatea de Stiinte din Cluj,
Cluj; the Société Scientifique du Chili, Santiago; the Société Zoolo-
gique de France, Paris; the Société des Amis de |’Université de
Strasbourg, Strasbourg; and the Wochenschrift fiir Aquarien und
Terrarienkunde, Braunschweig. Four of these went far toward com-
pleting important sets in the Smithsonian deposit and six in the
library of the National Museum. Among the exchange items were
7,776 dissertations from the universities of Basel, Berlin, Bern, Bonn,
Breslau, Budapest, Cornell, Erlangen, Freiburg, Giessen, Greifswald,
Halle, Heidelberg, Helsingfors, Jena, Johns Hopkins, Kiel, Kénigs-
berg, Kéln, Leipzig, Liége, Lund, Marburg, Neuchatel, Pennsylvania,
Rostock, Strasbourg, Tiibingen, Utrecht, Wiirzburg, and Ziirich, the
Academy of Freiberg, and:technical schools at Berlin, Braunschweig,
Dresden, Karlsruhe, and Ziirich. The number of letters written by
the library was 2,482, most of which had to do with its exchange
activities, its reference work for outside correspondents, and its
acknowledgment of gifts. It obtained 4,114 volumes and parts in
response to special requests from the various libraries of the Institu-
tion. It entered into 238 new exchanges, more than one-half of which
were in the interest of the libraries of the National Museum and
National Gallery of Art. It may be added that most of these pub-
lications were obtained and most of the new exchanges arranged for
without drawing further on the stock of Smithsonian publications.
It should also be said in passing that steps were taken late in the year
to increase this supply, as well as that of the National Museum, very
materially when the library staff, in collaboration with members of
the division of publications, sorted and sent back to stock thousands
of pieces—-many of them out of print—that had been returned as
duplicates from libraries throughout the country. This is the
second joint effort of the kind during the last 2 years and each has
both added substantially to the publications available for exchange
distribution and brought to light hundreds that were needed in the
regular library sets.
GIFTS

The gifts were numerous. ‘They included a set, in 15 folio volumes,
of the Raccolta di Documenti e Studi Pubblicati dalla R. Commis-
sione Colombiana per Quarto Centenario dalla Scoperta dell’ America,

60 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1934

issued at Rome in 1892-96 under the auspices of the Ministry of
Public Instruction, from Otto H. F. Vollbehr; Algemeene en Byzon-
dere Natuurlyke Historie (1773), in 17 volumes, by Comte de Buffon,
from Morris M. Green; Cowboy Scrap Books, in 3 volumes, by L. Fred
Foster, from John Hi Foster and Louise T. Foster Ramer; 22 books on
cycling and the bicycling era in England and America, from Albert
E. Schaaf; 19, publications on archeology, by Louis Speleers, from
the author; Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, volumes
1-19, from G. H. Snow; Journal of Osteopathy, 179 volumes and parts,
from H. E. Litton, editor; The Birds of Tropical West Africa, volume
3, by David Armitage Bannerman, from the Crown Agents for the Col-
onies; Lectures, Selected Papers, Addresses, by Cyrus Adler, from the
author; Teneriffe: An Astronomer’s Experiment, by C. Piazzi Smyth,
from John C. Bridwell; Some Aeronautical Music from the Collection
of Bella C. Landauer, from Mrs. Landauer; Harry Wearne: a Short
Account of His Life and Work, with 63 Reproductions of His Designs
in Full Color, from Harry Wearne, Inc.; Historic House Museums
(2 copies), from the American Association of Museums; The Folger
Shakespeare Library, from the Trustees of Amherst College; The
Reconstruction of Tokyo (2 copies), from Mayor Torataro Ushizukas;
The Elephant, 2 volumes, by Etsujiro Sunamoto, from the author—
the second copy presented by him; Navaho Weaving: Its Technic and
History, by Charles Avery Amsden, from Frederick W. Hodge;
Cave Life of Kentucky, by Vernon Bailey, from the author; The
Earth Upsets, by Chase Salmon Osborn, from the author; Indo-China:
a Sportsman’s Opportunity, by Archibald Harrison, from Francis
Burton Harrison; Japan and America: a Journey and a Political
Survey, by Henry W. Taft, from the author; Ruf, Haight, Eddy,
Sumner, Hatch, and Allied Families, from Mrs. Alpha H. Ruf; The
Benedicts Abroad, by Clare Benedict, from the author; Siam: Nature
and Industry, and Siam: General and Medical Features, from Hugh
M. Smith; The Development of the Peace Idea and Other Essays, by
Benjamin F. Trueblood, from Mrs. Benjamin F. Trueblood; Le Livre
d’Or de Victor Hugo . . . par des Ecrivains Contemporains, from the
Biblioteca Nacional, Buenos Aires.. Among the gifts, too, were three
important ethnological works from the library of her late brother,
Daniel Folkmar, from Mrs. Etta F. Winter; a letter from R. R. Wal-
dron to Sarah J. Hale on the U. S. Exploring Expedition (Wilkes),
from Charles B. Hale; and several publications of a miscellaneous
character, from Haydn T. Giles. Other gifts included 789 publica-
tions from the Library of Congress, 373 from the American Association
for the Advancement of Science, 447 from the American Association
of Museums, 563 from the Bureau of American Ethnology, 25 from
the Anthropological Society of Washington, and several from the
Geophysical Laboratory. Gifts were also received from Secretary

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 61

Abbot, Assistant Secretary Wetmore, Mrs. Charles D. Walcott, R. S.
Bassler, E. A. Chapin, A. H. Clark, W. L. Corbin, W. F. Foshag, R.
Kellogg, W. R. Maxon, G. S. Miller, Jr., G.S. Myers, A. J. Olmsted,
M. J. Rathbun, H. Rehder, and F. M. Setzler.

SMITHSONIAN DEPOSIT

The Smithsonian deposit is the original and main library of the
Institution. In 1866 this collection, then numbering 40,000, was
transferred to the Library of Congress, where it has been increased to
about 530,000 by regular sendings from the Smithsonian. Although
on many subjects, the collection is concerned chiefly with the natural
sciences and technology. It is especially complete in its files of the
reports, proceedings, and transactions of learned societies and institu-
tions, both American and foreign, and of scientific and technical jour-
nals and monographs.

During the past year the additions to the deposit from the Institu-
tion totaled 2,851 volumes, 9,596 parts of volumes, 5,185 pamphlets,
and 15 charts. They included 5,973 dissertations. Many documents
of foreign governments, addressed to the Institution but intended for -
the documents division of the Library of Congress, continued to come,
especially by mail, to the Smithsonian library. They were forwarded
promptly. The number of publications sent to the deposit in re-
sponse to special requests was 2,255. Most of these were obtained
on the basis of exchanges already established; many more than usual
were found in the west stacks of the Institution as the result of the
progress made during the year by the library staff, assisted by several
competent C. W. A. employees, in organizing the collection of
duplicates.

NATIONAL MUSEUM LIBRARY

The library of the United States National Museum was increased:
during the year by 14,842 publications, or 2,158 volumes, 11,699
parts of volumes, 965 pamphlets, and 20 charts. The library now
numbers 86,738 volumes and 111,713 pamphlets. Among the acces-
sions 1,593 were found in the Smithsonian duplicate collection, or
received in response to special-request letters; 505 were obtained by
transfer from the Library of Congress, and 77 by exchange from the
Public Library of the District of Columbia. Many of the others were
given by members of the scientific staff. The library prepared several
hundred volumes for the bindery but, owing to lack of funds, was able
to send only 128. The staff entered 11,731 periodicals, cataloged
3,111 publications, added 25,925 cards to the catalogs and shelf lists,
filed 6,160 cards of the Concilium Bibliographicum, sorted and assigned
to the sectional libraries thousands of others of this series, filed 463
cards of the Wistar Institute, and made 9,972 loans to the curators and
their assistants and 110 to other libraries. They also sent 5,310

62 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1934
3

publications to the sectional libraries of the Museum. They borrowed
2,553 from the Library of Congress and 570 elsewhere, and returned
2,600 to the Library of Congress and 592 to other libraries. They
advanced materially the reorganization of the technological library, ~
where important changes in physical equipment occurred during the
year. They also rendered the usual reference and informational sery-
ice to scientists both inside and outside the Institution and to the
general public.

The sectional libraries were unchanged. With the aid of a number
of C. W. A. employees, the staff made considerable progress in
cataloging their collections. These 35 libraries are as follows:

Administration Invertebrate paleontology
Administrative assistant’s office Mammals

Agricultural history Marine invertebrates
Anthropology Medicine

Archeology Minerals

Biology Mollusks

Birds Organic chemistry
Botany Paleobotany
Echinoderms | Photography

Editor’s office Physical anthropology
Engineering Property clerk’s office
Ethnology Reptiles and batrachians
Fishes Superintendent’s office
Foods Taxidermy

Geology Textiles

Graphic Arts Vertebrate paleontology
History ; Wood technology
Insects

OFFICE LIBRARY

The office library consists of works of general reference, the publica-
tions of the Smithsonian and its branches, as well as of certain other
learned institutions and societies, and many books and periodicals of
more or less popular interest, including the collection once known as
the “employees’ library.’’ In it, too, is the newly organized rare-book
collection. The accessions for the last fiscal year were 173 volumes,
732 parts of volumes, and 19 pamphlets. The number of volumes
bound was 100. The staff made 2,562 periodical entries, prepared 828
cards for the union catalog and 355 for the catalog of the technological
library, filed 1,505 cards, mounted 847 aeronautical clippings in
continuation of one of the projects begun under the C. W. A., an-
swered 181 reference questions, loaned 2,765 publications, and
received 2,439 visitors.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY LIBRARY

The library of the Bureau of American Ethnology has to do mainly
with the history, life, and culture of the early peoples of the Americas,
especially the Indians of North America. Besides the 30,701 volumes

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 63

and 17,095 pamphlets in the collection, there are several Indian vocab-
ularies and many manuscripts and photographs. The accessions in
1934 were 310 volumes and 102 pamphlets, most of which were
obtained in exchange for the publications of the Bureau. The
number of cards added to the catalog was 3,840, and of periodicals
entered 3,130. The loans were 980.

ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY LIBRARY

The library of the Astrophysical Observatory contains 4,567 vol-
umes and 3,828 pamphlets, chiefly on astrophysics and meteorology.
It was increased in 1934 by 80 volumes, 102 pamphlets, and 14 charts.
The number of periodicals entered was 1,216, of cards added to tne
catalog 647, and of volumes bound 60. The loans numbered 254.

RADIATION AND ORGANISMS LIBRARY

The additions to the library of the division of radiation and organ-
isms were 7 volumes, 236 parts of volumes, and 2 pamphlets. The
collection now numbers 201 volumes, 12 pamphlets, and 6 charts.

LANGLEY AERONAUTICAL LIBRARY

The Langley aeronautical library, which since 1930 has been, for the
most part, deposited, under its own name and bookplate, in the
aeronautical division of the Library of Congress, received additions,
as usual, during 1934 from the Smithsonian Institution. These
totaled 581 publications—or 24 volumes, 521 parts of volumes, 12
pamphlets, and 24 charts—which increased the library to 1,978
volumes, 1,128 pamphlets, and 29 charts. Most of the rare items in
the collection once belonged to Samuel Pierpont Langley, or to one
of his well-known collaborators in aeronautics, especially Alexander
Graham Bell, Octave Chanute, and James Means. In the library
are sets of the early aeronautical periodicals and many valuable
photographs and letters. There is also a mass of newspaper clippings.
Classification of the clippings was begun during the year as one of the
C. W. A. projects. It is being continued by a member of the Smith-
sonian library staff.

NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART LIBRARY

During the year the library of the National Gallery of Art was given
more attention than usual by the regular staff, which was assisted
for a few weeks by one of the C. W. A. workers. At the close of the
year the collection numbered 2,131 volumes and 1,724 pamphlets,
having been increased by 453 volumes and 215 pamphlets. Many of
the additions were purchased; while 284 were received by transfer
from the Library of Congress, and 16 from the library of the National
Museum. The checking of the serial sets was continued, and missing

64 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1934

numbers were reported to the correspondence division of the Smith-
sonian library, with the result that 131 were obtained in exchange.
The staff entered 1,247 periodicals. They catalogued 1,003 publica-
tions, classified 459, and added 7,675 cards to the catalog and shelf
list, 3,725 of which they withdrew from the Museum files, where, for
lack of adequate help, they had been obliged to leave them—many
at least—since the days when the Gallery was a section of the National
Museum and its library one of the Museum’s sectional collections.
This work of reorganization has increased materially the usefulness
of the library as a reference tool in the activities of the Gallery. It
will be continued as trained assistants can be spared from their
duties elsewhere. The need of a full-time junior librarian in charge of
the collection has become fully apparent, and it is hoped that one can
soon be provided.

FREER GALLERY OF ART LIBRARY

The library of the Freer Gallery of Art has to do largely with the
culture and art of the Far East, India, Persia, and the nearer East.
Among its items are a number of important publications in Chinese
and Japanese, which supplement to a degree those in the oriental
division of the Library of Congress; also various books on American
painters—especially James McNeill Whistler, many of whose works
are in the Gallery—and on the famous fourth- and fifth-century
manuscripts of the Bible, known as the ‘‘ Washington Manuscripts”’,
which are owned by the Freer. The main collection has 4,971 vol-
umes and 3,465 pamphlets. The accessions for the year were 114
volumes and 66 pamphlets. The field collection remained essentially
unchanged, at about 800 volumes and 500 pamphlets. In their effort
to complete the cataloging of the library, the staff made noteworthy
progress. They catalogued 670 volumes and 87 pamphlets, added 2,985
cards to the catalog and shelf list, and prepared 646 cards for the
union catalog at the Smithsonian Institution. They also entered 145
periodicals, sent 22 volumes to the bindery, and rendered the usual
reference service.

NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK LIBRARY

The library of the National Zoological Park received special con-
sideration during the year. The entire collection was sorted, many
items not needed by the Park were transferred to the Smithsonian
Institution, and the rest were cataloged, entered, and arranged in
appropriate rooms of the administration building. In this con-
nection the staff, which consisted chiefly of C. W. A. workers, cata-
loged 2,088 volumes and pamphlets, filed 1,102 pamphlets roughly
according to subject, recorded 1,168 periodicals, added 2,505 cards to
the library catalog and shelf list, and prepared 1,718 others for the

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 65

union catalog at the Smithsonian. The library numbers 1,330
volumes and 1,860 pamphlets. The additions were 108 volumes and
1,450 pamphlets. Among these were 308 publications of the Smith-
sonian Institution and National Museum and 21 parts of the Pro-
ceedings of the Zoological Society of London that were missing from
the sets at the Park. These were obtained from the Smithsonian
library.
SUMMARY OF ACCESSIONS

The accessions for the year, which showed an increase of 3,527 over
1933, may be summarized as follows:

Library Volumes Pamphlets Total

and charts

FNSTELODMYSICaNODSeRVALODY aes = eee eee ee ee eee 80 116 196
Bureau of American Hthnology--._------++-+-.-----.---_+---------- 310 102 412
reere CralleriygOlMAnnG eee see ces en ee tame The WOE re Ae eS 114 66 180
angleye Merona tical 2 42 Se oa Se) roe ae) Sea 24 36 60
INAOM ale allenVvrOleAn tees. Sone ne Le OER Se Rees toes 453 215 668
INT HLO Male AO OLE Cell ae Ts ee en ee 108 1,450 1, 558
IRAGiationrandyOnrsamisiis se eee Coe eee ee eee ese 7 2 9
Smithsonian deposit, Library of Congress.-.----------------------- 2, 851 5, 200 8, 051
SimiGheorienOliCeers eee e eine: Seer Ue Rie Meteo 173 19 192
United States National Museum---_-__------------------------------ 2, 158 985 3, 143

SING ty egUeee pete ala Meas Uh Wag Liat ie os dake he Ie leas WRN aL 6, 278 8, 191 14, 469

At the close of the fiscal year the approximate number of items in
the Smithsonian library system, not including the many thousands
of volumes still uncataloged, unbound, and uncompleted, was as
follows:

Wor wa Sys eh aN Te AIS La a een cs SLE ela aN ah 597, 461
ample tsean tek: a Ata Seek ec s et URES ool eee 2 CEG Re yey Ei a aeae are 209, 586
(Ghat Stee See Are A a ee le Pe Le iva eure raha Pee ear nea sie etek Aye pe ded 26, 699

TIS RE Ses NN) Sia are ea Se ps RS ge DUIS ES ee aa 833, 746

If the exempt items referred to above were included in the count,
together with the collections of reprints in the sectional libraries, the
total would, of course, be much larger.

Cc. W. A. AND OTHER SPECIAL ACTIVITIES

The distinguishing event of the year was the appointment for a
few weeks of 34 C. W. A. workers to assist the library staff. These
employees, trained and experienced for the most part, made notable
progress on the projects assigned to them, which were as follows:
(1) Arranging the duplicate and other unorganized scientific and tech-
nical publications, many in foreign languages, with a view to getting
them ready for the use of the library either in completing its sets or in
obtaining by exchange much needed publications from other libraries;
(2) preserving, putting in order, and making more quickly available
thousands of cataloged volumes and pamphlets on the shelves, by

66 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1934

(a) labeling those without adequate location marks, (b) putting un-
bound pamphlets into binders and lettering them appropriately, and
(c) making minor repairs, such as mending torn pages and tipping in
loose plates; (3) classifying and indexing a large collection of valuable
aeronautical material; (4) cataloging several special collections of
scientific pamphlets; (5) preparing a dictionary catalog of the pub-
lications of the Smithsonian Institution and its affihated bureaus;
(6) making an index of the exchange relations of the library with other
libraries, both American and foreign; and (7) preparing a union dic-
tionary catalog of the publications in the various libraries of the
Institution.

Since the withdrawal of the C. W. A. employees, further progress
has been made on several of these projects by the regular staff, and
one has even been completed to date—namely, the catalog of Smith-
sonian publications. The completing of the rest of the projects, how-
ever, will probably require many years.

Several other important pieces of work were undertaken by the
staff. About 34,000 scientific reprints and pamphlets—many of
much value——were selected from the material in the west stacks of
the Smithsonian Building and distributed to the curators concerned;
the Schoolcraft and Watkins collections were removed from the first
floor of the main building to the second and third floors, thus making
room for the growth of the botanical library; the organization of the
American duplicates and of a large part of tne foreign was finished,
with the result that hundreds of important volumes and parts were
found that were lacking in the standard sets, especially of the Smith-
sonian deposit and the library of the National Museum; nearly 17,000
duplicate and other unwanted publications, mainly in the techno-
logical library, were sorted out and transferred to various Govern-
ment libraries where they would be of use, particularly the Library of
Congress and the libraries of the Department of Agriculture, Geologi-
cal Survey, Bureau of Mines, Office of Education, and Naval Research
Laboratory; many hundred Government documents not needed by
the library were returned to the Superintendent of Documents; about
1,800 dissertations, on medical and allied subjects, were sent to the
library of the Surgeon General; special exchange credit on new publi-
cations essential to the work of the Institution was further built up
by sending of duplicates to Harvard, Yale, Princeton, the University
of Pennsylvania, and the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods
Hole, and a number of valuable items received in partial return; to
meet a need that has become increasingly apparent in recent years in
connection with the detailed study of the collections, a rare book sec-
tion was set aside in the main hall of the Smithsonian Building where,
under lock and key, especially rare and valuable publications can in
the future be shelved; marked progress was made toward completing

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 67

the library’s eight sets of the publications of the Institution and its
bureaus, notably in consequence of the sorting and returning to stock
of a large accumulation of these publications that had been sent back,
as not needed, by college and other libraries throughout the country;
the three files of Library of Congress analytical cards for the publica-
tions of the Institution and its bureaus were practically completed to
date; the librarian sketched a book plate for the libraries of the Insti-
tution—-which was turned into a finished design by the artist of the
Bureau of American Ethnology—showing the unity of the Smith-
sonian library system, as well as the wide variety of the libraries that
comprise it; finally, the union catalog was advanced as follows:

Nolumieskea tale cis wie ieie ie) ta Eee ee sla er ea ak ag 8, 957
Rarpiletsicatalosed aye 220 nw ciay nib os ery ce by ahah eae oy oitent peek 3, 070
AO lictnicmeenalO me Ge mete ae eh ABA a Rae Eig eg 73
Dynedscacde addedt to catalosvand shelfi liste sto 5-4-2) = ee ee G29
Library of Congress cards added to catalog and shelf list__._._._______- 36, 357

Respectfully submitted.
Wiutu1amM L. Corsin, Librarian.
Dr. C. G. ABzor,
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.

APPENDIX 10
REPORT ON PUBLICATIONS

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the publi-
cations of the Smithsonian Institution and the Government branches
under its administrative charge during the year ending June 30,
1934.

The Institution published during the year 31 papers in the series:
of Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 1 annual report and
pamphlet copies of the 22 articles contained in the report appendix,
and 3 special publications. The United States National Museum
issued 1 annual report (published as part 2 of the Report of the
Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution and as a separate there-.
from), 2 complete bulletins, 1 part of a bulletin and 8 separates from
the proceedings. The Bureau of American Ethnology issued 2 annual
reports.

Of these publications, there were distributed 136,091 copies, which
included 104 volumes and separates of the Smithsonian Contribu-.
tions to Knowledge, 59,905 volumes and separates of the Smith-
sonian Miscellaneous Collections, 21,306 volumes and separates of
the Smithsonian Annual Reports, 3,908 Smithsonian special publi-.
cations, 35,127 volumes and separates of the National Museum pub-
lications, 14,761 publications of the Bureau of American Ethnology,
103 publications of the National Gallery of Art, 14 publications of
the Freer Gallery of Art, 40 Annals of the Astrophysical Observatory,
18 reports of the Harriman Alaska Expedition, and 805 reports of
the American Historical Association.

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

Of the Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, volume 85, there
was issued the title page and table of contents; volume 86, title page
and table of contents; volume 87, 3 papers and title page and table
of contents; volume 88, whole volume and title page and table of
contents; volume 89, 10 papers; volume 90, whole volume and
title page and table of contents; volume 91, 15 papers; and volume
92, 1 paper, making 31 papers in all, as follows:

VOLUME 85

Title page and table of contents. (Publ. 3175.)
68

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 69

VOLUME 86
Title page and table of contents. (Publ. 3215.)

VOLUME 87

No. 18. Sun spots and weather, by C. G. Abbot. 10 pp., 5 text figs. (Publ.
‘3226.) November 20, 1933.

No. 19. An Oligocene eagle from Wyoming, by Alexander Wetmore. 9 pp.,
19 text figs. (Publ. 3227.) December 26, 1933.

No. 20. Pliocene bird remains from Idaho, by Alexander Wetmore. 12 pp.,
8 text figs. (Publ. 3228.) December 27, 1933.

Title page and table of contents. (Publ. 3239.)

VOLUME 88

(Whole volume.) Smithsonian Physical Tables, eighth revised edition, pre-
pared by Frederick E. Fowle. 682 pp., 27 text figs. (Publ. 3171.) September
22, 1983. :

Title page and table of contents. (Publ. 3240.)

VOLUME 89

No. 6. The classification of the free-living nematodes and their relation to the
‘parasitic nematodes, by I. N. Filipjev. 63 pp., 8 pls. (Publ. 3216.) March 20,
1934. (Errata sheet issued June 13, 1934.)

No. 7. Evidence of Indian occupancy in Albemarle County, Virginia, by
David I. Bushnell, Jr. 24 pp., 11 pls., 6 text figs. (Publ. 3217.) October 6,
1933.

No. 8. Morphology of the insect abdomen. Part II. The genital ducts and
the ovipositor, by R. E. Snodgrass. 148 pp., 48 text figs. (Publ. 3219.) October
‘20, 1933.

No. 9. New Arctic foraminifera collected by Capt. R. A. Bartlett from Fox
Basin and off the northeast coast of Greenland, by Joseph A. Cushman. 8 pp.,
2pls. (Publ. 3221.) September 30, 1933.

No. 10. Studies of American species of foraminifera of the genus Lepidocyclina,
‘by Thomas Wayland Vaughan. 53 pp., 32 pls. (Publ. 3222.) December 4,
1933.

No. 11. Tertiary larger foraminifera of Venezuela, by Donald Winchester
‘Gravell. 44 pp., 6 pls. (Publ. 3223.) December 9, 1983.

No. 12. Tribal migrations east of the Mississippi, by David I. Bushnell, Jr.
‘9 pp., 4 maps. (Publ. 3217.) March 20, 1934.

No. 13. A systematic classification for the birds of the world, revised and
amended, by Alexander Wetmore. 11 pp. (Publ. 3242.) April 23, 1934.

No. 14. Millipeds of the West Indies and Guiana collected by the Allison V.
Armour Expedition in 1932, by H. F. Loomis. 69 pp., 4 pls., 33 text figs. (Publ.
3244.) May 16, 1934.

No. 15. World weather and solar activity, by H. Helm Clayton. 52 pp., 26
‘text figs. (Publ. 3245.) May 31, 1934.

VOLUME 90

(Whole volume.) World weather records. Continued from volume 79.
1921-1930. Collected from official sources by Dr. G. C. Simpson, Robert C.
Mossman, Sir Gilbert Walker, and Frances L. Clayton. Assembled and ar-
ranged for publication by H. Helm Clayton. Published under grant from John
A. Roebling. (Publ. 3218.) May 18, 1934.

Title page and table of contents. (Publ. 3247.)

70 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1934

VOLUME 91

Reports on the collections obtained by the first Johnson-Smithsonian Deep-Sea
Expedition to the Puerto Rican Deep.

No. 1. Station records of the first Johnson-Smithsonian Deep-Sea Expedition,
by Paul Bartsch. 31 pp., 1 pl., 1 chart. (Publ. 3224.) December 1, 1933.

No. 2. New mollusks of the family Turritidae, by Paul Bartsch. 29 pp., 8
pls. (Publ. 3229.) May 29, 1934.

No. 3. A new crab of the genus Cyclodorippe, by Mary J. Raihbual pm
pl. (Publ. 3230.) February 5, 1934.

No. 4. Two new crinoids, by Austin H. Clark. 5 pp., 2 pls. (Publ. 3231.)
February 7, 1934.

No. 5. A new nematode of the genus Diplotriaena from a Hispaniolan wood-.
pecker, by Everett E. Wehr. 3 pp., 1 text fig. (Publ. 3232.) February 2, 1934.

No. 6. New trematode parasites of birds, by Emmett W. Price. 6 pp., 1 pl.
(Publ. 8233.) February 9, 1934.

No. 7. New digenetic trematodes from marine fishes, by Emmett W. Price.
8 pp., 1 pl. (Publ. 3234.) February 10, 1934.

No. 8. New polychaetous annelids, by Aaron L. Treadwell. 9 pp., 2 pls.
(Publ. 3236.) March 23, 1934.

No. 9. Three new deep-water fishes from the West Indies, by George S. Myers.
12 pp., 1 pl. (Publ. 3238.) April 2, 1934.

No. 10. New brachiopods, by G. Arthur Cooper. 5 pp., 2 pls. (Publ. 3241.)
April 12, 1934.

No. 11. Two new nematodes, by B. G. Chitwood. 4pp.,1 pl. (Publ. 3243.)
April 13, 1934.

No. 12. Three new amphiopods, by Clarence R. Shoemaker. 6 pp., 3 text figs.
(Publ. 3246.) June 1, 1934.

No. 13. A new genus of brittlestars from Puerto Rico, by Austin H. Clark.
3 pp., 1 pl. (Publ. 3248.) May 21, 1934.

No. 14. A new starfish from Puerto Rico, by Austin H. Clark. 3 pp., 1 pl.
(Publ. 3249.) May 23, 1934.

No. 15. Two new congrid eels and a new flatfish, by Earl D. Reid. 11 pp., 1 pl.
(Publ. 3251.) June 9, 1934.

VOLUME 92

No. 4. A new original version of Boscana’s historical account of the San Juar
Capistrano Indians of southern California, by John P. Harrington. 62 pp., 2 pls.
(Publ. 3255.) June 27, 1934.

SMITHSONIAN ANNUAL REPORTS

Report for 1932.—The complete volume of the Annual Report of
the Board of Regents for 1932 was received from the Public Printer in
September 1933.

Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution showing
operations, expenditures, and condition of the Institution for the year ending
June 30, 1932. xiii+497 pp., 55 pls., 79 text figs. (Publ. 3185.)

The appendix contained the following papers:

Solar radiation, by C. G. Abbot.

Variable stars, by L. V. Robinson.

The master key of science: Revealing the universe through the spectroscope,
‘by Henry Norris Russell.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY WL

The decline of determinism, by Sir Arthur Eddington. ya

The measurement of noise, by G. W. C. Kaye. Bent

The age of the earth and the age of the ocean, by Adolph Knopf. ~~"

A contribution to the geological history of the North Atlantic region, by Albert
Gilligan. ;

The meteorite craters at Henbury, central Australia, by Arthur Richard
Alderman.

Some geographical results of the Byrd Antarctic expedition, by Laurence M.
Gould.

Some phases of modern deep-sea oceanography, with ‘a, description of some
of the equipment and methods of the newly formed Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institution, by C. O’D. Iselin, II.

Safety devices in wings of birds, by Lieut. Commander R. R. Graham.

Through forest and jungle in Kashmir and other parts of north India, by Casey
A. Wood.

A decade of bird banding in America: A review, by Frederick C. Lincoln.

Insect enemies of insects and their relation to agriculture, by Curtis Clausen.

Plant records of the rocks, by A. C. Seward.

Cultivating algae for scientific research, by Florence E. Meier.

The present status of light therapy: Scientific and practical aspects, by Edgar
Mayer. :

The rise of man and modern research, by James H. Breasted.

Mohenjo-Daro and the ancient civilization of the Indus Valley, by Dorothy
Mackay. :

Historical cycles, by O. G. S. Crawford.

The ‘‘great wall of Peru” and other aerial photographic studies by the Shippee-
Johnson Peruvian expedition, by Robert Shippee.

Status of woman in Iroquois polity before 1784, by J. N. B. Hewitt.

Report for 1933.—The report of the Secretary, in which the report of
United States National Museum appeared as part 2, and which in-
cluded the financial report of the executive committee of the Board of
Regents, was issued in December 1933, and will form part of the
annual report of the Board of Regents to Congress.

Report of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution and financial report of
the executive committee of the Board of Regents for the year ending June 30, 1933..
194 pp. (Publ. 3225.)

SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS

Explorations and Field-Work of the Smithsonian Institution in 1933. 59 pp.,.
69 figs. (Publ. 32385.) March 14, 1934.

Classified list of Smithsonian publications available for distribution, November
1, 1933. Compiled by Helen Munroe. 33 pp. (Publ. 3220.) October 28, 1933s.

(Reprint) The Smithsonian Institution. Revised statutes of the United States,.
1878. Title LX XIII, with amendments to March 12, 1894. August 7, 1934.

PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

The editorial work of the National Museum has continued during
the year under the immediate direction of the editor, Paul H. Oehser.
There were issued 1 annual report, 2 complete bulletins, a part of a.
bulletin, and 8 separates from the proceedings.

“2 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1934

The issues of the bulletin were as follows:

Bulletin 161, part 2. The foraminifera of the tropical Pacific collections of
the Albatross, 1899-1900: Lagenidae to Alveolinellidae, by Joseph Augustine
Cushman. ;

Bulletin 165. The bryozoan fauna of the Vincentown limesand, by Ferdinand
Canu and Ray S. Bassler.

From Volume 26 of the Contributions from the United States National Her-
barium: Part 7, The Mexican and Central American species of Viburnum, by
C. V. Morton.

PUBLICATIONS OF THE BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

The editorial work of the bureau has continued under the immediate
direction of the editor, Stanley Searles. During the year two annual
reports were issued, as follows:

Forty-eighth Annual Report. Accompanying paper: General index, annual
reports of the Bureau of American Ethnology, vols. 1-48 (Bonnerjea). v+1221

Fiftieth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary
of the Smithsonian Institution, 1932-1933. 7 pp.,

REPORT OF THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION

The annual reports of the American Historical Association are
transmitted by the association to the Secretary of the Smithsonian
Institution and are communicated by him to Congress, as provided
by the act of incorporation of the association.

The annual report for 1930, volumes 2 and 4, were issued during the
year. The annual report for 1932 was in press at the close of the fiscal
year.

REPORT OF THE NATIONAL SOCIETY, DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN
REVOLUTION
The manuscript of the Thirty-sixth Annual Report of the Na-
tional Society, Daughters of the American Revolution, was trans-
mitted to Congress, in accordance with law, December 28, 1933.

ALLOTMENTS FOR PRINTING

The congressional allotments for the printing of the Smithsonian
Report to Congress and the various publications of the Government
bureaus under the administration of the Institution were virtually
used up at the close of the year. The appropriation for the coming
year ending June 30, 1935, totals $25,500, allotted as follows:

Smithson smy Ts tet uC Le Meee oe ap nee ee ae $12, 750
NationallViiséum:. 222 ie ye eae a Se ene, 5 oie ee 4, 750
American Historical Associations 22 3-022 ee Sea. ft eee eee 8, 000

Respectfully submitted.
W. P. Trun, Editor.
Dr. C. G. ABBOT,

Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.

REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF
THE BOARD OF REGENTS OF THE SMITH-
SONIAN INSTITUTION

FOR THE YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1934

To the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution:

Your executive committee respectfully submits the following report
in relation to the funds of the Smithsonian Institution, together with
a statement of the appropriations by Congress for the Government
bureaus in the administrative charge of the Institution.

SMITHSONIAN ENDOWMENT FUND

The original bequest of James Smithson was £104,960, 8s. 6d.;

$508,318.46. Refunds of money expended in prosecution of

the claim, freights, insurance, etc., together with payment

into the fund of the sum of £5,015 which had been withheld

during the lifetime of Madame de la Batut, brought the fund

TRO) THLOUES EH TAKONDHAN RL CON hale neki sa MS i Stay led ae pe ales aie eg eget eR ee tates apes $550, 000. 00:
Since the original bequest the Institution has received gifts from

various sources, chiefly in the years prior to 1893, the income ©

from which may be used for the general work of the Institution.
To these gifts has been added capital from savings on income,

gain from sale of securities, etc., bringing the total endowment

for general purposes to the amount of_______-__-------------- 1, 119, 829. 09

The Institution holds also a number of endowment gifts the income
of each being restricted to specific use. These are invested and stand
on the books of the Institution as follows:

Arthur, James, fund, income for investigations and study of sun

anavlecturevon: thelsume inne ee a ee $45, 225. 25.
Bacon, Virginia Purdy, fund, for a traveling scholarship to in-

vestigate fauna of countries other than the United States____-_-- 56, 654. 99
Baird, Lucy H., fund, for creating a memorial to Secretary Baird -- 9, 618. 00:
Barstow, Frederic D., fund, for purchase of animals for the

PLCS oye ora Peel ee ts a ll Dt ee 860. 18.
Canfield Collection fund, for increase and care of the Canfield

collection: of minerals)s 4 2208 oe ee ae ie ed ee a 43, 253. 33.
Casey, Thomas L., fund, for maintenance of the Casey collection

and promotion of researches relating' to Coleoptera_---------- 8, 739. 32:
Chamberlain, Francis Lea, fund, for increase and promotion of

Isaac Lea collection of gems and mollusks__----------------- 31, 844. 43.
Hodgkins fund, specific, for increase and diffusion of more exact

knowledge in regard to nature and properties of atmospheric air. 100, 000. 00:
Hughes, Bruce, fund, to found Hughes aleove__-_-------------- 17, 132. 00:
Myer, Catherine Walden, fund, for purchase of first-class works

of art for the use of and benefit of the National Gallery of Art___- 21, 435. 86-
Pell, Cornelia Livingston, fund, for maintenance of Alfred Duane

JESU eral Neyer top avanys Mace MAN Ua LAURIN ALE ys oe APPR ATT 2 2 ApS OE aL RIGOR 2, 730. 24
Poore, Lucy T. and George W., fund, for general use of the Insti-

tution when principal amounts to the sum of $250,000__--_------ 64, 817. 17

74

ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1934

Reid, Addison T., fund, for founding chair in biology in memory of

ASHerMaUMISce Merete LF NOD Ces Ee eee

$26, 361. 98

Roebling fund, for care, improvement, and increase of Roebling

collection of minerals

136, 470. 38

Rollins, Miriam and William, fund, for investigations in physics

and chemistry

58, 580. 44

Springer, Frank, fund, for care, ete., of Springer collection and

UO yse Ons 0) ONL SN 2 PO EAL 2d De ee

14, 883. 04

Walcott, Charles D. and Mary Vaux, research fund, for develop-
ment of geological and paleontological studies and publishing

resultsiHenreof tse ty aus fs Ree ened a ieee ee Py ee ee ee Ed
Younger, Helen Walcott, fund, held in trust
Zerbee, Frances Brincklé, fund, for endowment of aquaria

55
50
63

11, 557.
50, 112.
860.

Total endowment for specific purposes other than Freer

endowment 22) Fa. Sie Wa res ee eee eee

701, 137. 29

The capital funds of the Institution, except the Freer funds, are

invested as follows:
Fund

PAT EIN I AI CS ee pe fe ee oe See ee eee es
BACON, AVAT Cima UG yeess oe oes seen eee
IB air Tale yale ere pies Os Sa, eee ae eee
Barstow, Frederic D
sCantieldt€ ollectign=ete ss) an ses ease eee ae
Casey Gm asily=2- 25o. 7 ten. FS oy sed ee See
Colnesiin ail 0y ye Era ea ie es A et an a eh tl et bent
Hodgkins (specific)
PE HES HPT Cent. ae ee en ae a a eee
Mivers3 Catherine: Wiese ee tee Al See ee
Pell We ormeliaguinineston..ossncees alo). eee ee
Poore, Lucy T. and George W
Reid, Addison T
Hoebline. Collection oe 3 O22 2s ee Te ee
RolinseVMiriamand wWilliames = Se
HIMILHSOMANySpeclale stern eer es Malki) tee
‘Smithsonian unrestricted funds:

INS Ae

Endowment -_

Hiackenbeng2a-aeers aee = ae Ee ee ae

Hamilton

Henry

Hodgkins (general)
t

brs 0) 3 dV =) rece eta eS IN SOE SAE Soe ap tan Pa Se A a
Walcott, Charles D. and Mary Vaux____.-_----------
Younger, Helen Walcott
ZOLWee, LM LANceS*Brinekl6s esse = oe eo eeee eee eee

Was:
Treasury

Consoli-

dated fund

56, 654. 99

8, 739/32

21, 435. 86

15, 361.98
136, 470. 38
58, 580. 44

42,110.09 |_

170, 779. 10

6. 48

754, 570. 84

FREER GALLERY OF ART FUND

Early in 1906, by deed of gift, Charles L. Freer, of Detroit, gave to
the Institution his collection of Chinese and other oriental objects of
art, as well as paintings, etchings, and other works of art by Whistler,
Later he also gave funds for the
construction of a building to house the collection, and finally, in his
will, probated November 6, 1919, he provided stock and securities to
the estimated value of $1,958,591.42 as an endowment fund for the
operation of the gallery. From the above date to the present time
these funds have been increased by stock dividends, savings of income,

Thayer, Dewing, and other artists.

etc., to a total of $4,700,436.50.

Separate
funds Total
$45, 225, 25
56, 654. 99

136, 470. 38
58, 580. 44
1, 400. 00

56, 110. 09
170, 779. 1o

729, 020. 47
1, 124. 95

2, 106. 61
14, 883. 04
11, 557.55
50, 112. 50
peel ets Ae 860. 63

66, 395. 54 1, 820, 966. 38

In view of the importance and special

REPORT OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

75

nature of the gift and the requirements of the testator in respect to it,
all Freer funds are kept separate from the other funds of the Institu-

tion, and the accounting in respect to them is stated separately.

The invested funds of the Freer bequest are classified as follows:

00

38
38

50
88

25

Counriwand eroundsshunGdmsew UR Dols he os oe eee eee ee $526, 598.
Courtiand}zrounds maintenance fundas 2224 _ 458% 4s20 eae 132, 408.
CLE TOE FULTS eee oe ee ee AE Te ec sage RL eee tte ae aR ae 535, 872.
Residmeamyslewacye. sie CEM ae oo 8 ea py cebynsaehysseay® 2 3, 505, 556.
IN Ge lett ctie es | ae ae a PN AE). IRN ARR CREEL ha ER 4, 700, 436.
SUMMARY
Invested endowment for general purposes_------------------- $1, 119, 829.
Invested endowment for specific purposes other than Freer
CENT My PATS i a a ep Pha ee ee oS 701, 1387.
Total invested endowment other than Freer endowment___ 1, 820, 966.
Freer invested endowment for specific purposes_-_-_------------ 4, 700, 436.
Total invested endowment for all purposes_------------ 6, 521, 402.
CLASSIFICATION OF INVESTMENTS
Deposited in the United States Treasury at 6 percent per annum
as authorized in the U. S. Revised Statutes, sec. 5591______-- $1, 000, 000.
Investments other than Freer endowment (cost or
market value at date acquired):
Bonds (20 ditterent egroups)2==52222=>sss>=2 $319, 771. 57
Stocks (41 different groups) _-.-----=------- 445, 7938. 46
Real estate first-mortgage notes______------- 16,550. 00
Wiiimwestedi capitals] 4242/2 a aie tee See 38, 851. 35
> 820, 966.
Tota! investments other than Freer endowment----_----- 1, 820, 966.
Investments of Freer endowment (cost or market
value at date acquired):
Bonds (46 different groups) --- 222 = --_ $2, 189, 550. 61
Stocks (43 different groups) -~------------ 2, 409, 476. 30°
Real estate first-mortgage notes___-------- 38, 500. 00
Uinimyestedcajonvala ae eae ee ee 62, 909. 59
——____——. 4, 700, 436.
Motaleimvestme»ntsas = fac oa see pees ah ee ei Ne 6, 521, 402.
CASH BALANCES, RECEIPTS, AND DISBURSEMENTS DURING THE FISCAL
YEAR !
Cash balance on hand June 30, 1983___________---_---------- $183, 408.
Receipts:
Cash income from various sources for general
worl. ef the Institutions! -2 22 11ots ais at $72, 367. 48
Cash gifts expendable for special scientific ob-
jecus, (net. to, be Invested) .2ee Muti aes 19, 215. 64

Cash income from endowments for specific. use
other than Freer endowment and from mis-
cellaneous sources (including refund of tempo-
MAPA VANCES) senda a 2 enn nee eo 50, 821. 08

1 This statement does not include Government appropriations under the administrative charge of the

Institution.

76 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1934

CASH BALANCES, RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS DURING THE FISCAL

YEAR—continued

Receipts—Continued.
Cash capital from sale, call of securities, etc.

(to pe yrelnvesteG) ance. sete cel ees 133, 066.

Total receipts other than Freer endowment-_-_-------

Cash receipts from Freer endowment:

Income from investments, etc___-------- $200, 355.

Cash capital from sale, call of securities,

ete; (to be reinvested). -22---2-2==24= 553, 646.

ARO Ga a See ae ee ee a a CL SR pe
Disbursements:
From funds for general work of the Institution:
Buildings, care, repairs, and alterations___. $2, 138. 63
omnes exh ie sae ee es 17. 47
Generaliadministration2 2 = oe=s] 2222s ee == 21, 655. 51
IGiDTar Yer et ee ays te Se ee eee 2, 500. 85
Publications (comprising preparation, print-
ing, and distribution) i448 bore ee 18, 035. 98
Researches and explorations_-_----------- 23, 001. 50
ppecialwPurtd sO ak oe ean ee, 1, 400. 00
Internationahexehanges__ +. 2 "22" = a 4, 415. 57

From funds for specific use, other than Freer

endowment:
Investments made from gifts, from gain
from sale, etc., of securities and from

SENAY =|} (OVO) TUAKGO) CaKS ey ee A Ue oh 9, 089.

Other expenditures, consisting largely of
research work, travel, increase and care
of special collections, etc., from income
of endowment funds and from cash gifts
for specific use (including temporary

11

DOV ATICES) ose eye eek weet aks ogee Fem pepe eg Aral e 68, 711. 57
Reinvestment of cash capital from sale,
Callvofisecunmbiessetcums oats een 104, 596. 82
From Freer endowment:
Operating expenses of the gallery, salaries,
fielduexpenises, tes 23> = aa hee Sess 51, 890. 62
Purchases of art objects... _.-_2+=-.----- 132, 736. 89
Investments made from gain from sale, etc.
of securities and from income_-_-_-_-_-_-_-- 26, 131. 61
Reinvestment of cash capital from sale, call
of,ysecurities, \etensaer. 2 Ae) aE uote ie 496, 440. 62

2 This includes salaries of the Secretary and certain others.

$275, 470. 93:

754, 002. 37

1, 212, 881. 55

73, 165. 51

182, 397. 50

707, 199. 74
250, 118. 80

1, 212, 881. 55

REPORT OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 77

EXPENDITURES FOR RESEARCHES IN PURE SCIENCE, EXPLORATIONS,
CARE, INCREASE, AND STUDY OF COLLECTIONS, ETC.

Expenditures from general funds of the Institution:

Neen LG ANT @ Tew yeenyeey ae ay ai 0 Ya eg Ue $18, 035. 98
Researches and explorations_____._-_____-_-- 23, 001. 50
San BRR Sana, $41, 087. 48
Expenditures from funds devoted to specific purposes:
Researches and explorations_______---------- 39, 737. 54
Care, increase, and study of special collections. 15,057. 46
Ito carii@misn My Beis eg i eee le gD oS ey ae 2, 023. 93
—————_— 56, 818. 93
‘TECORSEEY ease pel lle Ae Pe a ea ah aaa Pals 97, 856. 41

The practice of depositing on time in local trust companies and
banks such revenues as may be spared temporarily has been con-
tinued during the past year, and interest on these deposits has
amounted to $1,106.47.

The Institution gratefully acknowledges gifts or bequests from the
following:

Dr. W. L. Abbott, purchase of collections of certain birds of the Himalayas.

Dr. Adolph M. Hanson, further income from certain royalties for conducting
scientific work of the Institution.

Dr. T. Wayland Vaughan, publication of papers on Foraminifera.

Mr. Eldridge R. Johnson, for expenses in connection with deep-sea and other
oceanographic explorations.

Mrs. Mary Vaux Walcott, for publication of pitcher-plant volume of North
American Wild Flowers.

Research Corporation, further contributions for researches in radiation.

Dr. William Schaus, collection of Lepidoptera.
Mr. John A. Roebling, further contributions for researches in radiation.

All payments are made by check, signed by the Secretary of the
Institution, on the Treasurer of the United States, and all revenues
are deposited to the credit of the same account. In many instances
deposits are placed in bank for convenience of collection and later are
withdrawn in round amounts and deposited in the Treasury.

The foregoing report relates only to the private funds of the In-
stitution.

The following appropriations were made by Congress for the
Government bureaus under the administrative charge of the Smith-
sonian Institution for the fiscal year 1934.

Splariespamugexpensesmiamm ummm s Woul oa Vee ee Oe $32, 500
Internavionamexciameesemm fee Bea ON ee ee 38, 500
AMEMICATNEPMMOGe Ame LAVAL Ue ee ee 50, 000
Nstropimysieal Observatory. 22000) oot Se en ee 26, 500
National Museum:
Maintenanceanadlioperationss2. 220452 ee Se ek $128, 500
Preservation of collections_..___...----------------- 509, 000

637, 500

78 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1934

National Gallery of Art-2)24 22-26 90 coe bee a ese gee eee $29, 500°
National Zoological ankes t= ses obec cle ee oe ae eee ae 180, 000:
iPrintinpvandsbinging eer Carat 22224 ee 2 Se eee 5, 500°

otal wees Sees Se ae ee ee ee eee 1, 000, 600

There was also an allotment of $3,000 made by the United States.
Commission of the Chicago World’s Fair Centennial Celebration for
participation by the Smithsonian Institution in ‘“‘A Century of Prog-
ress”, and a grant of $7,625 from the Federal Civil Works Admin-.
istration to cover necessary overhead expenses in connection with the
project ‘‘ Archaeological Excavations.”

The report of the audit of the Smithsonian private funds is printed

below:
SEPTEMBER 25, 1934.
ExeEecuTiIvE CoMMITTEE, BOARD OF REGENTS,
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.

Srrs: Pursuant to agreement we have audited the accounts of the Smithsonian:
Institution for the fiseal year ended. June 30, 1934, and certify the balance of
cash on hand June 30, 1934, to be $252,018.80 [which includes $1,900 held in:
cash at the Institution].

We have verified the record of receipts and disbursements maintained by the
Institution and the agreement of the book balances with the bank balances.

We have examined all the securities in the custody of the Institution and in.
the custody of the banks and found them to agree with the book records.

We have compared the stated income of such securities with the receipts of
record and found them in agreement therewith.

We have examined all vouchers covering disbursements for account of the In-
stitution during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1934, together with the authority
therefor, and have compared them with the Institution’s record of expenditures
and found them to agree.

- We have examined and verified the accounts of the Institution with each trust
fund.

We found the books of account and records well and accurately kept and the
securities conveniently filed and securely cared for.

All information requested by your auditors was promptly and courteously
furnished.

We certify the balance sheet, in our opinion, correctly presents the financial
condition of the Institution as at June 30, 1934.

Respectfully submitted.

Wiuuiam L. YAEGER & Co.,
Wiuuiam L. YAEGER,
Certified Public Accountant.

Respectfully submitted.

Freperic A. DELANo,

R. Watton Moore,

Joun C. MurRiam,
Executive Committee.

ini

i «ahs + Whasaae? fe gr ' ri “
, Pa at 4 vets vider perate ery

—

mle? A REM
; eS Re Ue ot ee) sae ae ge
c a wy ay a ae ae ¢ ad 7h) Pkg Privy At Ald a i ue Pte a ihe
MWe + by x“ aw ind Sie ‘ab, ey a ight Sate he ft tie aa
na bi ty ad Hp ye SING, ots RIK Le hy oie tiie * Ao hed a] A

cit re sf yeeiees Pytiit Als iy Soh Taal 40 ii
ae Ren Rasp) Vai heya wi bi Fed Yawiily,/*
am ; Py ni i ; Hy Hl eye ett ahah sultan
Parmer Ree Reker anh aaa ee face RL ivty Wed use
ie ni Sh CR RAN PNAC SURRRLIY: GRR SUS SP a Waal in

a ee Lae saline ‘ rr
al, ‘ eae cl ta, 6 aCe fe eee Sela ea Ba eat.
5 yeh i, alin | Rita io) RY, ME ee La the 4 iy
teas elise’ hit pena ‘ Rte mr |

; 3 es iW
Biss Ne \ en i) ye :
: ‘ " “u ¢
ee oR LM Ue a pe aainy Soe ie at athe has ih wi
: ty Net
y
Se ‘ it He La
it i A Wien his 7
‘ yes } pe a
i
Ly ty “
‘ =
Ue a AS
mu Nes at " : ’
disor eat
fa
he ae a
A i. ;
i
i
*