> ge ~ Cols 5.0 a Oa. ae OD + 101 / | i Mat LOD al Musee S6628 Wc Se ita he pe TY f 9h (hak pt Fe ie ten FI SH ] Viel oe REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION AND FINANCIAL REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF REGENTS 151 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION WASHINGTON, D. C. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION AND FINANCIAL REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF REGENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED JUNE 30 1951 (Publication 4056) UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1952 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. Price 55 cents > Pp esices te ee ee oe oid yee ee Foal ions cane oral CONTENTS Page TEATS ONE op aT ey EES TT Sy Oe EU ene es Nea, fe ee eh Vv Gemeralystabemme rts) ims wa Oi Ae a iC mi ae leah yy Lim) Uae ee Se 1 “Fav, TDESUEET ON DES) ota a G4 Se ae Net ES Na A ea a 3 se MB OATGOlMeCeMts: Gaya) alias Lp eh ea avin hea ees ta 3 Me CeS SS MpU ea sess Aen ee Se ee ek ei ce NE oe 4. PAN OEODEIAGIONS Sioa Reece sie eae Ges alee eee Petey ie Ue 5 IV AIST OTS prea CNG Sk A real ek Le 5 HKighteenth annual James Arthur lecture on the sun_____-_-___---_---__- 6 Opening of Adams-Clementicollection=222 == =-22- 42522222) ieee se 6 SAMs CSS ONES | AUS SIS ws es a ae 7 Summary of the year’s activities of the branches of the Institution_____ he 7 HR uty 1 GTO TS es AU AS) Ca aN NN 11 AUDA Tos TeeU Tey gen ete ee LS Ls VEE LeU Ng Ma Oc op 12 Appendix 1. Report on the United States National Museum__-________-- 14 Za Report on the National Gallery of Arts.) 224) {a eee 25 3. Report on the National Collection of Fine Arts___________- 4l 4. Report on the Freer Gallery of Art__--______.-_----_-__--_ 49 5. Report on the Bureau of American Ethnology___-_-___-__- 56 6. Report on the International Exchange Service____________- 96 7. Report on the National Zoological Park____-__-_---_-_-_-- 104 8. Report on the Astrophysical Observatory --___._---_-_-_-- 117 9. Report on the National Air Museum-_-_-_________-_---_-_--_ 123 10. Report on the Canal Zone Biological Area_________________ 134 ESE Ort On the libranye we se usec cena mmr ue Se ae A Me 144 DN ELC DOLG ON PUDHCA IONS Ue ye tee ce fees nnn ENT al UO aaa 148 Report of the executive committee of the Board of Regents__.-_-------- 154 ARON pecan tats, (ne rae ona THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION June 30, 1951 Presiding Officer ex officio— Harry S. TRuMAN, President of the United States. Chancellor.—Frep M. Vinson, Chief Justice of the United States. Members of the Institution: Harry S. TrRuMAN, President of the United States. ALBEN W. BARKLEY, Vice President of the United States. FRED M. Vinson, Chief Justice of the United States. | Dean C. AcHESON, Secretary of State. Joun W. Snyper, Secretary of the Treasury. Grorce C. MARSHALL, Secretary of Defense. J. Howarp McGratnH, Attorney General. JESSE M. DonaLpson, Postmaster General. Oscar CHAPMAN, Secretary of the Interior. CHARLES EF’. BRANNAN, Secretary of Agriculture. CHARLES SAwyer, Secretary of Commerce. Maorice Tosin, Secretary of Labor. Regents of the Institution: Frep M. Vinson, Chief Justice of the United States, Chancellor. ALBEN W. BARKLEY, Vice President of the United States. WALTER EF. Grorce, Member of the Senate. CLInton P. ANDERSON, Member of the Senate. LEVERETT SALTONSTALL, Member of the Senate. CLARENCE CANNON, Member of the House of Representatives. JOHN M. Vorys, Member of the House of Representatives. EK. E. Cox, Member of thé House of Representatives. Harvey N. Davis, citizen of New Jersey. ARTHUR H. Compton, citizen of Missouri. VANNEVAR BusH, citizen of Washington, D. C. Rosert V. FLEMING, citizen of Washington, D. C. JEROME C. HUNSAKER, citizen of Massachusetts. Executive Committee—Rosert V. FLEMING, chairman, VANNEVAR CLARENCE CANNON. : Secretary.— ALEXANDER WETMORE. Assistant Secretaries —JOHN HW. GRAF, J. L. KEDDY. Administrative assistant to the Secretary.—Mrs: LOUISE M. PEARSON. Treasurer.—. D. Howarp. Chief, editorial division.—PAUL H. OEFHSER. Librarian. Mrs. LEA F. CLarK. Administrative accountant.—THOMAS F. CLark. Superintendent of buildings and labor.—L. L. OLIvER. Assistant Superintendent of buildings and labor.—CHARLES C. SINCLAIR. Personnel Officer —Jack B. NEWMAN. Chief, division of publications.—L. BE. CoMMERFORD. Property, supply, and purchasing officer—ANTHONY W. WILDING. Photographer.—¥k. B. KESTNER. BusuH, VI ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Director.—A. REMINGTON KELLOGG. Chief, office of correspondence and records HELENA M. WEIss. Editor.—Joun S. Lea. Associate librarian.—Mrs. ELIsaBeTH H. Gazin. SCIENTIFIC STAFF DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY : Frank M. Setzler, head curator; A. J. Andrews, exhibits preparator ; W. W. Taylor, Jr., collaborator in anthropology. Division of Archeology: Waldo R. Wedel, curator; Clifford Evans, Jr., asso- ciate curator; Mrs. M. C. Blaker, museum aide; J. Townsend Russell, Jr., honorary assistant curator of Old World archeology. Division of Ethnology: H. W. Krieger, curator; J. C. Hwers, associate cu- rator; C. M. Watkins, associate curator; R. A. Elder, Jr., assistant curator. Division of Physical Anthropology: T. Dale Stewart, curator; M. T. Newman, associate curator. Associate in Anthropology: Neil M. Judd. DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY: Waldo L. Schmitt, head curator; W. L. Brown, chief exhibits preparator ; Mrs. Aime M. Awl, scientific illustrator. Associates in Zoology: T. S. Palmer, W. B. Marshall, A. G. Béving, C. R. Shoemaker, W. K. Fisher, Austin H. Clark. Collaborator in Zoology: R. S. Clark. Collaborator in Biology: D. C. Graham. Division of Mammals: D,. H. Johnson, associate curator; H. W. Setzer, asso- ciate curator ; Charles O. Handley, Jr., assistant curator; A. Brazier How- ell, collaborator ; Gerrit S. Miller, Jr., associate. Division of Birds: Herbert Friedmann, curator; H. G. Deignan, associate curator; Alexander Wetmore, custodian of alcoholic and skeleton collec- tions; Arthur C. Bent, collaborator. Division of Reptiles and Amphibians: Doris M. Cochran, associate curator. Division of Fishes: Leonard P. Schultz, curator; E. A. Lachner, associate curator; W. T. Leapley, Robert H. Kanazawa, museum aides. Division of Insects: Hdward A. Chapin, curator; R. E. Blackwelder, asso- ciate curator; W. D. Field, associate curator; O. L. Cartwright, associate curator; Grace HW. Glance, associate curator; Sophy Parfin, assistant cura- tor; W. L. Jellison, collaborator. Section of Hymenoptera: W. M. Mann, assistant custodian; Robert A. Cushman, assistant custodian. Section of Diptera: Charles T. Greene, assistant custodian. Section of Coleoptera: L. L. Buchanan, specialist for Casey collection. Dwision of Marine Invertebrates: F. A. Chace, Jr., curator; P: L. Ilg, asso- ciate curator; Frederick M. Bayer, assistant curator; Mrs. L. W. Peterson, museum aide; Mrs. Harriet Richardson Searle, collaborator; Max M. Ellis, collaborator; J. Percy Moore, collaborator; Mrs. Mildred S. Wilson, col- laborator in copepod Crustacea. Division of Mollusks: Harald A, Rehder, curator; Joseph P. E. Morrison, associate curator; R. Tucker Abbott, associate curator; W. J. Byas, mu- seum aide; P. Bartsch, associate. Section of Helminthological Collections: Benjamin Schwartz, collabo- rator. SECRETARY’S REPORT VII DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY (NATIONAL HERBARIUM) : Jason R. Swallen, head curator. Division of Phanerogams; A. C. Smith, curator; HB. C. Leonard, associate curator; E. H. Walker, associate curator; Lyman B. Smith, associate curator; Velva E. Rudd, assistant curator 5 E. P. Killip, research associate. Division of Ferns: C. V. Morton, curator. Division of Grasses: Ernest R. Sohns, associate curator; Agnes Chase, F. A. McClure, research associates. Division of Cryptograms: Paul S. Conger, associate curator; John A. Steven- son, custodian of C. G. Lloyd mycological collections ; W. T. Swingle, cus- todian of Higher Algae; David Fairchild, custodian of Lower Fungi. DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY : W. F. Foshag, head curator; J. H. Benn, museum aide; Jessie G. Beach, aide. Division of Mineralogy and Petrology: W. F. Foshag, acting curator; H. P. Henderson, associate curator; G. S. Switzer, associate curator; F. EH. Holden, museum technician; Frank L. Hess, custodian of rare metals and rare earths. Division of Invertebrate Paleontology and Paleobotany: Gustav A. Cooper, curator; A. R. Loeblich, Jr., associate curator; David Nicol, associate curator; Arthur L. Bowsher, associate curator; W. T. Allen, museum aide; J. Brookes Knight, research associate in paleontology. Section of Invertebrate Paleontology: T. W. Stanton, custodian of Mesozoic collection: J. B. Reeside, Jr., custodian of Mesozoic collec- tion. Division of Vertebrate Paleontology: C. L. Gazin, curator ; D. H. Dunkle, asso- ciate curator; W. D. Crockett, scientific illustrator; F. L. Pearce, A. C. Murray, exhibits preparators. Associates in Mineralogy: W. T. Schaller, S. H. Perry, J. P. Marble. “Associates in Paleontology: T. W. Vaughan, R. S. Bassler. DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIES: Frank A. Taylor, head curator. Division of Engineering: Frank A. Taylor, acting curator. Section of Civil and Mechanical Engineering: Frank A. Taylor, in arenes, Section of Marine Transportation: Frank A. Taylor, in charge. Section of Electricity : K. M. Perry, associate curator. Section of Physical Sciences and Measurement: Frank A. Taylor, in charge. Section of Land Transportation: S. H. Oliver, associate curator. Division of Crafts and Industries: W. N. Watkins, curator; E. A. Avery, William . Bridges, museum aides; F. L. Lewton, research associate. Section of Textiles: Grace L. Rogers, assistant curator. Section of Wood Technology: William N. Watkins, in charge. Section of Manufactures: W. N. Watkins, in charge. Section of Agricultural Industries: W. N. Watkins, in charge. Division of Medicine and Public Health: G. S. Thomas, associate curator. Division of Graphic Arts: J. Kainen, curator; EH. J. Fite, assistant curator. Section of Photography: A. J. Wedderburn, Jr., associate curator. Vill ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY: Mendel L. Peterson, acting head curator. Divisions of Military History and Naval History: M. L. Bee, associate curator; J. R. Sirlouis, assistant curator. Division of Civil History: Margaret W. Brown, assistant curator. Division of Numismatics: S. M. Mosher, associate curator. Division of Philately: Franklin L. Bruns, assistant curator. NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART Trustees: ' Frep M. Vinson, Chief Justice of the United States, Chairman. Dean C. AcHEson, Secretary of State. JOHN W. SNYDER, Secretary of the Treasury. ALEXANDER: WETMORE, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. SAMUEL H. Kress. FERDINAND: LAMMOT BELIN. DUNCAN -PHILLIPS. CHESTER DALE. PauL MELLON. President.—SaMvuEL H. Kress. Vice President.—FrrpINaNp LAMMOT BELIN. Secretary-Treasurer.—HuNTINGTON CAIRNS. Director.—Daviw E. FINuey. Administrator.—Harry A. McBrIpe. General Counsel.—HunTINGTON CAIRNS. Chief Curator.—JoHN WALKER. Assistant Director—MaccILL JAMES, NATIONAL COLLECTION OF FINE ARTS Direcitor.—THomas M. Brces. Curator of ceramics.—P: V. GARDNER. Exhibits preparators.—G. J. MARTIN, ROWLAND Lyon. Assistant librarian —ANNA M. LInK. FREER GALLERY OF ART Director—A. G. WENLEY. Assistant Director.—Joun A. Popr. Assistant to the Director.—BuRNS A. STUBBS. Associate in Near Eastern art.—RIcHARD WTTINGHAUSEN. Assistant in research.—HaroLp P. STERN. Research associate-——Gracr DUNHAM GUEST. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY Director.—MatTruEw W. STIRLING. Associate Director—FRank H. H. Roserrs, Jr. Senior ethnologists—H. B. Coitins, Jr., Joun P. HARRINGTON, W. N. FENTON. Collaborators—FrRaNCes DENSMORE, JOHN R. Swanton, A. J. WARING, Jr. Editor.—M. Herren PALMER. Assistant librarian.—Mir1aAM B. KetcHum., Scientific illustrator—E. G. SCHUMACHER. Archives assistant—Mar W. TucKER. INSTITUTE OF SocrtaL ANTHROPOLOGY.—G. M. Foster, Jr., Director. River Basin SuRvEYs.—F Rank H. H. Roserts, Jr., Director. SECRETARY’S REPORT INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE SERVICE Chief—D. G. WILLIAMS. NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK Director.—WILLIAM M. Mann. Assistant Director—HRNEST P. WALKER. Head Keeper—FRANK O. LOWE. ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY Director.—LoyauL B. ALDRICH. Assistant librarian.—MAarJorIe R. KUNZE. DIVISION oF ASTROPHYSICAL RESEARCH : Chief.—WILLIAM H. Hoover. Instrument makers.—ANDREW KRAMER, D. G. TALBERT, J. H. HARRISON. Research associate-—CHARLES G. ABBOT. DIVISION OF RADIATION AND ORGANISMS: Chief —R. B. W1ITHROW. Plant physiologists —LEoNARD Pricr, V. B. HustTaD, ALICE P. WITHROW. Chemist.—H MANUEL HoROWITZ. NATIONAL AIR MUSEUM Advisory Board: ALEXANDER WETMORE, Chairman. Mags. Gen. Donatp L. Purt, U. S. Air Force. Rear Ap. T. S. Comss, U.S. Navy. GROVER LOENING. WILLIAM B. Stout. Assistant to the Secretary for the National Air Museum.—CarL W. MITMAN. Curator.—P. HE. GARBER. Associate curators.—R. C. STROBELL, W. M. MALE. Museum aide.—WintTHROP S. SHAW. CANAL ZONE BIOLOGICAL AREA Resident Manager.—JAMES ZETEK. Ix REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE SMITH- SONIAN INSTITUTION ALEXANDER WETMORE FOR THE YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1951 To the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution: GENTLEMEN: I have the honor to submit herewith my report showing the activities and condition of the Smithsonian Institution and its branches during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1951. GENERAL STATEMENT The lengthy discussions and debates among both scientists and legislators that preceded the creation of the National Science Founda- tion, on May 10, 1950, are reminiscent of the ten-year deliberations more than a century ago that culminated in the establishment of the Smithsonian Institution. James Smithson, the English benefactor who bequeathed half a million dollars to the United States of America to found at Washington “an institution for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men,” had been dead 17 years before our Govern- ment decided what form the “institution” was to take or even to accept the gift. Finally, on August 10, 1846, President James K. Polk signed the bill that created the Smithsonian Institution, our first “national science foundation.” With that act, which was actively supported by John Quincy Adams, Joel R. Poinsett, and other science-minded leaders of the day, our Government formally recog- nized that science is a matter of national concern, and as a nation we committed ourselves to the Jeffersonian idea that science is a legitimate function of government. Today, in the wake of the atom bomb, no one dares question that concept. Present-day exigencies have forced us to recognize that there are certain types of scientific investigation which are essential to our national security and that these must not be left to haphazard and uncertain backing of private individuals and organizations, no ‘matter how worthy or well-meaning. They must be publicly and continuously financed so long as science continues to be so strategically integrated with our politics, economics, and social well-being. The statement that “this is the age of science” has taken on deeper and more somber implications. Ds ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 Throughout the 105 years since it was established, the Smithsonian Institution has seen and has been a part of the development of this national attitude toward science. It has witnessed and sometimes aided the establishment of many great and potent scientific agencies, such as the National Academy of Sciences, the National Research Council, the National Bureau of Standards, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, and others that came into being during World War II. The Institution itself has undergone many changes and vicissitudes: it has survived four major wars, several panics and depressions, and controversies that seemed important at the time. But its one continuing purpose has been, and is, to serve science—not merely American science but all science—in a way that its founder Smithson might have envisioned. It has endeavored not to compete but to serve as a sort of catalyst to complement and cooperate in the work of other agencies, Government and non-Government alike, and to support worthy projects that otherwise might languish. The unique character of its status—as a privately endowed institution and at the same time a ward of the United States Government—has given it a freedom of action backed by authority that has proved fortunate and has increased its usefulness. In the early days of its existence the Institution carried on its re- search programs largely by subsidizing the work of scientists not on its own staff and by publishing the results of their work. Sources of such aid to American scientists were then extremely limited, and the favor that this practice found can well be understood. Gradually, however, the activities of the Institution became channelized as they expanded, and “bureaus” grew up around the Institution, each with its own staff specializing in the work of its particular field. These are now ten in number, as follows: United States National Museum, National Gallery of Art (with separate board of trustees), National Collection of Fine Arts, Freer Gallery of Art, Bureau of American Ethnology, International Exchange Service, National Zoological Park, Astrophysical Observatory, National Air Museum, and Canal Zone Biological Area. Most of these branches are now supported by Government funds although remaining under Smithsonian direction. At present, nearly all the research and exploration of the Institution is done through these bureaus, notably the United States National Museum, the Bureau of American Ethnology, and the Astrophysical Observatory. Curtailment of the Government’s nondefense spending since the Korean crisis has prevented the Institution from proceeding with some of its long-term programs, such as the modernization of museum SECRETARY’S REPORT 3 exhibits, construction of urgently needed new buildings, and purchase of modern instruments and equipment for its laboratories. The de- mands made upon our buildings, as has been pointed out in previous reports, are little short of incredible: the annual number of visitors is rapidly approaching the 3,000,000 mark, and the increase of the collections in the’ fields of natural history, industry, history, and aeronautics has long since crowded all available storage space. It should be emphasized that the Institution has no desire to expand its activities inordinately or to add functions unjustified by normal de- mands. At the same time the public expects certain services from the: Federal Government, through the Smithsonian, in maintaining the priceless collections in the National Museum and in the art galleries under the Institution’s care and in making them available for exhibit and study. These are services that have long been entrusted to the Smithsonian; they fall in that category of activities aimed at the cultural and scientific advancement of all the people, and hence their support by Federal appropriations of funds is proper and justifiable. Smithsonian administrators, therefore, are duty bound to do every- thing in their power to obtain adequate support for the irreplaceable treasures in their custody, even in times of national emergency. In the pages that follow the director of each of the bureaus under Smithsonian direction presents his detailed report for the year (Ap- pendices 1-10). Included also are the reports of the Librarian and. the Chief of the Editorial Division (Appendices 11 and 12). THE ESTABLISHMENT The Smithsonian Institution was created by act of Congress in 1846, in accordance with the terms of the will of James Smithson, of England, who in 1826 bequeathed his property to the United States of America “to found at Washington, under the name of the Smithso- nian Institution, an establishment for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men.” In receiving the property and accepting the trust, Congress determined that the Federal Government was without authority to administer the trust directly, and, therefore, constituted an “establishment” whose statutory members are “the President, the Vice President, the Chief Justice, and the heads of the executive departments.” j THE BOARD OF RHGENTS There were no changes in the personnel of the Board of Regents during the year. One vacancy still exists in the class of citizen re- gents. The roll of regents at the close of the fiscal year, June 30, 4 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 1951, was as follows: Chief Justice Fred M. Vinson, Chancellor; Vice President Alben W. Barkley ; members from the Senate: Walter F. George, Clinton P. Anderson, Leverett Saltonstall; members from the House of Representatives: Clarence Cannon, J ohn M. Vorys, E. E. Cox; citizen members: Harvey N. Davis, Arthur H. Compton, Vannevar Bush, Robert V. Fleming, and Jerome C. Hunsaker. The regular annual meeting of the Board was held in the Regents’ Room on January 12, 1951. The Secretary presented his annual re- port covering the activities of the Institution and its bureaus, includ- ing the financial report of the Executive Committee, for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1950, and this was accepted by the Board. ‘The usual resolution authorized the expenditure by the Secretary of the income of the Institution for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1952. The Secretary announced that he would reach retirement age in June 1951 and brought to attention the question of the selection of a successor. Accordingly, the Chancellor appointed a Special Com- mittee to make recommendation in this connection. Dr. Wetmore agreed to serve until a successor had been chosen. Concerning the Gellatly art collection, the Secretary reported that under date of February 28, 1950, the office of the Attorney General informed the Institution that the Supreme Court had denied Mrs. Gellatly’s petition for a writ of certiorari to review the decision of the United States Court of Appeals. This long controversy of more than 20 years apparently has come to an end, with result favorable to the Smithsonian. On the evening of January 11, 1951, preceding the annual meeting, an informal dinner meeting of the Board was held in the Main Hall of the Smithsonian Institution, with the Chancellor, Chief Justice Fred M. Vinson, presiding. This occasion gave opportunity for mem- bers of the Smithsonian staff to make a fuller presentation of the scientific work of the Institution than was practicable at the regular meeting the next day. On May 3, 1951, a special meeting of the Board of Regents was held in the Regents’? Room with the Chancellor presiding, concerned with the operation of the Institution, including the extension of tenure of office of the Secretary. FINANCES A statement on finances, dealing particularly with Smithsonian pri- vate funds, will be found in the report of the Executive Committee of the Board of Regents, page 154. SECRETARY’S REPORT 5 APPROPRIATIONS Funds appropriated to the Institution for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1951, totaled $2,700,000, obligated as follows: TVA ear a er ny 2d gs $57, 322 United States National Museum____.____-__-_________ 781, 754 Bureau of American Hthnology__--____________________ 57, 297 Astrophysical Observatory___-_____----____-.--_---__- 127, 188 National Collection of Fine Arts_________-_____________ 48, 852 Nationak Airy Musenumilienae es see eee eee 182, 931 Canal Zone Biological Area____-__---__---__---_--_-_- 18, 000 International Exchange Service_______________________ 70, 388 Maintenance and operation of buildings______________ 927, 919 Generals SCT VICES ees ee ga ee 316, 483 Estimated: savings. 21 56 08 tee ee he Boe 11, 866 ALTIA IOUT Gh Ay Fe ue TN CE Sea a Ye 100, 000 Ly fo Ne a Te ee SUR 2,700, 000 Of this total $100,000 was impounded by the Bureau of the Budget through direction of the Congress. In addition, $1,170,000 was appropriated to the National Gallery of Art, a bureau of the Institution but administered by a separate board of trusteees; and $636,000 was provided in the District of Columbia appropriation act for the operation of the National Zoological Park. Besides these direct appropriations, the Institution received funds by transfer from other Federal agencies, as follows: : From the State Department, from the appropriation International Information and Educational Activities, 1951, a total of $92,740 for the operation of the Institute of Social Anthropology, including the issuance of publications resulting from its work. From the National Park Service, Department of Interior, $309,949 for archeological projects in connection with the River Basin Surveys. VISITORS Visitors to the Smithsonian buildings during the year 1950-51 to- taled 2,867,544, an all-time record of attendance and about a 10-percent increase over the previous year. July 1950 was the month of largest attendance, with 383,919 visitors; May 1951 was the next largest, with 362,443. A summary of attendance records for the five buildings is given in table 1. These do not include 3,460,400 visitors estimated at the National Zoological Park and 1,503,148 at the National Gallery of Art. 6 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 TABLE 1.—Visitors tothe Smithsonian buildings during the year ended June 30, 1951 Smith- Arts and Natural Ainecart Freer Year and month sonian Industries | History Building Gallery Total Building Building Building of Art ; 1950 Url ye eae EN 77, 651 189, 476 85, 020 23, 365 8, 407 383, 919 AU SUS Heo eae es 69, 703 170, 219 83, 630 20, 780 8, 104 352, 436 September.___.__------------- 45, 092 94, 608 53, 219 13,956 5, 836 202, 711 Octobers2Se2 Bese e ae stares 32, 806 77, 964 56, 120 14, 079 4, 404 185, 373 INovemmberno8 ee 2 ees 26, 995 59, 334 43, 146 10, 913 3, 510 143, 898 December aoe es 16, 224 32, 851 27, 448 7, 331 2, 281 86, 135 1951 TAMU Aye ea eee 18, 960 40, 600 31, 891 8, 912 2, 652 103, 015 MO DTUATY sess eee nena 23, 521 46, 924 39, 181 10, 936 3, 030 123, 592. DAY LES Ce) 0 aS 45, 016 102, 411 66, 355 18, 527 5, 047 237, 356 Aprils eee, Bese 2 oan 70, 480 160, 948 89, 012 23, 475 6, 919 350, 835 OY I a A 1 A a ae rarer aes 65, 533 169, 949 99, 362 21, 696 5, 963 362, 443. PLD bas aaa a soa es a 64, 129 158, 706 82, 742 23,452 6, 802 335, 831 Motel] eseenin cree laese 556,110 | 1,303, 990 757, 126 187, 423 62, 895 2, 867, 544 1 Building closed September 5 through 28, 1950, during installation of the Bell X-1. EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL JAMES ARTHUR LECTURE ON THE SUN In 1931 the Institution received a bequest from James Arthur, of New York, a part of the income from which was to be used for an annual lecture on some aspect of the study of the sun. The eighteenth Arthur lecture was delivered in the auditorium of the Natural History Building on March 22, 1951, by Dr. Walter Orr Roberts, astrophysicist and director of the High Altitude Observa- tory, Boulder, Colo. The subject of Dr. Roberts’s address was. “Stormy Weather on the Sun.” This lecture will be published in full in the General Appendix of the Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution for 1951. OPENING OF ADAMS-CLEMENT COLLECTION Exercises were held in the Arts and Industries Building on the afternoon of April 18, 1951, formally opening a collection of memo- rabilia of the Adams family given to the Institution on June 1, 1950, by Miss Mary Louisa Adams Clement, of Warrenton, Va., a descend- ant through her mother of John Adams, second President of the United States, and of John Quincy Adams, sixth President. The collection contains nearly 600 heirlooms pertaining to the Adamses. and their descendants, including 15 portraits by Gilbert Stuart, Ed- ward Dalton Morclend, Pieter van Huffel, Thomas H. Hull, Asher B. Durand, John “dhsenataptll and other oni sie) a good representation of period costumes and enelnr: china, SeeaTERS and silver; books. and family letters; and numerous miscellaneous items. The ehh. 1s, SECRETARY'S REPORT 7 one of the most important historically to come to the Institution in recent years. The portraits have been assigned to the National Col- lection of Fine Arts; the remaining objects to the Department of History, United States National Museum. At present those portions of the Adams-Clement Collection chosen for public display are ex- hibited in the west hall of the Arts and Industries Building. It is — expected that changes and substitutions in the exhibit will be made as the documentation of the specimens proceeds. The donor died on September 28, 1950, unfortunately before the formal opening of the collection. At the ceremonies the speakers were Mrs. Katharine Mc- Cook Knox, art historian; Maj. Gen. U. 8. Grant, 3d, president of the American Planning and Civic Association; Dr. Remington Kellogg, director of the United States National Museum; and Dr. Alexander Wetmore, Secretary of the Smithsonian Theciention! MHMORIAL GIFTS In memory of their mother, Alice Pike Barney (1860-1981), Wash- ington artist and civic leader, Natalie Clifford Barney and Laura Dreyfus-Barney have given the Institution a fund of $15,000 and also a collection of 224 paintings by Mrs. Barney, 54 pictures by other artists, and many sculptures and objects of art. The art material is to be used as the nucleus of a collecton for loan in the interests of art education in the United States and will be known as the Alice Pike Barney Loan Collection. The fund, to be known as the Alice Pike Barney Memorial Fund, will be used by the National Collection of Fine Arts to maintain the loan collection and to organize and circulate traveling art exhibitions in this country. Also received during the year was a bequest of $15,000 from the late George H. Stephenson, of Philadelphia, for the purpose of executing an appropriate memorial to Brig. Gen. William Mitchell (1879-1936), of military-aviation fame. Plans for the memorial are being insti- tuted through the National Air Museum. SUMMARY OF THE YEAR’S ACTIVITIES OF THE BRANCHES OF THE INSTITUTION National Museum.—The increment to the national collections, dis- tributed among the Museum’s six departments, this year aggregated more than 303,000 objects, bringing the catalog entries to a total of 32,617,298. Some of the year’s more noteworthy accessions included: In anthropology, fine collections of Colonial furniture and utensils, further archeological material from Neolithic sites in Honshu, Japan, and a collection of wooden objects representing the native culture of a village in northeastern New Guinea; in zoology, a large lot of mam- 971103—51——2 8 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 mals, birds, and marine invertebrates from Labrador and Newfound- land; several accessions of Central American birds; a comprehensive collection of fishes, crustaceans, mollusks, and miscellaneous inverte- brates from the Gulf of Mexico; several large and important collec- tions of insects, and several thousand marine invertebrates and shells from the vicinity of Point Barrow, Alaska; in botany, gifts of plants especially from Alaska, Honduras, Peri, México, Venezuela, and Colombia, and more than 16,500 plants received in exchanges with other institutions; in geology, 22 minerals heretofore unrepresented in the Museum, 7 meteorites, fossil invertebrates and plants from several important localities, and fossil vertebrate material from Panama and the western United States; in engineering and industries, a collection of historical electronic and electrical apparatus, a complete technical exhibit of the halftone process, and an exhibit telling the story of modern surgical sutures; and in history, a model of the battleship Missouri and the Adams-Clement Collection of memorabilia pertain- ing to the families of John Adams and John Quincy Adams. Members of the staff conducted field work in Cuba, Panama, Costa, Rica, Honduras, Colombia, South Africa and Southern Rhodesia, British North Borneo, Okinawa, Alaska, and many sections of the United States. The Museum issued 26 publications. National Gallery of Art.—Slightly more than one and a half million visitors were recorded at the Gallery for the year, about 684,000 less than for 1949-50. Accessions as gifts, loans, or deposits totaled 4,044, nearly 1,700 more than last year. On March 17, 1951, the Gallery cele- brated its tenth anniversary at a special opening of an exhibition of paintings and other works of art acquired since 1945 by the Samuel H. Kress Foundation. Over 24,000 invited guests attended. Eight special exhibits were held at the Gallery during the year. Special traveling exhibitions of prints from the Rosenwald Collection were circulated to eight galleries and museums in this country, and exhibi- tions from the “Index of American Design” were shown 55 times in 20 States and the District of Columbia. The volume on “The Index of American Design” was published and placed on sale during the year. Progress was made on the second volume of “Masterpieces of American Painting from the National Gallery of Art.” More than 37,000 persons attended the Gallery’s special tours and the “Picture of the Week” talks. The Sunday afternoon lectures in the auditorium and the Sunday evening concerts in the garden courts were continued. The Eighth Annual American Music Festival was held at the Gallery in April. National Collection of Fine Arts —The Smithsonian Art Commis- sion met on December 5, 1950, and accepted for the National Collection 15 paintings (part of the Adams-Clement gift to the Smithsonian Institution), 5 miscellaneous oil paintings, 50 miniatures by American SECRETARY'S REPORT 9 and foreign artists, and several items of Austrian, Dutch, French, Swedish, and Bohemian glass. Eight miniatures were acquired through the Catherine Walden Myer fund. A gift in memory of Alice Pike Barney (1860-1931), Washington artist, brought the In- stitution a collection of 278 paintings, to be used as the nucleus of a loan collection, and a fund of $15,000 to be used in maintaining the collection and in organizing and circulating traveling art-appreciation exhibits in this country. Sixteen special exhibits were held during the year, one of the most noteworthy being the Centennial Anniversary Exhibition of Paintings by Thomas Wilmer Dewing. Also of special interest was the opening, on February 23, of the Albert Pinkham Ryder Room of the John Gellatly Collection, exhibiting together the 17 Ryders in the collection. Freer Gallery of Art.—The Freer collections were enhanced by the accession of Chinese paintings, pottery, and bronzes; Japanese paint- ings; and Persian metalwork. The cleaning and restoration of the Whistler Peacock Room were completed, and the room was reopened to the public on October 18, 1950. The staff members devoted their time to the study of new accessions and of objects contemplated for purchase and to general research in the field of Oriental and Islamic art. Reports were made on 2,377 objects. Two members of the staff spent parts of the year pursuing research projects in other countries: John A. Pope studied Chinese porcelain collections in Tehran and Istanbul, and Dr. Richard Ettinghausen began a year’s trip to the Near East, studying in Egypt, Iran, Iraq, and Afghanistan. Vis- itors to the Gallery totaled 62,895 persons. The Gallery issued five publications during the year and assisted in the publication of the final number of Ars Jslamica, under Dr. Ettinghausen’s editorship. Bureau of American Ethnology—kEthnologists and archeologists on the Bureau staff continued their respective researches, Director Stirling in Panama, Dr. Collins in the Canadian Arctic, Dr. Harring- ton in Montana and México, and Dr. Fenton in New Mexico, Cali- fornia, and Montana. Dr. Frank H. H. Roberts, Jr., continued as director of the River Basin Surveys, a unit of the Bureau now in its sixth year of operation, and completed the collection of the first volume of River Basin Surveys papers. Since the beginning of the River Basin Surveys field work 2,894 archeological sites have been located and recorded, and 545 of these have been recommended for excavation or additional testing. This year’s excavation work covered 20 reser- voir areas in 10 States, with 26 excavating parties in the field. The Institute of Social Anthropology, an autonomous unit of the Bureau financed through transfer of funds from the Department of State, carried on its research and teaching programs in Brazil, Co- lombia, Guatemala, México, and Peru. 10 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 The archival material of the Bureau was enriched by the addition of the original catalog (in Powell’s handwriting) of the photographic negatives made on Maj. John W. Powell’s famous expedition down the Grand Canyon of the Colorado. International Fachange Service.—As the official agency for the ex- change with other countries of governmental, scientific, and literary publications, the Exchange Service handled 1,011,000 packages of such publications (total weight, 788,773 pounds) for transmission, or about the same as during the previous year. As last year, no ship- ments were made to China or Rumania, but consignments are moving to all other countries. The number of sets of United States official publications sent abroad in exchange for similar publications of other countries is now 102 (61 full and 41 partial sets). Eighty-five copies of the Federal Register and 92 of the Congressional Record are also sent abroad through the Exchange Service. National Zoological Park.—Vhis year brought the largest attend- ance in the history of the Zoo—an estimated total of 3,460,400 visitors, or at the average rate of more than 9,000 a day. At the close of the fiscal year, there were 2,813 animals in the Zoo collections, the ad- ditions during the year (1,768) almost exactly balancing the losses and removals (1,776). Among the more unusual accessions, some rep- resenting species never before shown in this Zoo, were 17 Santa Marta tinamous from Colombia; a splendid example of the black-headed python of Australia; a rare native wild goat from Crete; specimens of the large Meller’s chameleon from Africa; three-banded armadillos from central South America; and six Labrador lemmings. Im all, 217 creatures were born or hatched at the Zoo—62 mammals, 57 birds, and 98 reptiles. Astrophysical Observatory.—The Observatory continued its studies of solar radiation at its two high-altitude field stations at Table Moun- tain, Calif., and Montezuma, Chile. At Table Mountain a method is being developed for determining by spectrobolometric measurements the quantity of ozone in the upper atmosphere. The textile-exposure studies at the Montezuma station for the Office of the Quartermaster General were terminated in May. In cooperation with the Meteorolog- ical Division, Chemical Corps, at Camp Detrick, Md., some work was. done on the problem of improving the melikeron, an instrument de- veloped some years ago by the Observatory to measure outgoing ra- diation from earth to space. Two silver-disk pyrheliometers were constructed and furnished at cost, one to the Government of Israel and the other to the Air Force’s Research Laboratories at Cambridge, Mass. The division of radiation and organisms, following a 2-year period of setting up specialized equipment and facilities, and new electronic instruments, has begun a series of biochemical investiga- SECRETARY’S REPORT 11 tions of photomorphogenesis in green plants which promise interest- ing results. National Air Museum.—A number of outstanding accessions were received by the National Air Museum during the year. Foremost among these were the Bell X—1, the world’s first supersonic, man- carrying airplane, which has been installed on exhibit in the Aircraft Building; and a duplicate example of the world’s first successful super- sonic ram-jet engine and its rocket booster. In all, 99 specimens, including four full-sized aircraft, were recorded from 30 sources. Inasmuch as over two-thirds of the Air Museum’s collection of full- sized aircrait are in storage, providing and maintaining storage fa- cilities remain a serious problem; and toward the end of the year this became aggravated when the Museum was ordered to vacate its storage facility at Park Ridge, Ill., to make way for aircraft manu- facture. The National Air Museum Advisory Board met on June 28, 1951, with this problem a primary concern. During the year, by means of a special exhibit, shown first in the Navy Department and then in the Pentagon Building, the Museum marked the fortieth anni- versary of Naval Airplane Carrier Operations. Canal Zone Biological Area—Contract was let during the year for constructing a new laboratory building of modest design at the Barro Colorado Island station. Thirty-three scientists made use of the island’s facilities during the period, carrying on studies in various fields of biology. Some of the research projects under way are worth noting: An exhaustive study of the spiders of the region; a checklist of Barro Colorado Island birds; investigation of the population den- sity and social organization of the island’s howler monkeys; a study of the light-sensitive structures of animals; corrosion and deteriora- tion tests; and studies of fungi. The resident manager continued his long-term termite-resistance tests and his fruit-fly studies. PUBLICATIONS Throughout the entire history of the Smithsonian, publications have constituted the Institution’s principal medium for the “diffusion of knowledge,” one of the two basic functions of the organization as prescribed by James Smithson, the founder. The Institution issues eight regular series of publications and six others that appear less frequently. Embodying the results of researches of the Smithsonian staff and collaborators, these publications are distributed free to more than a thousand libraries, both here and abroad, as well as to a large list of educational and scientific organizations and specialists in var- ious fields. In all, 123,401 copies of Smithsonian publications were distributed this year. 12 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 During the past year, 61 publications appeared under the Smith- sonian imprint. Outstanding among these were Part 11 of “Birds of North and Middle America,” by Herbert Friedmann; another volume of “A Monograph of the Existing Crinoids,” by Austin H. Clark; volume 6 of the “Handbook of South American Indians” ; “The North- ern and Central Nootkan Tribes,” by Philip Drucker; and two mono- graphs of the Institute of Social Anthropology. A complete list of the year’s publications will be found in the report of the chief of the editorial division, appendix 12. Smithsonian tables.—It has long been the practice of the Institution to assist students and research workers by publishing compilations of tables useful in all kinds of technical, industrial, and scientific work. Since 1852, when the first edition of Prof. Arnold Guyot’s “Meteoro- logical and Physical Tables” was published by the Institution, thou- sands of copies of the Smithsonian tables have been distributed throughout the world. These volumes, which have fallen in four categories (meteorological, physical, mathematical, and geographi- cal), have been kept revised and reprinted as new data in these fields became available. During the present year, three volumes of these tables were in process: The sixth revised edition of the Smithsonian Meteorological Tables, prepared by Robert J. List, of the U. S. Weather Bureau, was ex- pected to be off the press before the end of the calendar year 1951. The manuscript for the ninth revised edition of the Smithsonian Physical 'Tables, compiled under the direction of Dr. W. E. Forsythe, of Cleveland, was completed during the year and submitted for print- ing estimates. The Institution accepted the manuscript for a new volume in the mathematical series: Smithsonian Logarithmic Tables, prepared by G. W. Spenceley, Rheba M. Spenceley, and E. R. Epperson, of Miami (Ohio) University. These tables present 23-decimal-place values of natural and common logarithms and will be published by the Institu- tion under a grant from the Research Corporation of New York. LIBRARY The library of the Institution received 52,685 publications during the year, mostly by gifts and through exchanges with other organiza- tions and institutions. The largest single gift of the year was in the field of philately—a. collection of about 500 books and periodicals pre- sented by Malcolm Macgregor, of Bronxville, N. Y., which were assigned to the philatelic sectional library in the Department of History. Statistics compiled by the librarian show that the staff entered 17,854 periodical parts, circulated 11,869 books and periodicals, ar- SECRETARY’S REPORT 13 ranged 465 new exchanges, cataloged 6,992 volumes and pamphlets, added 29,981 cards to shelflists and catalogs, transferred 19,016 pub- lications to the Library of Congress, prepared 1,250 volumes for binding, and repaired 1,300 volumes in the National Museum. At the close of the year the library’s holdings totaled 932,740 volumes (ex- clusive of incomplete volumes of serials and separates and reprints from serials). More than half of these are housed in the Library of Congress as the Smithsonian Deposit. Respectfully submitted. ALEXANDER Wermore, Secretary. APPENDIX 1 REPORT ON THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Str: I have the honor to submit the following report on the condi- tion and operations of the United States National Museum for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1951: BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT Construction began on the conversion of the southwest court in the Arts and Industries Building to a modern storage facility, and $80,295 was obligated from funds appropriated for this purpose. The sum of $47,013 was allotted for the construction of storage cases and drawers, and outside contracts were let for building the wooden frames for these; the mechanical shops of the Institution will cover the frames with sheets of thin steel. Steel racks to provide accessi- bility to the stacks of large-sized drawers, totaling about 3,500, are now being fabricated by the maintenance and operation division. COLLECTIONS More than 303,000 specimens were incorporated into the national collections and distributed among the six departments during the year, as follows: Anthropology, 15,396; zoology, 225,638; botany, 38,603 ; geology, 16,723 ; engineering and industries, 3,073; and history, 3,716. Most of the accessions were acquired as gifts from individuals or as transfers from Government departments and agencies. The complete report on the Museum, published as a separate document, includes a detailed list of the year’s acquisitions, of which the more important are summarized below. Catalog entries in all departments now total 32,617,298. It may be noted that the annual increment of specimens varies from a quarter to three-quarters of a million objects, depending upon the number of large collections obtained. Anthropology.—Household furniture, ceramics, glassware, pewter, wrought-iron and brass utensils, woodenware, folk paintings, em- broideries, and textiles used by residents of New England during the period 1630 to 1840, which had been assembled by Dr. and Mrs. Arthur M. Greenwood at Time Stone Farm, Marlborough, Mass., have now been added to the national collections. Another outstanding addition to the ceramic and cultural collections is the gift by Mrs. Lura 14 SECRETARY’S REPORT 15 Woodside Watkins of 314 earthenware utensils, which were excavated at 20 documented New England potteries in existence between 1687 and the late 1880’s. Colonial utensils and Indian artifacts from Kicotan, Va., one of the earliest English settlements in America, were presented by Alvin W. and Joseph B. Brittingham. From Maj. Howard A. MacCord, U.S. Army, 413 specimens of stone artifacts, pottery, and other materials from various Neolithic sites on the island of Honshu, Japan, were received. | Gen. and Mrs. David G. Barr and Patty Barr presented a black silk cape with fur collar and lining of golden-haired monkey skins, worn by a Manchu emperor. Lt. Col. Clifford Lee Smires gave a col- lection of wooden objects, including a ceremonial staff, wooden bowl, bamboo arrows, shell trumpet, decorated wooden drums, and carved and decorated wood utensils, which were obtained from the natives of a village near Aitape, northeastern New Guinea. Casts of fossil apelike hominoids from East Africa, one a replica of a nearly complete skull of Proconsul africanus and the other replicas of bones belonging to australopithecines, were presented by the American Institute of Human Paleontology and the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research. Zoology.—Six unusually fine chamois from the Bavarian Alps were presented by the collector, Capt. Kimberly Brabson, U. S. Army. Maj. Robert Traub, a member of the scrub-typhus unit organized by the United States Army Medical Service, forwarded 88 mammals from Malaya and 57 reptiles and amphibians from Selangor. More than 200 arboreal mammals, collected by Dr. H. C. Clark and associates in connection with research on jungle yellow fever at the Gorgas Memorial Laboratory in Panama and México, were presented to the division of mammals. Drs. Robert Rausch and Everett L. Schiller, Arctic Health Research Center, United States Public Health Service, transferred 58 Alaskan mammals. During the summer cruise of the Blue Dolphin, conducted by Commander David G. Nutt under the auspices of the Arctic Institute of North America, Charles O. Hand- ley, Jr., collected for the Museum 194 mammals and 201 birds from Labrador and Newfoundland; and to the national collections were also added approximately 1,500 marine invertebrates. Income from the W. L. Abbott bequest financed the ornithological field work of M. A. Carriker, Jr., in Colombia, and the Smithsonian private funds that of Dr. A. Wetmore and W. M. Perrygo in Panama. The Colombian collection comprised 3,480 bird skins, 53 skeletons, 2 sets of eggs, and 1 nest; the Panamanian, 526 bird skins, 6 skeletons, and 6 carcasses in alcohol. In addition, 393 bird skins from Denmark and 344 from British Columbia were purchased from private funds. Especially worthy of mention this year are the 453 skins and 29 skele- 16 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 tons of birds from South Africa and Southern Rhodesia, including 59 species new to the Museum, which were collected by Dr. Herbert Friedmann. Other accessions of importance were 28 bird skins from the South Australian Museum; 5 Pacific Island birds from Peabody Museum, Yale University; 117 skins of Portuguese East African birds from Museu Dr. Alvaro de Castro, Lourenco Marques; 188 Japanese bird skins from Col. L. R. Wolfe; 219 sets of eggs from Venezuela and Trinidad collected by Robert N. Berryman; and 692 skins, 35 sets of eggs, and 28 nests from Alaska transferred to the Museum through Dr. Laurence Irving by the Arctic Health Research Center, United States Public Health Service. Among the accessions worthy of note received by the division of reptiles and amphibians were 35 specimens from Korea presented by William E. Old, Jr.; 71 Indian reptiles, including two species of Uropeltis, from the School of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta, India; 70 reptiles and amphibians collected by Harry Hoogstraal, mostly in Kenya, Africa; and 15 reptiles and amphibians from Saudi Arabia, a gift of Set. Edward Murray. The fishery investigations conducted by Stewart Springer on the Fish and Wildlife Service vessel Oregon resulted in the transfer to the Museum of one of the most comprehensive collections of fishes, crustaceans, mollusks, and miscellanecus invertebrates ever made in the deeper waters of the Gulf of Mexico. As exchanges, there were received from the Applied Fisheries Laboratory; University of Wash- ington, through Drs. Lauren R. Donaldson and Arthur D. Welander, 144 fishes, including a number of types of new species, from the Marshall Islands; from Rhodes University College, through Dr. J. L. B. and Margaret M. Smith, 91 fishes from Knysna Estuary, Cape Province, South Africa; and from the University of Hawaii, through Dr. William A. Gosline, 43 Hawaiian fishes, including several types. While studying the poisonous fishes of Micronesia, Dr. Eugenie Clark made a collection of 3,730 fishes, which she presented to the division of fishes. The most important accessions received by the division of insects were transfers from the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, totaling 66,498 insects, of which 18,498 were derived from the Alaska insect project. The gift to the U.S. Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine by Dr. Albert R. Shadle of his lifetime collection of nearly 5,400 insects and transferred to the Museum, along with EKeger’s col- lection of bark beetles, and over 1,900 Egyptian insects obtained by Curtis Sabrosky, likewise enhanced the usefulness of the national col- lections. As a gift, the Museum acquired the collection of H. G. Barber, consisting of 32,151 bugs and beetles. SECRETARY’S REPORT 17 In the course of an ecological survey in the vicinity of Point Barrow, Alaska, Prof. G. E. MacGinitie, formerly director of the Arctic Re- search Laboratory, and Mrs. MacGinitie, assembled nearly 7,500 mis- cellaneous invertebrates and approximately 1,600 marine shells, and through their active interest these collections came te the Museum as a transfer from the Office of Naval Research. As gifts, the division of marine invertebrates received nearly 3,000 crayfishes and other fresh-water invertebrates collected in Indiana and the TVA region by Dr. Rendell Rhoades; 367 specimens of sponges, including 98 types, collected in Micronesia by Dr. M. W. de Laubenfels while participating in the scientific investigations spon- sored by the Pacific Science Board, National Research Council; and 437 miscellaneous invertebrates dredged off the west coast of Florida, a gift of Dr. J. Brookes Knight. A selected series of more than 5,000 copepods and other marine invertebrates were collected for the Mu- seum in Puget Sound, Wash., by Associate Curator Paul L. Illg. As an exchange with Dr. R. Zariquiey A., Barcelona, the Museum received a selected set of decapod crustaceans from the Mediterranean coast of Spain. Types and paratypes of a number of invertebrates were received as gifts. Most noteworthy of the 208 accessions received during the year by the division of mollusks were 275 marine forms from Malindi, pre- sented by the Kenya Colony Game Department, Nairobi, through R. Teague; nearly 2,000 land mollusks from Cuba, a gift from Sr. Oscar Acalde Ledon, of Cienfuegos; 604 land and fresh-water mollusks from Panama and Ecuador, transferred by Dr. James Zetek, Canal Zone Biological Area; 105 Japanese mollusks from the Zoological Institute, Kyoto University; and the types and paratypes of several recently described mollusks. Types of parasitic nematodes, annelids, trema- todes, and cestodes were received from several specialists. Several interesting echinoderms, including a specimen of Asterias vestita, described by Thomas Say in 1825 and not seen heretofore since then, were accessioned this year from the Institute of Fisheries Research, University of North Carolina. Botany—C. V. Morton, curator, division of ferns, collected 2,610 plants in Honduras and 851 in West Virginia and Michigan for the National Herbarium. Justice William O. Douglas presented a col- lection of 134 mounted plants from Lebanon, and 825 plants obtained in Alaska and the Aleutian Islands by Dr. Louis H. Jordal were trans- ferred from the Office of Naval Research, Department of the Navy. Other gifts included 2,234 plants from the Museo de Historia Natural “Javier Prado,” Lima, Peri; 662 Mexican plants from the University of Washington; and 522 Venezuelan plants from Brother Ginés. As exchanges, the National Herbarium received 16,645 specimens, of 18 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 which 1,814 were from the Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Bogota, Colombia; 1,509 were from Gray Herbarium, collected in Newfound- land and eastern United States; 1,043 from the California Academy of Sciences, collected in California and western United States: 795 Canadian Arctic plants from the Department of Agriculture, Ottawa; 595 from the New York Botanical Garden, collected in Kashmir; 1,273 Hawaiian and Pacific Islands plants from the Bernice P. Bishop Museum; and 689 southern Brazilian plants from Fundacion Miguel Lillo, Tucuman, Argentina. Geology.—Twenty-two minerals hitherto unrepresented were added to the mineralogical collection, of which three were received as gifts and nineteen were acquired through exchange. The 13 specimens of euclase from Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil, purchased under the Roebling fund, comprise some of the finest known specimens of this mineral. ‘The Canfield bequest provided the funds for the purchase of vanadinite crystal groups from México, two Bra- zilian tourmaline crystals, a large and perfectly formed manganotani- lite and simpsonite from Brazil, proustite crystals from Chile, a fine group of quartz crystals from Japan, and an opalized cedar cone from Nevada. : An unusual 71.20-carat aquamarine from Ceylon was purchased under the Chamberlain fund for the gem collection, and a very fine 110.8-carat pink tourmaline from Manchuria under the Roebling fund. A collection of Japanese cultured pearls, consisting of 2 strands and 395 individual pearls, were received as a gift from K. Mikimoto & Co., Ltd. Other additions to the collection included uranium and vana- dium ores from Utah; chrome ores from Pakistan; manganese ores from India; and tin and tungsten ores from Burma. The meteorite collection again benefited by the continuing interest of Dr. Stuart H. Perry, who donated seven meteorites, one of which was an iron recently found at Mayodan, N. C., weighing 15.46 kilo- grams. A small sample of the Maziba, Uganda, Africa, meteorite was presented by John S. Albanese. Many noteworthy specimens of fossil invertebrates and plants came to the division of invertebrate paleontology and paleobotany as gifts, including 719 slides of types of Mesozoic and Cenozoic ostracods and Foraminifera from Dr. C. I. Alexander; 20 holotype and paratype Tertiary Foraminifera from P. Bronnimann; 1,000 upper Miocene invertebrates from 8. E. Crumb; 200 Triassic invertebrates from the European Alps, presented by Dr. Franco Rasetti; 600 British Paleo- zoic and Mesozoic invertebrates from Alwyn Williams; and 900 late Tertiary plants from Credo, Colo., presented by the late Belle K. Stewart. More than 100 Mississippian and Pennsylvanian crinoids from Ok- Jahoma were purchased under the Springer fund from Harrell L. SECRETARY'S REPORT 19 Strimple. As in previous years, the income from the Walcott fund financed paleontological field work which resulted in the acquisition of additional invertebrate fossil materials by Dr. G. Arthur Cooper and W. T. Allen from western Texas and by Dr. Cooper from Virginia and Tennessee. Transfers from the United States Geological Survey include, among others, upper Paleozoic invertebrates from the Brooks Range of Alaska, fresh-water mollusks, and ammonites. Exchanges brought to the Museum seeds of Tertiary plants from Germany; lower Ordovi- cian brachiopods from Norway ; Cretaceous and Tertiary Forminifera from Sweden, France, Italy, Algeria, and Cuba; Permian fusulinid Foraminifera from Tunisia; and Jurassic and Recent Foraminifera from Germany. Material sufficient for the mounting of a skeleton of the giant ground sloth, Megatheriwm, which was excavated by Dr. C. L. Gazin and Franklin Pearce in Panama, constitutes the most noteworthy ad- dition to the vertebrate fossil collection. Beautifully preserved mid- dle Eocene fish were found in the Green River shales of Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming by Dr. D. H. Dunkle and Franklin Pearce. ‘The field work in Panama and that on fossil fishes was financed from the income of the Walcott fund. Some 80 fossil mammals from the Wind River Eocene of Wyoming and from the Oligocene of Montana and North Dakota, collected by Dr. T. E. White and transferred to the Museum by River Basin Surveys, deserve special mention. Engineering and industries —The section of wood technology re- ceived 345 samples of woods of Surinam by exchange from the Hout Instituut, Netherlands. In textiles, 407 wooden blocks used as braid- ing and embroidery patterns in the nineteenth century were presented by Edna Plummer, and 15 coverlet drafts of the period 1881-53 by Lelah Allison. E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc., prepared and presented an exhibit showing the manufacture, properties, and ver- satility of nylon yarn. The National Bureau of Standards transferred a collection of 155 pieces of historical electronic and electrical apparatus, including a radiosonde and a radiosonde transmitter. Early electrical measuring instruments developed by Europeans and Americans were presented by the Weston Electrical Instrument Corp. The American Screw Co. donated 13 inventors’ models and machines illustrating the develop- ment of wood-screw-making machinery in the transition from hand- ted, individually operated machines to the hopper-fed, semiautomatic machines. The most important accession by the division of graphic arts was a gift from the Sun Chemical Corp., through the Lithographers Na- tional Association, of 23 lithographs of the Fuchs and Lang collection of historical lithographs. A complete technical exhibit of the half- 20 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 tone process was presented by R. R. Donnelley & Sons Co. The section of photography accessioned a collection of 71 fine pictorial photo- graphs made by members of the American Society of Photographic Art and representing work in control process printing by many noted photographers. An exhibit entitled “The Story of Modern Surgical Sutures,” do- nated by Davis & Geck, Inc., depicts in full color the development of sutures from their source through the various stages of manufac- turing, research, and testing into actual use in the operating room. History—The Adams-Clement collection, the gift of the late Mary Louisa Adams Clement, of costumes, jewelry, portraits, silverware, china, books, and papers belonging to the families of John Adams and John Quincy Adams, constitutes the most important accession received by the division of civil history. The naval collections were increased by the deposit by the Depart- ment of the Navy of scale models of the battleship Mtssourd, the cruiser Brooklyn of the Spanish-American War period, an LSM and an LCI. The medal press and tools used by Edward Stabler, diesinker and seal engraver of Sandy Spring, Md., 1794-1883, were acquired by the division of numismatics as a gift from Mrs. Maurice J. Stabler. Recently issued stamps, totaling some 900 in number, were trans- ferred to the division of philately by the Universal Postal Union and the United States Post Office Department. EXPLORATION AND FIELD WORK Following the conclusion of the conference convened by the Cuban Ministry of Education at Habana on problems of Caribbean archeol- ogy and ethnology, H. W. Krieger visited several historical Taino Indian village sites, notably Vigia and Barajagua, in the province of Oriente, eastern Cuba. On June 14, Dr. Waldo R. Wedel was detailed to the Smithsonian River Basin Surveys to supervise the excavation of a stratified Arikara village site near Pierre, S. Dak. In connection with his studies on distribution and variation in the bird life of southern Central America and northern South America, Dr. Alexander Wetmore, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, made his seventh expedition to the Republic of Panama, accompanied by W. M. Perrygo of the U. S. National Museum. The men located at the beginning of March on Cerro Campana, the first mountain of size found to the west of the depression through which the Panama Canal crosses the Isthmus. The work here served to extend the known range of a number of mountain forms of birds from Veraguas and Chiriqui to this southern outpost of the great mountain chain that comes down through Central America. Additional collections were made from El] Valle in the Province of Coclé, where forest still remains SECRETARY’S REPORT 21 on mountain shoulders around the valley. The field studies terminated at the beginning of April, when administrative matters recalled Dr. Wetmore to Washington. Under the income of the W. Li Abbott fund, M. A. Carriker, Jr., continued ornithological collections in hae hen Colombia from De- -cember to the end of the fiscal year. The work this season extended into the difficult and poorly known area of the western slopes of the Chocé in the northwestern part of the country. From Buenaventura Mr. Carriker went to the lower Rio San Juan where he made important collections at Punto Muchimbo. On January 19 he moved to Nuqui, on the Pacific coast at the mouth of the Rio Nuqui, and later continued inland to a base at the highest point to be reached by canoe travel in the foothills of the Baud6é Mountains. His collections covered the area from the river to the crest of the range. Maps of the region are incorrect, as the altitudes are lower than recorded and the summit is a narrow steep-sided ridge without extensive level ground. In March Mr. Carriker traveled farther north to Jurubida where again he lo- cated inland at the end of canoe navigation whence he had access to the Baudé range. The work here terminated early in April, and the party returned to Medellin. The latter part of the season was devoted to the region in the vicinity of Sonson near the Rio Magdalena. The collections made this year represent more than 400 species of birds, a number of forms being new to the National Museum series. Grants from the Guggenheim Foundation, the American Philo- sophical Society, and special research funds of the Smithsonian Insti- tution enabled Dr. Herbert Friedmann to devote 5 months to a study of the habits and life histories of the honey-guides and parasitic weaverbirds in South Africa and Southern Rhodesia. At the request of the U.S. Army Medical Department Graduate School, Dr. David H. Johnson was detailed to accompany a medical research unit en- gaged in an intensive study of the mammalian and other hosts involved in the transmission of scrub typhus, and part, at least, of this field study will be carried on in the vicinity of Mount Kinabalu, British North Borneo. Under a cooperative arrangement with the Office of Naval Research, Dr. Henry W. Setzer departed from Washington for the Arctic Research Laboratory at Point Barrow, Alaska, on June 3 to make an ecological survey during the summer months of the mam- mals inhabiting the Arctic slope of Alaska. O.L. Cartwright made an intensive study of the insect fauna in the vicinity of the Inter-Amer- ican Institute at Turrialba, Costa Rica. During March and April, C. V. Morton was the guest of the Escuela Agricola Panamericana, of the United Fruit Co., located at El Zamorano in a mountain valley some 25 miles from Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Collecting trips for ferns were made to the cloud forest 22 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 on the summit of Mount Uyuca and to other areas in the departments of Moraz4n and El Paraiso. While collecting in the cloud-forest area of the San Juancito Mountains, Mr. Morton was the guest of the New York and Honduras Rosario Mining Co. Another longer trip was made to Lake Yojoa, in the departments of Santa Barbara and Cortés, and to the mountains near Siquatepeque, Comayagua. On __ May 31 Dr. E. H. Walker departed from Washington for Okinawa in response to a request made to the Pacific Science Board, National Research Council, by the Department of the Army for the assignment of a botanist to make a 4-months’ study of the flora of the Ryukyu Islands. The program of investigations undertaken by the department of geology and financed for the most part from income of the Walcott bequest, involved field work in Alaska, California, Utah, Wyoming, Colorado, Texas, Virginia, Tennessee, and Panama. Dr. George S. Switzer completed field studies relating to the genesis of iron ores in the Iron Springs district of southwestern Utah. During the early part of the summer of 1950, Dr. G. Arthur Cooper and W. T. Allen continued field work on the Wolfcamp formation, the lowest portion of the Permian beds in the Glass Mountains of west Texas. Later in the summer Dr. Cooper visited Blacksburg, Va., where, accom- panied by Dr. B. N. Cooper, of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute, he spent several days collecting Ordovican fossils from the Catawba Valley section. Subsequently a thick sequence of Ordovician rocks was examined by Dr. Cooper and Dr. R. B. Neuman, of Gatlinsburg, Tenn., during a brief visit to the west side of the Great Smoky Moun- tains. Under a contract between the Office of Naval Research and the Smithsonian Institution, Dr. A. R. Loeblich, Jr., assembled a large collection of living Arctic foraminiferal faunas near Point Bar- row, Alaska, during the summer of 1950. With the assistance of Max B. Payne, of Bakersfield, Calif., Dr. Loeblich, late in April and in May 1951, obtained foraminiferal samples from the Moreno and Panoche formations in Fresno County, Calif., and with Dr. Edward Bailey, of the U. S. Geological Survey, in the Franciscan series in Santa Clara County, Calif. In the summer of 1950, Dr. D. H. Dunkle and F. L. Pearce made careful stratigraphic collections of fossil plants, invertebrates, fishes, and mammals in the Green River shales of Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming. Early in 1951, Dr. C. L. Gazin and his assistant, F. L. Pearce, returned to the interior of western Panama to continue with the investigation of the Pleistocene fauna of that area. Most of the skeletal remains excavated belonged to the giant ground sloth, Megatherium, but, in addition, fragmentary remains were found of a peceary, a giant armadillo, and a bird. The field work in Panam&é SECRETARY’S REPORT 23. this year was restricted to large springs near the town of Pesé. As in the previous year, the expedition was carried on in cooperation with the Panamanian Government, and in particular with the Museo Nacional de Panama. | At the invitation of Dr. George Crile, Jr., Mendel L. Peterson, associate curator of military and naval history, during the first two weeks of June 1951 participated in the investigation of ships wrecked during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries off the Florida Keys. Two boats equipped with air compressors for use with diving equip- ment and a large water pump attached to a jet hose for clearing sand from objects found on the sea bottom were utilized in this underwater exploration. Many interesting relics from one British ship, including iron cannon barrels, 6- and 12-pound shot, fragments of Chinese porce- lain and pottery, pieces of rum bottles, clay pipes, and remnants of a silver-trimmed jar, were brought to the surface. VISITORS An increase of 246,340 visitors to the Museum buildings was re- corded over the previous year, the totals being 2,617,226 for 1951 and 2,370,886 for 1950. July 1950 was the month of the largest attendance with 352,147 visitors; May 1951 was the next largest with 334,844. Attendance records for the three buildings show the following num- bers of visitors: Smithsonian Building, 556,110; Arts and Industries Building, 1,303,990; Natural History Building, 757,126. The average daily number of visitors was 7,190. During the past 10 years more than 19,445,000 visitors have viewed the exhibits in these three buildings. CHANGES IN ORGANIZATION AND STAFF On October 30, 1950, Dr. Clifford Evans, Jr., whose particular field of interest is Latin America, was appointed associate curator in the division of archeology. After 42 years of association with the institution, Austin H. Clark retired from active service as curator of the division of echinoderms on December 31, 1950. During his incumbency the collection of echino- derms grew to be the largest, and, except for east Atlantic and Med- iterranean areas, by far the most representative in the world. Charles O. Handley, Jr., was appointed assistant curator in the division of mammals on November 28, 1950. After being associated with the National Herbarium for 32 years, Ellsworth P. Killip, head curator since the organization of the de- partment of botany, retired at his own request on September 30, 1950, and to this vacancy Jason R. Swallen, who had served as curator, 971103—51——_3 24 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 division of grasses, was promoted on December 10, 1950. Other changes in that department were the resignation of Dr. George A. Llano, associate curator, division of eryptogams, on February 8, 1951, and the appointment of Dr. Ernest R. Sohns as associate curator, division of grasses, on June 1, 1951. Arthur L. Bowsher, SERS EI curator, division of invertebreds paleontology and syalles boar, returned to the Museum rolls on August 1, 1950, from temporary transfer to the U. S. Geological Sur- vey for special stratigraphic and paleontologic studies in the Mississippian rocks of northern Alaska in connection with exploration for oil in Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4. On June 21, 1951, the department of engineering and industries lost by retirement Fred C. Reed, associate curator in charge of the sections of manufactures and agricultural industries, after 28 years of service. Charles Carey, acting head curator, department of history, re- tired at his own request on November 30, 1950, after 30 years of government service. Mrs. Catherine L. Manning, assistant curator, division of philately, retired January 31, 1951, after 27 years in that division, having reached the statutory age limit. Franklin R. Bruns, Jr., philatelic staff columnist for the New York World Telegram and Sun, was appointed on February 9, 1951, to succeed Mrs. Manning. Respectfully submitted. Remineron Ketuoce, Director. Dr. A. Wermore, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. APPENDIX 2 REPORT ON THE NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART Sir: I have the honor to submit, on behalf of the Board of Trustees, the fourteenth annual report of the National Gallery of Art, for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1951. This report is made pursuant to the: provisions of section 5 (d) of Public Resolution No. 14, Seventy-fifth Congress, first session, approved March 24, 1937 (50 Stat. 51). ORGANIZATION The statutory members of the Board of Trustees of the National Gallery of Art are the Chief Justice of the United States, the Secre- tary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, and the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, ex officio. The five general trustees con- tinuing in office during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1951, were Samuel H. Kress, Ferdinand Lammot Belin, Duncan Phillips, Chester Dale, and Paul Mellon. The Board of Trustees held its annual meeting on May 1, 1951. Mr. Kress was reelected President and Mr. Belin Vice President, to serve for the ensuing year. Donald D. Shepard continued to serve during the year as Adviser to the Board. All the executive officers of the Gallery continued in office during the year: Huntington Cairns, Secretary-Treasurer. David E. Finley, Director. Harry A. McBride, Administrator. Huntington Cairns, General Counsel. John Walker, Chief Curator. Macgill James, Assistant Director. The three standing committees of the Board, as constituted at the annual meeting on May 1, 1951, were as follows: EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Chief Justice of the United States, ex officio, Fred M. Vinson, Chairman. Samuel H. Kress, Vice Chairman. Ferdinand Lammot Belin. Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, Dr. Alexander Wetmore. Paul Mellon. 25 26 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 FINANCE COMMITTEE Secretary of the Treasury, ex officio, John W. Suyder, Chairman. Samuel H. Kress, Vice Chairman. Ferdinand Lammot Belin. Chester Dale. Paul Mellon. ACQUISITIONS COMMITTEE Samuel H. Kress, Chairman. Ferdinand Lammot Belin, Vice Chairman. Dunean Phillips. Chester Dale. | David E. Finley, ex officio. On June 30, 1951, the Government employees on the staff of the National Gallery of Art numbered 308, which is the same number as on June 30, 1950. The United States Civil Service regulations govern the appointment of employees paid from appropriated public funds. APPROPRIATIONS For the fiscal year ended June 30, 1951, the Congress of the United States appropriated for the National Gallery of Art the sum of $1,179,000 to be used for salaries and expenses in the operation and upkeep of the Gallery, the protection and care of works of art acquired by the Board of Trustees, and all administrative expenses incident thereto as authorized by section 4 (a) of Public Resolution No. 14, Seventy-fifth Congress, first session, approved March 24, 1937 (50 Stat. 51). Of this appropriation $25,000 was reserved under section 1214 of the General Appropriation Act 1951, Public Law No. 759, Highty-first Congress, approved September 6, 1950, by the terms of which the Bureau of the Budget was required to save a total of $550,000,000 from the funds included in the general appropriation bill for the fiscal year 1951. Of the available balance of $1,154,000 the following expenditures and encumbrances were incurred : IPersonalleySe@rva Ces 26a nice ie aa Stale anv $1, 004, 628. 36 Printing ands reproduchioneee 22 aires We ee eae 8, 335. 41 Supplies; equipment, etesss sea eis Se 140, 976. 59 WUnobligated balancesevaa sk eke a ee aes Sane 59.64 SA 0 Geen Mo LN aE aS ER UO LS ne VO 1, 154, 000. 00 In the fiscal year 1950, the National Capital Sesquicentennial Com- mission transferred $25,000 to the Gallery to be used for expenses in- curred in connection with the “Makers of History in Washington, 1800-1950” exhibition which ran for the period from June 29, 1950, to November 19, 1950. A total of $23,868.94 was spent on the exhibition, and the balance of $1,131.06 was returned to the United States Treas- SECRETARY'S REPORT 27 ury Department for the account of the National Capital Sesquicen- tennial Commission. ATTENDANCE There were 1,503,148 visitors to the National Gallery of Art during the fiscal year 1951—a daily average of 4,141. From March 17, 1941, when the National Gallery of Art was opened to the public, to June 30, 1951, the number of visitors totaled 18,761,417. TENTH ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATION On March 17, 1951, the tenth anniversary of the opening of the National Gallery of Art, a special night opening was held from 9 until midnight, and on that occasion an exhibition of paintings and sculpture and Renaissance bronzes acquired by the Samuel H. Kress Foundation from 1945 to 1951 was placed on view for the first time. The number of guests attending was 24,350. ACCESSIONS There were 4,044 accessions by the National Gallery of Art, as gifts, loans, or deposits, during the fiscal year. Most of the paintings and a number of the prints were placed on exhibition. PAINTINGS On October 17, 1950, the Board of Trustees accepted a painting, “Portrait of a Man,” attributed to Justus Sustermans, from Mrs. Charles Baird and Mrs. Gerhard H. Dieke. The Board on December 6, 1950, accepted four paintings: “Madonna and Child with Saint Peter and Saint Stephen,” Sienese School, c. 1400, and “Portrait of a Man with a Dog” by Cariani, from Samuel L. Fuller; “Thomas Paine” by Jarvis, from Miss Marian B. Maurice; and an anonymous gift of a portrait of Chief Justice Fred M. Vinson by Thomas E. Stephens. The Board accepted three paintings on May 1, 1951: from Mrs. Albert J. Beveridge, “Madame Dietz-Monin” by Degas; from the estate of Mrs. Julia Marlowe Sothern, a portrait of Mrs. Sothern by Irving R. Wiles; and from Mrs. Richard Southgate, “A Scholar of Merton College, Oxford” by Joseph Highmore. At the same time the Board accepted from the estate of Sam A. Lewisohn “The Bathers” by Gauguin, “Oarsmen at Chatou” by Renoir, and “Mending the Harness” by Ryder. During the year the Board received “Woman with a Cat” by Renoir from Mrs. Benjamin HE. Levy. DECORATIVE ARTS The Board of Trustees on May 1, 1951, accepted a Gobelins tapestry representing Apollo and Daphne from Lewis Einstein. 28 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 ' PRINTS AND DRAWINGS On October 17, 1950, the Board of Trustees accepted from David Keppel an engraving, “Portrait of Gellius de Bouma, Minister at -Zutphen,” by Cornelis Visscher. The Board on December 6, 1950, accepted 1,295 Historical Portrait Prints from Lessing J. Rosenwald. On the same date the Board approved the addition of 46 etchings by Alphonse Legros to the gift by George Matthew Adams of prints and drawings by Legros and other works of art. On December 6, 1950, the Board accepted 295 prints and drawings and again on December 28, 1950, 779 prints and drawings from Lessing J. Rosenwaid to be added to his gift to the Gallery; and also during February the Board received from Mr. Rosenwald 10 old-master drawings from the Liechtenstein Collection. The Board on May 1, 1951, accepted an engraving of a portrait of Augustus Stellingwerf, First Lord Admiral of Friesland, by Blooteling after van der Helst, from David Keppel, and a collection of 14 prints of historical portraits from Hermann Wunderlich. EXCHANGE OF WORKS OF ART An October 17, 1950, the Board of Trustees accepted the offer of Lessing J. Rosenwald to exchange the Delacroix etching “Rencontre de Cavaliers Maures” for a superior impression of the same work; and on December 6, 1950, the Board also accepted Mr. Rosenwald’s offer to exchange a Renoir etching, “La Danse 4 la Campagne,” for a superior impression of the same work. WORKS OF ART ON LOAN During the fiscal year 1951 the following works of art were received on loan by the National Gallery of Art: From Artist Mrs. Robert Brookings, Washington, D. C.: isabel WV alléngivi. ae Ore tre Air sabe hy yee cl Sargent. Chester Dale, New York, N. Y.: Nude) witli edi siia inv ewniea ecu age kae eu cealoneaea Bellows. ROGLTalt Ob a Waive ome penis wal Meenas Leo a Antonis Mor. SIP RObEeNt MisbOl seats ae ey ets eae ke eo inane oe Mae Stuart. Samuel L. Fuller, New York, N. Y.: Portraitiof agliady wo) A yen Phe Atte soley Salviati. Madonnatand: Chil desi it ane fae eb ce eal aan Sienese School, Early XIV Century. Portraitsof a 7lVilepa le ns iegca Masleliae ae teen toh a em Spanish School. Portrait, of a Man‘and "Boy! 228? .\ 25 27 oe Pa) Tintoretto. William H. Jeffreys, New York, N. Y.: he Jetirey Ss) h amailiy. 2c ase wanna semen a aad Hogarth. ‘SECRETARY’S. REPORT 29 From Artist Samuel H. Kress Foundation, New York, N. Y.:° : The Expectant Madonna with Saint Joseph___-_- . Amiens, School of. the Adorationjofthe Magi. 2.242.225 2 ee 2s Angelico, Fra; and Lippi, if Fra Filippo. Portrait of a Young Lute Player_-__.--_-------- Bacchiacca. Daphne Found Asleep by Apollo___----------- Bartolommeo di Giovanni. DaphnerKlecing from Apollo. -222- Bartolommeo di Giovanni. Portrait of a Man of Letters____.____.__-_-___-- Bassano, Jacopo. An Episode from the Life of Publius Cornelius Bellini, Giovanni. Scipio. - i Portrait of a Bearded Man_______-__--------- Bellini, Giovanni. Hntranéestova Palace. 2246 cobeenth ay poste Bellotto, Bernardo. SaingeAnthony, Abbots. 22... ue 7 oda eer Benaglio, Francesco. IDASCSONGOMMOUTABORG! 2.2 ye a Benvenuto di Giovanni. Death and) the Miser.__:ifs Lug - ta seilel =... Bosch, Hieronymus. RhenVvancm Adoring, Her Child #72 ee 2) Sunes Botticelli. Queen); Christinaofi Sweden _____-.--1-- 22 22822 Bourdon, Sebastien. The Resurrection of Lazarus____-____--------- Bramantino. yhewGarmering on Manna) 2022 le eee Bramantino. The Apparition of Christ among the Apostles___ Bramantino. Madonna and Child with the Infant Saint John Bronzino, Agnolo. the Baptist. Landscape with the Temptation of Saint Anthony Bruegel, Pieter, the Elder. Abbot. Landscape with the Martyrdom of Saint Bruegel, Pieter, the Elder. Catherine of Alexandria. itheweiazzettamnywenicesss25 20 2 Canaletto. MeBacinondiiSan Marcos! /- 2222228 ee Canaletto. Wandseapesser vac VERO vie ee Carracci, Annibale. Venus Adorned by the Graces_______---------- Carracci, Annibale. The Dream of Saint Catherine of Alexandria____ Carracci, Lodovico. Orme rao ree leRg la a ea eee Champagne, Philippe de. Wing Anema Wieden eo ee Chardin, Jean-Baptiste- Siméon. APVGVS TRG Heo ove Tay TAY ya Lo A et al eh Chardin, Jean-Baptiste- Siméon. RSET, JUS U AS Nea a1) Cr DR MIAN gs ea CE ps Chardin, Jean-Baptiste- Siméon. AMMDonomandseisi Waites. ss. aan ee ee Christus, Petrus. Madonna and Child with Two Angels_-_-----=-- Cimabue, School of. Landscape with Merchants_-.-----_-.-_-___-- Claude Lorrain. Madonna and @hild'é 0. ose ee nih. Sy eee Cranach, Lueas, the Elder. Madonna and Child Enthroned, Surrounded by Daddi, Bernardo. Angels and Saints. The Presentation and Marriage of the Virgin, Diana, Benedetto. Annunciation. Portrait ota Clergyman.._ 200s) Jules i Be Diirer, Albrecht. Madonna and Child Rev., Lot and His Diirer, Albrecht. Daughters. Dona Polyxena Spinola Guzman de Leganes__-. Dyck, Sir Anthony van. 30 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 From Artist Samuel H. Kress Foundation, New York, N. Y.—Continued Portrait;of a Mane. 3000 drain alae Saree Emilian Master, XV Century. The Assumption of the Virgin-_..__-_-__-----_ Fei, Paolo di Giovanni. Madonna and Child with Saint Francis_________ Florentine School, e: 1440. Portrait ofa Ladyest. 3.00) oe vale ed Florentine School, c. 1475. Saint Anmthonyof Padua. =) 2 n2 So Po ie Foppa, Vincenzo. Altobello Averoldo of Brescia___..--__--__---- Francia, Francesco. Madonna in Glory with Infant Christ__________ Garofalo. he) Coronation of the) Virgina 2 fos Ghirlandaio, Domenico. The Peruzzi Altarpiece_.._._.._._._-.-._---_-i-2- Giotto and Assistants. Crucifixion with Scenes from the Passion and Giotto, School of. from the Life of John the Baptist. Saint. Jerome Penitents 8 het a ea Gossaert, Jan (Mabuse). Dance of Salome and Beheading of Saint John Gozzoli, Benozzo. the Baptist. Lhe Adorationjof the Magi. 0 ete Hispano-Dutch Master, Late XV Century. The Marriagevat@ana eo a) ee a Hispano-Flemish Master. Christ among; the Doctors: 229): 24isiioa 2 Hispano-Flemish Master. Monsieur ‘Marcottes) atau ae pnts ed Ingres, Jean-Auguste Do- minique. Pope Pius VII in the Sistine Chapel___________ Ingres, Jean-Auguste Do- minique. Madonna and Child Enthroned_______________ Jacopo del Casentino. The Picniciatter the Munt2. oo. 25 2.2050! eens Lancret, Nicolas. A rench Interiors sa cn ita Sy ss ei Le Nain, Louis. Portraitiof a, Young wady2 282 eo Leonardo da Vinci Studio. Saint: Jerometin Mis Study.. 25 22 ee es Lippi, Filippino. Saint; Jérome .-cawte eG a ena: Lotto, Lorenzo. Christ Blessingseeci V2 Clin oel seas Wl Luca di Tomme. The: Christ; Child; Blessings 3. uae Mantegna, Andrea. Rortraitvoti a: Mamas kcal una a sae scr Mantegna, Andrea. A Miracle of Saint? Benedict. 2 42252222222 Marmion, Simon, Studio of. Portrait iofragMiamsc aes sole Ie esd uo. Master of the Archinto Portrait. The Madonna) of Humility: 2 2222) Master of the Bucking- ham Palace Madonna. The Enclosed; Gardens 22282 229s a es Master of Flemalle, Studio of. Saint John the Baptist Meets Two Pharisees_._.. Master of the Life of Saint John the Baptist. Birth, Naming, and Circumcision of Saint John Master of the Life of the Baptist. Saint John the Baptist. The Obsequies of Saint Anthony Abbot__-____- Master of the Osservanza Altarpiece. The Conversion of an Arion by Saint Remy__._ Master of St. Gilles. Ther Baptismion, Clovis seer. ob sia ea ea useewc: Master of St. Gilles. Many Queen olbicavene 250 ceca ee Master of the Saint Lucy Legend. SECRETARY’S REPORT 31 From Artist Samuel H. Kress Foundation, New York, N. Y.—Continued Aine: Cruciiim OM ERG ae) eG Matteo di Giovanni The Magi before Herod: ..........-..522 2 AL Matteo di Giovanni. Roriraitvot ian Mianwios fase oe ee as Mazzola, Filippo. Saint) VEbOMICa SAU to EO A EA ae Memling, Hans. PATS seo er er SO SIRS SL CAS Moretto da Brescia. Portrait of a Gentleman in Black______._____._ Moroni, Giovanni Bat- tista. Portrait of a Mane so North Italian School (probably). Christ among the Doctors_-_________________- Orley, Bernart van. The Marriage of the Virgin-__________________ Orley, Bernart van. he Driumphiet Caesars 222 eee Palma Vecchio. Rebecca atthe’ Wells oS ee ee ee Pellegrini, Giovanni An- tonio. Elijah Taken up in a Chariot of Fire___________ Piazzetta, Giovanni Bat- tista. Young Man in Oriental Costume______________ Piazzetta, Giovanni Bat- tista. The Feeding of the Child Jupiter___._.__.._.__- Poussin, Nicolas. irolywnamily on the Steps. 224. Poussin, Nicholas. SaincMoanololomewiee oles ek a ea Ribera, Jusepe de. aS rea @) CUES rich oe Meta IN 0 I a Robert, Hubert. Portraitiol a¢Man int Armor. 200 ee Romanino, Girolamo. Coratitishinetiny Atricayi6 0s) 8 Fae Bee 2 Rosa, Salvatore. JEXOU RELI OUR C2139 Ie oA a ee as le a aa a aS Rosso. Hortrattroivasniabti soe ee Savoldo, Giovanni Girol- amo. wither Adoration ‘ofithe Child: i226 2-22 see Salvoldo, Giovanni Girol- amo. Cardinal Bandinello Sauli, His Secretary andtwo Sebastiano del Piombo. Geographers. Portrait of a Young Woman as Mary Magdalen_ Sebastiano del Piombo. The Adoration of the Shepherds with Saint John Sienese School, c. 1440. the Baptist and Saint Bartholomew. Wallarye ee ol bp it walla Lon iat lL Signorelli, Luca. The Flight into Egypt and Christ among the Signorelli, Luca. Doctors. Saint George and the Dragon__-__-_-_---_-__- Sodoma. Bishop, Alvise Grimante aku) io oe ae Strozzi, Bernardo. Saint Lawrence Giving the Treasures of the Strozzi, Bernardo. Church to the Poor. Apolloseursnine Daphne: / ies 0 Tw one Tiepolo, Giovanni Battista. athe Sacriice: of lphigenias 2420. Fes Tiepolo, Giovanni Battista. The Circumcision of the Children______________ Tiepolo, Giovanni Battista. Venetian Lady in Domino and Tricorne--~--_-_-___ Tiepolo, Giovanni Battista. ihe Apotheosis of Orazio: Portos 2202 ose Tiepolo, Giovanni Battista. Portrait of a Member of the Contarini Family___ Tintoretto. Portrait of a Procurator of Saint Mark’s____-___ Tintoretto. Portrait of a Young Lady as Venus Binding the Titian. Eyes of Cupid. 32 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 From Artist Samuel H. Kress Foundation, New York, N. Y.—Continued VA MUCCIOMEATIMESE siipe ue unas S aAUe Sa e e Titian. Alessandro Alberti with a Page____-------_---- Titian, Northern Follower of. j Annunciate Virgin, Archangel Gabriel, Saint Tura, Cosimo. Francis, Bishop Saint Maurelius. The Mlagetlationyef@hrist_ 9. 2 hes ae Umbrian School, c. 1505. MBiVEe Oly me ariilyee mor Ske ale BUA eee Venetian School, ec. 1500. The Countess of Schoenfeld____.______--------_- Vigee-Lebrun, Hlizabeth. DENIS ER ON eas 252 2 20 ND un a Bordone, Paris. The. Peposition of Christ. 2. =... see Greco, El (Domenico Theotokopulos). ARG GIS hate Mule ee PAPC eS Ue |S is Bernini, Giovanni Lorenzo, School of. ipo niet erally teteeye sates Cm lee Oban WMS Dea Bouchardon, Edme. Apollopotybyciateceee nO Saves wpe Candido, Elia. PANO BYEY i OV aN gee 2h Sg AN a ee ee ey Clodion (Claude Michel). ApBaccehamtern hae cpyeil) ou ieee oe Clodion (Claude Michel). A Bacchante with Cluster of Grapes in Left Hand_ Clodion (Claude Michel). Madame Royale as.an Infant________._______2 Clodion (Claude Michel). Poetrygamdn Maisie eae iil Qu ney pees Clodion (Claude Michel). IAS Vie (allure by emay ira pA Ne Ne EAE EU oi eh Vea cto Clodion (Claude Michel). GORI: DE) E\Y/ 2 Eg CY SVE RA A aan a Le Coysevox, Antoine. Phillipe DucidiOrleans ie ee ane Coysevox, Antoine. Madame de Pompadour as the Venus of the Doves. Falconet, Etienne- Maurice. SainteBarbaraveuie ey ew cya asia Franco-Portuguese School. ApollovandaMiarsvasesi cg I oT Michelangelo, attributed to. ‘The:Minge Calliopese. Act bik en tena aehh iy Pajou, Augustin. Gate Ce eae per a rey Ate NORE Pe Ae EM a) Robert le Lorrain. he Dew. jaist arta v Gels iy ell ile MT Al cea de Robert le Lorrain. Painting and) Sculptures -ta) sisee ae Ser Tassaert, Jean-Pierre- Antoine. C.S. Gulbenkian, Lisbon, Portugal: 3 rare books (from the Wilmerding Collection). Robert Woods Bliss, Washington, D. C.: 26 objects of Pre-Columbian art. LOANED WORKS OF ART RETURNED The following works of art on loan were returned during the fiscal year 1951: To Artist Copley Amory, Washington, D. C.: Elizabeth Copley (Mrs. Gardiner Greene) -__.__ Copley. Self-Portrattyymyed pV Me! a Ue aah ete pen nye Copley. Chester Dale, New York, N. Y.: Le Chevalier Louis Eusebe de Montour_________ Carle (Charles-Andre) Van Loo. SECRETARY'S REPORT 30. WORKS OF ART LENT During the fiscal year 1951 the Gallery lent the following works of art for exhibition purposes: To Artist Birmingham Museum of Art, Biricingham, Ala.: George Pollo cha eye eee Ne Be aS eae Gilbert Stuart. MirsiiGeorge) Pollocketnse2 is 2st ee lots Gilbert Stuart. Andrew Jacksons Sige c ssn ww Pee ye Vir pe Thomas Sully. Fogg Art Museum, Cambridge, Mass.: Costume Study (drawing) _____.-_2_-__._____- Direr. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, N. Y.: Young) Woman in) Whitest osc a ee heres a Robert Henri. Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, Pa.: The Dead Toreador. -_ = 2.42 teeta A obetepy ih Manet. (ines am Ceres pare RUN eo ah ike yh lt 8! Ciba ee Renoir. MirsspichardiVatesaniey yauaiG uk ih eas WE Gilbert Stuart. eines Witte; Gir ies ik deel lene noo i Bey Ns a gis Whistler. Drawings: Méte-a-Téte so 2. - oepye dey eee a Late a ee Boucher. GOST UME RSE UCM Meiers Als Aes Direr. Way Retite Loge. ik eee Shea Ne ti Moreau le Jeune. Elieser and Rebecca at the Well__________- Rembrandt. Colonial Williamsburg and the College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Va.: ety MU AUIRED Soho el a a ae a ea J. S. Copley. “Aeon antsy 1] Bays yes a ty a aeg ot et aN Jarvis. Bemaminvbarrisonma soo Wii Wie C. W. Peale. olny Rae ol be ei) eg ea el al ek Oe erg ei pee Gilbert Stuart. ANlesenalere lath yaaa Se ee A le John Trumbull. EXHIBITIONS During the fiscal year 1951 the following exhibitions were held at the National Gallery of Art: Rosenwald Collection. Exhibition of recent accessions of prints and drawings in the Lessing J. Rosenwald Collection. Continued from previous fiscal year through October 15, 1950. : “Makers of History in Washington, 1800-1950.” Exhibition Celebrating the Sesquicentennial of the Establishment of the Federal Government in the City of Washington. Continued from previous fiscal year through November 19, 1950. Paintings from the Gulbenkian Collection. Lent for an indefinite period to the National Gallery of Art for exhibition by C. S. Gulbenkian. Opened October 8, 1950. Canadian Paintings. Exhibition of Canadian paintings arranged by the Na- tional Gallery of Canada. October 29 through December 10, 1950. : “Vollard, Connoisseur.” Exhibition of prints from the Lessing J. Rosenwald Collection. December 17, 1950, through April 15, 1951. Kress Collection. Exhibition of paintings, sculpture, and bronzes for the Tenth Anniversary of the National Gallery of Art. Opened March 17, 1951. 34. ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 Flower Prints, Original Botanical Drawings, and Color-Plate Books. Exhivi- tion from the collection of Mrs. Roy A. Hunt. April 22 through June 10, 1951. American Paintings from the Collection of the National Gallery of Art. Opened June 17, 1951. The following exhibitions were displayed in the cafeteria corridor of the National Gallery of Art during the fiscal year 1951: Folk Sculpture and Folk Painting. Index of American Design. Water-color renderings. Continued from previous fiscal year through August 1, 1950. Prints by Mary Cassatt. Rosenwald Collection and gift of Miss Elisabeth Achelis. August 2 through October 15, 1950. Popular Art in the United States. Index of American Design. Water-color renderings. October 16, 1950, through January 14, 1951. Portraits of Stuart and Tudor Times. Rosenwaid Collection and gift of Wil- iis H. Ruffner. January 15 through April 23, 1951. Ktchings by Whistler. Gift of Mr. and Mrs. J. Watson Webb. April 24 through June 24, 1951. Hngravings by William Blake. Gift of anonymous donor. Opened June 25, 1951. TRAVELING EXHIBITIONS f : : Fosenwald Collection.—Special exhibitions of prints from the Rosenwald Collection were circulated to the following places during the fiscal year: Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, Pa.: 3 drawings. October 1950. University of Minnesota Art Gallery, Minneapolis, Minn.: 3 prints. October 1950. American Federation of Arts, Washington, D. C.: 50 prints for circulation by the Federation. October 1950. Columbia Museum of Art, Columbia, S. C.: 40 Hogarth and Rowlandson prints. October 1950. Philadelphia Art Alliance, Philadelphia, Pa.: 8 prints. November 1950. Smith College Museum of Art, Northampton, Mass.: 34 prints. December 1950. Pasadena Art Institute, Pasadena, Calif.: 11 Toulouse-Lautree prints. January 1951. University of Pennsylvania Museum, Philadelphia, Pa.: 1 water color. April 1951. SECRETARY’S REPORT 35 Index of American Design.—During the fiscal year 1951 exhibitions from this collection were shown in the following States: Number of State exhibitions ANG EEN NSE SYS phe ep AI ge a es SEG 1 Califormiaghs Lateef. Lisa OE Pete Sai 4 @onmectieumt sess or ena alaep yor) el ee as 8 District ot;Columbigus sie sour kis Pepe 5 PB CLAW ATOM elon LVS ia abs) Neo el Sel MM Gaeee Mer alana OE 1 FES] ToT Giggs ee SER TRANG Uy Ue Ea 2 Me Pas aa MEN i ID OM 2 ATED ETT LSE SACU eee SA NSN SM AD MN Ra ea ey Na 1 Tin Gia aye Peed) IS EEA aN Fag ha ST GRD CEN SR I We rare ayy yr ic A gpa les Ya I IVD carey earn Ce 2 ae ar A ae 1 IMEASSACIMISE EES esas WLAN CAS ib sel cs By apse Dystg Mee 94 JY Eo ebay Yay Ay ES ep ea Se i at 2 IMGiMMES O FASS AeeN Ste ee SN OR plane ste in Sha tg 1 UN TET RTS TER SN a et a a a SE 2 New; Hampshires 2000 2 aaik Se ethindahe eae ae) 1 New Works urn SURE RUSS ED cae Pe 20d ROE 8 TNC eR aT Dee EeCay etc his Ce aa Ta ce teat 1 CC] eK ys se ee kp Cs CMDS sy Ds nc a o 4 Pennsylvanians Ses Aeah eck Ee SLE a ANE: 5 PE RAG Se eA NUR Miia ia Ui Re a Ue ei) eV eR oe Ay 3 PUG gs said ga ae UNE aN na a a eI a 1 Two exhibitions from this collection were circulated in Europe during the fiscal year. CURATORIAL ACTIVITIES The Curatorial Department accessioned 2,457 new gifts to the Gal- lery during the fiscal year. Advice was given in the case of 305 works of art brought to the Gallery for opinion, and 41 visits to other col- lections were made by members of the staff in connection with prof- fered works of art. About 800 paintings were studied and con- sidered for possible acquisition. A total of 1,311 inquiries requiring research were answered. During the year, 10 individual lectures were given by members of the curatorial staff, both at the Gallery and elsewhere. In addition, Miss Elizabeth Mongan conducted a seminar with Robert Walker for Swarthmore College; and Charles M. Richards gave two courses in art history under the auspices of the Department of Agriculture. Perry B. Cott served as chairman of the Medieval section of the Symposium of the College Art Association held at Dumbarton Oaks; Mr. Richards presented reports to the American Association of Museums meeting in Philadelphia on “Pres- ervation of Essential Records during an Emergency” and “Sugges- tions for a Work of Art Shipping Label.” He served on two com- mittees of the Association, acting as chairman of one. During the year Miss Katharine Shepard was elected secretary of the Washington Society, Archaeological Institute of America. 36 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 » Special installations were prepared for the European Paintings from the Gulbenkian Collection, lent by C. S. Gulbenkian, Esq., and for Paintings and Sculpture from the Kress Collection acquired by the Samuel H. Kress Foundation, 1945-1951. The cataloging and filing of photographs in the George Martin Richter Archives continued to make progress, with the gradual en- largement of the collection. Also, about 100 additional catalog notes were prepared for the new catalog of paintings in the National Gallery. Further activities of the department are indicated under the head- ing “Publications.” RESTORATION AND REPAIR OF WORKS OF ART Necessary restoration and repair of works of art in the Gallery’s collections were made by Francis Sullivan, resident restorer to the Galiery. All work was completed in the restorer’s studio in the Gallery. PUBLICATIONS During the year Huntington Cairns contributed an article on the late American philosopher, Morris R. Cohen, to the Rivista Inter- nazionale di Filosofia del Diritto; reviews of “Styles in Painting,” by Paul Zucker, “Impressionists and Symbolists,” by Lionello Ven- turi, and “Painting in France, 1895-1949,” by San Lazzaro, to the Yale Review; and the foreword to “Morals and Law: the Growth of Aristotle’s Legal Theory,” by Max Hamburger. He also delivered a series of eight lectures at the Johns Hopkins University on “The Theory of Criticism.” The book “Paintings from America,” by John Walker, published by Penguin Books, Ltd., appeared during this year, and Mr. Walker’s book review of “Landscape into Art,” by Sir Kenneth Clark, was published in the December 1950 number of Burlington Magazine. Also, Mrs. John Shapley contributed an article, “A Predella Panel by Benozzo Gozzoli,” to the Gazette des Beaux-Arts, 1950. An illustrated catalog of European Paintings from the Gulbenkian Collection was prepared by Mrs. John Shapley and was issued for the opening of the Gulbenkian exhibition on October 8, 1950. An illus- trated catalog of Paintings and Sculpture from the Kress Collection acquired by the Samuel H. Kress Foundation, 1945-1951, was com- piled by William E. Suida, curator of research of the Samuel H. Kress Foundation, in collaboration with the Curatorial Department, with foreword by Mr. Finley and introduction by Mr. Walker, for the open- ing of the Tenth Anniversary Exhibition, March 17, 1951. Perry B. ‘Cott completed a catalog of the Kress Renaissance bronzes for the same opening. SECRETARY'S REPORT 37 Progress was made on the second volume of “Masterpieces of Paint- ing from the National Gallery of Art” by Huntington Cairns and John Walker; and work on Erwin O. Christensen’s second Decorative Arts Handbook, “Objects of Medieval Art,” and his third Decorative Arts Handbook, “Jewels and Rock Crystals,” approached completion. During the past fiscal year the Publications Fund added 8 new 11-x-14’” color reproductions to the large group already available, and 5 more plates of the new Kress paintings were completed and ready for use; 17 additional new plates in this size were on order. Portfolio No. 2 on “The Life of Christ,” containing fifteen 11—x-14’’ color reproductions and accompanying text, was issued. An exchange of 11—x-14’’ prints with the Metropolitan Museum in New York was also instituted. The long-awaited book entitled “The Index of American Design,” with a foreword by Erwin O. Christensen, was published during the fiscal year and received wide acclaim. A new type of publication, a guidebook to the Italian paintings, is now on order. About 3,000 copies of the catalog for the Sesquicentennial Exhibi- tion, put on sale a year ago, were sold; and during the exhibition of Canadian paintings over 300 catalogs as well as portfolios and maga- zines were distributed. A new set of Index of American Design playing cards was made available; and three recordings by the National Gallery Symphony Orchestra were put on sale for the first time. EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM. The attendance for the General, Congressional, and Special Tours, and for the “Picture of the Week,” was more than 37,000 for the fiscal year. The Sunday afternoon lectures in the auditorium, by members of the staff and visiting lecturers, continue to be a popular activity of the Education Office. Three Sunday afternoon programs were given over to the showing of educational art films. The work of the Department has been extended by circulating the black-and-white film strip of 300 paintings from the Gallery’s collec- tion; by lending slides and the film “The National Gallery of Art.” The monthly Calendar of Events announcing all the Gallery activi- ties, including notices of exhibitions, new publications, lectures, gal- lery talks, tours, and concerts, was mailed to approximately 4,700 persons each month. LIBRARY The most important contributions to the Library this year were the books, pamphlets, periodicals, and subscriptions purchased out of the fund presented to the National Gallery of Art by Paul Mellon. These included the collection of 2,775 art sales catalogs dating from 38 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 1727 through 1948 purchased from Martinus Nijhoff at The Hague, a collection containing several rare manuscript catalogs. Gifts in- cluded 145 books, pamphlets, and periodicals, while 700 books, etc., were received on exchange from other institutions. During the year 375 persons other than the Gallery staff have used the Library for research either in person or by phone. INDEX OF AMERICAN DESIGN During the fiscal year, 603 examples from the Index were repro- duced in various magazines while 284 were borrowed for use in forth- coming publications. Of the 630 persons visiting the Gallery for the purpose of studying Index material, 567 were new users. In all, 948 photographs of Index material were sent out for use by designers, possible publication, for research, study, etc., and for publicity; and 413 slides of Index renderings were used in connection with lectures. Mr. Christensen, as a member of the faculty of the Seminar in American Culture, New York State Historical Association, Coopers- town, N. Y., participated in lecture courses, panel discussions, and classes. CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF THE BUILDING During the past year, the Gallery building and grounds and me- chanical equipment were maintained at the high standard established in the past. Considerable redecorating work was done, including the painting of several galleries and offices. Flowering plants, totaling 3,394 in number, and valued at approximately $6,975, were grown in the moats and used for decoration of the Garden Courts. The condenser water, chilled-water, and dehumidifier pumps, and the fountain and sump pumps were overhauled; all air-conditioning equipment was inspected, serviced, and repairs made; two refrigera- tion machines were completely overhauled; new lawn sprinklers were installed in the space between the sidewalk and Constitution Avenue, east of the service entrance; 12 sections of skylight, repre- senting an area of more than 5,000 square feet, were completely overhauled; an azalea storage frame was constructed in the southwest moat with surplus building tile; a contract was entered into in June 1951 for the raising to the original level of the granite and marble platforms at the Mall entrance which had settled and created a poten- tial hazard to the public. CONSTRUCTION OF NEW GALLERIES AND OFFICES Work under the contract accepted June 24, 1949, for completing 12 galleries in the east end of the building was completed on J uly 15, SECRETARY'S REPORT 39 1950; and work under the contract awarded March 10, 1950, for the completion of five offices with a slide storage room in the west wing on the ground floor for the Educational Office, was completed in December 1950. A contract was entered into on July 31, 1950, for the completion. of _ five galleries in the west end of the building. It was anticipated that the work on these galleries would be completed early in 1951; however, completion has been greatly delayed because of the difficulty en- countered in obtaining the quality of oak flooring called for in the specifications. Private funds were made available for these purposes. CONSTRUCTION—STORAGE FACILITIES A contract was entered into on March 1, 1951, to build a storage room adjacent to the Gallery building in the southeast moat. Work is progressing satisfactorily, and it is expected that this project will be completed by late summer. A contract was entered into on March 2, 1951, to build a storage building and reconstruct a cottage on the site of Randolph-Macon Woman’s College, Lynchburg, Va. This work is also progressing satisfactorily and, unless unforeseen delays occur, will be completed in the late autumn of 1951. Both of these projects are being carried out with private funds advanced for these purposes. OTHER ACTIVITIES Forty-five Sunday evening concerts were given in the Garden Courts during the fiscal year. The Eighth Annual American Music Festival was held in April, featuring 22 works by American com- posers. Most of the concerts were broadcast in their entirety by radio station WCEKM, Washington. The National Gallery Orchestra also made four long-playing records for WCFM Recording Corporation, recording works by Mozart, Handel, and Ives. The Photographic Laboratory of the Gallery produced 12,593 prints, 813 black-and-white slides, and 1,723 color slides during the fiscal year, in addition to 2,110 negatives, as well as X-rays, infra- red and ultraviolet photographs. A total of 2,298 press releases and 21,000 invitations for exhibitions at the Gallery were issued during the fiscal year, while 222 permits to copy paintings and 214 permits to photograph were issued. Also 416 releases on current weekly activities of the Gallery were sent to the Washington newspapers, radio station WGMS, and the weekly guidebook, “This Week in the Nation’s Capital.” During the year, a group of German leaders in the field of art and other educational and cultural endeavors, toured the United States, 971103—51——4 40 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 first visiting the National Gallery of Art, where itineraries for their trips were arranged by the Assistant Director’s office. Also, during the year, two Austrian leaders—one a museum ofiicial, the other an artist—visited the Gallery and were accorded the same help in making plans for their tour of this country. OTHER GIFTS Gifts of books on. works of art and related material were made to the Gallery by Paul Mellon and others. Gifts of money during the fiscal year 1951 were made by the A. W. Mellon Educational and Charitable Trust. AUDIT OF PRIVATE FUNDS OF THE GALLERY An audit of the private funds of the Gallery has been made for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1951, by Price, Waterhouse & Co., public accountants, and the certificate of that company on its examination of the accounting records maintained for such funds will be forwarded to the Gallery. Respectfully submitted. Huntineron Cairns, Secretary. THE SECRETARY, Smithsonian Institution. APPENDIX 3 REPORT ON THE NATIONAL COLLECTION OF FINE ARTS - Sm: I have the honor to submit the following report on the activ- ities of the National Collection of Fine Arts for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1951: THE SMITHSONIAN ART COMMISSION The twenty-eighth annual meeting of the Smithsonian Art Com- mission was held in the Regents’ Room of the Smithsonian Building on Tuesday, December 5, 1950. The members present were: Paul Manship, chairman; Alexander Wetmore, secretary (member, ex of- ficio) ; John Nicholas Brown, George H. Edgell, David E. Finley, Gilmore D. Clarke, Archibald G. Wenley, Lloyd Goodrich, John Taylor Arms, Robert Woods Bliss, and George Hewitt Myers. John E. Graf, Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution, Thomas M. Beggs, Director, National Collection of Fine Arts, and Paul V. Gardner, curator of ceramics, National Collection of Fine Arts, were also present. The resignations of William T. Aldrich and Gifford Beal as mem- bers of the Commission were submitted and accepted with regret. The Commission recommended to the Board of Regents Lawrence Grant White to succeed Mr. Aldrich, and Andrew Wyeth to succeed Mr. Beal. The Commission recommended the reelection of John Taylor Arms and Gilmore D. Clarke for the usual 4-year period. The following officers were elected for the ensuing year: Paul Manship, chairman; Robert Woods Bliss, vice chairman, and Dr. Alexander Wetmore, secretary. The following were elected mem- bers of the executive committee for the ensuing year: David E. Finley, chairman, Robert Woods Bliss, Gilmore D. Clarke, and George Hewitt Myers. Paul Manship, as chairman of the Commission, and Dr. Alexander Wetmore, as secretary of the Commission, are ex- officio members of the executive committee. Mr. Beggs reported that the reorganization of the permanent col- lection progressed steadily during the year as further work of in- ‘dividual artists and various types’ of artistic work were assembled. Seventeen paintings by Albert Pinkham Ryder, N. A. (1847-1917), have been installed in a gallery to be known as the Ryder Room of the Gellatly Collection. Meissen, Worcester, and Sévres porcelains 41 42 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 have been grouped by Mr. Gardner for systematic display in the Pell Collection. Two additional storage rooms with movable screens and air conditioning are being provided for the better maintenance of the collections. Mr. Gardner explained briefly the progress made in a project in- volving spectrochemical analysis of ancient glass, the purpose being to associate known types with the time and location of their manu- facture and to trace ancient trade routes and material sources. An initial group of specimens lent by two museums has been turned over to the National Bureau of Standards for qualitative analysis, the results of which are to be interpreted in collaboration with Ray Smith, of the Archeological Institute of America. The Secretary outlined briefly further legal action relative to the Gellatly Collection under which the United States Supreme Court had ruled that there were no grounds for reopening the case. He also mentioned briefly tentative suggestions relative to the art collections in connection with present threats of war. The Commission accepted as a whole the 15 paintings of the Adams- Clement Collection, gift of Miss Mary Louisa Adams Clement in memory of her mother, Louisa Catherine Adams Clement, with dis- cretionary powers to be exercised by the National Collection of Fine Arts in regard to the showing of the individual pictures: Oil portrait, Mary Louisa Adams, by Asher B. Durand. Oil portrait, Georgianna Frances Adams, by Asher B. Durand. Oil portrait, John Adams, by Edward Dalton Marchant. Oil portrait, George Washington, by Edward Dalton Marchant. Oil portrait, John Adams, by Gilbert Stuart. Oil portrait, Joshua Johnson, attributed to John Trumbull. Oil portrait, Mrs. Joshua Johnson, attributed to John Trumbull. Oil portrait, John Quincy Adams, by Pieter van Huffel. Oil portrait, Mrs. John Quincy Adams, by undetermined artist. Oil portrait, Little Girl (one of the Adams children), by undetermined artist. Water-color portrait, Mary Louisa Adams, by undetermined artist. Miniature, Joshua Johnson, by Thomas H. Hull. Miniature, Boy in Peasant Costume, by Mary Louisa Adams Clement. Miniature, Portrait of a Young Woman, by Mary Louisa Adams Clement. Miniature, Louisa Catherine Adams Clement, by Mary Louisa Adams Clement. The following objects were also accepted: Oil portrait, Miss Mildred Lee, by S. Seymour Thomas. Gift of the artist. Oil portrait, Col. William Shakespeare King, by George Catlin. Gift of Daniel Packard King and Allene Packard King, through Mrs. Harry Lazelle King. Oil portrait, Townsend Bradley Martin, by Abbott H. Thayer, N. A. Gift of Mrs. Grosvenor Backus. Oil painting, Great Western, by William Marsh. Gift of Mrs. Alfred Born- mann, in memory of her father, Frederick Boesen. Oil painting, Street Shrine, by Jerome Myers, N. A. Henry Ward Ranger bequest. SECRETARY’S REPORT 43 Fourteen pieces of modern glass including Austrian, Dutch, French, and Swedish. Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Hugh J. Smith, Jr. Four items of Bohemian glass. Gift of Mrs. John H. Lodge. A collection of 50 miniatures by American and foreign artists. Gift of Mrs. Henry L. Milmore. THE CATHERINE WALDEN MYER FUND Hight miniatures, water color on ivory unless otherwise stated, were acquired from the fund established through the bequest of the late Catherine Walden Myer, as follows: 71. August Fricke, by Henry Hlouis; from Edmund Bury, Philadelphia, Pa. 72. A Member of the Washington Family, attributed to James Peale; from the estate of H. W. A. Cooke (L. B. Alexander, executor), through Mrs. J. H. Reiter. 73. Zachariah EF. Johnston, by undetermined artist; from Conrad Reid, Wash- ington, D. C. 74, Mrs. Frances Barton Stockton, by Hugh Bridport. 75. Mrs. John McCluney, by James Peale. %6. Portrait of a Gentleman, by James Peale. %7. Dr. Joseph Glover, by Charles Fraser. (Numbers 74 through 77 were acquired from the Mr. and Mrs. Norvin Green Sale, Parke-Bernet Galleries, Inc., New York City.) 78. Rev. William White, D. D. (Bishop of Pennsylvania, 1747-1836), enamel, by William Birch; from Katharine Woodward, Middleburg, Va. STUDY COLLECTION The following were accepted by the Smithsonian Institution for the Study Collection of the National Collection of Fine Arts: Ten pieces of Sévres (4 cups and saucers, 1 sugar bowl without cover, 1 cream pitcher), and eight pieces of Worcester type (2 small pitchers, 1 sugar bowl ~ with cover, 2 bonbon dishes, 1 cup and saucer), the gift of Mrs. John E. Lodge. An Oriental ceramic, Ch’ien Lung (1736-1795) vase with base, the gift of Mrs. James W. Rickey. A piece of stained glass from one of the shattered windows of the demolished cathedral at Verdun, France, period of World War I, was transferred from the division of military and naval history, Department of History, United States National Museum. ALICE PIKE BARNEY LOAN COLLECTION On January 1, 1951, a collection of approximately 224 paintings by Alice Pike Barney (1860-1931), well-known Washington artist, social worker, and civic leader, 54 pictures by other artists, together with many sculptures and objects of art, was presented to the Smithsonian Institution by her daughters, Natalie Clifford Barney and Laura Dreyfus-Barney. This collection is to be used by the National Collec- tion of Fine Arts as the nucleus of a loan collection for the embellish- ment of Federal buildings and for lending to museums, libraries, 44 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 colleges, and other educational institutions for the development of public appreciation of art in this country. An oil painting, Old Woman and Child, by Hendrik Maarten Krabbe, was given by Mrs. Edith Newlands Johnston and Mrs. Wil- liam B. Johnston for use as a loan to museums, libraries, and colleges. ALICE PIKE BARNEY MEMORIAL FUND A generous fund has also been given to the Smithsonian Institution by Natalie Clifford Barney and Laura Dreyfus-Barney for the use of the National Collection of Fine Arts in maintaining the Alice Pike Barney Loan Collection and in organizing and circulating traveling exhibitions for the development of art appreciation in the United States. TRANSFERS ACCEPTED A full-length plaster cast of the statue of George Washington, ex- ecuted by William J. Hubbard from the original statue in marble by Jean Antoine Houdon, was transferred from the United States Capitol on July 21, 1950. Seventeen oil paintings, ten oil sketches, and ten crayon studies of Arctic and Antarctic scenes, by Frank W. Stokes, were transferred from the United States National Museum on August 1, 1950. An oil portrait, Alexandre Dumas, by William H. Powell, A. N. A., was transferred from the Public Library of the District of Columbia on August 17, 1950. . An oil, Your Forests, Your Fault, Your Loss, by James Montgom- ery Flagg, was transferred from the United States Forest Service on October 13, 1950. TRANSFERS TO OTHER DEPARTMENTS Twelve medals awarded to Edmund C. Tarbell, N. A. (1862-19388), given by the heirs of Edmund C. and Emeline Tarbell, were accepted for the Smithsonian Institution and transferred to the division of numismatics, Department of History, United States National Museum, June 29, 1951. LOANS ACCEPTED Three pieces of Bohemian glass were lent by Mrs. John E. Lodge, Washington, D. C., on July 17, 1950. A silver sugar bowl and a silver cream pitcher, made by William Thompson, were lent by William E. Huntington, Washington, D. C., on October 20, 1950. SECRETARY’S REPORT 45 A bronze, Destiny of the Red Man, by Adolph A. Weinman, was lent by the R. W. Norton Art Foundation, Shreveport, La., on Decem- ber 7, 1950. Two oils, portraits of Charles IIT and the Earl of Lauderdale, by undetermined artists, were lent by Lady Ross of Balnagown Castle, Ross-shire, Scotland, on March 22, 1951. WITHDRAWALS BY OWNERS Two oils, portraits of Lady Mary Ross and the late Sir Charles W. A. Ross, by Andrew Somerville, lent by the Bruce Corporation (Litd.), of Kildary, Scotland, and Wilmington, Del., through Sir Charles Ross on December 2, 1926, and one miniature, portrait of the 8th Baronet, Sir Charles Ross, by E. C. Thomson, lent by Lady Ross on April 4, 1949, were withdrawn by Lady Ross for shipment to Bal- nagown Castle, Ross-shire, Scotland, on March 21, 1951. LOANS TO OTHER MUSEUMS AND ORGANIZATIONS Two oils, Moonrise at Ogunquit, by Hobart Nichols, and The Storm, by Ludwick Backhuysen, were lent to the Bureau of the Budget on July 27, 1950, for a period not to exceed 4 years. (The Storm was returned on March 28, 1951.) | Twenty-five booklets of sketches on the protective coloration in the Animal Kingdom, by Abbott H. Thayer, and a bird model used by him were lent to Mrs. Mary Fuertes Boynton, Trumansburg, N. Y., on December 7, 1950, for lecture purposes. (Returned January 8, ios) Two Japanese cloisonné vases were lent to Howard University on January 15, 1951, to be used as exhibition material in connection with a series of lectures on Asia and the Asians, January 15 through 30, 1951. (Returned January 31, 1951.) Oil, Fired On, by Frederic Remington, was lent to the Denver Art Museum on February 9, 1951, for an exhibition, “Life in America,” held in its new Schieier Gallery, March 4 to April 30, 1951. (Re- turned May 14, 1951.) Bronze, Field Artillery, by Herbert Haseltine, with pedestal, was lent at the request of the owner, Hon. Robert Woods Bliss, to The Baltimore Museum of Art on April 6, 1951, to be included in the special exhibition of “Sculpture of Herbert Haseltine,” April 16 through June 3, 1951. (Returned June 6, 1951.) Three water colors, Ancient Castle, by Georgette Agutte, Sketch of a Village, by Albert Lebourg, and The Windmill, by Guillaume Tronchet, and one drawing, colored crayon and pencil, Landscape, 46 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 by Henri Le Sidaner, were lent to the Bureau of the Budget on May 16, 1951, for a period not to exceed four years. Nine oil paintings, Elf Ground, by George Inness; At Nature’s Mirror, by Ralph A. Blakelock; Spring, by Alexander H. Wyant; Indian Summer, by John Francis Murphy; The Return from the Fold, by Elliott Daingerfield; Lower Ausable Pond, by Homer D. Martin; Cliffs of the Upper Colorado River, Wyoming Territory, by Thomas Moran; In Jamaica, by William H. Holmes (owned by Glenn J. Martin) ; and October, by Robert C. Minor (owned by the United States National Museum), were lent to Howard University on April 24, 1951, to be included in the May Festival from May 1 to June 15, 1951. (Returned June 20, 1951.) LOANS RETURNED Oil, portrait of Commodore Stephen Decatur, by Gilbert Stuart, lent to the Truxtun-Decatur Naval Museum on April 27, 1950, to be included in their first exhibition, was returned on September 26, 1950. Three oil paintings, Gen. John J. Pershing, by Douglas Volk; Ad- miral William S. Sims, by Irving R. Wiles; and Gen. William T. Sherman, by George P. A. Healy; and one marble bust of Alexander Graham Bell, by Moses W. Dykaar, lent to the National Gallery of Art on May 22, 1950, to be included in the Sesquicentennial celebra- tion, “Makers of History in Washington, 1800-1950,” were returned November 27, 1950. THE HENRY WARD RANGER FUND The paintings purchased by the Council of the National Academy of Design from the fund provided by the Henry Ward Ranger bequest, which, under certain conditions, are prospective additions to the National Collection of Fine Arts, are as follows: Title Artist Date of purchase 126. New Lebanon Railroad Louis Bouche, N. A. (1896— )_ Mar. 19, 1951 Station. 127. The City—No. 2________ Ralph Gleitsmann (1910—- )- Mar. 19, 1951 HAAS LEG Wel oye ces ee Xavier Gonzalez (1899- ).. Mar. 19, 1951 129) FourtHiousess] Pusu eae Antonio P. Martino, N. A. Mar. 19, 1951 (1902— Ne PSO SING oat ean aoe na eau Albert John Pucci (1920- ). Mar. 19, 1951 131. Paris (water color) ______ William A. Smith, A. N. A____ Mar. 19, 1951 132. Farm in Essex__________ Gifford Beal, N. A (1879- )- May 7, 1951 133-7 INine Men=s= ae 2s aise Joseph Hirsch (1910—- Loo Ae Mayas ee oo 134. Rabbit Island, Hawaii Millard Sheets, N. A (1907— ). May 7, 1951 (water color). 135. Blacksmith Shop (water John Alonzo Williams, N. A. May 7, 1951 color). (1869- )E 136. Chimney Beams (water Andrew Wyeth, N.A(1917- )_ May 7, 1951 color). SECRETARY'S REPORT 47 Since it is a provision of the Ranger bequest that the paintings pur- chased by the Council from this fund and assigned to American art institutions may be claimed by the National Collection of Fine Arts during the 5-year period beginning 10 years after the death of the artist represented, five paintings were recalled for action of the Smith- sonian Art Commssion at its meeting on December 5, 1950. One painting, listed earlier in this report, was accepted by the Commission to become a permanent accession. The following four paintings were returned to the institutions to which they were originally assigned by the National Academy of Design, as indicated. No. 19. East Coast, Dominica, British West Indies, by Frederick J. Waugh, N. A. (1861-1940), assigned to the Museum of History, Science, and Art, Los Angeles County Museum, Los Angeles, Calif. No. 87. Hagle Lake, by Jonas Lie, N. A. (1880-1940), assigned to the Iowa Memorial Union, State University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa. No. 99. Easterly Coming, by Charles H. Woodbury, N. A. (1864-1940), as- signed to the Society of Liberal Arts, Joslyn Memorial Art Museum, Omaha, Nebr. No. 113. Fifteenth Century French Madonna and Child, by Harry W. Watrous, N. A. (1857-1940), assigned to the Coker College for Women, Hartsville, S. C. THE NATIONAL COLLECTION OF FINE ARTS REFERENCE LIBRARY In all, 280 publications (173 volumes and 107 pamphlets) were accessioned during the year; 671 parts of periodicals were entered in the periodical record; and 17 volumes and 45 pamphlets (serials) were entered in the catalog. The total accessions in the National Collection of Fine Arts Library now number 12,026. INFORMATION SERVICE The requests of 1,629 visitors received special attention, as did many similar requests by mail and phone. During the year 1,285 art works were submitted for identification. The members of the staff served as judges or as members of juries of selection and award for a number of exhibitions held in and around Washington. SPECIAL EXHIBITIONS Sixteen special exhibitions were held during the year as follows: July 1 through 25, 1950.—Exhibition of 56 paintings of Ancient Hgyptian Monuments, by Joseph Lindon Smith, held under the patronage of His Excei- lency Mohamed Kamil Abdul Rahim Bey, Ambassador of Egypt. A catalog was provided. ‘This exhibition opened on June 8. August 6 through 28, 1950.—Exhibition of Ceramic Art by The Kiln Club of Washington, consisting of 62 pieces by local ceramic artists and 75 pieces by outstanding artists in this and other countries, lent by the artists themselves or 48 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 by embassies and collectors. The technique of throwing on the potter’s wheel was demonstrated. A catalog was privately printed. August 6 through 28, 1950.—Exhibition of 31 pieces of sculpture by the Wash- ington Sculptors Group. Gallery talks and demonstrations were given. September 8 through 24, 1950.—Exhibition of Pictorial Art of the American Indian: A Living Tradition, from the collections of the Philbrook Art Center and the Department of Anthropology of the United States National Museum, con- ‘sisting of 158 paintings, drawings, and other examples of graphic art. October 8 through 29, 1950.—The Highth Annual Exhibition of The Artists’ Guild of Washington, consisting of 86 oils and sculpture. A catalog was privately printed. November 5 through 26, 1950.—The Thirteenth Metropolitan State Art Contest, held under the auspices of the District of Columbia Chapter, American Artists Professional League, assisted by the Entre Nous Club, consisting of 333 paintings, sculpture, prints, ceramics, and metaleraft. A catalog was privately printed. ' December 10 through 29, 1950—The Fifty-fourth Annual Exhibition of the Washington Water Color Club, consisting of 174 water colors, etchings, and drawings. A catalog was privately printed. February 8 through 27, 1951.—The Fifty-ninth Annual Exhibition of the Society of Washington Artists, consisting of 47 paintings and 7 pieces of sculpture. A catalog was privately printed. February 23, 1951.—The opening of the Albert Pinkham Ryder Room of the John Gellatly Collection. March 8 through 28, 1951.—Memorial Exhibition of 84 oil paintings and pastels by Alice Pike Barney (1860-1931). A catalog was published. March 9 through 29, 1951.—Exhibition of 48 paintings and seulpture by artists from El Salvador, sponsored by the Ambassador of El Salvador to the United States, Dr. Héctor David Castro, under the auspices of the Pan American Union. A catalog was privately printed. April 18, 1951.—The opening of an exhibition of the Adams-Clement Collection given by the late Mary Louisa Adams Clement to the National Collection of Fine Arts and the Department of History of the United States National Museum, in the west hall of the Arts and Industries Building. May 6 through 30, 1951.—The Highteenth Annual Exhibition of The Miniature Painters, Sculptors and Gravers Society of Washington, D. C., consisting of 180 examples. A catalog was privately printed. May 17 through July 1951.—A Centennial Anniversary Exhibition of Paintings by Thomas Wilmer Dewing, N. A. (1851-1938). Twenty paintings were shown in the Natural History Building and twenty-one in the Freer Gallery of Art. A list was mimeographed. June 7 through 27, 1951.—The Second Annual Exhibition of the Florida Artist Group, consisting of 24 paintings. A catalog was privately printed. June 8 through 26, 1951.—An exhibition of 147 Swiss posters, held under the patronage of His Excellency Charles Bruggman, Minister of Switzerland, and the auspices of the American Federation of Arts. A catalog was privately printed. Respectfully submitted. Tuomas M. Beggs, Director. Dr. A. Wrermore, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. APPENDIX 4 REPORT ON THE FREER GALLERY OF ART Sir: I have the honor to submit the thirty-first afinual report on the Freer Gallery of Art for the year ended June 30, 1951. THE COLLECTIONS Additions to the collections by purchase were as follows: 50.7. 50.9. 50.10. 50.17. 50.18. 51.2. 51.5. 51.6. 51.7. 50.5. BRONZE Chinese, Chou dynasty (1122-256 B. C., early). A ceremonial vessel of the type fang ting. Design cast in relief and intaglio, the latter filled in with black substance. Inside one side a 41-character inscription. 0.263 x 0.246 x 0.107. Chinese, Shang dynasty (ca. 1766-1122 B. C.). A ceremonial weapon of the type ko, inlaid with turquoise. Protruding bottle horns. 0.096 x 0.411. Chinese, Chou dynasty (1122-256 B. C., late). Gilt bronze plaque inlaid with jade, turquoise, carnelian, and silver. Relief design of fabulous animals sporting among waves. 0.028 x 0.095. Chinese, Chou dynasty (1122-256 B. C., late). Incense burner of the type hsiang-lu. Decorations incised, gilded, and inlaid with gold; open- work cover; powdery gray-green patina. 0.107 x 0.103. Chinese, Chou dynasty (1122-256 B. C., early). A ceremonial vessel of the type fang tsun. Design cast in high and low relief. Twelve-char- acter inscription cast inside bottom. 0.279 x 0.290. (Illustrated.) Chinese, Han dynasty (207 B. CA. D. 220). A eylindrical covered box of the type lien. incised designs on sides and cover; removable tray inside. Loose ring on cover, and three very low feet. 0.142 x 0.155. Chinese, Han dynasty (207 B. C—A. D. 220). “3 2. TINY FROGS IN THE NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK Left, striped African tree frog (Afrixalus fornasinii Bianconi); center, black and green frog (Dendrobates tintoria) from South America, commonly known as the arrow-poison frog; right, yellow atelopus (Atelopus varius cruciger), a delicate translucent lemon-colored frog from the Panama region. (Photograph by Ernest P. Walker.) SECRETARY'S REPORT 109 DEPOSITORS AND DONORS AND THEIR GIFTS—continued Armstrong, Brig. Gen. Clare H., Camp Stewart, Ga., 2 Rosella parakeets.* Army Medical Center, Washington, D. C., 3 agoutis; through Mr. Rogers, 3 Mastomys coucha; through Maj. Robert Traub, Research and Graduate School, Asiatie squirrel,* large spiny-backed tree rat,* 2 Rajah tree rats,* 2 Bower’s. tree rats,* Whitehead’s tree rat,* Rattus canus malasia,* Callosciurus caniceps,* Callosciurus notatus,* Malayan ground squirrel,* pencil-tailed tree rat,* pencil- tailed tree mouse,* 3 slow loris.* Badger, June, Middleburg, Va., and Cochran, Dr. Doris, National Museum, Wash- ington, D. C., corn snake,* southern ribbon snake,* legless lizard,* Cumberland turtle,* false map turtle,* 2 musk turtles,* 3 Japanese newts.* . Baird, Bill, National Park Service, Washington, D. C., 2 copperhead snakes. Bailey, Mrs. H. E., College Park, Md., 3 red-shouldered hawks. Bailey, Lee, Washington, D. C., barn owl. Baker, Judd O., Washington, D. C., opossum. Baker, Patricia, Lake Forest, Ill., ring-necked snake. Barfield, Gordon, Cabin John, Md., rabbit. Baxter, Mr., Washington, D. C., brown capuchin monkey. Belcher, James H., Bethesda, Md., ground hog. Bentz, Sgt., and Reeves, Sgt. E., Washington, D. C., loon. Black, Maj. E. L., Ft. McNair, Washington, D. C., horned lizard. Blocker, E. M., Fresno, Calif., 2 California jack rabbits. Boose, Mrs., Arlington, Va., opossum. Boyle, John, III, Washington, D. C., skunk. Bresman, Commander J., Rockville, Md., great horned owl. Brown, G. S., Silver Spring, Md., white rabbit. Brown, Mrs. I., Arlington, Va., Pekin duck. Brown, Mrs. M., Washington, D. C., 2 rabbits. Brown, Russell L., Washington, D. C., horseshoe erab. Bryant, Terrell W. W., Takoma Park, Md., 3 crows. Bunnell, Miss T. J., Baltimore, Md., mynah. Burtt, Robert A., Arlington, Va., 3 opossums. Butler, Mrs. P. E., Fairfax, Va., opossum. Castle, Guy, Oxon Hill, Md., great horned owl. Chappelle, Susan, Washington, D. C., rabbit. Cherry, Zeal, Kearneysville, W. Va., 4 ring-necked pheasants. Clifford, Happa, Washington, D. C., blue jay. Colpin, Dr. H. L., Washington, D. C., red fox. Cox, Charles G., Jr., Spokane, Wash., hawk. Cross, James, Rockville, Md., pilot snake. Dahlgren, Daniel, New Alexandria, Va., 2 horned lizards. Daniel, R. O., Washington, D. C., albino opossum. Davis, Floyd, Washington, D. C., woodchuck. de Murguiondo, Victor, Jr., Washington, D. C., 2 barn owls. Denham, Mrs. W. L., Vienna, Va., 3 horned lizards. DeVore, Warren, Washington, D. C., horned lizard. Diggs, Mrs. Thomas I., Washington, D. C., rabbit. Dillion, Mrs. J. J.. Washington, D. C., 2 opossums. Dillon, Kathleen and Mike, Washington, D. C., red hen. Dix, Michael, Washington, D. C., pilot black snake. Donallon, Mrs. H., Washington, D. C., 7 hamsters. Dore, Richard, Arlington, Va., Pekin duck. Drusback, F. W., Bethesda, Md., pilot snake. 110 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 DEPOSITORS AND DONORS AND THEIR GIFTS—continued Ducharme, Leon C., Washington, D. C., skunk. Dunlap, R. Peter, Chevy Chase, Md., and Gilpin, Kenny, Bethesda, Md., bald eagle. Duvall, Mrs. F., Seat Pleasant, Md., red fox. Edwards, J. E., Washington, D. C., 4 red foxes. Hhrwantrout, Edw., Takoma Park, Md., horned lizard. Eshenbough, P. H., Washington, D. C., Pekin duck. Espey, Mrs. H. Clay, Jr., Washington, D. C., snapping turtle. Eubank, Gerald A., Washington, D. C., 2 Pekin ducks. Evans, C. P., Washington, D. C., gray fox. Evans, James, Green Acres, Md., Pekin duck. Fawcett, Arthur F., Washington, D. C., corn snake. Fenton, John W., McLean, Va., 7 black Pekin ducks.* Fine, C. B., Silver Spring, Md., robin. Fish and Wildlife Service, U. S. Department of the Interior, through E. R. Atkin- son, Tappahannock, Va., bald eagle; through Dr. Gardiner Bump, Washington, D. C., 2 southern Pacific swamp hens (gallinule) ; through Harvey O. Edwards, Ely, Nev., 3 western bobcats, 2 pumas; through Vernon HWkedahl, Willows, Calif., 5 cackling geese, 4 lesser snow geese, whistling swan, pintail duck, mal- lard duck, 4 snow geese; through Patuxent Wildlife Research Refuge, Laurel, Md., 6 pairs bobwhite quails, 2 pairs ring-necked pheasants; through Leonard Llewellyn, 6 copperhead snakes; through J. W. Wolfley, Orlando, Fla., 87 black-bellied tree ducks; Branch of Game Management, Washington, D. C., whistling swan. Fisher, Charlie J.,. Washington, D. C., alligator. Wisher, F. B., Washington, D. C., 2 Cumberland turtles. Fisher, Mrs. J., Alexandria, Va., Pekin duck. Foster, Mrs., Washington, D. C., white rabbit. Funk, David, Bethesda, Md., black-widow spider. Gantt, A. E., Arlington, Va., yellow-headed parrot. Gatti, Mrs. S. A., Washington, D. C., canary, grass parakeet, zebra finch. Gaver, Gordon, Thurmont, Md., 2 hog-nosed snakes, rainbow boa,* coral snake,* 2 tegu lizards,* 3 Gila monsters,* 3 timber rattlesnakes,* copperhead snake, 2 fox snakes,* corn snake,* bull snake,* king cobra,* 5 Siamese cobras,* 6 cape cobras,* cottonmouth,* Indian rock python,* regal python,* 2 boa con- strictors,* Mexican water moccasin,* mangrove snake,* Gaboon viper,* Javan macaque.* Gebhardt, Richard J., Arlington, Va., American crow. Geisler, Lloyd G., Washington, D. C., horned lizard. Geletner, Mr., Washington, D. C., 8 canaries. Gillogly, C. O., Washington, D. C., false chameleon. Gladding, Robert, Washington, D. C., Holbrook king snake. Gollan, John R., Washington, D. C., Pekin duck. Graham, Brig. Gen. Wallace H., Washington, D. C., ariel toucan. Graybill, L., Cabin John, Md., 3 Pekin ducks. Greek Government, through Heonomic Cooperation Administration and State Department, Agrimi goat. Green, Austin R., Greenbelt, Md., snowy owl. Greeson, E. L., Arlington, Va., 3 golden-mantled ground squirrels. Griffin, Mr. and Mrs. Roy D., Silver Spring, Md., rabbit. Guffy, Pat, Washington, D. C., box turtle. Hamlet, John N., Pritchardville, S. C., king vulture,* 2 hairy armadillos.* SECRETARY’S REPORT 111 DEPOSITORS AND DONORS AND THEIR GIFTS—continued Handman, J. D., Nayasaland, Africa, hinged-back tortoise, puff added, giant Wingless crickets, Meller’s chameleon, blesmols. Hanson, Chas., Alexandria, Va., chain king snake. Harris, Mrs. H. C., Falls Church, Va., black-widow spider. Harris, Frank H. E., Washington, D. C., squirrel monkey. Harris, Lester E., Jr., Takoma Park, Md., 4 timber rattlesnakes. Harris, Mrs. L. H., Washington, D. C., 2 starlings. Harris, L., Jr., Washington, D. C., great horned owl.* Hathaway, H. F., Silver Spring, Md., 110 hamsters. Hechler, Mrs. Carrie, West Reading, Pa., yellow-naped parrot. Henderson, R. S., Jr., Washington, D. C., 4 chipmunks. Higgins, Emily, Kensington, Md., Pekin duck. Hill, C. C., Bethesda, Md., 2 horned lizards. { Hope, A. R., Washington, D. C., rabbit. Hopkins, P., Washington, D. C., 8 alligators, 2 Cumberland turtles. Hopwood, Thomas, McLean, Va., 3 horned lizards. Howe, E. H., Falls Church, Va., raccoon. Hoyer, Mrs. Edgar, Kensington, Md., 2 raccoons. Humbert, Roy, Eustis, Fla., 4 giant anolis, 6 anolis (Sp.). Humphries, Roy, Covington, Va., 2 black racers,* 2 milk snakes,* 2 corn snakes,* 6 timber rattlesnakes,* corn snake, 6 water snakes, 3 garter snakes. Infantile Paralysis Foundation, through John N. Hamlet, Javan macaque. Ingham, Rex, Ruffin, N. C., mangabey,* agouti,* palm civet,* magpie,* green macaw,* blue-fronted parrot,* 3 zebra finches,* 2 cacomistles.* Tliff, R. G., Dunn Loring, Va., hognosed snake. Jellison, Dr. W., Federal Security Agency, Hamilton, Mont., rubber boa, western bull snake. Jenches, Mr. and Mrs. E. K., Washington, D. C., diamondback turtle. Jenkins, Jimmie, Arlington, Va., garter snake. Jenkins, Murdock, Washington, D. C., bull frog. Jessup, G. L., Washington, D. C., 2 pilot snakes. Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Md., through Dr. A. Howe, 7 chimpanzees.* Johnson, Mr. and Mrs. C. R., Washington, D. C., horned lizard. Johnson, J. R:, Washington, D. C., bald eagle. Johnston, Mrs. Morgan, Washington, D. C., mockingbird. Jolley, Edward M., Rockville, Md., pilot snake, rattlesnake, black snake, pilot black snake, 2 gray foxes, copperhead snake. Jones, Mrs. C., Washington, D. C., Pekin duck. Jones, W. J., Washington, D. C., rabbit. Kane, Lorraine, Kensington, Md., Pekin duck. Kidwell, Guss, David Taylor Model Basin, Carderock, Md., copperhead snake. Kinstler, Wm. A., Baltimore, Md., 2 alligators, 2 snapping turtles. Kremkau, Omer G., Bethesda, Md., black snake. Lachey, Harry T., Brookmont, Md., skunk, Pekin duck. Langford, Steven, Washington, D. C., musk turtle, 4 hamsters. Law, Charles E., Alexandria, Va., worm snake. Lease, A. W., Arlington, Va., 2 raccoons. Leebrick, Frank, Washington, D. C., opossum. Leigh, J. F., Washington, D. C., rabbit. Lewis, Lt. Garner L., Medical Corps, U. 8S. Navy, 7 hamsters. Liebert, John G., Bethesda, Md., rabbit. 112 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 DEPOSITORS AND DONORS AND THEIR GIFTS—continued Locke, R. L., Jr., Washington, D. C., horned lizard. Lomax, E. G., Falls Church, Va., 4 Pekin ducks. Lumpkin, H. H., Annapolis, Md., killdeer. Lynch, Phillips L., Falls Church, Va., 2 Pekin ducks. Marfield, W. T., Arlington, Va., 16 hamsters. Marshall, Otis, Washington, D. C., 2 rabbits. MecCary, Mrs., Washington, D. C., 2 gray squirrels. McDonald, James, Washington, D. C., box turtle. McInnes, J. S., Raleigh, N. C., 4 Canada geese. McKlan, F. E., Bethesda, Md., copperhead snake. Middlekauff, A. I., Washington, D. C., 2 gray squirrels. Miller, Kenneth, Wheaton, Md., brown water snake. Miller, Ronnie and Kennie, Silver Spring, Md., Ford, Bobbie and Jackie, and Caserta, Mario and Benito, Wheaton, Md., hognosed snake, Blanding’s turtle. Millingham, Elaine, Arlington, Va., eastern skunk. Milne, Robbie, and Beeman, Deane, Bethesda, Md., box turtle, snapping turtle. Monahan, J. P., Falls Church, Va., mourning dove. Montminy, Clarence, Washington, D. C., great horned owl. Morris, D. H., Washington, D. C., opossum and 10 babies. Morrison, Mrs. R., Westmoreland Hills, D. C., Pekin duck. Mount, William, Indianhead, Md., marbled salamander. National Capital Parks, through Evan A. Haynes and Robert Shepherd, Wash- ington, D. C., black-crowned night heron. National Park Service, through A. E. Demaray, Director, and Edmund B. Rogers, Yellowstone National Park, American elk; through Arthur Fawcett, Luray, Va., copperhead snake. Nebel, John, B., Silver Spring, Md., barred owl. Neves, Zeuxis Ferreiro, Brazilian Embassy, Washington, D. C.. copperhead snake. Newcomb, Mr. and Mrs. O., Arlington, Va., 2 opossums. New York Zoological Society, New York, N. Y., Australian tiger snake, Australian red-bellied black snake, Australian copperhead snake; through Brayton Eddy, 6 fer-de-lance snakes. Orr, Mrs. O. C., Washington, D. C., Pekin duck. O’Shea, Chad, and Easter, William, Alexandria, Va., chicken snake. Page, John C., Washington, D. C., tarantula. Paricer, A., Washington, D. C., 2 Pekin ducks. Park Police, D, C., Washington, D. C., Pekin duck. Paulling, John M., Falls Church, Va., brown capuchin. Peeles, Mrs. Tyrus, Hyattsville, Md., red fox. Perkins, F. S., Compton, Md., black snake. Peruvian Embassy, Washington, D. C., barred owl. Philadelphia Zoological Society, 2 rococco toads, Pindell, Charles, Washington, D. C., 2 hamsters. Porter, C. B., Washington, D. C., skunk. Prescott, John W., Washington, D. C., woodcock. Preston, John H., Mt. Pleasant, Pa., 3 cross foxes. Privo, Marcel, Alexandria, Va., king snake. Pullin, William A., Washington, D. C., raccoon. Raditick, D., Washington, D. C., copperhead snake, 3 green snakes, 2 ring-necked snakes, water snake, garter snake. SECRETARY’S REPORT 113 DEPOSITORS AND DONORS AND THEIR GIFTS—continued Rageot, Roger, Washington, D. C., eastern weasel,* flying squirrel,* 2 wood- peckers. Randel, Capt. Hugh, Panama, C. Z., yellow atelopus. Rasser, John, Colmar Manor, Md., green snake. Restrepo, Dr. Gabriel Ospina, Director, Instituto mal de Antropologia Social de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia, 2 pygmy marmosets. Rhodericks, R. M., Washington, D. C., rabbit. Richardson, Robert, Alexandria, Va., 2 Pekin ducks. Ringgold, Robert, Seat Pleasant, Md., red fox. Robert, Mrs. Evie, Washington, D. C., 2 leopard cubs.* Rohrbaugh, A. B., Chevy Chase, Md., sparrow hawk. Schnegg, Paul, Barranquilla, Colombia, 2 black-bellied tree ducks, 2 coral snakes, 2 capybaras. Schultz, Theodore A., Washington, D. C., 2 copperhead snakes. Seegers, Scott, McLean, Va., blue jay.* Seward, Miss M. W., Arlington, Va., 2 Pekin ducks. Shadle, Cebert A., McLean, Va., barred owl. Shaw, Mrs. R. F., Arlington, Va., Chinese mantis. Sherier, James, Alexandria, Va., 7 horned lizards. Sherwood Elementary School (children of), through Mrs. Mary R. Heffner and Mrs. Millet Genetti, Sandy Springs, Md., 4 cottontail rabbits. Shoemaker, Lula, Alexandria, Va., screech owl. Skinner, Carlton, Governor of Guam, 7 coconut crabs. Smith, Thomas, Middleburg, Va., rhesus monkey. Smith, Wm., Silver Spring, Md., Pekin duck. Solman, Mary Louise and Spike, Beltsville, Md., rabbit. Sparks, Pete, Washington, D. C., banded krait,* 2 Russell’s vipers,* 2 spectacled cobras.* Sparks, Mrs. Richard, Alexandria, Va., chipmunk. Stearn, Larry, Bethesda, Md., Pekin duck. Stephenson, Kathy, Washington, D. C., Pekin duck. Stone, Sue and Sally, Arlington, Va., horned lizard. Stoop, Frances, Washington, D. C., flying squirrel. Straight, David and Michael, Alexandria, Va., garter snake. Stripe, Mrs. Carol, Bethesda, Md., gray squirrel. Suter, Courtney, Washington, D. C., horned lizard. Sutherland, A. L., Jr., Arlington, Va., DeKay’s snake. Terrell, Marlynn M., Washington, D. C., Pekin duck. Thomas, Mrs. J. W., College Park, Md., flying squirrel. Thorne, Mrs. E. N., Fullerton, Md., white-throated capuchin. Tingley, F. S., Washington, D. C., white rabbit. Trans-Lux Theater, Washington, D. C., 2 lion cubs.* Troolnick, Mrs. Doris, Burke, Va., pilot black snake, garter snake. Turner, Robert, Charlotte, N. C., great horned owl. Turner, S. M., Washington, D. C., turtle. Vann, Nina, Olney, Md., skunk. Warfield, Miss, Washington, D. C., 2 horned lizards.* Warren, C. W., Fairfax, Va., raccoon. Washington, Bufford S., Washington, D. C., 40 golden hamsters. Webb, J. B., Bethesda, Md., 2 white rabbits. Weber, R. C., Arlington, Va., red-bellied turtle. 114 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 DEPOSITORS AND DONORS AND THEIR GIFTS—eontinued Weeks, Ben T., Booneville, Miss., 2 rat snakes. Wilkie, D., Arlington, Va., white rabbit. Williams, Frank, Washington, D. C., South American opossum. Williams, Robert, Jr., Washington, D. C.,3 guinea pigs. Wilson, J. A., Washington, D. C., 2 barred owls. Wolski, Jos. H., Detroit, Mich., Massasauga rattlesnake, 8 fox snakes, Wright, Mrs. Marion, Washington, D. C., Pekin duck. Wyatt, Walter, Washington, D. C., canary, 2 canary-siskin hybrids. Young, Mrs. Lottie, Silver Spring, Md., 50 guinea pigs. Zimmerman, Mrs. Dorothy, Arlington, Va., red fox. BIRTHS AND HATCHINGS MAMMALS Scientific name Common name Number Ammotragus lervia..._..--.------- AUG a G2 5 ie tel cae eae 6 Aeteles geoffroyi vellerosus_--__------ Spider monkey___._____________ 1 BOS ECU TUES aes ih aes a na IE NGI ea OL British park ecattle___-_.__________ 5 IBubalussbuboalisesa se oe eee Water, buffalo. jc 5 sek oie 1 Camelus bactrianus_.._____-------- Bactrian camels. 22). eee 1 Canisslatrans so eye ee esa e Coyotes 2 Yes) sco Re i eg I Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus X C. Hybrid green guenon X _ vervet 1 a. pygerythrus. guenon. Cervusin7 DON ees = oh ae ees ae Japanese deer: « 2. 3005 3 Choeropsis liberzensis. = 2 Pygmy hippopotamus___________ 24 Cryptomys lugardi______._____-__-- Blesum@] iyo eee ei oe 4 Cainreulis paca sas iil wea se eee Pacal ee oe eo ee als Sa 3 Dien ahs { Brown fallow deer______________ 3 TELM MOU ane RI Te TT) White fallow deer_____________- 4 TER UERTOCEO US PALA Sim ae tke aN Aan Patas monkeys os a2 2 ee 1 TATS TATE GE Te SUNS NAR OEE A Bia) a easeetatyeMesee ng SseMe NSH Ce Same FEO 5. Giraffa camelopardalis__________--- Nubianyeara fie 2 ce isk sau 2 Ey dropotes: 1Nenm7s sos eas ee Chinese water deer__-_________- 2 Lama glama guanicoe__---__------- Guanacoe orc Neo aie 1 TEC INGNDACOS ayia eee AID ACR oo os ee ee 1 Leontocebus rosalia- 12. Sees es Golden, or lion-headed, marmoset_ 2 Odocoileus virginianus_-_..._------ Vireiniandeen.) sei 0. ia 2 aU ies 4 Otocyonnmegalotisy es oe Tae as Big-eared foxs 40 cies is ee 2 Ra pro ha mad yasa es osc euee nee Hamadryas baboon__-__________ 1 Thalarctos maritimus X Ursus Hybrid bear__--_________.____- 5 middendor fii. Warlnes frelya i) eu sa ginny Mii ageg ent Silverfox seus sie aaa ee ey I BIRDS Aniasplatymymchosae sy ucsiaaustiyn sian UG Ro Chiles Mart wale aay aS 22, Anas platyrhynchos X A. p. domestica. Hybrid mallard-Pekin___________ 2 Branta canadensis ssa. oases Canada; goose. 25a 2 se ees 6 Chenopisiatrata=* 2 aes aN Blacks swans cs ic ig We cues ae Be EUTY DY GG: M0) OT ms epaeh tare nea Suntbitterm sta gain ais Maa 3 Galizisigallics ova ' cme) Alte inline Red sjunglefowl)2 2) see 2 Nycticorax nycticorax hoactli_______- Black-crowned night heron_____-_ 16 JEORD CROSTINI Ne 1 BLereh oy id Wiceie weer Tee eI Wie EG 2 Taentopygia castanotis___..___.-__- Zebra in chive! soci sw vasi sip manasa 2 SECRETARY’S REPORT A 115 REPTILES : Scientific name Common name Number Agkustrodon mokeson. 2) eos uals Copperhead snake______________ 10 Agkistrodon piscivorus_____-------- Cottonmouth moceasin_________- 1 IBYHIS COGS Ss iy os eg hes a Pits aol cl eyecare seedy 33 Constrictor constrictor_.____________~ Boarconsirictora: au ee ees 54 It is particularly gratifying that the original pair of big-eared foxes (Otocyon megalotis) produced their second litter and raised them successfully, and that three young were hatched from the eggs laid by the original pair of sun bitterns (“urypga major). STATUS OF THE COLLECTION Species or + Species or Indi- Class subspecies | Individuals Class subspecies | viduals Miamimeals epee see Tak 233 (24) PIN SC CiS Bases ae eee ee 2 103 IBindseaes pees se) 332 1,160 || Mollusks___-------------- 2 11 ING OMG eee ee ee 119 529 Pees aU al [Pee eet Amphibians-------------- 21 101 To teal see AG OR 730 2, 813 TOS GLU Se a a 21 185 SUMMARY Anmimalsson mands Iwlyod) P9508) sae ol NN i gl a 2, 821 NCCESsIOnoidUTIng the year. se cog 8 ae ge i Ue a Dae ae 1, 768 Total number of animals in collection during the year___________- 4,589 Removals for various reasons such as death, exchanges, return of animals OMEGEMOSIG ZEEC es er irim toys 2 Cree eae gar eee eee ee 1, 776 Imngcollection: oni Jume sO), 1:9 yi ee ee a a ee ee es 2, 813 MAINTENANCE AND IMPROVEMENTS In July 1950 a portion of the arched acoustical block ceiling in the large-mammal house fell. The building was immediately closed to the public, and the Public Buildings Administration was requested to make a study of the condition to determine the extent of the neces- sary repairs and how best to do them. On their advice a deficiency appropriation of $63,000 was obtained, and the work of repairing the entire ceiling was undertaken under a contract handled by the Public Buildings Administration. Most of the work was completed by June 30, 1951. Progress was made during the year in repairing and improving buildings, cages, roads, and walks. New bear cages were built in the line above the reptile house; 2,000 linear feet of 7-foot fence around four deer and mountain-sheep paddocks were replaced ; the steel frame of the silver-gull cage was repaired and painted, and the cage was re-covered with new wire fabric; the wolf and fox cages were exten- sively repaired; a new shelter house was constructed for the wild hog; 116 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 a 6-foot concrete sidewalk, 600 feet in length, was constructed along the base of lion-house hill between the mechanical shops and the cross roads; 7,800 square feet of bituminous surfacing was laid between walks and roads to prevent erosion; 900 linear feet of cement copings for roads and walks were constructed; electric hot-water heaters were installed in the small-mammal house, reptile house, monkey house, lion house, mechanical shops and Director’s office to provide hot water at locations where it had not previously been available; the wooden park benches were extensively repaired and painted; 60 table tops and legs, 12 bench legs with arms, and 24 table tops were cast of concrete; and a new waterproof electric cable with lamps was installed in the underground steam conduit from the central heating plant to the large-mammal house. NEEDS OF THE ZOO Replacement of antiquated structures that have long since ceased to be suitable for the purposes for which they are used is still the principle need of the Zoo. The more urgently needed buildings are: (1) A new administration building to replace the 146-year-old historic landmark which is now in use as an office building for the Zoo but which is neither suitably located nor well adapted for the purpose; (2) a new building to house antelopes and other medium-sized hoofed animals that require a heated building; and (3) a fireproof service building for receiving shipments of animals, quarantining animals, caring for animals in ill health or those that cannot be placed on exhibition. Respectfully submitted. W. M. Mann, Director. Dr. A. WETMORE, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. APPENDIX 8 REPORT ON THE ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the opera- tions of the Astrophysical Observatory for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1951: The two divisions of the Astrophysical Observatory, the division of astrophysical research engaged in the study of solar radiation and the division of radiation and organisms concerned with radiation effects on organisms, report improvement in instrumentation and in results obtained. Dr. R. B. Withrow, chief of the division of radiation and organisms, with a staff of six research men, has augmented the program outlined in last year’s report to include a new biochemical investigation of photomorphogenesis in green plants, under contract with the Atomic Energy Commission. Dr. Withrow’s division occupies offices in the tower of the Smith- sonian building, with laboratories in the west end of the basement. The laboratories, recently completely reconditioned, form an excel- lent setting for the specialized work of the division. The division of astrophysical research and part of the shop fa- cilities occupy a group of small structures just south of the Smith- sonian Building. These buildings were this year sheathed in asbestos: shingles, not only to improve their appearance but also to make them warmer in winter and cooler in summer. On February 24 and 25, 1951, the Director attended a conference at the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Boston, on “The Sun in the Service of Man.” The stimulating program and discussions emphasized one fact—that man must learn to make better use of the energy received daily from the sun if he is to avoid hunger and dis- comfort in the not too distant future. Sixty years ago this fact was uppermost in the mind of Samuel P. Langley when he founded the Astrophysical Observatory. DIVISION OF ASTROPHYSICAL RESEARCH Two high-altitude field stations for solar observations—at Monte- zuma, Chile, and Table Mountain, Calif.—have continued in operation throughout the year. Reestablishment of a third station was still uncertain at the close of the fiscal year, inasmuch as the requested 117 118 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 funds had not been provided. Clark Mountain, near the Nevada border in southern California, a region whose annual precipitation averages about 3 inches, has been chosen as the best available location in North America for this proposed station. W. H. Hoover, chief of the division, conducted special studies at the Table Mountain station during October and November 1950. He returned to the station at the close of the fiscal year to continue these studies. Dr. W. E. Forsythe, of Cleveland, Ohio, who during the past 214 years has prepared the ninth revised edition of the Smithsonian Physi- cal Tables, submitted his completed manuscript on June 1, 1951. Work in Washington.—As in previous years, the monthly solar- constant records from the two field stations have been checked, com- puted when necessary, and final corrections applied. Four reports have been submitted to the Office of the Quartermaster General summarizing the radiation observations made at Montezuma, Chile, during the year. These observations, a part of the textile- exposure work under contract with the Quartermaster Department and referred to in previous reports, were completed May 10. The Quartermaster Department has indicated a desire to start a new series of studies at Montezuma and also at the proposed Clark Mountain station. Some years ago the Observatory developed an instrument, called the melikeron, to measure outgoing radiation from the earth to space. Several of these instruments have been used with fair success by the United States Weather Bureau and others, and it has been the hope to improve the melikeron and make it a more sensitive recording instrument. Inasmuch as the Meteorological Division, Chemical Corps, Camp Detrick, Md., is interested in the same general problem, it was arranged to work cooperatively. At the close of the year a new instrument was being assembled and undergoing preliminary tests and calibration at Camp Detrick. During the year two silver-disk pyrheliometers were built, cali- brated, and sold at cost as follows: S. I. No. 83 to the Government of Israel, Jerusalem. S. I. No. 85 to the Air Force, Cambridge Research Laboratories, Cam- bridge, Mass. A third pyrheliometer was lent to the Radiological Defense Labora- tory, San Francisco, Calif., and three new orders were received. It is a satisfaction to note the continued demand for Smithsonian pyrheli- ometers. Since Dr. Abbot designed the silver-disk instrument 40 years ago, over 100 have been built. Eighty-four have been sold to interested institutions : 34 are in various parts of Europe, 19 in North America, 10 in South America, 14 in Asia and Australia, and 7 in Africa. In SECRETARY’S REPORT 119 consequence the Smithsonian standard scale of radiation has been made available throughout the whole world. Dr. Abbot, research associate since his retirement from administra- tive work, continues his special studies, and Dr. Henryk Arctowski continues his researches concerning solar and terrestrial atmospheres. Work in the field—Last year’s report mentioned the new concrete observing tunnel on Table Mountain, Calif., about 100 feet west of the old tunnel, in which the spectrobolometric equipment formerly used at Tyrone, N. Mex., had been set up. This gave duplicate equip- ment in the two tunnels, and at the beginning of the year a series of simultaneous observations was in progress, observing through iden- tical skies. The series continued for 40 observing days, including 8 long-method days. Detailed comparisons of the observations showed satisfactory agreement. One unexpected difference persisted through the observations, namely, the ratio of the galvanometer deflections for successive wavelengths changed progressively through the spec- * old tunnel deflection ° ° trum. The SPELL DS started at about 1.150 in the violet end and decreased to 0.960 in the red end. These differences in de- flections are compensated for by the transmission factors, which are regularly determined for each individual spectrobolometer and the deflections altered accordingly. Following this series of observations, the stellite mirrors in the new tunnel were replaced by aluminized mirrors. As expected, this mate- rially increased the deflections in the new tunnel—a gain of twofold in the red end and approximately fivefold in the violet end. A second series of simultaneous observations, one tunnel with stellite mirrors and the other with aluminized, is now in progress. Mr. Hoover took with him to Table Mountain a specially built double spectroscope with rock-salt prisms, designed to measure the ozone absorption in the infrared, between 9 and 10 microns wavelength. This was mounted and tested in the new tunnel. A new and important project has developed at Table Mountain, re- sulting from a paper published in 1931 by Dr. Oliver R. Wulf, of the United States Weather Bureau and the California Institute of Technology, on the determination of ozone by spectrobolometric meas- urements (Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 85, No. 9). Dr. Wulf has long felt that a method could be developed for daily measurement of the quantity of ozone in the upper atmosphere from the Smithsonian solar-constant records. He bases his method on the relatively weak Chappuis absorption bands in the yellow-orange region of the visible spectrum. Dr. Wulf fortunately was able to spend some days on Table Mountain, working on the details of his method. On February 1, 1951, the Table Mountain staff started the required daily measure- ments. Preliminary results look promising, and the method will be 971103—51——9 120 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 strengthened as more data accumulate. It is hoped that a daily de- termination from our bolographs of the quantity of ozone in the upper’ atmosphere may become a regular part of our records at the Table: Mountain station. DIVISION OF RADIATION AND ORGANISMS (Report prepared by R. B. Withrow) During the past 2 years the division of radiation and organisms has: been setting up specialized equipment and facilities for an investiga- tion of the plant photochemical reactions involving photomorpho- genesis, which is a light reaction controlling the growth and develop- ment of higher plants, and photoperiodism which is another light reaction controlling the flowering of many higher plants. Wave- lengths in the red end of the spectrum from about 600 to 700 my are the most effective in producing these responses. The first experimentation has involved photomorphogenesis as it pertains to the effect of red light on leaf expansion and pigment forma- tion in seedlings of bean and corn. In the dark, a young bean seedling develops with a sharp bend just. below the bud, called a plumular hook,. and the leaves fail to develop beyond a very immature stage. With very low intensities of red light, leaf expansion occurs quite rapidly, nodes develop from the bud, and the plant form approaches normal. Heretofore, with such developmental reactions there has always been associated other photochemical reactions as chlorophyll synthesis. and photosynthesis. Since the elucidation of the biochemistry of photomorphogenesis: is greatly complicated by the simultaneous occurrence of other light- controlled reactions, an attempt has been made to induce photomor- phogenesis independently of other light pracesses. Special dyed gel- atin light filters have been prepared which have a sharp cut-off at about 730 my, so that they transmit only wavelengths longer than the cut-off, but strongly absorb the sherter wavelengths. In bean it has been found possible to cause almost complete development of leaves and the first few internodes without any measurable synthesis of chlorophyll; thus photomorphogenesis has been excited with only the most minute traces of chlorophyll synthesis, no photosynthesis, and no phototropic reaction. From this it is evident that the photomorpho- genic reaction has an action spectrum that goes a little farther into the infrared than that of the other photochemical reactions. By using the 436 my line from a mercury are isolated with a blue filter, it has been possible to produce bean plants in which the leaf development occurred to a very small degree, but yet considerable chlorophyll synthesis took place. The blue-treated plants. had roughly 10,000 times as much chlorophyll as the 730-mp-treated! SECRETARY'S REPORT 121 plants. It is thus concluded that protochlorophyll and chlorophyll as photoactivating pigments are probably not associated with photo- morphogenesis and that some other pigment must be present which is causing this reaction. Pigment analysis showed that the corn and bean plants treated with radiation in the range from 730 to about 1,000 mp developed from 50 to 100 percent more protochlorophyll, carotenoids, and, in the case of bean, anthocyanin pigments per unit of fresh tissue than those kept in the dark. On a per-plant basis, the increase varied from 200 to 300 percent depending upon temperature and intensity. Higher plants can grow “normally,” the normal being considered the growth form of a sunlight-grown plant, when a balanced spectrum involving the proper proportions of blue and red radiation are pres- ent. At moderate intensities of blue light, where there is sufficient photosynthesis, growth is rather poor with most higher plants, and the plants appear short and stunted. In red light of the same energy, growth is rapid but the plants are tall and weak-stemmed. Since the alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa is a standard test object that has been studied in relation to photosynthesis and can be grown rapidly and reproductively under precisely controlled conditions, it was consid- ered desirable to test whether growth of Chlorella is dependent upon the red-light reaction necessary for the growth of higher plants. Chlorella cultures were grown under blue radiation from a mercury lamp isolated at 485.8 mp, and the red cultures were grown in an incandescent band from 635 to 670 mp. Results thus far indicate that Chlorella is not dependent upon the same photomorphogenic red-light reactions as the higher plants, since growth in the blue-treated cul- tures is similar to that in the red-treated cultures when equal quantum energies are used. However, there is evidence that the blue cultures contain more chlorophyll. Thus growth with Chlorella appears to be dependent entirely upon the rate of supply of the products of photo- synthesis. The other photochemical reactions do not appear to be limiting as in higher plants. Gas-exchange studies made in a Warburg manometric apparatus have indicated that in Chlorella there is no detectable increase in respiration rate with radiation of wavelengths beyond 730 mp» and there is, likewise, no photosynthesis. Thus these radiations that pro- duce such marked growth reactions in higher plants produce no measurable reactions in Chlorella. A second phase of the research has dealt with the effect of growth regulators on salt uptake and water exchange by plants. The par- ticular reference plant used was black valentine bean and the growth regulator was ammonium 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate acid. The up- take of salts was measured continuously by a recording electronic 122 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 conductance bridge especially designed for the purpose. Absorption of various nitrates, chlorides, and sulfates of potassium, calcium, and magnesium was studied. The results indicate that there is a marked reduction in salt uptake when the plants are treated with NH,-2,4—D and that this reduction is concomitant with a reduction in growth and does not precede it. With all salts except potassium and calcium nitrates, the reduced uptake does not appear until 24 to 48 hours after application of the regulator. In the case of potassium and calcium nitrate the effect begins within the first 24 hours. It was also found that water absorption was markedly reduced when either the bud or primary leaf of bean was treated with NH.-2,4-D, the greater reduction occurring when the leaf was treated. The re- duction was not related to an effect on a root mechanism since it oc- curred on excised shoots to the same magnitude as in whole plants. A rapid weighing technic showed that the loss of water from the plant treated with NH,-2,4-D was considerably less than for plants not so treated, indicating that transpiration is greatly reduced by treatment with 2,4-D. During the year a contract was assigned to the division by the Atomic Energy Commission to study the effect of radiation on the growth and development of plants. A contract renewal was awarded by the Biological Department, Chemical Corps, Camp Detrick, Md., to continue physiological studies of the effect of growth regulators on plants. Respectfully submitted. L. B. Aupricu, Director. Dr. A. WETMORE, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. APPENDIX 9 REPORT ON THE NATIONAL AIR MUSEUM Sim: I have the honor to submit the following report on the activities of the National Air Museum for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1951: HIGHLIGHTS Because of the tense international situation this year the National Air Museum encountered difficult obstacles in the conduct of its op- erations. As the program progressed, rumor of the reuse of war plants became fact, and before the close of the year the Air Museum was ordered to vacate its storage facility at Park Ridge, IIl., to make way for aircraft manufacture. Despite such deterrent factors, how- ever, all normal functions of the bureau were carried on, including the maintenance of the exhibited collections in Washington, the opera- tion of the storage facility near Chicago, the survey for aeronautical museum material, and the conducting of the bureau’s informational services. Although new material added to the aeronautical collections was less in quantity than usual, the quality equaled that received in former years. Foremost on the list of 99 objects received was the Bell X-1 supersonic airplane, considered by many to be the greatest forward step in aeronautics since the Wright Brothers’ invention of the Kztty Hawk. The acquisition of this important addition to the aeronautical collections and notes of other worthwhile items received are further described under the heading “Accessions and Events.” ADVISORY BOARD This year one meeting of the Advisory Board of the National Air Museum was held, on June 28, 1951, called primarily to consider the problem of the required removal of the Air Museum’s collections stored in the former Douglas bomber manufacturing plant, Park Ridge, Ill. The Board formally reaffirmed its belief in the great historical and technical value of the collections and directed that all possible care be taken to effect the preservation of the aircraft and other components of the collections. In this connection, the wholehearted cooperation of the Departments of the Navy and Air Force was assured. 123 124 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 Changes in the composition of the Advisory Board were announced as follows: Lt. Gen. K. B. Wolfe, United States Air Force, on retiring from active duty was succeeded by Maj. Gen. Donald L. Putt, United States Air Force. Rear Adm. A. M. Pride, Bureau of Aeronautics, Department of the Navy, upon assignment away from Washington was succeeded by Rear Adm. Thomas 8S. Combs. STEPHENSON BEQUEST Public Law 722, by which the National Air Museum was established August 12, 1946, authorized the Smithsonian Institution to accept as a gift from George H. Stephenson, of Philadelphia, Pa., an appro- priate statue of Brig. Gen. William Mitchell. Mr. Stephenson died on July 17, 1949, leaving a bequest of $15,000 to the Smithsonian for the proposed memorial. This has been accepted following a feasible interpretation of the bequest under agreement between the Smith- sonian and the executors of the Stephenson Estate, with approval of the Orphan’s Court of Philadelphia County. Toward the close of this fiscal year, the bequest was received, and plans for the memorial were initiated. CURATORIAL ACTIVITIES The curator, Paul E. Garber, reports on the year’s work as follows: In an effort to alleviate the crowded condition of the aeronautical displays, provide space for the bureau’s laboratory and shop, and permit the exhibition of some of the new and timely accessions, many exhibits were moved and rearranged this year. In addition, several important items in the collections were removed from exhibition and carefully stored. Since its organization, the workshop facilities of the bureau had been contained in small rooms in two buildings. Operations were hampered, and it was decided to convert a portion of the exhibition area in the Aircraft Building into a single laboratory. Some of the exhibition space lost by this transaction was regained by the construc- tion of display cases recessed into the exterior Feats of the new shop, and the condition of the bureau’s reference files and library was im- proved by extending these units into one of the old shops. Another major readjustment was the concentration of all aircraft engines in “engine row” along the north side of the Aircraft Building. The en- gines have been chronologically arranged and provided with improved exhibition stands, better labeling, and a protective railing. This con- centration provided floor space for the display of a portion of a full- sized fuselage of a current United States Air Force fighter, the Re- public F-84 thunderjet, a type now in service in Korea. SECRETARY'S REPORT 125 The installation of the Bell supersonic X—1 was a major project. Unlike aircraft generally, the X-1 was built as an integral structure without the usual attachments and fittings that permit assembly or disassembly. As its size did not permit its movement into the mu- seum’s exhibition hall through existing entrances, a 30-foot length of wall was removed from the side of the Aircraft Building to allow the X-1 to be placed inside the building. In this undertaking the bureau had the cooperation of United States Air Force personnel and equip- ment and of the Bell Aircraft Corp. Two of the full-sized aircraft—the Spad XIII, World War I fighter, and the F-5-L, World War I Naval patrol bomber—received extensive repairs. The exhibition of the Wright Brothers’ Wind ‘Tunnel was improved by adding a copy of the bench grinder, fan, and belt, which provided the wind current, and the small truck used to launch the original Kitty Hawk. ACCESSIONS AND EVENTS The outstanding accession of the year was the Bell supersonic air- plane X-1 noted above. This was formally presented to the Air Mu- seum by Gen. Hoyt S. Vandenberg on behalf of the United States Air Force and accepted by Dr. Alexander Wetmore, Secretary of the Smithsonian, on August 26, 1951, at Logan Airport, Boston, Mass., during the National Air Fair. Participating in the ceremony were Lawrence D. Bell, president of Bell Aircraft Corp. which constructed the airplane, Lovell Lawrence, Jr., president of Reaction Motors, Inc., makers of the rocket engine which powered the X-1, and Capt. Charles BE. Yeager, United States Air Force, who first piloted the X-1 through the sonic barrier on October 14, 1947. A second accession of note was a duplicate of the first ram-jet engine to achieve thrust over drag and attain supersonic speed. This type of jet engine was developed for the United States Navy by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Silver Spring, Md. The first successful demonstration occurred on June 13, 1945, when a speed of about 1,500 miles an hour was attained. The original engine was lost in the ocean off Island Beach, N. J., where the experiment took place, but a duplicate composed of original parts, sectioned to show construction and operation details, was prepared for the Na- tional Air Museum. Its presentation was made at a ceremony held in the Aircraft Building on November 29, 1951, in which Rear Adm. A. G. Nobel, Chief of the Bureau of Ordnance, United States Navy, Dr. R. E. Gibson, Director of the Laboratory, and his associate, Dr. Wilbur H. Goss, participated. Carl W. Mitman, Assistant to the Sec- retary for the National Air Museum, accepted the gift. 126 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 An outstanding aeronautical event celebrated during the year was the fortieth anniversary of Naval Airplane Carrier Operations. Such operations were instituted on January 18, 1911, by Eugene Ely, an associate of Glenn H. Curtiss, pioneer aircraft manufacturer, when he landed upon and took off from a special deck platform constructed - on the U.S. S. Pennsylvania anchored in San Francisco Harbor. That successful experiment demonstrated the utility of the aircraft carrier, which proved to be such a vital factor in World War II. To mark the anniversary the Museum obtained a scale model of the old U. S. S. Pennsylvania and constructed on its stern deck a scale reproduction of the special landing platform and arresting gear used by Ely. Upon this a model of his airplane was placed illustrating the moment of suc- cessful landing. The Museum meanwhile had acquired by transfer from the Department of the Navy an early Curtiss airplane engine identified as the one that powered Eugene Ely’s airplane on this his- toric occasion. The engine was procured through Don Coe, Buffalo, N. Y. These two accessions, together with a series of photographs illustrating carrier development from 1911 to the present, were com- bined attractively into a special exhibit which, for the anniversary, was placed first in the foyer of the Navy Department and later ex- hibited in the Pentagon. The exhibit is now permanently incorpo- rated in the Museum’s collections. Three full-sized aircraft of historical or technical significance were added to the collections, in addition to the Bell X-1. They are the trans-Isthmian tractor airplane, designed, constructed, and flown across Panama in 1913 by the renowned pilot Robert C. Fowler; the Northrop F-61 of World War II origin believed to be the first type of American fighter designed specifically for night operations; and the McDonnell helicopter W hirlaway, the first twin-engined helicopter and prototype of the heavy lift designs now under development. These three aircraft are in storage until a museum building is provided. Among the aircraft engines added, the original Pratt & Whitney Wasp engine No. 1, which in 1925 laid the foundation for that com- pany’s development of radial engines, is outstanding. In addition, two sectionalized and operating Wright radial engines of World War II era, received from the Navy, help both student and layman to understand the workings of this complicated type of internal- combustion engine. Guided missiles, also received from the Navy, not only furnish important examples of both German and American types, but also provide, in their engines, forms of jet propulsion that supplement the types shown in the Museum’s engine display. A Series of miniature engines as used on model airplanes is of particular interest to younger flyers. A unique addition to the propeller collec- SECRETARY'S REPORT 127 tion was received from Stanford University, namely, the experimental test model of a controllable pitch propeller embodying features de- veloped in 1918 by Dr. W. F. Durand and his associate, Dr. E. P. Lesley. Dr. Durand has made many important contributions to aeronautics. _ Other accessions worthy of note are an original oil portrait of Wilbur Wright done from life by J. A. Herve Mathe, received from Gen. Frank P. Lahm, U. S. A. (ret.), and his sister, Mrs. Frank Parker; and the Harmon Trophy established by Clifford B. Harmon in memory of the Lafayette Escadrille of World War I and awarded for outstanding accomplishments in aeronautics. The Air Museum is recognized as a logical repository for renowned trophies. A full list of the year’s accessions is presented at the close of this report. STORAGE With more than two-thirds of the collection of full-sized aircraft in storage because of the lack of an adequate building, storage-facility operations loom large in the bureau’s management. The principal storage facility during 1951, as in the previous 2 years, was the former Douglas DC-4 plant at Park Ridge, I]. The program of operations there concerns the guarding, preservation, and cataloging of aircraft, engines, and components, and their preparation for eventual shipment to Washington. Other programs include evaluation of specimens, screening and salvaging of material, research on design details of aeronautical items, and special informational services. All opera- tions were advanced during the year with the result that of the 82 full-sized aircraft on a retained status, 33 had been boxed for ship- ment, 11 had been disassembled for boxing, 27 were ready for dis- assembly, and 11 were assembled and made flyable. Of the 106 engines only 5 remained unboxed. About 5,000 components are now boxed, but many of the containers require repair. Technical research by the staff resulted in the selection and segrega- tion of a number of details of aircraft construction which are being prepared for display. These include samples of Japanese wing-rib stitching, a German rocker box hold-down fitting, a German saw- toothed entering edge from an He-177 wing for severing cables of barrage balloons, a German cable clamp, German pulley, and other items believed in each instance to incorporate features that are of interest to designers and engineers. Informational service included furnishing data on aircraft details to pilots and mechanics servicing airplanes of types similar to those in the collection, guided tours of the collection for groups of United States Air Force personnel studying design features of foreign air- craft, loans of significant specimens for official educational and re- 128 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 cruiting displays, and preparation of special exhibitions for Armed! Forces Day. To record historical and design details of specimens, the staff de-- vised and installed a special card-index system, and by the close of the year cards had been prepared for all aircraft, engines, parachutes,, and flight clothing. This information will expedite the preparation of permanent records at the Washington office. The operation of the storage facility this year was under the immediate supervision of the associate curator, Walter Male. His staff consisted of two clerks,, three mechanics, two carpenters, and four guards. Space occupied’ by the stored collections, office, and shop at Park Ridge remained at: 147,600 square feet throughout the year. Naval aircraft being retained for the Museum are stored at the Naval Base, Norfolk, Va. Additions during the year included several en-- gines and the McDonnell Whirlaway helicopter. Donors who are as- sisting the Museum by storage of significant aircraft include Howard: Hughes with his transcontinental record holder of 1937, and Stanley Hiller with one of his early coaxial helicopters. During the year,, storage at Washington was relieved by shipping to Park Ridge two aircraft, six engines, and a quantity of components, models, and other: items which had been removed from exhibition to relieve congestion.. COOPERATIVE PROJECTS AND INFORMATIONAL SERVICES Assistance to other Government departments included: for the State Department, furnishing historical data on rigid airships; and for the Department of Justice, tracing development of various types of con- nectors and handles used in parachute harnesses, and checking cockpit installations as adapted to blind-flying operations. This research was in connection with patent priority investigations. The Museum pro- vided and assisted in posing models of aircraft and items of insignia and flight clothing for a motion picture being prepared for the Air Force. The use of identifying marks and insignia on aircraft was traced for the heraldic office of the Air Force, and one of its historical- research analysts was assisted in preparation of data on the Wright Brothers. At the request of Kirtland Air Force Base, a Japanese fighter airplane, Oscar, was made available from the excess examples stored at Park Ridge. The Department of the Navy consulted the Museum to determine details of one of its early Curtiss aircraft—the Triad of 1911. This information was supplied from photographs and texts in the Faurote collection of Curtiss data acquired several years ago. The Naval Bureau of Ordnance Laboratory was lent a scale model of the Curtiss SB2C for use in preparing a larger model, and the Bureau of Navi- gation was assisted in identifying an early bubble sextant adapted SECRETARY’S REPORT 129 for aerial navigation. The Navy’s research workers investigating rocket propulsion were given information regarding some of the basic work performed by Robert Goddard by reference to the collection of Goddard rockets and apparatus in the Museum. The spectacular employment of helicopters in the Korean war was the subject of a meeting called by the Public Relations Office of the Navy’s Bureau of Aeronautics at which the curator furnished data on types and assisted in planning a display and flight program held later in the year in Washington under the direction of the Aviation Industries Association. The National Advisory Committee for Aero- nautics received assistance in editing articles on the scientific aspects of the Wright Brothers’ accomplishments. One of the flight projects being conducted by that Committee required the use of an F-61 North- rop Black Widow, a night fighter developed during World War II. Use of the Museum’s example was requested ; it was flight-conditioned and lent to the N. A. C. A. for this important purpose. Both the Air Force and the Navy were aided in the preparation of educational exhibits for Armed Forces Day displays involving use of Museum material. The Naval Historical Foundation was assisted in the preparation of a Naval aviation historical exhibit at the Trux- tun-Decatur Naval Museum in Washington. Two airlines—United and Capital—celebrated anniversaries this year and requested assist- ance from the Museum in planning their programs and displays. Pratt & Whitney Aircraft required basic information on cooling of aircraft engines and were gratified to find helpful examples in Museum ma- terial; this company was also assisted in making available to the Museum of Science in Boston an early example of their Wasp engine. The compilers of the Aircraft Year Book again called upon the Mu- seum while preparing their review of the year’s accomplishments, and many authors, artists, and modelmakers were helped in various projects. The National Aeronautic Association again appointed the curator a member of their committee that selected the annual recipient of the Brewer Trophy, awarded for advancing the interests of air youth education; the recipient was Lt. Comdr. John Burton. The Institute of Aeronautical Sciences was lent one of the rockets from the Robert Goddard collection, with approval of the Daniel and Florence Guggen- heim Foundation, which prepared the original exhibition. During the year the curator by request lectured on the history of aeronautics before several church, school, Boy Scout, and business organizations; and he and other members of the staff conducted a number of special tours of the collection for special groups including four large units of Air Force and Naval officers studying aeronautical history, structural characteristics, and aircraft recognition features. 130 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Each year the Air Museum receives, in addition to its accessions, very helpful assistance from many sources. Particular acknowledg- ment this year is accorded to the United States Air Force for trans- porting the X-1 supersonic airplane from Boston to Washington; to the Bell Aircraft Corp. for preparing this plane for exhibition; and to the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics for furnishing data on its flights. The United States Air Force also supplied a crew to assist the Museum’s exhibits workers in dismantling the DeHav- illand-4 to make room for the X-1. The United States Air Force and Republic Aviation cooperated in preparing for exhibition the cockpit and nose portion of the F-84 thunderjet previously men- tioned. The Navy furnished a crew to move the F9C-2 Akron fighter airplane and to move, repair, and paint the hull of the transatlantic NCH. William B. Stout, Advisory Board member, constructed a replica of his Sky Car fuselage and fitted it to the existing units of this famous plane previously in the Museum’s custody, thus restoring it to its original appearance. The reference files, which constitute a valuable source of informa- tion used in preparation of labels for specimens, for research by the staff, and in answering inquiries from visitors and correspondents, were greatly improved during the year by important donations. The Consolidated Vultee Aircraft Corp. gave a collection of 44 framed photographs of aircraft produced by this company and its associates; Mr. and Mrs. W. S. Clime, of Old Lyme, Conn., presented photo- graphs, articles, and clippings relative to the flights at Fort Myer, Va., in 1908-09 by the Wright Brothers; Joseph M. Gwinn, Jr., of Buffalo, N. Y., forwarded data on the Gwinn Aircar of 1937; Miss Elsa Needham, of Washington, D. C., gave photographs of lighter-than-air erait; R. M. Kinderman, of Hazlet, N. J., 1,744 items, mainly aero- nautical journals dating from 1911 to 1940 including several complete volumes; Benjamin Kohn, of Washington, D. C., photographs of the first World Flight, 1924, and the Good Will Flight to Latin America in 1926-27; Alois Schlachter, of Fort Lauderdale, Fla., photographs of prominent aeronautical personages, and material associated with Zeppelin airship operations; Mrs. Clara Studer, of Elmhurst, N. Y., author of “Sky Storming Yankee,” the source material used in writing this biography of Glenn Hammond Curtiss; and from other sources, photographs, scrapbooks, trade journals, books, and reference items to expand this very useful fund of aero- nautical knowledge. SECRETARY’S REPORT 131 SURVEY The Air Museum’s survey for potential aeronautical material was pursued as in former years and included the following trips: North Merritt, L. I., August 21, by Stephen L. Beers, associate curator, to check. authenticity of a Thomas Morse S4C advanced trainer of World War I. Dayton, Ohio, September 4-9, by Robert C. Strobell, associate curator, to examine Air Force material at Wright Patterson Field. St. Louis, Mo., October 28, by Paul E. Garber, curator, to examine airship parts; offered by Mrs. Hazel Jelinek. Annapolis, Md., December 1, by Paul HE. Garber, curator, to inspect aircraft engines and training aids available at the Naval Academy. Quantico, Va., November 9, by Paul E. Garber, curator, to inspect jet engines: available at the Marine Corps Air Base. Hazlet, N. J., January 27-28, by Robert C. Strobell, associate curator, to inspect and procure reference material. Pine Orchard, Conn., May 14-16, by Paul H. Garber, curator, to examine papers and drawings on Gallaudet aircraft. Wilkes-Barre-Scranton Airport, Pa., June 1, by Robert C. Strobell, associate eurator, to check condition of a Curtiss P40 Warhawk. Dayton, Ohio, June 5-8, by Robert C. Strobell, associate curator, to inspect air- craft equipment at Wright Patterson Field. LIST OF ACCESSIONS During the year, 99 specimens were recorded from 30 sources. Those received from other Government departments were acquired by transfer; all others, except those identified as loans in the following list, were gifts: AGRICULTURE, DEPARTMENT OF, Washington D. C.: Two 2-bladed wooden airplane propellers of the World War I era, embodying experimental use of adhesives developed by the Forest Products Laboratory (N. A. M. 701). Atz Forckt, DEPARTMENT OF, Washington, D. C.: The Bell X—1 rocket-propelled airplane, first man-carrying aircraft to achieve supersonic flight, Capt. Charles Yeager, pilot, Gctober 14, 1947 (N. A. M. 697); a Northrop F-61-C Black Widow airplane developed during World War II as a night fighter (N. A. M. 703); (through Col. Frank Kurtz) a large framed map of the Pacific area ané the Americas, showing the flights of the Boeing B-17-—D bomber Swoose (N. A. M. 716). Arg Force, 65TH FIGHTER SQUADRON, 57TH FIGHTER Group, Shaw Air Force Base, Sumter, S. C.: (Through Maj. James C. Hare, U.S. A. F.) An insignia panel “bar front” inscribed with names of airmen and their victories attained with this unit in World War II (N. A. M. 696). AMERICAN LreGion AuUxiLIARy, New York City: (Through Mrs. Willis Reed, Mrs. Harold Taylor, and Miss Felicity Buranelli). The original bronze plaque of Amelia Earhart, sculptured for the Medal-of-the-Month Club by Brenda Put- nam (N. A. M. 714). Ciime, Mr. AnD Mrs. WINFIELD Scott, Old Lyme, Conn.: An American flag flown from Wright Brothers’ 1908 military plane (N. A. M. 699). 132 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 Coppi1ne, Lr. G. H., U.S. A. F., c/o 634th AC&W Sqan., Paine Field, Everett, Wash. : A collection of model aircraft engines and propellers (N. A. M. 702, loan). DELTA Unirorms, New York City: (Through Howard Zeimer) A pilot’s cap of the type worn by personnel of commercial airlines, U. S., 1950 (N. A. M. 706). Eviis, FRANK H., Hollyburn P. O., West Vancouver, British Columbia: Three models of pioneer airplanes built and flown in Canada, 1910-14 (N. A. M. 711). Fow er, Ropert C., San Jose, Calif.: Fowler airplane, 1913, built and flown by donor on first flight across Isthmus of Panama (N. A. M. 694). GRUMMAN AIRCRAFT ENGINEERING Corp., Bethpage, L. I., N. Y.: Three models (1:16) of Grumman airplanes participating in the Korean war (N. A. M. 709). HARMON INTERNATIONAL TROPHIES, New York, N. Y.: (Through Clifford B. Har- mon Trust) An annual award trophy for the most outstanding contributions to the science of flying during the preceding year (N. A. M. 700). JELINEK, Mrs. Hazen SHaw, St. Louis, Mo.: Airship parts from a dirigible of about 1907 (N. A. M. 719). JOHNS HopKINS UNIVERSITY APPLIED PHysics Laporatory, Silver Spring, Md.: A duplicate example of world’s first successful supersonic ram-jet engine and its rocket booster (N. A. M. 698). LaumM, Bric. GEN. FRANK P., U.S. A. (RetT.), AND Mrs. FRANK Parxer, LaJolla, Calif.: A life-size oil portrait of Wilbur Wright painted during life in 1908 by J. A. Herve Mathe (N. A. M. 691, loan). LocKHEED ArIRcrarr Core., Burbank, Calif.: (Through Robert E. Gross, presi- dent) A model of Lockheed F-80 Shooting Star of type flown by Lt. Russell E. Brown, U.S. A. F., in winning first jet airplane combat, Korea, 1950 (N. A. M. 715). McDonNELL AIRCRAFT CorP., St. Louis, Mo.: The twin-engined helicopter XHJD Whirlaway (N. A. M. 718). MEREDITH, Capt. SPENCER B., Arlington, Va.: An original German ribbon para- chute test model and a German engine injector, World War II (N. A. M. 717). Navy, DEPARTMENT OF, BUREAU OF AERONAUTICS, Washington, D. C.: Two early Curtiss aircraft engines; one used by Eugene Ely in his landing on and take off from the U. 8S. 8. Pennsylvania, 1911; the other from a Curtiss flying boat of 1912 (N. A. M. 710) ; the original Pratt & Whitney Wasp engine No. 1 developed in 1925 (N. A. M. 720) ; four guided missiles: 2 U. 8. Naval—a KAN-2 Litile Joe and KUZN-1 Gorgon—and 2 German of World War IIl—an HS-298 and an X-4, and 12 component parts for guided missiles (N. A. M. 712). Navy, DEPARTMENT OF, UNITED STATES NAvAL AcApDEMy, Annapolis, Md.: Six Naval training devices comprising cutaway examples of Wright aeronautical engines, types R2600 and R3350, and panels showing details of auxiliary equip- ment (N. A. M. 704). REPUBLIC AVIATION CorP., Farmingdale, L. I., N. Y.: Model (1:58) of a U. S. Air Force Republic F—84 thunderjet single-seat jet fighter, 1947 (N. A. M. 707). Rosinson, Mrs. PEARLE T., Washington, D. C.: A sterling-silver trophy awarded by the Washington Air Derby Association for outstanding contributions to the cause of private flying in the District of Columbia area (N. A. M. 693, loan). STANFORD UNIversiITy, Stanford, Calif.: (Through Dr. W. F. Durand and Dr. Elliott G. Reid) An early test model of an adjustable pitch propeller incor- porating the features developed by Profs. W. F. Durand and B. P. Lesley at Stanford University in 1918 (N. A. M. 705). SHort, V. Roxor, Westbrook, Conn.: Model (1:24) Sikorsky XR-4 helicopter, 1942, and a pattern model (1:72) of a Spitfire, British World War II fighter (N. A. M. 708). SECRETARY’S REPORT 133 QUNITED States NatTionaL Musrum, Washington, D. C.: Scale exhibition model of the U.S.S. Pennsylvania, which was used in the first airplane carrier opera- tion, San Francisco Bay, January 18, 1911 (modified in National Air Museum shop to show stern landing platform and scale model of Ely’s Curtiss airplane) (N. A. M. 718). ‘WAITE, H. Roy, Washington, D. C.: An aviation poster printed in 1912, advertis- ing flights by the donor at Florence, S. C., in a Burgess-Wright aeroplane (N. A. M. 695). ‘WRIGLEY, PHILIP K., Chicago, Ill.: A model (1:16) of the Verville flying boat, 1915, used for training and reconnaissance service at Great Lakes Naval Train- ing Station during World War I (N. A. M. 692). Respectfully submitted. Cart W. Mirman, Assistant to the Secretary for the National Air Museum. Dr. A. WETMoRE, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. APPENDIX 10 REPORT ON THE CANAL ZONE BIOLOGICAL AREA Sir: It gives me pleasure to present herewith the annual report on the Canal Zone Biological Area for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1951. IMPROVEMENTS A contract was awarded for the construction of a new 2-story build- ing to provide much-needed space for laboratory expansion. Two of the eight rooms on the ground floor will be used for photographic work; another will be a general dry room provided with heaters; and the others will be for laboratory work, toilets, and showers. The eight upper-floor rooms will house the library, herbarium, card-index rec- ords, laboratory glassware, microscopes, incubators, chemicals, and other scientific apparatus. With each room a unit by itself, it will be easier to control humidity and temperature, and most of the rooms will have dehumidifiers. The roof, an inverted-V type, will be of alu- minum and will have gutters to collect the rain water and direct its flow into a large concrete water-storage tank, to be constructed. This reservoir is urgently needed because the other large one, of creosoted timber, is badly deteriorated. During the year the new addition to the building for deterioration and corrosion tests, started last year, was completed, and the interior was remodeled. The building for the resident manager and the fore- man’s former building (now a dormitory) were thoroughly bat- proofed. All the trails were inspected to determine their general condition and to note any markers that might be missing. Four students from Cristébal—_Larry Cox, Andrew Bleakley, Jr., John Delaney, and Don Smith, Jr.—were recommended for this task by Scout Master Richard D. Cox, and to them was entrusted this important job, which they did extremely well. In addition, they kept a record of the animals they saw. A number of markers and posts will have to be replaced, but. on the whole the trails are in excellent condition. CONDITION OF BUILDINGS The main laboratory building remains in satisfactory condition, but eventually should be converted into one with less fire hazard. The 134 SECRETARY’S REPORT 135 Haskins library building is in excellent condition, but should have better humidity controls. The resident manager’s house is in excellent condition, and the Bar- bour cottage, the Z-M—A house below the main building, and the house formerly occupied by the foreman are all in satisfactory condition for the present. ‘They should be provided with dry closets, but our pres- ent supply of electric current is not sufficient for this. The kitchen and storeroom, though somewhat small for present needs, are in good shape but still remain a fire hazard. It is proposed to rebuild this unit of concrete blocks. The two buildings for the cook and laborers are serviceable. All the generators are in bad shape and cannot be operated on a 24-hour basis. This is a serious handicap to our food refrigeration. The floating equipment is in good condition. MOST URGENT NEED The generation of electric current on the island is not only expensive, but it is impossible to insure an adequate and constant supply. To the high cost of the necessary daily attention to the generators, the constant hauling of fuel, and periodic overhaul and repairs must be added the loss incurred by spoilage of food, damage to books, and deterioration of scientific equipment due to a drop in the voltage or - complete failure of the supply of current. Also, because of the deterioration and corrosion caused by the high humidity in the Trop- ics, the life of a generator on the island is, at best, only 8 or 9 years. The present installation is urgently in need of new units; but new gen- erators will not solve the problem, as the high operating cost will continue, and in 8 years new units will again be required. A very careful study of the problem has been made, in consultation with electrical engineers of the Panama Canal and the armed forces. The logical solution would be to tap the transmission line of the Panama Canal, install transformers at Frijoles, lay an underwater cable to the island, and there install transformers to step down the voltage to 115-230. This would insure the island an adequate and dependable supply of electricity at a cost of 2 cents for the first 100 kilowatts and 114 cents for each additional 100 kilowatts. At this very substantial reduction in the cost of current, the system would pay for itself in 10 or 12 years. SCIENTISTS AND THEIR STUDIES During the year 33 scientists came to the island. High cost of transportation to the Canal Zone still deters many from coming to the Area. 971103—51——10 136 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 Dr. A. M. Chickering, chairman of the division of science and mathematics at Albion College, Michigan, continued his research on spiders, collecting a large series for further study. ‘This is his fifth visit to the island for this purpose. In Turtox News for May 1951 Dr. Chickering published an interesting account of his explorations in the Canal Zone and Panama, particularly on Barro Colorado Island. His estimate of 1,200 species of spiders on the island is indicative of the variety of species in other groups that may be expected to exist. During the past 12 years he has published 15 papers on the spiders of this general area, one on the Salticidae covering 474 pages. Dr. Eugene Eisenmann, of New York City, returned again to resume his studies of the birds of the island. He prepared an an- notated list of the birds definitely known to inhabit the island, cov- ering 806 species, which is to be published by the Smithsonian Insti- tution. In this he includes reference to the many other scientists who have studied the bird life of the island. This will be the first published list of birds of the Area to bring together all available records. The obvious gaps should stimulate interest and further study. Dr. Frank A. Hartman, research professor of physiology, Ohio State University, a recognized authority on the adrenals of verte- brates, returned for a more extended stay. With the aid of his assist- ants, Harry Beckman, a graduate-school assistant, and Ratibor and Armageddon Hartmann from Chiriqui, he collected and preserved what is probably the most extensive and comprehensive series of adre- nals ever brought together. Half of the total of 1,447, from birds, mammals, reptiles, and amphibians, are from the Canal Zone, and the rest from the Volcan area of Chiriqui Province. About 200 skins, as well as whole animals in formaldehyde, were prepared, the former for identification and the latter for future anatomical studies. Care- ful drawings were made of the adrenals and also of the thyroids of birds. The preserved adrenals and thyroids will be used for extensive histological and cytological studies. The bird skins will be placed in the U.S. National Museum. Dr. Bernard Lowy, of the botany department of the State Uni- versity of Iowa, spent several months on the island studying princi- pally the fungi, making large collections and many observations and taking many notes and photographs (more and more essential in mycology). Of Myxomycetes and Phycomycetes he collected more than 70 species and made a thorough study of his specialty, the Auricularias. He also collected much material from the Ascomycetes, the Basidiomycetes, and the Fungi Imperfecti, as well as lichens, mosses, and liverworts—the last two groups being exceptionally pro- lific. Of the Meliolales more than a hundred species have been de- SECRETARY'S REPORT 137 scribed from the island. Dr. Lowy was most fortunate in obtaining excellent specimens of Cordiceps. He was not limited by his special interest in the fungi, but collected also many of the higher plants, and obtained rich material and notes particularly on the unique saprophyte Ophiomeris panamensis and the very rare achloriferous Apodanthes flacourtiae of the family Rafilesiaceae, known only from the island, growing on Xylosoma. Dr. Nicholas E. Collias, of the zoology department of the University of Wisconsin, spent several months studying the population density and social organization of the island’s howler-monkey clans, for comparison with the studies made 18 years ago by Dr. Carpenter. He had with him as collaborator Charles Southwick, graduate student of the University of Wisconsin, Department of Wild Life Manage- ment. The study showed significant changes in the number of indi- viduals, location and size of the clans, reduced sex ratio, and proportion of young in each clan. Detailed studies of the daily locations and movements of the Lutz clan were made over an extended period, preliminary to the census. The task was much greater than it would seem at first, and suggests the desirability of asking scientists who are on the island, with time to do so, to make similar observations of this particular clan. These data should, over a period of years, yield information that may explain why there are such significant changes. During his stay Dr. Collias also definitely identified 123 species of birds, including several new to the island list. Charles Southwick, who assisted Dr. Collias, made significant observations on many of the other mammals. In this work the two covered the entire island. Dr. Lorus J. Milne, professor of zoology, and Dr. Margery Milne, assistant professor of zoology, of the University of New Hampshire, came to the island to study the light-sensitive structures of animals, particularly the invertebrates. While on the island and in its vicinity, they exposed more than 3,000 feet of 16-mm. Kodachrome movies, and a large number of 35-mm. color stills and 4-x-5 black and whites, which comprised a well-documented account of the plants and animals of this part of the American humid Tropics. They also had the oppor- tunity to study in great detail the rare Peripatus. Dr. Hazel R. Ellis, head of the biology department of Keuka Col- lege, Keuka Park, N. Y., spent considerable time on the island study- ing the bird life, particularly nesting habits and songs. Although she noted 76 species, her interest was not in the number of different kinds of birds, but rather in observing how they live and behave. In detail she studied the fruit crow (Querula purpurata), of whose habits little is known. She also made lengthy notes on the nests of the tinamou, Hicks’s seedeater, the double-toothed kite, the boat-tailed flycatcher, the tityra, the spotted antbird, and the Nicaraguan hermit humming- bird. Dr. Ellis also made observations on most of the more common 138 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 mammals and on the plants, particularly those that are used by birds. Robert M. Laughlin, student at Princeton University, came for an extended stay and made many interesting observations. He dis- covered the nest of the double-toothed kite not previously noted. Also, he added the second-known record of the red-thighed dacnis. During his stay he identified 96 species of birds. He also made observations on eight of the mammals and took back with him about 500 moths and other insects for further study. Dr. Serge Korff, professor of physics, New York University, and Mrs. Korff, revisited the island, on their return from the Fifth South American Congress of Chemistry, to continue their observations on plants and animals. Robert Lewis Cumming, student at the University of Florida, spent considerable time on the island during which he made a very thorough study of the dragonflies and damselflies, increasing the number of species previously recorded to 38, including a number new to science. He made careful notes on the ecology of the Odonata. In addition he added valuable data on the mammals and birds. Dr. Carl Koford, of the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, and Mrs. Koford spent a week on the island en route to Perti, where they will spend about a year in research work. Dr. Koford was interested mainly in the vultures, and Mrs. Koford spe- cialized on the bats. Dr. John H. Davis, professor of botany, University of Florida, returning from New Zealand, visited the island to acquaint himself with the flora of the humid American Tropics, particularly its ecologi- cal aspects. He was so impressed with the plant life, and with the facilities the island offers for study, that he plans to make it possible for students of his university to study there. While at Barro Colo- rado, he made a good collection of plants. Ross Robbins, botanist at the Auckland University, on transfer to a similar post in the University College of the West Indies, in Jamaica, accompanied Dr. Davis, to observe the tropical flora and, in particular, to make a good collection of mosses, which are his special field. Both he and Dr. Davis were greatly impressed with the opportunities for research offered by the island. Dr. Francis J. Ryan, associate professor of zoology, Columbia Uni- versity, and Mrs. Ryan, spent a short time on the island while en route to the Fifth International Congress on Microbiology at Rio de Janeiro. Their objective was to get acquainted with the plant and animal life of the humid Tropics preparatory to a return later for more extended research. Ledle I. Laughlin, associate director of admissions to Princeton University, came, with his son Robert, to observe the birds and mam- mals of the Tropics in their natural environment. SECRETARY’S REPORT 139 Dr. R. T. Scholes, of the medical staff of Gorgas Hospital, and Mrs. Scholes, spent considerable time on the island studying the bird life and added many valuable records which will be incorporated in Dr. Eisenmann’s list of the birds. They took a splended series of Kodachrome photographs, part of them with a long-range telephoto lens. M. Francois Edmond-Blanc and Mme. M. C. Brot, from France, visited the island to study at close range the birds peculiar to the American humid Tropics. Dr. C. C. Soper, director of the Tropical Research Laboratory of Eastman Kodak Co., continued and expanded this firm’s exposure tests, assisted by Paul Hermle, physicist, and Ismael Olivares, micro- biologist. The results are most gratifying and emphasize the need of such tests to study the rate of deterioration and corrosion. After 10 years, the importance of this work is more and more evident, and Barro Colorado Island is particularly well suited for these studies and for the evaluation of biocides. Dr. Walter F. Clark, of the Research Laboratories of Eastman Kodak Co. at Rochester, and an authority on infrared photography, revisited the island for his annual inspection and conferences con- nected with the tests under way. He also did considerable experi- mental color photography, particularly under difficult conditions. Dr. Alexander Wetmore, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, revisited: the island and held conferences with the resident manager on plans for the future of the Area, proposed improvements, and details of the new building, and solution of the problem of an adequate supply of electricity. As in the past, W. M. Perrygo, of the U.S. National Museum, accompanied him. John E. Graf, Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, likewise revisited the island and held conferences with the resident manager, particularly regarding the plans for the new building and the matter of electricity. He held conferences with electrical engi- neers of the Panama Canal, with Dr. Soper of the Tropical Research Laboratory of Eastman Kodak Co., and others, and made a thorough inspection of the island installations and facilities, discussed opera- tions, and worked on plans for further improvements and expansion. Thomas F. Clark, administrative accountant of the Smithsonian Institution, made a special trip to the island to establish the required procedure to be followed in advertising for bids for the new building, the inclusion of additional provisos in the specifications, the opening of the bids, the awarding of the contract, the various bonds required, and other details. — The resident manager continued his special research problems, particularly the long-term termite-resistance tests, and completed his forty-third report. He also continued the fruit-fly studies, particu- 140 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 larly in regard to population, fluctuations, and host-fruit relations. The new building just erected embodies the very latest improvements in termite protection, bat-proofing, and (with a more dependable and adequate supply of electricity) humidity-temperature contro] for the protection of the library, herbarium, microscopes, balances, and other delicate laboratory apparatus. In addition he made a detailed study of the problem of electricity sources, evaluating the pros and cons of generators on the island, both Diesel and others, and the use of current from the Panama Canal line—the logical and economical solution, as set forth earlier in this report. The Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine tests with soil poisons were continued. The large Berlese funnel was kept in operation and yielded an abundance of rare insects, mites, and other forms difficult to find in any other way. The following quotation from a letter from the late Dr. Thomas Barbour to President Hopkins of Dartmouth College, June 17, 1931, aptly defines the general purpose of the Canal Zone Biological Area: “T don’t think I have ever received a letter that warmed the cockles of my heart more immediately than did your letter of June 15th * * *, No man ever goes to Barro Colorado Island without being a more inspiring teacher on his return. This remark has been made to me by men connected with over a dozen institutions. I emphasize this feature because so much has been said of the opportunities for research that I sometimes feel that the opportunity for just the plain broadening of man’s mental horizon has not always been sufficiently emphasized.” VISITORS There were fewer visitors this year than the year before. Among numerous others were the following: The Honorable John M. Vorys, Member of Congress from Ohio and a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution, with his family; Col. Standley Carpenter, in charge of the army malaria work on the Isthmus; Marvin Keenan, in charge of the army’s sanitation; The Honorable Monett Davis, Ambassador to Panama, with his family; several Boy Scout and Girl Scout troops with their leaders, and also a large group of these leaders; Irving Johnson and members of the Yankee, students from LaSalle College and Miramar College of Panama, with their professors; Frank E. Masland, Jr., and family; members of the Balboa Camera Club; Dr. John B. Chadwick of Gorgas Hospital; several groups of high-school students from Panama and their teachers; Dr. J. Russell Smith, of Colombia University ; Dr. Norman Elton, director of the Gorgas Board of Health Laboratory and members of his staff; a large group from the Crist6bal High School; William E. Lundy of Balboa, Don Biery SECRETARY’S REPORT 141 and other members of the Institute of Inter-American Affairs, and members of the staff of the United States Embassy; Ambassador Mariani of Italy with his family; Dr. David Potter, of Clark Uni- versity ; members of the student class of the Balboa Junior College under the leadership of Prof. George O. Lee; and William Burgoyne. The outstanding scientific event of the year was the week-long Con- ference on Corrosion and Deterioration, in which the island partici- pated, and which was attended by a host of delegates from the United States. More than 40 of the delegates visited the island as part of the program. RAINFALL In 1950, during the dry season, rains of 0.01 inch or more fell on 30 days (84 hours), and during the wet season (8 months) on 207 days (947 hours) ; a total for the year of 237 days (1,031 hours). Rainfall was 7.44 inches above the 26-year station average. November and December were the rainiest months (54 days, 352 hours), 41.64 inches, 36.3 percent of the year’s total. The dry season, while below average, was considerably wetter than that of 1949. Taste 1.—Annual rainfall, Barro Colorado Island, O. Z. Year Total inches Station average 1 tO 2s a a AS OI 78 3 7 i D2 Gos Hew 2 ysis 118. 22 113. 56 NG 2 pasa as Spee 116. 36 114. 68 OZ Sire i eee 101. 52 111. 35 G2 Oe ea eae 87. 84 106. 56 OS Or See eee 76. 57 101. 51 NO SAGES NSH TVRy ee 123. 30 104. 69 OB 2 eure Tee 113. 52 105. 76 POSS as Seek ae 101. 73 105. 32 OBA eer aeges eee 122. 42 107. 04 GS Bee eats 143. 42 110. 35 19S G25 eee 93. 88 108. 98 TOSSA IS Ee 124. 13 110. 12 TOS 8s sees 117. 09 110. 62 DOS Oa ee 115. 47 110. 94 OA Oe ska ae as 86. 51 109. 43 UG) i lp op atest es 91. 82 108. 41 INS YP Ae aa ene im tae 111. 10 108. 55 1OASIT tin erage 120. 29 109. 20 1944 ees 111. 96 109. 30 NA Sait icia ee ees Ste 120. 42 109. 84 ALA seared rae 87. 38 108. 81 OAs ides ee a TT. 92 107. 49 LO4S so Sone 83. 16 106. 43 PQ AD ssa ait nea en 114. 86 106. 76 T9O50 83 oe ee 114. 51 107. 07 142 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 TABLE 2.—Comparison of 1949 and 1950 rainfall, Barro Colorado Island, C. Z. (inches) Total Accumu- Month HSA Oona a Station Years of | Excess or lated average record deficiency | excess or 1949 1950 deficiency DANUSTY 5 02cm es 0. 70 0. 20 1.73 25 —1.53 —1. 53 MeDrUarys se ee sea wen ae 07 1.87 1. 20 25 +. 67 —.86 Bu: Ve) 0 ep ea er aa Ce ll -48 1. 23 25 —.80 —1.66 S.No) eas Ne ee pa ee ap ae 90 2.73 2. 73 26s} ne ees cae —1.66 1 Deh emacs 11.97 7. 86 10. 78 26 —2,92 —4, 58 FAA D EOYs Si aN Ns NE a 15. 57 14. 66 11. 41 26 +3. 25 —1, 33 Bai ye ALE Wes see Le 13.38 12.37 11. 71 26 +. 66 —.67 TATISTIST see eka Oe RS 9. 99 11. 48 12.31 26 —.83 —1.50 Septembersse. 2s 7.11 7.20 10. 03 26 —2. 83 —4, 33 Octoberte2e ee ee 14, 45 14.02 13. 16 26 +0. 86 —3. 47 INovembereecesc se as sane eee 32. 76 24.19 19. 58 26 +4. 61 +1. 14 December. =5 2247.4 See 7.85 17. 45 1i. 15 26 +6. 30 +7. 44 G1 SRI ee 114. 86 114. 51 NO 7509] a a cea | En en +7. 44 Dry seasomes soe eee 1.78 5. 28 Ceo YE re eas er ete —1, 66 Weotiseasonz alee. ls Bue oes 113.08 109. 23 HOOSI Ss es 22 Se |e eee +9. 10 FISCAL REPORT During the fiscal year 1951, $10,781.87 in trust funds was available. Of this amount $10,555.97 was spent, leaving a balance of $225.90. In addition to this, $583.30 is still on deposit, representing local collections. The following items are paid out of trust funds: Food, freight, and express, salaries and wages, office expenses, parts and repairs to automobile, parts and repairs to floating equipment and to generators, and sundry bills for general upkeep. Food represented 32.5 percent of the total expended, and salaries and wages 57.4 percent. During the year $868.50 was collected as fees from scientists, $126.50 more than the previous year. Despite the rising costs of food, wages, and other items, which were higher than the previous year, the laboratory has not yet increased its per-diem charge to scientists for meals and lodging and has con- tinued to give a 25-percent discount to those who come from institu- tions that sustain table subscriptions. The following institutions continued their support to the laboratory through the payment of table subscriptions: HS tery rn TR ea 0 aa i $1, 000. 00 New York Zoological Society.-___-___-_--____--__--_-- 300. 00 American Museum of Natural History___-___--------__-- 300. 00 Smithsonian institution! See eee 300. 00 It is most gratifying to again record donations from Dr. Eugene Hisenmann of New York. SECRETARY'S REPORT 143 In addition to its table subscription, the Smithsonian Institution contributed $5,500 from its private funds, which is included in the $10,781.87 in trust funds, mentioned above. Other expenditures amounting to $1,341.38, made from Washington, bring the total Smithsonian contribution from private funds to $7,141.38. The Smithsonian Institution further allotted $18,000 from Govern- ment-appropriated funds, of which the sum of $13,100 was expended for the new permanent building. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We wish to express our appreciation for the whole-hearted coopera- tion of the various units of the Panama Canal and the Panama Rail- road Co., to become united at the start of the new fiscal year as the Panama Canal Company, a corporation. We look forward to the same cordial relations with the new organization. We also wish to acknowledge especially the assistance of the Governor of the Panama Canal, Brig. Gen. F. K. Newcomer and his staff; Alton White and his Dredging Division; the various units of the Commissary Division; the Panama Railroad officials and employees; the Municipal Engi- neer; and Maj. George Herman, Chief of the Police Division and the able men under him. The police have cooperated regularly in the suppression of poaching, which is always a problem, though this trespass on the island is not so great as might be expected. Respectfully submitted. JaMzEs Zetex, Resident Manager. Dr. A. WETMORE, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. APPENDIX 11 REPORT ON THE LIBRARY Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the activities of the Smithsonian Library for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1951: The 52,685 publications received in the library during the year came from 91 foreign countries, dominions, colonies, and protectorates, as well as from the United States. Access to this world-wide literary coverage of scientific and cultural progress in its own special subject fields, so important to the work of all branches of the Smithsonian Institution, is made possible largely by the cordial exchange relations maintained between the Institution and the academies and learned societies, the universities, museums, art galleries, observatories, and other scientific and cultural organizations both at home and abroad. This year 465 new exchanges were arranged, and 8,227 books, pam- phlets, and periodical parts were received as the gratifying result of 576 special requests sent to issuing agencies for publications needed to fill gaps in our collections. Although the larger number of the library’s acquisitions were ex- change publications, gifts were also numerous, and 9,552 volumes, pamphlets, and periodicals came from many generous friends both in and outside the Institution. The largest single gift of the year, a collection of some 500 books and periodicals on philately, presented by Malcolm Macgregor, of Bronxville, N. Y., is an especially noteworthy addition to the philatelic sectional brary in the Department of History. Most of the 2,111 volumes purchased during the year were recent publications, but a few were some of the older out-of-print works needed for reference in the Museum and the Bureau of American Ethnology, which fortunately came into the market at reasonable prices. Subscriptions for 348 periodicals not obtainable by exchange were also purchased. The grand total of 19,016 publications transferred to the Library of Congress included 5,321 currently received volumes and periodicals recorded and marked as permanent additions to the Smithsonian Deposit there. Others were 1,526 doctoral dissertations mostly from foreign universities, and 12,169 documents and miscellaneous publica- tions on subjects having no immediate bearing on the work of the Institution. 144 SECRETARY’S REPORT 145 Noteworthy publications among the 3,859 transferred to other scien- tific libraries of the Government were 604 medical dissertations sent to the Army Medical Library. Cataloging and entry of current accessions of books and periodicals were kept up, but with difficulty under the serious handicap of under- stafling. The number of volumes cataloged was 6,991, and 29,981 cards were filed in catalogs and shelflists. Periodical entries numbered 17,854. There was little opportunity to continue the much-needed work of correlating and unifying entries in the periodical records with those in the catalog, but some progress was made in the last quarter toward completing this project. An important piece of work completed by the staff was the check- ing of Smithsonian serial holdings for inclusion in the forthcoming Supplement to the Union List of Serials in Libraries of the United States and Canada, consisting mostly of new titles published in the years 1944-49. The library reported holdings of 478 of the titles listed in the checking edition, and added 19 new titles not appearing in the checklist. This cooperative undertaking on the part of the prin- cipal libraries of this country and Canada results in the continuation of one of the library’s most useful and time-saving bibliographical tools. Small withdrawals were frequently made from the collection of duplicates, and 2,415 pieces from among the titles specially wanted by participating libraries of the United States Book Exchange were sent to the stockpile at that center for exchange credit. With funds allotted for binding, 1,250 volumes, mostly periodicals, were prepared for binding and sent to the Government Printing Office. In the Museum library, 1,300 old books and pamphlets, some cf them irreplaceable, were repaired. There continues to be a large backlog of binding and repair. The library’s service to readers and research workers, both in and outside the Institution, its primary reason for being, is so full of intangibles that statistics of circulation and such other countable records as it is possible to keep, where there are so many decentralized units without immediate library supervision, can do little more than suggest the actual work and time required to produce the right pub- lication or to answer a question accurately. The reference use of the library was increasingly heavy in all its branches, and answers to 17,688 reference questions were given, many of them requiring hours of painstaking research among out-of-the- way sources. Loan-desk records show that 11,869 publications were borrowed by members of the staff of the Institution and by 101 different Govern- 146 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 ment, university, and other libraries throughout the country to which 1,493 books and periodicals were sent as interlibrary loans. The library, in turn, borrowed 1,398 books from the Library of Congress, many of which were Smithsonian Deposit copies, and 297 publications were borrowed from other libraries, chiefly from the Geological Survey, the Department of Agriculture, and the Army Medical Library. Overcrowding and understafiing continue to be the dihinary S most serious unsolved problems. To find shelf room for new books in stacks, branches, and sectional libraries already taxed beyond their normal capacity requires continuous contrivance of makeshift arrange- ments and rearrangements. SUMMARIZED STATISTICS Accesstons Total recorded volumes Volumes June 80; 1961 Astrophysical Observatory (including Radiation and Oreanigms) ese Oe ane oa nie os eet ene Se ayer Coa 248 18, 821 Bureau of American Ethnology______-___.__-_-_-__-_-_- 123 34, 961 NationalrAircMuseum: 2 ye Bs ee oa en seer 84 210 National Collection of Fine Arts___..._._._-.-._______ 280 12, 455 National Vise urn ce ise os inlese re Aaa ia yea ana) UMD 3, 430 249, 831 National Zoological: Parle) ii) Maui ya Daewoo ll 3 4,199 Smithsonian Deposit at the Library of Congress_______- 1, 195 583, 475. Smithsonian Ofirce 227k ae Ma Be as et 8 340 33, 788 Motel: S20) pei ee ge ee un NO el Riad 5, 703 932, 740 Neither incomplete volumes of serial publications, nor separates and reprints from serial publications are included in these figures. Hechanges New) exchanges ‘arranged 2c ea ead Bale a es aN 465 178 of these were assigned to the Smithsonian Deposit in the Library of Congress. Specially requested publications received______________________________ 8, 227 991 of these were obtained to fill gaps in Smithsonian Deposit sets. Cataloging Volumes and pamphlets cataloged____.__._____.________________-__-___ 6, 992 Cards, added! to catalogs and 'Shelflists.) 362 2X) ee eee 29, 981 Periodicals Periodicals parts: entered 22 Ses 2 bee ares Us ee ee ee 17, 854 Circulation Loans, of books..and, periodicals2- 2. 11, 869 Circulation of books and periodicals in the sectional libraries of the Museum is not counted except in the Division of Insects. SECRETARY’S REPORT 147 Binding Wolumes) Sent) to) the binderys 2000 0u 2c ae eee ee 1, 250 Wolumesrepaired in CheeMuseum: 22502 oS a ee 1, 300 Respectfully submitted. Lema F. Cuarn, Librarian. Dr. A. WETMORE, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. APPENDIX 12 REPORT ON PUBLICATIONS Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the publi- cations of the Smithsonian Institution and its branches for the year ended June 30, 1951: The Institution published during the year 6 papers in the Smith- sonian Miscellaneous Collections, 1 Annual Report of the Board of Regents and pamphlet copies of 16 articles in the Report appendix, 1 Annual Report of the Secretary, and 2 special publications. The United States National Museum issued 1 Annual Report, 19 Proceedings papers, 4 Bulletins, and 2 Contributions from the United States National Herbarium. The Bureau of American Ethnology issued 1 Annual Report, 2 Bul- letins, and 2 Publications of the Institute of Social Anthropology. The Freer Gallery of Art issued 2 Occasional Papers and 2 special publications. Of the publications there were distributed 123,401 copies, which included 8 volumes and separates of Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, 13,237 volumes and separates of Smithsonian Miscel- laneous Collections, 21,972 volumes and separates of Smithsonian An- nual Reports, 2,907 War Background Studies, 4,829 Smithsonian spe- cial publications, 31 reports and 190 sets of pictures of the Harriman Alaska Expedition, 52,876 volumes and separates of National Museum publications, 16,560 publications of the Bureau of American Eth- nology, 5,817 publications of the Institute of Social Anthropology, 26 catalogs of the National Collection of Fine Arts, 1,985 volumes and pamphlets of the Freer Gallery of Art, 8 Annals of the Astrophysical Observatory, 2,452 reports of the American Historical Association, and 503 miscellaneous publications not published by the Smithsonian Institution (mostly Survival Manuals). In addition, 28,427 picture pamphlets, 76,193 guide books, 24,566 natural-history and art post cards, 29,342 sets of photo cards and picture post cards, 46 sets of North American Wild Flowers, and 6 volumes of Pitcher Plants were distributed. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS In this series there were issued 1 paper in volume 111 and title page and table of contents to the volume, and 4 papers in volume 116, as follows: 148 SECRETARY’S REPORT 149 VOLUME 111 No. 18. Tree growth and rainfall—a study of correlation and methods, by Waldo 8. Glock. 47 pp., 7 figs. (Publ. 4016.) Oct. 25, 1950. Title page and table of contents. (Publ. 4023.) Dec. 18, 1950. VOLUME 116 No. 1. Comparative studies on the jaws of mandibulate arthropods, by R. B. Snodgrass. 85 pp., 25 figs. (Publ. 4018.) Nov. 16, 1950. No. 2. Remains of land mammals from the Miocene of the Chesapeake Bay region, by C. Lewis Gazin and R. Lee Collins. 21 pp., 7 figs. (Publ. 4019.) Oct. 12, 1950. No. 4. Precipitation and temperature in Washington, D. C., for 1950 and 1951, by C. G. Abbot. 6 pp., 2 figs. (Publ. 4045.) Mar. 1, 1951. No. 6. A new species of the Jurassic brachiopod genus Septirhynchia, by Helen M. Muir-Wood and G. Arthur Cooper. 6 pp., 2 pls. (Publ. 4047.) June 5, 1951. SMITHSONIAN ANNUAL REPORT Report for 1949.—The complete volume of the Annual Report of the Board of Regents for 1949 was received from the Public Printer on August 24, 1950: Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution show- ing the operations, expenditures, and condition of the Institution for the year ended June 30, 1949. ix+422 pp., 82 pls., 24 figs. (Publ. 3996.) The general appendix contained the following papers (Publs. 3997-4012) : The formation of stars, by Lyman Spitzer, Jr. The origin of the earth, by Thornton Page. The 200-inch Hale telescope and some problems it may solve, by Edwin Hubble. The determination of precise time, by Sir Harold Spencer Jones. The elementary particles of physics, by Carl D. Anderson. Recent advances in virus research, by Wendell M. Stanley. Ground-water investigations in the United States, by A. N. Sayre. Modern soil science, by Charles HE. Kellogg. Time in evolution, by F. H. Zeuner. More about animal behavior, by Ernest P. Walker. The breeding habits of weaverbirds: a study in the biology of behavior patterns, by Herbert Friedmann. New Zealand, a botanist’s paradise, by Egbert H. Walker. The archeological importance of Guatemala, by A. V. Kidder. Excavations at the prehistoric rock-shelter of La Colombiére, by Hallam L. Movius, Jr. Ronne Antarctic research expedition, 1946-1948, by Commander Finn Ronne. The state of science, by Karl T. Compton. Report for 1950.—The Report of the Secretary, which included the financial report of the executive committee of the Board of Regents, and which will form part of the Annual Report of the Board of Regents to Congress, was issued January 8, 1951: 150 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 Report of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution and financial report of the executive committee of the Board of Regents for the year ended June 30, 1950. ix+161 pp., 2 pls. (Publ. 4020.) SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS Brief guide to the Smithsonian Institution. 8th edition. 80 pp., illus. [Mar. 1, 1951.] The Smithsonian Institution: A description of its work. 166 pp. January 1951. PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM John S. Lea was appointed editor of the National Museum on November 18, 1950. The Museum issued during the year 1 Annual Report, 19 Proceedings papers, 4 Bulletins, and 2 papers in the Con- tributions from the United States National Herbarium, as follows: ANNUAL REPORT Report on the progress and condition of the United States National Museum for the year ended June 30, 1950. iii-+141 pp. Jan. 10, 1951. PROCEEDINGS : VOLUME 98 Title page, table of contents, list of illustrations, and index. Pp. i-xi, 523-553. Apr. 17, 1951. PROCEEDINGS: VOLUME 100 No. 3269. Some new gastropods of the family Clausiliidae from the Philip- pine Islands and Siam, by F. J. Loosjes. Pp. 539-545, figs. 51-53. Nov. 13, 1950. No. 3270. Three new species of fishes of the genus Cirrhitus (family Cir- rhitidae) from the Indo-Pacific, by Leonard P. Schultz. Pp. 547-552, pl. 13. July 25, 1950. PROCEEDINGS : VOLUME 101 No. 3271. A revision of the beetles of the genus Myochrous, by Doris Holmes Blake. Pp. 1-64, pls. 1-8. Dec. 27, 1950. No. 3272. The oceanic crabs of the genera Planes and Pachygrapsus, by Fenner A. Chace, Jr. Pp. 65-103, figs. 1-8. Jan. 30, 1951. ; No. 3273. New marine isopods, chiefly from northern California, with notes on related forms, by Robert J. Menzies. Pp. 105-156, figs. 9-383. Feb. 18, 1951. No. 3274. The helminth parasites of birds, III: Dicrocoeliid trematodes from North American birds, by J. Fred Denton and Elon EB. Byrd. Pp. 157-202, figs. 3440. Mar. 6, 1951. No. 3275. The mites of the subfamily Haemogamasinae (Acari: Laelaptidae), by Hugh lL. Keegan. Pp. 203-268, figs. 41-55. Feb. 2, 1951. No. 3276. A new Caribbean coral of the genus Chrysogorgia, by Frederick M. Bayer. Pp. 269-273, figs. 56, 57, pl. 9. Feb. 13, 1951. No. 3277. Revision of the North American grasshoppers of the Conalcaea com- Plex, by Ashley B. Gurney. Pp. 275-304, figs. 58-65, pls. 10,11. Feb. 2, 1951. No. 3278. Fleas from the Upper Sonoran zone near Albuquerque, N. Mex., by Lelia Ann Williams and C. Clayton Hoff. Pp. 305-313, fig. 66. Jan. 22, 1951. No. 3279. Some digenetic trematodes, including eight new species, from ma- SECRETARY’S REPORT 151 rine fishes of La Jolla, Calif., by Harold W. Manter and Harley J. Van Cleave. Pp. 315-340, pls. 12,18. Mar. 28, 1951. No. 3280. Parasitic Crustacea from Bimini, Bahamas, by A. S. Pearse. Pp. 341-372, figs. 67-77. Feb. 2, 1951. No. 3281. New and iitile-known bees of the family Andrenidae from California, by P. H. Timberlake. Pp. 373-414. Apr. 23, 1951. No. 3282. The actinian fauna of the Gulf of California, by Oskar Carlgren. Pp. 415-449, figs. 78-84, pl. 14. May 17, 1951. No. 32838. Notes on chrysomelid beetles of the subfamily Chlamisinae, with descriptions of new species, by F. Monrés. Pp. 451-463, figs. 85-90. June 5, 1951. No. 3284. Notes on a herpetological collection from Oaxaca and other localities in Mexico, by Frederick A. Shannon. Pp. 465-484, figs. 91-93. May 17, 1951. No. ‘3285. Chaetodon tinkeri,.a new species of butterflyfish (Chaetodontidae) from the Hawaiian Islands, by Leonard P. Schultz. Pp. 485-488, fig. 94, pl. 15. June 15, 1951. No. 3286. Moths of the genus Paramulona Hampson, by William D, Field. Pp. 489-496, figs. 95-96. May 17, 1951. BULLETINS 50, part 11. Birds of North and Middle America. Families Cathartidae, Accipitridae, Pandionidae, Falconidae, by Herbert Friedmann. Pp. i—xiii, 1-793, 51 figs. Sept. 29, 1950. §2. A monograph of the existing crinoids. Volume 1, The comatulids. Part 4c.—Superfamily Tropiometrida (the families Thalassometridae and Charitome- tridae), by Austin Hobart Clark. Pp. i-vi, 1-383, 32 pls. Aug. 16, 1950. 100, volume 14, part 4. Copepods gathered by the United States’ fisheries steamer Albatross. from 1887 to 1909, chiefly in the Pacific Ocean, by Charles Branch Wilson. Pp. i-ix, 141-441, pls. 2-36. Oct. 17, 1950. 199. An annotated checklist and key to the reptiles of Mexico exclusive of the snakes, by Hobart M. Smith and Edward H. Taylor. Pp. i-v, 1-258. Oct. 16, 1950. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM VOLUME 29 Part 10. Studies in the Bromeliaceae, XVI, by Lyman B. Smith. Pp. i-viii, 429-520, figs. 37-76. June 20, 1951. VOLUME 351 Part 1. The Acanthaceae of Colombia, I, by Emery C. Leonard. Pp. i-vi, 1-117, figs. 1-40. June 8, 1951. PUBLICATIONS OF THE BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY The editorial work of the Bureau continued under the immediate direction of the editor, M. Helen Palmer. During the year there were issued 1 Annual Report, 2 Bulletins, and 2 Publications of the Institute of Social Anthropology, as follows: . 971103—51——11 152 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 ANNUAL REPORT Sixty-seventh Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 1949-50. ii+25 pp. 1951. BULLETINS 148. Handbook of South American Indians. Julian H. Steward, editor. Volume 6, Physical anthropology, linguistics, and cultural geography of South American Indians. xiii+-715 pp., 47 pls., 3 figs, 18 maps. 1950, — 144. The northern and central Nootkan tribes, by Philip Drucker. ix+480 pp., 5 pls., 28 figs. 8 maps. 1951. PUBLICATIONS OF THE INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY No. 11. Quiroga: A Mexican municipio, by Donald D. Brand, assisted by José Corona Nujiez. v-+242 pp., 35 pls., 4 maps. 1951. vos oR No. 12. Cruz das Almas: A Brazilian village, by Donald Pierson, with the assistance of Levi Cruz, Mirtes Brandao Lopes, Helen Batchelor Pierson, Carlos Borges Teixeira, and others. x-+226 pp., 20 pls., 13 figs.,2 maps. 1951. PUBLICATIONS OF THE FREER GALLERY OF ART OCCASIONAL: PAPERS : VOLUME 1 No. 2. Studies in Muslim Iconography. I. The unicorn, by Richard Etting- hausen. 209 pp., 49 pls., 5 figs. (Publ. 3993.) [Sept. 13], 1950. ~ No. 5. A royal head from ancient Egypt, by George Steindorff. 30 pp., 29 pls. (Publ. 4022.) [Feb. 23], 1951. | SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS The Peacock Room. 22 pp., 8 pls. (Publ. 4024.) [Apr. 24], 1951, The Freer Gallery of Art of the Smithsonian Institution. 16 pp., illus. [Sept. 5], 1950. REPORT OF THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION The annual reports of the American Historical Association are transmitted by the Association to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution and are by him communicated to Congress, as provided by the act of incorporation of the Association. The following report volume was issued this year: Annual Report of the American Historical Association for 1949. Vol. 1, Pro- ceedings (including list of members). [Feb. 23], 1951. REPORT OF ‘THE NATIONAL SOCIETY, DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION The manuscript of the Fifty-third Annual Report of the National Society, Daughters of the American Revolution, was transmitted to Congress, in accordance with law, February 16, 1951. an ee SECRETARY'S REPORT 153 APPROPRIATION FOR PRINTING AND BINDING The congressional appropriation for printing and binding for the past year was entirely obligated at the close of the year. The ap- propriation for the coming fiscal year ending June 30, 1952, totals $103,000, allotted as follows: General administration (Annual Report of the Board of Regents; Annual Report or the Secretary) A200 22 et ek ee a ee $18, 500 ANON ale Whuseumis so Bo a ee Se ee 41, 700 Bureau of American BODY hay 0) 0 fone et a a lees Na 16, 000 WMettiones) Aire Musetme! ict io ieee ee ee 500 Service divisions (Annual Report. of the American Historical Associa- tion; blank forms; binding; Museum print shop) ------__-------___ 26, 300 TN GAN ic aE EA a ce Re ee 103, 000 Respectfully submitted. Pau H. Oruser, Chief, Editorial Division. Dr. A. Wetmore, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. REPORT ‘OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF. THE BOARD OF REGENTS. OF aA SMEG SONIAN INSTITUTION FOR THE YEAR ENDED JUNE si ips To the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution: - Your executive committee respectively submits the following Boptnt in relation to the funds of the Smithsonian Institution, together with: a statement of the appropriations by Congress for the Government bureaus in the administrative charge of the Institution. SMITHSONIAN ENDOWMENT FUND The original bequest of James Smithson was £104 960 8s. éd— $508,318.46. Refunds of money expended in prosecution of the claim, freights, insurance, and other incidental expenses, together with pay- ment into the fund of the sum of £5,015, which had been withheld during the lifetime of Madame de la Batut, brought the fund to the amount of $550,000. Since the original bequest, the Institution has received gifts from various sources, the income from which may be used for the general work of the Institution. These, including the original bequest, plus savings, are listed below, together with the income for the present year. ENDOWMENT FUNDS (Income for the unrestricted use of the Institution) Partly deposited in the United States Treasury at 6 percent and partly invested in stocks, bonds, and other holdings Income present Fund Investment year Posas $728, 892. 35 $43, 723. 84 Parent fund (original Smithson bequest, plus accumulated savings) Subsequent bequests, gifts, and other funds, partly deposited in the U.S. Treasury and partly invested in the consolidated fund: Avery, Robert S., and Lydia, bequest fund__________________--__-__- 54, 519. 88 2, 957. 51 Endowment fund. SR SS ER SOUR PPG Us LEA DE ec a an a 357, 056. 42 18, 143. 43 Babel. Dristtbeduestifundey Sear re a SN Ra Ee aN 500. 00 30. 00 Hachenberg, George P. and Caroline, bequest fund_________________- 4,125. 69 215. 60 Hamilton; James) bequestitund 2 ae ee 2,914.11 171. 64 Henry, Caroline, bequest PONG OS! TS i TT 1, 240. 69 64. 84 Hodgkins, Thomas G. (general gift)_.._____._______________.-______- 146, 757. 84 8, 567. 35 Porter, Henry Kirke, memorial fund__._________.____._____--_--__-- 293, 793. 61 15, 353. 23 Rhees, William Jones, bequest fund___________-_-____.-_-___.___-_-__- rh 075. 30 60. 80 Sanford, George H., memorial fund______.-____..____-____--___.____- 2, 013. 22 113. 72 Witherspoon, Thomas ACS memoriatiiund er a eae 132, 384. 70 6, 918. 23 Special fund, stock in reorganized closed banks_.______._-__--__--__- 2) 280. 00 160. 00 ph Mo 2 PRPS SRNR SENG I ea SDN TIS AR Vs gO GRC UUs LRU et Na 998, 661. 46 52, 756. 35 Grand total S00 ae ae ON Le MUN SN ER LTE Ele UNL L eMNUN 1, 727, 553. 81 96, 480. 19 154 %y nn REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 155 The Institution holds also a number of endowment gifts, the income of each being restricted to specific use. These, plus accretions to date, are listed below, together with income for the present year. Income present Fund Investment year Abbott, William I.., fund, for investigations in biology__-------------__- $102, 000. 03 $5, 454.18 Arthur, James, fund, for investigations and study of the sun and annual - NSO IU® Om Reine soos ee a ee eee sas 41, 026. 74 2,128. 28 “Bacon, Virginia Purdy, fund, for traveling scholarship to investigate fauna of countries other than the United States_____-_---------_---_-_- 51,395. 43 2, 666.19 Baird, Lucy H., fund, for creating a memorial to Secretary Baird___-_____ 24, 698. 96 1, 281. 28 Barney, Alice Pike, memorial fund, for collecting of paintings and pastels and for encouragement of American artistic endeavor_______-__-_--_--__ 15, 003. 00 194. 68 Barstow, Frederick D., fund, for purchase of animals for National Zoo- logical Wear kam ese te eet Mee eT Wg PT Tey oe Seamer aap ee me a 1, 025. 61 53. 24 Canfield Collection fund, for increase and care of the Canfield collection Ofpmimerals esas Sees ee ee Se ee 39, 235. 36 2,035. 36 Casey, Thomas L., fund, for maintenance of the Casey collection and promotion of researches relating to Coleoptera_--_---------------------- 10, 409. 93 540.03 Chamberlain, Francis Lea, fund, for increase and promotion of Isaac Lea collection of gems and mollusks_____--__-___-.-.-.--------------------- 28, 888. 18 1, 498. 58 Eickemeyer, Florence Brevoort, fund, for preservation and exhibition of the photographic collection of Rudolph Eickemeyer, Jr___._-------_- 11,005.19 570. 90 Hillyer, Virgil, fund, for increase and care of Virgil Hillyer collection of light eiObjeCts ee see EE eee EE ae OR 6, 742. 03 349, 75 Hitchcock, Albert S., library fund, for care of the Hitchcock Agrosto- HOPICA MII raTy ere ee ee en EE ee een eee eee 1, 618. 69 83. 98 Hodgkins fund, specific, for increase and diffusion of more exact knowl- edge in regard to nature and properties of atmospheric air__-___------_- 100, 000.00 6, 000. 00 Hrdliéka, Ales and Marie, fund, to further researches-in physical anthro- ; pology and publication in connection therewith____-.------------------ 29, 507. 97 1, 454. 72 Hughes, Bruce, fund, to found Hughes alcove-.- _---------------------- 19, 635. 92 1, 018. 64 Long, Annette and Edith C., fund, for upkeep and preservation of Long : 16 collection of embroideries, laces, and textiles___-..-_..---.------------- 557.02 28. 92 Maxwell, Mary E., fund, for care and exhibition of Maxwell collection __- 20, 121. 36 1, 043. 81 Myer, Catherine Walden, fund, for purchase of first class works of art for use and benefit of the National Collection of Fine Arts__-_.----------- 19, 445. 54 1,008. 75 Pell, Cornelia Livingston, fund, for maintenance of Alfred Duane Pell COM GC iOra mee re ees Me nen niet be ho ares Eesti ee LIE ey ee sad 7, 604. 00. 394, 47 Poore, Lucy T. and George W.., fund. for general use of the Institution when principal amounts to $250,000____.--------------=---------- seer _ 133, 628.36 6, 873. 21 Rathbun, Richard, memorial fund, for use of division of U. S. National Museum containing Crustacea____------_---------------------------- ‘. 10, 910. 80 565. 99 Reid, Addison T., fund, for founding chair in biology, in memory of PASH Or SEMIS ec 2 A Ee NE (SOE (OD en Se ee Pea 30, 428. 58 1, 659. 43 Roebling Collection fund, for care, improvement, and increase of Roebling Collcetionvoiimineralsss to ao ate ene ee eee ee sees 123, 806. 84 6, 422, 58 Rollins, Miriam and William, fund, for investigations in physics and ‘ FICHOTMNISt Taare eee Sc Ne I eee ene ues eo 96, 323. 74 6, 002. 23 Smithsonian employees’ retirement fund __----.------------------------- 31, 068, 11 1, 709. 97 Springer, Frank, fund, for care and increase of Springer collection and DO EEN oj Oe eS ee en ee 18, 396, 23 954.32 Strong, Julia D.; bequest fund, for benefit of the National Collection of j ol AB ITIO PAT US tere Sa te yo eer nase Geen ean eG 8 Mier MER ee BE SE 10, 256, 81 532.08 Walcott, Charles D. and Mary Vaux, research fund, for development of geologidal and paleontological studies and publishing results thereof--_- 379, 146. 59 21, 055. 94 Younger, Helen Walcott, fund, held in trust__..--.-.---.---------------- 46, 611. 40 8,061.10 Zerbee, Frances Brincklé, fund, for endowment of aquaria_-------------- 973.07 50. 48 BING] eaten aR NS ES FN gs sae ae 1, 411, 471. 49 75, 693. 09 FREER GALLERY OF ART FUND — Early in 1906, by deed of gift, Charles L. Freer, of Detroit, gave to the Institution his collection of Chinese and other Oriental objects of art, as well as paintings, etchings, and other works of art by Whistler, Thayer, Dewing, and other artists. Later he also gave funds for con- struction of a building to house the collection, and finally in his will, probated: November 6, 1919, he provided ‘stock and ‘securities to the estimated value of $1,958,591.42, as an endowment- fund for the operation of the Gallery. 156 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 The above fund of Mr. Freer was almost entirely represented by 20,465 shares of stock in Parke, Davis&Co. As this stock advanced in value, much of it was sold and the proceeds reinvested so that the fund now amounts to $6,613,510.49 in selected securities. SUMMARY OF ENDOWMENTS Invested endowment for general purposes___------------------ $1, 727, 553. 81 Invested endowment for specific purposes other than Freer SME O Werte I CONE ROL AU PI SNE Se I, 411, 471. 49 Total invested endowment other than Freer endowment__ 3, 139, 025. 30 Freer invested endowment for specific purposes____-----__-_--- 6, 613, 510. 49 Total invested endowment for all purposes__-_--_-----_- 9, 752, 535. 79 CLASSIFICATION OF INVESTMENTS Deposited in the U. 8. Treasury at 6 percent per annum, as authorized in the U. 8. Revised Statutes, sec. 5591__________-_ $1, 000, 000. 00 Investments other than Freer endowment (cost or market value at date acquired): BONndS iis coe oe 51 Ay ee fost ee iia $753, 835. 36 COCKS) eee ae os Mies eae ieee eae ene ee 1, 331, 894. 91 Real estate and first-mortgage notes____---- 15, 735. 87 Wninvestedieapital.-o- see ete ee _ 87, 559. 16 —_———_—_-——_ 2, 139, 025. 30 Total investments other than Freer endowment____--_.. 3, 139, 025. 30: Investments of Freer endowment (cost or market value at date acquired): Booms Sierras apo 0 cela ra 0 ae eo dese $3, 771, 391. 04 RSL HOXe) << 24 Oh Deed ORI eT ae La, 2, 744, 854. 10 Uninvested capital. {2.2 bake sone ieee = 97, 265. 35 ————————__ 6, 61, 510. 49 Total investments. ssosetoD_iggciet See Se ee set ae ae 9, 752, 535. 79 CASH BALANCES, RECEIPTS, AND DISBURSEMENTS DURING FISCAL YEAR 19511 Cash balance on hand June (30; 195025 2222 oat ee eee $379, 650. 13 Receipts, other than Freer endowment: Income from investments.____.-.-22-------- $181, 228. 23 Gifts and contributions____..___._._-.._------- 105, 577. 76 Sales of publications. -_....-_...-.-----1- _- 54, 417. 3k Miscellameousf 3 22 co5 ie noes Oe 7, 929.:79 Proceeds from real-estate holdings _---------- 31,780. 02 U. 8. Government and other contracts (net).. 11, 156. 48 Payroll withholdings and refunds of advances (net) - 2, 409. 60 = ‘Total receipts other than Freer endowment____--=-.---- 394, 499. 19 1 This statement does not include Government appropriations under the administrative charge of the- Institution. , REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE Receipts from Freer endowment: Purchase and sale of securities_.______.__._- Income from investments__......_._.-.-.-_.-- Otherreceiptss see ys ee a TN es Total receipts from Freer endowment_-_--____ Disbursements other than Freer endowment: NGimimMistracgloms ey see a ee ee Ws FAUT NIC a tH OMS pes eas eeu oy es Le aa ue ae ce Teorey eee en LN GA es ae Custodian fees and similar incidentals________ VETS Cea TE OWS se IS Ne ae eS ESC ATCC See ise ca canes NL AY et er a S. I. Retirement System_.__...-_..-.---_--- Purchase and sale of securities (net)____-_-_- COMMITTEE $69, 513. 78 307, 957. 19 3, 236. 03 157 $380, 707. 00- 1, 154, 856. 32 $64, 209. 17, 624. 542. 3, 617. 40 Total disbursements other than Freer endowment_-_-_-_-_-_- Disbursements from Freer endowment: Total disbursements from Freer endowment_-_ Investment of current funds in U: S. bonds_.._____-_ ASSETS Cash: United States Treasury cur- rent account_______.___- $407, 159. 91 129, 049. 11 ‘ 536, 209. 02 Less uninvested endowment GUMS ee te 134, 824. 51 ‘Travel'and other advances__.__./.----2--.--=+< Cash invested (U. S. Treasury notes)_....------ Investments—at book value: Endowment funds: Freer Gallery of Art: Stocks and bonds__ $6,516, 245. 14 Uninvested capital_ 97, 265. 35 eee e-em en He = ee er er $401, 384, 51 11, 798. 34 600, 778. 01 6, 613, 510. 49 316, 149. 26 301, 751. 28 746. 76 618, 647. 30 536, 209. 02 1, 154, 856. 32 $1, 013, 960. 86 158 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 Investments at book value other than Freer: Stocks and bonds___-__---- $2, 085, 730. 27 Real-estate and mortgage TOVONM SYs| Sy Sie ASE tg ly ty 15, 735. 87 Uninvested capital________- 37, 559. 16 . Special deposit in U. S. Treasury at 6 percent ANTOTES be eos ee WAN ae 1, 000, 000. 00 ————— $3, 139, 025. 30 $9, 752, 535. 79 10, 766, 496. 65 UNEXPENDED FUNDS AND ENDOWMENTS Unexpended funds: Income from Freer Gallery of Art endowment_____..--__-- $411, 474. 66 Income from other endowments: PRES tri Cte is ica arya a ee ez $206, 749. 64 General2— . == 10G@uwOnus Sonn SL ees 42 124, 014. 09 — 330, 763. 73 Gifts andioram tee) Sees ee ee LN, cen Le L 271, 722. 47 1, 0138, 960. 86 Endowment funds: iM HreersGalleryiotvArte = ase ce se esos & 6, 613, 510. 49 Other: Restricted... . $1, 411, 471. 49 Generale vty yet ean 8 is 1, 727, 553. 81 —_—_—__————__ 3, 189, 025. 30 —_—_——_—_———_ 9, 752, 535. 79 10, 766, 496. 65 The practice of maintaining savings accounts in several of the Washington banks and trust companies has been continued during the past year, and interest on those deposits amounted to $637.64. In many instances, deposits are made in banks for convenience in collection of checks, and later such funds are withdrawn and de- posited in the United States Treasury. Disbursement of funds is made by check signed by the Secretary of the Institution and drawn on the United States Treasury. The foregoing report relates only to the private funds of the Institution. The Institution gratefully acknowledges gifts from the followin Laura D. Barney, to establish Alice Pike Barney Memorial Fund, for the mainte- nance and increase of the Alice Pike Barney collection of paintings and pastels and for the encouragement of American artistic endeavor. Estate of George H. Stephenson, for securing bust of Brig. Gen. William L. Mitchell. | REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE: .;.-. 159. National Geographic Society, additional funds for expedition to western Panama. Neosho Grant, for Research in Material Culture, to be used for: describing .and analyzing Blackfoot ceremonial objects in the Denver Art Museum and to. obtain additional data from the Indians on the Blood Reservation in Alberta,.. Canada. Research Corporation, to cover costs of publication of an edition of the Spenceley 23-place logarithmic, tables. Rockefeller Foundation, Institute of Social Anthropology-Sao Paulo Fund, to- ward support of the Institution’s joint program with the Escola Livre de Socio- logia e Politica de Sao Paulo, in research, training, publications, and transla- tions in the social sciences. Rockefeller Foundation, for mounting mites on slides for classification and filing. The following appropriations were made by Congress for the Gov- ernment bureaus under the administrative charge of the Smithsonian Institution for the fiscal year 1951: Sallariespan di e@xpem Sess 2a oe a a $2, 700,000. 00 INationalleZoologieal: Parkes 2 a a 636, 000. 00 In addition, funds were transferred from other departments of the Government for expenditure under the direction of the Smithsonian Institution as follows: International Information and Educational Activities (transferred to the Smithsonian Institution from the State Department) _____ $92, 740. 00 Working Fund, transferred from the National Park Service, Interior Department, for archeological investigations in river basins throughout the United States_______________________________-__ 174, 375. 00 The Institution also administers a trust fund for partial support of the Canal Zone Biological Area, located on Barro Colorado Island in the Canal Zone. The report of the audit of the Smithsonian private funds follows: WASHINGTON, D. C., September 7, 1951 To THE BOARD oF REGENTS, SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, Washington 25, D. C. We have examined the accounts of the Smithsonian Institution relative to its private endowment funds and gifts (but excluding the National Gallery of Art and other departments, bureaus or operations administered by the Institution under Federal appropriations) for the year ended June 30, 1951. Our examina- tion was made in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards, and accordingly included such tests of the accounting records and such other auditing procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. The Institution maintains its accounts on a cash basis and does not accrue in- come and expenses. Land, buildings, furniture, equipment, works of art, living and other specimens and certain sundry property are not included in the accounts of the Institution. In our opinion, the accompanying financial statements present fairly the posi- tion of the private funds and the cash investments thereof of the Smithsonian Institution at June 30, 1951 (excluding the National Gallery of Art and other 160 § ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1951 departments, bureaus or operations administered by the Institution under the - Federal’ appropriations) and the cash receipts and disbursements for the year ended, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles applied on a basis consistent with that of the preceding year. Prat, Marwick, MrrcHett & Co. Respectfully submitted. Rosert V. FLEMING, VaANNEVAR BusH, CLARENCE CANNON, Executive Committee. i aha ih ( Hee . Hearty yy ee ae Ta aa) ey HANS s% iinet ONS HGS De aaa) Wa % Ovi ee ivan ey aaa Rea (eit SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES ‘waa 3 9088 01