101 onc ee 4 S6628 Nay At er . FISH _ REPORT OF THE SECRETARY _. OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION - AND is FINANCIAL REPORT OF _ THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF __THE BOARD OF REGENTS 1945 "SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION WASHINGTON, D.C. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION AND FINANCIAL REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF REGENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED JUNE 30 1945 (Publication 3813) UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1945 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D, Cs Price 30 cents CONTENTS Page ALESHSIS, iE UTTER SP ia a lg aN i) al RP On ¥ SHccialawarcliMme activities. = oe" se oto oe ee eee eo Ce ek 3 Summary of the year’s activities of the branches of the Institution.____.. 5 PRNeResuaOMSINMeMb er ees ores oe eel ame ea ee ae ee ee 10 MiivepisO TedsOimverentsemnn oi hae ce ce es a es a ee 10 TEU Bu GSS cen ats lpg ll pl ep ea a ap 12 Sentence lebraion esses ak see ene we A ees 12 Pehiteenb amar aUT Mer CUEC es me yaa LUNN: 2 ee aN 12 1D EET BYES) a ei a fy eT a ga ly age occ ee RO 13 DEEN SPEEA a yl IN iS Il ph npr ae a ye MA PE 14 Appendix 1. Report on the United States National Museum__-_.___-_.- 15. 2, Report on the National Gallery of Art..-~--_2_.-.. 2 2 L_ 26 3. Report on the National Collection of Fine Arts__-_____-_-- 37 aiveport on the Hreer Gallery, of Art. 222 42 0) eos ee 43 5. Report on the Bureau of American Ethnology..___-.__-_-- 51 6. Report on the International Exchange Service_-_._._-_-_~- 60 7. Report on the National Zoological Park____.._-_..__-_---- 67 8. Report on the Astrophysical Observatory____...-_-_-_.--- 92 CRE eporti om theniibrary sues men ae meta WIEBE ING NaS Cian dN Ne Sa 96 LO PAEVEPOrc OD Ub CAblons ms Wee wie Fret We Kee net NE ae se 102 Report of the executive committee of the Board of Regents_...___._-_-_ 109 THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION June 30, 1945 Presiding Officer exw officio.—Harry S. TRUMAN, President of the United States. Chancellor.—HaRLan Ff. STONE, Chief Justice of the United States. Members of the Institution: Harry S. TRUMAN, President of the United States. Vice President of the United States. HARLAN F. STONE, Chief Justice of the United States. EpwArp R. STETTINIUS, Jr., Secretary of State. Henry MorRGENTHAU, Jr., Secretary of the Treasury. Henry L. Stimson, Secretary of War. Tom C. CLARK, Attorney General. FRANK C. WALKER, Postmaster General. JAMES VY. ForRESTAL, Secretary of the Navy. Harotp L. Ickes, Secretary of the Interior. CLINTON P. ANDERSON, Secretary of Agriculture. Henry A. WALLACE, Secretary of Commerce. FRANCES PERKINS, Secretary of Labor. Regents of the Institution: Hartan FE. Stone, Chief Justice of the United States, Chancellor. Vice President of the United States. ALBEN W. BARKLEY, Member of the Senate. WALLACE H. WHITE, Jr., Member of the Senate. WALTER EF’. Grorce, Member of the Senate. CLARENCE CANNON, Member of the House of Representatives. EpwaArp H). Cox, Member of the House of Representatives. B. CARROLL REECE, Member of the House of Representatives. FReDeRIc A. DELANO, citizen of Washington, D. C. Rotanp S. Morris, citizen of Pennsylvania. Harvey N. Davis, citizen of New Jersey. ARrHurR H. Compton, citizen of Illinois. VANNEVAR BUSH, citizen of Washington, D. C. FREDERIC C. WALCOTT, citizen of Connecticut. Executive Commititee—FREDERIC A. DELANO, VANNEVAR BUSH, CLARENCE CANNON. Secretary.—ALEXANDER WETMORE. Assistant Secretary.—JoHN EH. GRAF. Administrative assistant to the Secretary.—HABRY W. DORSEY. Treasurer.—NicHoLAs W. DoRseEY. Chief, editorial division.—WEBSTER P. TRUE. Administrative accountant.—THOMAS F. CLARK. Librarian.— LEILA FE. CLARK. Personnel officer —B. T. CARWITHEN. Property clerk.— JAMES H. HI 1. UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Director.—AIrxANDER WETMORE. VI ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1945 SCIENTIFIC STAFF DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY : Frank M. Setzler, head curator; A. J. Andrews, chief preparator. Division of Archeology: Neil M. Judd, curator; Waldo R. Wedel, associate curator; J. R. Caldwell, scientific aid; J. Townsend Russell, honorary assistant curator of Old World archeology. ‘ Division of Ethnology: H. W. Krieger, curator; R. A, Elder, Jr., assistant curator; Arthur P. Rice, collaborator. Division of Physical Anthropology: T. Dale Stewart, curator; M. T. Newman, associate curator.* Collaborator in anthropology: George Grant MacCurdy. DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY: Waldo L. Schmitt, head curator; W. L. Brown, chief taxidermist; Aime M. Awl, illustrator. Division of Mammals: Remington Kellogg, curator; D. H. Johnson, associate curator*; R. M. Gilmore, associate curator; H. Harold Shamel, scientific aid; A. Brazier Howell, collaborator; Gerrit S. Miller, Jr., associate. Division of Birds: Herbert Friedmann, curator; H. G. Deignan, associate curator; Alexander Wetmore, custodian of alcoholic and skeleton collec- tions; Arthur C. Bent, collaborator. Division of Reptiles and Batrachians: Doris M. Cochran, associate curator. Division of Fishes: Leonard P. Schultz, curator; R. R. Miller, associate curator; Marie P. Fish, scientific aid. Division of Insects: L. O. Howard, honorary curator; Edward A, Chapin, curator; R. H. Blackwelder, associate curator* ; W. E. Hoffman, associate curator; W. L. Jellison, collaborator. Section of Hymenoptera: S. A. Rohwer, custodian; W. M. Mann, assist- ant custodian; Robert A. Cushman, assistant custodian. Section of Myriapoda: O. F. Cook, custodian. Section of Diptera: Charles T. Greene, assistant custodian. Section of Coleoptera: L. L. Buchanan, specialist for Casey collection. Section of Lepidoptera: J. T. Barnes, collaborator. Section of Forest Tree Beetles: A. D. Hopkins, custodian. Division of Marine Invertebrates: Waldo L. Schmitt, curator; Mildred §S. Wilson, assistant curator; Mrs. Harriet Richardson Searle, collaborator ; Max M. Ellis, collaborator; J. Percy Moore, collaborator; Joseph A. Cushman, collaborator in Foraminifera, Division of Mollusks: Paul Bartsch, curator; Harald A. Rehder, associate curator; Joseph P. EH. Morrison, assistant curator. Section of Helminthological Collections: Benjamin Schwartz, collabo- rator. Division of Echinoderms: Austin H. Clark, curator. Division of Plants (National Herbarium) : W. R. Maxon, curator; Ellsworth P. Killip, associate curator; Emery C. Leonard, assistant curator; Conrad V. Morton, assistant curator; Egbert H. Walker, assistant curator; John A. Stevenson, custodian of C. G. Lloyd mycological collection. Section of Grasses: Agnes Chase, custodian. Section of Cryptogamic Collections: O. F. Cook, assistant curator. Section of Higher Algae: W. T. Swingle, custodian. Section of Lower Fungi: D. G. Fairchild, custodian. Section of Diatoms: Paul S, Conger, associate curator. *Now on war duty. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY VII DEPARTMENT or BroLtogy—Continued. Associates in Zoology: Theodore S. Palmer, William B. Marshall, A. G. Boving, W. K. Fisher, C. R. Shoemaker, H. A. Goldman. Associates in Botany: Henri Pittier, F. A. McClure. Collaborator in Zoology: Robert Sterling Clark. Collaborators in Biology: A. K. Fisher, David C. Graham. DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY: R. S. Bassler, head curator; Jessie G. Beach, aid. Division of Mineralogy and Petrology: W. ¥. Foshag, curator; EH. P. Hender- son, associate curator; B. O. Reberholt, scientific aid; Frank L. Hess, custodian of rare metals and rare earths. Division of Invertebrate Paleontology and Paleobotany: Gustay A. Cooper, curator. Section of Invertebrate Paleontology: T. W. Stanton, custodian of Mesozoic collection ; J. B. Reeside, Jr., custodian of Mesozoic collection ; Paul Bartsch, curator of Cenozoic collection. Division of Vertebrate Paleontology: Charles W. Gilmore, curator; C. Lewis Gazin, associate curator* ; Norman H. Boss, chief preparator. Associates in Mineralogy: W. T. Schaller, S. H. Perry. Associate in Paleontology: T. W. Vaughan. Associate in Petrology: Whitman Cross. DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIES: Carl W. Mitman, head curator. Division of Engineering: Car] W. Mitman, head curator in charge; Frank A. Taylor, curator.* Section of Transportation and Civil Engineering: Frank A. Taylor, in charge.* Section of Aeronautics: Paul E. Garber, associate curator,* F. C. Reed, acting associate curator. Section of Mechanical Engineering ; Frank A. Taylor, in charge.* Section of Electrical Engineering and Communications: Frank A. Taylor, in charge.* Section of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering: Carl W. Mitman, in charge. Section of Physical Sciences and Measurement: Frank A. Taylor, in charge.* Section of Tools: Frank A. Taylor, in charge.* Division of Crafts and Industries: Frederick L. Lewton, curator; Hlizabeth W. Rosson, assistant curator. Section of Textiles: Frederick L. Lewton, in charge. Section of Woods and Wood Technology: William N. Watkins, associate curator. Section of Chemical Industries: Frederick L. Lewton, in charge. Section of Agricultural Industries: Frederick L. Lewton, in charge. Division of Medicine and Public Health: Charles Whitebread, associate curator. Division of Graphic Arts: R. P. Tolman, curator. Section of Photography: A. J. Olmsted, associate curator. Division or History: T. T. Belote, curator; Charles Carey, associate curator ; J. Russell Sirlouis, scientific aid; Catherine L. Manning, assistant curator (philately). *Now on war duty. VIII ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1945 ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF Chief of correspondence and documenis.—H. S. BRYANT. Assistant chief of correspondence and documents.—L, E. COMMERFORD. Superintendent of buildings and labor.—l. L. OLIVER. Assistant superintendent of buildings and labor.—CHARLES C. SINCLAIR. Editor.—PavuL H. OEHSER. Accountant and auditor.—T. F. CLARK. Photographer.—G. I. HIiGHTOWER. Property officer.—A. W. WILDING. Assistant librarian.—ELIsABETH H. GAZIN. NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART Trustees: HaArRLAn F. STONE, Chief Justice of the United States, Chairman. EpwArp R. STETTINIvs, Jr., Secretary of State. HENRY MORGENTHAU, Jr., Secretary of the Treasury. ALEXANDER WETMORE, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. DAvip K. E. Bruce. FERDINAND LAMMOT BELIN. DUNCAN PHILIPS. SAMUEL H. KRgEss. CHESTER DALE. President.—SAMUEL H. KReEsgs. Vice President.— FERDINAND LAMMOT BELIN. Secretary-Treasurer.—HUNTINGTON CAIRNS. Director.—Davip E. FIntey. Administrator.—H. A. McBRivE. General Counsel.—HUNTINGTON CAIRNS. Chief Curator —JOHN WALKER. Assistant Director.—MAccILL JAMES. NATIONAL COLLECTION OF FINE ARTS Acting Director.—RvEt P. ToLMAN. FREER GALLERY OF ART Director.—A. G. WENLEY. Assistant Director.—GRAcCE DUNHAM GUEST. Associate in research.—J. A. PopE.* Associate in Near Eastern art.—RICHARD HWTTINGHAUSEN. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY Chief.—MATTHEW W. STIRLING. Assistant Chief — Frank H. H. Roserts, Jr. Senior ethnologists.—H. B. Cotttins, Jr., JOHN P. Harrineton, W. N. FENTON. Senior anthropologists.—H. G. BARNETT, G. R. WILLEY. Coliaborator.—JoHN R. SwANToN. Hditor.—M. HeLen PALMER. Librarian.—Mirtam B. KetcHum. Illustrator.— EDWIN G. CASSEDY. INSTITUTE oF SocIAL ANTHROPOLOGY.—JULIAN H. STEWARD, Director. *Now on war duty. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY IX INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE SERVICE Acting Chief.—Harry W. Dorsey. Acting Chief Clerk.—¥F. B. Gass. NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK Director.—WILLIAM M. MANN. Assistant Director.—ERNEST P. WALKER. ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY Director.—Loyat B. ALDRICH. DIvISION or ASTROPHYSICAL RESEARCH: Loyal B. Aldrich, in charge; William H. Hoover, senior astrophysicist; Charles G. Abbot, research associate. DIVISION oF RADIATION AND ORGANISMS: Har] S. Johnston, assistant director ; Edward D. McAlister, senior physicist ;* Leland B. Clark, engineer (precision instruments) ; Robert L. Weintraub, associate biochemist ; Leonard Price, junior physicist (biophysics). *Now on war duty. La hie hey RR eee) Es Aten REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION ALEXANDER WETMORE FOR THE YEAR ENDED JUNE 380, 1945 To the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. GENTLEMEN: I have the honor to submit herewith my report show- ing the activities and condition of the Smithsonian Institution and the Government bureaus under its administrative charge during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1945. The first 14 pages contain a summary account of the affairs of the Institution; it will be noted that many activities usually included in this section are missing, wartime con- ditions again having forced their suspension. Appendixes 1 to 10 give more detailed reports of the operations of the National Museum, the National Gallery of Art, the National Collection of Fine Arts, the Freer Gallery of Art, the Bureau of American Ethnology, the In- ternational Exchanges, the National Zoological Park, the Astro- physical Observatory, the Smithsonian library, and of the publications issued under the direction of the Institution. On page 109 is the finan- cial report of the executive committee of the Board of Regents. As stated in last year’s report, Dr. Charles G. Abbot, Secretary of the Institution since 1927, resigned on June 30, 1944, in order to devote himself to his researches in solar radiation. Having been Assistant Secretary of the Institution since 1925, by instruction of the Executive Committee I took over the duties of the position as Acting Secretary until the next meeting of the Board of Regents on January 12, 1945, when I was elected Secretary. I am fully mindful of the honor done me by the Board, as well as of the great responsibility devolving upon one called upon to direct the multitudinous and varied activities of such a large organization as the Institution has grown to be. Next year, the Smithsonian will celebrate its one hundredth anniver- sary, so that for 99 years its officials and staff have devoted their best efforts to making it in very fact what the founder, James Smithson, desired, namely, an institution for the increase and diffusion of knowl- edge among men. Starting with only the Institution proper housed in a single building, the organization has developed and expanded its fields of activity until it now directs six Government bureaus, as well 1 2 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1945 as the privately endowed Freer Gallery of Art, and occupies five buildings on the Mall, besides the numerous buildings of the National Zoological Park in northwest Washington. From a single series, Smithsonian publications have expanded to include nine regular series and four others issued at infrequent intervals. In promoting the increase of knowledge, the Institution conducts and sponsors original researches and scientific explorations, mainly in the fields of anthropology, biology, geology, and astrophysics; the diffusion of knowledge is accomplished through the publications just mentioned, through museum and art gallery exhibits, through the In- ternational Exchanges (of scientific and governmental publications), through radio programs and popular science news releases, and through answering the scientific inquiries of thousands of correspond- ents each year. Throughout Smithsonian history the basic principle that has un- derlain its scientific work is that researches shall be prosecuted for the new knowledge to be gained alone, without regard to its possible economic usefulness. This simple principle has enabled the Institu- tion to accomplish much more in the way of new additions to existing knowledge than might have been expected with its limited financial resources, and it is the intention to continue this type of operation. I assumed the secretaryship in the midst of the trying times of World War II. A large proportion of the Institution’s normal ac- tivities in research, exploration, and publication had been suspended so that the staff could devote itself to aiding the Army and Navy in the prosecution of the war. Some of this work is described later in this report. At the close of the fiscal year, however, victory had been achieved in Europe, and it was beginning to be apparent that the Japanese could not resist much longer. My first duty, therefore, will be to plan the orderly resumption of normal Smithsonian work, at the same time taking stock of the Institution’s position in the light of postwar conditions. Two of the major problems facing the Institu- tion at the close of the war are the inadequacy of the present buildings for the National Museum, and the need for more personnel in the scientific, clerical, and custodial categories. Steps to remedy both of these conditions are under consideration. One of my first concerns was to review the relationship of the Insti- tution with the Series Publishers, Inc., who published the Smithsonian Scientific Series. This set of 12 volumes was written and edited by members of the Institution’s staff, and published and sold under con- tract by the above corporation, the Institution receiving author’s royalties on all sales. Over the past several years numerous com- plaints had reached the Institution regarding the selling methods of the publisher’s agents. I held a series of conferences with the officials REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 3 of the company, as a result of which it is believed the causes for complaint have been largely eliminated. SPECIAL WARTIME ACTIVITIES Technical information to armed forces.—Probably the Institution’s most useful wartime function has been to furnish technical informa- tion requested by the Army, Navy, and war agencies. During the first years of the war information was urgently needed on the geography, peoples, disease-bearing insects and other animals, and other features of many little-known war areas, particularly in the Pacific theater. As many members of the Institution’s scientific staff had visited or studied these regions, they were called upon with increasing frequency to furnish such information. Records kept by the Smithsonian War Committee showed more than 2,000 such requests during the first 2 years of war. As the Pacific war moved westward, however, first- hand information became available to the Army and Navy, and calls upon the Institution’s staff during the past year began to diminish, al- though several staff members continued to be in almost continuous conference with Army and Navy officials. Ethnogeographic Board—The same sequence of events occurred in the case of the Ethnogeographic Board, a nongovernmental agency created cooperatively by the Smithsonian Institution, the National Research Council, the American Council of Learned Societies, and the Social Science Research Council, to act as a clearinghouse for anthropo- logical and geographic information needed by the Army and Navy. During the earlier stages of the war the Board was called upon con- tinually for information, reports, and assistance, and its very ex- tensive file of American experts in many branches of science was in constant use. Around July 1, 1944, however, the need for such service began to taper off, and Dr. William Duncan Strong, the Director, re- turned to Columbia University to resume his duties as professor of anthropology. The Board was kept in operation under the direction of Dr. Henry B. Collins, Jr., of the Bureau of American Ethnology, who had assisted Dr. Strong from the beginning. Its services were in demand, though to a lesser extent, throughout the year. Improvement of cultural relations with the other American re- publics —A_ wartime service which the Institution was unusually well | fitted to take part in was the Government’s program for the improve- ment and extension of cultural relations with the other American re- publics. A number of projects in this field were undertaken soon after the beginning of the war, and these have been carried forward _ during the past year. The monumental Handbook of South American Indians, of which 50 percent of the authors are scientists of the other American republics, progressed satisfactorily under the continued 4 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1945 guidance of Dr. Julian H. Steward. Volumes 1 and 2 were in proof, and volumes 3 and 4 went to the printer toward the close of the year. The manuscript of the fifth and last volume was expected to be com- pleted early in the coming year. The editorial costs of the Handbook, which will appear as a Bulletin of the Bureau of American Ethnology, have been defrayed by the Department of State. The Institute of Social Anthropology, set up in 1943 under the directorship of Dr. Steward to carry out cooperative training in an- thropological teaching and research with the other American re- publics, continued its work in Mexico jointly with the Escuela Nacional de Antropologia of the Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia. Two members of the Institute’s staff taught at the Escuela and, during the last half of the year, directed field research among the Tarascan Indians. In Pert, staff members studied Moche, an Indian community on the north coast, and supervised a field survey of the central Highlands of Peri by representatives of the Museos Historicos. In Brazil, teaching and research in Brazilian social anthropology were planned in cooperation with the Escola Livre de Sociologia e Politica of Sao Paulo. The third part of a “Checklist of the Coleopter ous Insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America,” by Dr. R. E. Blackwelder, appeared during the year. As stated in previous re- ports, this published list of one of the largest and most important groups of insects will be an invaluable aid in future entomological research in the Americas. In addition to these major projects several members of the staff conducted field work in various South and Central Amen oe coun- tries in cooperation with scientists of those countries. Return of evacuated collections—Karly in the war many of the priceless and irreplaceable historical and scientific materials in the national collections were removed to a place of safety in anticipation of possible bombings of American cities. By November 1944 this potential danger was considered to be negligible, and all the evacuated material was brought back to the Institution. The specimens so handled occupied 21,000 cubic feet of space and weighed some 117,500 pounds. The transfer was made without damage in spite of the fact that many of the specimens were fragile and difficult to pack and to handle. Among the materials safely transported both ways were thousands of type specimens of mammals, birds, fishes, insects, plants, and other life forms, which are of vital importance to science. Other priceless specimens to make the trip were the original Star Spangled Banner, George Washington’s field kit, and many other tangible evidences of America’s past struggles to win and preserve her freedom. The scientific and historical collections in American institutions and -.. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY LATTA VS 5 museums assume an ever greater importance in view of the destruction of a great many such collections in Europe. Smithsonian War Background Studies.—The series of publientions penibd early in the war to present authentic information on the peoples, geography, history, and other features of war areas, entitled “War Background Studies,” was concluded during the year. Details of the series are given later in this report, and I will say here only that the demand for the books far exceeded the expectations of the Institution, and it was found necessary to reprint all of them, some a number of times, not only for distribution by the Institution, but also for the official use of the Army and Navy. The total number of copies printed for both the Institution and the armed services was 632,225. SUMMARY OF THE YEAR'S ACTIVITIES OF THE BRANCHES OF THE INSTITUTION National Museum.—aAll possible efforts of the staff were concen- trated on projects related to the prosecution of the war, though these naturally lessened toward the close of the year. Several members of the staff worked in connection with the Department -of State’s pro- gram for cultural cooperation with the other American republics, in- volving travel and study in Mexico, Haiti, Chile, and Panama. During the -year, 232,822 specimens were added to the collections, bringing the total number of catalog entries to 18,151,400. Worthy of special mention among the new accessions were the following: In anthropology, 5,677 specimens from Indian village sites in Scott and Lane Counties, Kans., a large number of specimens from various islands in the Pacific, and the valuable Arthur Michael collection of early American silver; in biology, a collection of 600 birds from Panama, 700 reptiles and amphibians from the Indo-Pacific region, the Dayton Stoner collection of Scutelleroidea, 25,000 mollusks from the Perlas Islands, Panama, and two lots of plants from Colombia totaling 3,720 specimens; in geology, a number of rare and valuable gems and minerals, including the finest specimen so far recovered of the new mineral brazilianite, several meteorites, including the 1,164- pound Drum Mountain, Utah, meteorite, and 10,000 fossil specimens collected in the Paleozoic of the southern Appalachians by Dr. Charles Butts; in engineering and industries, the first experimental jet-pro- pelled plane built in this country, a well-preserved 1902 Oldsmobile, and the entire equipment and furnishings of an Old World apothecary shop of the period 1750; in history, a series of 50 bronze statuettes by ~ Max Kalish of distinguished Americans, known as The Living Hall of Washington, 1944. The total number of visitors to the Museum during the year was 1,730,716, an increase over last year of 197,951. 6 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1945 The year’s publications included 1 Bulletin, 1 Contribution from the National Herbarium, and 18 Proceedings papers. Among the im- portant staff changes were the advancement of John EK. Graf from Associate Director of the Museum to Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution; the appointment of Dr. Raymond M.— Gilmore as associate curator in the division of mammals, William KE. Hoffmann, associate curator in the division of insects, Robert A. Elder, Jr., as assistant curator in the division of ethnology, and Mrs. Mildred S. Wilson as assistant curator in the division of marine invertebrates. National Gallery of Art—The year’s attendance at the Gallery was the largest since it was opened in 1941, the total being 2,078,739. Approximately 35 percent of these were men and women in the armed services. Sunday night openings with free concerts continued throughout the year with undiminished popularity. In October 1944 the Gallery published a book, Masterpieces of Painting from the National Gallery of Art, which contained 85 color reproductions of paintings in the collections. The public demand was so great that a second edition was being printed at the close of the year. A contract was entered into for the completion of six new galleries for exhibition of recent acquisitions of paintings and sculpture. All the works of art in protective storage in North Carolina during the war were brought back to the Gallery without damage in October 1944, Gifts included 80 important Italian, French, and Dutch paint- ings and 26 pieces of sculpture from Samuel H. Kress and the Samuel H. Kress Foundation, and a number of other paintings from various donors, as well as 1,740 prints and drawings from Lessing J. Rosen- wald, and others from a number of donors. Twelve special exhibitions were held at the Gallery, including several of war paintings. Travel- ing exhibitions from the Index of American Design and the Rosenwald collection of prints were sent to art institutions in various parts of the country. The Gallery tours attracted more than 15,000 people, and nearly 27,000 attended the daily 10-minute lectures on the “Picture of the Week.” National Collection of Fine Arts.—The twenty-second annual meet- ing of the Smithsonian Art Commission was held on December 5, 1944, the annual meetings scheduled for the 2 previous years having been canceled on account of transportation conditions. A number of oil paintings and other art works that had been submitted since the last meeting in 1941 were accepted. The Commission adopted resolutions on the death of three former members, John EK. Lodge in 1942, and Charles L. Borie and Dr. Frederick P. Keppel in 19438. Officers elected for the coming year were: Paul Manship, chairman; Frank Jewett Mather, Jr., vice chairman; and Dr. Alexander Wet- more, secretary. Seven miniatures were acquired through the Cathe- REPORT OF THE SECRETARY i rine Walden Myer fund. A number of paintings were lent to other organizations, including two to the White House, one of these—Max Weyl’s “Indian Summer Day”—to be hung in President Truman’s study. Eight special exhibitions were held, as follows: A selection of paintings from the William T. Evans collection of American paint- ings; group of portraits by Enit Kaufman, called “The American Century”; the Seventh Metropolitan State Art Contest; miniatures by the Pennsylvania Society of Miniature Painters; water colors of Latin America by Carl Folke Sahlin; paintings by modern Cuban painters; paintings and sculpture by members of the Society of Washington Artists; and drawings presented to the United States by the French Republic in 1915. Freer Gallery of Art—Additions to the collections included Egypto-Arabic bookbinding, Chinese bronze, Arabic and East Per- sian calligraphy, Chinese and Persian ceramics, Persian manuscript, Persian and Veneto-Islamic metalwork, Chinese, Indian, and Persian painting, Chinese sculpture, and Chinese silver. Curatorial work of the staff was devoted to the study of new acquisitions and to general research work within the collections, as well as to the preparation of material for publication. Reports were made on more than 2,000 objects submitted for examination by other institutions and by indi- viduals. Work connected with the war included assistance given the Office of War Information by a staff member 4 days a week for 6 months, and the revision of official Government publications on China and Japan. The Gallery has heretofore been open to the public every day except Monday, but beginning January 29, 1945, it was open 7 days a week. The year’s visitors totaled 72,186. Staff members gave 12 lectures during the year before various organizations. Among the changes in personnel were the appointment of Richard Ettinghausen as associate in Near Eastern art, and the detachment from the Gallery of John A. Pope, associate in research, for active duty as Captain, United States Marine Corps Reserve. Bureau of American Ethnology.—Dr. M. W. Stirling, Chief of the Bureau, devoted 5 months to continuing the work of the Smithsonian Institution—National Geographic Society archeological project in southern Mexico. Reconnaissance work located a number of archeo- logical sites, and excavations were conducted on a large earth mound covering a complex stone-masonry structure in Chiapas near the town of Ocozocoautla. A new large site of the La Venta culture was dis- covered on the Rfo Chiguito in southern Veracruz. It contained two large mound groups and a number of carved monuments, including the two largest La Venta colossal heads yet found. Dr. John P. Har- rington spent a large part of his time in translating letters and docu- ments in obscure languages for the Office of Censorship. In addition, 670174452 8 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1945 he prepared 12 articles on American Indian linguistic subjects. Dr. Frank H. H. Roberts, Jr., continued his studies of the Folsom material obtained from the Lindenmeier site in northern Colorado, including comparisons with artifacts from other early sites in the New World. Dr. Roberts served as liaison between the Smithsonian Institution and the Committee for the Recovery of Archaeological Remains, an organization representing several societies interested in the preserva- tion of aboriginal materials that are in danger of being lost through the flooding of river areas by power-dam construction. Dr. Henry B. Collins, Jr., served as Director of the Ethnogeographic Board after the resignation of Dr. Strong. He also attended a meeting in Mon- treal to organize the Arctic Institute of North America, formed to promote scientific research in Alaska, Canada, and Greenland; later, as one of the governors of the Institute, he attended other meetings in Montreal to formulate plans for its operation. Dr. William N. Fenton continued his work as research associate of the Ethnogeo- graphic Board, completing six reports on a survey of Army training programs in American universities. Toward the end of the year Dr. Fenton resumed his studies on the Iroquois Indians, visiting the Six Nations Reserve near Brantford, Canada. Dr. H. G. Barnett con- tinued his studies of the general problem of cultural change, especially as related to Indian tribes of California, Oregon, and Washington, and one publication on this subject was nearly completed. ‘Dr. Gordon R. Willey devoted a large part of the year to editorial work on the Handbook of South American Indians. He also studied and com- pleted a report on several large collections of archeclogical specimens from southern Florida. The Institute of Social Anthropology, an autonomous unit of the Bureau under the directorship of Dr. Julian H. Steward, continued its program of cooperative teaching and field researches in Mexico and Pert, and an agreement was reached during the year for similar work in Brazil. Under Dr. Steward’s editorship, the Handbook of South American Indians progressed materially. Volumes 1 and 2 were in proof, volumes 3 and 4 were completed and sent to the printer, and the fifth and last volume was in the final stages of preparation. International Hachanges.—The International Exchange Service is the official agency of the United States for the exchange of govern- mental and scientific publications between this country and all other countries. The number of packages passing through the Exchange Service during the year was 386,758, with a total weight of 211,160 pounds. The franking privilege in transmitting packages through the mails was discontinued by the Post Office Department during the year, resulting in an increase in the costs and work involved in han- dling such packages. Although the war in Europe ended toward the REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 9 latter part of the year, it was not possible to resume exchange con- signments to liberated countries by the close of the year. Accumula- tions for France, Italy, and Belgium, however, were forwarded through the Office of War Information, and those for Sweden, Palestine, and Egypt through the United States Despatch Agent in New York. Regular consignments were sent during the year to all countries in the Western Hemisphere, and in the Eastern Hemisphere to Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Republic of Ireland, Portugal, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Africa, India, Australia, and New Zealand. Ship- ments to other countries will be resumed as soon as conditions permit. National Zoological Park.—The exhibition collection of animals has been maintained in good condition during the year, but to accom- plish this with the serious shortage of personnel that prevailed, some phases of the care of the Park had to be neglected, and no improve- ments could be made. Increased personnel is the most urgent need of the Park. Visitors to the Zoo numbered 2,355,514 for the year, a con- siderable increase over last year. Among the interesting specimens presented to the Park were a pair of Solomon Islands cockatoos, a red-sided lory, three wallabies, a pigmy galago and two green fruit pigeons from the Gold Coast of Africa, a collection of brilliant cage birds from Costa Rica, and a pair of the rare antelope, Oryx beatria, from Saudi Arabia. eeees See sae 3 Anseranus semipalmata__--------- Australian pied goose_----------- 2 Bronte canadensis=._ = —weawe. Canada goose. _- 2s Ss sne eeee 35 Branta canadensis hutchinsit__--_--- Hutchin’sigooses-2 4254-2 4 Branta canadensis minima. ------- Cackling:geose=: ss2)228 Seabee 8 Branta canadensis occidentalis - - - - - White-cheeked goose_------------ 27 Branta canadensis X Chen caeru- LESCENS eae te ce) UNE Hybrid Canada goose X blue goose. 2 Cairina moschata_...------------ Muscovy: duckise2 ssi 2 ees uee 13 Casarca variegata.__-..---------- Paradise duckwi= 22525222 sees 1 Cereopsis novaehollandiae_-------- Cape Barren goose_-__------------ 1 Ghenvatlanticwe so: Vee Fee ok Sniow- f00ses_ 220 ease Aare eee 2 @henieaemulescenso. 22.4522 oee Blue‘eo0ses 22 222 eee eee 2 Chenopis atrata___._....---------+ Black swan--------------------- 4 Chloephaga leucoptera_.----------- Magellan goose!==- 52" 222 esse 2 Cygnopsis cygnoides__------------ Domestic.woose2 24032. s ea 2 Cygnus columbianus_------------- Whistline-swans==252 2s s ae 2 Cygnus melancoriphus-_----------- Black-necked swan__------------ 1 Cugustolonse2se5. eae eee oe Muteiswaneso ae sae a eee 5 Da pic, Guta siee ee ON esos oe Pirate leases gio eo aa Pet A 8 Wafila spinicauda-s 25-2 22 os Chileancpingailic aes (OSS ee ee 1 Dendrocygna arborea_------------ Black-billed tree duck__---------- 3 Dendrocygna autumnalis_-_-------- Black-bellied tree duck__-_------- 2 Dendrocygna viduata_-.---------- White-faced tree duck__----------- 4 82 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1945 Anatidae—Continued. Dendronessa galericulata_—-------- Mandarin duck seissu5 aauapee Mareca americana_.------------- Baldpate 2225 cc5- 20 ae aan Marila,afinis. 3 eee Lesser. scauplai caves eulieaige | Manila; collariss 25 3228s ae Ring-necked duckwuie. sxiieaigey Nettion carolinense__---------=---- Green-winged teal______.________ Nettion formosumo_2_— as Say Baikal.teal.. nemrwaxen seaeWe ING ROCOIBD se cep ea Hybrid ducki5:.__ =s.5h te es Nyroce valisineria_— = | ieee Canvasback duck=2 "2. (pa aeeee Philacte canagica. > > 2) seas eee Hmperor goose... 5). 2 eee Querquedula discors.-.----------- Blue-winged teal___-._-.------++ FALCONIFORMES Cathartidae: Cathartesiauna 2 Gs Sas oe ie yaa Durkey.. wallunessses aaa eiaa ae ConA Gy DSOLOLUS ae ea epee a Black wultures) 3.0 ue eee Gymncgyps californianus___--.---- California condor. 248 Vulturigryphus. 2 sec ee ee Andean condor_.____-------.--=-- Accipitridae: ButeorVonealiss aay se eee Red-tailed hawk___....._.--_-_-- Buteo lineatus elegans______----_-- Southern red-shouldered hawk_- _- Buteo lineatus lineatus_____---__-- Red-shouldered hawk____.-__-___ iButeounelancleucus. eS South American buzzard eagle____ | Buteo-platypteruses ., eos Oe Broad-winged hawk____._____---- Buteo poecilochrous.2 521 220. 2522 Red-backed buzzard_________-_-- Gypohierax angolensis___..----_-- Fish-eating vulture_________---_- Gypsueppellt 2 ae Disa Ruppell’s vulture______._____---- Haliaeetus leucocephalus___..----- Baldi eagle. 0.5. RS Re BS Haliastirtndusos ory Bean Brahminyskite 2... sean as agen Gra NADY aae sta Sele Harpy.eagles ita ais ania ses eae! Hypomorphnus urubitinga.._._...-. Brazilian eagle._____2.----2-2=-- Malvago- chimango. 2) SEO Re eae Chimango..2__. 2a a Milvus migrans parasitus__.___--- African yellow-bilied kite_____---- Pandion haliaetus carolinensis__ _-- Osprey. orfish*hawki. 5.4 ee Parabuteo wnicinciis= 22 ea One-banded hawk_____..__---_-- NOR OS GRA ADO Bi ees African eared vulture_.___.__-_-- Falconidae: Cenchers sparventis esa ee Sparrow hawk 22.2 205) 2 eee Daptrius amertcanuse = 22222252 = Red-throated caracara_______-_-- Falco peregrinus anatum____-__--- Duck hawke 202 2 20s. Uae ee eae oly bors lancus ete aan yee South American caracara_______-- GALLIFORMES Cracidae: Craxifascvolatges eo eek ae Crested curassow__-.-=_..-_---- GCrasinaibrae is il Saja acip pal os Spiel ane Panama, curassow... 2-8 32 eee Grawisclatengicn Nuts Nee gy i lel apa Sclater’s curassow. 2. 238) 0 nam COW RH OH eee mee DOO SH OD Ht HY ON OR eH OD fet ped et ket me iI CO On ee ae as REPORT OF THE. SECRETARY Phasianidae: Argusianus argus__.-2--2-----25- Argus pheasant. .._..niere. Sane Callipepla squamata_..----------- Scale decree ny see hy pag oe ake Catreus wallichit__......--------- Cheer pheasant__....____._____- Chrysolophus amherstiae_--------- Lady Ambherst’s pheasant_________ Chrysolophus pictus. ------------- Golden’ pheasantsjo222 22e8tebse~ Colinustcristatusss=25 42 4es5 esse @restedvquiailtes Face mathe sages Colinus ridgwayi_-..-----------=- Mraskeditqueil es ta Nie ak Colinus virgintanus_.------------ Rolo wilted A. Uae esha ME 5 Se ae Crossoptilon auritum.--.--------- Blue-eared pheasant_.-____-_.__- Gallusigalluse: ate 8 2 eee S25 Red jungle fowl__.._..._._____-- Gollus galluseeooes «es Soe ee Hybrid red jungle fowl X bantam fowlss as yh ee SURO are Gollusvlafayettt (23222 eS Ceylonese jungle fowl____________ Gallusispen ue ee te Bantamvehicken yu envi rs Goilusisps Se WU Wess ote a eles Hichtinesiowlese = =a eee Gallus’ sp 2 8S edapetaees bee lis” Long-tailed fowl_..........-____- Gennaeus albocristatus....-------- White-crested kaleege___________- Gennaeus nycthemerus------------ Silverpheasantis! 222405 ooo Hierophasis swinhoti.------------ Swinhoe’s pheasant______-_-_---- Lophophorus impeyanus-_-~-------- Himalayan impeyan pheasant_-_--- Lophortyzx californica vallicola_-_.- -- Valley. quail U2 22s ovens eee Lophortyz gambellt. - is. s2-5.---=- Gambel’s quaili. .ssstaaa- ace a Povoleristatus 2 oie lates es Peafowle woo 50k 2 Meee eae 3 Ring-necked pheasant___--------- PUES B IEE EE AS SEI ce ring-necked pheasant- - - - _- Phasianus versicolor...----------- Green Japanese pheasant_____-_-- Polyplectron napoleonis__.-------- Palawan peacock pheasant_-___-_-- SURMalcus recvest.._- _saaeus Poke Reeve’s pheasant_......--------- Numididae: Acryllium vulturinum._----------- Vulturine guinea fowl__---------- Numida-sp20T0D_ 228 %O_ panda Guinea fowl. _...___------------ GRUIFORMES Rhinochetidae: Rhinochetos jubatus_-.-.----------- Kagel tare) a5 a a Se ce Gruidae: Anthropoides paradisea_.--------- Stanley or paradise crane--------- Anthropoidesivirgo---=—=---252222° Démioiselle\crane=3=-=---+--2—-=—= BGlearica NAVOMINGS=s=-2-22s222-— West African crowned crane----_-- Balearica regulorum gibbericeps---. Hast African crowned crane ----- Grus leucauchen._.--.----------- White-naped crane. 22 325_8222242 Grus leucogeranus__..------------ Siberian crane__-_ Sess _eaeseee Rallidae: Amaurornis phoenicurus---------- Wihite-breasted raile22 See ee PN UCONOIMET ICON = a oa ee = ATIEMORM, GOOWS saosesesesoeeSes= Gallinula chloropus cachinnans_---- Moridarcallinuleses 22 see Gallinula chloropus orientalis - --_--- Sumatran gallinuless-2222 222227. Limnocorax flavirostra_----------- Africamblack rail =eeeeeee ea Porphyrio poliocephalus_-_--------- Gray-headed porphyrio_-__-------- 84 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1945 Cariamidae: Cariama, cristata. soo 22 2S 2 Cariama or seriama______________ CHARADRIIFORMES Haematopodidae: Haematopus ostralegus__---------- European oyster catcher_________- Charadriidae: Belanopterus chilensis_.---------- Chilean lapwings) =o ees see ’ Laridae: Lonus angentatus.— 2 ee oe hs Herring iowlle ps6 02 ee eee Larus delawarensis__.------------- Ring-billed gull________________- Larus dominicanus2 223 = 2 2 eas Keipeull oo ee Larus glaucescens-- #825) ses es Glaucous-winged gull____________ Larus novaehollandiae._---------- Silver gull 2 hie oC) ee ee Glariolidae: Glareola-pratincola. os 322 aes Collared pratincole-_-_._-______- COLUMBIFORMES Columbidae: Golumba* guinea 22 2SGt SE rere rs Triangular spotted pigeon______-__ Columba livig=s 2522 == = See? Sou Domestic pigeon______-________- Columba maculosa__------------- Spot-winged pigeon______________ Duculaaenea == 2a eee Green imperial pigeon____________ Gallicolumba luzonica_.._-_------- Bleeding-heart dove_____________ Gourarcristatal ee aa are Sclater’s crowned pigeon__________ Gouna victorig= 2! Shas eee Victoria crowned pigeon__________ Leptotila-cassint es Raia et SE Eae. Cassin’s.dove2 22950 Saas: Leptotila rufanillas tee soy a rae Scaled pigeon. ..... .2iskat Basa Muscadivores paulina_....-_-.--_-- Celebian imperial pigeon________-_ Streptopelia chinensis____--------- Asiatic collared dove__.....--_--- Streptopelia chinensis ceylonensis__. Lace-necked or ash dove_- _--___-_ Streptopelia tranquebarica_____---_ Blue-headed ring dove.__________ DU RGRO es: (Lele AO eS West African fruit pigeon___._____ DERE POSOPBUISS Se BES Ring-necked dove_.-___-_______- ZLenavda OUnculata sos kak ipa South American mourning dove_-_-_ Zenaidura macroura.-- 22 Mourning dove_________________- PSITTACIFORMES Psittacidae: Agapornis pullarian22> Basie tk eek Red-faced love bird_.____.__.____ Amazona aestiva_-- 222 $2222 2 28h le Blue-fronted parrot________.___-- Amazona albifrons:.) Salas eitean White-fronted parrot____________- Amazona auropalliata._.......---- Yellow-naped parrot____________- Amazona ochrocephala___.-_._-_=- Yellow-headed parrot__...______- Ag ZONONOT GEG soni tk eae es Double yellow-headed parrot______ Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus_.-_-_-- Hyacinthine macaw____.__..--_-- AY CHOATE GUNG 2 meats ye ue Yellow and blue macaw_________- ATO MOCAOL Mirtle ie oS Aa Red, blue, and yellow macaw--_-___ Ara anilatorig sees aie ogee ley Mexican green macaw___-____--__ SACOG UNO OS = oy SS OS Ds Cuban comure way. ee eae Calyptorhynchus magnificus___..... Banksian cockatoo___-.-____-_---- COrTacOpsysin1g7 Gee ale ane Lesser vasa parrot._.--___--) = .- Ore NH i NM Or DN} DN Fe rt oe a — meet eet oe oo 0 et REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 85 Psittacidae—Continued. Cyanopsitiacus spixi_.__..-------- Spins macawe 2 fo. Al Seated. 1 Ducorpsis sanguineus_.._.--------- Bare-eyed cockatoo,____._______- 1 Eiclectus pectorahis.5 5.6 225s 2 5 < Helectus parrot. Sosewee ye aet Le iL Eolophus roseicapillus_--_---.--.- Roseate cockatoo_______________- 3 Kakatoe Glb@iee. 28 ee ey White cockatoostui sss 6 tap de eee 2 Kakatoeaucrops. 2 os eek Solomon Islands cockatoo________ 2 Wakatoe galenias os 28.0 020 sea eo Large sulphur-crested cockatoo___. 2 Kakatoe leadbeatert__.._---------- Leadbeater’s cockatoo____________ 1 Kakatoe moluccensis_.__.._._.------- Great red-crested cockatoo_______ 1 Kakatoe sulphurea_-_--------.---- Lesser sulphur-crested cockatoo___ 2 Lorius domicella__......--------- Rajah Torys oe fo es i aay hte 2 Bortus' Garrulusse sas Ns is ik Bh RReGEL Or ype op ae ad acca al bn Seen ] Lorius roratus____..------------- Red-sidedslonya 222 22 ans 1s Sees I Melopsitiacus undulatus___.-.--.-- Grass paraqguet!.2-ykhsy eae ttes 5 Myopsitta monachus._------------ Quaker paroquet_______________-_ I Nandayus nanday. 2222201 to 5% Nanday paroquet___...____._____ } Weston notabilis. Saka beta Bie Freer ierts ii 2 e a RO Thai aia 1 Pioniies canthomera___.-.-------- Amazonian caique_______________ 2 Psitacula CUPOTId. = jos Gees Red-shouldered paroquet____.____ 3 IPSHLGCULG KTO MET. —— aeris a Kramer’s paroquet.-.--.--.- 2-2 2 Psitiacula longicauda._2-2-=-2224 2 Long-tailed paroquet___.________-- 2 Tanygnathus muellert_._.___-------- Mueller/s parrots 22 setae eee 1 CUCULIFORMES Cuculidae: Eudynamis scolopaceus----------- Toele aire ee an sek eRe. NI I Musophagidae: Turacus livingstont_.....--------- Livingston’s turacou_________-_-- 1 STRIGIFORMES Tytonidae: Tyto alba pratincola__------------ Barn owls oo ae eee ss ated aes 7 Strigidae: Bubo virginianus__--------------- Great horned owl___------------- 16 Ketupa-ketupul uel Sorcery eee Malay, fish:owl+<- 8 oN Soe ee 1 INGICICR MUCLEG ee kee es kU MG WAY TOW Ss ace Lune 1 Otusjasio» == 222222422222 ee Screech owl]: 222 2222222) ot 2 SiMe UaniG VOTiG..4. 02.2 222 Barred) owl 4 i¢ la ea a ae 6 COLIIFORMES Coliidae: Calis striatus 2 ee Streaked mouse bird or coly_--~--- 1 CORACIIFORMES Alcedinidae: CeO. G1gGs8 PONTE AEN Kookaburra 22 ava ae eae 2 EIGIEUOTL SUNCLUSH oso ee tee aes Sacred kingfisher- ~~ -_ == gs 1 Momotidae: Momeotus lessoni___.-..---------- INT G1 Ge ie Te 1 86. ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1945 PICIFORMES Ramphastidae: Aulacorhynchus sulcatus sulcatus... Groove-billed toucanet_-____----_- Pteroglossus aracari-------------- Black-necked aracari_________-___ Pteroglossus torquatus_------------ Aracari toucan®) SoC Sean! Dees Ramphastos carinatus__----------- Sulphur-breasted toucan__________ Ramphastos piscivorus_..---------- Toco. toucan-.-=-~ 2 oy DOE Capitonidae: Semnornis rhamphastinus --------- Toucan-billed barbet____-_.______ PASSERIFORMES Cotingidae: Rupicola peruviana sanguinolenta_. Scarlet cock of the rock__..-_____ Corvidae: Callocitiaxformosa 23 2 ee Mexican jay. 2022.90) Soo see Cissa chinensis: 2.22232 ees Chinese -cissas 22220200. DIMES Cissilopha yucatanica_..---------- Yucatan bluejay__.-..--.______- Corvus -alous2o 223322 2ee22 2 ee ees White-brested crow____---_______ Corvus brachyrhynchus___--------- American. crow = 2 S3TO 2S SROs Corvus corax principalis____.------ Northern- raven = 22222482 See Corvus cornit= == ss su ea PRES Hooded :crow.2 222252822) SNe Corvus cryptoleucus_...----------- White-necked raven____________- Corvus insolens=2-- 10220 6 Indian crow 2252/2 Ut OUR Cyanocittaicrstatas2 == ean ee Be] eyed ta kale da Sn Cyanocorax chrysops_.------------ Wirracayy aya wes a2 1. Oe Cyanocorax mystacalis_.....------ Mioustachedijay= 942352". 2) See CYONODICORCY GN eae eee Azure-winged pie__---_--.--_____ Gymnorhina hypoleuca__-_-------- White-backed piping crow________ TVCOMDUCOMLUGSONUCO MN: Sea a nes American mappies ys 25 fui Wrocissuscacnuleaneen ee Formosan red-billed pie_..._.___- Wrocissasocctpitalistaes 2 see eee Red-billed blue magpie___-_______ Paradiseidae: Ailuroedus crassirostris__..------- Australian, catbird= £_ = 232s Epimachus fastuosus_-.---------- Sickle-billed bird of paradise__-____ Ptilonorhynchus violaceus_-------- Satin bowerbird=._.- 2 32222 ae Pyecnonotidae: Pycnonolus analis-. "eee See Yellow-vented bulbul__-.--.--__- Timaliidae: Bevothnwalitews 2 veya ees ae Pekin robin... 2. 22)... Sa eae Mimidae: Melanotis caerulescens.__.__-..----- Biueyeatbird 36.03 0.405 0 ee Mimus polyglottus leucopterus__-_-- Mexican, mocking bird \2 4. asain LROZOSLOM CMU eee een ne ata Brownethrasher= 5232252 ieee Turdidae: Garrular pectoralis picticollis_--_-_- Chinese collared laughing thrush_-_ Elalocichlanasicl 71a = esas \NVOLOXS| Hobe Merula migratorius_ 222-2. Ses MAaSternmico ohms js 20) cee eee LIVI RISO OPORTO oe Sg a Bonaparteis thrush_--- = -- = 2eeau8 Tupdus rufiwventras-- | ease heey Argentine robin. =... 3090) ghee Sturnidae: Creatophora cinerea_.._.-___--_-- Wattledistarling=_2 202 0: ose Galeopsar salvadertt._...._____-_= Crested: starling— =". 0 =e Dee Graculipica melanoptera_._.------- Winuite: starlimo 500 Wis cages (SHIRES. Donk Gare Se ge Starling. oso 0s2 i Coa a aye eS eb COD RH BH we RSH md ode bo et REPORT OF THE SECRETARY ee) a] Ploceidae: ; Diatropura. procnes 22 sess eek TL Giant.whydah wae oie 4 Lonchura leucogastroides____._____ Benigaleee sins pelnwieusngup duce 2 VU AONGG = 2 eA yaays ore White-headed munia_____________ 2 Miunie, malaccom ia J yattil venlie Y Black-throated munia____________ 1 Munia oryzivora___---.-_-____-_- Jayarsparrong <2 isu easly pant 5 Munia punctulatus__--_-___---_-_ Rice bird or nutmeg finch________ 1 Pieces, bayes #2). 2 nlp) Baya weamer <2.) yarn neds esx 8 3 Wlocews) wmienmedius.— = 22 Black-cheeked weaver____________ 5 Ploceus rubiginosus__---------___- Chestnut-breasted weaver________ 1 oepialasacuticaudas g0 5 Long-tailed) finche 2 023) 32 aa 1 Quelea sanginirostris intermedia__._ Southern masked weaver finch____ 2 Steganura paradisea____---______- Paradisemwhydah= 2.150: eee 4 Taeniopygia castanotis_=.---_-__-- Zebrasinehe su ae Saal SOND: 6 Coerebidae: Cyanenpes: cyanea) O80 Ve 2B Blue honey creeper_--_---__-___- 1 AIcteridae: Agelanis-assimilist ss fo [SOM m Cuban red-winged blackbird______ 2, Cassiculus melanicterus____-_.___- Mexican -cacique__-_-___._______ 1 Gymnomystax mexicanus_-___-_-___ Giant orioles=L+S Mais Bel ROO 1 Icterus bullocki: ==... 2-1-2 --_- Bullock{s:troupials 20 so ee 2 Keterus ccteruss2 2.222) Sse DProupialee = a2 aE awe Cy ae 1 Molothrus bonariensis______.____- Shiny: cowbird= SL 9001 Biienokens 1 Notiopsar curaesus) 20 0222 2203 Chilean: blackbirdS2 142282 es 2 IE DCOLISROCTILID Dee ee Military, starling22 4 2) See 4 ‘Thraupidae: Chlorophonia occipitalis callophrys._ Central American chlorophonia.__. 2 Piranga bidentata__-_-----_-_---- Orancertawacer=sme naa eee eee 1 Ramphocelus dimidiatus___.-___-- Crimson! tanagen.). 920 -)05 eee 1 Ramphocelus flammigerus_—--_---- Wellowatanacer== swe ae 4 Ramphocelus icteronotus____-----_- Yellow-rumped tanager___-______ 2 Tanagra musica elegantissima______ Blue-hooded euphonia____-______- 2 hPa pis COnas= =~ 2S sts s) Bluestanagers ae eo Mo As Mens 2 Fringillidae: Amandava amandava___---------- Strawberry, fmehs 222 2 aie 11 Carpodacus mexicanus____-_------ Mexican house finch____-_____---- 4 Coryphospingus cucullatus_____-__- Red-erested finch____________-_-- 2 Cyanocompsa argentina___-------- Argentine blue grosbeak____-_---- 2 DU COMI UC Ottis BPE SB 0 ptt Di caytinic ayia: es See ee es 1 ETSGUOTALT OM STULACEG. = ey Lo a New Caledonian parrot finch__-_-- 1 Lophospingus pusilius.___.__.-_--- Black-ecrested finch_~-_-_.------- 3 GOD HOG CRUG AS ee ee eee Cuban) bulliinch see ae 1 HO TROUTUCRCWUCULL CEO sa een ny ge Braziliangcardinalle sas ses i aes 2 Paroaria gularis nigro-genis_-_----- Black-eared cardinal____._---_--- 3 WZOSSERUNG) QINOENGs. ae Se IbeyALIN lounomiave oO a ee 4. IZUSSCHING CYOMCO 2 an See a Ingigououn tia es = See ae nen 2 Passerina leclancherit__-_--------- Leclancher’s bunting _~2=2"2—-2 225 6 PAOSSCTANONVERSTCOLOT © 5 ey IBY wis lowbayiMoyR ss oe ee Se 2 WATT UO MUUS HI TULUCE UUs a a a Mourminic inch 2a eae 2 Phrygilus qayienss 22 02a Se Gay’s gray-headed finch_____-_---_- 2 EniNUS CONGTTUS=» = = VERON) MAUS Canary=22 2225252 TOM ee ese 4 Srealisiflaveola seas MeO OA Mysto finch. eee Orn Neyo J wicalis\luteola2 2 MOR IME BIS Be Saffron -finch=4++5=.wae eee * 2 670174—45——_7 88 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1945 Fringillidae—Continued, SC CCLUSSIUATLO Ty nn ye Lesser yellow finch._____________ Spinus uropygialis.__.------------ Chilean. siskin 233a05 530 pena’ Sporophila aurianue Ss sseneeea se Hick’s. seed-eater_—...2.2-.-.---- Sporophila gutturalis_...--------- Yellow-billed seed-eater_-_______- Tiaris olwvaced.2 == eee eR asf Mexican grassquit__ 2222220 324522 Volatinia, jacarinis: =i So eee eee Blue-black grassquit--...__.-__-- Zonotrichia capensis__.__--------- Chingolo_._..-. =.=, S48 ees REPTILES LORICATA Crocodylidae: Alligator mississipiensis..--------- Alligator => S22 28 | ea ae PAUL G OLOTASTNENSUS © a oe ese eee Chinese alligators== 2-22) Caiman latirosinis2s 325. 2 ee ae Broad-snouted caiman. _____----- Carman scleropse ni amare e Spectacled caiman_____-_____-___ Crocodifusracuis eas soo e ee ees American crocodile. ....-___---__ Crocodylus cataphractus_---------- Narrow-nosed crocodile___.___-__ Crocodylus niloticus.) aS ae African crocodile. 222 =512) 255553 Crocodylus palustris.___.--------- ‘=__-- - 2055553 GUANO VG WOT Oe ee eee Common iguana______.___--..=-- Phrynosoma cornutum__---------- Horned lizard. _-_-_. - eee ISCCLOPOTUS UNA UIALUS = 92 Aue wan Pine or fence lizard_____.___-_-_- Anguidae: Ophisaurus ventralis: a225 5 2 ests Glass snake or legless lizard_____-_ Uromastiz acanthinurus__-_------- North African spiny-tailed lizard __ Helodermatidae: Heloderma horridum_____----.---- Mexican beaded lizard. __________ Heloderma suspectum_.----------- Gila, monster: /2-22 5) ea Teiidae: Cnemidophorus serlineatus___..---- Six-lined race runner_____-.__-__- Tupinambis nigropunctatus_------- Blackitesusine (a0 2 ae See Scincidae: Egernia cunninghami___---.------ Cunningham’s skink____________- TUNE CES) FOGSCUOE USE ee ase ae Blue-tailed skink__________--__-- Miliquarscincovdeswaas “ie apes appa Blue-tongued lizard__.__-__.-__-- Varanidae: Varanus komodoensis_..-.-..------ Komodo draconea 2s aes Varanwsnron ites ae cee er Indian monitors.-2-2 4. Varanusrmilotveus =) ees aus Nile monitor ei 22 222 ie eee NrFRrPNNE PWR & PS NrFRrPNNWE Own Wo PND Fe REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 89 SERPENTES Boidae; Constrictor constrictor-...--------- Bos constrichortewts: ae OD Constrictor imperator...---------- Central American boa____._______ 8 EU UCHOLESYGEILCHTEtS ar tent SOMES EE epee Raimbowsboa 5 Saas aeee = ete 6 EV BUCTOLES .ChESSUS SB pe ee fos ee ED palaman tale ween gle tones EE. 1 PU VCTOLESUSERCAUUS =. sae Haitian boas--2) 22-52 sees 1 Python: MOlUurUs es. te Ee Incianireck pychonssss sae 6 P2UEOT REGUS. 3 Pe a ay Ballipy thones22 hss eee ete 1 Pho TeiCUulatus rs. Ts Ieee Recalépythonl sa sas eee 1 Tropidophis melanurus...-------- Cuban‘ boat: «2 aaeweears. sueere ae 1 Colubridae: Coluber constrictor......---------- Black’snake: 20 Sings win id aero 4. Coluber flagellum_---------------- Coachwhip. -_ niersreis sapeeryienty > Cyclagras. gigastaetes 28S) AIe8) Cobra de Paraguayassa: aneons 1 Diadophis punctatus_-.----------- Ring-necked snake______.________ I Drymarchon corats couperi_------- Indigorsnakes saa es sana 3 Pa CAG RULLGL GS serene NG). Corn snake.s- sees eoneealsjeneirs. 5 Plaphe-obsaletaii stl 2 saves oe Pilot) snakes 2 >= {ke wanis sec semhyotaes. 4 Elaphe quadrivittata__-.---------- Yellow chicken snake____________ 4 UNatits DtScatons £2 ee) eee Waterisnake: + signee specs ee. 1 Wats sepremvitiata 8 ee ens ee) Queen or moon snake____________ 3 INIGHp AER (3) oe RRR eRe AS) aes Lak Water snake®{ 225 2@ie me soup iiel 15 Opheodrys vernalis__------------- Smooth-sealed green snake________ 30 Pituophis catenifer__.------------- Western bull snake______________ 1 Pituophis catenifer annectans_ ----- San Diego gopher snake__________ Pituophis melanoleucus_-.-------- Bullisnake sic siete edene ah ieieg th 1 TALUS IUILCOS US ee enn = eee eM. Ratismakel 2 += = pha shpae lh alekage 1 MSLORCIL LEW Ye Nie CN Nes 5 sii Peele Seas DeKay’s'snakey = sapiens aba Seqte 1 Thamnophis ordinoides__--------- Western garter snake_____--____-_ 6 IN OCR A DOES SORES Eee ees Garter snakes.o2 jess. Saaa ie ee 10 Elapidae: Naja melanoleuca: -o- o8s02- 2e2 So Wiest African cobrase=es==- ser 1 IIN(GEYGS PRION) Ten al a ell eae ge eile ae iifdian’ cobras i) ae eee eee 1 Oxyoclwslgvduseas= = see ee ee Green tree'snakes=22222.. - ae ase Hood Island tortoise______..-__-- Restudo Lonnients. nes Bee oy Soft-shelled land tortoise________- Testudo vicinaws es Gs tee Boia Albemarle Island tortoise________- Trionychidae: AY LO En Ox Se Cai MCAT ae sasag aie Soft-shelled turtle: -) 22-2 Seeeees Amydaitrtunguisstie Sear ea, West African soft-shelled turtle___ AMPHIBIA CAUDATA Salamandridae: : Praturus pyrnhogaster. 22-2 Red salamander=2 22) eae ae Par tt urs COTOSUS He ine a erga Giant newb. 2 2.5 2 es eee INK POIS DOUG POS LEE Le SAE See Common salamander_-___._______- Amphiumidae: Amphiima means: owe ae Blind eel or congo snake__-___-___- Ambystomidae: Ambystoma maculatum-------=--- Spotted salamander__-___________- Ambystoma tigrinum_.----------- Axolotl2 Joe c5 252 wo ae SALIENTIA Dendrobatidae: Dendrobates-auratus2 2. 2s eens Arrow-poison frog.--.__-_------- Bufonidae: Buforamentcanys2 22 262s 2a ee irun Common'-toad) 2 Se LESURIO) GU OULSORS side, SL Sn Sapo de /concha= 2-22. 0).5e eas BuUpOrMan use tees Ae aeRpe Biauk Marine*foad 3Go20 Wik: Cena ‘Bufo peltocephanuse 26 2 Awe Cuban ‘giant toad=_-- 2 5 oaneeias Ceratophrydae: Ceratophrys ornata. 202225. Ie Horned frogs = -222202) Supa aeons WOR WE NNN P OK KEN WHRTWRK REP Wnt awn r= 00 me oD bo G2 0 SO CO bo (Je) REPORT OF THE SECRETARY O1 Hylidae: VAICRUSHOT ULL US 2 =e AN Cricket frogs saan ogee es 5 aslaveraucifer 2m, ton aes Sais Ms iy EROS FEO GH ale het ay MY ine a aN 7 Pipidae: EO MC MeTICOMGs = 2. ah ae SQUAD OLN eT hut (021 6 eM ENS RR ne agi T es Nil 2 Ranidae: kang catesberana222- 222. SIS2 LLL Bullfropz. 2 vees tole gO fie 2 es a Wr 4 Rana clamitans.. 2-2 ee Greeny fro we eRe he Ma sa eh 3 henajoccipitalis: oe a raai lol. ol: West African bullfrog____________ 1 THEN OmNUNICNS 42. bt is a Bs a a Iheopardifro ge cn ya ee sk 15 PALES DOLUCO ss ease Sree i Woodtirog ss 280 u 2c eee eta naaeea 3 PC TO PINS LACES. Wen ke MUN) he nS African clawed frog___=.._______- 5 FISHES Aequidens portalegrensis_.---._------- Bluéacara st 2.809 oy ao ee I Aphysemton australe..._-._-...-.._-- Iuyre-tailed fish_.2.04 0) 7 he. 1 PS PRUUSICUCRELM I see es ic ae Ne Clown: barney sso aye ae aoe eeapiuee 8 SOT OUSNOLUGOLE DUS oecinse | metre) Nt Dever eis (ates Yue, vee ue oe 3 BES CL TAL QUSHS UL TICCLE TCU TU ALS fey sc te ie NPI NET ek Te NO me 2 BCE OSE RE EE iTS REMIND FE 00S Ke Wa Ce hy pe Highting fishes. seep ue ereis ans 19 Crrossmisrauratus i. olla Eh ben ets Goldfish...) 25 ha a ee ae 120 Cichlasoma,festivum. 22 = 22 4s see Banded acara. 9 es ee 1 Conidorasiwmelanisivus. 2 = Lt ATIMTOTE Gy Ca Gli ee ee eee eae ee 1 GIP TEAD AIS ETO et as ee Cathie tree Ween. eee ste none 2 WDarvormnalabaricus st) Ae Pe ef Bluedanio. f032 Set Ree ae 7 Panvoisenio- =). Hite eanijla oes) en pices Zebrafish. 4: bsepees oye eer eben 10 Gymnocorymbus ternetzi_..._..__-------- Blacketetnas. 62ers ee le 4 Hemigrammus Sp 2 Tetra Buenos Aires-___.___-___-- 2 Hiuphessororycon ines. 222222 2S Neon tetra fishes. a. mee sey 3 Kryptopterus bicirrhis..-.---.-------- Glasscatfishesi es ot pee saa ean 3 Lebistes reticulatus_....-------------- Guppy Deseo AtGes WAN ee 100: Lepidosiren paradova.__-.------------- South American lungfish----_--__-_- 2 WVED ERO DOW US SP tet 2k oe ok ie aE a he Raradise ishiee Um lees oe 20 Mollienisia sphenops sp_-------------- WiC EOmy Ol yA ees ty le 8 PIG MOCCHUSE eso a OL ee ea MOON hs ae he ee ee 20 Platypoecilus maculatus _...---------- Black wag-tail moon____---_----- 8 Platypoecilus maculatus_._.----------- Goldplatiess24222 9.26 s_. 2 SPEER 12 Fierostomus spse. boss oso8% of) eae oy Armored :.caitfishy bo) .5 $42.42 Jeesal I Proptopterus annectens_-_.-------==---- African lungfish__--_------------ 2 HerOpRUllmM SCAIOTe 2 = 2 ne ee FA OE AUS Tie oe ae 1 serrasaimus ternetz, 0222 a Piranha or cannibal fish_____----- is MTCHOGUSLET LECT? at CAS wR MATS gtk Blue?gouramist 2G2 04 el Bae t 8 Ih igen ayo elate Xiphophorus helleri_.-.-------------- eee ie ARACHNIDS Bumjpetma Spel.) Fite eet Tarantula. s222 2 Us estY ARO © 2 INSECTS PETIT D ECAC (SAE AEH 8 PE a he Giant cochrosclhzces wee aes 100 Respectfully submitted. W. M. Mann, Director. Dr. A. Wrermore, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. APPENDIX 8 REPORT ON THE ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the op- erations of the Astrophysical Observatory for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1945: The work of the Astrophysical Observatory is conducted on funds received largely from appropriation by Congress, amounting for the fiscal year 1945 to $44,140, and in part from private sources. There are two divisions: (1) DIVISION OF ASTROPHYSICAL RESEARCH This division has its headquarters in Washington, and maintains three field stations for solar observations, at Table Mountain, Calif., Tyrone, N. Mex., and Montezuma, Chile. In Washington the di- vision occupies frame buildings in an enclosure about 15,000 square feet in area just south of the Smithsonian Building. The frame structures have served for many years as the offices and laboratories of the division. During the fiscal year 1945 extensive alterations and repairs were made which provide greatly improved facilities for the work of the division. Work at Washington.—In the first half of the fiscal year a large part of the time of Mrs. Bond, Mr. Hoover, and the Director was given to a compilation of all solar-constant values for the period October 1939 to January 1945. This compilation is an extension of the great table (table 24) of volume 6 of the Annals of the Astrophysical Ob- servatory. The extended table summarizes the important factors employed in the reductions and also gives the preferred solar constant for each day of observation in the 2114-year period July 1923 to January 1945. Inasmuch as this period includes three sunspot minima (July 1923, September 1933, May 1944), and thus covers a complete double sunspot period, it became of interest to study all these results to determine what relationship exists between solar constants and sunspot numbers. A paper summarizing this study (Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol. 104, No. 12) shows a diametrically opposite relation- ship between solar-constant values and sunspot numbers in the two halves of the double sunspot period. It is important to discover in the succeeding cycle of sunspots whether this complex relationship will repeat itself. If so, the prediction of solar variation as given in volume 6 of the Annals (fig. 14) and referred to in the 1944 report will 92 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 93 require some modification, since that curve did not include considera- tion of sunspot effects. Dr. Abbot and Mr. Hoover constructed and tested a new sensitive radiometer which Dr. Abbot plans to use with the aid of the Mount Wilson 100-inch telescope to study the distribution of energy in the spectra of stars of various types. Definite progress was made in the design of the instrument, and in the control of static charges, which in the past have been most troublesome. At the request of the United States Weather Bureau, two pyr- heliometers belonging to the Bureau were repaired and recalibrated. Also a silver-disk pyrheliometer was built, calibrated, and sold at cost to the Bureau. Dr. H. Arctowski has continued his studies of the effects of solar- radiation changes upon atmospheric circulation and related atmos- pheric problems. A paper summarizing this work is in preparation. Work in the field—Observations at the three field stations were maintained in spite of the continued manpower shortage. Great eredit is due the directors of the stations for carrying the heavy ob- serving load under difficulties. Owing to the serious illness of Mr. Moore, director of the Tyrone station, that station was closed for 8 weeks in the spring of 1945. War work.—Two sets of experiments were carried out at the request of the Military Planning Division, Office of the Quartermaster Gen- eral, to determine the surface temperatures attained by various sam- ples of military clothing under conditions similar to those of actual use in the field. For this purpose we employed a special thermo- electric device developed some years ago at the Observatory for the measurement of skin temperatures. In June 1945 a contract was signed with the Office of the Quarter- master General, under the terms of which the Observatory is to make a detailed study of radiation received from sun and sky at Camp Lee, Va., in connection with a series of tests being made at Camp Lee. The preparation of instruments for this study was in progress at the close of the fiscal year. (2) DIVISION OF RADIATION AND ORGANISMS (Report prepared by Dr. Earl S. Johnston, Assistant Director of the Division) During the early part of the year research connected with war projects was terminated. This work dealt mainly with problems of deterioration of cloth, cardboard, and electrical wire insulation by molds and by ultraviolet light. Contact with these projects is still maintained by Dr. Johnston, who was designated liaison representa- tive of the Institution with the Tropical Deterioration Steering Com- mittee which comes under the National Defense Research Committee. 94 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1945 He also represents the Institution as a technical adviser to the Navy with reference to emergency rescue equipment, which section is now under the United States Coast Guard. The termination of this emergency work has permitted the resump- tion of the Division’s regular research program. ‘Two of our labo- ratory rooms have been equipped with apparatus and facilities for the continuation of our studies on photosynthesis and on the wave- length effects of light on growth. It has been found necessary to rebuild much of the CO, measuring apparatus and to carry out exten- sive tests before our fundamental problems could be taken up. These steps are now iy process of completion, and four preliminary experi- ments on wave-length balance and plant growth have been carried out. ‘Two other general problems have been pursued: (1) Influence of light on respiration of the grass seedling, and (2) course of devel- opment of the grass seedling as influenced by environmental factors with special attention to the role of radiant energy. It has been noted previously (Weintraub and Johnston, 1944) that brief illumination of etiolated barley seedlings resulted in a marked increase in rate of carbon dioxide evolution. In attempting to gain information on the mechanism of this effect a study has been made of the reducing sugar content of the plants as influenced by light; no significant change in sugar content was found under the experimental conditions employed. In the course of this work it became necessary to devote considerable time to a study of methods of sugar analysis as applied to plant tissues; some of the findings have been published. Experiments are now in progress on measurement of oxygen consump- tion concurrent with the carbon dioxide production. The investigation of grass seedling development has proceeded along several lines. In addition to effects of radiation itself, a study is being made of the role of some other environmental factors such as tempera- ture, nutrient supply, and aeration. Additional data have been ob- tained regarding the action spectrum of mesocotyl inhibition in oats over a wide range of light intensities; at low intensities a second maxi- mum occurs in the neighborhood of 620 mp. It is hoped that work on the isolation of the photoreceptive pigments can be resumed shortly. Comparison of the effectiveness of red and of violet light has been made for several other species representing a majority of the tribes of grasses ; the responses of all species have been found to be fairly similar to that of Avena, thus greatly extending the generality of the earlier results of Weintraub and McAlister (1942). The influence of light on elongation of the grass coleoptile also is being studied; the results to date have demonstrated a marked effect of temperature on the response of this organ to light which causes inhibition at lower tem- peratures but an apparent stimulation at higher temperatures. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 05 PERSONNEL On June 30, 1944, Dr. C. G. Abbot, for many years Director of the Astrophysical Observatory, retired from administrative work. L. B. Aldrich was appointed Acting Director, and on April 16, 1945, he suc- ceeded to the post of Director. It is a pleasure to record that Dr. Abbot remains at the Observatory as research associate and that his advice and help continue to be available to the staff. As of June 1, 1944, L. B. Clark, expert glass blower and technician of the Division of Radiation and Organisms, was placed in charge of the construction of instruments and equipment for both divisions of the Observatory. PUBLICATIONS During the fiscal year the following publications on the work of the Observatory were issued : Aszsort, C. G., Weather predetermined by solar variation. Smithsonian Mise. Coll, vol. 104, No. 5, July 1944. Assor, C. G., On the 27.0074-day cycle in Washington precipitation. Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 104, No. 9, February 1945. AtpricH, L. B., Smithsonian pyrheliometry and the Andean volcanic eruptions of April 1932. Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 104, No. 6, July 1944. AvpricH, L. B., Solar radiation observations and volcanic dust. Nature, vol. 154, No. 3914, p. 538, London, November 1944. WEINTRAUB, R. L., Radiation and plant respiration. Bot. Rev., vol. 10, No. 7, July 1944. WEINTRAUB, R. L., Chemotherapeutic agents from microbes. Ann. Rep. Smith- sonian Inst. for 1948, October 1944. WEINTRAUB, R. L., and Prick, LeoNARD, Influence of various substances on sugar determination by copper and ferricyanide reagents. Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol. 104, No. 10, March 1945. Respectfully submitted. L. B. Aupricu, Director. Dr. A. Wermore, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. APPENDIX 9 REPORT ON THE LIBRARY Str: 1 have the honor to submit the following report on the activities of the Smithsonian library for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1945: In use and also in growth the library continued to reflect the prog- ress of the war during the year just past. As the Army and the Navy moved toward the final objective, occupying territory concerning which they had earlier made a thorough search for significant infor- mation, the reference use of the library by the war agencies notice- ably decreased. The same reason, too, accounts largely for the drop in the number of loans to outside institutions from 1,363 in 1944 to 840 in 1945. Foreign accessions, on the other hand, took an upward turn late in the year, especially after VE-day, and the number of pieces received through the International Exchange Service was 200 more than in the preceding year, while increasingly larger numbers of publications had begun to come from abroad by mail. It is espe- cially gratifying to note here that some of the European learned so- cieties and museums had been able to continue publication of im- portant series straight through the years of the enemy occupation of their countries. While its more obvious direct use by the personnel of the war agen- cies declined, there was no falling off in the demand for the library’s less direct and conspicuous but no less important war service by the members of the scientific and technical staff of the Institution, many of whom were continuously busy with war projects requiring their special knowledge. Most of this work was not different in kind from the usual peacetime business of supplying the books and information needed by research workers in making scientific investigations, and no exceptional methods or procedures had to be used to do it. Now and then, however, ingenuity and resourcefulness were taxed to meet an out-of-the-ordinary or specially pressing requirement, sometimes to the temporary disruption of established routine. A forecast of the approaching end of the war was the return to Washington in 1944 of the rare books and manuscripts that had been removed to Lexington, Va., for safekeeping in 1942. The Institu- tion is deeply indebted both to Washington and Lee University and to the Library of Congress for providing the ideal conditions under which they were housed and protected during the years of their evacu- 96 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 07 ation. The McCormick Library, in the stacks of which the Univer- sity so generously gave them storage space, is a fine new fireproof building, and the Library of Congress was so kind as to extend to the Smithsonian material the 24-hour guard service which it maintained over its own material similarly stored there. More fortunate pro- vision for the safekeeping of the Institution’s irreplaceable books and manuscripts could not have been made, and nothing was lost or in- jured in any way. Not a part of its official business, but a willingly accepted wartime obligation, was the library’s agency in receiving and distributing the popular books and magazines which members and friends of the Insti- tution continued to bring in for men and women in the service. The table in the main hall of the Smithsonian building was kept well supplied with “take away” reading matter, and many books were turned over to various service centers in the city. ACCESSIONS The first evidences of the returning tide of foreign publications came so late in the year that their number and kind did not greatly affect the picture of the accessions for the year as a whole, especially as there had been a small but continuous falling off of serial publications from abroad in the months before. The accessions division handled altogether 25,914 incoming publications. Of these, 3,878, mostly documents not required in the work of the Institution, were sent di- rectly to the Library of Congress, while duplicates received as gifts or in exchange, and some other publications not needed for immediate use, were either given to other Government libraries or were kept in reserve. All the rest were cataloged, entered in the current periodical records, or assigned to sectional libraries for filing in pamphlet collections. Of the volumes received, 1,863 were purchased. The exigencies of current peacetime scientific publication usually make it difficult to stretch the book budget far enough to include older works needed to fill gaps in the Institution’s working collections of reference books. Narratives and reports of early voyages and travels are especially important te the work of both the National Museum and the Bureau of American Ethnology, containing as they do much direct or incidental information about the animals, plants, and peoples of the regions visited, while many of the older books on natural history, art, crafts, industries, and inventions are constantly required for reference by the different departments of the Museum and the National Collection of Fine Arts. This year, as last, it was possible to buy a few of the Institution’s desiderata in these and related fields when they came into the books markets. Among them were Henri Beraldi’s “Les Graveurs 98 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1945 du XIX ® Si&cle,” 12 volumes, Paris, 1885-92; George Dixon’s “A Voyage Round the World, but More Particularly to the North-West Coast of America, Performed in 1785, 1786, 1787, and 1788,” London, 1789; W. Vincent Legge’s “A History of the Birds of Ceylon,” Lon- don, 1880; Urey Lisiansky’s “A Voyage Round the World, in the Years 1803, 4, 5, & 6, Performed by Order of His Imperial Majesty Alexander the First, Emperor of Russia, in the Ship Neva,” London, 1814; Samuel Palmer’s “A General History of Printing, from the First Invention of It in the City of Mentz,” London, 1783; Leo Schidlof’s “Die Bildnisminiatur in Frankreich im XVII, XVIII, und XIX Jahrhundert,” Vienna, 1911; J. P. Williamson’s “English- Dakota Vocabulary,” Santee Agency, Nebr., 1871; Francis Willugh- by’s “Ornithologie,” London, 1676; William Wood’s “Index Ento- mologicus,” new and revised edition, with supplement by J. O. West- wood, London, 1854. GIFTS Space does not permit the separate listing of the 3,893 books and papers which members and friends of the Institution so generously gave to the library during the year. Among them were many items that greatly enriched the collections, notably two gifts of more than 200 publications each, on photography, some of them old and rare, which were presented to the division of photography for its sectional library by George R. Goergens, and by the firm of Fuller & d’Albert. Separates and reprints of their papers are always most welcome gifts from scientific investigators, and our divisional libraries on special subjects are largely built up of such contributions. In spite of the wartime difficulties of publication and transmission, the year’s record of the receipt of literature of this sort includes the names of individual donors from most of the countries of North and South America, and from Great Britain, Portugal, Egypt, Turkey, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. EXCHANGES The Institution’s policy of exchange of publications has always been a liberal rather than a rigid one of equivalents, and many of its own publications are sent out without expectation of any return in kind at all. This policy has greatly benefited the library, for it has almost invariably been reciprocated generously by the institutions on the exchange list. During this last war year of paper shortage and small editions, the library has had reason to feel especially grateful to the issuing institutions who have sent us voluntarily, or upon request, many needed publications over and above the hundreds distributed regularly in routine exchange. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 99 CATALOGING Current cataloging according to the plan of work adopted last year was well kept up, and it was even possible to do a little recataloging of some of the older, inadequately cataloged material most in demand. The union catalog was considerably improved, and work on it was simplified by adopting some clarifying and labor-saving devices in its arrangement, and by withdrawing from it old donor cards and other extraneous records which were serving no present useful purpose. There are still many thousands of volumes of older accessions in the different bureau libraries and in special collections that are not represented in the union catalog at all, and a large number of them, especially those in the Museum library, are not adequately cataloged in the unit catalogs of the bureau libraries themselves. Since its founding, almost a hundred years ago, the Smithsonian Institution is so fortunate as to have acquired exceptionally rich col- lections of literature in certain special fields of its interests, notably in anthropology, zoology, botany, and geology, in addition to the pub- lications sent as part of the Smithsonian Deposit to the Library of Congress. Provision for the cataloging of this and other material, mostly in the different bureau and sectional libraries of the Institu- tion, has always lagged so far behind its inflow, through the years, that the large accumulated “backlog” of work to be done on it might almost be termed permanent. Certain it is that it cannot be satisfac- torily reduced within any predictable future time except by a staff of competent catalogers engaged to do it as a special project. But only when the library finally has a complete catalog of all the Institution’s books, so that it is possible to know exactly what and where they are, can it be the scholarly tool and can its staff give the fully effective service that contemporary scientific and technical research requires. DUPLICATES The resources of the library’s large collections of duplicates and of other publications on subjects not pertinent to the work of the Institu- tion continue to be drawn upon by other Government libraries, and many parts needed for the completion of sets of scientific serials have been supplied to them. More than 6,000 of these publications, too, were sent to the Library of Congress to be used for the rehabilita- tion of destroyed libraries. PERSONNEL Changes in personnel were the appointment of Miss Mary L. Fleet on October 16, 1944, to be in charge of serials and binding in the Mu- 100 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1945 seum library, succeeding Miss Elizabeth G. Moseley who had resigned on August 31; and the appointment on September 18 of Miss Leona Haviland as a cataloger. By transfer from the division of insects Miss Mathilde M. Carpenter was attached to the library staff on August 31 as biological aid in charge of the sectional library of the division of insects. On October 9 Mrs. Carmen G. Randall, who had been under temporary appointment as library assistant, was transferred to the temporary position of senior bindery aid. Miss Beatrice E. Smith served as a cataloger under temporary appointment from June 30 to August 31, 1944. NEEDS Relief for the serious overcrowding of the shelves in all the build- ings is the library’s most urgent need, and the whole matter of the physical condition and arrangement of all its branches and parts with relation to policies and provisions for their growth and adminis- tration in the future needs detailed and careful study. STATISTICS Accessions es y total oldings ; oldings Volumes June 30, Voiumes June 30, 1945 1945 Astrophysical Observatory National Zoological Park_____ 34 4,121 (including Radiation and Smithsonian Deposit at the Organisms) een eee 207 11, 715 Library of Congress (includ- Bureau of American Eth- ing the Langley Aeronauti- TLOLO Baye a eae IN ea ae 204 34, 205 cal -wibrary) oso ee ee 723 576, 173 Freer Gallery of Art________-- 230 16, 866 || Smithsonian Office___..__.__- 187 31, 680 National Collection of Fine — — VAT ES epee THe FS nN 407 10, 155 Totalese ey 4,844 | 1918, 460 National Museum___.____--_- 2, 852 233, 544 1 Neither incomplete volumes of periodicals nor separates and reprints from periodicals are included in these figures. Hachanges New exchanges arranged... Sos IS AUS VON NG Le ee 218 56 of these were assigned to the Smithsonian Deposit. SENATE Ses HOC EL VC se US UU EL Se 6,671 782 of these were obtained to fill gaps in the Smithsonian Deposit sets. Cataloging Volumes-and pamphlets) cataloged= 22a ee eis ae ee 6,512 Cards' filed in*catalogs’and Shelflistss225.02 5o) er eee 35,625 Periodicals ‘Periodical: parts) /emtered 200 ate aa a ee 12,359 3,040 of these were sent to the Smithsonian Deposit. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 101 Circulation Eoans, Of HOOKS ang Werlodicals: 220242 Aas 10,833 This figure does not include the very considerable intramural circulation of books and periodicals assigned to sectional libraries for filing, of which no count is kept. Binding Volumes! sent tojnthe binderye si 25 seb oak pe 2,589 Books repaired) at: the, Institution. 22. 2 el 1,149 Respectfully submitted. Lema F. Ciarn, Librarian. Dr. A. Wetmorr, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. APPENDIX 10 REPORT ON PUBLICATIONS Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the publica- tions of the Smithsonian Institution and the Government branches under its administrative charge during the year ended June 30, 1945: The Institution published during the year 6 papers in the Smith- sonian Miscellaneous Collections; 2 papers in the War Background Studies series; 1 Annual Report of the Board of Regents and pam- phlet copies of 23 articles in the Report appendix; and 38 special pub- lications. It also reprinted 2 volumes of the Smithsonian Miscella- neous Collections, 17 War Background Studies papers, and 2 special publications. Owing to the paper shortage, the Secretary’s Report for 1944 was not printed as a separate pamphlet, but was mimeographed, in con- densed form, for the use of the Board of Regents. This report, in- cluding the financial report of the oxecutive committee of the Board of Regents, will form a part of the Annual Report of the Board of Regents to Congress for the year ended June 380, 1944. The United States National Museum issued 18 Proceedings papers; 1 Bulletin; and 1 separate paper in the Bulletin series of Contribu- tions from the United States National Herbarium. The Bureau of American Ethnology issued one Annual Report, one Bulletin, one special publication, and one paper in the Institute of Social Anthropology series. There were distributed 141,635 copies of the publications, including 24 volumes and separates of the Smithsonian Contributions to Knowl- edge, 14,420 volumes and separates of the Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 19,686 volumes and separates of the Smithsonian Annual Reports, 56,245 War Background Studies papers, 3,812 Smithsonian special publications, 33,264 volumes and separates of National Mu- seum publications, 11,570 publications of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 6 publications of the National Collection of Fine Arts, 8 publications of the Freer Gallery of Art, 160 reports on the Harriman Alaska Expedition, 23 Annals of the Astrophysical Observatory, 889 reports of the American Historical Association, and 1,528 publica- tions of the Institute of Social Anthropology. 102 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 103. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS There were issued six papers in this series, as follows: VOLUME 104 No. 5. Weather predetermined by solar variation, by C. G. Abbot. 44 pp., 24 figs. (Publ. 3771.) July 3, 1944. No. 6. Smithsonian pyrheliometry and the Andean voleanic eruptions of April 1932, by L. B. Aldrich. 5 pp. (Publ. 8772.) July 3, 1944. No. 7. The feeding apparatus of the biting and sucking insects affecting man and animals, by R. EH. Snodgrass. 113 pp., 39 figs. (Publ. 3778.) October 24, 1944, No. 8. A new shipworm from the Panama Canal, by Paul Bartsch. 3 pp., 1pl. (Publ. 3774.) Septensber 7, 1944. No. §. On the 27.0074-day cycle in Washington precipitation, by C. G. Abbot. 2 pp. (Publ. 3800.) February 8, 1945. No. 10. Influence of various substances on sugar determination by copper and ferricyanide reagents, by Robert L. Weintraub and Leonard Price. 17 pp., 9 figs. (Publ. 3801.) March 28, 1945. The following volumes were reprinted : VOLUME 79 World Weather Records, assembled and arranged by H. Helm Clayton. First Reprint. xii+-1199 pp. (Publ. 2913.) VOLUME 90 World Weather Records, 1921-1930, assembled and arranged by H. Helm Clayton. First Reprint. xvii+616 pp. (Pub. 3218.) WAR BACKGROUND STUDIES Tn this series the following papers were issued : No. 20. China, by A. G. Wenley and John A. Pope. 85 pp., 25 pls., 10 figs. (Publ. 3770.) July 27, 1944. No. 21. The Aleutian Islands: Their people and natural history. (With keys for the identification of the birds and plants), by Henry B. Collins, Jr., Austin H. Clark, and Egbert H. Walker. 181 pp., 21 pls., 8 figs. (Publ. 3775.) Feb- ruary 5, 1945. The following War Background Studies papers were reprinted: No. 1. Origin of the Far Eastern civilizations: A brief handbook, by Carl Whiting Bishop. No. 2. The evolution of nations, by John R. Swanton. No. 3. The peoples of the Soviet Union, by AleS Hrdlicka. No. 4. Peoples of the Philippines, by Herbert W. Krieger. No. 5. The natural-history background of camouflage, by Herbert Friedmann. No. 6. Polynesians—explorers of the Pacific, by J. EH. Weckler. No. 7. The Japanese, by John F. Embree. No. 8. Siam—land of free men, by H. G. Deignan. No. 9. The native peoples of New Guinea, by M. W. Stirling. 670174—45——_8 104 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1945 No. 10. Poisonous reptiles of the world: A wartime handbook, by Doris M. Cochran. U No. 11. Egypt and the Suez Canal, by Frank H. H. Roberts, Jr. No. 12. Are wars inevitable? by John R. Swanton. No. 18. Alaska: America’s continental frontier outpost, by Ernest P, Walker. No. 14. Islands and peoples cf the Indies, by Raymond Kennedy. No. 15. Iceland and Greenland, by Austin H. Clark. No. 16. Island peoples of the western Pacific: Micronesia and Melanesia, by Herbert W. Krieger. No. 17. Burma—gateway to China, by H. G. Deignan. No. 18 on “The Peoples of India,” by William H. Gilbert, and No. 19 on ‘The Peoples of French Indochina,” by Olay Janse, were issued so near the end of the previous fiscal year that no reprints were necessitated. SMITHSONIAN ANNUAL REPORTS Report for 1943—The complete volume of the Annual Report of the Board of Regents for 1943 was received from the Public Printer in October 1944: Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution showing the operations, expenditures, and conditions of the Institution for the year ended June 39, 1948. xi-+-609 pp., 141 pls., 64 figs. (Publ. 3741.) - The general appendix contained the following papers (Publs. 3742- 3764) : Solar radiation as a power source, by C. G. Abbot. Some biological effects of scolar radiation, by Brian O’Brien. The sea as a storehouse, by E. F. Armstrong. Progress in new synthetic textile fibers, by Herbert R. Mauersberger. Petroleum geology, by William B. Heroy. The 1942 eruption of Mauna Loa, Hawaii, by Gordon A. MacDonald. New metals and new methods, by C. H. Desch. Oceanography, by Henry C. Stetson. The ocean current called “The Child,” by Eliot G. Mears. Maps, strategy, and world politics, by Richard Edes Harrison and Robert Strausz-Hupé. The natural-history background of camouflage, by Herbert Friedmann, Dangerous reptiles, by Doris M. Cochran. The plants of China and their usefulness to man, by Hgbert H. Walker. Natural rubber, by O. &. Cook. Lessons from the Old World to the Americas in land use, by Walter Clay Lowdermilk. Areal and temporal aspects of aboriginal South American culture, by John M. Cooper. Origin of the Far Eastern civilizations: A brief handbook, by Carl Whiting Bishop. Contours of culture in Indonesia, by Raymond Kennedy. The Arab village community of the Middle Hast, by Afif I. Tannous. Chemotherapeutic agents from microbes, by Robert L. Weintraub. Sulfonamides in the treatment of war wounds and burns, by Charles L. Fox. The yellow fever situation in the Americas, by Wilbur A. Sawyer. Some food problems in wartime, by George R. Cowgill. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 105 Report for 1944.—The Report of the Secretary, which included the financial report of the executive committee of the Board of Regents, and which will form part of the Annual Report of the Board of Regents to Congress, was not printed as a separate pamphlet, but was mimeographed, in condensed form, for the use of the Board of Regents. The Report volume, containing the general appendix, was in press at the close of the year. SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS Publications of the Smithsonian Institution issued between July 1, 1939, and July 1, 1944. 18 pp. March 1945. Classified list of Smithsonian publications available for distribution May 1, 1945, compiled by Helen Munroe. 50 pp. (Publ. 3802.) May 1945. The following special publications were reprinted : National Aircraft Collection, by Paul Garber. Fifth Edition. 43 pp., illus. (Publ. 3635.) March 1945. Brief Guide to the Smithsonian Institution. Sixth Edition. 80 pp., illus. April 1945. A field collector’s manual in natural history, prepared by members of the staff of the Smithsonian Institution. 118 pp., 66 figs. (Publ. 3766.) June 1945. PUBLICATIONS OF THH UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM The editorial work of the National Museum has continued during the year under the immediate direction of the editor, Paul H. Oehser. There were issued 18 Proceedings papers, 1 Bulletin, and 1 separate paper in the Bulletin series of Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, as follows: PROCEEDINGS : VOLUME 94 No. 3177. Parasitic copepods in the United States National Museum, by Charles Branch Wilson. Pp. 529-582, pls. 20-34. July 10, 1944. Title page, table of contents, and index. Pp. i-vi, 583-598. December 1, 1944. VOLUME 95 No. 3179. A collection of birds from northern Guanacaste, Costa Rica, by Alexander Wetmore. Pp. 25-80, pls. 3-6. July 7, 1944. No. 3180. Studies in Neotropical Mallophaga (III) [Tinamidae No. 2], by M. A. Carriker, Jr. Pp. 81-235, figs. 1-29. October 10, 1944. No. 3181. The fishes of the family Characinidae from Venezuela, with descrip- tions of seventeen new forms, by Leonard P. Schultz. Pp. 235-367, figs. 30-56. September 6, 1944. No. 3182. New genera and species of oriental and Australian plant bugs in the United States National Museum, by Tsai-Yu Hsiao. Pp. 369-3896, fig. 57. August 5, 1944. No. 3183. New species of buprestid beetles from Trinidad, by W. 8. Fisher. Pp. 897469. July 22, 1944. 106 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1945 No. 3184. The Fulgoroidea, or lanternflies, of Trinidad and adjacent parts of South America, by R. G. Fennah. Pp. 411-520, pls. 7-17. May 24, 1945. No. 8185. Summary of the collections of amphibians made in Mexico under the Walter Rathbone Bacon Traveling Scholarship, by Edward H. Taylor and Hobart M. Smith. Pp. 521-613, figs. 58-61, pls. 18-82. January 30, 1945. VOLUME 96 No. 3186. Review of the spider monkeys, by Remington Kellogg and BH. A. Goldman. Pp. 1-45, figs. 1-2. November 2, 1944. No. 3187. _--- 2-2 ---- 2 2) fee a ee $10, 282. 15 $355. 86 Reid, Addison T., fund, for founding chair in biology in memory of Asher STS TITAS wees Sana ae E ee hs Atopy ta yy Se Gener RE snare acta pes ora enc OREN sates MELE 30, 055. 94 1, 388. 70 Roebling fund, for care, improvement, and increase of Roebling collection (OSES CaN aL S% fs) Captatp ee aI ei eA CRS ey dS pe nL IC eS a ed! 120, 716. 53 4,177.93 Rollins, Miriam and William, fund, for investigations in physics and CUE TITIS trtey ee een Re RULE CO RRM ce TER Ce WEN eso natn Ree ee 93, 927. 33 SH2b2ho2 Smithsonian employees’ retirement fund ____-____--______-_----------------- 64, 656. 17 2, 237. 71 Springer, Frank, fund, for care, etc., of Springer collection and library____- 17, 937. 03 620. 79 Walcott, Charles D. and Mary Vaux, research fund, for development of geological and paleontological studies and publishing results thereof _-__-- 430, 367. 55 13, 460. 66 Younger, Helen Walcott; fund; heldsin' trust. 25. 22s See eee 50, 118. 79 2, 517. 96 Zerbee, Frances Brincklé, fund, for endowment of aquaria___-------------- 761. 25 26. 35 CRYO Sy Ls SPN a NS eR A ed 1, 396, 223. 54 50, 725, 13 The above funds amount to a total of $2,757,127.57, and are carried in the following investment accounts of the Institution: U. S. Treasury deposit account, drawing 6 percent interest_____-__ $1, 000, 000. 00 Consolidated investment fund (income in table below) —~--------- 1, 454, 957. 73 Real cestaterimonteaees: Cte 2. a ees pees ee Se ee 250, 815. 01 Special funds, miscellaneous investments_______-_--____-_______ 51, 354. 83 M0 of ae av PA Ce eRe ge YUE eee 2, 757, 127. 57 CONSOLIDATED FUND This fund contains substantially all of the investments of the Insti- tution, with the exception of those of the Freer Gallery of Art; the REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 111 deposit of $1,000,000 in the United States Treasury, with guaranteed income of 6 percent; and investments in real estate and real estate mortgages. This fund contains endowments for both unrestricted and specific use. A statement of principal and income of this fund for the last 10 years follows: Fiscal year Principal Income mercer: Fiscal year Principal Income Percents AOS use $723, 795.46 | $26, 836. 61 EAL || TM $1, 093, 301. 51 | $41, 167. 38 3. 76 TQS 7 TTY 738, 858. 54 | 33,819.43 4 ye MN SUGYON a 1, 270, 968.45 | 46, 701. 98 3. 67 TOSRU BI TeEA 867, 528.50 | 34, 679. 64 4.00 || 1943.____-___- 1, 316, 533.49 | 50, 524. 22 3. 83 CE mean as 902, 801.27 | 30, 710. 53 3.40 || 1944. 1, 372, 516.41 | 50, 783. 79 3. 69 940 LL ewe ES 1,081, 249.25 | 38, 673. 29 3.47 || 1945.00 1, 454, 957.73 | 50, 046. 67 3. 50 CONSOLIDATED FUND Gain in investments over year 1944 Investments made from gifts and savings on income__________---_-__ $63, 858. 97 Investments of gain from sales, etc., of securities_____ RS gee ees 18, 582. 35 HU ay re (Ue Spe nee 2 re eee eae Dee ne Mey Cmca Joe 82, 441. 32 FREER GALLERY OF ART FUND Early in 1906, by deed of gift, Charles L. Freer, of Detroit, gave to the Institution his collection of Chinese and other Oriental objects of art, as well as paintings, etchings, and other works of art by Whistler, Thayer, Dewing, and other artists. Later he also gave funds for the construction of a building to house the collection, and finally in his will, probated November 6, 1919, he provided stock and securities to the estimated value of $1,958,591.42, as an endowment fund for the operation of the Gallery. The above fund of Mr. Freer was almost entirely represented by 20,465 shares of stock in Parke, Davis & Co. As this stock advanced in value, much of it was sold and the proceeds reinvested so that the fund now amounts to $5,864,061.73, in a selected list of securities classified later. The invested funds of the Freer bequest are under the following headings: Countandicrounds tod ee ee $656, 922. 55 Court and grounds maintenance fund_-_____-__-_____ 164, 994. 12 ent ore tuna Chee a er Ae ee 668, 523. 81 Residuanry legacy funds. 22 eee 4, 373, 621. 25 HINyp Eanes Retna A Wake ees ime) ae 5, 864, 061. 73 112 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1945 Statement of principal and income for the last 10 years Fiscal year Principal Income rate $259, 420. 73 5. 39 280, 969. 53 5.75 255, 651. 61 5. 30 212, 751. 78 4.19 242, 573. 92 3, 96 233, 079. 22 3. 86 241, 557.77 4.08 216, 125.07 3.70 212, 395. 27 3.61 212, 552. 69 3. 62 FREER FUND Loss during present year from sale, call of securities, etc._-_--- $17, 340. 44 SUMMARY OF ENDOWMENTS Invested endowment for general purposes_______---__-_____-_-- $1, 360, 904. 03 Invested endowment for specific purposes other than Freer en- COO NGI MOVE) OU eeepc ataoes aN ese alors i Sak peed NaN IM ie la copier daa TE 1, 396, 223. 54 Total invested endowment other than Freer endowment___ 2, 757, 127. 57 Freer invested endowment for specific purposes__________________ 5, 864, 061. 73 Total invested endowment for all purposes_______-_______ 8, 621, 189. 30 CLASSIFICATION OF INVESTMENTS Deposited in the U. S. Treasury at 6 percent per annum, as authorized in the United States Revised Statutes, sec. 5591____ $1, 000, 000. 00 Investments other than Freer endowment (cost or market value at date acquired) : Bonds (19 different groups) ___________________ $711, 260. 57 Stocks (48 different groups) -_-________________ 858, 132. 48 Real estate and first-mortgage notes__________ 180, 296.14 (WiniMveEs tec ie cep ita ee ae ar a 7, 438. 38 —————._ 1, 757, 127. 57 Total investments other than Freer endowment_________-_ 2, 157, 127, 57 Investment of Freer endowment (cost or market value at date acquired) ;: Bonds (36 different groups) —-_--____________ 3, 089, 890. 60 Stocks (50 different groups)—--_-____________ 2, 779, 031. 83 Real estate first-mortgage noteg____________ 4, 000. 00 Uninvested: ‘capital.---- 222). 22 2s 41, 139. 30 5, 864, 061. 73 Ota sesimVieS Erm Om GS ise a Ne Ue ae as 8, 621, 189. 30 REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 113 CASH BALANCES, RECEIPTS, AND DISBURSEMENTS DURING FISCAL YEAR 1945+ Cash balance omhand June 30, 1944502 8 eee ee $719, 314. 48 Receipts: Cash income from various sources for general work of the Institution-__._________________ $88, 398. 91 Cash gifts and contributions expendable for special scientific objects (not for investment) — 7, 848. 27 Cash gifts for special scientific work (to be in- BUCS LC NY ea a as a ees 10, 150. 00 Cash income from endowments for specifie use other than Freer endowment and from mis- cellaneous sources (including refund of tem- porary! advamees))= 22 Le a Eels Pe ee 154, 112. 47 Cash capital from sale, call of securities, etc. (for investment) —~--_-___-_-________________ 362, 791. 36 Total receipts other than Freer endowment___________ 622, 796. 01 Cash income from Freer endowment______--__ 212, 552. 69 Cash capital from sale, call of securities, ete. (for investment) ~-__-___________--________ 1, 425, 529. 25 Total receipts from Freer endowment _-___-__________ 1, 688, 081. 94 STR) CED BP BI Se ci lca ne ee E 2 LO i Bay 2, 980, 192. 43 Disbursements: From funds for general work of the Institution: Buildings—care, repairs, and alterations__ 3, 220. 00 Furniture and fixtures__________________- 251. 98 General administration_________------_-_ 23, 721. 92 EATON Ezy yA Ee ERR Oe SAL ees re ON DEES Oe 2, 832. 60 Publications (comprising preparation, printing and distribution) _-____________ 20, 964. 34 Researches and explorations_____________ 17, 397. 14 —__—___—_ 68, 387. 98 From funds for specific use other than Freer endowment : Investments made from gifts and from sav- ings on AMcomes 2 37, 313. 60 Other expenditures, consisting largely of research work, travel, increase and care of special collections, ete., from income of endowment funds, and from cash gifts for specific use (including temporary EL CV GEDTN CCS) esa ee as 121, 478. 77 Reinvestment of cash capital from sale, call Of Securitiesete St 228 a2 os, eee 349, 971. 04 Cost of handling securities, fee of invest- ment counsel, and accrued interest on bonds purchased 3, 781. 25 —_— 512, 544. 66 17This statement does not include Government appropriations under the administrative charge of the Institution. 114 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1945 Disbursements—Continued. From Freer endowment: Operating expenses of the gallery, salaries, field expenses, ete_--__________________ $58, 018. 42 Purchase of art objects__________________ 164, 177. 12 Reinvestment of cash capital from sale, eall of securities, ete._-________________ 1, 390, 671. 18 Cost of handling securities, fee of invest- ment counsel, and accrued interest on bonds purchased_____________________-_ 26, 179. 98 ; ——_—_—_——— $1, 639, 041. 70 Cash Palancey Tune BOs MOA sees ME ea cee ee ee 760, 218. 09 HL 2) eS TD ts A Ssh bute oi ay opacities ooial lw 2, 980, 192. 43 Included in the above receipts was cash received as royalties from sales of Smithsonian Scientific Series to the amount of $26,564.20. This was distributed as follows: Smithsonian Institution Endowment Fund____-__-_____________ $11, 803. 85. Smithsonian Institution Emergency Fund_____-________________ 2, 950. 96. Smithsonian Institution Unrestricted Fund, General__--________ 8, 852. 89 Salaries! iil Saye ease combine anes Lele nite Oat rheaies ANAS 2, 956. 50: 26, 564. 20 Included in the foregoing are expenditures for researches in pure science, publications, explorations, care, increase, and study of collec- tions, etc., as follows: Expended from general funds of the Institution: EAU TT CATO MS Oe SR SM SN $20, 964. 34 Researches and explorations__________________ 17, 897. 14 $38, 361. 48: Expenditures from funds devoted to specific purposes: Researches and explorations________________ 24, 939. 07 Care, increase, and study of special CONC CH OMS MaMa si 2) cane ee a 9, 129. 85 Publications: 22 22200. neha er area 7, 681. 92 ee 41, 750. 84 otal! hus seus Hoe wean Roth hii operate 80, 112. 32 The practice of depositing on time in local trust companies and banks such revenues as may be spared temporarily has been continued during the past year, and interest on these deposits has amounted to $469.79. REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 115 The Institution gratefully acknowledges gifts or bequests from the following: American Malacological Union, toward publication of bibliography and short _ biographical sketch of Dr. W. H. Dall. Mr. Conrad Chapman, work on bamboo collections. Office of Inter-American Affairs, for researches in anthropology of Colombia, by Dr. Gregorio Hernandez de Alba. Miss Mary Jane Rathbun, memorial fund to Richard Rathbun. Viking Fund, for researches among the Iroquois Indians. All payments are made by check, signed by the Secretary of the Institution on the Treasurer of the United States, and all revenues are deposted to the credit of the same account. In many instances deposits are placed in bank for convenience of collection and later are with- drawn and deposited in the U. S. Treasury. The foregoing report relates only to the private funds of the Institution. The following annual appropriations were made by Congress for the Government bureaus under the administrative charge of the Smith- sonian Institution for the fiscal year 1945: Salaries andl Wxpenses. 222 2c $1, 224, 090. 00 National: Zoological Park, D. Cie. oo 2 ee 334, 651. 00 Cooperation with the American Republics (transfer from State ATO) po eauTs TaN vA) ees ate a ae PUN ED a 2 es Niel I 67, 482. 00 The report of the audit of the Smithsonian private funds is given below: SEPTEMBER 26, 1945. HWXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, Boarp OF REGENTS, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. Sirs: Pursuant to agreement we have audited the accounts of the Smith- sonian Institution for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1945, and certify the balances of cash on hand, including Petty Cash Fund, June 30, 1945, to be $762,118.09. We have verified the records of receipts and disbursements maintained by the Institution and the agreement of the book balances with the bank balances. We have examined all the securities in the custody of the Institution and in the custody of the banks and found them to agree with the book records. We have compared the stated income of such securities with the receipts of records and found them in agreement therewith. We have examined all vouchers covering disbursements for account of the Institution during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1945, together with the authority therefor, and have compared them with the Institution’s record of expenditures and found them to agree. We have examined and verified the accounts of the Institution with each trust fund. 116 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1945 We found the books of account and records well and accurately kept and the securities conveniently filed and securely cared for. All information requested by your auditors was promptly and courteously furnished. We certify the Balance Sheet, in our opinion, correctly presents the financial condition of the Institution as at June 30, 1945. Respectfully submitted. WILLIAM L. YEAGER, Certified Public Accountant. Respectfully submitted. Frepertc A. DELANO, VaNNEVAR Busu, CLARENCE CANNON, Eauecutive Committee. ‘ ea - is eat) nates eye SMITHSON TION LIBRARIES 1296 8574