Otvitics ot Fs | ei U. & Relics! & REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION AND FINANCIAL REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF REGENTS 1936 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION WASHINGTON, D. C. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION AND | FINANCIAL REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF REGENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED JUNE 30 1936 (Publication 3404) UNITED STATES ‘GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1936 CONTENTS Page TEATS. CLE COR GW Ga TEE Mes as en SL a ok a Fa et ge eee a I OMS EAMG CLE Vem tse ese ce Lee Rae ee at Nah Peal a te ees 5 Summary of the year’s activities of the branches of the Institution______ 6: Tinlareeyee tren fons tr op eae pes faa ek SL ee LI 9 BITC RD OATCUOlpeZeMUS = aterm eo we uit Pe Mie au eh eos aia Ne aN oe 10 1 TEUSRQES OGY 8h oe AN Nk a a eae AL WR Oe eee il Nieiiienssofieemeralimbterestee ses sak eae oer eee sie LE le ee 11 Sum Ga Soralarny ra CLO MOTO Sra Tae ey aye yeaa heey De Seg ef 11 Rocket experiments! of Dr: R. Hi. Goddard.) 22) 22. ea ea 12 Walter Rathbone Bacon Traveling Scholarship____________________ 13 Dr Mozley’s molluskinvestigations=--9522 5552-428 220. eee 13 Dr. Blackwelder’s study of the staphylinid fauna of the West Tau Diya ae A ae eS a8 VSD Nee a ea a TS aR Le 14 CHEE Se a coh a a NTC Na ep GN oy een ayo Nee gM a 15 PEpiitate ae Acre G Lar rese © GUT kj ee pe se I IN A ea aes Sl ie a 15 Smithsonian Institution exhibit at the Texas Centennial Exposition, UD eA UN ess sl BUS eB hh AN RY aN AN SL 16 Sringiilasonlam Ss Clem Cli Ch Se Tle sue ee eyes, oy UD Lu ao NA Mea eat 17 VESEY SYS) HS 2 A a A A ace ee an 18 Explorations and field SWOT tee Ma il ra aR SO TU LEU RTs Oey SA a 18 AE Suboy LG ea, 1G 1s ah 2 el SP a UO NG Ae EOE 19 VET DERE ES aE a Pg ON 20 Appendix 1. Report on the United States National Museum___________-_ Bil Zenheport on. the NationaliGalleny ofeArty 242 sas We eae 29 Seepont onnune sHneer Gallery oly Aveta eye sey Mlle me ee toa 36 4. Report on the Bureau of American Ethnology_____________ 40 5. Report on the International Exchange Service_____________ 48 6. Report on the National Zoological Park_____.___________- 57 7. Report on the Astrophysical Observatory____-_____-______ 80 8. Report on the Division of Radiation and Organisms- - _____ 85 ORPRe port onthe itor ary 0 ye yo 2h A NOI Na ae ae 87 NOMBRE Ort ONO UO LI CA GUO sie ee sey a ee aye 95 Report of the executive committee of the Board of Regents__________-_- 101 THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION June 30, 1936 Presiding officer ex officio—FRANKLIN D. RoosmvELt, President of the United States. Chancellor.—CHARLES EVANS HuUGHES, Chief Justice of the United States. Members of the Institution: FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT, President of the United States. JOHN N. GARNER, Vice President of the United States. CHARLES Hvans HucHess, Chief Justice of the United States. CorDELL HULL, Secretary of State. Henry MorcentHau, JR., Secretary of the Treasury. GrorcH H. Dern, Secretary of War. Homer 8S. Cummines, Attorney General. JAMES A. FARLEY, Postmaster General. CLAUDE A. SWANSON, Secretary of the Navy. Haroip L. Ickes, Secretary of the Interior, Henry A. WALLACE, Secretary of Agriculture. DANIEL C, Roper, Secretary of Commerce. FRANCES PERKINS, Secretary of Labor. Regents of the Institution: CHARLES HvAns Hucuss, Chief Justice of the United States, Chancellor. JoHN N. GARNER, Vice President of the United States. JOSEPH T. Ropinson, Member of the Senate. M. M. Logan, Member of the Senate. CHARLES L. McNary, Member of of the Senate. T. ALAN GOLDSBOROUGH, Member of the House of Representatives. CHARLES L, GirrorD, Member of the House of Representatives. CLARENCE CANNON, Member of the House of Representatives. FRepERIC A. DELANO, citizen of Washington, D. C. JOHN C. MmrriaM, citizen of Washington, D. C. R. WALTON Moors, citizen of Virginia. Rosert W. BINGHAM, citizen of Kentucky. AvucGustTus P. LoRING, citizen of Massachusetts. Rouanp S. Morris, citizen of Pennsylvania. Executive committee—Frepmric A. DELANO, JOHN C. MERRIAM, R. WALTON MOoRreE. Secretary.—CHARLES G. ABBOT. Assistant Secretary.—ALEXANDER WETMORE. Administrative assistant to the Secretary. HARRY W. Dorsey. Treasurer.—NIcHOLAS W. Dorsey. Editor—WeEssTER P. TRUE. Librarian. WILLIAM L. CoRBIN. Personnel officer.—HELEN A. OLMSTED. Property clerk.—Jamus H, HI. 2 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Keeper ex officio — CHARLES G. ABBOT. Assistant Secretary (in charge).—ALEXANDER WETMORE. Associate director..—JOHN EH. GRAF. SCIENTIFIC STAFF DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY : Frank M. Setzler, acting head curator; W. H. Hgberts, chief pre- parator. Division of Ethnology: H. W. Krieger, curator; H. B. Collins, Jr., assistant curator; Arthur P. Rice, collaborator. Section of Musical Instruments: Hugo Worch, custodian. Section of Ceramics: Samuel W. Woodhouse, collaborator. Division of Archeology: Neil M. Judd, curator; R. G. Paine, aid; J. Town- send Russell, honorary assistant curator of Old World archeology. Division of Physical Anthropology: AleS Hrdlitka, curator; Thomas D. Stewart, assistant curator. Collaborator in anthropology: George Grant MacCurdy; D. I. Bushnell, Jr. Associate in historic archeology: Cyrus Adler. DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY: Leonhard Stejneger, head curator; W. L. Brown, chief taxidermist. Division of Mammals: Gerrit S. Miller, Jr., curator; Remington Kellogg, assistant curator; A. J. Poole, scientific aid; A. Brazier Howell, collabo- rator. Division of Birds: Herbert Friedmann, curator; J. H. Riley, associate curator; Alexander Wetmore, custodian of alcoholic and skeleton col- lections ; Casey A. Wood, collaborator: Arthur C. Bent, collaborator. Division of Reptiles and Batrachians: Leotihard Stejneger, curator; Doris M. Cochran, assistant curator. f Division of Fishes: George S. Myers, assistant curator; BH. D. Reid, aid. Division of Insects: L. O. Howard, honorary curator; Edward A. Chapin, curator; William Schaus, honorary assistant curator; B. Preston Clark, collaborator. Section of Hymenoptera: S. A. Rohwer, custodian; W. M. Mann, assist- ant custodian; Robert A. Cushman, assistant custodian. Section of Myriapoda: O. F. Cook, custodian. Section of Diptera: Charles T. Greene, assistant custodian. Section of Coleoptera: L. L. Buchanan, specialist for Casey collection. Section of Lepidoptera: J. T. Barnes, collaborator. Section of Hemiptera: W. L. McAtee, acting custodian. Section of Forest Tree Beetles: A. D. Hopkins, custodian. Division of Marine Invertebrates: Waldo L. Schmitt, curator; C. R. Shoe- maker, assistant curator; James O. Maloney, aid; Mrs. Harriet Rich- ardson Searle, collaborator; Max M. Ellis, collaborator; William H. Longley, collaborator; Maynard M. Metcalf, collaborator; J. Percy Moore, collaborator; Joseph A. Cushman, collaborator in Foraminifera; Charles Branch Wilson, collaborator in Copepoda. Division of Mollusks: Paul Bartsch, curator; Harald A. Rehder, assistant curator; Joseph P. E. Morrison, senior scientific aid; Mary Breen, col- laborator. Section of Helminthological Collections: Maurice C. Hall, custodian. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 3 DEPARTMENT OF BioLogy—Continued. Division of Echinoderms: Austin H. Clark, curator. Division of Plants (National Herbarium): Frederick V. Coville, honorary curator; W. R. Maxon, associate curator; Ellsworth P. Killip, associate curator; Emery C. Leonard, assistant curator; Conrad V. Morton, aid; Egbert H. Walker, aid; John A. Stevenson, custodian of C. G. Lloyd mycological collection. Section of Cryptogamie Collections: O. F. Cook, assistant curator. Section of Higher Algae: W. T. Swingle, custodian. Section of Lower Fungi: D. G. Fairchild, custodian. Section of Diatoms: Paul S. Conger, custodian. Associates in Zoology: C. Hart Merriam, Mary J. Rathbun, C. W. Stiles, Theodore 8. Palmer, William B. Marshall. Associate Curator in Zoology: Hugh M. Smith. Associate in Marine Sediments: T. Wayland Vaughan. Collaborator in Zoology: Robert Sterling Clark. Collaborators in Biology: A. K. Fisher, David C. Graham. DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY : R. S. Bassler, head curator; Jessie G. Beach, aid. Division of Physical and Ohemical Geology (systematic and applied) : W. F. Foshag, curator; Hdward P. Henderson, assistant curator. Division of Mineralogy and Petrology: W. F. Foshag, curator; Frank L. Hess, custodian of rare metals and rare earths. Division of Stratigraphic Paleontology: Charles BH. Resser, curator; Gustav A. Cooper, assistant curator; Margaret W. Moodey, aid for Springer collection. Section of Invertebrate Paleontology: T. W. Stanton, custodian of Mesozoic collection; Paul Bartsch, curator of Cenozoic collection. Division of Vertebrate Paleontology: Charles W. Gilmore, curator; C. Lewis Gazin, assistant curator; Norman H. Boss, chief preparator. Associate in Mineralogy: W. T. Schaller. Associate in Paleontology: E. O. Ulrich. Associate in Petrology: Whitman Cross. DEPARTMENT OF ARTS AND INDUSTRIES: Carl W. Mitman, head curator. Division of Engineering: Frank A. Taylor, curator. Section of Mechanical Technology : Frank A. Taylor, in charge; Fred C. Reed, scientific aid. i Section of Aeronautics: Paul H. Garber, assistant curator. Section of Mineral Technology: Carl W. Mitman, in charge. Division of Textiles: Frederick L. Lewton, curator; Mrs. H. W. Rosson, aid. Section of Wood Technology: William N. Watkins, assistant curator. Section of Organic Chemistry: Aida M. Doyle, aid. Division of Medicine: Charles Whitebread, assistant curator, Division of Graphic Arts: R. P. Tolman, curator; C. Allen Sherwin, scien- tifie aid. Section of Photography: A. J. Olmsted, assistant curator. Division or History: T. T. Belote, curator; Charles Carey, assistant curator; Mrs. C. L. Manning, philatelist. Chief of correspondence and documents.—H. S. BRYANT. Assistant chief of correspondence and documents.—L.. BE. COMMERFORD. Superintendent of buildings and labor.—R. H. TREMBLY. ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 Assistant superintendent of buildings and labor.—CHARLES C. SINCLAIR. Editor.—PavuL H. OBHSER. Engineer.—C. R. DENMARK. Accountant and auditor.—N. W. DoRsty. Photographer.—A. J. OLMSTED. Property clerk.—LAWRENCE L. OLIVER. Assistant librarian. LEILA F. CLARK. NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART Acting director..—RvuEL P. TOLMAN. FREER GALLERY OF ART Curator.—JOHN ELLERTON LODGE. Associate curator.—CaRL WHITING BISHOP. Assistant curator.—GRACH DUNHAM GUEST. Assistant.—ARCHIBALD G. WENLEY. Superintendent. JOHN BuNDY. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY Chief. —MatTTHEW W. STIRLING. Ethnologists—JouHN P. HARRINGTON, JOHN N. B. Hewitt, TRUMAN MICHELSON, JOHN R. SWANTON, WILLIAM D. STRONG. Archeologist—F RANK H. H. Roperrts, Jr. Associate anthropologist —JULIAN H. STEWARD. Editor.—STANLEY SEARLES. Librarian.—MiriaAM B. KreTcHuUM. Illustrator.—EpWINn G. CASSEDY. INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGES Secretary (in charge).—CHARLES G. ABBOT. Chief clerk.—CoatEs W. SHOEMAKER. NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK Director.—WILLIAM M. MANN. Assistant director —ERNEST P. WALKER. ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY Director.—CHARLES G. ABBOT. Assistant director.—Loyau B. ALDRICH. Research assistant.—FREDERICK EK. Fow ps, Jr. Associate research assistant.—WILLIAM H. Hoover. DIVISION OF RADIATION AND ORGANISMS Director.—CHARLES. G. ABBOT. Assistant director—HEARL S. JOHNSTON. Associate research assistant.—EpwarpD D. MCALISTER. Assistant in radiation research.—LELAND B. CLARK. Research associate.—FLORENCE BE. METER. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION C. G. ABBOT FOR THE YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1936 To the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. GENTLEMEN: I have the honor to submit herewith my report show- ing the activities and condition of the Smithsonian Institution and the Government bureaus under its administrative charge during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1936. The first 20 pages contain a summary account of the affairs of the Institution, and appendixes 1 to 10 give more detailed reports of the operations of the National Museum, the National Gallery of Art, the Freer Gallery of Art, the Bureau of American Ethnology, the International Exchanges, the National Zoological Park, the Astrophysical Observatory, the Division of Radiation and Organisms, the Smithsonian library, and of the publi- cations issued under the direction of the Institution. On page 101 is the financial report of the executive committee of the Board of Regents. OUTSTANDING EVENTS Notable progress has been made by the Institution in its varied fields of endeavor. Continuation of the study of the relation of our weather to changes in the sun’s radiation led to apparent proof that the short-interval changes of solar radiation are of major influence on the weather for the following 2 weeks. Funds to establish seven additional observing stations to test this promising method of weather forecasting were provided in a bill passed by the Senate, but unfor- tunately the item was lost in conference. The Division of Radiation and Organisms has determined specifically the efficiency of different wave lengths of radiation in promoting photosynthesis and photo- tropism, and has developed new types of research apparatus of un- equaled adaptability and power. The Institution published the latest results of the high-altitude rocket experiments of Dr. R. H. Goddard, whose early work was supported for 12 years by the Smithsonian. In his most recent trial flights the liquid-propelled rocket attained a height of 7,500 feet, its automatic stabilizer keeping the flight verti- cal. With the P. W. A. grant reported last year, three new modern 5) 6 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 exhibition buildings are under construction at the National Zoological Park and are expected to be completed by January 1937. Toward the end of the year a weekly radio program on the activi- ties of the Smithsonian Institution was put on the air by the Office of Education, Department of the Interior, in cooperation with the National Broadcasting Company. The program consists of weekly half-hour dramatizations of science and art over a Nation-wide hook-up. The mail response from listeners has been enthusiastic. The sales of the Smithsonian Scientific Series, a set of 12 popular science volumes written by members of the Smithsonian staff and collaborators, have continued to increase until at the present time a _ total of nearly $150,000 has been received by the Institution in royal- ties for the furtherance of its researches. In the will of the late Dr. William L. Abbott, long a collaborator and friend of the Institu- tion, a one-fifth share of his residuary estate was left to the Smith- sonian to promote zoological researches. The executors state that this share will be in the neighborhood of $100,000. The Institution has continued its work on the problem of Folsom man through the investigations of Dr. F. H. H. Roberts, Jr., near Fort Collins, Colo. Additional information has been obtained on this earliest known American aboriginal culture, as well as further evidence of the contemporaneity of Folsom man with extinct species of bison. In Alaska Dr. AleS Hrdlicka and Henry B. Collins, work- ing independently, have continued to seek for direct evidence of the ancient migration of the American Indians from Asia, with valuable results. : Outstanding among the year’s publications were: Solar Radiation and Weather Studies and The Dependence of Terrestrial Tempera- tures on the Variations of the Sun’s Radiation, by C. G. Abbot, summarizing his investigations on the relationship of our weather to variation in the sun’s radiation; An Introduction to Nebraska Archeology, by William Duncan Strong, a monographic work on the archeology of that important region; and Molluscan Intermedi- ate Hosts of the Asiatic Blood Fluke, Schistosoma japonicum, and Species Confused with Them, by Paul Bartsch, a definitive classifi- cation of the intermediate hosts of this human parasite, which affects millions of Orientals, particularly the Chinese. Suggestions for its control are included. SUMMARY OF THE YEAR’S ACTIVITIES OF THE BRANCHES OF THE INSTITUTION National Museum.—For the maintenance of the National Museum the total appropriations were $760,742, an increase of $44,671 over those for 1935. Additions to the collections numbered 486,581 speci- REPORT OF THE SECRETARY i mens, coming mostly as gifts or as the result of Smithsonian expedi- tions. Perhaps the most outstanding single accessions in the various departments of the Museum were as follows: In anthropology, the Richard K. Peck collection of materials representing the Negritos and Papuans of Dutch New Guinea, the Dyaks of Borneo, and the Jivaro of Ecuador; in biology, an accession of 465 mammals from Africa, Asia, and South America, representing 300 forms not previ- ously contained in the collections, by exchange from the Field Museum of Natural History; in geology, a notable series of Chilean minerals, including six new species, collected by Mark Bandy; in arts and industries, the airplane Winnie Mae, flown by Post and Gatty and later by Post alone in various record flights, purchased through special Congressional appropriation. A number of field expeditions went out during the year, financed mainly by Smith- sonian private funds. Visitors to the various Museum buildings numbered 1,973,673. There were published 1 annual report, 11 Proceedings papers, and 1 paper in the series Contr ibutions from the National Herbarium. National Gallery of Art.—A large part of the year’s work related to the care, protection, and restoration of paintings belonging to the Government. In the interests of the better preservation of works of art and of better working conditions, an air-conditioning unit was installed in the storage workroom. At the 15th annual meeting of the National Gallery of Art Commission on December 10, 1935, the death of Joseph H. Gest, chairman, was announced, and Charles L. Borie, Jr., was elected chairman. A number of portraits and other art works were accepted by the Commission for the Gallery. Four minia- tures were acquired through the Catherine Walden Myer fund. The Gallery held eight special exhibitions, as follows: National and inter- national high school art; intaglho prints and etchings by members of the Chicago Society of Etchers; miniatures by members of the Ameri- can Society of Miniature Painters; paintings and etchings by Mons Breidvik; portraits by Bjorn P. Egeli; vitreous enamels by Frances and Richard McGraw; the First Annual Metropolitan State Art Con- test; and paintings by children receiving free art instruction in the New York area. Freer Gallery of Art—The year’s additions to the collection include a Persian brass box, four Chinese bronzes, and a sculptured Persian pediment, all shown in plates 1 and 2. There were also added four leaves from a sixteenth century Persian manuscript, two Indian and three Persian paintings, and in pottery one Chinese cup and a Syro- Egyptian bowl. Curatorial work was devoted to the study of Chinese, Japanese, Armenian, Arabic, Persian, and East Indian objects and of the texts and seals associated with them. During the year 673 objects and 225 photographs of objects were submitted to the curator for an 8 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 opinion as to their identity, meaning, or historical or esthetic signifi- cance, and 18 inscriptions for translation. Visitors totaled 123,418, and 96 groups were given docent service. A course of four lectures on Persian Painting was given at the Gallery by Eustache de Lorey, former Director of the French Institute of Arts and Archaeology, and 19 lectures and illustrated talks were given by members of the Gallery staff at Columbia University and at the Gallery. Bureau of American Ethnology.—Vhe researches of the Bureau on the American Indians included archeological and ethnological studies in Washington, in many other parts of the United States, in Canada, and in Central America. In the field of archeology, aid was given in establishing two P. W. A. projects at two important old sites in Florida; further investigation of the problem of Folsom man was carried out through excavations at the Lindenmeier site in northern Colorado; a joint Smithsonian-Peabody Museum expedition made important archeological discoveries in Honduras, notably that of a culture level apparently ancestral to that of the Maya. The year’s ethnological investigations included linguistic studies of the Timucua and of the Indians of James and Hudson’s Bay, Canada; study of the Mission Indians of California; field work among the Shoshoni, Ban- nock, and Gosiute Indians of Utah, Nevada, and Idaho; studies of the League of the Iroquois; and researches on Florida Indian music. The Bureau published an annual report and two bulletins. International eachanges.——The exchange service is the official United States agency for the exchange with other countries of gov- ernmental and scientific documents. In carrying out this important work of aiding in the interchange of scientific thought among the nations of the world, the exchange service handled during the year a total of 596,951 packages weighing 618,789 pounds. The number of full and partial sets of governmental publications forwarded abroad is now 111, and 102 copies of the Congressional Record are sent to other countries in exchange for their parliamentary journals. The Exchange Agency in Peru, formerly conducted under the Ministerio de Fomento, Lima, is now under the jurisdiction of the Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Seccién de Propaganda y Publicaciones Lima carrying on the work. The agency for the Union of South Africa has been removed from Pretoria, Transvaal, to Capetown, Cape of Good Hope. National Zoological Park.—Under a grant from the P. W. A. of $680,000, supplemented later by $191,575, work was begun during the year on five projects, namely, machine and carpenter shops and a garage; installation of three 250-h.p. boilers which will heat all exhi- bition buildings except the bird house; a building for small mammals and great apes; a building for large animals such as elephant, rhi- noceros, and hippopotamus; and a new wing on the bird house. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 9 With the completion of these projects, the Zoo will have four large modern exhibition buildings, and the new construction constitutes the greatest improvement in the history of the Park. Assignment of P. W. A. labor also enabled the Park to carry out a considerable number of lesser improvements, including work on roads, grounds, and buildings. Accessions of animals numbered 786. Losses by death and otherwise totalled 765, leaving the collection at the close of the year at 2,191 animals, representing 675 different species. Vis- itors numbered 2,235,850, including groups from 579 schools and organizations from 20 States and the District of Columbia. Astrophysical Observatory.—Measurements of the solar constant of radiation have been continued on every possible day at the three Smithsonian stations at Table Mountain, Calif., Montezuma, Chile, and Mount St. Katherine, Egypt. The irregularity of the results at Table Mountain led to the development of a criterion for distinguish- ing unfavorable sky conditions, which will provide a new increase in the accuracy of measurement of the solar variability. Two papers published by Dr. Abbot appear to prove that the short-interval changes of solar radiation are of major influence on the weather for the ensuing 2 weeks or more. To test the use of this relationship in weather forecasting, seven additional observing stations are required. An amendment to the Urgent Deficiency Act providing the necessary funds was passed by the Senate, but was rejected in conference with the House. Preliminary studies were begun of the possibility of automatic determination of solar variability from sounding balloons. Division of Radiation and Organisms.—The Division’s investiga- tions comprised the following: Continuation of work on the depend- ence of carbon dioxide assimilation in wheat upon the wave length of radiation; experiments on the effects of ultraviolet rays on algae; experiments on the effects of light of different wave lengths on growth of tomatoes; development of an extremely sensitive and quick-acting spectroscopic method for measuring carbon dioxide con- centration; study of the dependence of photosynthesis in wheat on time factors; and the development of a highly sensitive thermo- couple of great ruggedness. THE HSTABLISHMENT The Smithsonian Institution was created by act of Congress in 1846, according to the terms of the will of James Smithson, of Eng- land, who in 1826 bequeathed his property to the United States of America “to found at Washington, under the name of the Smith- sonian Institution, an establishment for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men.” In receiving the property and accepting the trust, Congress determined that the Federal Government was without authority to administer the trust directly, and, therefore, 10 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 constituted an “establishment” whose statutory members are “the President, the Vice President, the Chief Justice, and the heads of the executive departments.” THE BOARD OF REGENTS The terms of the three Members of the House of Representatives on the Board of Regents, Representatives T. Alan Goldsborough, of Maryland; Charles L. Gifford, of Massachusetts; and Clarence Cannon, of Missouri, expired on December 25, 1985, and on January 9, 1936, they were reappointed by the Speaker of the House for the statutory term of 2 years. Mr. Frederic A. Delano, of Washington, D. C., whose term as a citizen Regent expired January 21, 1935, was reappointed for another 6 years by Joint Resolution of Congress approved August 7, 1935. By Joint Resolution of Congress ap- proved February 21, 1986, Dr. Roland S. Morris, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, was appointed to fill the existing vacancy in the class of citizen Regents. The roll of Regents at the close of the year was as follows: Charles Evans Hughes, Chief Justice of the United States, Chan- cellor; John N. Garner, Vice President of the United States; mem- bers from the Senate—Joseph T. Robinson, M. M. Logan, Charles L. McNary; members from the House of Representatives—T. Alan Goldsborough, Clarence Cannon, Charles L. Gifford; citizen mem- bers—Frederic A. Delano, Washington, D. C.; John C. Merriam, Washington, D. C.; R. Walton Moore, Virginia; Robert W. Bing- ham, Kentucky; Augustus P. Loring, Massachusetts; Roland S. | Morris, Pennsylvania. Proceedings-—The annual meeting of the Board of Regents was held on January 16, 1936. The Regents present were Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes, Chancellor; Senators Joseph T. Robinson and M. M. Logan; Representatives Charles L. Gifford and Clarence Cannon; citizen Regents Frederic A. Delano, Augustus P. Loring; and the Secretary, Dr. Charles G. Abbot. The Board elected Senator McNary a member of the Permanent Committee. The Secretary presented his annual report, detailing the activities of the several Government branches and of the parent Institution during the year, and Mr. Delano presented the report of the Execu- tive Committee, covering financial statistics of the Institution. The Secretary also presented the annual report of the National Gallery of Art Commission. In his usual special report the Secretary briefly reviewed outstand- ing events of the year, and Assistant Secretary Wetmore detailed important activities in the National Museum. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 11 FINANCES A statement will be found in the report of the executive committee, page 101. MATTERS OF GENERAL INTEREST SMITHSONIAN RADIO PROGRAM A new means of carrying on the diffusion of knowledge was made available to the Institution toward the end of the fiscal year, when the Office of Education, Department of the Interior, began, as a feature of the Radio Project of the Works Progress Administration, a series of weekly half-hour radio broadcasts, on a Nation-wide hook-up, on the activities of the Smithsonian Institution. These broadcasts, which constitute an innovation in the field of educational radio programs, take the form of dramatizations of the scientific research, exploration, museum exhibits, and art activities carried on under the Institution’s direction. They form an N. B. C. blue net- work feature on Sunday mornings at 11:30 Eastern daylight saving time (red network, 11:30 Eastern standard time after September 27), and are presented through the cooperation of the National Broadcasting Co. The first broadcast, produced on Sunday, June 7, 1936, dramatized the founding of the Smithsonian Institution and the stories of some of the famous exhibits in the Arts and Industries Building of the United States National Museum, including Colonel Lindbergh’s Spirit of St. Louis, the Star Spangled Banner, the first Atlantic cable, and Alexander Graham Bell’s early telephones. This, with the 13 other broadcasts listed below, were to comprise the first series: The Smithsonian, and Famous Pxhibits________-_______________ June 7, 1986 SCLen th CoH xq] OFA GTOMS 2 ee. LENT Re Ra ies La ER June 14, 1986 Pity Gee Sunnie eskhiay dan tor ioe ee BY LNs ger Ue Oo eS Meg gL Yo) OONLS SEN URE sre June 21, 1986 CARY GS) AANTaT aS ATC epa i alee LN ye WSN AG a NAS June 28, 1936 ‘Costumes of Ladies of the White House______________-_§_ July 5, 1936 1) DEPENS NS GN CE CEERI De EP eA ep a July 12, 1986 TYME SROT EI TSRSE GAS SE Vr aN TS No a ve ie SA aia CN eI Any ease July 19, 1936 A DY OVS 1 CWB aaa ral SUC SO te NM IO GI ae ON ea aE July 26, 1986 Be eANT Ti A Se ANN aa NE SUN EN dR UE TE AEE EAS SU NL Aug. 2, 1936 TEA OVW pe eas Lae IU SALEEM ODES NEES SEL EN Et hae AE Aug. 9, 1986 hesStory or ian tin) Am ericayss tec Wey ye ea ee es aa Aug. 16, 1986 “A DRCE SCE RSS ase ge NOI ete Se TSU BSP elo i 3 ps Ne AS TA RR Aug. 28, 1936 EEE CLOU SASL O11 CS eae ILL AP elie ie aca es NWI SS A SM AL Aug. 30, 1936 ASU MLS Ov IN (Co Re MSA ECL gs NE i ea RS Os aS SE IR Ze Sp Sept. 6, 1936 From the beginning this program has been enthusiastically re- ceived. Hundreds of letters were received at the Office of Education commending the dramatized form of educational broadcast as being both entertaining and instructive, and I may anticipate the next fiscal 12 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 year by saying that at the writing of this report in the early fall of 1936 the mail response had increased to an average of over 2,000 let- ters a week. A large number of the letters come from teachers and others particularly interested in education, many of whom state that the informative material contained in the dramatized stories of re- search, exploration and art, and in the advance summaries mailed out | to those requesting them, is of real, practical use in their work. The Institution is grateful to the Office of Education and to the National Broadcasting Co. for making possible this effective means of disseminating knowledge in the fields of science and art. ROCKET EXPERIMENTS OF DR. R. H. GODDARD For 12 years—from 1916 to 1928—the Institution supported through annual grants Dr. R. H. Goddard’s investigations on rocket flight, with the primary purpose of supplying a means of exploring the unknown upper atmosphere. Dr. Goddard’s pioneering researches on the design of the rocket itself and on the most effective rocket fuel and the means of utilizing it in the rocket led to a successful trial flight in July 1929, and in my annual report for 1930 I said: The apparently assured success of Dr. Goddard’s experiments has drawn support from a source better equipped financially to provide it than the Smith- sonian. The late Simon Guggenheim, at Colonel Lindbergh’s suggestion, made a large grant of funds and set up an advisory committee, of which the Secretary, Dr. Abbot, is a member. Dr. Goddard’s experiments are now going on under these auspices in New Mexico. It is a pleasure to record here that the Smith- sonian has again been able to support during its more or less uncertain pioneer- ing stages an investigation of great promise for the increase of knowledge. Dr. Goddard has continued to advance the development of his liquid-propellant rocket with marked success, and early in 1936 he made a report on these later researches to the Daniel and Florence Guggenheim Foundation. From this report, which was published by the Smithsonian Institution on March 16, 1936, it will be of interest to quote a few paragraphs: Inasmuch as control by a small gyroscope is the best as well as the lightest means of operating the directing vanes, the action of the gyroscope being inde- pendent of the direction and acceleration of the rocket, a gyroscope having the necessary characteristics was developed after numerous tests. The gyroscope was set to apply controlling force when the axis of the rocket deviated 10° or more from the vertical. In the first flight of the present series of tests with gyroscopic control, on March 28, 1935, the rocket as viewed from the 1,000-foot shelter traveled first to the left and then to the right, thereafter describing a smooth and rather flat trajectory. * * * In subsequent flights, with adjustments and improvements in the stabilizing arrangements, the rockets have been stabilized up to the time propulsion ceased, the trajectory being a smooth curve beyond this point. * * * ‘The oscilla- tions each side of the vertical varied from 10° to 30° and oceupied from 1 to 2 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 13 seconds. Inasmuch as the rockets started slowly, the first few hundred feet of the flight reminded one of a fish Swimming in a vertical direction. * * * The continually increasing speed of the rockets, with the accompanying steady roar, make the flights very impressive. In the two flights the rocket left a smoke trail and had a small, intensely white flame issuing from the nozzle, which at times nearly disappeared with no decrease in roar or propelling force. The occasional white flashes below the rocket are explosions of gasoline vapor in the air. In the flight of October 14, 1985, the rocket rose 4,000 feet; in the flight of May 31, 1935, it rose 7,500 feet. * * * 4 As in the flights of 1930-32 to study rocket performance in the air, no attempt was made in the flights of 1934-85 to reduce the weight of the rockets, which varied from 58 to 85 pounds. A reduction of weight would be useless before a vertical course of the rocket could be maintained automatically. The speed of 700 miles per hour, although high, was not as much as could be obtained by a light rocket, and the heights also were much less than could be obtained by, a light rocket of the same power. It is worth mentioning that inasmuch as the delicate directional apparatus functioned while the rockets were in flight, it should be possible to carry record- ing instruments on the rocket without damage or changes in adjustment. The next step in the development of the liquid-propellant rocket is the reduc- tion of weight to a minimum. Some progress along this line has already been madex 2% The chief accomplishments to date are the development of a combustion cham- ber, or rocket motor, that is extremely light and powerful and can be used repeatedly, and of a means of stabilization that operates automatically while the rocket is in flight. WALTER RATHBONE BACON TRAVELING SCHOLARSHIP DR. MOZLEY'S MOLLUSK INVESTIGATIONS The Walter Rathbone Bacon Traveling Scholarship of the Smith- .sonian Institution granted to Dr. Alan Mozley for 1932 and 1933 for field studies of land and fresh-water mollusks in northern Asia, in order to correlate these with similar researches which he had made in the far north of North America, was extended for an additional sea- son to permit the gathering of further data. This is the first report it has been possible to present on Dr. Mozley’s later work. Dr. Mozley intended to make a trip down the Lena River and to explore this stream and adjacent territory before attempting a final report, but for certain reasons it was not practicable for him to obtain the necessary permission for work in this territory. He therefore, with the sanction of the authorities of the Smithsonian Institution, shifted his field of exploration to Finland and northern Sweden, using Alvsky, Kabdalis, Ostersund, Strémsund, Sveg, Orsa, Mora, Alvdalen, and Stockholm as bases for his quest. At the close of the collecting season Dr. Mozley revisited England, where he continued museum studies of his catches, after which he 101898—36——2 14 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 returned to the United States National Museum for his final endeay- ors. These are in part embodied in a paper entitled “The Fresh- Water and Terrestrial Mollusca of Northern Asia”, published in the Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, vol. 58, pt. 3, no. 24, pp. 605-695, pls. 1-5, figs. 1-8; 1935-86. In this he describes the species collected by him and discusses their ecologic relationship. The region embraced in this work includes the greater part of con- tinental Asia north of latitude 50°, excepting outer Mongolia and Manchuria, and the Lake Baikal area with its peculiar fauna. In the region covered 67 species and subspecies were obtained and exam- ined in detail. A certain number of forms are held in abeyance, to be discussed in a final report, upon the preparation of which Dr. Mozley is now engaged. DR. BLACK WELDER’S STUDY OF THE STAPHYLINID FAUNA OF THE WEST INDIES The Walter Rathbone Bacon Scholarship was awarded in June 1935 to Dr. Richard E. Blackwelder, of Stanford University, Cali- fornia. In his application for this scholarship the successful candi- date indicated that his project would consist of a study of the staphylinid fauna of the West Indies, with especial reference to the subfamily Tachyporinae. Accordingly Dr. Blackwelder set sail from New York late in June and commenced the field work necessary for the completion of the project. In succession he has visited the islands of Jamaica, Gaude- loupe, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Antigua, St. Thomas, Trinidad, To- bago, Grenada, Caracou, St. Vincent, Union, Barbados, St. Lucia, Martinique, Dominica, Montserrat, Antigua, and St. Kitts. Depend- ing upon the size of the islands and the opportunities for collecting, Dr. Blackwelder has spent a longer or shorter time on each of these islands. During the coming 6 months the islands of the Greater Antilles will be revisited, the second visit coming at a different time of year from the first, in that way making it possible to get species which were not found at the first attempt. The results of his trip so far, as shown in his monthly reports, have been gratifying, many thousands of Staphylinidae having been already obtained, together with material in other groups of the animal kingdom. Material other than Staphylinidae has been of the Coleop- tera, arachnids, diplopods, chilopods, and birds. At the end of his field work in the West Indies it is intended that Dr. Blackwelder will return to Washington, there to prepare a series of the species which he has collected and which he will take to the British Museum for comparison with the types of described West Indian species. Upon his return from the British Museum Dr. Black- REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 15 welder will work over the entire collection and prepare a report upon this group of insects. GRANTS Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium der Rijks-Universiteit te Leiden.—In continuation of a number of previous grants to the Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, through its director, Prof. Dr. W. H. Keesom, the Institution contributed $500 toward the support of certain of the low-temperature researches now in progress at the laboratory. At the suggestion of the Secretary, a lke contribution was also made by the Research Corporation of New York. Dr. Eresébet Kol—A grant of $700 was made to Dr. Erzsébet Kol to enable her to study the biology of snow algae on the snow fields and glaciers of Alaska. Dr. Kol, a botanist of Szeged, Hungary, has come to this country through a fellowship from the American Association of University Women to study the snow algae on high mountains in the United States. The Smithsonian grant will enable her to extend the work to include Alaska. Dr. Kol’s studies in the field of cryobiology have covered a period of 10 years and have included similar field work in the mountains of Switzer- land, Norway, France, and Hungary. Mount Washington Observatory—aA small contribution of $50 was made toward the continued support of Mount Washington Ob- servatory. This high-level observatory (6,284 ft.) in New Hamp- shire is under direction of Dr. Charles F. Brooks, of the Harvard Blue Hill Meteorological Observatory. Its observations are at times the only upper air data available in the northeastern United States in periods of general storm or fog. All phases of ice formation on airplanes can readily be studied here on the ground, as the ice- forming wind rushes by at airplane speeds. FIFTH ARTHUR LECTURE The fifth Arthur Lecture was given in the auditorium of the Na- tional Museum February 25, 1936, by Dr. Earl S. Johnston, assistant director of the Division of Radiation and Organisms, Smithsonian Institution, under the title “Sun Rays and Plant Life.” Dr. John- ston pointed out that the wide range in type of vegetation on the earth is due to the great variation in the solar energy reaching our planet. These variations relate to the duration, the intensity, and the quality or wave length of sunlight. The lecturer discussed the investigations by the Smithsonian Institution and other agencies of the harmful and beneficial effects upon plant growth of specific wave lengths of light. 16 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 The lecture will be published in the General Appendix to the 19386 Smithsonian Report. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION EXHIBIT AT THE TEXAS CENTENNIAL EXPOSITION, DALLAS, TEX. The Smithsonian Institution exhibit at the Texas Centennial Ex- position June 6 to November 30, 1936, was concerned wholly with a presentation of the laboratory methods and processes involved in the preparation and restoration of a fossil dinosaur skeleton and with a picturization of the scientific knowledge of prehistoric rep- tilian life derived from laboratory studies. The exhibit formed one of aseries of scientific exhibits entitled “The Story of Life”, prepared by the combined efforts of the United States Public Health Serv- ice, the colleges and universities of Texas, and the Smithsonian Institution. The Smithsonian Institution exhibit occupied a rectangular bay, the back wall of which was about 30 feet wide and the side walls of which were, roughly, 30 feet and 20 feet, respectively, in length. A railing prevented the visitors from approaching the rear wall closer than 15 feet and the side walls 3 feet. ‘There was thus made available between the railing and the rear wall an area of approximately 15 feet by 30 feet for the carrying on of the regular laboratory work in plain view of the visitor. Here daily during the course of the expo- sition Norman H. Boss, chief preparator of the division of vertebrate paleontology in the National Museum, and an assistant, Gilbert Stucker, of Chicago, who was employed for the period of the exposi- tion, carried on the intricate and varied work involved in working up in relief parts of the Jurassic dinosaur Camarasaurus. On the back wall of the working area there was mounted a full-size line drawing of Camarasaurus and superposed on the drawing was the original skull and the first five vertebrae, which had been pre- pared in the National Museum laboratory prior to the exposition. These original parts, together with those gradually exposed by the preparators and the full-size profile drawing, gave the visitor a clear idea of the complicated nature of the preparatory work in this scientific field. Five large masses of plaster-bandaged fossil in the rock, one weigh- ing approximately 214 tons and another 114 tons, were shipped to Dallas and constituted the working material during the exposition. These masses are in the same form as received in 1923 by the United States National Museum from the Dinosaur National Monument quarry in Utah. ‘The finished pieces were exhibited on available floor space in the working area of the exhibit. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 7 Flanking the laboratory area there were exhibited two oil paintings 15 feet by 8 feet prepared by two Washington artists, Bruce Horsfall and Garnet W. Jex, respectively. The Jex painting portrays rep- tilian life in the Permian age of Texas. The Horsfall painting visualizes Camarasaurus, the fossil skeleton of which was being pre- pared, as he was supposed to have appeared in the flesh and in the environment of his time, namely, the Jurassic age. Both paintings were executed under the close supervision of C. W. Gilmore, curator of vertebrate paleontology in the National Museum, and are as scien- tifically correct in the topography, vegetation, and reptile restoration as can be done with oil paint and brush. In addition to the oil painting on the right flanking wall of the area there was exhibited a well-executed diorama visualizing all known life of the Jurassic age. This yielded to the visitor an under- standing of the reptilian associates of the Camarasaurus in Jurassic times and vividly indicated the swampy, moist character of the land area of that distant time. Thus the visitor to the Smithsonian Institution exhibit at the Dallas exposition had revealed to him the manner in which the Division of Vertebrate Paleontology in the United States National Museum is acquiring scientific knowledge as to prehistoric life and utilizing that information in the advancement of knowledge. SMITHSONIAN SCIENTIFIC SERIES The Smithsonian Scientific Series, a set of 12 volumes written in popular style and profusely illustrated on the various branches of science covered by the Institution’s research activities, was first put on the market in 1928. In entering into the agreement for the sale of this series, a departure from the normal free distribution of its publications, the Institution had two aims in view, namely, the wider diffusion of knowledge and the increase of its financial resources for the promotion of research. The books are published and sold by a private corporation of New York, the Smithsonian Institution Series, Inc., and the Institution receives a royalty on all sales. As the series has not been mentioned in my annual reports for the past 2 years, it will be interesting to state the results of this enterprise up to the close of the fiscal year 1936. From 1928, when the first set was sold, to June 30, 1936, there have been sold a total of 12,917 sets. In royalties, the Institution has received to date in the neighborhood of $150,000, a definite proportion of which has been added to the Institution’s permanent endowment, and the balance expended for the most pressing scientific investigations. As the sales of the series are continuing at an ever-increasing rate, the Institution’s endow- 18 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 ment funds will eventually be substantially augmented, with a corre- sponding increase in the annual income for current researches. BEQUESTS William L. Abbott bequest—Dr. William L. Abbott, associate in zoology since March 25, 1905, who had conducted and sponsored many field expeditions for the Institution, died April 2, 1936. Under the terms of Dr. Abbott’s will, the Smithsonian Institution is to receive, in addition to any of his books and papers that they may desire, one-fifth of his residuary estate. According to advices from the executors of the estate, the Institution’s share will be in the neighbor- hood of $100,000. This final expression of Dr. Abbott’s friendship is very gratifying to the Institution, since he was one of its most valued collaborators and had contributed materially to the upbuilding of its biological and other collections. Charles Dyke bequest.—In the will of Charles Dyke, probated in Corpus Christi, Tex., July 29, 1935, appears the following provision : Item three: All the rest, residue, and remainder of my estate * * * I> give, devise, and bequeath to the Smithsonian Institute of Washington, District of Columbia, to be used in founding and endowing a chair in some branch of the Institution, to be designated as the branch of financial research, whose purpose is to take steps to capitalize on any inventions, discoveries in research, or through whatever other project seems most feasible. The aim of this bequest is to enhance the endowment funds of this Institution to the highest degree practicable in opulence through the efforts of said chair of financial research. The Dyke estate is to remain in the hands of the executor during the life of the first beneficiary, after which the legacy will be paid to the Institution. Advice has been received from Mr. Dyke’s attor- ney that the present value of the property is about $15,000. EXPLORATIONS AND FIELD WORK In the furtherance of its researches, the Institution sent out or took part in 15 expeditions to a number of foreign countries as well as to many localities in the United States. Dr. Charles W. Gilmore collected rare vertebrate fossils in Montana and Wyoming. Dr. Charles E. Resser studied the Cambrian rocks of the southern Appa- lachian Mountains. Dr. G. Arthur Cooper established stratigraphic correlations of Devonian rocks in the mid-western States and in New York State. Mark C. Bandy collected mineral specimens in the famous mineral localities of Chile. Gerrit S. Miller, Jr., studied the fauna of the Florida Keys, with particular reference to the mammals peculiar to that area. Dr. Doris M. Cochran investigated the am- phibian life of Brazil. Dr. Waldo Schmitt, as a member of the Hancock Pacific Expedition to the west coast of Central and South REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 19 America and the Galapagos Islands, collected specimens of marine life. Capt. R. A. Bartlett led an expedition to the Arctic which studied and collected the interesting marine life of the coasts of Greenland. Dr. David C. Graham continued to collect specimens of the mammal, bird, and insect fauna of little-known areas of Szechwan, China. Dr. Ale’ Hrdli¢ka continued his archeological excavations on Kodiak Island, Alaska. Neil M. Judd visited many of the antiquities of Mexico as a member of the United States delegation to the Seventh American Scientific Congress. Herbert W. Krieger studied the early Indian sites along the lower Potomac River in Maryland and Vir- ginia. M. W. Stirling examined a number of ancient Maya sites in Central America. Dr, F. H. H. Roberts, Jr., continued his investiga- tions of Folsom man in northern Colorado. Dr. Truman Michelson conducted Indian language studies on James and Hudson’s Bays, Canada. PUBLICATIONS The several series of publications issued by the Institution and its branches constitute its chief means of carrying on the “diffusion of knowledge among men”, as stipulated by its founder, James Smith- son. The majority of these publications are technical in character, but many others are in popular demand, notably the Smithsonian Annual Reports, which summarize scientific progress each year in 25 or 80 semi-popular articles by leading authorities; the bulletins of the Bureau of American Ethnology on various phases of the study of the Indians; and certain of the bulletins of the National Museum, such as Bent’s volumes on life histories of North American birds. The wider diffusion of scientific information has been aided in recent years by a service of popular science news releases, based on the researches of the Institution, which are widely used by leading newspapers, and this year by a weekly radio program on Smith- . sonian activities put on the air by the United States Office of Educa- tion in cooperation with the Institution’s editorial office. It is gratifying to report that this year a portion of the printing appropriation has been restored, so that it has been possible to resume publication in a small way of the bulletins and proceedings of the National Museum and the bulletins of the Bureau of American Eth- nology, all of which had been practically suspended for 3 years because of drastically reduced printing appropriations. This sus- pension overburdened the Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, a series supported by the limited private funds of the Institution, with many papers which would normally have appeared in the other series. The titles, authors, size, and date of appearance of all publica- tions issued during the year are listed in the editor’s report, appen- 20 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 dix 10. It may be said here that a total of 70 volumes and pamphlets were published; 54 of these were issued by the Institution proper, 13 by the National Museum, and 3 by the Bureau of American Ethnology. The number of publications distributed was 124,359. LIBRARY The Smithsonian library comprises 10 major and 35 minor units, which together contain a total of 860,000 volumes, pamphlets, and charts. The new accessions for the year numbered 11,215, most of these coming in exchange for the publications of the Institution and its branches. Outstanding among the accessions received were the semiprivate libraries of three of the members of the staff and associ- ates of the Institution, namely, the invertebrate paleontology library of Dr. E. O. Ulrich, the collection of works on orthoptera of the late Dr. A. N. Caudell, and the anthropological library of the late Dr. Walter Hough. The routine work of the staff included cata- loging 7,015 publications, preparing and filing 55,829 cards, entering 25,205 periodicals, and making 11,235 loans, of which 281 were to libraries outside the Smithsonian system. In addition, a large amount of cataloging and carding was accomplished in connection with the union catalog. The sorting, arranging, and labeling of the collection of thousands of miscellaneous items that had accumulated for years in the Smithsonian west stacks was practically finished, with the result that hundreds of needed publications were brought to light. It is significant in the growth of the library’s usefulness that the staff was called on for even more reference and bibliographi- cal service than usual, not only in connection with the Institution’s own scientific work but also in response to inquiries from its correspondents throughout the country. Respectfully submitted. C. G. Asgor, Secretary. APPENDIX 1 REPORT ON THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the con- dition and operation of the United States National Museum for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1936: Appropriations for the maintenance of the National Museum for the year totaled $760,742, which was $44,671 more than for 1935. COLLECTIONS Material added to the collections during the year embodied a great variety of valuable accessions, coming mostly as gifts from indi- viduals interested in the Museum and from expeditions sponsored by the Smithsonian. A total of 486,581 specimens were received, comprising 1,784 separate accessions and distributed among the five departments as follows: Anthropology, 4,856; biology, 263,705; geology, 213,024; arts and industries, 2,281; and history, 2,715. The more important of these accessions are summarized as follows: Anthropology.—Outstanding among the ethnological material re- ceived in the department of anthropology were the large Richard K. Peck collection of weapons, costumes, and other articles illustrating the decorative arts of the Negritos and Papuans of Dutch New Guinea and of the Dyaks of Borneo; and specimens illustrating the culture of the Jivaro Indians of Ecuador. In North American material the Sioux, Hopi, and Navaho Indian tribes were represented. President Franklin D. Roosevelt presented a collection of costumes, musical instruments, and weapons from the Cuna and Tule Indians of south- eastern Panama. There came also ethnologic artifacts from West and South Africa, Australia, China, and Japan. The noteworthy Virgil M. Hillyer collection of articles illustrating the history of lighting, with an endowment to the Smithsonian of $7,000, was presented by Mrs. Hillyer. Over 200 specimens were added to the collection of musical instruments. Of special interest among the archeological material received were the following: 557 Paleolithic artifacts from Palestine collected by the 1934 joint expedition of the British School of Archeology in Palestine and the American School of Prehistoric Research; several lots of earthenware, stone, shell, and other artifacts from Alabama, Alaska, 21 22, ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 Costa Rica, Puerto Rico; and over 1,100 archeological specimens from Kodiak Island, Alaska, collected by Dr. A. Hrdlicka in 1934 and now cataloged. Skeletal material comprised about 500 specimens, mostly from Kodiak Island and from prehistoric graves in Crimea. Biology—The Museum was singularly fortunate during the year in acquiring older biological collections containing many type speci- mens and otherwise important historical material that has served as a basis for monographic studies by recognized authorities. Also there was a marked increase in the number of species and genera acquired not heretofore represented in the Museum. In mammals the outstanding addition was 465 specimens from Africa, Asia, and South America, representing approximately 300 forms not previously available in our collections. Important bird specimens (skins and skeletons), many of them types, came from Siam, Rhodesia, Puerto Rico, Colombia, Honduras, West Africa, and Chile. There was added, in. particular, a skin of the South Trinidad petrel (Pterodroma arminjoniana), the first received in North America. The largest accession of amphibians and reptiles of the year comprised 1,600 specimens from several south-central States collected by Dr. C. EK. Burt. The ichthyological collections were enlarged by over 3,300 specimens, the most important single one being a large sailfish caught off Cocos Island, Costa Rica, by President Franklin D. Roosevelt and presented by him. Large series of fishes came from the Amazon River, as well as a representa- tive lot from Virginia. Noteworthy among the insect accessions may be mentioned the valuable Bovie collection of weevils received as a gift from L. L. Buchanan; the Beutenmiiller collection of Cynipidae ; 20,000 vials of ectoparasites of rodents received from the National Institute of Health; the Alan 8S. Nicolay collection of clerid beetles; 12,000 Chinese insects from the Rev. D. C. Graham; and about 44,000 miscellaneous insects. Over 11,000 marine inverte- brates of many kinds were added, including types of a number of new species. The mollusks totaled over 50,000 specimens (including 13,135 collected by Dr. J. P. E. Morrison, of the Museum staff, dur- ing several excursions into Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and the Carolinas). Over 54,000 plant specimens were added from many sources, outstanding among which was the large cactus collection of the late David Griffiths. 3 Geology.—Important acquisitions in mineralogy were obtained, as in former years, through the income from the Canfield, Roebling, and Chamberlain funds. An outstanding collection of Chilean min- erals, including what proved to be six new species, was made for the Canfield collection by Mark Bandy. The Roebling collection was enhanced by much new mineral material obtained from various REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 23 sources. Donated specimens and those received through exchange comprised many valuable minerals from many parts of the world. The total number of distinct meteorite representatives in the col- lection was increased from 592 to 606 during the year. The most important accession to the petrological collection was a series of anorthosites, interesting rock types, from Norway. In stratigraphic paleontology an important addition was about 100,000 specimens illustrating the Middle Devonian faunas of central New York, collected by Dr. G. A. Cooper a number of years ago and received in exchange from Colgate University. About 100,000 others, Middle Paleozoic rock specimens, came from Illinois, Indiana, Towa, and Michigan. Invertebrate fossils added represented Chile (Jurassic), Timor (Permian), Portugal (Ordovician), Oklahoma (Carboniferous), Florida (Miocene), and Hawaii (Pleistocene). The paleobotanical collections were enriched by rare types of fossil cones from the Cre- taceous of Maryland and the Eocene of North Dakota. Field expeditions in vertebrate paleontology yielded the following rarities: From Wyoming a nearly complete articulated skeleton of the mammal Coryphodon, so far as known the second entire specimen as yet found; from Montana articulated parts of the little-known dinosaur Procheniosaurus, fragments of Leptoceratops, and an adult skull of Brachyceratops. There were also added: a nearly complete skeleton of the edentate mammal Scelidodon capellini from South America and the only known complete skull of the Oligocene lizard Glyptosaurus giganteus. Arts and industries —The outstanding accession in aeronautics was the airplane Winnie Mae, flown by Wiley Post and Harold Gatty, and subsequently by Post alone in various record flights, which was pur- chased through funds provided by a special Congressional appropria- tion. The airplane Polar Star, of exploration fame, used by Lincoln Ellsworth in the first flight across Antarctica in November and De- cember 1935, in an expedition sponsored by the National Geographic Society, was received as a gift from Mr. Ellsworth. Propellers from the airships Macon and Akron were transferred from the Navy De- partment. ‘The collection of scale models of aircraft was increased by 14 specimens, including models of the following: The Short Brothers’ airplane of 1911; the Breguet sesquiplane Point d’[nterro- gation; the first plane built by Glenn Martin in 1909; a V-F-7-H; and the Baby Clipper. In mechanical technology the most important accession was the original locomotive Ad/antic, built at Baltimore in 1832, and the first locomotive to enter the National Capital. A Ford model T touring car of 1913, given by Harvey C. Locke, proved the most popular 24 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 transportation accession of the year. Two ship models were received from President Roosevelt: One of the R. M. S. Mauretania and the other of a modern seagoing trading junk of the island of Hainan, China. Capt. John B. Harrison presented two models of Chesapeake Bay vessels. Other important specimens, to the number of 951, were added to the collection of textiles, organic chemistry, wood technology, history of agriculture, and medicine, as well as many valuable drawings, water colors, photographs, prints, and photographic and printing equipment to the division of graphic arts. History.—Over 2,700 articles of historical and antiquarian value were received, many of them pertaining to the lives and careers of eminent Americans, such as Brand Whitlock, Maj. Gen. George A. Custer, Maj. Gen. Adolphus W. Greely, and Rear Admiral Winfield Scott Schley. Included also were 85 coins and 1,907 stamps for the numismatic and philatelic series. EXPLORATIONS AND FIELD WORK Work in a number of interesting fields of exploration was carried forward during the year, mainly through grants from the income of the invested funds of the Smithsonian Institution. Anthropology.—F rank M. Setzler, acting head curator, investi- gated a large shell midden on St. Simons Island, Ga., at the request of the Society for Georgia Archeology; he also made surface surveys at other Georgia localities. Under the joint auspices of the National Geographic Society and the Smithsonian Institution, H. B. Collins, Jr., assistant curator of ethnology, conducted archeological investigations of the prehistoric Eskimo at Cape Wales, Alaska, pursuant to previous studies at Ber- ing Strait, St. Lawrence Island, and Point Barrow. H. W. Krieger, curator of ethnology, spent brief periods in the study of aboriginal culture in tidewater Virginia and Maryland. Dr. AleS Hrdli¢ka, curator of physical anthropology, spent the summer of 1935 on Kodiak Island, Alaska, excavating at the same site where he worked during previous years. Biology.—Important biological work, supplementing that done in previous years by Dr. H. M. Smith, was carried on in Siam under a cooperative arrangement with H. G. Deignan, who forwarded a large shipment of birds and mammals. W. M. Perrygo, taxidermist, assisted by Carleton Lingebach, col- lected birds and mammals in the Appalachian region, in an effort to obtain for the Museum representative specimens for geographic dis- tribution studies. Dr. A. Wetmore, assistant secretary, made two collecting excursions to White Top Mountain and one to Spruce Knob and other moun- REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 25 tains in West Virginia, and obtained specimens of use in outlining the local ranges of certain birds. Dr. G. S. Myers, assistant curator of fishes, collected fishes in Dismal Swamp and the Chowan-Roanoke River systems, in connec- tion with a survey of Virginia fresh-water fishes begun in 1933. Under a grant from the Smithsonian Institution, the curator of mollusks, Dr. Paul Bartsch, began some breeding experiments with the mollusk Gonzobasis virginica of the Potomac drainage, in an attempt to ascertain the effect of different environmental conditions on animals from the upper and lower parts of the river. Dr. J.P. E. Morrison on his own initiative collected mollusks for the Museum in the Blue Ridge and Shenandoah country. Other biological field work included that of Austin H. Clark in a study of Virginia butterflies, in which he made a preliminary survey of 75 counties of the State; of P. W. Oman, who made an extensive collection (about 40,000 specimens) of Homoptera in the West; of E. P. Killip, who collected plants on the Florida Keys; of Dr. C. E. Burt, who continued his collecting for the Museum of herpetological specimens from the south-central States; and of Dr. R. E. Black- welder, holder of the Walter Rathbone Bacon Traveling Scholarship of the Smithsonian Institution, who visited many of the islands of the West Indies in a study of staphilinid beetles, Geology—Mark C. Bandy spent four months in the Atacama Desert region of Chile in the interests of the Museum mineral collec- tions in cooperation with Harvard University. At the end of the year Assistant Curator E. P. Henderson was col- lecting in an extensive limestone contact zone on Prince of Wales Island, Alaska. Dr. G. A. Cooper, stratigraphic paleontologist, made a number of field trips—to Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and New York, as well as the Midwest and Ontario—to obtain Middle Devonian rocks and other geological specimens. Dr. C. E. Resser, curator of stratigraphic paleontology, spent two months in the southern Appalachians studying Cambrian geology. The field explorations of vertebrate fossils under the direction of C. W. Gilmore begun last year were continued, and collections were made in the Two Medicine formation of Montana and the Wasatch of the Big Horn Basin, Wyo., with good results. Late in the year Dr. C. L. Gazin headed an expedition into the vertebrate-fossil fields of New Mexico and Arizona. MISCELLANEOUS Visitors.—Visitors to the various Museum buildings during the year totaled 1,973,673, an increase of 135,981 over last year and over 44,000 more than has ever before been recorded for a single year. The 26 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 312,031 visitors during August 1935 is the largest ever recorded for a single month. The annual attendance in the several buildings was recorded as follows: Smithsonian Building, 312,896; Arts and Indus- tries Building, 873,533; Natural History Building, 635,561; Aircratt Building, 151,683. Publications—A small increase in the Museum allotment for print- ing resulted in a corresponding increase in the number of papers published. Thirteen publications were issued—the Annual Report, 11 Proceedings papers, and 1 number of the Contributions from the National Herbarium. These are listed elsewhere in this report (ap- pendix 10). Volumes and separates distributed during the year to libraries and individuals throughout the world aggregated 33,936 copies. Under direction of the Museum editor, Paul H. Oehser, a sizable start has now been made on the long task of compiling the compre- hensive index to Museum publications, now 3 years in progress. The index now comprises about 183,500 cards and is complete through Bulletin 47 and Proceedings, volume 17. Assistance from work-relief agencies—Under supervision of the curatorial staff of the Museum, a great deal of work was performed during the year by personnel assigned to the Museum by the Federal Art Project, the Federal Emergency Relief Administration, and the Works Progress Administration, the latter two through the District of Columbia Government. The work performed was chiefly as follows: Checking, labeling, and repairing library material, preparing draw- ings and photographs, typing, preparing and mounting specimens and miscellaneous work on them, model making and repairing, labeling and drafting, translating, and work on plaster casts. The work aggregated 28,572 man-hours. Special exhibitions Fifteen special exhibitions were held during the year under the auspices of various scientific, educational, and Gov- ernment agencies, including, among others, the Association of Federal Architects, Washington Philatelic Society, Center of Inter-American Studies of George Washington University, District of Columbia Dental Society, and Works Progress Administration. Changes in organization and stafi—Through a reorganization of the fiscal offices of the Institution effective July 1, 1935, all fiscal work was coordinated under the direction of N. W. Dorsey, accountant and auditor. All fiscal matters pertaining to Museum appropriations are now handled through Thomas F. Clark, assistant accountant and auditor. Frank M. Setzler, assistant curator of archeology, was advanced to the position of curator of anthropology on December 16, 1985, and at the same time was named acting head curator of the department of anthropology. Paul S. Conger, of the Carnegie Insti- REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 27 tution of Washington, was appointed honorary custodian of diatoms on February 29, 1936. Royal H. Trembly was advanced on November 16, 1935, from assistant superintendent to superintendent of buildings and labor, succeeding J. S. Goldsmith, retired; and on February 16, 1936, Charles C. Sinclair, senior mechanic, was promoted to assistant super- intendent. Lawrence L. Oliver, assistant property clerk, was ad- vanced on October 1, 1935, to the position of property clerk, succeed- ing the late W. A. Knowles; and Stephen C. Stuntz was transferred on November 1, 1935, from the Smithsonian hbrary and made assist- ant property clerk. Floyd B. Kestner was appointed junior photog- rapher on September 3, 1935; William EK. Wade, undermechanic, was promoted on September 1, 1935, to succeed George H. Sherwood as assistant engineer; Joseph H. Boswell was transferred to the Museum from the National Gallery of Art guard force on December 9, 1935, to succeed H. G. Lugenbeel as principal guard in the Freer Gallery. Carl W. Mitman, head curator of arts and industries, was desig- nated as Smithsonian contact officer in connection with the Texas Centennial Exposition; and Norman H. Boss, chief preparator in vertebrate paleontology, as exhibits supervisor of this exhibit. Ten Museum employees were transferred from the active to the retired list for age or disability during the year, as follows: Earl V. Shannon, assistant curator of physical and chemical geology, on July 31, 1935, through disability; James S. Goldsmith, superintendent of buildings and labor, on October 31, 1935, through age, after 53 years of service; George H. Sherwood, assistant engineer, through age, and William J. Sammond, assistant engineer, for disability, on August 31, 1935 and May 31, 1936, respectively; John M. Barrett, junior scientific aid, on February 29, 1936, through age, after 4514 years of service; Harry G..Lugenbeel, sergeant of the Freer Gallery guard force, on October 12, 1935, through disability, after 42 years of service; John Hammerstrom, guard, through age, and Thomas N. Stanford, guard, through disability, on September 30 and Novem- ber 29, 1935, respectively; and Mrs. Maria Ezell and Mrs. Maggie Johnson, of the char force, through disability. Necrology—tThe year was marked by the loss of several men long associated with the National Museum, including three active workers and four honorary staff members, as follows: Dr. Walter Hough, head curator of anthropology, who died on September 20, 1935, after almost 50 years of service; William A. Knowles, property clerk, who died on July 29, 1935, after 48 years of service; August Flegel, guard, on February 28, 1936, after 10 years of service; and, from the honor- ary staff, Dr. Albert Spear Hitchcock, custodian of grasses since October 10, 1912, who died on December 16, 1935; Andrew Nelson 28 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 Caudell, custodian of orthoptera since December 19, 1905, who died on March 1, 1936; Dr. William Louis Abbott, associate in zoology since March 25, 1905, who died on April 2, 1936; and Dr. August Frederick Foerste, associate in paleontology since September 1932, who died on April 23, 1936. Respectfully submitted. ALEXANDER WETMORE, Assistant Secretary. Dr. Cuartes G. ABgor, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. APPENDIX 2 REPORT ON THE NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the activi- ties of the National Gallery of Art for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1936: In the last 12 months much of the business of the Gallery has related to the care, protection, and restoration of paintings in the possession of the Government. Six were cleaned, relined, and restored for the United States National Museum. Forty-nine of the paintings in the White House were cleaned, varnished, and protected; one was mounted on masonite. The Harriet Lane Johnston paintings in the Gallery were all cleaned, varnished, and covered at the back with sisal kraft paper. Three of these were cleaned of varnish and care- fully restored. An air-conditioning unit for humidity and temperature control has been installed in the storage workroom. The temperature is main- tained at from 70° to 78°, and the relative humidity is held to a varia- tion of about 20 percent, from 50 to 70 percent, which is a great improvement over the conditions outside. In addition to the better preservation of our paintings and works of art, it would seem that the conditioned temperature and humidity would reduce the forma- tion of mold and the activity of insects. APPROPRIATIONS For the administration of the National Gallery of Art by the Smithsonian Institution, including compensation of necessary em- ployees, purchase of books of reference and periodicals, traveling expenses, uniforms for guards, and necessary incidental expenses, $34,275.00 was appropriated, of which $16,153.34 was expended for the care and maintenance of the Freer Gallery of Art, a unit of the National Gallery. ~ THE NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART COMMISSION The fifteenth annual meeting of the National Gallery of Art Com- mission was held at the Smithsonian Institution on December 10, 1935. The members present were: Frank Jewett Mather, Jr., vice chair- man; Dr. Charles G. Abbot (ex officio), secretary ; and Herbert Adams, 101898—36——3 29 30 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 Gifford Beal, Charles L. Borie, Jr., Frederick P. Keppel, John E. Lodge, Paul Manship, George B. McClellan, Charles Moore, Edward W. Redfield, and Mahonri M. Young. Ruel P. Tolman, cmcron of the division of graphic arts in the United States Neon Museum and acting director of the National Gallery of Art, was also present. In response to a resolution adopted at the last caeetime a report on the future of the National Gallery of Art was presented by the execu- tive committee. The available sites for a National Gallery of Art and the announced plans of Andrew W. Mellon were discussed. The death of Joseph H. Gest, chairman of the Commission, on J une 26, 1935, was announced, and resolutions, submitted by Op. Abbot, were adopted. The following officers were elected for the ensuing year: Charles L. Borie, Jr., chairman; Frank Jewett Mather, Jr., vice chairman; and Dr. Charles G. Abbot, secretary; as well as the members of the executive committee: Charles Moore, Herbert Adams, and George B. McClellan. Charles L. Borie, Jr., as chairman of the Commission, and Dr. Charles G. Abbot, as secretary of the Commission, are ex officio members. The Commission recommended to the Board of Regents the re- election for the succeeding term of 4 years of the following mem- bers: James E. Fraser, Frank J. Mather, Jr., and Edmund C. Tarbell. Messrs. Borie, Keppel, and Young were appointed to suggest the names of three persons from which the Commission should select one for recommendation to the Board of Regents to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Joseph Gest. The Commission viewed certain works of art offered to the Gal- lery within the year, and selected the following: Portrait of Hon. John B. Henderson and portrait of Mrs. Henderson (Mary Newton Foote Henderson), by Jean Joseph Benjamin-Constant (1845-1902). Gift of the heirs of Mrs. Mary F. Henderson through Dr. Moore. (Accepted for the National Portrait Gallery.) Portrait of His Majesty King George V of Great Britain, by Frank O. Salis- bury. Presented to President Roosevelt for the American Nation by the artist. (Accepted for the National Portrait Gallery.) A plaque of Francis Davis Millet (1846-1912), by Augustus St. Gaudens. Gift of Ernst G. Fischer. A collection of 497 intaglio prints by members of the Chicago Society of Ktchers. Gift of the Chicago Society of Etchers, through the president, Lee Sturgis, the executive board of the society, and Mrs. Bertha E. Jaques, its secretary-treasurer. A collection of 47 fans. Gift of the estate of Virginia Woodbury Lowery Brunetti, Duchess of Arcos, deceased. Four dry-points: “Antarctica”, “The Rivals’, “Twilight of the Gods”, and “Scouts”; and two etchings: “Birds of the Sea” and “Witches’ Sabbath a la Mode”, by Paul F. Berdanier, Sr. Gift of the artist. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 31 “Kayser’s Pond” (Maine), by J. B. Bristol, N. A. Bequeathed to the United States National Museum by Martha L. Loomis, late of Framingham, Mass. Transferred to the National Gallery of Art. THE CATHERINE WALDEN MYER FUND One English and three Early American Miniatures, were acquired from the fund established through the bequest of the late Catherine Walden Myer, “for the purchase of first-class works of art for the use and benefit of the National Gallery of Art”, as follows: “Portrait of a Man”, by Benjamin Trott (about 1770-1839) ; from Mrs. Alba D. Walling, Boston, Mass. “A Colonial Gentleman”, by artist undetermined; from Mrs. Wells Peckham (Mrs. Elliott Peckham), Washington, D. C. “Portrait of a Man”, by Robert Field (about 1769-1819), and “Portrait of a Man, I H”, artist undetermined; from Miss M. V. Stiles, Savannah, Ga. LOANS ACCEPTED BY THE GALLERY Portrait (three-quarter length) of Dr. Charles Greeley Abbot, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, by Nicholas R. Brewer, 1935. Lent by the artist. Portrait of the Honorable Charles Evans Hughes, Chief Justice of the United States and Chancellor of the Shendih negra Institution, by George Burroughs Torrey, 1935. Lent by Chief Justice Eones Plaster bas-relief portrait of Honorable Charles Evans Hughes, by Harry Lewis Raul. Lent by Chief Justice Hughes. LOANS BY THE GALLERY The portraits of Cardinal Desire Joseph Mercier, Admiral Sir David Beatty, and Premier Georges Clemenceau, by Cecilia Beaux, N. A., leaders in the World War, from the National Art Committee collection for the National Portrait Gallery, were lent to The Ameri- can Academy of Arts and Letters, New York City, for an exhibition from November 15, 1935, to May 1, 1936, of the works of Miss Beaux. Two were returned, and the portrait of Premier Georges Clemenceau was shipped from New York directly to the Texas Centennial Exposition. A selection of nine paintings from the William T. Evans and other collections were lent to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond, to be shown in the inaugural exhibition of that museum from January 18 to March’1, 1936, as follows: “Villa Malta”, by Sanford R. Gifford; “Aurora Borealis”, by Frederic E. Church; “High Cliff, Coast of Maine”, by Winslow Homer; “September Afternoon”, by George Inness; “November”, by Dwight Tryon; “The Cup of Death”, by Elihu Vedder; “Water Lilies”, by Walter Shir- 4 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 law; “Fired On”, by Frederic Remington; “The Mirror”, by Robert Reid. These paintings were returned to the Gallery March 2, 1936. Five portraits which were lent to the Public Library of the District of Columbia for exhibition in the central library on June 18, 1935, were returned February 28, 1936. They are: “John Tyler”, by George P. A. Healy; “A Lady”, by Gilbert Stuart; “Col. Robert Charles Wetmore”, by Henry Inman; “Andrew Jackson”, by Rem- brandt Peale; “Commodore Stephen Decatur”, by Gilbert Stuart. Three portraits and two subject-paintings were lent to the Public Library of the District of Columbia for exhibition in the central library on February 28, 1936, and are still in its custody at the close of the fiscal year. They are: “Portrait of Henry B. Fuller”, by George Fuller; “Portrait of Jessie J. Burge”, by Abbott H. Thayer; “Portrait of Wyatt Eaton”, by J. Alden Weir; “The Visit of the Mistress”, by Winslow Homer; “Moonlight”, by Albert P. Ryder. The Procurement Division of the United States Treasury, through Robert LeFevre, on April 24, 1936, borrowed, with the consent of their owner, William Kemeys, of Garrett Park, Md., two pieces of sculpture by Edward Kemeys: “Buffalo and Wolves” (bronze) and “Jaguar and Peccary” (plaster). They are now in the small meeting room in the Connecting Building, Constitution Avenue. The painting by John La Farge entitled “Visit of Nicodemus to Christ” was lent to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City, for an exhibition of the work of John La Farge from March 23 to April 26, 1936. This was returned to the Gallery on May 1, 1936. The “Portrait of Walter Shirlaw”, by Frank Duveneck, was lent to the Cincinnati Museum of Art, Cincinnati, Ohio, for an exhibition of the works of Duveneck from May 22 to June 21, 1936. Owing to the local interest shown in the work of this Ohio painter, permission was granted to extend the exhibition through September 7. The painting “Fired On”, by Frederic Remington, and the “Por- trait of Premier Georges Clemenceau”, by Cecilia Beaux, have been lent to The Dallas Museum of Fine Arts for exhibition at the Texas Centennial Exposition, 1936, Dallas, Tex., from June 6 to November 29, 1936; also two small bronzes by Edward Kemeys, “Bear” and “Coyote” from the Kemeys loan collection, with permission of their owner, William Kemeys. The painting entitled “The Moose Chase”, by George DeForest Brush, has been lent, through the Carnegie Public Library at Fort Worth, Tex., to the Fort Worth Frontier Centennial Exposition, being held at Fort Worth from July 1 to November 30, 1936. WITHDRAWALS BY OWNERS The four large portraits, George Washington, Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay, and W. W. Corcoran, lent to the Gallery through Chief REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 33 Justice J. Harry Covington in January 1917, during reconstruction of the Court building, were returned to the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia through Chief Justice Alfred A. Wheat in September 1935. Walter A. Swinney, of Baltimore, Md., on August 1, 1935, with- drew his painting, The Holy Family, which had been in the care of the Gallery since February 1920. The self portrait by George Catlin was returned on October 17, 1935, to Miss Mary Cogswell Kinney, of New York City, grand- daughter of the subject, who lent it in July 1933. An oil painting, On the Lido, Venice, by H. Corrodi, Rome, received in October 1927, was, on October 22, 1935, delivered, by direc- tion of the owner, Mrs. Arthur T. Brice, to the Women’s National Democratic Club, Washington, D. C. Two early American portraits by Thomas Sully (1783-1872) of Mr. and Mrs. John Crathorne Montgomery, lent by Mrs. Mary Mont- gomery Norton in 1932, were, by authorization of Mrs. Norton, with- drawn on November 8, 1935, by Mr. Robert Montgomery, of Villanova, Pa. The large painting by George DeForest Brush, Indian Burial, lent to the Gallery in July 1931 by Mr. and Mrs. Brush, was with- drawn by them on June 9, 1986. The plaster death mask of Napoleon, signed Antommarchi, lent to the Gallery in April 1927 by Mrs. Louise Rochon Hoover, of Washington, D. C., was withdrawn by Mrs. Hoover in January 1936. Eleven paintings and one marble, received as a loan in 1910 from the Duchess de Arcos, were withdrawn by her estate on February 18, 1936. SPECIAL EXHIBITIONS Eight exhibitions were held, as follows: September 19 to October 6, 1935.—Exhibition of national and international high school art, sponsored by the American Federation of Arts and Scholastic, the American High School Weekly. Invi- tations to an informal opening and an illustrated catalog contained in a special number of Scholastic were issued by the sponsors. October 18 to November 14, 1935 Exhibition of 497 intaglio prints, etchings, engravings, and drypoints, executed by members of the Chicago Society of Etchers; offered as a gift to the Gallery by the president, Lee Sturgis, the executive board of the society, and Mrs. Bertha E. Jaques, its secretary-treasurer. Cards were issued by the Gallery ; each print was labeled in lieu of a catalog. December 5, 1935, to January 5, 1936—Exhibition of miniatures (53) by members of the American Society of Miniature Painters, New York City, under the auspices of that society and Mrs. Elsie Dodge 34 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 Pattee, president. Cards were issued by the Gallery; each item was labeled in lieu of a catalog. February 5 to 29, 1936—Exhibition of pastels, water colors, etch- ings, drawings, and lithographs (70) by Mons Breidvik, Norwegian artist, of New York City. Cards were issued by the Gallery to an opening view, and the artist provided a small folder catalog. February 5 to 29, 1936.—An exhibition of portraits (37) by Bjorn P. Egeli, of Washington, D. C. Cards to an opening view were issued by the Gallery, and the artist provided a folder catalog. February 6 to 29, 1936 Exhibition of vitreous enamels (six speci- mens) by Frances and Richard MacGraw, of New York and Wash- ington. Cards to the opening view were issued by the Gallery; there was no catalog, labels telling the story. April 8 to 29, 1936.—Exhibition of the First Annual Metropolitan State Art Contest, 1936; under the auspices of the Department of Fine Arts of the District of Columbia Federation of Women’s Clubs, Mrs. Samuel A. Swiggett, chairman, cooperating with the following seven Washington art organizations: The Arts Club; the League of Amer- ican Pen Women; Miniature Society; Society of Washington Artists; Washington Landscape Club; Washington Society of Etchers; Wash- ington Water Color Club; and a free lance group. There were 339 exhibits, prints, paintings, and sculpture, by 170 artists; all were labeled. Cards were issued by the Gallery to an opening view. June 10 to 30, 1936—An exhibition of paintings, the work of chil- dren receiving free art instruction in 240 settlement houses and social agencies in the New York area, under the auspices of the Federal Art Project of the Works Progress Administration. THE NATIONAL GALLERY REFERENCE LIBRARY The library has been increased materially by numerous gifts and purchases. Miss Helen G. Rankin was temporarily employed as librarian. SPECIAL DETAILS The Acting Director was detailed from November 13 to 18, 1935, to attend the opening of the Cecilia Beaux exhibition at the gallery of the Society of Arts and Letters, New York City, and to study the art collections and methods of exhibiting in various art institutions, including the Morgan Library, the Museum of Modern Art, the Roerich Museum, the Museum of the City of New York, the Brook- lyn Museum of Arts and Sciences, and the Metropolitan Museum of Art; and in Philadelphia, at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, the exhibit of contemporary American miniatures and water colors. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 35 A second detail from February 6 to 9, 19386, was granted to visit the new Art Museum at Richmond, Va., as well as the Art Academy and the Valentine’s Museum, but the real occasion of this trip was to study the 300 or more American miniatures assembled in the Gibbes Memorial Art Gallery at Charleston, S. C. This is one of a series of exhibitions of Early American miniatures which this gallery has brought together in the last few years. These exhibitions have been the means of discovering the names of artists not before known, as well as much new information about others. PUBLICATIONS ToLMAN, R. P. Report on the National Gallery of Art for the year-.ending June 30, 1935. Appendix 2, Report of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution for the year ending June 30, 1935, pp. 24-30. Lopcr, J. EK. Report on the Freer Gallery of Art for the year ending June 30, 1985. Appendix 8, Report of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution for the year ending June 30, 1935, pp. 31-84, pls. 1-2. CaTALoc: Smithsonian Institution, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D. C. Catalogue of the Works of Mons Breidvik, February 5 to 29, 1936. Folder of 4 pp. Privately printed. CATALOG: Smithsonian Institute[ion], National Gallery of Art, Washington, D. C. Portraits by Bjorn Hgeli, February 5-29, 1936. Folder of 4 pp. Privately printed. CaTatoc: Scholastic Art Exhibition. Illustrated Catalog of the Highth Annual High School Art Exhibition, April 23 to May 12, Carnegie Galleries, 1935 (National Gallery of Art, U. S. National Museum, September 19 to October 6, 1935), pp. 1-16. Privately printed. Respectfully submitted. R. P. Totman, Acting Director. Dr. C. G. Axszor, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. APPENDIX 3 REPORT ON THE FREER GALLERY OF ART Sir: I have the honor to submit the sixteenth annual report on the Freer Gallery of Art for the year ending June 30, 1936: THE COLLECTIONS Additions to the collections by purchase are as follows: BRASS 36.7. Persian, dated A. H. 607 (A. D. 1210). A pen-box; dark gray patina. The decoration is inlaid in silver and includes inscriptions in naskhi seript embellished with human and animal heads. 0.050 by 0.314 by 0.064. (Illustrated. ) BRONZE 35.21-35.22. Chinese, early Chou dynasty. A pair of tigers. White bronze with an even green patina and traces of earth adhesions. Dec- oration in low relief. 21. Length, 0.752, height, 0.252 over all, weight, 48% lbs. 22, Length, 0.759, height, 0.251 over all, weight, 5344 Ibs. (Illustrated. ) 386.3. Chinese, earlier than the Han dynasty. A mirror-back. Dull brown patina with areas of green aerugo and earthy incrustation. Decorated with a design of dragons, inlaid in gold and silver. Diameter, 0.195. (Illustrated. ) 36.4. Chinese, Han dynasty; dated in correspondence with A. D. 202. A mirror. Shiny black patina and occasional spots of light green aerugo. The back is decorated with figures of cosmic deities and symbols in high relief. Inscription. Diameter, 0.134. (WHlustrated.) 36.6. Chinese, Chou dynasty. A ceremonial covered vessel of the type huo, in the form of an elephant; with a second elephant in miniature on the cover. Light apple-green patina. The surface is ornamented with formalized designs in low relief. 0.172 by 0.212 by 0.106 over all. (Illustrated. ) MANUSCRIPT 36.9-36.12. Persian, sixteenth century. Four leaves from a manuscript book of Yusuf u-Zulaikha by Jami. Hach leaf of manuscript is inlaid in a larger leaf of colored paper upon which border-designs of ani- mals, birds, plants, and rocks, or of floral scrolls, are executed in gold. 0.252 by 0.150 over all. PAINTING 36.1. Indian, Mughal-Rajput, seventeenth century. Two ladies attended by serving women and musicians seated under a flowering locust tree. Delicate colors and gold on paper. 0.216 by 0.146. 36 PLATE 1 Secretary's Report 1936.—Appendix 3 SOME RECENT ADDITIONS TO THE COLLECTIONS OF THE FREER GALLERY OF ART. Secretary's Report 1936.—Appendix 3 PLATE 2 SOME RECENT ADDITIONS TO THE CCLLECTIONS OF THE FREER GALLERY OF ART. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 37 36.14. Indian, Mughal, seventeenth century. Prince Dara Shikoh and two musi- cians visiting the ascetic Kamal. Color and gold on paper. 0.254 by 0.147. 35.23-39.24. Persian, Mongol period, early fourteenth century. Two illustra- tions from a manuscript book of the Shdadh-ndma of Firdausi. Full color and gold on paper: .23. Alexander and the Talking Tree. 0.242 by 0.285. 24. Bahram Gtr in the treasure vault of golden animals filled with jewels. 0.208 by 0.285. 30.20. Persian, Safawi period, sixteenth century. A woman in a green coat. Color and gold on paper, 0.200 by 0.141. 36.8. Persian, Mongol period, early fourteenth century. School of Tabriz. Illus- tration from the Jami ‘uwt-Tawarikh by Rashid ud-Din: A parley be- tween two groups of Moslem horsemen. Color and gold on paper, 0.131 by 0.226. POTTERY 36.13. Chinese, Sung dynasty. Kuan yao: a cup with foliate edge; low foot with thin brown rim (chipped). Dense, hard clay ; lustrous green-gray glaze. 0.039 by 0.084. 36.2. Syro-Hgyptian, eleventh-twelfth century. A bowl, intact. Soft, sandy clay ; brownish-cream glaze (crazed). The decoration, painted in gold luster with ruby reflections, is made up of the words for felicity, pleas- ure, and wealth executed in an ornamental Kufie script. 0.089 by 0.210. SCULPTURE 36.5. Persian (Daghestan), twelfth-thirteenth century (?). Semicircular pediment (broken in two and repaired) from above a double window. Decoration of animals and plants in moderately high countersunk relief. Gray limestone. 0.785 by 1.820 by 0.165. (illustrated. ) Curatorial work has largely consisted in the study of Chinese, Japanese, Armenian, Arabic, Persian, and East Indian objects in the collection, of the texts and seals associated with them, and in the preparation of this material for Gallery records. Much time has been devoted, also, to the examination of objects submitted to the Curator for expert opinion as to provenance, age, meaning, or other significance. Written or oral reports on these objects were made to the institutions or private owners who asked for this service. Six hundred and seventy-three objects, 225 photographs of objects, and 18 inscriptions for translation were dealt with in this way. Changes in exhibition have involved a total of 99 objects, as follows: Bronzes: Chinese e 212 = es re a 8 ee 19 Paintings: PANT Te CAT a sa ae te aed ee 42 (©The we 6 ANAM OSC iea: See Nae ee Ree ee oe ee 20 IPO EST AEE Ce TERE etn ee I eb ya BSS ee eae 11 Sculpture wBersiqna=| aaa al 38 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 ATTENDANCE The Gallery has been open to the public every day from 9 until 4:30 o’clock, with the exception of Mondays, Christmas Day, and New Year’s Day. The total attendance of visitors coming in at the main entrance was 123,418. The total attendance for weekdays, exclusive of Mon- days, was 85,697; for Sundays, 37,721. The average week-day at- tendance was 329; the average Sunday attendance, 725. The highest monthly attendance was reached in April (21,807) and August (13,919). The lowest monthly attendance was in December (5,460). The total attendance of visitors on Mondays, by the south entrance, was 99, making a grand total attendance of 123,517. There were 1,942 visitors to the offices during the year. The purposes of their visits were as follows: Hor. general; information== 2) 23 e3 0 Oi ae ee ee ee eee 346 To ‘see. objects in: storage. = Sess ee eee ee ee 545 Kar Dastern: paintings 322 eee 1 a ee Se es a ee 134 Near Hastern paintings and manuscripts_—-__----------___-_-___-_ 3 Indians paintings; and) manuscripts" 2s 4 Arya @ re @ enn: peas Hina a y= a sO eS ee 184 A999 ts Cho lan =) oC) aT OU a cee ge a NE I ue en Ce a 14 Nya Ew GEE Wa Wy OY Gy eK 0 os seen re A Ae Pp se eee 2 Oriental pottery, bronzes, jades, sculptures_______-_______________ 158 Wiese Horas MA eayTn US CTs yo BS eee eS oa A 46 To examine building and installation____________________________________ 23 Mor readin Gee UOTE ys ELE I AU ER ese a, OPER) eee a 235 To make tracings and sketches from library books_______________________ 11 To obtain permission to photograph or sketch_______-____________________ 24 Norexamine)oy, purchases photographs= ies a ee eee 365 orsubmit objects; ory examina ti yas ea eee ee 153 Topsee»members ot. the Sta iiss 2 se ee 240 LECTURES A course of four lectures on Persian Painting was given by Kustache de Lorey, former Director of the French Institute of Arts and Archaeology, Damascus, Syria, as follows: Wednesday, March 11: Firdausi, Inspirer of Art. Thursday, March 12: Islam and China. Friday, March 13: The Height of Persian Miniature Painting, XV Century. Saturday, March 14: Behzad, the Great Painter of the Persian Renaissance. The total attendance at these lectures was 634. Nineteen lectures and illustrated talks were given by members of the staff—at Columbia University and at the Gallery. REPORE OF THE SECRETARY 39 DOCENT SERVICE Ninety-six groups ranging from 1 to 41 persons (total 413) were given docent service in the exhibition galleries upon request (of these 19 groups, totaling 23 persons, came on Mondays). Thirteen groups, totaling 193 persons, were given instruction in Chinese and Japanese arts in the study rooms. PERSONNEL Grace T. Whitney worked intermittently at the Gallery between October 7, 1935, and June 24, 1936, on the translation of Persian and Arabic texts. Frank West, laborer, died on October 26, 1935. Grace Aasen Parler, librarian, resigned her position on December 16, 1985. Elizabeth Hill, who first reported for duty on November 11, 1935, was appointed librarian on December 17, 1935. Harry G. Lugenbeel, sergeant, who had served the Gallery faith- fully and efficiently since December 6, 1921, retired on October 12, 1935. He was succeeded by Joseph H. Boswell, whose appointment as sergeant was made on December 9, 1935. Respectfully submitted. J. E. Loner, Curator. Dr. C. G. Axssor, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. I APPENDIX 4 REPORT ON THE BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the field researches, office work, and other operations of the Bureau of Ameri- can Ethnology during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1936, conducted in accordance with the act of Congress of February 2, 1935. The act referred to contains the following item: American ethnology: For continuing ethnological researches among the Amer- ean Indians and the natives of Hawaii, the excavation and preservation of archeologic remains under the direction of the Smithsonian Institution, includ- ing necessary employees, the preparation of manuscripts, drawings, and illustra- tions, the purchase of books and periodicals, and traveling expenses, $58,730.00. SYSTEMATIC RESEARCHES At the beginning of the fiscal year M. W. Stirling, Chief of the Bureau, was in southern Florida for the purpose of locating arche- ological sites which it was anticipated would be excavated later in the year with relief labor. Mr. Stirling returned to Washington the latter part of July. In December two Works Progress Admin- istration archeological projects having been approved on request of the Florida State Archaeological Survey in cooperation with the Smithsonian Institution, Mr. Stirling again went to Florida in order to consult with Works Progress Administration officials and super- vise the establishing of the projects in Hillsborough and Dade Coun- ties. He returned to Washington December 22. During the visit of a Blackfoot Indian delegation to Washington in the month of March 1936 opportunity was taken to make further checks and modi- fications on the sign language material of the late Gen. Hugh L. Scott. Dr. John R. Swanton, ethnologist, devoted the greater part of his time during the first half of the fiscal year to the arrangement of the Timucua linguistic material under stems. Further material was added to his large paper on the Indians of the Southeast. On De- cember 26, 1935, Dr. Swanton was appointed by the President a mem- ber of a commission of seven “to study and report to the next session of Congress its recommendations for a suitable celebration of the four-hundredth anniversary of the expedition of Hernando de Soto.” 40 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 41 A later act of Congress extends the time within which the report may be made to January 2, 1939. Since this appointment was made, the activities of the Commission have absorbed a great deal of his time, involving as they do the promotion of research in foreign deposi- tories of manuscripts, particularly those of Spain, the translation of - Spanish works, and especially a study and determination, as far as that is possible, of the route taken by the great explorer and his suc- cessor, Moscoso, through territories now covered by 10 States of the Union. This involves the use of library materials and direct study in the field. At the request of the other members of the Commission, Dr. Swanton acted in.the capacity of temporary chairman in arrang- ing the first meeting, March 5 to 7, in the Smithsonian Building. At this meeting Dr. Swanton accepted the permanent chairmanship of the Commission, with the understanding, however, that he was to serve only until the factual report is made. A second meeting was held at Tampa, Fla., on May 4 to 6» After this was over, he accom- panied Col. J. R. Fordyce, vice-chairman of the Commission, in an investigation of parts of the route of De Soto between Florida and Mississippi, and May 30 to June 18 he made a second expedition to examine that section between South Carolina and the Mississippi River. During the year an interesting and ethnologically important letter bearing on the Indians of Florida was brought to Dr. Swanton’s attention by Dr. Lucy L. Wenhold, of Salem College, Winston-Salem, N.C. A negative photostat of this document is also in the possession of the Florida State Historical Society, which has kindly loaned the use of it in making a positive copy, and this is being prepared for publication in the Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections with anno- tations by Dr. Swanton and Dr. Wenhold. On July 3, 19385, Dr. Truman Michelson, ethnologist, started on an expedition to the region of James and Hudson Bays, made possible by a Subvention from the American Council of Learned Societies. The object was to make a linguistic map of this area. He spent some weeks at Moose Factory, about 10 days at the Great Whale River, a little over 2 weeks at Fort George, and a day at Rupert’s House, and returned to Washington September 20. Besides getting data from the Indians and Eskimos of these places, he was able to get in contact with one Indian from the East Main River, one Cree from Wenusk, on the west side of Hudson Bay, one Cree from the Albany River, who had also been at Attawapiskat, and one Ojibwa from the Albany River. Data from some of the more remote localities were obtained by indirect means. His observations indicate that the folklore and mythology of these northern tribes are far closer to those of the Central Algonquian tribes than is usually thought. 42 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 On June 5, under a new grant from the American Council of Learned Societies, Dr. Michelson left Washington to renew his studies among the Indians and Eskimos of the James and Hudson Bays region. The entire fiscal year was spent by Dr. John P. Harrington, eth- nologist, in study of the Mission Indians of California, compiling complete notes for the forthcoming edition of the Boscana manu- script of 1882, which tells in 15 chapters of the life and religion of these Indians. This important manuscript of the early Franciscan Father Boscana, a missionary born in Catalonia, Spain, and stationed for years among the Mission Indians, was recently discovered by Dr. Harrington and a literal English translation of it without notes has already been published. As a byproduct of the preparation of these notes an interesting account of the ethnology of the Mission Indians has been assembled, covering their mode of life, dress, food, sociology, religion, language, and knowledge of nature. The presence of Mission Indians in Washington has constantly enhanced and perfected this work throughout the fiscal year. At the beginning of the fiscal year Dr. Frank H. H. Roberts, Jr., was engaged in excavations at the Lindenmeier site ‘north of Fort Collins, Colo. This work was continued until September 10. The Lindenmeier site is the location where the first series of stone imple- ments definitely attributable to the Folsom complex, the oldest estab- lished horizon in the archeology of North America, was found in the autumn of 1934. The investigations of the 1935 season were a continuation of those begun the preceding fall and consisted of in- tensive excavation of certain portions of the site. The digging brought forth additional information which makes possible the draw- ing of more detailed conclusions on the material culture of Folsom man. When the summer’s project was brought to a close Dr. Roberts went to Globe, Ariz., at the request of the authorities at Gila Pueblo, for the purpose of conferring with members of the staff on the finds which they had made at Snaketown, a Hohokam site, near Phoenix. He also studied the collections in the Gila Pueblo Museum and visited the Snaketown site and Casa Grande. The latter was the scene of considerable activity on the part of Cosmos Mindeleff and Dr. J. Walter Fewkes, members of the staff of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 40 and more years ago. Dr. Roberts returned to Washington October 1. In January he took part, by special invitation, in a symposium on Early Man in America which was held at the annual meeting of the Society of American Naturalists at St. Louis. He also prepared a manuscript detailing the work done during the summer. This report, REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 43 Additional Information on the Folsom Complex, Report on the Sec- ond Season’s Investigations at the Lindenmeier Site in Northern Col- orado, was issued on June 20 as Smithsonian Lliseel Tenaga Collec- tions, vol. 95, no. 10. De Reece: left Washington June 1 for Anderson, Iowa, to inspect a site where Folsom points and other material had been found. This proved to be a highly interesting place, as it marks the easternmost locality that the true or High Plains, form of the Folsom point has been noted. While in Iowa he saw and studied numerous collections of specimens and found evidence of the Folsom complex at, a number of sites. From Iowa he proceeded to Colorado, where he resumed excavations at the Lindenmeier site. By the end of the year, June 30, several trenches had been run through portions of the site and an area 20 by 30 feet had been completely cleared, of the several feet of accu- mulated earth which had covered it. This area consisted of an old occupation level upon which the traces of Folsom man and his activ- ities were numerous. From July 1935 to January 1936 Dr. W. D. Strong, anthropologist, served as consultant in anthropology to the Bureau of Indian Affairs. In addition to office work in relation to numerous acculturation studies being made on various Indian reservations of the United States, Dr. Strong made two field trips to various reservations and administrative centers in New Mexico and Arizona in August and December, respec- tively. In November a trip of several weeks was made to the Chip- pewa reservations in Minnesota to advise on problems of tribal reor- ganization. On January 5, 1936, Dr. Strong left Washington for Honduras as leader of a joint archeological expedition from the Bureau of American Ethnology, Smithsonian Institution, and the Peabody Museum, Harvard University. He was assisted in the field by Alfred Kidder II and Drexel A. Paul, Jr., from the Peabody Museum. Establishing its base at Progreso, in the Ulua Valley, the expedition made stratigraphic excavations at several sites on the Ulua River. In March and April Dr. Strong, with Mr. Paul, conducted excavations around the north end of Lake Yojoa, while Mr. Kidder worked on the Comayagua River. In May and June the entire expe- dition worked sites on the Chemelicon River, including the site of Naco, first visited by Cortez and the early Spanish Conquistadores. On the Ulua River excellent stratigraphic series were secured of the prehistoric polychrome pottery horizons. At Playa de los Muer- tos, on the Ulua, these horizons, corresponding roughly to the close of the Maya Old Empire, were found to overlay a much earlier living level marked by monochrome, polished, and incised pottery. The work of the expedition approached conclusion in June, and on June 30 preparations for departure began. Throughout its entire work the expedition received cordial cooperation and assistance from 44 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 the government of the Republic of Honduras. It was also materially aided by the United Fruit Company, from whose employees it received unlimited hospitality. Without these much appreciated sources of cooperation its scientific results would have been much curtailed. Dr. Julian H. Steward was appointed as associate anthropologist in the Bureau, effective October 21, 1935. During September 1935, prior to reporting to Washington, Dr. Steward traveled to Pendleton, Oreg., for the purpose of making a selection of 200 negatives of ethno- logical subjects taken by the late Maj. Lee Morehouse. These were purchased by the Bureau from Mrs. L. L. Cornelison, his daughter. From November 16 to December 10, 1935, Dr. Steward was engaged in conducting a W. P. A. archeological project in the vicinity of Miami, Fla. During this time he supervised the excavation of the large mound at Miami Beach and began work on a smaller mound several miles northwest of the city of Miami. Because of Dr. Strong’s de- parture for Honduras, when Dr. Steward returned to Washington he was delegated to continue the cooperative work between the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the Bureau of American Ethnology previously conducted by Dr. Strong. In connection with these duties Dr. Steward made an extended trip from March 7 to April 15, 1936, in the interest of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. On June 19 he left Washington for the purpose of continuing his field work among the Shoshoni, Bannock, and Gosiute Indians of Utah, Nevada, and Idaho. During the winter and spring Dr. Steward prepared for publication a series of trait lists collected from the Shoshoni Indians of Nevada during the summer of 1935. From other material collected at the same time he completed two articles entitled “Shoshoni Polyandry” and “Panatubiji, a Biography of an Owens Valley Paiute.” In addi- tion, Dr. Steward completed for publication in the Smithsonian Annual Report an article entitled “Indian Petroglyphs of the United States.” J. N. B. Hewitt, ethnologist, completed a detailed study of the ap- proximate position and territorial habitat of the northern Iroquoian tribes and of the contiguous Algonquian peoples as they were at the time these groups were first visited by the early explorers. Mr. Hewitt also made a historical study for the purpose of showing the marked influence of the principles and aims of the League of the Five Iroquois Tribes as founded by Deganawida in the early sixteenth century on those of the Constitution of the United States. Mr. Hewitt had previously recorded from the late Chief J. A. Gibson two Onondaga versions of what is fundamentally a single ritual, namely, the Requickening Address. He made a new transla- tion of these, having first revised both texts so that there should be no material differences in the meaning of the two. He also made a careful revision of the Onondaga texts and laws relating to the posi- REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 45 tion and powers and limitations of the Federal Chieftains, and also those governing the Chief Warriors. He also added to the Bureau’s collection of ritual wampum strings by completing two new sets of strings made from loose beads on patterns taken from originals in the Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation, and a set which was owned by the late Chief David Skye, of the Canadian Six Nations. During the year Mr. Hewitt continued to represent the Bureau of American HKthnology on the Advisory Committee on Geographic Names, Department of the Interior. On June 21, 1936, Mr. Hewitt left Washington on field duty, visit- ing the Tuscarora Reservation near Lewiston, N. Y., and then the Grand River Grant to the Six Nations in Ontario. On the latter reservation he obtained a short Delaware vocabulary and a fine Mo- hawk text embodying the so-called Handsome Lake Religion, the preparation of which was about completed by the end of the fiscal year. SPECIAL RESEARCHES Miss Frances Densmore, a collaborator of the Bureau of American Ethnology, in continuation of her study of Indian music, submitted a manuscript entitled “Dance Songs of the Seminole Indians”, with phonograph records and transcriptions of 25 songs. These songs were recorded in February 1932 at Brighton, Fla., by Billie Stewart, one of the best singers in the Cow Creek group of the tribe. Five songs connected with the tribal ball game were presented, together with songs of the alligator, steal-partner, switch-grass, and buffalo dances. The songs of the ball game were sung to bring success and were accompanied by beating on a water-drum hung by a strap from the player’s shoulder. A coconut-shell rattle accompanied the dances. All the songs of each series were recorded. This afforded an oppor- tunity to note the maintaining of a fundamental pitch throughout the series, with a pleasing variation of rhythm in the several melodies. EDITORIAL WORK AND PUBLICATIONS The editing of the publications of the Bureau was continued through the year by Stanley Searles, editor. In addition to the cur- rent work of the office the comprehensive manuscript index of Bulle- tins 1-100 has been corrected. All entries have been verified. An index of Schoolcraft’s “Indian Tribes”, in six volumes, is near- ing completion. More than 30,000 entries have been made and are now being alphabetized. 101898—36——4 46 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 Bulletin 112, “An Introduction to Pawnee Archeology”, by Waldo Rudolph Wedel, and Bulletin 113, “The Troyville Mounds, Catahoula Parish, Louisiana”, by Winslow M. Walker, were issued. Work has been done on other manuscripts in the custody of the editor. Publications distributed totaled 9,337. LIBRARY Miss Ella Leary continued in charge as librarian until February 29, 1936, when she was retired on account of ill health. Miss Miriam B. Ketchum was appointed to succeed her, effective April 1, 1936. The following figures apply to bound books and pamphlets of 100 pages or over. Pamphlets of less than 100 pages are no longer accessioned. BooksireceivedeDye purchases saa a ee ee ee 18 BOOKS recelveduby, exchanges ss a ee 62 ROOK SET ECE UVC eID IY au Tile ea a ee ee 19 Ly T0621) Ea et a a NO eg a ey ee 99 Numerous pamphlets have been received, as well as the usual periodicals and society transactions, mostly by exchange or gift. The library contains, as of June 30, 1936: ToOtalVaeCCeSSTOM LEC ORC es TONGA ASL SW SOU ia 31, 200 Notalawithdxrawalstandslosses2==2 a2) ey Sa ee eee 661 INGE C0 Get ei sp ae a Ee 30, 539 There are also about 20,000 pamphlets and more than 3,000 volumes of unbound periodicals and society transactions. It is planned to reclassify the hbrary according to the Library of Congress scheme of classification, and copies of the scheme in the Bureau’s field have been furnished by the Library of Congress. All new material is being put in the new classification, and it is hoped that a real start on older material can be made during the coming year. A shelf list has been begun and will be continued along with the reclassification. A depository set of Library of Congress catalog cards is being established. A beginning has been made on refiling the catalog and the task will be completed within the next few months. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 47 ILLUSTRATIONS Following is a summary of work accomplished by E. G. Cassedy, illustrator : (Cos ANT ES i hs OU aaa ee ee eens es pl eae 29 NTT MOLT WAIT 2's tec a re ER ae Cs eT ued 163 ENE aT See eee Ee ee es an ee a 12 Bn oOtos retouched: 22 ak Bs DEV nd Ae TAA Ta a i 10 PLU yea OT Seale tells he RP SNES esc We em eee eal Rlates assem bledii23 241) CPi Ta so Se Pe Bee ae 29 eb tenime OVS EP eiths sas ite ouch lane Tse Petey Ea 354 Negatives: netouched, =". 22 oe ee en 6 EMO LOSKCOLOTE Ce en areca eae hee ge ne a ER 2 PR Cee ee a A Re elie ae Se Par SEAN 623 ecession COLLECTIONS number 185,291. Archeological material collected by M. W. Stirling from a village site formerly occupied by the Waccamaw Indians hear Myrtle Beach, S. C. 138,344. Two earthenware bowls from the Dragoon Mountains, southeastern Arizona. 138,501. The Mrs. Charles D. Walcott collection of 27 pictures of Navaho sand paintings and four paintings of miscellaneous subjects. 139,472. Ten photographs of Australian natives; 20 lithographs of Congo Negro subjects ; 33 slides of subjects from Palestine, Tunis, Syria, ete. MISCELLANEOUS During the course of the year information was furnished by mem- bers of the Bureau staff in reply to numerous inquiries concerning the North American Indians, both past and present, and the Mexican peoples of the prehistoric and early historic periods. Various speci- mens sent to the Bureau were identified and data on them furnished for their owners. Personnel—Dr. J. H. Steward was appointed associate anthropol- ogist October 21, 1935. Miss Edna Butterbrodt, junior stenographer, resigned January 12, 1936. Miss Helen Heitkemper was appointed January 28, 1936, to fill the vacancy. Respectfully submitted. M. W. Sririine, Chief. Dr. C. G. Axsgor, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. APPENDIX 5 REPORT ON THE INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE SERVICE Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the activi- ties of the International Exchange Service during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1936: Congress appropriated for that year $44,262, which is an increase of $3,084 over the amount granted for the Service during 19385. The repayments from departmental and other establishments amounted to $3,563.30, making the total resources available for the exchanges during the year $47,825.30. The total number of packages handled during 1936 was 596,951, a decrease of 57,180. The weight was 618,789 pounds, an increase of 58,408 pounds. The material sent and received through the International Exchange Service is placed under three classes—parlhamentary documents, de- partmental documents, and scientific and literary publications. The following table gives the number and weight of packages containing the publications coming under those headings. Packages Weight Sent | Received] Sent Received Pounds | Pownds United States parliamentary documents sent abroad___-___-___ 268883 GN |e eee LOD 57017 ee ee ene Publications received in return for parliamentary documents-__|---------- 12) 40 Lele a eee 35, 575 United States departmental documents sent abroad_-_______--__ 1035445 | See 119) 124 eee Publications received in return for departmental documents__-__|---------- 9) FAB eee 32, 678 Scientific and literary publications sent abroad__-_______-___--__ NAGNGOSiN =e 2175270 Scientific and literary publications received from abroad for distributionanitheWmitedtstatessas soe ee eee ee HONS 1 OE | aaa aes 111, 420 FEN Oy Gea ema ase a A Aap ON AU Nt al Sa AEN REE RR NN ed 8 IS 518, 983 77,968 | 439, 116 179, 673 Gra Geto tale Sale em gi eh dee eevee Neneh, Sete ay es 596,951 618,789 During the year 2,475 boxes were shipped abroad, an increase of 288 over the preceding 12 months. Of these boxes, 529 were for the for- eign depositories of full sets of United States governmental docu- ments and the remainder (1,946) were for distribution to miscel- laneous establishments and individuals. As has been referred to in previous reports, in addition to the packages forwarded in boxes for distribution by foreign exchange bureaus, many are mailed directly to their destinations—some because 48 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY AQ it 1s more economical to send by mail than by freight; some, like the daily issue of the Congressional Record, because treaty stipulations provide that they shall be so forwarded; and some for the reason that they are for places remote from existing exchange agencies. The total number of packages transmitted by mail during the year was 70,899, an increase of 12,026 over last year. FOREIGN DEPOSITORIES OF GOVERNMENTAL DOCUMENTS The number of full sets of governmental publications forwarded abroad is 61 and of partial sets 50, making a total of 111 sets. The depository of the partial set sent to Bengal has been changed from the Department of Education to the Bengal Legislative Council Department, Calcutta. A complete lst of the depositories is given below: DEPOSITORIES OF FULL SETS ARGENTINA: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Buenos Aires. - Buenos Ares: Biblioteca de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata. (Depository of the Province of Buenos Aires.) AUSTRALIA: Library of the Commonwealth Parliament, Canberra. New SoutH WaAtsEs: Public Library of New South Wales, Sydney. QUEENSLAND: Parliamentary Library, Brisbane. SoutH AUSTRALIA: Parliamentary Library, Adelaide. TASMANIA: Parliamentary Library, Hobart. Victror1A: Public Library of Victoria, Melbourne. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Public Library of Western Australia, Perth. Austria: National-Bibliothek, Wien I. BELGIUM: Bibliotheque Royale, Bruxelles. BraziL: Bibliotheca Nacional, Rio de Janeiro. CanaADA; Library of Parliament, Ottawa. MANITOBA: Provincial Library, Winnipeg. ONTARIO: Legislative Library, Toronto. QugEBsEc: Library of the Legislature of the Province of Quebec. CHIL: Biblioteca del Congreso, Santiago. CuiInaA: National Central Library, Nanking. CoLomBIA: Biblioteca Nacional, Bogota. Costa Rica: Oficina de Deposito y Canje Internacional de Publicaciones, San José. Cusa: Secretaria de Estado (Asuntos Generales y Canje Internacional), Habana. CZECHOSLOVAKIA: Bibliothéque de l’Assemblée Nationale, Prague. DENMARK: Kongelige Bibliotheket, Copenhagen. Heyer: Bureau des Publications, Ministére des Finances, Cairo. Hston1a: Riigiraamatukogu (State Library), Tallinn. FRANCE: Bibliothéque Nationale, Paris. GERMANY: Reichstauschstelle im Reichsministerium des Innern, Berlin C 2. BavEN: Universitats-Bibliothek, Freiburg. (Depository of the State of Baden. ) BavariA: Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Miinchen. PrRuSsIA: Preussische Staatsbibliothek, Berlin, N. W. 7. Saxony: Sdachsische Landesbibliothek, Dresden—N. 6. WourtEeMBurRG: Landesbibliothek, Stuttgart. 50 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 GREAT BRITAIN: ENGLAND: British Museum, London. Guascow: City Librarian, Mitchell Library, Glasgow. Lonpon: London School of Economics and Political Science. (Depository of the London County Council.) Huneary: A Magyar orsziggyiilés kényvtara, Budapest. InpIA: Imperial Library, Calcutta. IrRisH Free Strate: National Library of Ireland, Dublin. IvaLy: Ministero dell’Educazione Nazionale, Rome. JAPAN: Imperial Library of Japan, Tokyo. Lary1a: Bibliothéque d’Etat, Riga. LEAGUE oF Nations: Library of the League of Nations, Geneva, Switzerland. Mexico: Biblioteca Nacional, Mexico, D. F. NETHERLANDS: Royal Library, The Hague. New ZreaLAND: General Assembly Library, Wellington. NoRTHERN IRELAND: H. M. Stationery Office, Belfast. Norway: Universitets-Bibliothek, Oslo. (Depository of the Government of Norway.) Peru: Seccion de Propaganda y Publicaciones, Ministerio de Relaciones Exte- riores, Lima. PoLaNnp: Bibliothéque Nationale, Warsaw. PorTuGaL: Bibliotheca Nacional, Lisbon. RuMANIA: Academia Romana, Bucharest. SPAIN: Servicio de Cambio Internacional de Publicaciones, Paseo de Recoletos 20, Madrid. SWEDEN: Kungliga Biblioteket, Stockholm. SWITZERLAND: Bibliotheque Centrale Fédérale, Berne. TuRKbHY: Ministére de l’Instruction Publique, Ankara. UNION oF SoutTH AFricA: State Library, Pretoria, Transvaal. UNION oF SOVIET SocIALisT REPUBLICS: State Central Book Chamber, Moscow 4. UxkRAINE: All-Ukrainian Association for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries, Kiev. UrucGuay: Oficina de Canje Internacional de Publicaciones, Montevideo. VENEZUELA: Biblioteca Nacional, Caracas. YuGosLAvIA: Ministére de Education, Belgrade. DEPOSITORIES OF PARTIAL SETS AFGHANISTAN: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Publications Department, Kabul. AUSTRIA: Vienna: Magistrat der Stadt Wien, Abteilung 51-Statistik. Bo.iiviA: Biblioteca del H. Congreso Nacional, La Paz. BRAZIL: Minas GERAES: Directoria Geral de Hstatistica em Minas, Bello Horizonte. Rio DE JANEIRO: Bibliotheca da Assemblea Legislativa do Estado, Nictheroy. BrRitIsH GUIANA: Government Secretary’s Office, Georgetown, Demerara. ButeariA: Ministére des Affaires Etrangéres, Sofia. CANADA: ALBERTA: Provincial Library, Edmonton. BriTisH CoLtumMsia: Provincial Library, Victoria. New Brunswick: Legislative Library, Fredericton. Nova Scotia: Provincial Secretary of Nova Scotia, Halifax. PRINCE Epwarp Isutanp: Legislative Library, Charlottetown. SASKATCHEWAN: Government Library, Regina. Cryton: Chief Secretary’s Office (Record Department of the Library), Colombo. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 5L Cuina: National Library, Peiping. Danzig: Stadtbibliothek, Danzig. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Biblioteca del Senado, Ciudad Trujillo. Ecuapor: Biblioteca Nacional, Quito. FINLAND: Parliamentary Library, Helsingfors. GERMANY: Bremen: Senatskommission ftir Reichs- und Auswiartige Angelegenheiten. HAMBuRG: Staats-und Universitaits-Bibliothek. Hesse: Universitéts-Bibliothek, Giessen. Ltuspeck: President of the Senate. THURINGIA: Rothenberg-Bibliothek, Landesuniversitét, Jena. GREECE: Library of Parliament, Athens. GUATEMALA: Biblioteca Nacional, Guatemala. Hartt: Secrétaire d’Etat des Relations Extérieures, Port-au-Prince. HonpurAs: Biblioteca y Archivo Nacionales, Tegucigalpa. IcELAND: National Library, Reykjavik. INDIA: AssaM: General and Judicial Department, Shillong. BeneaL: Secretary, Bengal Legislative Council Department, Council House, Caleutta. BrHak and OrissA: Revenue Department, Patna. Bompay: Undersecretary to the Government of Bombay, General Depart- ment, Bombay. Burma: Secretary to the Government of Burma, Hducation Department, Rangoon. CENTRAL PROVINCES: General Administration Department, Nagpur. Mapras: Chief Secretary to the Government of Madras, Public Depart- ment, Madras. PunJaB: Chief Secretary to the Government of the Punjab, Lahore. UNITED PROVINCES oF AGRA AND OuDH: University of Allahabad, Allahabad. JAMAICA: Colonial Secretary, Kingston. Liperta: Department of State, Monrovia. LITHUANIA: Ministére des Affaires Etrangéres, Kaunas (Koyno). Maura: Minister for the Treasury, Valletta. NEWFOUNDLAND: Department of Home Affairs, St. John’s. NICARAGUA: Superintendente de Archivos Nacionales, Managua. PANAMA: Secretaria de Relaciones Exteriores, Panama. PARAGUAY: Secretario de la Presidencia de la Republica, Asuncion. SALVADOR: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, San Salvador. “Sram: Department of Foreign Affairs, Bangkok. STRAITS SETTLEMENTS: Colonial Secretary, Singapore. VATICAN Ciry: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vatican City, Rome, Italy. INTERPARLIAMENTARY EXCHANGE OF THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL The forwarding of the Congressional Record to the Province of Buenos Aires has been discontinued, and there has been added to the list of recipients of the Record the Biblioteca del Parlament de Cata- lunya, Barcelona, Spain. The depository in Guatemala has been changed to Biblioteca de la Asamblea Legislativa, Guatemala. The Record sent to Uruguay is now mailed to Diario Oficial, Montevideo. 52 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 The Federal Register has been added to the sendings of the Con- gressional Record. There now are 102 copies of the Record for- warded abroad. A complete list of the depositories is given below. DEPOSITORIES OF CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ALBANIA: Ministrija Mibretnore e Punéveté Jashtme, Tirana. ARGENTINA ; Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional, Buenos Aires. Camara de Diputados, Oficina de Informacion Parlamentaria, Buenos Aires. AUSTRALIA : Library of the Commonwealth Parliament, Canberra. New SoutH Waters: Library of Parliament of New South Wales, Sydney QUEENSLAND: Chief Secretary’s Office, Brisbane. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Library of Parliament of Western Australia, Perth. AvusTRIA: Bibliothek des Hauses der Bundesgesetzgebung, Wien I. Beteium: Bibliothéque de la Chambre des Représentants, Bruxelles. BoriviA: Biblioteca del H. Congreso Nacional, La Paz. BRAZIL: Bibliotheca do Congresso Nacional, Rio de Janeiro. AMAZONAS: Archivo, Bibliotheca e Imprensa Publica, Mandéos. BAHIA: Governador do Hstado da Bahia, Sao Salvador. Espirito SANTO: Presidencia do Estado do Espirito Santo, Victoria. Rio GRANDE DO Sut: “A Federacio”, Porto Alegre. SAo Pauto: Diario Official do Hstado de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo. SERGIPE: Bibliotheca Publica do Hstado de Sergipe, Aracajt. BritisH HonpurAs: Colonial Secretary, Belize. CANADA: Library of Parliament, Ottawa. Clerk of the Senate, Houses of Parliament, Ottawa. CuinA: National Central Library, Nanking. CuBA: Biblioteca del Capitolio, Habana. CZECHOSLOVAKIA: Bibliothéque de l’Assemblée Nationale, Prague. Danzig: Stadtbibliothek, Danzig. DENMARK: Rigsdagens Bureau, Copenhagen. DoMiInNIcCAN REpuBLIC: Biblioteca del Senado, Ciudad Trujillo. DutcH East Inpies: Volksraad von Nederlandsch-Indié, Batavia, Java. Heyer: Bureau des Publications, Ministére des Finances, Cairo. Estonia: Riigiraamatukogu (State Library), Tallinn. FRANCE: AS Chambre des Députés, Service de l’Information Parlementaire Etrangére, Paris. Bibliothéque du Sénat, au Palais du Luxembourg, Paris. Bibliothéque, Direction des Accords commerciaux, Ministére du Commerce, Paris. GERMANY: Deutsche Reichstags-Bibliothek, Berlin, N. W. 7. Reichsfinanzministerium, Berlin, W. 8. ANHALT: Anhaltische Landesbticherei, Dessau. BRAUNSCHWEIG: Bibliothek des Braunschweigischen Staatsministeriums, Braunschweig. MECKLENBURG: Staatsministerium, Schwerin. OLDENBURG: Oldenburgisches Staatsministerium, Oldenburg i. O. PrussiA: Bibliothek des Preussischen Landtages, Berlin, S. W. 11. ScHAUMBURG-LipPE: Schaumburg-Lippische Landesregierung, Biicheburg. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY | 538 GIBRALTAR: Gibraltar Garrison Library Committee, Gibraltar. GREAT Brirain: Library of the Foreign Office, London. GREECE: Library of Parliament, Athens. GUATEMALA: Biblioteca de la Asamblea Legislativa, Guatemala. Honpurass: Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional, Tegucigalpa. Hunecary: A Magyar orszaggytilés konyvtara, Budapest. InpiA: Legislative Department, Simla. TRAN: Library of the Iranian Parliament, Téhéran. TrAQ: Chamber of Deputies, Bagdad, Iraq (Mesopotamia). IrtsH FREE State: Dail Eireann, Dublin. ITALY: Biblioteca della Camera dei Deputati, Rome. Biblioteca del Senato del Regno, Rome. Ufficio degli Studi Legislativi, Senate del Regno, Rome. LAtviA: Valsts Biblioteka, Riga. LEAGUE OF NATIONS: Library of the League of Nations, Geneva, Switzerland. LispertA: Department of State, Monrovia. Mexico: Secretaria de la Camara de Diputados, Mexico, D. F. AGUASCALIENTES : Gobernador del Estado de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes. CAMPECHE: Gobernador del Estado de Campeche, Campeche. CHIAPAS: Gobernador del Estado de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutierrez. CHIHUAHUA: Gobernador del Estado de Chihuahua, Chihuahua. CoAHUILA: Periddico Oficial del Estado de Coahuila, Palacio de Gobierno, Saltillo. CoLimMA: Gobernador del Estado de Colima, Colima. DuRANGO: Gobernador Constitucional del Hstado de Durango, Durango. GUANAJUATO: Secretaria General de Gobierno del Estado, Guanajuato. GUERRERO: Gobernador del Estado de Guerrero, Chilpancingo. JALISco: Biblioteca del Estado, Guadalajara. Lower CALIFoRNIA: Gobernador del Distrito Norte, Mexicali, B. C., Mexico. Mexico: Gaceta del Gobierno, Toluca, Mexico. MicHoacAn: Secretaria General de Gobierno del Hstado de Michoacan Morelia. MorewLos: Palacio de Gobierno, Cuernavaca. NAYARIT: Gobernador de Nayarit, Tepic. Nuxvo Lron: Biblioteca del Hstado, Monterey. Oaxaca: Periddico Oficial, Palacio de Gobierno, Oaxaca. PuEBLA: Secretaria General de Gobierno, Puebla. QuERETARO: Secretaria General de Gobierno, Secci6n de Archivo, Queretaro. San Luis Porost: Congreso del Estado, San Luis Potosi. SINALOA: Gobernador del Estado de Sinaloa, Culiacan. Sonora: Gobernador del Estado de Sonora, Hermosillo. TaBasco: Secretaria General de Gobierno, Seccién 8a, Ramo de Prensa, Villahermosa. TAMAULIPAS: Secretaria General de Gobierno, Victoria. TLAXCALA: Secretaria de Gobierno del Estado, Tlaxcala. Vera Cruz: Gobernador del Estado de Vera Cruz, Departamento de Gober- nacion y Justicia, Jalapa. YucaTAn: Gobernador del Hstado de Yucatéin, Mérida, Yucatan. New ZEALAND: General Assembly Library, Wellington. Norway: Storthingets, Bibliothek, Oslo. PERU: Camara de Diputados, Lima. Potanp: Ministére des Affaires Etrangéres, Warsaw. Portue aL: Secretario da Assemblea Nacional, Lisboa. 04 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 RUMANIA: Bibliothéque de la Chambre des Députés, Bucharest. Ministére des Affaires Etrangéres, Bucharest. SPAIN: Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional, Madrid. Catalunya: Biblioteca del Parlament de Catalunya, Barcelona. SWITZERLAND: Bibliothéque de l’Assemblée Fédérale Suisse. Berne. Syria: Ministére des Finances de la République Libanaise, Service du Matériel, Beirut. Governor of the State of Alaouites, Lattaquié. TuRKEY: Turkish Grand National Assembly, Ankara. UNION oF SouTH AFRICA: Library of Parliament, Cape Town, Cape of Good Hope. State Library, Pretoria, Transvaal. Urucuay: Diario Oficial, Calle Florida 1178, Montevideo. VENEZUELA: Biblioteca del Congreso, Caracas. VATICAN City: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Rome, Italy. FOREIGN EXCHANGE AGENCIES The exchange agency in Peru, formerly conducted under the direc-- tion of the Ministerio de Fomento, is now under the Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Seccién de Propaganda y Publicaciones, Lima. The agency in the Union of South Africa has been removed from Pretoria, Transvaal, to Capetown, Cape of Good Hope. The Govern- ment Printing and Stationery Office in Capetown now acts as the agency. LIST OF EXCHANGE AGENCIES ALGERIA, via France. ANGOLA, via Portugal. ARGENTINA: Comisién Protectora de Bibliotecas Populares, Canje Internacional, Calle Callao 1540, Buenos Aires. AustTrRIA: Internationale Austauschstelle, National-Bibliothek, Wien, I. AZORES, via Portugal. Bricium: Service Belge des Echanges Internationaux, Bibliothéque Royale de Belgique, Bruxelles. Botivi1a: Oficina Nacional de Estadistica, La Paz. BraAziu: Servigco de Permutacdes Internacionaes, Bibliotheca Nacional, Rio d2 Janeiro, BRITISH GUIANA: Royal Agricultural and Commercial SERN Georgetown. BritisH Honpuras: Colonial Secretary, Belize. BvuLGARIA: Institutions Scientifiques de 8. M. le Roi de Bulgarie, Sofia. CANADA: Sent by mail. Canary ISLANDS, via Spain. CHILE: Servicio de Canjes Internacionales, Biblioteca Nacional, Santiago. CHINA: Bureau of International Exchange, National Central Library, Nanking. CoLomsIA: Oficina de Canjes Internacionales y Reparto, Biblioteca Nacional, Bogota. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 55 Costa Rica: Oficina de Deposito y Canje Internacional de Publicaciones, San José. Cusa: Sent by mail. CZECHOSLOVAKIA: Service Tchécoslovayue des Hchanges Internationaux, Biblio- théque de Assemblée Nationale, Prague 1-79. Danzig: Amt ftir den Internationalen Schriftenaustausch der Freien Stadt Danzig, Stadtbibliothek, Danzig. DENMARK: Service Danois des Echanges Internationaux, Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Copenhagen V. DutcH GuIANa: Surinaamsche Koloniale Bibliotheek, Paramaribo. Hovuapor: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Quito. Eeyper: Government Press, Publications Office, Bulaq, Cairo. Estonra: Riigiraamatukogu (State Library), Tallinn. FINLAND: Delegation of the Scientific Societies of Finland, Kasirngatan 24, Helsingfors. FRANcH: Service Francais des Echanges Internationaux, 110 Rue de Grenelle, Paris. GERMANY: Amerika-Institut, Universititstrasse 8, Berlin, N. W. 7. GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND: Wheldon & Wesley, 2-4 Arthur St., New Oxford St. London, W. C. 2. GREECE: Bibliothéque Nationale, Athens. GREENLAND, via Denmark. GUATEMALA: Instituto Nacional de Varones, Guatemala. Hartt: Secrétaire d’Etat des Relations Extérieures, Port-au-Prince. Honpuras: Biblioteca Nacional, Tegucigalpa. Huneary: Hungarian Libraries Board, Ferenciektere 5, Budapest, IV. ICELAND, via Denmark. InprA: Superintendent of Government Printing and Stationery, Bombay. Iraty: R. Ufficio degli Scambi Internazionali, Ministero dell’ Educazione Nazionale, Rome. : JAMAICA: Institute of Jamaica, Kingston, JAPAN: Imperial Library of Japan, Uyeno Park, Tokyo. JAVA, via Netherlands. Korna: Sent by mail. Latvia: Service des Echanges Internationaux, Bibliothéque d’Etat de Lettonie, Riga. LiseriA: Bureau of Exchanges, Department of State, Monrovia. LITHUANIA: Sent by mail. LourEeNnco MarQuez, via Portugal. LUXEMBOURG, via Belgium. MapaGascar, via France. MapetRA, via Portugal. Mexico: Sent by mail. MOZAMBIQUE, via Portugal. NETHERLANDS: International Exchange Bureau of the Netherlands, Royal Library, The Hague. NEw SoutH WALES: Public Library of New South Wales, Sydney. New ZEALAND: General Assembly Library, Wellington. NICARAGUA: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Managua. Norway: Service Norvégien des Echanges Internationaux, Bibliothéque de l’Université Royale, Oslo. PALESTINE: Hebrew University Library, Jerusalem. 56 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 PANAMA: Sent by mail. PaRAGuay: Seccidn Canje Internacional de Publicaciones del Ministerio de Relaciones EXxteriores, Asuncion. Peru: Seccién de Propaganda y Publicaciones, Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Lima. PoLAND: Service Polonais des Echanges Internationaux, Bibliothéque Nationale, Warsaw. PorTuGAL: Seccio de Trocas Internacionaes, Bibliotheca Nacional, Lisboa. QUEENSLAND: Bureau of Exchanges of International Publications, Chief Secre- tary’s Office, Brisbane. RUMANIA: Bureau des Hchanges Internationaux, Institut Météorologique Central, Bucharest. SALVADOR: Ministerio de Relaciones Hxteriores, San Salvador. Stam: Department of Foreign Affairs, Bangkok. SoutH AusTRALIA: South Australian Government Hxchanges Bureau, Govern- ment Printing and Stationery Office, Adelaide. SPAIN: Servicio de Cambio Internacional de Publicaciones, Paseo de Recoletos 20, bajo derecha, Madrid. SUMATRA, via Netherlands. SWEDEN: Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps Akademien, Stockholn. SWITZERLAND: Service Suisse des Echanges Internationaux, Bibliothéque Centrale Fédérale, Berne. Syria: American University of Beirut. TASMANIA: Secretary to the Premier, Hobart. TRINIDAD: Royal Victoria Istitute of Trinidad and Tobago, Port-of-Spain. TUNIS: via France. TURKEY: Robert College, Istanbul. Union or SoutH Arrica: Government Printing and Stationery Office, Cape Town, Cape of Good Hope. UNION OF Sovirr SocraList REPuBLIcS: Library of the Academy of Sciences of the U. S. 8. R., Exchange Service, Leningrad V. O. Uruacuay: Oficina de Canje Internacional de Publicaciones, Ministerio de Rela- ciones Exteriores, Montevideo. VENEZUELA: Biblioteca Nacional, Caracas. Victoria: Public Library of Victoria, Melbourne. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Public Library of Western Australia, Perth. YUGOSLAVIA: Section des Hchanges Internationaux, Ministére des Affaires FEtrangéres, Belgrade. Respectfully submitted. C. W. SHormaxer, Chief Clerk. Dr. C. G. Axgor, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. APPENDIX 6 REPORT ON THE NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the opera- tions of the National Zoological Park for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1936: The regular appropriation made by Congress for the maintenance of the Park was $215,000. The total expenditures for the year from this appropriation were about $214,200. IMPROVEMENTS The fiscal year 1936 marked the beginning of more substantial im- provements than had ever before been made in any one year or a considerable period of years in the Zoo. Under a grant from the Public Works Administration of $680,000, supplemented later by $191,575, contracts were let and work begun on five projects. These include machine and carpenter shops and a garage; the installation of three 250-horsepower down draft boilers, which will serve to heat all of the exhibition buildings with the exception of the bird house, which was considered as being too remote from the others to warrant a conduit being built to it; a brick exhibition building approximately 185 by 115 feet for small mammals and great apes; a stone exhibition building 227 by 90 feet to house large animals, such as elephant, rhinoceros, and hippopotamus; and a new wing to the bird house. The machine shop and central heating plant will be completed in time to supply heat to the buildings in the fall. The other buildings should be finished by January 1, 1987. The completion of these projects will give the Zoo four large, modern buildings containing numbers of new features for the ex- hibition of animals and is the greatest improvement in the history of the Zoo. ; With the use of labor assigned to us through the District Works Progress Administration and some material from the same source. together with materials purchased from our regular appropriation, 5,083 linear feet of concrete road and walk curbing were constructed and 4,112 square yards of roads and walks were given bitulithic sur- facings. Also 14,038 square yards of road were tarred, graveled, and rolled. The worst of the holes in the road between the mechanical shops and the crossroads at the Harvard Street entrance were re- paired preparatory to a tar-gravel treatment when the construction ; 57 58 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 work at the shops is finished. Terra cotta sewer, 1,700 linear feet of 12-inch diameter, was laid from the District sewer along the creek to the vicinity of the great flight cage in the ravine. This was a step in the line of diverting all sanitary sewerage from the creek into the District’s sanitary sewers. Repairs were also made to the storm water sewers in the same ravine, and 2,000 feet of various sized water lines were laid. The improvement of the grounds by planting grass, shrubs, and trees, removal of objectionable or surplus vegetation, grading, and related grounds work has been carried on with very satisfactory re- sults. Material progress has been made in the removal of poison ivy. A small amount of miscellaneous repairs to buildings and fences has been carried out with funds from our regular appropriation and unskilled labor assigned to us under W. P. A. When certain W. P. A. clerical employees assigned to the Zoo were not urgently needed on routine work directly connected with the W. P. A., they rendered substantial assistance in repairing a considerable number of valuable pamphlets relating to zoology and in arranging them in the Zoo library. Just at the close of the year a bookbinder assigned to the Institution by the W. P. A. was detailed to this branch of the Smithsonian library. This arrangement 1s most promising for the binding and repairing of many valuable publications in our excellent vertebrate zoology library which otherwise would rapidly deteriorate. VISITORS FOR THE YEAR Aue es St 2082300 | Hebruanry 22= S02 eee 30, 400 INSTEAD NS hace oa Me ge Cag Ss 248/050; |" Marchiec22 2h. i Las ae 173, 400 September sabes ean 269;/200"\ cA prilisc2i ts ees i ee 241, 300 (OYE OLS es a a eae 1ST, 4005) May. ass 361, 500 IN@yyeranl Kare LO4AS SSO NST ass ee eee 308, 500 iDyeeemml ner 2 56, 450 SS EU TMU AIT dea ee 51, 400 Total 22 sea 2, 235, 850 The attendance of organizations, mainly classes of students, of which there is definite record was 33,321 from 579 different schools in 20 States and the District of Columbia, as follows: Number | Number Number | Number State of persons] of parties State of persons| of parties C@onnecticutees ae eee 83 Ql OMI OL Saeco ak Ce ee 896 20 Welawarevse ete eee nee eee 382 Pella ON evereg ay alenyey Sater ONE se ae al 35 1 District of Columbia_____--_- 7, 146 T1328 Rennsylivaniar .eewas ae eee 8, 232 143 COLE Awesen een n see eee 92 Se SOULE C anolin ae oe cune eee 112 4 Misine 2p ebb ail hese) ee eee 70 2) aS outhwDakotal se esas 32 1 Vary ie eee eee 5, 739 827 MAReTMeSSCO aan a ae ees 24 1 Massachusetts: = ---__--- 2! 373 Oi \Wabeeabaney sok eh ee 5, 106 86 Michigan____- ee ee eee 220 SW NWSE Witgenboueys Se Dee 595 7 New Hampshire__-_____-____- 34 1 || Conventions—Members of New Jersey_____- tis 2, 132 30 VATIOUSIStALOSe eee 160 2 Now Moxie: a8 19 1 SS ew York_____ 954 16 NG Gale teenie ee eae , 321 9 North @arolinaes 2 aaa 885 23 ee i REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 59 About 3 o’clock every afternoon, except Sunday, a census is made of the cars parked on the Zoo grounds. During the year 22,997 were so listed, representing every State in the Union, Hawaii, Canada, Canal Zone, Alaska, and Cuba. Since the total number is merely a record of those actually parked at one time, it is not of value as indicating a total attendance but is of importance as showing the percentage attendance by States, Territories, and countries. The District of Columbia comprised slightly over 52 percent; Maryland, 19 percent; Virginia, 11 percent; and the remaining cars were from other States, Territories, and countries. During years in which counts have been made on Sunday as well as during the week it has been found that the percentage of cars from the District of Columbia, Maryland, and Virginia is less, and the percentage of the more distant States is correspondingly increased. This is brought about by tourists coming to the Zoo on Sundays when other points of interest are closed to them. ACCESSIONS Gifts—The collection was enriched by a number of important gifts. A Hood Island tortoise was received from Rear Admiral C. S. Freeman, United States Navy. From Mrs. A. N. Pack, Espanola, N. Mex., a splendid pair of pumas were received. Elisha Hansen, Washington, D. C., presented a black-striped wallaby. A number of rare frogs of the genera Dendrobates and Atelopus were received from Dr. E. R. Dunn, Haverford, Pa. Miss Gloria Hollister, of the New York Zoological Society, presented three Trinidad vampire bats. R. E. Stadelmann, traveling in Central and South America, continued his generosity and interest in the Park with several ship- ments of reptiles. DONORS AND THEIR GIFTS Mrs. Chas. L. Anderson, Washington, D. C., nighthawk. A. G. Aquayo and P. J. Bermidez, Cuba, 6 diving anolis lizards. M. C. Arner, Trinidad, British West Indies, giant centipede. Miss Helen Ault, Washington, D. C., white-throated capuchin. Miss Ellen Babcock, Alexandria, Va., 2 Pekin ducks. Vernon Bailey, Washington, D. C., hog-nosed snake. George W. Baker, Washington, D. C., hog-nosed snake. D. S. Basin, Washington, D. C., raccoon. Chas. A. Bechtold, Laurel, Md., blacksnake. J. S. Beck, Washington, D. C., flying squirrel. Mrs. E. M. Betts, Hampton, Va., alligator. Marion Bird, La Crosse, Wis., spotted salamander. Mr. and Mrs. J. S. C. Boswell, Alexandria, Va., corn snake, chicken snake. EB. S. Bowles, Washington, D. C., copperhead snake, coleonyx lizard. Albert Bricker, Washington, D. C., weasel. Ralph Britt, Chevy Chase, Md., barn owl. 60 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 J. L. Brooks, Washington, D. C., alligator. G. A. and BE. F. Brown, Washington, D. C., marine turtle. Maurice M. Brown, Jr., Colonial Beach, Va., 2 little blue herons. S. K. Brown, Eustis, Fla., coral snake, pine snake, corn snake. F. R. Browne, Ashburn, Ga., hog-nosed snake, water snake, garter snake. W. EH. Buck, Camden, N. J., gaboon viper. Eddie Buell, Washington, D. C., bald eagle. Miss Brooksie Burnette, Silver Spring, Md., snapping turtle. John F. Burrows, Washington, D. C., weasel. Dr. Chas. E. Burt, Winfield, Kans., 11 gray skinks. W. H. Calfee, Washington, D. C., common duck. M. Wayne Carney, Washington, D. C., 2 skunks. Wim. Carr, Bear Mountain Park, N. Y., watersnake, mole snake, garter snake. EK. W. Clark, Detroit, Mich., 3 massasaugas. Mrs. L. P. Coakley, Washington, D. C., alligator. Mrs. W. G. Cooper, Washington, D. C., Pekin duck. A. C. Cornett, Smithfield, Va., hawk. Jess S. Cottrell, Washington, D. C., alligator. J. P. Crocker, Washington, D. C., great horned owl. Mrs. Crowell, Washington, D. C., canary. Cc. L. Cummell, Washington, D. C., barred owl. L. Danaher, Meriden, Conn., hog-nosed snake. Mrs. W. C. Daudt, Washington, D. C., Cumberland terrapin. J. H. Davis, Hyattsville, Md., opossum. Chas. F. Deniey, Glenmont, Md., Lady Amherst’s pheasant, Hlliot’s pheasant. J. Dickson, Eheart, Va., banded rattlesnake. Miss Helen Dougherty, Atlantic City, N. J., yellow-fronted parrot. H.W. Draper, Washington, D. C., alligator. Dr. E. R. Dunn, Haverford, Pa., 8 red dendrobates, 10 yellow atelopus. Mr. Dureen, Washington, D. C., alligator. Chas H. Haton, Washington, D. C., 3 common chameleons. David Elsasser, Johnstown, Pa., weeping capuchin. Dr. W. O. Emery, Washington, D. C., 4 fire-bellied toads. M. L. Ernst, Washington, D. C., rough-scaled green snake. H. P. Erwin, Washington, D. C., Cooper’s hawk. Bobbie Farrington, Washington, D. C., ring-necked pheasant. John C. Finch, Washington, D. C., rhesus monkey. Florida Reptile Institute, Silver Springs, Fla., 6 scorpions, fox squirrel, blue land crab. A. Foehl, Jr., Philadelphia, Pa., banded basilisk, 5 frogs. Rear Admiral C. 8S. Freeman, U. S. N., Hood Island tortoise. John Freeman, Washington, D. C., white-throated capuchin. M. P. Freeman, Washington, D. C., raccoon. Dick George, Washington, D. C., Pekin duck. C. K. Gibson, Washington, D. C., 2 Pekin ducks. Truxton Goodrell, Washington, D. C., pilot snake. W.S. Green, Greenwood, Va., weeping capuchin. Mrs. W. E. Gregg, Chevy Chase, Md., screech owl. John F. Hamaker, Washington, D. C., crow. J. EK. Hanell, Washington, D. C., woodchuck. Elisha Hansen, Washington, D. C., black-striped wallaby. Geo. Hartnell, Cheltenham, Md., Florida gallinule. Frank Harvey, Washington, D. C., grass paroquet, 2 canaries. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 61 Hd. Harwell, Wetumpha, Ala., banded rattlesnake. Harry B. Hawes, Washington, D. C., 2 southern mynahs. Jas. FE. Herbert, Washington, D. C., gray fox. H. F. Herman, Washington, D. C., razor-billed curassow. Christian Heurich, Washington, D. C., snapping turtle, blacksnake. Mrs. Samuel B. Hill, Washington, D. C., California valley quail. Miss Gloria Hollister, New York City, 3 Trinidad vampire bats. Maj. J. M. Huddleston, U. S. A., rhesus monkey. H. ©. Hughes, Washington, D. C., copperhead snake. Maj. H. EB. Hume, U. S. A., pigeon. David Humphrey, Cabin John, Md., copperhead snake. Carl Imlay, Chevy Chase, D. C., bald eagle, red-shouldered hawk. J. R. Johnson, Washington, D. C., 2 opossums. Wm. Johnson, Silver Spring, Md., American coot. Jos. W. Jones, Bristol, Tenn., horned lizard. Raymond Kehr, Washington, D. C., yellow-shouldered parrot. Miss Estelle King, Washington, D. C., red, blue, and yellow macaw. W. T. King, Washington, D. C., copperhead snake. Frank Kirby, Washington, D. C., white-throated capuchin. F. Heber Knight, Washington, D. C., 2 copperhead snakes, screech owl, hog-nosed snake. Miss Selma Krager, Washington, D. C., garter snake. Mrs. J. A. Kramer, Washington, D. C., red-fronted parrot. J. ©. Lamon, Pickwick Dam, Tenn., hog-nosed snake. Lester Leigh, Arcadia, Fla., glass snake, horn snake. Mrs. M. BE. Leishear, Washington, D. C., garter snake. Mrs. Laura HE. Lemon, Washington, D. C., domestic pigeon. Jas. L. Leuenberger, Washington, D. C., goose. Mrs. A. M. Lockamy, Washington, D. C., alligator. Daniel C. Long, Washington, D. C., sidewinder rattlesnake. Dr. J. A. Lyon, Rockville, Md., blue tanager. J. S. Mansay, Washington, D. C., alligator. R. W. Martin, LaGrange, Ga., glass snake. Miss MeAlister, Washington, D. C., red fox. John T. McBurney, Chevy Chase, D. C., copperhead snake, blacksnake, fox snake. ° -Lt. Comm. W. E. McCain, Washington, D. C., yellow-naped parrot. Chester McCall, Washington, D. C., rough-scaled green snake. John R. McGrew, Bethesda, Md., blacksnake. Mrs. A. B. McKean, Washington, D. C., 2 canaries. F. McLemore, Lorman, Miss., coachwhip snake. Mrs. Betty McShan, Silver Hill, Md., horned lizard. Marquis Metts, Mt. Rainier, Md., red-tailed hawk. A. L. Nelson and F. M. Ubler, Biological Survey, corn snake. Ex-Postmaster Gen. New, Washington, D. C., barrel owl. New York Zoological Park, New York City, 6 gaboon vipers, 5 puff adders. Mrs. A. N. Pack, Espanola, N. Mex., 2 pumas. Mrs. H. A. Page, Jr., Aberdeen, N. C., pigmy rattlesnake. Mrs. N. D. Parker, Woodside, Md., 4 Pekin ducks, 7 white mice. Mrs. Pawlowski, Washington, D. C., 3 canaries. S. M. Peel, Washington, D. C., wood tortoise. G. BE. Pelton, Alexandria, Va., cow bird. Mr. Perkins, Washington, D. C., chain or king snake. 101898—36 5 62 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 J. P. Phillips, Washington, D. C., loon. Gregory Pigg, Washington, D. C., opossum. Bryan Pitt, Washington, D. C., grass paroquet. G. F. Pollock, Washington, D. C., raven, 4 banded rattlesnakes. Mrs. G. F. Pollock, Washington, D. C., blacksnake. Mrs. A. E. Pyles, Friendship Heights, Md., raccoon. David Rawlings, Chevy Chase, D. C., skunk. Mrs. A. R. Rea, Washington, D. C., alligator. Henry Renfrew, Washington, D. C., screech owl. Dr. F. H. H. Roberts, Jr., Bureau of American Ethnology, 3 western rattle- snakes. J. L. Robertson, U. S. Public Health Service, Washington, D. C., black widow spider. Miss Mary Rogers, Washington, D. C., marine turtle. Miss Eleanor Roosevelt, Washington, D. C., 9 alligators. June Rosenthal, Washington, D. C., alligator. Rotary Eagle Scout Troop #8, Reno, Nev., 5 Agassiz’s tortoises. Louis Ruhe, Inc., New York City, Old World wild cat, 2 blue honey-creepers. Henry C. Sacra, Washington, D. C., red fox. Andrew Santorios, Washington, D. C., 2 Greek partridges. Mrs. J. H. Saum, Washington, D. C., canary. Mrs. James W. Saunders, Washington, D. C., ring-necked dove. Mrs. S. E. Schoof, Washington, D. C., woodchuck. Miss Elizabeth Shorey, Washington, D. C., musecovy duck. R. Shostick, Washington, D. C., salamander. Dr. J. F. Simpson, Washington, D. C., alligator. Mrs. H. R. Smith, Washington, D. C., woodchuck. Norman Smith, Upper Marlboro, Md., great horned owl. Mrs. Wesley Smith, Washington, D. C., black crowned night heron. Spanish Legation, Washington, D. C., alligator. H. V. Stabler, Washington, D. C., king snake, sparrowhawk. R. E. Stadelmann, Tela, Honduras, 2; South American rat snakes, 2 geckos, green tree snake, tree boa, rainbow boa. Cecil Strickland, Clendenin, W. Va., golden eagle. Mrs. L. M. Sullivan, Washington, D. C., 4 Mexican grassquits. John G. Taylor, Richmond, Va., white woodchuck. Richard Taylor, Bethesda, Md., 3 fence lizards, 2 six-lined lizards. Taxidermist Shop Staff, National Museum, Washington, D. C., 20 spring peepers. Mrs. John Terrill, Lock Haven, Pa., double yellow-head parrot. J. R. Thomas, Baltimore, Md., Javan macaque. Mrs. W. D. Thomas, Washington, D. C., coyote. Miss Florence Thwaite, Washington, D. C., praying mantis. Mrs. V. H. Todd, Washington, D. C., opossum. Toledo Zoological Park, Toledo, Ohio, ball python. Mr. and Mrs. Jos. Truitt, Washington, D. C., 2 ferrets. A. B. Turner, Washington, D. C., sparrowhawk. Dr. Titus Ulke, Washington, D. C., red-tailed hawk, red-shouldered hawk. U. S. Biological Survey, through Mr. Kelso, Washington, D. C., Cooper’s hawk; through Jos. Keyes, Sacramento, Calif., 5 yellow-billed magpies; through C. C. Whitaker, Washington, D. C., bay lynx. U. S. National Park Service, through E. A. Borrell, Grand Canyon, Ariz., Say’s bull snake, 3 Holbrook’s or earless lizards, 2 whiptail lizards, blue-bellied lizard. Maj. Geo. L. Usher, U. 8. A., alligator. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 63 Miss Edna L. Vogel, Washington, D. C., alligator. Clifton A. Wagner, Chevy Chase, Md., red salamander. Robert Wallace, Washington, D. C., osprey. Walter Reed Hospital, through Major Reynolds, Washington, D. C., 3 rhesus monkeys. Mrs. L. T. Weir, Washington, D. C., alligator. John Weismuller, Washington, D. C., southern skunk. A. J. Wernig, Washington, D. C., opossum. Dr. A. Wetmore, National Museum, Washington, D. C., flicker. Chester Wetzel, Washington, D. C., 2 sparrowhawks. Master Tom White, Washington, D. C., milk snake. B. O. Wilbanks, Washington, D. C., copperhead snake. O. L. Wilkins, West Augusta, Va., 2 banded rattlesnakes. W. D. Wills, Silver Spring, Md., praying mantis. B. F. Wood, Washington, D. C., milk snake. Mrs. M. E. Woodward, Washington, D. C., goose. G. E. Worthington, Washington, D. C., alligator. Donor unknown, red-breasted or Brazilian cardinal. Births.—There were 54 mammals born and 48 birds hatched in the Park during the year. These include the following: MAMMALS Scientific name Common name Number VAGNINOLROMUS LERVIC qa ok AOU BGs St carall ALE SOR Te ee 4 PAC UMU A GORE IA Mra Na ee HANS ESM (ae) A anus ase tal gy gat ya eda le 2 PST SOTUROUSORUS se wmems te mec LE AMET CAT DIS Tey A eieacun haan nie Nia 4 (CODED) SAD PUTT GENIE AE a ope geet roy ofeuereey VN oYep. cee Se a 2 Wernusicanaoensiss 2.2 enna American elk or wapiti___.________ 1 @erousrduvauceltie el y h oe Banasingha: (deere yrs ese sae e 1 Cerpiismelapinis ii Mate ARGS E oie Loe 3 Red Gee rai x aya eek ea ahily cae ae 5 I NONE CHORAL RL SS ok PR SA i ea Hallowid eerie sy sae ele Gave nvedent 7 Dolichotis patagonica___-------------- Patasonianicaviyesees en ae 1 Equus przewalskii_-__-—-_-- ceed Tecra Mongolian wild horse_____-____-- 1 Equus quagga chapmani____---------- Chapman’s zebra____----__-__--. i TEGLNAS! COR PR ie Ia ea VAULT RN IRA ST eae (by apne ar 3 CTO TTUCH es myths IRON Tey 2 a TVs Ae REASON AN iey a va 2 WVUC EV OLOMITEO TCE oe: eayan suet h MYDOR Se rea Wioodchucke sia aay kit een 4 Odocoileus virginianus__-------------- Vargamia' deers) 2 SE a ae 2 Oryx beisa annectens_____.------------ Ibean beisa oryx__-------------- 1 (SOURGR. (PHD OVC baa SDN AGS CARA ae eee Japanese deer__-_1-_-- === 5 4 OER OG SHOT YT a Men ER SEL MOLSON is bsnl bf on 2 iV evra sa poy AE) SO 1 Thalarctos maritimus X Ursus gyas_---- Polarand Alaska brownbearhybrid 4 (HPSS: CHF COS AS EEUU pees eral oak SN en a European brown bear__..-------- 1 EPS OIG GIL RAI: SO ee a aa ep ys ve a Alaska Peninsula bear_-.-------- 2, Zalophus californianus.._...----_----.- Calitorniaysea-lone eee sama 1 BIRDS Ardea herodiasX A. occidentalis____---- Eby bridyheromea nc iat nen renin EO USRCCULU AMC IUSTS Le set eee samy ol ye Ring—billedso lla ae ae 1 Larus novachollandiae__--.---------=- Silvers culls cya ahs Spas iy rei a 8 13 Nycticorax nycticorax naevius_--------- Black-crowned night heron_-_----- 26 ROT OMCTISUCLIES ye ca rn a eM ie De Aceh a es UREVE Oy eel ane lla yd a ed edo 4 Phalacrocorax auritus floridanus_-__---- Hloridal Conmonamta sess eons 1 | 64 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 Hachanges.—Notable additions obtained through the medium of exchange were 2 fennecs, 7 Jackson’s bustards, an African black rail, 10 soft-shelled tortoises, 4 leopard tortoises, 2 puff adders and va- rious small birds from Christoph Schulz, Arusha, East Africa. A black leopard was obtained from Ellis Joseph, New York City. From the Staten Island Zoo, through the Director, Carol Stryker, a shipment of especially rare specimens was received, including 4 mountain pit vipers, 6 sea snakes, 2 gliding snakes, 2 mangrove snakes, 3 Malay spitting cobras, and 6 prairie rattlesnakes. Purchases.—Important purchases during the year were a pair of solenodons, a Grevy’s zebra, and a trio of gayals, the latter the first ever exhibited at the Park. REMOVALS Deaths.—Important losses by death during the year include two jackass penguins, three pumas, a Chapman’s zebra, a California sea- lion, and a lon. During the year 406 specimens that died were sent to the National Museum. ANIMALS IN COLLECTION THAT HAD NOT PREVIOUSLY BEEN EXHIBITED MAMMALS Scientific name Common name BOS) fF UOTUEGUUS Si ise ORE EI REE ae EE a Gayal. Bevis \Syloestris 22 652) ee Old World wildeat. DESMOGUS: LOLUNCUS MUTINWS= 222 ee Vampire bat. BIRDS DISSCNVUUS DAL AOISCUSE SSS ee eee Giant racquet-tailed drongo. Hypomorphnus urubttingas 2-22.82. Brazilian eagle. REPTILES Deiroptya Vernuiculatus= 2] a a ee Diving anolis lizard. Latvicaudascolworing See Sea snake. INS CDs UG Ca ae eS Ee wre Te Golden cobra. Sepedon haemachates= 22-2228 see ee Rhingal or spitting cobra. Trimeresurus monticola 2-3 Mountain pit viper. Statement of the collection Received Pre- . Pur- On Class sented Born Erenanes chased | deposit Total Mammals. ._--- 46 54 5 45 14 164 BIT Semen nena 75 48 26 119 3 271 Reptiles______-- VAN Raat Baie 44 68 4 257 Amphibians CO Mai ON ete oe cn aN 20m | Rkee eee 60 19 HS) a St a ee ee SBA Et ee Ti] 2 Sete: Se pa ee ce Tid [Aves Aas 20 PAPA C HITT GS ee AN aS is RIMS Dd hepa asI yi) SCRE TIC Nati CP Sd ae [Ae 9 Wrustacean says ied ora oe bs 7 Ja) Wie aye upieg ans) UBD RU NLL EN NE ee TaN PS ese 2 Tmsects ya ear N AS er eis i HOSE TO DIR AU EAT TIE | pc pe 3 HAD 1:1 Ee I LG Py Pe oh ey 326 102 75 262 21 786 Animals on hand July 1, 1935 Accessions during the year Total animals in collection during year_ REPORT OF THE Summary SECRETARY Removal from collection by death, exchange, and return of animals on ° UCTS GS os SP ee 2 JL Regn en Oe co aR RN Ha Lett BNNs pk SW, 765 In collection June 30, 19386___________________ OPES BN TES Sage De 2,191 Status of collection , Individ- ‘ aaa lass Species yeaane Class Species jndivid Miami al sae ose e ee 173 29) Mn SCCUS aa ses ree ert 2 21 Bind sees ee See Ses 310 900 || Mollusks_-----.___---..______ 1 2 FRED UINLGS eee ee Ee 128 3665|||BCrUStACeanS= == see een 1 2 Ze\vaahj) ov) oye hsp ee 29 184 — LONGT OVS a aS a aes 28 184 MANY} fz eee SR et 675 2,191 Arachnid siesiw se oy eot Lee 3 3 ANIMALS IN THE NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK, JUNE 30, 1936 MAMMALS Marsupialia : Didelphis virgintana___-_______-_- OpOss uaa. hk Ws Nisa aay use 6 Carnivora: Canisilatnan smn pane Bn ie SAN Canis latrans X domesticus________ Canis lycaon Canis nubilus Canis nubilus * domesticus COhisocuom plata. see 228 ee Civettictis civetta Crocuta crocuta germinans__---___- Huarctos americanus_-------_-__-- EHuarctos emmonsiz HMelasecatlars wow ie a seen ferric hy. Felts concolor azteca Felis concolor oregonensis Felis leo CESR DOT US eto sl ANIL RE UY Helos senvGl 2a) ee Loe ae ee Bap lee. Felis sylvestris Felis temmincki__.-__-----_==---- Felis tigris longipilis Felis tigris sondaicus RETUNRECUS ZETO Ca eee Galictis barbara barbara__-_-- Genetia dongalana neumannt Helarctos malayanus___----- {Jaguar Albino coyote Coyote dog hy pridsa= kas augue Timber wolf Plains wolf Wolt)< dog hy brid= 22 essa eas be Man East African spotted hyena Ame Od wollte ea ae rican black bear_________-__- | Black J AGU AT es ayegeiss I Mi cyey el Ne epee Siberian tiger SHULD, WkeXsP White tayra Neumann’s genet______-________- Malay or sun bear____________--- RKPrRNONNONRFRFRFeE NNRONWNN DKF K KH KF CONN © 66 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 MAMMALS—Continued Carnivora—Continued. Herpestes birmanicus__---_------- Burmese mongoose______-._--__- 1 Hyaena brunnea__.-------------- Browohyenae 202100 aes snes 2 Lutra canadensis vaga___--------_- Plorida otters. 28 i 0a2il0 Oc iki GRMN 2 iLycaon pictuss. 22 EE ee @ape hunting, dog! a0) Sakae 1 gne bavleyt == ae fee Bailey’s lynx: 22202 2.5. Gea 1 ao CORACAL 2 eee ae Be a ey oe Caracal eee 2 LU Seah eee 1 Tyna rufuss.) 300% | Ne LD Bay ilvariscsts aici Site oud is ARS ieee 5 Mellivora capensis___.-_--------- APE Rs} Oty See ea ORSON dou | 1 IVC NALS) 1017, ee SJE DE eUl ana mney Shuma Ne Se A 4 WES BOSOM 5 aa a ee repre Gitte oc igs hn 5 INIQSUC MOTUCG aid see eee aE Gray, coatinmund in) es eae 3 INGStG TeLSONin aera eine sim team analerean Nelgon’s coatimundi____________- i Nyctereutes procyonoides___---_--- Raccoon dog: «and Jee 1 Otocyon megalotis. 2 ee Tong-eared: tox 22155003 aaa 1 Potosflanus: “ecu ia aa Cisco pln) ance Kinkajoutve. 22) 2 PROCYON NCANRCTUVOTUS ==) ame era Crab-eating raccoon! {455 ssseeee 1 Piscion ioe eee TACCOOn ee eee 4 SUA R ETT Ee TODD Kor ae EET Raccoon so!) 35.052 eee Spilogale ambarvalis......-_-__--- Southern skunks 2) ee eee 1 Thalarctos maritimus_____-_------ Polar bear. 22200 ee ee Thalarctos maritimus X Ursus gyas. Polar X Alaska brown bearhybrid_ 3 Urocyon cinereoargenteus________-- Gray foxes 222900 eee 5 Ursusvarctos \ ease Su eee European brown bear___________- 4 GIR SUS 1G GS toe Md es was Ue eee Alaska peninsula brown bear_-_-_-_-_- 3 Whscis cid deri sen evel ad aye ene Kidder’s: bear’ 22.0.0 iic ial 2 Ursus middendorfi_. 2222 8 1 Kodiak, bear. 20... ee 3 Onsus sitkensisne somes ne une pae Sitka brown! bear. 22525 a eee 3 Wrsusithibetanws anne Menno Himalayanybear= 20) ae ae 1 Vaverramvegas pila mais amie m sane Indian: palmicivet: _- 3s aeeaaae 3 Vailings) frrloa © a) Sine ka oO aR Red foxstaia seta. tae 8 Pinnipedia: EUMelOpuasiiUDOls ae eee eee Steller’sisea lion! 2s sas a eee 1 IAKOCO PIC MORUW no Pacific harbor seal_______________ 3 Zalophus californianus_____---__-- Californiasea lions2 532) aa 2 Primates: Cebais capella) si Milieu a ke meatier Browncapuchini says aise eee 1 Cebus capiuicrns es een ie es eae Reng White-throated capuchin_________ 5 Cebusifatwell iss eee wayne SAUCE ae Weeping capuchin# 2.3205. 4 CevuUsig psn eae eee Ya ati ge! Gray. capuchin’ 22253 2 eee I) Cercocebus fuligunosus! 2542 Sepa Sooty mangabey] 4222.2 ae 4 Cercopithecus albigularis_.________- Sy kes’s guenon (U2) 13)2 0 2 Cercopithecus brazzaesa ne sen oua DeBrazza's| suenon- ) oes see 1 Cercopithecus callitrichus_____-___- Green euenon l=: 2-220 aa ane 3 Cercopithecus dvanas ss 5). sans Diana monkey 22222 Joa 1 Cercopithecus griseoviridis_________ Grivetimonkey 252 eae ae 2 Cercopithecus petaurista__________- Lesser white-nosed guenon_______- 2 Cercopithecus roloway__..____-__~- Rolowayumonkey 0 0 Boe iia aaa 1 Colobus: caudatus 2. cs i a ne ir White-tailed guereza_____________ 1 Colobus polycomus.- 222222 ieee White-tailed colobus_____________ 1 Lagothmailagotrehas © sais menea tine Woolly;monkey2s soe aes Sapa 1 TCM UT sy OTS As Ld SCREAM ORR Ne a Reufied eras aay ss es a oe 1 Leontocebus geoffroyi.______--__-- Marmoset 2 92.) 0 wiih rei a ae 2 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY MAMMALS—Ccontinued Primates—Continued. IMIG) PUTCO ee SE Macaca mordax___--------------- Macaca mulatta___.-------------- Macaca nemestrina___------------ Macaca silenus____-------------- Macaca stnica tes 22) ees VRC COUCONS Ds ee Ri 212 a ai yee ale VEGGUS. MAUL US. aby Take ec syeriie 2 Mandrillus leucophaeus___-------- Mandrillus sphing.__2.----52-2- ROM COLVESCEMS ew eyes: fake ay aay ZO NESAby ise ae peau Bey Lfur bee dT ZO DLONONUDISL 2. eae abel thE oRy Eapiovcynocephalus. — xyke atone Puapvonkamadryas ta. eek el ee JEQN@ PORGUPOUSS SA Beene eee ong oyabeluyss es 22) spies yeh ies TE Symphalangus syndactylus__------ Witenopiinecus Gelada.-- 2-3 ines et Rodentia: Acanthion brachyurum___--------- Gapromiys \piloridess.5_ 4445 2 et) Castor canadensis__-_------------ Wanvanporncellyss 1: wles(apo seb esrb T Crellausumollesss were wake pe belt Cuniculus paca virgatus____------- Cynomys ludovicianus__---------- Dasiyorocta nubrata es (ee n\e2 ket Dolichotis megallanica__---------- Dolichotis salinicola_.------------ Glaveomys volans. . aah. Yoac i. OK JENS PAD GONZO} DS CE ee Marmota monax___-------------- WMinjGcasion Coup. 92) lee WM OPROGG Seis soe w ee eee DCW S LMG SONG = 2/2 ea ee ea Sciurus hoffmani sub. sp_--------- INCUU TALS MMU UG ET iia per liase iw enees SICOCE TLS) I GSS NN LYE MU CL AS Lagomorpha: Oryctolagus cuniculus_----------- Artiodactyla: Ai pyceros melampus suara__------- Ammotragus lervia__.------------ Anoa depressicornis__------------ Antilope cervicapra_._.------------ ZANGE DISS (CaaS) STE AT Sa NING Babirussa alfurus__..-_---------- BUS SOO IS Boeke sae eee ne IB Osiront alsa ere ee eee eee EROS CUD TCU Sia aM al sa el aga sO ea Japanese macaque______________-_ AV AT INN CAGE 2) NLA Nal a hone Rnesuis) monkeys tne po eye eae Pig-tailed monkey____--_____--_- Wanderoo monkey-____-_--______-_ INS EE occ Bel Lee tw ORAS ck Mee Rep rang ae ue Chimpanzee. 125 yh pak eer Chimpanzee. Giue oh wie ANAT ils! |S OO Coldent baboon sae kia ae Sumatran orangutan____________- Siamang gibbon_____-_______----- Gelada baboon____-------_------- Domestic guinea pig__----------- Utah ground squirrel_______-_-__- Central American paca____------- Prairie dog sie eciahh oe ees ene Oe Trinidad agouti___-------------- Patagonian) Cavyneen eee Dwar) Caviys 2 ee Na ial IMhvauaves ojwrbste eee East African porcupine____------- eats or groundhog____---- Albino woodchuck or groundhog-_--_ Hoxisquirnel. 200005 oc bee ea oan Squirrel os 22 ees ce ey ee (Womlesticrabbibs 4 eee | Angora FEFe)] 6) 0) hp laneltee A IEA MAAR es East African impalla__..--------- BANS Osu Ca 9 Tp i eg aA VN Black buck or Indian antelope - --- IAXAS HCCC TEN cE I Ze ama GN es or) J Pe eT NO? Oe ee NO el Oe Nw Aw) bo COWOe NOR KH OF HEP bY KE NWWHEH RHE BRNONHE NHK NK KE NY OW 68 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 MAMMALS—Ccontinued Artiodactyla—Continued. Boselaphus tragocamelus__-------- Naha oe SS i a 2 IB Moto OVO SARA Ee oe ee Ihaehieya louUIIeNOs oe Mae 1 Camelus bactrianus__.-------- MEL IBactriam, camel: 12 Like i aie inal aee 1 Camelus dromedarius__----------- Arabian or single-humped camel___ 3 Capraksioinican) - ones apn shy nape Siberian: ibex_ 2.042 kee eee 4 Cenisnca ad emsis ames Ais ee suian er aeias American elk or wapiti__________- 2 Cenvusiduvavicelicme ian ae meaes, Barasime ays 2.8) 2 2 oa ae 4 Cennausnelap ses saa Eee Huropean red deer. 222 sau ee 17 Cenpusiranthopyguse= eee ‘Bedford. deersss22i3)2 23 | aaa 2 Choeropsis liberiensis_------------ Pigmy hippopotamus___________- 2 Connochacies-qnwae s= Sash ee ae Wihite-tailedvonua 2) Seana eee 2 Connochaetes taurinus___--------- Brindled vomits. 2a). ae 1 Connochaetes taurinus albojubatus__ White-bearded gnu_------------- 2 EC ee Aa (allow, deer. 2... nee paiess 13 ries Baa | White fallow deer >). seu sR ts Hemitragus jemlahicus__---------- i ET a le aa Re Se TAR SE 4 Hippopotamus amphibius_-_-_------ Fippopotamus 22222252 sea ase 1 Hyelaphus porcinuss 2225 sa aee Flog deers e045 OU 2) eer a eee Aa 2 I GaN GCOS Bese oe oe Tiler, 50S cE Sp hy: 3 oe 7 ILO MUOIUCUB = ee oo GuiAMOROEd. ~sobo22 0425 gpa sti.) 8) 2 IME NiUGeUSESTME TESTS a= ee ms ear a Barking or rib-faced deer_______-__ 1 Odocoileus costaricensis__------ Costa, Rican deers ya2 ss eae 2 Odocoileus virginianus_----------- Virginia deer] ae ae 6 Onotragquslechce a sii anon ne meeyanen Juechee antelope_____-_-_+_-_++ +_2 1 Orya beisa annectenss2 2222 ee Tbeanbeisa oryx._ 2/22 5ae ee 2 Ovisreunopae uss: suet ee ep eies Mouflon. 26 22x Ronit oe eee 5 JE oUIrG CHOON ee es ee a Collared peccary= 3220) 3 Phacochoerus aethiopicus massaicus_ East African wart hog_____-_-_-- 3 Poephagus grunniens_____-------- TYialke 2 2b a Mea ith ae ST 4 IRNGAOUS ACs t esas ees ee Burmese deer. Ove. 0 2) 22 1 IRONZO TOOMGEH PSS oS See ees eee a Mioluccardeer =) 522 oh aas aie eases 2 (SORIA IOS HOUR PCI See aes Sailga antelopes 2) {2 a ieee eens 2 SURGNIVUD VOTE emailer Meee Ls URES piEe Japanese: deer! 200220 7 eee 22 IS. WS4 SENOL GLANS ey J ve HL STS SRE ES Huropean: wildiiboar==2.=-—s5—=—=e 2 OUR OULAGRUSHO Taye ae A ee Bland ie 22 2 Ss 2 SMOUSSOS FAC Oe Sas eee se 28 White-lipped peccary______-__--- 2 Perissodactyla: DECEROS WICUTTISe =e a ee Ss Black rhinoceros) ai saa 1 IR OUS (TAD Be Ss ee Greviy’s zebralso 2. 12 See he eaiae 1 Equus grevyi-asinus_—_..___-_-_-__ Zebra-ass hybrid.) 222. 2 eae il Equus grevyt-caballus____________- Zebra-horse hybrid______.2-_-_L+ i! JRWOS CHUA se oS SEO NON we Asiatic wild ass or kiang____-___-_- 2 EQUUS IZED CLS I(1 1 nee ni nee epee Mongolian wild horse______-_---- 2 Equus quagga chapmani_____-_--- Chapman’sizebratie ou Gane 8 EGU USE ZEO Te tu eis Rees Mountain’ zebra Sse) 2s eee 2 Mamineltanbair. dies aaw we aie apap Baind?sita pins 12h cee eae 1 TQPU-USeErTeStigs oe teh CARL Brazilian’ ta pins 2 eno a selene 1 Proboscidea: IHS ONOIS) HUG YOUIS eas Indian elephant. _2 22-24 221528) Elephas sumatranus_.___________- Sumatra elephant______.____-___ Loxodonta africana oxyotis________- African elephant 2.02 32 s)a2 ces 1 Edentata: Choloepus didactylirs sau aeunee Mwio-toedosloth yey eee 5 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 69 BIRDS Ratitae: Casuarius unipendiculatus________ Single-wattled cassowary-_________ 1 Dromiceius novaehollandiae________ Common emits ee ae ae 2 HRC ON CHITDERUCH ILO ae Menem eee FASS. AE Common rhea or nandu_________- SEILER VORCE CLUS eam speci nia) SiN Miho hs Ostrich era aia Raa En 2 Pelecaniformes: mnnengaranhingas — 2) Vee), Pas OW GWU Gt yee eal he UAE pl ly 8 alan od ch: eta 2 Nannopterum harrist____________- hiehtless’cormonsmt-eees ae ee 2 Pelecanus californicus____-___-___- California brown pelican________- 2 Pelecanus conspicillatus___________ Auistrahian* pelican “en wns west 1 Pelecanus erythrorhynchos_______ ~~ American white pelican__________ 8 Pelecanus erythrorhynchos X< P. CCTM Ts aetna bay nse ti SN RTT. Hiyonidipelicanan sa was amcor 1 Pelecanus occidentalis____________- IByRO Ya joSINO AM 4 ielecaiusonacrovalyse. 22 So) Huropeanypelicaniacl sales enn 3 JENA SOUUUS ROSAS. ss cael aan aks Rose-colored pelican____________- 2 Phalacrocoraz auritus albociliatus___ Farallone cormorant_____________ 2 Phalacrocorax auritus floridanus____ Florida cormorant_______________ 3 SHOUD: (GF RHI wep Se el eg Dc Blue-footed booby_______________ Ciconiiformes: NV GRRGD Cap Di Nyack lg ee ea a a Roseate spoonbill? 22 ea as 1 PAIRICOMIVCROMUAS Hae DUNES AE NAMM Greathblue herons seen aise eiiae 1 Ardea herodias X A. occidentalis_.. Heron hybrid__________________- 2 VAL COMOCCUMC TULL US aera ae ay a pipes Greatiwhitelherony 22s ys 2 WBalaenicepsrerten mia a Wie ea A Ne Sioorsslonllll IneinoM 1 Cochleartus cochlearius___________- Boatbillshenom et mie aie 3 DisstinatepiscOpuUse=s.2 ose Woolly-necked stork_____________ 1 Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis____-_ Saddle-billed stork_________.-___- 1 Gren al Gane a ANH alist IE LAN, Wilt te rille Testis hie Isp renee Ra NE 5 Cicararaloar _________ 1 WMaivatoe galertia ii (020) Naor eit Sulphur-crested cockatoo_________ i Kakatoe leadbeatert____----------- Leadbeater’s cockatoo___-_-_____- 2 Kakatoe moluccensis._._---_------- Great red-crested cockatoo_-_____ 1 iKoakatoe sulphureas S23 soul ele Lesser sulphur-crested cockatoo___ 1 Leptolophus novaehollandicus _ — ~~~ - @Wockatee!s owe Ak TOO 2 Melopsitiacus undulatus_.--.------ Grass: paroquetusie a3 soe 26 Microglossus aterrimus___..-_---_- Great black cockatoo____--_____- 1 Miyopsitta monachus_.._-__------- Quakers paroqier se] sss 00 =a iianen 1 Nandayusmandaiyo2 22) 2s ING len joYROKCHey Se 1 Neston olabtlis === i= aU Sire Tt TRC easy li ASIEN NE 4 Pionites xanthomera___-_-_-_----_- Amazonian caique_______________ 2 Pionus menstruus._._------_---_- Blue-headed parrot______________ 1 IPSCHTCUS CrEHIWQiSs 55355 SBA as ANDAR PARA [OVARO syn he 1 Psvitacus ik. Krement==- 5222) bes Long-tailed paroquet__.-__-______ 3 Psittacus nepalensis__.____------- Nepalese paroquet=22- 22 =" =2 222s 1 Tanygnathus megalorhynchus - --- ~~ Great-billed, parrotes 22 Sauer 1 Trichoglossus cyanogrammus -_------ Green-naped ony eee aes sa wwe 1 Trichoglossus forsteni_______-_---_- Forsten’s paroquet__---_-_______. 1 Trichoglossus novaehollandiae__-_-- Blue-bellied lory_..-_.-----_---_- 1 Strigiformes: IEXUDORUUROUTLCIE Saar yy Ene N LN Great horned owl____--__--_-_-_-- 5 (QUES CASED Es IE a pe iB Sereech: owls 22-15. Sane Me 1 SERUCIDOCG VETUG ea SUN AAR Barred: owll25 4) uu DOSEN AAs Zs 7 Caprimulgiformes: Chordeiles minor minor_---------- Niigata ke see 2s eae OG Rea 3 Coraciifcrmes: PSMEONOS NUNOCETOS 8s = 2. DG Rhinoceros horn bilities Baie 1 Bucorvus abyssinicus-_____--_--_- Abyssinian ground hornbill______- 2 WDOCelorgig ase SINE Nau es Deva Kookaburray i. aii sei aa ean 4 Dichoceros bicornis2222 2h Ss ae Concave-casqued hornbill_________ 2 Piciformes: Aulacorhynchus erythrognathus____- Venezuelan toucanette-_________-_ 1 Cuanops asiaticas sea rae Asiatic red-fronted barbet____-__- 1 Pteroglossus bitorquatus__________- Two-banded aracari»__-_________ 4 Ramphastos culminatus_-._______- White-breasted toucan___________ 1 hamphastos toco-2 2. ea MOC OMOWUCA TE Ss SAE ee TaN 2 74 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 BIRDS—continued Piciformes—Continued. SQA PUCAO GUUS Ne oe Guiana toucanette______.-_____-+ SUV ARGIOA QHD ICON ey a Streaked! barbet2 02 22a eee Passeriformes: Agelatus icterocephalus.______..-__- Yellow-headed marsh bird_-______ JAN AYGHOI OGD ORACOOTION. 2) AN a Cut-throat: finch 36s 2s aaa Amblyrhamphus holosericeus_-_-__-_- Red-headed marsh troupial- -____-__ Aphelocoma californica woodhousei. Woodhouse’s jay._-_.--_____-__-- Calociita formosa] = ea ee Mexican magpie jay____________- Carduelisscanduelis ewe aes European gold fineh__________-__ Chasmorhynchus nudicollis____-___ Naked-throated bell-bird_________ Cissa chinensis a= ota ae el oes Chinese ‘cissal! sie Coliuspasser albonotatus___.------- Yellow-shouldered whydah_______ Coliuspasser, ardensau 2 28 ae Red-necked whydah___________._ COOBOIS: CHRO a NN White-breasted crow_________-_-- Corvus brachyrhynchos___._------- American Crows oie Uae a epee Corvus conan sinwatus (222A aes American raven <0) 06 lle Conus coronotdes awe eben Australian'/crow 2 o) 45 Sass pao Corvus cryptoleucuse. 2. ss eae White-necked raven____________- Cosmopsardus requusa¥ ns! es ee Splendid starline,} 4s ahs eases Cyaner pes cyaneus_.__-._________ Blue honey-creeper_____--___-_-- Cyanocoraz chriysopss eae Pileated: jay eae bee eee Cyanocoraz cyanopogon.-_______-- White-naped jay_1-2 224) IDEGPUPUS TORO HIS soe a White-bellied drongo ________-___ Dissemurus paradiseus_._.-_-__--_ Giant racquet-tailed drongo______ LH AG FOCOGG Sao Ne ee Red-eared bulbull 2240 4a sees Fringilla montifringilla._________- Bramalol ing) fin lass apa aa Galeopsar salvador nee Crested starling i! 2 ye Gracula palawanensis__. _._______- Palawan mynah 23.) Ses Gracula neliqvosa sew eed): uae Southern hill mynah___________ = Gymnomystaa mexicanus.____--_-- Giant oriole? 2224045). ae NCGPUS: GEROWUB sso oe ee Giraud’s' oriole 22s s aoe Kittacincla malabarica_...-~. =~ Shamiay thrush sea sea pfs Lamprocolius sycobius_______-__._- Southern glossy starling_________- J BOOS CHOPS HS iN Teita fiscal-shrike yah eaeereane Melanopteryx rubiginosus__-_-.___-- Chestnutiweawer: 2052 Se aa : Molpastes haemorrhous_____.-__-- Black-headed bulbul______.____-- Momotus momotus parensis_______- Mio timo te 2 0 a oe Radda onyevora ssa ae ols ilu arieynte White Java sparrow 2_- >= 232228 I RUTAOKOKAC OO se Lesser bird-of-paradise__.______-- J OG OGH UGS: GUC DUCHIO)S je Red-crested or Brazilian cardinal__ hewcticusiovalise ses 4 ain et ebay Nellovge srosbeakeus ss see AUC ORI LULECLUL Cees eye pope ey re NOUN Yellow-billed magpie___________-- Pica pica ludsoniaeeas aan aaa he Magpies 22200 Su hte eee Pitangus'sulphiratys oo saan Kiskadee flycatcher_____.______=- DMN COOS ONT OT! VIS as SI Black-cheeked weaver__.--.---_=4 FO M.GtOT en US sya ee es esa ay Ae pe a Scimitar babbler see alas nae FPSOMOCOLAT OT aL vOTa ee) a a nua neha Rice grackle2u2 24 20 ae Quelea sanguinirostris intermedia... Southern masked-weaver-finch - - __ DAVAO OMAP hh SON NaN EN 12-wired bird-of-paradise_______-- SYA POOUIS CONDON OO Saree iN Ne Camarye soo oe Anois ig aoe PSCCOHOS 1 COIOT PS SSE N NS ENN es Lesser saffron finch__.-__..-.-_-- — OF ONKFRYPRE OWN RE NFPNYONFPONKYPRPKRE KEP RBPNRFPRPRPRPYE RPNRWOKM ENN PY NHB KP SE NH SH REPORT OF THE SECRETARY oI On BIRDS—continued Passeriformes—Continued. Sporophila gutturalis._2-.-------- Yellow-bellied seedeater____.____- 2 Sporopnivartuveola = ys sans es ph White-crowned seedeater_________ 3 Steganura paradise@is 24022212 IPeyeaoliga wayne |e 2 Taeniopygia castanotis__._-------- W Ace) ones A aC) ase ed a nA hl 6 Ranagana pulvicnissaes oi8 AUN Fulvous-vented euphonia________- 2 Hanagra lutercapullases ji) 2h es a Yellow-crowned euphonia________- 9 EGAN DUSKCOM GaAs tea WYETH SS f Blwe ghana cers ey aa ee 2 TPEOTiS) CONONGA aw eae Ae ee Melodius grassquit_______._____-_ 2 TuarisLolivaceas. aso se a Se ye Mexican erassquitesouu 52s ea5 ss MN WUT OUSN GRAY Ane VAIN EE ee Bonaparte’s thrush. 4 -_-U_. 22 222 1 Urocissa occipitalis___------------ Red-billed blue magpie__________- 2 Volatinia jacarint_-_------------- Blue-black erassquit 2) 2252 es 4 Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus ----- Yellow-headed blackbird________- 3 Xanthoura luxuosa guatemalensis..__ Guatemala green jay_---_-------- 1 Xanthoura luzuosa sub. sp-------- Nicaragua green jay___-_-=------ 1 REPTILES Chelonia: Aun yd Onen OG. =. 22. 58s LE ROo uN Ss Soft-shelled turtle___.-_--_------ 7 Chelodina longicollis___----------- Australian snake-necked turtle____ 5 Gheludrasosceola... . Utes) alas.) Florida snapping turtle__________- 1 Chelydra rossignonit_.------------ Rossignon’s snapping turtle______- 1 Chelydra serpentina.—------------ Snapping tuntley 2)2 yew a eee 8 Chnysemys picha =) 2h a Liekie Lesh Painted tuntle aes. Saas 2 Clem mys quciatay ) AUS Wane ok Spotted turtle 2c) wap aia 1 Clemmiysinsculpia 2-2 ine EON. Wooditurtle 2) eae wien. apres 3 Clemmys muhlenbergit_----------- Muhlenberg’s tortoise___-_------- 1 Cyclemys amboinensis__---------- Malayan box turtle______-_---_-- 1 GOPNEKUSAGASSTZIt =) ce oss ihe) Agassiz’s LOrtoises=seiss Sua we ays 1 Hydromedusa tectifera_— 222-222. South American snake-necked tmret lees 224 See oper ah ey cho EAE Kinosternon flavescens__----------- Witisike ube) 2 5 en a eo sibe Kinosternon subrubrum__--------- IMs kere ees ny ic dee espera ee Macrochelys temminckw_---------- Alligator snapping turtle________- Malaclemmys centrata___--------- Diamond-back terrapin__--_----- 1 Pelomedusa galeata__.__-_-------- Common African water-tortoise _ _- Platemys platycephala__---------- Hlat-headed tuxtlesoyss2 2s s2eee ss Podocnemis expansa__------------ South American river-tortoise----- ZSCMAENTLUSHCONCURIVG. LYONS ATEN Are Coober 2 WB as eat Wh MENA SE UZSCMeIAIS4MCCUSSAUG 1) Sahel UNE IElaMipeENa WONRUO 5 4 ee Pseudemys elegans_-------------- Cumberland terrapin_------------ Pseudemys floridana___----------- Hloniday terra lae sale eee Pseudemys pseudogeographica___--- False geographic turtle-__.-_----- IPSCUMETLY SHUG OSUS 2a ie Ba) kya? Cuban; turtles 22 | ore ape Terrapene carolina__--2--++-+-+--- Box tortoise Soee es Wk epee 2 Menno pene TA) Of 4a es SUNN Te ee Hlorida box turtle nae as Sanaa ERO Mee OnNQtGs saa ne awe eS Ornate box tortoise_-_----------- Testudo elephanting 2.222022 52 Hlephant tortoise: 22-222 -2-2----- Mestad Onegai py DUMNU Mes 5 eset Dunean Island tortoise-..-------- Testudo hoodensis..-------------- Hood Island tortoise.__---------- Whestudowpand alysis eyo) 2 0 ath Leopard tortoise seins ane Resiudopradtatas 2. 2 ee ee aes Radiated tortoise____-...----.--- FPENNTNNNORP HEP ONEPNHE ENE HP ORE 76 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 REPTILES—continued Chelonia—Continued. TAS HONONO) HOMO WINONA ke 2 MestudorLonnenta as sachs sya pnp TOSo KICHO. oo oes eee oA Crocodilia: Alligator mississipiensis_—-------- Caimanisclenog saa ae eas Crocodylusiacutuss es yee Crocodylus cataphractus__.--.----- Crocodylus palustris__--__-------- Crocodylustponosusa ss saa e samen Osteolaemus tetwaspis______------- Lacertilia: VA\gana StelLvo ee Siapes) Shy nr fips VANOILS COTOLLIVETS TS ae apnea any a ANolis EQuestiiss= = soe ys ie espn AROS (WOrRCHIUS coo ot ose bl boe IBUSUISCUSUUtCL US ss ae) eens Cnemidophorus sexlineatus____---- Coleonyz) sp =s30 ) Aue sea alee Conolophus subcristatus____------- Crocodilurus lacertinus_____--_---- Crotaphyius collards.2 520-28 (Chighiinas COPRUO ss Es ye ee Dracaena quvanensis= 223255 JE VTROGS OOS SS ee a EAVIMECESHODSOLELUS Na aye aha expe a Gerrhosaurus validus_____-_---~-- Heloderma horridum___--_-------- Heloderma suspectum__--_-------- Leiocephalus cubensis_____-_------ Onhisaunus ventralis: saa auynee eines Phrynosoma cornutum____-------- Phrynosoma platyrhinos___._------ Phystgnathus lesueurt___--------- 2 COs OUCG)S HS od ANNE a Soap el ge pa ek Sceloponws ;magisten=e st ta a ale we ISCCLOPONAUSH2L 7L CL IULCLL LS enema ne ellie aE Mique nignoluted 22s aie hie TOC HO, SECRETS Erachysaurus nugosuse 222i ee aes Tupinambis nigropunctatus__------ Wroceninon_azuneu mined ae ee Wiarstansbirniania =e iene estes aye eek VCO DUS GOOG RE LA 2 WS Varanus komodoensis_____-------- Lonwurus.qugantets 220) Wena let iyain Ws Ophidia: Abastor erythrogrammus____.------ Agkistrodon mokasen__-_~_----~_- Aigkistrodon: pUscworuse “in e) ees Alsophisuangnilifen sacra imagenes TSYRIOS CHP AKON SOM ENS SS SN ST Americany alligators. ena Spectacled caimans.2 4.55 Somes American crocodile______________ Marsh crocodile or mugger_______ Salt water crocodile___.-) (252228 Agama (lizard). 02\\ aaa Halse) chameleon 22) 242) 0h iene Giant anolis: 202 conway Coleonyx lizard: _ = See Galapagos iguana_____~____2_2._- Crocodile lizard => “22.05 as Collared lizard )s.45 i) 484 eee Rhinoceros iguana___________-__- Dragon lizard!" 3! 4h eee Blue-tailed skink- 24) {523s Brown’ skike te) ya eel) eae Robust plated lizard 352 2/24520% Beaded lizard) .4200(45 2 0u eae Forned zag aas a Sie meal Lesueur’s water dragon___________ Plicatéd lizards (40) eee Western spiny lizard____________- Fence lizard 25 2).3)2 8 Ue ae Mottled lizard} 20) a2 oes Blue-tongued lizard_____-____---- Stump-tailed lizard____--___-_--- Tegu lizard 2 32 2a ees oad eae Urocentronilizards:2222 eae Stansbuny/silizard 3:2) ee aes Gould/simionitor ase aaa Komodo dragonl 323 25s 2a \ Spiny Jigard!2)3)2 Seb ee eee Hoop snake or rainbow snake_-_-_--- Copperhead snake____.-_-------- Water moccasins 2 4ses haa Jubo or Culebra snake___---_---- Pufh adder. 2 Lay epi ee ENE eewod BPrPPeE RENOWN RPNKF RE WHE NWOONHKY KENNY RP RRP RPP EY YOON Ort Phe REPORT OF THE SECRETARY =~] ej REPTILES—continued Ophidia—Continued. J BLOOM LEN AW) 2 0 pO POD AE ps Greentree boa 223i eG ey G, IEDR OCA) Oped IN = OO > SAE A OS Cookisiitree! boas. 2 J. ee 1 olga dendrophwas= = see se Mangroversnakes oll tae ee 1 Coluber Cs COnNSLRICLOT: soe) us Ss Bleclisnalces seo 2 Cele Meg 2 Consimcton consijicior= a) beeen BOay COMSUTICLOT! se nun a, ea ieee 1 Consiniclon wnextcanam aha ye ake Miexiic amily Oa) sa Wun st Sn 1 Crotalus adamanteus___.____------- Diamond-back rattlesnake_______ 3 Crotaliusrcerastes 2 2) Won oP Sidewinder rattlesnake__________ 1 Crotalus conpuentuse nn eg Western rattlesnake____________ 1 Crotalus horridus__------ oe Barded rattlesnake____________- 1 Drymarchon corats coopert__-------- Iimchigoisnake s8 020s eee eee 2 iiapnetquitatmes tein eek a Ie Cornysiialcer ees 2152 NERS ie hee 2 MVOC ULELG a RE a WU bye PN mionyis/smake 4 iu uy ii une 3 Elaphe obsoleta obsoleta_____------- Pilot ys ma ens oa ah ei 2 Blaphequadrivittata. 2. 9222-2 sk | @hicken'snake 20a Saas 2 RilopWe oul pina) yao eye) ak lla eps a Mex Snake eee SL ce ee a ee 1 ES DUTCTOLESHOILG ULUSEn 4 ame) ae payee Foye @ubani tree bose 2.4 4s ae 2 PUCK OLESICCTUCI NSN ey a a oe Raimib ow boa 22 2 acu nee 12 J VER OLLI A Bh SES Py TORI ELEN Se co ASEz3IAW esl OXO ee HY MMU AEST NG See Mapa Heal tearing. 1 JIUMCHS TUPI ee Se a Anna COG eae i ce 4 LPOPOHRGUCD, (LOCCOR GH 52 SS a lornsmalceiny cla aa ei Un ae 1 Heterodon contortrix__________----- Hog-nosed snake______________- 1 Lampropeltis g. getulus________- =. King or chain snake__~__——_2_2 222 2 Lampropeltis getulus holbrooki__-_-__- Holbrook’s king snake____.._._- 2 Lampropeltis t. triangulum__—_-_-_-- IMB sTralice 2g ie ava Wola 1 Leimadopnis andreae____-_---_---- Jubito or magdalena snake_-_-_-_-__ 1 entodina aloopuscamea ss sea ee Common tree snake_________-__-_ 1 IEA DARIO Sy Op aa I Wei Ey A Ta ge Greensnake es 0 Gui a 1 Masticophis f. flagellum___________- Coach nijo es ec Re a aes 2 INV CGB fUGIO GT eo I De 08 Bea SE 2 (Coldenicolrase sae ee eee ee 1 NGG CMG DUATANS one La ee Tinian cobracc am sae uae aes 1 Naja tripudians suwmatrana__------- Sumatran black-headed cobra_._-_ 1 INCH IEE. GUO OCOM Sas oN A Ty Se Wratenismalkes: scan inlii le Mela aie ii 1 IN CORP OAD IS] DY ES ESL anes HS geese AS Wiaiterusima kee 42 cei nies eee 5 Opheodrys,aestiism sais ih Siete L Rough-sealed green snake___---- 2 Phrynonax sulphureus____--------- South American rat snake___-_-- 1 Pituophis melanoleucus____-------- Bull siatke ica ia ae ey pee 1 Pituophis sayz__--_----- Wee eB os He Pime'ismaike 2222. Vales i a eae 2 Pulm. MOTUS. Looe Bee LE eee Itaysbran jonni Le 1 IPH OOD, PAROS 2 A Se ee Ball pychionecs 2) saan: Saye 1 EZ VUROMUMRELUGULAL IES enna phys levee] jonvlonO oo 4 Sisirurus catenatus catenatus___----- Massasauga rattlesnake____---_- 2 Thamnophis sauritus proximus_----- Garter snakes 2 20a stein ap ees 1 LA CO OT MOS SOROS = 25 Eo eee Gartersnakele 22 a2 aah 2a 3 Tretanorhinus variabilis_____------- Cuban water snake____---__---- 1 Trimeresurus monticola__-_-------- Mountain) pithvipens= == ee 1 AMPHIBIANS Caudata: AT DR GING. MEANS = 2s, SUE ey SOs Blind eel or congo snake__------- 1 Amphiuma tridactylum___---------- Blind eel or congo snake___------ i Cryptobranchus alleganiensis___------ Hiellbender2 ic. Sona 2 2 ahi we ake 7 101898—36——6 78 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 AMPHIBIANS—continued Caudata—Continued. . Salamandra salamandra____------- Mireysalamanderas= sss anne 7 Tritunus pynrhogasters 212 eas & Red-bellied Japanese newt___----_- 6 Pritunus viridescense = Sine es Common newts: 2222 hoa Sia 18 Salientia: Atelopus varius cruciger__._------- Yellow atelopusees sa aie sas Wein 2 VAY CLO DUSVic VOTLUS=.» 0 2 Ae Red, yellow, and black atelopus___ . 7 Bombing bombings. Suuw aie Ess Bell: toads: 2). 2 aE Sarai a 4 IBUfOMLVATEUS A ee Res YAEL UTS | Green’ toad. 22 OS ee 5 Bufonamericanuses sone Nee Common American toad__________ 2 BUsOLe MPUsUS= > 2 as 37 Dendrobates minutus__.-.--------- Golden-striped frog__._..___-_-__ 2 Dendrobates pumilio__._-_--------- Red/dendrobates*_ 202) 2a aa 5 EL AIUC COT ALLE Cee Sis Vela SAU LENE RS Australian tree frog]. Ss eee 6 JE look Groep es SOE ee ea ae “Spring peeper”’ tree frog________. 4 Hyla septentrionalis__...___-_-_-- Cuban: tree frog. = 2s se eee 20 JEONG HMGTOLM Meeps se see (oan toad => . 20220 Ree a 1 ‘ Bullfrogs) .22 2. SEW Sine Sie 5 HUCRD CHEN IE oo eo m | Bullfrog, (albing) 2)! 20. eaaainin 1 Hanalclamitanse sana a anise n lb Green frog) 0 Miao) BRE 1 FECT GRY LUO es os a Eis wla)e WAE Southern’ bullfrogeo) 70 2a Nias 3 Teoma wpalustiis® soos caaeon work uh IRON ae Pickerel frog: . O29 S505 Sk aii 1 anarsphenocephatas 224 sls eee Southern leopard frog____________ 1 Menopusimullenc ssh ae an ta ee ea Muller’s clawed frog______= 22 2_ 2 FISHES Acanthopthalmus bunlie. ss Won a pen ereet/ 038 NCBI aon al ne ee 5 Barbus) spre aw fa Be as Oe uk ve EOE lid in aie aia en 8 Betta) splendens 2 232) 7am Rapa Nees Siamese fighting fish_.___________ 1 1 RTO MICH VOTO. POROe os io oe BIN Zebray fist Si) coh) ah nee Ne cea deal 5 Corydoras aeneds a Wisi Mililani nyu Trinidad armored catfish 124.2422 3 Corydoras melanistius saa aa ee ahaha Armored carthislia mem gee acai eaeene 1 EHlectrophonus electricusu seen meee Mlectric: eel 29 vpaw eda neti a 2 Elelostoma temminckiie. 1 a5. amen gel Kissing gouramil)s S25 keel 2 FLEMIGrammus Unilrveat usm wn Elie aes iE See ian eee 1 Fleterandria formosa ss Sp sieie GLNB ok Mie Ni UI LEW 0 aren a 8 Hyphessobrycon bifasciatus______..___- Yellow, characin2 2 o);a sss eae 1 HEL POSLOTILUSGS/D 10 tn oso ey ys pane cen Armored icatiishe suis iis aaa 2 dordanella florid ag. a1 test saiei apy) American flag, fishin )49) ss Qaeee 9 TOA PLO PLE USiOUCURTN US) o)peeueyumy guanine Glass catfish!) goals saa 4 Bebisies reticulatiss <-.ae suieuleinn ayant ak Guppy). See leh Sy el naa 50 BLepidosinen: paradora2 2 5a aes South American lungfish_________ 3 TGC DOTUMUWS FOSCUOLU G2 SMe ONY TON isi PNET 0s aU) aC Rg om a 1 Matlopterurus electnicus@: 2°22 a0 insane Hlectric’ catiishine 22 eae 1 Monocirrhus polyacanthus_.__._______- Leaf fist) Sess la 2 Rantodon buchholzia: es US a Butterfly fishes. ase n s eee ee 1 Platypoecilus maculatus_.___.-__._____ Goldplaties 2/1 Wika ih oi es sqene he het 40 Pristella riddlets ax oo Bop sao Mae LRA baa G5) AVE NMS aM NGA MI meh Cheah Fae Na Came 12 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 79 FISHES—continued Protopterus annectens___-.------------ ANTE A [uname 2 ena DIUM eSCOLanc™ smnee mae). SALE a 2X) I OVS) OTe ee GP SN SG gE a 3 AWSUGRMMNELEROIM OG DC Ue meee by ate REM) MNS a VERO AL Wa AA See Se 12 Trichogaster trichopterus__-__--------- Three-spot gourami______________ 3 RG PWODNONUSRELIEKt ys rae Le oe 2 be NSO OU zy) Hd BES VRE a Oa cag 2 ARACHNIDS EV OTUPICUITLON S pis Sere yet see AAA REL NA eBerrretsta Cru ey zp ee be ee ea oe ep matrodectusimactanss = sl Mey sea) ia. Black widow; spider, #25. 2 ee 1 Mastigoproctus giganteus___----------- Vinegarone or whip scorpion_-_-__-__ 1 INSECTS HSC ROES Pew ye See mid Ge She ale Gianiticocknoach a= ar as sans eaene 20 HOGOMOMUNINEE OAATUS= 1. Aare ANA WL a Agricultural ants:o 20. Siu eas 1 colony MOLLUSKS Aehnrina varvegata AlN a Giantilandi snare ees ae eee 2 CHILOPODA ASCOU LY DALOCH AON. S70) gE SSN eS ees ce Giant centipedess aaa eee 1 CRUSTACEA Cardisoma guanhumi__.-------------- Greatiland: craboi 2a 52 See ee 2 Respectfully submitted. W. M. Mann, Director. Dr. C. G. Axsort, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. APPENDIX 7 REPORT ON THE ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATOBY Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the ac- tivities of the Astrophysical Observatory for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1936: As heretofore, our principal work has been the determination of the variability of the intensity of the sun’s radiation as it would be found outside of our atmosphere; 1. e., changes in the so-called solar constant of radiation. Measurements of the solar constant of radia- tion have been continued daily when possible at three stations: — Table Mountain, Calif., Montezuma, Chile, and Mount St. Katherine, Egypt. Although to the eye the sky at Table Mountain seems equally as favorable to the work as that at the two foreign stations, the measurements at Table Mountain show much greater irregularity. Days that appear excellent there sometimes yield solar-constant values which are quite impossible. We suppose this is caused by invisible clouds of water vapor sweeping over the station through the canyons of the Sierra Madre Mountains. We have attempted in the past year to develop a criterion based on the measurements which should inform us, before reducing an observation, whether it is affected by this invisible prejudicial sky condition, and in this search we have measurably succeeded. Find- ing it so useful for Table Mountain work, we have applied it also to the work of Montezuma and Mount St. Katherine, where much less frequently than at Table Mountain the results are similarly inex- plicably bad. These investigations have occupied Mr. Aldrich and several computers at Washington for most of the year, but are now completed. They lead to a recomputation of all solar-constant measurements of recent years at all stations—a heavy task now under way. Of the criterion itself, its technical character forbids a full descrip- tion here. In brief, it comprises constructing families of standard curves representing average relationships of pyrheliometry to pyra- nometry at different air masses and different values of precipitable water. When the observations on any occasion depart from these standard curves beyond a certain tolerance, such observations are to be viewed with suspicion. In this way single observations of a given day may be rejected from the mean of the day. Also, suspicious days 80 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY Sl at one station may be justifiably rejected, because of this sort of inter- nal evidence, when they differ widely from reasonable results of other stations. The application of these criteria at the three stations will jead to a new increase in the accuracy with which we may measure the solar variability, and to a much closer agreement between the results of the three stations. This long-desired improvement in accuracy is now shown to be indispensable to a proposed application of studies of solar variability to weather forecasting. Dr. Abbot published in May and August of 1936 two papers en- titled, respectively, “The Dependence of Terrestrial Temperatures on the Variations of the Sun’s Radiation” and “Further Evidence on the Dependence of Terrestrial Temperatures on the Variations of Solar Radiation.” ‘These papers appear to prove that the short- interval changes of solar radiation, such as run their courses in a few days, are of major influence on the weather for the ensuing 2 weeks or more. Figure 2 of the first-mentioned paper shows such effects for the temperature of Washington. The curves shown each represent the average results for some 10 to 20 cases occurring in each of the months of the year of the years 1924-1935. It is observed that opposite solar changes produce opposite tem- perature effects; that these effects differ from month to month; that other investigations reported in the papers cited show that they also differ from locality to locality; that the effects are of large magnitude, sometimes reaching 15° F., sufficient indeed to account for most varia- tions from the normal temperature; that these effects follow solar changes seldom as great as 1.5 percent and averaging only about 0.7 percent. After discussion of these results with the Chief of the United States Weather Bureau and with several gentlemen of the Weather Bureau Advisory Committee, these gentlemen all agreed that the investiga- tions offered reasonable promise of a method of forecasting some features of the weather for at least 2 weeks in advance. They unitedly signed a memorandum recommending increased support to the Astrophysical Observatory to enable it to set up seven additional solar stations in the best localities of the world, and also to investi- gate the possibility of automatic determinations of solar variability from sounding balloons. ‘This measure was approved by the Presi- dent and the Bureau of the Budget, passed the Senate as an amend- ment to the Urgent Deficiency Act, but was rejected in conference with the House. The Institution has since made a small grant from private funds to promote preliminary studies for the balloon investigation referred to, but the application of solar variation observations to weather fore- 82 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 casting must await Government support. ‘The necessary expense will approximate $200,000 a year. It is necessary to observe the complete solar radiation of all wave lengths nearly every single day to an accuracy of 14 of a percent at mountain solar-constant stations, or else to observe daily the intensity of a certain band of ultraviolet solar rays from sounding balloons at an altitude of 100,000 feet or more, with an accuracy of 2 percent or better. Hither plan involves diffi- culty and expense, but the probable advance in weather forecasting seems to justify it. In August 1935 Dr. Abbot published a study of the variation found in the monthly mean values of the solar constant of radiation since the year 1920. This was entitled “Solar Radiation and Weather Studies.” The following conclusions are quoted from the summary: 1. The output of radiation of the sun varies, as proved by simultaneous observations at three stations remote from each other. 2. The solar variation, seemingly irregular, really comprises 12 or more regu- lar periodicities, which support successful predictions of solar changes for years in advance. 11. Forecasts based on these relations having been made to cover the years © 1934, 1935, and 1936 for more than 30 stations in the United States, these fore- casts are fairly well verified both as to temperature and precipitation in 1934. Although, as stated in conclusion 11, fair success was achieved in the predictions for the year 1934, the success was less complete in 1935 and 1936. Weather details, though present, were found to be displaced in time so much as to invalidate the method for detailed predictions more than a year in advance. This partial failure is believed to be caused by the changes of phase of the subordinate periodicities which make up the 23-year cycle. It is hoped that further study may give means of predicting these changes of phase, and so of perfecting the method. But while the prediction of details is thus unsatisfactory, certain large and prolonged features, like the great drought in the Northwest, seem to be very clearly previsioned by the cycle. This appears plainly in the accompanying figure 1, a reproduction of figure 26B of the article. It is very plain that the first decades of each of the five 23-year cycles shown there were marked by the fall of the level of Lake Huron, but that this depression in the first, third, and fifth cycles is outstand- ing. Thus there seems to be a 46-year cycle of great droughts, and while moderate drought conditions may be expected in the decade 1950-1960, a severe drought is probable in the decade 1975 to 1985. The present drought seems comparable to those of the decades fol- lowing 1840 and 1890, and may therefore be expected to last for a year, or possibly 2 years more before the initiation of recovery. But it would be rash to make a more definite prediction. 83 SECRETARY 1 Sealy ® OF THE REPORT YEARS 3.5 79S). Woes sy i ie) Ay 2s aaa -——-+-— —_— “= -- [3 15 17 19 21 23 ANG 1 1 ui 1 y, aa a ee | 4 ! f Hons a ] Bera He ' Po a a o se || Eee U 4 i] CCE PAN BEE Ficurp 1.—Levels of Great Lakes, 23-year cycles. 1837-1859 1401 80907020 O Note the marked subsidence culminat- ing after 11 years in the full curves. ie 84 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 PERSONNEL No changes of personnel have occurred other than the shifting of observers from one field station to another, except that on April 16, 1936, Alfred G. Froiland reported as bolometric assistant to take station at Mount St. Katherine. SUMMARY The year has been distinguished for the introduction of a new criterion for distinguishing unsatisfactory sky conditions at the solar-constant stations. This will add decidedly to the accuracy and harmony of the results. Studies of the variability of the sun over an interval of 15 years have disclosed many periodicities, all aliquot parts of 23 years, which altogether make up the apparently irregular solar variation of long term. The cycle of 23 years is abundantly evidenced in weather and things dependent thereon. Besides this it is shown that the weather is to a great extent governed for at least 2 weeks afterward by the initiation of incidental rising or falling solar radiation, usually of only a few days’ duration. Expert opinion concurs that this affords a promising method of forecasting certain weather features for at least 2 weeks in advance. Unfortunately, it requires expansions of our solar-observation program, which thus far there are no funds to finance. Papers detailing these investi- gations were published by the Director in the Smithsonian Miscel- laneous Collections under the following titles: “The Dependence of Terrestrial Temperatures on the Variations of the Sun’s Radiation”, “Further Evidence on the Dependence of Terrestrial Temperatures on the Variations of Solar Radiation”, and “Solar Radiation and Weather Studies.” Respectfully submitted. C. G. Aggor, Director. The Srecrerary, Smithsonian Institution. APPENDIX 8 REPORT ON THE DIVISION OF RADIATION AND ORGANISMS Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the activi- ties of the Division of Radiation and Organisms during the year ended June 30, 1936: This has been a year of large accomplishment in several fields. Mr. Hoover’s work on the dependence of carbon dioxide assimilation in wheat on wave length of radiation has been amplified and rounded out for publication. This pioneering research has produced and checked a curve which gives the efficiency of the different-colored rays to promote photosynthesis. The curve starts at zero in the violet, runs to a maximum in the blue at about 4,400 A, continues of moderate intensity in the green and yellow, rises to its highest maxi- mum in the red at 6,500 A, and then falls to zero. Dr. Meier has continued her experiments on the effects of ultra- violet rays on algae. Besides checking former work and publishing on lethal effects, she has shown that ultraviolet rays of maximum lethal influence when applied in minute doses are stimulating. This behavior reminds us of the effects of certain poisonous drugs which in minute doses are stimulants. Dr. Johnston has continued experiments on the effects of light of different wave lengths to promote growth effects of various kinds in tomatoes. His work has yielded much advance in the technique of these investigations. Among other results which stand out clearly, he finds that rest periods not only from radiation but of diminished temperature are necessary to these plants. He gave the annual Arthur Lecture on the subject of the influences of the sun on plant growth. Dr. McAlister has developed an extremely sensitive and quick-act- ing spectroscopic method for measuring carbon dioxide concentration. A concentration of 1/10,000 of 1 percent carbon dioxide in air is readily measured. The respiration and carbon dioxide assimilation of a single grain of wheat in its germination is readily observed. Studies of the dependence of photosynthesis in wheat on time factors are in progress and are yielding beautiful and remarkable results. Dr. McAlister also did interesting cooperative work with the Depart- ment of Agriculture on the germination of seeds. 85 86 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 Mr. Clark has made valuable developments in the technique of special lights, useful for studies of plant growth. He has also made important improvements in thermoelectric junction material, having developed a couple of high sensitiveness and at the same time as rugged as ordinary wires of common metals of equal size. With Mr. Fillmen he has constructed much new apparatus for the uses of the Division. The work finished or in hand will shortly afford publications of great interest to plant physiologists and others. Individuals of the Division have been of utmost value to the Astrophysical Observatory and other branches of the Institution, assisting in special problems. Respectfully submitted. C. G. Assot, Director. The Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. APPENDIX 9 REPORT ON THE LIBRARY Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the ac- tivities of the Smithsonian library for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1936: THE LIBRARY The Smithsonian library, or library system, comprises 10 major and 35 minor units, each an important instrument in the work of the Institution or of one of its affiliated bureaus. They are as fol- lows: The main library, or the Smithsonian deposit in the Library of Congress—a collection which, while somewhat general in char- acter, is chiefly scientific and technical and contains extensive files of monographs and serials, American and foreign, including the reports, proceedings, and transactions of many learned societies and institutions; the library of the United States National Museum, which also concerns itself largely with natural history and _tech- nology, and has more or less closely connected with it the 35 sectional libraries of administration, administrative assistant’s office, agricul- tural history, anthropology, archeology, biology, birds, botany, echinoderms, editor’s office, engineering, ethnology, fishes, foods, geology, graphic arts, history, insects, invertebrate paleontology, mammals, marine invertebrates, medicthe, minerals, mollusks, organic chemistry, paleobotany, photography, physical anthropology, prop- erty clerk’s office, reptiles and batrachians, superintendent’s office, taxidermy, textiles, vertebrate paleontology, and wood technology; the library of the Bureau of American Ethnology, concerned with the history, life, and culture of the early peoples of the Americas, notably the North American Indians; the library of the Astrophysi- cal Observatory, on astrophysics and meteorology; the library of the Freer Gallery of Art, related to the special interests of the Freer Gallery, namely, the art and culture of the Far East, India, Persia, and the nearer East, and the art of James McNeill Whistler and other American painters, and containing the celebrated Biblical manuscripts of the fourth and fifth centuries, known as the Wash- ington Manuscripts; the library of the National Gallery of Art, on the fine arts of Europe and America; the Langley aeronautical library—the famous collection of aeronautical publications, many of them very rare, that once belonged to Samuel Pierpont Langley, 87 88 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 Alexander Graham Bell, Octave Chanute, and James Means, and that since 1930, under its own name and book plate, has supplemented the Government collection on aeronautics in the Library of Con- egress; the Smithsonian office library, made up of general reference works, publications of the Institution and its branches as well as of various foreign learned societies and institutions, and a large num- ber of popular books and magazines; the radiation and organisms library, pertaining to the studies the Institution is making of the influence of the sun on plant and animal life; and the library of the National Zoological Park, on animals and their care. In the libraries taken together there are about 860,000 volumes, pamphlets, and charts. This total does not include thousands of volumes awaiting completion, binding, and cataloging. PERSON NEL Four changes took place in the permanent staff during the year. Miss Ella Leary, after a long service as librarian of the Bureau of American Ethnology, retired, and Miss Miriam B. Ketchum was transferred to the vacancy from the hbrary of the Weather Bureau. Miss Ketchum received the B. A. and M. A. degrees from George Washington University, where two of her special interests were li- brary science and anthropology. Before her appointment to the Weather Bureau in 1934 she served for some years on the library staff of the Naval Observatory. Mrs. Grace A. Parler, who since 1930 had been in immediate charge of the library of the Freer Gallery of Art, resigned. She was suc- ceeded by Miss Alice Elizabeth Hill, who had taken the B. A. degree at American University, studied library science in George Washing- ton University, and obtained considerable experience at various times as a temporary employee of the Smithsonian library. Miss Ruth E. Blanchard, a graduate in library science of the Uni- versity of Oklahoma and for several years a member of the library staff of the university, was appointed to the position of minor library assistant in the Astrophysical Observatory, under an arrangement, however, by which part of her salary is paid by the National Zoologi- cal Park and part of her time given to its hibrary. Stephen Stuntz, who for 6 years had been assistant messenger, was. promoted to a post elsewhere in the Institution, and the vacancy was filled by the selection of Carroll McKinley Martin. The temporary assistants were Miss Margaret Link, Miss Helen Rankin, Miss Wilda Suter, and Mrs. Emma B. Thomsen. A number of workers under the F. E. R. A. were also assigned to the library for a time early in the year and toward its close several under the W. PLA. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 89 EXCHANGE OF PUBLICATIONS As usual, although some of the accessions for the year were pre- sented by friends of the Smithsonian or were purchased, most of them came in exchange for the publications of the Institution and its branches. The packages received by mail numbered 21,808 and through the International Exchange Service 2,368—an increase of 1,920 over the previous year. Especially noteworthy were the send- ings from the R. Deputazione di Storia Patria per le Provincie di Romagna, Bologna; the Academia Romana, Bucharest; the Carlisle Natural History Society, Carlisle; the Erdélyi Muzeum, Cluj; the Instituto Nazionale di Ottica, Firenze; the Naturforschende Gesell- schaft zu Leipzig, Leipzig; the Société Géologique de Belgique, Liége; the Isle of Wight Natural History and Archaeological Society, Newport; the Nigerian Field Society, Ondo; the R. Laboratorio Centrale di Idrobiologia, Rome; the Fauna och Flora, Stockholm; the Botanisches Institut, Franz-Josefs Universitat, Szeged; the Knox Academy of Arts and Sciences, Thomaston; the Japanese Patho- logical Society, Tokyo; and the Instytut Popierania Nauki, Warsaw. More detailed mention should be made of two sendings—one that of 41 monographs and bulletins, from the Oriental Institute, Chicago; the other of 156 publications—some long since out of print—from the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, Cambridge. The last two send- ings were obtained by the library under a special exchange arrange- ment, the latter by returning to Harvard some of the university’s publications that had found their way into the Smithsonian dupli- eate collection. These many unusual sendings added materially to the resources of the Smithsonian deposit and the library of the National Museum. Among the publications received were 7,021 dissertations from the Academy of Freiberg, the Agricultural School of Bonn-Poppelsdorf, the universities of Basel, Berlin, Bern, Bonn, Breslau, Budapest, Erlangen, Freiburg, Giessen, Greifswald, Halle, Heidelberg, Jena, Johns Hopkins, Kiel, Koln, Leipzig, Lund, Marburg, Neuchatel, Pennsylvania, Rostock, Ttibingen, Utrecht, Wiirzburg, and Zirich, and the technical schools of Berlin, Braunschweig, Delft, Dresden, Karlsruhe, and Ziirich. In connection with the exchange and other activities of the library the staff wrote 2,651 letters, or 516 more than the year before, arranged for 300 new exchanges, or 36 more than in 1935, and obtained, in response to 584 request cards, 6,422 volumes and parts needed in the libraries of the Institution. It should be pointed out, however, that, thanks to the recent organization of the Smithsonian duplicates, many of these publications were found in this collection—a fact that was particularly true of the large number sent to the Smithsonian deposit 90 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 and the libraries of the Astrophysical Observatory, Bureau of Ameri- can Ethnology, and National Museum. Several thousand documents of foreign governments were forwarded by the hbrary, as usual, to the division of documents in the Library of Congress. GIFTS Among the gifts of the year at least two were notable. They were the collections—each numbering many thousands—of publications on invertebrate paleontology and orthoptera gathered, respectively, dur- ing a long period of service in the National Museum by Dr. E. O. Ulrich and the late Dr. A. N. Caudell and presented, each with a complete card index, by Dr. Ulrich and Mrs. Caudell. It is gratify- ing to know that these unique and valuable semiprivate libraries are not to be dispersed but are to remain permanently as instrumentalities of research in the sections where they have grown up. A similar col- lection—or, at least part of it—namely, that of the late Dr. Walter Hough on anthropology, also became the property of the library during the year. Special mention should be made, too, of the gift of a generous number of its own publications from the Philosophical Society of Washington, to be used by the library for exchange pur- poses. Other large gifts were received from the Bureau of the Inter- national Catalogue of Scientific Literature, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Geophysical Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution, the Anthropological Society of Washington, and the Washington Academy of Sciences, as well as from the estate of the late Dr. W. L. Abbott and from W. P. Hay, son of the late Dr. O. P. Hay. One of the most welcome gifts came from the Library of Congress. It was a complete set—the fourth presented to the Institution—of printed cards covering the publications of the Smithsonian and its bureaus, for filing in the sectional catalogs of the Museum. The smaller gifts included Contribution & V’étude des Pilons Océaniens, by His Excellency Governor L. J. Bouge, of Guade- loupe, from the author; Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise nach Bonaire, Curacao und Aruba im Jahre 1980, 3 volumes, from Dr. P. W. Hummelinck; Beitriige zur Mineralogie von Japan, by T. Wada, from T. Ito; Charles F. Dowd, by Charles N. Dowd, from Ralph W. Lester; Japanese Works of Art, 6 volumes, selected from the Moslé Collection, from Alexander G. Moslé; Moss Flora of North America North of Mexico, volume IT, parts 1-3, by A. J. Grout, from the author; Back to Newton, a Challenge to Einstein’s Theory of Relativity, by George de Bothezat, from the author; The Microscope and Its Revelations, by William B. Carpenter, Atlas der Diatoma- ceen-kunde, by Adolf Schmidt, and Diatommentafeln Zusammen- REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 91 gestellt fiir Einige Freunde—from Mrs. John V. C. Parker, from the library of her father, the late Stephen S. Day; Hunting Wild Life with Camera and Flashlight, 2 volumes, by George Shiras 3d, from Dr. Gilbert Grosvenor ; Cumulative Index to the National Geographic Magazine, 1899 to 1934, Inclusive, 2 copies, from the National Geo- graphic Society; Cyrus Hall McCormick, volume 2 (2 copies), by William T. Hutchinson, from the McCormick Historical Association ; A History of the College of Charleston, by J. H. Easterby, from the college; 26 reports on the work of the Discovery, from Dr. Stanley Kemp, director; 7 volumes of collected works on hydroids, from Mrs. C. C. Nutting; Biographical Memoir of Joseph Saxton, by Joseph Henry, from J. S. Pendleton; Collected Papers of Dr. George J. Conley, edited by Yale Castlio, and Principles of Osteopathy, by Yale Castlio, from the Kansas City College of Osteopathy and Surgery. There were also gifts from Secretary Abbot, Assistant Secretary Wetmore, Mrs. Charles D. Walcott, and the following other members, associates, and friends of the Smithsonian staff: L. B. Aldrich, Dr. KE. A. Chapin, A. H. Clark, Dr. D. M. Cochran, W. L. Corbin, F. E. Fowle, Dr. Herbert Friedmann, J. E. Graf, L. C. Gunnell, Mrs. — Walter Hough, A. H. Howell, Dr. Ales Hrdli¢ka, N. M. Judd, G. D. McCoy, Mrs. C. L. Manning, Dr. W. C. Mansfield, Dr. W. M. Maxon, G.S. Miller, Jr., Dr. Harold Morrison, C. F. W. Muesebeck, Dr. G. S. Myers, P. H. Oehser, R. G. Paine, Dr. M. J. Rathbun, J. H. Riley, Dr. W. L. Schmitt, F. M. Setzler, R. E. Snodgrass, and W. P. True. SOME STATISTICS The accessions may be summarized as follows: Pamph- Library Volumes | lets and Total charts EXSUEOD MY SICAleO DSCLVALOLYeessa eee tenes sae ee eee eek ee ee 99 150 249 BurcauofAmencanvNGhnology-- 2222 see PEE A eee eee 9 | ei et te 99 ERECTA Galery AO LEA bee een kee nis ALA RD LE RERIO ED Be er a(n AE 365 119 484 Mam leveNCLOM Ati Cale sess ln i UR DOI E e 38 14 52 INeuionelkGallenyaoteAi ta. 2 28 MEE Eee ee ea el a 314 236 550 INE Comal BV ITT Se trial ee ne eens US ae i eS ee eee 1, 669 966 2, 635 Nationale Zoolonicalubarkes: sets ATEee ever se 2 bus ye es eet 84 14 98 Radian GnrendkObeAniSMisecent cee arte wul eR ees ee 9 2 11 Smithsonian deposit, Library of Congress_._--_----.---------------------- 3, 456 3, 401 6, 857 DSTMIUGMSOMLATINORT Ce meter ee see tem a MR we SE a DDN OU ane ED ae 166 14 180 TR Gy ica) meron ee ea ae Lise lg MIN TRIN) COs A VL DART AAV el ak pI EI 2) OS 6, 299 4,916 11, 215 According to data available at the close of the year for the various libraries of the Institution, the number of publications cataloged was approximately 7,015; of cards prepared and filed, 55,829; of periodicals entered, 25,205; of loans made, 11,235, of which 281 were 92 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 to libraries outside of the Smithsonian system. The number of items borrowed from the Library of Congress was 2,330, and from other libraries 484. The following will show the work done on the union catalog: AVON Sin eaten Co 21 Cla a Ieee Ra Ce ee ee 4, 397 Pamphiletsrandy chants caralocedee eke ee ee 2, 423 ING Wis SO nei TUE THES) Vea CL aa el ae Se OE 195. Typed cards added to catalog and shelf list_______ ed eae Pan epee 6, 415 Library of Congress cards added to catalog and shelf list______________ 18, 749 SPECIAL ACTIVITIES Among the special activities of the year, a few may be mentioned as indicating further progress toward making the library system a more complete and efficient instrument in the work of the Institu- tion and its branches. The slow and tedious task of sorting, arranging, and labeling the large collection of miscellaneous material, including many thousands of scientific and technical serials, that had accumulated for years on the second and third floors of the west stacks of the Smithsonian Building—an undertaking referred to in several annual reports as receiving special attention—was at last practically finished, with the gratifying result that, as in 1934 and 1935, hundreds of publications were brought to light that were needed in the libraries of the Insti- tution. It is hoped that the unchecked material on the first floor can receive similar treatment during the coming year, 1n connection particularly with the reorganization of the office brary and the rearrangement, and possible reassignment, of the Watts de Peyster collection. The staff sorted and arranged the 7,000 and more publications that were recently given to the hbrary by the International Catalogue of Scientific Literature, selecting 1,019 for the National Museum, 108 for the Astrophysical Observatory, and 235 for the Smithsonian deposit. Most of these found their way into the active sets; the others into the reserve file—a collection, begun a year or two ago, of standard scien- tific works designed to meet the future requirements of the Institution. To this file will probably be added many of the remaining items, especially some of the longer runs, in this noteworthy gift. It is expected that permanent shelf room will be provided for the reserve collection in the west end of the Smithsonian Building when disposal is made of the duplicates now occupying this space. The staff also continued the task of reorganizing the technological library and several of the sectional libraries, notably that of administra- tion, in the Arts and Industries Building; advanced the work of classi- fying the Bell aeronautical clippings; withdrew 913 reprints and sep- REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 93 arates from the natural history library and sent them to the curators concerned; sorted according to subject the set of 27,200 printed cards covering to date the publications of the Institution and its branches, that was presented during the year by the Library of Congress, and forwarded them to the sectional libraries for filing; picked out 603 - surplus maps from the collection in the National Museum and trans- ferred them to the Smithsonian deposit, where they would be pre- served against possible future need; prepared 300 volumes for the bindery, to be sent early in July as the first installment of several thousand publications to be bound with the deficiency appropriation made to the Smithsonian for this purpose toward the close of the fiscal year ; checked and rearranged the reference collection in the office library; continued to date the index of Smithsonian publications and contributed substantially to the index of exchange relations; brought nearly to completion the seven library sets of Smithsonian publica- tions—a piece of work that has required years of special search for missing items, many long since out of print; and finished cataloging the Chinese and Japanese publications in the library of the Freer Gallery of Art, as well as the field collection that had been returned to the Gallery from China the year before. They sent back to the Superintendent of Documents a large number of Government publications that either were duplicates or were not pertinent to the work of the Institution; turned over many thousands of other items not in the immediate field of Smithsonian interest to the libraries of the Army Medical Museum, Department of Agricul- ture, Office of Education, and Geological Survey, and the Public Library of the District of Columbia; assisted further the American Association for the Advancement of Science in its effort, begun the year before and shared in at that time by the library, to complete its office set of Science by presenting to the Association 448 more numbers of this publication; made generous sendings of duplicates, under a special exchange arrangement, to the Musée Nationale d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, the John Crerar Library, Chicago, the Marine Bio- logical Laboratory, Woods Hole, and the lbraries of the following colleges and universities: Brown, Catholic, Columbia, Hamilton, Har- vard, Pennsylvania, Princeton, Vanderbilt, and Yale. From these institutions, as well as from Cornell University, Massachusetts Insti- tute of Technology, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, were received many valuable publications, most of which, if it had not been for the special exchange arrangement referred to, the library would have had to buy. Finally, the staff was called on for even more reference and biblio- graphical service than usual, not only in connection with the regular interests of the Institution in science, technology, and art, but in 101898—36——7 94 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 response to inquiries of a misceilaneous character from correspondents throughout the country. NEEDS The needs of the library remain the same—more trained assistants, more funds for binding and for purchasing necessary books and peri- odicals that cannot be obtained in exchange, and more shelf room for several of the important collections that have outgrown their accommodations. Respectfully submitted. Wiu14m L. Corsin, Librarian. Dr. C. G. Axzor, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. APPENDIX 10 REPORT ON PUBLICATIONS Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the publi- cations of the Smithsonian Institution and the Government branches under its administrative charge during the year ended June 30, 1936: The Institution published during the year 29 papers in the series of Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 1 annual report, and pamphlet copies of the 21 articles contained in the report appendix, and 3 special publications. The United States National Museum issued 1 annual report, 11 Proceedings papers, and 1 number of the Contributions from the National Herbarium. The Bureau of American Ethnology issued 1 annual report and 2 Bulletins. Of the publications there were distributed 124,359 copies, which included 75 volumes and separates of the Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, 56,495 volumes and separates of the Smithsonian Mis- cellaneous Collections, 20,765 volumes and separates of the Smith- sonian Annual Reports, 3,134 Smithsonian special publications, 33,936 volumes and separates of the National Museum publications, 9,337 publications of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 76 publications of the National Gallery of Art, 22 publications of the Freer Gallery of Art, 21 Annals of the Astrophysical Observatory, 20 reports of the Harriman Alaska Expedition, and 478 reports of the American His- torical Association. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS Of the Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, volume 91, there were issued 4 papers; volume 93, 1 paper; volume 94, 12 papers and title page and table of contents; and volume 95, 12 papers, making 29 papers in all, as follows: VOLUME 91 Reports on the collections obtained by the first Johnson-Smithsonian Deep-Sea Expedition to the Puerto Rican Deep. No. 21. Fourteen new species of foraminifera, by Joseph A. Cushman. 9 pp., 3 pls. (Publ. 3327.) July 23, 1935. No. 22. Two new foraminifera of the genus Textularia, by Cecil G. Lalicker. 2pp.,1 pl. (Publ. 3328.) July 22, 1935. 95 906 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 No. 23. A new genus of opisthognathid fishes, by George S. Myers. 5 pp., 1 text fig. (Publ. 3347.) December 24, 1985. No, 24. Four new brittlestars from Puerto Rico, by Austin H. Clark. 8 pp., 3 pls. (Publ. 3378.) February 8, 1936. VOLUME 93 No. 10. An introduction to Nebraska archeology, by William Duncan Strong. 315 pp., 25 pls., 30 figs. (Publ. 3303.) July 20, 1935. Title page and table of contents. (Publ. 3340.) VOLUME 94 No.6. The abdominal mechanisms of a grasshopper, by R. E. Snodgrass. 89 pp., 41 figs. (Publ. 3335.) September 25, 1935. No.7. A new and important copepod habitat, by Charles Branch Wilson. 13 pp., § figs. (Publ. 3336.) September 20, 19385. No.8. The Manahoae tribes in Virginia, 1608, by David I. Bushnell, Jr. 56 pp., 21 pls., 11 figs. (Publ. 3837.) October 9, 1935. No. 9. Review of the genus Chlaenobia Blanchard (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae), by Edward A. Chapin. 20 pp., 12 figs. (Publ. 3338.) September 23, 1935. No. 10. Solar radiation and weather studies, by C. G. Abbot. 89 pp., 3 pls., 88 figs. (Publ. 3339.) August 15, 1985. : No. 11. Melanesians and Australians and the peopling of America, by Ales Hrdlicka. 58 pp. (Publ. 3341.) October 18, 1935. No. 12. Mount St. Katherine, an excellent solar-radiation station, by C. G. Abbot. 11 pp., 2 pls., 1 fig. (Publ. 3342.) October 5, 1935. No. 18. Morphology of the coleopterous family Staphylinidae, by Richard E. Blackwelder. 102 pp., 30 figs. (Publ. 3343.) March 2, 1936. No. 14. A caddo burial site at Natchitoches, Louisiana, by Winslow M. Walker. 15 pp., 6 pls., 3 figs. (Publ. 3345.) December 17, 1935. No. 15. Aerial fertilization of wheat plants with carbon-dioxide gas, by Earl S. Johnston. 9 pp., 6 pls. (Publ. 3346.) December 20, 1935. No. 16. The genus Panscopus Schoenherr (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), by L. L. Buchanan. 18 pp., 2 figs. (Publ. 3376.) February 6, 19386. No. 17. Growth of a green alga in isolated wave-length regions, by Florence E. Meier. 12 pp., 1 pl., 1 fig. (Publ. 3377.) February 21, 1936. Title page and table of contents. (Publ. 3387.) VOLUME 95 No.1. Observing the sun at 19,300 feet altitude, Mount Aunconquilcha, Chile, by C. P. Butler. 4 pp., 1 fig. (Publ. 3379.) February 18, 19386. No. 2. Lethal effect of short wave lengths of the.ultraviolet on the alga Chlorella vulgaris, by Florence BE. Meier. 19 pp., 2 pls., 2 figs. (Publ. 3380.) March 20, 1986. No. 3. Liquid-propellant rocket development, by Robert H. Goddard. 10 pp., 11 pls., 1 fig. (Publ. 3381.) March 16, 1936. No. 4. Second contribution to nomenclature of Cambrian trilobites, by Charles Elner Resser. 29 pp. (Publ. 3388.) April 1, 1936. No. 5. Molluscan intermediate hosts of the Asiatic blood fluke, Schistosoma japonicum, and species confused with them, by Paul Bartsch. 60 pp., 8 pls. (Publ. 3384.) May 11, 19386. No.6. New species of American Edrioasteroidea, by R. S. Bassler. 33 pp., 7 pls. (Publ. 3385.) May 4, 19386. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY O07 No. 7. The gold-banded skipper (Rhabdoides cellus), by Austin H. Clark. 50 pp., 8 pls., 4 figs. (Publ. 3386.) May 6, 1936. No. 8. Thomas Walter, botanist, by William R. Maxon. 6 pp. (Publ. 3388.) April 22, 1936. No. 9. Preliminary observations on growth and phototropic response of oat seedlings, by Enoch Karrer. 4 pp., 1 fig. (Publ. 3389.) June 2, 1936. No. 10. Additional information on the Folsom complex: Report on the second season’s investigations at the Lindenmeier site in northern Colorado, by Frank H. H. Roberts, Jr. 38 pp., 12 pls., 5 figs. (Publ. 3390.) June 20, 1936. No. 11. Influence of planetary configurations upon the frequency of visible sun spots, by Fernando Sanford. 5 pp. (Publ. 3391.) June 5, 19386. No. 12. The dependence of terrestrial temperatures on the variations of the sun’s radiation, by C. G. Abbot. 15 pp., 7 figs. (Publ. 3392.) May 23, 1936. SMITHSONIAN ANNUAL REPORTS Report for 1934.—The complete volume of the Annual Report of the Board of Regents for 1934 was received from the Public Printer in October 1935. Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution show- ing operations, expenditures, and condition of the Institution for the year end- ing June 30, 1934. xiv+448 pp., 73 pls., 45 text figs. (Publ. 3305.) The appendix contained the following papers: The new world-picture of modern physics, by Sir James H. Jeans. The markings and rotation of Mercury, by E. M. Antoniadi. British Polar Year Expedition to Fort Rae, Northwest Canada, 1932-33, by J. M. Stagg Protium-deuterium-tritium, the hydrogen trio, by Hugh S. Taylor. Some chemical aspects of life, by Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins. Commercial extraction of bromine from sea water, by Leroy C. Stewart. Before papyrus—beyond rayon, by Gustavus J. Hsselen. The variety in tides, by H. A. Marmer. Modern seismology, by F. J. Serase. A generation’s progress in the study of evolution, by Edwin G. Conklin. How the fishes learned to swim, by Anatol Heintz. Curious and beautiful birds of Ceylon, by Casey A. Wood. The influence of civilization on the insect fauna in cultivated areas of North America, by Roger C. Smith. Arctie butterflies, by Austin H. Clark. Grasses, what they are and where they live, by A. 8S. Hitchcock. Phototropism: A specific growth response to light, by Earl S. Johnston. An outline development of highway travel, especially in America, by Carl W. Mitman. Via Appia in the days when all roads led to Rome, by Albert C. Rose. Smithsonian archeological projects conducted under the Federal Hmergency Relief Administration, 1933-34, by M. W. Stirling. Indian cultures of northeastern South America, by Herbert W. Krieger. Commerce, trade, and monetary units of the Maya, by Frans Blom. Report for 1935.—The report of the Secretary, which included the financial report of the executive committee of the Board of Regents, 98 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 and will form part of the annual report of the Board of Regents to Congress, was issued in January 1936. Report of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution and financial report of the executive committee of the Board of Regents for the year ending June 30, 1935. 90 pp., 2 pls. (Publ. 3344.) The report volume, containing the general appendix, was in press at the close of the year. SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS Biographical sketch of James Smithson. 17 pp., 4 pls. (Reprint.) 1936. Explorations and field work of the Smithsonian Institution in 1935. 80 pp., 85 figs. (Publ. 3382.) April 20, 1986. Illustrations of North American pitcherplants, by Mary Vaux Walcott. De- scriptions and notes on distribution by Edgar T. Wherry. Notes on insect associates by Frank Morton Jones. 4°. 34 pp., 15 color pls., 10 figs. October 1935. PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM The editorial work of the National Museum has continued during the year under the immediate direction of the editor, Paul H. Oehser. There were issued 1 annual report, 11 separates from the Proceedings, and one number from the Contributions from the National Herba- rium, as follows: MUSEUM REPORT Report on the progress and condition of the United States National Museum for the year ended June 30, 1935. Svo, iii+121 pp. January. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM : VOLUME 26 Part 8. New species of Pilea from the Andes. By E. P. Killip. Pp. i-viii, 367-394. January 30, 1936. PROCEEDINGS: VOLUME 83 No. 2979. New West Indian cerambycid beetles. By W.S. Fisher. Pp. 189- 210. September 9, 1935. No. 2980. Two new species of tapeworms from carnivores and a redescription of Taenia laticollis Rudolphi, 1819. By Mary Scott Skinker. Pp. 211—220, pls. 19-21. October 25, 1935. No. 2981. Paleocene mammals from the Fort Union of Montana. By George Gaylord Simpson. Pp. 221-244. October 18, 1935. No. 2982. Five new genera and two new species of unstalked crinoids. By A. H. Clark. Pp. 245-250. March 14, 1936. No. 2983. Notes on the butterflies of the genus Hnodia and description of a new fritillary from Peru. By A. H. Clark. Pp. 251-259, pl. 22. April 11, 1936. No. 2984. Polychaetous annelids from Amoy, China. By Aaron L. Treadwell. Pp. 261-279, figs. 18-20. June 10, 1936. No. 2985. A study of the fossil horse remains from the Upper Pliocene of Idaho. By C. Lewis Gazin. Pp. 281-820, figs. 21-24, pls. 23-38. June 1, 1936. No. 2986. A new genus and species of trematodes from the little brown bat REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 99 and a key to the genera of Pleurogenetinae. By Ralph W. Macy. Pp. 321-324, fig. 25. May 19, 1936. No. 2987. Two new cottid fishes from the western Pacific, with a revision of the genus Stlengis Jordan and Starks. By Rolf L. Bolin. Pp. 325-334, figs. 26-27, pl. 34. June 15, 1936. No. 2988. Tertiary plants from Venezuela. By Edward W. Berry. Pp. 335- 360, figs. 28-31. June 12, 1986. No. 2989. Three new millipeds of the order Colobognatha from Tennessee, Texas, and Lower California, with records of previously known species. By H. F. Loomis. Pp. 361-868, fig. 32. May 11, 1936. PUBLICATIONS OF THE BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY The editorial work of the bureau has continued under the imme- diate direction of the editor, Stanley Searles. During the year one annual report and two bulletins were issued, as follows: Fifty-second Annual Report on the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1934-1935. 8 pp. Bulletin 112. An introduction to Pawnee archeology. By Waldo Rudolph Wedel. 122 pp., 12 pls., 10 maps, 12 figs. Bulletin 118. The Troyville mounds, Catahoula Parish, La. By Winslow M. Walker. 73 pp., 16 pls., 15 figs. REPORT OF THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION The annual reports of the American Historical Association are transmitted by the association to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution and are communicated by him to Congress, as provided by the act of incorporation of the association. Volume II of the report for 1931, Writings in American History, 1931, was issued during the year. The annual report for 1935, in- cluding the proceedings of the association for 1933 and 1934, and the supplemental volumes to the reports for 1932 and 1933, Writings in American History, 1932 and 1933, were in press at the close of the year. REPORT OF THE NATIONAL SOCIETY, DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION The manuscript of the Thirty-eighth Annual Report of the Na- tional Society, Daughters of the American Revolution, was trans- mitted to Congress, in accordance with law, December 10, 1935. ALLOTMENTS FOR PRINTING The congressional allotments for the printing of the Smithsonian Annual Reports to Congress and the various publications of the Government bureaus under the administration of the Institution were virtually used up at the close of the year. The appropriation 100 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 for the coming year ending June 30, 1937, totals $55,500, allotted as follows: SHAithsonians Tn St ew Owe Sey se a ee ee ee 2 ee ae ae $12, 400 INGE rae Mn Se wa rg ee ape 25, 000 Bureaugot Amenican Hthnologys] 2 2222 eee ee ee 9, 000 Internationals xchange Services ss=2 ye Be eee epee 200 NationalliZoolosical) Parikrct a0 i seer cere as 0 Se A EE bee ye sien) ee 200 AStrophy sical) ;Observatony 222 to Shenk ae baie Tee eee 400: American! Eustorical Association = 2 soak aie ee eae Aes eee 8, 000 National Gallery of Arto cena ss en od a ase ee ee 300 In addition to these amounts, an appropriation of $12,000 for printing and binding was included in the Urgent Deficiency Bull. This will be used for urgent binding. Respectfully submitted. W. P. True, ditor. Dr. C. G. Axspor, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF REGENTS OF THE SMITH- SONIAN INSTITUTION FOR THE YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1936 To the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution: Your executive committee respectfully submits the foliowing report in relation to the funds of the Smithsonian Institution, together with a statement of the appropriations by Congress for the Government bureaus in the administrative charge of the Institution. SMITHSONIAN ENDOWMENT FUND The original bequest of James Smithson was £104,960 8s. 6d.— $508,318.46. Refunds of money expended in prosecution of the claim, freights, insurance, etc., together with payment into the fund of the sum of £5,015, which had been withheld during the lifetime of Madame de la Batut, brought the fund to the amount OIE paren ee Ae NO a a eI a ge EE RE $550, 000. 00 Since the original bequest the Institution has received gifts from various sources, chiefly in the years prior to 1893, the income from which may be used for the general work of the Institution. To these gifts has been added capital from savings on income, gain from sale of securities, etc., bringing the total endowment for general purposes to the amount of__________-__-____--_-__~ 1, 117, 419. 22 The Institution holds also a number of endowment gifts, the income of each being restricted to specific use. These are invested and stand on the books of the Institution as follows: Arthur, James, fund, income for investigations and study of sun and Heche OneGhensuimeaneuere Nai ea $40, 606. 64 Bacon, Virginia Purdy, fund, for a traveling scholarship to investi- gate fauna of countries other than the United States_______-______ 50, 869.12 Baird, Lucy H., fund, for creating a memorial to Secretary Baird____ 9, 207. 86 Barstow, Frederic D., fund, for purchase of animals for the Zoo- Tic@ it ENN, TE Te ee a NA ee ele ep tea 772. 34 Canfield Collection fund, for increase and care of the Canfield collec- LOMO harm era Slime OO An tee OOP ee 38, 833. 61 Casey, Thomas L., fund, for maintenance of the Casey collection and promotion of researches relating to Coleoptera______-__----____ 7, 846. 82 Chamberlain, Francis Lea, fund, for increase and promotion of Isaae Lea collection of gems and mollusks__~--_-_______--_--_- 28, 592. 33 Hillyer, Virgil, fund, for increase and care of Virgil Hillyer collec- LOMO tea ENo AOD CChS ee ee ee 6, 673. 02 Hodgkins fund, specific, for increase and diffusion of more exact knowledge in regard to nature and properties of atmospheric air__ 100, 000. 00 101 102 Special Research fund, gift, in form of real estate_______________ Hughes, Bruce, fund, to found Hughes alecove______------__-__--- Myer, Catherine Walden, fund, for purchase of first-class works of art for the use of and benefit of the National Gallery of Art______ Pell, Cornelia Livingston, fund, for maintenance of Alfred Duane PPS UTS COU Ct rae NI SAE Poore, Lucy T. and George W., fund, for general use of the Institu- tion when principal amounts to the sum of $250,000____________ Reid, Addison T., fund, for founding chair in biology in memory of Asher “Tunis £2352 2 Se ee Oe ek eee Roebling fund, for care, improvement, and increase of Roebling col- lection sof mineral sts 2 ee a ee ee Rollins, Miriam and William, fund, for investigations in physics AID OR CHETIVIS ET y a 2 2s TE NE ee Te Ee ee Springer, Frank, fund, for care, ete., of Springer collection and Di 1a eye ee acl ve rey red Ee OT ce ete eee NE Se Walcott, Charles D., and Mary Vaux, research fund, for develop- ment of geological and paleontological studies and publishing BSUS ste TCO Bes a a a a a Younger, Helen Walcott, fund, held in trust-_-___-_--_____--_____ Zerbee, Frances Brincklé, fund, for endowment of aquaria Total endowment for specific purposes other than Freer endowmentita:-5— 6.65 od ho) ed be ee ee ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 $20, 946. 00 15, 382. 40 19, 246.73. 2, 450. 56. 66, 201. 14. 29, 293. 14 122, 533. 38. 53, 568. 12 18, 207. 84 10, 718. 44 50, 112. 50: (72. 15 692, 834. 74- The capital funds of the Institution, except the Freer funds, are invested as follows: United . Consoli- | Separate Fund oy dated fund fund Total Arthur AMES eh 2 Oe ae ee $40, 606. 64 |_---_---_- $40, 606. 64 BACON WATEINIA PUndysoeenee ee ea ae ee a ee | eee 507869502) | Paes 50, 869. 12 1 BACHE CG Ud ORDA Lee i NE eae es Ep a eng | [SO Ae 95207586) | eee 9, 207. 86 Barstow) Hrederich $52) Ee oe shee SESE DE ES Mids a4 2s Gn Ee 772. 34 Ganfields Collection eee I aT epee Nie UL Ee Sep eesE (ll Yee 38, 833. 61 Caseyen Thomas Wyte ee URS Cee Ed Re eee ee Ee ee 7, 846, 82/2. se 7, 846. 82 C OST AYE Gat] OY) ol C5 0 Ree Se eS Ae cS Tape rege 8 || Sey a eke PAs SPs OS) | lessee eee 28, 592. 33 eillvier,sVir ee ees ss So a ee Pe RED ieee Eee eee 68673502" 2S5ea nee 6, 673. 02 EOC SKINS WSMOCILICS 2a Bose ae ais eae ee ce ee $100; 0007228 Se A ee 100, 000. 00 SpecialwResearchc 22225 Sn oe eS a a ee cae oe Se $20,946.00 20, 946. 00 1 bbe aYSts¥d Bp ob Kez) ae iap a a A a oN MN ls lc Fp eee i 5382440) | eee 15, 382. 40 ANs UTA) 5 SEEM ee y er OVS NA eee mag ed CH LR a PAR Coe DO 19)246) 730) |e. ee 19, 246. 73 Let VDL: (Qxopmravelhrksy AD AeA ave Oy Oe eS ee QA 5 O85 Oi | ees 2, 450. 56 Poore; Lucy and: G corge Wea ee tae ees eee 2646708l\* SOR SS la14 5 | eee eels 66, 201. 14 TEENY PeNCOWG WESYO ce) a Sg SIE eg a Os A 11, 000 13, 793. 14 | 4, 500. 00 29, 293. 14 TRO Oe) bt aeRO UNS] Vp es cm paul Tak a hp a Lk tt A OPP RRR BSL Soko eae 122, 533. 38 IROMMBOR AN Ghathaaye navel \\/UUNE eal a Soe Pe i Ne | Eee es 44, 068. 12 | 9, 500. 00 58, 568. 12 Smithsonian unrestricted: Speciali2s ) AON a Ge ESS EU UCN Sees 1, 400. 00 1, 400. 00 SANNG OT caiubba SO slosh eA LINE EN 51, 807. 71 J DpaKa Kara cas yay resets Na Syl A cl lal ay aaa ah aa 177, 090. 38 Ha belies ener s 500. 00 Hachenberg__ 4, 083. 16 Hamilton_______- 2, 909. 87 EL OTT ue tain 1, 227. 97 Hodgkins (general) 146, 446. 49 DEAT TN ee Ea ERIS Se ah apace HLA py L 728, 879. 50 FUT CGS SN SHI Sik ea NUM SU LVR EU Rea le JD ek 1, 070. 33 Sanford. 2 eee REG Re Tepes hie OEP OE) BY : 2, 003. 81 SSPOEUT ery ae Sa IS ESN Pe SA TERE LS aa 20TA84 |e eee 18, 207. 84 Walcott .Chanlesi) sandeliarymVia xe tere nee Et EAP aes: ID, 7 AE eo 10, 718. 44 MOUNT er MELOlENIVial COLT Mame eet ut nay Pt Les 50, 112. 50 50, 112. 50 ZerbecwbrancestBrincklos. ge. eae enn netn san eR eee ieee Ur US ieee ok 772. 75 PLS hea pad bea ae EP i ha a tno NAMM atl ee 1, 000, 000 | 723, 795. 46 |86, 458. 50 1, 810, 253. 96 REPORT OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 103 FREER GALLERY OF ART FUND Early in 1906, by deed of gift, Charles L. Freer, of Detroit, gave to the Institution his collection of Chinese and other oriental objects of art, as well as paintings, etchings, and other works of art by Whistler, Thayer, Dewing, and other artists. Later he also gave funds for the construction of a building to house the collection, and finally, in his will, probated November 6, 1919, he provided stock and securities to the estimated value of $1,958,591.42 as an endowment fund for the operation of the gallery. From the above date to the present time these funds have been increased by stock dividends, sav- ings of income, etc., to a total of $4,651,867.07. In view of the impor- tance and special nature of the gift and the requirements of the testator in respect to it, all Freer funds are kept separate from the other funds of the Institution, and the accounting in respect to them is stated separately. The invested funds of the Freer bequest are classified as follows: Wont cnOMMOS HMC ae eee se $521, 158. 68 Court and grounds maintenance fund______-___________________ 131, 062. 81 (Chianti re Tee ea agg em ee 530, 338. 92 PLES CULM In yg CS aC ya semen wie Ainge ae se ee ee 3, 469, 311. 66 4, 651, 867. 07 SUMMARY Invested endowment for general purposes______-________________ $1, 117, 419. 22 Invested endowment for specific purposes other than Freer endow- TONE NE eS ad re SO 692, 834. 74 Total invested endowment other than Freer endowment____ 1, 810, 253. 96 Freer invested endowment for specific purposes_________________ 4, 651, 867. 07 Total invested endowment for all purposes______-________ 6, 462, 121. 03 CLASSIFICATION OF INVESTMENTS Deposited in the U. S. Treasury at, 6 percent per annum, as au- thorized in the U. S. Revised Statutes, sec. 5591____-__-__-__ $1, 000, 000. 00 Investments other than Freer endowment (cost or market value at date acquired) : Bonds (20 different groups) —__-__-__________- $334, S88. 21 Stocks (55 different groups) —____-_____-__--_- 428, 954. 79 Real estate and first-mortgage notes_________ 41, 746. 00 Wminwestedpicapital 2222820208 4, 664. 96 810, 253. 96 Total investments other than Freer endowment___________ 1, 810, 253. 96 104 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 Investments of Freer endowment (cost or market value at date acquired) : Bonds (42 different groups) -------------___- $2, 153, 477. 00 Stocks (50 different groups) —-------_--______ 2, 458, 494. 73. Real estate first-mortgage notes_____________ 37, 500. 00 WminvViestedy ic api tenis og we ete Nera wth a 2, 395. 34 $4, 651, 867. 07 Po tail Hinivestmi ents 2 2 2 eye) yas yd pase ll oes PT a ee 6, 462, 121. 08 CASH BALANCES, RECEIPTS, AND DISBURSEMENTS DURING THE FISCAL YEAR t Cash balance on hand June 30, 19385___2-__-----___- = Receipts: Cash income from various sources for general WORK Ot Was Thasii oa! se $66, 611. 05 Cash gifts and contributions expendable for spe- cial scientific objects (not to be invested) _____ 23, 998. 62 Cash gifts for special scientific work (to be in- VEST Od) jeg Hey Celie Dew Condi ae ly ab seal aw ind apcrklls 7, 000. 00 Cash income from endowments for specific use other than Freer endowment and from miscel- laneous sources (including refund of temporary EUGV DIN COSI) ESE a es eect ce en See Pea NVR RUNS 60, 089. 96 Cash received as royalties from Smithsonian CLEMET CSOT OSS Ue aaa ta 37, 875. 92 Cash capital from sale, call of securities, etc. (to DEV TEM VESTS) ae IEE ERR SONA sa ee Ue we 151, 534. 99 Total receipts other than Freer endowment____________ Cash receipts from Freer endowment: Income EL OMNIA VES UIT SINS ie tC ee nes ee 259, 420. 73 Cash capital from sale, call of securities, ete. CLOT Ee Tree Cl) ees ta ea Or eS eT de 1, 175, 874. 51 AU ee) GaN eS Ne eater uN TLS I URN PO TEN Disbursements: From funds for general work of the Institution: Buildings, care, repairs, and alterations____ $3, 988. 87 Murnituressand > tbxturese tien aia ie eee 438. 79 General administration 7___.______________ 27, 002. 60 TST Tear ee aC RR UAE eT NUN ea 2, 208. 85 Publications (comprising preparation, print- OFA VEVAEL ChSHEn| aD UeKOy A) ya 16, 555. 16 Researches and explorations__-___________ 17, 090. 34 International Exchanges________---___=___ 4, 788. 30 $578, 572. 12 347, 110. 54 1, 435, 295. 24 2, 360, 977. 90: 72, O72. 91 1 This statement does not include Government appropriations under the administrative charge of the Institution. 2 This includes salary of the Secretary and certain others. J REPORT OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 105 Disbursements—Continued. From funds for specific use, other than Freer endowment : Investments made from gifts, from gain from sale, ete., of securities and from sav- INS ON IMCOMIC aes es $11, 608. 81 Other expenditures, consisting largely of research work, travel, increase and care of special collections, etc., from income of endowment funds and from cash gifts for specific use (including temporary ad- VEIN CCS) ramen eae a vee eet Meat rie ete a 94, 450. 36 Reinvestment of cash capital from sale, eall of securities, ete__---------________ 164, 432. 67 $270, 491. 84 From Freer endowment : Operating expenses of the gallery, salaries, fielddkexpenses; Kates we ei 67, 882.17 Purchase of art objects________________--- 2138, 876. 72 Investments made from gain from sale, etc., AS CUTE TEE Sc a os en 8 75, 756. 14 ‘Reinvestment of cash capital from sale, call | OMMSECUENGIES we bC se ee 1, 431, 373. 56 Accrued interest on bonds purchased____~__ 7, 072.18 1, 795, 960. 72 Cash balance ‘June'30! 11936... eo yet 222, 452. 43 CUR ay aN a ey ee og yc pai gee gy aE et 2, 360, 977. 90 EXPENDITURES FOR RESEARCHES IN’ PURE SCIENCE, PUBLICATIONS, EXPLORA- TIONS, CARE, INCREASE, AND STUDY OF COLLECTIONS. ETC. Expenditures from general funds of the Institution: JE SVC OHV a a ee eel eka ib Sire pz ere $16, 555. 16 Researches and explorations______---______-_----_- 17, 090. 34 —_—_——— $83, 645. 50 Expenditures from funds devoted to specific purposes: Researches and explorations____---~--------------- 57, 669. 45 Care, increase, and study of special collections____- 12, 545. 96 Publications 2s 2s 220 eee Sia gaenes Pe — 6,033: 72 —————— 76, 249.18 SING {lll eee Eman Nt lls) ES ea a eee 109, 894. 63 The practice of depositing on time in local trust companies and banks such revenues as may be spared temporarily has been continued during the past year, and interest on these deposits has amounted to $925.30. The Institution gratefully acknowledges gifts or bequests from the following: Mrs. Laura Welsh Casey, for further contributions to Thomas Lincoln Casey fund, for investigations in Coleoptera. 106 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1936 Mrs. Virgil M. Hillyer, for the establishment of a fund the income from which is to be used in the care and increase of the Virgil Hillyer collection of lighting objects. Research Corporation, for further contributions for researches in radiation. Mrs. Mary Vaux Walcott, for contribution for the purchase of certain speci- mens and a collection of pamphlets on anthropology. All payments are made by check, signed by the Secretary of the In- stitution on the Treasurer of the United States, and all revenues are deposited to the credit of the same account. In many instances de- posits are placed in bank for convenience of collection and later ara withdrawn in round amounts and deposited in the Treasury. The foregoing report relates only to the private funds of the Insti- tution. The following annual appropriations were made by Congress for the Government bureaus under the administrative charge of the Smithsonian Institution for the fiscal year 1936: Salaries ‘and expenses.224 2 smo ale Del ky ie is Bee, $36, 326. 00 International! SMxchia mg ess esa A eee 44, 262. 00 American Hthnol ogy 22 Moisi olaiis wee Yeieaue ton ayaa 58, 730. 00 Astrophysical Observatony22) = eee 30, 846. GO National Museum: Maintenance and operation__-______--___--__-__ $125, 672. 00 Preservation of collections______________-______ 594, 578. 00 720, 250. 00 Nation alaGallerny