R 


ial 


ne 


‘ina 


Smithsonian 
Institution 


Report of the Secretary and Financial Report 
of the Executive Committee of 
the Board of Regents 


For the year ended June 30 
1963 


Smithsonian Publication 4525 


U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 
WASHINGTON : 1964 


CONTENTS 


IVE sto Lar Tt AS Sh ek pn AS I a ee UN 
General statement___-_-------------- ADI Ne aOR AU ie 
Miva stab lisiarn erties a csi le ee a a Se 
whnesBoardvot Regentss v.28 be ok ee 
Retinementoty Dri ielloge. 2. 24) us aus ae ee ae 
National Portrait Gallerye.--2 22202525 ee esse 
National Armed Forces Museum Advisory Board _----_- 
TUT XSI ie a ee et 
\ WARSI On SF ee nS Ge a ne ee 
Replacement of Smithson plaque--_------------------ 


Reports of branches of the Institution: 


United States National Museum_-..--___-_-_------ 
International Exchange Service__-_-_------------- 
Bureau of American Ethnology_------------- .--- 
INational’ZoolocicaliParkes2 99s e eee eee 
Astrophysical Observatory =-5 sees esas ae eee 
National Collection of Fine Arts____-_-_--------- 
neers GallenyaOhwATb oe occ 2 eye ak Nes eee LE a Sh 
INationaliGallery, of Arte = 22222252225 De beequieye Ratt 
CanaleZone- Biological Aveas=222 2222 see s- see 
Nationale Aim Viuseumiere Aes eee oe eee Dee 
National: Cultunal Center=2 5-25-22. 555 222255] 
Reponumon thelibranye. 2. ok eee ee ee 
epoOnRtOnEpUbli Cations! ee == = ee eee eee 


Other activities: 


T Ee SALES a RAN Ya UN or NN AL fs et 
Science Information Exchange-_----------------- 
Simithsonian Museum Services --2 2-52 552- 021255 
Report of the executive committee of the Board of Regents 


Ses 
el (ts 
DNS 
t. " 


THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 


June 30, 1963 


Presiding Officer ex officio—JoHN F. KENNEpy, President of the United States. 
Chancellor. —HaRrL WARREN, Chief Justice of the United States. 
Members of the Institution: 
JOHN F. KEnneEpy, President of the United States. 
Lynpon B. JoHNSON, Vice President of the United States. 
HARL WARREN, Chief Justice of the United States. 
DEAN RvskE, Secretary of State. 
DovuGuLas DILion, Secretary of the Treasury. 
Rosert 8S. McNamara, Secretary of Defense. 
Rosert F’, KENNEDY, Attorney General. 
J. Epwarp Day, Postmaster General. 
Stewart L. UDALL, Secretary of the Interior. 
ORVILLE L. FREEMAN, Secretary of Agriculture. 
LuTHER H. Hopess, Secretary of Commerce. 
W. WILLARD WrrRTz, Secretary of Labor. 
ANTHONY J. CELEBREZZE, Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare. 
Regents of the Institution: 
EARL WARREN, Chief Justice of the United States, Chancellor. 
LyNpbon B. JoHNSON, Vice President of the United States. 
CLinton P. ANDERSON, Member of the Senate. 
J. WILLIAM FULBRIGHT, Member of the Senate. 
LEVERETT SALTONSTALL, Member of the Senate. 
Frank T. Bow, Member of the House of Representatives. 
CLARENCE CANNON, Member of the House of Representatives. 
MicHAEL J. KIRwWAN, Member of the House of Representatives. 
JOHN NIcHOLAS Brown, citizen of Rhode Island. 
WitiiaM A. M. BurbDEN, citizen of New York. 
Rosert V. FLEMING, citizen of Washington, D.C. 
CRAWFORD H. GREENEWALT, citizen of Delaware. 
Cary P. HASKINS, citizen of Washington, D.C. 
JEROME C. HUNSAKER, citizen of Massachusetts. 
Executive Committee—RoBERT V. FLEMING, Chairman, CLARENCE CANNON, 
Cary P. HASKINS. 
Secretary.—LEONARD CARMICHAEL. 
Assistant Secretaries.—JAMES C. BRADLEY, ALBERT C. SMITH. 
Assistant to the Secretary.—THEODORE W. TAYLOR. 
Administrative assistant to the Secretary.—MkRs. LouIsE M. PEARSON. 
Treasurer.—EpeGar L. Roy. 
Chief, editorial and publications division —PAavuL H. OEHSER. 
Librarian.—RvutTH BW. BLANCHARD. 
Curator, Smithsonian Museum Service.—G. CARROLL LINDSAY. 
Buildings Manager.—ANDREW F. MICHEALS, JR. 
Director of Personnel.—J. A. KENNEDY. 


VI ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


Chief, supply division—A. W. WILDING. 
Chief, photographic service division.—O. H. GREESON. 


UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Direcitor.—F. A. Taylor. 
Registrar—Helena M. Weiss. 
Conservator.—C. H. Olin. 


MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 


Director.—T. D. Stewart. 
Assistant Directors.—R. 8S. Cowan, I. E. Wallen. 
Administrative officer——Mrs. Mabel A. Byrd. 
DEPARTMENT oF ANTHROPOLOGY: W. R. Wedel, head curator; A. J. Andrews, 
exhibits specialist. 
Division of Archeology: Clifford Evans, Jr., curator; G. W. Van Beek, 
associate curator. 
Division of Ethnology: 8. H. Riesenberg, curator; G. D. Gibson, H. I. Knez, 
W. H. Crocker, associate curators. 
Division of Physical Anthropology: J. L. Angel, curator. 
DEPARTMENT oF ZooLocy : H. H. Hobbs, Jr., head curator; F. A. Chace, Jr., senior 
scientist ; W. M. Perrygo, in charge of taxidermy. 
Division of Mammals: D. H. Johnson, curator; H. W. Setzer, C. O. Handley, 
Jr., associate curators. 
Division of Birds: P. S. Humphrey, curator, G. H. Watson, assistant curator. 
Division of Reptiles and Amphibians: Doris M. Cochran, curator. 
Division of Fishes: L. P. Schultz, curator; H. A. Lachner, W. R. Taylor, 
V. G. Springer, 8S. H. Weitzman, R. H. Gibbs, Jr., associate curators. 
Division of Insects: J. F. G. Clarke, curator; O. L. Cartwright, R. H. Crabill, 
Jr., W. D. Field, D. R. Davis, O. S. Flint, Jr., D. W. Duckworth, P. J. 
Spangler, associate curators. 
Division of Marine Invertebrates: D. F. Squires, curator; T. E. Bowman, 
C. E. Cutress, Jr., Marian H. Pettibone, R. R. Manning, associate curators. 
Division of Mollusks: H. A. Rehder, curator; J. P. E. Morrison, Joseph 
Rosewater, associate curators. 
DEPARTMENT OF Botany (NATIONAL HERBARIUM): J. R. Swallen, head curator. 
Division of Phanerogams: L. B. Smith, curator; Velva E. Rudd, J. J. 
Wurdack, associate curators; 8. G. Shetler, assistant curator. 
Division of Ferns: C. V. Morton, curator. 
Division of Grasses: J. R. Swallen, acting curator; T. R. Soderstrom, asso- 
ciate curator. 
Division of Cryptogams: M. E. Hale, Jr., curator; P. S. Conger, H. E. 
Robinson, R. E. Norris, associate curators. 
Division of Plant Anatomy: W. L. Stern, curator; R. H. Hyde, associate 
curator. 
DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY: G. A. Cooper, head curator. 
Division of Mineralogy and Petrology: G. 8S. Switzer, curator; EH. P. Hender- 
son, P. BE. Desautels, associate curators; R. S. Clarke, Jr., chemist. 
Division of Invertebrate Paleontology and Paleobotany: R. S. Boardman, 
curator; P. M. Kier, Richard Cifelli, EH. G. Kauffman, F. M. Hueber, 
M. A. Buzas, associate curators. 
Division of Vertebrate Paleontology: C. L. Gazin, curator; D. H. Dunkle, 
Nicholas Hotton III, associate curators; F. L. Pearce, exhibits specialist. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT VII 


OcEANOGRAPHY ProgRAM: I. E. Wallen, assistant director; H. A. Fehlmann, 
supervisory museum specialist, Smithsonian Oceanographic Sorting Center. 


MUSEUM OF HISTORY AND TECHNOLOGY 


Director.—¥. A. Taylor. 

Assistant Director—J. C. Ewers. 

Administrative officers—W. E. Boyle, Virginia Beets. 

DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY: R. P. Multhauf, head curator. 

Division of Physical Sciences: R. P. Multhauf, acting curator; W. F. Cannon, 
associate curator. 

Division of Mechanical and Civil Engineering: 8. A. Bedini, curator; E. A. 
Battison, R. M. Vogel, associate curators. 

Division of Transportation: H. I. Chapelle, curator; K. M. Perry, J. H. White, 
Jr., associate curators. 

Division of Electricity: B. 8. Finn, associate curator in charge. 

Division of Medical Sciences: S. K. Hamarneh, curator. 

DEPARTMENT OF ARTS AND MANUFACTURES: P. W. Bishop, head curator. 

Division of Textiles: Mrs. Grace R. Cooper, curator. 

Division of Ceramics and Glass: P. V. Gardner, curator; J. J. Miller II, 
assistant curator. 

Division of Graphic Arts: Jacob Kainen, curator; F. O. Griffith, Eugene 
Ostroff, associate curators. 

Division of Manufactures and Heavy Industries: P. W. Bishop, acting 
curator. 

Division of Agriculture and Forest Products: W. C. Kendall, associate curator 
in charge. 

DEPARTMENT oF Civit History: R. H. Howland, head curator; P. C. Welsh, 
curator; Mrs. Doris E. Borthwick, Ellen J. Finnegan, assistant curators. 

Division of Political History: W. ©. Washburn, curator; Mrs. Margaret 
Brown Klapthor, associate curator ; H. R. Collins, K. H. Melder, Mrs. Anne 
W. Murray, assistant curators. 

Division of Cultural History: C. M. Watkins, curator; Rodris C. Roth, asso- 
ciate curator; A. W. Hathaway, Mrs. Cynthia A. Hoover, J. N. Pearce, 
assistant curators. 

Division of Philately and Postal History: F. J. McCall, associate curator in 
charge; C. H. Scheele, assistant curator. 

Division of Numismatics: Vladimir Clain-Stefanelli, curator; Mrs. Elvira 
Clain-Stefanelli, associate curator; Barbara F. Bode, junior curator. 

DEPARTMENT OF ARMED Forces History: M. L. Peterson, head curator. 

Division of Military History: B®. M. Howell, curator; C. R. Goins, Jr., asso- 
ciate curator. 

Division of Naval History: P. K. Lundeberg, curator; M. H. Jackson, 
associate curator. 

OFFICE OF EXHIBITS 
Chief—J. H. Anglim. 
Museum of Natural History Laboratory: A. G. Wright, assistant chief; Julius 
Tretick, production supervisor. 
Museum of History and Technology Laboratory: B. W. Lawless, chief ; B. 8. Bory, 
production supervisor. 


INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE SERVICE 
Chief —J. A. Collins. 


VIII ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK 


Director.—T. H. Reed. 

Associate Director.—J. L. Grimmer. 
General Curator.—Waldfried T. Roth. 
Zoologist.—Marion McCrane. 
Veterinarian.—Clinton W. Gray. 


BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY 


Director.—¥. H. H. Roberts, Jr. 

Anthropologist.—H. B. Collins, Jr. 

Ethnologists—W. C. Sturtevant, Robert M. Laughlin. 

River Basin Surveys.—F. H. H. Roberts, Jr., Director; R. L. Stephenson, 
Chief, Missouri Basin Project. 


ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY 


Director.—F. L. Whipple. 

Assistant Directors.—C. W. Tillinghast, Charles Lundquist. 

Astronomers.—G. Colombo, lL. Goldberg, G. S. Hawkins, I. G. Izsak, Y. Kozai, 
R. Martin, J. Slowey, L. Solomon, F. W. Wright. 

Mathematicians.—R. W. Briggs, D. A. Lautman. 

Physicists —K. Avrett, N. P. Carleton, A. F. Cook, R. J. Davis, J. DeFelice, C. H. 
Dugan, G. G. Fazio, E. L. Fireman, F. Franklin, O. Gingerich, M. Grossi, P. V. 
Hodge, W. M. Irvine, L. G. Jacchia, W. Kalkofen, R. E. McCrosky, H. Mitler, 
R. W. Noyes, C. E. Sagan, A. Skalafuris, R. B. Southworth, D. Tilles, C. A. 
Whitney. 

Geodesists.—W. Kohnlein, J. Rolff, G. Veis. 

Geologists.—O. B. Marvin, J. Wood. 

DIVISION OF RADIATION AND ORGANISMS: 

Chief —W'. H. Klein. 

Assistant Chief—W. Shropshire. 

Biochemists.—D. L. Correll, M. M. Margulies. 

Geochemist.—J. J. Sigalove. 

Plant physiologists—P. J. A. L. deLint, J. L. Edwards, V. B. Hlstad, 
L. Loercher, K. Mitrakos, L. Price. 

Electronic engineers.—J. H. Harrison, H. J. Lehfeldt. 

Instrument engineering technicians.—D. G. Talbert, W. N. Cogswell. 

Physicist.—B. Goldberg. 


NATIONAL COLLECTION OF FINE ARTS 


Director.—T. M. Beggs. 

Associate curator.—Rowland Lyon. 

SMITHSONIAN TRAVELING EXHIBITION SERVICE.—Mrs. Annemarie H. Pope, Chief. 

SMITHSONIAN ArT CoMMISSION.—Paul Manship (chairman), Leonard Carmichael 
(secretary), Gilmore D. Clarke (vice chairman), David E. Finley, Lloyd 
Goodrich, Walter Hancock, Bartlett H. Hayes, Jr., Wilmarth S. Lewis, Henry 
P. MclIlhenny, Paul Mellon, Douglas Orr, Ogden M. Pleissner, Edgar P. 
Richardson, Charles H. Sawyer, Stow Wengenroth, Andrew Wyeth, Alexander 
Wetmore (member emeritus). 


FREER GALLERY OF ART 


Director.—JoHN A. POPE. 
Assistant Director.—Harold P. Stern. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT IX 


Head curator, Near Eastern Art.—Richard Httinghausen. 
Associate curator, Chinese Art—James F. Cahill. 
Head curator, Laboratory.—Rutherford J. Gettens. 


NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART 
Trustees: 


HARL WARREN, Chief Justice of the United States, Chairman. 
DEAN Rusk, Secretary of State. 
DoucLas DILLON, Secretary of the Treasury. 
LEONARD CARMICHAEL, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. 
PaAauL MELLON. 
JOHN Hay WHITNEY. 
JOHN N. Irwin II. 
President. PAUL MELLON. 
Vice President —Joun Hay WHITNEY. 
Secretary-Treasurer.—HuUNTINGTON CAIRNS. 
Director—JOHN WALKER. 
Administrator.—ERNEST R. FEIDLER. 
General Counsel.—HuNTINGTON CAIRNS. 
Chief Curator.—PeErry B. Cort. 


NATIONAL AIR MUSEUM 
Advisory Board: 


Leonard Carmichael, Chairman. 
Maj. Gen. Brooke E. Allen, U.S. Air Force. 
Vice Adm. William A. Schoech, U.S. Navy. 
James H. Doolittle (Lt. Gen., U.S.A.F. Ret.) 
Grover Loening. 
Director.—P. S. Hopkins 
Head curator and historian.—P. EH. Garber. 
Curators.—L. 8. Casey, K. E. Newland. 
Curator.—R. B. Meyer. 


CANAL ZONE BIOLOGICAL AREA 
Director.—M. H. Moynihan. 


NATIONAL CULTURAL CENTER 
Trustees: 


Howarp FEF. AHMANSON. 

FLoyp D. AKERS. 

Lucius D. Battie, Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cul. 
tural Affairs, ex officio. 

RatpeH HE. BECKER. 

K. LEMoyYNE BILLINGS. 

Epear M. BRONFMAN. 

JOHN NICHOLAS Brown. 

Ratpeu J. BUNCH. 

LEONARD CARMICHAEL, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, ex officio. 

ANTHONY J. CELEBREZZE, Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, ex 
officio. 

JOSEPH S. CLARK. 

J. WILLIAM FULBRIGHT. 


x ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


Mrs. GrorGe A. GARRETT. 
FRANCIS KeEeprpeL, Commissioner, U.S. Office of Education, ex officio. 
Mrs. ALBERT D. LASKER. 
GEORGE MEANY. 
L. Quincy Mumrorp, Librarian of Congress, ex officio. 
Mrs. CHARLOTTE T. REID. 
RICHARD 8S. REYNOLDS, JR. 
LEVERETT SALTONSTALL. 
MRs. JOUETT SHOUSE. 
Rocer L. STEVENS. 
L. CoRRIN STRONG. 
FRANK THOMPSON. 
WALTER N. ToBRINER, President, D.C. Board of Commissioners, e# officio. 
WILLIAM WALTON. 
WILLIAM H. Waters, JR., Chairman, D.C. Recreation Board, ea officio. 
ConraD L. WirtH, Director of the National Park Service, ex officio. 
JIM WRIGHT. 
Officers: 
Chairman.—RoceER lL. STEVENS. 
Vice chairman.—lL., CoRRIN STRONG. 
Treasurer.—DANIEL W. BELL. 
Counsel.—RALPH HE). BECKER. 
Assistant secretary.— Mrs. JAMES CANTRELL. 
Assistant treasurers.—PAUL SELTZER, KENNETH BIRGFELD. 


NATIONAL ARMED FORCES MUSEUM ADVISORY BOARD 


JOHN NICHOLAS Brown, Chairman. 

LEONARD CARMICHAEL, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, ex officio. 
Rurus HE. CLEMENT. 

Davip L. KREEGER. 

Freep KortH, Secretary of the Navy. 

Rosert 8S. McNamara, Secretary of Defense, ex officio. 
Cyrus R. Vancn, Secretary of the Army. 

EARL WARREN, Chief Justice of the United States. 
WILLIAM W. WHITEMAN, JR. 

Henry B. WASHBURN, JR. 

HUGENE M. ZucKERT, Secretary of the Air Force. 


NATIONAL PORTRAIT GALLERY 


National Portrait Gallery Commission: 


CATHERINE DRINKER BOWEN. 

JULIAN P. Boyp. 

JOHN NICHOLAS BRowNn. 

LEONARD CARMICHAEL, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, e# officio. 
LEWIS DESCHLER. 

Davip HE. FINLEY. 

WILMARTH SHELDON LEWIS. 

RicHArD H. SHRYOCK. 

FREDERICK P. Topp. 

JOHN WALKER, Director of the National Gallery of Art, ex officio. 
HARL WARREN, Chief Justice of the United States, ex officio. 


SECRETARY'S REPORT XI 


Honorary Smithsonian Fellows, Collaborators, Associates, Custodians of 
Collections, and Honorary Curators 
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY 


John HB. Graf 
Remington Kellogg 


Unitep States NATIONAL Museum 


MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 


Anthropology 
J. M. Campbell, Archeology. Betty J. Meggers, Archeology. 
G. H. Cole, Archeology. ¥. M. Setzler, Anthropology. 
Albert Jamme, Archeology: H. Morgan Smith, Archeology. 
N. M. Judd, Anthropology. W. W. Taylor, Jr., Anthropology. 
H. W. Krieger, Ethnology. W. J. Tobin, Physical Anthropology. 
Zoology 
O. L. Austin, Birds W. L. Jellison, Insects. 
W. W. Becklund, Helminthology. Allen McIntosh, Mollusks. 
Mrs. Doris H. Blake, Insects. J. P. Moore, Marine Invertebrates. 
J. Bruce Bredin, Biology. C. F. W. Muesebeck, Insects. 
W. L. Brown, Mammals. W.L. Schmitt, Marine Invertebrates. 
M. A. Carriker, Jr., Insects. Benjamin Schwartz, Helminthology. 
Ailsa M. Clark, Marine Invertebrates. | T. EH. Snyder, Isoptera. 
H. G. Deignan, Birds. H. K. Townes, Insects. 
C. J. Drake, Insects. Robert Traub, Mammals. 
K. C, Emerson, Insects. Alexander Wetmore, Birds. 
Herbert Friedmann, Birds. Mrs. Mildred §. Wilson, Copepod Crus- 
FE. M. Hull, Insects. tacea. 
Laurence Irving, Birds. 
Botany 
C. R. Benjamin, Fungi. F. A. McClure, Grasses. 
Mrs. Agnes Chase, Grasses. Mrs. Kittie F. Parker, Phanerogams. 
E. P. Killip, Phanerogams. J. A. Stevenson, Fungi. 
E. C. Leonard, Phanerogams. W.N. Watkins, Woods. 
Geology 


C. W. Cooke, Invertebrate Paleontology. | W. T. Schaller, Mineralogy. 
J. T. Dutro, Invertebrate Paleontology. |W. P. Woodring, Invertebrate Paleon- 
A. A. Olsson, Invertebrate Paleontology. tology. 


XII ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


MUSEUM OF HISTORY AND TECHNOLOGY 


Science and Technology 
D. J. Price 
Civil History 
Mrs. Arthur M. Greenwood, Cultural | F. W. McKay, Numismatics. 
History. Emery May Norweb, Numismatics 
BE. C. Herber, History. R. Henry Norweb, Numismatics 
I. N. Hume, Cultural History. 
Armed Forces History 
W.R. Furlong. Byron McCandless. 
F. C. Lane. 
Exhibits 
W. L. Brown, Taxidermy 
BuREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY 
Sister M. Inez Hilger. A. J. Waring, Jr. 


M. W. Stirling. 
ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY 
C. G. Abbot 


FREER GALLERY OF ART 


Oleg Grabar. 
Grace Dunham Guest. 


Max Loehr. 
Katherine N. Rhoades. 


NATIONAL AIR MusEuUM 


Frederick C. Crawford. Alfred V. Verville. 
John J. Ide. 


NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK 
EK. P. Walker 
CANAL ZONE BIOLOGICAL AREA 


C. C. Soper 


Report of the Secretary of the 
Smithsonian Institution 
LEONARD CARMICHAEL 


For the Year Ended June 30, 1963 


To the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution: 

GENTLEMEN : I have the honor to submit a report showing the activi- 
ties and condition of the Smithsonian Institution and its branches for 
the fiscal year ended June 30, 1963. 


GENERAL STATEMENT 


James Smithson directed that the Institution founded by him should 
be an establishment for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among 
men. The 117th year of the Smithsonian Institution, covered in the 
present report, shows notable achievements in research; that is, in the 
increase of knowledge. The publications, museum displays, and the 
answering of letters requesting information have all served during 
the year to further the diffusion of knowledge. 

In the pages that follow, reports of the activities of each of the 
bureaus of the Smithsonian present in some detail the story of the year. 
Additions to the collections, publications, new exhibits, new research 
findings, and explorations are all described. 

The year’s most notable development has been the progress made 
in the completion of the great new Museum of History and Tech- 
nology Building. This marble structure will be one of the largest 
and one of the most modern and effective museums in the world. 
Its 50 public exhibition halls will almost certainly be viewed each 
year by at least 5 million visitors. The building has been planned so 
that access to exhibits and the movement of visitors through the halls 
will be as convenient as possible and produce a minimum of what is 
often all too accurately called “museum fatigue.” In planning each 
new exhibit an effort has been made to make every display a complete 
instructional unit. Space has also been set aside for the great study 
collections of the Institution in the fields of history and technology, 
containing objects that are not on public exhibition but that are of 
importance to the thousands of research scholars, specialists, and 
collectors who come to the Smithsonian every year to learn more 
in detail about some particular field of inquiry. 

1 


2 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


The new east-wing addition to the National History Building, virtu- 
ally completed by the end of the year, has been occupied by staff 
scientists. Many of the great biological and geological study and 
research collections of the Institution have been moved into space 
provided in this wing. The completion of these additional facilities, 
when supplemented by the later completion of the west wing, will 
again allow the opening of some large public halls of the Natural 
History Building that have had to be closed for many years in order 
to provide space for research activities. During the more than 50 
years between the completion of this great Natural History Building 
and the construction of these new wings, much exhibition space had 
necessarily been encroached upon. Now these fine halls, originally 
planned for natural-history exhibitions, can be returned to their 
proper use. 

As noted in the reports that follow, physical improvements have 
also been carried on at the National Zoological Park. Planning has 
also been completed for the renovation of the old Patent Office Build- 
ing. This building, by an act of Congress, has been assigned to the 
Smithsonian Institution as the new home of the National Collection 
of Fine Arts and of the new National Portrait Gallery. 


The Decade 1953-63 


Each annual report of the Smithsonian Institution describes the 
advances that have been made in a single period of 12 months. It 
may not be inappropriate occasionally in an annual report to sum- 
marize accomplishments and changes that have taken place in the 
Institution over a longer period of time. The decade 1953-63 has 
been one marked by much progress at the Institution. As the present 
report is the last one that will be submitted to the Board of Regents 
by the present Secretary, it has seemed fitting to review here briefly 
some of the highpoints of this 10-year period. These years cover the 
major period of tenure of the present Secretary. 

It must be emphasized that all the advances made at the Smithsonian 
Institution during the period under review are a result of the actions 
and support of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution 
and of the Congress of the United States. 

In the paragraphs that follow, brief summaries are presented of 
some of the major activities in this notable decade of each of the bu- 
reaus of the Smithsonian. 


United States National Museum, 1953-63 


Ten years ago, as at the present time, the United States National 
Museum consisted of two major sections. The Natural History Mu- 
seum, in terms of national and indeed international recognition, prob- 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 3 


ably the best known part of the Museum, has developed in the decade 
under consideration in an outstanding way. The other section, now 
called the Museum of History and Technology, has seen an equally 
important development. 

In 1953 there were more than 84 million cataloged objects in the Na- 
tional Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. By 1963 this number 
had grown to over 57 million such objects. Sometimes those who 
do not know intimately the work of the Smithsonian ask why the 
collections have been allowed to develop so rapidly. The answer, 
of course, is that the scientific work of the Smithsonian depends 
very largely upon the use of these study collections by literally 
thousands of competent investigators. Much of the world-famous 
scientific study of insects, of plants, of minerals, and of other areas 
of the natural resources of our Nation that is carried out at the Smith- 
sonian Institution, could not be performed if it were not for the pres- 
ence of these great, and in many cases unique, assemblages of care- 
fully documented and labeled scientific specimens. During the decade 
under consideration the staff of the Natural History Museum has been 
markedly strengthened so that it can more adequately perform nec- 
essary investigations related to these collections. Much of this re- 
search has specific applications to medicine, especially military medi- 
cine, the effect of radiation on living cells, insect control, general 
problems of conservation, the development of food resources, and the 
scientific knowledge of the natural history of the earth. 

Field investigations conducted by the Museum have more than dou- 
bled in number during this decade, and nearly all of them have been 
conducted, not with funds appropriated to the Smithsonian, but with 
gifts or grants made by individuals, foundations, or government agen- 
cies. Recently the Smithsonian Oceanographic Sorting Center was 
established to receive, screen, sort, and distribute for scientific study 
the animals, plants, and minerals collected in the expanding oceano- 
graphic program of the United States. Public and private funds have 
also made it possible for the Smithsonian to participate in the develop- 
ment of techniques for underwater scientific study. 

Only 10 years ago most of the corridors of the great Natural History 
Museum Building were lined from floor to ceiling with cases containing 
the working scientific reference collections of the Institution. Scien- 
tists were required to work on stepladders and in walled-off stairwells 
or behind screens in exhibition halls. In 1958 Congress appropriated 
funds for the design of desperately needed additions to the Natural 
History Building that had been authorized many years before. The 
east wing, now complete, has added 214,000 square feet of space to 
allow the proper and effective housing of scientific collections of the 
Smithsonian. Funds have also been appropriated to allow the erection 


4 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


of the symmetrically matching west wing. Work on the building of 
this wing is expected to start in calendar year 1963. 

In 1953 the 72-year-old Arts and Industries Building was rather 
generally known in the American press as the “nation’s attic.” This 
old building for years had led most of the rest of the museums of the 
world in the popularity of its exhibits as measured by annual attend- 
ance, but it was almost pathetically inadequate to accommodate its 
great collections or to provide adequately for the tremendous crowds 
that pushed into it day after day. In 1955 Congress authorized the 
construction of a new building to be known as the Museum of History 
and Technology of the Smithsonian Institution. This additional mag- 
nificent building is now nearing completion and will soon be equipped 
with exhibits and be open to the public. The old Arts and Industries 
Building will not be abandoned but will be used for special exhibits 
and for the display of important objects that are appropriate for its 
large halls. 

During the decade under review, historians of science and tech- 
nology, some of them recent additions to the staff of the Institution, 
have systematized the collections of the Smithsonian in both history 
and technology. They have developed modern exhibits and have pre- 
pared scholarly publications to present to the world the results of their 
investigations of the collection of treasures housed at the Smithsonian. 
Until the beginning of this decade most of the publications of the 
Smithsonian Institution were in fields of study related to the sciences 
of astronomy, anthropology, botany, zoology, and geology. Today 
more than 250 monographs and books have been published to provide 
a scholarly basis for the understanding of some of the great collections 
of objects in the Museum of History and Technology. 

These new Smithsonian publications and the new exhibits in the 
fields of history and technology have brought to the attention of col- 
lectors all over America, and indeed all over the world, the significance 
of the Smithsonian’s work. New interest in the Institution’s collec- 
tions in the field of the decorative arts, and in the collections of furni- 
ture, silver, ceramics, textiles, and prints, has been especially notable. 
Increasingly during these years Smithsonian experts have taken 
important parts in the programs of seminars and museum conferences 
dealing with the preservation and understanding of objects in these 
fields. New methods of examination, interpretation, exhibition, and, 
above all preservation have been developed during this time in the 
workrooms and laboratories of the Smithsonian. 

During this period the Institution has participated in excavations 
at a number of colonial American sites. Nearly all this work has been 
fully or partly supported by funds provided from private sources. 
Asa result of these studies new knowledge has come concerning the 


SECRETARY'S REPORT 5 


mode of life of Americans during the early years of the country, and 
the pottery, weapons, insignia, tools, and trade objects of our young 
nation are now much better understood than they were 10 years ago. 

One of the prime reasons for the vast increase in the number of visi- 
tors at the Smithsonian museums has been the development that has 
taken place in this decade in the presentation of exhibits. It is not 
by chance that the number of visitors in the old Smithsonian buildings 
on the Mall in 1952-53 totaled 3,429,000, whereas the number in 1963 
reached the amazing figure of 10,309,000. Since 1953, 28 large exhi- 
bitfon units have been transformed from halls full of poorly lighted 
cases crammed with objects to well-labeled, modern, teaching ex- 
hibits. It is not an exaggeration to say that the truly creative work 
of the exhibit staff of the Smithsonian has become famous, not only in 
every other great museum of America but also in all the large museums 
in the rest of the world. 

A few additional notes may be made concerning developments in 
particular areas of interest : 

The Institution has long had one of the great collections of musical 
instruments of the country. Unfortunately, most of these were not 
in condition to be played and were not easily viewed. Many of the 
most important have been restored and can now be played. Some of 
them have been used in concerts provided free for the public by volun- 
teer musicians. A scientific analytical laboratory has been established 
at the Smithsonian, and here physical and chemical techniques are now 
employed in the important task of providing better methods for pro- 
tecting and conserving the treasures of the Smithsonian. During this 
decade the White House has been generally renovated. Under the 
direction of the President of the United States and the staff of the 
White House, the Smithsonian has played a role in the development 
of exhibits of the history of the White House as now displayed in the 
visitor’s entrance to this historic center of our Nation. An act of Con- 
gress, passed in 1961, provided that objects not needed for use or dis- 
play at any time at the White House are to be transferred to the Smith- 
sonian Institution. 

Annual reports of the Smithsonian list the splendid donations that 
come to the Institution in each 12-month period. Among the espe- 
cially notable gifts of the decade may be mentioned the following: 

President John F. Kennedy presented a magnificent volume, the 
“Atlas Nouveau” by Nicolas Sanson, 1692, beautifully bound for the 
instruction of the Dauphin of France. 

Mrs. Arthur M. Greenwood gave many objects illustrating American 
colonial living, including an entire two-story, four-bedroom house 
built in Massachusetts in 1678. 

7107-81763 2 


6 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


The Honorable and Mrs. Wiley T. Buchanan, Jr., purchased for 
the Museum 600 fine examples of early Rhenish and Dutch pottery; 
Harry Winston gave the great blue Hope Diamond; and the estate 
of Mrs. Maude Monell Vetlesen, through her son Edmund C. Monell, 
donated 130 pieces of beautifully carved jade ranging in age from the 
Ming through the Ching dynasties. 

Dr. Hans Syz began presenting in annual installments one of the 
outstanding privately owned collections of fine European porcelain 
of the earliest period. Mrs. Herbert Arthur May made gifts of laces, 
glass, Americana, Indian materials, and the magnificent necklace of 
diamonds which Napoleon I gave to the Empress Marie-Louise on 
the occasion of the birth of their son in 1811. 

Lessing J. Rosenwald presented an outstanding English astrolabe 
of 1825 and a 16th-century folding sundial compass engraved with 
maps and travel routes of central Kurope. The International Busi- 
ness Machines Corp. presented 21 beautifully engraved astrolabes 
from Persia, India, North Africa, and Europe of the 13th and later 
centuries, and 24 rare pre-Spanish textiles. 

Willis H. du Pont made two outstanding gifts: a collection of coins 
and medals struck in the name of Peter the Great, with a copy of 
the rare 11-volume monograph on Russian coins by the Grand Duke 
Georgii Mikhailovitch; and 860 coins and medals issued in the reigns 
of Czar Ivan III and Czarina Elizabeth, also from the Grand Duke’s 
collection. 

The family of the late Henry T. Peters presented nearly 2,000 
lithographs by American printmakers other than Currier and Ives, 
from the “America on Stone” collection. 

Mrs. W. Murray Crane presented a fine collection of French and 
English furniture of the 18th century, and the Misses Helen R. 
and Elizabeth W. Newcombe gave the complete furnishings of a 19th- 
century American parlor. 

Senator Clinton P. Anderson, Regent of the Smithsonian, presented 
a fine copy of the Kelmscott Chaucer printed by William Morris in 
1896; and the late Mrs. Richard Saltonstall, mother of Senator 
Leverett Saltonstall, Regent of the Smithsonian, gave a handsome 
family carriage made by Thomas Goddard of Boston in 1851; included 
with the gift was a grant for its restoration. 

Mrs. Clara W. Berwick made several gifts, one of 176 pieces of 
early American glass; Mrs. George Hewitt Myers gave 48 pieces of 
rare Castleford porcelain of 1790-1820. Arthur EK. Wullschleger 
discovered a French hand-and-foot treadle loom of the 18th century 
equipped with a Jacquard mechanism of the early 19th century, which 
he restored and presented to the Smithsonian. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 7 


Joseph J. Fényk6évi donated an African elephant of record size. 

Mrs. John Logan (the former Mrs. Rebecca Pollard Guggenheim) 
presented a 423-carat sapphire. Ralph E. Becker gave many out- 
standing objects from his collection of political campaign materials, 
including a painted banner celebrating the victory of Thomas 
Jefferson in 1801. 

Through the foresight of Dr. Robert V. Fleming, Regent of the 
Smithsonian, the Southern Railway Co. preserved and presented a 
fine example of a late steam locomotive which has been installed in 
the new Museum of History and Technology. 

The Revolutionary War gunboat Philadelphia, complete with its 
cannons and 700 pieces of military equipment found in it, was ac- 
quired from the estate of the late Col. Lorenzo F. Hagelund, who 
expressed in his will the hope that it be preserved in the National 
Museum. Also acquired was the unmatched W. Stokes Kirk collec- 
tion of 3,000 items of military insignia and accouterments. 

Dr. W. L. Libby presented the experimental equipment he used in 
developing the carbon-14 method of dating archeological objects. 
The Bell Telephone Laboratories gave 66 pieces of early telephone 
equipment for the telephone exhibit gallery presented by the Bell 
System and the independent telephone industry. Gifts of the Ameri- 
can Telephone & Telegraph Co. include the duplicate Telstar com- 
munications satellite. The original equipment of the Nobel prize 
winners Drs. T. D. Lee and C. N. Yang employed in their nonparity 
nuclear experiments was collected for preservation, as was the elec- 
tronic digital computer “Maniac,” the gift of Princeton University. 

During the period a number of administrative developments 
strengthened the work of the United States National Museum. By 
act of Congress a National Armed Forces Museum Advisory Board 
has been established. The volunteer unpaid Junior League Docent 
Service and the Smithsonian Museum Service have both been estab- 
lished to provide better educational work for schoolchildren at the 
Smithsonian. The installation of an Audio-Guide system in many 
exhibition halls has given information about the collections that ap- 
peals to the ear to supplement the labels intended for the eye. 


International Exchange Service, 1953-63 


The International Exchange Service is one of the oldest units of 
the Smithsonian. Its work, originated and organized by the first and 
great Secretary of the Smithsonian, Joseph Henry, more than a cen- 
tury ago, is specifically authorized in 49 international treaties and 
conventions. 

During the decade under considerations, the International Ex- 
change Service received for transmission more publications than in 


8 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


any like period of its long history. There were 12,704,583 pub- 
lications weighing 9,228,617 pounds received for forwarding through 
the Service. 

The increased workload was handled at little or no additional 
increase in cost and with no additional employees. The use of card- 
board cartons in place of wooden boxes for packing publications for 
oversea Shipments has resulted in a large saving. 

Direct booking of ocean freight shipments with the steamship lines, 
instead of through forwarding agents, has resulted not only in a large 
saving of the fees that would have been charged by the forwarding 
agents for their services but also in a more efficient operation. Three 
weeks or more were necessary under the old system of booking be- 
tween packing and the shipping of the publications to the steamship 
piers. Publications are now packed, booked, and shipped in a period 
of 1 day to 1 week. This method of transmission has reduced the 
amount of space necessary for storage of cartons of publications 
awaiting shipment to the steamship lines and has speeded up the 
turnover of publications on hand for shipment. 

A new method of processing publications for mailing has resulted 
in a faster transmission to the intended addressees. The old method 
of processing required a period of from 1 to 2 weeks before mailing. 
The new method provides for mailing on the day of receipt or the 
following day. 


Bureau of American Ethnology, 1953-63 


During the decade 1953-63 the activities of the Bureau of American 
Ethnology were concerned principally with expeditions and researches 
in the field and publication of anthropological monographs. This 
unit of the Smithsonian, founded by the great Major John Wesley 
Powell, is possibly the first center in the country, or even in the world, 
for research in cultural anthropology. Its publications are famous 
wherever anthropology is studied. 

Of particular significance in the decade under review is the pro- 
gram in archeology carried on in the extreme northern part of the 
continent. In the earlier years of the period, archeological excava- 
tions were conducted at Cornwallis Island in the Canadian Arctic, 
the work being sponsored jointly by the Smithsonian Institution and 
the National Museum of Canada. In the Hudson Bay area, investiga- 
tions on Southampton and Coats Islands occupied several seasons, 
a cooperative project of the Smithsonian Institution, the National 
Museum of Canada, and the National Geographic Society. Sub- 
sequently the American Philosophical Society joined in the financial 
sponsorship of those activities and attention was turned to Walrus 
Island. The extensive materials collected from the various islands 


SECRETARY’S REPORT - 9 


greatly increased knowledge about the various peoples who have lived 
there over a long period of time. Articles about the results and sig- 
nificance of the studies were published by the Smithsonian and in 
professional journals. 

An extensive program of archeological research was carried on at 
the important Olmec site of La Venta, Tabasco, Mexico. This was 
a cooperative project in which the Smithsonian Institution, the Na- 
tional Geographic Society, and the University of California partici- 
pated. The results obtained at La Venta, published as a bulletin of 
the Bureau, contribute significantly to a proper understanding of 
the place the Olmecs occupied in the cultural development of early 
America. 

During this decade excavations at Russell Cave in Alabama were 
sponsored by the Smithsonian Institution and financed by the Na- 
tional Geographic Society. Russell Cave is important because of 
the long sequence of cultural deposits it contains, and the materials 
from it make possible the reconstruction of aboriginal developments 
over a period extending back about 9,000 years. Evidences for many 
cultural traits not previously recognized in the American South came 
to light during the course of the digging. The National Geographic 
Society subsequently purchased the cave and presented it to the Na- 
tional Park Service to be established as a national historic site. 

During the 10-year period the work of the River Basin Surveys 
progressed in a rewarding manner. During that time 23 reservoir 
areas were surveyed and archeological excavations were conducted in 
324 sites. The funds for the program, transferred to the Smithsonian 
from other government agencies and private donors, were greatly 
increased during the last 8 years of the decade, making it possible 
to expand and speed up the salvage operations. Thirty-two papers 
reporting on the investigations and their significance were published 
during the period. Others are currently in press. The information 
thus far obtained has added tremendously to our knowledge of the 
aboriginal Americans. 

The archives of the Bureau, constituting a great national scientific 
research tool, have increased notably in size and diversity of material 
in this decade. Large collections of Indian photographs have been 
made available, and either the original negatives or copies have been 
added to the files. Included are 312 glass negatives of individual and 
group portraits of Indian delegates to Washington during the period 
1874-90. The papers of Alice Cunningham Fletcher and her adopted 
son, Francis La Flesche, both of whom had been members of the Bu- 
reau staff in earlier years, were donated to the archives by Mrs. G. 
David Pearlman of Washington, D.C., in memory of her husband. 
The collection, filling 36 manuscript boxes, includes correspondence 


10 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


and other personal papers of both Miss Fletcher and La Flesche and 
also extensive ethnographic items relating to the Omaha, Osage, Paw- 
nee, Dakota, and Nez Perce Tribes, with smaller amounts on the Win- 
nebago, the Indians of Alaska, and a few other North American tribes. 
Much of this material has not been published and is a fruitful source 
of data for students investigating those groups. Another significant 
addition to the archives consists of papers of Dr. Frans M. Olbrechts 
relating to his studies of the Cherokee Indians of North Carolina in 
1926-81, when he was a collaborator of the Bureau. Dr. Olbrechts 
was associated with the Kominklijh Museum, Tervuren, Belgium, and 
following his death, Mrs. Olbrechts sent all his field notes and other 
pertinent data to the Bureau. 

A noteworthy event in the latter part of the 10-year period was the 
appointment of a librarian and the reopening of the Bureau library, 
with its extensive collection of reference works and documentary 
records concerning all aspects of the life of the American Indian. 

The Bureau issued several important bulletins during the period. 
One of the most noteworthy is “Isleta Paintings,” a book outstanding 
both as a contribution to ethnology and as an excellent example of 
the effective use of good color reproductions for scholarly reasons. 


National Zoological Park, 1953-63 


The National Zoological Park was founded as the result of the ef- 
forts of the third Secretary of the Smithsonian, Dr. Samuel Pierpont 
Langley, about 75 years ago. It was established by an act of Congress 
and assigned to the Smithsonian Institution. Previously a number 
of great American animals, such as bison, were kept in pens near the 
original Smithsonian Building. During the years since its establish- 
ment, the Park has grown to become one of the world’s great animal 
collections, as well as one of the most visited zoological parks in the 
world. In 1961 the Congress of the United States authorized the Fed- 
eral Government to make appropriations to the Smithsonian Institu- 
tion for capital improvements at the National Zoological Park. As 
a result, funds have been provided for a master plan for the moderni- 
zation of the Zoo. This project, planned to be completed in 1972, 
will be carried out gradually so that there will be very little incon- 
venience to visitors or disruption of normal activities. One example 
of the additions made possible by this new program is the construct- 
ing of an aviary, 70 feet high and 120 feet in diameter, now nearing 
completion. 

Gifts of animals have been numerous during this decade. Among 
them were a pair of Barbary apes from Sir Gordon MacMillan of 
MacMillan, Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Gibraltar; three 
fast Indian monitor lizards from Hon. Carlton Skinner, Governor of 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 11 


Guam; a tuatara from the Government of New Zealand; two Philip- 
pine macaques, early pioneers in space from the U.S. Air Force; two 
Korean bears from President Syngman Rhee of Korea; pronghorn 
antelopes from both the Wyoming and the Montana State Fish and 
Game Commissions; a pair of gorillas from Russell Arundel of War- 
renton, Va.; emperor and Adelie penguins from Hon. Charles Thomas, 
Secretary of the Navy; a young Bengal tiger from the Ambassador 
of Pakistan, Syed Amjad Ali; a pair of okapis from the Government 
of the Belgian Congo; an African forest elephant from the Commu- 
nity of French Republics; two dorcas gazelles from President Habib 
Bourguiba of Tunisia; a spotted leopard and a male pygmy hippopot- 
amus from President William V. S. Tubman of Liberia; an Indian 
rhinoceros from the Forestry Service of Assam; two Bengal tigers 
from Ralph Scott of Washington and Miami Beach; the beautiful 
white tigress “Mohini,” from the Metropolitan Broadcasting Corp., 
the first to be seen outside of Rewa, India; “Ambika,” an Indian ele- 
phant, from the “Share Your Birthday Foundation” and the Maha- 
rajah of Mysore; six North African cranes from President Ibrahim 
Abboud of Tunisia; three tree kangaroos from Sir Edward Hallstrom 
of Sydney, Australia; and a sea-lion from Attorney General Robert 
Kennedy. 

The Zoo continued to be fortunate in its breeding program. Among 
the interesting births, the first in importance was that of “Tomoka,” 
a male lowland gorilla, on September 9, 1961. Other noteworthy births 
were those of giraffes, pygmy hippos, gaur, Nile hippopotamus, eland, 
snow leopard, wisent, Cape hunting dogs, striped hyena, margay and 
serval cats, ring-tailed lemur, and lesser pandas. The kookaburras 
have laid eggs and successfully reared the young for the past 2 years, 
and the Surinam toads laid eggs and hatched them in their peculiar 
manner twice during the 10-year period. 

Purchases of unusual interest were a pair of cheetahs; two flat- 
tailed Brazilian otters (the first to be exhibited in the United States) ; 
a pair of black rhinoceroses and a pair of the much rarer white rhinos 
(these also were the first to come to the States) ; two giant armadillos; 
two Pére David deer, the rare fossa from Madagascar; a pair of 
wisent, or European bison; a trio of Saiga antelope; two Sumatran 
orangutans; a pair of snow leopards; a trio of Masai giraffes; three 
Cape buffalo; three brindled gnus; Dall sheep; Pallas’s cats; maned 
wolves; two yaks; a Colombian red-eyed cowbird that had not been 
seen for so many years it was supposed to be extinct; pygmy teal; 
crocodile birds; and two king cobras. Scientific work, necessary to 
the maintenance of the great animal collection at the National Zoolog- 
ical Park and also important in adding knowledge concerning the con- 


12 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


servation of animals, has also been carried on with increasing success 
during this 10-year period at the Zoo. 


Astrophysical Observatory, 1953-63 


During the decade ending in 1963 the Smithsonian Astrophysical 
Observatory experienced greater change and generated more scientific 
data than in any other comparable period since its establishment in 
1890. In the decade the staff has increased to over 300 members. 
Its publications include 180 special scientific reports, plus 7 volumes 
of a new scientific series, Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics. 

At the beginning of the decade the Observatory maintained two 
high-altitude stations for solar observations: the resultant data were 
used to determine the solar constant and to relate it to atmospheric 
phenomena. This important groundbreaking study was discontinued 
in 1962 because the method had reached the limit of usefulness. 

When Loyal B. Aldrich retired as Director in 1955, Dr. Fred L. 
Whipple was appointed his successor, and in fulfillment of an arrange- 
ment with Harvard University the Observatory was moved to Cam- 
bridge, Mass., where it has gained much from close association with 
the large number of scientific research workers in that area. 

The following year the Observatory received, through the Smith- 
sonian Institution in Washington, the first of a series of grants from 
the National Academy of Sciences and the National Science Founda- 
tion for the optical tracking of artificial earth satellites to be launched 
during the International Geophysical Year. At the end of the IGY 
in 1959, the resultant tracking program of the Observatory continued 
under a grant from the National Aeronautics and Space Administra- 
tion. The tracking camera was designed to achieve a position accu- 
racy of 1 second of arc, and a time accuracy of 1 millisecond in photo- 
graphing satellites. In addition, there were organized a Moonwatch 
program of amateur astronomers to make preliminary observations 
of satellites, a computations division to prepare orbital predictions 
and ephemerides, and a communications network to tie together the 
tracking headquarters in Cambridge with the camera stations, the 
volunteer Moonwatch teams, and other Government agencies. 

When Sputnik I was launched on October 4, 1957, the first camera 
had been completed, the Moonwatch teams were ready to begin visual 
observing immediately, and orbital calculations and predictions com- 
menced. In the next 9 months 12 Baker-Nunn cameras were com- 
pleted and shipped to stations established by the Smithsonian Ob- 
servatory in Japan, Australia, South Africa, India, Iran, Spain, 
Peru, Argentina, and the Netherlands West Indies, as well as in 
Florida, New Mexico, and Hawaii. 

By the end of the decade the Moonwatch teams had made more than 
53,000 observations of 191 different satellites and the cameras 81,750 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 13 


observations of 73 satellites. The photoreduction division had deter- 
mined more than 54,000 precise satellite positions reduced to atomic 
time. Meanwhile, the Observatory had evolved a number of com- 
puter programs to process observational data, prepare predictions 
of satellite passages, and provide the means of analyzing atmospheric 
densities and temperatures, solar radiation, the shape of the earth and 
similar phenomena. 

The research and analysis division of the Smithsonian unit has pro- 
duced some of the major scientific results of the U.S. space program, 
including determinations of the coefficients of spherical harmonics for 
the earth’s gravitational potential, improved geodetic data, a theory 
of the critical inclination of satellite motion, and, from extremely 
accurate studies of atmospheric drag, determination of density and 
temperature in the high atmosphere as a function of time of day, and 
geographical position and solar activity. 

The space science of the Observatory has extended beyond satellite 
tracking. Project Celescope, as a part of NASA’s orbiting astronomi- 
cal observatory, is now being developed to make an ultraviolet survey 
of the entire celestial sphere. An experiment on board one of NASA’s 
orbiting solar observatories to study solar phenomena is being readied. 

A network of automatic camera stations will make simultaneous 
observations of meteors over an area of a million square kilometers. 
This advanced program will provide the basis for a scientific project 
of collecting meteorites and give vital new data for detailed study of 
hypervelocity entry, meteoritic physics, and the upper atmosphere. 

At the Observatory the first measurements were made of the radio- 
active isotopes, argon of atomic mass 37 and 39, produced by cosmic 
rays on meteorities in space. These measurements contributed to the 
determination of erosion rates of meteoritic materials of various kinds 
in space. Radiochemical analyses of recovered satellite materials first 
proved that solar flares introduce tritium into such material in space 
as well as producing transmutations of elements. The Observatory 
participated in a program showing that optical flare stars are also 
variable in the radio region of the spectrum. 

Other research at the Smithsonian Observatory in the decade 
included analyses of sophisticated problems in celestial mechanics; pre- 
cision linking of the several geodetic networks of the earth; experi- 
ments involving the origins of life and the possibilities of the extra- 
terrestrial organisms; studies of comets, meteors, and interplanetary 
dust; new methods, theories, and conclusions relating to stellar at- 
mospheres and stellar pulsation; and other astrophysical problems. 

The Division of Radiation and Organisms is a special unit of the 
Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. Research in this unit during 
the past 10 years has been directed principally toward solving prob- 


14 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


lems in radiation biology, with specific emphasis on elaborating the 
intracellular mechanisms involved in regulatory responses of biolog- 
ical systems controlled by ionizing or nonionizing radiation. 

Emphasis has been centered on the precise determination of the 
initial processes involved in a number of diverse light-regulated re- 
sponses. In this division were determined the most precise and de- 
tailed action spectra that have been reported for photomorphogenic 
responses, such as bean hypocotyl hook opening, photoreversal of this 
response, seed germination, interaction of visible light with X-ray- 
induced chromosome aberrations, and the phototropic response of 
oat seedlings in the blue and near-ultraviolet spectral regions. From 
such action spectra, a great deal of significant information has been 
obtained about the primary photoreceptors responsible for the absorp- 
tion and transfer of radiant energy in biological systems. 

Kinetic studies have been carried out determining the time course 
of sensitivity, temperature-dependence of secondary dark reactions, 
the interaction of photomimetric substances, auxins and antiauxins, 
with the light-sensitive mechanisms. Descriptions have been educed 
for some of the physical factors in plant reactions, including optical 
and mechanical properties of cells. The morphological development 
of chloroplasts after irradiation has been examined and measured, 
using cytochemical techniques. 

Investigations have been focused on the intracellular biochemical 
mechanisms regulated or altered by radiation. These efforts have 
resulted in a number of published articles on chlorophyll synthesis, the 
effects of ionizing radiation on chlorophyll synthesis, and the activity 
and concentrations of various subcellular components isolated after 
irradiation, such as high energy phosphate compounds, mitochondrial 
activity, protein synthesis in the photosynthetic apparatus, pigment 
synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and various other enzymatic 
activities. 

During the past several years, the division staff and facilities have 
expanded in order to approach radiobiological problems with a wider 
range of disciplines employing the most advanced techniques of bio- 
chemistry, biophysics, cytology, and plant physiology. A tempera- 
ture-regulated greenhouse with controlled environment rooms has 
been constructed with funds provided by a nonpublic foundation, the 
Research Corporation. The growth of plants under natural and 
artificial light conditions has been measured with great accuracy. 
Concurrently, the construction and acquisition of specialized auto- 
matic equipment for measuring the spectral distribution of total sky 
light at frequent intervals have been completed, and long-term correla- 
tions of daily and seasonal fluctuations with observed plant responses 
are being made. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 15 


A carbon-dating laboratory has been operating in this unit of the 
Smithsonian for about a year, dating samples of archeological interest 
and initiating a research program aimed at developing new dating 
technics for geological samples. 

Two years ago a section was incorporated for research in marine 
biology. This work in pure science has been financed by special gifts 
from a non-Federal source, the Bredin Foundation. Marine orga- 
nisms are well suited to fundamental investigation of radiation re- 
sponses. Studies have been initiated to identify high molecular 
weight phosphate compounds and determine the metabolic role of 
these compounds in the conversion of radiant energy to chemical 
energy. 

Electronic and instrument shop facilities are maintained for the 
design, construction, and service of the complex and highly specialized 
instrumentation necessary to research program of the sort mentioned 
above. 

The division has published widely and it is safe to say has achieved 
a favorable international reputation in radiation biology in the areas 
of techniques for the generation, control, and measurements of radia- 
tion; kinetics and biochemistry of photoresponses; action spectra; 
and solar radiation measurements. Several foreign scientists have 
come to the division to study its methods for 1- or 2-year periods, 
and work has been done in collaboration with other laboratories 
utilizing our specialized facilities. 


National Collection of Fine Arts, 1953-63 


The original act establishing the Smithsonian Institution directed 
that it maintain a gallery of art. The National Collection of Fine 
Arts, as a bureau of the Smithsonian, is the oldest gallery of art 
directly related to the U.S. Government. 

In the decade under consideration many notable paintings, largely 
by distinquished American artists, have been added to the national 
collections under the care of the National Collection of Fine Arts, 
and restoration of anmy works of art in the collection of this bureau 
has been carried on. 

In the first year of the present decade the exhibits of the National 
Collection of Fine Arts were reorganized and a main hall was opened 
in the Natural History Building. During the years that have fol- 
lowed, many temporary exhibits of importance have been shown in 
the foyer gallery in the Natural History Building, and under the 
direction of the Traveling Exhibition Service of the National Collec- 
tion of Fine Arts, 375 shows, mainly in the field of the fine arts, have 


16 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


been organized and circulated in over 500 different museums through- 
out America, as well as in museums in many foreign countries. Al- 
most 4,500 showings have been made possible in this period by this 
service. 

The greatest event in the decade 1953-63 was the act passed by 
Congress in 1958 authorizing the transfer to the Smithsonian Institu- 
tion of the historic and beautiful old Patent Office Building for con- 
version to art galleries. Plans are well underway for the establish- 
ment in this building of public galleries, study rooms, and restoration 
laboratories that will allow the National Collection of Fine Arts to 
display its great collections of American and other paintings in a 
manner that could never have been achieved in its present borrowed 
and incongruous space in the Natural History Building of the Smith- 
sonian Institution. 


Freer Gallery of Art, 1953-63 


The period 1953-63 is the fourth decade in the history of the Freer 
Gallery of Art. This unit of the Smithsonian Institution was es- 
tablished by the late Charles Lang Freer as a gallery for the display 
of great collections of art and as a center for the study especially of 
the art of the Far Kast and the Middle East. 

The annual attendance of the Gallery during the decade has grown 
from approximately 70,000 to 183,000 per year. The collections have 
also developed in notable ways. Additions to the collections, as pro- 
vided in Mr. Freer’s will and purchased with the income from his be- 
quest, have included over 450 major objects of art. The most signifi- 
cant of these additions have been in the fields of Ming porcelains and in 
Japanese painting. Mrs. Eugene Meyer, the one survivor of the three 
persons permitted by Mr. Freer’s will to make gifts to the collection, 
generously has given in this period three Chinese bronzes and one 
Chinese painting. Members of the professional staff of the Freer 
during the decade have published research on the collections in 16 
books and over 100 articles. 

The Freer Gallery has continued during this decade its world- 
famous studies of the scientific composition of metallic, ceramic, and 
other objects of art, and the development of new preservation tech- 
niques. The Gallery during these years has been the base for the 
publication, under the auspices of the International Institute for 
Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works, of the /.7.C. Abstracts 
(commonly called the Freer Abstracts). The current number of this 
journal shows that almost 4,000 abstracts of published works on 
conservation have so far been made available to the whole museum 
world through this medium. 


SECRETARY'S REPORT 17 


National Gallery of Art, 1953-63 


The National Gallery of Art resulted from Andrew W. Mellon’s 
munificent gift to the American people of his great collection of art 
and a splendid building in which to house it. 

Although a bureau of the Smithsonian Institution, the Gallery is 
largely under the direction of a separate Board of Trustees of which 
the Secretary of the Smithsonian is an ex officio member. 

Tn the decade under consideration, 4,220 works of art were acquired 
by the Gallery, including outstanding gifts from the Samuel H. Kress 
Foundation, Horace Havemeyer, William Nelson Cromwell, Syma 
Busiel, the Fuller Foundation, Inc., Mrs. Mellon Bruce, Mrs. P. H. B. 
Frelinghuysen, and many others. 

During the period 45 temporary loan exhibitions were held and 
the annual series of lectures (A. W. Mellon Lectures in the Fine Arts) 
was delivered. These lectures are in the process of being published 
in a notable series. Many articles and books by staff members have 
also been published during this time. 

The annual number of visitors to the National Gallery of Art has 
more than doubled in the past 10 years, with an attendance of 1,793,500 
in fiscal year 1963 compared with 887,213 in fiscal year 1954. 

Funds appropriated by Congress for maintenance of the Gallery 
have increased from $1,274,473 in fiscal year 1954 to $2,100,769 for 
fiscal year 1964. 


National Air Museum, 1953-63 


This bureau of the Smithsonian Institution has made significant 
progress during the decade 1953-63. 

One measure of this progress is the increase in public interest in the 
small exhibit (less than 5 percent of its collection) which the Air 
Museum now has on display. For example, its old Aircraft Building, 
now called the Air and Space Building (a small metal building erected 
in 1917 as a test center for Liberty motors), had a visitor count of 
237,446 in fiscal year 1953. In fiscal year 1963 the count was 2,673,618. 

The greatest need of the National Air Museum has been for a suit- 
able building in which to display its great collection of the history of 
manmade flight. Progress has been made toward achieving this 
objective. In 1958 the Congress authorized the preparation of plans 
and specifications for a new National Air Museum Building and 
designated a beautiful Mall site for it. In 1963 planning funds were 
appropriated by the Congress and planning will now begin. 

Very important progress has been made during the decade in the 
techniques of storage, preservation, and restoration. In 1953 most 
of the collection of historic aircraft, engines, and other aeronautical 
materials were stored in an Air Force hangar at Park Ridge, III. 


18 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


Space requirements of the Air Force made it necessary to move the 
collection. An area at Silver Hill, Md., close to Washington, was 
acquired by transfer, and temporary storage buildings were erected. 
The transfer of storage was completed in 1956. 

One of the buildings at Silver Hill was constituted as a restoration 
and preservation facility. With the congressional authorization of 
the new National Air Museum Building in 1958, this work was 
accelerated, and creditable shop facilities have been established, to- 
gether with the completion of connecting roadways between storage 
buildings and shop. By the end of the decade under consideration, 
this facility was engaged in the restoration and preservation of 
historic aircraft and engines in anticipation of the increased display 
requirements of the new Air Museum Building. 

The decade marked a very large increase in the collection of the 
Museum. A total of 3,424 historic specimens were added, including 
many full-size aircraft and, during the recent years, spacecraft. 
Notable among these accessions were: a Douglas DC airplane, No. 164; 
the “Excalibur” airplane which made the first nonstop solo flight over 
the North Pole; a Boeing 247-D airplane; a 1929 Link Trainer; a 
Pitcairn Autogyro of 1929; the “Ole Miss” Curtiss airplane; a “Van- 
guard” launch vehicle; a Verville-Sperry “Messenger” airplane of 
1920; a bronze statue of Brig. Gen. William Mitchell; the “First 
Recovered Nose Cone” from space; a “Jupiter C” launch vehicle; a 
collection of original records and memorabilia of Dr. Robert H. 
Goddard, given by Mrs. Robert H. Goddard; an original holograph 
manuscript of “Soaring Flight” by John J. Montgomery; a Ryan 
X-13 “Vertijet” airplane; the Lockheed “Sirius” airplane flown by 
Charles A. and Anne Morrow Lindbergh; an “Atlas” launch vehicle; 
the “Able-Baker” spacecraft; a McDonnell FH-1 “Phantom” carrier- 
based aircraft; the first “space” camera; the “Que Sera Sera,” first 
airplane to land at the South Pole; “Freedom 7,” America’s first 
manned spacecraft; the “Sacred Cow,” a Douglas C-—54, the first Presi- 
dential airplane; an early Bellanca airplane; an original oil portrait 
of Gen. Claire Chennault and a number of his medals; a “Polaris” 
rocket; “Friendship 7,” America’s first manned orbital spacecraft; 
gear worn and used by Astronaut John Glenn on his historic flight in 
“Friendship 7”; and an original painting of Astronaut Alan B. 
Shepard, Jr., by artist James Scalese from the Honorable James G. 
Fulton. 

One of the most important areas of progress during the past 10 
years has been the increase in the study library and reference files. 
This collection now numbers more than 12,000 books, more than 300 file 
cabinets of reference material, and approximately 100,000 photographs. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 19 


The research work of the Museum has increased along with the 
increase in public interest in its exhibits. Most of the time of the 
professional staff is taken up with historical, technical, and biograph- 
ical research to provide a service to authors, publishers, historians, 
engineers, teachers, and students seeking authentic information. 

In addition, a considerable increase in historical and technical re- 
search is required in connection with the accelerated restoration pro- 
gram of aircraft and engines. 

For the National Air Museum the decade has been a transition 
period. It has changed from a collecting and storing agency to a 
full museum operation that is commensurate with its world-renowned 
collection and its responsibilities to the public. It has developed new 
displays, research, studies, preservation and restoration techniques, 
and publications in a field of great American patriotic and historical 
interest—manmade flight. 


National Portrait Gallery, 1961-63 

In 1961 Congress provided for the establishment of the National 
Portrait Gallery. This gallery will be housed, together with the 
National Collection of Fine Arts, in the old Patent Office Building 
which, as noted above, has been transferred to the Smithsonian 
Institution. 

The Congress in 1962 provided for the establishment of a National 
Portrait Gallery Commission to advise the Smithsonian Institution in 
organizing and developing this new and important unit. 


National Cultural Center, 1958-63 

The National Cultural Center was established by an act of Con- 
gress in 1958, and the new unit was designated as a bureau of the 
Smithsonian Institution. Like the National Gallery of Art, the Na- 
tional Cultural Center is largely administered by its own special 
Board of Trustees. 

Since the establishment of the bureau the principal function has 
been connected with raising the funds to erect a suitable building in 
the Nation’s Capital to provide halls for the presentation of opera, 
symphonic concerts, dramatic performances, ballet, and other fields 
of the performing arts. 


Financial Resources, 1953-63 

During the decade many generous gifts of funds have come to the 
Smithsonian from private individuals and from foundations. Most 
of these gifts are for very specific purposes. The most notable of 
these private benefactions is the receipt of a legacy which, when finally 
settled, will be in excess of $114 million from the late Robert Lee 
Forrest. Another important benefaction came from the estate of 


20 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


Atherton Seidell. Laura D. Barney has also been most generous to 
the Institution during this period, and she and her sister, Natalie C. 
Barney, gave the Smithsonian the Barney Studio House in 
Washington. 

At the beginning of this period (June 380, 1952) the book value of 
the unexpended funds and endowments of the Smithsonian was 
$11,138,392. As indicated in the financial statement on a later page 
of this report, this sum has now reached a total of $22,534,920. The 
market value of the securities and assets of the endowment funds of 
the Smithsonian at the end of the period is in excess of $25,000,000. 
The income from the many funds that make up this total is expended 
according to the directions of the donors of the funds. 

During the decade Federal funds for building and for planning 
buildings have been provided to the Smithsonian to a total of 
$61,012,000. At the beginning of the period the annual appropriation 
for the basic expenses of the operation of all the bureaus of the Smith- 
sonian Institution (except the National Gallery of Art and the Na- 
tional Zoological Park, which have separate budgets) was $2,553,200. 
The appropriation for these same parts of the Institution for the fiscal 
year 1964 is $13,124,000. At the start of the decade the annual op- 
erating appropriation for the National Zoological Park was $620,800. 
The appropriation for this part of the Institution for fiscal year 1963 
was $1,470,200. Capital appropriations for the National Zoological 
Park in this period, in addition to operating funds, have been $2,550,- 
000. The budget of the National Gallery of Art, which is admin- 
istered separately from the Smithsonian Institution as a whole, was 
$1,240,000 at the start of the decade, and the appropriation for 1964 
for this unit was $2,138,000. Gifts and grants for research projects 
and other specific purposes, exclusive of appropriated funds and all 
for the particular purposes specified by donors or grantors, have totaled 
$32,489,471 in the decade under consideration. 

It can be said with assurance, as the progress of the decade 1953- 
63 is reviewed, that the Smithsonian’s donor, James Smithson, planned 
well when he directed that his Institution should concern itself with 
the great and related humanitarian functions of the increase and the 
diffusion of knowledge among men. 


THE ESTABLISHMENT 


The Smithsonian Institution was created by act of Congress in 
1846, in accordance with the terms of the will of James Smithson, of 
England, who in 1826 bequeathed his property to the United States 
of America “to found at Washington, under the name of the Smith- 
sonian Institution, an establishment for the increase and diffusion of 
knowledge among men.” In receiving the property and accepting the 


SECRETARY'S REPORT PAI 


trust, Congress determined that the Federal Government was without 
authority to administer the trust directly, and, therefore, constituted 
- an “establishment,” whose statutory members are “the President, the 
Vice President, the Chief Justice, and the heads of the executive 
departments.” 

THE BOARD OF REGENTS 

The appointment to the vacancy in the class of citizen regent was 
effected by the approval on July 2, 1968, of a joint resolution of Con- 
gress designating Dr. William A. M. Burden of New York to succeed 
the late Dr. Arthur H. Compton as a Regent for the statutory term of 
6 years. 

The roll of Regents at the close of the fiscal year was as follows: 
Chief Justice of the United States Earl Warren, Chancellor; Vice 
President Lyndon B. Johnson; members from the Senate: Clinton 
P. Anderson, J. William Fulbright, Leverett Saltonstall; members 
from the House of Representatives: Frank T. Bow, Clarence Cannon, 
Michael J. Kirwan; citizen members: John Nicholas Brown, William 
A. M. Burden, Robert V. Fleming, Crawford H. Greenewalt, Caryl 
P. Haskins, and Jerome C. Hunsaker. 

The customary informal dinner meeting, preceding the annual meet- 
ing, was held in the Great Hall of the Smithsonian Building on 
January 23, 1963. Exhibits showing some of the recent work of the 
Smithsonian bureaus were in place in the hall at the time of the dinner 
to apprise the Regents of current Smithsonian research developments. 
Dr. Richard 8. Cowan spoke on “Research for a Tropical American 
Rain-Forest Exhibit”; Dr. Robert P. Multhauf on “History of the 
Measurement of Gravity in the 19th Century”; Dr. John A. Pope on 
“The Freer Gallery of Art Research Project on Ancient Chinese 
Ceremonial Bronzes”; and Dr. Fred L. Whipple on “Scientific Study 
of Recovered Parts of Russian Sputnik IV.” 

The annual meeting was held on January 24, 1963. The Secretary 
presented his published annual report on the activities of the Institu- 
tion. The Chairman of the Executive and Permanent Committees 
of the Board, Dr. Robert V. Fleming, gave the financial report for the 
fiscal year ended June 30, 1962. 

The spring meeting of the Board of Regents was held at 5 o’clock 
in the Regents Room. A financial report was presented by the chair- 
man of the Executive Committee. The Regents then adjourned to 
the hall of fossil mammals for an informal dinner. 


RETIREMENT OF DR. KELLOGG 


On October 31, 1962, Dr. A. Remington Kellogg, Assistant Secre- 
tary of the Smithsonian Institution and Director of the United States 
National Museum, retired and assumed the status of honorary re- 


707—317—63——_3 


Zap ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


search associate of the Smithsonian. During Dr. Kellogg’s service 
as Director, beginning in 1948, the National Museum experienced a re- 
markable growth. The collections grew from 25 million specimens 
in 1948 to 56 million in 1962. A renovation of exhibits programs re- 
vitalized more than 20 exhibition halls in the National Museum. A 
wing was added to the Natural History Museum, and a new Museum 
of History and Technology was built. Dr. Kellogg directed the 
programs that resulted in these achievements and participated 
strongly in their execution. 

Prior to becoming Director of the National Museum, Dr. Kelloge 
had served in the division of mammals, beginning in 1928 as assistant 
curator and becoming curator of the division in 1941. His main sci- 
entific interest has been, and continues to be, the biology of whales, in 
which field he is one of the world’s foremost authorities. His re- 
search on the paleontology of whales has been widely acclaimed. It is 
altogether fitting, therefore, that he should now be conducting his 
scientific investigations in a workroom on the vertebrate paleontology 
floor of the museum wing which he helped to create. He is con- 
tinuing to publish his excellent scientific reports. 

On November 1, 1962, following Dr. Kellogg’s retirement, Dr. 
Albert C. Smith, who had been Director of the Museum of Natural 
History since 1958, became an Assistant Secretary of the Institution. 


NATIONAL PORTRAIT GALLERY 


On April 27, 1962, Public Law 87-448 established the National Por- 
trait Gallery as a bureau of the Smithsonian Institution to “function 
as a free public museum for the exhibition and study of portraiture 
and statuary depicting men and women who have made significant 
contributions to the history, development, and culture of the people 
of the United States and of the artists who created such portraiture 
and statuary.” 

This act of Congress also authorized the establishment of a National 
Portrait Gallery Commission, to serve as an advisory body to the 
Board of Regents in regard to programs, methods of operation, and 
selections of appropriate displays for the new Gallery. ‘The members 
of the Commission, as announced on June 21, 1963, by the Chancellor 
of the Board of Regents, the Honorable Earl Warren, are as follows: 
Catherine Drinker Bowen, author and historian, of Bryn Mawr, Pa. 

Julian P. Boyd, author and historian, of Princeton, N.J. 
John Nicholas Brown, Regent of the Smithsonian Institution, of Providence, R.I. 
Lewis Deschler, Parliamentarian of the House of Representatives of the United 

States Congress, of Bethesda, Md. 

David E. Finley, former Director of the National Gallery of Art, of Washington, 


D.C. 
Wilmarth Sheldon Lewis, historian and biographer, of Farmington, Conn. 


SECRETARY'S REPORT 23 


Richard H. Shryock, author and historian, of Philadelphia, Pa. 
Col. Frederick P. Todd, Director of the U.S. Military Academy Museum, of West 
Point, N.Y. 
He officio: 
The Chief Justice of the United States. 
The Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. 
The Director of the National Gallery of Art. 


NATIONAL ARMED FORCES MUSEUM ADVISORY BOARD 


Public Law 87-186 (August 30, 1961) established a National Armed 
Forces Museum Advisory Board in the Smithsonian Institution to 
provide advice and assistance to the Smithsonian Board of Regents 
on matters concerning the portrayal of the contributions which the 
Armed Forces of the United States have made to American society 
and culture, the investigation and survey of lands and buildings in 
and near the District of Columbia suitable for the display of military 
collections, and the preparation of recommendations to the Congress 
with respect to the acquisition of lands and buildings for such 
purposes. 

This law additionally provides that the Smithsonian Institution 
shall (1) commemorate and display the contributions made by the 
military forces of the Nation toward creating, developing, and main- 
taining a free, peaceful, and independent society and culture in this 
country; (2) portray the valor and sacrificial service of the men and 
women of the Armed Forces as an inspiration to the present and future 
generations of America; (3) demonstrate the demands placed upon 
the full energies of our people, the hardships endured, and the sacrifice 
demanded in our constant search for world peace; (4) graphically 
describe the extensive peacetime contributions the Armed Forces have 
made to the advance of human knowledge in science, nuclear energy, 
polar and space exploration, electronics, engineering, aeronautics, and 
medicine; (5) interpret through dramatic display significant current 
problems affecting the Nation’s security; and (6) provide a study cen- 
ter for scholarly research into the meaning of war, its effects on 
civilization, and the role of the Armed Forces in maintaining a just 
and lasting peace by providing a powerful deterrent to war. 

Members of the National Armed Forces Museum Advisory Board 
will serve 6 years, except for the initial Board which was appointed by 
the President in April 1962 to serve for terms of 2, 4, and 6 years: 
John Nicholas Brown, Regent of the Smithsonian Institution 
Rufus EH. Clement, President of Atlanta University 
Fred Korth, Secretary of the Navy 
David L. Kreeger, Vice President of Government Employees Insurance Co. 


Cyrus B. Vance, Secretary of the Army 
Harl Warren, Chief Justice of the United States 


2 


24 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


Henry B. Washburn, Jr., Director of the Boston Museum of Science 
William W. Whiteman, Jr., lawyer and financier, Oklahoma City 
Eugene M. Zuckert, Secretary of the Air Force 

The Advisory Board has held two meetings, during which it selected 
a chairman, John Nicholas Brown, adopted bylaws for its operation, 
considered the scope and extent of the Board’s functions, and proposed 
areas of study. A number of potential Museum sites in the Greater 
Washington area have been considered, and several have been examined 
by the Advisory Board. 

FINANCES 

A statement on finances, dealing particularly with Smithsonian pri- 
vate funds, will be found in the report of the executive committee of 
the Board of Regents, page 253. Funds appropriated to the Institu- 
tion for its regular operations for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1963, 
totaled $11,060,550. Besides this direct appropriation, the Institu- 
tion received funds by transfer from other Government agencies as 
follows: From the District of Columbia for the National Zcological 
Park, $1,504,997; from the National Park Service, Department of the 
Interior, for the River Basin Surveys, $271,000. 


VISITORS 


Visitors to the Smithsonian buildings on the Mall again surpassed 
all records with a total of 10,309,836, which was 1,386,705 more than 
for the previous year. April 1963, with 1,720,716, was the month of 
largest attendance; August 1962 second, with 1,616,860; July 1962 
third, with 1,612,452. Table 1 gives a summary of the attendance 
records for the five buildings; table 2, groups of schoolchildren. <A 
new method adopted for estimating the number of visitors at the Na- 
tional Zoological Park showed a total of 3,200,000 for the year. When 
this figure is added to the attendance in the Institution’s buildings on 
the Mall, and to the 1,793,500 recorded at the National Gallery of Art, 
the total Smithsonian attendance for 1962 may be set at 15,303,336. 


REPLACEMENT OF SMITHSON PLAQUE 


In 1896 the Smithsonian Board of Regents caused to be erected a 
handsome marble memorial to James Smithson in the English Church 
of the Holy Ghost in Genoa, Italy, where he died on June 26, 1829. 
During World War II the church was gutted by fire following Allied 
bombardments and stripped of all fittings by looters. Following the 
war the church was restored, but all trace of the Smithson cenotaph 
had disappeared. 

It seemed appropriate and desirable that this memorial to the 
founder of the Smithsonian Institution be replaced, and in 1960 the 
Board of Regents so authorized. The new plaque, sculptured by Raf- 


PLATE 1 


Cateag aer™ 


Secretary's Report, 1963 


renesqernenss 


y 
oon sence Sia 


ERECTED BY THE REGENTS : 
OF THE INSTITVTION 1896 


Smithson plaque as restored in English Church of the Holy Ghost, Genoa, Italy, 1963 


at 


SECRETARY'S REPORT 25 


faello Romanelli, of Florence, is a facsimile of a replica of the original 
which is erected adjacent to the Smithson tomb in the Smithsonian 
Building in Washington. In May 1963 the Institution was notified 
by the American Consul General at Genoa that installation of the new 
memorial had been completed (pl. 1). 

Thanks are due particularly to the following individuals for their 
interest and cooperation in helping to initiate or complete this project: 
John LePelley, of Paris, assistant vice president of the First National 
City Bank of New York; David Balfour, former British Consul Gen- 
eral at Genoa; S. A. H. Eley, Lord Bishop of Gibraltar; F. J. Bailey, 
the Archbishop of Malta; Stephen P. Dorsey, American Consul Gen- 
eral at Genoa ; and to sculptor Romanelli for his faithful creation. 


TABLE 1.—Visitors to certain Smithsonian buildings during the year ended June 30, 


1963 
Smithsonian] Arts and Natural Air and Freer 
Year and month Building Industries History Space Building Total 


Building Building Building 


1962 
Jlhy22e 258, 510! 555, 775} 267,106} 502, 686] 28, 375) 1, 612, 452 
ATOMS se = 264, 448} 595, 337) 282,016} 443, 142) 31, 417] 1, 616, 360 
September ___-_- 79, 136) 200, 639) 119, 261]; 116, 104) 14, 267 529, 407 
Octoberse2 22s. 64,169} 159, 731} 120,189} 101, 711] 11, 169 456, 969 
November _-_-___ 55, 186} 159,100) 121, 763 92, 541) 10, 846 439, 386 
December-_-___-_- 34, 400 73, 199 70, 306 45, 726) 5, 940 229, 571 

1963 
Vanulanyeeys = 22 - 39, 430 96,555} 114, 159 64, 642| 6,558 321, 344 
February ____-_- 51, 528} 114,532) 106, 570 75, 033} 7, 098 354, 761 
Niarchismaae 2 20 2 76, 916) 165, 820} 154, 488} 120, 853} 10, 901 528, 978 
ANS OVE oe em 298, 248} 692, 693} 337, 878] 370, 947] 20, 950} 1, 720, 716 
TALE os 2 ee a 210, 378} 352, 299} 283,510) 325, 157] 15, 574) 1, 186, 918 
IRUWaS 28 ae oa 197,981) 368, 502} 311,151) 415, 076] 20, 264) 1, 312, 974 

Total_____ 1, 630, 280/38, 534, 182/2, 288, 397/2, 673, 618/183, 359/10, 309, 836 


26 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


TABLE 2.—Groups of schoolchildren visiting the Smithsonian Institution during 
the year ended June 30, 1963 


Year and month Number of Number of Year and month Number of | Number of 
children groups children groups 
1962 1968 
Sulyeees ween 12, 810 SAS al ei uly a wenn cae 23, 808 629 
AUISUISt yey yeep 6, 991 208 || August___---_-- 17, 124 493 
September-_-_--_- 4, 797 146 || September------ 41, 888 1, 046 
October22 22-22" 25, 970 698 || October_____--- CO 1, 726 
November______ 32, 495 818 || November_-_-__-_-_ 165, 384 3, 428 
December: = #2 == 12, 946 368 || December- -- --- 53, 065 1,174 


Total____| 475,048 | 11, 082 


Report on the United States 
National Museum 


Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the condition 
and operations of the U.S. National Museum for the fiscal year ended 


June 30, 1968 : 
COLLECTIONS 


During the year 1,723,830 specimens were added to the national 
collections and distributed among the 8 departments as follows: An- 
thropology, 11,993; zoology, 1,361,586; botany, 69,642; geology, 80,- 
414; science and technology, 2, 588; arts and manufactures, 2,910; civil 
history, 191,753; and Armed Forces history, 2,944. ‘The largest di- 
visional acquisition was in the division of insects, which accessioned 
a total of 1,209,339 specimens. Most of this year’s accessions were 
acquired as gifts from individuals or as transfers from Government 
departments and agencies. The complete report on the Museum, pub- 
lished as a separate document, includes a detailed list of the year’s 
acquisitions, of which the more important are summarized below. 
Catalog entries in all departments now total 57,541,770. 

Anthropology—tThe division of archeology received as its largest 
accession a lot of 8,431 specimens from Alaska collected for the Mu- 
seum by Dr. James A. Ford. His published monograph, “Eskimo 
Prehistory in the Vicinity of Point Barrow,” made it possible to ac- 
cession the specimens according to the published types and illustra- 
tions. James P. Mandaville, Jr., donated a well-documented 
collection of 185 specimens from northern Arabia, including potsherds, 
terra-cotta figurine fragments, and an inscribed copper hoe blade. 
Three important collections of Iranian artifacts were presented by 
Mr. and Mrs. Anthony Cuomo, Mr. and Mrs. Daniel F. Magner, and 
C. Edward Wells. Represented among the 160 specimens are pottery, 
bronze weapons, inscribed mud bricks, and glazed architectural 
fragments, ranging in dates from 2000 B.C. to the third century A.D. 
A group of five Korean bronze weapons of the Han Dynasty was 
donated by Gen. George H. Decker. <A rare anthropomorphic pottery 
figure from the Bahia culture of the Esmeraldas region was acquired 
from Mrs. Erika Burt. 

The division of ethnology received a collection of 25 items of tradi- 
tional court costume from Indonesia, presented by His Highness Sri 


27 


28 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


Paku Alam VIII, through the American Embassy in Djakarta. The 
Government of Vietnam, through its embassy in Washington, D.C., 
presented 67 specimens comprising a carved wooden chest, bronze 
vessels, and textiles. For use in the preparation of new exhibits, 103 
ornaments, household items, and weapons of the people of Burundi 
were obtained from David W. Doyle, American Vice Consul at 
Usumbura, Burundi. Also for exhibition, a Chinese collection of 
365 specimens was acquired from Taiwan with the assistance of the 
National Historical Museum and the Provincial Museum, under the 
direction of the Ministry of Education and Academia Sinica. 

The division of physical anthropology received, from the U.S. Army 
Research Institute of Enviromental Medicine, a collection of 50,000 
somatotype negatives. These were made during the U.S. Army sur- 
vey of male body build in 1945-46 under the direction of K. A. Hooton 
and form the basis for the Harvard system of rating body build. 
Largest of its kind, the collection will be available for study by quali- 
fied professionals. Received for study and exhibit purposes is a new 
set of casts of the original Neanderthal skeleton, gift of the Rheinisches 
Landesmuseum, Bonn, Germany, and excellent casts of Oreopithecus 
from central Italy, received from the Natural History Museum in 
Basle, Switzerland. Other accessions include human skeletal ma- 
terials from Mexico, Alaska, and various parts of the United States. 

Zoology.—Staff members and cooperating agencies contributed ap- 
proximately 9,200 specimens to the division of mammals, most of these 
being collected by Dr. Charles O. Handley, Jr., and Francis M. Green- 
well in Panama. Others were collected by Naval Medical Research 
Unit No. 2, in Formosa; by Dr. Dale Osborn in Turkey; by Gary L. 
Ranch in Libya and Iran; by the department of microbiology of the 
University of Maryland, in West Pakistan and Mexico; and by Ken- 
neth I. Lange and James H. Shaw in the Malagasy Republic. Dr. 
Henry W. Setzer of the Museum staff participated in the last three 
projects. Other valuable collections were made as follows: by Miss 
Alena Elbl of the University of Maryland, in Ruanda Urundi; by 
Dr. L. G. Clark of the University of Pennsylvania, in Nicaragua, and 
by William J. Schaldach, Jr., in southern Mexico. Important speci- 
mens obtained for the exhibition series include a large male walrus, 
collected by Hugh H. Logan, and two paratypes of the bat Philippin- 
opterus lanez, presented by Dr. Edward H. Taylor. 

To the collections of the division of birds, 2,259 bird skins, 1,011 
anatomical specimens, and 1 egg from Panama and 198 skeletons from 
Kenya were received through Dr. Alexander Wetmore; 642 skins, 128 
skeletons, and 9 alcoholic specimens from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife 
Service; 198 skins from Formosa transferred from the U.S. Depart- 
ment of the Navy, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 2, through 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 29 


Dr. Robert E. Kuntz; and a collection of wooden game-bird calls, 
together with tape recordings demonstrating their use, from Dr. 
Augusto Ruschi, director, Museu de Biologia Prof. Mello Leitao, 
Brazil. 

In the division of reptiles and amphibians, several additions to the 
collections are noteworthy: a gift of 825 Colombian frogs, including 
types and paratypes, from Brother Hermano Nicéforo Maria, Bogota, 
Colombia; a gift of 162 reptiles and amphibians collected in Mexico 
and Central America from Elkan J. Morris, Fairbanks, Alaska; 71 
reptiles and amphibians obtained for the Museum in South America 
and Panama by Dr. Charles O. Handley, Jr., and Francis M. Green- 
well; 70 amphibians acquired for the Museum from South America 
and Panama by Mrs. Doris H. Blake and Dr. Doris M. Cochran; an 
exchange of 27 Colombian frogs with the Chicago Natural History 
Museum; and an exchange of 21 Brazilian frogs with Werner C. A. 
Bokermann, Sao Paulo, Brazil. 

Exchanges of specimens netted the division of fishes the major por- 
tion of the current year’s new accessions. Received on exchange was 
the holotype of a new Dascylus from D. Wolfgang Klausewitz, Frank- 
furt, Germany. Horace Loftin and Dr. R. W. Yerger sent, on ex- 
change, 10,000 fresh-water fishes from the Canal Zone, Panama, col- 
lected by Mr. Loftin. Other contributors of holotypes include Drs. 
Giles W. Mead and Henry B. Bigelow, Museum of Comparative 
Zoology, Harvard University; Dr. George S. Myers, Stanford Uni- 
versity; and Loren P. Woods, Chicago Natural History Museum. 
Among the contributors of paratypes were Dr. C. Richard Robins, 
University of Miami, Marine Laboratory ; Dr. Norman J. Wilimovsky, 
University of British Columbia; Dr. Jacques R. Géry, Laboratoire 
Arage, France; and Dr. José Alvarez del Villar, Instituto Politécnico 
Nacional, Mexico. 

The division of mollusks added a total of 23,967 specimens to its 
collections. Dr. Joseph Rosewater of the Museum staff collected 1,194 
marine and land mollusks on Eniwetok Atoll. Mr. and Mrs. Delmas 
H. Nucker donated 699 specimens of marine mollusks from the Caro- 
line Islands, and Dr. Tadashige Habe added 120 specimens, of which 
28 are paratypes, of recently described mollusks from Japan. Holo- 
types of molluscan species and subspecies were received from Dr. Raul 
Guitart, Dr. Harry W. Wells, Messrs. Leslie Hubricht, Thomas L. 
McGinty, and William G. Pearcy, and from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife 
Service Laboratory, Pascagoula, Miss., through Harvey R. Bullis, Jr. 
A total of 1,257 helminthological specimens, among which were many 
types of new species, were added to the collection housed in the Para- 
sitological Laboratory of the Animal Disease and Parasite Research 
Branch of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Md. 


30 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


The division of marine invertebrates acquired a number of impor- 
tant collections. Lesle Hubricht of Meridian, Miss., presented his 
personal collection of 32,327 fresh-water invertebrates, containing 
what is probably the largest and most valuable series of American 
fresh-water isopod crustaceans ever assembled. A total of 33,177 
specimens were received from the Fourth Smithsonian-Bredin Carib- 
bean Expedition, 1960. Through Dr. Harry 8. Ladd, the Paleon- 
tology and Stratigraphy Branch of the U.S. Geological Survey con- 
tributed 1,079 corals from the Marshall Islands, including 217 type 
and figured specimens described by Dr. J. W. Wells in his comprehen- 
sive monograph on Indo-Pacific reef corals. Through Dr. Arthur G. 
Humes, Boston University donated 852 copepod and isopod crusta- 
ceans. Approximately 974 isopod and 3822 amphipod crustaceans were 
received from the Beaudette Foundation for Biological Research, 
through Dr. J. Laurens Barnard. Included in this group are 198 
paratypes of 4 species of isopods described by Dr. Robert J. Menzies. 

The U.S. Department of Agriculture, through Dr. William H. 
Anderson, transferred to the division of insects the largest single 
accession ever received: a collection of Coccidae (scale insects) con- 
servatively estimated to contain 1 million specimens. Additional im- 
portant accessions include the Harold E. Box collection of 5,000 Neo- 
tropical cane-boring moths of the genus Diatraea; a donation of 8,000 
North American butterflies and moths by Dr. George W. Rawson; the 
J. C. Hopfinger collection of butterflies and moths; 6,741 specimens, 
mostly Coleoptera, from William W. Pinch; 805 Brazilian insects from 
Dr. C. M. Biezanko; 6,543 British Columbian insects from C. Garrett ; 
6,612 specimens from N. L. H. Krauss, who has been a devoted con- 
tributor for many years; and 2,000 specimens from Guatemala from 
Dr. Thomas H. Farr. 

Noteworthy contributions to the collections by staff members in- 
clude 900 specimens, mostly European centipedes, from Dr. Ralph E. 
Crabill, Jr.; 41,110 specimens collected in Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, 
and North America from Dr. Paul J. Spangler; 400 specimens of but- 
terflies from the eastern United States from William D. Field; 1,192 
miscellaneous insects, chiefly caddisflies, from Dr. Oliver 8S. Flint, Jr.; 
7,826 specimens, mostly Microlepidoptera, from the northwestern 
United States from Dr. J. F. Gates Clarke; and 285 specimens, chiefly 
Orthoptera, from Dr. Ashley B. Gurney, U.S. Department of Agri- 
culture. Others making important donations were Drs. Nell B. 
Causey, G. E. Ball, W. L. Brown, Richard L. Hoffman, and Bernard 
Feinstein. 

Botany.—A fine lot of 4,143 herbarium specimens and 480 wood 
samples from Brazil, presented by Boris A. Krukoff, Smithtown, 
N.Y., adds appreciably to the national collections. Among them 


SECRETARY’S REPORT _ ili 


was a group of woods from laticiferous plants on which anatomical 
research was planned by Mr. Krukoff. Dr. José Cuatrecasas gave 
3,200 specimens which he collected in Colombia. Other gifts included 
620 excellent specimens of Pennsylvania plants from Muhlenberg Col- 
lege, Allentown, Pa.; 850 cryptogams, mostly mosses, from Dr. F. J. 
Hermann, Adelphi, Md.; and 504 specimens from the University of 
Alaska. 

Several large collections were received in exchange. A group of 
845 slides of pollen of African plants was received from Duke Uni- 
versity through Mrs. Shirlee Cavaliere and 765 slides from the Pan 
American Petroleum Corp. of Tulsa, Okla., through Dr. Donald W. 
Engelhardt. Gray Herbarium of Harvard University sent 1,037 
specimens collected by Dr. L. J. Brass on the Fourth Archbold Expe- 
dition to New Guinea. Other exchanges included 845 specimens of 
Asia and eastern Hurope from the V. L. Komarov Institute of Botany 
of the Academy of Sciences, Leningrad, U.S.S.R.; 888 specimens 
collected in Mexico by Dr. Faustino Miranda from the Instituto de 
Biologia, Universidad Nacional de México; and 382 plants of Aus- 
tralia from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research 
Organization, Melbourne. 

Dr. John J. Wurdack collected for the Museum 9,258 specimens in 
Peru; Dr. R.S. Cowan and Dr. Thomas R. Soderstrom, 3,370 specimens 
in British Guiana; and Dr. William L. Stern, 439 specimens in Oregon, 
Wyoming, and Colorado. 

From the U.S. Geological Survey were transferred 801 specimens 
collected on the Pacific islands by Dr. F. R. Fosberg; from the U.S. 
Fish and Wildlife Service, 420 plants collected in Alaska by Frank 
Beals; and from the Agricultural Research Service, Department of 
Agriculture, 235 specimens collected in Iran and Mexico by Dr. How- 
ard Scott Gentry. 

Geology.—A total of 3,885 specimens was received in the division 
of mineralogy and petrology. Among the important gifts are a very 
fine specimen of legrandite, Mapimi, Mexico, from Bernard T. Rocca, 
Sr., and an exceptional specimen of fairfieldite, Kings Mountain, N.C., 
from Carter Hudgins. Outstanding among specimens received by 
exchange was a collection of cerussite, azurite, and associated minerals 
from Tsumeb, South West Africa; a crystal of vivianite, 31 inches 
in length from the Cameroons; and a fine piece of malachite, from the 
Congo. New species received in exchange were: calumetite, Michi- 
gan; angelellite, Argentina; arsenate-belovite, fersmanite, gerasimov- 
kite, kupletskite, lomonossovite, and vinogradovite, from the 
U.S.S.R.; bafertisite, Inner Mongolia; bergenite, Hast Germany; 
bonattite, Canada; carobbiite, Italy; cuprorivaite, Italy; hydroames- 


32 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


ite, Hungary; reinerite, stranskite, and gallite, South West Africa; 
and schuetteite and wightmanite, California. 

A total of 815 specimens was added to the Roebling collection by 
purchase or by exchange. Among these are outstanding specimens of 
wulfenite, calcite, and agate from Mexico. Gem specimens include 
a 17-carat greenish-yellow brazilianite, from Brazil; a 30-carat cat’s- 
eye cerussite, from South West Africa; and a 9.35-carat axinite from 
Baja California, Mexico. Acquired by purchase through the Canfield 
fund is a magnificent group of amethyst quartz crystals from Guer- 
rero, Mexico. The largest crystal measures 4 by 18 inches, and each 
is tipped by white quartz. 

New acquisitions to the gem collection include a 2.86-carat deep- 
pink diamond, Tanganyika, from S. Sydney De Young; a 235.5-carat 
morganite, Brazil, from Mr. and Mrs. Frank Ix, Jr.; a 277.9-carat 
citrine, Brazil, from Albert Cutter; and a 177-carat kunzite, Cali- 
fornia, from the American Gem Society. Gem specimens acquired 
by purchase through the Chamberlain fund for the Issac Lea collection 
include a 17.5-carat pink tourmaline cat’s-eye and a 4,500-carat faceted 
smoky quartz egg, both from California; and a 9-carat axinite, from 
Baja California, Mexico. 

_ During the year 20 meteorites were added to the collection, of which 
11 were not previously represented. The Bogou meteorite was of 
special interest. This 8.8-kilogram coarse octahedrite, which came 
to the Museum through the generous cooperation of the Government 
of Upper Volta and the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, was ob- 
served to fall in Upper Volta on August 14, 1962. It is being ex- 
tensively studied in several laboratories because observed falls of iron 
meteorites are extremely rare. 

In the division of invertebrate paleontology and paleobotany, a 
number of important collections of invertebrate fossils were acquired. 
Among transfers of type specimens from the U.S. Geological Survey 
were: 68 Permian pelecypods described by K. Ciriaks of Columbia 
University; 869 specimens of Upper Cretaceous oysters from the 
western interior; 40 Permian corals from Nevada with thin sections; 
and 33 specimens and 87 thin sections of Middle Silurian corals from 
Quebec, described by W. A. Oliver, Jr. 

Funds from the Walcott bequest were used to purchase the Hughes 
collection of Tertiary invertebrates from Florida, numbering more 
than 50,000 specimens. The Walcott fund also provided means for 
staff collections which included 4,000 Upper Cretaceous mollusks 
from the western interior; 5,000 Tertiary invertebrates from Hamp- 
ton, Va.; and 2,000 fossil echinoids from southwestern Florida. The 
Springer fund made possible the purchase of 210 Triassic echinoids 
and 72 Paleozoic echinoids from the western United States. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 33 


Gifts from collectors outside the Smithsonian Institution include: 
991 type specimens of planktonic Foraminifera from Recent bottom 
sediments of the Pacific Ocean from Miss Frances Parker of the 
Scripps Institution of Oceanography; 1,000 Upper Cretaceous mol- 
lusks from Tennessee and Mississippi arranged by Margaret J. Hall 
through Mid-South Earth Science Club; 6,000 Silurian brachiopods 
from Czechoslovakia collected by Dr. A. J. Boucot of the California 
Institute of Technology; 184 type specimens of Foraminifera from 
the Cretaceous Adelphia Marl of Arkansas from Dr. H. C. Skinner, 
Tulane University; 500 specimens of Middle Devonian brachiopods 
and corals from northern Ohio from Bernard Keith; 100 Early Devo- 
nian invertebrates from Flute Cave, W. Va., from the Potomac Spele- 
ological Club; 50 specimens of early Ordovician brachiopods from 
Kielce, Poland, from Dr. R. B. Neuman; 23 rare and unusual Miocene 
mollusks from Virginia from Mr. and Mrs. W. M. Rice; and 52 thin 
sections of type Foraminifera from the Mississippian of southern 
Tilinois and Kentucky from Mrs. D. HE. N. Zeller of the University 
of Kansas. 

Outstanding specimen exchanges brought 76 specimens of Pliocene 
mollusks from the Scaldesian formation of Belgium, through Dr. S. 
Amelinckx; 99 specimens of fossil invertebrates from Argentina 
through Dr. A. J. Amos; 13 ammonites from the Cretaceous of Russia 
through Dr. D. P. Naidin; and the Harris collection of type specimens 
of fossil crinoids, from the University of Houston. 

In the division of vertebrate paleontology, the major specimens of 
fossil vertebrates accessioned this year consist of two skulls and a 
skeleton of three different tetrapods from the Permian of Texas, 
and two partial skeletons of Mississippian amphibians, probably new 
to science, from West Virginia. The Texas material is of superior 
quality and will be most useful in morphological work. These speci- 
mens were collected by associate curator Nicholas Hotton III and 
James Kitching of the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannes- 
burg, South Africa. 

A remarkably good collection comprising remains of a variety of 
Eocene mammals found by W. L. Rohrer in the Big Horn Basin 
of Wyoming was transferred from the U.S. Geological Survey. Note- 
worthy are skull portions of the large pantodont Coryphodon, jaws 
and maxillae of the early horse Hyracotherium and the lemuroid 
primate Pelycodus, and the greater part of a skull of a rare leptictid 
insectivore. 

Science and technology—The division of physical sciences received 
from the Bell Telephone Laboratories the apparatus used by Dr. 
Clinton T. Davisson in his 1927 investigations of interference phe- 
nomena in crystals irradiated by electrons, for which he received 


34 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


the Nobel prize in physics in 1936. Received also was a full-scale 
reproduction of an observational armillary, one of the large astro- 
nomical instruments used by Tycho Brache, from L. S. Hichner. A 
sectioned model of a 1962 microscope showing its optical system was 
given by the E. Leitz Co. A large collection representing the history 
of the water meter was donated by A. A. Hirsch. 

The division of mechanical and civil engineering received an im- 
portant early (1905) example of steam turbine power, a Parsons 
turbine with direct-connected direct-current generator. The machine 
was presented by the Department of the Navy, San Francisco Naval 
Shipyard, through Eduardo Magtoto, General Superintendent; 
Varadero de Manila, Republic of the Philippines; and Rear Adm. 
Charles A. Curtze. Of a number of bridge models received is one 
of the famed bridge “Colossus.” The original was the longest timber 
span for a century following its construction in 1812. The section of 
tools received the Rogers Bond Comparator No. 2 from the Pratt & 
Whitney Co. This was the first instrument in this country used to 
transfer the length of a standard by microscopic measurement and to 
subdivide it directly, converting line-standard to end-standard meas- 
urement. The section of light machinery acquired, from the Amer- 
ican Watchmakers Institute, the James Ward Packard collection of 
complex watches. 

Senator Leverett Saltonstall, Regent of the Smithsonian, presented 
a piano-box buggy and a fine set of silver-mounted coach harnesses 
to the section of land transportation. A beautifully restored and 
fully documented farm wagon of 1860 was donated by Don H. Berke- 
bile. The section of marine transportation acquired several fine ship 
models, including a downeaster, the H’mily F. Whitney, and a Pitts- 
burgh & Cincinnati steam packet, the Buckeye State. 

The division of medical sciences lists as its most important acqui- 
sition a 17th-century Lambeth Delft pill tile bearing the coats of arms 
of the City of London and of the Worshipful Society of Apothecaries. 
This was received through the generosity of Charles Pfizer & Co., Inc. 
Other gifts include the first lonization X-ray condenser dosimeter, 
developed and donated by Dr. Otto Glasser, and a Cambridge indi- 
cator dye-dilution curve apparatus, from Dr. Alfred Henderson. 

Through the generosity of Franklin Wingard, the division of elec- 
tricity acquired a large collection of radio material which greatly 
strengthens its holdings in this field. 

Arts and manujfactures-—The division of textiles received an espe- 
cially well-executed 19th-century appliqué and stuffed-work quilt from 
Stewart Dickson. A very early silk throw, made for an ante-Civil 
War bride, was presented by Commander and Mrs. James P. 
Oliver, John P. Oliver, and their aunt, Mrs. Ruth P. Hall. A very fine 


SECRETARY'S REPORT . 35 


Brussels needlepoint and bobbin appliqué lace collar and Gros Point 
de Venice lace cape were presented by Mrs. Herbert May. An addi- 
tional group of seven beautiful oriental rugs was presented by Mrs. 
Clara W. Berwick. ‘These included examples of wool and silk rugs, 
which are in both the Sehna and Ghiodes knot techniques. 

The division of ceramics and glass acquired, from Mrs. Ellouise 
Baker Larsen, of Lima, Ohio, her entire collection of Staffordshire 
ware. Consisting of about 900 pieces, this is the most important 
assembly of these ceramics in America. Mrs. Larsen has spent more 
than 30 years compiling data and gathering the representative pieces, 
many of which are extremely rare. Hugh D. Auchincloss, McLean, 
Va., donated five pieces of ancient glass illustrative of the high degree 
of artistic skill of the glassmakers when Rome dominated the Mediter- 
ranean. Dr. Hans Syz, Westport, Conn., presented another group 
of 18th-century German porcelains including fine pieces from Meissen, 
Hochet, Ludwigsburg, Nymphenburg, and Furstenberg. 

An important accession of the division of graphic arts was the 
color aquatint Za Promenade Publique, by Philibert-Louis Debucourt, 
generally considered to be the finest example of French color print- 
ing of the last quarter of the 18th century. Other outstanding acces- 
sions were a chiaroscuro woodcut, Zhe Death of Ananias, after 
Raphael, executed about 1530, by Ugo de Carpi, who is usually ac- 
cepted as the first and most important Italian chiaroscuro woodcutter ; 
and The Fountain of Trevi, one of the most desirable subjects from 
Giovanni Battista Piranesi’s great series of etchings, Veduta di Roma, 
published in 1765. 

The eminent Hungarian artist Joseph Domjan, now an American 
citizen, donated his highly original woodcuts Starlit Night, Peacock of 
the Carnations, and Moon-Shine Peacock. 'Through its president, 
Prentiss Taylor, the Society of Washington Printmakers presented 
the color lithograph Black Fire, by Jack Perlmutter. Mr. Taylor, a 
well-known Washington artist, also donated a print of his lithograph 
La Presa-Marfil, together with the original preliminary drawing of 
the subject, the transfer drawings, and the zinc plate used in printing. 

The section of photography acquired some notable additions to its 
historical collections as well as items representative of significant cur- 
rent developments. The Eastman Kodak Co. presented a matchbox 
camera developed during World War II for the Office of Strategic 
Services, a 1922 cine-camera, Model-A, their first motion picture 
camera, and several cutaway cameras illustrative of design changes. 
Dr. Harold E. Edgerton donated a pair of deep-sea stereo cameras 
of his design. These were first used in 1954 by Capt. Jacques Yves 
Cousteau and by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. 


36 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


Noteworthy donations to the division of manufacturing and heavy 
industries include a collection of more than 300 tinware items, cover- 
ing the entire range of the 19th-century tinsmith’s art, from Kenneth 
Jewett. President John F. Kennedy, through the U.S. Atomic Energy 
Commission, transferred a cube of uranium fuel used by Enrico Fermi 
in the world’s first controlled neutron chain reaction (December 2, 
1942). Obtained from the Army Nuclear Power Program was a model 
of the first land-based nuclear power plant (SM-1), the prototype of 
small reactors being developed for the use of the U.S. Army in the 
field, and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory provided a display show- 
ing the method of fabrication of the fuel elements used therein. The 
section of iron and steel was successful in locating the original Ajax- 
Wyatt electric induction furnace which was transferred by the Ajax 
Magnethermic Corp. 

The division of agriculture and forest products received, from 
Minneapolis-Moline, Inc., a 1918 Moline Universal Model D tractor 
with a two-bottom plow attached. The tractor is notable for its use 
of electrically operated accessories. Another historical item acquired 
by the division is an 1869 portable steam engine, the first made by the 
J. I. Case Co. and donated by that firm. 

Civil history —Among the important accessions received in the divi- 
sion of political history is Mrs. John F. Kennedy’s gift of her inaugu- 
ral-ball gown and cape, made of peau d’ange covered with several 
layers of white silk chiffon. Mrs. Kennedy also presented her dress of 
white ottoman silk worn at the inaugural gala on January 19, 1961. 
Items of clothing worn by Presidents William Howard Taft, Theodore 
Roosevelt, Calvin Coolidge, and Woodrow Wilson were presented by 
Charles R. Taft, Ralph E. Becker, John Coolidge, and the National 
Trust for Historic Preservation, respectively. A handsomely bound 
book presented to Theodore Roosevelt by the Faculty Club of the 
University of California, The Silva of California, was given by his 
grandson, Cornelius Van S. Roosevelt. A number of items, including 
a fan, a brown satin apron, and other articles of the clothing which 
belonged to Dolley Madison, were donated by her great-great-great- 
grandniece, Miss Barbara Donald. Mrs. Herbert A. May donated the 
famous Napoleon diamond necklace presented by the Emperor to his 
wife, the Empress Marie-Louise, on the occasion of the birth of their 
son, the King of Rome. 

To the collections of the division of cultural history were added 
an important block-front tall clock from Rhode Island, a Philadelphia 
“pie crust” table, and other significant items, donated by Mrs. Francis 
P. Garvan. Mrs. Harry T. Peters and her children, Harry T. Peters, 
Jr.,and Mrs. Charles D. Webster, presented 11 large folio lithographs 
by Currier and Ives and others, a valuable addition to the nearly 2,000 


SECRETARY'S REPORT - 37 


prints given by this family. Mr. and Mrs. A. Philip Stockvis gave a 
_ yaried group which includes an American Chippendale armchair. For 
the musical instruments collection, the Le Blanc Corp. presented a 
basset horn, contra-bass clarinet, bass clarinet, and two alto clarinets. 

The division of philately and postal history added 178,626 specimens 
to its collections. One of the most significant of the recent gifts came 
from Bernard Peyton of Princeton, N.J., who presented a Confederate 
States cover, to which is affixed a block of twelve 2-cent Jackson Con- 
federate stamps. This is the largest known block of these stamps 
on a cover. Funds donated by the Charles and Rosanna Batchelor 
Memorial, Inc., made possible valuable additions to the Emma KE. 
Batchelor Air Mail Collection. 

The division of numismatics received significant contributions of 
rare half dollars from R. E. Cox, Jr., of Fort Worth, Tex. Extensive 
donations of the Messrs. Stack of New York City included original 
drawings for U.S. patterns and medals, and Harvey Stack gave a 
hitherto unknown variety of the extremely rare Indian Peace Medal 
dated 1843, portraying President George Washington and distributed 
by one of the fur-trading companies in the Missouri Territory. To 
our holdings in modern coins the Honorable R. Henry Norweb of 
Cleveland, Ohio, contributed a virtually complete collection of New- 
foundland issues dating from 1865-1947. Willis H. du Pont of Wil- 
mington, Del., added to his previous donations of Russian coins and 
medals formerly owned by the Grand Duke Mikhailovitch a group of 
778 coins struck during the reigns of Peter III and Catherine IT up 
to 1774, and medals struck during the period from 1762-94. Mrs. 
Wayte Raymond of New York City contributed 620 important modern 
coins of the world, and Mrs. F. C. C. Boyd of New York City gave 572 
Mexican coins comprising many issues of the Revolutionary Period. 
Philip H. Chase of Wynnewood, Pa., donated a very rare album, The 
Ourrency of the Confederate States of America, prepared by Raphael 
P. Thian about 1880 and containing 286 notes and their descriptions. 
Mr. and Mrs. Isadore Snyderman of New York City presented to the 
Smithsonian a unique gold plaquette of 1906, made by Victor D. Bren- 
ner in commemoration of the removal of the remains of John Paul 
Jones from Paris to Annapolis in 1905. 

Armed Forces history—tThe collections of the division of military 
history were enriched by a unique Henry rifle once presented to 
President Lincoln and given to the Museum by Robert Lincoln Beck- 
with. The William De Laney Travis Civil War panorama “The Army 
of the Cumberland” was received from C. C. Travis and Mrs. Hattie 
Kidd. A fine group of decorations awarded to Capt. C. H. Hunting- 
ton was presented by Mrs. Huntington. A rare Medal of Honor and 

707-317—63 4 


38 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


associated Civil War medals awarded Lt. Edward B. Williston were 
received from the Department of the Navy. 

The division of naval history acquired, from Capt. P. V. H. Weems, 
the Weems Memorial Library and its associated collection of naviga- 
tional instruments illustrative of the progressive solution of problems 
posed by aerial navigation from its earliest days. The collection in- 
cludes a notably fine run of Bowditch’s The New American Practical 
Navigator from the 1st to 15th editions. Also included are navigation 
instruments used in the polar flights of Richard E. Byrd and Lincoln 
Ellsworth. 

The division’s uniform collection has been greatly enhanced by the 
gift of Mrs. Ernest J. King, widow of Fleet Adm. Ernest J. King, 
which included a number of her late husband’s uniforms, orders, and 
decorations. 

Philip Wrigley presented rare and interesting naval uniforms 
including the period of World War I, and an extensive collection of 
contemporary naval uniforms was presented by the Department of 
the Navy and Jacob Reed & Sons of Philadelphia. 

The U.S. Coast Guard transferred a wide selection of objects per- 
taining to the history of that service. These included items of 
ordnance, two sets of gangway headboards, a first order catadioptric 
lens, original drafts of a wide variety of lighthouse lenses, a lifeboat 
and fully equipped beach cart, and, most important, eight extremely 
handsome models of revenue cutters. Floyd D. Houston of New 
Suffolk, N.Y., presented his finely executed model of the submarine 
Folland, first submarine in the Navy. 

Through the courtesy of M. E. Tucker and the government of 
Bermuda, head curator Mendel L. Peterson and museum technician 
Alan B. Albright collected a significant number of artifacts from 
underwater sites in the Bermuda reefs. These included materials of 
glass, ceramics, and metal from sites dating from 1595 through 1838. 


EXPLORATION AND FIELDWORK 


Dr. R. S. Cowan, assistant director of the Museum of Natural 
History, conducted a 5-week expedition to Baja California, Mexico, 
in February and March, primarily to collect data and materials for 
constructing a desert-life group in the future hall of plant life. With 
the assistance of modelmaker Paul Marchand and _ sculptor-artist 
Vernon R. Rickman, fiber-glass models and plaster models were pre- 
pared of several cacti and other plants characteristic of the desert. 
Dr. Cowan also made a systematic collection of wood specimens, almost 
half of which are new to the Smithsonian Institution wood collection. 

During November and December, Dr. I. E. Wallen, assistant direc- 
tor for oceanography, visited institutions specializmg in marine 


SECRETARY'S REPORT __ 39 


sciences in England, Denmark, Sweden, Holland, France, Monaco, 
and Italy. He obtained information which has been useful in the 
planning of the Smithsonian Oceanographic Sorting Center. The 
establishment and functioning of this Center constitute perhaps the 
most important single accomplishment of the first year of the ocean- 
ography program. At the close of the year Dr. Wallen was in East 
Pakistan on a temporary assignment as visiting professor of zoology 
for the Asia Foundation. 

During September and October Dr. T. D. Stewart, then head 
curator of anthropology (now director of the Museum of Natural 
History), was in Baghdad, Iraq, reconstructing and studying the 
remains of Neanderthal skeletons IV and VI recovered in Shanidar 
Cave in 1960. The results of this year’s work, embodied in a manu- 
script scheduled to be published in Swmer, the Journal of Archaeology 
and History in Iraq, led Dr. Stewart to the conclusion that the 
Shanidar Neanderthal population remained fairly homogeneous 
throughout the estimated 15,000 years during which their skeletons 
accumulated in the cave. 

The investigation of the late Pleistocene bone bed near Littleton, 
Colo., was underway again at the beginning of the year. Dr. Waldo 
R. Wedel, then curator of archeology (now head curator of anthro- 
pology), museum specialist George Metcalf, and exhibits specialist 
Peter W. Bowman continued to work until late in August, by which 
time some 2,400 square feet of deposits around an ancient spring had 
been excavated to depths up to 11 feet and extensive additional collec- 
tions made of mammoth, bison, and other mammal bones. Although 
conclusive evidence of man’s association with the mammoth was not 
obtained, a stratified section of the deposit and recovery of several key 
artifact types in situ established man’s presence here at least as far 
back as 7,000 years ago. 

From January to March Dr. Saul H. Riesenberg, curator of eth- 
nology; Dr. Clifford Evans, curator of archeology; and Dr. Betty 
J. Meggers, honorary research associate, were on the island of Ponape 
in the Caroline Islands of the Trust Territory in the Pacific studying 
ancient megalithic structures and the traditions relating thereto. 
Just off the eastern end of Ponape is a complex of artificial islets, 
known as Nan Madol, on which are structures made of columnar basalt. 
By using 25 workmen to clear the areas to be investigated, Drs. Evans 
and Meggers were able to excavate and map eight distinct parts of the 
complex. In the process they collected typical artifacts and a se- 
quence of carbon samples which may yield reliable dates. The team 
spent 6 weeks at the site, Dr. Riesenberg collecting the traditions 
related to the structures and Drs. Evans and Meggers investigating 
the archeological clues and interpretations provided by these traditions 


40 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


and, consequently, offering new leads for ethnological explorations. 
As a result of this unusual approach, they concluded that orally trans- 
mitted tradition has greater historical validity, at least in this area, 
than is generally recognized by most anthropologists. 

After finishing their work on Ponape, Drs. Evans and Meggers 
went to Japan and Taiwan to consult with Japanese and Chinese 
archeologists and to examine sites and collections of the Karly-Middle 
Jomon Culture of Japan in order to determine the relationship be- 
tween that pottery complex and the pottery complexes relating to the 
early Valdivia Culture of coastal Ecuador. The Valdivia Culture 
has yielded the earliest dated pottery in the New World (5,000-4,050 
years before the present, as determined by carbon-14 tests). Not only 
is this pottery unexpectedly early for the New World, but also it indi- 
cates no relationship with any known New World culture. Since 
the Jomon pottery shows suprisingly similar features, and is of about 
the same antiquity, the records obtained during this trip open up 
many doors to research on the problem of transpacific movements of 
early populations. 

While in Japan, Drs. Evans and Meggers examined the collections 
made by staff members of the University of Tokyo during two arche- 
ological expeditions to the northern Andes of Peru. Here also the 
pottery was found to bear directly upon some of the cultures of 
Ecuador. These rewarding contacts between American and Japanese 
archeologists having mutual interests promise to open up a fruitful 
era of cooperation. 

Late in August Drs. Evans and Meggers, together with Dr. William 
H. Crocker, associate curator of ethnology, attended the 35th Inter- 
national Congress of Americanists in Mexico City, after which they 
examined collections and sites in various parts of Mexico, giving par- 
ticular attention to those in Yucatan. 

Dr. Henry W. Setzer, associate curator of mammals, was engaged 
during much of the year in organizing and supervising field parties 
operating in Asia, Madagascar, and Mexico with the objective of mak- 
ing collections of small mammals and their ectoparasites. Late in 
August he went to London to study type and other specimens of 
mammals in the British Museum (Natural History). After this he 
spent brief periods with field parties in West Pakistan and along the 
Afghanistan border in Iran, consulted with American officials in 
Cairo, Egypt, and helped the Madagascar field party initiate work in 
the vicinity of Ihosy. Another trip late in February and early in 
March took him to Mexico, where he joined a field party on the 
Mexican plateau. 

Col. Robert Traub, who in January was appointed honorary re- 
search associate, worked closely with Dr. Setzer in organizing and 


SECRETARY'S REPORT 41 


participating in fieldwork in widely separated areas. During most 
of September and October he collected small mammals and their 
_ ectoparasites in West Pakistan, particularly in the Kagan Valley and 
in the vicinity of Lahore and Sialkot. From there he went to north- 
ern Thailand for 4 weeks. Then, late in February, he spent a month 
in Mexico collecting in the States of Veracruz, Guerrero, México, 
Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas. 

From January to April Dr. Charles O. Handley, Jr., associate 
curator of mammals, with the assistance of Frank M. Greenwell of 
the Smithsonian’s office of exhibits, continued his major project of 
studying the mammals of Panama. The areas investigated this year 
were the San Blas coast in extreme eastern Panama and the Bocas del 
Toro Archipelago and adjacent mainland near the Costa Rican bound- 
ary. ‘The resulting mammal collection amounted to 1,914 specimens. 

In order to study the relationship of birds to arthropod-borne 
virus diseases, especially eastern equine encephalitis, Dr. Philip S. 
Humphrey, curator of birds, collected extensively in the vicinity of 
Belém and in Braganca, Brazil, from the end of January to the end 
of April. In this work he had the cooperation of the Belém Virus 
Laboratory, Fundacao Servico Especial de Satide Publica, and the 
Museu Paraense “Emilio Goeldi,” all of Belém. In addition to 986 
skins and 1,035 anatomical specimens, he took over 1,100 liver and 788 
blood samples. Since three or four different habitats are represented, 
Dr. Humphrey hopes that the serological findings can be subjected to 
ecological] analysis. 

Field studies concerned with the birdlife of the Isthmus of Panama, 
under Dr. Alexander Wetmore, honorary research associate and re- 
tired Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, covered the period 
from early in January to late in March. The first work of the season 
centered on the white-winged dove colonies found last year in the ex- 
tensive mangrove swamps along the lower Rio Pocri, below Aguadulce 
in the Province of Colcé. These colonies were especially interesting, 
since elsewhere the doves inhabit drier upland localities. Traveling 
by dugout canoe along the river channels during these investigations, 
Dr. Wetmore found also the rare rufous-crowned wood rail, Aramides 
axillaris, known previously in Panama only from a few reports 
around Almirante Bay on the Caribbean coast. In addition, he ob- 
tained information on wintering dowitchers among the many sand- 
pipers, and on gull-billed terns, all migrants from the north. 

Late in January Dr. Wetmore was a guest on the small motor vessel 
Pelican engaged in a study of the distribution of the spiny lobster, a 
cooperative project between the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries of 
the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and agencies concerned with as- 
sistance to the Panamanian Government. Their route through the 


42 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


Canal and along the Pacific coast to islands off western Chiriqui gave 
opportunity for daily work ashore on Isla Parida and Isla Bolanos, 
in continuation of the island survey of last year on the launch Barbara 
Ls 

On his final fieldwork of the season Dr. Wetmore arranged a 
charter flight on a small plane east to Puerto Obaldia on the San Blas 
coast near the boundary with Colombia. After a few days’ work near 
the town, he established a camp, in company with mammalogist Dr. 
Charles O. Handley, Jr., in the high forest back of Armila, the east- 
ernmost village of the Cuna Indians. Three pairs of the rare ant- 
bird Xenornis setifrons, known previously from five specimens, were 
special prizes here. 

As last year, the Gorgas Memorial Laboratory of Panama provided 
Dr. Wetmore with one of their technicians, Rudolfo Hinds, to serve 
as field assistant. 

Dr. Doris M. Cochran, curator of reptiles and amphibians, in com- 
pany with entomologist Mrs. Doris H. Blake, honorary research 
associate, was in South and Central America from the beginning of 
December through February visiting museums and making collections. 
The countries visited included Brazil (Brasilia, Rio de Janeiro, Sao 
Paulo, Santos, and Curitiba); Argentina (Foz de Iguassu, Buenos 
Aires, La Plata, Vila Bela); Peru (Lima, Pachacamac, Rio Blanco, 
and Rio Rimac) ; Colombia (Cali, Palmyra, Bogota, and Medellin) ; 
and the Canal Zone (Barro Colorado Island). As a result of the 
information and specimens obtained, Dr. Cochran expects to complete 
reports on the frogs of central Brazil and of Colombia, the latter in 
collaboration with Dr. C. J. Goin of Gainesville, Fla. 

Two associate curators of the division of fishes, Dr. Victor G. 
Springer and Dr. William R. Taylor, participated in oceanographic 
expeditions during the year. Dr. Springer was on the oceanographic 
vessel Geronimo, operated by the Fish and Wildlife Service, when she 
left Boston for West Africa on March 5. Unfortunately, 4 days later 
the vessel malfunctioned and had to be towed into Bermuda for repairs, 
but again departed for Africa on March 12. During the 3 days in 
Bermuda Dr. Springer was able to make only night-light collections. 
After leaving Bermuda the vessel again malfunctioned and had to be 
towed back to port. Thereupon the cruise was canceled, and Dr. 
Springer, after further attempts at shore collecting, left for Wash- 
ington by air. In spite of limited collecting opportunities and un- 
favorable weather conditions, he returned with about 300 specimens. 

Dr. Taylor joined the Anton Bruun of the International Indian 
Ocean Expedition when she left Bombay, India, early in March on 
her first cruise designed to obtain physical data and biological material 
from the Andaman Sea and Bay of Bengal. Malfunction of the 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 43 


electrical equipment, winches, etc., and difficulties in obtaining fresh 
water caused changes in schedules and restricted the activities of the 
biologists aboard. Asa result, Dr. Taylor late in April left the ship 
at Vizagapatam. The collections obtained were limited to the An- 
daman Sea and offshore areas west of Burma. 

From early in March to late in May Dr. J. A. F. Garrick, research 
associate in the division of fishes, visited several museums and other 
institutions in Europe and Africa primarily to examine type material 
of the shark genus Carcharhinus for his revision of the group. He 
also wished to obtain additional locality records and to ascertain if 
any species had been overlooked or are not represented in the collections 
of U.S. museums thus far seen. Dr. Garrick’s findings show that 
much of the current nomenclature for the group is in error, particu- 
larly in regard to species of the Indo-Pacific, based primarily on the 
literature rather than on examination of types. As a result of this 
fieldwork, locality records for many species were greatly extended, and 
in several cases species thought to be restricted to one ocean were 
found to occur in other oceans or to be worldwide in distribution. The 
number of recorded species was increased by two. Because of the 
value of vertebral counts in identifying shark species, Dr. Garrick 
X-rayed critical specimens whenever possible. About 90 specimens 
were soexamined. In this and all other respects he received the fullest 
cooperation from the staffs of the institutions visited. 

From the middle of July through August Dr. J. F. Gates Clarke, 
curator of insects, conducted extensive field studies in Oregon and 
Washington. While in Oregon he had the company of a colleague, 
James Baker, of Burns, Oreg. From numerous stations set up for 
collecting purposes at various altitudes, they obtained over 7,000 
specimens, including many novelties, which eventually will contribute 
much to our knowledge of the ecology and distribution of Microlepi- 
doptera of the Pacific Northwest. 

From the beginning of June until the end of September Dr. Ralph 
E. Crabill, Jr., associate curator of insects, conducted further studies 
of myriapods, particularly in museums in Munich, Vienna, Hamburg, 
Copenhagen, and London. He was able to locate and examine pre- 
viously unknown material. He also spent a couple of weeks in the 
Bavarian Alps collecting topotypical specimens of centipedes for the 
national collections. 

Since joining the staff as associate curator of the division of insects 
this year, Dr. Paul J. Spangler, a specialist in aquatic beetles, has 
made several collecting trips, the longest of which, December 15—Janu- 
ary 26, took him to Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Although 
the insect fauna from Puerto Rico is better known than that from other 
Caribbean islands, he found numerous new records and new species 


44 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


and collected approximately 14,000 insects. Although this material 
has as yet been examined only cursorily, 1 family (Isometopidae), 
12 genera previously unknown from the island, and numerous new 
species have been identified. The number of species of aquatic 
beetles known from Puerto Rico has been increased from approxi- 
mately 40 to 75, and larvae of about 35 of these have been established 
by rearing or association. The number of aquatic beetle species known 
from the Virgin Islands has been tripled. 

During 2 weeks in August Dr. Spangler collected also in South 
Dakota, Wyoming, and Montana, concentrating in the numerous and 
unusual habitats in Yellowstone National Park and vicinity. He col- 
lected approximately 10,000 insects during this trip. Although this 
material has not yet been thoroughly examined, several new species 
of water beetles have been found. In several rare genera the number 
of specimens present in the national collection has been doubled. In 
addition, rare and undescribed larvae of several species have been 
found and associated with their adults. 

At the beginning and end of the year Dr. Spangler in company with 
other members of the staff made day-long trips to collecting areas in 
Maryland and West Virginia. A trip to the vicinity of Oakland in 
Garrett County, Md., yielded several rare species for the first time 
and one apparently new species. 

Dr. Oliver S. Flint, Jr., associate curator of insects, continued his 
research on caddisflies. This year his major collecting effort came 
during the latter part of July when he went to Jamaica and again to 
Puerto Rico. On the island of Jamaica he obtained well over 1,000 
specimens of caddisflies belonging to about 20 species. Almost all 
these species are new to science, and one represents a genus new to the 
Antilles. The collection of nearly 5,000 specimens from Puerto Rico 
included an undescribed caddisfly belonging to a genus unrecorded 
from that island. 

During the latter part of May, Dr. Flint, accompanied by William 
D. Field, made a 12-day trip through the Jefferson and Monongahela 
National Forests in Virginia and West Virginia to Bluestone State 
Park in West Virginia. Little collecting of aquatic insects has been 
done in this area. 

A 12-day collecting trip for butterflies was made late in August by 
William D. Field, associate curator of insects, along the Blue Ridge 
Parkway in Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee 
to the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. The 392 specimens 
obtained include species which contribute importantly to knowledge 
of these insects. As mentioned above, Mr. Field also accompanied 
Dr. Flint on a trip into the mountains of western Virginia and eastern 
West Virginia in the vicinity of Lewisburg, W. Va. Here he found 


SECRETARY’S REPORT | 45 


a specimen of Pieris virginiensis Edwards, one of the rarest of eastern 
butterflies. Over 100 mature larvae of H’uphydryas phaeton Drury 
and a good series of Glaucopsyche lygdamus Dbldy., another early 
spring rarity, also were collected. 

During the latter part of August Dr. Donald R. Davis, associate 
curator of insects, conducted studies on Microlepidoptera in the 
Tenkiller Lake district of Oklahoma. As this is an area practically 
unknown entomologically, these studies were particularly significant 
in producing information on distribution, ecology, and new species. 
Prior to this, in July, on a visit to the Dismal Swamp area of Virginia 
in company with Dr. Flint, Dr. Davis collected 300 specimens of 
Microlepidoptera, along with a sizable sample of leaf miners. Three 
species of leaf miners were reared, and leaves mined by several addi- 
tional species were collected. 

Associate curator O. L. Cartwright, who in May accompanied Dr. 
Spangler to the vicinity of Oakland in Garrett County, Md., collected 
specimens of seven species of Scarabaeidae, including three rare 
species, the basis for new Maryland State records, and one species 
(nine specimens) apparently new to science. 

During July Dr. Donald F. Squires, associate curator (now curator) 
of marine invertebrates, was in New Zealand conferring with officers 
of the New Zealand Oceanographic Institute regarding the identifica- 
tion and study of deep-water coral banks, and with the New Zealand 
Geological Survey staff regarding the occurrence of such banks as 
fossils. At the Auckland Museum and Institute he studied recent 
collections of corals, particularly those made by fisheries research 
vessels. He also examined outcroppings of fossil deep-water coral 
banks at two localities in Wairarapa. 

In November, while participating in the annual meetings of the 
Bahamas National Trust, Dr. Squires conducted preliminary explora- 
tions, with other members of the Trust, of the reef tracts at Lyford 
Cay, New Providence Island. 

From late in March to early in May, Dr. Squires carried out field 
work on R/V Chain of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, as 
part of the international Equivalent I operation, in the area from 
Recife, Brazil, to Trinidad and east to longitude 25° W. He collected 
samples and made numerous bathymetric observations on the struc- 
tures known as shelf-edge prominences off the Orinoco River Delta. 
Also, he made collections of corals from 40 to 200 fathoms in the 
vicinity of St. Paul’s Rock and in the approaches to Paramaribo, 
Surinam. 

As a participant in the International Indian Ocean Expedition from 
the middle of January to the middle of March, Charles E. Cutress, Jr., 
associate curator of marine invertebrates, visited the Indian Museum 


46 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


at Calcutta and studied sea anemones at Port Canning, the University 
of Madras, the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute at Manda- 
pam Camp, the Porto-Novo Marine Biological Station, and the Insti- 
tute of Science of the University of Bombay. En route to India 
Mr. Cutress examined anemone types at the British Museum (Natural 
History) and, on the way home, studied and collected anemone mate- 
rial at the Stazione Zoologica di Napoli. These studies will con- 
tribute to the solution of major problems of long standing in the 
classification of the sea anemones. 

As biological consultant of the National Science Foundation, Dr. 
Waldo L. Schmitt, honorary research associate, late in November 
joined an expedition to the Palmer Peninsula, Antarctica, to survey 
possible sites for a scientific station in that area. Delays in obtaining 
transportation on an icebreaker afforded Dr. Schmitt the opportunity 
to visit institutions and consult with biologists in New Zealand, par- 
ticularly at Christchurch, and to visit the USARP McMurdo Station 
on the shores of the Ross Sea ice shelf. He finally sailed on the U.S.S. 
Staten Island on January 5. During the ensuing 214 months before 
returning to the Museum, he examined 20 possible sites for a station 
from the point of view of logistics, engineering problems, meteorolog- 
ical conditions, and biological potential. At the same time he made 
land, shore, and offshore collections by various means, including hook 
and line, traps, tow nets, and dredges. 

Continuing his work on the marine mollusks of the Indo-Pacific 
region, Dr. Harald A. Rehder, curator of mollusks, collected on the 
island of Tahiti from mid-January to mid-March. Here he con- 
centrated efforts in the coastal area immediately to the east of Papeete 
but also made several trips around the island, obtaining a good repre- 
sentation of mollusks from numerous localities in almost all districts. 
Dr. Rehder also gathered fresh-water mollusks at the mouths and 
along the courses of the three principal streams that traverse the Dis- 
tricts of Pirae, and examined the area for land snails. The results of 
this trip will assist in planning for future fieldwork in the southern 
Polynesian area. 

In connection with his studies on the families Tridacnidae and 
Littorinidae of the Indo-Pacific region, Dr. Joseph Rosewater, asso- 
ciate curator of mollusks, spent 6 weeks during February and March 
on Eniwetok Atoll in the Marshall Islands utilizing the excellent 
facilities of the Eniwetok Marine Biological Laboratory of the Atomic 
Energy Commission. Representatives of all four species of Tridac- 
nidae living around the atoll were collected and maintained in the 
laboratory. The brightly hued mantles of these specimens provided 
valid distinguishing differences, and dissection of the animals yielded 
additional valuable information regarding their anatomical distinc- 


™~ 


SECRETARY'S REPORT AT 


tions. Although a spawning reaction was induced in two individuals 
of one species by the introduction of the sex products of a third, no 
development of possible fertilized eggs could be noted. It is theorized 
that natural spawning in this group may occur during the warmer 
summer months and that the event is initiated by the occurrence of a 
particular water temperature. Similar studies were carried out on 
specimens of Littorinidae. 

In connection with her research on Leguminosae, Dr. Velva HK. 
Rudd, associate curator of phanerogams, joined a group of botanists 
from the University of California and the University of Mexico dur- 
ing December in a 10-day field trip in the region of San Blas, Mexico. 
En route she spent 2 days in Mexico City at the Instituto de Biologia, 
University of México, examining plant specimens. The collections 
and field experience will be helpful in planning more intensive future 
work in the area. 

Dr. John J. Wurdack, associate curator of phanerogams, returned 
in December from Peru where he had continued on the field trip 
reported last year. Most of his collecting centered around Chacha- 
poyas in the northern highlands, with the last few months spent along 
the Rio Marafién from below Pongo de Rentema to Pongo de Man- 
seriche in the tropical rainforest. Total specimens exceed 12,000. 
Dr. Wurdack attributes much of the success of the trip to the help 
received from the staff of the Museo de Historia Natural “Javier 
Prado” in Lima, where one complete set of his specimens has been 
deposited. 

Dr. Harold Robinson, associate curator of cryptogams, spent most 
of May collecting bryophytes in Mexico. The work centered in the 
Valle Nacional area of northern Oaxaca, with short visits to Chiapas 
and Guerrero. Dr. Robinson estimates that about 300 specimens from 
the collection will be retained. 

Early in December, an algologist, Dr. Richard Norris, was added to 
the staff as associate curator. He left Washington almost immediately 
to join the first and some of the subsequent cruises of the Anton Bruun 
of the International Indian Ocean Expedition. 

While in Trinidad attending the Neotropical Botany Conference 
early in July, Dr. William L. Stern, curator of plant anatomy, gath- 
ered a small group of wood specimens from the northern part of the 
island. In the latter part of August, while on his way to attend the 
meetings of the American Institute of Biological Sciences in Corvallis, 
Oreg., he collected wood specimens in the Rocky Mountains of Colo- 
rado and in the Cascade and Coast Ranges of Oregon. 

During February and March, Dr. Stern, accompanied by two other 
members of his division, Dr. Richard H. Eyde, associate curator, and 
Edward S. Ayensu, research assistant, conducted fieldwork in Pan- 


48 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


ama, collecting not only specimens of fossil woods but also conven- 
tional herbarium specimens and associated wood samples in the fossil 
localities for comparison with the fossil flora. An abundance of fossil 
woods was found on the Azuero Peninsula, particularly in the environs 
of the village of Oct. Two other localities for fossil woods, both 
on the isthmus proper, were discovered, one near the town of La Mesa 
and the other near Colorado, a tiny settlement southwest of Calobre. 
Petrifactions from the two new areas superficially resemble those 
from Oct. 

Dr. G. A. Cooper, head curator of geology, in company with Drs. 
Thomas G. Gibson and Druid Wilson of the U.S. Geological Survey, 
in October visited a fossil site near Hampton, Va., known as Rice’s 
Pit. Although this has become a very popular place for collecting, 
Dr. Cooper and his party obtained some good material, especially of 
the smaller fossils. Mr. and Mrs. William M. Rice, who own the pit, 
and Mrs. George Webb, a neighbor, donated examples of the rarer 
species. 

For a month beginning late in April, Dr. Cooper was occupied 
in a revisionary study of the stratigraphy of the Glass Mountains 
in the vicinity of Marathon, Tex. He was assisted by Dr. Richard 
Grant, of the U.S. Geological Survey, and John L. Carter, museum 
technician. The trip took them to a number of places not heretofore 
visited by geologists and accessible only with great difficulty. The 
objective was to verify new views on Glass Mountains stratigraphy 
which had been developed as a result of work done on the brachiopods 
therefrom. 

Dr. Cooper and his party spent a day at the end of May in the 
Chinati Mountains south of Marfa, Tex., looking for certain types 
of fossils reported to occur in that locality. From here they went 
to Van Horn, Tex., which they used as a base for forays into the 
Sierra Diablo, Guadalupe, and Apache Mountains. 

Early in September, Edward P. Henderson, associate curator of 
mineralogy and petrology, and Roy S. Clarke, Jr., analytical chemist, 
attended an informal conference in the British Museum (Natural His- 
tory) on methods of chemical analysis of meteorites. Before and after 
the meeting they inspected the museum’s collections of meteorites and 
tektites and conferred with staff members about problems of organiza- 
tion, equipment, and scientific procedure. 

In the Netherlands, Messrs. Henderson and Clarke visited the Uni- 
versity of Utrecht and Prof. G. H. R. von Koenigswald, who has one 
of the world’s finest tektite collections. Arrangements were made with 
him for an exchange. In Mainz, Germany, they discussed mutual 
problems with the staff of the Max Planck Institute. Dr. H. Wanke 
of the institute showed them a new shipment of tektites from which 


SECRETARY’S REPORT . 49 


he generously proffered a selection of interesting and unusual speci- 
mens. A visit also was made to the University of Heidelberg. 

Mr. Clarke then returned home by way of England, stopping again 
at the British Museum, while Mr. Henderson continued on to Copen- 
hagen, where he studied the meteorite collection in the Danish National 
Museum and arranged to exchange Philippine tektites for much- 
needed moldavites. He also spent 2 days with Dr. Vagn Buchwald, 
metallurgist with the Laboratory of Metals in Copenhagen, who is 
working on some specimens that were described from Smithsonian 
collections. 

Back in England early in October, Mr. Henderson visited Dr. H. J. 
Axon of the department of metallurgy, University of Manchester, who 
also is working on specimens that have been studied in our laboratory. 
Next, he called on the York firm of Cooke, Troughton & Simms which 
made the metallograph used in our laboratory. Besides giving Mr. 
Henderson expert advice on the care and use of the instrument, mem- 
bers of the firm offered to make pictures of one of the meteorites he 
had with him. 

A collecting party from the division of invertebrate paleontology, 
consisting of Dr. R. S. Boardman, curator; Dr. F. M. Hueber, asso- 
ciate curator; Dr. J. Utgaard, research associate; and F. J. Collier, 
museum specialist, went to western New York State for 3 weeks late 
in May. Following a reconnaissance of the Hamilton strata in the 
Cayuga Lake region, Drs. Boardman and Utgaard and Mr. Collier 
went on to Lockport, leaving Dr. Hueber at Cornell University to 
study paleobotanical collections housed there. In the Lockport area 
they obtained large numbers of Silurian Bryozoa which will enable 
reevaluation and statistical analysis of many species. Dr. Hueber 
rejoined the group at Batavia, where detailed collecting of the Hamil- 
ton strata was undertaken. As the party moved eastward to the Fin- 
ger Lakes region, they made extensive collections of Bryozoa from 
many localities at several stratigraphic intervals. A few fossil plant 
specimens were obtained which are considered especially important in 
taxonomic and morphologic interpretations. After Dr. Boardman re- 
turned to Washington, the rest of the party continued the stratigraphic 
reconnaissance and detailed collecting eastward to the Ithaca area. 
The entire trip resulted in approximately half a ton of specimens, 
most of which fall into groups previously poorly represented in the 
collections. 

Late in October, Dr. Richard Cifelli, associate curator of inverte- 
brate paleontology, obtained material for his study of the distribution 
of planktonic Foraminifera in the North Atlantic during the 2-week 
cruise of the R/V Crawford from Woods Hole, Mass. He collected 


50 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


28 plankton samples on a track from Cape Cod to the vicinity of Puerto 
Rico to Bermuda. 

For another scientific cruise beginning late in March, Dr. Cifelli 
joined the R/V Chain at Recife, Brazil, as a participant in the Inter- 
national Tropical Atlantic Ocean Expedition. Of particular interest 
to Dr. Cifelli were the nearly 100 plankton hauls collected which he 
will examine for Foraminifera in connection with his long-range pro- 
gram to study the relationship between the distribution of surficial 
planktonic Foraminifera and oceanic circulation in the North At- 
lantic. Also of importance for the study of Foraminifera were the 
12 piston long-cores and numerous bottom sediment samples collected 
from the abyssal plain, continental slope, Orinoco shelf, and the Gulf 
of Paria. 

In June and July Dr. Erle G. Kauffman, associate curator of inver- 
tebrate paleontology, and F. J. Collier, museum specialist, spent 6 
weeks completing a biostratigraphic study of the lower Colorado group 
along the Front Range of the Colorado Rockies, tracing faunal zones, 
refining the zonation by use of ammonites and pelecypods, and tracing 
disconformities and facies change. They were able to tie in 60 detailed 
stratigraphic sections along the Front Range and to correlate them 
with others in northern New Mexico and southern Wyoming, as well 
as with others in the intermontane parks of the middle Rockies. Ap- 
proximately 4,000 specimens were collected, predominantly pelecypods 
and ammonites. 

While studying at the U.S. Geological Survey offices in Denver, 
Colo., during October, Dr. Kauffman spent two weekends in the vicinity 
of Colorado Springs collecting from previously measured Upper Cre- 
taceous sediments. This resulted in the addition of approximately 
300 well-preserved pelecypods and ammonites to the collections. 

A number of short excursions to the Upper Cretaceous outcrops of 
Maryland were undertaken by Dr. Kauffman and Dr. Norman Sohl, 
of the U.S. Geological Survey, as part of a continuing restudy of this 
rich but incompletely known fauna. Large collections from near 
Brightseat, Md., include many species, particularly gastropods, never 
before reported in the Middle Atlantic Coast Cretaceous. 

Late in August Dr. Nicholas Hotton ITI, associate curator of ver- 
tebrate paleontology, and James W. Kitching, research associate on 
leave from the Bernice Price Institute in Johannesburg, South Africa, 
journeyed to the Appalachian Mountains in search of field occurrences 
of middle and late Paleozoic vertebrate-bearing deposits. In quarries 
of the Greer Limestone Co., at Greer, W. Va., they collected 
partial skeletons, including one skull, of at least two amphibians from 
outcrops of the Greenbriar limestone (Mississippian). While in this 
area they examined beds above and below the Greenbriar outcrop 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 51 


along the valley of Stranger Creek but found no fossils. A Greenbriar 
quarry at Terra Alta, W. Va., also yielded no results, but one at Fair- 
~ chance, Pa., yielded scraps of fossil fishes. 

On September 6, Dr. Hotton, Mr. Kitching, and Gerald R. Paulson, 
museum technician, went to Chalk Point, in nearby Maryland, to col- 
lect the skeleton of a whale discovered during excavation for a facility 
of the Potomac Electric Power Co. ‘The deposits at Chalk Point are 
assigned to the Calvert formation, of late Miocene age. The specimen 
turned out to be a squalodont whale that was about 15 feet long during 
life; the amount of wear shown by the teeth indicates that the indi- 
vidual was very old when it died. As recovered, the specimen consists 
of a large part of the lower jaw, a number of vertebrae, ribs, loose 
teeth, a scapula, and a complete flipper in good articulation. ‘The find 
is significant as a locality record, and anatomically because of the 
excellent preservation of the flipper. The degree of wear on the teeth 
is interesting from the viewpoint of function. 

Dr. Hotton and Mr. Kitching conducted October fieldwork in sev- 
eral western States and in a variety of formations ranging in age from 
Permian to Oligocene. These include the White River Oligocene and 
Pierre Cretaceous of South Dakota and Wyoming; the Permian, 
Triassic, and Paleocene of New Mexico; and the Permian and Trias- 
sic of Texas. The most spectacular result of the trip was the dis- 
covery of an untouched pocket of vertebrates in the lower Permian 
along West Coffee Creek, Baylor County, Tex., which yielded four 
complete skeletons and five additional skulls of various amphibians 
and reptiles, plus a considerable amount of material of an as yet 
undetermined nature. These specimens represent a good portion of 
the fauna of the lower Permian of the United States. Most of them 
have been forwarded to the Bernard Price Institute for Paleontolog- 
ical Research, in Johannesburg, South Africa, in partial reciprocity 
for the excellent Beaufort material from South Africa that Mr. 
Kitching’s help and the good offices of the institute enabled Dr. Hot- 
ton to collect. 

Howard I. Chapelle, curator of transportation in the Museum of 
History and Technology, made brief trips to Madrid and Barcelona, 
Spain, during December and May to examine the construction of a full- 
size replica of Columbus’s flagship Santa Maria and to check the prog- 
ress of a scale model to be donated to the Smithsonian. The research 
for this project of reconstruction has been carried on by Captain de 
Corbita J. M. Marinez-Hidalgo, S.N., director of the Maritime Mu- 
seum in Barcelona, who previously had done similar research on a 
Spanish galley of the post-Lepanto period and for a caravel, specifical- 
ly the Pinta. The Maritime Museum is located in an ancient galley 
yard built before the battle of Lepanto (1571). The original stone 


o2 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


galley slips and sheds remain and are restored and utilized for mu- 
seum halls. Interestingly, the launching ends of the slips are now 
about a block from the water. 

On his way to attend the 18th International Congress of the History 
of Medicine, held in Warsaw and Krakow, Poland, during September, 
Dr. Sami Hamarneh, acting curator of medical sciences, sought in- 
formation in his fields of interest through visits to the British Mu- 
seum, the Wellcome Medical Library and Museum, the British 
Pharmaceutical Society, and a number of institutions in Poland. 

In order to collect further data on the life of Frederick Carder, the 
Englishman who came to America early in this century and estab- 
lished the Steuben Glass Works, Paul V. Gardner, curator of ceramics 
and glass, made several visits to Corning, N.Y., where Mr. Carder is 
living, and to various institutions where examples of Carder’s work 
are preserved. 

From mid-August to mid-October Jacob Kainen, curator of graphic 
arts, was in Kurope gathering material for an exhibition on typog- 
raphy and doing research for his study of the Dutch engraver 
Hendrick Goltzius (1558-1617). He obtained typographical material 
from Monotype House, Ltd., London, and consulted with technicians 
and historians in London, Haarlem, and Brussels. Also he conducted 
research in various museums in London, Amsterdam, Rotterdam, 
Utrecht, Brussels, Paris, Venice, Florence, Rome, Milan, Parma, and 
Madrid. 

John N. Pearce, assistant curator of cultural history, with Richard 
J. Muzzrole, archeological aide, in October, participated in a 10-day 
archeological investigation of the site of John Frederick Amelung’s 
“New Bremen Glass Manufactory.” This, the first major glassmaking 
enterprise in the American Republic, was operated between 1785 and 
1795 in Frederick County, Md. The excavations were sponsored by 
the Corning Museum of Glass with the collaboration of the Smith- 
sonian Institution. Ivor Noél Hume, honorary research curator, who 
is chief archeologist of Colonial Williamsburg, Inc., was director of 
excavations, and Paul N. Perrot, director of the Corning Museum, was 
executive director of the project. With the evidence of structures and 
artifacts thus far revealed, it 1s expected that the results will con- 
tribute significantly to knowledge of 18th-century glassmaking in 
America as well as yielding particular information about this influen- 
tial primary source of American glassmaking skills. 

In November and again in December Mr. Pearce worked with mem- 
bers of the Maryland Archeological Society in excavations on the 
Morgan pottery site in Baltimore, a site which dates from the late 
colonial period. They were fortunate to find in one pit a layer rich 
with pottery sherds (possibly a working floor) between the undis- 


SECRETARY'S REPORT 53 


turbed subsoil and a sealing layer of relatively clean sand, presumably 
fill. Very few pottery fragments other than those of local stoneware 
were found in the test-hole portion of this layer, but all of those which 
were found were datable as within the period of operation of the 
pottery (1794-18387). 

Mr. Pearce and Mr. Muzzrole also conducted archeological excava- 
tions during May on the site of the early 18th-century City Tavern 
building in Annapolis. In locating the major foundation they identi- 
fied four (possibly five) periods of building and found builder’s 
trenches of about 1780 containing cultural materials which after study 
will make quite accurate dating possible. 

At the beginning of the year, through the courtesy of EK. B. Tucker 
and the government of Bermuda, Mendel L. Peterson, head curator of 
Armed Forces history, and Alan B. Albright, museum technician, 
collected a number of significant artifacts from underwater sites in 
the Bermuda reefs dating from 1595 through 1838. The earliest site 
yielded a rare pewter porringer. The site of the San Antonio, a 
Spanish ship which sank in 1621, yielded more ordnance materials and 
traces of trade goods. The site of the Hagle, a Virginia Company 
ship which went down in 1658, produced clay pipes, a soapstone bullet 
mold, and a solid iron shot for the ship’s main battery. The site of 
L’Herminie, a French frigate which sank in 1838, was extensively 
explored, and from it were collected glass and unmarked porcelain 
from the wardroom services and a collection of perfect bottles, in- 
cluding those for brandy, wine, oil, and clarified olive oil, with the 
seal of the merchant. 

Frank A. Taylor, director, attended the Sixth General Conference 
of the International Council of Museums at The Hague, July 2-11, 
1963, where he was elected president of the International Committee 
of ICOM for Museums of Science and Technology. He visited mu- 
seums in Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Holland, and England. 


EXHIBITIONS 


Highlights in the exhibits program during the year were the re- 
opening of three large halls of modernized exhibits in the Museum of 
Natural History and the beginning of the installation of exhibits in 
the new Museum of History and Technology. With the opening of 
the second hall of North American archeology, the hall of life in the 
sea, and the hall of dinosaurs and fossil reptiles, all but three of the 
galleries on the first floor of the Museum of Natural History have now 
been modernized. At the end of the year installation of exhibits in 
four halls of the new Museum of History and Technology began 
while the construction of exhibits continued. Exhibit units for 15 of 
the halls in the new museum were prepared. 

707-317—68—_5 


54 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


The new hall of North American archeology includes 38 modernized 
displays. An introductory section of several units explains the ob- 
jectives and dating methods of systematic archeology; most of the 
rest of the hall is devoted to displays of the cultures of Indian groups 
in various regions of the United States. Curator Waldo R. Wedel 
prepared the scripts and selected the specimens for this hall with the 
expert assistance of Dr. C. G. Holiand and Dr. W. A. Ritchie. The 
hall was designed by Ray Hayes and Mrs. Barbara Craig. 

Plans for the layout of the new hall of Old World archeology were 
completed by associate curator Gus Van Beek and exhibits designer 
R. O. Hower. This gallery will present a synopsis of Old World cul- 
tural history from earliest times to the end of the Roman Era. 

Contract renovation for the new hall of physical anthropology began 
on March 30. Exhibits designer Joseph Shannon and director T. D. 
Stewart, while still head curator of the department of anthropology, 
completed the plan for the new hall layout and the arrangement of 
cases. Dr. Stewart prepared detailed scripts for 14 of the exhibits and 
Dr. Angel completed the specifications for a large map of the peoples 
of the world. 

The new hall entitled “Life in the Sea” was officially opened to the 
public in February. The most impressive single exhibit here is the 
life-size blue whale prepared under the direction of Dr. Remington 
Kellogg, recently retired Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian 
Institution. Other mammals depicted include the sea otter, several 
kinds of porpoises, and five other species of whales. A group of six 
jellyfishes and comb-jellies is shown by means of eight superimposed 
reverse-carved sheets of Plexiglas; side lighting provides very life- 
like qualities. A central alcove in the hall will eventually display 
deep-sea views, but an exceptionally fine temporary exhibit now oc- 
cupies this space. In each of the openings in the alcove, shells are 
presented in a gemlike display which attracts much favorable atten- 
tion, Among the other temporary installations is an exhibit of 137 
species of mollusks found in Polynesia, the Eastern Pacific region, 
and along our Atlantic coast. This and the other temporary exhibits 
in the hall will be replaced as rapidly as the permanent exhibit ma- 
terials can be installed. The hall has been developed under the direc- 
tion of Dr. Fenner A. Chace, Jr., in cooperation with exhibits de- 
signers Thomas Baker, Chris Karras, and Gorman Bond. 

Construction in the halls of comparative osteology and cold-blooded 
vertebrates was virtually completed at the end of the year. Most of 
the bird and small-mammal skeletons to be exhibited in the hall of 
osteology were cleaned and restored by Leonard Blush of the taxi- 
dermy staff. Dr. Leonard P. Schultz is directing the development of 
the hall of cold-blooded vertebrates, and scripts for more than half 


SECRETARY'S REPORT __ 55 


of the units have been prepared. Several casts of fishes were repaired, 
and one cast of a record-size 12-foot white sturgeon was produced by 
John Widener for the case on ancient fishes. This cast was prepared 
from a specimen obtained through the cooperation of Dr. Murray A. 
Newman, curator of the Vancouver Public Aquarium. 

All curators in the department of zoology participated in the plan- 
ning and development of a temporary exhibit entitled “Zoology in 
the Smithsonian Institution” for viewing during the XVI Interna- 
tional Congress of Zoology, meeting in Washington during August 
1963. 

A detailed statement of the purpose and scale for each unit in the 
future hall of plant life was prepared as a basis for more precise 
planning of the exhibits in this large gallery. Specifications for 
models in the rainforest life group were prepared and some of the 
models made. Early in 1963 a field party spent 5 weeks in the desert 
of Baja California, Mexico, collecting data and materials for the 
construction of a desert life group. Dr. R. S. Cowan, assistant di- 
rector for the Museum of Natural History, led the party and served 
as technical adviser and photographer; Paul Marchand and Vernon R. 
Rickman worked together to prepare models, molds, sketches, and 
other exhibit items. The work of the field party was greatly facili- 
tated by the use of the Vermilion Sea Field Station maintained on 
the east coast of the peninsula by the San Diego Natural History 
Museum. 

The large modernized hall of dinosaurs and other fossil reptiles was 
opened to the public in June. The dominance of the dinosaurs in the 
terrestrial fauna of the Age of Reptiles is illustrated by displays rep- 
resenting all major groups of dinosaurs. Examples range in size 
from one which had an arm bone 6 feet long to a tiny beast with a 
thigh bone smaller than that of a chicken. Many of the specimens 
were collected during the early U.S. Geological Survey explorations 
associated with the opening of the West between 1870 and 1895. Also 
displayed in this hall are reptiles from which mammals evolved. 
These animals apparently were never abundant in the United States, 
and the exhibited fossils were collected recently in South Africa. 
The displays of fossil reptiles are related to exhibits of fossil inverte- 
brates, fishes, and mammals in adjoining halls, so that the visitor can 
follow the history of life from its earliest traces almost to the present. 
Dr. Nicholas Hotton ITT, associate curator of vertebrate paleontology, 
planned the exhibits for the hall with the assistance of exhibits de- 
signers Ann Karras and Barbara Craig. Preparation has begun on 
four dioramas for exhibit on the balcony in the hall of dinosaurs. 
Using the scale of 1 inch to 1 foot, Jay N. Matternes and Norman 
Deaton will prepare these dioramas to depict land vertebrates of the 


56 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


Upper Triassic, the Upper Jurassic, and the Upper Cretaceous, and 
the sea vertebrates of the Upper Cretaceous. Mr. Matternes com- 
pleted the third mural painting, for the age of mammals hall, which 
depicts terrestrial life during the Oligocene in North America. Speci- 
fications were prepared for the fourth mural in the hall which will 
represent animal assemblages in the Pliocene Epoch. 

Eight new exhibits to be displayed in the halls of medicine, den- 
tistry, and pharmacy in the new Museum of History and Technology 
were temporarily installed in the gallery of medical sciences in the 
Arts and Industries Building; these include units on the develop- 
ment of the microscope, medical and dental equipment, and crude 
drugs. Exhibits planned or prepared to portray various phases of the 
history of medicine include a diorama showing the performance of 
an operation in about the year 1805, the corner of a ward in the Mas- 
sachusetts General Hospital as it appeared in 1875, and a dental office 
in Illinois during the period 1912-20. Most of the units have now been 
designed and produced for these halls under the direction of Dr. Sami 
K. Hamarneh. 

Exhibits for the hall of tools, planned by curator Silvio A. Bedini 
in cooperation with exhibits designer Harry Hart, neared completion 
in the exhibits laboratory. Displays of the handtools of the black- 
smith, cooper, wheelwright, pump log maker, and woodworking trades 
were in the designing stage. In mid-June artist R. McGill Mackall 
of Baltimore installed the first unit in the new hall of tools—a large 
background painting showing skilled workmen fabricating marine 
propellers. An exhibit of a mid-19th-century machine shop was 
moved to the new building and will be erected early in the summer. 

The production of exhibits for the civil-engineering hall neared 
completion with the construction of a series of wooden arches illustrat- 
ing the American, Austrian, and English systems of tunnel timbering. 
The Bethelhem Steel Co. fabricated especially for this hall a cast- 
iron tunnel segment 10 feet in diameter, such as is used for lining 
tunnels through soft soil. The technical direction of this hall is 
the responsibility of associate curator Robert M. Vogel, with exhibits 
designers John Brown and Harry Hart providing the design of in- 
dividual exhibits. 

Tn preparation for developing the exhibits in the future hall of elec- 
tricity, associate curator Bernard Finn made a study of the electrical 
exhibits in the museums of Europe. Substantial progress was made 
in the design of exhibits in the first third of the hall, devoted to wired 
communications and power. 

At the end of the year, the Pioneer locomotive of 1851 joined the 
historic engines, coaches, and streetcars now assembled in the railroad 
hall in the new Museum of History and Technology. These large, 


SECRETARY'S REPORT 57 


_ full-scale exhibits will be complemented by a series of models and 
specimens of equipment which will trace the history of railroads and 
street railways in the United States. Associate curator John H. White 
and exhibits designer Virginia Mahoney collaborated in the develop- 
ment and design of this hall. 

Curator Paul VY. Gardner is revising his plans for the hall of ce- 
ramics in order to include important specimens received during the 
year. Recently acquired 18th-century German and English porce- 
lains, from several donors, were placed on exhibition in the Museum 
of Natural History. 

The American Petroleum Institute continued to render valuable 
assistance in the planning of exhibits for the new hall of petroleum. 
A model of the first fluid catalytic cracking plant, which began opera- 
tion at Baton Rouge, La., in May 1942 to produce high-octane gasoline 
for the United States and its allies in World War II, was placed on 
exhibit in the present petroleum hall. 

The 50th anniversary of the establishment of the collection of dresses 
of the First Ladies of the White House was marked by the instal- 
lation of the Inaugural Ball gown and cape of Mrs. John F. Kennedy. 
The project of making the mannequins of the First Ladies appear more 
lifelike has continued. The application of natural flesh tints to the 
features of more than half of the group has been completed. 

Exhibits for the hall of historic Americans, planned by curator 
Wilcomb E. Washburn in cooperation with exhibits designer Robert 
Widder, were nearing completion at the end of the year. Assistant 
curator Anne W. Murray continued to direct the fitting of historic 
women’s dresses and men’s suits on the mannequins to be exhibited in 
the hall of American costume. A series of 4 introductory panels has 
been designed and 15 exhibits completed for this hall. 

The exhibits in the cultural history hall in the Museum of Natural 
History were dismantled for transfer to the new Museum of History 
and Technology. The woodwork and fireplaces of the period rooms 
were carefully disassembled and moved to the new building. Twenty- 
five exhibits have been produced for the new hall of everday life in 
the American past, among them a series of units illustrating the 
influences upon early American home furnishings of cultural ele- 
ments imported by Spanish, French, British, Dutch, Flemish, Ger- 
man, and Scandinavian settlers. Installation of this hall is under 
the direction of curator C. Malcolm Watkins, and exhibits chief John 
EK. Anglim designed the exhibits with the assistance of Deborah 
Bretzfelder. 

A difficult operation was successfully accomplished with the re- 
moval of Horatio Greenough’s statue of George Washington from the 
chapel of the Smithsonian Building to the central corridor of the 


58 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


second floor of the Museum of History and Technology, where it 
stands at the entrance to the series of halls which will interpret the 
growth of the United States. Exhibits scripts for three of the five 
halls illustrating this growth were prepared by associate curator Peter 
Welsh in collaboration with Dr. Anthony N. B. Garvan, chairman of 
the Department of American Civilization, University of Pennsylvania. 
Exhibits designers Robert Widder and Nadya Kayaloff prepared de- 
tailed designs for many of the units in the two halls of this series. 
George Watson restored an 18-century Pennsylvania waterwheel and 
gear-train which will illustrate the ingenuity and skill of the colonial 
millwright and demonstrate the use and transmission of power in his 
time. 

The production of exhibits for the hall of philately was begun, 
and 18 units have been completed. Associate curator Francis J. 
McCall and assistant curator Carl H. Scheele prepared the scripts 
for several series of exhibits in the hall devoted to the history of 
postal services in this country and abroad, methods of postal trans- 
portation, mail metering devices, and the design and production of 
U.S. stamps. Exhibits designer John Clendening is preparing the 
detailed layouts for these units. 

The history of the Armed Forces of the United States in war and 
peace is the subject of a series of exhibits in the new Museum of His- 
tory and Technology; curator of military history Edgar M. Howell, 
curator of naval history Philip K. Lundeberg, and associate curator 
of naval history Melvin H. Jackson continued to write scripts and 
provide technical supervision for the design and production of these 
exhibits. A striking series of models of militarily historic ships 
was produced during the year. Other exhibits produced depict the 
role of the Army in the Mexican War, in frontier service during the 
middle 19th century, and in the Civil War, and the service of the 
Navy in the Mexican and Civil Wars. Exhibits designer Fred Craig 
designed the units for these halls. 

Design and production of exhibit units for the hall of ordnance 
are largely completed. Associate curator Craddock H. Goins sup- 
plied technical direction for the exhibits, the design of which was 
contributed by exhibits designer John Brown. Among these is in- 
cluded an interpretation of the interchangeable-parts system of man- 
ufacturing, a significant development in the history of firearms. 
Other units trace the development of naval artillery and naval guns 
and relate the history of tanks and armored warfare. Dr. Lundeberg 
prepared detailed specifications for those units concerned with the 
original Continental gunboat Philadelphia, which include original 
items of equipment recovered with the gunboat itself from the waters 
of Lake Champlain and graphic materials which help to explain 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 59 


the battle of Valcour Island on October 11, 1776, in which this gun- 
boat participated. 

Mr. Howell continued supervision of the preparation of the Star- 
Spangled Banner for exhibition in the central rotunda of the new 
building. Skilled seamstresses have sewed tapes to the flag backing 
to support this great national treasure in its new location. 

Following his appointment to the directorship of the Museum of 
Natural History, Dr. T. Dale Stewart assumed the chairmanship 
of the committee coordinating and supervising the modernization of 
exhibits in natural history; he also continued planning and develop- 
ment of the new hall of physical anthropology. In addition to plan- 
ning for the future hall of plant life, Dr. R. S. Cowan, assistant 
director, coordinated the work of the curators and the exhibits staff 
involved in preparing exhibits for the Museum of Natural History. 

Exhibits chief John E. Anglim continued in charge of the planning 
and preparation of al] exhibits and directly supervised the operation 
of the exhibit laboratory in the Natural History Building. In June, 
A. Gilbert Wright joined the staff of that laboratory to assist in its 
supervision. Julius Tretick supervised the production and installation 
of natural history exhibits. 

The installation of exhibits in four halls of the Museum of History 
and Technology was initiated late in the year. Exhibit units were 
prepared for 15 of the halls in the new museum during the past year, 
and 2 other halls were in the design stage. Assistant director John 
C. Ewers continued to coordinate the work of curators and exhibits 
staffs for the new museum. Benjamin W. Lawless supervised the 
design and production of exhibits for this museum, as well as the 
preparation of additional displays for the Air and Space Building. 
He was assisted by Bela S. Bory in production, Robert Klinger in 
the model shop, and Robert Widder in design. Carroll Lusk entered 
on duty as exhibits lighting specialist in January. The editing of 
the curators’ drafts of exhibits scripts was continued by George 
Weiner, with the assistance of Constance Minkin and Edna Wright. 


DOCENT SERVICE 


For the ninth consecutive year the Junior League of Washington 
continued its volunteer docent program, conducting school classes 
from the greater Washington area through the Smithsonian museums. 
The program was carried out through the cooperation of curator G. 
Carrol Lindsay, Smithsonian Museum Service, with Mrs. Vernon 
Knight, chairman of the League’s docent committee, and Mrs. Dickson 
R. Loos, cochairman. Mrs. Loos will serve as chairman for the 
forthcoming year, with Mrs. Arnold B. McKinnon as cochairman. 


60 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


During the 1962-63 school year 22,393 children were conducted 
on 783 tours, representing an increase of 8 percent over the previous 
year’s participation. Since the beginning of the tour program in 
1955, more than 100,000 schoolchildren have been guided through 
Smithsonian museum halls by the Junior League docents. 

Tours were conducted in the halls of everyday life in America, 
Indians of the Americas, the world of mammals, and textiles, for 
grades 3 through 6; and in the halls of gems and minerals, and power 
machinery, for grades 5 through junior high school. Tours in the 
everyday life in early America hall stopped at the end of November so 
that the exhibit could be moved to the new Museum of History and 
Technology. The Junior League has guided approximately 22,500 
schoolchildren through this hall since it opened in 1957. To replace 
the early America tour, a new tour through the hall of the world of 
mammals was offered beginning January 14, 1963. Four tours each 
day, 5 days a week, were offered every half hour from 10 through 11:30 
a.m. in the halls of everyday life in early America, Indians of the 
Americas, and the world of mammals. Tours in the halls of gems and 
minerals, textiles, and power machinery were conducted on Monday 
through Friday at 10 and 11 a.m. 

Tours were conducted from October 1, 1962, through May 28, 1963, 
with the exception of the month of April 1963, when, as usual, tours 
were suspended because of the exceedingly heavy visitor traffic in all 
museum halls during the Easter and cherryblossom seasons. The 
great number of visitors to the Smithsonian museums during the early 
spring so overcrowd the exhibition halls that the school tours cannot 
be conducted satisfactorily. 

In addition to Mrs. Knight and Mrs. Loos, the members of the 
League’s docent committee were: 

Mrs. A. Stuart Baldwin, Mrs. Thad H. Brown, Jr., Mrs. Challen H. Caskie, Mrs. 
Thomas R. Cate, Mrs. Dean B. Cowie, Mrs, Henry M. deButts, Mrs. Lee M. Folger, 
Mrs. Rockwood Foster, Mrs. Clark Gearhart, Mrs. George Gerber, Mrs. Gilbert 
Grosvenor, Mrs. Robert H. Harwood, Mrs. Walter M. Johnson, Jr., Mrs. Charles 
J. Kelly, Jr., Mrs. Lansing Lamont, Mrs. J. H. Lasley, Mrs. Peter Macdonald, 
Mrs. John Manfuso, Jr., Mrs. Samuel D. Marsh, Mrs. Earnest May, Mrs. Alex- 
ander McClure, Mrs. Robert McCormick, Mrs. Arnold B. McKinnon, Mrs. H. 
Roemer McPhee, Jr., Mrs. William Minshall, Jr., Mrs. L. Edgar Prina, Mrs. Arthur 
W. Robinson, Mrs. Donald M. Rogers, Mrs. Robert E. Rogers, Mrs. W. James 
Sears, Mrs. Walter Slowinski, Mrs. Joseph Smith, Jr., Mrs. James H. Stallings, 
Jr., Mrs. BE. Tilman Stirling, Mrs. William R. Stratton, Mrs. Richard Wallis, and 
Mrs. Mark A. White. 

The Institution deeply appreciates the able and devoted efforts of 
these volunteers, whose services to the schools of the Washington area 
encourage effective use of the Smithsonian museum exhibits by teach- 
ers and students alike. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 61 


BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT 


During the year the new east wing of the Natural History Building 
was completed, and the department of geology and the divisions of 
birds and moilusks moved into their new quarters. For the first time 
in many years these units have adequate workrooms and laboratories 
as well as sufficient space in which to arrange the systematic reference 
collections for the most effective service to the scientists who employ 
these unduplicated materials in essential research. The contract for 
the construction of the west wing and the remaining required renova- 
tion of the existing building had not been awarded at the close of the 
year. 

In May 1963, the General Services Administration accepted a lim- 
ited area of the new Museum of History and Technology Building 
from the general contractor. Exhibits for a number of halls in this 
area have been moved to the building, and at the end of the year 
installations were proceeding in several halls concurrently. At the 
close of the year the construction of the building was estimated to be 
98 percent complete. 


CHANGES IN ORGANIZATION AND STAFF 


Upon the retirement of Dr. A. Remington Kellogg on October 31, 
1962, as director of the United States National Museum and as As- 
sistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, Dr. Albert C. Smith, 
then director of the Museum of Natural History, was appointed As- 
sistant Secretary. Frank A. Taylor became the director of the United 
States National Museum in addition to being director of the Museum 
of History and Technology. 

On March 26, 1963, Mr. Taylor received one of the 10 National Civil 
Service League’s career service awards for 1963. 

On November 1, 1962, Dr. T. Dale Stewart, head curator of an- 
thropology, became director of the Museum of Natural History. On 
December 9, 1962, Dr. Richard S. Cowan was appointed assistant di- 
rector of the Museum of Natural History. Dr. I. E. Wallen, formerly 
associated with the Atomic Energy Commission, was appointed assist- 
ant director for oceanography on August 5, 1962. 

During the fiscal year 1963, the following appointments were made 
to the scientific staff of the Museum of Natural History: Dr. Paul J. 
Spangler, associate curator of insects, on July 8; George E. Watson, 
assistant curator of birds, on August 6; Dr. Donald Duckworth, asso- 
ciate curator of insects, on August 19; Dr. Victor G. Springer, associ- 
ate curator of fishes, on August 28; Dr. J. Lawrence Angel, curator of 
physical anthropology, on September 4; Stanywn G. Shetler, assistant 
curator of phanerogams, on September 4; Dr. Harold EK. Robinson, 
associate curator of eryptogams, on October 15; Dr. Richard H. Eyde, 


62 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


associate curator of plant anatomy, on October 18; Dr. Francis M. 
Hueber, associate curator of invertebrate paleontology and paleo- 
botany, on November 1; Dr. Richard E. Norris, associate curator of 
cryptogams, on December 4; Dr. Stanley H. Weitzman, associate cura- 
tor of fishes, on January 2; Dr. Robert H. Gibbs, Jr., associate curator 
of fishes, on January 30; Dr. Marian H. Pettibone, associate curator 
of marine invertebrates, on March 4; Dr. Martin A. Buzas, associ- 
ate curator of invertebrate paleontology and paleobotany, on June 5; 
Dr. Herman A. Fehlmann, supervisor of the Smithsonian Oceano- 
graphic Sorting Center, on June 17; Dr. Raymond B. Manning, as- 
sociate curator of marine invertebrates, on June 24. 

Dr. David H. Dunkle was reinstated ‘n his position of associate 
curator of vertebrate paleontology on December 16, 1962, after an 
absence of 2 years with the U.S. Geological Survey on assignment to 
Pakistan. 

Dr. Marshall T. Newman, associate curator of physical anthropology 
since 1942, resigned on July 6, 1962, to accept a teaching position at 
Portland State College in Oregon. 

Dr. Robert E. Snodgrass, honorary collaborator since 1953 and one 
of the world’s leading scholars in insect anatomy and morphology, 
died September 4, 1962, at the age of 87. At the time of his death he 
was preparing a handbook of insect morphology for students. His 
major work, Principles of Insect Morphology, published in 1935, 
stands asa basic text in the field. On the occasion of his 84th birthday 
in 1959 a special volume of the Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 
entitled Studies in Invertebrate Morphology, was published in his 
honor. In 1961 he was awarded the Leidy Medal by the Academy of 
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 

Among the additions to the staff of the Museum of History and 
Technology were the appointments of Dr. Bernard S. Finn as asso- 
ciate curator in charge of the division of electricity on August 20, 
1962, and J. Jefferson Miller II as assistant curator in the division 
of ceramics and glass on September 17, 1962. Miss Barbara F. Bode 
was appointed junior curator in the division of numismatics on Sep- 
tember 24, 1962. A. Gilbert Wright became assistant chief of the 
Natural History Exhibits Laboratory on June 2, 1963, coming to the 
Smithsonian Institution from the National Park Service. 

George T. Turner, associate curator in the division of philately, left 
the Museum of History and Technology on March 1, 1963, and Dr. 
Charles O. Houston, Jr., associate curator in the division of manufac- 
tures and heavy industries, on March 8. Dr. Lester C. Lewis, curator 
of the division of physical sciences, resigned on April 12,1963. Joseph 
E. Rudmann of the office of head curator, department of science and 


SECRETARY’S REPORT _ 63 


technology, transferred to a position elsewhere, effective May 10, 
1963. 
Respectfully submitted. 
Frank A. Taytor, Director. 
Dr. LeonarD CARMICHAEL, 
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. 


Report on the 
International Exchange Service 


Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the activities 
of the International Exchange Service for the fiscal year ended June 
30, 1963: 

The original plan of organization of the Smithsonian Institution, 
presented to the Board of Regents by Joseph Henry in 1847, provided 
for a system of exchange of current Smithsonian publications which 
would afford the Smithsonian Institution the most ready means of en- 
tering into friendly relations and correspondence with all the learned 
societies in the world and of enriching the Smithsonian Library with 
the current transactions and proceedings of foreign institutions. 

When the first of the Smithsonian’s long series of scientific publica- 
tions was published, copies were sent to scientific and learned institu- 
tions in foreign countries. In return, the Smithsonian Institution 
received many valuable publications from foreign institutions. To 
continue this desirable international exchange of scientific informa- 
tion, the Smithsonian Institution appointed agents in a number of 
foreign countries to distribute the Smithsonian publications. In re- 
turn, these agents received publications from foreign organizations 
which were forwarded to the Smithsonian Institution. 

In 1851 the privilege of transmitting publications through the 
Smithsonian Institution to other countries, and to receive in return 
publications from foreign institutions, was offered to governmental 
agencies, learned societies, and individuals in the United States. This 
opportunity for wide distribution of scientific publications was eagerly 
grasped and the system grew rapidly. Thus began a Smithsonian 
service that has increased steadily in usefulness, and the quantity of 
material handled has increased from a few hundred packages of pub- 
lications transmitted in 1849 to more than a million packages during 
the last fiscal year. 

In 1867 Congress provided that copies of all documents thereafter 
printed by order of either House be placed at the disposal of the Joint 
Committee on the Library to be exchanged through the agency of 
the Smithsonian Institution. This was the first official recognition 
of the Smithsonian exchange system. In 1875 there began a series of 
international meetings which led to the adoption, in 1886, of the Brus- 
sels Convention for the international exchange of literary and scientific 


64 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 65 


publications, as well as for the exchange of governmental documents. 
The State Department requested the Smithsonian Institution to assume 
the responsibility of establishing in the United States a bureau of 
exchange to carry out the purposes of the Brussels Convention. The 
Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution agreed to accept this 
responsibility, and the Smithsonian Institution has continued to carry 
out these functions up to the present time. 

The work of the International Exchange Service serves as a means 
of developing and executing, in part, the broad and comprehensive 
objective of the Smithsonian Institution, “the diffusion of knowledge.” 
Over the years the operations of the Service have affected most bene- 
ficially the libraries of all learned institutions in the United States 
and have helped to promote the rapid growth of science through facili- 
tating the international exchange of ideas. Libraries throughout the 
world have been enriched by the publications received through the 
Service from many institutions in the United States and, in turn, the 
libraries of the United States have benefited from the publications 
received from the institutions in foreign countries. 

The Service operates in this manner: Libraries, scientific societies, 
educational institutions, and individuals in the United States who wish 
to transmit their publications through the Service to foreign countries, 
on exchange or as gifts, advise the International Exchange Service 
of the names and addresses of the foreign organizations to which 
they wish to transmit their publications, and the general character and 
approximate weight of the publications they wish to send. If the 
publications are accepted for transmission, packing and shipping in- 
structions are furnished the sender. The transportation charges to 
the Smithsonian Institution must be prepaid, but there is no charge 
to the sender for the cost of transportation from the Smithsonian In- 
stitution to the intended addressees. Publications transmitted through 
the Service must be packaged and addressed by the senders. 

Shipments of addressed packages of publications are received by the 
International Exchange Service from foreign exchange bureaus for 
distribution in the United States. These packages are forwarded to 
the domestic addressees whose names and addresses appear on the 
packages. Addressed packages of publications weighing 111,609 
pounds were received during the past year from foreign sources for 
distribution in the United States. 

Publications weighing 796,622 pounds were received by the Inter- 
national Exchange Service during the year from approximately 250 
domestic sources for transmission to intended recipients in over 100 
foreign countries. 

Packages of publications are mailed directly to the addressees in the 
countries that do not have exchange bureaus. During the past fiscal 


66 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


year the International Exchange Service mailed directly to the in- 
tended recipients in foreign countries addressed packages of publica- 
tions weighing 225,689 pounds, or 28 percent of the total poundage 
received, at a cost to the Smithsonian Institution of $51,604.18, or ap- 
proximately 23 cents per pound. 

The Service transmitted by ocean freight addressed packages of 
publications weighing 562,301 pounds, or 71 percent of the total pound- 
age received, to foreign exchange bureaus for distribution in their re- 
spective countries. The cost to the Smithsonian Institution for 
forwarding these publications was $33,843.44, or approximately 6 cents 
per pound. Listed below are the names of the foreign exchange bu- 
reaus to which the International Exchange Service forwards addressed 
packages of publications for distribution. 


LIST OF EXCHANGE SERVICES 


Austria: Austrian National Library, Vienna. 

Beitaium: Service des Wehanges Internationaux, Bibliothéque Royale de Bel- 
gique, Bruxelles. 

CuinA: National Central Library, Taipei, Taiwan. 

CZECHOSLOVAKIA: Bureau of International Exchanges, University Library, 
Prague. 


DENMARK: Institut Danois des Kchanges Internationaux, Bibliothéque Royale, 
Copenhagen. 

HKeyrrt: Government Press, Publications Office, Bulaq, Cairo. 

FINLAND: Library of the Scientific Societies, Helsinki. 

France: Service des Wchanges Internationaux, Bibliothéque Nationale, Paris. 

GERMANY (Hastern) : Deutsche Staatsbibliothek, Berlin. 

GERMANY (Western): Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bad Godesberg. 

Huncary: Service Hongrois des Hchanges Internationaux, Orszigos Széchenyi 
Konyvtar, Budapest. 

Inp1A: Government Printing and Stationery Office, Bombay. 

InpDoNESIA : Minister of Education, Djakarta. 

IsRAEL: Jewish National and University Library, Jerusalem. 

Iraty: Ufficio degli Scambi Internazionali, Ministero della Pubblica Istruzione, 
Rome. 

JAPAN: Division for Interlibrary Services, National Diet Library, Tokyo- 

Korea : Korean Library Association, Seoul. 

NETHERLANDS: International Hxchange Bureau of the Netherlands, Royal Li- 
brary, The Hague. 

New SoutH WALES: Public Library of New South Wales, Sydney. 

NEw ZEALAND: General Assembly Library, Wellington. 

Norway : Service Norvégien des changes Internationaux, Bibliothéque de 1’Uni- 
versité Royale, Oslo. 

PHILIPPINES: Bureau of Public Libraries, Department of Education, Manila. 

Potanpb: Service Polonais des Echanges Internationaux, Bibliothéque Nationale, 
Warsaw. 

PortueaL: Servico Portugués de Trocas Internacionais, Biblioteca Nacional, 
Lisbon. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 67 


QUEENSLAND: Bureau of International Exchange of Publications, Chief Secre- 
tary’s Office, Brisbane. 

RuMANIA: International Exchange Service, Biblioteca Centrala de Stat, Bu- 
charest. 

SoutH AUSTRALIA: South Australian Government Hxchanges Bureau, Govern- 
ment Printing and Stationery Office, Adelaide. 

Spain: Junta de Intercambio y Adquisicién de Libros y Revistas para Bibliote- 
cas Ptblicas, Ministerio de Educacioén Nacional, Madrid. 

SWEDEN : Kungliga Biblioteket, Stockholm. 

SwiTzeRLAND: Service Suisse des Echanges Internationaux, Bibliothéque Cen- 
trale Fédérale, Berne. 

TASMANIA: Secretary of the Premier, Hobart. 

TuRKEy : National Library, Ankara. 

Union or SoutH ArricaA: Government Printing and Stationery Office, Cape 
Town. 

UNION OF SoviET SocraAList REPUBLICS: Bureau of Book Exchange, State Lenin 
Library, Moscow. 

VicTorIA: State Library of Victoria, Melbourne. 

WESTERN AUSTRALIA: State Library, Perth. 

YUGOSLAVIA: Bibliografski Institut FNRJ, Belgrade. 


FOREIGN EXCHANGE OF GOVERNMENTAL DOCUMENTS 


In accordance with treaty stipulations, conventions, and other agree- 
ments made between the United States and various foreign countries 
for the mutual exchange of official publications, the Smithsonian Insti- 
tution transmits to the foreign recipients the official U.S. Govern- 
ment publications. The libraries that receive copies of all of the 
official publications are the recipients of the full sets of Government. 
documents. The libraries that receive a selected list are the recipients 
of the partial sets of Government documents. During the fiscal year 
632,922 pieces weighing 220,700 pounds were received by the Smith- 
sonian Institution for transmission to the recipients of the full sets, 
and 74,951 pieces weighing 34,834 pounds were received for transmis- 
sion to the recipients of the partial sets. 


RECIPIENTS OF THE FULL SETS 


ARGENTINA: Divisi6n Biblioteca, Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto, 
Buenos Aires. 
AUSTRALIA : Commonwealth National Library, Canberra. 
New SoutH WALES: Public Library of New South Wales, Sydney. 
QUEENSLAND: Parliamentary Library, Brisbane. 
SoutH AUSTRALIA: Public Library of South Australia, Adelaide. 
TASMANIA: Parliamentary Library, Hobart. 
VictToRIA: State Library of Victoria, Melbourne. 
WESTERN AUSTRALIA: State Library, Perth. 
Austria: Administrative Library, Federal Chancellery, Vienna. 
BELGIUM: Service Belge des Hchanges Internationaux, Bruxelles. 
Brazi.: Biblioteca Nacional, Rio de Janeiro. 
BurMa: Government Book Depot, Rangoon. 


See footnotes, p. 72. 


68 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


CanapDA: Library of Parliament, Ottawa. 
MANITOBA: Provincial Library, Winnipeg. 
OnTARIO: Legislative Library, Toronto. 
QuEBEC : Library of the Legislature of the Province of Quebec. 
SASKATCHEWAN : Legislative Library, Regina.* 
CryLon: Department of Information, Government of Ceylon, Colombo. 
CHILE: Biblioteca Nacional, Santiago. 
Cuina: National Central Library, Taipei, Taiwan. 
National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan. 
CoLOoMBIA: Biblioteca Nacional, Bogota. 
Costa Rica: Biblioteca Nacional, San José. 
CusBa: Direccion de Organismos Internacionales, Ministerio de Relaciones Hx- 
teriores, Habana. 
CZECHOSLOVAKIA: University Library, Prague. 
DenMaRK: Institut Danois des Echanges Internationaux, Copenhagen. 
HEeypet: Bureau des Publications, Ministére des Finances, Cairo. 
FINLAND: Parliamentary Library, Helsinki. 
FRANCE: Bibliothéque Nationale, Paris. 
GERMANY: Deutsche Staatsbibliothek, Berlin. 
Free University of Berlin, Berlin-Dahlem. 
Parliamentary Library, Bonn. 
GREAT BRITAIN : 
British Museum, London. 
London School of Economics and Political Science. (Depository of the 
London County Council.) 
InpIA: National Library, Calcutta. 
Central Secretariat Library, New Delhi. 
Parliament Library, New Delhi. 
INDONESIA: Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Djakarta. 
IRELAND: National Library of Ireland, Dublin. 
IsRAEL: State Archives and Library, Hakirya, Jerusalem. 
Iraty: Ministero della Pubblica Istruzione, Rome. 
JAPAN: National Diet Library, Tokyo.’ 
Mexico: Secretaria de Relaciones Exteriores, Departamento de Informacion 
para el Extranjero, México, D.F. 
NETHERLANDS: Royal Library, The Hague. 
NrEw ZEALAND: General Assembly Library, Wellington. 
Norway: Utenriksdepartmentets Bibliothek, Oslo. 
Prru: Seccién de Propaganda y Publicaciones, Ministerio de Relaciones Ex- 
teriores, Lima. 
PHILIPPINES: Bureau of Public Libraries, Department of Hducation, Manila. 
PorTUGAL: Biblioteca Nacional, Lisbon. 
SPAIN: Biblioteca Nacional, Madrid. 
SWEDEN: Kungliga Biblioteket, Stockholm. 
SWITZERLAND: Bibliothéque Centrale Fédérale, Berne. 
TURKEY: National Library, Ankara. 
UNION oF SoutH Arrica: State Library, Pretoria, Transvaal. 
UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS: All-Union Lenin Library, Moscow. 
UNITED NATIONS: Library of the United Nations, Geneva, Switzerland. 
Urvueuay: Oficina de Canje Internacional de Publicaciones, Montevideo. 
VENEZUELA: Biblioteca Nacional, Caracas. 
YucGosLavIA: Bibliografski Institut FNRJ, Belgrade.’ 


See footnotes, p. 72. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 69 


RECIPIENTS OF THE PARTIAL SETS 


AFGHANISTAN: Library of the Afghan Academy, Kabul. 
BELGIUM: Bibliothéque Royale, Bruxelles. 
Bottvi1A: Biblioteca del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto, La Paz. 
BraAziL: MINAS GERAIS: Departmento Hstadul de Hstatistica, Belo Horizonte. 
BritisH GUIANA: Government Secretary’s Office, Georgetown, Demerara. 
CamsBopia: Les Archives et Bibliotheque Nationale, Phnom-Penh.' 
CANADA: 

ALBERTA: Provincial Library, Edmonton. 

BRITISH COLUMBIA: Provincial Library, Victoria. 

NEw BRuNSWICK: Legislative Library, Fredericton. 

NEWFOUNDLAND: Department of Provincial Affairs, St. John’s. 

Nova Scotia: Provincial Secretary of Nova Scotia, Halifax. 
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Biblioteca de la Universidad de Santo Domingo, Santo 

Domingo. 

Eovuapor: Biblioteca Nacional, Quito. 
Et SALVADOR: 

Biblioteca Nacional, San Salvador. 

Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, San Salvador. 
GreEEoE: National Library, Athens. 
GUATEMALA: Biblioteca Nacional, Guatemala. 
Hartr: Bibliothéque Nationale, Port-au-Prince. 
HONDURAS: 

Biblioteca Nacional, Tegucigalpa. 

Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Tegucigalpa. 
IcELAND: National Library, Reykjavik. 
INDIA: 

BomBay: Sachivalaya Central Library, Bombay.’ 

BriHAR: Revenue Department, Patna. 

KERALA: Kerala Legislature Secretariat, Trivandrum. 

UTTAR PRADESH : 

University of Allahabad, Allahabad. 
Secretariat Library, Lucknow. 
WEST BENGAL: Library, West Bengal Legislative Secretariat, Assembly 
House, Calcutta. 

IRAN: Imperial Ministry of Education, Tehran. 
Traq: Public Library, Baghdad. 
JAMAICA: 

Colonial Secretary, Kingston. 

University College of the West Indies, St. Andrew. 
LEBANON: American University of Beirut, Beirut. 
LIBERIA: Department of State, Monrovia. 
MatLaya: Federal Secretariat, Federation of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur. 
Matta: Minister for the Treasury, Valletta. 
NICARAGUA: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Managua. 
PAKISTAN: Central Secretariat Library, Karachi. 
PANAMA: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Panama. 
PaRAGuay: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Seccién Biblioteca, Asuncién. 
PHILIPPINES: House of Representatives, Manila. 
ScotLanp: National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh. 


See footnotes, p. 72. 
707—317—_63——_6 


70 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


SINGAPORE: Chief Secretary, Government Offices, Singapore. 

Supan: Gordon Memorial College, Khartoum. 

THAILAND: National Library, Bangkok. 

VIETNAM: Direction des Archives et Bibliothéques Nationales, Saigon. 


INTERPARLIAMENTARY EXCHANGE OF THE OFFICIAL JOURNALS 


There are being sent abroad through the International Exchange 
Service 87 copies of the daily issues of the Federal Register and 105 
copies of the daily issues of the Congressional Record. The names and 
addresses of the recipients of the official journals are listed below: 


RECIPIENTS OF THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD AND FEDERAL REGISTER 


ARGENTINA : 
Biblioteca del Poder Judicial, Mendoza.® 
Direccién General del Boletin Oficial e Imprentas, Buenos Aires. 
Camara de Diputados Oficina de Informacién Parliamentaria, Buenos Aires. 
AUSTRALIA : 
Commonwealth National Library, Canberra. 
New SoutH WALES: Library of Parliament of New South Wales, Sydney. 
QUEENSLAND: Chief Secretary’s Office, Brisbane. 
Victoria: State Library of Victoria, Melbourne.’ 
WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Library of Parliament of Western Australia, Perth. 
BASUTOLAND: Clerk to the Legislative Council, Maseru." * 
BELGIUM, Bibliothéque du Parlement, Palais de la Nation, Brussels.* 
BRAZIL: 
Biblioteca da Camara dos Deputados, Brasilia, D.F.* 
Secretaria da Presidencia, Rio de Janeiro.* 
BRITISH HonpurRAS: Colonial Secretary, Belize. 
CampopiA : Ministry of Information, Phnom Penh. 
CAMEROON: Imprimerie Nationale, Yaoundé.’ ® 
CANADA: 
Clerk of the Senate, Houses of Parliament, Ottawa. 
Library of Parliament, Ottawa. 
CEYLON : Ceylon Ministry of Defense and External Affairs, Colombo.* 
CHILE: Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional, Santiago.* 
CHINA: 
Legislative Yuan, Taipei, Taiwan.* 
Taiwan Provincial Government, Taipei, Taiwan. 
CUBA: 
Biblioteca del Capitolio, Habana. 
Biblioteca Ptblica Panamericana, Habana.® 
CZECHOSLOVAKIA : Ceskoslovenska Akademie Ved. Prague.* 
Eeypr: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Egyptian Government, Cairo.* 
FINLAND: Library of the Parliament, Helsinki.* 
FRANCE: 
Bibliothéque Assemblée Nationale, Paris. 
Bibliothéque Conseil de la République, Paris. 
Library, Organization for European Economic Cooperation, Paris.* 
Research Department, Council of Europe, Strasbourg.‘ 
Service de la Documentation Etrangére Assemblée Nationale, Paris.‘ 
Gapon: Secretary General, Assemblée Nationale, Libreville.’ * 


See footnotes, p. 72. 


SECRETARY'S REPORT 71 


GERMANY: 
Amerika Institut der Universitit Miinchen, Miinchen.* 
Archiv, Deutscher Bundestag, Bonn. 
Bibliothek des Instituts ftir Weltwirtschaft an der Universitit Kiel, 
Kiel-Wik. 
Bibliothek Hessischer Landtag, Wiesbaden.* 
Deutsches Institut fiir Rechtswissenschaft, Potsdam-Babelsberg II.° 
Deutscher Bundesrat, Bonn.* 
Deutscher Bundestag, Bonn.* 
Hamburgisches Welt-Wirtschafts-Archiv, Hamburg. 
Westdeutsche Bibliothek, Marburg, Hessen.‘ ° 
GHANA: Chief Secretary’s Office, Accra.* 
GREAT BRITAIN: 
Department of Printed Books, British Museum, London. 
House of Commons Library, London.* 
N.P.P. Warehouse, H.M. Stationery Office, London.* ® 
Printed Library of the Foreign Office, London.* 
Royal Institute of International Affairs, London.* 
GREECE: Bibliotheque Chambre des Députés, Hellénique, Athens. 
GUATEMALA: Biblioteca de la Asamblea Legislativa, Guatemala. 
Harttr: Bibliothéque Nationale, Port-au-Prince. 
HonpbuRas: Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional, Tegucigalpa. 
Hungary: Orszagos Széchenyi Konyvtar, Budapest. 
INDIA: 
Civil Secretariat Library, Lucknow, United Provinces.® 
Indian Council of World Affairs, New Delhi.* 
Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly, Srinagar.’ 
Legislative Assembly, Government of Assam, Shillong.’ 
Legislative Assembly Library, Lucknow, United Provinces. 
Kerala Legislature Secretariat, Trivandrum.* 
Madras State Legislature, Madras.* 
Parliament Library, New Delhi. 
Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Poona.’ 
IRELAND: Dail Hireann, Dublin. 
ISRAEL: Library of the Knesset, Jerusalem. 
ITALy: 
Biblioteca Camera dei Deputati, Rome. 
Biblioteca del Senato della Republica, Rome. 
International Institute for the Unification of Private Law, Rome.® 
Periodicals Unit, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 
Rome.® 
JAPAN: 
Library of the National Diet, Tokyo. 
Ministry of Finance, Tokyo. 
JORDAN: Parliament of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Amman.* 
Korea: Library, National Assembly, Seoul. 
LuxEeMBoure: Assemblée Commune de la C.H.C.A., Luxembourg. 
MEXICO: 
Direccién. General Informacion, Secretaria de Governacién, Mexico, D.F. 
Biblioteca Benjamin Franklin, México, D.F. 
AGUASCALIENTES: Gobernador del Hstado de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes. 
Baga CALIFORNIA: Gobernador del Distrito Norte, Mexicali. 
CAMPECHE: Gobernador del Estado de Campeche, Campeche. 


See footnotes, p. 72. 


72 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


Merxico—Continued 


CHIAPAS: Gobernador del Estado de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez. 
CHIHUAHUA: Gobernador del Estado de Chihuahua, Chihuahua. 
CoAHUILA: Periddico Oficial del Estado de Coahuila, Palacio de Gobierno, 
Saltillo. 
CoLtima: Gobernador del Estado de Colima, Colima. 
GuANAJUATO: Secretaria General de Gobierno del Estado, Guanajuato.® 
JALISCO: Biblioteca del Estado, Guadalajara. 
Mexico: Gaceta del Gobierno, Toluca. 
MicHoacANn: Secretaria General de Gobierno del Estado de Michoac4n, 
Morelia. 
MoreLos: Palacio de Gobierno, Cuernavaca. 
NAYARIT: Gobernador de Nayarit, Tepic. 
NueEvo LEON: Biblioteca del Estado, Monterrey. 
Oaxaca: Periddico Oficial, Palacio de Gobierno, Oaxaca.® 
PuEBLA: Secretaria General de Gobierno, Puebla. 
QUERETARO: Secretaria General de Gobierno, Seccién de Archivo, Querétaro. 
SInALOA: Gobernador del Hstado de Sinaloa, Culiacin. 
Sonora: Gobernador del Estado de Sonora, Hermosillo. 
TAMAULIPAS: Secretaria General de Gobierno, Victoria. 
VERACRUZ: Gobernador del Estado de Veracruz, Departamento de Gober- 
nacién y Justicia, Jalapa. 
YucaTAn: Gobernador del Hstado de Yucatan, Mérida. 
NETHERLANDS: Koninklijke Bibliotheek, The Hague.® 
NEw ZEALAND: General Assembly Library, Wellington. 
NIGERIA : Office of the Clerk of the Legislature, Enugu.1 ‘ 
Norway: Library of the Norwegian Parliament, Oslo. 
PAKISTAN : Secretary, Provincial Assembly West Pakistan, Lahore." 4 
PANAMA: Biblioteca Nacional, Panama City.* 
PHILIPPINES : House of Representatives, Manila. 
PoLAND: Kancelaria Rady Panstwa, Biblioteka Sejmowa, Warsaw. 
PORTUGUESE TIMOR: Reparticéo Central de Administracio Civil, Dili.® 
RHODESIA AND NYASALAND: Federal Assembly, Salisbury.® 
RUMANIA: Biblioteca Centrala de Stat RPR, Bucharest. 
Sparn : Boletin Oficial del Estado, Presidencia del Gobierno, Madrid 
SWEDEN : Universitetsbiblioteket, Uppsala.* 
SWITZERLAND: 
International Labour Office, Geneva.>? 
Library, United Nations, Geneva. 
TANGANYIKA: Library, University College, Dar es Salaam." 4 
Toco: Ministére d’Eitat, de l’Interieur, de l’Information et de la Presse, Lome. 
UNION oF SouTH AFRICA: 
CaPE oF Goop Hope: Library of Parliament, Cape Town. 
TRANSVAAL: State Library, Pretoria. 
Union or Soviet Soctatist REPUBLICS : Fundamental’niia Biblioteka Obshchest- 
vennykh Nauk, Moscow. 
Urveuay : Diario Oficial, Calle Florida 1178, Montevideo. 
Yueostavia : Bibliografski Institut FNRJ, Belgrade.” 


1 Added during the year. 

2 Receives two sets. 

3 Change in name. 

+ Congressional Record only. 
5 Federal Register only. 

6 Three copies. 

7™Two copies. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 73 


The International Exchange Service accepts publications for trans- 
mission to addressees in all countries except to the mainland of China, 
North Korea, and Communist-controlled areas of Vietnam but will 
not accept packages of publications from domestic sources intended 
for addressees in the United States or in a territory subject to the 
jurisdiction of the United States. 

The number and weight of the packages received from sources in 
the United States for transmission abroad, and the number and weight 
of packages received from foreign sources intended for domestic 
addressees, are classified in the accompanying table. 


Received by the Smithsonian Institution for 
transmission 


Classification For transmission abroad For distribution in the 
United States 


Number of Weight in |Numberof| Weight in 
packages pounds packages pounds 


U.S. parliamentary documents re- 

ceived for transmission abroad_____ 715, 347 28g GGA Bee eh ae gees ere 
Publications received from foreign 

sources for U.S. parliamentary ad- 

GIESSEN Do i a me 12, 568 14, 124 
U.S. departmental documents re- 

ceived for transmission abroad_____ 235, 396 PPB MS eee oe eee 
Publications received from foreign 

sources for U.S. departmental ad- 

(GUSTS SXSSY sia AIG EN ce a ( ay5 oo: 12, 090 
Miscellaneous scientific and literary 

publications received for transmis- 

Sionpabroad esa en eee een ee 191, 187 PAR Ate PA eet amy ee see pal Bp aae hy ar aie 
Miscellaneous scientific and literary 

publications received from abroad 

for distribution in the United 


SLA tCH mee are eer eats ae ene ty Mee Ore ela eer oe 47,069 | 85, 395 
ING EGWLS AS BAG, erg le ate) Bem egmie eee 1, 141, 930 | 796, 622 | 64,190 | 111, 609 
Total packages received _____- L206 2120) ice he ee ec AE ee ea 
MOtAlmpoOunds TeCelVed =.= eset |=a eect sense el et ek Oe ee 908, 231 


Respectfully submitted. 
J. A. Couuins, Chief. 
Dr. Leonarp CARMICHAEL, 
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. 


Report on the Bureau of 
American Ethnology 


Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the field 
researches, office work, and other operations of the Bureau of American 
Ethnology during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1963, conducted in 
accordance with the act of Congress of April 10, 1928, as amended 
August 22, 1949, which directs the Bureau “to continue independently 
or in cooperation anthropological researches among the American 
Indians and the natives of lands under the jurisdiction or protection of 
the United States and the excavation and preservation of archeologic 


remains.” 
SYSTEMATIC RESEARCHES 


Dr. Frank H. H. Roberts, Jr., director of the Bureau, devoted most 
of the fiscal year to office duties and to general supervision of the 
activities of the Bureau and the River Basin Surveys. 

Karly in August, at the invitation of the Czechoslovak Academy of 
Sciences, Dr. Henry B. Collins, anthropologist, attended a meeting of 
the Permanent Council of the International Congress of Anthropo- 
logical and Ethnological Sciences in Prague. Following the meetings 
the delegates were taken on a week’s tour to visit ethnographic mu- 
seums and inspect paleolithic and neolithic sites being excavated by 
Czech archeologists in Bohemia, Moravia, and Slovakia. 

On November 9-10 Dr. Collins participated in a symposium on Pre- 
historic Man in the New World held at Rice University, Houston, Tex., 
in celebration of the 50th anniversary of the university. His paper, 
discussing the present status and problems of archeological research in 
the American Arctic and subarctic, together with those of the 16 other 
participants in the symposium, will appear in a volume to be pub- 
lished by the University of Chicago Press. Dr. Collins’s paper “Bering 
Strait to Greenland,” evaluating the results of recent archeological 
discoveries in the American Arctic and their bearing on the problem 
of the origin and relationships of Eskimo culture, was published in 
December 1962 in Technical Paper No. 11, Arctic Institute of North 
America. Another paper, “Stefansson as an Anthropologist,” was 
published in the Stefansson memorial issue of Polar Notes, No. 4. 

In December Dr. Collins was reelected to a 3-year term on the board 
of governors of the Arctic Institute of North America. He continued 


74 


SECRETARY'S REPORT 15 


to serve as a member of the Institute’s publications committee and as 
chairman of the directing committee which is responsible for prepara- 
tion of the Arctic Bibliography, a reference work which summarizes 
and indexes the contents of scientific publications in all fields, and in 
all languages, pertaining to the Arctic and subarctic regions of the 
world. The material for Volume 11 of the bibliography, edited by 
Marie Tremaine, was delivered to the Government Printing Office in 
October 1962. Approximately 1,500 pages in size, it will contain 
abstracts in English of 6,607 publications, of which 2,990 are of books, 
monographs, and papers published in Russian, 2,638 in English, and 
979 in Scandinavian, German, French, and other languages. Ameri- 
can scientists and others interested in following the course of scientific 
research and economic and social developments in the northern parts 
of the Soviet Union find the bibliography a valuable source of informa- 
tion, including as it does English abstracts of Soviet publications on 
such widely varied subjects as acclimatization, acculturation, adminis- 
tration and government, aerial mapping and reconnaissance, agri- 
culture, archeology, botany and zoology, construction, economic condi- 
tions, education, electric power, fishes and fisheries, forestry, geology 
and geophysics, hydrology, ice navigation, maps and mapping, 
meteorology, mineral resources, mines and mining, oceanography, pale- 
ontology, public health and medicine, petroleum, petrology, railroads, 
transportation, wildlife conservation and management, etc. Abstracts 
of anthropological publications have formed a substantial part of the 
Arctic Bibliography from the beginning of the project. An attempt 
has been made, with considerable success, to summarize and index the 
contents of every paper that has been written on the Eskimos of 
Siberia, Alaska, Canada, and Greenland; the Tlingit, Haida, and 
Tsimshian Indians of the Northwest Coast; the northern Athapaskans 
and Algonkians; and the native peoples of northern Eurasia. 

The Arctic Institute’s Russian translation project—Anthropology 
of the North: Translations from Russian Sources—which Dr. Collins 
organized in 1960, continued its operations under a renewed grant 
from the National Science Foundation and the editorship of Dr. Henry 
N. Michael. The third volume of the series, an English translation of 
the late M. G. Levin’s definitive work on the anthropology of north- 
eastern Asia (Hthnic Origins of the Peoples of Northeastern Asia), 
was published by the University of Toronto Press in May 1968. Addi- 
tional translations of Russian publications on Arctic anthropology 
are in the course of preparation. 

Dr. William C. Sturtevant attended the 35th International Congress 
of Americanists (Mexico City, August 19-25), the joint annual meet- 
ings of the American Indian Ethnohistoric Conference and the Con- 
ference on Iroquois Research (Albany, October 12-14), the 61st annual 


76 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


meeting of the American Anthropological Association (Chicago, No- 
vember 15-18), and the annual meeting of the Central States 
Anthropological Society (Detroit, May 16-18). At the last he 
participated in a symposium on primitive art. 

Dr. Sturtevant’s time in Washington was devoted to continuing 
research on the Iroquois and Seminole, to preparation of a paper 
titled “Studies in Ethnoscience” which he presented at the Social 
Science Research Council’s Conference on Transcultural Studies of 
Cognitive Systems (Mérida, Yucatan, April 17-20), and to his duties 
as book-review editor of the American Anthropologist. Papers by 
him were published in the Plorzda Anthropologist and in Lthnohistory. 

In July Dr. Sturtevant spent about 2 weeks continuing ethno- 
graphic fieldwork among the Seneca-Cayuga of Oklahoma, which he 
had begun the previous summer. This research, supported by a grant 
from the American Philosophical Society, is providing data on the 
most extreme variant of Iroquois culture, particularly on religion and 
ceremonial aspects, which casts a new light on the relatively well- 
known culture of the modern Iroquois communities in New York and 
Ontario. In October Dr. Sturtevant spent a few days on the Six 
Nations Reserve in Ontario, observing an important Iroquois religious 
ceremony and making inquiries for comparison with his Oklahoma 
data. In addition to this fieldwork, Dr. Sturtevant conducted archival 
research on the Oklahoma Seneca-Cayuga in the Indian Archives 
Division of the Oklahoma Historical Society in Oklahoma City 
(July 23-24) and museum research on Florida Seminole and other 
eastern Indian material in the Milwaukee Public Museum (Novem- 
ber 19-21) and in the College Museum of Hampton Institute, Hamp- 
ton, Va. (June 8-9). 

In November Dr. Robert M. Laughlin, ethnologist, began fieldwork 
in Chiapas, Mexico, where he collected and recorded ethnographic 
and linguistic materials, particularly myths and dreams, as well as 
numerous prayers, from the Tzotzil Indians of Zinacantan, Chiapas, 
and surrounding areas. A vocabulary of 2,200 items of the dialect 
of Zinacantan collected by Lore M. Colby in 1960 has been expanded 
to 4,000 by Dr. Laughlin. He recorded a series of 26 dreams in Tzotil 
from a Zinacantan informant. Because specific dream experiences 
determine the selection of shamans from the community and also pro- 
voke new religious feasts, it is expected that dreams will illuminate 
many aspects of Zinacantan world view. This material is being pre- 
pared for publication. 

Dr. Laughlin utilized the results of a week of ethnographic re- 
search in the Huastec area of the States of San Luis Potosi and 
Veracruz, Mexico, in January 1963, to supplement library research 
for the preparation of the chapter “Huastec” for the Handbook of 


SECRETARY’S REPORT Wa 


Middle American Indians. Another chapter for the Handbook, en- 
titled “Tzotzil,” is in preparation. Dr. Laughlin returned to Wash- 
ington in mid-May to check on data he had obtained in the field and 
to consult references in various libraries, and on June 14 left again 
for Mexico to continue his field studies. 


RIVER BASIN SURVEYS 


The River Basin Surveys, the unit of the Bureau of American 
Ethnology organized to cooperate with the National Park Service and 
the Bureau of Reclamation of the Department of the Interior, the 
Corps of Engineers of the Department of the Army, and State and 
local institutions in the program for salvage archeology in areas to 
be flooded or otherwise destroyed by the construction of large dams, 
continued its activities. An increase in funds made possible an ex- 
pansion of the program throughout the Missouri Basin. The investi- 
gations during 1962-63 were supported by a transfer of $271,000 from 
the National Park Service, a carryover of $64,498 Missouri Basin 
money, a grant of $7,285 from the Appalachian Power Co., and a 
carryover of $4,080 from an earlier contribution by the Idaho Power 
Co. The National Park Service funds were to support the investiga- 
tions in the Missouri Basin, and the grant from the Appalachian 
Power Co. was to provide for archeological excavations along the 
Roanoke River in southern Virginia where the Smith Mountain 
Project is nearing completion. The balance from the Idaho Power 
Co. came from a grant originally made to conduct researches in the 
Hells Canyon Reservoir area along the Snake River, Idaho-Oregon, 
and the work this year was a continuation of that project. This par- 
ticular investigation was carried on as a cooperative project between 
the River Basin Surveys and the Museum of Idaho State College at 
Pocatello. The grand total of funds available for the River Basin 
Surveys in 1962-63 was $346,863. 

Activities in the field pertained, in large part, to surveys and ex- 
cavations. Most of the work was concentrated in the digging or 
testing of sites but surveys were made in six new reservoir basins. 
Five of the new reservoirs were in Kansas; the sixth was in Nebraska. 
At the beginning of the fiscal year, nine excavating parties were in 
the field in the Missouri Basin and one survey party was operating 
in Montana. In September, digging was started in the Smith Moun- 
tain Reservoir area in southern Virginia, and in October asmall group 
collected pollen samples from areas in western Nebraska. During 
February and early March one party excavated a site along the Chat- 
tahoochee River in Georgia. In May, a small group worked for a 
short period in South Dakota, while another made the reconnaissance 
of the six reservoirs previously mentioned. Also during May a party 


78 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 19638 


returned to the Smith Mountain area. During June, 11 parties began 
operations in the Missouri Basin and were fully occupied in the ex- 
cavation program at the end of the fiscal year. 

As of June 30, 1963, archeological surveys and excavations had been 
made, since the start of the salvage program, in a total of 264 reser- 
voir areas located in 29 different States. Furthermore, two lock proj- 
ects, four canal areas, and two watershed areas had also been ex- 
amined. Since 1946, when the program got underway, 5,009 sites have 
been located and recorded; of that number, 1,175 were recommended 
for excavation or limited testing. Because of the conditions under 
which the salvage operations need to be conducted, complete excava- 
tions, except in the case of a few small sites, are rarely possible. Conse- 
quently, when the term “excavation” is used, it generally implies that 
only about 10 percent of a site was dug. 

By the end of the year, 484 sites in 54 reservoir basins and one 
watershed area had either been tested or excavated to the degree where 
good information about them had been obtained. It has been the 
policy of the River Basin Surveys to dig in at least one example of 
the various kinds of sites reported in the preliminary surveys. The 
sites range in nature from those which were simple camping areas, 
occupied by early hunting and gathering Indians of about 10,000 years 
ago, to village remains left by historic Indians of the mid-19th cen- 
tury. In addition, the remains of frontier trading posts of European 
origin and of Army installations have also been examined. The re- 
sults of the investigations have been incorporated in reports which 
have been published in various scientific journals, in the Bureau of 
American Ethnology Bulletins, and in the Miscellaneous Collections 
of the Smithsonian Institution. River Basin Surveys Paper No. 25, 
which constitutes Bureau Bulletin 182, pertaining to the work done in 
the John H. Kerr Reservoir Basin on the Roanoke River, Virginia- 
North Carolina, was published in October. River Basin Surveys 
Papers Nos. 26-32, which report on investigations in North Dakota, 
Montana, and Kansas, and comprise Bulletin 185, were released during 
June. Reports on other investigations in the two Dakotas and 
Kansas, consisting of River Basin Surveys Papers 33-38, constituting 
Bulletin 189, were sent to the Printing Office early in the fiscal year 
and will be ready for distribution shortly after the beginning of the 
new year. Various members of the staff cooperated with representa- 
tives of other Federal agencies in the preparation of short popular 
pamphlets about some of the major reservoir projects. These pam- 
phlets were published by the cooperating agency and are distributed at 
the visitors’ center for the reservoir concerned. 

As in previous years, the River Basin Surveys received helpful 
cooperation from the National Park Service, the Bureau of Reclama- 


| SECRETARY'S REPORT 79 
tion, the Corps of Engineers, the Geological Survey, and numerous 
State and local institutions. The party leaders were assisted in many 

_ ways by the field personnel of all the cooperating agencies, and the 
relationship was excellent in all areas. The National Park Service 
continued to serve as liaison between the various agencies, both in 
Washington and in the field. The Park Service also prepared the 
budget estimates and justifications for the funds needed to support the 
salvage program. 

General direction and supervision of the program were continued 
by the main office in Washington. Work in the Missouri Basin was 
directed by the field headquarters and laboratory at Lincoln, Nebr. 
The projects in southern Virginia and Georgia were supervised by 
the Washington office. 

Washington Office—Dr. Frank H. H. Roberts, Jr., continued the 
direction of the main headquarters of the River Basin Surveys in 
the Bureau of American Ethnology throughout the year. Harold A. 
Huscher and Carl F. Miller, archeologists, were based at that office. 
Mr. Huscher had just returned from the Walter F. George Dam and 
Lock area on the Chattahoochee River below Columbus, Ga., at the 
beginning of the fiscal year. He remained in the office during the 
summer and fall months, working on the accumulating records and 
collections from the 4 preceding years. In November he attended 
the Southeastern Archeological Conference and the Conference on 
Historic Site Archeology at Mound State Park, Moundville, Ala., 
reading a report on the “Archaic of the Walter F. George Reservoir 
Area.” On November 10 and 11, he attended the Eastern States 
Archeological Conference at Athens, Ga., reading a paper on “Generic 
Western Names Identifiable in the Southeast.” On November 22-24, 
he participated in the 20th Annual Plains Conference at Lincoln, 
Nebr., where he discussed “Southern Athapaskan Names in Early 
Spanish Records.” Early in February he returned to Georgia and 
completed emergency excavations at a site just south of the City of 
Columbus. In May he attended the joint meeting of the Society for 
American Archeology and the American Association of Physical 
Anthropologists at Boulder, Colo., reading a paper on “Intermontane 
Athapaskan Continuities.” At the close of the fiscal year he was work- 
ing on his materials from the Walter F. George Reservoir area. 

At the beginning of the fiscal year Mr. Miller was in charge of an 
excavating party at the Tuttle Creek Reservoir area in northern 
Kansas. The results of his activities there are covered in the follow- 
ing section on the Missouri Basin. On September 10 he left for 
the Smith Mountain and Leesville Reservoir area in southern Vir- 
ginia and carried on excavations there until November 18, when 
weather conditions made it advisable to terminate digging until spring. 


80 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


While in the Washington office he worked on materials he had pre- 
viously collected in Georgia and also started detailed studies on the 
ceramic material he had obtained while digging at Russell Cave in 
Alabama. He also examined numerous archeological specimens sent 
to the Washington office by private collectors. In January he as- 
sisted in setting up a series of archeological exhibits at one of the 
schools in Newport News, Va. He also completed two short papers 
for publication, one describing certain polyhedral cores found in 
Kansas, the other discussing Chenopodium weeds as a source of food 
for Southeastern Indians. On May 15, Mr. Miller left Washington 
for Rocky Mount, Va., to resume his investigations in the Smith Moun- 
tain Reservoir Project area, and at the end of the year he and his 
small field party were digging in one of the best sites found in 
that locality. 

Alabama-Georgia.—Harold A. Huscher spent the week of Novem- 
ber 4-10 at the Walter F. George Reservoir, checking and photograph- 
ing sites as they were being progressively flooded by the rising waters 
of the reservoir. At the upper end of the reservoir the historically 
important Coweta Town House site, 1 RU 9, where Oglethorpe 
held a peace conference with the Creek chiefs in 1739, was being 
destroyed by grading for the new Phoenix City dock development. 

The Walker Street site (Key School site), 9 ME 60, reported by 
David W. Chase, Fort Benning Infantry Museum, was being destroyed 
by an eroding drainage ditch and immediate salvage operations were 
recommended. Huscher returned to Georgia on February 7, 1963, 
and, working under an emergency grant, investigated this site, which 
proved to be an Karly Woodland occupation level buried in a natural 
levee of the Chattahoochee River south of Columbus. With the as- 
sistance of David W. Chase of the Infantry Museum, power equip- 
ment was used in stripping the overburden from 1,600 square feet 
of the site. The exposed camp layers were then excavated using 
power-screening techniques. Post holes in linear and curvilinear 
arrangements were recorded, but no complete house patterns were 
worked out. Twenty occupational features, including pits and 
hearths, were recorded. Over 3,000 sherds and stone artifacts were 
recovered, of which 1,000 were sherds of the sand-tempered fine- 
checked (Cartersville Check Stamped) types. There were 40 exam- 
ples of the tetrapodal pot-base and 9 examples of the subrectangular 
flat pot-base, characteristic of the late Deptford Period. Minority 
pottery types were, in descending frequency, large check stamped, 
complicated stamped, linear check stamped, and simple stamped. A 
few sherds showed combinations of check stamped and complicated 
stamped, possibly transitional Deptford-Swift Creek forms belonging 
with Willey’s New River Complicated Stamped. The characteristic 


| 


SECRETARY'S REPORT ; 81 


point is triangular, thick cross-section, slightly excurvate sides, with 
baseline either straight, slightly concave, or slightly convex. The 
assemblage, seemingly a manifestation late in the Deptford Period, 
with some early traits of the Swift Creek complex appearing, most 
closely parallels that found in the submound and primary mounds 
at the Stark’s Clay Landing site, 9 CLA 1 (“Mandeville Mound,” 
University of Georgia), and the Mound at the Upper Francis Land- 
ing, 1 BR 15 (“Shorter Site,” University of Alabama), and the 
Early Woodland level at the Russell Cave. 

Idaho-Oregon.—Under an agreement with the Smithsonian Insti- 
tution, the Idaho State University Museum undertook archeological 
reconnaissance and excavations in the Hells Canyon Reservoir on the 
Snake River between Idaho and Oregon. Fieldwork began on March 
25, 1963, and concluded June 20, 1963. The project was under the 
general supervision of Dr. Karl H. Swanson, director of the museum. 
Max G. Pavesic, a graduate student at the University of Colorado, 
directed the fieldwork and was assisted by Roger Nance, Washing- 
ton State University, and by David Wyatt, University of Wash- 
ington. 

Field headquarters were maintained at Oxbow Dam, where the 
Idaho Power Co. generously made available a trailer for residence 
and for laboratory work. Additional assistance during the excavation 
was given by the Morrison-Knudsen Corp., which provided the field 
party with a bulldozer. Grateful acknowledgment is also due to 
Jess Smith, Mr. and Mrs. Amos Camp, Dan Cole, Ross Parker, Ralph 
Page, and Rudy Lanning for the help they gave. 

The field studies were conducted throughout by three men whose 
work included intensive reconnaissance and excavation at an impor- 
tant village site (No. 10-AM-1). Ten archeological sites were lo- 
cated which were not reported in the original survey of Hells Canyon 
(Columbia Basin Project, River Basin Surveys, Smithsonian Insti- 
tution, 1951). These include three rockshelters, seven camp sites, 
and numerous rock cairns. Five cairns were excavated. The first 
was excavated entirely by hand because these appear to be a type 
of archeological feature. Cairns of this nature are constructed of 
large boulders, which sometimes weigh several tons and which are 
covered by earth. Reports of burials beneath the cairns were given 
to the crew, but no archeological materials or data were obtained 
from them and they remain unexplained at this time. 

An important village site was given careful attention by the field 
party. Two adjacent housepits, as well as the area between, were in- 
tensively examined by excavation. These lie on a north-south axis 
parallel to the river. The largest structure is approximately 25 feet 
in diameter, while the smaller measures approximately 12 feet across. 


82 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


Ji could not be determined whether there was any superimposition of 
the structures. Stratigraphically, and by the artifact inventory, the 
housepits appear to be contemporaneous. In both, the house fill is not 
more than 314 feet in depth. Little soil change was found in the fill, 
which was a dark loam near the top but became sandier with depth. 
Above the sterile soil, yellow sand and gravel, an ash layer is found 
throughout the limits of the housepits. Stratigraphically, there 
appears to be only one cultural occupation. 

Large quantities of tools, flakes, and bones were recovered, which 
indicate both intensive occupation and use of the area for hunting 
purposes. Preliminary examination of the artifacts suggests that 
occupation was late in prehistoric time, possibly early historic, and 
similarities can be seen with the Camas Prairie Phase reported at the 
Weis Rockshelter on Camas Prairie (B. Robert Butler, Contributions 
to the Prehistory of the Columbia Plateau, Occasional Papers No. 9 
of the Idaho College Museum). 

Missouri Basin—At the beginning of fiscal year 1947 the Missouri 
Basin Project of the River Basin Surveys began its operations from 
the field headquarters and laboratory in Lincoln, Nebr. The Project 
has carried on its activities for 17 consecutive years from that location. 
The office and laboratory were at first housed with the Laboratory of 
Anthropology in the basement of the Social Sciences Building. They 
were then moved to a basement hallway of the University of Nebraska 
Library. Shortly thereafter much more space was made available in 
the basement of the just-completed Burnett Hall on the University 
campus, and the Laboratory of Anthropology and the project again 
joined forces. By 1950, both the project and the Laboratory of An- 
thropology had outgrown this space, and the Missouri Basin Project 
rented a building at 1517 O Street. The project laboratory was 
transferred to the new location, but offices were maintained in Burnett 
Hall. In 1953 the offices were moved to O Street and the entire project 
operated from that location for the following 10 years. During the 
present fiscal year expansion of the project and deterioration of the 
upper floors of the building at 1517 O Street made new quarters an 
absolute necessity. On May 1, 1963, the Missouri Basin Project rented 
a one-story building at 1835 P Street in Lincoln and moved to that 
location. It is a relatively new, fireproof building of 14,000 square 
feet, with all laboratory, storage, and office facilities on one floor. 

Activities during the current fiscal year, as in past years, included 
surveys, excavations, analyses of materials, and reporting of results 
of the salvage of archeological remains being destroyed by dam and 
reservoir construction within the Missouri Basin. Dr. Robert L. 
Stephenson served as chief of the project, except for approximately 
3 months when he was on leave and Dr. Warren W. Caldwell func- 


SECRETARY'S REPORT 83 


tioned as acting chief. During the summer months the work consisted 
mainly of excavations. Analyses and preparation of reports received 
the major attention throughout the remainder of the year. The special 
chronology program, begun in January 1958, was continued through- 
out fiscal 1963. 

At the beginning of the year the permanent staff, in addition to the 
chief, consisted of five archeologists, one administrative clerk, one 
administrative assistant, one secretary, one clerk-typist, one scientific 
illustrator, one photographer, and four museum aides. The tempo- 
rary staff included 4 archeologists, 5 field assistants, 3 cooks, and 838 
field crewmen. 

During July and August seven field crewmen were added to the 
temporary staff. By the end of the first week in August, the employ- 
ment of all the field crewmen and cooks had been terminated. Other 
terminations of temporary employees were made shortly thereafter. 
Four of the temporary archeologists and field assistants were trans- 
ferred to the permanent staff as archeologists. 

At the end of the fiscal year the permanent staff consisted of 21 
persons. ‘These were, in addition to the chief, nine archeologists, one 
administrative assistant, one secretary, one administrative clerk, two 
clerk-typists, one scientific illustrator, one photographer, and four 
museum aides. The temporary staff consisted of 71 persons: 8 arche- 
ologists, 2 physical anthropologists, 4 cooks, and 62 field crewmen. 

During the year there were 25 Smithsonian institution River Basin 
Surveys field parties at work in the Missouri Basin. During July 
and August four parties were working in the Oahe Reservoir area 
and four parties were working in the Big Bend Reservoir area of 
South Dakota; two parties were working in the Yellowtail Reservoir 
area of Montana and Wyoming; one crew was working in the Tuttle 
Creek Reservoir area in Kansas; and one party was surveying the Mis- 
souri Breaks area between Fort Peck and Fort Benton in Montana. In 
October a small crew was collecting pollen samples in western Ne- 
braska. In May, a small crew worked in the Fort Randall Reservoir 
area of South Dakota and a survey party conducted a reconnaissance of 
six proposed reservoirs in Kansas and Nebraska. During June, a crew 
was excavating in the Pony Creek area of Iowa; another crew had 
begun work on the James Diversion Project in South Dakota; one 
crew was at work in the Yellowtail Reservoir of Montana and Wyo- 
ming; three parties were working in the Oahe Reservoir; and four 
groups were excavating in the Big Bend Reservoir, South Dakota. 
One special crew was not in the field but was at work during June in 
the laboratory at Lawrence, Kans., studying the skeletal remains from 
sites in the Oahe Reservoir. 


84 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


Other fieldwork in the Missouri Basin during the year included 
14 parties from State institutions operating under cooperative agree- 
ments with the National Park Service and in cooperation with the 
Smithsonian Institution in the Inter-Agency Archeological Salvage 
Program. 

At the beginning of the year Robert W. Neuman, assisted by John 
J. Hoffman and a crew of 10, was at work on the excavation of an 
early village of circular houses known as the Molstad site (89D W234) ,* 
about 8 miles south of Mobridge, S. Dak., on the right bank of the 
Missouri River in Dewey County. This site will be subject to wave 
cutting at maximum pool level of the Oahe Reservoir. Artifacts 
and architectural details recovered indicate that the site had been a 
small, fortified village of the very early period of circular house occu- 
pation often referred to as the La Roche. There were five houses 
within an oval stockade and one larger house outside the stockade. 
The stockade was surrounded by a dry moat 2.6 feet deep and had 
a single large loop bastion on one side. The entire stockade line and 
five of the houses were excavated, as well as the bastion and two cross 
sections of the moat. The people who occupied this site during the 
15th or 16th centuries were culturally very closely related to those 
who occupied the Potts Village, some 2 miles upstream, which had 
been excavated previously by crews from the Missouri Basin Project. 

A second field party mm the Oahe Reservoir, also directed by Robert 
W. Neuman with the assistance of James J. Stanek and a crew of 10, 
was at work at the beginning of the year excavating the Swift Bird 
site (89DW233), half a mile downstream from the Molstad site. 
This site comprised a group of two burial mounds of the Plains 
Woodland Period and a circular house depression that appears to 
belong to the La Roche Period. The burial mounds date from a 
period of some 1,500 or so years ago, while the house dates from 
about 500 years ago. Mound 1 was a dome-shaped tumulus 75 feet 
in diameter and 4 feet high. Several articulated bison skeletons lay 
on the mound floor as did numerous large, charred timbers. Below 
these was a burial pit containing several secondary human interments. 
Artifacts were few and largely found within the burial pit. In most 
respects this mound resembled those excavated at the Boundary 
Mounds site at the North Dakota-South Dakota State line. Mound 2 
was slightly smaller and had articulated bison skeletons, secondary 


1 Site designations used by the River Basin Surveys are trinomial in character, consisting 
of symbols for State, county, and site. The State is indicated by the first number, accord- 
ing to the numerical position of the State name in an alphabetical list of the United States; 
thus, for example, 32: indicates North Dakota, 39 indicates South Dakota. Counties are 
designated by a two-letter abbreviation; for example, ME for Mercer County, MN for 
Mountrail County, ete. The final number refers to the specific site within the indicated 
State and county. 


Secretary’s Report, 1963 PLATE 2 


Walker Street site (Key School site), 9ME60, a buried Deptford camp on the Chattahoochee 
River, Ga. Overburden has been removed and the underlying camp levels are being 
excavated by units 10 feet square. River Basin Surveys. 


Probable house pattern showing at bottom of Deptford level. Shown here are indications 
of a subrectangular structure with supporting wall posts set in trenches. River Basin 
Surveys. 


Secretary's Report, 1963 


PLATE 3 


Close-up view of the Sorenson site (24CB202) in the Big Horn Canyon within the Yellow- 
tail Reservoir area during excavation. Evidence of more than 7,000 years of occupation 
were uncovered in this small rock shelter. River Basin Surveys. 


- : ae : ot > 4 = : 


View of the site (24CB203) at the confluence of Dry Head Creek with the Big Horn River 
within the Yellowtail Reservoir area. Smithsonian Institution field camp can be seen 
adjacent to the excavation area. River Basin Surveys. 


: :) 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 85 


human burials, and a very few artifacts on the mound floor, but no 
burial pit. The circular house provided a minimal floor pattern with- 
out center posts and a small quantity of artifacts. This party also 
excavated Mound 3 of a series of five burial mounds at the Grover 
Hand site (89DW240). That mound resembled Mound 1 at the Swift 
Bird site, including the burial pit. Remains of 17 bison were re- 
covered from the mound fill and floor. A new site, the Stelzer 
(39DW242), was tested. It is situated about a mile downstream from 
39DW240. Occupational levels and artifacts indicate that this may 
be a substantial camp site of Plains Woodland times. Neuman’s two 
crews shared a single camp and completed their fieldwork on Sep- 
tember 2 after 12 weeks in the field. 

A third field crew in the Oahe Reservoir was directed by Dr. Wil- 
liam M. Bass, assisted by Jon Muller and a crew of six. Based in 
Pierre, this party utilized a caterpillar tractor and scraper to exca- 
vate large sections of the burial areas at the Sully site (39SL4), 
which is located approximately 20 miles northwest of Pierre, on the 
left bank of the Missouri River. It comprises the largest prehistoric 
village remains in the Missouri Basin and was excavated in previous 
years by Smithsonian Institution field crews. The large burial areas 
were not exhausted and, in order to get a sufficiently large sample of 
the physical remains of the people who had lived there some 250-400 
years ago, the current season’s work was directed toward exhausting 
the burial areas. The heavy equipment was used to remove the over- 
burden above the graves. Hach grave was then excavated by hand. 
During the first three seasons of work, 264 burials were excavated. 
This season an additional 293 were recovered, making a total of 557 
burials from this one village. Brief investigations at other sites pro- 
vided additional burials. At the Swan Creek site (89PO1), exca- 
vated during a previous season by a cooperating institution, a single 
burial was obtained. At the Bleached Bone site (39HU48), 20 
burials were recovered and 8 were taken from the Second Hand site 
(39P0207). In addition, a good quantity of burial artifacts was 
recovered, correlating the burials directly with the village areas and 
providing cultural meaning for the skeletal remains. This party 
completed its fieldwork on August 30 after a season of 12 weeks. 

The fourth Oahe Reservoir party was directed by Dr. Alfred W. 
Bowers, assisted by William B. Colvin and a crew of 10. Based at 
Mobridge, S. Dak., this crew excavated 14 circular earth lodges in the 
Red Horse site (89CO34) just west of the bridge from Mobridge and 
at the mouth of the Grand River. This was a moderately large, 
fortified earth-lodge village of the late period and probably dates 
in the 18th century. A large artifact yield as well as good architec- 
tural details resulted from the excavations. Bowers’s crew also exca- 

707-317—683——_7 


86 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


vated a portion of the Davis site (839CO14), some 200 yards west of 
the Red Horse site. There, a complex defensive system and a series 
of long rectangular houses were partly uncovered. Apparently there 
were at least two, and perhaps three, occupation periods represented, 
but time did not permit sufficient excavation to recover the whole 
story. The earliest occupation of the Davis site was several centuries 
earlier than that at the Red Horse site. Continuation of the work 
was planned for the next season. 

In the Big Bend Reservoir area, three field parties were at work 
at the beginning of the year and a fourth party was added during 
July. One of the parties was directed by Dr. Warren W. Caldwell, 
assisted by Richard E. Jensen and a crew of 11. They excavated at 
two sites. The Langdeau site (8391L.M209) had been a village of long- 
rectangular houses and 15 depressions were visible. Four of these 
house remains were excavated, and three long trenches were dug in 
an unsuccessful attempt to find a fortification system. The houses 
were 30-40 feet wide with no small structural posts at the ends. En- 
trances were to the south or southwest and floors were compact and 
stained with red ochre. Pottery found there is of the Anderson 
and Foreman types, suggesting relationship to the early rectangular- 
house period at the Dodd site near Pierre, but other artifacts were 
extremely exotic, including copper, shell, bone, and stone tools and 
ornaments. This crew’s second excavation was at the Jiggs Thompson 
site (89L.M208), located 9 miles north of Lower Brule in the loop of 
the Big Bend. This site had been a small village of 17 long- 
rectangular houses situated on a high terrace finger that was separated 
from the rest of the terrace by a moat 4.5 feet deep and 11 feet wide. 
Two houses were excavated, the moat was sampled, and numerous 
other test trenches were dug. The houses had been about 30 by 20 
feet with entrances to the south. They did not have end posts, but 
there were massive central support posts. Architecture and artifacts 
suggest a close relationship to the Langdeau site; both are in the 
Anderson-Foreman and Swanson traditions of early rectangular- 
house culture. This party completed its work on August 26 after 
11 weeks in the field. 

The second Big Bend party was also directed by Dr. Caldwell, with 
the assistance of Richard E. Carter. It consisted of a crew of nine. 
Excavations were carried out at a two-component site (39LM2) 
overlooking Medicine Creek some 8 miles northwest of Lower Brule. 
This had been a village of small, rectangular houses with ramp 
entrances to the south, minimal end support posts, and many cache 
pits. The remains of the first occupation were overlain by those of a 
village of square (or subrectangular) houses, 35 feet in diameter, 
which had four central support posts of the kind usually found in 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 87 


late circular houses in the area. One house of each component, 
many cache pits, and several midden areas were excavated. Abundant 
pottery and other artifacts suggest that the earlier component relates 
to the Anderson and Over foci, while the later component was of the 
period of the Shannon Focus and similar to component C at the 
Talking Crow site. This party also sampled the Jandreau site 
(39LM221), 3 miles east of Medicine Creek in the same general area. 
Portions of two long-rectangular houses were excavated as were 
cross sections of the fortification moat. Ceramics recovered there 
suggest that the village may have been transitional between the An- 
derson Focus and the Thomas Riggs Focus and will date toward the 
latter part of the long-rectangular house period. In addition, minor 
tests were made at the Gilman site (39LL.M226) and at site 839LM228 
in the Medicine Creek Bottoms. The latter proved to have been a 
rectangular-house village of Over Focus affiliation, while the former 
was a circular-house village of the Shannon Focus. After 11 weeks 
in the field this crew completed its assignment on August 26. 

A third party in the Big Bend Reservoir area, sharing a joint 
camp with Caldwell’s two crews, was directed by Vernon R. Helmen. 
This crew of three was frequently assisted by members of Caldwell’s 
parties during the 2 weeks of its work (July 16-27). Helmen and 
his associates provided their services on a volunteer basis, and Mrs. 
Helmen made a useful study of the microecology of the flora of one 
earth lodge. The Helmen crew excavated one house in site 39LM223, 
a small village of the Shannon Focus. The circular house and several 
cache pits yielded Talking Crow and Iona pottery. 

The remaining field party in the Big Bend Reservoir area was at 
work at the beginning of the year excavating the remains of Fort 
George (39ST202), a historic fur-trading post built in 1842 and 
operated briefly in opposition to the trading post of Fort Pierre 
Chouteau. The crew of eight was directed by G. Hubert Smith, 
assisted by Lee G. Madison, and was based in Pierre with the Bass 
party. Fort George was located on the right bank of the Missouri 
River some 15 miles downstream from Pierre. Remains of the log 
stockade, two blockhouses, and the interior buildings of timber were 
excavated and recorded. Artifacts were abundant and will, along 
with the architecture, provide a substantial picture of life at this 
early post, of which so little contemporary record remains. 

Two Missouri Basin Project field parties were at work at the begin- 
ning of the year in the Yellowtail Reservoir area in the Big Horn 
Canyon in Montana and Wyoming. Lionel A. Brown, with a crew 
of five, operated in the lower end of the reservoir from the Yellow- 
tail Dam south to the mouth of Dry Head Creek, a distance of some 
25 miles upstream from the dam. They excavated three large, dif- 


88 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


fuse, occupation sites and tested numerous rock shelters. Site 
24BH215 at the mouth of Black Canyon, 6 miles above the dam, was 
a stratified campsite with three levels of occupation. Artifacts were 
moderately abundant and included a few nondescript potsherds, 
corner-notched projectile points, and many scrapers, blades, and bone 
tools, but no evidence of structures. It appears to have been a camp 
intermittently occupied from a few hundred years ago to historic 
times. Site 24BH212 was a complex of occupations at the mouth of 
Bull Elk Canyon 18 miles above the dam. It contained six stone 
circles, two circles of shallow postholes, midden deposits, fireplaces, 
a profusion of scrapers and other small stone tools but very few pro- 
jectile points and no evidence of pottery. Five of the stone circles 
contained semicompacted floors, floor debris, and a central fireplace, 
and one had a midden deposit just outside the stone circle all empha- 
sizing the fact that they served the function of actual tipi rings. 
The circular arrangements of shallow postholes with a suggestion of 
floors indicate structures of temporary pole construction. Occupation 
was Shallow with only one level apparent except in one small section 
of the site where three levels were apparent. Artifacts are not very 
diagnostic but probably represent a period of three or four centuries 
before White contact. The third major site excavated by Brown’s 
crew was located on the opposite (left) bank of the Big Horn River 
at the mouth of Dry Head Creek some 25 miles above the dam. 
There, four levels of occupation produced large quantities of bison, 
deer, and elk bone, numerous small stone artifacts, an elk bone flesher, 
numerous fire pits, and basin-shaped pits but neither pottery nor 
structures. Several rock shelters between Black Canyon and Dry 
Head were investigated and tested but none proved to contain worth- 
while occupational materials. This party returned to the Lincoln 
headquarters August 31 after 11 weeks in the field. 

Wilfred M. Husted was in charge of the second Yellowtail field 
party excavating a series of sites in the upper reaches of the reser- 
voir. Working from various campsites between the village of Kane 
at the extreme southern end of the reservoir to Barry’s Landing, some 
20 miles to the north, this crew used boat, Jeep, carryall, and foot 
transportation to resurvey this portion of the Big Horn Canyon and 
excavate five sites. A rock shelter (48BH206) was sampled but not 
completed owing to difficulty of access. A large tipi ring site 
(48BH10) with 20 stone circles, on the left bank of Crooked Creek, 
was excavated. Five of the circles were dug and three of them 
contained central fireplaces as well as exterior fireplaces. One open 
campsite (48BH211) and several rock shelters were examined and 
tested but provided no useful archeological data. On the Wyoming 
side of the reservoir, a site at Barry’s Landing (24CB201) was exca- 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 89 


vated. It had superimposed hearths and roasting pits and numerous 
projectile points and scrapers. The artifacts represent the latter 
part of the Middle Prehistoric Period overlain by an occupation of 
the Late Prehistoric Period. A nearby rock shelter (24CB223) was 
excavated and furnished similar material. The Sorenson site 
(24CB202), half a mile below Barry’s Landing, was completely exca- 
vated with excellent results. Five levels of occupation extending 
from historic times back to the pre-Middle Prehistoric Period were 
delineated. Lanceolate projectile points in the lowest level (dated 
at 7,500-7,800 years ago) were overlain by materials of the Middle 
and Late Prehistoric Period and capped by a historic occupation. 
Materials included cordage, basketry, hide, bone tools, stone tools, 
roasting pits, and hearths. In the resurvey of this section of the 
canyon, 21 new sites were located, of which 18 will be flooded. 
Husted’s party completed the season’s work August 30 after 11 weeks 
in the field. 

A survey party directed by Oscar L. Mallory, consisting of a crew 
of three, made a detailed reconnaissance of the Missouri Breaks along 
the Missouri River from Fort Benton to the upper reaches of the 
Fort Peck Reservoir. Beginning at the Fort Benton end of the 
Breaks, this party utilized boats, horses, vehicles, and foot transpor- 
tation to locate 55 archeological sites within this 180-mile stretch of 
extremely rugged river country. Of these sites, 20 were campsites, 
21 were campsites with tipi rings, 2 were burials, 3 were bison-kill 
sites, and 9 were historic sites. Surface collections were made from 
most of these and two were tested. Artifact yield was minimal but 
enough to suggest a fairly long period of occupation and significant 
excavation potential in the area. 

The final Missouri Basin Project field party at work at the begin- 
ning of the year was directed by Carl F. Miller who, with a crew of 
nine, was at work in the Tuttle Creek Reservoir of northeastern 
Kansas. With headquarters in the town of Blue Rapids, Kans., this 
party investigated seven sites in the upper reaches of the reservoir 
and excavated one. This was the last chance to examine any of the 
threatened sites in this reservoir, as the water was already rising, and 
by the summer of 1963 any sites that were to be flooded would have 
been submerged. The Pishney site (89MH2) received the attention 
of Miller’s party most of the season and provided a single house 
structure, a portion of a second house, several cache pits, and a sub- 
stantial yield of artifacts. The houses at this site were square with 
rounded corners and the artifacts suggest a cultural position within 
the Central Plains Phase but with definite indications of influences 
from the south. Miller’s party left the field on August 16 after 
working for a period of 9 weeks. 


90 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


Cooperating institutions active in the Missouri Basin at the begin- 
ning of the fiscal year included six field parties representing five State 
agencies in Nebraska, Kansas, Missouri, and Montana. Dr. Dee C. 
Taylor with a crew from Montana State University conducted a survey 
of portions of the shoreline of the Fort Peck Reservoir in east-central 
Montana, locating archeological sites that have been exposed by bank 
erosion along the shores of the reservoir. Marvin F. Kivett, assisted 
by Dr. Roger T. Grange with a crew from the Nebraska State Histori- 
cal Society, completed salvage excavations in the area of the Red Wil- 
low Reservoir in southwestern Nebraska. Dr. Preston Holder, as- 
sisted by Dr. Emily Blasingham and a crew of University of Nebraska 
students, completed excavation and testing of sites to be flooded in the 
Norton Reservoir area of northwestern Kansas. Dr. Carlyle S. Smith, 
assisted by Walter Birkby and a crew of students from the University 
of Kansas, excavated two sites, sampled several others, and completed 
salvage work in the Melvern Reservoir area of east-central Kansas. 
Dr. Carl Chapman and a crew from the University of Missouri con- 
tinued the surveying and testing of sites in the Kaysinger Bluff Res- 
ervoir area in west-central Missouri. <A second crew tested a large 
series of sites in the Stockton Reservoir area of central Missouri. All 
these parties operated under agreements with the National Park Serv- 
ice and in cooperation with the Smithsonian Institution in the Inter- 
Agency Archeological Salvage Program. 

The 1963 field season began with an archeological survey team under 
Lionel A. Brown, assisted by Lee G. Madison and Stephen H. 
Schwartz. This team began operations on May 6 and completed its 
work on May 29. It investigated the proposed area of the Almena 
Reservoir on Prairie Dog Creek, in northwestern Kansas, finding no 
archeological sites but recording one paleontological locality. The 
members of the party next went to the proposed area of the Herndon 
Reservoir on Beaver Creek in Rawlins County, Kans., where they 
recorded one archeological site. In Ellis County, Kans., on Big Creek, 
the proposed Ellis Reservoir was surveyed and two sites were recorded. 
The proposed area of the Fort Scott Reservoir in Bourbon County, 
Kans., was next surveyed and six sites were located. The next survey, 
made in Anderson County, Kans., found seven sites at the location of 
the proposed Garnett Reservoir. The final reservoir of the six sur- 
veyed was the Angus Reservoir in Nuckols County, Nebr., where two 
archeological sites were recorded. A total of 18 archeological sites and 
1 paleontological locality were recorded in 6 reservoir areas. 

On May 18 and 14, G. Hubert Smith and Oscar L. Mallory con- 
ducted a brief investigation of the site of the Fort Randall Military 
Post, near the Fort Randall dam in southeastern South Dakota. 
As an aid to the U.S. Corps of Engineers in developing this for public 


SECRETARY’S REPORT Ol 


use, Smith and Mallory pinpointed the significant cultural features 
and made recommendations for their development. 

On June 7 the Pony Creek field party began work in that part of 
Mills County, southwestern Iowa, where the Soil Conservation Serv- 
ice is constructing several very small reservoirs and terracing most of 
the adjacent valley area. Headquartered in the town of Glenwood, 
this party of eight, directed by Lionel A. Brown, had by the end of the 
year visited and tested six sites (three of which had not previously 
been recorded) and begun excavations in sites 13ML4 and 13ML18, 
both of which appear to be villages of rectangular (or square) houses 
of the Nebraska Aspect. 

On June 6 Dr. Elden Johnson of the University of Minnesota joined 
the staff of the Missouri Basin Project and spent 4 days in a brief 
investigation of the area of the James Diversion Project for detailed 
survey and excavation early in the next fiscal year. 

The single field party in the Yellowtail Reservoir area of Montana 
and Wyoming, directed by Wilfred M. Husted, consisted of a crew 
of seven which left Lincoln on June 11. This crew started in the upper 
reaches of the reservoir where Husted’s party left off the previous 
season. By the end of the year they had completed excavation of a 
small rock shelter and were continuing investigations on downstream. 

In the Oahe Reservoir area of central South Dakota, three field 
parties were operating at the end of the year. Robert W. Neuman, 
in charge of a crew of eight, began work on June 11 at the Grover 
Hand site (89DW240), a group of Woodland burial mounds on the 
right bank of the Missouri River some 9 miles below Mobridge. By the 
end of the year, Mound 1 at this site had been excavated. This mound 
contained a burial pit covered with timbers. Bison skeletons were 
found on the mound floor. 

The second Oahe party was directed by Oscar L. Mallory. With a 
crew of eight he began work on June 11 at site 39D W231, a presumed 
village or camp occupation site of the Plains Woodland Period that 
may be related to some of the burial mounds being dug by the Neuman 
party. The site is situated some 11 miles below Mobridge on the right 
bank of the Missouri River. Both the Neuman and Mallory crews 
camped at the Molstad ranch about a mile above the Grover Hand 
site, and both crews utilized 16-foot motorboats with 10-horsepower 
motors as their main means of transportation. This was necessitated 
by the high water of the Oahe Reservoir and the lack of roads in the 
area south of the Molstad ranch. 

The third Oahe party also began work on June 11 under the direc- 
tion of Dr. Alfred W. Bowers, who again joined the Missouri Basin 
Project staff for the summer, taking leave from his regular position 
at the University of Idaho. Dr. Bowers’ crew of 10 camped at the east 


92 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


edge of Mobridge and started digging on the Davis site (89CO14) at 
the west end of the Mobridge bridge. They had begun there the 
previous season and by the end of the year were well along with the 
excavations. They had also dug the last unexcavated lodge at the 
adjacent Red Horse site (89CO384) that Bowers’s crew excavated in 
the 1962 season. 

One historic-sites party was in the field at the end of the year, 
having begun work on June 14. This party, directed by G. Hubert 
Smith, was searching for some of the more obscure historic sites in the 
Big Bend Reservoir area, such as Loisel’s Trading Post, Fort 
Defiance-Bouis, and the Red Cloud Agency. If they find any of these 
sites they will begin a program of excavations. By the end of the 
year Smith had devoted considerable time to searching records in 
various historical files both in Pierre and at Fort Pierre. 

Three crews excavating prehistoric sites in the Big Bend area also 
began work on June 14. John J. Hoffman and a crew of 11 were at 
work at the end of the year on the series of sites, in the southeast cor- 
ner of Lyman County on the right bank of the Missouri some 20 miles 
below Pierre, known as the “La Roche Sites.” There, each of several 
sites has been called “La Roche” and much interpretation has been 
based on a concept of “La Roche.” Hoffman’s party was to excavate 
each of the sites and endeavor to identify some one element as La 
Roche and correlate the others with it. By the end of the year ex- 
cavations were well under way in 39ST9, the site which W. H. Over 
many years ago designated as La Roche. 

The second Big Bend field party was directed by William J. Folan, 
who joined the Smithsonian Institution staff, for the summer season, 
from Southern Dlinois University. This crew of eight camped with 
the Hoffman crew and was directing its attention to the same problem. 
The two crews started together on the same site so that they would 
begin with the same orientation. By the end of the year Folan’s crew 
was ready to move its operations to one of the other related sites in 
the area. All the sites appear to represent villages of late circular 
houses, or at least have one component of this “a Roche” trait. 

The third Big Bend field party was directed by Richard E. Jensen. 
It consisted of a crew of 11 and was camped on the left bank of the 
Missouri in the “pocket” of the Big Bend, some 40 miles by road below 
Pierre. It was to conduct excavations in a series of circular-house vil- 
lages nearby. By the end of the year progress had been made in work 
on the remains of an extensive, diffuse village, 39HU213. Widespread 
test trenching and the excavation of cache pits, middens, and a multiple 
burial had been completed. 

Dr. William M. Bass of the University of Kansas, and an assistant, 
Walter Birkby of the same institution, joined the Missouri Basin 


SECRETARY'S REPORT __ 93 


Project staff for the summer as temporary employees, in order to 
conduct laboratory research. Dr. Bass and his assistant analyzed a 
large quantity of skeletal material, excavated over the past several 
years by Dr. Bass, from several Missouri Basin sites in the Oahe 
Reservoir. Principal of these was the Sully site (89SL4) where 557 
burials have been recovered. Bass and Birkby were working in the 
new laboratory facilities at the University of Kansas in Lawrence. 

Cooperating institutions in the Missouri Basin at the end of the year 
included eight parties operating in five States. Dr. Dee C. Taylor 
and a Montana State University crew were continuing the shoreline 
survey of the Fort Peck Reservoir in east-central Montana, searching 
for and testing sites that had been exposed by bank erosion. Robert 
Gant and a University of South Dakota party were continuing a 
shoreline survey of the Gavins Point Reservoir in southeastern South 
Dakota, searching for and testing sites that had been exposed by bank 
erosion. Particular emphasis was being placed on the search for 
Plains Woodland and earlier sites. Both of these parties were con- 
tinuing work begun the previous season. Dr. Preston Holder, assisted 
by James Marshall and a crew of University of Nebraska students, 
was excavating the Glen Elder site in the Glen Elder Reservoir in 
Mitchell County, north-central Kansas, and was searching for and 
testing additional sites within that reservoir. Dr. Carlyle S. Smith, 
assisted by Jon Muller and a party of Kansas University students, 
began the survey and testing of sites in the area to be flooded by the 
Milford Reservoir in Clay County, north-central Kansas. Dr. Carl 
Chapman had three University of Missouri parties at work at the 
end of the year. One was a survey group locating and testing sites 
in the area to be flooded by the Hackleman Corners Reservoir in south- 
western Missouri. A second party was excavating sites in the Kay- 
singer Bluff Reservoir in west-central Missouri. The third party 
was digging sites in the Stockton Reservoir of west-central Missouri. 
Both of the latter were continuing work begun the previous season. 
Marvin F. Kivett, assisted by Dr. Roger T. Grange, Jr., and a Nebraska 
State Historical Society crew, surveyed two small reservoirs, Calamus 
and Davis Creek, in central Nebraska. Both surveys located only a 
few sites of doubtful archeological potential and it was recommended 
that no further work be done there unless material is uncovered during 
earth-moving operations for the construction of the two dams. 

The Missouri Basin Chronology Program had been in operation for 
514 years by the end of the year. Cooperation of nearly all the 
archeologists and archeological institutions in the Plains area con- 
tinued as in previous years, and leadership and direction of the pro- 
gram continued to be by the staff archeologists of the Missouri Basin 
Project. 


94 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 19638 


In October a Missouri Basin Project team composed of J. J. Hoff- 
man and Lee G. Madison joined Dr. Paul Sears of Yale University, 
Dr. J. G. Ogden of Ohio Wesleyan University, and Dr. Harry A. 
Tourtelot of the U.S. Geological Survey in a trip to collect fossil pollen 
cores in the sandhills of northwestern Nebraska. ‘The field trip was 
a part of the chronology program and a part of a continuing program 
of palynology designed to reconstruct prehistoric floral conditions 
for a portion of the Missouri Basin. Cores were collected at several 
of the fossil lakes in the area and will be analyzed by Dr. Ogden. 

Other chronology studies included a continuation of the dendro- 
chronology section under the direction of Dr. Warren W. Caldwell, 
with the volunteer assistance of Harry E. Weakly. The carbon-14 
section continued to progress with the addition of 16 new dated 
samples of vegetal material, tested by the laboratory of Isotopes, Inc., 
of Westwood, N.J. Robert W. Neuman continued to be in charge 
of this section of the program and submitted several samples for 
dating to the new carbon-14 laboratory at the Smithsonian Institution 
in Washington, D.C. In addition, two samples were sent to the Uni- 
versity of Texas for analysis in its carbon-14 laboratory. 

The laboratory and office staff of the Missouri Basin Project devoted 
most of its full effort during the year to processing specimen materials 
for study, photographing and illustrating specimens, preparing speci- 
men records, and typing, filing, and illustrating record and manuscript 
materials. The accomplishments of the laboratory and office staff are 
listed in tables 1 and 2. 

Dr. Robert L. Stephenson, chief, devoted a large part of his time 
during the year to management of the overall Missouri Basin Project, 
including the office and laboratory in Lincoln, the several field activi- 
ties, and the preparation of plans and budgets. His individual arche- 
ological research and report writing was minimal during the year, 
but some further progress was made on the monograph “The Whitney 
Reservoir, Texas” and on analyses of specimens from his excavations 
at the Sully site (89SL4) in the Oahe Reservoir. He made final 
revisions on his manuscript “The Accokeek Creek Site: A Middle At- 
lantic Seaboard Culture Sequence” and submitted it to the University 
of Michigan for publication. He also revised a paper he read at the 
1962 meeting of the Society for American Archeology, entitled “Ad- 
ministrative Problems of the River Basin Surveys,” for publication in 
American Antiquity. He continued to serve as chairman of the Mis- 
sour! Basin Chronology Program; as assistant editor of “Current 
Research” in the Plains Area for American Antiquity; and, until 
December 1, as associate editor of the Plains Anthropologist. On 
December 1 he became editor of that journal. He also participated in 


SECRETARY'S REPORT __ 95 


the Visiting Scientist Program of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences 
and lectured to student groups at Sutton and Sidney, Nebr. 

_ Dr. Stephenson attended the 1914 Plains Conference in Pierre, 
S. Dak., in July and served as a panel member in a symposium on “The 
Salvage Program So Far.” At the 20th Plains Conference in Lincoln 
on Thanksgiving weekend he served as local arrangements chairman 
and as chairman of a symposium on “Plains Chronology.” During 
the period of December 12-21 he attended the “Management Develop- 
ment Program for Field Managers” of the U.S. Department of Agri- 
culture Graduate School, held on the Voorhis Campus of California 
State Polytechnic College in San Dimas, Calif. He attended the 73d 
annual meeting of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences in Lincoln on 
April 27 and the annual meeting of the Society for American Arche- 
ology in Boulder, Colo., on May 1-3. While at Boulder he participated 
in the meeting of the Committee for the Recovery of Archeological 
Remains and reported on the year’s activities of the Missouri Basin 
Project and on the prospects for the coming year. He wrote several 
book reviews for scientific journals, gave talks to various local civic 
organizations on the work of the River Basin Surveys, and represented 
the Smithsonian Institution at special occasions at the invitation of 
Iecal civic organizations. He served throughout the second half of 
the year on the organizing committee for the INQUA meetings to be 
held in Boulder, Colo., in September 1965, and was named as one of 
the field conference organizers for a preconference field trip through 
the Plains area. 

Lionel A. Brown, archeologist, when not in charge of field parties, 
devoted most of his time to analyzing specimen materials he had 
recovered during the past year and to materials recovered by others 
in the Missouri Basin in previous years. He completed a major 
draft of a manuscript entitled “Archeology of the Lower Yellowtail 
Reservoir, Montana,” which describes the work and material recovered 
from the several sites that he excavated and tested in that area during 
the summer of 1963. He completed a major draft of a preliminary 
manuscript entitled “Archeological Investigations in the Pony Creek 
Watershed, Iowa,” which describes the work and reports the analyses 
of materials he recovered from that area of southwestern Iowa in 
the spring of 1962. This manuscript will be combined with the report 
of the work currently being done in that area to form an overall pub- 
lication on the Pony Creek researches. In the early spring he studied 
the specimens and field records from the Gillette site (39ST23) in 
the Oahe Reservoir, excavated by Donald D. Hartle of the Missouri 
Basin Project in 1957, and nearly completed the major draft of a 
manuscript covering those investigations. 


96 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


In July Mr. Brown addressed the Billings Archeological Society in 
Billings, Mont., on the subject “The Amateur Archeologist in the 
Salvage Program.” During Thanksgiving weekend he attended the 
20th Plains Conference in Lincoln and presented two papers, “A 
Survey of the Pony Creek Watershed” and “Archeology of the Lower 
Yellowtail Reservoir.” Both were published in abstract in the Pro- 
ceedings of the 73d Meeting of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences. 
He attended the meetings of the Society for American Archeology 
in Boulder, Colo., on May 1-38. At the end of the year he was again 
excavating archeological sites in the Pony Creek area of Iowa. 

Dr. Warren W. Caldwell, archeologist, was in the field from the 
beginning of the year until the end of August. He devoted the re- 
mainder of his time to specimen and field-record studies concerning 
sites that he had excavated in previous years. Primary attention was 
devoted to the analyses (with Richard E. Jensen) of sites 39LM208, 
39LM209, and 391L.M232, excavated last year in the Big Bend Reser- 
voir of South Dakota by Caldwell and Jensen. He completed the 
analytical studies and began a manuscript reporting the results. He 
also completed analyzing materials from, and prepared a major draft 
of a monograph on, “Investigations at the McKensey Village (39AR- 
201), South Dakota,” a site that he excavated in 1960. In collabora- 
tion with G. Hubert Smith, he prepared and submitted for publication 
a handbook for the U.S. Corps of Engineers’ Reservoir Series, entitled 
“Oahe Reservoir: Archeology, History and Geology.” ‘This was the 
fourth handbook in this series, prepared by the same authors. He also 
prepared a popular article on “Fortified Villages of the Dakotas,” 
published in Missouwrt Basin Progress. He published two book re- 
views in the Plains Anthropologist and prepared several administra- 
tive and progress reports concerning the work of the Missouri Basin 
Project. 

Dr. Caldwell participated in the 1914 Plains Conference in Pierre 
in July and discussed his current fieldwork. He participated in the 
20th Plains Conference in Lincoln at the end of November, presenting 
a paper on “Investigations in the Lower Big Bend Reservoir, South 
Dakota” and also serving as a panel member on “Plains Chronology,” 
presenting a discussion of “Dendrochronology in the Plains—Past 
and Present.” He attended the 73d annual meeting of the Nebraska 
Academy of Sciences and presented a paper, “Primus in Orbe Deos 
Fecit Timor or Ceramics ad Nauseam,” that was published in abstract 
in the Proceedings of the meeting. His paper “Fortified Villages of 
the Northern Plains” was read in absentia at the annual meeting of 
the Society for American Archeology in Boulder, Colo., on May 3. 
Throughout the year he continued to serve as chairman of the dendro- 
chronology section of the Missouri Basin Chronology Program, as con- 


SECRETARY’S REPORT - 97 


tributing editor for book reviews for the Plains Anthropologist, and as 
_ collaborator for the Plains area for “Abstracts of New World Archeol- 
ogy.” He participated in the visiting scientist program of the Ne- 
braska Academy of Sciences, lecturing to student groups at Gretna, 
Nebr., on January 8. During the period from September to June, on 
annual-leave time, he served as part-time assistant professor in the 
Department of Anthropology at the University of Nebraska and 
taught a course on “The American Indian.” At the end of the year 
he was in the Lincoln laboratory analyzing specimens from past field- 
work. 

John J. Hoffman, archeologist, when not in the field conducting 
excavations, devoted most of his time to laboratory analyses and prep- 
aration of reports resulting from his work of the past season. He 
completed the analyses of specimen materials and records of his 1962 
excavations at the Molstad Village site (89D W234) in the Oahe Reser- 
voir area and prepared a major draft of a manuscript on this work. 
He completed a short article on the “Molstad Village and the La 
Roche Sites” and submitted it to the Plains Anthropologist for publi- 
cation. By the time he returned to the field in June he was well along 
on a manuscript entitled “The Swift Bird Lodge (39DW233).” In 
July, Hoffman attended the 1914 Plains Conference in Pierre and 
reported on his fieldwork during the season. At Thanksgiving, he 
presented a paper at the 73d annual meeting of the Nebraska Academy 
of Sciences in Lincoln entitled “Temporal Ordering of the Chouteau 
Aspect.” The end of the year found him again in the field engaged 
in archeological excavations. 

Wilfred M. Husted, archeologist, while not in the field conducting 
archeological excavations, was at work in the laboratory analyzing 
materials and preparing reports on his activities in the field during 
the 1962 season and also on materials that others had collected in pre- 
vious seasons. He wrote a “Preliminary Report of the 1962 Archeo- 
logical Investigation in the Upper Yellowtail Reservoir,” which will 
be combined with a study of his 1968 season’s work in the same area 
so that there will be a comprehensive monograph on the archeology of 
that region. He also completed the laboratory analyses of, and pre- 
pared a major draft of a monograph on “The Brice (39L.M31) and 
Clarkstown (39L.M47) Sites, Fort Randall Reservoir.” These two 
sites were excavated in 1954 by the late Paul L. Cooper. At the 20th 
Plains Conference, November 22-24 in Lincoln, he presented a paper 
entitled “Investigations in Upper Yellowtail Reservoir, Montana- 
Wyoming.” 

Richard E. Jensen, archeologist, spent July, August, and June 
in the field conducting archeological excavations and the remainder 
of the year in the laboratory in Lincoln analyzing materials and 


98 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


writing reports. He prepared descriptions of the artifacts and fea- 
tures recovered from the Langdeau site (39LM209), the Jiggs Thomp- 
son site (839L.M202), and the Pretty Head site (891L.M232), which he 
excavated in conjunction with Dr. Caldwell. They include various 
statistical analyses relative to sequential alinements and relation- 
ships to other sites. In July he gave a report of his current field work 
at the 1914 Plains Conference in Pierre. During Thanksgiving he at- 
tended the 20th Plains Conference in Lincoln. On May 18, accom- 
panied by J. J. Hoffman and Dr. Stephenson, he attended an informal 
conference on Dakota pottery typology in Vermillion, S. Dak. He 
and Hoffman proceeded from Vermillion to the Big Bend Reservoir 
area to select campsites for the summer. At the end of the year he 
was again in the field excavating archeological sites in the Big Bend 
Reservoir area. 

Oscar L. Mallory, archeologist, when not in the field was at work 
in the laboratory examining materials previously collected. He stud- 
ied the background data and analyzed the specimens obtained from 
the “Missouri Breaks” area of Montana and prepared a report on 
the work entitled “An Archeological Appraisal of the Missouri Breaks 
Region, Montana.” He then began a detailed analysis of the unusual 
collection of perishable goods from the Mouat Cliff Burial site 
(24TH401) excavated last year by the Billings Archeological Society, 
in central Montana, near Hardin. He spent much of his evening and 
weekend time working on “A Comparative Cultural Analysis of Tex- 
tiles from McGregor Cave, Washington,” his thesis for a master of 
arts degree at Washington State College. In April he served, with 
Robert W. Neuman, as adviser to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 
in conference with the local community developers of Mobridge, S. 
Dak., on a project to reconstruct an earth-lodge village in that area 
He presented a paper, “Survey of the Missouri Breaks Area,” at the 
20th Plains Conference in Lincoln on Thanksgiving weekend. At 
the close of the year he was conducting archeological excavations in 
the Oahe Reservoir area. 

Robert W. Neuman, archeologist, when not in the field was mainly 
at work in the laboratory doing research on materials excavated by 
him in past years in the Oahe and Big Bend Reservoir areas. From 
October 6 to 13 he was on loan to the University of South Dakota to 
assist in salvage excavations at the Wolfe Creek Mound site (89HT- 
201) in Hutchinson County, S. Dak. In the laboratory, he corrected 
galley proof on his monograph “The Good Soldier Site (391L.M238), 
Lyman County, South Dakota,” being published by the Bureau of 
American Ethnology as a River Basin Surveys Paper. He did re- 
search on materials from his Big Bend excavations and brought to 
near completion a manuscript on “Preceramic Occupations in the Big 
Bend Reservoir Area, South Dakota.” He also served as chairman of 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 99 


the radiocarbon section of the Missouri Basin Chronology Program. 
He reported on his current fieldwork at the 1914 Plains Conference in 


Pierre in J uly. He attended the 20th Plains Conference in Lincoln, 


November 22-24, where he served as a panel member in the sym- 
posium on “Plains Chronology,” presenting a discussion of “Carbon- 
14 on the Plains—Past, Present and Future.” In mid-April he and 
Oscar L. Mallory served as advisers to the U.S. Army Corps of Engi- 
neers in discussions with local community supporters of a project to 
reconstruct an earth-lodge village near Mobridge, S. Dak. On April 
27 he served as chairman of the Anthropology Section of the 738d 
annual meeting of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences in Lincoln and 
presented a paper entitled “A Brief Review of Anthropology in the 
Nebraska Academy of Sciences,” that was published in abstract in the 
Proceedings of the meeting. This was the best attended and had the 
largest selection of outstanding papers of any of the meetings of this 
section of the Academy since its inception. He also attended the 
annual meetings of the Society for American Archeology in Boulder, 
Colo., May 1-8, where he presented a paper entitled “Check Stamping 
on the Northern Plains,” that has been accepted for publication in 
American Antiquity. At the end of the year Neuman was conducting 
excavations in the Oahe Reservoir area. 

G. Hubert Smith, archeologist, spent July, August, and the last half 
of June conducting archeological excavations, and during the re- 
mainder of the year was in the Lincoln office analyzing and doing 
rsearch on materials from historic sites in the Missouri Basin that he 
had excavated in previous years. He completed a report on the field- 
work done at the site of Fort George (39ST202) in the summer of 1962, 
and had a major draft of that manuscript ready for final typing at 
the end of the year. He continued with the preparation of the com- 
prehensive report on the site of “Like-a-Fishhook Village and Fort 
Berthold I and II (32ML2), North Dakota.” With Dr. Caldwell he 
prepared a popular booklet on “The Oahe Reservoir: Archeology, 
History and Geology,” that was published by the U.S. Army Corps 
of Engineers in their Reservoir Series, of which this is the fifth. He 
also prepared a book review published in American Antiquity in 
April. 

Smith attended the 1914 Plains Conference in Pierre in July and 
reported on his current fieldwork. During the Thanksgiving weekend 
he attended the Plains Conference in Lincoln, where he reported on 
“Excavations at Fort George, South Dakota.” On January 10, he 
was the featured speaker at the meeting of the Yankton County His- 
torical Society in Yankton, S. Dak., where he gave an illustrated 
talk on “Salvage Archeology.” On April 27 he attended the 73d 
annual meeting of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences in Lincoln and 
presented a paper entitled “EKthnographic Contributions of Ferdinand 


100 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


V. Hayden.” He attended the 17th annual meeting of the Mississippi 
Valley Historical Association and took part in the historic sites com- 
mittee meeting of that group. He addressed the Kansas City Ar- 
cheological Society on “Historical Archeology in the Missouri Basin” 
on May 7, and on May 19 he gave an illustrated talk on “Historic 
Buildings of Nebraska” at the Nebraska State Historical Society in 
Lincoln. At the end of the year he was again in the field conducting 
investigations of historic sites in the Big Bend Reservoir. 


TABLE 1.—Specimens processed, July 1, 1962-June 30,1963 


Number Catalog | Number of 
Reservoir of sites numbers | specimens 
assigned | processed 


IBM] BXEh oY La pty UNS, a aN aren a gC OP I Oa SER 13 | 4,354 | 24, 196 
Missounisbreaikcus sa: tet utd ong ile Bo aI UT Sh eae 24 178 390 
Oahe Pao aie Wue: Bina PENI RISD BE DERE: a a 10 | 2,978 | 22, 400 
Promypi@ ree Kowy pes Uae eras BY Uc eupiin dana Ae ba eA EO 13 408 1, 775 
Yiellowtailaiy stee amen wp he Lee sath Sel ls Mes ei ag 22 1, 749 3, 038 

ite tOcals ewes y esl seule e eee Nees Cote. eve hs 82 | 9,667 | 51, 799 
Collections not assigned site numbers_____________ 2 11 24 

Overallécollectionstotalsae=. seers 84 9, 678 51, 823 


As of June 30, 1963, the Missouri Basin Project had cataloged 
1,391,219 specimens from 2,410 numbered sites and 60 collections not 
assigned site numbers. 


Specimens restored: Five pottery vessels and six vessel sections. 

Specimens donated to the Missouri Basin Project for comparative use: 
By the W. H. Over Museum, University of South Dakota, courtesy of Dr. Wesley 
R. Hurt—75 pot rim sherds collected from 89GR1 (Scalp Creek site), 39WW7 
(Swan Creek site), and 389WW303. These sherds respresent eight pottery wares, 
namely: Akaska, Le Beau, Randall, Rygh, Scalp, Steamboat, Swan Creek, and 
Talking Crow. 


TABLE 2.—Record material processed, July 1, 1962—June 80, 1963 


MISSOURI BASIN PROJECT 


Reflex . copies. of records 222200 — 00 Ri We Se 8, 967 
Bhotographiew negatives): ra aie eee eee Pe 3, 128 
Bhotographie prints made we eee eee Cs ee eis Se ae ee 13, 712 
Photographic prints mounted and filed_______-___-_______- === = 7, 660 
Trans PAareNCLeEs| 1a OUIUCS pinay ees ye ee ae ee ea 66 
Kodachrome pl eEUre|s stalker ira Mealy eee aN aN naa lp a [2 
Cartographic! tra cimes) acy clr awa 11 oie ee eee 38 
TUS trations 202 ah i VR RUE ANA ek SRO aA 0 eer A a Ee Nea 27 
ettering Of} plate ga Co ea iL Se ET 8 Ee A a 12 
Profiles: diraywanes tier vis eine ns eta sl Re oie e ah Deak ie: Net an 92 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 101 


Virginia.—During the period September 10-November 18, 1962, 
Carl F. Miller conducted excavations in four sites in the Smith Moun- 


tain and Leesville reservoir areas. Data obtained indicate that the 


cultural range represented extended from the terminal phase of Late 
Archaic around 4000 B.C. to the Middle Woodland Period at about 
A.D. 500. One of the characteristic artifacts normally associated 
with such remains, namely, stone projectile points, was scarce, while 
ceramics and bone tools were rather plentiful. There were numerous 
portions and fragments from clay tobacco pipes. Asa matter of fact, 
those particular objects were much more numerous than has been 
indicated by evidence from that general area. 

Mr. Miller returned to the Smith Mountain Project area on May 
15, 1963, and from that date until the end of the fiscal year was 
occupied in the excavation of the Hales Ford site (44FR15). In 
the work there thirty-seven 10-foot squares were dug to a depth of 
5 feet; 1386 features and 1 partial burial were recovered. The burial, 
representing an early Middle Woodland Phase, was that of a male 
who was about 60 years of age at the time of death. Mortuary offer- 
ings consisted of two turtle-shell dishes. The use of turtle shells 
for dishes apparently was a well-established trait at that location. 
At least two new pottery types were found at the Hales Ford site, 
and they were apparently correlated to a similar textile-impressed 
type found in the John H. Kerr Reservoir area farther south on the 
Roanoke River. The latter, however, produced much less of this 
type than the Smith Mountain Reservoir. The significance of this 
will need to be determined by further studies in the laboratory. The 
projectile points recovered are sufficient in number to illustrate a 
developmental series. This also is true of clay pipes. The bone mate- 
rial was particularly well preserved, and several new types of arti- 
facts were recovered. Potsherds number into the thousands, and it 
will be possible to restore a number of vessels from them. No Euro- 
pean material was found at the site, which apparently was abandoned 
well before the White man’s influence reached that part of 
Virginia. No evidence was obtained relative to habitations and con- 
sequently nothing is known of the type of dwelling used at that 
locality. 

The material from the combined work in the fall of 1962 and the 
spring of 1963 will give an excellent source of information about a 
fairly long period of occupation in the upper reaches of the Roanoke 
River. 


ARCHIVES 
The Bureau archives continued under the custody of Mrs. Margaret 
C. Blaker, archivist. She was assisted throughout the year by Miss 
707-317—63—_8 


102 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


Regina M. Solzbacher, and on a part-time basis by Miss Margaret 
V. Lee. 

During the week of September 30—October 6, Mrs. Blaker attended 
the annual meeting of the Society of American Archivists in Roches- 
ter, N.Y., and searched for early photographs of American Indians in 
the collections of George Eastman House, the Rochester Historical 
Society, and the Rochester Museum of Arts and Sciences. <A con- 
siderable number of fine stereoscopic views of the 1870’s and 1880’s 
were located at Eastman House, and copies of them are currently 
being made for the Bureau collections. At the University of Roches- 
ter Library Mrs. Blaker examined the notebooks of Louis Henry 
Morgan that deal with his visits to the Seneca Indians, and the cir- 
culars containing the original information collected and used by 
Morgan in preparing his Systems of Consanguinity, published by 
the Smithsonian in 1870. Microfilm duplicates of the circulars will 
be made available to the Bureau through the library’s special col- 
lections division. 

On October 12-15 Mrs. Blaker attended the joint annual meeting 
of the American Indian Ethnohistoric Conference and the Iroquois 
Conference at Albany, N.Y., and examined photographic and other 
pictorial resources on the American Indian in the New York State 
Museum. On November 14-19 she attended the annual meeting of 
the American Anthropological Association in Chicago and examined 
pictorial resources in the Newberry Library and the Chicago Natural 
History Museum. On May 20-21 she visited Carlisle, Pa., to see 
photographs in the collections of the Army War College and the 
Hamilton Library. Both of these institutions have albums of ex- 
cellent photographs of the students who attended Carlisle Indian 
school and of their parents, many of them distinguished chiefs, who 
visited the school. Arrangements for borrowing the albums for copy- 
ing are in progress. 

Ethnographic notes of the late Lyda Averill Taylor, on the Alabama, 
Choctaw, and Koasati, collected in Polk County, Tex., in 1936-40, and 
a partial draft of a manuscript on comparative southeastern ethnol- 
ogy, were received from John M. Goggin, to whom they had been 
given in 1960 by Walter W. Taylor. 

A ledger containing drawings of war scenes, apparently all drawn 
by the same Indian artist, was acquired. The book is undated and 
the artist unidentified, but he was probably a Cheyenne, since the short 
written titles indicate that the winners of the contests depicted were 
Cheyennes. Cheyenne warfare with a number of different tribes is 
portrayed—Osage, Snake (Shoshoni), Pawnee, Ute, Crow, Shawnee, 
Sac and Fox, Navaho, and Pueblo. There are also a number of 
pictures of combat with the U.S. Army. Two pictures depict the 


SECRETARY'S REPORT 103 


Cheyenne Indian “Horse Road in fight with General Miles near 
Red River,” and another, the historic fight of the Cheyenne with 
Forsyth’s scouts at Beecher’s Island on September 17, 1868, in which 
Chief Roman Nose was killed. Another drawing depicts a Cheyenne 
battle with soldiers under Lieutenant Henley, 6th Cavalry, on Smoky 
Hill River, and one shows Indians running off cavalry horses at Fort 
Dodge, 1865. 

A sketchbook containing crayon and pencil drawings of Indian 
life on the Plains, made by a Cheyenne Indian named Buffalo Meat, 
while he was a prisoner at Fort Marion, Fla., about 1875 was received 
asa gift from Miss Julia Whiting of Middleburg, Va. 

A photograph of an oil painting of the Comanche chief Yellow 
Wolf, made in 1859 by Col. Arthur T. Lee, and a photograph of a draw- 
ing made by Yellow Wolf were received through the courtesy of 
Charles F. Hayes III, of the Rochester Museum of Arts and Sciences, 
Rochester, N.Y., which owns the originals. 

Negatives of four sketches of Missisauga Indians, three of Hurons 
and two of Creek Indians, all drawn by Basil Hall in 1827-28, were 
obtained from the Lilly Library, Indiana University, which owns 
the original drawings. 

An important collection of photographic negatives and prints, taken 
by Jesse Hastings Bratley in the period 1893-ca. 1903, while he was 
teaching at Indian schools in the West, was lent by Francis V. Crane, 
director of the Southeast Museum, Marathon, Fla. A total of 280 
copy hegatives were made and added to the Bureau files. Most of the 
negatives relate to the Dakota Indians of Rosebud Reservation, S. 
Dak.; the Havasupai of Cataract Canyon, Ariz.; and the Hopi of 
Polacca, Ariz. There are also a few photographs of Salish Indians 
of Puget Sound, and of Cheyenne and Arapaho from Contonment, 
Okla. 

A series of 36 negatives taken at the mouth of Windy River, north- 
western extremity of Neultin Lake, southwestern Keewatin, Canada, 
in 1947 shows Caribou Eskimo and a few Cree Indians. The negatives 
include portraits; camp scenes showing food and hide preparation; 
and views of transport by canoe and on foot with pack and dog travois. 
They were made and donated by Dr. Francis Harper, Chapel Hill, 
N.C. Dr. Harper also donated five negatives showing Poosepatuck 
men and native fishing equipment, taken by him at the Poosepatuck 
Reservation, Mastic, Long Island, in 1909 and 1910. 

A series of 11 photographs taken at the Poosepatuck Reservation, 
Mastic, Long Island, showing members of the Poosepatuck tribe, and 
views taken at the June meeting at Poosepatuck in 1912, were copied 
from an album of snapshots owned by Walter B. Raynor, Patchogue, 
N.Y. Two photographs of White men’s hunting camps having pal- 


104 § ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


metto-thatch structures built in the Seminole style were from the same 
album. 

Nineteen portraits of Jicarilla Apaches and views taken on the 
Jicarilla Reservation near Dulce, N. Mex., ca. 1915-62, were copied 
from photographs lent by Dr. D. Harper Sims, Arlington, Va. 

Negatives of four views of the monument on the grave of the Choc- 
taw chief Pushmataha, in the Congressional Cemetery, Washington, 
D.C., were deposited by Dr. William C. Sturtevant. 

A photograph of a Shoshoni chief, Jack Edmo, and his family, 
taken about 1917, was donated by Mrs. Arthur White, Middleburg, 
Va. 

A collection of 90 Indian portraits from the studios of a number of 
late 19th-century commercial photographers was obtained through 
Carl Russell, Orinda, Calif. Over 50 of the portraits are of members 
of various Dakota tribes; other tribes represented are Apache, Crow, 
Diegueno, Maricopa, Papago, and Yuma. 

A collection of approximately 675 photographic negatives made in 
the approximate period 1900-1920 has been acquired but is not yet 
cataloged in detail. The collection consists of studio and outdoor 
portraits, camp scenes, views of dances, and other subjects. Of the 
more than 25 tribes represented, the principal ones are: Apache, 
Arapaho, Assiniboin, and Gros Ventres; Blackfoot, Cheyenne, Crow, 
Dakota, Eskimo, Hopi, Osage, Pawnee, Seminole, and Wichita. 


LIBRARY 


During the year 1962-63, work continued on the organization of 
the collection and its records under the supervision of Mrs. Carol 
Jopling in the Bureau of American Ethnology Library. 

When the library’s maps were evaluated, several very old sti rare 
ones were discovered. Among them were a Nicholas Visscher map of 
the Western Hemisphere, Vovissima et Accuratissima Totius Amer- 
icae, and Nova Belgica et Anglia Nova by W. J. Blaeu (Amsterdam, 
1635). Of particular interest to the Bureau, however, was the Census 
of the State of California (1852) map and a quantity of other North 
American maps with linguistic and archeological annotations. 

Some fine books were given to the library, including a set by Sir 
Richard Phillips, A Collection of Modern and Contemporary Voyages 
and Travels (London, 1805-) presented by Dr. Frank H. H. Roberts, 
Jr. 

The librarian attended the Special Libraries Convention in Denver, 
June 9-14, 1963, and visited a number of libraries and museums having 
special collections on the North American Indian and Western history. 


| 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 105 


The following statistics will serve to indicate some of the work 
conducted in the library : 


Reference questions answered___-_-_-_-___________-______ 1, 820 
TT ATA USCS Sat sa sk a ee ee 1, 301 
Publications circulated==—2- =~ 2s ee 1, O71 
Hoans. to other libraries: 2.2 151 
iWolumes Sent; for) binding 2222s oso a eer eee 1, 103 


EDITORIAL WORK AND PUBLICATIONS 


The editorial work of the Bureau continued during the year under 
the immediate direction of Mrs. Eloise B. Edelen. The following 
publications were issued: 


Seventy-ninth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 1961-62. 
ii+29 pp., 2 pls. 1963. 

Bulletin 181. Isleta paintings, with introduction and commentary by Elsie 
Clews Parsons. Edited by Esther 8S. Goidfrank. xvi-+299 pp., 142 pls. 1962. 

Bulletin 182. River Basin Surveys Papers, No. 25. Frank H. H. Roberts, Jr., 
editor. xvi-+447 pp., 110 pls., 65 figs., 20 maps. 1962. 

Archeology of the John H. Kerr Reservoir Basin, Roanoke River, Virginia- 
North Carolina, by Carl F. Miller. With appendix: Human skeletal re- 
mains from the Tollifero (Ha6) and Clarksville (Mc14) sites, John H. 
Kerr Reservoir Basin, Virginia, by Lucile E. Hoyme and William M. Bass. 

Bulletin 184. The Pueblo of Sia, New Mexico, by Leslie A. White. xii+-358 pp., 
12 pls., 55 figs. 1962. 

Bulletin 185. River Basin Surveys Papers, Nos. 26-32, Frank H. H. Roberts, Jr. 
editor. xii+344 pp., 57 pls., 48 figs. 5 maps. 1963. 

No. 26. Small sites on and about Fort Berthold Reservation, Garrison 
Reservoir, North Dakota, by George Metcalf. 

No. 27. Star Village: A fortified historic Arikara site in Mercer County, 
North Dakota, by George Metcalf. 

No. 28. The dance hall of the Santee Bottoms on the Fort Berthold Reserva- 
tion, Garrison Reservoir, North Dakota, by Donald D. Hartle. 

No. 29. Crow-Flies-High (82MZ1), a historic Hidatsa village in the Garrison 
Reservoir area, North Dakota, by Carling Malouf. 

No. 30. The Stutsman Focus: An aboriginal culture complex in the James- 
town Reservoir Area, North Dakota, by R. P. Wheeler. 

No. 31. Archeological manifestations in the Toole County section of the 
Tiber Reservoir Basin, Montana, by Carl F. Miller. 

No. 32. Archeological salvage investigations in the Lovewell Reservoir 
Area, Kansas, by Robert W. Neuman. 

Bulletin 188. Shonto: A study of the role of the trader in a modern Navaho 
Community, by William Y. Adams. xi-+329 pp., 10 pls., 3 figs., 3 maps, 12 
charts. 1963. 


Publications distributed totaled 17,722 as compared with 19,326 for 
the fiscal year 1962. 
ILLUSTRATIONS 


The staff artist for the Bureau of American Ethnology, E. G. Schu- 
macher, prepared the illustrations to accompany 16 manuscripts to be 


106 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


published by the Bureau, some as entire bulletins and others composing 
bulletins in the Anthropological Papers and the River Basin Surveys 
Papers series. The work included the drawing or redrawing of maps, 
diagrams, charts, and other text figures, and effectively combining and 
mounting photographs, all covering the fields of anthropology, arche- 
ology, and ethnology. Approximately 500 illustrations were prepared. 


MISCELLANEOUS 


Dr. M. W. Stirling, Dr. A. J. Waring, and Sister Inez Hilger con- 
tinued as research associates. Dr. Wallace L. Chafe, linguist on the 
staff of the Bureau from April 4, 1959, resigned on August 20, 1962, 
to accept an associate professorship in the department of linguistics at 
the University of California in Berkeley. 

In addition to the usual extensive correspondence answering specific 
questions, many of which were of a technical nature, the Bureau pre- 
pared several bibliographies to provide reference material for which 
there has been recurring demand. Among those recently compiled, 
the following were printed by the multilith process: 

SIL-2, 3d rev., 6/63: Selected bibliography on arrowheads. 5 pp. 
SIL-105, rev., 7/62: Selected bibliography on Cherokee customs and history. 


6 pp. 
SIL-174, rev., 6/63: Selected references on the Indians of Southeastern North 


America. Compiled by William C. Sturtevant. 17 pp. 

SIL-363, 4/63: Bibliography of wild food plants of Canadian Indians. Compiled 
by F. R. Irvine. 13 pp. 
Other bibliographies prepared are in typescript. 

More than 100 specimens, both ethnological and archeological, were 
received by mail or brought to the office for identification and such 
information as could be provided by Bureau specialists. 

Respectfully submitted. 

Frank H. H. Roserts, Jr., Director. 
Dr. LronarD CARMICHAEL, 
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. 


Report on the National Zoological Park 


Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the condi- 
tion and operations of the National Zoological Park for the fiscal year 
ended June 30, 1963 : 

GIFTS 


A number of accessions to the animal collection were due to the 
generosity of friends of the National Zoological Park. On January 6, 
1963, a fine Bengal tiger arrived from the zoo in Ahmedabad, India, 
as a gift from Ralph Scott of Washington and Miami Beach. AI- 
though Samson is a normally colored tiger, he carries the white genes, 
being both half-brother and uncle to Mohini, the Zoo’s white tigress. 
Samson was bred under the direction of the Maharajah of Rewa. The 
two animals are now living together, and it is hoped that they will 
produce white cubs. 

Edward D. Sweeney and Ralph E. Becker, both of Washington, pre- 
sented a pair of husky young polar bears which they acquired on a 
voyage to the Arctic last summer. 

The U.S. Air Force retired Ham, the chimpanzee astronaut, which 
on January 31, 1961, soared through space in a capsule boosted by an 
83-foot Redstone rocket. Ham/’s 16-minute ride took him to a height 
of 155 miles and a distance of 420 miles down the coast from Cape 
Canaveral. He seems to have adjusted nicely to his comparatively 
quiet routine in the Zoo’s ape quarters, which he entered on April 5, 
1963. 

The U.S. Forest Service captured a young adult female (cinnamon 
phase) American black bear, which was flown to Washington from 
New Mexico and installed in a cage adjoining that of the famous 
Smokey Bear. The formal presentation was made on September 8 
by New Mexico Forester Ray L. Bell on behalf of the Department 
of Game and Fish and the New Mexico State Land Office, the Ghost 
Ranch Museum, and the Governor and Senators of New Mexico. 
“Goldie,” soon to be “Mrs. Smokey,” was accepted on behalf of the 
Smithsonian Institution by Dr. Carmichael. 

The State of Hawaii sent a pair of nene, or Hawaiian geese. A 
few years ago these birds were threatened with extinction by hunters 
and predators. The State Fish and Game Division undertook a pro- 
gram of propagating the birds in captivity and then releasing them 
to join wild birds in sanctuary areas on Hawaiian volcanoes, and the 


107 


108 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


numbers have now increased. The nene, the State bird of Hawaii, is 

an attractive bird and an interesting addition to the national collec- 

tion; it had not been exhibited here since 1936. The pair was pre- 
sented by the Honorable Daniel K. Inouye, Senator from Hawaii, on 

June 19, 1963, and formally accepted by the Secretary of the Smith- 

sonian Institution. The Zoo is grateful to Paul Breese, Director of 

the Honolulu Zoo, for his efforts in obtaining for it these rare speci- 
mens. 

Through Alton W. Hemba, American Consul General at Guayaquil, 
Ecuador, a large Galapagos tortoise (from Albemarle Island) was 
received asa gift from Dr. Jorge E. Proano P. 

Volkmar Wentzel, of the National Geographic Society, presented to 
the Zoo a young specimen of the giant forest rat which he obtained 
during his travels in Africa. This animal is now more than 2 feet 
long (including the tail) and is still growing. 

Dr. Doris M. Cochran, curator of reptiles and amphibians at the 
U.S. National Museum, presented a number of reptiles collected on a 
trip to Central and South America. 

A gift of two hummingbirds, Heliomaster squamosus and Colibri 
delphinae greenewaltii, was received from Dr. Augusto Ruschi, Santa 
Teresa, Brazil. Dr. Ruschi is an authority on the Colibridae and is 
noted for his splendid collection of live birds. His visit to the Na- 
tional Zoological Park last September established the standards and 
methods of care for a large group of hummingbirds to be applied 
when the renovation of the birdhouse is completed. 

Kenneth Sather, Round Lake, Minn., sent four giant Canada geese 
(Branta canadensis major), a form previously thought to be extinct: 
a welcome addition to the waterfowl collection. 

The National Zoological Park’s animal collection has also been gen- 
erously enriched by the Eistophos Science Club of Washington, D.C., 
and Mrs. Joseph Campbell, also of Washington. 

Space does not permit listing all gifts received in the course of the 
year, but the following are of special interest : 

Bogley, Samuel W., III, Hyattsville, Md., woolly monkey. 

Cochran, Dr. Doris, Washington, D.C., bronze vine snake, 2 Central American 
toads, Brazilian striped frog, Raddi’s frog, Brazilian light-spotted frog, 14 
diamondback terrapins, South American water turtle. 

Dembin, Edward and Eugene, Washington, D.C., Western indigo snake, red- 
tailed boa, boa constrictor, bull snake. 

DePrato, Mario, Washington, D.C., river frog, Hermann’s tortoise. 

Florida Nurserymen and Growers Association, Key Biscayne, Fla., through Jim 
Griffin, 2 mandarin ducks, chestnut-breasted teal, 2 fulvous tree ducks. 

Fulton, Mrs. Robert, Washington, D.C., keel-billed toucan. 

George’s Pet Shop, Bladensburg, Md., speckled agouti, black agouti, 2 ja- 


guarondis, anaconda, 2 matamata turtles, 2 boa constrictors. 
Hadley, Mrs. Harry E., Annandale, Va., ocelot. 


. ‘ 


9061 ‘9Z aUN[ UO YIeg [eoIso[oOZ [euOeNY 9Y} 0} 9UIeD 
4g) 98903 ULIIeMPT] 10 WwYI (SMupsas0INa] snd) BURID URIIIGIG dy} “SUIATIYI [[IS 


“yled [e913 0[007 [BUOTIE NY oUt 3 ood dloy} ul FUIIILPUDS DIUD 


PLATE 4 


Gal 
ne) 
x 
os 
i} 
is 
o 
o4 
7? 
> 
- 
3 
~~ 
© 
- 
~} 
o 
N 


Secretary’s Report, 1963 PLATE 5 


An unusually long-lived many-banded krait (Bungarus multicinctus). This specimen ar- 
rived at the National Zoological Park as an adult on April 3, 1958. 


Malayan monitor (Varanus salvator), well camouflaged in grass in its outdoor summer cage 
occasionally stalks and catches birds. National Zoological Park. 


Secretary's Report, 1963 


PLATE 6 


“8 Toquisd9¢[ uO OINSO[IUY Ioop no 


es 


“yIed [BdIsO[007 yeuoneNn 


ao 


C 


961 


sty} ul uloq 


cm 


uoqqis Aqeg 


YUM syquou / Ieoh | 3 


eyOuo T, 


yleg [eotsojooZ yeuoneN 9y} 3 


1961 


ulog %] 


I 


‘T[equayseq v 
6 Jaquia}dag uo 
1103 PUP[MOT ZI 


¢ 


W 


Secretary's Report, 1963 


PLATE 7 


"1€1G BUIUDAY UOI;UTYSE A ‘SeIeG_ JOI[eA\ 
Aq ydeisojoyg “ye [eo1so]oo7 [euoMeN ay} 3e UIOg (snuLéNDZ sajapyIOUWOT)) snUZ pa[puUIIq aY3 JO 2uGQ 


SECRETARY'S REPORT . 109 


Hecht Co., Washington, D.C., blue peacock. 

Henderson, Paul, Silver Spring, Md., drill. 

-LaDu, Dr. Bert N., Bethesda, Md., habu snake. 

Locke, Otto Martin, New Braunfels, Tex., 5 coachwhip snakes, 4 racers, 2 
yellow bullsnakes, 2 indigo snakes. 

Olafson, Joseph M., Falls Church, Va., jaguarondi. 

Purkis, Mrs. Dorothy, Washington, D.C., woolly monkey. 

Safeway Warehouse, Landover, Md., South American opossum. 

Silva, James R., Washington, D.C., red-shouldered hawk. 

Smith, Mrs. Hiram, Richmond, Va., ocelot. 

Smith, Mrs. Leland F., Washington, D.C., cockatiel. 

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Md., mink. 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: Mason, Mich., bald eagle; Seattle, Wash., 4 bald 
eagles ; Washington, N.C., bald eagle. 

U.S. National Museum, through Dr. Philip Humphrey, 6 red-tailed tropicbirds. 


BIRTHS AND HATCHINGS 


Following the procedure of previous years, all births and hatchings 
are listed below, whether or not the young were successfully reared. 
In many instances the record of animals having bred in captivity is 
of interest. 


MAMMALS 

Common name Number Common name Number 
Squirreleoliders===25 == ss222 1 Neumann’s genet________________ 5 
Ratwkangaroos 222 fe sen ee 1 Formosan spotted civet__________ 2 
European hedgehog__------__-~- 1 Wiaterelyete ae a 1 
Ring-tailed lemur________-_--_--_- 1 B BY0) OYesY Bi peat Soe pe ce erck cat ae ns ae 1 
Squirrel monkey__-----------__- sal NGI: Vict ete meet ae seem ay vee erin A are arr 1 
Black spider monkey__----__-__- 2 Backs COp ard eee eee 2 
Rhesussmonkey= 225 2 =e al AG firs 1 Cane Tee ee Pe ee 4 
Rambaryeapesen = sat SE 4 Sa] OTR Se .  MNS ie ae aaE ne aio il 
Sootyamangabey_— 22 ests *1 Granitisizebraes ae een ee sens phar | 
DeBrazza’s guenon______________ | Collaredjpeccarya2 =a eee 3 
Ehybridsoibpone ss 2 aka ees 2 labhojooroue namie) So ee ee al 
Chimpanzee) 22222222522 25-4568 1 Pygmy hippopotamus___________ 2 
iwo-toed sloth == 222 2 TR VeTVV Ah) pie oe aoe GR ae 4 
Wood chucky oe eee ee ee 5 White fallow deer______________ 2 
iN C= OR) ee ners Ne 2 AUS MGC Te 2a ME Ee ROS AE ree 2 
FES AN CT ee cee nd He UW 1 TR Cab ee rien aa tals eed a esa tion a 2 
Crestedsratw ses ee ee al Silkeaied COT eos ee Feline 4 
Egyptian spiny mouse___________ 9 Virsinialy deere sone Jee ocean 3 
PataconianlCAyye. =o oe 9 D Reepbrn(G KeXey gilt ean Ge OLE ee a 
Speckledvagoutiz222. 222) == *] Caribou > reindeer 2222s 1 
eka pee es a ae 3 layEnoveUleol eames 2 
Mmimiberw0lheer i 2 5 AY en kes 0s eee ea eas ee A an a 1 
JEOINSEN a OSL ee ee eee 2 Capewbultal Se ee ae ee a 1 
Huropean brown bear___________ 3 Dorcasscazell esa eae eee 2 
CrinzZhybeat 2 2; AE T CAMO DY STN ya SO ee ee 2 
Ky Lots) lp yer ee eee 2 Barbary: Sheep mates hae eee *2 
UACCOOM GH a ee Pata Eo 2 


*Stillborn. 


110 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


BIRDS 

Common name Number Common name Number 
Crested screamer____--_-------- 4 Malilardiduck222= 2222220 haan 30 
Wihooper, swans.) 22s 1 Peatowl) StU ee eee 4 
@Wanadaizoose ws eee eae 4 Kookaburra {002 oe eee 8 
WOO dike a ae, 28 Formosan red-billed pie-__-----_ 3 

REPTILES 

Box turtles: 22s sve eae 1 Crevice spiny lizard____________- 31 
Painted) turtles: 22) ee 10 Ribbon snake!) 8 
Red-lined = turtles Sana 31 Queen snakes). a 6 
Yellow-bellied turtle-_______---- 13 Garter snake! __ 2." 2 sie 8 


Northern yellow-bellied turtle___ 10 


DEPOSITS 


During the process of the National Zoological Park’s capital im- 
provement program, animals which are rare in the United States and 
would be crowded or poorly housed during the construction period 
are being sent to municipal zoos and other facilities. During the 
past year rare or valuable specimens have been dispersed to locations 
thought to have good breeding conditions as well as better living 
accommodations. Other animals have been dispersed with the under- 
standing that they or similar specimens will be returned when suitable 
portions of the new exhibit areas are available here in the park. These 
deposits are: 

Brookfield Zoo, Brookfield, Ill., female Dall sheep. 
Busch Gardens, Tampa, Fla., male concave-casqued hornbill, female Solomon 

Islands cockatoo. 

Defense General Supply Center Preserve, Richmond, Va., male American elk. 

Round Lake Waterfowl Station, Round Lake, Minn., 31 cotton teals. 

St. Louis Zoo, St. Louis, Mo., male gaur, 4 king penguins, Adélie penguin, 
female chimpanzee. 


EXCHANGES 


The National Zoological Park continues a program of exchanging 
surplus animals with zoos of other countries. Notable exchange 
arrangements were negotiated with several foreign zoos. The West 
Berlin Zoo in Germany received 4 wood ducks, 2 turkey vultures, 
2 whistling swans, 2 great horned owls, a red-tailed hawk, a red- 
shouldered hawk, and 2 barred owls. El Pinar Zoo in Caracas, Vene- 
zuela, received 2 American alligators, a pair of wood ducks, and a 
female Nile hippopotamus. The Calgary Zoo, Alberta, Canada, 
received 2 scarlet ibises, 2 roseate spoonbills, 2 cattle egrets, 2 eastern 
glossy ibises, 2 little blue herons, a Louisiana heron, a red-shouldered 
hawk, an osprey, 2 chimachimas, 2 crested curassows, an Ariel toucan, 
2 barred owls, and 2 kookaburras. The Edinburgh Zoo in Scotland 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 111 


received 6 raccoons, 1 jaguarondi, 2 squirrel monkeys, 2 kinkajous, 
4 opossums, and 3 king snakes. 

The exchange of specimens with zoos and institutions in the United 
States is also continuing. With the decrease in wild animal popu- 
lations in various parts of the world, it becomes important to replace 
animal losses from stock propagated in other zoos. An actual sur- 
plus of any one kind of animal is best dissipated by distributing to 
other American zoos so that new displays and further propagation 
may be achieved. 

Animals obtained through exchange were: 


Baltimore Zoo, Baltimore, Md., Grant’s zebra. 

Bronx Zoo, New York, N.Y., cusimanse, Huropean dormouse, 2 otters. 

Buffalo Zoo, Buffalo, N.Y., 5 timber rattlesnakes, 2 black garter snakes, 2 
Blanding’s turtles. 

Calgary Zoological Society, Alberta, Canada, 2 bald eagles. 

Cheyenne Mountain Zoo, Colorado Springs, Colo., 8 golden-mantled ground 
squirrels. 

Cincinnati Zoo, Cincinnati, Ohio, clouded leopard. 

Columbus Zoo, Columbus, Ohio, 2 golden eagles, king vulture. 

Franklin Park Zoo, Boston, Mass., 2 giant salamanders, puma. 

Hanson, Charles, Oak Harbor, Ohio, Arizona king snake, ground snake, 2 shovel- 
nosed snakes, California mountain king snake, hooded merganser, 3 sidewinder 
rattlesnakes, alligator lizard, Texas long-nosed snake, eastern massasauga. 

Houston Zoological Gardens, Houston, Tex., 6 blotched water snakes, 2 yellow- 
bellied water snakes, diamondback water snake, 2 coral snakes, 6 water 
moccasins, 5 rat snakes, 7 western rattlesnakes, 2 speckled king snakes, 3 
Lindheimer’s rat snakes. 

Hoxie Bardex Circus, Sarasota, Fla., wild hog. 

Kenefick, James H., Danielson, Conn., pygmy rattlesnake, 2 gopher tortoises. 

Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, I11., brown lemur, ruffed lemur. 

Mortimer, Bill, Anaheim, Calif., rosy boa, chuckwalla. 

Norfolk Zoo, Norfolk, Va., 4 cottonmouth water moccasins, 2 common king snakes, 
brown water snake, rainbow snake, 2 canebrake rattlesnakes. 

San Diego Zoo, San Diego, Calif., Allen’s swamp monkey (male). 

Tote-Em-In Zoo, Wilmington, N.C., 2 star tortoises, leopard, African scorpion, 
4 African red-tail squirrels, puff adder, unidentified tortoise, tree shrew, 2 
moustached marmosets, African python, Indian python, titi monkey. 

Zinner, Hermann, Vienna, Austria, 12 European vipers, 3 sand vipers, 3 Aescu- 
lapian snakes, 8 European water snakes, 14 European lizards, 5 European 
turtles, 2 sand boas. 


The following animals were sent to other zoos and to private 
collectors in exchange: 


Air Force Institute of Pathology, Washington, D.C., water moccasin, Asiatic rat 
snake, many-banded krait, green palm viper, lesser Indian rat snake. 

Baltimore Zoo, Baltimore, Md., Nile hippopotamous, Grant’s zebra. 

British Guiana Zoo, Georgetown, British Guiana, lion cub (female). 

Buck, Warren, Marlton, N.J., 4 Gelada baboons. 

Buffalo Zoo, Buffalo, N.Y., lesser panda, 2 Taiwan cobras. 

Busch Gardens, Tampa, Fla., 2 whistling swans. 


112 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


Cincinnati Zoo, Cincinnati, Ohio, 4 mallards, 4 wood ducks, 4 lesser scaups, 
4 canvasbacks, ringneck duck, redhead duck, emu, 2 glossy ibises, 2 scarlet 
ibises, 8 snowy egrets, Bengal tiger, 2 Huropean brown bear cubs. 

Emperor Valley Zoo, Port of Spain, Trinidad, genet, cacomistie, 2 California 
ground squirrels, kinkajou. 

Franklin Park Zoo, Boston, Mass., 2 black swans, 2 whistling swans, cavy. 

Fresno Zoo, Fresno, Calif., 3 cattle egrets. 

Hanson, Charles, Oak Harbor, Ohio, lesser Indian rat snake, Aesculapian snake, 
Taiwan habu, palm viper, krait, western cottonmouth moccasin. 

Hoxie Bardex Circus, Sarasota, Fla., 2 squirrel monkeys. 

Jimmy Morgan Zoo, Birmingham, Ala., 2 magpies. 

John Ball Zoological Park, Grand Rapids, Mich., 2 scarlet ibises, 2 curassows, 
2 roseate spoonbills. 

Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., 4 canvasback ducks. 

Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, I1l., lemur eatta, pair Barbary apes. 

Lineoln Park Zoo, Oklahoma City, Olka., 2 scarlet ibises. 

Mortimer, Bill, Anaheim, Calif., 2 baby Cook’s tree boas, Aesculapian snake. 

National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md., 4 fat-tailed gerbils, alligator, 
Neumann’s genet. 

Palmer, Harold C., Douglasville, Ga., squirrel monkey, kookaburra. 

Patuxent Wildlife Refuge, Laurel, Md., red-tailed hawk, 2 sparrow hawks, barn 
owl, 3 great horned owls, 4 barred owls, 12 wood thrushes, 9 buntings, warblers. 

San Diego Zoo, San Diego, Calif., Allen’s swamp monkey (female). 

Southwick Game Farm, Blackstone, Mass., 2 axis deer. 

Zinner, Hermann, Vienna, Austria, Lindheimer’s snake, 2 pilot black snakes, 
3 bull snakes, timber rattler, 2 western diamondback rattlesnakes, 2 southern 
copperheads, 3 water moccasins, 25 anoles, spiny-tailed iguana, common iguana, 
speckled king snake, common king snake, 2 common water snakes, diamond- 
backed water snake, 3 broad-banded water snakes, yellow-bellied water snake, 
3 blotched water snakes, 3 indigo snakes. 


PURCHASES 


The National Zoological Park has been fortunate in purchasing a 
wild Grevy zebra stallion from Africa. This animal is particularly 
valuable in that wild blood has been assured in the continued breeding 
program of the Grevy herd here in the zoo. 

The same is true of a male Masai giraffe import. The reception of 
this animal completes a trio of these unusual animals, and it is 
hoped that they will produce fine offspring—important items in the 
program of the interchange of animals among zoos of the United 
States. 

A monkey or baboon island is a great attraction to visitors to any 
zoo. With the hope of a new island exhibit to be built, 16 Gelada 
baboons from Ethiopia were purchased and are being acclimated as 
eventual inhabitants of an island exhibit. Geladas are among the 
most hardy of the primate family, and it is expected that these speci- 
mens will condition to year-round outdoor environment with minimum 
heat requirements for their well-being. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 113 


Other purchases of interest were: 


6 lungfishes 2 olive baboons 
3 cantils 2 South American wood rails 
2 Mexican beaded lizards 1 wattled guan 


STATUS OF THE COLLECTION, JUNE 30, 1963 


Class Orders Families Species or Individuals 
subspecies 

Nitamamaal Spenser ska a Al 12 47 238 646 
Bic See ey Ue ne 20 67 343 1, 068 
EVE OUI CS eet ere ce CS URS 4 25 192 699 
Ama ioaAnss ee - e  Se es hive 2 10 25 107 
PIGINCS 3 as SS ee ieee Rn 4 10 23 66 
NCUMROPOGS er sa i= 2 ee A 3 4 4 7a 
TMs Eco) DVT a) 2 5 ea eM 1 1 i 30 

“TRO BN i a ee 46 164 826 2, 693 


In the following list of mammals, sex is given where known; 1.0 
indicates one male, 0.1 indicates one female, 1.1 indicates one male and 
one female, etc. : 


ANIMALS IN THE COLLECTION ON JUNE 30, 1963 


MAMMALS 
MONOTREMATA 
Family and common name Scientific name Number 
Tachyglossidae: 
Echidna, or spiny anteater_________ Tachyglossus aculeatus_________ 0.1 
MARSUPIALIA 
Didelphidae: 
(©) OSS rr a el Ps ay Didelphis marsupialis virginiana. 0.1 
MiuTinemopossimM=as haa a Marmosa) spel ae 0.1 
Central American opossum_________ Didelphis marsupialis__________ 2.0 
Dasyuridae: 
Tasmanian? evils ieee Sarcophilus harrisii__.__._---._- 1.0 
Phalangeridae: 
SU Sere OndT Cl ree ee ee ie ee Petaurus breviceps____________ mores vn bea 
Squinrellchiderses 2 sn eee eee Petaurus norfolcensis___________ 2.4 
Phascolomidae: 
Hairy-nosed wombat _________-__-- Lasiorhinus latifrons___________ 2.0 
Mainland wombat__________________ Wombatus  hirsutuss Oy 
Macropodidae: 
Mreevkan SaArOQoe sso se Dendrolagus matschiei_________ 1.0 
IRENE FRI ROO IPOLOTOUSASD oe 1.2 
INSECTIVORA 
Erinaceidae: 
Kuropean hedgehog________________ Frinaceus europaeus___________- 2p II 


African desert hedgehog____________. Paraechinus sp-—--.-___________ 0.1 


114 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


PRIMATES 
Family and common name Scientific name Number 
Lemuridae: 
Ring-tailed lemur_________________-. Cenurncatte= Se 2. 1 
BOW) LEM esis ae ae ees eel Lemur fulvis oe SS 11 
Lorisidae: 
Great calac oun eee eee are Galago crassicaudatus__________ 1.1 
ES TST RU yee aaa te a eg ae Galago senegalensis zanzibaricus. 2.0 
Common pottom e222 Ue Ne aa eas Perodicticus potto_____________- 0.1 
Cebidae: 
DOUTOUCO Uae EE AO Aotus trivirgatus________-______ 2.0 
Mitiimonke yas 222 2 Lee Oa SA es Callicebus cupreus___--_-_---_-_- 1.0 
Capuching eee ces sc UBMs MeN aE Cebus capucinus___________ 3.5 
Weeping capuchin_______________--- Cebus (oriseus-___ 2 eee 1.0 
Wiite-faced-saki_____= =___________ Pithecia pithecia_____.__________ 0.1 
Squirrelsmonkey sos eee Saimiri scvurews___ ONS 
Spider monkeys 2a eee Ateles geoffroyi_________________ 1.5 
Black spider monkey______________-. Ateles fusciceps______--________ 1.5 
Woolly monkey__-_____________-___- LAQOCnTia. Spe 220s eee 1.1 
Callithricidae : 
Pyemyemarm ose tae nee Cebuella pygmaea_______-______ 1.0 
Cottontop marmoset__________------ Saguinus oedipus_______--______ 1.0 
Red-handed marmoset______----_-_-- Saguinus midas_____---_------_- 0.1 
Moustached tamarin_______________- Saguinus mystag_____ = 1.1 
Cercopithecidae: 
Toque, or bonnet macaque__________- Macaca siniea 2 22 ea il, 2 
Philippine macaque________________- Macaca philippinensis__________ 1.0 
Crab-eating macaque_______________. WHOKOU CD KURO Kp ee 0.1 
Rhesus monkey22 22 aaa ee Macaca mulatta___-_____________ By al 
Aiehyehay TEKS ORD Ke oe Macaca irus mordar_______--__- OX al 
Formosan macaque____-____________ Macaca cyctopis________________ alo al 
Red-faced macaque________________-_ Macaca speciosa___- a 0.1 
Barbary ‘apes 222.0 soe ee ee Macaca sylwanus________-_____- 5.1 
Moor macaquel 22232 Wie eee Macaca maurus________________ 0.1 
Gray-cheeked mangabey____________ Cercocebus albigena____________ 0.1 
Agilesmangabey.2 a a Cercocebus agilis_______________ 1.0 
Golden-bellied mangabey___________- Cercocebus chrysogaster________ 1.0 
Red-crowned mangabey_____________ Cercocebus torquatus___________ 1.1 
Sootysmangalbe ys ae ane 2 cee ea Cercocebus fuliginosus_________~ 3.1 
Crested mangabey__________________ Cercocebus aterrimus___________ 1.0 
Black-crested mangabey____________. Cercocebus aterrimus___________ 1.1 
i BD yeh Uae ca Se ected wh eh Mandrillus leucophaeus_________ 1.0 
Olive baboons Sa EVN Papiovanuibisl ae 3. 2 
Gelada baboon! 2 O20 Nine Anus: Theropithecus gelada___________ 7.6 
Chacmasbaboo nese ee eae ae ern lau Papio) comatus: eee 1.0 
Vervet  Zuenon RAs HELO ey Cercopithecus aethiops__________ 1.0 
Green ‘guenon2 eA a Cercopithecus aethiops__________ 3.2 
Grivet guenon (color variant) _______ Cercopithecus aethiops__________ 0.1 
Moustached monkey________________ Cercopithecus cephus___________ i, 
Dianaimonike viene eaee eEN ene Cercopithecus diana ___________ 1.0 
Roloway monkey________--__________ Cercopithecus diana roloway____ 0.1 
DeBrazza’s guenon_________________ Cercopithecus neglectus_________ 1.0 
White-nosed guenon________________ Cercopithecus nictitans_________ 0.1 


SECRETARY'S REPORT _ 115 


Family and common name Scientific name Number 
Cercopithecidae—Continued 
Lesser white-nosed guenon________-_ Cercopithecus petaurista________ 1.0 
Allen’s swamp monkey___---------- Allenopithecus nigroviridis______ alll 
Spectacled, or Phayre’s, langur_____- PresvyliS PhOYiCi=2 ae ee 1.0 
Hanuman, or entellus monkey____-~- Presoytis, entelluse= 232 eae 0.1 
Crestedilangur. eee Presbytis ecristatus__—— = 1.0 
Pongidae: 
White-handed gibbon_______________ TEU OWUKES. (Kip ee ib al 
Wau-wau gibbon________--_--__---- Hylobates moloch______________ 0.1 
Te Qyoreol alloy ovo So ee Hylobates lar X H. sp---------- 0.5 
Siamang cibhbonsSe lee eee Symphalangus syndactylus_____- 1.0 
Sumatran orangutan ____________--_ Pongo). pyomacuss22 ees 1.1 
Bornean orangutan____------------ Pongo pygmaecus._____-----__-= 0.1 
Chimpanzee). 2222 foo Panisatyrus = ees Hee SteSavies 
Wowlandvcoritlas: Sa eee Gorillagowillas ee ek: 
EDENTATA 
Myrmecophagidae: 
Giantranteater.-__. = -—-- -- 22 2 Myrmecophaga tridactyla_______ 0.1 
Bradypodidae: 
Twortoedwslotie 8 es Choloepus didactylus___________ 3.4 
Dasypodidae: 
Nine-banded armadillo________--__- Dasypus novemcinctus___--_-_-- 0.1 
RODENTIA 
Sciuridae: 
Huropean red squirrel___-____-___--- SCLURUS POULT OTS ee D4, Ps 
Gray squirrel, albino________-_____-- Sciurus carolinensis____________ 2.0 
Tassel-eared, or Abert’s squirrei____- SCUUTU SHOU CT: Le ern ee 1.0 
Western fox squirrel_________-__-~_ S\GOURUS: LUG 1.0 
Indian palm squirrel______----__--- Funambulus palmarum_____---- 0.1 
South African red squirrel_________- Paraverus patliatus_——__-_ 1.2 
Tri-colored squirrel____________-____ Callosciurus prevosti__________- 0.1 
Formosan tree squirrel______-_____~_ Cailosciurus erythraeus______--_--~ all 
Woodchuck, or groundhog_______---_ Marmota monaz.—----~-__-___- 4.2 
Prairie Ogee eo ea ad Cynomys ludovicianus__________ 15 
California ground squirrel_____--__-~ Citellus beecheyi______________- 2.2 
Washington ground squirrel_____-_-~ Citellus washingtoni___________- 1.1 
Golden-mantled ground squirrel____ Citellus lateralis_______________ 2.4 
Hastern chipmunk________________.- TUT OUUIS: SPOOR algal 
Hastern chipmunk, albino_________~_ IMCS. SUPRTTEVIS es 1.0 
Yellow pine chipmunk_____________ ELutamias amoenus____-------~- 0.1 
Townsend’s chipmunk_____________- Eutamias townsendii__________- 1.0 
Hastern flying squirrel____________- Glaucomys volans_______--___-- 2.3 
Heteromyidae: 
MANS aArOOn La tsee a ee ae oe eee IDYNCWOROS Va 2.0 
Castoridae: 
IE COW Clue ee eae aS no sn eee Cia Castonncanadensis: 3 
Pedetidae: 
Cape jumping hare_________________ BEGetes (CODCNS Sse eee al! 
Cricetidae: 
White-footed mouse________________ Peromyscus Sp--—----—---=--_-- 1.3 


East African maned rat____-_-_---_ Lophiomys ibeanus___---------- 2.0 


116 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


Family and common name Scientific name Number 
Cricetidae—Continued 
Pine voles. S22 une sah waa eeste a Microtus pinetorum__________.- 1.0 
Gero: <2 Aes Nee SEAR Gerbillus pyramidum--______-___ 0.1 
Mat-tailed gerbil eee Pachyuromys duprasi________--- 3.3 
IDeAyornsnay fee opie Gerbillus dasyurus___-__----__-- 0.1 
Hainy-tailed, jird22 as ee Sekeetamys calurus____------___ 0.1 
Muridae: 
Egyptian spiny mouse_____----_---- Acomys cahirinus___------------ 10. 14 
Egyptian spiny mouse__----------~- Acomys dimidiatus_________-__- 6. 10 
Gianttorest rat 2 eee Cricetomys gambianus ssp_——---- 1.0 
Slender-tailed cloud rat__-_-------- Phloeomys cumingii___________-_ 1.0 
Gliridae: 
Garden dormouse______------------ Hliomys quercinus___..--- 0.1 
Hystricidae: 
Malaya porcupinel=— 220s a eee Acanthion brachyura___-__--~--- 1.0 
African porcupine_____---_--------- Hysiria cristata_____.-----~-_-_ 2.4 
Palawan porecupine_________-------- TCC CUTAUSS  DUNOLLES aaa 11 
Caviidae: 
JEROME GA\Ayy Dolichotis patagonum______-_-___ 3. 6 
Dasyproctidae: 
Hairy-rumped agouti______________- Dasyprocta prymnolopha____-___ 2.1 
Agouti, black phase__________---_--_- Dasyprocta prymnolopha________ 11 
YERCELOND NED tyra aE A I See Re Myoprocta acowchy-_____----__ 1.0 
Chinchillidae : 
Mountainvnviscacha] 2225522 agian sp. eee 0.1 
CARNIVORA 
Canidae: 
BUA) 1 ae te aN Ae Canis familiaris dingo__________ il, 
Ca 10) ees en el UR a Canis latrans Se ee 0.1 
Common jackal== = eee OWS OPUS ae oh ne 1.1 
TDS TWO Vie ce ee ee Canis lupus nubilus_____________ 1.3 
Texas) red WOliee 2 2u ee ee ee Canis niger rufus = oso eee 0.1 
PAT CET G i fi Kees ea ie Se Alopexr lagopus_________________ 1.0 
PNG TV TVG Cp foes Raa Fennecus! 2end e222 aoa 
GET ay he NN Te Urocyon cinereoargenteus_______ ils) 
BERG GLtfi Kens Sites ne VOHOGS: FOUOCO Ree 1.0 
UA CCOOINE Oe els es es aa a Nyctereutes procyonoides______-- 1.1 
Capechunting dogs eae eae Ly caon picts eee al, a 
Ursidae: 
Spectacled bears. 0 oa Tremarctos ornatus_______---__- 1.0 
JS biTMlenyebaL Se Selenarctos thibetanus__________ 0.1 
Japanese black bear________________ Selenarctos thibetanus japoni- 
CUES 2S i 1.0 
IN OTEAN! (DEAT ee Pa BL as sal ara Selenarctos thibetanus wssuri- 
CUS) 2 si) DO SR eh a 11 
European brown bear______________ ORSUSHOLGLOS= eee iL, 2 
Iranian brown bear________________ Ursus arctos syriacus_____-_---- 1.1 
CEI ZZ yi) Care acleeace aaa Ursus horribilis___--___ = 1.1 
dL Ba W ed fan Ov ey cMyat ies at ee ue pes ey Nie Re EHuarctos americanus____----__-- 1.1 
1 eg0d Fei it as Wed omsisaeton ley see sap are Mab leader Thalarctos maritimus____-_____ AL, 2 


Thalarctos maritimus xX Ursus 
MIddeEndonfi) 22 ee DR 


SECRETARY'S REPORT - ILALZ/ 


Family and common name Scientific name Number 
Ursidae—Continued 
Malayan sum bearl- 2. @ So est so Helarctos malayanus___________ 0.2 
Slothmbeari 222 sse Ni Se Metursus ursinusc2 2 il, al 
Procyonidae: 
Cacomistle see es we ee Soe Bassariscus astutus__..-_____ 252 
UA CCO OMe ee te etree Mey eS ea ie TEIROGV OW UDUO Ra 1.4 
IRACOOOMN, HlloibaG =e ee PROCYONNOLOnZ 22 = =o aoe a 0.1 
Raccoon, black phase_________------ JRO GOOG KOTO 1.0 
© Cae u TN UAT Chie ee EE I a a A CHSOKID GUUSOH TE SON 1S 
Redecoatimundizss 22 See I OASOKD: COIS OU en 1.0 
Peruvian coatimundi2. 2) 2). eae Nasua nasua dorsalis____________ Tl, 1 
Ginnie) O Ute ee eee BOUOSNPAUWS soe ew ees Bie wiy os FIN 2a 
CW) Tiina pee lee I ee Bassaricyon gabbi______________ 1.0 
Mustelidae: 
IVE tes nemesis Wave ta serge hase 0 wee hee Marites americana______________ 0.1 
PHYS Tae Topics eS waa een Cu la ee Martes pennantiz-2_-_ 0.1 
British Guiana tayra_______________ Hira barbara poliocephala_______ ileal 
Guise erie SS dean SAA Galictis allamandi______________ 1.0 
Gforce UCLONYONSERIGEU Sa ee 1.0 
VOW e Eimer ree cls Ll Ns een Gulorgulorluscus 2 2a 0.1 
TEC lemme eis ye Ed A oles Mellivora capensis______________ 1.0 
American badgers 2.922) a LOLS TAcusha a =e ees 1.0 
Golden-bellied ferret-badger_________ Melogale moschata subaurantiaca 1.2 
Common skunk_________-__--________ Mephitis mephitis.__._______-___ 2.0 
California spotted skunk____________ Spilogale putorius phenag_______ 1.0 
IRIVCIAOULe Tae Wate iyun eh A Lutra canadensis___._.___________ 2.0 
Viverridae: 
(CETTE byes ashen yahoo Genetta genetta neumanni_______ 2; (5) 
Genet, black phase__________________ Genettagencttaq==2 =e 1.0 
Formosan spotted civet_____________ Viverricula indica. 8 alsa 
MTB UN'S Aur eases ene ey er eR CRO GRY ES J RKOMKOGKOLO> UOT = 0.1 
ANTENA OM INT Cry el pa A Nandinia binotata_- _-_-______ il, al 
Formosan masked civet_____________ Paguma larvata taivana_________ 1.0 
BINION eyewes ane ste SI. Be Arctictis -binturong 2 = s 1.0 
African gray mongoose_____________ Herpestes ichneumon____________ 0.1 
Siri CanawateL Civete- ete eee Atilax natudinosusi2—- 22) Ss 1. 4 
African striped mongoose___________ Crossarchus fasciatus.__________ aly, dl 
CUSINMATIS Cet eee ee ee NE CROSSATCHUST Spa enn 0.1 
White-tailed mongoose______________ Ichneunia albicauda__________ 1.0 
Black-footed mongoose______________ TEXOKEO ORIG: Sj Oo is a 
Hyaenidae: 
Stripedvhyvena i ose a LY CCN OANY CCN Cnn ae eae ital 
Felidae: 
HES O10 et eerie ae es A Fe Ws ATS TN OUD PUD spe 1.1 
Canadian ivnx see Tyne canadensis=... aes 1.0 
Ware Callipw ees a oh ane itt Medias Lyne caracal caracal____________ 1.0 
HUM ST OMG A teak ee a Nagi a Use HAMS CCHS algal 
JS EUUIG SHS). Cele sia i i ce THOS ORO nigal 
SCTE aI IE eae ace ee THAWS SAPO 0. 2 
eo Warde tienen fail a) We Aili Ll Felis bengalensis_______________ 1.0 
(CCl Colarah GaN ee SE ee JHOES COTO aa 1.0 
OCelo ramet ribiets Was ye nee ae THQHIS FNGRPOHWG i, 2 


707-317—63——_9 


118 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


Family and common name Scientific name 
Felidae—Continued 
PACU TOM Tae ae Pe Felis yagouaroundi______----- 
AUD TN Shi ORT Se Le a ra ease ae IRE, Felis concolor=-—- = 
TGQ O PRT ye ea Ae se LUCE Panthera pardus_________--__- 
Black leopards 222s su ees Wa cease Panthera pardus______---__--- 
DIDI) 0 Wt ae ay I Cee SO Panther co ee 
Ben gall Sere ea ae eee Panthera tigris__..___-_____-_ 
White Bengal tiger_______________~- Panthera tigris-____-2- ss 
LER BW ea ee ee Panthera once. SSS 
Clouded leopar dine = seas es Neofelis nebulosa_____--_--___- 
SNOW leopard 2s Sea ae a Uncia incase 
CO) a= Y 2 61) pepe ape ce SU RR ee Acinonyz jubata_____________ 
PINNIPEDIA 
Otariidae: 
California sea-lion_____.____________ Zalophus californianus______- 
Patagonian sea-lion____-____-_-__-__ Otaria flavescens_______----_- 
Phocidae: 
Harbor sSea eee ees EN Pe ane Phoca vitulina___---- 2 
TUBULIDENTATA 
Orycteropodidae: 
PATENTS OLIV EL TA tlec ae a ri INIA Oryctenopus afer= =e 
PROBOSCIDEA 
Hlephantidae: 
Africanvelephant2 22a eek saa Loxodonta africana__________ 
Horest elephant== see Loxodonta cyclotis__________- 
Indian elephant___..._____________. Elephas maxcimus________---_ 
PERISSODACTYLA 
Equidae: 
Mongolian wild horse__________-__~ Equus preewalskii_____-_______ 
GIrevy'S Zebra 2 oa ee ee Se HQuus gneve 
Grant} Si Ze bare ae Se on eee Hquus burchelli______________ 
IBULTOS OTN donkey ewe HGUUS NASinws2 eee 
Tapiridae: 
JB TEAVAU LIED AY Eeyore ee Tapirus terrestris_.o22 2 
Rhinocerotidae : 
Indian one-horned rhinoceros____-_--~ Rhinoceros unicornis_____----- 
African black rhinoceros__________-~ Diceros bicornis________------ 
White, or square-lipped, rhinoceros__ Ceratotherium simum____----- 
ARTIODACTYLA 
Tayassuidae: 
Collared) pecearyo2 22222 eee es Tayassu tajacus 22) 222 ees 
Hippopotamidae: 
ELIPPOPOLATAU Sige a eae eee ee ewer Hippopotamus amphibius____- 
Pyemyhippopotamiust=2]22 2s 22. Choeropsis liberiensis________- 
Camelidae: 
Baetriany camel caesar eee Camelus bactrianus________-_- 
dB es ara hs Ye et ea ee ra rere aU LS Lama glama____------------- 
GUANA Cone Reo nein te Oioieh INSU Lama glama guanicoe____----- 


ASL TD BIC ait eee RS Beringer eae mn Lama pacos____------_- = s-- 


sal sroaelh 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 


119 


Family and common name Scientific name Number 
Cervidae: 
White fallow deer_________________ IDG OK 303. 
PACK SiG COT ilk ON end La ie SAND 1 8 ite C001 S baa torn Ss As RA S02 
TEC CMO) COT a a Se ee ae eae oe OCOD GUE DIB 4.3 
Silkamed ears iia eel Cervusmnipponn ss eee 3.11 
Pére David’s deer__________________ Hlaphurus davidianus__________ 1.0 
White-tailed, or Virginia, deer______ Odocoileus virginianus__________ 2.6 
FNIMeERICAMY Cl keene ee Cervus canadensis______________ *1.0 
HOTESEN CAT OWS Sse She ies SEGA aes Rangifer caribou__----_________ 0.1 
Rei Gennes eaten ta ee Rangife: terandus— ee 3.11 
Giraffidae: 
INubiongciraties ss a ee Giraffa camelopardalis__________ 0.1 
Masai cira tress th Sak ee cn ei aS Giraffa c. tippelskirchi__________ 12 
Bovidae: 
Sita un ay eee Ee ae) Tragelaphus spekiwti_____________ 1.0 
ANTIDOTE ae eRe Pe ee Anoa depressicornis____________ 11 
BY 627 open eases ean ee Bed Poephagus grunniens___--______ 83 
(Gye sappemeeries ise Set ee ae ed J BADOS) (OURO so 2.0 
Caperbutialoe 2 eu es ese ISUROGG RUS COG a 1.4 
American bison=2222. ta BUS ONMOUS O17) eek ea Renee en 1.0 
IBrindled’ onus Connochaetes taurinus______-___ 1.4 
Morcasvgazelles 1 SAwy Wo Aw Gazelia’ doncas=2 22 eee 3. 4 
Saigavantelopes22s2 22) a ae Saiga tatarica_____-_____-______ 0.1 
Rocky Mountain goat_______________ Oreamnos americanus__________ 0.1 
EnmMalayante tah. oe we ae Hemitragus jemlahicus_________ 0.1 
African pygmy, goaton. =. 2 Pees COTO incu sere es ale Ee Sage 3. 2 
EN eens a) ee Pe ey OOH WR FOG ee 1.0 
Aoudad, or Barbary sheep__________ Ammotragus lervia_____________ 1.1 
HTS) ARNT STN Oe fy Ne 2 OVS COT ee ari eae *0.1 
Bigshornm sheepes=— 222 e eee Ovis canadensis________-------- pe 
BIRDS 
SPHENISCIFORMES 
Spheniscidae: 
King spenguine shew ee ee as Aptenodytes patagonica_________ *4 
Adelie penguin_____________________ Pygoscelis adeliae______________ *] 
STRUTHIONIFORMES 
Struthionidae: 
(OSH ig VO) See aia le A ee BULA Struthio camelus_________-_-_-_ 1 
RHEIFORMES 
Rheidae: 
MEU @ aera a a Rae ae lee en ee REGION ETACONG= 22s aa eee 1 
CASUARIIFORMES 
Casuariidae: 
Double-wattled cassowary_____-__-_ Casuarius bicarunculatus_______ 2 
Dromiceidae: 
PET Uy pees re Dromiceius novaehollandiae_____ 2 


*On deposit at another zoo or sanctuary. 


120 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


TINAMIFORMES 
Family and common name Scientific name Number 
Tinamidae: 
Pileated tinamou_-_--_-----------~- Crypturellus soui panamensis___-_ 1 
PROCELLARIIFORMES 
Diomedeidae: 
Black-footed albatross___-----____-_ Diomedea nigripes____.______----~ 2 
Phaethontidae: 
Red-tailed tropicbird____-_-__-________- Phaethon rubicauda__.__._____--- 3 
PELECANIFORMES 
Pelecanidae: 
White; pelicanz sees tesae sewer Pelecanus erythrorhynchos__—___ 3 
IBrownwpelicank sae see ae Pelecanus occidentalis__________ 1 
Dalmatian pelicanses=2s2 22 sS=a— Pelecanus crispus________----__-~ 23 
Sulidae: 
(Shear fa SULGTOCSSA Nae ee 1 
Phalacrocoracidae: 
Double-crested cormorant____------- Phalacrocoras auritus auritus___ 3 
Phalacrocoraz auritus albocili- 
Farallon cormorant__~-----------~- GUUS 2-224 ee eee 1 
Huropean cormorant______--_------- Phalacrocorag carbo__-__-_----- 6 
CICONIIFORMES 
Ardeidae: 
Reddish egret... 22252 ee Dichromanassa rufescens rufes- 
CONS); So Be eens 8 
SSO way © Ses esate ae A Honetta shuld == eee 3 
Eastern green heron__-------------~- Butorides virescens_______-____-— B 
louisiana heron wee Hydranassa tricolor__.______--__ 2 
Black-crowned night heron___--~--_ Nycticorax nycticorax__________ 12 
American bittern= 2s eee Botaurus lentiginosus___________ 1 
Teer bitterness 2.2220 aes Tigrisoma lineatum_____--______ 1 
Balaenicipitidae : 
Fes aUCOY =) pt) yn sas ess NG A SDS PAU a an Balaeniceps rev __-____-________ 1 
Ciconiidae: 
American wood ibis__-__~-_--_--=- Mycteria americana___-_------___ 23 
European white stork_____-_____--__ Ciconia cicona = 4 
White-bellied stork_________-____--_- Sphenorhynchos abdimia_______- 2 
Open-hilled storks. 2 eos Anastomus oscitans______-______ 1 
Threskiornithidae : 
Wihite yi bis i s sated ee Tn i nae Guare clte eee 2, 
FSH SEED ee ATH OH SY eA SE Guar ruber Ee 2 
Black-faced ibis-__--__---__-_--=2--= Theristicus melanopis___-------- 1 
Black-headed ibis___________------~- Threskiornis melanocephala_____ 1 
White-faced glossy ibis________--_-_- Plegadis falcinellus mexicana___- 1 
Hastern:2lossypibisus 222s eae Plegadis falcinellus falcinellus__ 1 
Phoenicopteridae: 
Chilean flamingo___________________ Phoenicopterus chilensis________ 1 
Cubanitlaminco. wee Phoenicopterus ruber___________ 1 
Old World flamingo Phoenicopterus antiquorum____— 1 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 


121 


ANSERIFORMES 
Family and common name Scientific name Number 
Anhimidae: 
Crested screamer________--_-------- Chauna torquata= eee 6 
Anatidae: 
COSCOLnODa SWanss sae eases eee Coscoroba coscoroba____________ 4 
DV TRG ey Syed a en coe ety A Lee ayo UE CY ONUSNOLO TEESE neal ee a 3 
iplack-necked Swane 2. ee Cygnus melanocoriphus_________ 2 
Wihocper) Swank. 222-2 2 Lees OLOTRCYO NUS ee ee 4 
Wihistlins: swank 2. 222 se eee Olor columbianus___--_-__-__-__ ial 
Trumpeter swan________-_____---_- Olor buccinator—22 ee 2 
EM ACK Us Weave ee Chenopis aint ee 7 
Hayptrianisoosel= = ses ae Alopochen aegyptiacus__________ 4 
White-fronted goose______________-. AMSA GUDG TROLS 3 
Indian bar-headed goose___________- ANS CREAT CIS eens eee ee 5 
HIM CLOTS OOSCe a eee eee ASCTRCONOAOLGU Ser at ee 3 
SWE S OOS C= 2s Anser caerulescens——____________ 6 
lesser snow goose..________________ Anser caerulescens caerulescens__ 2 
Greater snow goose________________ Anser caerulescens atlanticus___ 5 
FLOSSIS MOOS Cea = a 2 ee GAYS CTT OS SU rere eres cr se atc Bean ec 4 
Nene, or Hawaiian goose___-_______ Branta sandvicensis_________-__ 2 
Red-breasted goose_________________ ES RONCORLALLCOULLS sat ee eae 4 
Canadareooset Wut ee Branta canadensis______-_-______ 26 
Lesser Canada goose_______________ Branta canadensis____________-__ 5 
Giant Canada goose________________ Branta canadensis major ________ 4 
CaACshineesOOSeL sa ws Branta canadensis____-- 4 
White-cheeked goose_______________ Branta canadensis—_—— 22 ae 3 
Canada goose X Lesser snow goose 
(blue phase), hybrid_____________ Branta canadensis X Anser 
CUCTULES CONS rea ee eee al 
Hulvous tree: ducks = 2222 vee Dendrocygna bicolor______------~ 1 
Ruddy shelduck- 2-02 Casarca ferruginae_____________ 2 
AVVO OCR CU Cheer en oe ALON SD OVS Osa ae: eaten ace a 104 
Mamdearinvn ducks 2 sustain ea AVC OULETICULGL 2 ne ae neeneene 12 
in Giany cotton) teal ul eae a Nettapus coromadelianus_______ *8 
aia rena es OT CKes ae AOS) ell CULE Ok rare stares et tat eee 4 
Green-winged teal__________________ SALVE Se CECE Oe eae teat nae wo 1 
Chestnut-breasted teal__.___________ ATS: COSTCO il 
CE EZ AVE Ua ee eC SAE SMSET ED CU.0) ota era a eee ke es ogra 4. 
Huropean widgeon_________________ ARIE WAU = 2 
Vienliiaas ce dl Cee ae ee Anas platyrhynchos_.___________ 60 
Mallard duck X American pintail 
Chu ckseohy rel sa ew Anas platyrhynchos xX Anas 
CUE ee ee ren De 1 
Hs area Glia Caterer. sees a AVIS FORO DG 8 
Greater scaup duek__-_- OTAUDID: TOIL 11 
ILGREIY Seana Choe is ARAN) CH OIS 55 
EVO Cle tere ee eR eR Aythya americana. —__ 22 17 
Ring-necked duck__________________ AOA UOS “OOUIPUS a 18 
Canvasbacks: ducks 22 sale nes Aythya valisineria______________ 40 
Rosy-billed pochard________________ Metopiana peposaca____________ al 


*On deposit at another zoo or sanctuary. 


122 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


Family and common name Scientific name 
Anatidae—Continued 
Red-crested pochard_____________-__ NéEtarint 
Bulehead 2222 2 ae ENON oD aa ~ Bucephala albeola___________- 
American goldeneye_____________-__ Bucephala clangula_____-_-_--- 
Baldpatese 2205 senha we SAE eae! Mareca americana___--------- 
Hooded merganser___-----__--_---- Lophodytes cucullatus_______- 
FALCONIFORMES 
Cathartidae: 
And eany CONG Orso eee ea Vultur gryphus______________ 
King) Vulture oe ee eee ele Sarcoramphus papa______-_-- 
Sagittariidae: 
Secretarypind sa ce oe eB inane eel Sagittarius serpentarius______ 
Accipitridae: 
Hooded vulture 222] =2s=ss] = — === Necrosyrtes monachus________ 
(Ghabaropay \yullRppRe COVOS TUL DUIS 
Ruppellis| vultures. Gyps ruppellu__—_—__-__ = 
African yellow-billed kite__.________ Milwus migrans__--__---__--_ 
lepelonanbiyy Velen Haliastur indus _____--_______ 
Black-faced hawk __.__-___________ Leucopternis melanops________ 
Red-winged hawk_________________ Heterospizias meridionalis____ 
Red-tailed hawk ________--_-_ Buteo jamaicensis____________ 
Sywalnson’s) sha wke2 22a aan Buteo swainsoni______________ 
Mauduyt’s hawk eagle______________ . Spizaetus ornatus____________ 
Black-erested eagle________________ Lophaetus occipitalis_________ 
Great black hawk. es Ictinaetus malayensis_________ 
Goldentengles 23 Vege Unni ia ee ssil) Aquila chrysaetos____________ 
TIN PESTTAM Cae Ol ee IN aS AGuilanenacg ==. vaieriainaaeaee 
White-breasted sea eagle___________ Haliaee tus leucogaster_______ 
Pallas) sive aio lee 0s a ON Haliaeetus leucoryphus_______ 
BaldRea des 05 yea ea Se ial Haliaeetus leucocephalus______ 
1S He ONY An (ete real (spate Me ona a Aare yi ene e STUN, Harpia harpyja___.___________ 
Guianan crested eagle______________ Morphnus gwianensis_________ 
Mantialiicacle sie aoeee Polemaetus bellicosus_________ 
IBAteleuriGgel ee acl Ne lly Terathopius ecaudatus________ 
WaMMers lero Sei ae A ale anes Gypaetus barbatus____________ 
Falconidae: 
SSD ERITETS Wve 1 eh ee ae eR Falco sparverius___.___________ 
WB) J (ed cs) a 2 hh ac MS cee Faico peregrinus anatwm______ 
Feilden’s falconet__________________ Neohierag cinereiceps_________ 
Red-footed faleon__________________ Falco vespertinus_____________ 
MOTeSt Pal eos A aaNet Micrastur semitorquatus______ 
Chiman ge Oe Ean A pase Milvago chimango____________ 
Audubonis icaracaraas 22 a2 ooee eee Polyborus cheriway__________- 
White-throated caracara____________ Phalcoboenus albogularis______ 
GALLIFORMES 
Megapodiidae: 
Brushy turkey 20 chs aay eeu i eee Alectura lathami_____________ 
Cracidae: 
Wattled curassow__________________ Oran globulosa= 22 ee 
White-headed piping guan__________ Pipile cumanensis_________-__ 


IWiattled: joule misses eri yeaa ate Pipilensps 222. ae 


PREP HHP OREN OPE HEHEHE EE pDPHEE 


BPD EPNHEHHE 7p 


ee) 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 


Family and common name Scientific name Number 
_ Phasianidae: 

Gambelis quailas a eee Lophortyx gambeli______________ 2 

Walley quails one eee Lophortyx californica vallicola__ 3 

Arcus; pheasant. .— 22 see Argusianus argus_______________ 1 

Golden” pheasant=222" 22 Sess e= Chrysolophus pictus-—____-_____ 8 

Red junglefowl------—- = = Gollusngctii se ae 3 

Black-backed kaleege pheasant_____~- Gennaeus melanonotus__________ 2 

Silver pheasant____-_-__--_--------- Gennaeus nycthemerus__________ 1 

Cat O Wile ae SY A ee ays IAW GRIST 6 

Ring-necked pheasant___-----_----- Phasianus colchicus_____________ 1 

Ring-necked pheasant, albino_______- Phasianus colchicus____-_-_--__-_ 2 

Ring-necked pheasant X Green pheas- Phasianus colchicus X Phasianus 1 

ant, hybrid. versicolor. 

Bhutan, or grey peacock pheasant___ Polyplectron bicalcaratum_______ 1 
Numididae: 

Vulturine guineafowl_____________-_ Acryllium vulturinum_____-_--__ 1 

GRUIFORMES 

Gruidae: 

Siberianveraneue. 22s eee eee Grus leucogeranus______________ if 

Huropean crane_____-___-_______--- CTR UIE OIA Hoy apie ep es col Ova ea 2 

Demoiselle crane___________________ Anthropoides virgo___.__________ 4 

SANUS CTT Cee MeO? Grusantigone 1 

African crowned crane___--__--____- Balearica pavonina_____--____-- 5 
Psophiidae: 

PS ULITNIVE LOT eee ee oe a ae Psophia crepitans_____-____-____ 1 
Rallidae: 

Cayenne wood rail__________________ Aramides cajanea______________ il 

War oimdara ite eu iy Aveerne te ae Rattus micotaj i 2 1 

Purpleizallinules: 2-2) oees ee Porphyrula martinica__._____-___ 2 
EHurypygidae: 

SUITE DIG Lee ot suns thn Aes eA Hurypyga helias_--_£_______-___ 1 
Cariamidae: 

Cariama, or seriama______________- Cariamea cristata___.___________- i 
Otididae: 

Ionriwbustand’ 25 eet Hupodous, Kori 282s eres 2 

Senegal bustard___________________- Hupodotis senegalensis__________ if! 

CHARADRIIFORMES 

Jacanidae: 

Common jacana 222 eee JOCENG Spinosd = eee 2 
Haematopodidae: 

Oystercatcherss] ose Ne Haematopus ostralegus__._______ 1 
Charadriidae: 

Australian banded plover__________ PAO OER UR IDOD seas Se 2 

Huropean lapwing_________________ Vanetlus vanellust 2 eee 3 

South American lapwing___________ Belonopterus cayennensis_______ 4 

Crocodile; birdas2 Le ee Pluvianus aegyptius____________ 7 
Recurvirostridae: 

Black-necked stilt______._.___________ Himantopus mexicanus______-__ 1 
Laridae: 

Ring-billed: gules! 22 sae Larus delawarensis______-______ 3 

HEC oie aU eae i eu Larus dominicanus__---------__ 2 


124 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


Family and common name Scientific name Number 

Laridae—Continued 
mauchingig ube sae ae LLORUS  GOPUCOUUD a ee 
Herring joule ae eee Larus argentatus___------------ 
Great black-backed gull___-_---_---- Larus marinus..-=-—-—---_-_ = 
RSH Ry (e9 e910 0D ee Larus novaehollandiae__-------- 

COLUMBIFORMES 

Columbidae: 
Band-tailed pigeon___________-__-_- Columba fasciata_______________ 
High-flying Budapest pigeon________ Cotumba livia. es 
Black-billed pigeon_________________ Columba nigrirostris___________ 
Triangular spotted pigeon__________ Columba guinea____-___________ 
Crowned pigeon_-_-__------____-__ Goura victoria______----------- 
Blueyroundidoves 2222s Claravis pretiosa_______________ 
Ruddy ground dove___~=~~_-______- Chaemepelia rufipennis_________ 
Indian emerald-winged tree dove___ Chalcophaps indica_____________ 
Diamond edo ves eee ee Geopelia cuneata_______________ 
Plain-breasted ground dove____-__~- Columbigallina minuta_________ 
GOWN Over eee Columbigallina passerina_______ 
Ring-necked dove______-_-__-_----~- Streptopelia decaocto___________ 
Blue-headed ring dove_________-_-- Streptopelia tranquebarica_____- 
White-winged dove ______----___-_- Zenaida asiatica______________~ 
Mourning; dovel2os2a2 sess Zenaidura macroura—_-------_--- 

PSITTACIFORMES 

Psittacidae: 
TRAP AUET © Fee ze eS ck EE Mec Ac NESLOM NOLLOisS=2 aa 
Banksian cockatoo______________-_- Calyptorhynchus magnificus_____ 
Wihitencockatoo2= = see keee eae Kakatoe alba ee 
Solomon Islands cockatoo________-_ Kakatoe ducrops. 
Sulphur-crested cockatoo______-___- Kakatoe gatlerita________~_____= 
Bare-eyed cockatoo__________-_-_-- Kakatoe sanguinea_____________ 
Great red-crested cockatoo__________ Kakatoe moluccensis___________ 
Leadbeater’s cockatoo______________ Kakatoe leadbeateri____________ 
C@OekK ate aie Ce a ee Nymphicus hollandicus_________ 
Yellow-and-blue macaw____________ ATG GrauUnaing= eee ae 
Red-and-blue macaw_______________ Ara chloropterg= = eee 
Red-blue-and-yellow macaw_________ ATG MOC@OL 2 eee 
TAU ere es Grin eye ayy ee ATOR CC 1G = 
Brown-throated conure_____________ Conurus aeruginosus______-_____ 
Petzis) parakee tives 2 a ee Aratinga canicularis____________ 
Rusty-cheeked parrot___.____________ Aratinga pertinag______________ 
Yellow-naped parrot_______________ Amazona auropalliata__________ 
IMACS)! TORO ANLAZONGINSCH 12 = seen 
Blue-fronted parrot________________ Amazona aestiva_______-_ 
Red-fronted) parrots sess sa Ven AMAZON COC =e 
Double yellow-headed parrot________ Amazona oratrig____________= == 
AMT ACIO CALEY [OKO Psitiacus erithacus___---_ = 
Black-headed, or Nanday, parrot___. Nandayus nanday____----_-____ 
Lineolated parakeet________________ Bolborhynchus lineolatus_______ 
White-winged parakeet_____________ Brotogeris versicolorus_________ 
OWA ATA Kee bee ae ae a Brotogeris jugularigs__.__________ 


*On deposit at another zoo or sanctuary. 


RPE ORPN EOE RE be ee 


PRONE RE H ED NY NDONNNKRNDHOND HEED 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 125 


Family and common name Scientific name Number 
Psittacidae—Continued 
- Greater ring-necked parakeet________ Psittacula eupatria______________ D 
Rose-breasted parakeet_____________ Psittacula alewandri____________ 1 
Moustached parakeet______________-_ Psitiacula fasciata_.__________ afl 
Lesser ring-necked parakeet________ Psittacula krameri._.-____ 2 
Barraband’s parakeet______________ Polytelis swainsoni_____________ all 
Quaker parakeet___________________ Myiopsitta monacha____________ 7 
Grass parakeet____________________ Melopsittacus undulatus________ aft 
Red-faced lovebird_________________ Agapornis pullaria ssp_______-___ 2 
Rosy-faced lovebird________________ Agapornis roseicollis___________ il 
Black-headed caique, or seven-color 
TOR EROR ih eid enero nee eg NA ee In Pionites melanocephala_________ 2 
Yellow-thighed caique______________ Pionites leucogaster____________ 1 
CUCULIFORMES 
Musophagidae: 
White-bellied go-away bird_________ Crinifer teucogaster___________ ft 
Pilantain-eatere== see ee Crinijen africanis==_ = 1 
Cuculidae: 
TEC) a a ht Hudynamys scolopacea__________ 1 
IRGACHAINT GPs ON . Geococcyx californianus________ 2 
Coueal, or crow-pheasant___________ Cenitropus sinensis______________ 1 
STRIGIFORMES 
Tytonidae: 
HES DTT Wil renee eee Aye SUYTKD CARD EN 1 
Strigidae: 
Screcchs owlssen sais eee OE OEWS OST OR ie ee a EE 3 
Spectacledtowl22222 22 aaa Pulsatric perspicillata____.______ 1 
Malay fishing owl__________________ CCTUDGNICCLULD Ue ee 1 
STAVOR AY? CON LE Se AN i NY GLEGAILY CLC sea 4 
Barre MeO Wille es SARI OR ee at 
IBULrOWwANe OWleo2 22 Speotyto cunicularia hypugaea__ 2 
Nepal brown wood owl_____________ Striv leptogrammica newarensis— 1 
CORACIIFORMES 
Alcedinidae: 
Eookaburraa = =— = Sees ee ee IDK OHMO OK ee 16 
Coraciidae: 
Lilac-breasted roller________________ Coracias caudata-____-__-_____ 2 
NCHA N ROW eT! se swakeey bs nat Se iate eh Coracias benghalensis____._____ 2 
Bucerotidae : 
Concave-casqued hornbill___________ I BOK ROS) | DECOY A *] 
PicdBhnorn bill i=2ae= es eae Anthracoceros malabaricus______ 1 
Abyssinian ground hornbill_________ Bucorvus abyssinicus___________ 2 
Leadbeater’s ground hornbill_______-_ Bucorvus leadbeateri___________ 1 
Greyghornbil] =. eas eee IUOG TES WHR OST ae 1 
Great black-casqued hornbill________ Certaogymna atrata________-__- 1 
Crowned hornbill__________________ Tockus alboterminatus__________ 1 
Yellow-billed hornbill______________ ROCKUSMLOUUMOSUGTS nee 1 


#On deposit at another zeo or sanctuary. 


126 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


PICIFORMES 


Family and common name Scientific name Number 
Capitonidae: 
Asiatic great barbet___--_-__-------- Megalaima virens__------------ 1 
Toucan barbets=2== eee Semnornis ramphastinus___----~ 1 
Ramphastidae: 
Keel-billed toucan-_.-_-_----_----~- Ramphastos culminatus__------- 2 
Sulphur-and-white-breasted toucan-__ Ramphastos vitellinus______---- 1 
Razor-billed toucanet_____-_-__------- Pteroglossus castanotis___-_----- 2 
PASSERIFORMES 
Tyrannidae: 
Kiskadee flycatcher________-------- Pitangus sulphuratus____------- 4 
Hastern kingbird=22-=2 22222 Pees Tyrannus tyrannus__----------- 1 
Alaudidae: 
iHormed lark ee Hremophila alpestris________--- 1 
Corvidae: 
NY Voy on See eo tiga Oa RE eg eae IPICGs NICO ee 1 
Yellow-billed magpie_______________ Pica nities 1 
(ASTATIOHER EE: 1G sao eo sue ee a es Crypsirina formosae_____-_----- 1 
Mia oye inp aya eee eo ee Calocitta formosa________-_----~ 1 
WULOPEAM Us aya ee a ee ee Garrulus glandarius________---- 2 
African white-necked crow__-------- Corvus Clos 222 2a eee 2 
American \CLoWeea 22 oo ee ee Corvus brachyrhynchos___------~ 1 
ARN VT 0a OU es Corvus coraxz principalis_____--- 2 
TUB Ao DSW Ce CON yy IN Corvus splendens_____--__-__-== 1 
Formosan red-billed pie____________ Cissa) cacrulcgs eee 9 
Occipital blue) pies {222 Cissa: occipitalis2 Sa 1 
IehureNRta? Crone eee Cissa chinensis. 1 
TH Chih ay a eC sad See Xanthoura yncoas____---_=----=- 1 
Paridae: 
GEG es a AE POCUS MAIO eee ee 1 
Timaliidae: 
White-capped redstart______________ Chaimarrhornis lteucocephalus___ 1 
Red-eyed babbler__________________ Chrysomma sinense_____-------~ 1 
Seimutar baller sie eae Pomatorhinus schisticeps_______ 1 
White-crested laughing thrush______ Garrutac, bicolor; ee ees 4 
Black-headed sibia_________________ Heterophasia capistrata_.____-_ 2 
Silver-eared mesia_____-_---_-_----__ Mesia argentauris_________----- 3 
I Efe a WIS 30) 0 1 0 SI Leiothria luteus__________-__--- 5 
Pycnonotidae: 
Red-eared bulbul_________________-_ Pycnonotus jocosus_______---__- 1 
Black-headed bulbul_____________--- Pycnonotus atriceps_______-_--_-~ 2 
Red-vented bulbul____._________-__-_- Pycnonotus cafer___._-__-____----- 4 
White-cheeked bulbul_______-__-___-- Pycnonotus leucogenys____-----~- 3 
White-eared bulbul_______________-- Pycnonotus leucotis____.___._____- 1 
Turdidae: 
Robin; valbino =: 22:2 Sse ere Turdus migratorius__________--- 1 
Huropean song thrush______________ Turdus ericetorum____--------__ 2 
BBS KG Meloy ho ees) BO ae iets eR an ee Turdus merula_._____--_-_-_- 1 
CUTER Chat 2 ees a NRO Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris__ 1 
Bombycillidae: 
Wiel aire) wyensxcyysinn te ces es nes cece Bombycilla cedrorum____-------- 1 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 


Family and common name Scientific name Number 
Sturnidae: 
mee Rose-colored pastor-—-------_2_-__« EGSLOTMGOSCUS ae een one eee 1 
Burplenstarline.—. 02 Se ee Lamprocolius purpureus________ 8 
Burchell’s long-tailed starling___--_- Lamprotornis caudatus__________ 1 
Amethyst starling___._______-_____-- Cinnyricinclus leucogaster_______ 1 
Tri-colored starling_____.__________- Spreo super vus- ee ae 1 
Junsleymiynah esse eee Acridotheres tristigs_._......______ ll 
Lesser hill mynah_____________-____ Gracula religiosa indica________ 3 
Greater Indian hill mynah_______-___ Gracula religiosa intermedia____ 2 
Nectariniidae: 
Variable sunbird__-___-_-_-___-___--_ Cinnyris venustus raceis________ 1 
Scarlet-tufted malachite sunbird__-__ Nectarinia johnstoni___._________ 1 
Beautiful sunbird__________________ Nectarinia pulchella____.________ 1 
Burplessunbird=22 221 22S Nectarinia asiatica_____________ 1 
Zosteropidae: 
BVV Ala ite= rye eed eee aw Dk hs Zosterops palpebrosa____________ 2 
Chloropseidae: 
Blue-winged fruit-sucker____________ Chloropsis hardwickei_________-_ 2 
Coerebidae: 
Black-headed sugarbird_______-_____ Chlorophanes spizga_____________ 2 
IB ANAM AQUI ete eee les Coereba flaveolajs222 2 1 
Parulidae: 
Kentucky warbler__________________ Oporornis formosus_______---__— 1 
BEE OL Ss ea re eset a aa hE ae Setophaga ruticilla.__________.- 1 
Ovenbird Sets cae ee Ee Seiurus aurocapillus___.___.______ 1 
Ploceidae: 
Red-naped widowbird__________--__- Coliuspasser laticauda__-----_-~ 4. 
Gaiam Gigavvbay cena ee a Diatropura procne._____________ 1 
IB AV AMWICAVEL = 22 eS a PLOCCWSHO GY CO aa ne eee 3 
Vitelline masked weaver____________ PLOCCUSEUULELUNUS aaa ee 1 
Red bishop weaver________-________ IHG NASI Cp ee 1 
White-headed nun__________________ ORO MOTB. TH 2 
Indian silverbill____________________ Lonchura malabarica______---__ 1 
bene adlesey finch wae we ee TG ORGHUT ONS) ete ee 3 
Cut-throat weaver finch____________ Amadina fasciata____-_----__-__ 1 
lavender) finch 22222 oe Estrilda coerulescens______----- 1 
Strawberry fineh= 2.22 ee Estrilda amandava_____--~----- 1 
Common waxbilliz: 2722028 ee ae Estrilda troglodytes._______--___ 1 
YAN OSE," SO 0G) aa i ae ere Poephila, castanotis2—=——__ = 7 
Couldiangiinch= 22 eee Poephila gouldiae____-_____-__-_ 1 
Icteridae: 
Yellow-headed blackbird____________ Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus— 1 
RuiComora Ckle@r ais ek Psomocolagr oryzivora___-------~- 2 
Swainson’s grackle__.______________ Holoquiscalus lugubris_____--_--~ 1 
GlOSsSyicow birds = Molothrus bonariensis__________- 2 
Brown-headed cowbird______________ WI OUORFUS. (HUG Re al 
I AVeCOW DITO Ss 2s ote Molothrus badius_____________-- 1 
Colombian red-eyed cowbird_________ Tangavius armenti________----- 1 
Red-winged blackbird______________ Agelaius phoeniceus_____-------- 2 
Red-breasted marshbird_____________ eistes militaris-—o-_ = =e eS 4 


128 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


Family and common name Scientific name Number 
Thraupidae: 
Palme tanger sees eee Tanagra palmarum_____-------- 
Biuetanagers.2 = a eee Thraupis cana__-_--------------- 
White-edged tanager___--_---------- Thraupis leucoptera__-_------_- 
Yellow-rumped tanager__-__-------- Ramphocelus icteronotus___-_-__ 
Passerini’s tanager______________---~ Ramphocelus passerinii____-_____ 
Maroon, or silver-beaked, tanager___ Ramphocelus jacapa__-___-----_- 
Fringillidae: 
Tropicalseed finch sss aes Oryzoborus torridus____.____-__- 
Rice erosheak2 202. 22s Fee ee eee: Oryzoborus crassirostris_________ 
Hvenine erosbedkess= sesso Hesperiphona vespertina_____-_~ 
Black-throated cardinal_____-----_-- Paroaria gularis___------------- 
CATT ese A IE Richmondena cardinalis_________ 
European linnet=——= eee Acanthis cannabina___-_-_______ 
European goldfinch________-----_---. Carduelis carduelis____________- 
Gere eral she haa A I Chloris (chioriss = 
Lesser yellow finch_________-_-_--_~_ Sicalis luteola__________-______ 
Saitiro neti chee ae eee ee Sicalis faveolas = aes 
Wihite-linedstinchs= === anaes Spermophila lineola____________ 
Slate-colored junco______-_--_------ Junco hyemalis_________-_______ 
Buff-throated saltator___._________-_ Saltator maxsimus____._-.________ 
Tawny-bellied seedeater____________- Sporophila minuta______________ 
SSKOVONES. SOP W EON (aces ne Melospiza melodia_____-________ 
IDICKGISSel sels lo a as Spiza americana______--- 2 -___ 
White-crowned sparrow_____-______ Zonotrichia leucophrys__________ 
Yellowhammer 02 90 ee a eae Emberiza citrinella___._.________ 
HKuropean bunting__________________ Emberiza calandra_____--__-____ 
Dae eon, TNO Se Volatinia jacarini_____-- = 
REPTILES 
LORICATA 
Alligatoridae: 
COUT T ATi Wa Vinita MS ODORS ea A IC alae Ulett Caiman sclerops________________ 
Blakes Cape mies ss ee es eee a Melanosuchus niger____________ 
American alligator______.___________ Alligator mississipiensis________ 
Chinesefalllizator seen aee Alligator sinensis_______________ 
Crocodilidae: 
Broad-nosed crocodile______________ Osteolaemus tetraspis___________ 
Air Caneecroco dill ees ee een Crocodylus niloticus__.__________ 
Narrow-nosed crocodile____________- Crocolylus cataphractus________ 
Salt-water crocodile________________ Crocodylus porosus___-________~ 
American crocodile_________________ Crocodylus acutus____.________-- 
Gavialidae: 
InGian (ead alee een ae LINE eon Gavialis gangeticus____________- 
CHELONIA 
Chelydridae: 
SIP pinot ua] ee wee ee Chelydra serpentina____________ 
Alligator snapping turtle__________.. Macrochelys temminckit_________ 
Kinosternidae: 
Musk Aturtlen no eae iach deeaaNiaie Sternotherus odoratus__________ 
Mira Curt] eu es rt eae eS eanae Kinosternon subrubrum_________ 
South American mud turtle_________ Kinosternon cruentatum________ 


BREEN WHOOP HER WH HHP OH D 


MEE oO bo 


On 


SECRETARY’S REPORT - 129 


Family and common name Scientific name Number 
Hmydidae: 
Boxaturtles: 22. 5 ee ee ee Terrapene carolina.___-__------- 63 
Three-toed box turtle-___--_--------- Terrapene carolina triunguis___- 2 
Ornate) box turtleso See eee Terrapene ornata ornata___----- 1 
Mionda box turtles2=2 Terrapene baurt___-_-_--_--_---- 5 
Kura kura box turtle___-__-_-_-------- Cuora amboinensis_______------ 2 
Diamondback turtle______---------~- Malaclemys terrapin_----------- 6 
Mapiturtles==22— 222 Sonu ee Se eke Graptemys geographica___------ 1 
Mississippi map turtle________-_----- Graptemys kohni_-------------- 3 
Barbour’s map turtle________------- Graptemys barbouri___--------- 4 
Painteds turtles ss fo eee eee Chrysemys picta______--------- 10 
Western painted turtle_____-------- Chrysemys picta belli___---_--- 12 
Southern painted turtle_____------- Chrysemys dorsalis_______------ al! 
@umberland) turtles 22-2 see yeas Pseudemys troostii___-___-_------ 7 
South American red-lined turtle____~ Pseudemys scripta callirostris___ 2 
Yellow-bellied turtle___________---- Pseudemys scripta scripta_----- 18 
Red-bellied turtle-______-__--------- Pseudemys rebriventris___-_---- 8 
Red-eared: turtle. - == 2-2 Pseudemys scripta elegans__--—- 33 
Southern water turtle________----_- Pseudemys floridana___--------- 7 
Florida red-bellied turtle_________-- Pseudemys nelsoni_-_----------- 2 
Central American turtle_______----- Pseudemys ornata___----------- 2 
Cubantwater turtle. -=---- = Pseudemys decussata-----~----- 1 
@hickenm turtles. 20220202 Deirochelys reticularia__------- 2 
Spottedeaturtles Yo. sei Ls Clemmys guttata___-_-_---------- 2 
Wroodentburties: 22225 2a lec. o ee Olemmys insculpta__----------- 5 
liberiam pond turtles 22222 ea Clemmys leprosa_-------------- 2 
European water terrapin_________-- Clemmys caspica rivulata___---- 13 
Huropean spond) turtles= 2222222 S222 Emys orbicularis__..____-------- 3 
Blanding’s, or semi-box, turtle_____- Emys blandingti_--_------------ 3 
Reevesisstuntlessso = 222 ew Chinemys reevesii_______------- 4 
Testudinidae: 
Duncan Island tortoise____________- Testudo ephippiwum_------------ 2 
Galapagos tortoise_________________ Testudo vicind._--- = 2 
Galapagos tortoises = 282 ees Testudo elephantopus_---------- 1 
Giant Aldabra tortoise__.___._.____.___ Testudo elephantina_----------- 2 
South American tortoise___________- Testudo denticulata-__--------- 5 
SUA: (OM aise eu Mestudor CLEC UN Sa eee ee 2 
Mountains tortoises eae. ee Mestid Oeil Sees 2 
Hermann’s tortoise. 5-2 Testudo hermanni___----------- i 
Gophermtortoises. 9222955 =e et Gopherus polyphemus_—--------- 2 
Mexasszopher tOrtoise= == == === Gopherus berlandieri__--------- 1 
Pelomedusidae: 
Atricaniwater turtles. 22) sass sno Pelusios sinwatus___------------ 2 
African black mud turtle___________ Pelusios subniger___------------ 1 
Amazon spotted turtle______________ Podocnemis wnifilis__----------- 4 
Chelydidae: 
Southern American  side-necked 
GUTS oy ie eee ast el hee cee Batrachemys nasuta__---------- 2 
Australian side-necked turtle________ Chelodina longicollis___--------- 3 
Nien En Abbe d a Chelys fimbriata________-----_-- 2 
Small side-necked turtle_____-_____-_ Hydromedusa tectifera---------- 2 
Large side-necked turtle________-__- Phrynops hilarit____------------ 7 


130 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


Family and common name Scientific name Number 

Chelydidae—Continued 

Krefi tis: turtles eee | See BHmydura krefftii_______________ 3 

Murray; turtiet 222 aie ti eM uelrata Hmydura macquarrit______--____ 3 

South American gibba turtle________ Mesoclemmys gibba_____________ 2 

Flat-headed turtle__________________ Platemys platycephala__________ 2 
Trionychidae: 

Southern soft-shelled turtle_________ LM KO ER TG ORp 4 

Texas soft-shelled turtle____________ Triony@ emoryi_________--- = 1 

African soft-shelled turtle__________ Trionys triunguis_______------- 2 

SAURIA 

Gekkonidae: 

Mokay 42 CCl at ev ite tee GEKKO O.CCO na 21 

DY SOCK Oe GaN GME atta a eke Phelsuma cepedianum____-__---- 2 

Daryn Pech oi ssl Giscaes crates ar Pheltsumag (spose ee 2 
Iguanidae: 

Common iguana] 2am eee Iguana iguana__-~_____--____ 2 

Carolina wano lew eee oLiaalne Anolis carolinensis_-__-____-____ 15 

Texas horned lizard________________ Phrynosoma cornutum____-_____ 1 

Crevice spiny lizard________________ Sceloporus poinsetti___._________ By 

Spiny-tailed iguana_________________ Ctenosaura acanthura_________- 2 
Agamidae: 

Acamid) Mzardecs2 22) eee EE ODULGUS: SALECOLG ae ee 1 
Scincidae: 

WMKowharnbiver sbaiel Egernia luctuosa_______________ 2 

AWE @ 7S) skating enn 00s ec ia aieek eN Hogernia whitei______-__ 3 

Greater five-lined skink_____________ Humeces fasciatus______________ 1 

Great Plains) skink2.2 22000 Humeces obsoletus______________ 2 

Stump-tailed skink_________________ TiNQua rugosa. 2) ee 1 

AEM ein Sika kee a Mabuya multifasciata___.._______ 2 
Gerrhosauridae: 

African plated lizard_______________ LONOSAUTLS Sp= a eee 2 

Madagascar plated lizard___________ Zonosaurus madagascariensis____ 2 

Plated MiZarg eee ewe eee tell Gerrhosaurus major______-_____ 1 
Lacertidae: 

European lizarg ase e swe nao cen Lacerta strigata trilineata______ 1 

European green lizard_____________ Lacerta viridis___-- 3 

Huropean) izard 22 ee a Lacerta erhardtit______-_-_-_-_-_-_- 1 

European wall lizard______________ Lacerta muralis_._ 2 1 
Teiidae: 

ATINVCL Va. iz Bare wee ses eee AM ee ane ec eaee Ameiva ameiva praesignis______ 1 

Wellow:: Cee so Sen UN AN Tupinambis teguivin.___________ 2 

Whip-tailed lizard _________________ Cnemidophorus tigris___________ 1 

Pei Gi Zar eee Mica ean ees Cnemidophorus sp__--____-_-___ 1 
Cordylidae: 

South African spiny lizard__________ Cordylus vandami perkoensis____ 2 
Varanidae: 

Duméril’s monitor_________________ Varanus dwmerili______________ 2 

WEVEb yay soaVorott roy Varanus salvator_______________ 1 

Philippine monitors 2222 see Varanus nuchalis_________-_____ 2 
Helodermatidae: 

Mexican beaded lizard_____________ Heloderma horridum__________- 3 


SECRETARY’S REPORT - 131 


Family and common name Scientific name Number 
Anguidae: 
Glassislizardi#en eee Ophisaurus ventralis___________ 3 
European glass lizard__-__-_--_------- Ophisaurus apodus_____________ 2 
SERPENTES 
Boidae: 
PATVACON Gays see ow ane cemaaeded Se Hunectes murinus_____-__--_____ 1 
Cooks) tree. boasts esas sa ees Corallus enydris cooki_____-____ 4 
Hmerald tree boa___--------------- Corallus caninus_-_---—---=.-.- 1 
IB Oa CONStT Chor sta laa Ye Constrictor constrictor_________ 4 
IM pPerorsOa sues Bol see Oe ey Constrictor imperator___.________ 1 
Cuban ground boa___-------------- Tropidophis melanura______---__ 1 
DEVEL TN TD Osa Oe a se a Epicrates cenchria______-----___ &} 
@uban\ tree Do awe an We ee Epicrates angulifer______------- 3 
SS ATCT) © eee ape ne are a LHD COU Gi oa eee 3 
TB al a ybn @ re ees oe is ge NL (PYLNONGLCGULSE 2 ae ee 2 
Indian rock python____________-____ Python molurus_______________- 3 
Rea alley: Chom oe hac a el Python reticulatus____-___------~ 4 
African py thones sees ee Python Sevaen = sees eae 1 
Acrochordidae: 
Hlephant trunk snake______________ Acrochordus javanicus____------~ 1 
Colubridae: 
HESGiira eas sr eal tae ea Lampropeltis getulus getulus____ 2 
Speckled king snake_______________ Lampropeltis getulus holbrooki__ 2 
California king snake_______________ Lampropeltis getulus californiae_ 1 
Florida king snake________________ Lampropeltis getulus floridana__ 2 
Sonoran king snake________________ Lampropeltis getulus splendida__ al 
Searlet king snake________________ Lampropeltis triangulum doliata— al 
Vii ees rv elie Ses os See Lampropeltis triangulum_______ 1 
Tropical king snake________________ Lampropeltis polyzonus______--- 1 
Garter snake. 6205 Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis____- 2 
Garter snake, melanistic phase_____ Thamnophis sirtalis________-___ 4 
Ribbon) snakes co ole es Thamnophis sauritus_____-__--- 1 
Hastern hognosed snake____________ Heterodon platyrhinos______---~ 1 
Common water snake_______________ INGERUCESUD COO 1 ate een 2 
Red-bellied water snake___________-_ Natriz erythrogaster________--_- 1 
Huropean grass snake______________ Natria natrie natrig_._______.-_ 5 
Brazos water snake________________ INGO WOGLEi1 sae ne eee 1 
Wraterrsnaike: i Nui ewe ba Natrixz harteri paucimaculata___ 2 
Diamondback water snake _________ Natria rhombifera_____________ 4 
@ueems smal ke es ela ee eek Natrie septemvittata____._______ 1 
Brown water snake________________ NOG tOvISptlOta= ee 1 
Broad-banded water snake__________ INGE NCOnUCNS= === eae 6 
Blotched water snake______________ NGC OTR ANSUCTSG == een ea 12 
Yellow-bellied water snake_________ Natrio: flavigastens 2 2 ass 5 
MMO ON SMAke Meee 2 sees ae et Drymarchon couperi_____--_____ al 
Western indigo snake___________-__ Drymarchon erebennus___----_- 1 
Pilotblack sniakes222 4 aaa ee Elaphe obsoleta obsoleta________ 2 
Pilot black snake, albino___________ Elaphe obsoleta obsoleta________ al 
Corngsnakes. oc 0 oil ule aes Hilaphe obsoleta guttata_________ 1 
Corn snake, albino_________________ Elaphe obsoleta guttata________- 1 
MO xe STANK Gwe eS anee Laven ei Hlaphe vulpina_________-___ = 1 


132 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


Family and common name 
Colubridae—Continued 


Formosan 


striped rat snake_________ 


Lindheimer’s snake________________ 


Great Plai 


NSeracesnal ken esas enna 


Chicken) ‘snakess220 222s ee 
Aesculapian snake_____-___________ 


Aesculapia 


TN (omaikeveeete eV iss AA Seki 


PAIN DOW SNA ke momen eae ee 


Formosan 


cat-eyed snake___________ 


Cat-eyed snake_____-______________ 
Black rsra cers = Soe Ae AR eee 


European 


Ea CCl ae a ee eee 


Red racers t22a8 ey Be aes 
Eastern coachwhip__—______________ 


Western ¢ 


oachwhip]. eee 


Ring-necked snake _________________ 
Hastern worm snake_______________ 
Dekaysisnia ke wes eee es 
Green whip snake__________________ 
Bulliesnaken ss 2 le Wee ie ae 
Florida pine snake_____-___________ 
Great Basin gopher snake__________ 
Te STV a Khe eS eer ORD ERO, 
AYA) Beat) aH ee Se IE 
Cat-eyed snakes 22.2 eee Ses ui 
Green-headed tree snake____________ 


Bronze vin 
Hlapidae: 


CERES) a eH Ee eum ON AR IN A SE 


Coral Msniaken tar) see ae bir ene res 


TRAD WE Ne CODT Bs See eee as aye tay ee AS 
King Cobras eee Seas Oe aE ES 
Many-banded krait_________________ 


Crotalidae: 


Southern copperhead___________-___ 


Northern copperhead_______________ 
Broad-banded copperhead__________ 


Cottonmouth water moccasin_______ 
Western water moccasin___________- 
Cantil ieee Ae Ee ee Se 
Eastern massasauga________________ 
iPyemy, rattlesnake See 
Greenipalmviper= ee eee 
Green? palm Wipers ee ieee 


Mamushi _ 
Habu ____ 


Viperidae: 
Puff adder 


Scientific name Number 


Hlaphe taentura________________ 
Hlaphe lindheimeri_____________ 
Hlaphe emoryi_____-_____-_____ 
Hlaphe quadrivittata___________ 
Hlaphe longissima______________ 
Elaphe longissima subgrisea___ 
Abastor erythrogrammus_______ 
Dinodon rufozonatum________-__ 
Leptodeira annulata____________ 
Coluber constrictor constrictor___ 


Stoneria” deka. ee 
Dryophis prasinus___--_________ 
Pituophis sayt__..____-==--- == _ 
Pituophis mugitus________-_____ 
Pituophis catenifer deserticola__ 
Simocephalus capensis__________ 
Lycodon flavomaculatus________ 
Hteirodipsas sp____--__ 
Leptophis mexicanus___________ 
Oxybelis aeneus________________ 


Miecrurus tenere__.__--__-______ 
NG N0jOo = eee 
Naja najo atra_.-___--__-_-- = 
Ophiophagus hannah_____---__- 
Bungarus multicinctus__________ 


ETT ok oe SE 


Ancistrodon piscivorus_______-__- 
Ancistrodon leucostoma_________ 
Ancistrodon bilineatus__________ 
Sistrurus catenatus catenatus___ 


Sistrurus miliarius____.____--__— 


Trimeresurus gramineus____--__ 
Trimeresurus stejnegeri_________ 
Trimeresurus elegans___________ 
Trimeresurus flavoviridis_______ 
Trimeresurus okinavensis_______ 


PORN H He HE ey © © He iS) 


= 


Family and common name 


Cryptobranchidae: 


Giant salamander__------~-_ 


Amphiumidae: 


Cine Gals a eee 


Ambystomatidae: 


Spotted salamander___—_-- 


Salamandridae: 
Japanese red-bellied newt 


Red-spotted newt__-------- 
Broken-striped newt_-_--~--- 


Bufonidae: 


American toad____-------- 
Howlers toad=-2--—- 
Blomberg’s toad__--------~- 
Giantitoad = eee 
Cubangtord==2252 022 
Central American toad____-~ 


Pelobatidae : 


European spadefoot toad__-_ 


Pipidae: 


Surinam toad__--_-------- 
African clawed frog__--_-~_ 


Leptodactylidae : 


Colombian horned frog____-_ 


Hylidae: 


Raddiserrogs sass Ss 
Barking tree frog__--_--__ 
European tree frog________ 
Graya tree! frog.) 22 


Microhylidae: 


Narrow-mouthed toad_____ 


Ranidae: 


IPG TS st O Ga eke he 
African bull frog__________ 
American bull frog________ 
Greenttroge 62 ie 
Leopard frog______________ 


Protopteridae : 


African lungfish__________ 
Snake-headed fish_________ 


707—317—63—_10 


SECRETARY'S REPORT 


AMPHIBIANS 
CAUDATA 
Scientific name Number 
bili d ene, 8 Megalobatrachus japonicus___--_ 23 
eases ath ae AGO KMDTOO THOUS il 
Li eee is ee Ambystoma maculatum_——-----~ ail 
BUR as em oo Diemictylus pyrriogaster___-_--~ 8 
aie asacbenne UES Diemictylus viridescens___---__~ 14 
Se Sees Diemictylus viridescens dorsalis_ 7 
SALIENTIA 
pal ea Bufo terrestris americanus—__—_~ 1 
soy Bie Bufo woodhousei fowleri_____-__ 3 
yale ge ee IBV O) OTRO G RTS es 2 
wer Eee Sa Ee IBOHO. GOUT Sapa Se 6 
si US Bufo pettocephatius-—-_ = ==] 8 6 
tk NL SHANE BU fOMmUDLONIUS= === eee 2 
exit Se IRWONROS TUS CUS ss 3 
pie pea ee PAD OMDUD G2 Sa ee Rane Lee eae 12 
oe wie SE Ue a, MGFVOVUS UGOUS saa ee 3 
BO Les Ceratophrys calcarata____----~- 2 
Mi pean estes des HylGmnaddind= al 
Biss Bis) Sheed HO OnORGttOSa== eee il! 
Se Svan aaa SEL GHADOPRQU 1 
nef ay Se JEQUG. OGPSOWOR 2 
Prosi Bei oe Microhyla carolinensis_____----- 2 
tee eee WAN GHLECKSCHCTIaa =. 2a eae aa 1 
tele eae, ONO MLS CES ee a 1 
pA pe cet oN. WONOCOLESUCLONG=—2 2s aaa 1 
Eel ba ee ITO GUO OOS a a 1 
pane 3 eae TROL. IOADKF US 25 
FISHES 
NEOCERATODONTOIDEI 
ae wis oe Protopterus annectens__________ 2 
pee td OS Nast Polypterus palmas_____________ 1 


134 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


OSTARIOPHYSOIDEI 


Family and common name Scientific name Number 
Characidae: 
d Berip Ez 0 alps Pensa lentipend eS IES eS Serrasalmus niger_____--------- 1 
TUG try eTn TS 0s Metynnis maculatus____________ 1 
Black: tetpale ee 220 Sa wae SUA pale ee Gymnocorymbus ternetzi______- 1 
Cyprinidae: 
Zebra: \Ganiloees 2 eee ese Sens ae Brachydanio rerio_______-_-_---- 4 
Ld geoph] Oe We OO AN es Ee Barbus partipentazona_________ 1 
White cloud mountain fish__________ Tanichthys albonubes___-________ 1 
Electrophoridae: 
Mlectric¢ eels soe Loe ian ee EAP Hlectrophorus electricus_______-_ 8 
CYPRINODONTOIDEL 
Poeciliidae: 
Mlas-tailed =ouppy.-_ = ee Lebistes reticulatuws___._________ 10 
GE UT TOY ae a NS Lebistes reticulatus____________ 15 
IB laekesmn'o lie ae ee las Ge ee ee Mollienesia latipinna__________~ 1 
Platycornemoontish== sae ee AXiphophorus maculatus______--_ 5 
PERCOMORPHOIDEI 
Anabantidae: 
Climbing perch sess esse eaean eae Anabas testudineus_____________ 3 
KG SSinl Sr SOUT AT ee ee ee etme Helisitoma temmincki__-______-_- 1 
Centrarchidae: 
Common blue sil eae ene Lepomis macrochirus_____-_____ all 
Cichlidae: 
IBERKeOeS COM a ee Astronotus ocellatus____________ 1 
Hgyptian mouthbreeder____________ Haplochromis multicotor________ 1 
African mouthbreeder______________ Pelmatochromis belladorsalis___ 1 
PACING OU LTS Ta aes are eae (Enea oe Pterophyllum eimekei__________- 1 
Jack Dempsey fish_________________ Cichlasoma biocellatum________- 83 
Gobiidae: 
Bumblebee: fishes ae Brachygobius doriae_____-______ 1 
Locariidae: 
South American catfish____________ Plecostomus plecostomus_______ 2 
ARTHROPODS 
DECAPODA 
Cenobitidae: 
Land hermit crab. 22 sea a Coenobita clypeatus___._________ 23 
ARANEIDA 
Theridiidae: 
Black-widow, Spider222 ae es Latrodectus mactans__________- 1 
Aviculariidae: 
Param Gilat Seu Ge ciUi Sea AUG DCUNG Ses nen eee 3 
ORTHOPTERA 
Blattidae: 
Tropical giant cockroach___________ Blaberus giganteus________-____ 50 
MOLLUSKS 
PULMONATA 
Planorbidae: 
Ponds Snails Sess eo ae eis Helisoma trivolvis______________ 30 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 135 


REPORT OF THE VETERINARIAN 


The National Zoological Park was without a veterinarian from 
July 1, 1962, until May 6, 1963, when Dr. Clinton Gray was appointed. 
During the interim, the director and the general curator, assisted by 
Thomas Schneider as medical technologist, shared the responsibility 
for the health of the animals. They were fortunate in having the 
cooperation and assistance of men in various fields of clinical 
investigation and medicine. Among these were: Dr. Leonard Marcus 
and staff, of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology; Dr. Clarence 
Hartman and staff, of George Washington University; Dr. M. B. 
Chitwood, Dr. A. McIntosh, and Dr. W. W. Becklund of the Beltsville 
Parasitological Laboratory, Department of Agriculture; Dr. A. G. 
Karlson, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn.; Dr. F. R. Lucas, director 
of the Livestock Sanitary Laboratory, Centreville, Md.; and Dr. 
Anthony Morris of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. 

In October, Tomoka, the baby gorilla, became ill with an intestinal 
infection. Local pediatricians were called into consultation, but 
when the animal did not respond to treatment he was taken to Chil- 
dren’s Hospital and put in an animal research laboratory under the 
care of Dr. Everett Lovrein, resident physician, and Dr. Robert E. 
Martin. Headkeeper Ralph Norris and senior keeper Bernard Gal- 
lagher stayed with the little ape 24 hours a day, and he made a speedy 
recovery. Despite a serious prognosis—Shigellosis complicated by 
dehydration and acidosis—Tomoka made a remarkable return to his 
normal weight gain after this hospitalization. 

Nikumba, the adult male gorilla, showed signs of having a cold 
about the middle of June. Medication was given, and he appeared 
to be recovering, when he was stricken with bilateral paralysis. As 
of June 30, prognosis is impossible, but he is being treated by an 
orthopedic surgeon, Dr. Henry Feffer, and a neurosurgeon, Dr. Hugo 
V. Rizzoli, in consultation with Dr. Alf Nachemson, orthopedic sur- 
geon of the University of Gothenburg, Sweden. 

Specialists from George Washington University Medical School 
tried to establish a suspected pregnancy in Ambika, one of the Indian 
elephants, by means of electrocardiographic equipment. Electro- 
cardiographs had been taken in the Portland (Oreg.) Zoo when their 
elephants were pregnant. In the case of Ambika, however, no fetal 
heartbeat could be detected, and she has now gone past the time for 
giving birth since the last possible conception date. 

The bharal or blue sheep (Pseudots nayaur) was inadvertently 
omitted from the inventory printed in last year’s annual report. On 
July 5, 1962, the last of the line, a female, died, and the post mortem 
showed liver abscesses. The original pair of these beautiful animals 
was brought to the Zoo in October 1937 by the National Geographic 


136 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


Society-Smithsonian Institution Expedition to Netherlands East 
Indies, having been secured from an animal dealer in Shanghai. 
Seven young were born in the National Zoological Park between 1939 
and 1945. 

Following are the statistics for the mortality rates at the National 
Zoological Park for the past fiscal year and a table of comparison 
with the past 7 fiscal years: 


Mortality, fiscal year 1963 


Total mortality, 
past 7 years 
Cause Reptiles Birds | Mammals 
No autopsy for sundry reasons !_______ 149 35 10 | 1957__._549 
Attrition (within 7-14 days after ar- 

Te £24 W st Se ed RY SU eS eke er A ae uae eae 21 5 | 1958____550 
Inatermalicisesisesiaeiaes een mann erg nape 67 37 29 | 1959____472 
JENGROUR CIES = oo ooo eee ecole soe bose 5 4 | 1960____532 
PAT AS TESS pages aera Dal GAD sauce yan 27 2 1 | 1961____517 
mye S NaC CL CLE Matisse eee 5 96 21 | 1962____584 
J SDAHTVG) OVEN OWENS ahr OT A eh ee IN ass Bae | 2 6" (S2eae aeee 
Miscellaneous (stillborn, old age, 

SHOCK) ees SSA MeN, ieee cig 8 rea 8 3 (ae eae te Naar 2 
Undeterminedtiay ae Ae anes Re ea ee Pall 46 29). |4o 5 eee 

FING Ge Neate Ie ee Sy helge ict ees at oy ce 277 247 112 | 1963____636 


1 Reasons include preserving intact specimen for museum and research, progressed decomposition, insuf- 
ficient remains in ease of predators, etc. 


VISITORS 


Advanced planning for a National Zoological Park attendance sur- 
vey began in August 1961 under the direction of Albert Mindlin, 
statistician of the Management Office, District of Columbia. The 
actual collection of data commenced on July 1, 1962, and was tabu- 
lated for the following 12 months. 

The primary purposes of the survey are to obtain objective estimates 
of the total number of visitors during the fiscal year, the average num- 
ber of visitors in the Park at any specific period during the year, and 
the average length of time a visitor’s automobile remains within the 
Zoo. 

The procedure involved hand-punching IBM porto-puncheards by 
specially trained and recruited employees on a statistically predeter- 
mined basis at all entrances and exits of the Zoo. Sample interviews 
of pedestrians and cars leaving at any gate were used as visitor deter- 
mining factors. 

The hand-punched-card data thus generated were mechanically con- 
verted into computer-adapted punchcards and fed into an especially 


SECRETARY'S REPORT 137 


programmed IBM 1401 B computer of the Science Information Ex- 
change of the Smithsonian Institution. 

Although the entire project had not been completed at the end of 
the year, projection of the data of the first 7 months forecasts a visitor 
population in excess of 3,200,000 from July 1, 1962, to June 30, 1963. 


Number of bus groups visiting the Zoo in fiscal year 1963 


Locality Number of | Number in Locality Number of |} Number in 
groups groups groups groups 

Alalpann ay 25s! 41 1, 284 || Missouri__________ 3 L113} 
Arkansas________- 5 Akoya! Nelo asia wise eae 3 118 
Colorado-___-___-_-- 3 90 || New Hampshire___ G 257 
Connecticut___-___- 26 785 || New Jersey_------ 84 2, 851 
Delaware________-_ 78 2,197 |} New Mexico_-_-_-_-_- 11 279 
District of Colum- New York_______-_ 318 9, 5389 
[OU See WS 409 15, 185 || North Carolina____ 223 10, 047 
HlOnid ages = os So 105 Se OOS tl Ohioeme act rene aa 26 847 
Georgian =) 2.22 121 4,025 || Oklahoma__-__-_-_-_- 2 55 
Mtivoisee ys eee 15 501 || Pennsylvania______ 552 19, 689 
indiana ee es he 4 186 || Rhode Island__-_-__ L7/ 600 
No waeerse Se Shs 2 3 130 |} South Carolina_-___ 60 2,195 
Iams aS aera fo Le 3 94 || South Dakota__-_-_- 1 38 
Kentucky_________ 23 765 || Tennessee________ 148 4, 752 
Louisiana_________ 2 AO gilighemastyl ess = tke oes 22 124 
Massachusetts _____ Tal ASSM| lev lee CANT eye eee ee 1,734 | 55, 429 
Maine: S922 2 8 334 || West Virginia____- 153 4, 693 
Manylandiess o_o 2, 260 64, 283 || Wisconsin_____-_-- 2 115 
Machiganaass 525). = 8 424 Scaaaaaraanen | aa 
Minnesota_____-__- 1 41 4S ee 6, 496 | 206, 444 


Mississippi______-__ 4 128 


About 2 p.m. each day the cars then parked in the Zoo are counted 
and listed according to the State or country from which they come. 
This is, of course, not a census of the cars coming to the Zoo but is 
valuable in showing the percentage of attendance by States of people 
in private automobiles. Many District of Columbia, Maryland, and 
Virginia cars come to the Zoo to bring guests from other States. The 
tabulation for fiscal year 1963 is as follows: 


Percentage Percentage 
IVaTey RATT ieee eu ee 31.4 Massachusetiswe 2] == 0.8 
Wileegiitl), ieee ee 21.5 SouthiiC@arolina= =e or 
District of Columbia___-_____- 19.3 GTN O'S pte te eR Oe ee 6 
Pennsylvania, 2222202 ae 4.4 Connecticut ===. -—5) aa .6 
ING WARWORKG= 282 Sn ne ad 2.5 @alih Oni eee ee ee .6 
INorthe Carolina 222-202 22s 5== 1.9 Mennesseen 22 22 Be a ee 5 
Ohio weenie eee ee ele 1.4 WRK MIE ay .5 
New?) Jersey. 2222 2 es ce 1.4 Georeias 2 See ee .5 
West) -Virginia=-=--_.--- = ee TS SNA Sarasa .o 
REE CVS CL SA Ee ae a 1.0 My LT Sqn ape aa .4 


138 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


The remaining 8.2 percent came from other States, Canada, Canal 
Zone, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Newfoundland, Peru, 
Puerto Rico, and Saipan. 

On the days of even smal] attendance there are cars parked in the 
Zoo from at least 15 States, the District of Columbia, and foreign 
countries. On average days there are cars from approximately 22 
States, the District of Columbia, and foreign countries; and during 
the periods of greatest attendance the cars represent no less than 34 
different States and countries. 


PERSONNEL 


Dr. Clinton W. Gray was appointed veterinarian on May 6, 1963. 
Prior to his appointment at the Zoo, Dr. Gray was employed as vet- 
erinarian by the Agency for International Development and spent 
considerable time overseas. 

Henry P. (Harry) Leech, who for more than 20 years had been 
associated with his father, L. Gordon Leech, in the management of 
the Zoo restaurant, died on June 26 at the age of 41. He was well 
known to Zoo visitors, and particularly to the “Anteaters” who meet 
in the fall to eat wild game at the restaurant. He will be greatly 
missed by his many friends. 

During the year eight employees retired. Pvt. Robert Ewell, ap- 
pointed March 6, 1912, retired December 31, 1962. Most of his 50 
years of service had been with the police force on night duty. Roy 
Jennier, appointed October 18, 1929, was for many years in charge of 
the reptile house. He was a member of the National Geographic- 
Smithsonian Expedition to the East Indies in 1937. At the time of 
his retirement, December 31, 1962, he was supervisory animal keeper 
in the monkey house. James Derrow, who also retired on Decem- 
ber 31, was maintenance general foreman and responsible for all 
construction and repairs in the Zoo. He had been with the Park 
more than 30 years since his appointment on July 6, 1931. Michael 
Dubik, head supervisory gardener since July 31, 1956, retired May 24, 
1963, because of ill health; Frank Mele, mason leader appointed July 
24, 1947, retired August 18, 1962; Mirza Wilson, chief operating 
engineer appointed June 19, 1950, retired April 27, 1963; Lizzie 
McDaniel, custodial laborer since May 1, 1953, retired February 8, 
1963; and Dave Rose, laborer, appointed March 2, 1949, retired April 
30, 1963. 

The director attended the annual meeting of the American Asso- 
ciation of Zoological Parks and Aquariums in Kansas City, Mo., in 
September and was voted president-elect for 1962-63. He also at- 
tended the meeting of the International Union of Directors of Zo- 
ological Gardens in San Diego, Calif., later that same month. On 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 139 


November 20 he attended the formal opening of the new zoo in 
Phoenix, Ariz. On March 1, he traveled to Fort Worth, Tex., for the 
board meeting of the American Association of Zoological Parks and 
Aquariums. On March 31, accompanied by Richard Dimon, project 
architect for the new construction at the National Zoological Park, 
he left for a short study tour of European zoos. 

J. Lear Grimmer, associate director, attended the meeting of the 
American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums in Kansas 
City, and Travis E. Fauntleroy, assistant to the director, attended the 
midwinter conference of the same association at Fort Worth. 

In 1963 there were 210 authorized positions, an increase of 5 posi- 
tions over 1962: office of the director, 11; operations and maintenance 
department, which includes the mechanical] division, police division, 
grounds division, and services division, 122, an increase of 4 (1 me- 
chanic, 1 hydraulic equipment operator, 1 tree maintenance worker, 
and 1 laborer); animal department, 76, an increase of 1 (night 
keeper) ; and the scientific research department, 1. 


ANIMAL DEPARTMENT 


In preparation for reconstruction work planned for the National 
Zoological Park, several existing areas were made suitable to house 
evacuated animals. The entire stock of the birdhouse was moved to 
various outdoor enclosures and to the old antelope house, which had 
been closed to the public for several years. Converting the antelope 
house into a temporary birdhouse required the construction of one 
large flight cage and the rewiring of some of the old antelope stalls. 

A number of animals that were heretofore housed singly were care- 
fully introduced to one another, and by keeping several together in one 
cage, additional space was made available. 

To utilize space further, the animal department continued the pro- 
gram begun last year of wintering tropical animals outdoors. A 
“flight cage” which had originally been built for indoor use by gibbons 
was rebuilt on the northeast side of the lion house. It was equipped 
with cinderblock and concrete shelters with one heat lamp and soil- 
cable floor heat in each shelter. A group of four young animals and 
a fully adult breeding pair were moved into this outdoor enclosure in 
August in order to give them sufficient time to become accustomed to 
the gradual drop of temperatures in autumn. The female of the 
adult pair gave birth to a baby in December, which she carefully 
nursed, bringing it outdoors for at least 2 hours a day except during 
bad weather. 

Theoretically much less suited to withstand severe winter tem- 
peratures outdoors was a pair of South American tapirs, transferred 
to the so-called beaver pond late in summer. A shelter with tinfoil 


140 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


insulation between two layers of boards was constructed, but no arti- 
ficial heat was installed. With the onset of cold weather, deep straw 
bedding was provided. Both tapirs were put on a diet of approxi- 
mately eight fish a day in addition to their normal ration of fresh 
vegetables and A-1 ration. Despite the fact that the pond froze 
over completely for the better part of 4 months, both animals sur- 
vived without any damage to the skin or feet. Neither animal ap- 
peared to object to the snow on the ground, and their customary 
summertime motion pattern was clearly indicated by footprints in 
the snow. 

Patagonian cavies, another unusual species, were also successfully 
wintered. Although these animals were provided with a noninsu- 
lated but well-built shelter, they preferred to make their own excava- 
tions in frozen ground and seek shelter below the house provided. 
Six young have been born in this enclosure since February. 

A number of tropical birds, primarily psittacines, wintered out- 
doors, provided only with minimal heated-perch shelters with infra- 
red lamps. 

Two female lion cubs born at the Zoo in March 1962 spent most of 
the winter in a large, exposed, open-air cage with no protection other 
than a continuously open indoor shelter which was rarely, if ever, 
used during the daytime. 

The total number of accessions for the year was 986. This includes 
gifts, purchases, exchanges, deposits, births, and hatchings. 


POLICE DIVISION 


The most important activity of the police division was the creation 
of a law enforcement school. Appointed as training officer, Lt. D. B. 
Bell formulated plans for a comprehensive training program. Its 
value was readily recognized and received official approval for its 
implementation from the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. 
The course encompassed ten 8-hour days of sessions, at the conclusion 
of which an examination was given to participants. It was a highly 
successful venture, and it is now a basic requirement of the National 
Zoological Park police that all new officers must take and pass the 
course. 

Three members of the division, Lieutenant Wolfe, Sergeant Grubbs, 
and Private Porter, were qualified as pistol instructors for the police 
force by special agent William Little, of the Security Branch, 
State Department, in September 1962. Fourteen visitors sent in 
written commendations on the courtesy, kindness, and consideration 
extended to the general public by the police. Through the efforts of 
Lt. J. R. Wolfe, 24 certificates were awarded by the American Red 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 141 


Cross to employees of the National Zoological Park who have donated 
‘a gallon or more of blood to the blood-donor program. 

Six walkie-talkie sets were acquired to facilitate direct communica- 
tion between headquarters and the officers on outside duty in the 
Park. Two sets have been assigned to the animal department and 
have proved very useful. 

The police, under the supervision of Private Adams, assisted Albert 
Mindlin of the Management Office of the District of Columbia in 
making the visitors’ survey, as noted elsewhere in this report. 

In January 1963 the Federal Bureau of Investigation requested 
from the division a monthly report on the number of arrests and 
complaints, to be used by the FBI in its compilation of data on the 
total crimes committed in the United States. 

A total of 92 truant children were picked up in the Park, and 
appropriate action was taken by the division. The police found 311 
lost children and returned them to their parents or chaperones. Eight- 
een pairs of eyeglasses and sunglasses, found and unclaimed, were 
sent to the Society for the Prevention of Blindness, and nine bags 
of clothing and miscellaneous articles, found and unclaimed, were 
turned over to Goodwill Industries. During the year 9,776 visitors 
stopped at the police station requesting various types of information. 
The first-aid station, at police headquarters, treated 69 severe cases 
and 705 minor cases. 

The American Red Cross Blood Bank received 67 pints of blood 
from Zoo employees during the year. Total donations are now well 
over 700 pints. 


MAINTENANCE, CONSTRUCTION, AND GROUNDS 


The mechanical division has the responsibility for the maintenance 
and repair of the buildings and facilities of the National Zoological 
Park. This responsibility is met by the heating and ventilating sec- 
tion, and by the building section which, in addition to continuing 
maintenance, constructed numerous new shelters, paddocks, and cages 
for the animals exhibited. 

The renovations of the puma house and the main bear line were 
completed. The interior dens at the puma house are now completely 
rebuilt. Five partition walls at the bear line were rebuilt, using the 
gunnite or sprayed concrete which proved so satisfactory during the 
previous year. 

A new exhibit for gibbons was constructed in the area adjacent to the 
lion house. The cage, 12 by 40 feet, provides two separate enclosures, 
each large enough to allow space for the gymnastics of these animal 
aerialists. 


142 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


Results of the maintenance program are most apparent in the reptile 
building. The new paint in the visitor area and the rebuilding and 
decorating of the cages, along with the contract work done as a safety 
measure, have resulted in an orderly, well-kept building. Among the 
improvements not readily apparent are the new electric panels which 
provide uninterrupted service for the electric lighting as well as power 
for the refrigeration and other commissary activities in the reptile- 
house basement. 

The sign program, now well underway, required the coordination of 
the carpenter shop, paintshop, and metal shop to frame, paint, and 
erect the attractive and informative signs on the various exhibits 
throughout the Zoo. 

The remodeling of the birdhouse and the construction of the new 
east-west access road put an additional burden on the mechanical 
division, as temporary shelters and enclosures had to be improvised for 
the birds and animals dislocated by the new construction. A flight 
cage was built in the old antelope house to provide a temporary home 
for birds evacuated from the birdhouse. A shelter and enclosure 
were provided for the dorcas gazelles, relocated because of the new 
road. In addition, a new yard with heavy fencing was prepared for 
the Cape buffalo. 

The deep excavation required to maintain a suitable gradient for the 
new perimeter road unearthed a myriad of sewers and waterlines 
which had to be traced and relocated, thus adding to the already heavy 
workload of the plumbing crew. 

Many of the improvements made during the year were in the in- 
terests of safety. In cooperation with the District of Columbia De- 
partment of Buildings and Grounds, practically all the glass cage 
fronts at the reptile house were replaced, as were also several large 
panes of glass separating the visitors from the animals in the small- 
mammal house. 

The eagle cage, which is to remain in the remodeled birdhouse area, 
was painted under a contract with a local rigging company. 

The walkway from the fox line through the hollow up to the owl 
and silver-gull cages was resurfaced, and road repairs were made. 

The grounds department moved many plants from the birdhouse 
area to the center of the Zoo, sodded several areas where there previ- 
ously had been no grass, and enhanced the appearance of the Park by 
the addition of flower beds around the buildings. A number of plants 
and shrubs were purchased, and donations of flowers and plants were 
received from the District of Columbia Waterworks, the Botanical 
Garden, Navy Hospital, Naval Ordnance, and the management of the 
annual flower show. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 143 


The building occupied by the grounds department was renovated to 
clear walkways and to store tools and equipment so as to eliminate 
trip hazards. Steel helmets, new ropes, and climbing equipment were 
placed in service, and an additional treeman was hired. Low limbs 
over bridle paths were cut, and dead limbs removed from 140 trees 
over walks and along the main road. Forty trees in bad condition 
were cut and removed. Large holes in lawns were filled in. 


INFORMATION AND EDUCATION 


After the planning, equipping, and staffing of a sign laboratory in 
the basement of the elephant house, which was completed October 12, 
1962, the department’s activities for the year were mainly concerned 
with the writing, designing, producing, and mounting of new modern 
animal identification labels for the Zoo. Durable outdoor labels are 
printed photographically on sensitized anodized aluminum. Other 
techniques of exhibits production successfully employed are silk- 
screen prints and film transparencies for indoor labeling. 

To date, five units of the Zoo have been completely relabeled—the 
puma house, main bear line, short bear line, ring cages, and the ele- 
phant house. The reptile house is being labeled. A total of 397 animal 
identification labels and other supporting Zoo signs (such as large 
maps of the Zoo, explanation of the new construction, building and 
safety signs) were produced and mounted in the period from Octo- 
ber 12, 1962, to June 30, 1963. 

Additional department activities during the year included artwork, 
charts, graphs, mapwork, a number of special projects, dissemination 
of animal information by telephone and correspondence, library main- 
tenance, and 18 special guided tours for groups of handicapped 
children, visiting schools, and foreign guests. 

On July 10, 1962, a group of 2,300 foreign exchange students visited 
the Zoo; on May 12, 1963, 9,248 School Safety Patrol children, trans- 
ported in 266 buses, came to the Zoo following their annual parade on 
Constitution Avenue. A group of the animal keepers, on their day off, 
entertained the underprivileged children from D.C. Junior Village, 
taking them on a tour of the Zoo and giving them lunch in the cafeteria. 
On May 24, 250 “Friends of the National Zoo” were given a guided 
night tour of the Park. 

The director gave two radio talks and three talks to local organiza- 
tions. He appeared on television, once in Sarasota, Fla., in connection 
with the proposed establishment of a zoo, and once on WTOP (Wash- 
ington) with Dr. W. T. Roth, general curator. The associate director, 
J. Lear Grimmer, addressed the University Club, Wilmington, Del., 
in connection with the development of a zoo in that city. 


144 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


The September 1962 issue of Parks and Recreation carried an article 
by Charles Thomas, senior keeper, on wintering tropical birds and 
animals outdoors. J. Lear Grimmer’s account of his work with the 
hoatzin in British Guiana appeared in the September issue of Vational 
Geographic Magazine. 


SAFETY SUBCOMMITTEE 


The National Zoological Park safety subcommittee, consisting of 
Lt. John R. Wolfe, chairman; Capt. C. EK. Brink, police division; 
F. M. Dellar, administration office; Bert J. Barker, animal depart- 
ment; Reily Straw, maintenance and construction; D. E. Schwartz- 
beck, grounds department; and Mrs. W. M. Holden, secretary, held 
monthly meetings to suggest, discuss, and make recommendations to 
the director on safety improvements. 

A self-survival course, given by the American Medical Association 
and sponsored by the American Red Cross, was attended by Sergeants 
Canter and Grubbs. Sergeants Canter and Kadlubowski attended a 
traffic workshop, sponsored by the National Safety Council. Shotguns 
were installed in locked gun cabinets with glass fronts, located in prin- 
cipal buildings, and seven keepers were given instructions in the proper 
handling of these guns in case of emergency. 

Steps of some buildings were painted with black and yellow stripes 
as a caution to the public. All buildings have been checked for fire 
hazards and have exit lights installed at main exits. 

Members of the subcommittee periodically inspect all buildings, 
grounds, and equipment in the Park and remove or correct all minor 
hazards affecting visitor or employee safety. 


COOPERATION 


At all times special efforts are made to maintain friendly contacts 
with other Federal and State agencies, private concerns and individ- 
uals, and scientific workers for mutual assistance. As a result, the 
Zoo receives much help and advice and many valuable animals, and in 
turn it furnishes information and, whenever possible, animals it does 
not need. 

Through the cooperation of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and 
Charles A. Milton, chief game warden, Maryland Game and Inland 
Fish Commission, a number of waterfowl were obtained for the Zoo. 
Division headkeeper W. Widman and keepers Bruce Williams and 
Robert Williams were permitted to trap a number of wild ducks and 
geese on Chesapeake Bay. 

Special acknowledgment is due William Taback and John Pulaski, 
in the office of the Dispatch Agent in New York City, and Stephen E. 
Lato, Dispatch Agent in San Francisco, who are frequently called 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 145 


upon to clear shipments of animals coming from abroad, often at 
great personal inconvenience—late at night, or on a weekend. 

When it is necessary to quarantine animals coming into this country, 
they are taken to the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s station in 
Clifton, N.J. During the past year, Dr. H. A. Waters and Andy 
Goodel, two of the officials stationed there, have been most cooperative 
in keeping the National Zoological Park informed as to the well- 
being of animals and birds being held there for quarantine. 

Animals that die in the Zoo are offered to the U.S. National Mu- 
seum. If the Museum does not need them, either as study specimens 
or as exhibits, they are sent on request to research workers in other 
institutions. Specialists at the Museum are always willing to be of 
help in identifying rare specimens that are acquired by the Zoo. 

The National Zoological Park cooperated with the National Capital 
Parks and lent small animals to Park naturalists and to the Nature 
Center in Rock Creek Park for demonstrations. 


FINANCES 


Funds for the operation of the National Zoological Park are appro- 
priated annually under the District of Columbia Appropriation Act. 
The operation and maintenance appropriation for the fiscal year 1963 
totaled $1,470,200, which was $119,400 more than for the previous 
year. The increase consisted of $48,300 to cover salary increases for 
wage-board employees; $23,700 for within-grade salary advancements 
for both general-schedule and wage-board employees; $18,000 to cover 
costs of reallocations; $17,820 to establish five new positions for 75 
percent of the year; $7,080 for the purchase of supplies and materials; 
and $4,500 for the purchase of new equipment. 

Of the total appropriation, 84.7 percent ($1,245,809) was used for 
salaries and related personnel costs, and 15.3 percent ($224,391) for 
the maintenance and operation of the Zoo. Included in the latter 
figure were $74,000 for animal food; $19,000 for fuel for heating; 
$26,680 for materials for building construction and repairs; $12,826 
for electricity ; $18,725 for the purchase of animals; $6,255 for tele- 
phone, postal, and telegraph services; and $7,460 for veterinarian 
equipment and supplies. The balance of $64,445 in operational] funds 
was expended for other items, including freight, sundry supplies, uni- 
forms, gasoline, road repairs, equipment replacement, and new equip- 
ment. 

CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS 


Money appropriated this year for new construction totaled 
$1,227,000. 

During the first part of the fiscal year the preparation of detailed 
plans for the first phase of the capital improvement program was con- 


146 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


tinued. These plans were submitted in final form in November. Two 
separate bids were advertised and awarded. 

The Edrow Engineering Co. was awarded the contract for the 
renovation and modernization of the birdhouse and the construction 
of a new walk-through flight cage. Work started on April 29, 1963. 
As noted elsewhere, the birds had been evacuated prior to this date. 
It is anticipated that the work will be completed in April 1964. 

The Cherry Hill Sand & Gravel Co. was awarded the contract for 
the relocation of the east-west access road. Work started on March 
27, 1963. The excavation and grading are now well underway, and it 
is anticipated that the road will be ready for use in early fall. 

National Capital Parks, Department of the Interior, is relocating 
Beech Drive, as mentioned in last year’s report. This is being done 
for the National Park Service by the Bureau of Public Roads. After 
tunneling through more than 780 feet of solid rock under “Adminis- 
tration Hill,” the top half of the tunnel was completed May 24, 1963. 

Plans for the second phase of the capital improvement program, 
which will consist of enclosures for the hardy hoofed stock on the 
present site of the buffalo and zebra pens, a. new entrance on Connecti- 
cut Avenue, and deer paddocks on the hili behind the birdhouse, are 
being drawn up by the architectural firm of Daniel, Mann, Johnson & 
Mendenhall. Plans are also being made for the redevelopment of the 
office area. 

All redevelopment work is being done under the direction of the 
District of Columbia Department of Buildingsand Grounds. Special 
acknowledgment is due the director of that department and his able 
staff. 

Respectfully submitted. 

TueroporE H. Reep, Director. 
Dr. Leonarp CaRMICHAEL, 
Secretary, Snuthsonian Institution. 


Report on the Astrophysical Observatory 


Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the op- 
erations of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for the fiscal 
year ended June 30, 1963: 

The Astrophysical Observatory includes two divisions: the division 
of astrophysical research in Cambridge, Mass., for the study of solar 
and other types of energy impinging on the earth; and the division 
of radiation and organisms in Washington, for the investigation of 
radiation as it relates directly or indirectly to biological problems. 
Shops are maintained in Washington for work in metals, woods, and 
optical electronics, and to prepare special equipment for both di- 
visions; and a shop conducted in cooperation with the Harvard College 
Observatory in Cambridge provides high-precision mechanical work. 
Twelve satellite-tracking stations are in operation, in Florida, Hawai, 
and New Mexico in the United States and abroad in Argentina, 
Australia, Curacao, India, Iran, Japan, Peru, South Africa, and 
Spain. 

DIVISION OF ASTROPHYSICAL RESEARCH 


Research at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory continues 
to yield new knowledge and increased understanding of a broad range 
of astrophysical phenomena.* 

Concerning members of the solar system—planets, satellites, mete- 
oroids, comets, etc.—the scientific staff have pursued many investiga- 
tions. The effects of solar phenomena on these other members of the 
system received particular attention, befitting the rapidly increasing 
scientific interest in these topics and the increasing national interest 
In space. 

The sun itself deserves ever more intensive observation and analysis. 
Observatory scientists have applied their talents to these studies. In- 
struments carried on Orbiting Solar Observatories have become a 
major source of solar data. 

Beyond the solar system, the stars, galaxies, nebulae, and inter- 
stellar matter present numerous research problems, many of which 
members of the Observatory staff have studied. Instrumentation now 


* Unless otherwise noted, research is supported from Federal funds appropriated to the 
Smithsonian Institution. The Observatory, by support of the scientists, shares in the 
support of all research. Support from outside sources is noted numerically where appro- 
priate and detailed in footnotes 1-20 on p. 164. 


147 


148 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


being prepared for the Orbiting Astronomical Observatories is 
expected to yield new data not obtainable from ground observatories. 
The use of electronic computers of great capacity and capability has 
allowed consideration of detailed aspects of stellar theories. 

A strong feature of the broad scope of the Observatory’s scientific 
program is the ease with which a scientist investigating some particu- 
lar topic may draw on information and techniques generated by others 
pursuing different topics. Particularly gratifying were several cases 
in which instrumentation developed for a specific project was adapted 
to a quite different application. ‘The many instances of cross-fertiliza- 
tion of scientific disciplines occurring within the Observatory’s activ- 
ities make subdivision of its program difficult. This, however, is a 
small price to pay for the program’s increased scientific value. 

Planetary sciences.—With the advent of intensive national and inter- 
national space programs, interest in the planets has increased remark- 
ably in both scientific and lay circles. Scientists, including those at 
the Observatory, have been attracted by the research opportunities 
offered by scientific spacecrait. 

Studies of the earth were the first to benefit from artificial satellites 
as aresearch tool. Scientists at SAO have been leaders in the utiliza- 
tion of satellite data for many such investigations. 

Three major areas of investigation are based on the precise satellite- 
tracking data obtained by the network of Baker-Nunn cameras.’ The 
first is the determination of the density of the earth’s atmosphere 
as a function of position and time. These dependencies, in turn, 
are used in detailed analyses of atmospheric phenomena and their 
correlations with other geophysical and solar phenomena. The second 
important area of investigation is directed initially toward the detailed 
specification of the earth’s gravitational potential. This specifica- 
tion of the geopotential is of basic importance in studies of the interior 
of the earth. The third area is the determination of accurate geo- 
metrical positions of the Baker-Nunn stations relative to one another. 
Knowledge of these positions contributes strongly to an improved 
geometrical figure of the earth. 

Although these three areas of investigation have quite different 
scientific objectives, they are nevertheless intimately related. Hach 
depends on identification and isolation of factors that influence the 
accuracy with which a theoretical orbit may be made to fit the obser- 
vational data. Basically, the analytical process consists of finding 
the values of such parameters as atmospheric density, geopotential 
coefficients, and station coordinates, which optimize the agreement 
between theoretical and observed satellite positions. The effects of 
these factors are interrelated in such a way that scientific progress 


See footnotes on p. 164. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 149 


in each of the three areas is best advanced by an iterative process 
in which refinements of the parameters are accomplished simultane- 
ously or cyclically for a number of satellites. This diverse program 
is under the broad guidance of Dr. Fred L. Whipple, director of the 
Observatory. 

From 5 years of investigation since the first artificial satellite, we 
now know much about the high atmosphere. The past year saw 
Dr. Luigi G. Jacchia’s timely preparation of a survey, “Variations 
in the Harth’s Upper Atmosphere as Revealed by Satellite Drag,” for 
the Reviews of Modern Physics... The comprehensive content of this 
review stands witness to the sensitivity and refinement of the tech- 
niques developed and employed at SAO. 

Analyses by Dr. Jacchia and Jack W. Slowey have established that— 


(1) Both electromagnetic (extreme ultraviolet) and corpuscular radiation 
from the sun contribute to the heating of the upper atmosphere. 

(2) Most of the energy carried by these two forms of radiation is absorbed 
at heights lower than 200 km; the atmosphere above this level is heated by 
conduction from below. 

(3) The greater heating in the sunlit hemisphere gives rise to a permanent 
atmospheric “bulge,” at the center of which the temperature is 40 percent 
higher than it is at the opposite point in the dark hemisphere. Because of 
the earth’s rotation, this bulge travels around the globe at a latitude equal to 
that of the subsolar point; its longitude is the one for which the local time 
is 2 p.m. 

(4) The temperature of the upper atmosphere can be correlated with the 
decimetriec (radio) solar flux, which exhibits variations with characteristic 
eycles of 27 days (caused by the rotation of the sun) and of 11 years (caused 
by the sunspot cycle). The temperature can be computed and instantaneous 
density profiles derived from atmospheric models when the decimetrie solar 
flux is known. 

(5) The atmosphere of the earth is heated and expanded during magnetic 
storms by a factor directly related to the geomagnetic planetary index ap: 

(6) The semiannual effect in upper atmospheric densities is real. This shows 
that the solar wind contributes substantially to atmospheric heating, even during 
quiet periods. 


During the past year larger quantities of precisely reduced tracking 
data, particularly for satellites of quite different inclinations, have 
become available from the Baker-Nunn system. Imre Izsak, Dr. Yo- 
shihide Kozai, and their associates have used these enlarged data in 
new determinations of the coefficients in an expansion of the gravi- 
tational field of the earth in spherical harmonics.* 

Mr. Izsak has given particular attention to determination of coef- 
ficients of higher-order tesseral and sectorial harmonics. The per- 
turbation theory of these effects being well developed, the problem 
actually consists of the construction of extensive computer programs 
that would analyze the large number of observations available. Sev- 


See footnotes on p. 164. 
707-317—_63——-11 


150 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


eral solutions have been obtained for the representation of the field 
of gravity. These solutions are in reasonable agreement with results 
obtained from the analysis of surface gravity data. 

Other analyses of the geopotential are continuing. In Japan Dr. 
Kozai is at present seeking to establish whether the coefficients in the 
expansion of the earth’s potential have seasonal variations. 

Using the representation of the geoid derived by Izsak, Kozai, and 
their colleagues, Chi-Yuen Wang has found a strong correlation 
between the distribution of heat flow and the undulations of the 
geoid.t_ It is reasonable to say at this time that the ups and downs 
of the geoid may indicate cold and hot regions under the crust. 

Two approaches to the determination of more accurate station coor- 
dinates are being pursued at the Observatory. One of these recog- 
nizes that the deviations between values observed from a station 
and values predicted from theoretical calculations depend on errors in 
the presumed station coordinates. Those coordinates that produce 
minimum deviations are adopted as improved coordinates. Mr. Izsak 
and Dr. George Veis are now effecting this procedure simultaneously 
with improvements in the geopotential coefficients.* 

The second approach is purely geometrical. If two stations simul- 
taneously observe a satellite, it is possible to calculate the direction 
cosines of the line joining the stations. During the past year a deter- 
mined effort by the Baker-Nunn stations produced a number of simul- 
taneous observations. Some of these were photographs of the light 
flashes from the ANNA geodetic satellite. Although we do not yet 
have so many simultaneous observations as we would desire, analy- 
sis by Dr. Veis, Jan Rolff, and Antanas Girnius have given reasonable 
values in satisfactory agreement with those of the other approach. 

For computation of datum shifts of large (continental) geodetic 
systems,’ Dr. Walter Kohnlein has developed special ellipsoidal trans- 
formations. These transformations are required to adjust the large 
system so that their relative configurations are in accord with the 
determined station locations. 

For full exploitation of these geodetic capabilities, a more extensive 
network than the 12 Baker-Nunn stations is desirable. An inexpen- 
sive satellite-tracking camera able to photograph many of the brighter 
satellites has been designed and fabricated under the direction of 
Dr. Veis and Robert W. Martin. This prototype camera is in experi- 
mental operation in Athens, Greece. 

Not only the orbit of an artificial satellite but also its motion about 
its center of mass is affected by its environment. A theory developed 
by Dr. Giuseppe Colombo has been confirmed with the observation 


See footnotes on p. 164. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 151 


of the changing in orientation of the spin axis of several satellites. 
The variation of the angular velocity of the satellites has been success- 
fully correlated with the variation of the component of the magnetic 
field normal to the spin axis. 

Dr. Richard H. Giese used optical observations (Baker-Nunn and 
Moonwatch) to develop methods of attitude determination for cylin- 
drical satellites with specular reflection. For diffuse reflecting cylin- 
ders the formula for intensity as a function of arbitrary angles of 
illumination and observation was derived and applied to numerical 
computations for a tumbling cylinder. 

Phenomena in the earth’s high atmosphere are being investigated 
with several tools. As we have seen above, the atmospheric drag on 
satellites has provided a sensitive measurement of density variations 
above about 180 km. This altitude might be lowered if satellites of 
very high density were launched. Dr. Charles Lundquist is examin- 
ing the value of launching an ensemble of spherical satellites, some 
with high densities, as a noninterference experiment on a development 
flight of a large rocket vehicle. 

At altitudes between 80 and 100 km, the Doppler shifts in radar 
returns from meteor trails may be used to measure the velocity and 
direction of winds in the lower ionosphere. A project to make such 
measurements and to study wind relationships? to other ionospheric 
phenomena has been initiated by Dr. Mario Grossi in conjunction 
with the Harvard-SAO Radio Meteor Project.? 

Laboratory studies of atomic collision processes* are being com- 
bined with a study of relevant problems in atmospheric physics in 
the work of Dr. Nathaniel P. Carleton and his associates, Dr. Charles 
H, Dugan, C. Papaliolios, and Miss Marion L. Shaw. The greatest 
effort has been applied to investigation of excitation of metastable 
states in O., N., and O by electron impact, and of the subsequent 
reactions of these metastable states with other gases, including exci- 
tation transfer and actual chemical reaction. Dr. Carleton, in collabo- 
ration with L. R. Megill of the National Bureau of Standards 
Boulder Laboratories, has used recent data on electron collisions to 
study the problem of electron heating by electric fields in the iono- 
sphere. The group is investigating, in particular, which features of 
the airglow and aurora may be caused by electron-impact excitation 
by the heated electrons. They conclude that the red lines of atomic 
oxygen, 6300-6364 A, are almost certainly excited by this means in 
low-latitude auroral forms, but that no other emission in the airglow 
or aurora is so excited. 

The atmospheres and surfaces of other planets are being studied. 
Dr. Carl Sagan has made theoretical studies of the expected limb- 


See footnotes on p. 164. 


152 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


darkening in planetary atmospheres, both at infrared and at micro- 
wave wavelengths, with particular reference to the atmosphere of 
Venus. Preliminary results predict only a moderate microwave limb- 
darkening from expected absorbers in the lower Cytherean atmos- 
phere. The model of the Jovian red spot, which assumes it to be a 
floating object, was examined and shown to be unlikely. 

Dr. Sagan was a coexperimenter on the infrared radiometer of the 
U.S. spacecraft Mariner IT, The experimental results indicated dis- 
tinct limb-darkening in the 10-micron region and no clear breaks in 
the Cytherean cloud layer. Dr. Sagan is also an experimenter for an 
infrared spectrometer designed for a forthcoming Mars fly-by mission. 

Study of the rings of Saturn continues. Dr. Allan F. Cook and 
Dr. Fred Franklin are undertaking a more accurate scattering theory 
for the sunlight illuminating the rmgs and a more accurate solution 
of the Boltzmann equation for the ring particles.® 

A. theoretical investigation of the formation of absorption bands in 
a multiple scattering atmosphere was conducted by Dr. William M. 
Irvine. His investigation of strongly asymmetric multiple scatter- 
ing is continuing, with emphasis on the variation in limb-darkening 
as a function of asymmetry factor and optical depth. 

The existing theories of motion of the major planets are not satis- 
factory from the modern point of view, especially not for the require- 
ments of space travel. Their improvement, however, is hardly 
conceivable without progress in computer technology. Mr. Izsak is 
therefore considering the possibility of using digital computers for 
the construction of analytical perturbation theories. As a first step, 
a very efficient program has been developed for the computation of 
Laplace coefficients and their derivatives. With cooperation from an 
MIT team, a program has been written for the construction of symbolic 
expressions, called the Newcomb operators. At present, a generaliza- 
tion of these results is being investigated, together with their applica- 
tion to the problem of close commensurabilities in celestial mechanics. 

The orbits of the minor planets present problems which Dr. Don A. 
Lautman is considering. An analysis of the distribution of the peri- 
helia of the minor planets has been completed.t| Dr. Lautman and Dr. 
Colombo have examined the small-amplitude librations of a particle 
near the triangular point in the semirestricted three-body problem. 
They are extending this research to an analysis of orbits of minor 
planets whose periods are commensurate with that of Jupiter. 

The origin of the solar system and the production of isotopes in 
protoplanets are the areas Dr. Henri Mitler is studying. A com- 
parison of theoretical results with observations may allow a choice 


See footnotes on p. 164. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 153 


among several possible alternative primitive compositions for a proto- 
Earth. 

Heobiology.—Ultraviolet irradiations of possible simulated primi- 
tive terrestrial environments, which Dr. Sagan performed in coopera- 
tion with Dr. C. Ponnamperuma, exobiology division, Ames Research 
Center, NASA, have produced nucleoside phosphates and other mole- 
cules intimately involved in contemporary terrestrial biological proc- 
esses. Such synthetic reactions had been predicted by Dr. Sagan in 
1957. 

Dr. Sagan made other studies on methods for detection of extrater- 
restrial life and on the frequency of possible advanced extraterrestrial 
life forms. Using Mie theory and a computer program, he is continu- 
ing a critical study of the panspermia hypothesis. 

In an experimental program performed by Dr. Sagan in coopera- 
tion with Dr. Stanley Scher at the University of California Space 
Sciences Laboratory,’ simulated Martian environments have been 
inoculated with a variety of terrestrial soil types and assayed for the 
survival of the contained terrestrial microorganisms. The preliminary 
results indicate that all samples of terrestrial soil tested have a popula- 
tion of microorganisms that can probably survive on Mars. ‘This 
conclusion emphasizes the necessity for rigorous sterilization of Mars- 
impacting space vehicles. 

Lunar science-—The moon is now the object of intense investigation 
by many scientists from all parts of the world. This interest is 
stimulated, of course, by past and forthcoming lunar probes, orbiters, 
softly landed instrumentation packages, and eventual manned 
exploration. 

The Astrophysical Observatory is pursuing several lunar investi- 
gations which are closely related to its other programs and for which, 
therefore, the Observatory is peculiarly well prepared. One such 
topic is the determination of the moon’s gravitational potential from 
analyses of the motion of bodies orbiting it. Attempts by the United 
States to launch lunar orbiters have been unsuccessful to date, but 
will undoubtedly meet eventual success. Dr. Kozai has completed an 
approximate analytical study of the motion of an orbiter. He is pro- 
ceeding with a program for numerically integrating the equations of 
motion. 

Drs. Lautman and Colombo have shown that radiation pressure 
significantly changes the orbit of a “balloon” spacecraft and could 
effect a lunar capture of an initially geocentric orbit. 

The impacts of meteorites on the moon produce craters of all sizes, 
depending upon the size and velocity of the incident body. The size 
distribution of lunar craters has been analyzed by Dr. Gerald S. 


See footnotes on p. 164. 


154 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


Hawkins. The results of this study can be correlated with meteorite 
size and velocity distributions from other investigations. 

Meteoritic science-—The solar system contains much meteoric 
matter. The Observatory applies a vast range of techniques and 
instrumentation in its broad meteoritic research program. Investi- 
gations include the nature of meteoritic matter in the solar system, 
the theory of meteors in the earth’s atmosphere, observation of meteors 
by optical and radar instruments, mineralogical analyses of meteor- 
ites, metallurgical analyses of meteorites, and finally observations of 
artificial bodies simulating meteorites. 

During the past year Dr. Whipple has made new calculations of 
the frequencies of small bodies near the earth and their penetrating 
powers on thin surfaces in space. The measurements made ina NASA 
satellite have confirmed the general order of magnitude of the new 
calculations, which have reduced the meteoritic hazard by some three 
orders of magnitude since early calculations. In these and other 
overall studies of meteoric matter in the solar system, Dr. Whipple 
draws on specific results from the diverse meteoritic investigations 
in which he cooperates as director of the Observatory. 

Dr. Richard B. Southworth has formulated a convenient quantita- 
tive description for the steady-state space distribution of particles 
under the Poynting-Robertson effect. Using this description and 
results from analyses of Comet Arend-Roland, he is studying genera- 
tion of the zodiacal cloud by cometary dust. 

Robert E. Briggs is now extending previous work on the space 
distribution of interplanetary particles to include a study of velocity 
distributions. 

Research into the concentration of micrometeorites in the vicinity 
of the earth continues. The many-pronged effort of Drs. Colombo 
and Lautman consists of: (a) Evaluation of the amount of dust 
placed into orbit around the earth as a result of meteors colliding 
with the moon and ejecting material; (b) gravitational focusing of 
interplanetary particles by the earth, the direct capture of inter- 
planetary particles moving under the influence of the gravitational 
fields of the sun and earth, and the Poynting-Robertson effect; and 
(c) capture of particles by the combined effects of gravity, atmos- 
pheric drag, and radiation pressure. 

When particles from space plunge into the earth’s atmosphere, 
they generate a trail of luminosity and ionization. Several scientists 
of the Observatory continue to work on the physical theory of meteors. 
Theoretical studies are being made by Drs. Cook, Hawkins, Richard 
Ki. McCrosky, and Franco Verniani. Most of these studies are closely 
linked with analyses of observational data. 7 


See footnotes on p. 164. 


SHCRETARY’S REPORT 155 


Dr. Carleton and his associates are conducting laboratory experi- 
ments on ion-molecule and molecule-molecule collisions in the range 
of 200-2,000 ev energy. One application of this work is a calcula- 
tion of the amount of excitation and ionization produced by micro- 
meteorites too small to be observed individually on their entry into 
the atmosphere. In that connection they have considered what limits 
can be set on the rate of influx of such micrometeorites, concluding 
that such effects are negligible. 

Statistical analyses of precisely reduced photographic meteor data 
from Super-Schmidt cameras are being made by Dr. Jacchia, Dr. 
Verniani, and Mr. Briggs. Their aim is to publish the wealth of in- 
formation, obtained through several years of meteor photography 
and painstaking reductions, concerning the interaction between the 
meteor body and the atmosphere. In particular, they can determine 
the mass, luminous efficiency, and tensile strength of a meteor body 
more accurately than has been possible before. 

In study of the spectra of meteors,®> Dr. Cook is working with Dr. 
I. Halliday of the Dominion Observatory, Ottawa, and Dr. P. M. 
Millman of the National Research Council of Canada. Currently a 
quantitative spectral analysis of Perseid spectra is under way. 

Work on daily motion of the radiant of the Quadrantid meteor 
stream was begun. Dr. Frances Wright will continue this project 
until all photographic film on hand has been measured, and the motion 
of the radiant is determined. This study will yield further knowledge 
of the nature of the Quadrantid meteor streams. 

Dr. McCrosky has continued a cooperative research effort with 
Harvard College Observatory, U.S. Air Force? MIT Lincoln Lab- 
oratory,’ and NASA, in which various successful attempts have been 
made to inject into the upper atmosphere, at meteoric velocities, bodies 
of sufficient and known size to reproduce the meteor phenomena. 

This research has led to improved values of the luminous efficiency 
of ablating hypervelocity bodies entering the atmosphere and of the 
masses and densities of meteoroids. 

The Radio Meteor Project * is a joint enterprise of the Smithsonian 
Astrophysical Observatory and Harvard University. The project has 
operated a multistation radar system at Havana, Ill., at a peak trans- 
mitter power of 4 megawatts. Meteors have been detected down to a 
limiting magnitude of +12 on the visual scale. Dr. Hawkins is the 
scientist in charge of this project. 

To determine the atmospheric trajectory of the meteoroid and its 
orbit in interplanetary space, Dr. Hawkins and Dr. Southworth have 
analyzed the radar echoes. Drs. Hawkins and Bertil-Anders Lindblad 
have found that there is a definite difference in the populations of large 


See footnotes on p. 164. 


156 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


and small meteors.? Between magnitudes +6 and +9 the average 
velocity of meteors detected on the radar system has changed by 5 
km sec-?. This is attributed to the smaller orbits shown by the fainter 
meteors. ‘The faint meteors show total fragmentation as they enter 
the upper atmosphere of the earth. In general, each meteor disinte- 
grates into several hundred fragments, which together act as a cloud 
of independent particles. 

The objective of the Photographic Meteorite Recovery Program, 
under the direction of Dr. McCrosky, is to photograph the trails of 
extremely bright meteors so that the corresponding meteorite impacts 
may be determined and a search instigated for the meteorites. In the 
past year the project has completed the design of the station buildings, 
the cameras, and the photoelectric and control systems; selected and 
leased land at 16 sites in the Midwest; selected local station attendants 
and their alternates at each site; completed 16 buildings to the point 
where they are ready to receive cameras and begin operation; as- 
sembled, in Lincoln, Nebr., a team of four field personnel to operate 
the network and to recover freshly fallen meteorites; operated a proto- 
type station at Havana, Ill., for 3 months; and initiated production on 
all major components of the stations. 

The program for measuring radioactivities in material from outer 
space has continued on an expanded scale. In addition to tritium and 
argon radioactivities, Dr. Edward L. Fireman and his associates are 
now measuring carbon-14 and gamma-ray radioactivities from such 
isotopes as aluminum-26, manganese-54, sodium-22, and cobalt. 

During the past year Dr. Fireman and James C. DeFelice have 
measured tritium, argon-37, and argon-39 in several meteorites, includ- 
ing the recently fallen Peace River. The resultant data provide 
comparative information on the production, intensity, and constancy 
of cosmic rays in space during a period of minimal solar activity. 
The absence of argon-39 in the Potter and Estacado meteorites indi- 
cates that they fell more than 1,500 yearsago. The Estacado meteorite 
has been erroneously associated with an 1882 fireball. The argon-39 
and tritium contents of Farmington are similar to those of other 
chondrites, but the aluminum-26 content of Farmington is a factor 
of more than 50 lower than in other chondrites. The content of these 
radioactivities permits the determination of the exposure age from 
radioactive isotopes alone. The cosmic-ray exposure age of the Farm- 
ington meteorite is between 7,000 and 25,000 years. 

Studies of tritium concentrations in the metal phases of stony 
meteorites and in iron meteorites have continued during the past year. 
Dr. Fireman, Dr. David Tilles, and Mr. DeFelice plan further meas- 
urements to test the tentative hypothesis that tritium is lost from 


See footnotes on p. 164. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT / 


kamacite and retained in taenite. Measurements of tritium in the 
Sputnik IV fragment and studies by Dr. Tilles of tritium retention in 
a proton-irradiated target have provided additional data on the reten- 
tion and loss of tritium in iron and steel. 

Dr. Tilles has nearly completed assembling the parts of the high- 
sensitivity mass spectrometer ® for studies of noble gases in meteorites. 
Anticipated research studies with the spectrometer will include meas- 
urements of noble gas abundance and isotopic composition in separated 
phases of meteorites. 

Problems in the mineralogy and petrology of meteorites, with spe- 
cial reference to their temperature-pressure history and age, are being 
considered. In the course of these studies,’? Mrs. Ursula B. Marvin 
discovered zircon, heretofore unknown in meteorites, in the Vaca 
Muerta mesosiderite. The zircon, which is radioactive, is of special 
significance in age determinations of any meteorite where it occurs. 
As part of a long-term project in collaboration with Dr. Fireman, 
Mrs. Marvin has separated mineral concentrates of high purity from 
Indarch, a stony meteorite abnormally rich in xenon and containing 
the rare minerals CaS and MgS. She will study the mineralogy and 
petrology of this meteorite in detail. The radioisotope group will 
make age determinations on the separated fractions and a bulk sample. 

Initiating a program of study of the chemical compositions of micro- 
structures in chondrites, Dr. John A. Wood used the electron micro- 
probe in the University of Chicago Division of Geological Sciences 
as an analytical tool.1 At present, the focus of the study is the grains 
and particles of nickel-iron metal present in chondrites. The composi- 
tions and compositional gradients in these are determined by the 
thermal history of the chondrite containing them. This study should 
hence yield information about the nature and thermal history of the 
planet from which the chondrites were derived. 

Dr. Wood has also made a detailed theoretical study of the prop- 
erties of the most common class of meteorite, the chondrites, in an 
attempt to understand the processes that operated to produce them.!? 
He also studied the thermal history of nickel-iron phases and their 
compositional gradients in iron meteorites. This involved the use 
of a digital computer to solve the diffusion equation of nickel in nickel- 
iron alloys for various postulated cooling rates and thermal histories. 
He found a thermal history that yielded the same nickel diffusion 
profiles observed in iron meteorites. Preliminary results indicate 
that the medium octahedrite iron meteorites originated in a small 
planet, about 200 km in radius; that this object originally accreted 
at a rate of ~0.5 cm per year; and that it originally contained a 
short-lived radionuclide (~100 ppm of Al * or the equivalent), which 


See footnotes on p. 164. 


158 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


in decaying provided the planet with a pulse of high temperature 
followed by rapid cooling. Dr. Wood spent most of the past fiscal year 
at the Enrico Fermi Institute for Nuclear Studies, University of 
Chicago, working with Dr. Edward Anders on meteorite research. 

Dr. F. Behn Riggs, Jr., completed his investigation % of the use of 
an electron probe specially designed to use with very large meteorite 
sections without enclosing the specimen in a vacuum chamber. Sev- 
eral meteorites were studied with this instrument. 

To facilitate interpretation of metallurgical features of meteorites 1* 
Dr. Matthias F. Comerford (in cooperation with Prof. H. H. Uhlig 
of M.I.T.) and Joseph I. Goldstein (in cooperation with Prof. R. E. 
Ogilvie of M.I.T.) are pursuing separate investigations of diffusion 
processes at the interface of two different specimens of nickel-iron 
alloy. The dependence of the interdiffusion coefficients upon both 
temperature and pressure is being measured. Pressures up to 50,000 
atmospheres are being used in these experiments. 

Dr. Wright and Dr. Paul W. Hodge are pursuing a project to 
determine the amount and nature of extraterrestrial particles col- 
lected by the earth. This investigation has been furthered through 
collection, by diverse methods, of particles from a wide variety of 
geographical locations. The collected particles were microscopically 
examined and their chemical and physical properties determined. A 
total of 761 particles of possible extraterrestrial origin have been 
chemically analyzed with electron-probe techniques. The results are 
proving useful in establishing the chemical criteria for cosmic origin. 

Cometary science-—Comets have frequently been investigated by 
Smithsonian Observatory scientists. A basic understanding of their 
composition, structure, and resultant phenomena promises to clarify 
important aspects of the origin of the solar system. The relationship 
of comets to meteor showers and the response of comets to solar 
activity are likewise important topics. 

Currently, Dr. Whipple is directing his attention to the problem 
of the cometary nucleus as evidenced in the brightness and deteriora- 
tion of the periodic comets. Starting from a combination of meteor 
and cometary studies he is performing calculations to ascertain more 
exactly the lifetime of a major comet such as Encke’s, which has 
contributed a great complex of Taurid meteors. He is seeking to 
identify Comet Encke in ancient records in order to determine changes 
in period and brightness levels in the ancient past—perhaps 2,500 
years ago. This research employs studies of photographic meteor 
orbits, theoretical calculations, and cooperation with historians. 

Published photographs of Comet Arend-Roland, examined by Dr. 
Richard B. Southworth, combined with computed particle trajectories, 


See footnotes on p. 164. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 159 


showed that the comet had seven tails. Each consisted of dust ejected 
in accordance with Whipple’s theory describing this process. The 
larger ejected particles collectively contain more mass than the small. 

Using photographs made by the Baker-Nunn cameras, Daniel 
Malaise ** is obtaining measurements of cometary tail activity. This 
inquiry bears on the interaction of the solar wind with the tails of 
comets. 

During the summer of 1962 Dr. Pol Swings reviewed the possibili- 
ties for cometary research provided by the use of rocket vehicles and 
spacecraft. Observations of infrared and ultraviolet frequencies from 
orbiting observatories, measurements from a probe flight near a comet, 
and release of appropriate chemicals from rockets all offer significant 
opportunity for advancing cometary science. 

Dr. Charles A. Whitney and Dr. Lundquist have initiated laboratory 
studies of the properties of ices in vacuum to provide several basic 
parameters for further theoretical descriptions of comets. Prelimi- 
nary theoretical studies of the nature of comets have indicated the 
need for several modifications of existing theories. 

Solar observations —A historic advance in solar observation is the 
United States’ Orbiting Solar Observatory program. To further its 
long-standing record of pioneering solar observations, SAO is playing 
an active role in this program. 

Dr. Giovanni Fazio was a coexperimenter on the first Orbiting Solar 
Observatory, launched in March 1962. The experiment provided the 
first view of a solar flare in the high-energy gamma ray (>100 Mev) 
portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Within the sensitivity of 
the detector, there was no evidence for gamma radiation. Data re- 
duction ** is continuing, and theoretical calculations on the sun’s 
production of gamma rays have been made. 

Dr. Leo Goldberg is directing a Harvard University project ** to 
prepare instrumentation for the second Orbiting Solar Observatory, 
scheduled to be launched during the fall of 1963. The instrument is 
designed both to make scans of the solar spectrum and to obtain mono- 
chromatic solar images in the wavelength range 500-1500 A. Both 
the prototype and the flight models of the satellite instrument have 
been delivered for integration into the spacecraft. A considerable 
number of the routine environmental tests have been passed. 

Design work has already begun on an improved model of the scan- 
ning spectrometer-spectroheliograph, which has been allocated space 
on board the fourth Orbiting Solar Observatory. Design work is 
also proceeding on a spectrometer that will operate in the short wave- 
lengths from 100-600 A.1® 


See footnotes on p. 164. 


160 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


Observations of magnetic fields and velocity fields in the solar 
granulation were carried out by Dr. R. W. Noyes at the McMath Solar 
Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory in Tucson during June 
1963. ‘The data are now being analyzed. 

Dr. Fireman, Dr. Tilles, and Mr. DeFelice have continued measure- 
ments of tritium concentrations in recovered satellites. Such measure- 
ments made during the past year have pertained to a period of relative 
solar quiescence. The apparent upper limit for trapped tritium 
abundance was much lower in 1962 than it was following the No- 
vember 1960 solar flares. The measurements to date suggest that these 
large flares injected tritium into the trapped radiation belts with 
apparent lifetimes of months. This first evidence of direct solar in- 
jection of positive Van Allen particles is under continuing critical 
examination. 

It is clear that particles and electromagnetic radiation from the 
sun produce many such diverse phenomena in the solar system. Their 
interaction with the earth’s atmosphere results in large density varia- 
tions which are manifest in variations of satellite orbits. These 
radiations also influence cometary activity. The interpretation of 
these far-reaching interrelated phenomena is particularly challenging 
because of its very scope. The present period of minimum solar 
activity has many advantages for research on these matters. The 
Observatory is vigorously pursuing these topics, which will be in- 
cluded in the U.S. program for the Year of the Quiet Sun. 

Stellar observations —The Observatory’s astrophysical interests ex- 
tend beyond the investigations of the solar system. Using various 
instruments, SAO acquires and analyzes observational data on stars, 
galaxies, and interstellar matter in all forms. 

Like solar observations, stellar observations stand to benefit greatly 
from the advent of orbiting observatories. The Observatory is privi- 
leged to have responsibility for Project Celescope,?® one of the two 
prime experiments on the first Orbiting Astronomical Observatory. 
Dr. Whipple is project director, and Dr. Robert J. Davis is project 
scientist. Dr. Grossi has supervised electronic aspects of the project. 

The primary goal of Project Celescope is to obtain ultraviolet star 
catalogs in each of four colors between 1,000 and 3,000 A. The wave- 
length range requires that this observing program be carried out above 
the earth’s atmosphere. Four separate telescopes equipped with 
ultraviolet-sensitive television photometers will be used. The present 
phase of the program is concerned primarily with procurement of 
the necessary equipment. The experiment has required the develop- 
ment of the following pioneering instrumentation and techniques: 


See footnotes on p. 164. 


SECRETARY'S REPORT 161 


ultraviolet-sensitive television camera tubes, Schwarzschild telescope 
systems, calibration lamps, a digital television photometric system, and 
automatic identification and cataloging of stars. 

The ultraviolet-sensitive television camera tubes required much 
research and development. The Project has been working for 4 years 
with Westinghouse Research Laboratories to procure these devices. 
Problems solved during the past year include Westinghouse’s develop- 
ment of a new target material that has increased the tube’s sensitivity 
and its suitability asa stellar photometer. Laboratory measurements 
of the spectral response of this tube were made by Dr. Om P. Rustgi. 

The telescope system to be used with Celescope requires the produc- 
tion of strongly aspheric optical surfaces mounted so as to survive the 
mechanical environment of satellite launching, and to be insensitive 
to large variations in temperature. 

For calibration of Celescope equipment in orbit, it was necessary to 
obtain two types of ultraviolet point sources. One, utilizing a low- 
pressure mercury-vapor are, radiates intensely at 2,537 A. The other, 
utilizing a low-pressure xenon arc, radiates intensely at 1,470 A. The 
latter lamp required considerable developmental work in order to meet 
requirements for small size and power consumption, long life, and 
high efficiency. Dr. Rustgi and Clifford Miles have made laboratory 
tests of these sources. 

The requirement to use a television system as a stellar photometer 
posed problems of accuracy, reliability, linearity, and dynamic range 
not encountered in the usual type of television data transmission. The 
system, as developed by Electro-Mechanical Research, Inc., has proved 
able to meet the performance requirements. 

Finally, George Szabo, Mrs. Gail Wald, and Stephen Strom have 
prepared an ultraviolet identification catalog and are preparing tech- 
niques for automatic compilation and publication of the Celescope 
observational material. 

The accurate measurement of the number and direction of high- 
energy gamma rays from the universe is a difficult instrumentation 
problem. The importance of the measurement, however, justifies 
great effort toward its accomplishment. Dr. Fazio has completed a 
theoretical study of the production of gamma rays by cosmic radiation 
in our galaxy. Using the results of these calculations, he is planning 
further gamma-ray astronomy instruments for future orbiting observ- 
atories. A new type of detector for high-energy gamma rays, a mul- 
tiplate spark chamber, is now being developed at the Observatory. 

A program of spectroscopic observations of bright stars, which Dr. 
Whitney initiated at the Agassiz Station of Harvard College Observ- 
atory, will provide data for the theoretical work on the spectra of nor- 
mal stars. Drs. Wright and Hodge have located Population II 


162 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


Cepheids in the Large Magellanic Cloud, in red globular clusters. A 
period-luminosity relation for these Cepheids has been established. 
This research is helpful in determining the extragalactic distance 
scale. 

Six of the Baker-Nunn cameras have been used since 1960 to photo- 
graph flare stars in conjunction with radio-frequency measurements of 
their radio emissions.1 The cooperating radio observatories are Jod- 
rell Bank Experimental Station in England and the Commonwealth 
Scientific and Industrial Research Organization at Sydney, Australia. 
Leonard Solomon devised the photographic procedures used. The 
one major flare observed this year correlates in time with a major burst 
detected in the radio spectrum at Sydney. If these combined obser- 
vations are significantly correlated, as they appear to be, they consti- 
tute the first observations of radio energy from “normal” stellar 
objects. Many minor flares (from previous years) correlate with 
small bursts observed at Jodrell Bank. 

In collaboration with Prof. William Liller of Harvard, Dr. Gold- 
berg has begun an observing program designed to search for evidence 
of cyclic stellar activity similar to that connected with the solar sun- 
spot cycle. They will conduct the search by monitoring the intensities 
of the H and K emission lines of ionized calcium in the spectra of late- 
type stars. They will look for both short-term changes, such as may 
be produced by flares, and long-term cyclic variations. 

A star catalog * of great value to many astronomical enterprises has 
been completed under the direction of Dr. Vies, Mr. Solomon, and Mrs. 
Katherine Haramundanis. Initiated in 1959 under the Satellite 
Tracking Program, the SAO Star Catalog was conceived as the com- 
pilation of a large number of fundamental and differential catalogs 
to cover the sky in a standard coordinate system. The project used 
about 40 catalogs, providing data on approximately a quarter of a 
million stars. Preparation of the Star Catalog involved investigations 
of the details of the coordinate system and derivation of proper mo- 
tions of each catalog. Comparisons of several catalogs were also 
made in sky areas where the catalogs used did not provide adequate 
information, usually for proper motions. The complete catalog is 
stored on magnetic tape, while the publication of a book form is prog- 
ressing. A set of star charts is to be produced from the Catalog in 
Lambert-conformal projection, probably at two different scales. 

Stellar theory.—Theoretical studies of stellar atmospheres ?° con- 
tinued in several directions under Dr. Whitney’s supervision. Ex- 
tensive calculations were performed concerning the structure of stellar 
convection zones and the nature of the perturbations they produce in 
stellar atmospheres. Investigations of the structure of shock fronts in 


See footnotes on p. 164. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 163 


atomic hydrogen have been extended; these represent a considerable 
refinement of the earher work. Dr. Angelo J. Skalafuris and Dr. Wolf- 
gang Kalkofen worked with Dr. Whitney on the latter studies. Dr. 
Owen Gingerich has examined some computational aspects of nongray 
stellar atmosphere models. In this connection, he has investigated 
several new opacity sources. Current work includes the addition of 
electron-scattering and absorption-line profiles to the computer 
program. 

Dr. Max Krook has developed a perturbation-iterative procedure 
for solving the structure equations for nongray stellar atmospheres. 
He and Dr. Eugene H. Avrett have applied this method to a number 
of cases and have found it to converge very rapidly. 

Dr. Noyes has made theoretical investigation of velocity fields in 
the solar atmosphere. The purpose of this work is to explain the recent 
observations of pronounced oscillatory motions in the solar atmos- 
phere. Particular goals are to reproduce the well-determined pe- 
riod of 300 seconds for the oscillation. The relevant equations, includ- 
ing the effects of radiative damping, have been put in a form suitable 
for numerical analysis on an IBM—7090 computer. Preliminary re- 
sults indicate that rapid change in radiative flux into the atmosphere, 
induced by convection in the granulation, does indeed cause oscillatory 
motions of the solar atmosphere with the observed properties. 

In collaboration with Dr. Y. Ohman of the Stockholm Observatory, 
Dr. Goldberg is carrying out a theoretical investigation of the scat- 
tering of the Lyman-c emission line by the high-speed electrons of the 
solar corona. Profiles of the scattering emission line are being cal- 
culated for various assumed models of the corona as a function of dis- 
tance from the center of the solar disk. 

The radiation pressure exerted on a nonstationary gaseous cloud by 
a neighboring exciting star of high temperature has been considered 
by Dr. Y. Hagihara.t. He has employed quantum mechanical tech- 
niques and the assumptions that the atmosphere and the ions in the 
cloud are in systematic and random thermal motions. 

Summary—During the past year we have once more witnessed the 
ever-increasing recognition of astrophysical research as an essential 
component of the scientific needs of the nation. A previously un- 
heard-of situation now exists in which major national programs— 
such as manned lunar exploration in this decade—depend on astro- 
physical information for their successful execution. 

The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory is proud that for 73 
years it has been generating and disseminating such knowledge. We 
also derive satisfaction from our realization that the research pro- 


See footnotes on p. 164. 


164 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


grams of the Observatory have grown and continue to grow as the 
appropriate Smithsonian Institution response to these requirements. 


OTHER ACTIVITIES 


On June 11, in ceremonies at the White House, Dr. Whipple re- 
ceived the President’s Award for Distinguished Federal Civil Service. 

Dr. Whipple and Drs. Fireman, Wood, and Tilles attended the 
Gordon Research Conference at Tilton, N.H., in July 1962. 

In August Dr. Avrett participated in the Third Colloquium on 
the Theory of Stellar Atmospheres, sponsored by Commission 36 of 
the International Astronomical Union, at Hailsham, England. 

Dr. Colombo presented a paper at the Symposium on Gyrody- 
namics, sponsored by the TUTAM, at Celerina, Switzerland. 

In September Dr. Lundquist presented a paper at the 18th Inter- 
national Astronautical Conference at Varna, Bulgaria. 


1 Supported by grant NsG 87/60 from the National Aeronautics and Space Adminis- 
tration. 

2 Supported by contract 19(628)—3248 with the U.S. Air Force. 

3 Supported by grants G20135 and GP388 from the National Science Foundation to 
Harvard University and by grant NASr—158 from the National Aeronautics and Space Ad- 
ministration to Harvard University. 

“ Supported by contract 19(628)—2949 with the U.S. Air Force. 

5 Supported by contract AF19(604)5196 between the U.S. Air Force and Harvard 
University. 

6 Supported by grant number NsG 126/61 from the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration to the University of California. 

7 Supported by contract AF19(604) 7400 sub 234 between Harvard University and MIT 
Lincoln Laboratory. 

8 Supported by grant NsG 291-62 from the National Aeronautics and Space Adminis- 
tration. 

® Supported by grant NsF 16067 from the National Science Foundation. 

10 Supported in part by grant NsG 282-63 from the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration to Dr. Clifford Frondel of Harvard University. 

1 Supported by grant G 14298 from the National Science Foundation to the University 
of Chicago. 

22 Supported by contract AT (11-1) 382 between the Atomic Energy Commission and the 
Enrico Fermi Institute for Nuclear Studies, University of Chicago. 

13 Supported by contract AF18 (600)—1596 with the U.S. Air Force. 

14 Research supported by grant G2777 from the National Science Foundation to the 
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 

1 Research sponsored by fellowships from NASA, Fonds National de la Recherche Scien- 
tifique, Belgium, and Huropean Preparatory Commission for Space Research. 

16 Supported by grant NAS5-3255 from the National Aeronautics and Space Adminis- 
tration. 

1 Supported by contract NASw184 between the National Aeronautics and Space Adminis- 
tration and Harvard University. 

18 Supported by grant NsG—488 from the National Aeronautics and Space Administra- 
tion to Harvard University. 

19 Supported by contract NAS5—1535 with the National Aeronautics and Space Adminis- 
tration. 

20 Research supported by grants G—16339 and GP940 from the National Science Founda- 
tion. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 165 


Dr. Carleton presented a paper at the annual Gaseous Electronics 
Conference at Boulder, Colo., in October. 

Dr. Fazio presented a paper at the 1962 International Symposium 
on Space Phenomena and Measurements in Detroit. 

In November Dr. Fireman presented a paper at the Radioactive 
Dating Symposium in Athens, Greece. In December he attended 
the American Association for the Advancement of Science meeting 
in Philadelphia. 

Dr. Tilles, Mrs. Marvin, and Mr. Slowey presented papers at the 
American Geophysical Union meeting at Stanford University, Palo 
Alto, Calif., in December. 

In January Dr. Whipple delivered a lecture at the Ninth Annual 
Astronautical Society Meeting in Los Angeles. He also attended 
ceremonies at the Goddard Space Flight Center commemorating the 
fifth anniversary of international tracking of space vehicles. 

Drs. Carleton, Lundquist, and Mitler attended the meeting of the 
American Physical Society in New York. 

Drs. Lundquist, Fazio, and Jacchia attended the Goddard Scientific 
Symposium on Satellites in Washington, D.C. Dr. Fazio presented 
a paper at this meeting. 

In April, Dr. Whipple took part in the Institute of Space Studies 
Symposium on the Origin and Evolution of Atmospheres and Oceans, 
held in New York City. He also presented a paper at the UGI meet- 
ing in Washington. 

Drs. Carleton, Fazio, Fireman, Jacchia, Tilles, and Whipple at- 
tended the American Geophysical Union meeting in Washington. 

Drs. Whipple, Jacchia, and Sagan presented papers at the COSPAR 
meeting in Warsaw, Poland, in June. Dr. Sagan also attended the 
12th International Astrophysical Colloquium in Liége, Belgium. 


BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT 


In October 1962 and June 1963 several divisions of the Observatory, 
including those occupying space belonging to the IBM Corp. and to 
the Harvard University Press, moved to a building on Alewife Brook 
Parkway, about a mile from Observatory headquarters at the Har- 
vard College Observatory. This move places all personnel in only 
two locations, between which mail- and passenger-shuttle operates on 
a regular schedule. 

Also in October 1962 the IBM-—7090 computer was taken over by, 
and moved to, the Harvard Computing Laboratory, from which the 
Observatory rents needed time. 

707-317—63——12 


166 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


PUBLICATIONS 


The following papers by staff members of the Astrophysical Obser- 
vatory appeared in various journals. 


AvRETT, E. H., AND Kroox, M. The temperature distribution in a stellar atmos- 
phere. Astrophys. Journ., vol. 137, pp. 874-881, 1963. 

A rapidly convergent iterative procedure for the calculation of the 
temperature-pressure relation in a stellar atmosphere. Journ. Quant. 
Spectrose. Radiat. Transfer, vol. 3, pp. 107-113, 1963. 

AvrettT, ©. H., anp Lorsrer, R. A simple and accurate method for the evaluation 
of the Milne integrals. Journ. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, vol. 3, pp. 
201-209, 1968. 

Bits, D. G.; CARLETON, N. P.; AND OLDENBERG, O. The half-life of the meta- 
stable level A*® of the nitrogen molecule. Jn Advances in Molecular Spec- 
troscopy, pp. 197-200, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1962. 

Brices, R. H. Steady-state space distribution of meteoric particles under the 
operation of the Poynting-Robertson effect. Astron. Journ., vol. 67, No. 10, 
1962. 

CaRLETON, N. P. The relation of the recent atmospheric dust measurements of 
Volz and Goody to the problem of meteoric influx. Journ. Atmos. Sci., vol. 19, 
pp. 424-426, 1962. 

See also Bills, Carleton, and Oldenbersg. 

CARLETON, N. P., AND Mecitt, L. R. WHlectron energy distribution in slightly 
ionized air under the influence of electric and magnetic fields. Phys. Rev., 
vol. 126, pp. 2089-2099, 1962. 

CARLETON, N.P., AND OLDENBERG, O. Lifetime of the lowest excited level of N. 
Journ. Chem. Phys., vol. 36, pp. 3460-3463, 1962. 

CARLETON, N. P., AND PAPLIOLIOS, C. Measured variation on the electronic transi- 
tion moment of the Vegard-Kaplan bands in Ne Journ. Quant. Spectrosc. 
Radiat. Transfer, vol. 2, pp. 241-244, 1962. 

Cotomso, G. The magnetic torque acting on artificial satellites. In Proceedings 
of Conference on Gyrodynamics, I.U.T.A.M., Celerina, 1963. 

See also Shapiro, Lautman, and Colombo. 

CoLtomsz0, G., AND LAUTMAN, D. A. On some singular orbits of an Harth-Moon 
satellite with a high-area mass ratio (abstract). Astron. Journ., vol. 67, p. 
573, 1962. 

Cotomso, G.; LAuTMAN, D. A.; AND Munrorp, C. On the libration orbits of 
a particle near the triangular points on the semirestricted three-body 
problem (abstract). Astron. Journ., vol. 68, pp. 159-162, 1963. 

Coox, A. F. A proposed criterion for the mode of ablation of stone meteors. 
Smithsonian Contr. Astrophys., vol. 4, pp. 131-136, 1963. 

Coox, A. F.; Jaccuis, L. G,; AND McCrosxy, R. EH. Luminous efficiency of iron 
and stone meteors. Smithsonian Contr. Astrophys., vol. 7, pp. 209-220, 
1963. 

DrFetice, J. See Tilles, Fireman, and DeFelice; Fireman, Fazio, and De- 
Felice; Fireman, DeFelice, and Tilles. 

DutHIg, J. G.; Harner, B. M.; Kapton, M. F.; AND Fazio, G. G. Gamma rays 
at high altitude. Phys. Rev. Letters, vol. 10, p. 364, 1963. 

DurtHIE, J. G.; Harner, E. M.; Kapion, M. F.; Fazio, G. G.; AND SAvEDOFF, M. P. 
Primary y-rays (abstract). Amer. Phys. Soc., series II, vol. 8, p. 7, 1963. 


SECRETARY'S REPORT 167 


Fazio, G. G.; Cook, C. J.; AND Harner, E. M. High energy gamma ray astron- 
omy. IHEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, vol. NS-10, pp. 10-14, 1963. 
Search for high-energy gamma-rays from the sun (abstract). Trans. 

Amer. Geophys. Union, vol. 44, p. 83, 1963. 

Fazio, G. G. See also Fireman, Fazio, and DeFelice; Duthie, Hafner, Kaplon, 
and Fazio; Duthie, Hafner, Kaplon, Fazio, and Savedoff; Melissinos, Yaman- 
ouchi, Fazio, Lindenbaum, and Yuan. 

FIREMAN, H. L. Density of the solar flare plasma. Journ. Geophys. Res. vol. 
67, p. 4890, 1962. 

Tritium in meteorites and in recovered satellite material, Jn Tritium 

in the Physical and Biological Sciences, vol. 1, p. 69, IAEA, Vienna, 1962. 

See also Tilles, Fireman, and DeFelice. 

FIREMAN, H. L.; Fazio, G. G.; AND DEFEIIcE, J. Argon 39, tritium, and alumi- 
num 26 in the Farmington meteorite and its discordant exposure ages (ab- 
stract). Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, vol. 44, p. 83, 1963. 

FIREMAN, H. L.; DEFE ice, J.; AND TiLtLEs, D. Tritium and radioactive argon 
and xenon in meteorites and in recovered satellites, Jn Radioactive Dating, 
vol. 1, p. 88, HAHA, Athens, 1963. 

GigsE, R. H. Light scattering by small particles and models of interplanetary 
matter derived from the zcdiacal light. Space Sci. Rev., vol. 1, pp. 589-611, 
1962. 

GINGERICH, O., AND STAHLMAN, W. Planetary longitudes for years —2500 to 
+2000. Univ. Wisconsin Press, 1962. 

GINGERICH, O. Krook’s iterative procedure for the temperature distribution 
in model stellar atmospheres (abstract). Astron. Journ., vol. 67, p. 272, 1962. 

A spiral galaxy of astronomers. Sky and Tel., vol. 25, p. 182, 1968. 

Gotppere, L. Stellar and interstellar observations. Jn Space Age Astronomy, 
pp. 208-212, Academic Press, New York, 1962. 

The sun. Jn Hugh Odishaw, ed., The Challenges of Space, pp. 129-142, 

University of Chicago Press, 1962. 

The physics of the sun, its nature, structure and emission properties. 

In Donald P. Legalley, ed., Space Science, pp. 88-112, John Wiley & Sons, 

Ine., 19638. 

Means of observations. Jn Thornton Page, ed., Stars and Galaxies, 

pp. 14-42, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1962. 

The abundance of He*® in the sun. Astrophys. Journ., vol. 1386, No. 3, 


1962. 

GoLpsTEIN, J. I. Hlectron microanalysis of metallic meteorites. S.M. thesis, 
MIT, Cambridge, Mass., 1962. 

Hawkins, G. S. Radar determination of meteor orbits. Astron. Journ., vol. 
67, p. 241, 1962. 

A study of tektites. NASA Research Report No. 14, 1962. 

New theory of the universe. Science Digest, p. 40, 1962. 

A study of tektites. Journ. Geophys. Res., vol. 68, p. 895, 1963. 

Impacts on the Earth and Moon. Nature, vol. 197, p. 781, 1963. 

. The initial diameter of meteor trails. Smithsonian Contr. Astrophys., 

vol. 7, p. 23, 1963. 

The Harvard Radio Meteor Project. Smithsonian Contr. Astrophys., 

vol. 7, p. 53, 1963. 

See also Southworth and Hawkins. 

Hawkins, G. S., AND Lazarus, D. M. Meteor ionization and the mass of 
meteoroids. Smithsonian Contr. Astrophys., vol. 7, p. 221, 1963. 


I | 


168 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


HEMBREE, R. V.; LUNDQUIST, C. A.; AND THOMPSON, A. W. Scientific results 
from Juno-launched spacecraft. Jn E. Stuhlinger, F. I. Ordway III, J. C. 
McCall, G. C. Bucher, ed., Astronautical Hngineering and Science, p. 281, 
McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1968. 

Hopce, P. W., AND WRIGHT, F. W. The space density of atmospheric dust in the 
altitude range 50,000 to 90,000 feet. Smithsonian Contr. Astrophys., vol. 5, 
p. 231, 1962. 

Hopes, P. W. See also Wright and Hodge. 

Izsak, I. G. The odd harmonie effect in the motion of the satellites 1960 Beta 2 
and 1960 Iota 2. Proc. of the First International Symposium on the Use of 
Artificial Satellites for Geodesy, p. 329, North-Holland Publ., Amsterdam, 
1968. 

On the critical inclination in satellite theory. Proc. of the First Inter- 
national Symposium on the Use of Artificial Satellites for Geodesy, p. 117, 
North-Holland Publ., Amsterdam, 1963. 

JAccHTA, L. G. Comment on paper by D. G. Parkyn. Satellite 1958 62 Data 
Analysis. Journ. Geophys. Res., vol. 67, p. 2989, 1962. 

The determination of atmospheric drag on artificial satellites. Dy- 

namics of Satellites, IUTAM Symposium, Paris, pp. 1386-142, Springer-Ver- 

lag, Berlin, 1963. 

Electromagnetic and corpuscular heating of the upper atmosphere. 

Space Research III, North-Holland Publ., Amsterdam, 1963. 

Meteors, meteorites and comets; interrelations. In G. Kuiper and B. 

Middlehurst, ed., The Solar System, vol. 4, p. 774, University of Chicago 

Press, 1963. 

Satellite studies of the upper atmosphere. Trans. Amer. Geophys. 

Union, vol. 44, p. 486, 1963. 

See also Cook, Jacchia, and McCrosky. 

KaLkKoren, W. Relaxation of shock-heated hydrogen. Dissertation, Harvard 
University, 1963. 

Kozat, Y. Mean values of cosine function in an elliptic motion. Astron. 
Journ., vol. 67, p. 311, 1962. 

Second-order solution of artificial satellite theory without airdrag. 

Astron. Journ., vol. 67, p. 446, 1962. 

Secular perturbations of asteroids with high inclination and eccen- 

tricity. Astron. Journ., vol. 67, pp. 591-598, 1962. 

Numerical results on the gravitational potential of the earth. Proc. 

of the First International Symposium on the Use of Artificial Satellites for 

Geodesy, p. 805, North-Holland Publ., Amsterdam, 19638. 

Potential of the earth derived from satellites motion. In M. Roy, 
ed., Dynamics of Satellites, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1963. 

Kroox, M. A perturbation method for non-gray stellar atmospheres. Astro- 
phys. Journ., vol. 137, p. 863, 1963. 

See also Avrett and Krook. 

LAUTMAN, D. A. On the distribution of the perihelia of the asteroids (abstract). 
AAS, 1963. 

See also Shapiro, Lautman, and Colombo; Colombo and Lautman; 
Columbo, Lautman, and Munford. 

Logeser, R. See Avrett and Loeser. 

LovELL, B.; WHIPPLE, F. L.; AND SoLoMON, L. Radio emission from flare stars. 
Nature, vol. 198, pp. 228-230, 1963. 


SECRETARY'S REPORT __ 169 


Lunpquist, C. A.; NAUMANN, R. J.; AND WEBER, A. H. Directional flux densities 
and mirror point distributions of trapped particles from satellite 1958 
Epsilon measurements. Journ. Geophys. Res., vol. 67, p. 4125, 1962. 

Lunpa@uist, C. A. See also Hembree, Lundquist, and Thompson. 

Marvin, U. B. Cristobalite in the carbo iron meteorite. Nature, vol. 196, pp. 
634-635, 1962. 

McCrosxky, R. H., AND SOBERMAN, R. K. Research Note AFCRL-62-803, 1962. 

Results from an artificial iron meteoroid at 10 km/sec. Smithsonian 
Contr. Astrophys., vol. 7, p. 199, 1963. 

McCrosky, R. H. See also Cook, Jacchia, and McCrosky. 

Metissinos, A. C.; YAMANOUCHI, T.; Fazio, G. G.; LInpENBAUM, S. J.; AND 
Yuan, L. C. L. w-meson production in 2.9 Bev. p-p collisions. Phys. Rev., 
vol. 128, pp. 2373-2381, 1962. 

Munrorp, C. See also Colombo, Lautman, and Munford. 

Nigam, R. C. Secular decrease in the inclination of artificial satellites. AIAA 
Journ., p. 1455, June, 19638. 

PApuioLios, C. See also Carleton and Papliolios. 

PONNAMPERUMA, C.; MARINER, R.; AND Sacan, C. Formation of adenosine by 
ultraviolet irradiation of a solution of adeneine and ribose. Nature, vol. 198, 
p. 1199, 1963. 

PONNAMPERUMA, C.; SAGAN, C.; AND MARINER, R. Ultraviolet synthesis of ade- 
nosine triphosphate under simulated primitive earth conditions. Nature, 
vol. 199, pp. 222-226, 1963. 

Riees, B. F., JR. Construction of a small valve for high vacuum. Rev. Sci. 
Instr., vol. 33, p. 1114, 1962. 

Simple aid to pulse-height selection with scanning X-ray spectrometers. 

Rey. Sci. Instr., vol. 34, p. 312, 1963. 

New design for a gas-flow proportional counter. Rev. Sci. Instr., vol. 

34, pp. 392-395, 1963. 

Preparation of bent-crystals for monochromatizing X-rays. Rev. Sci. 
Instr., vol. 33, p. 875, 1962. 

Sacan, C. Liége collog. highlights planetary physics (meeting review). Astro- 
nautics, October, p. 78, 1962. 

Direct contact among galactic civilizations by relativistic interstellar 

spaceflight. Planetary and Space Sci., vol. 11, p. 485, 1963. 

On the nature of the Jovian red spot. In Proc. 11th International 

Astrophysical Colloq., Liége, p. 506, 1963. 

Life beyond the earth, Voice of America Forum Lectures. Space Sci. 

Series, 1963. 

Venus. Int. Sci. and Tech. No. 15, March, pp. 86-94, 1963. 

Prospects for lunar organic matter. Jn Proc. Conf. on Lunar Explor- 
ation, Virginia Polytechnic Inst., ch. 17, 1963. 

Saa@an, C., AND KeLioge, W. W. Atmospherii Marsa i Veneri. Russian trans- 
lation by V. I. Moroz of NAS-NRC Publication No. 944, 1961. Published 
1962. 


See also Ponnamperuma, Mariner, and Sagan; Ponnamperuma, Sagan, 
and Mariner. 

SKALAFuRIS, A. J. Stability and structure of stellar shocks. Dissertation, 
Brandeis University, Waltham, 1963. 

SHapiro, I. I.; Lautman, D. A.; anp Cotomzo, G. Capture of cosmic dust 
into circumterrestrial orbits. Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, vol. 44, p. 71, 
19638. 


170 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


Sotomon, L. See Lovell, Whipple, and Solomon. 

SoutHwortH, R. B. Theoretical Fresnel patterns of radio meteors. Presented 
at fall URSI meeting, Ottawa, 1962. 

Deceleration of radio meteors (abstract). Astron. Journ., vol. 67, 

p. 288, 1962. 

Dust in Comet Arend-Roland. Astron. Journ., vol. 68, p. 298, 1963. 

Dynamical evolution of the Perseids and Orionids. Smithsonian Contr. 

Astrophys., vol. 7, p. 299, 1963. 

On S. H. Dole’s paper, The gravitational concentration of particles 
in space near the Earth. Planetary and Space Sci., vol. 11, p. 499, 1963. 

SoutHwortH, R. B., AND HAwxins, G. 8S. Statistics of meteor streams. Smith- 
sonian Contr. Astrophys., vol. 7, 261, 1963. 

Srrom, S. E. Variations in the law of interstellar reddening. Astron. Journ., 
vol. 68, p. 80, 1963. 

TILLES, D. Room temperature diffusion constant for hydrogen in proton-irradi- 
ated steel. Nature, vol. 194, p. 1273, 1962. 

Silicon isotopes in pegmatites and igneous rocks (abstract). Journ. 

Geophys. Res., vol. 67, p. 1659, 1962. 

Sputnik IV Symposium (review). Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, vol. 

44, p. 148, 1963. 

See also Fireman, DeFelice, and Tilles. 

TILLes, D.; FIREMAN, H. L.; AND DEFEtIcgr, J. Tritium in Discoverer satellites. 
Journ. Geophys. Res., vol. 67, p. 1660, 1962. 

Radioactivities in the metallic phase of the Harleton meteorite. Journ. 

Geophys. Res., vol. 67, p. 8604, 1962. 

H® and A™ in a fragment of Sputnik IV. Trans. Amer. Geophys. 

Union, vol. 43, p. 457, 1962. 

A search for the geomagnetically trapped tritium in satellite material 
flown June to September 1962. Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, vol. 44, p. 
90, 1963. 

Wuirpir, F. L. Dust and meteorites. Astronautics, vol. 7, pp. 40-42, 1962. 

Meteoritic erosion in space (abstract). Astron. Journ., vol. 67, pp. 285— 

286, 1962. 

Meteoritic erosion in space. Smithsonian Contr. Astrophys., vol. 7, pp. 

239-248, 1963. 

On the structure of the cometary nucleus. Jn G. P. Kuiper, ed., The 

Solar System, vol. IV, ch. 15, pp. 639-662, University of Chicago Press, 

1963. 


See also Lovell, Whipple, and Solomon. 

Wuitney, C. A. Theoretical aspects of the W Virginis phenomena. Astron. 
Journ., vol. 67, p. 286, 1962. 

The duration of line-splitting in W Virginis. Astrophys. Journ., vol. 

136, p. 674, 1962. 

The filtering of spectrophotometric noise. Astrophys. Journ., vol. 137, 
pp. 527-531, 1963. 

Woop, J. A. Meteorites; physics and chemistry. Jn G. P. Kuiper, and B. M. 
Middlehurst, ed., The Solar System, vol. 4, ch. 12, University of Chicago 
Press, 1963. 

Wricut, F. W., AnD Hoper, P. W. Space density of dust in the stratosphere. 
Nature, vol. 195, p. 269, 1962. 

See also Hodge and Wright. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 171 


The Special Reports of the Astrophysical Observatory distribute 
catalogs of satellite observations, orbital data, and preliminary results 
of data analysis prior to journal publication. Numbers 99 through 126, 
issued during the year, contain the following material: 


No. 99, July 16, 1962. 


Chemical analysis of 648 particles collected by high-altitude aircraft and 
balloons, by F. B. Riggs, Jr., F. W. Wright, and P. W. Hodge. 


. 190, July 30, 1962. 


Accurate drag determinations for eight artificial satellites; atmospheric 
densities and temperatures, by L. G. Jacchia and J. Slowey. 


. 101, July 31, 1962. 


Numerical results from orbits, by Y. Kozai. 


. 102 (P-5), August 27, 1962. 


Catalog of precisely reduced observations: Satellite 1959 al for the entire 
year 1960, prepared by J. MacDonald, K. Haramundanis, et al. 


. 108, August 28, 1962. 


Satellite orbital data: Satellite 1959 Eta (Vanguard III), Sept. 1, 1960— 
Dec. 31, 1961, and Satellite 1960 «1 (Hcho I), Jan. 1—-Dee. 31, 1961, by B. 
Miller, compiled by I. G. Izsak. 


. 104 (P-6), September 10, 1962. 


Catalog of precisely reduced observations: Satellite 1961 61 from launch 
Feb. 16—June 30, 1961, prepared by J. MacDonald et al. 


. 105, September 28, 1962. 


The trajectory of tektites, by G. S. Hawkins and S. K. Rosenthal. 


. 106 (P-7), November 1, 1962. 


Catalog of precisely reduced observations: Satellite 1959 al from Jan. 1- 
June 30, 1961; Satellite 1959 71 from Jan. 1-June 30, 1961, prepared by 
P. Stern. 


. 107, November 9, 1962. 


On some singular orbits of an earth-moon satellite with a high area-mass 
ratio, by G. Colombo and D. A. Lautman. 


. 108, November 20, 1962. 


On the libration orbits of a particle near the triangular point in the semi- 
restricted three-body problem, by G. Colombo, D. A. Lautman, and 
C. Munford. 


. 109, December 21, 1962. 


Re-entry and recovery of fragments of satellite 1960 «1, by C. A. Lundquist, 
R. C. Vanderburgh, W. A. Munn, D. Tilles, H. L. Fireman, and J. DeFelice. 


. 110, December 14, 1962. 


Project Celescope, an astrophysical reconnaissance satellite, edited by R. J. 
Davis. 


. 111, December 15, 1962. 


Possible contributions of space experiments to cometary physics, by P. 
Swings. 


. 112, January 21, 1963. 


On the secular decrease in the inclination of artificial satellites, by R. C. 
Nigam. 


172 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


No. 


No. 


No. 


No. 


No. 


No. 


113, January 23, 1963. 

Satellite orbital data: Satellite 1958 Alpha, Apr. 1—July 1, 1962, by B. Miller; 
Satellite 1959 al, Mar. 31—June 30, 1962, by M. Gutierrez; Satellite 1959 
Eta, Mar. 31-June 30, 1962, by M. Hall; Satellite 1959 11, Mar. 31-June 30, 
1962, by M. Gutierrez; Satellite 1960 £1, Apr. 1—July 1, 1962, by M. Hall; 
Satellite 1961 61, Mar. 31—June 30, 1962, J. Weingarten, compiled by I. G. 
Izsak. 


. 114 (C-31), January 28, 1963. 


Catalogue of satellite observations: Satellites 1958 Alpha, 1959 a1, 1959 Eta, 
and 1959 «1 for Jan. 1-June 30, 1962, prepared by B. Miller. 


. 115 (C-32), January 29, 1963. 


Catalogue of satellite observations: Satellites 1960 11, 1960 12, and 1960 £1, for 
Jan. 1—June 30, 1962, prepared by B. Miller. 


. 116 (C-33), January 30, 1968. 


Catalogue of satellite observations: Satellites 1961 51, 1961 01, and 1961 o2, 
for Jan. 1—June 30, 1962; Satellite 1961 71, Jan. 1-Sept. 19, 1962; Satellite 
1962 ¢1, Mar. 7, 1962; Satellite 1962 11, Apr. 8-May 16, 1962; Satellite 
1962 1.2, Apr. 8-May 4, 1962; Satellite 1962 y2, May 4-17, 1962; Satellite 
1962 01, Apr. 28-May 20, 1962; Satellite 1962 02, Apr. 28-May 4, 1962; 
Satellite 1962 aal, June 20—-Aug. 8, 1962, prepared by B. Miller. 

117, February 11, 1963. 

Satellite orbital data: Satellite 1958 Alpha, Jan. 1—Apr. 1, 1962, by B. Miller; 
Satellite 1959 «1, Aug. 1, 1961—-Mar. 31, 1962, by M. Gutierrez; Satellite 
1959 Eta, Jan. 1—-Apr. 1, 1962, by M. Hall; Satellite 1959 1, Jan. 1—Apr. 1, 
1962, by B. Miller; Satellite 1960 11, Jan. 1—-Apr. 30, 1962; Satellite 1960 
1, Jan. 1-Apr. 1, 1962, by M. Hall; Satellite 1961 61, Jan. 1—Mar. 31, 1962, 
by J. Weingarten ; compiled by I. G. Izsak. 


. 118 (P-8), February 14, 1963. 


Catalog of precisely reduced observations: Satellites 1959 a1, 1959 Hta and 
1960 12, July 1-Dec. 31, 1961, compiled by P. Stern. 


.119 (E-2), March 15, 1963. 


Satellite orbital data: Satellite 1959 «1, Jan. 1, 1960—Dec. 31, 1961; Satellite 
1959 a2, Apr. 6-Aug. 26, 1960; Satellite 1959 Eta, Jan. 1, 1960-Dec. 31, 
1961 ; Satellite 1960 .2, Mar. 14-Dec. 31, 1961; Satellite 1961 51, Feb. 18—Dec. 
31, 1961, by P. Stern ; compiled by I. G. Izsak. 

120, March 18, 1963. 

Satellite orbital data: Satellite 1958 Alpha, July 1-Sept. 30, 1962, by B. 
Miller; Satellites 1959 «1, 1959 Eta, and 1959 11, July 1-Sept. 30, 1962, 
by M. Gutierrez; Satellites 1960 £1 and 1961 61, July 1-Sept. 30, 1962, by 
J. Weingarten; Satellite 1960 11, May 1-Sept. 30, 1962; compiled by I. G. 
Izsak. 

121, April 1, 1963. 

Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory program writeup (SCROGE), by 
J. R. Cherniack and E. M. Gaposchkin. 

122, April 2, 1963. 

Combinations of least-squares approximations in the case of correlated 
variables, by P. L. Kadakia. 


. 123, April 30, 1968. 


Precise aspects of terrestrial and celestial reference frames, by G. Veis. 

124, May 27, 1963. 

Notes on the design and operation of satellite tracking stations for geodetic 
purposes, by the staff of the Smithsonian Institution Astrophysical 
Observatory. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 173 


No. 125, May 28, 1963. 

An analysis of the atmospheric drag of the Hxployer IX satellite from 
precisely reduced photographic observations, by L. G. Jacchia and J. 
Slowey. 

No. 126, June 24, 1963. 

Satellite orbital data: Satellite 1958 a, Oct. 1-Dec. 31, 1962, by B. Miller; 
Satellites 1959 a1, 1959 y and 1959 11, Oct. 1-Dec. 31, 1962, by M. Gutierrez; 
Satellite 1960 y2, Apr. 13-May 30, 1960; Sept. 29-Oct. 23, 1962, by R. C. 
Nigam ; Satellites 1960 c1, £1 and 1961 61, Oct. 1—-Dee. 31, 1962, by J. Wein- 
garten; Satellite 1962 ael, July 10—Dec. 31, 1962, by M. Gutierrez; Satel- 
lites 1962 BA1, Oct. 27—-Dec. 20, 1962 and 1960 Bul, Oct. 31—-Dee. 31, 1962, 
by J. Weingarten ; compiled by I. G. Izsak. 


STAFF CHANGES 


On July 22, 1962, Dr. Charles A. Lundquist joined the Observatory 
as assistant director for science. Other scientists who joined the staff 
during the year are physicists Dr. Eugene Avrett, Dr. Nathaniel P. 
Carleton, Dr. Charles Dugan, Dr. Giovanni G. Fazio, Dr. Owen 
Gingerich, Dr. William M. Irvine, Dr. Robert W. Noyes, Dr. Carl E. 
Sagan, Dr. Franco Verniani, and Chi-Yuen Wang; astronomer Dr. 
Gerald S. Hawkins; metallurgists Dr. Matthias Comerford and Joseph 
Goldstein; geodesist Dr. Walter K6hnlein; and Daniel Malaise, 
NASA-COPERS fellow. Jack Coffey was appointed personnel di- 
rector, and Marc Malec was named contract specialist. 

Resignations during the year included those of Thomas Noonan, 
Dr. F. Behn Riggs, and Dr. Om P. Rustgi, physicists; G. Nielson, 
administrative officer, Satellite Tracking Program; Dr. Pedro 
Zadunaisky and Rajendra C. Nigam, astronomers. 

Consultants at the Observatory during the year were Dr. Gustav 
Bakos, Dr. Richard Giese, Dr. Yusuke Hagihara, Dr. Yoshihide 
Kozai, Dr. Otto Struve, Dr. Pol Swings, Dr. H. C. Van de Hulst, and 
Dr. George Veis. 

On June 30, 1963, the Observatory employed 835 persons. 


DIVISION OF RADIATION AND ORGANISMS 


Prepared by W. H. Krern, Chief of the Division 


The research program of the Division is concerned with the effects 
of solar and ionizing radiation on biological systems, with emphasis 
on developing systematic concepts of the metabolic mechanisms and 
responses of living organisms as influenced and regulated by radia- 
tion. Areas of concentrated effort include problems relating to the 
regulation of metabolism by radiation, the determination of structure 
and function of macromolecules involved in energy storage, the meas- 
urement of seasonal changes in spectral distribution of total] sky radia- 
tion and the correlation of these changes with plant responses. 


174 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


Plastids of flowering plants grown in the dark are converted to 
functional chloroplasts in the light. The antibiotic chloramphenicol 
partially inhibits light-dependent synthesis of whole leaf and chloro- 
plast protein, and chloroplasts from chloramphenicol-treated leaves 
lack the ability to catalyze light-dependent formation of TPNH 
(reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide) and ATP (adenosine tri- 
phosphate) which are needed for photosynthetic carbon dioxide fixa- 
tion. Thus, nonfunctional plastids lack a number of structural pro- 
teins necessary for the generation of TPNH and ATP. Methods of 
isolating chloroplasts active in photoproduction of TPNH and ATP 
were examined. An unidentified inactivator was found in leaf homo- 
genates. The presence of this inhibitor accounts for the previous 
difficulties encountered in obtaining chloroplasts active in photopro- 
duction of TPNH and ATP. 

The proteins of functional chloroplasts from treated and untreated 
leaves differ. Purified plastids from treated leaves contain a larger 
fraction of protein that can be made water soluble. Immunological 
analysis, however, shows that the soluble fraction from chloroplasts 
of control leaves contains more protein components. Differences are 
related to structural differences visualized with the electron micro- 
scope. 

Unlike flowering plants, many algae form chloroplast pigments in 
the dark. However, differences in quantity and quality of light have 
been reported to affect pigmentation and photosynthetic capacity. 
A number of littoral diatom isolates were found to grow well in the 
dark. Similar pelagic isolates are being sought. Methods of quanti- 
tatively extracting chloroplast pigments are being developed to com- 
pare differences in pigmentation between organisms grown in light 
and dark. 

Marine organisms are peculiarly suitable for fundamental investi- 
gation of radiation responses, and a section was organized within the 
division for marine biology research. The long-term aim of this 
study is toward establishing an adequate understanding of the physi- 
ology and biochemistry of the occurrence, behavior, and potential har- 
vest of marine organisms. 

In the sea, algae carry out the conversion of light energy to chemical 
energy. Phosphorus compounds are involved and play an important 
role in the determination of the bulk and growth rates of the algae. 
A number of types of phosphorus compounds in algae have been 
identified, quantitated, and used in structural studies. Metabolic 
activities of these compounds have been determined by the rate of 
incorporation of radioactive isotopes. Methylated ribose was demon- 
strated as a component of nucleotides of RNA (ribose nucleic acid) 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 175 


fraction. A number of sugars and neuraminic acids were demon- 
_ strated to be bound to the RNA. 

The morphological development of plastids in the presence of a 
carbohydrate substrate has been demonstrated to be controlled by the 
phytochrome pigment system which is photosensitive to red and far- 
red radiant energy. Microscopic examinations of leaf preparations 
show a red light-induced disappearance of starch from within young 
etiolated plastids. This observation has been substantiated by bio- 
chemical analysis which also indicated that starch degradation was 
preceded by a similar loss in total soluble sugars. In addition, these 
changes, which are appreciable in 6 hours and maximal in 12 hours fol- 
lowing a 38-minute exposure to light, correlate with the pronounced 
photomorphogenic leaf expansion. Studies of the kinetics of these 
changes, of temperature sensitivity and energy requirements for in- 
duction and reversal, have been completed as a necessary preliminary 
to an intensive study of the enzyme systems involved. 

Attempts to correlate physiological responses in a number of tissues 
to reported in vivo measurements of phytochrome concentrations have 
led to the conclusion that a simple one-pigment system appears to be 
inadequate in explaining the observed results. A far-red dose re- 
sponse curve was determined immediately after, and 114 hours after 
red induction. The data show a significant increase in sensitivity to 
far-red after 114 hours in both lettuce seed germination and bean hy- 
pocotyl hook opening. It was also observed that complete reversal of 
the induced response can be obtained with sufficiently large amounts 
of far-red energy from 21% hours to 4% hours after induction for both 
lettuce and bean. Further, there is significant reversal of the red 
induction for at least a 10-hour period in both. 

Experiments using Avena mesocotyl inhibition in which non- 
inhibitory pretreatments of red irradiation were given 24 hours prior 
to inhibitory red treatments did not produce any change in sensitivity. 
The published in vivo measurements indicate that such pretreatments 
should have significantly reduced the level of phytochrome so that the 
sensitivity should have changed. Also, experiments in which red 
treatments were divided into two doses separated by 4-hour dark inter- 
vals, or given as one continuous dose, showed marked differences in 
the sensitivity to far-red reversal. These data do not fit reasonably 
with a single pigment system. 

Many biological responses, such as flowering, pigment synthesis, 
seed germination, stem elongation, and leaf expansion are controlled 
by photochemical reactions initiated by various portions of the visible 
spectrum. In a program of study never previously undertaken any- 
where, measurements of specific spectral regions of sun and sky radia- 


176 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


tion are being recorded and correlated with plant growth responses of 
living material produced in natural daylight and in controlled en- 
vironment conditions. The greenhouse and controlled environment 
rooms, with such special features as automatically controlled changing 
light intensities and daylengths to reproduce natural conditions, have 
been developed and installed. Thesystem for measuring sun and sky 
radiation has been developed and includes specially constructed 
thermopiles with filters which automatically measure solar radiation. 
A digital recording system has been adapted, with automatic data 
processing equipment for handling a larger amount of information, to 
register all data on punched tape. Measurements are being made at 
3-minute intervals for six different wavebands simultaneously. Direct 
measurements with photomultipliers using interference filters at two 
specific wavelengths, 660 and 730 mp, indicate that there is an ap- 
preciable shift of as much as two-fold in the ratio of red to far-red 
near sunrise and sunset. ‘These shifts may be of significant import in 
determining the effective daylength for biological responses which 
utilize the phytochrome system. 

The biological phase has been initiated, and at periodic intervals the 
plant material cultivated under precisely controlled conditions is 
observed and measured, and the data are recorded for purposes of com- 
parison and correlation. It is expected that the degree and/or fre- 
quency of physiological responses initiated by photochemical stimuli 
will demonstrate a direct correlation with measured daily and seasonal 
fluctuations in the energy and quality of solar radiation as observed 
over relatively long periods of time. 

Tt has been shown previously by Dr. W. M. Dugger, Jr., and Dr. 
O. C. Taylor at the Air Pollution Research Center, University of 
California at Riverside, that PAN (peroxyacetyl nitrate) is an oxi- 
dant, naturally present in smog, which produces necrotic lesions on 
young leaves in the presence of light. These previous observations 
also suggested that PAN might be affecting the photosynthetic system 
of the plant. Thus, an attempt was made to determine if the intra- 
cellular site of PAN action could be determined. The spectral sensi- 
tivity of the light requirement in producing damage in bean seedlings 
in the presence of the smog oxidant was determined cooperatively 
with Drs. Dugger and Taylor, and this action spectrum indicates an 
interaction with a carotenoid pigment having a strong absorption be- 
tween 400 and 500 mp. There is a residual small amount of damage 
for all wavelengths out to 700 mu. 

A concentration of 4 ppm PAN for 100 seconds with an intensity of 
200 pw/em? produces appreciable leaf damage. No leaf damage is 
observed if plants are kept in the dark immediately prior to or im- 
mediately following the fumigation with PAN with simultaneous 


SECRETARY'S REPORT 177 


light exposure. Thus the damage is indicated to be mediated not by 
chlorophyll directly, but through accessory carotenoid pigments in 
the photosynthetic system. 

In the study of the photoresponses of Phycomyces blakesleeanus, 
detailed action spectra for the growth and tropic responses at high 
intensities have been completed. Within the visible range, the spectra 
are identical, indicating that no detectable bleaching of the photo- 
receptor occurs. It is concluded that direct spectrophotometric 
measurements for the detection of in vivo changes in the pigment 
photoreceptor system would be unprofitable. 

Chromatographic and biochemical assays have been made of various 
compounds extracted from sporangiophores. These compounds in- 
clude amino acids, reducing and nonreducing sugars, carotenoids, 
flavins, and various phosphorylated compounds. Dark-grown or 
light-adapted sporangiophores were exposed to saturating pulse-up 
light stimuli and assays made at 1-minute time intervals after the 
stimuli. 

No detectable changes could be observed for carotenoids or amino 
acids. Significant changes both in quantity and quality of compounds 
present were observed between adapted and stimulated growing zones 
for flavins in stage I and IV sporangiophores. Quantitative changes 
were also observed for reducing sugars. The time course of these 
changes can be correlated with the observed time course of the light 
growth response. 

One of the observed flavins, a blue fluorescing unknown, is present 
in large amounts in light-sensitive stages of sporangiophore develop- 
ment and is not found in the light-insensitive mycelia or during for- 
mation of the yellow sporangium in stage III sporangiophores. The 
total amount of this material is also a function of the adaptation level 
of the sporangiophore with the highest concentration occurring in 
dark-adapted sporangiophores. 

The installation of a carbon-dating laboratory within the division 
was completed in September 1962, and the dating of a number of 
archeological samples has been completed. In addition to the service 
function, the carbon-dating program includes basic research in the 
techniques of dating by the use of the carbon-14 method and research 
employing this method asa tool. 

The innovation of the use of mercury as the principal shielding 
material in the counting system has been most satisfactory and has 
resulted in low background levels and high precision. The absolute 
dates obtained with the mercury system are reliable when compared 
to those obtained by other laboratories. 

A research project to determine the residence time of water in vari- 
ous systems was started in October 1962. Preliminary experiments 


178 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


indicate that the carbon-14 activity of ground or surface water can be 
readily determined and that this method can be used to determine 
several of the hydrologic characteristics of water-producing strata. 
Instrumentation for this research has been completed and includes: 
(1) apparatus for extracting the bicarbonate and dissolved carbon 
dioxide from the water samples and (2) a system to convert the carbon 
dioxide to pure methane gas. 


PUBLICATIONS 


PRICE, LEONARD, AND KLEIN, WILLIAM H. Chlorophyll synthesis in X-irradiated 
etiolated bean leaf tissue. Radiation Botany, vol. 1, pp. 269-275, 1962. 

KLEIN, WILLIAM H. Some responses of the bean hypocotyl. American Biol. 
Teacher, vol. 25, pp. 104-106, 1963. 

SHROPSHIRE, W., Jr. Photoresponses of the fungus Phycomyces. Physiol. 
Rev., vol. 43, pp. 38-67, 1963. 

Sister, Epwarp C., AND KLEIN, WitL1AM H. The effect of age and various 
chemicals on the lag phase of chlorophyll synthesis in dark grown bean 
seedlings. Physiol. Plantarum, vol. 16, pp. 821-328, 1968. 

Duaecrr, W. M., Jr.; Taytor, O. C. KLEIN, W. H.; AND SHROPSHIRE, W., JR. 
Action spectrum of peroxyacetyl nitrate damage to bean plants. Nature, 
vol. 198, pp. 75-76, 1968. 


OTHER ACTIVITIES 


The division was represented during the year at a number of scien- 
tific meetings. At the American Institute of Biological Sciences 
meeting in August at Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oreg., were 
W. Shropshire, L. Price, M. M. Margulies, R. L. Latterell, and W. H. 
Klein. Papers presented at the meetings included “The Effect of 
Light and Chloramphenicol on Development of Photosynthetic Ac- 
tivities of Leaves,” by M. M. Margulies; “Responses of Phycomyces 
to High Intensity Light,” by W. Shropshire; and “Some Responses 
of the Bean Hypocotyl,” by W. H. Klein. Dr. Klein attended the 
executive committee sessions of the American Society of Plant 
Physiologists. 

Dr. D. L. Correll traveled to Woods Hole Oceanographic Institu- 
tion, Yale University, and the Haskins Laboratories to confer on as- 
pects of marine biology research. In August Dr. Klein with a repre- 
sentative of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission visited the Univer- 
sity of Washington at Seattle. J. H. Harrison attended the Inter- 
mediate Seminar for Scientific Glass Blowers held at the State Uni- 
versity of New York in Alfred in September. In November, J. J. 
Sigalove and Dr. W. H. Klein went to Delaware, Ohio, to consult with 
Dr. J. G. Ogden of the carbon-dating laboratory at Ohio Wesleyan 
University. In January Dr. D. L. Correll and L. Lott made a col- 
lecting trip to the Florida Keys for specimens of marine algae. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT __ 179 


Leonard Price and Dr. K. Mitrakos in February presented a sym- 
posium paper entitled “Photomorphogenesis and Carbohydrate 
Changes in Etiolated Leaf Tissue,” at the 1963 meeting in Memphis, 
Tenn., of the Association of Southern Agricultural Workers. Also 
in February, Dr. W. Shropshire attended the 7th Annual Meeting of 
the Biophysical Society in New York City. 

In April, the division was represented at three scientific meetings. 
Drs. P. J. A. L. deLint and D. L. Correll attended the annual meet- 
ing of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 
J. H. Harrison attended the International Conference on Nonlinear 
Magnetics in Washington, D.C. Dr. Shropshire was an invited par- 
ticipant in the First American Meeting of the Royal Microscopical 
Society held at the National Institutes of Health. 

J.J. Sigalove conferred in May with Dr. W. Broecker and the staff 
at Lamont Geological Observatory in Palisades, N.Y. 

With the closing of the Table Mountain, Calif., Field Station, solar- 
radiation standards and some equipment were transferred to the di- 
vision. ‘The standards are being used in the calibration of instru- 
ments for measurement of solar radiation. 

New members of the staff this year are Dr. David L. Correll, bio- 
chemist, and Joel J. Sigalove, geochemist. At the end of the year 
there were 29 members of the staff of the Division of Radiation and 
Organisms. 

Respectfully submitted. 

Frep L. Wurer te, Director. 
Dr. Lronarp CARMICHAEL, 
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution 


Report on the National Collection of 
Fine Arts 


Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the activ- 
ities of the National Collection of Fine Arts for the fiscal year ended 
June 30, 1963: 


SMITHSONIAN ART COMMISSION 


The 40th annual meeting of the Smithsonian Art Commission was 
held in Washington on Tuesday, December 4, 1962. Members present 
were Paul Manship, chairman; Leonard Carmichael, secretary; Gil- 
more D. Clarke, David E. Finley, Lloyd Goodrich, Bartlett H. Hayes, 
Jr., Ogden M. Pleissner, Charles H. Sawyer, and Stow Wengenroth. 
James C. Bradley, Assistant Secretary; Theodore W. Taylor, Assist- 
ant to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution; and Thomas M. 
Beggs, Director, National Collection of Fine Arts, were also present. 

Resolutions on the deaths of Robert Woods Bliss and Archibald G. 
Wenley were submitted and adopted. 

The Commission recommended appointment of Edgar P. Richardson 
to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Mr. Wenley, and of Paul 
Mellon, to fill that caused by the death of Mr. Bliss. - 

Recommendations were made for the reappointment of Gilmore 
D. Clarke, Stow Wengenroth, and Andrew Wyeth for the usual 4- 
year period. 

The following officers were elected for the ensuing year: Paul 
Manship, chairman; Gilmore D. Clarke, vice chairman; and Leonard 
Carmichael, secretary. 

The following were elected members of the executive committee for 
the ensuing year: David E. Finley, chairman; Gilmore D. Clarke, 
Ogden M. Pleissner, Edgar P. Richardson, with Paul Manship and 
Leonard Carmichael, ex officio. 

Dr. Carmichael reported to the Commission on the progress in 
developing the old Patent Office Building to house the National 
Portrait Gallery and the National Collection of Fine Arts. He stated 
that plans had been submitted to the General Services Administration 
and that it was expected funds would be available to begin remodel- 


180 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 181 


ing in the winter of 1963-64, with possible completion of the galleries 
‘in January 1966. 

A resolution was unanimously passed that the Smithsonian Art 
Commission “approves acceptance by the National Collection of Fine 
Arts of those examples of the work of Paul Manship, sculptor, both 
unique and of duplicate or multiple casting as he may leave to the 
gallery by last will and testament. In acceptance of these works, it 
will be understood that they shall not be subject to use as part of a 
lending collection but shall be accorded treatment as permament ac- 
cessions, subject to occasional loans for special exhibition, rotation on 
display in the continuing exhibition, and other normal uses to which 
regular acquisitions are put.” 

The Commission recommended acceptance of the following for the 
National Collection of Fine Arts: 


Terracotta, Myron T. Herrick (1854-1929), by Paul Manship (1885-— ). 
Offered by the sculptor, New York City. 

Marble, Somnambula, by Randolph Rogers (1825-92). Offered by Mr. and 
Mrs. Fortunato Porroto, Washington, D.C. 

Oil, Le Ravin de la Mort les Eparges, by Joseph Victor Communal. Bequest of 
Frederick R. Wulsin through Lucien Wulsin, Jr., Co-executor of the estate. 

Oil, Self Portrait, by Edmund C. Tarbell (1862-1938). Offered by Mrs. Jose- 
phine Tarbell Ferrell and Mrs. Mary Tarbell Schaffer. 

Oil, Urs. Edmund C. Tarbell, by Edmund C. Tarbell (1862-1938). Bequest of 
Mrs. Mercie Tarbell Clay. 

An oil and 15 watercolors by William Henry Holmes (1846-1933), together 
with a watercolor by Kenneth C. Holmes. Offered by Anna Bartsch Dunn, 
Washington, D.C.: Chestnut Trees in Bloom (oil) ; Field of Vari-colored Grasses; 
Flowery Meadow; Field of Wheat in Shock; Field of Jim Pie Weed; The 
Babbling Brook; The Open Sea; A Maryland Dirt Road; Field of Blossoms; 
In Holland; Royal Oak; Windmills; Michigan; Cherry Blossoms; Blossoms; 
On Sunset Hill; and Vase with Flower by Kenneth C. Holmes. 

A collection of 83 original sketches executed under the Work Projects Admin- 
istration Program was accepted for its historical significance. The sketches 
were offered as a transfer from General Services Administration through the 
Internal Revenue Service and were represented by the following examples: 
The Railroad Came to Town, by Saul Berman (1899- ); Preliminary Study 
for Mural, Trinity, Texas, Post Office, by Jerry Bywaters (1906— ); Deer and 
Buffalo Hunt, by Woodrow Crumbo; Tung Oil Industry, by Xavier Gonzaélez 
(1898— ); Arrival of Colonel John Donaldson, by F. Luis Mora (1874— ); 
Design for Mural for Post Office at Rockport, Massachusetts, by William Lester 
Stevens, A.N.A. (1888— ); and Fruit Packing, by Undetermined Artist. 

A collection of 71 watercolors by Cass Gilbert, N.A. (1859-1934), was offered 
by Mrs. Walter A. Bastedo, New Canaan, Conn., through the U.S. National 
Museum, and was represented by five examples as follows: Old House in Rouen; 
On the Canal, Bruges; Aqueduct; Battle Abbey; The Zwinger and Towers, 
Dresden. 


707-317—63——_13 


182 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


Three silhouettes by undetermined artists were acquired from Mrs. Helen 
Moffat Langdon, Alexandria, Va.: Phoebe Cook DeWitt (1736-1824) ; Hannah 
DeWitt Shaw (1758-1844) ; and Abigail Shaw Barkley (1792-1871). 


The Commission recommended that the following be held for sub- 
mission to the National Portrait Gallery Commission : 


Ten oil portraits offered by the International Business Machines Corp., New 
York City, through T. D. Jones, director: President James Abram Garfield 
(1831-81), by Ole Peter Hansen Balling (1823-1906); Fleet Admiral Ernest 
Joseph King (1878-1956), by Albert K. Murray (1906— ); Admiral Mare 
Andrew Mitscher (1887-1947), by Albert K. Murray (1906-— ); Fleet Admiral 
Chester William Nimitz (1885-— ), by Albert K. Murray (1906— ); Admiral 
William Frederick Halsey (1882-1959), by Albert K. Murray (1906— ); Admiral 
Thomas C. Kincaid (1888-_ ), by Robert S. Sloan (1915-_ ) ; Secretary of State 
Cordell Hull (1871-1955), by Camir Gregory Stapko (1913-— ) after Albert K. 
Murray (1906— ); Henry Clay (1777-1852), by Undetermined Artist; General 
Ulysses S. Grant (1822-1885), by Samuel B. Waugh (1814-1885) ; and General 
of the Army George Catlett Marshall (1880-1959), by J. Anthony Wills. 

Two oils, Cass Gilbert (1859-1934), by Ernest Ludwig Ipsen (1869-1951), 
and Mrs. Cass Gilbert, by Sir Arthur Stockdale Cope (1875-1940), offered by 
Mrs. Walter A. Bastedo, New Canaan, Conn., through the U.S. National Museum. 


THE CATHERINE WALDEN MYER FUND 


The following miniatures, watercolor on ivory, were acquired from 
the fund established through the bequest of Catherine Walden Myer: 


No. 140. Hbenezer Williams (1769-_ ), attributed to Rembrandt Peale (1778- 
1860). 

No. 141. Mrs. Ebenezer Williams, nee Martha Porter (1774— ), attributed 
to Rembrandt Peale (1778-1860). 

Nos. 140 and 141 acquired from Lt. Col. W. C. Williams, Arlington, Va., 
through Miss Vera Fisher. 

No. 142. Gentleman, by Peregrine F. Cooper (ac. 1840-90). 

No. 148. Gentleman, by Undetermined Artist. 

Nos. 142 and 148 acquired from Dorsey Griffith, New Market, Md. 

No. 144. Lady, by A. G. Rose. 

No. 145. Gentleman, by A. G. Rose. 

Nos. 144 and 145 acquired from James Anton, Washington, D.C. 

No. 146. Gentleman, attributed to Edward Greene Malbone (1777-1807). 

No. 147. J.G. H., by Rudolph Huber (1770—-_ ). 

No. 148. Gentleman in the manner of John Smart (1740/1-1811). 

Nos. 146-148 acquired from Ethel K. Perdriau, Berkeley, Calif. 

No. 149. A Pioneer Woman by George Catlin (1796-1872). Acquired from 
Mr. David Silvette, Richmond, Va. 


LOANS ACCEPTED 


Two oils, Portrait of Ruel P. Tolman (1878-1954) by Bjorn Egeli 
(1900-  ) and Portrait of Louis XVI by Undetermined Artist, were 
lent by Mrs. Edward Kemper, Arlington, Va., October 18, 1962. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 183 


ART WORKS LENT AND RETURNED, PERMANENT COLLECTION 


rahi Loans 

Institutions Loans returned 

American Mederation of Arts.2 2 2 2 3 2 
PUGeAMOtt Nes Dud re Leeman CA eee eee os em rey 25 2 
MefensewMepartment: of so 525 Soe ue Ta ok Le aa se gs 1 1 
Wurlacher brothers: New. York City ......---2 2-2 22-2 ees D 2 
Federal Communications Commission_-________________________ Os 1 
Health, Education, and Welfare, Department of_________________ 2 2 
Ehumbinevomy Cralleriesuere a lille oes oe Oe ee eta 1 1 
Immaculate Heart of Mary Retreat House_____---_____________- 1 1 
AmncenormO)ecpartmenti of the: Ws ooo shes ss joe toe see a de 2 1 
MmiternalerevenwelServiceh ook. oe ee ee ft ae 
Voslyme cttw Vise tein aeRO ei ee eee Ee bs we 1 a 
MStICe MD CpAnUMentOf ms Us CL ee a ee ee 1 ae 
Nay desristoricalekoundation: . 2 vos nee s So oe ee Sti, 1 
RostsOfucewDepartmentu 2 seu aes Spat) Oe eee i toy AL aes 4 
President’s Advisory Committee on Narcotic and Drug Abuse____- 6 uy 
President’s Committee on Equal Employment_________________-_ 10 ae 
President’s Committee on Intergovernmental Relations__________ 12 oe 
uber uildinass Services Useless Ae 1 zs 
Svaltewwepartimentions4 swe en sr NE ee etre ee ie eye es iti 4 
Pbreasunyep Department of. 42 sua ekg ee a 1 1 
Un-American Activities Committee___._.____.._________________ ae att 
(WmitedsNationseeeus Taw os See ee we eS ao 1 stn 
Wmiversitvnom California Wee Cae a ee yy ce a 4 4 
U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia________________ 3 2 
WASaoupreme WOUntS as 22 ele Sa yh es ye le Be 2 
WeveranswAGministrations 2 eu bo. 28 so ee 2h 2 
Washington County Museum of Fine Arts___________-_________- 1 1 
The White House (Food for,Peace)._2 2.252222. 222-2 22 3 ae 
Mioodwandiarliothrop he valuta ee a ee 8 8 
90 44 


SMITHSONIAN LENDING COLLECTION 


The following were added to the lending collection December 4, 
1962: 

Oil, Coming Storm, by Ralph Iligan (1893-1960). Offered by Miss Agnes 
Tligan, Hast Elmhurst, N.Y. 

Two oils, Dordogne Valley and Dordogne Valley, by William Didier-Pouget 
(1864—- ). Offered by Mrs. Lawrence S. Lesser, Chevy Chase, Md. 

An oil, Bigradoo, by Owen J. Garde (1919- ). Offered by Allan Gerdau, 
New York City. 

Harold F. Cross restored the following paintings: Laura in Black 
Hat, by Juliet Thompson ( 1934) ; Natalie, by Juliet Thompson; 
Reclining Model, by Carrier-Belleuse (1824-87) ; together with the 
following by Alice Pike Barney (1860-1931): Alice Roosevelt; 
Arcady ; Lady with Fan; A. P. Barney; and Laura Alice Barney. 

Frames for the paintings Reclining Model by Carrier-Belleuse, 
Laura in Black Hat by Juliet Thompson, and Lady with Fan by Alice 
Pike Barney, were renovated by Istvan P. Pfeiffer. 


184 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


ART WORKS LENT AND RETURNED, LENDING COLLECTION 


Loans 

Institutions Loans returned 

Barney,(James: Perrine sie 8/2 ok Wen ee a 5 ae a ae 1 

Barneys Neighborhood Housesees 5 sae e hs eye ays ee a 9 aa 

FLO ward Wai versity oa ee ee Sy ee 20 oe 

Justice; Departmentiof. = 2222252 28 se 52 Dees eee Sey ie eee 3 2 

LehighWniversityis2- 22 ee—< Sues Bee SL eae eae ee my 1 
Post: Office Department .452 63. 2ah eee a eee eee eee a8 

UW.Sy Senate. 2222.06 2k oe eae ae RES RRs ee 2 at 

31 5 


ALICE PIKE BARNEY MEMORIAL FUND 


Additions to the principal during the year amounting to $2,301.50 
increased the total invested sums in the Alice Pike Barney Memorial 
Fund to $45,424.49. 


THE HENRY WARD RANGER FUND 


According to a provision of the Henry Ward Ranger bequest, that 
paintings purchased by the Council of the National Academy of Design 
from the fund provided by the bequest and assigned to American art 
institutions may be claimed during the 5-year period beginning 10 
years after the death of the artist represented, the following paintings 
were recalled for action of the Smithsonian Art Commission at its 
meeting December 4, 1962: 


No. 44. Their Son, by Oscar Edward Berninghaus, A.N.A. (1874-1952), was 
returned to the Art Club of Erie, Erie, Pa., where it was originally assigned 
in 1924. 

No. 45. The Wood Cart, by Louis Paul Dessar, N.A. (1867-1952), was 
returned to Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, Conn., where it was origi- 
nally assigned in 1925. 

No. 128. Gravel, Fish, and Soya Beans, by Carl Frederick Gaertner, A.N.A. 
(1898-1952), assigned in 1948 to the Swope Art Gallery, Terre Haute, Ind., 
was accepted to become a permanent accession. 


The following paintings purchased previously but not assigned 
have been allocated to the institutions indicated: 


Title and artist Assignment 
249. Reflections, by Adolf Konrad (1915- Newark Museum, Newark, N.J. 
ye 
258. The Fascination of Toledo, by Carol Chattanooga Art Association, Chat- 
M. Grant (1930-—_ ). tanooga, Tenn. 
261. Turn Around, by Ed Graves (1917— Reading Public Museum and Art Gal- 
). lery, Reading, Pa. 
263. Monday Morning, by Herb Olsen Springfield Art Association, Spring- 
(1905-_). field, Ill. 


SECRETARY’S 


REPORT 


185 


The following paintings, purchased by the Council of the National 
Academy of Design since the last report, have been assigned as 


follows: 

Title and artist 

265. Dust to Dust, by Robert Philipp 
(1895-—_). 

266. From Breda, by Xavier Gonzalez 
(1898-_). 

267. Young Guitarist, by Leon Kroll 
(1884— ). 

268. Low Tide (watercolor), by William EK. 
Preston (1930—_ ). 

269. Ott Brenner’s Barn, by Robert Allan 
Gough (1931-  ). 

270. Conversation, by John Koch (1909— 

). 

271. Grindstone Ledge (watercolor), by 
Roy M. Mason (1886—_ ). 

272. Desolation (watercolor), by D. Wu 
Ject-Key (1895- ). 

278. Dilworthtown (watercolor), by 
Philip Jamison (1925- ). 

274. Sampans and Junks, Hong Kong 
(watercolor), by Louis J. Kaep 
(19038-— ). 

275. Old Boat Yard (watercolor), by An- 
tonio P. Martino (1902-—  ). 

276. Off Season, St. Ives (watercolor), 
by Tom Nicholas (19384 ). 

277. Autumn’s Sentinels (watercolor), by 


Robert H. Laessig (1913— ). 


Assignment 
Dayton Art Institute, Dayton, Ohio. 


Assignment pending. 


The Berkshire Museum, Pittsfield, 
Mass. 

Art Center in La Jolla, La Jolla, 
Calif. 

Nebraska Art Association, Lincoln, 
Nebr. 

Walker Art Museum, Bowdoin Col- 
lege, Brunswick, Maine. 

Grand Rapids Art Gallery, Grand 
Rapids, Mich. 

Assignment pending. 


Assignment pending. 


Assignment pending. 


New Mexico State University, Uni- 
versity Park, N. Mex. 

Georgia Museum of Art, University 
of Georgia, Athens, Ga. 

Addison Gallery of American Art, 
Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass. 


SMITHSONIAN TRAVELING EXHIBITION SERVICE 


Tn addition to 102 exhibits held over from previous years as indi- 
cated below, 25 new shows were introduced. The total of 127 shows 


was circulated to 333 museums in the United States. 


Two exhibitions 


were delivered to the U.S. Information Service for circulation abroad. 


EXHIBITS CONTINUED FROM PRIOR YEARS 


1956-57: Japan II by Werner Bischof; and The World of Edward Weston. 
1957-58: The American City in the 19th Century; Japanese Woodblock Prints; 
Theatrical Posters of the Gay Nineties; Burmese Embroideries; Japanese 


Children. 


Dolls; Thai Painting; The Anatomy of Nature; and Drawings by European 


1958-59: Advertising in 19th Century America; Religious Subjects in Modern 
Graphic Arts; Our Town; Stone Rubbings from Angkor Wat; and Shaker 


Craftsmanship. 


186 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


1959-60: Karly Drawings of Toulouse-Lautrec; Watercolors and Drawings by 
Thomas Rowlandson; Prints and Drawings by Jacques Villon; American 
Prints Today; Brazilian Printmakers; Arts and Cultural Centers; Bernard 
Ralph Maybeck; Bazaar Paintings from Calcutta; Sardinian Crafts; Arctic 
Riviera; Photographs by Robert Capa I; Photographs by Robert Capa II; 
Pagan; Portraits of Greatness; Contrasts; Paintings by Young Africans; 
and Japan I. 

1960-61: The Technique of Fresco Painting; Paintings by Ch’i Pai-Shih; Birds 
of Greenland; The America of Currier and Ives; Drawings by Sculptors; 
The Graphic Art of Hdvard Munch; German Color Prints; Eskimo Graphic 
Art; Civil War Drawings I; Civil War Drawings II; American Art Nouveau 
Posters; American Industry in the 19th Century; America on Stone; De- 
signed in Okinawa; Okinawa—Continuing Traditions; Prints by Munakata ; 
Contemporary Japanese Drawings; Japan: by Werner Bischof; The Spirit 
of the Japanese Print; Americans—A View From the East; Swiss Industrial 
Architecture; Contemporary Swedish Architecture; Mies van der Rohe; 
Irish Architecture of the Georgian Period; One Hundred Years of Colorado 
Architecture; Brasilia—a New Capital; Design in Germany Today; De- 
signed for Silver; Batiks by Maud Rydin; American Textiles; The Seasons, 
color photographs by Eliot Porter; The World of Werner Bischof; The 
Image of Physics; Charles Darwin: The Hvolution of an Evolutionist; 
The Beginnings of Flight; The Magnificent Hnterprise—Education Opens 
the Door; The New Theatre in Germany; Tropical Africa I; Tropical 
Africa II; Symphony in Color; Paintings and Pastels by Children of Tokyo; 
Children’s Art from Italy; Hawaiian Children’s Art; and Designs by Chil- 
dren of Ceylon. 

1961-62: Tutankhamun’s Treasures; Fourteen Americans in France; George 
Catlin, Paintings and Prints; Physics and Painting; UNESCO Watercolor 
Reproductions; Belgian Drawings; The Lithographs of Childe Hassam; 
Contemporary Italian Drawings; John Baptist Jackson; Contemporary 
Swedish Prints; Japanese Posters; The Face of Viet Nam; Architectural 
Photography (New Hditions) ; Le Corbusier—Chapel at Ronchamp; The 
Family, The Neighborhood, The City; One Hundred Books from the Grab- 
horn Press; Wisconsin Designer-Craftsmen ; Caribbean Journey ; The Swed- 
ish Film; The Story of a Winery; This Is the American Harth; The Hidden 
World of Crystals; Hummingbirds; Brazilian Children’s Art; Children 
Look at UNESCO; and My Friends. 


EXHIBITIONS INITIATED IN 1963 


Paintings and Sculpture 


The Daniells in India_________________ India Library, London, Mrs. Mildred 
Archer ; P & O Lines. 

IDET abana, Opnaabapis ee Eskimo Art, Ine., Ann Arbor, Mich.; 
Canadian Hmbassy. 

Holland: The New Generation________ Municipal Museum of Amsterdam, W. 


J. H. B. Sandberg; The Embassy of 
the Netherlands. 
BOUT SS To pera ed I SG a cae Wilmington Society of the Fine Arts, 
Bruce St. John, Director. 
Contemporary Japanese Sumi Paint- 
DTU Sa se es eR es ae Japan Society, New York; Kokusai 
Bunka Shinkokai, Tokyo. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 187 


Drawing and Prints 


- American Prints Today, 1962_________ Print Council of America, New York 
City. 
Contemporary American Drawings____ XXth American Drawing Annual, Nor- 


folk; Addison Gallery of American 
Art, Bartlett Hayes. 

Work by Ernst Barlach_______________ German Barlach Society; Dr. Wolf 
Stubbe, Hamburger Kunsthalle. 

Old Master Drawings from Chatsworth. Trustees of the Chatsworth Settlement ; 
Devonshire Collection; Duke and 
Duchess of Devonshire; British Hm- 


bassy. 
English Watercolors and Drawings____ Anonymous lender. 
Hskimo Graphie Art II_______________ Canadian Embassy; Eskimo Art, Inc., 
Ann Arbor, Mich., Eugene N. Power. 
Huropean Posters2 22250. eee eee Graphis Magazine, Zurich, Switzerland, 


Ken Baynes. 


Oriental Art 


Pakistan Stone Rubbings_____________ Mrs. Ethel Jane Bunting, Washington, 
D.C. 


Architecture 


Contemporary Canadian Architecture. Royal Architectural Institute of Can- 
ada; Embassy of Canada. 


Twelve Churches____________________ California Redwood Association, San 
Francisco, Calif. 

100 Sketches by Eric Mendelsohn_____ Mrs. Louis Mendelsohn, San Francisco, 
Calif. 

Pre-Hispanic Mexico_________________ Mexican Government Tourist Office ; Or- 
ganization of American States, Wash- 
ington, D.C. 


Design and Crafts 


Today’s American Walleoverings______ American Institute of Interior Design- 
ers; Resources Council, New York 
City. 
Craftsmen of the City________________ Irving Sloane, International Business 
Machines Corp. 
The Tradition of French Fabrics_____- Brunschwig and Fils; French Embassy. 


Children’s Art 


A Child’s World of Nature____________ Junior School, School of the Art Insti- 
tute of Chicago, III. 
West German Students’ Art_____--_-- United States Committee for Refugees ; 


Germany Indivisible; German Em- 
bassy. 


188 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


History 
Historic Annapolis____________-_--__- Historic Annapolis, Inc., Annapolis, Md. 
Civil War Drawings III__-___-___--_- American libraries; Library of Con- 
gress, Washington, D.C. 
The Old Navy, 1776-1860_________-____ Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde 
Park, N.Y.; National Archives, Wash- 
ington, D.C. 


STAFF ACTIVITIES 


Special services were performed under contracts with Keyes Porter 
and Delight Hall. Unfortunately, death prevented the completion of 
a study begun by the late George C. Groce, author. 

Contracts were let for the relining and restoring by Harold F. Cross 
of the following: 

Portrait of a Lady, by Abbott H. Thayer (1849-1921) ; Her Leisure Hour, by 
Irving Wiles (1861-1948) ; John Tyler (1790-1862), by G. P. A. Healy (1808- 
94); Sundown, by George Inness (1825-94); Large Landscape, by Thomas 
Barker (1769-1847) ; Adoration of the Kings, by Bernard Van Orley (1485/93- 
1542) ; Lady in White (No. 1), by Thomas W. Dewing (1851-1938) ; Lady in 
White (No. 2), by Thomas W. Dewing (1851-1988) ; The Happy Mother, by Max 
Bohm (1868-1923) ; Cardinal, by Titian (1477-1576) ; and Mrs. Houston, by 
Thomas W. Dewing (1851-1938). 

Henri G. Courtais contracted for renovation of the following 
paintings: 

Venetian Scene, by Francesco de Guardi (1712-93); Windstorm, by John 
Constable (1776-1837) ; Portrait of Thomas Hopkinson (1709-51), by Robert 
Feke (1705/24-1750/69) ; The Great Western, by William Marsh (ac. 1844-58) ; 
Stephen Decatur (1779-1820), attributed to Gilbert Stuart (1755-1828) ; The 
Smoker, by Eugene Delacroix (1798-1863) ; Mrs. Robert Wetmore, by Henry 
Inman (1802-46) ; New Year’s Shooter, by George Luks (1867-1933) ; Head of a 
Young Woman (Leonori), by James McNeill Whistler (1834-1903) ; Water 
Carriers, Venice, by Frank Duveneck (1848-1919) ; John Gellatly (1853-1931), 
by Irving R. Wiles (1861-1948) ; The Sermon, by Gari Melchers (1860-1932) ; and 
The Holy Family, with St. Elizabeth, by Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640). 

Nine original sketches executed under the Work Projects Adminis- 
tration were restored and remounted by Istvan P. Pfeiffer. Mr. Pfeif- 
fer gilded frames for the following paintings: Landscape with Fig- 
ures, by Thomas W. Dewing (1851-1938) ; Lady in White (No. 1), by 
Thomas W. Dewing (1851-1938); and Head of a Young Woman 
(Leonor), by James A. McNeill Whistler (1834-1903). 

A physical inventory of paintings, sculptures, and prints accessioned 
by the National Collection of Fine Arts and a catalog listing of same 
were begun by staff members. 

In addition to the approximately 20,500 requests for information 
received by mail and telephone, inquiries made in person at the office 
numbered 1,680. In all, 302 works of art were examined by the staff 
members. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 189 


Special catalogs were published for the following traveling exhibi- 
tions: Work by Ernst Barlach; Old Master Drawings from Chats- 
worth; and The Daniells in India. Folders announcing the following 
exhibits were also published: Pakistan Stone Rubbings; 100 Sketches 
by Eric Mendelsohn; History Exhibitions; Children’s Art Exhibi- 
tions; Natural History and Science Exhibitions; Prints and Drawings 
Exhibitions; and Architectural Exhibitions. 

Staff members served as jurors of a number of local art exhibitions 
and gave illustrated lectures to clubs. 

As plans develop for the National Collection of Fine Arts’ occu- 
pancy of the Civil Service Commission Building (the Old Patent 
Office), necessary additions are being made to staff. During the last 
year the following were named to the positions indicated: Donald R. 
McClelland, exhibits designer; Anne Castrodale, research assistant; 
Linwood Lucas, museum aide; and Nancy Brooks, clerk-stenographer. 


SPECIAL EXHIBITIONS 


July 8-September 3, 1962. A Centennial Exhibition of Paintings by Edmund 
C. Tarbell, N.A. (1862-1938), with the cooperation and assistance of Mrs. 
Josephine Tarbell Ferrell, Mrs. Mary Tarbell Schaffer, Mrs. John Staley, the 
Corcoran Gallery of Art, and the U.S. National Museum. The exhibition con- 
sisted of 26 paintings, 12 medals, and memorabilia. 

September 15—-October 11, 1962. Fifth Biennial Creative Crafts Exhibition, 
sponsored by The Kiln Club of Washington, D.C.; Ceramic Guild of Bethesda ; 
Cherry Tree Textile Designers; Clay Pigeons Ceramic Workshop; Designers- 
Weavers; and Potomac Craftsmen. The exhibit contained 215 items including 
ceramics, textiles, weavings, enamels, sculpture, and jewelry. An illustrated 
catalog was privately printed. 

September 17-November 11, 1962. Pre-Hispanic Mexico, sponsored by the 
Government of Mexico and the Pan American Union and circulated by the 
Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service, was shown in the lobby 
of the Natural History Building. A brochure was privately printed. 

October 20-—November 8, 1962. The 69th Annual Exhibition of the Society of 
Washington Artists. The show consisted of 78 paintings and 23 sculptures. A 
catalog was privately printed. 

November 17—December 9, 1962. The Art of Thailand, sponsored by the Am- 
bassador of Thailand and the Washington-Bangkok Friendship Council, and 
with the cooperation of the Division of Ethnology, U.S. National Museum. The 
King’s birthday was celebrated on December 5, 1962. 

November 17-December 9, 1962. Contemporary Japanese Sumi Painting, 
organized by Kokusai Bunka Shinkokai, Tokyo, and circulated by the Smith- 
sonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service. The exhibition consisted of 
30 paintings. An illustrated catalog was privately printed. 

November 17—December 9, 1962. The Daniells in India [Thomas Daniell, R.A. 
(1749-1840), and William Daniell (1769-1837) ], circulated by the Smithsonian 
Institution Traveling Exhibition Service. The show consisted of 50 watercolor 
paintings. Anillustrated catalog was privately printed. 

December 16, 1962-January 38, 1968. The 25th Metropolitan Art Exhibition 
sponsored by the American Art League. The exhibit consisted of 101 paintings 
and 12 sculptures. A catalog was privately printed. 


190 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


January 12—February 3, 1963. European Posters, circulated by the Smith- 
sonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service. The show consisted of 39 
posters by 19 artists. A catalog was privately printed. 

January 12-February 3, 1963. 100 Books from the Grabhorn Press, circulated 
by the Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service. 

February 9-March 8, 1963. Wskimo Graphic Arts, circulated by the Smith- 
sonian Institution Traveling Hxhibition Service. The exhibit included 50 
stone-block and sealskin prints. 

February 9-Mareh 3, 19638. Eskimo Carvings, circulated by the Smithsonian 
Institution Traveling Exhibition Service. The show consisted of 50 carvings in 
stone, bone, and ivory. 

March 10-28, 1963. Contemporary German Books, sponsored by the Ambas- 
sador of Germany and the Boersenverein des Deutschen Buchhandels E.V. A 
catalog was privately printed. 

April 7-25, 1963. The 66th Annual National Exhibition of the Washington 
Water Color Association. The exhibition consisted of 150 watercolors, prints, 
and drawings. An illustrated catalog was privately printed. 

April 22-28, 1963. National Coin Week exhibition, sponsored by the Nation’s 
Capital Coin Club. 

May 5-24, 1968. The 380th Annual National Exhibition of the Miniature 
Painters, Sculptors, and Gravers Society of Washington, D.C. The exhibit con- 
sisted of 157 items including painting, sculpture, bookbinding, and graphics, and 
included a special showing of work of the founding members, Alyn Williams, 
Hattie E. Burdette, Benson B. Moore, Marian U. M. Lane, and Hlizabeth 
Muhlhofer. An illustrated catalog was privately printed. 

May 4-81, 1968. A Retrospective Exhibition of the work of John Sloan, 
organized by the Wilmington Society of the Fine Arts and circulated by the 
Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service. The show included 37 
paintings, 31 drawings, and 36 etchings. An illustrated catalog was privately 
printed. 

June 8-30, 1963. The 1st National Exhibition of Art Directors sponsored by 
the Art Directors Club of Metropolitan Washington and the National Society 
of Art Directors. An illustrated catalog was privately printed. 


Respectfully submitted. 
Tuomas M. Brees, Director. 
Dr. Lronarp CARMICHAEL, 
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. 


Report on the Freer Gallery of Art 


Sm: I have the honor to submit the 43d annual report on the Freer 
Gallery of Art, for the year ended June 30, 1963. 


THE COLLECTIONS 


Fifteen objects were added to the collections by purchase as follows: 


PAINTINGS 


62.26. Chinese, Ch‘ing dynasty, by Wang Ytian-ch‘i (1642-1715), dated 1704. 
Landscape in the manner of Ni Tsan. Ink and colors on paper. Two 
inscriptions and five seals of the artist on the painting. Kakemono: 
height: 0.955; width: 0.505. 

62.29. Chinese, Ch‘ing dynasty, by Wang Shih-min (1592-1680), dated 1670. 
Landscapes in old styles. Six paintings and one leaf of calligraphy, 
originally from an album. Ink and color on paper. Six inscriptions 
and 13 seals on paintings; 11 seals on leaf of calligraphy; colophon 
with one seal. Outside label inscribed. Handscroll: height: 0.318; 
length: 8.3875. (Illustrated.) 

62.27. Japanese, Edo period, Buddhist school. Scroll VII of the Hoke Ky6é 
(Lotus Sutra). Gold with touches of color, on blue paper. Height: 
0.280; width: 3.920. 

62.28. Japanese, Ashikaga period, early 16th century, Muromachi-Suiboku school, 
by Shuk6. Hawk. Ink on paper. Height: 0.959; width: 0.447. 

62.30—- Japanese, Momoyama period, Decorative school, by Nonomura Sotatsu 
62.31. (fil. ca. 1600-1630). Trees. A pair of six-fold screens. Ink and colors 
on gold leaf. Height: 1.540; width: 3.578. (62.30 illustrated.) 

62.32 Turkish, Ottoman school, early 17th century. A young prince and at- 
tendant of which two hemistiches in nasta‘liq are given above painting. 
Mounted as album leaf with marginal designs of gold cloud bands and 
floral rinceaux on dark ground. Miniature: height: 0.085; width: 
0.060. Album leaf: height: 0.210; width: 0.125. 


POTTERY 


62.33. Chinese, T‘ang dynasty, white ware. Wide shallow bowl with turned- 
over rim and flat, unglazed base. Clay: light buff stoneware. Glaze: 
opaque white with fine crackle. Decoration: none. Height: 0.092; 

diameter: 0.315. 

62.384. Chinese, Ming dynasty, about 1400, celadon ware. Wide bowl with 
foliate rim; small foot; circular hole in base underneath. Clay: 
fine-grained high-fired gray porcelain. Glaze: transparent, thick, 
grayish-green celadon. Decoration: bowl sides fluted inside and out 
to match foliation of rim; molded ornamental lotus plaque applied in 
relief inside center covering hole in base. Height: 0.126; diameter: 
0.326. 


191 


192 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


62.22. Japanese, Momoyama period (1574-1602), Shino ware (red). Shallow, 
almost flat, circular dish with slightly recessed foot. Clay: coarse 
light gray stoneware fired red on the surface. Glaze: milky, semi- 
opaque, bubbly, uneven. Decoration: bamboo sprays painted in black. 
Height: 0.022; diameter: 0.213. 

62.23. Japanese, Edo period, Kakiemon ware. Dish with fluted rim; five spur 
marks on base. Clay: white porcelain. Glaze: transparent, slightly 
bluish. Decoration: Chinese scene of two figures in a garden by a 
house, in slip relief under the glaze. Inscriptions, rim decoration, and 
fuku mark on base in underglaze blue. Height: 0.054; diameter: 
0.315. 

62.24. Japanese, Momoyama period, Shino-Oribe ware. Dish with foliate rim, 
scalloped cavetto, and low foot-rim. Clay: coarse gray stoneware. 
Glaze: buff, semiopaque, bubbly, rough. Decoration: a very sketchy 
flower in brown in center. Height: 0.032; diameter : 0.191. 

62.25. Japanese, Momoyama period, Shino ware. Dish with flaring foliate rim; 
knobs on sides; three loop feet. Clay: coarse gray stoneware. Glaze: 
grayish white; semiopaque; crackled; spur marks inside. Decoration: 
grasses in the center and a fence around cavetto painted in brown. 
Height: 0.053; diameter: 0.171. 

63.1. Japanese, Edo period, Kutani ware, 17th century. Vase, pear-shaped ; 
decorated with overglaze enamels, in red, yellow, and turquoise. 
Height : 0.256 ; diameter: 0.146. (Illustrated.) 


WOOD SCULPTURE 


62.21. Japanese, Fujiwara period, late 12th century. Miroku Bosatsu. 
Mandorla shows gilt design. Arms restored. With pedestal. Figure: 
height: 0.980; width: 0.750; depth: 0.508. Overall: height: 2.060; 
diameter: 1.140. (Illustrated.) 


REPAIRS TO THE COLLECTION 


Forty Chinese and Japanese paintings and one Persian manuscript 
were restored, repaired, or remounted by T. Sugiura, Oriental picture 
mounter. KF. A. Haentschke, illustrator, remounted 47 Persian, In- 
dian, and Arabic paintings. Repairs and regilding of three frames 
for American paintings were done outside the Gallery. Dr. F. Zach 
of Catholic University repaired and rebound one Indo-Persian 
manuscript. 

CHANGES IN EXHIBITIONS 


Changes in exhibitions amounted to 237, which were as follows: 


American art: Prints ________ 35 Japanese art: 

Chinese art: Painting 2200 eee 7 
Bronzesc2 So ei al 5 Pottery 22°22 eee 3 
TQ CQ er MME cee Cree ones) 2 Near Hastern art: 
Pr agirntiny ge ie eee 49 Glass) <2... £22 ees 67 
Pottery Vanes ea anes 12 Metalwork 222222 ees 1 
GAS eae eo A 8 Painting: ) oa aaecomeenn 27 

Christian art: Pottery.) 222 See een 5 
Manuscripts) 222 eae 14 


Stone sculpture __________ 2; 


SECRETARY’S REPORT  .- 193 


LIBRARY 


The library is principally a place for the acquisition and conserva- 
tion of books. But it is also intrinsically a place for browsing or 
study in fields of interest to the individual so that he may become a 
contemporary of all ages. During the year 909 acquisitions (other 
than slides) were added to the library; 263 of these were by purchase 
and 646 by exchange and gift. Outstanding gifts were: I/odern 
Japanese Prints, by James Michener, the gift of Mr. and Mrs. Felix 
Juda; Chinese Calligraphy and Paintings in the Collection of John M. 
Crawford, the gift of James Cahill; 265 photographs for the study 
collection, the gift of Bungaku Kenkyusho of Japan. An outstand- 
ing purchase was Hasshu gafu (the book of painting of eight varie- 
ties), a Japanese edition using the woodblocks dated 1672. 

The year’s record of cataloging included a total of 1,507 entries, 
of which 697 analytics were made and 365 new titles of books, pam- 
phlets, and scrolls were cataloged. Additions to the continuations 
of sets of books numbered 382, and 4,087 cards were added to the card 
catalog. Only 7 percent of these were available as printed cards 
from the Library of Congress; this indicates the amount of original 
cataloging in the library. 

The slide collection has continued to grow. A checklist for slides 
of the Freer collection was instituted. Acquisition of 1,329 slides 
was completed, and 3,120 slides were bound and labeled. This last 
process included the classification for filing in the slide cabinets. A 
total of 5,989 slides were lent, of which 4,764 were for the use of 
staff members in their lectures. 

There were 181 requests for bibliographic information by telephone 
and letters. In all, 766 scholars and students who were not members 
of the Freer staff used the library. Ten of these saw and studied the 
Washington Manuscripts, and three came to see the library 
installation. 

The library’s holdings of the Dewing letters were laminated by the 
Archival Restoration Associates, Inc., and it is hoped to have the 
Whistler letters laminated soon. 

Hale Lancaster Darby served as volunteer for the intern program 
for the summer. This program is to interest young people in 
museology. 

Two archival gifts of study material were transferred to the li- 
brary during this past year. The Aga-Oglu archives have been 
arranged in a file cabinet, and the Herzfeld archives remain to be 
studied and put in order. 


194 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


PUBLICATIONS 


Five publications were issued by the Gallery as follows: 


Ancient glass in the Freer Gallery of Art, by Richard Httinghausen, 44 pp. with 
99 illus., bibliography. (Smithsonian Institution Publication 4509.) 

Freer Gallery of Art. Pamphlet containing a brief history of the Gallery and 
collections, 16 pp., 8 illus., 3 plans. (Smithsonian Institution Publication 
4504.) 

Chinese Album Leaves, by James Cahill, 40 pp. with 32 illus. and descriptions, 
frontispiece. (Smithsonian Institution Publication 4476.) 

The Field of Stones, by Richard Hdwards, xxi+131 pp., 50 pls., frontispiece. 
Oriental Studies, No. 5. (Smithsonian Institution Publication 4433.) 
The Whistler Peacock Room, reprint ed. 1962, 22 pp., 9 illus., bibliography. 

(Smithsonian Institution Publication 4024, revised.) 


Publications of staff members were as follows: 


CAHILL, JAMES F. Archibald G. Wenley, 1898-1962. Artibus Asiae, vol. 25 
(1962), pp. 197-198. 

Collecting paintings in China. Arts Magazine, vol. 37 (19638), pp. 

66-72, illus. 

Concerning the I-p‘ in style of painting, by S. Shimada. Translated 

by J. Cahill. Oriental Art, n.s., vol. 8, pp. 180-137, illus. 

The Crawford collection; Chinese painting and calligraphy. Oriental 

Art, n.s., vol. 8 (1962), pp. 163-166, illus. 

Some rocks in early Chinese painting. Archives of the Chinese Art 
Society of America, vol. 16 (1962), pp. 77-87, illus. 

ETTINGHAUSEN, RicHArp. A. G. Wenley (1898-1962). Cosmos Club Bulletin, 
vol. 16, No. 2 (February 1962), p. 204, portrait. 

Arabische Malerei. Geneva, Skira, 1962. 

An early Ottoman textile. First International Congress of Turkish 

Arts, Ankara, 1959. Communications presented to the Congress. Ankara, 

1961, pp. 184-140, pls. 78-94. 

Estetica. Hnciclopedia Universale dell’Arte, vol. 5 (1962), cols. 94-95. 

The evergreen tradition of Moslem art. Art News, vol. 61 (1963), No. 

9, pp. 26-29, 55-56, illus. (part col.). 

Genere e Profane Figurazioni: Oriente. Enciclopedia Universale 

del’ Arte, vol. 5 (1962), cols. 670-671. 

Iconismo e Aniconismo: Islamismo. Enciclopedia Universale dell’ Arte, 

vol. 7 (1962), cols. 156-158. 

La Peinture Arabe. Geneva, Skira, 1962. 

Turkey: ancient miniatures. Preface by R. HEttinghausen. Green- 

wich, Conn., New York Graphic Society, 1961. 26 pp., illus., 32 col. pls. 

Turkish elements on silver objects of the Seljuk period of Iran. First 

International Congress of Turkish Arts, Ankara, 1959. Communications 

presented to the Congress, Ankara, 1961, pp. 128-1338, 32 figs. on pls. 77-87. 

Review of “A bibliography of the Architecture, Arts and Crafts of 

Islam to ist Jan. 1960,’ by K. A. C. Creswell. Journal of the American 

Oriental Society, vol. 82 (1963), pp. 395-396. 

Review of “Persian gardens and garden pavilions,’ by Donald N. 

Wilber. The Middle Hast Journal, vol. 16 (1962), pp. 546-547. 

Review of “The Seljuks in Asia Minor,” by Tamara Talbot Rice. The 

Middle East Journal, vol. 16 (1962), p. 890. 


SECRETARY'S REPORT _ 195 


GETTENS, R. J. Maya blue: an unsolved problem in ancient pigments. American 
Antiquity, vol. 27 (1962), pp. 557-564, tables. 

Minerals in art and archeology. Smithsonian Annual Report for 

1961, 1962, pp. 551-568, 8 pls. 

Tumacacori interior decorations. In collaboration with Charles R. 
Steen. Arizoniana, the Journal of Arizona History, vol. 3 (1962), pp. 
7-83, pls. 

Port, Joun A. A Chinese Buddhist pewter with a Ming date. Archives of the 
Chinese Art Society of America, vol. 16 (1962), pp. 88-91, illus. 

Review of “Archaeology in China; vol. I. Prehistoric China,’ by Cheng 

Te-k‘un. Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. 80 (1960), pp. 

82-85. 

Review of ‘Chinese and Japanese Cloisonné Enamels,” by Sir Harry 
Garner. Oriental Art, n.s., vol. 9 (1963), pp. 41-42. 

Stern, Harotp P. The Perfumed Lady, by Moronobu. Art Association of In- 
dianapolis, Herron Museum of Art Bulletin, vol. 49 (1962), pp. 4-8, illus. 
Ukiyoe paintings of Tokugawa Japan. Bulletin of the Japan Society, 

London, vol. 3, No. 36 (1962), pp. 5-11. 

Review of ‘The Folk Art of Japan,” by Hugo Munsterberg. Artibus 

Asiae, vol. 25 (1962), pp. 213-214. 

Review of “The Hokusai Sketchbook,” by James A. Michener. Artibus 
Asiae, vol. 25 (1962), pp. 219-220. 

TROUSDALE, W. B. Architectural landscapes attributed to Chao Po-chii. Ars 
Orientalis, vol. 4 (1961), pp. 11-19, illus. 

A Chinese handle-bearing mirror from Northern Afghanistan. Artibus 
Asiae, vol. 24 (1961), pp. 11-19, illus. 

WENLEY, ARcHIRALD G. A Chinese Sui dynasty mirror [with] “Note on the 
composition, fabrication and condition of this Sui dynasty mirror,” by 
Rutherford J. Gettens. Artibus Asiae, vol. 25 (1962), pp. 141-148, plates. 

West, EvisasetH H. Jade; its character and occurrence. University Museum, 
University of Pennsylvania. Hapedition, vol. 5 (1963), pp. 2-11, illus. 

A ring-mount for micro-cross-sections of paint and other materials. 

Studies in Conservation, vol. 4 (1959), pp. 27-81, illus. 


PHOTOGRAPHIC LABORATORY AND SALES DESK 


The photographic laboratory made 15,453 items during the year as 
follows: 11,072 prints, 722 negatives, 3,415 color slides, 160 black-and- 
white slides, and 84 color sheet films. At the sales desk 56,574 items 
were sold, comprising 4,727 publications and 51,847 reproductions (in- 
cluding postcards, slides, photographs, reproductions in the round, 
etc.). These figures indicate a marked increase in the work of both 
the photographic laboratory and sales desk over that of previous years. 


BUILDING AND GROUNDS 


The exterior of the building appears to be sound. The roof was 
repaired but further repairs will be necessary. The sidewalk at the 
north front of the building was replaced. The cleaning of the ex- 
terior stonework is scheduled to commence in the new fiscal year. 

Tn the interior, the structural steel in the attic is in need of paint- 
ing. A fluorescent lighting system was installed over the galleries. 


196 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


The attic heating system was altered by the installation of steam- 
heated units in the air ducts. Work continued on the maintenance 
of the bronze doors and fittings. The director’s office was partitioned, 
and decoration, with the exception of the galleries, was carried out 
wherever necessary. Floor-level sills were installed throughout the 
ground level, and the vault was replastered and painted. Panel-case 
storage was expanded, and additional fire precautions were instituted 
with the extension of the spray booth and construction of a storage 
area in the subbasement for flammable materials. The areas in need 
of repair in the auditorium are being replastered. 

The cabinet shop continued to make and repair furniture and 
equipment as the need arose. 

Seasonal plantings in the courtyard flourished, and the brick walks 
which had deteriorated were replaced. 


ATTENDANCE 


The Gallery was open to the public from 9 to 4:30 every day except 
Christmas Day. The total number of visitors to enter the main en- 
trance was 183,359. The highest monthly attendance was in August: 
31,417. 

There were 3,062 visitors who came to the Gallery office for various 
purposes—for general information, to submit objects for examina- 
tion, to consult staff members, to take photographs or sketch in the 
galleries, to use the library, to examine objects in storage, etc. 


AUDITORIUM 


The series of illustrated lectures was continued as follows: 


1962 
October 16. Dr. Michael Sullivan, University of London, England, ‘‘Real- 
ism in Chinese Art.” Attendance, 181. 
November 13. Prof. Oleg Grabar, University of Michigan, ‘‘Medieval Jeru- 
salem.” Attendance, 212. 
1968 
January 22. Prof. Donald Keene, Columbia University, “Japanese Books 
and Their Illustrations.” Attendance, 205. 
February 12. Prof. Pramod Chandra, University of Chicago, “Indian 
Painting of the Bundi School (17th and 18th Centuries) .” 
Attendance, 64. 
March 12. Dr. John A. Pope, Freer Gallery of Art, “Chinese Collec- 
tors.” Attendance, 200. 
April 16. Dr. James F. Cahill, Freer Gallery of Art, “Ytian Chiang 


and the Fantastic Landscape in China.’ Attendance, 203. 
The Smithsonian Institution used the auditorium as follows: 


1962 
July 17. Museum Service. Lecture by Dr. Werner of the British 
Museum, “New Methods in Conservation.” Attendance, 
63. 


Secretary's Report, 1963 PLATE 8 


62.21. Japanese wood sculpture, Fujiwara period, late 12th century; Miroku Bosatsu 
Freer Gallery of Art. 


Secretary's Report, 1963 PLATE 9 


landscape. 


5) 


ing, Ch‘ing dynasty, by Wang Shih-min (1592-1680), dated 1670 
Freer Gallery of Art. 


inese paint 


VY, Cin 


Secretary’s Report, 1963 


PLATE 10 


"Ay jo Arayey Jsely = *s9013 *(OS9T-O091 ‘DI “IJ) NS}eJOG BINWIOUONY Aq ‘jooyos ) 


Aljelooaq] ‘potied vurvAowoyy ‘surjuied osouvdef ‘ge*zg 


6 


Secretary's Report, 1963 PLATE 11 


63.1. Japanese pottery, Edo period, Kutani ware, 17th century; vase. Freer Gallery of Art. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 197 


July 18. Museum Service. Lecture by Dr. Werner, “Scientific Ex- 
amination in Conservation.” Attendance, 53. 
July 20. Museum Service. Public lecture by Dr. Werner, “The Sci- 


entific Examination of Paintings and Antiquities.” At- 
tendance, 170. 

August 16. Museum Service. Showing of the film, “The Salvage of 
the Warship Vasa.” For the Division of Naval History. 
Attendance, 151. 


October 5. National Air Museum conference. Attendance, 85. 
November 13. Committee on Oceanography conference. Attendance, 584. 
(Two sessions. ) 
1963 
April 24. Museum Service. Lecture by Hugh Wakefield of the Vic- 


toria and Albert Museum, London, England, ‘English 
Victorian Glass.” Attendance, 97. 
Throughout the year, outside organizations used the auditorium as 
follows: 
Washington Film Society, 15 times. Total attendance, 3,206. 
U.S. Department of Agriculture, 34 times. Total attendance, 4,846. 
U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 13 times. Total attend- 
ance, 1,416. 
The Peace Corps, once. Attendance, 151. 
The Women’s Committee of the National Symphony Orchestra, once. Attend- 
ance, 112. 
The Washington Center for Metropolitan Studies and the Washington Art Coun- 
cil, once. Attendance, 121. 
The Archaeological Institute of America, twice. Total attendance, 335. 
Fashion Group, Inc., 5 times. Total attendance, 821. 


STAFF ACTIVITIES 


The work of the staff members has been devoted to the study of new 
accessions, of objects contemplated for purchase, and of objects sub- 
mitted for examination, as well as to individual research projects in 
the fields represented by the collection of Chinese, Japanese, Persian, 
Arabic, and Indian materials. In all, 6,984 objects and 1,130 photo- 
graphs were examined, and 451 Oriental language inscriptions were 
translated for outside individuals and institutions. By request, 29 
groups totaling 786 persons met in the exhibition galleries for docent 
service by the staff members. Fourteen groups totaling 141 persons 
were given docent service by staff members in the storage rooms. 

Among the visitors were 118 distinguished foreign scholars or per- 
sons holding official positions in their own countries who came here 
under the auspices of the Department of State to study museum ad- 
ministration and practices in this country. 

During the year the technical laboratory examined the following 
objects by various methods, including microscopic and microchemical, 

707-317—63——14 


198 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet light, spectrochemical analysis, and spe- 
cific gravity determination: 


Mreert ObFECtS > Cx Ai 171 CAL ea NS es a 195 
Outside objects examined_____________________________ 53. 


These include 52 objects cleaned and/or repaired; 19 inquiries were answered 
by letter. 


The following projects were undertaken by the laboratory during 
the year: 


1. For 6 weeks in October and December 1962, Miss E. West worked at the 
Conservation Center of the Institute of Fine Arts, New York University, where 
she continued spectrochemical analyses of Chinese bronzes from the Freer 
Collection. 

2. Continued analyses by wet chemical methods of Chinese bronzes in the 
Freer Collection. 

3. Continued systematic collection of data on technology of ancient copper 
and bronze in the Far Hast. 

4. Continued studies on corrosion products of ancient metal objects. 

5. Continued editorship of IJC Abstracts published by the International In- 
stitute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works, London, England. 


By invitation, the following lectures were given outside the Gallery 
by staff members (illustrated unless otherwise noted) : 


1962 

July 138. Dr. Ettinghausen, at the International Glass Congress, 
Washington, D.C., “Ancient Glass in the Freer Gallery 
of Art.” Attendance, 45. 

September 138. Mr. Gettens, at a symposium on archeological chemistry, 
American Chemical Society, Atlantic City, N. J., ‘“‘Com- 
position of Ancient Chinese Bronze Ceremonial Vessels.” 
Attendance, 35. 


October 11. Dr. Pope, at the Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada, 
“Chinese Export Porcelain.” Attendance, 400. 

October 12. Dr. Pope, at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 
“The Civilization of Angkor.” Attendance, 40. 

October 22. Dr. Cahill, at Connecticut College, New London, Conn., 


“The Contemporary Relevance of Chinese Painting.” 
Attendance, 130. 


October 23. Dr. Cahill, at Yale University, New Haven, Conn., “Sub- 
ject and HWxpression in Chinese Painting.” Attendance, 
80. 

October 23. Dr. Ettinghausen, at the Lions Club, Vienna, Va., “Travels 
in the Hast.” Attendance, 140. 

October 24. Dr. Cahill, at the Pierpont Morgan Library, New York 


City, “Subject and Expression in Chinese and Recent 
Western Painting.” Attendance, 300. 

October 26. Dr. Ettinghausen, at the Baltimore Museum of Art, Bal- 
timore, Md., “Treasures from the Near Hast in the Freer 
Gallery of Art.” Attendance, 360. 

October 30. Dr. Pope, at the Pierpont Morgan Library, ‘‘Chinese Col- 
lectors.” Attendance, 190. 


1962 


N ovember 12. 


November 13. 
November 14. 


November 14. 


November 15. 


November 19. 


December 4. 


December 20. 


1963 
January 8. 


January 10. 


January 11. 


January 16. 


January 23. 


February 12. 


February 13. 


March 138. 


Mareh 13. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 199 


Dr. Cahiil, at the University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kans., 
“Confucian Humanism and Chinese Art.” Attendance, 
75. 

Dr. Cahill, at the University of Kansas, “The Contemporary 
Relevance of Chinese Painting.” Attendance, 250. 

Dr. Cahill, at the University of Kansas, “Subject and Ex- 
pression in Chinese Painting.” Attendance, 60. 

Mr. Gettens, at the American Chemical Society, Stam- 
ford, Conn., “Minerals in Art and Archeology.” At- 
tendance, 50. 

Dr. Httinghausen, at the Hermitage Foundation, Norfolk, 
Va., “Persian Paintings.” Attendance (lecture given 
twice), 65 and 75; total attendance, 140. 

Dr. Stern, at the Pierpont Morgan Library, “The Chinese 
Influences in Japanese Painting.” Attendance, 320. 

Dr. Ettinghausen, at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New 
York City, “Connoisseurship in Islamie Art.” Attend- 
ance, 10. 

Dr. Ettinghausen, at Asia House, New York City, “Formal- 
ism and Realism in Persian Painting.” Attendance, 325. 


Dr. Cahill, at the State University of Iowa, Iowa City, 
“Yiian Dynasty Painting” and “The Contemporary Rele- 
vance of Chinese Painting.” Attendance, respectively, 
12 and 350. 

Dr. Cahill, at the College of St. Theresa, Winona, Minn., 
“Values in Chinese Painting.’ Attendance (lecture 
given twice), 400 and 350; total attendance, 750. Also, 
“The Philosophical Background on Chinese Landscape 
Paintings.” Attendance, 15. 

Dr. Cahill, at the College of St. Theresa, “Forms and Ma- 
terials of Oriental Painting’ and “The Contemporary 
Relevance of Chinese Painting.” Attendance, respec- 
tively, 20 and 400. 

Dr. Ettinghausen, at St. Margaret’s Episcopal Church, 
Washington, D.C., “Islamic Art.” Attendance, 48. 

Dr. Pope, at the annual dinner meeting of the Board of 
Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, ‘Freer Gallery 
Research Project on Ancient Chinese Ceremonial 
Bronzes.” 

Mr. Gettens, at the Marshall Laboratory of H. I. du Pont 
de Nemours & Co., Philadelphia, Pa., “The Blue Pigments 
of Antiquity.” Attendance, 75. 

Dr. Pope, at the Japan Society, New York City, “Japanese 
Porcelain and the Dutch Trade.” Attendance, 150. 

Dr. Cahill, at the Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University, 
Cambridge, Mass., “The Contemporary Relevance of 
Chinese Painting.” Attendance, 150. 

Dr. Pope, at the National Society of the Colonial Dames of 
America, Washington, D.C., “Chinese Blue-and-white.” 
Attendance, 60. 


200 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


1963 
March 20. 


April 4. 


April 8. 


April 18. 


April 18. 


April 18. 


April 19. 


April 19. 


April 22. 


April 25. 
April 26. 


May 3. 


May 8. 


May 10. 


May 17. 


May 20. 


June 6. 


June 9. 


Dr. Stern, at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, 
Pa., “Popular Painting of Tokugawa Japan.” Attend- 
ance (lecture given twice), 55 and 200; total attendance, 
255. 

Dr. Stern, at the Seattle Art Museum, Seattle, Wash., “Pop- 
ular Painting of Tokugawa Japan.’ Attendance, 100. 

Dr. Stern, at the M. H. DeYoung Memorial Museum, San 
Francisco, Calif., “Popular Painting of Tokugawa Japan.” 
Attendance, 150. 

Dr. Stern, at the Dickson Art Center, Los Angeles, Calif., 
“Hokusai.” Attendance (lecture given twice), 200 and 
150; total attendance, 350. 

Mr. Gettens, at the Conservation Center, New York Uni- 
versity, New York City, ‘Corrosion of Ancient Copper and 
Bronze Metal Objects.” Attendance, 12. 

Dr. Ettinghausen, at Southern Illinois University, Carbon- 
dale, Ill, “Old and New Testament Subjects in Islamic 
Art.” Attendance, 95. 

Dr. Stern, at the Japan Society of Southern California, Los 
Angeles, “Popular Painting of Tokugawa Japan.” At- 
tendance, 250. 

Dr. Ettinghausen, at Southern Illinois University, “Idealism 
and Reality in Persian Miniatures.” Attendance, 55. 

Dr. Ettinghausen, at the University of Michigan, Ann 
Arbor, Mich., “Miniatures of the Safavid Period” and 
“Unpublished Persian Miniatures of the Mongol Period.” 
Attendance, respectively, 16 and 16. 

Dr. Stern, at the Chicago Art Institute, Chicago, II1., ““Popu- 
lar Painting of Tokugawa Japan.” Attendance, 75. 

Dr. Stern, at the University of Chicago, “Hokusai.” At- 
tendance, 100. 

Dr. Cahill, at the National League of American Pen Women, 
Washington, D.C., “Literary Artists of China.” At- 
tendance, 30. 

Mr. Trousdale, at the University of Michigan, Ann 
Arbor, Mich., “Central Asian Painting—Part I.” At- 
tendance, 16. 

Mr. Trousdale, at the University of Michigan, “Cen- 
tral Asia Painting—Part II.” Attendance, 16. 

Dr. Pope, at the National Museum, Stockholm, Sweden, 
“History of the Early Trade in Chinese Porcelain.” At- 
tendance, 200. 

Dr. Stern, at the Cosmos Club, Washington, D.C., “Popular 
Painting of Tokugawa Japan.” Attendance, 250. 

Miss HE. H. West, at the annual meeting of the International 
Institute for Conservation—American Group, Institute of 
Fine Arts, New York University, ‘The Alteration of 
Early Chinese Jades.” Attendance, 75. 

Dr. Stern, at the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., 
“Innovations in Japanese Art.” Attendance, 250. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 201 


Members of the staff traveled outside Washington on official 
business as follows: 


1962 
July 18. 


July 16. 


July 20. 


August 8-5. 


August 8. 


August 10-11. 


August 13-14. 


August 24. 


September 7-9. 


September 12-14. 


September 25. 
September 26. 


October 2-5. 


Dr. Stern, in New York City, met with representatives of 
Shorewood Press to discuss reproductions of Freer Gal- 
lery objects to be used in a forthcoming book on draw- 
ings. Hxamined objects at various dealers. 

Dr, Ettinghausen, in Corning, N.Y., attended meetings of 
the Sixth International Congress on Glass at the Corning 
Glass Center. 

Dr. Ettinghausen, in New York City, examined objects at 
several dealers. 

Dr. Stern, in New York City, attended a meeting at the 
Japan Society re: Restorer Training Program. Met with 
a representative of Shorewood Press to discuss overruns, 
prints, and quality control of reproductions of Freer 
objects. Attended the exhibition of Rockefeller por- 
celains at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. 

Miss E. H. West, in Philadelphia, Pa., visited the University 
Museum where she examined jades in the collection and 
helped plan a jade exhibition to be shown during the 
winter. 

Dr. Stern, in New York City, attended a meeting at Asia 
House re: Japanese Government Loan Exhibition (1965). 
Met with Prof. Donald Keene of Columbia University 
regarding his lecture to be given at the Freer Gallery in 
January 1968. 

Dr. Cahill, in Toronto, Canada, visited the Royal Ontario 
Museum, where he examined objects in storage and in 
a private collection. 

Mr. Gettens, at the Walters Art Gallery, Baltimore, Md., 
examined miscellaneous objects for the purpose of mak- 
ing a selection for color photography. 

Dr. Cahill, in New York City, attended the Rockefeller 
exhibition of Chinese porcelains and the Fabergé collec- 
tion at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Also examined 
Far Eastern objects at several dealers. 

Mr. Gettens and Miss E. H. West, at Atlantic City, N.J., 
attended a symposium on Archeological Chemistry spon- 
sored by the American Chemical Society. 

Dr. Ettinghausen, in Winchester, Va., examined objects in 
a private collection. 

Dr. Pope, at the Baltimore Museum of Art, examined 
objects offered to the Museum. 

Dr. Cahill, at the Pierpont Morgan Library in New York 
City, attended the opening of the exhibition of John M. 
Crawford, Jr.’s collection of Chinese paintings. Served 
as chairman of a conference on Chinese painting held at 
Asia House. Attended a lecture by Dr. Michael Sullivan 
at the Institute of Fine Arts, New York University. 
Examined objects which were to be auctioned at the 
Parke-Bernet Galleries. 


202 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


1962 
October 11-14. 


October 12-14. 


October 17-18. 


October 17-20. 


October 26-— 
December 4. 


November 8-9. 


November 9-16. 


November 13-15. 


November 15-16. 


November 17-20. 


November 18-21. 


November 29-30. 


December 4. 


Dr. Pope, in Toronto, Canada, examined Chinese porcelains 
at the Royal Ontario Museum, and in several private 
collections. 

Mr. Gettens, in Toronto, Canada, visited the Royal Ontario 
Museum, where he made a technical examination of a 
number of objects and conferred with staff members. 

Dr. Cahill, in New York City, attended a lecture by Prof. 
Max Loehr of the Fogg Art Museum at the Pierpont 
Morgan Library. 

Dr. Stern, in New York City, saw the Crawford collection 
at the Pierpont Morgan Library. Discussed publication 
problems with representatives of Shorewood Press. 
Discussed the Restorer Program with Mrs. John D. 
Rockefeller III, Douglas Overton, and Kojiro Tomita. 
Examined a newly damaged Chinese painting at Rocke- 
feller Center. Hxamined numerous objects at several 
dealers. 

Miss E. H. West conducted research at the Conservation 
Center, Institute of Fine Arts, New York University, New 
York City. 

Dr. Ettinghausen, in New York City, examined numerous 
objects at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Assisted in 
giving a doctoral examination at Columbia University. 

Dr. Cahill, at the University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kans., 
gave seven informal talks to classes, and an interview on 
the university radio station. In Kansas City, Mo., ex- 
amined the Nii Wa Chai collection of Chinese paintings at 
the William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art and also ex- 
amined a number of Far Hastern objects at the Uni- 
versity of Kansas Art Museum. 

Mr. Gettens, in New York City, visited the Kapp & Strobel 
Ivory Works and the New York University Conservation 
Center. In Stamford, Conn., attended a meeting of the 
Western Connecticut Section of the American Chemical 
Society. In Philadelphia, visited the University Museum 
to study sculpture in connection with his study of ‘“Min- 
erals in Art and Archeology.” 

Dr. Ettinghausen, in Norfolk, Va., examined objects at the 
Norfolk Museum, and visited the Hermitage Foundation. 

Dr. Stern, in New York City, met with Prof. Donald Keene 
of Columbia University concerning the latter’s forthecom- 
ing lecture at the Freer Gallery. Examined numerous ob- 
jects at several dealers. 

Dr. Ettinghausen, in Cambridge, Mass., examined objects 
at the Fogg Art Museum, and in several private collec- 
tions. In Dublin, N.H., examined the Ray Winfield 
Smith collection of Near Eastern glass. 

Mr. Gettens, in Philadelphia, attended the opening of the 
Chinese Jade Exhibition at the University Museum. Hx- 
amined objects at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, where 
he also took samples from several pewter objects. 

Mr. Gettens and Mr. Schwartz, at the Walters Art Gallery, 
examined and photographed numerous objects. 


1962 
December 2-5. 


December 4-6. 


December 12-13. 


December 12-14. 


December 26. 
December 31. 


1963 
January 9. 


January 12. 


January 23-24. 


January 24-25. 


January 24-25. 


February 1. 


February 1-2. 


February 1-2. 


February 1-4. 


February 4. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 203 


Dr. Pope, with Dr. Osvald Sirén of Stockholm, Sweden, 
went to Mount Kisco, N.Y., to examine objects in the col- 
lection of Mrs. Eugene Meyer. In New York City, exam- 
ined numerous objects at several dealers. 

Dr. Httinghausen, in New York City, assisted in giving a 
doctoral examination at Columbia University and exam- 
ined objects at several dealers. In Philadelphia, visited 
with Prof. 8. D. Goitein at the University of Pennsylvania. 

William B. Trousdale, at the University Museum in Phila- 
delphia, examined objects in the Chinese Jade Exhibition. 

Dr. Cahill, in Philadelphia, visited the Chinese Jade Ex- 
hibition at the University Museum. In New York City, 
attended the opening of the exhibition of Persian Paint- 
ing at Asia House and examined objects at several 
dealers. 

Dr. Ettinghausen, in Baltimore, attended a luncheon meet- 
ing at the Walters Art Gallery. 

Dr. Stern, in New York City, examined numerous objects 
at several dealers. 


Dr. Cahill, in Minneapolis, Minn., examined Chinese ob- 
jects in the Minneapolis Institute of Art. 

Dr. Cahill, in Chicago, saw the Chinese exhibitions at the 
Field Museum of Natural History and examined various 
Chinese and Japanese objects at the Art Institute of 
Chicago. 

Mr. Trousdale, at the University Museum in Phila- 
delphia, arranged for the photographing of Chinese jades 
selected from the current exhibition, for a review to ap- 
pear in Oriental Art. 

Dr. Pope, in Baltimore, attended a meeting of the board of 
directors, and the annual meeting of the College Art 
Association. 

Dr. Httinghausen, in Baltimore, attended the annual meet- 
ing of the College Art Association. 

Martin P. Amt returned to a dealer in New York City two 
objects that had been under consideration at the Freer 
Gallery of Art. 

Mr. Gettens, in New York City, attended a symposium on 
“Teaching Microscopy” under the auspices of the New 
York Microscopical Society at the American Museum of 
Natural History. Examined objects at the Metropolitan 
Museum of Art, and at a dealer. 

Dr. Ettinghausen, in New York City, attended the exhibi- 
tion of Persian Painting at Asia House and examined ob- 
jects at several dealers. 

Dr. Pope, in New York City, served as chairman of 
A.C.L.S.-S.S.R.C. Joint Committee for Grants on Asia 
and examined objects at a dealer. 

Mr. Trousdale, at the University Museum in Phila- 
delphia, measured and oversaw the photographing of 
Chinese jades for a review of the exhibition for Oriental 
Art. 


204 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


1968 
February 4. 


February 14-15. 


February 15-16. 


February 20-28. 


February 26-27. 
March 1. 


March 14. 


March 14-15. 


March 16. 
March 20. 
March 26. 
March 26. 
March 29. 


March 29-May 6. 


Miss E. H. West, at the University Museum in Philadelphia, 
examined and took samples from objects in the Chinese 
Jade Exhibition. 

Dr. Pope, in New York City, examined objects at several 
dealers. In New Haven, Conn., examined Chinese ob- 
jects at the Yale University Art Gallery and, in Middle- 
town, Conn., a large number of Japanese tsuba at the 
Davidson Art Center, Wesleyan University. 

Dr. Ettinghausen, in New York City, examined Near Hastern 
objects at several dealers. 

Dr. Stern, in New York City, attended the opening of the 
Tea Taste in Japanese Art Exhibition at Asia House. 
Examined numerous objects belonging to several dealers 
and one private collector. 

Dr. Pope, at the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio, 
examined numerous objects and photographs. 

Dr. Ettinghausen, in New York City, examined objects at 
several dealers and one private collector. 

Dr. Cahill, in New York City, examined objects at several 
dealers, and attended the Tea Taste in Japanese Art Ex- 
hibition at Asia House. 

Dr. Pope, in New York City, attended the Tea Taste in 
Japanese Art Exhibition at Asia House and examined 
objects at several dealers. 

Dr. Ettinghausen, in New York City, examined objects at 
several dealers. 

Dr. Stern, at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, examined 
numerous Far Eastern objects. 

Dr. Pope, in Philadelphia, attended the Founders’ luncheon 
meeting of the Association for Asian Studies. 

Dr. Stern, in New York City, discussed publishing problems. 
with representatives of Shorewood Press. 

Dr. Ettinghausen, in New York City, examined objects at 
several dealers. 

Dr. Stern, in Seattle, Wash., visited the Seattle Art Museum, 
where he studied the Far Eastern collection. In San 
Francisco, Calif., studied the collections at the M. H. 
DeYoung Memorial Museum, and examined objects for 
several individual collectors. In Los Angeles, Calif., 
studied the collections at the Los Angeles County 
Museum, and examined objects for several individual col- 
lectors. In Kansas City, Mo., examined Japanese objects 
at the William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art, and for an 
individual collector. In Chicago, IIll., visited the Art 
Institute of Chicago to see the exhibitions and study 
Japanese objects in storage. In Cleveland, Ohio, visited 
the Cleveland Museum of Art to see the exhibitions and 
study Japanese and Chinese objects in the collection, and 
examined objects in a private collection. In New York 
City, met with the publisher of Shorewood Press and 
examined objects at a dealer. 


1963 
April 18. 


April 238. 
April 27. 


April 29. 


May 10-11. 


May 22-24. 


June 5-12. 


June 6-7. 


June 13-14. 


June 17. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 205 


Mr. Gettens, in New York City, examined objects at the 
Metropolitan Museum of Art and at one dealer. 

Dr. Ettinghausen, at the Cleveland Museum of Art, exam- 
ined Sasanian silver and Indian miniatures. 

Dr. Ettinghausen, in New York City, examined Persian and 
Sasanian objects at several dealers. 

Dr. Pope left to attend the opening of the Museum of Far 
Eastern Antiquities in Stockholm, Sweden, and to study 
collections elsewhere in Europe; to return in July. 

Dr. Ettinghausen, in New York City, met with Mr. N. 
Pevsner, publisher of the Pelican History of Art, and 
examined objects at several dealers. 

Mrs. L. O. West and Mrs. M. H. Quail attended the annual 
meeting of the Museum Stores Association at the Minne- 
apolis Institute of Arts and the Walker Art Center, 
Minneapolis, Minn. 

Mr. Gettens, in New York City, attended meetings of the 
American Group of the International Institute for Con- 
servation of Museum Objects at the Institute of Fine 
Arts, New York University. He also attended a meeting 
of the Board of Consulting Fellows of the New York 
University Conservation Center. Visited the New York 
Public Library for reference material, and the American 
Museum of Natural History in search of minerals in art. 
Examined a number of photographs of ancient Chinese 
bronzes belonging to the Royal Ontario Museum and 
examined several objects at a dealer in order to acquire 
pigment samples. 

Miss E. H. West, in New York City, attended the annual 
meetings of the American Group of the International 
Institute for Conservation of Museum Objects at the Insti- 
tute of Fine Arts, New York University. 

Dr. Stern, in New York City, attended the Buddha Image 
Exhibition at Asia House, met with a representative of 
McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., concerning publication prob- 
lems, and examined numerous objects at several dealers. 

Mr. Trousdale left for the Far Hast and Europe to 
give lectures and do research. He will return in October. 


As in former years, members of the staff undertook a wide variety 
of peripheral duties outside the Gallery, served on committees, held 
honorary posts, and received recognitions. 

Respectfully submitted. 


JoHN A. Porsr, Director. 


Dr. Lronarp CARMICHAEL, 
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. 


Report on the National Gallery of Art 


Sir: I have the honor to submit, on behalf of the Board of Trustees, 
the 26th annual report of the National Gallery of Art, for the fiscal 
year ended June 30, 1963. This report is made pursuant to the pro- 
visions of section 5(d) of Public Resolution No. 14, 75th Congress, 
Ist session, approved March 24, 1937 (50 Stat. 51). 


ORGANIZATION 


The statutory members of the Board of Trustees of the National 
Gallery of Art are the Chief Justice of the United States, the Secre- 
tary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, and the Secretary of the 
Smithsonian Institution, ex officio. The three general trustees con- 
tinuing in office during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1963, were Paul 
Mellon, John Hay Whitney, and John N. Irwin II. Chester Dale, 
who had been a general trustee since 1943 and president since 1955, 
died on December 16, 1962. Rush H. Kress, who had been a general 
trustee since 1955, died on March 22, 1963. On January 25, 1963, Paul 
Mellon was elected by the Board of Trustees to serve as president of 
the Gallery and John Hay Whitney was elected vice president. 

The executive officers of the Gallery as of June 30, 1963, were as 
follows: 


Harl Warren, Chief Justice of the John Walker, Director. 


United States, Chairman. Ernest R. Feidler, Administrator. 
Paul Mellon, President. Huntington Cairns, General Counsel. 
John Hay Whitney, Vice President. Perry B. Cott, Chief Curator. 


Huntington Cairns, Secretary-Treasurer. 


The three standing committees of the Board, as constituted at the 
annual meeting on May 2, 1963, were as follows: 


EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 


Chief Justice of the United States, John Hay Whitney. 
Earl Warren, Chairman. Jobn N. Irwin II. 
Paul Mellon, Vice Chairman. 
Secretary of the Smithsonian Institu- 
tion, Leonard Carmichael. 
FINANCE COMMITTEE 


Secretary of the Treasury, C. Doug- John Hay Whitney. 
las Dillon, Chairman. John N. Irwin II. 
Paul Mellon. 
Secretary of the Smithsonian Institu- 
tion, Leonard Carmichael. 


206 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 207 


ACQUISITIONS COMMITTEE 


Paul Mellon, Chairman. John N. Irwin II. 
John Hay Whitney. John Walker. 
PERSONNEL 


At the close of fiscal year 1963, full-time Government employees 
on the staff of the National Gallery of Art numbered 301. The U.S. 
Civil Service regulations govern the appointment of employees paid 
from appropriated public funds. 

Continued emphasis was given to the training of employees under 
the Government Employees Training Act. 


APPROPRIATIONS 


For the fiscal year ended June 30, 1968, the Congress of the United 
States in the regular annual appropriation and a supplemental ap- 
propriation required for pay increases under Public Law 87-793, 
approved October 11, 1962, provided $2,113,850 to be used for salaries 
and expenses in the operation and upkeep of the National Gallery of 
Art, the protection and care of works of art acquired by the Board of 
Trustees, and all administrative expenses incident thereto, as au- 
thorized by joint resolution of Congress approved March 24, 1937 
(20 U.S.C. 71-75, 50 Stat. 51). 


The following expenditures and encumbrances were incurred: 


Personnel compensation and benefits_________________--__--_-- $1, 760, 670. 00 

PAMIILGETO ts} rezmpl GT See ea a ee Ie 350, 099. 34 

Wnobligated@baillamce 22 fiji sel ey Ne a ee 3, 080. 66 

TSC (rep) nim eee a ss urge PN Ne wile (EN Saal oe a oe EL 2, 118, 850. 00 
ATTENDANCE 


There were 1,793,500 visitors to the Gallery during the fiscal year 
1963, an increase of 460,994 over the total attendance of 1,332,506 
reported for fiscal year 1962. The daily average number of visitors 
was 4,941. This increase was in large measure due to the exhibition, 
for a period of 27 days, of the Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci. 
During that period 518,525 persons viewed the painting and total at- 
tendance was 673,872. 


ACCESSIONS 


There were 1,206 accessions by the National Gallery of Art as gifts, 
loans, or deposits during the fiscal year. 


208 


GIFTS 


ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


During the year the following gifts or bequests were accepted by 


the Board of Trustees: 


Donor 
George Mathew Adams, 
New York, N.Y. 


Mrs. Mellon Bruce, New 
York, N.Y. 

Miss Alice Dodge, Wash- 
ington, D.C. 

Mrs. Peter H. B. Freling- 
huysen, Convent Station, 
N.J. 


Mrs. Olga Roosevelt 
Graves, Washington, 
D.C. 

National Gallery of Art 
Purchase Fund, Andrew 
W. Mellon Gift. 


Frederick C. Oechsner, 
Washington, D.C. 


George Matthew Adams, 
New York, N.Y. 

The Ford Foundation, 
New York, N.Y. 

Mrs. James McBey, 
London, England. 

Frederick C. Oechsner, 
Washington, D.C. 

Lessing J. Rosenwald, 
Jenkintown, Pa. 


William H. Schab, New 
York, N.Y. 

W. G. Wendell, Hartford, 
Conn. 


PAINTINGS 


Artist 


Orazio Gentileschi-_- 
Inness ec G ee pie 


Goya hee as ae 


SCULPTURE 


German School, 20th 


James McBey__-_--- 


Kollwaita. 2222222. 


van Meckenem__-_-_-_ 

Swiss, 15th Century 
Woodcut. 

Stow Wengenroth_- 


OTHER GIFTS 


Title 
Hempstead Heath. 


A Lady with a White Collar 
and Cap. 

The Lute Player. 

Lake Albano, Sunset. 

The Bookseller. 


Duke of Wellington. 
Miss Grace Woodhouse. 


Joris W. Vezeler. 


Margaretha Boghe, Wife of 
Joris W. Vezeler. 


Death Mask of Ernst Bar- 
lach. 


Three drawings and 22 prints. 


Picnic on the Beach. 

Eleven etchings. 

Riot. 

The Beautiful Virgin of 
Ratisbon. 


The Nativity. 


The Crucifixion with the 
Virgin and St. John. 


Jacob Wendell House, Ports- 


mouth, N.H. 


Warner House, Portsmouth, 


N. H. 


In the fiscal year 1963 gifts of money were made by the Old 
Dominion Foundation, the A. W. Mellon Educational and Charitable 
Trust, Avalon Foundation, Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, Andre 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 209 


| Meyer, Mr. and Mrs. Howard Jensen, the Washington Post Co., 
and the Eugene and Agnes Meyer Foundation. An additional dis- 
tribution was received from the estate of William Nelson Cromwell. 
Mrs. Mellon Bruce gave money and securities to establish the Ailsa 
Mellon Bruce Fund to be used by the Trustees for the purchase of 
works of art for the National Gallery of Art and for educational 
purposes related to works of art. 


WORKS OF ART ON LOAN 


The following works of art were received on loan by the Gallery: 


From Artist Title 
Chester Dale, New York, N.Y. Bellows-_--_------- Blue Morning. 
Dee ee NUL Moneta. 2. eae The Seine at Giverny. 
Mrs. Charles R. Henschel, -___do___________- Still Life: Game. 
New York, N.Y. 
Mr. and Mrs. David Lloyd Bonnard_-_-_--____-_- Le Jardin de Bosquet. 
Kreeger, Washington, 
D.C. 
DD) opera e Un Te LL VanyiGogh=sase2= ss Vase of Flowers. 
1D Yo) eicoieh ee Ae epee Mione tees eae Varengeville. 
18) MRE ee Se tS PICASSO Ses even Café de la Rotonde. 
DOME SHON aS Redonuias55. 88s se Au Fond de la Mer. 
ID) Oe ees AM CONE ReGnO ire eee Bather. 
Mrs. Eugene E. Meyer, Dufresne _________- Still Life. 
Washington, D.C. 
JDO) Sie Se ae A Renoirme saan Nude. 
IDG) Se eae Se Oe ee Man Lying on a Sofa. 


WORKS OF ART ON LOAN RETURNED 


The following works of art on loan were returned during the fiscal 
year: 


To Artist Title 
MrusteesstorshHarvard Unie 2225552 ee 547 objects of Pre-Colum- 
versity (Robert Woods bian art. 
Bliss Collection), Wash- 
ington, D.C. 
Mrs. Charles R. Henschel, Monet------------ Still Life: Game. 
New York, N.Y. 
Mr. and Mrs. David Lloyd Bonnard---------- Le Jardin de Bosquet. 
Kreeger, Washington, 
D.C. 
He) QP Rn een Pe ofS Vani Gogh saan nen Vase of Flowers. 
1D) eens Se Mone tae ae Varengeville. 
118) Ore RAST Fh eas IPiGassOsee eee eee Café de la Rotonde. 
ID XO) peach eel OR neh a ible Redon sea) oe Au Fond de la Mer. 
IDOE ae ae Renin sass ene Bather. 
Mrs. Eugene E. Meyer, Dufresne---__------ Still Life. 
Washington, D.C. 
DOR Fe YS 98 Renoirss=s= ae Nude. 


TD YG) ah a eit Eo ee ene aaa ee IEG (0) he er ggg er Man Lying on a Sofa. 


210 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


WORKS OF ART LENT 


The American Federation of Arts, New York, N.Y., circulated 
the following works of art during the fiscal year to the Municipal 
Art Gallery, Los Angeles, Calif.; M. H. De Young Memorial Museum, 
San Francisco, Calif.; Atlanta Art Association, Ga.; Virginia Museum 
of Fine Arts, Richmond; Cincinnati Art Museum, Ohio; Carnegie 
Institute, Pittsburgh, Pa., and the Dallas Museum of Fine Arts, 


Texas: 
To Artist Title 
American Federation of Joseph Badger__-_-_- Mrs. Isaac Foster. 
Arts, New York, N.Y. 
| Dove bene ree ee, Se John Bradley - ~~ -_-- Little Girl in Lavender. 
SD Foynysy Abd TR aaa er aa Bundy.cs oe 22s Vermont Lawyer. 
|B Yo a uSheatrae Na srt) Ue nL Deg eee ee Ce Family Portrait. 
1B Yo ysis AUS ML Raia Sst Elfofmann i 222.2205 Berks County Almshouse. 
AD Koy chun ry tgp ah a inton (Park? s\sn0s3 Flax Scutching Bee. 
VO foo Rite NEN tour a NN aay Susanne Walters_._. Memorial to Nicholas M. S. 
Catlin. 
1 Boye see ck ee SCR Unknown__--------_ Jonathan Benham. 
ADE) es OG nla by ea BCS Ko Ya ve 2 The Start of the Hunt. 
Bo yen tira siete aS Ce A a RC] @ ENE Seely sh The End of the Hunt. 
DDG PE tele fas ae a peed AS seat O KO VE aiapee etre ay a5 The Sargent Family. 
1 B Xow ee Vane es PUM NE De ANU 6 Ka Vleet me ge PHS Alice Slade. 
Doe Se aen ci Wipe cob SMEs (oe eae eyez Ss Joseph Slade. 
UPD) BRS ey he SRT ESpaN SEG GY) siren et aay pe General Washington on 
White Charger. 
NB Yop pane coe ea ag PALS Keds Ae eae) nS sea Blue Eyes. 
Dai et UE NN TE 080 WG Nese GY as NN 8 The Hobby Horse. 
Bo aSpapeioete aA tS ald BE Pe Oita eae nS ep Mahantango Valley Farm. 
1 Xess gaaa 0 I 2h ei MNCL EN stead VES RN Civil War Battle Scene. 
Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Field______-______- Ark of the Covenant. 
Folk Art Collection, 
Williamsburg, Va. 
Colby College, Waterville, Unknown_______-_-- Burning of Old South 
Maine. Church, Bath, Maine. 
The Jewish Museum, New C. E. B___-------- Moses Rescued from the 
York, N.Y. Bulrushes. 
North Carolina Museum of British School____-_- Pocahontas. 


Art, Raleigh, N.C. 


UB Yop tasty ico sk igure lO A Pealeny ose Me General William Moultrie. 

1 Xo es a ss SON oes a a SS Gurars Gee aa ee Mrs. Richard Yates. 

1D Yo Wa aa ea Lesa Rae (he Us ies eee cares Isaac Motte. 
Oklahoma Art Center, Healy_______-_----_- Daniel Webster. 

Oklahoma City, Okla. 

Dolo kaah bors Henrics eee beat Catherine. 

Do chee eh: as cea lee Ry dersvic: fie wh lds Mending the Harness. 

De a Sn Ae Sargemta 2 eo alae Repose. 

dD Yo ac ae ag ss Uc PSHE EEY ey cael a George Washington. 

DON a Wise eee S Ul hye ieee Andrew Jackson. 

BD Lo eae a ee eae Ss YAS) li gaan ain PA The Barnyard. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT ; 211 


To Artist Title 
Storm Kans ArtiiCenter, EHlomers2 2) 2s Hound and Hunter. 
Mountainville, N.Y. 
Historical Society of Talbot Unknown_______-__- At the Writing Table. 
County, Md. 
HD) OPN ese oe ee a fe Bee LO Seen pie cree 2 Boy in Blue Coat. 
IDO ee eae ee HO | Oia ay oe hee Burning of Old South 
Church, Bath, Maine. 
VD YO hs a Be a a SWRCR CO Mate Nek ahi Ih Civil War Battle Scene. 
IDOL See sea = a ARES GL Qu hy) 2 eye Columbia. 
1D YG) 2 ee Re a ee BaD BAG Ko ene eat ae Ya Mount Vernon, 
EID) mantel hs a ING TINE VoytG nuked eget The Trotter. 
JD Yo oh a ice a eat ae AL GO) Wee A Twenty-two Houses and a 
Church. 
IDG eS ee gts NOV) aM OEE Village py the River. 
HTB) eee Sk Ny ESIC O Cea oh ag ee de ‘We go for the Union.”’ 
DDO eee eit ae ea Ho hmannee aes View of Benjamin Reber’s 
Farm. 
DOG yy 2 a Johnstoneqes samuel The Westwood Children. 
Virginia Museum of Fine Toole__________--_- Skating Scene. 
Arts, Richmond, Va. 
Washington County Mu- Healy_________-__- Abraham Lincoln. 


seum of Fine Arts, 
Hagerstown, Md. 


The White House, Wash- Lamb____________- “Emancipation Proclama- 
ington, D.C. tion.” 
Woodlawn Plantation, Polk. 2220 4.52222- Washington at the Battle of 
Mount Vernon, Va. Princeton. 
EXHIBITIONS 


The following exhibitions were held at the National Gallery of 
Art during the fiscal year 1963 : 


Exhibition of the Collection of Mr. and Mrs, Andre Meyer. Continued from 
previous fiscal year through July 8, 1962. 

Prints with Color. From the Rosenwald Collection. Continued from previous 
fiscal year through August 23, 1962. 

Lithographs by George Bellows. From the Mellon, Rosenwald, and Addie Burr 
Clark Memorial collections. Continued from previous fiscal year through 
October 16, 1962. 

Water Colors by Winslow Homer from the Collection of Mrs. Charles R. 
Henschel. July 6 through September 12, 1962. 

Etchings and Lithographs by Edouard Manet. From the Rosenwald Collec- 
tion. August 24 through December 13, 1962. 

A General Selection of Material from the Index of American Design. Septem- 
ber 21, 1962, to continue into the next fiscal year. 

American Prints Today-1962. Sponsored by the Print Council of America. 
September 23 through October 14, 1962. 

Drawings from the National Gallery of Art collections. October 27, 1962, through 
March 17, 1968. 

Etchings by G. B. Tiepolo, G. D. Tiepolo, and Canaletio. From the Rosenwald 
Collection. October 27, 1962, through June 11, 1963. 

Old Master Drawings from Chatsworth. From the Devonshire Collection. 
October 28 through November 25, 1962. 


212 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


A Selection of Christmas Prints. From the National Gallery of Art collections. 
December 14, 1962, through February 26, 1963. 

John Gadsby Chapman, A Retrospective Exhibition. From 21 public collections 
and private lenders. December 16, 1962, through January 13, 1963. 

Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci. Lent to the President of the United States 
and the American people by the Government of the French Republic. Janu- 
ary 8 through February 38, 1968. 

Jacques Callot: A Selection of Prints from the Collections of Rudolf L. Baumfeld 
and Lessing J. Rosenwald. February 3 through March 17, 1963. 

Hercules and the Hydra and Hercules and Antaeus by Antonio del Pollaiuolo. 
Lent by the Republic of Italy. February 4 through February 10, 1963. 

Industry and Ingenuity. From the Index of American Design. February 27 
through May 2, 1963. 

Landscape Prints. From the Rosenwald Collection. May 2, 19638, to continue 
into the next fiscal year. 

Prints and Drawings by Mary Cassatt. From the Rosenwald Collection. June 
13, 1963, to continue into the next fiscal year. 

Exhibitions of recent accessions. ‘Oysters’ by Manet, continued from previous 
fiscal year through August 9, 1962; “Street in Venice” by Sargent, August 10 
through September 13, 1962; “Duke of Wellington” by Goya, November 19 
through December 27, 1962; “The Lute Player” by Gentileschi, April 5 through 
May 13, 1963; “Joris W. Vezeler” and “Margaretha Boghe, Wife of Joris W. 
Vezeler” by Joos van Cleve, June 21, 1963, to continue into the next fiscal year. 


TRAVELING EXHIBITIONS 


Special exhibitions of graphic arts from the National Gallery of 
Art collections were circulated during the fiscal year to 29 museums, 
universities, schools, and art centers in the United States and abroad. 
Index of American Design.—Forty-eight exhibitions (2,104 plates) of material 


from the Index were circulated to 18 States, the District of Columbia, and to 
Bath, England. 


CURATORIAL ACTIVITIES 


Under the direction of Dr. Perry B. Cott, chief curator, the cura- 
torial department accessioned 53 gifts to the Gallery during the fiscal 
year 1963. Advice was given with respect to 1,716 works of art 
brought to the Gallery for expert opinion and 25 visits to collections 
were made by members of the staff in connection with offers of gifts. 
About 4,350 inquiries, many of them requiring research, were answered 
verbally and by letter. 

Dr. Hereward Lester Cooke, curator of painting, acted as consultant 
to National Aeronautics and Space Administration with duties of 
organizing and supervising commissions to artists for paintings of 
themes relating to the space program. 

Dr. Katharine Shepard, assistant curator of graphic arts, gave a 
graduate course in “Ancient Sculpture” the first semester and a grad- 
uate course in “Ancient Painting” the second semester, at Catholic 
University, during the past academic year. 


PLATE 12 


Secretary's Report, 1963 


ac ayTS) UO] “™ MoIp 


“UV ‘puny gseyoIngd Aly fo Alo[eg [BeUOolye Ny *“TD[IZI A “Vyie) UOTpIfy “M MoIpuy ‘puny sseyoInd JV 


"M SHIOf JO ofA ‘oysog vyjoreSieyl saa] uea soof jo Aloe [RUCeNY “19pPZIA “MA SMOfL :aAo[Q uvA soot 


“HOMIE ONG ‘T Hd ‘sayy fo ‘uasAnysulfoly ‘G Hd ‘IN 
YI) “Wy fo Atayfey [euonenN “uowwuryjapy jo eng ey, :vAorn JO UIQ wy fo Arayes [BuOHeN] “de[[esyoog ayy, :eAog 


fon) 
so 
x 
a 
3 
QO. 
o 
[a 
af 
> 
- 
oS 
s 
o 
» 
=) 
vo 
n 


Secretary’s Report, 1963 PLATE 14 


Gentileschi: The Lute Player. National Gallery of Art. Gift of Mrs. Mellon Bruce. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 213 


The Richter Archives received and cataloged over 133 photographs 
on exchange from museums here and abroad; 987 photographs were 
purchased and about 1,000 reproductions have been added to the 
archives. The Iconographical Index was increased by 500 photo- 
graphs. 

RESTORATION 


Francis Sullivan, resident restorer of the Gallery, made regular and 
systematic inspection of all works of art in the Gallery and on loan to 
Government buildings in Washington, and periodically removed dust 
and bloom as required. He relined, cleaned, and restored 11 paintings 
and gave special treatment to 29. Twenty-seven paintings were 
X-rayed as an aid in research. Experiments were continued with 
synthetic materials suggested by the National Gallery of Art Fellow- 
ship at the Mellon Institute of Industrial Research, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
Technical advice on the conservation of paintings was furnished to 
the public upon request. Special treatment was given to works of 
art belonging to Government agencies, including the U.S. Capitol, 
Treasury, Supreme Court, Army Medical Museum, and General Serv- 
ices Administration. In other instances advice was furnished the 
various agencies concerning the care and conservation of paintings. 

Mr. Sullivan made trips to various cities in connection with the loan 
of paintings to the Gallery for special exhibitions. He also made a 
trip to Los Angeles as a special representative of the Department of 
Justice in connection with the recovery of two paintings belonging to 
the Uffizi Gallery, Florence, Italy. 


PUBLICATIONS 


Dr. Cott wrote the foreword to the National Gallery of Art and tts 
Collections, a booklet reproducing 40 paintings in the Gallery’s col- 
lections. 

William P. Campbell, assistant chief curator, wrote the catalogs 
for the Winslow Homer Water Color exhibition from the collection of 
Mrs. Charles R. Henschel and the John Gadsby Chapman exhibition. 

Dr. Cooke wrote an article for the National Geographic Magazine, 
September 1962 issue, entitled “Early America as Seen by Her Native 
Artists” based on the collection of Edgar W. and Bernice Chrysler 
Garbisch. He also wrote the text for 16 National Gallery leaflets. 

Mrs. Mary Elizabeth C. Burnet, museum curator, assisted in the 
preparation of the catalogs of the Winslow Homer Water Color ex- 
hibition and the John Gadsby Chapman exhibition. She also worked 
on the proposed Check List of American Paintings in the National 
Gallery of Art. 


707-317—63—_15, 


214 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


PUBLICATIONS FUND 


During the fiscal year 1963 the Publications Fund placed on sale 
four new books: 7'reasures from the National Gallery of Art, edited 
by Huntington Cairns and John Walker, the third in a series of large 
books containing 85 color reproductions of paintings in the National 
Gallery of Art collection; Zhe Hternal Present: The Beginnings of 
Art by Sigfried Giedion, the A. W. Mellon Lecturer in the Fine Arts 
for 1957; Prints compiled by Carl Zigrosser, with an introduction by 
Lessing J. Rosenwald; and One Hundred and One Masterpieces of 
American Primitive Painting, with preface by John Walker. An 
English translation of Dr. Perry B. Cott’s section on the National 
Gallery of Art in Paintings of the World’s Great Galleries was made 
available, together with five new catalogs of temporary exhibitions: 
Water Colors by Winslow Homer from the Collection of Mrs. Charles 
Rk. Henschel; American Prints Today, 1962; Old Master Drawings 
from Chatsworth; John Gadsby Chapman—American Painter and 
Illustrator; and Jacques Callot—A Selection of Prints from the Col- 
lections of Rudolf L. Baumfeld and Lessing J. Rosenwald. 

In addition to 6 new collotype reproductions of paintings by Inness, 
Renoir, Bellotto, Viaminck, and Feti, the Publications Fund intro- 
duced 40 color reproductions in a new format, 19 by 25 inches in size. 
Thirty-seven new postcards and 44 new 11- by 14-inch subjects were 
published, bringing the total subjects available in these formats to 
152 and 201, respectively. 


EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM 


The program of the Educational Department was carried out under 
the direction of Dr. Raymond S. Stites and his staff. The staff 
lectured and conducted tours on works of art in the Gallery’s col- 
lections. 

Attendance for the general tours, tours of the week, and picture-of- 
the-week talks amounted to 38,846. The attendance at the Sunday 
afternoon lectures in the auditorium totaled 14,209. 

Special tours, lectures, and conferences were arranged for a total 
of 16,567 persons. These special appointments were made for Gov- 
ernment agency groups, and at the request of congressional offices, 
for educators, foreign students, club and study groups, religious orga- 
nizations, conventions, and women’s organizations. These special serv- 
ices were also given to school groups from many parts of the country. 

The program of training volunteer docents continued and special 
instruction was given to approximately 130 volunteers from the Junior 
League of Washington and the American Association of University 
Women. By special arrangement with the public and parochial 


SECRETARY'S REPORT 215 


schools of the District of Columbia and surrounding counties of Mary- 
_ Jand and Virginia, these volunteers conducted tours for 66,528 children, 
representing an increase over last year of 7,279. The volunteers also 
guided 663 Safety Patrol girls on tours of the Gallery and special tours 
were given for 25,445 children who came to see the A/ona Lisa while 
it was on exhibition at the Gallery. Altogether, 92,636 children bene- 
fited from the services of the volunteer docents. 

Fifty-two lectures were given in the auditorium on Sunday after- 
noons. Of these, 22 were delivered by members of the staff of the 
National Gallery and 24 by guest lecturers. John Pope-Hennessy 
delivered the 12th Annual Series of the A. W. Mellon Lectures in the 
Fine Arts on six consecutive Sundays on “The Artist and the Indi- 
vidual : Some Aspects of the Portrait.” 

The slide library of the Educational Department has a total of 
45,682 slides in its permanent and lending collections. During the 
year 1,408 slides were added to the collections. Altogether, 397 per- 
sons borrowed 11,964 slides from the collections. It is estimated 
that the slides were seen by 24,840 viewers. The Carnegie Slides, a 
group of 2,500 on American art, which are in the Educational Depart- 
ment slide library, were borrowed by 45 persons. 

Members of the staff participated in outside activities delivering 
lectures and papers, and conducting meetings. One staff member 
taught a course at a local university. Staff members prepared ma- 
terial for the school tour program and the slide lending program, and 
prepared scripts for the Lectour recordings. Thirty-five radio talks 
were prepared, recorded, and broadcast on station WGMS. 

A printed calendar of events was prepared and distributed monthly 
to a mailing list of more than 8,300 names, an increase of 1,000 names 
over last year’s mailing list. 


EXTENSION SERVICES 


The Office of Extension Services, under the direction of the curator 
of the Index of American Design, Dr. Grose Evans, circulates to the 
public traveling exhibits, films, slide lectures, and filmstrip sets of 
works of art in the National Gallery of Art’s collections. There are 
27 traveling exhibits in circulation lent free of charge except for ship- 
ping expenses. These were circulated in 262 bookings and were seen 
by an estimated 131,000 viewers. The Extension Service circulated 
33 framed collotype exhibits among the public schools of the District 
of Columbia and the general public. Two additional exhibits were 
prepared, and the Traveling Exhibition Service of the Smithsonian 
Institution circulated one to 14 borrowers. The other was prepared at 
the request of Senator Pell of Rhode Island and was shown in 18 


216 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


Rhode Island cities and towns. Two films on the National Gallery 
of Art were circulated in 152 bookings and were seen by approximately 
45,600 viewers. A total of 1,065 slide-lecture sets were circulated 
in 2,749 bookings and were seen by approximately 164,940 viewers. 
The Extension Service reached approximately 384,560 persons during 
the year; this is an increase of 143,710 over the number of persons 


served last year. 
LIBRARY 


During the year the library, under the supervision of Miss Ruth 
EK. Carlson, accessioned 4,852 publications, of which 4,640 were ob- 
tained through exchange, by gift, or purchased from private funds. 
Government funds were used to purchase 19 books and 24 subscriptions 
to periodicals, and for the binding of 169 volumes of periodicals. A 
total of 1,610 photographs were added to the library’s stock and were 
acquired by exchange or purchased from private funds. 

During the year 2,475 publications were cataloged and classified, 
8,568 cards were filed, and 2,609 periodicals were recorded. Library of 
Congress cards were used for 657 titles; original cataloging was done 
for 483 titles; and 18 cards were sent to the Union Catalog, Library 
of Congress. There were 11,455 periodicals circulated, and 5,353 
charged out to the staff. There were 6,082 books shelved in routine 
work. The hbrary borrowed 1,363 books and 1 microfilm on inter- 
library loan. 

The exchange program was continued during the year and 1,130 
National Gallery publications were distributed in accordance with this 
arrangement. The Gallery received 2,251 publications of various types 
under the program. 

The library is the depository for black-and-white photographs of 
works of art in the Gallery’s collections. These are maintained for 
use in research by the staff, for exchange with other institutions, for 
reproduction in approved publications, and for sale to the public. 
Approximately 6,129 photographs were stocked in the library during 
the year and 1,310 orders for 7,607 photographs were filled. There 
were 386 permits for reproduction of 919 subjects processed in the 
library. 

INDEX OF AMERICAN DESIGN 


The Index of American Design, under the supervision of Dr. Grose 
Evans, circulated 116 sets of color slides (5,698) throughout the 
country; and 232 photographs of Index materials were used for ex- 
hibits, study, and publication. The photographic file has been in- 
creased by 82 negatives and 83 prints. Twenty-five permits to re- 
produce 117 subjects from the Index were used. Special exhibits of 
Index material were prepared at the request of various groups, in- 


SECRETARY’S REPORT PAT 


cluding the U.S. Department of Labor. Ten exhibits were refur- 
bished and three sets of slide notes were rewritten. 

The material of the Index was studied during the year by 502 
visitors conducting research, collecting material for publication and 
design, and gathering illustrations for publications. 

The curator of the Index held conferences with important scholars, 
attended meetings, lectured on American folk art to USIA personnel 
and three other groups, and conducted tours for several foreign visi- 
tors interested in Index material. 


MAINTENANCE OF THE BUILDING AND GROUNDS 


The Gallery building, mechanical equipment, and grounds have 
been maintained throughout the year at the established standards. 

Replacement of the sidewalk on the Mall side of the building, be- 
tween Fourth Street and Seventh Street, was accomplished under a 
contract let by the National Park Service, Department of the Interior. 

The Gallery entered into contracts for the conversion of a pas- 
senger elevator from manual to automatic operation and for the com- 
plete renovation of the skylight on the west wing of the building. 
Work under these contracts will be completed during the next fiscal 
year. ‘The passenger elevator conversion will complete the program 
of converting all such elevators to automatic control. 

Storm windows were installed at the windows in the Print Storage 
Room to eliminate the condensation which formed on the inside of 
the windows during cold weather. This treatment is planned for all 
other windows in the building as funds become available. 

The Gallery greenhouse continued to produce flowering and foliage 
plants in quantities sufficient for all decorative needs of special open- 
ings and day-to-day requirements of the Garden Courts. 


LECTOUR 


During the fiscal year 1963 Lectour, the Gallery’s electronic guide 
system, was used by 66,321 visitors. This reduction in the use of 
the system as compared with fiscal year 1962 is largely due to the fact 
that it was not feasible to operate the system during the 27 days of 
the Mona Lisa exhibition. 

Lobby D, the room in which recent acquisitions are exhibited, was 
wired for Lectour by the Gallery staff; Lectour talks can now be pro- 
vided for all new acquisitions. 


OTHER ACTIVITIES 


Forty Sunday evening Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation concerts 
were given during the year in the East Garden Court. The National 
Gallery of Art Orchestra, conducted by Richard Bales, played eight 


218 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


of these concerts. ‘Two concerts were made possible in part by a grant 
from the Music Performance Trust Fund of the American Federation 
of Musicians. The National Gallery Strings, conducted by Mr. 
Bales, furnished music during the openings of two Gallery exhibitions 
during the year. The concert on Sunday evening, October 21, 1962, 
was dedicated to United Nations Day. Six Sunday evenings, from 
April 28 to June 2, were devoted to the Gallery’s 20th American Music 
Festival. All concerts were broadcast in their entirety by radio sta- 
tion WGMS-AM and FM. Washington music critics continued their 
coverage of these concerts. During the intermissions of the con- 
certs, talks were delivered by members of the staff of the Educational 
Department on art topics, and by Mr. Bales on the musical programs 
of the evening. The Gallery orchestra, conducted by Mr. Bales, 
played two concerts at Hammond High School in Alexandria, Va. 
Four 1-hour long concerts were taped by the National Gallery or- 
chestra, Mr. Bales conducting, and were televised on WIOP-TV. 
Paintings from the Gallery’s collections were featured. Mr. Bales 
spoke to three groups on music, and was commissioned by the Grego- 
rian Institute of America to write six piano pieces entitled “Holiday 
at the White House.” The National Gallery orchestra and Mr. Bales 
received a citation from the American Association cf University 
Women for the cultural and educational contribution made to the 
community by their television programs. 

In response to requests, 54,489 copies of “An Invitation to the Na- 
tional Gallery of Art” and 1,602 information booklets were distributed 
to Congressmen and various organizations holding conventions in 
Washington. 

Henry B. Beville, head of the photographic laboratory, and his 
assistants, processed 20,347 items including negatives, prints, slides, 
color transparencies, and color separations. 

A total of 200 permits were issued to persons to copy works of art, 
and 169 permits to photograph were issued. 


AUDIT OF PRIVATE FUNDS OF THE GALLERY 


An audit of the private funds of the Gallery will be made for the 
fiscal year ended June 30, 1963, by Price Waterhouse and Co., public 
accountants. A report of the audit will be forwarded to the Gallery. 

Respectfully submitted. 

Hountineron Cartrns, Secretary. 
Dr. Lronarp CARMICHAEL, 
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. 


Report on the Canal Zone Biological Area 


Sir: It gives me pleasure to present herewith the annual report on 
the Canal Zone Biological Area for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1963. 


SCIENTISTS, STUDENTS, AND OBSERVERS 


Following is the list of 87 scientists, students, and observers who 
made use of the Canal Zone Biological Area facilities on the mainland, 
and/or visited Barro Colorado Island last year and stayed for several 
days in order to conduct scientific research or observe the wildlife of 
the area. In addition, scientists of other research and technical organi- 
zations in the Canal Zone and the Republic of Panama made use of 
station facilities. 


Name Principal interest 
Akre, Mr. and Mrs. Roger D., Myrmecophiles associated 
Kansas State University. with army ants. 
Anderson, William, Ornithology. 
Gridley, Calif. 
Andrews, H. T., Botany. 
Washington University. 
Ayensu, Edward S., Botany. 
Smithsonian Institution. 
Barghoorn, Dr. and Mrs. Elso §., Limnology. 
Harvard University. 
Barth, Dr. Robert, Behavior and physiology of 
Harvard University. cockroaches. 
Bennett, Dr. and Mrs. Charles, Jr., Ecology and microclimatology. 
University of California. 
Bishop, Alison, Behavior of primates. 
Cornell University. 
Blake, Doris H. Entomology. 
Smithsonian Institution. 
Blest, Dr. Andrew David, Behavior of Lepidoptera. 
University College, London. 
Brown, Floyd, Behavior and ecology of 
Washington University. amphibians and reptiles. 
Brown, Dr. William L., Behavior and ecology of ants. 
Cornell University. 
Chapin, Dr. and Mrs. James P., Ornithology. 
American Museum of Natural 
History. 
Cochran, Dr. Doris, Herpetology. 


Smithsonian Institution. 
219 


220 


Name 

Collier, Dr. George, 

San Diego State College. 
Covich, Alan, 

Washington University. 
Dressler, Dr. Robert L., 

Washington University. 
Duellman, Dr. William E., 

University of Kansas. 
Hisenmann, Dr. Hugene, 

New York, N.Y. 
Hisendrath, Mrs. Erna, 

Washington University. 
Elofson, Dr. Olaf, 

Sundsvall, Sweden. 
Hyde, Dr. Richard H., 

Smithsonian Institution. 
Fisher, Dr. and Mrs. Kenneth B., 

West Covina, Calif. 
Flinn, Michael, 

Inst. of Laryngology and Otology, 

London. 

Greenwell, Frank, 

Smithsonian Institution. 
Handley, Dr. Charles, 

Smithsonian Institution. 
Harty, Dr. Stephen T., 

Mount Holly, N.J. 
Heatwole, Dr. Harold, 

University of Puerto Rico. 
Hecht, Dr. Max K., 

Queens College, New York. 
Hilger, Julie, 

Duke University. 
Holgerson, Dr. Holger, 

Stavanger, Norway. 
Hughes, Dr. and Mrs. B., 

Bogota, Colombia. 
Hunt, George, 

Harvard University. 
Kamstedt, Brit, 

Stavanger, Norway. 
Kremer, Dr. Peter, 

Washington University. 
Leen, Nina, 

Life Magazine, New York, N.Y. 
Lewis, Harold, 

Life Magazine, New York, N.Y. 
Livermore, Mr. and Mrs. J. W., 

West Redding, Conn. 
Livingston, Luzern G., 

Narberth, Pa. 


ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


Principal interest 

Behavior and ecology of 
jacanas. 

Botany. 

Botany. 

Herpetology. 

Ornithology. 

Botany. 

Observation of wildlife. 

Botany. 

Observation of wildlife. 

Study of bats and acoustic 
organs of various neotropical 
animals. 

Assistant to Dr. Handley. 

Mammals. 

Ornithology. 

Behavior and ecology of amphibians, 
reptiles, and arachnids. 

Behavior and ecology of 
amphibia. 

Ornithology. 

Littoral marine entomology. 

Observation of wildlife. 

Behavior and ecology of 
flycatchers. 

Assistant to Dr. Holgerson. 

Algae. 

Photography of primates. 

Assistant to Miss Leen. 


Observation of wildlife. 


Ornithology. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 


Name 
Loftin, Horace, 
Florida State University. 
MacArthur, John C., 
Marlboro Coilege. 
MacArthur, John W., 
Marlboro College. 
Matthews, Henry, 
Lansdowne, Pa. 
MeKitterick, Dr. Andy, 
Cornell University. 
Meseth, Earl, 
Washington University. 
Myers, Charles W., 
University of Kansas. 
Nelson, Kurt, 
Chicago, Ill. 
Nickerson, Dr. Norton, 
Washington University. 
Norcross, Mrs. Emily, 
Washington University. 
Ortleb, Edward, 
Washington. University. 
Outten, Dr. L. M., 
Mars Hill College. 
Pavelko, Charlotte, 
Pasadena, Calif. 
Prescott, Dr. and Mrs. G. W., 
University of Montana. 
Pye, Dr. and Mrs. David, 
Inst. of Laryngology and 
Otology, London. 
Rassmussen, Mr. and Mrs., 
Washington University. 
Raven, Mrs. Yvonne, 
American Museum 
History. 
Rettenmeyer, Dr. and Mrs. Carl, 
Kansas State University. 
Reynard, Dr. George B., 
Riverton, N.J. 
Risebrough, Dr. R. W., 
Howard University. 
Ross, Dr. and Mrs. R. D., 
Ambler, Pa. 
Ruckes, Dr. and Mrs. Herbert, 
American Museum of 
History. 
Sartori, Alexandra, 
Harvard University. 
Sexton, Dr. Owen J., 
Washington University. 


of Natural 


Natural 


221 


Principal interest 
Heology of fresh-water fish. 


Keology of birds. 

Keology of birds. 

Ornithology. 

Behavior of cockroaches. 

Assistant to Dr. Sexton. 

Herpetology. 

Observation of wildlife. 

Botany. 

Ornithology. 

Behavior and ecology of amphibians 
and reptiles. 

Ichthyology. 

Observation of wildlife. 


Phytoplankton. 


Study of bats and acoustic organs of 
various neotropical animals. 


Ecology of amphibians and reptiles. 


Observation of wldlife. 


Behavior and ecology of army ants. 

Sound recordings of bird songs and 
ealls. 

Observation of wildlife. 


Ornithology. 


Hemiptera. 


Observation of wildlife. 


Behavior and ecology of amphibians 
and reptiles. 


222 


Name 
Stern, Dr. William L., 
Smithsonian Institution. 


Strandtmann, Dr. and Mrs. R. W., 


Texas Technological College. 


Swinebroad, Dr. Jeff, 


Rutgers State University. 


Taylor, Dr. Edward, 
Lawrence, Kans. 
Tyson, Edwin L., 


Florida State University. 


Wetmore, Dr. Alexander, 
Smithsonian Institution. 
Willis, Edwin O., 


University of California. 


Wilson, Mrs. Mae, 
Los Angeles, Calif. 


Zweifel, Dr. and Mrs. Richard G., 


ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


Principal interest 
Botany. 


Hntomology. 
Ornithology. 
Herpetology. 
Bat populations. 


Ornithology. 


Ecology and behavior of birds and 


army ants. 
Observation of wildlife. 


Heology of amphibians. 


American Museum of Natural 
History. 
VISITORS 

Approximately 155 visitors were permitted to visit the island for a 

day. 
Taste 1.—Annuai rainfall, Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone 
Year Total Station Year Total Station 
inches average inches average 

MNO) DB ea cones TE prot anlar ys HOA Sas I Ys Ne yO 111. 96 109. 30 
G2 QE ae Rene. date eae TILES, PD MALTS Gy =| It eae 120. 42 109. 84 
TU fies ee ea aes ten ee Talay SXGy |) TUNE SS I I) eee 87. 38 108. 81 
ALAS Deke yuan Mea NDR ca TOs 4 || TUT BR IP Teor ea 77. 92 107. 49 
TAS PAS Heil a ab ase a Sie S410 6s 5 Gill ML OAS eee new les ae es 83. 16 106. 43 
ELS (este RN Paar an eA NG FG at lO) Mts Ea ne LR 2 Os en 114. 86 106. 76 
AO a3] Vln ae Sl ae NC 1238305 104569 | 19502 a an eiaee 114. 51 107. 07 
OS ZAG ONO By INNO PUSS 2 5 ODN MO oil Cee ania na Ny 7 107. 28 
HO BB Oe ONO E EI NG AN TO BN OF 4 IN Eat tes ks 97. 68 106. 94 
HO 3 Aa Aart NN eee ol NOPE 2) NOs O4E | NOR RL ee 104. 97 106. 87 
A a5 ay a NA AA TTL Bias Hl LUG ee 105. 68 106. 82 
TO SY Gas a ce See NG EO a OBL teh || Oke keds) 114. 42 107. 09 
TTA S37 Lata or Be ie Te TSS lh ETE TP AN TEX Gee oh eas 114. 05 107. 30 
i ILD es Xe eee tse eg apna A TANS OO NOS CPA Wh Wg ee 97. 97 106. 98 
TSG 3 Ota rae ea eee a Tay eer TTR) Oyzb Ie athe ee es 100. 20 106. 70 
DLS 7240 pa ae Sal pg al ea XG Gk |) TOS A Ss 94. 88 106. 48 
TG AnD eS A aes Ole CV4d) AO Aa MI UCN) Lee ee 140. 07 107. 41 
LO AZ PAU es ican aR oe LOM LOSS Solin 9 Ol see eae 100. 21 106. 95 
HD ced are 1202297 OSV 20 NT NOG2ZE 22222 ee 100. 52 107. 07 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 223 


TABLE 2.—Comparison of 1961 and 1962 rainfall, Barro Colorado Island (inches) 


Total : Accumulated 

Month Station Years of | 1962 excess or €XCess Or 

fer “er average record deficiency deficiency 
Jaminny foto 1. 23 1. 86 2.14 37 —0. 28 =O 92 
February_______- 24. 67 ow Bi —. 64 —0. 92 
Marche seas 225i. coll 08 1 all 37 —1.13 —2.05 
PARTTIME LE 5. 45 1. 84 3. 45 38 — Gil —3. 66 
JAM [gains es NS Bag ae 7. 86 12. 84 10. 95 38 +1. 89 —1.77 
(iUie Sa 10. 70 10. 13 10. 82 38 —. 69 — 2. 46 
Jule 6. 94 13. 26 11. 55 38 aa, 7 = 15) 
ANOS OA ee 19. 73 13. 21 12. 44 38 are +. 02 
September_______ 13533 The}, L7/ 10. 34 38 +3. 23 aby 245) 
Octoberswe se 17522 8. 43 13. 99 38 — 5. 56 74, Bil 
November- ----__- 10. 84 13. 82 1 85 38 —4. 03 — 6. 34 
December. f+ 21). 5. 96 10. 81 11. 02 38 i OA —6: 55 
Wears 20 c LOYD a Ve UO TO), PAE th MUO COVE |e al i — 6. 55 
Dry season_______ 7. 63 4. 45 SENT Ree SIC AEIGD  e RAB EAN Bie —3. 66 
Wet season_______ GZS 5 SLT GO2OM an OSsOGi | LeeLee eae —2.'89 


BUILDINGS, EQUIPMENT, AND IMPROVEMENTS 


The only major construction on Barro Colorado last year was a new 
boathouse. This will provide additional space for protection of the 
launches, speedboats, and canoes. 

Maintenance activities on the island continued as usual. All houses 
were painted and their roofs repaired ; new rain gutters were installed ; 
the motor of the launch Snook and the three generators were com- 
pletely overhauled; all the trails were cleared; and extensive repairs to 
the animal cages and pens were completed. 

The expansion of the library also continued. New equipment was 
provided for both the library and the office. 

Two guards were hired to maintain a constant patrol of the island. 
This has greatly alleviated the problem of poaching. 


OTHER ACTIVITIES 


The director continued research on the behavior of passerine birds 
and primates. Edwin L. Tyson completed his study of bat popula- 
tions on the island, and Robert M. King finished work on the cyto- 
taxonomy of Panamanian Compositae. A new scientific aide, 
Thomas Crebbs of Rutgers University, has begun a study of the 
ecology, population structure, and behavior of several species of 
Fringillidae in the Canal Zone and adjacent parts of the Republic 
of Panama. 


224 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


FINANCES 


Trust funds for the maintenance of the island and its living facili- 
ties are obtained by collections from visitors and scientists, table 
subscriptions, and donations. 

The following institutions continued their support of the laboratory 
through the payment of table subscriptions: Eastman Kodak Co., 
New York Zoological Society, and Smithsonian Institution. A new 
table subscription was received this year from Kansas State Univer- 
sity. Donations are also gratefully acknowledged from Dr. Eugene 
Eisenmann and C. M. Goethe. 


PLANS AND REQUIREMENTS 


The research program of the bureau will expand considerably in 
the coming year. 

Two new scientists will be added to the permanent staff: Dr. Robert 
L. Dressler and Dr. Neal G. Smith. Dr. Dressler is a botanist and 
Dr. Smith will work on ecology and animal behavior. 

The National Science Foundation has approved a grant to install 
an electric cable from the mainland to the island. This will provide 
a reliable and abundant supply of electric power for the laboratory, 
replacing the costly and deficient generators which have always been 
a serious problem. The Panama Canal Company, which will install 
the cable, has already started preliminary work. It is hoped that the 
whole project will be completed before the end of the year. 

As a result of these additions, it will be possible to install new 
equipment in the laboratory, keep more extensive records of scientific 
data, and build up collections of specimens. In particular, it is 
planned to reorganize and enlarge the herbarium and the botanical 
section of the library as rapidly as possible. 


ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 


The Canal Zone Biological Area can operate only with the excellent 
cooperation of the Canal Zone Government and the Panama Canal 
Company. Thanks are due especially to the former Lieutenant Gov- 
ernor, Col. Walter P. Leber; the Executive Secretary, Paul M. Run- 
nestrand, and his staff; the Customs and Immigration officials; and 
the Police Division. Also deeply appreciated are the technical advice 
and assistance provided by P. Alton White, former chief of the 
Dredging Division, and members of his staff, and C. C. Soper of the 
Eastman Kodak Co. 

Respectfully submitted. 

Martin H. Moyninan, Director. 
Dr. Lronarp CARMICHAEL, 
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. 


Report on the National Air Museum 


Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the activities 
of the National Air Museum for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1963: 

Staff studies and planning for the new National Air Museum Build- 
ing and exhibit continued. The fiscal 1964 budget presented to the 
Congress included planning funds for the new building. 

Public interest in the historical air and space flight exhibit of the 
Museum continued to increase. The visitor count in the Air and 
Space Building for fiscal year 1963 was 2,673,618. For fiscal year 
1962 it was 1,986,319. The largest single day’s count was 38,355 
(July 15, 1962). 

Many historically significant accessions were received by the Mu- 
seum during the year. Among them were: memorabilia of Col. 
Harold B. Willis, member of the Lafayette Escadrille, from Harold 
B. Willis, Jr.; original thermometer and barometer used by Dr. John 
Jeffries, first American to fly in a balloon ascension in England, No- 
vember 30, 1784, from Dr. James Howard Means; multiple-stage 
rocket engine cluster for the space probe launch vehicle Juno //, from 
the Jet Propulsion Laboratory; bronze bust of Wilbur Wright, from 
Elmo N. Pickerill; the original /iendship 7, first U.S. orbital manned 
spacecraft, and flight clothing and gear from the /riendship 7 orbital 
space flight, from NASA; American flag carried by astronaut Glenn 
on the Friendship 7 flight, from John H. Glenn, Jr.; four engines used 
on the X-15 aircraft, from the Department of the Air Force; bronze 
sculpture of pioneer Charles S. (Casey) Jones, from the Academy of 
Aeronautics; medals and other memorabilia of Gen. Claire L. Chen- 
nault, from Mrs. Chennault; original oil portraits of astronauts Alan 
B. Shepard, Jr., and John H. Glenn, Jr., by artist Bruce Stevenson, 
from Mrs. Stevenson and son; and the original Sperry airplane Gyro 
Stabilizer and Sperry Gyro Horizon instruments, from the Sperry 
Gyroscope Co. 

Information service continues as an active function of the Museum. 
Historical, technical, and biographical information on air and space 
flight is furnished to authors, researchers, historians, schools, Govern- 
ment agencies, students, and the public. 


ADVISORY BOARD 


No meetings of the Advisory Board were held during the year. 
Member Vice Admiral P. D. Stroop, USN, assigned to duties away 
225 


226 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


from Washington, D.C., was replaced by Vice Adm. William A. 
Schoech. Capt. E. P. Aurand, USN, was appointed alternate for 
Admiral Schoech. 

SPECIAL EVENTS 


Many distinguished visitors came to the Museum to see the exhibit 
or to participate in special presentation and commerative ceremonies 
during the year. Among these were President John F. Kennedy; 
Attorney General and Mrs. Robert Kennedy; Astronaut and Mrs. 
John H. Glenn, Jr.; U.S. Senator Clinton P. Anderson; James KE. 
Webb, Administrator of NASA; Edmund Converse, president of 
Bonanza Airlines; His Excellency, Antonio Garrigues, Ambassador 
of Spain, His Excellency, Dr. Roberto T. Alemann, Ambassador of 
the Argentine Republic; and Lafayette Escadrille pilot, Col. Charles 
H. (Carl) Dolan. 

The director attended several annual meetings of aviation, aero- 
space, and educational organizations and societies. He also visited 
a number of Air Force and Navy bases, the FAA Academy, NASA 
space centers, and contractors of these agencies in the aerospace flight 
program. He lectured frequently on these visits. Much new histori- 
cal material for the museum has resulted. 

Paul KE. Garber, head curator and historian, and curators Louis S. 
Casey and Kenneth E. Newland represented the Museum at a number 
of aviation and aerospace meetings during the year and spoke on the 
work of the Museum. Mr. Garber delivered 40 lectures. 


IMPROVEMENTS IN EXHIBITS 


Continuing experiments with display techniques in the Air and 
Space Building provide valuable experience in planning the exhibits 
for the new building. 


REPAIR, PRESERVATION, AND RESTORATION 


Storage, restoration, preservation, and the preparation of specimens 
for display in the new building continue at the Silver Hill, Md. 
facility. 

ASSISTANCE TO GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS 

A variety of services were extended during the year to the Federal 
Aviation Agency, NASA, the Library of Congress, the Department 
of Justice, the U.S. Navy, and the U.S. Air Force. 


REFERENCE MATERIAL AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 


The library, reference files, and photographic files of the Museum 
have increased in valuable research materials during the year. As 
space permits, these are being integrated into the files for the use of 
the Museum staff and other researchers. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 22 


The cooperation of the following persons and organizations in pro- 
viding this material is sincerely appreciated and acknowledged: 


Atr Force, DEPARTMENT OF THE, AIR NATIONAL GUARD BUREAU, Washington, D.C.: 
Photostats, clippings, and typed pages, describing activities of the Air National 
Guard in Arkansas. 

AtR Forcr, DEPARTMENT OF THE; CHARLES V. HppLey, Edwards AFB, Calif.: 
Photos of Air Force parachutes, aircraft, and engines. 

ALLEN, MAs. GEN. BrooKE H., Washington, D.C.: 1 booklet, The Bolling Story. 

AMERICAN AVIATION PUBLICATIONS, INc., Washington, D.C.: Book, Aviation Age, 
June 19538, ““Key to Survival—Research and Development.” 

ARMY MISSILE COMMAND, Redstone Arsenal, Ala.: Jupiter C drawings. 

Baker, Miss Mary C., San Diego, Calif.: Four pages of photostats of a letter 
to Miss Baker from her brother regarding the construction of the floats for the 
entire Curtiss hydroplane. 

Batpwin, Leon C., Fulton, N.Y.: Photostatie copy of a letter to the donor from 
Miss Ruth Curtiss, pertaining to the Baldwin airship, Signal Corps No. 1, 
which was designed and built by Thomas Scott Baldwin and powered by an 
engine developed by Glenn Curtiss. 

BaAuzerR, VERNON W., Palos Verdes Estates, Calif.: Approximately 250 papers, 
being mostly correspondence, between Stephen M. Balzer (the donor’s father) 
and Samuel P. Langley, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, his assistants 
including Charles M. Manly, and his successors including Dr. Charles G. 
Abbot, for the period November 5, 1898, to January 25, 1932. 

BELLANcA, Mrs. DorotHy, Galena, Md.: Periodicals, ‘‘L’Aeroteconica” Italian 
technical reports; “Air Ministry Aeronautical Research Committee Report 
and Memoranda”; “Commissariala Dell Aeronautica” ; “Monografie Scientifiche 
Di Aeronautica”; “The Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society”; ‘“Ameri- 
can Helicopter”; 1 book, The Fighting Tanks Since 1916, by R. H. Jones, G. H. 
Rarey, and R. J. Icks; photos and lists of Bellanca Aircraft; brochure, etc. 

BoEDECKER, KENNETH §., Hast Orange, N.J.: Boedy’s Album, mounted photos of 
aviation personalities including negatives and index to mounted collection. 

BRAZALTON, Davin, Bartonville, Ill.: 3 plate tracings of the Naval Aircraft 
Factory’s N3N-3 convertible seaplane and Curtiss SOC-1 Seagull. 

BritisH EmpBassy, Washington, D.C.: 3 photos, A-49,499 Vickers Vimy; A-49,- 
499-A Vickers Vimy; A-49-499-B Alcock and Brown; photostat of The New 
York Herald, Monday, June 16, 1919, front page. 

Burton, Sep. Lor. Joun, BrrrisH HMBassy, Washington, D.C.: Manuals on the 
Mosquito MK 35 (De Havilland). 

CAPRONI DrTALiepo, CoUNTESS GIANNI, Italy: 3 books, Timina Caproni Guasti 
and Achille Bartarelli, L’ Aeronautica Italiana Nell’ Imagine 1487-1875 (Milan, 
Museo Caproni, 1938) ; Timina Caproni Guasti and Achille Bertarelli, Fran- 
cesco Zambeccari Aeronauta, Bologna (1752-1812) (Milan, Museo Caproni, 
1932) ; Gli Aeroplani Caproni. 

Carcoran, DonaLp, Burns, Oreg.: Scrapbook containing 11 photos, 6 newspaper 
clippings of Henry Toneray and his helicopter. 

CASSOGNERES, EVERETT ¥., Hast Haven, Conn.: Photocopies of articles describ- 
ing the Ryan Aeronautical Co., their ST trainer airplane, and the Menasco D-4 
engine used to power this airplane; 1 photo of the Ryan STA airplane built 
in 1936, now owned and flown by the donor. 

CLARK, BARRETT, New York, N.Y.: 4 records, RLP 3401 “Wonderland of Science,” 
a child’s introduction to the automobile and the airplane; Riverside 5508 
“World War I Fighter Planes in Action”; Riverside RLP 5505 “Air Force” ; 
Riverside RLP 5510 “World War II Combat Planes in Action.” 


228 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


CLARK, Epwin R., Fitchburg, Mass.: Two newspapers, Springfield Republican, 
Monday, June 18, 1928; Boston Traveler, Tuesday, June 19, 1928. 

CLEVENGER, CLoyp P., D.F., Mexico: A multiautographed book, Modern Flight, by 
Cloyd P. Clevenger, illustrated by Clayton Knight. 

Corryn, KincGsianp A., Philadelphia, Pa.: 1 photo album; 1 scrapbook contain- 
ing newspaper articles and photographs. 

Cross, JouHn W., Washington, D.C.: 28 issues of the Official Airline Guide. 
CrowTHER, G. Ropnry, III, Chevy Chase, Md.: 2 photographie prints 8 by 10 
inches taken of Echo J satellite at 1,000 miles altitude, September 3, 1960. 

Day, Curtiss, Elkhart, Ind.: Holterman scrapbook. 

Day, Mrs. Guiapys, Pacific Palisades, Calif.: Charles H. Day memorabilia ; 
1 scrapbook from Charles Healy and Gladys Day. 

DousLEDAY & Co., INc., Garden City, N.Y.: 4 flat-disk phonograph records, 3314 
rpm longplaying records, “Sounds of the U.S. Air Force, 1916-1960, Blast 
Off”; “America’s First Man in Orbit,” astronaut John Glenn in Friendship 7; 
Aurora-7?, astronaut Scott Carpenter; Sigma-7 astronaut Wally Schirra. 

FisKe, Mrs. GARNDER, Boston, Mass.: Scrapbook of G. H. Fiske; front page of 
May 22, 1927, issue of ‘‘La Presse’? showing purported photo of Lindbergh ; 
framed print containing two pictures, one showing ascent of Englishman, 
Cocking, in parachute basket; Second shows tragic collapse of parachute 
during descent; framed print showing an exact representation of the first 
aerial ship Hagle. 

Frantz, Harry W., UNITED PRESS INTERNATIONAL, Washington, D.C.: Articles 
on early press flights, “Atlantic Clipper Pioneers Air Route Through Pillars 
of Hercules,” June 22, 1939; “Trans-Atlantiec Press Flight, Atlantic Clipper,” 
June 17-25, 1939; “Across the Andes,” dated November 4, 1943. 

Gainer, J. E., AMERICAN AIRLINES, Washington, D.C.: A group of Glenn L. Mar- 
tin aircraft specifications in the form of press releases ; a report on the German 
commercial airline the Deutsche Luft-Hansa by O. H. Kirchner. 

GENERAL PRECISION, INnc., LINK Division, Binghamton, N.Y.: Data on Link 
Corporation. 

Hatz, Mrs. Rocer T., Cabin John, Md.: Framed color print of Montgolfier free 
flight balloon; framed color print of Charles balloon landing after first free 
flight. 

Hitpes-HeiM, Erik, Fairfield, Conn.: A 32-page illustrated leaflet titled, ‘“Aero- 
nautics in New York State’ by Preston R. Bassett, reprinted from “New York 
History” journal; papers and photos pertaining to Dr. William W. Christmas. 

LA.S. Stupent AcTIVITIES, DAvip KAUFMAN, New York, N.Y. : 37 films. 

IpLAND, J. C., St. Petersburg, Fla.: 2 photos, J. D. Hill’s airplane at Hadley 
Airport: Mr. Hill and Col. John Brown. 

JARRETT, Cot. G. B., Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md.: Copies of drawings of 
British, German, and French World War I aerial bombs; copy of drawing 
of Flechettes. 

JUPTNER, JOSEPH P., Orange, Calif.: Book, U.S. Civil Aircraft, ATC Number— 
1 to 100, Vol. I by donor. 

Kerrey, Rosert V., Detroit, Mich.: Air Service Engineering Division Report, 
September 16, 1924, Engine Performance Curves and Sectional Views ; Develop- 
ment of Aircraft Engines by R. Schlaifer and Development of Aviation Fuels 
by S. D. Heron, bound in one volume; Aviation Fuels and their Effects on 
Engine Performance, NAVAHR—02-1-511; Aviation Fuels and their Effects 
on Engine Performance and Research on Aviation Spark Plug Problems by the 
Ethyl Corp. 

Kernan, Starrorp, Washington, D.C.: 2 books, World Aviation Annual, 1948 ; 
American Heroes of the War in the Air. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 229 


Key, WILLIAM G., Washington, D.C.: 2 books, Gli Aeroplani Caproni; also other 
material on Caproni. 

Larrp, E. M., Boca Raton, Fla.: Laird Airplane Co., brochure. 

Lams, Dr. W. KAYE, DOMINION ARCHIVIST, PUBLIC ARCHIVES OF CANADA, Ottawa, 
Canada: 2 drawings of general arrangements FC-2W2 landplane, general 
arrangements FC-2W2 seaplane (modified FC-2W). 

LEwis, FREDERIC, New York, N.Y.: Fifteen 5- by 7-inch glass negatives of Wright 
1911 glider at Kitty Hawk, N.C. 

Mannine, Wine Compr. R. V., Royan CaAnapIAN AiR Force, Ottawa, Canada: 
2 volumes containing excerpts from RFC and RAF communiques of World 
War I. 

McCatL, Mrs. H. F., Oxford, Miss.: 31 pieces of correspondence from Chanute, 
W. Wright, Dr. Abbot, and Bellanca; 140 pages of assorted papers on “The 
Soaring Flight of Birds” and ‘The Construction of a Small Aeroplane.” 

McCauvtey, Ernest G., Fort Lauderdale, Fla.: 2-page report by Mr. McCauley 
titled ‘“CCommemorating the Flight of the Spirit of St. Louis”; “Thrust for 
the Air Age’’ by Ted Durosko, a reprint from “Flying,” November 1958, Ziff- 
Davis Publishing Co. 

McComs, Rosert P., Moultrie, Ga., and MiLLerR, Howarp M., Fort Wayne, Ind.: 
71 copies of outdated magazines, ‘Popular Aviation”; “Aerial Age Weekly” ; 
“Western Flying’; “Sperryscope”’; “Flight”; “Model Airplane News’; “U.S. 
Air Services.” 

MeryYeER, Rospert B., Bethesda, Md.: Book, An Airplane in Hvery Garage, by 
Daniel R. Zuck. 

MoorEHOUSE, HARoLp E., Williamsport, Pa.: 48 5- by 4-inch photos from the 
flying pioneers biographies used in A.A.H.S. 

Murpuy, SHERWIN, St. Joseph, Mich.: Copy of unfinished biography on Augustus 
Herring. 

NATHANSON, Harry D., Brooklyn, N.Y.: 2 manuals, Details of Aerial Bombs 
by Air Ministry, February 1918; Silhouettes of Aeroplanes by Unknown. 

Navy, DEPARTMENT OF THE, Washington, D.C.: 441 photographs from Adm. J. L. 
Callan’s photograph album. 

NEWLAND, KENNETH E., Alexandria, Va.: Book, Spitfire, by John W. R. Taylor 
and Maurice F. Allward, 1946. 

NorMAN, WALLACE, Warren, Mich.: Three-view drawing of Curtiss Robin Air- 
plane. 

Oakes, Rosert S., NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC Sociery, Washington, D.C.: Handbook 
titled Instructions for the Care and Operation of Model A-1-E Hispano-Suiza 
Aeronautical Engines. It was published during July 1918 by the Wright- 
Martin Aircraft Corp. of New Brunswick, N.J. 

PaRRISH, WAYNE W., AMERICAN AVIATION PUBLICATIONS, Washington, D.C.: 
Assorted aviation material. 

PAWLEY, WILLIAM D., Miami, Fla.: Booklet, Americans Valiant and Glorious, 
a brief history of The Flying Tigers by William D. Pawley. 

PRINCE, FREDERICK H., Jr., Old Westbury, N.Y.: 3 bound volumes of “La Guerre 
Aerienne” for the period of November 1916 to May 1918. 

READ, REAR ADM. ALBERT C., Miami, Fla.: 1 book, The Flight Across the Atlantic, 
by Curtiss Aeroplane & Motor Corp.; a biographical sketch and service record 
of Rear Admiral Read; numerous cablegrams and naval signal dispatches ; 
N-C—4 flight reports; pilots report, N-C-4; Radio Report-Trans Atlantic 
flight ; newspaper clippings ; magazine articles ; U.S. Department of Agriculture 
Weather Bureau maps. 

REYNOLDS, Bruce C., Santa Barbara, Calif.: Barnstorming with Barnhart as 
told to Bruce Reynolds by George E. Barnhart. 


707-317—63——16 


230 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


SPANGLER, CHARLES B., Mountain View, Calif.: A book, America’s First Spaceman, 
by Jewel Spangler Smaus and Charles B. Spangler. An autographed copy. 

Sparco, JoHn, Old Bennington, Vt.: Postcards from the Caproni Aeroplant in 
Italy collected in 1918. 

SPRINGER, THOMAS Eric, Los Angeles, Calif.: 60 photos; 1 souvenir issue of 
Douglas Aircraft 50th Anniversary of Naval Aviation; various newspaper clip- 
pings on Mr. Springer ; biographical sketch. 

STADLMAN, ANTHONY, San Francisco, Calif.: Photos, drawing, biographical 
sketch, and newspaper clippings. 

TALBort, Mrs. H. B., New York, N.Y.: Album of photos of the Dayton Wright Co. 

TRAINOR, GEORGE H., Forp Moror Co., Washington, D.C.: Films, “This is Aero- 
nautronic” and “Blue Scout.” 

Truitt, JAMES M., THE WASHINGTON Post, Washington, D.C.: Memorabilia of 
James R. McConnell. 

VERNON, Victor, St. Petersburg, Fla.: Scrapbook of Victor Vernon. 

VINCENT, SypNeEy A., St. Petersburg, Fla.: 4- by 5-inch photos of Park A. Van 
Tassell’s balloon; Ivy Baldwin’s balloon; 8. A. Vincent gliders; Ivy Baldwin’s 
biplane. 

WALKER Company, L. L., Houston, Tex.: 15 books and pamphlets on airport, 
aircraft, and engines, ete. 

WINTER, HENRY, San Clemente, Calif.: 1 canceled check of the Aeronautical 
School of Engineers (June 1911). 

Youne, Epwarp H., St. Louis, Mo.: Booklet, Instone Air Line Time Table, dis- 
tributed in the fall of 1921. 

ZONTA INTERNATIONAL, Chicago, I/l.: Photo of Amelia Earhart; portrait, head 
and shoulders. 

ACCESSIONS 


Additions to the National Aeronautical and Space Collections 
received and recorded during the fiscal year 1963 totaled 448 specimens 
in 81 separate accessions, as listed below. Those from Government 
departments are entered as transfers unless otherwise indicated; 
others were received as gifts or loans. 


ACADEMY OF AERONAUTICS, La Guardia Airport, New York, N.Y.: Life-size bronze 
bust of Charles 8. (Casey) Jones, pioneer aviator, educator, and founder of 
the Academy of Aeronautics (N.A.M. 1381). 

Arr Force, DEPARTMENT OF THE, McCLELLAN Arr Force BAsks, Calif.: Collection 
of 213 models, 1: 72 size, modeled by Roy S. Stone (N.A.M. 1360). ANDREWS 
Air Force Basr, Md.: Gun camera from F-86A aircraft (N.A.M. 1364). 
SysTEMs COMMAND, Washington, D.C.: XN-1, first U.S. all-inertial autonavi- 
gator to be successfully flight tested on a system; XN-2, first U.S. stellar- 
inertial autonavigator to successfully track stars in daylight flight (N.A.M. 
1382). Systems CoMMAND, WRIGHT-PATTERSON AIR FoRCE BASE, Ohio: Thiokol 
XLR-11 Rocketjets with serial Nos. 5, 6, 13, and 14. These engines powered 
the X-15 aircraft (N.A.M. 1379). 

AMERICAN AIRLINES, Washington, D.C.: Diorama-type model of an American 
Airlines Boeing 707, showing interior layout of aircraft (N.A.M. 1344). 

Avyco RESEARCH AND ADVANCED DEVELOPMENT, Wilmington, Mass.: Original nose 
cap of the RVX1-5 nose cone test vehicle (N.A.M. 1401). 

Bonanza AtIrrtINes, Las Vegas, Nev.: Model of the Fairchild F-27 as flown by 
Bonanza Airlines (N.A.M. 1357). 


SECRETARY’S REPORT anil 


Brown, Mag. KimproueH S§8., Bedford, Mass.: Contemporary French tapestry 
commemorating Lindbergh’s flight to Paris (N.A.M. 1345). 

BRYANT, GLENN D., MISSISSIPPI STATE COLLEGE, State College, Miss.: Roll of 
gas cell material from airship Shenandoah (N.A.M. 1347). 

CHAMPLIN, WILLIAM H., Jz., Rochester, N.H.: Verville Sports Trainer aircraft, 
Single engine, two-place biplane (N.A.M. 1392). 

CHENNAULT, Mrs. CLAIRE L., Washington, D.C.: Memorabilia of General Claire L. 
Chennault including 20 medals and awards plus a Chinese scroll recounting 
the history of the Flying Tigers (N.A.M. 1887). 

CHRYSLER Motors Corp., Detroit, Mich. : Scale model of Mercury Redstone launch 
vehicle used in flight by Astronaut Alan Shepard, May 5, 1961 (N.A.M. 
1406). 

CocHRAN, Miss JACQUELINE, New York, N.Y.: 1961 General Electric Trophy for 
outstanding achievement in aviation, Distinguished Service Medal, and Medal 
of the French Legion of Honor, all awarded to the donor (N.A.M. 13848). 

Davies, Cot. JOHN M., Falls Church, Va.: Crash helmet worn by donor in Italy, 
World War I (N.A.M. 1874). 

DeESim00R, Mrs. Rosrnson, Washington, D.C.: Bronze medal commemorating the 
first North Pole flight of Richard E. Byrd, May 9, 1926 (N.A.M. 1853). 

pI Tatiepo, Dr. GIOVANNI Caproni, Milano, Italy: Caproni Commemorative 
Gold Medal (N.A.M. 1352). 

Doox.itrTLe, GEN. JAMES H., Redondo Beach, Calif.: Five personal watches either 
used by or awarded to the donor (N.A.M. 1398). 

DorNIER-WERKE, Germany: Model of Dornier DO-28 aircraft (N.A.M. 1355). 

Dovuetas ArRcRAFT Co., Washington, D.C.: Model of a Douglas DC-2 aircraft 
(N.A.M. 1369). 

Drucker, LEsuiz, Chicago, Ill.: Copy of gold Glenn Flight Commemorative Medal- 
lion which was presented to Mrs. Glenn (N.A.M. 1410). 

FourTEENtTH AIR Force Association, Allentown, Pa.: Original American Flag 
used by “Flying Tigers” at General Chennault’s headquarters in China, and 
original design of 14th Air Force shoulder patch (N.A.M. 1380). 

FRANKLIN INSTITUTE, Philadelphia, Pa.: Aircraft engine combustion starter 
(N.A.M. 1862). 

GALBRAITH, Frep E., Sr., Rutherford, N.J.: Parts and fragments from the 
America used on Admiral Byrd’s transatlantic flight (N.A.M. 1367). 

Gat, Carr. DonaLtp F., Newark, Del.: Piece of outer skin fabric from airship 
Shenandoah (N.A.M. 1384). 

GreneRAL Morors Corp., ALLISON Division, Garden City, N.J.: Model of Lockheed 
Electra II, 1:79 size (N.A.M. 1335). 

Guenn, Joun H., Jz., Manned Spaceflight Center, Houston, Tex.: Flag carried 
by Glenn on flight of Friendship 7 (N.A.M. 1414). 

GRuMMAN ArRcrAFT Corp., Bethpage, Long Island, N.Y.: Three models of Grum- 
man Aircraft: A2F-1 Intruder; AO-1 Mohawk; and X¥F5F-1 Skyrocket 
(N.A.M. 1336). Model of a Grumman W2F-1 aircraft (N.A.M. 1366). Model 
of a Grumman XF10F-1 Jaguar aircraft (N.A.M. 1870). 

Hatz, Mrs. Rosert T., Cabin John, Md.: Purchase of two contemporary prints 
of first Montgolfier flight and the first Charles flight (N.A.M. 1596). 

Hartwick, HERBERT D., Cayucos, Calif.: Model of Junkers-Larson J L-6, single 
engine monoplane (purchase) (N.A.M. 1342). 

HorrmMan, Mrs. Cora BENNETT, Estate of; New York, N.Y.: Memorabilia Of TS: 
Floyd Bennett (N.A.M. 1871). 

Ivey, Ropert C., Parma, Ohio: Model, 1:24 size of Fokker F7/3m Southern 
Cross (N.A.M. 1895). 


232 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


JET PROPULSION LABORATORY, Pasadena, Calif.: Second, third, and fourth stage 
rocket cluster for the space-probe launch vehicle Juno II (N.A.M. 1346). 
KAyYLAS, ALEXANDER J.. New Haven, Conn.: Memorabilia connected with donor’s 

activities as a member of the 14th Air Force in World War II (N.A.M. 1400). 

KELLY, KENNETH, Bethesda, Md.: Two World War I aircraft machineguns: 
one, a German Spandau with ammunition belt and case; the other, a British 
Vickers aircraft machinegun (N.A.M. 13837). 

KLEAN, Lester H., Bensenville, I1l.: Model of Wright brothers’ 1903 Flyer (pur- 
chase) (N.A.M. 1399). 

K1LiecLe, R. P., Hampton Falls, N.H.: Bowlus Baby Albatross sailplane single- 
place pod fuselage with tubular boom support for empenage (N.A.M. 1388). 
McKnew, Dr. THOMAS, NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC Society, Washington, D.C.: Seven 

framed color portraits and pictures of astronauts (N.A.M. 1338). 

Martin Company, Baltimore, Md.: Martin Matador Missile (N.A.M. 1872). 

Massin, ALEx, Toronto, Canada: Four USAF uniform insignia, World War II 
(N.A.M. 1391). 

MEANS, Dr. JAMES Howarp, Boston, Mass.: An original holograph manuscript 
by Francis Herbert Wenham of England, “On Some Conditions of Aerial 
Flight,” delivered by Octave Chanute before the Boston Aeronautical Society, 
March 1, 1897 (N.A.M. 13840). Thermometer and barometer used by Dr. John 
Jefferies in a balloon ascension in Hngland, November 30, 1784, and Jan- 
uary 7, 1785, for first flight across the English Channel. First American to 
fly (N.A.M. 1341). 

MEMBERS OF WAF anp USAF Nursss, New York, N.Y.: Wood inlay picture by 
Paul Spindler of a McDonnell F-101 Voodoo airplane fiying over a French 
village (N.A.M. 13863). 

NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION, LANGLEY RESEARCH CENTER, 
Hampton, Va.: Model of Bell X—1 wind tunnel (N.A.M. 1393). Lrwis RE- 
SEARCH CENTER, Cleveland, Ohio: General Electric TG—180 turbojet engine 
(N.A.M. 1413). General Electric I-40 turbojet engine (N.A.M. 1412). Wash- 
ington, D.C.: Friendship 7 spacecraft with manikin and display-rig ; also astro- 
naut’s personal equipment (N.A.M. 13868). John Glenn’s flight clothing (N.A.M. 
1375). 

Navy, DEPARTMENT OF THE, Washington, D.C.: Propeller and drive assembly 
for a fuel pump used on the NC-3 during 1919 flight across Atlantic (N.A.M. 
1349). Bureau oF NAVAL WEAPONS, Washington, D.C.: Aichi MG6A1 Sieron 
Aircraft (Japanese), a J-35 aircraft engine and a Liberty engine propeller 
(N.A.M. 1365). Aichi B7A-1 Grace Aircraft, a Japanese Navy carrier bomber 
(N.A.M. 1377). Curtiss N-9 Navy training aircraft, Wcrld War II, missing 
components (N.A.M. 1405). Navan AcapEemMy, Annapolis, Md.: General Elec: 
tric electrically operated TG—100 turboprop cutaway (N.A.M. 13856). Nava 
OBSERVATORY, Washington, D.C.: A select group of navigation instruments 
illustrative of developmental steps in historical technical progress (N.A.M. 
1351). Navy Air MaterIaAL CENTER, Philadelphia, Pa.: Group of five models 
of U.S. Navy types to random scales—N-1, NC-—7, HS-8, H-16, and ZR-1 
Shenandoah (N.A.M. 1354). 

NEwcomps, CHARLES J., Trappe, Md.: Wright brothers Model K, 1:16 size model 
of 1915 aircraft (purchase) (N.A.M. 1404). 

NEWLAND, KEenNETH H., Alexandria, Va.: Scale model of Thor-Able launch 
booster with model of RVX1-—5 nose cone on top (N.A.M. 1402). Scale model 
of Jupiter Rocket Launch vehicle used in Able-Baker project (N.A.M. 1407). 

NortHror ArrcrAFT Corp., Hawthorne, Calif.: 1:30 model of Northrop T-88 
aircraft in which Jacqueline Cochran established speed records August—Oc- 
tober 1961 (N.A.M. 1876). 


SECRETARY’S REPORT Zao 


Pan AMERICAN AIRWAYS System, New York, N.Y.: Six flags and two poles from 
the Yankee Clipper used on transatlantic flights (N.A.M. 1350). 

PICKERILL, HE. N., Mineola, N.Y.: Life-size bronze bust of donor (N.A.M. 1359). 
Bronze bust of Wilbur Wright (N.A.M. 1358). 

Ramsey, Mrs. Dewitt, Washington, D.C.: Bas-relief portrait in Wedgwood of 
Sir John Alcock and a collection of seven prints of watercolors illustrating 
famous flights (N.A.M. 1878). 

RocHESTER City ScHoon District, Rochester, N.Y.: Continental Motors Corp. 
Engine, model A65-8, 4-cylinder, air cooled; equipped with starter, Stromberg 
carburetor and Sensenich propeller (N.A.M. 1378). Link Aviation Devices, 
Binghamton, N.Y., Trainer No. S-W C-837142 Jitter Bug, Jr. (N.A.M. 1409). 

ROcKWELL, Cot. PAuL, Asheville, N.C.: French Voluntaire World War I medal 
awarded to Kiffen Rockwell, a member of the Lafayette Hscadrille (N.A.M. 
1408). 

SHOWERS, Mrs. Hust F.: Aircraft float light, World War It (N.A.M. 1348). 

Soarine Society or America, Los Angeles, Calif.: The “Gold C” and “Diamond 
C” plaques awarded by the Soaring Society of America (N.A.M. 1361). 

SPANISH AiR ForcEe, Washington, D.C.: Model of Dornier Wal Plus Ultra, first 
aircraft to complete crossing of South Atlantic from Spain to Argentina, 
January 21-31, 1926 (N.A.M. 1885). 

SPERRY GYROSCOPE Co., Great Neck, N.Y.: Gyro stabilizer for airplanes. Used in 
tests aboard a Curtiss “S” Flying Boat at Hammondsport, N.Y., by Lawrence 
Sperry in 1913. Immediate predecessor of the 1914 model which won the 
50,000-fr. safety prize in Paris (N.A.M. 1390). 

STEVENSON, Mrs. Bruce AND Son, New York, N.Y.: Life-size portrait in oils; one 
of John H. Glenn, Jr., and the other of Alan B. Shepard, Jr. (N.A.M. 1389). 

TaLsBot, Mrs. Harotp E., New York, N.Y.: Propeller with clock in hub (N.A.M. 
1411). 

Tuaw, A. Buatr, Washington, D.C.: Marlin Rockwell machine gun said to have 
been used by Col. William Thaw on his Spad aircraft in World War I (N.A.M. 
1386). 

Tracy, DANIEL, Cleveland, Ohio: Model of Deperdussin aircraft (purchase) 
(N.A.M. 1394). 

VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE, Blacksburg, Va.: Lycoming air-cooled radial 
aviation engine (9 cyl.) Model R-680—-BA, serial No. 2,751.240 h.p. (N.A.M. 
1397). 

WILLARD, KENNETH A., Los Altos, Calif.: Radio-controlled, gasoline-powered 
model airplane (N.A.M. 1403). 

WILLIs, Haroxp B., Jr., Boston, Mass.: Memorabilia of Col. Harold B. Willis as 
a member of the Lafayette Escadrille (N.A.M. 1339). 

WIsE, Mrs. Dororuy, Washington, D.C.: Memorabilia of “Flying Tigers” Opera- 
tions in China, World War II, including silk map of Western and Eastern China 
used by Capt. John Birch (N.A.M. 1383). 

WRIGLEY, Puriuie K., Chicago Ill.: Curtiss 1911 flight control, Westmore pro- 
peller manufactured in Chicago, Curtiss propeller (World War I), Paragon 
propeller (N.A.M. 1415). 


Respectfully submitted. 
Puiip §. Horxins, Director. 


Dr. Lronarp CARMICHAEL, 
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution, 


Report on the National Cultural Center 


Sir: I have the honor to submit, on behalf of the Board of Trustees, 
a status and financial report on the National Cultural Center for the 
period April 1959 through June 30, 1968. 


ORGANIZATION 


Public Law 85-874, September 2, 1958, established the National 
Cultural Center as a bureau of the Smithsonian Institution, to be 
directed by a Board of Trustees to be composed as follows: The Sec- 
retary of Health, Education, and Welfare; the Librarian of Congress; 
the Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs; the Chairman 
of the Commission of Fine Arts; the President of the Board of 
Commissioners of the District of Columbia; the Chairman of the 
District of Columbia Recreation Board; the Director of the National 
Park Service; the Commissioner of U.S. Office of Education; the 
Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution; 3 Members of the Senate 
appointed by the President of the Senate and 3 Members of the House 
of Representatives appointed by the Speaker of the House of Repre- 
sentatives ex officio; and 15 general trustees who must be citizens of 
the United States. 

Mrs. John F. Kennedy and Mrs. Dwight D. Eisenhower serve as 
honorary cochairmen. 

In addition, the act provided for the establishment of an Advisory 
Committee on the Arts, composed of such members as the President 
may designate to serve at the pleasure of the President. The mem- 
bers of this committee are individuals who are recognized for their 
knowledge of, or experience or interest in, one or more of the per- 
forming arts. 

At the present time, the Board of Trustees and elected officers of 
the Center are as follows: 


Trustees: 
Howard F. Ahmanson. Leonard Carmichael. 
Floyd D. Akers. Anthony J. Celebrezze. 
Lucius D. Battle. Joseph S. Clark. 
Ralph HK. Becker. J. William Fulbright. 
K. LeMoyne Billings. Mrs. George A. Garrett. 
Edgar M. Bronfman. Francis Keppel. 
John Nicholas Brown. Mrs. Albert D. Lasker. 
Ralph J. Bunche. George Meany. 


234 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 235 


Trustees—Continued 


L. Quincy Mumford. Frank Thompson. 

Mrs. Charlotte T. Reid. Walter N. Tobriner. 
Richard S. Reynolds, Jr. William Walton. 
Frank H. Ricketson, Jr. William H. Waters, Jr. 
Leverett Saltonstall. Conrad L. Wirth. 

Mrs. Jouett Shouse. Jim Wright. 


L. Corrin Strong. 


Chairman.—Roger L. Stevens. 

Vice Chairman.—L. Corrin Strong. 

Treasurer.—Daniel W. Bell. 

Counsel.—Ralph H. Becker. 

Assistant Secretary.—Mrs. James Cantrell. 

Assistant Treasurers.—Paul Seltzer, Kenneth Birgfeld. 


As directed in the act, the Board shall (1) present classical and 
contemporary music, opera, drama, dance, and poetry from this and 
other countries; (2) present lectures and other programs; (3) develop 
programs for children and youth and the elderly in such arts designed 
specifically for their participation, education, and recreation; and 
(4) provide facilities for other civic activities at the Cultural Center. 

While congressional action provided the site upon which the Center 
will be built, it was specified that construction funds should be 
raised by the voluntary contributions of the American people. Con- 
gress therefore authorized a nationwide fund-raising campaign, the 
first such national campaign committed to a cultural enterprise. 


PROGRESS DURING 1962-63 


Since the beginning of 1962, the Center has been vigorously engaged 
in a number of varied fund-raising programs: 

(1) President's business committee-——Under the chairmanship of 
Ernest R. Breech, formerly chairman, Ford Motor Co., and now di- 
rector and chairman of Trans World Airlines, Inc., a committee has 
been formed to seek contributions to the Center from American indus- 
try and business. The goal set is $6 million, or one-fifth of the total 
cost of the Center. Some of the most prominent businessmen in 
the United States have agreed to serve upon this committee and to 
solicit industrial contributions within those areas with which they 
are identified. 

(2) Seat endowment campaign—The President has appointed 
Edgar M. Bronfman, president of Joseph E. Seagram & Sons, Inc., 
as chairman of the Seat Endowment Committee. By means of this 
program, individuals and organizations are able to endow a per- 
manent seat in one of the Center’s three halls. A tax-deductible 
donation of $1,000 will entitle the donor to lasting recognition as a 
virtual founder of the Center and his gift will be acknowledged by 
a bronze plaque affixed to the back of the seat. 


236 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


(3) Service band recordings.—For the first time, the music of the 
four U.S. military bands has been recorded for sale to the public, and 
all profits from the sale of the albums are being given to the Cultural 
Center. The records were released by RCA Victor in May 1963 and 
to date have sold nearly 150,000 copies. ‘The Center receives 95 cents 
per album after the initial overhead of approximately $20,000 has been 
deducted. 

(4) Washington area campaign—tThe Greater Washington area, 
under the chairmanship of Mrs. Hugh D. Auchincloss, has been 
charged with the responsibility of raising $7.5 million, or one-fourth 
of the total cost of the Center. The committees have now been formed 
and all fund-raising projects in this area put into vigorous action. 
Involving some 5,000 workers, the programs include a Special Gifts 
Campaign to solicit donations of $1,000 and over, and a General Cam- 
paign enlisting support from the area’s schools and universities, busi- 
nesses, labor unions, the professions, fraternal orders, etc., for con- 
tributions of up to $1,000. 


ARCHITECTURAL PLANNING 


With the advent of 1962 the Trustees, feeling that the original $75 
million concept of the Center was unnecessarily costly, asked the archi- 
tect, Edward Durell Stone, to furnish an alternative design. In the 
summer of that year, Mr. Stone provided a series of plans for group- 
ing the three halls (1,200-seat theater ; 2,750-seat symphony hall; and 
2,500-seat hall for opera, ballet, and musical theater) under a single 
roof—at less than one-half the original cost. In addition, a garden- 
like roof area, with retractable roof insuring use in all weather, was 
designed to accommodate band concerts, art exhibits, festivals, chil- 
dren’s theater, theater-in-the-round, and two restaurants. 

In September 1962 the new model was presented to the Center’s two 
honorary cochairmen, Mrs. Kennedy and Mrs. Eisenhower, as well 
as to the Board of Trustees and the Commission of Fine Arts. It was 
received with unanimous enthusiasm and approval. 

The site designated by Congress for the Center is the area in the 
District of Columbia bounded by the Inner Loop Freeway on the east, 
the Theodore Roosevelt Bridge approaches on the south, Rock Creek 
Parkway on the west, and New Hampshire Avenue and F Street on 
the north. 

FUTURE PROSPECTS 


By June 1963, all the aforementioned fund-raising programs were 
well launched, and prospects of attaining individual program quotas 
were promising. In March 1963 a conditional grant of $5 million 
was secured from the Ford Foundation, payable when the Center’s 
fund-raising total reaches $15 million. 


PLATE 15 


Secretary's Report, 1963 


19}U9) [ezngyne) [BUOTIEN] fo [PPPPIN 


= 


Sena 


SECRETARY'S REPORT 237 


In addition to this welcome boost to the campaign, the Center was 
fortunate in receiving a most generous gift of marble from the Gov- 
ernment of Italy. 

Approaching the expiration of the 5-year term for fund-raising 
specified in the original act, a 3-year extension, to September 1966, 
was pending in Congress at the end of the fiscal year. Under the terms 
of the extension, the number of general trustees will be increased from 
15 to 30. 

While the outset of a national fund-raising campaign of this magni- 
tude must inevitably be slow, the time has now arrived—when we 
have one-third of the total funds required—when we can anticipate 
with confidence the rapid realization of our ultimate goal to create 
in the Nation’s Capital a national center for the performing arts. 

Respectfully submitted. 

Roger L. Stevens, Chairman. 
Dr. Lronarp CARMICHAEL, 
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. 


The National Cultural Center Financial Report for the period 
July 1, 1963, through November 30, 1963, follows: 


238 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


AUDIT 


December 4, 1963 
Washington, D.C. 


To THE BoARD OF TRUSTEES OF 
THE NATIONAL CULTURAL CENTER 
Washington, D.C. 


Gentlemen : 

We have examined the books and records of THE NATIONAL CULTURAL 
CENTER for the period July 1, 1963, through November 30, 1963, and submit our 
report herewith as follows: 

Exhibit A—Balance Sheet as of November 30, 1963. 

Exhibit B—Statement of Income, Expenses, and Fund Balance for the 
Month of November 1963 and the Five Months Ended November 30, 1963. 

Exhibit C—Statement of Income, Expenses, and Fund Balance for the 
Period from Inception April 1, 1959 through November 30, 1963. 

Exhibit D—Analysis of Cash in Banks for the Period from Inception April 1, 
1959 through November 30, 1963. 

Schedule 1—Schedule of Time Deposits. 

Schedule 2—Public Relations and Fund Raising Fees for the Period from 
Inception April 1, 1959 through November 30, 19638. 


Our examination was made in accordance with generally accepted auditing 
standards and accordingly included such tests of the accounting records and 
such other auditing procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. 

In our opinion the accompanying report presents fairly the financial position of 
THE NATIONAL CULTURAL CENTER at November 30, 1963 and the results 
of its operation for the period then ended in conformity with generally accepted 
accounting principles. 

Respectfully submitted, 

(S) Joun J. ADDABBO 
Certified Public Accountant 


SECRETARY'S REPORT 239 


EXHIBIT A 


BALANCE SHEET 
November 30, 1963 


ASSETS 
Cash in banks: 
General accounts: 
National Cultural Center—general 
ENC KGI Mny Fyseleeyal ia ML 2 a aa $1, 006, 548. 96 
Time deposits—Schedule 1__-_-_.------- 1, 690, 321. 47 $2, 696, 870. 43 


Reserve accounts: 
National Cultural Center—reserve 


PEN GXGY OTN Fey clear NN aa 46, 156. 37 
Time deposits—Schedule 1__-_-_------ 201, 678. 53 247, 834. 90 
RG ESV AC AS TTR R are Nie erences DL Lao aed a Sy ie ee ee eke a 619. 37 
DWepositmumvhbeairliness 3 4s ae oo 8 ale Oo eee a ea 850. 00 
Pledges receivable: 
National General Account___________----- 5, 439, 167. 00 
National tangible property__-.__---------- 1, 168, 000. 00 
National Seat Reserve Account____-------- 7, 500. 00 
President’s Business Committee _________-- 579, 800. 01 
SVE Na tiOMmalen bey ips bre We oe ee 9, 210. 00 
Washington Area Building Fund—general 
ACC OUML Byieeten yee eae epee aw ey eR ele 325, 333. 46 
Washington Area Building Fund—reserve 
ESSA ya ea a Sg ws ne Ps 369, 683. 77 
Washington Area Seat Reserve Account---- 30, 236. 24 
Washington Area Federal Employee Drive_- 4, 335. 50 
Washington Area Federal Employee Drive— 
Sess Minko assay oe ee oe ee 2, 075. 00 
Washington area tangible property - _- ----- 35, 000. 00 
School Children’s Reserve Fund_-_-_---_-_-_-- 300. 00 7, 970, 640. 98 
Fixed assets: 
Wostrok Tae 7k Ne se 146, 000. 00 
Construction) costs 6 2 aa ayy 348, 870. 57 
Furniture and equipment__-__-_- $6, 466. 67 
Less: Reserve for deprecia- 
(0) 0 expla apn mae a ce Pa, eile, fab 4, 334. 96 499, 205. 53 


Other assets: 
Videotape—Closed Circuit Telecast assigned 
AEE KS) Se eR ES le ye an SPR reaver 150, 000. 00 
Deferred charges—Creative America_-______ 107, 000. 00 257, 000. 00 


FO GAIGASSE LS te ee ere rite age ADU LON FANN aL 2 antl ae 11, 673, 021. 21 


240 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 
EXHIBIT A—Continued 


BALANCE SHEET—Continued 


LIABILITIES AND NET WORTH 


Bayrollataxesvacenued ati mere fo ey ess eee aati $551. 89 
New worth: 
Pledges receivable__________..___--__---- $7, 970, 640. 98 
JH aN | ovey Fey nie) ey as net as SSL eres age Sea ee ea 3, 701, 828. 34 
AD Gaal ne Ge wri bass 11, 672, 469. 32 
Total liabilities and net worth__________________- 11, 673, 021. 21 
EXHIBIT B 


STATEMENT OF INCOME, EXPENSES, AND FUND BALANCE 
For the Month of November 1963 and Five Months Ended November 30, 1963 


Income November Five Months 


Contributions and pledges paid in: 
General accounts: 


National General Account_____________-_- $507, 897. 66 |$1, 531, 492. 95 
President’s Business Committee_________- 300, 233. 99 689, 149. 99 
ine wAts) Gittsi Comat tees een eee Oi ey ea 5, 000. 00 
Closed Circuit Telecast—net proceeds_-__-_ 470. 00 908. 90 
Washington Area Building Fund—general 
VECO UTIL ie EEO ERE ool a UNE ape cnet Ae 2, 268. 90 40, 896. 07 
Washington Area Federal Employee Drive- 2, 159. 92 113, 444. 03 
Austrian Embassy Benefit—net proceeds-- (110. 88) 11, 247. 11 
Peter Pan (Benefit. 2 ee 3, 375. 00 3, 875. 00 
Total general accounts___________- 816, 294. 59 | 2, 396, 014. 05 
Reserve accounts: 
National Seat Reserve Account__________- 1, 200. 00 7, 000. 00 
Washington Area Building Fund—reserve 
ACCOUMbE LW selec oN Beh ee ees 2, 051. 69 65, 176. 92 
Washington Area Seat Reserve Account__-_ 1, 400. 00 7, 905. 95 
Washington Area Federal Employee 
Drive—seat endowment____________--- 1, 000. 00 12, 200. 00 
School Children’s Reserve Fund_-_-______-- 457. 67 18, 840. 18 
John F. Kennedy Memorial Fund_-_------ 1, 145. 00 1, 145. 00 


Total reserve accounts______-_-_--- 7, 254. 36 112, 268. 05 


Potaluncome 2222222) u ee aeee eee 823, 548.95 | 2, 508, 282. 10 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 


EXHIBIT B—Continued 


241 


STATEMENT OF INCOME, EXPENSES, AND FUND BALANCE—Continued 
For the Month of November 1963 and Five Months Ended November 30, 1963 


Income November 
Expenses: 
Salaries—— majors se eee sae eee $3, 889. 57 
Salaries — AO eM ies NPE ee ak ek ll ar 1, 736. 18 
xctinap epi: 2) 2x 2) ese re pies 2 Bean te 79. 26 
Depreciation—furniture and equipment__-- 52. 06 
Equipment—rental and repairs___-------- 55. 75 
TV USES aN RS RI gE a, a ceo ea ON ms aes ey 
Office supplies and postage_____---------- 61. 90 
D.C. area expenses—general_---....---.- 418. 52 
College Drama Kestival=2-- i422 222-288 1, 000. 00 
BSC Ee CORGIM ee Ee as yA 2 eas US eee er 
Sousa Memorial Fund__._...------------ 58. 00 
SestenGdowimMenteeaeaastlse ss = eee eu ee ee ees 
Primtingsamd) publicihy222222 2222255 222 ses 578. 93 
BROMTO LO Mes ees Sia ee ete een vas rae 1, 943. 92 
Rublicationspe eee. VEE eee eee eee 159. 60 
Telephone and telegraph____.-__--------- 1, 273. 88 
Travel and maintenance_____-_---------- 1, 300. 80 
Taxes—payroll and Civil Service _-_------- 46. 82 
Wnclassitiedisce sae oe St Se ee eh 150. 00 
ANC ONUTO EYE» a oa A a sel (BE a ee 
Hira SIUN Ts Ta CC eee RR ie EM ak Ree EP: ire Va ere Le ek 


President’s Business Committee____._____]___-_-_--_--_-- 
Hederalelmployeey Drives 2 225.24 5 eek lee a ee 


Public relations fees__.__._.___.__----------- 3, 000. 
Motalkexpenses/72. 2s Hee 15, 805. 

Excess of receipts over expenses_------------- 807, 7438. 
Fund balance—beginning of period_-_-_-------- 2, 894, 084. 


Fund balance November 30, 1963___---------- 3, 701, 828. 


58 


34 


Five Months 


$24, 403. 
13, 836. 
805. 


125. 690. 
2, 382, 591. 
1, 319, 236. 


3, 701, 828. 


76 


34 


242 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


EXHIBIT C 


STATEMENT OF INCOME, EXPENSES, AND FUND BALANCE 
For the Period From Inception April 1, 1959, Through November 30, 1963 


Income: 
Contributions and pledges paid in: 
General accounts: 
National General Account_________-_ 
President’s Business Committee _____ 
Fine Arts Gifts Committee________- 
Closed Circuit ‘Telecast—net pro- 


Washington Area Building Fund— 
generalaccount os 522.22 ee 
Washington Area Federal Employee 


$1, 778, 157. 
1, 193, 074. 
12, 500. 
362, 205. 

1, 147, 526. 


128, 223. 


Motaleeweral ae courts eye aes ae ath eee 


Reserve accounts: 
National Reserve Account_________- 
National Seat Reserve Account_-_-_-__ 
Washington Area Building Fund— 
TESehVe aAcCCOUN bee ae 
Washington Area Seat Reserve Ac- 


Washington Area Endowment Fund_ 
Washington Area Federal Employee 

Drive—Seat Endowment_-_______- 
School Children’s Reserve Fund__--- 
John F. Kennedy Memorial Fund __- 


170, 202. 


26, 375. 
894. 


MROGAV ESET VS rAC CO UTNEG ee as ae ee ena 


EG GERM Stra CO Tae ee Re Vek an ly oe ee 


Expenses : 
Salaries=—majors2 mes Pees ee 
Salaries: @ascee. HUW Seah ial ee eye 
Salaries——Fine Arte. (200 Su eee 
dp. 6 21 OLE) (0 ye Un i SS aU a ae ea 
Depreciation—furniture and equipment _ - 
Equipment—rental and repairs_______--- 


Office supplies and postage_-______-__---_- 
D.C. area expenses—general___________- 
Fine Arts Gifts Committee____________- 
College Drama Festival__..________-_-_- 
IBandire corcita ou Wa scl/s Uae re an ie nL Ua 
Sousa Memorial Fund_____________----- 
Seatiencdowment Messe se a mlinahs iene 
Printinsand publicityals2. 252s 2 eee 


$4, 636, 809. 85 


247, 834. 90 


4, 884, 644. 75 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 


EXHIBIT C—Continued 


243 


STATEMENT OF INCOME, EXPENSES, AND FUND BALANCE—Continued 
For the Period From Inception April 1, 1959, Through November 30, 1963 


Expenses—Continued 


ROTO bi Tepes a LO eae 
RUUD LIGAtIONS 25 32 ki a Ed 
Telephone and telegraph- ----------- 
Travel and maintenance____________- 
Taxes—payroll and Civil Service - - --- 
WWamnclassitie che us Weck alan ee hea 3 
ENO G CLAN ANG s ene ey nn ST DET Ba ea 
mStirancersue iene LMaige LS eee 


Federal Employee Drive____--------- 
Public relations fees—Schedule 1_-_-__-_ 
Miscellaneous fees_________________- 


het $51, 958. 
eer 8, 365. 
sa 36, 191. 
cue 83, 255. 
ie 14, 728. 
a 1, 973. 
i Neal 11, 900. 
ie 4, 347. 
eS 5, 088. 
Sua 87, 818. 
dey 2) O12. 
iio 320, 009. 
ace 3, 250. 


05 
26 
94 
38 
45 
37 
00 
48 
89 
95 
50 
99 
00 


PROtalexpensese ss sys mie 2a ibe Mea aie Wie Te Ne 


Excess of receipts over expenses—fund balance 


EXHIBIT D 


ANALYSIS OF CASH IN BANKS 
For the Period From Inception April 1, 1959, Through November 30, 1963 


Cash in banks—general account: 


Contributions and pledges paid into general account—Ex- 


Deduct: 


Operating expenses—Exhibit C_________ 


Expenditures to acquire assets: 


Petty cash—Exhibit A_____________- 
Deposit with airline—Exhibit A_____-_ 
Fixed assets—Exhibit A_____________ 
Other assets—Exhibit A____________-_ 


oe SSI 1S2e8t6. 


ae 619. 
earn 850. 
wee 499, 205. 
sree 257, 000. 


37 
00 
53 
00 


Cash in banks—general account______.____-_-_----_____-_-- 


Cash in banks—reserve accounts: 
Contributions and pledges paid into 


TDS] OVI KO) se i SGP ate pe a A gg He AR net er ei CN Sia 


Cash in banks—reserve accounts___________________________ 


$1, 182, 816. 41 


3, 701, 828. 34 


$4, 636, 809. 85 
551. 89 


4, 637, 361. 74 


1, 940, 491. 31 


2, 696, 870. 43 


247, 834. 90 


247, 834. 90 


244 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


SCHEDULE 1 


SCHEDULE OF TIME DEPOSITS 
November 30, 1963 


Time Deposits per Exhibit A—Balance Sheet: 


GenleralVaccounits ye ee eek Ne SD a ee ee $1, 690, 321. 47 
Resernvevaccountsm= 2 2h 22504 )5 Ee ee ee eee ee ee 201, 67 . 53 


Total time deposits per balance sheet ____------------- 1, 892, 000. 00 


Schedule of time deposits 


Percent 
Depositary Date Maturity interest Amount 
deposited date rate per deposited 
annum 
American Security & Trust Co-_--- 2/21/63 2/21/64 | 3% $40, 000. 00 
Washington, D.C. 3/1/63 3/1/64 | 3% 100, 000. 00 
6/20/63 12/20/63 | 3% 9, 000. 00 
8/16/63 2/17/64 | 3% 18, 000. 00 


8/16/63 2/17/64 | 3% 125, 000. 00 
11/18/63 2/17/64 | 3% 100, 000. 00 


Perpetual Building Association----_| 11/15/63 12/15/64 | 4 200, 000. 00 
Washington, D.C. 


Manufacturers Hanover Trust Co_| 11/18/63 11/18/64 | 3% 200, 000. 00 
New York, N.Y. 


iivime erste C ose aes = eee ae 11/18/63 5/17/64 | 3% 200, 000. 00 
New York, N.Y. 


National Bank of Detroit________- 11/18/63 | 11/18/64 | 4 200, 000. 00 
Detroit, Mich. 


Morgan Guaranty Trust Co_------ 11/18/63 | 11/18/64 | 3% 200, 000. 00 
New York, N.Y. 


Manufacturers Nat] Bank of De- 
VSG Lt ee a rn eh 11/18/63 11/18/64 | 3% 200, 000. 00 


Detroit, Mich. 


Home Savings and Loan Associa- 
TCO AS A A a eS a ye 11/18/63 | 11/18/64 | 4. 85 300, 000. 00 
Beverly Hills, Calif. — 
Totalitime deposits 22 244 s|es-s252 5 (bos so ees eee 1, 892, 000. 00 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 245 


SCHEDULE 2 


PUBLIC RELATIONS AND FUND RAISING FEES 
For the Period From Inception April 1, 1959, Through November 30, 1963 


Tamblyn and Brown—April 1959 to January 1960________________ $58, 250. 
George A. Brakeley and Co.—April 1960 to June 1961____________ 106, 000. 
Randolph G. Bishop—April 1959 to June 1961___________________ 25, 749 
Carleton Sprague Smith—August 1960 to February 1961__________ 7, 860 
Lobsenz and Co.—December 1961 to August 1962________________ 68, 000. 
Ruder and Finn—August 1962 to January 1963__________________ PH MEO) 
Thomas Deegan and Co.—February 1963 to, November 1963_______ 27, 000. 

"Teepe: cso aa eo ee ori a gall 320, 009 


707-317—63——_17 


00 
00 


. 99 
. 00 


00 
00 
00 


hy) 


Report on the Library 


Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the activities 
of the Smithsonian library for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1963: 


ACQUISITIONS 


The acquisitions section received 118,101 publications during the 
year. Included in this total were 3,065 purchased items and 1,057 
journal subscriptions. The rest were received as gifts and exchanges. 
Arrangements were established with 142 scientific and learned or- 
ganizations for the exchange of additional publications, and 1,540 
items required special search to obtain. 

Interested donors presented the library with valuable and difficult 
to locate publications. Some of the outstanding are: 


“Colonial Records, 1660-1790,” and “Pennsylvania Archives, 1661-1790,” from 
Mrs. William A. McGuire, Johnstown, Pa. 

“Susquehanna Company Papers,” edited by Julian P. Boyd, from the Cornell 
University Press. 

Cortesao, Armando, and Avelino Teixeira da Mota. Portugaliae Monumenta 
Cartographica. Lisbon, 1960. 5 vols. and index, from the Commissio Executiva 
do V Centena’rro da Morte do Infante D. Henrique, Lisbon, Portugal. 

34 volumes from the estate of Mrs. Helen Augusta Mosher, Marblehead, Mass. 

28 volumes on art from the library of the late Henry Salem Hubbell, Miami, 
Fla. 

647 volumes from the estate of Mrs. Dora W. Boettcher, Washington, D.C. 

972 periodicals on electronics from Mrs. J. B. Brady, Somerset, Md. 

Ross, Marvin C. “Catalogue of the Byzantine and Early Mediaeval Antiquities 
in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection,” vol. 1, Metalwork, Ceramics, Glass, Paint- 
ings, from the author, Washington, D.C. 

45 issues of the Baltimore Sun Almanac, 1876-1925, from Miss Ruby Smith, 
Washington, D.C. 

American Topical Society. Flowers and botanical subjects on stamps, from 
Dr. Willard F. Stanley, Fredonia, N.Y. 

Bruce, A. W. “The Steam Locomotive in America,’ from Thomas T. Taber, 
Madison, N.J. 

Antrim, Earl. “Civil War Prisons and Their Covers,’ from the author. 
Nampa, Idaho. 

Dredge, James. “A Record of the Transportation Exhibits at the World’s 
Columbian Exposition of 1893,” from Mrs. B. B. Bierer, Jr., Washington, D.C. 

Greenwell, G. C. “A Practical Treatise on Mine Engineering, 1855,’ from 
Cornelius U. 8. Roosevelt, Washington, D.C. 

Perlman, Bernard B. “The Immortal Hight, American Painting from Hakins 
to the Armory Show (1870-1913).” 1962. 

Brooks, Van Wyck. ‘John Sloan, a Painter’s Life.’ 1955. From Mrs. John 
Sloan, Wilmington, Del. 


246 


SECRETARY'S REPORT 247 


Duplicate and extraneous materials sent to other libraries amounted 
to 58,818. Of this, 51,512 pieces went to the Library of Congress, 
3,018 to the National Library of Medicine, and 1,375 went to other 
agencies. The section handled a total of 176,919 pieces of material 
during the year. 

CATALOGING AND BINDING 

The catalog section cataloged 7,146 volumes, recataloged 234 items, 
transferred 203 publications, discarded 583 volumes, recorded 32,981 
serials in the Serial Record, and filed 31,270 cards into the card cata- 
log. In addition, 563 trade catalogs and 1,945 titles of short-form 
cataloging were added to the collection. Cataloging of newly ac- 
quired publications on a current basis was emphasized. 

The binding unit prepared 6,600 volumes of books and journals for 
binding by a commercial binder. The hand-binding staff preserved 
2,957 volumes and pamphlets which were either too fragile or valuable 
to be sent outside the Institution for repair. 


REFERENCE AND CIRCULATION 


The reference librarians answered 31,769 requests for specific types 
of information, replied to 2,511 pieces of correspondence, circulated 
35,781 books and journals, and cleared the loan records on 28,874 
volumes. No record is kept of the circulation of books and journals 
assigned to the division collections where they circulate freely within 
the division. Publications borrowed from other libraries, chiefly the 
Library of Congress, totaled 6,423, and 992 volumes were lent. The 
reading and reference facilities of the central and branch libraries 
were used by 27,267 persons. 


BRANCH LIBRARIES 


The branch library for the Museum of History and Technology 
answered 13,057 reference questions, circulated 13,509 books and 
journals, and added 563 trade catalogs to the collection. Visitors 
using the library facilities totaled 6,212. 

The Bureau of American Ethnology branch library answered 1,964 
reference questions, circulated 1,100 books and journals, and provided 
assistance of 1,300 visitors. With improved physical rearrangement 
of the collection, addition of new equipment, and a revised system 
of book selection, the use and importance of this library are developing. 

Procedures for ordering and binding of books and journals were re- 
vised for the branch library of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observ- 
atory, Cambridge, Mass. The number of visitors using this library 
was 7,083, reference questions answered numbered 2,521, and 1,998 
books and journals were circulated. 

A plan to organize and control the collection in the entomology 
branch library was put into operation. A. J. Spohn, formerly with 


248 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


the National War College, was appointed librarian to succeed Miss 
Emily Bennett. 
PROGRAMS AND FACILITIES 


With the addition of the east wing to the Natural History Building, 
the central library acquired new space adjacent to its present location. 
Renovation of this entire area was completed in April. 

Features that contribute to the usefulness of the library consist of 
new equipment, adequate workspace for the staff, reading and brows- 
ing areas, new bookstacks with sliding reference shelves, study carrels, 
electric book lifts, bibliographical and packing areas, a rare book 
room, air conditioning, and good natural and artificial lighting. 

The library for the National Collection of Fine Arts was moved to 
the second floor of the Natural History Building. Floor plans for 
this library, and for the library of the National Portrait Gallery in 
the Patent Office Building, were reviewed, and an estimate for furni- 
ture and equipment was submitted. 


STAFF CHANGES AND ACTIVITIES 


Mrs. Mary A. Huffer was appointed chief of the reference and cir- 
culation section and Jack Marquardt assumed the duties of reference 
librarian in charge of the central reference section. Salvador 
Waller, formerly with the Office of Technical Services, joined the 
catalog section, and Miss Mildred Raitt, formerly with the Chamber 
of Commerce, was appointed order librarian. 

Staff members attended the Special Libraries Association and 
American Library Association annual conferences. Special courses 
and seminars provided the staff with an opportunity for growth and 
development. 

SUMMARIZED STATISTICS 


ACCESSIONS 


Volumes Total recorded 
volumes, 1963 


Smithsonian central library including the Museum of 


INastureal ELE SC@ ray ea eee a a ee 2, 520 353 774 
Museum of History and Technology__-___--_-_----- 5, 322 i 
Astrophysical Observatory (SI)__-.__-__--___----- 3 13, 407 
Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cam- 

Hartel est INT ess ees Ok IN La yl ae as 642 2, 342 
Radiation; and Organisms. sea ens eene eee nen ya 128 2, 167 
Bureau of American Ethnology_____________-__-__- 714 39, 894 
INational7Aur) Museums. 525 tae esi eee 192 1, 148 
National Collection of Fine Arts_________________- 128 14, 519 
National Zoological Parke 2 0uiys Maayan y seen 5 4, 302 


Potale ML STEN ON by Ae Ree Menke a REINS 9, 654 431, 548 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 249 


Unbound volumes of periodicals and reprints and separates from serial pub- 
lications, of which there are many thousands, have not been included in the 
_ above totals. 


Exchanges: 
iINewsexchanses arranged) juts See ee ee 142 
Specially requested publications received_______-_________---------- 1, 540 
Cataloging: 
AVOUT SKC EDL OS Cs oes i age ee ee 9, 888 
Wat O Se Car St Ae he es a Ne ee ee 31, 270 
Serials: Number of serials recorded_______-____----__----_-__-_-_-_-- 32, 981 
Circulation: Loans of books and periodicals________________----_-_--- 35, 781 
Binding and repair: 
Wolumes!sent) to the bindery es ee ee eee ee eee 6, 705 
Volumes repaired in the library________-___-----_-_--_------------ 2,957 


Respectfully submitted. 
Rursx EK. Buancwarp, Librarian. 
Dr. Leonarp CARMICHAEL, 
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. 


Report on Publications 


Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the publica- 


tions of the Smithsonian Institution and its branches for the year 
ended June 30, 1963: 
The publications of the Smithsonian Institution are issued partly 


from federally appropriated funds (Smithsonian Reports and publica- 
tions of the National Museum, the Bureau of American Ethnology, 


and the Astrophysical Observatory) and partly from private endow- 
ment funds (Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, publications of 
the Freer Gallery of Art, and some special publications). The Institu- 
tion also edits and publishes under the auspices of the Freer Gallery 
of Art the series Ars Orientalis, which appears under the joint imprint 
of the University of Michigan and the Smithsonian Institution. In 
addition, the Smithsonian publishes for sale to visitors a guidebook, 
& picture pamphlet, postcards and a postcard folder, color slides, a 
filmstrip on Smithsonian exhibits, a coloring book for children, and 
popular publications on scientific and historical subjects related to its 
important exhibits and collections. Through its publication program 
the Smithsonian endeavors to carry out its founder’s expressed desire 
for the diffusion of knowledge. 

The chief of the division continued to represent the Smithsonian 
Institution on the board of trustees of the Greater Washington Educa- 
tional Television Association, Inc., of which the Institution is a mem- 
ber, and served on its executive committee. He and the assistant chief 
of the division represented the Institution at the annual meeting of 
the Association of American University Presses held in June at Cam- 
bridge, Mass. 

Miss Ruth B. MacManus, assistant editor, who had been associated 
with the editorial operations of the Smithsonian Institution since 1928, 
died on November 17, 1962. 

Ernest EK. Biebighauser, a member of the editorial staff since 1953, 
left the Institution on January 7, 1963, to accept a position with the 
Coast and Geodetic Survey of the Department of Commerce. 


SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS 
In this series there were issued 3 papers as follows: 
Volume 145 


No. 3. The problem of the Viduinae in the light of recent publications, by Her- 
bert Friedmann. 10 pp. (Publ. 4506.) July 20, 1962. (50 cents.) 


250 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 251 


No. 4. Uniformity among growth layers in three ponderosa pine, by Waldo 8. 
Glock, Paul J. Germann, and Sharlene R. Agerter. xiv-++375 pp., 71 figs., 13 pls. 
(Publ. 4508.) February 21,1963. ($6.) 


Volume 146 


No. 1. Aboriginal cultural development in Latin America: An interpretative re- 
view, edited by Betty J. Meggers and Clifford Evans. vi+148 pp., 20 figs. 
(Publ. 4517.) June 17,1963. ($5.) 


SMITHSONIAN ANNUAL REPORTS 


REPORT FOR 1961 
The complete volume of the Annual Report of the Board of Regents 
for 1961 was received from the printer on November 15, 1962. 


Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution showing 
the operations, expenditures, and condition of the Institution for the year 
ended June 80,1961. x-++579 pp., illus. (Publ. 4478.) 


The general appendix contained the following papers (Publ. 4479- 
4499) : 


Some astronomical aspects of life in the universe, by Su-Ssu Huang. 

X-rays from the sun, by Herbert Friedman. 

The challenge of space exploration, by Robert C. Seamang, Jr. 

The Smithsonian’s satellite-tracking program, by H. Nelson Hayes. 

The main lines of mathematics, by J. L. B. Cooper. 

Harly experiments in instrument flying, by James H. Doolittle. 

Three famous early aero engines, by Robert B. Meyer, Jr. 

Organic chemistry : a view and a prospect, by Sir Alexander Todd. 

The new age of the sea, by Philip B. Yeager. 

Drilling beneath the deep sea, by William E. Benson. 

A natural history of trilobites, by H. B. Whittington. 

Chromosomes and the theory of heredity, by C. D. Darlington. 

Tropical climates and biology, by G. S. Carter. 

Outdoor aerobiology, by P. H. Gregory. 

The detection and evasion of bats by moths, by Kenneth D. Roeder and Asher 
E. Treat. 

The honey bee, by James I. Hambleton. 

Evolution, genetics, and anthropology, by A. H. Mourant. 

Australopithicines and the origin of man, by J. T. Robinson. 

The skull of Shanidar II, by T. D. Stewart. 

Heyerdahl’s Kon-Tiki theory and its relation to ethnobotany, by F. P. Jonker. 

Minerals in art and archeology, by Rutherford J. Gettens. 


REPORT FOR 1962 
The report of the Secretary, which will form part of the 1962 Annual 
Report of the Board of Regents, was issued January 24, 1963. 


Report of the Secretary and financial report of the Executive Committee of the 
Board of Regents for the year ended June 380, 1962. x+241 pp., 16 pls. (Publ. 
4514.) 


252 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS 


Brief guide to the Smithsonian Institution, new ed. 80 pp., illus. (Publ. 4507.) 
October 9, 1962. (25 cents.) 

Preliminary field guide to the birds of the Indian Ocean, by George E. Watson, 
Richard L. Zusi, and Robert H. Storer. x+214 pp., 19 pls..17 maps. (Publ. 
4541.) February 28, 1963. 

Correspondence between Spencer Fullerton Baird and Louis Agassiz—Two 
pioneer American naturalists, collected and edited by Elmer Charles Herber. 
237 pp., 16 pis. (Publ. 4515.) June 21,1963. ($5.) 

Author-subject index to articles in Smithsonian Annual Reports, compiled by 
Ruth M. Stemple and the Editorial and Publications Division. vi-+-200 pp. 
(Publ. 4503.) January 30, 1963. 


REPRINTS 


A biographical sketch of James Smithson. 20 pp., illus. (Publ. 2276.) April 23, 
1968. (50 cents.) 


Anthropology as a career, by William C. Sturtevant. 20 pp. (Publ. 4343.) 
April 12, 1963. (20 cents.) 

The story of transportation, by E. John Long. 36 pp., illus. (Publ. 4312.) 
May 25, 1968. (50 cents.) 


PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


The editorial work of the National Museum continued during the 
year under the immediate direction of John S. Lea, assistant chief of 
the division. The following publications were issued: 


REPORT 


The United States National Museum annual report for the year ended June 30, 
1962. viii-++195 pp., illus. January 24, 1968. 


BULLETINS 


100, volume 14, parts 1-4. Title page, table of contents, and index. vii+443- 
461 pp., May 16, 1963. 
228. Contributions from the Museum of History and Technology: Papers 19-30, 
by members of the staff and others. 
Paper 29. The development of electrical technology in the 19th century: 
2. The telegraph and the telephone, by W. James King. Pp. 273-3832, 
80 figs. Sept. 17, 1962. 
Paper 30. The development of electrical technology in the 19th century: 
8. The early arc light and generator, by W. James King. Pp. 333-407, 
92 figs. Sept. 17, 1962. 
233. Host relations of the parasitic cowbirds, by Herbert Friedmann. ix+276 
pp. June 13, 1963. 
235. American military insignia, 1800-1851, by J. Duncan Campbell and Hdgar M. 
Howell. xv-+124 pp., 277 figs. June 27, 1963. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 253 
PROCEEDINGS 


Volume 118 


Title page, table of contents, and index. Pp. i-v-+637-660. Jan. 9, 1968. 

No. 3459. Plectrotaxy as a systematic criterion in lithobiomorphic centipedes 
(Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha), by Ralph E. Crabill, Jr. Pp. 399-412, 1 fig. 
July 12, 1962. 

No. 3461. Synopsis of the Neotropical cockroach genus Macrophyllodromia 
(Orthoptera: Blattoidea, Epilampridae), by Isolda Rocha e Silva Albuquerque. 
Pp. 421-428, 14 figs. Aug. 29, 1962. 

No. 3465. The heleomyzid flies of America north of Mexico (Diptera: Heleo- 
myzidae), by Gordon D. Gill. Pp. 495-603, 96 figs. Aug. 30, 1962. 

No. 3466. The non-brachyuran decapod crustaceans of Clipperton Island, by 
Fenner A. Chace, Jr. Pp. 605-635, 7 figs. Aug. 29, 1962. 


Volume 114 


No. 3467. Scarab beetles of the genus Onthophagus Latreille north of Mexico 
(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), by Henry F. Howden and Oscar L. Cartwright. 
Pp. 1-135, 11 figs., 9 pls. Jan. 9, 1963. 

No. 3468. New species of spider wasps, genus Auplopus, from the Americas south 
of the United States (Hymenoptera: Psammocharidae), by R. R. Dreisbach. 
Pp. 137-211, 18 pls. Mar. 19, 1963. 

No. 3469. Some North American moths of the genus Acleris (Lepidoptera: Tortri- 
cidae), by Nicholas S. Obraztsov. Pp. 213-270, 7 figs., 18 pls. May 7, 1968. 
No. 3470. A revision of the North American annelid worms of the genus Cam- 
barincola (Oligochaeta: Branchiobdellidae), by Richard L. Hoffman. Pp. 

271-371, 79 figs. Mar. 6, 1963. 

No. 3471. Geographic variation in the thrush Hylocichla ustulata, by Gorman 
M. Bond. Pp. 373-887, 1 fig. Mar. 6, 1968. 

No. 3472. Review of the hawkfishes (family Cirrhitidae), by John H. Randall. 
Pp. 389-451, 16 pls. May 28, 1963. 

No. 3473. Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, I: Rhyacophilidae and Glossoso- 
matidae (Trichoptera), by Oliver 8S. Flint, Jr. Pp. 453-478, 8 figs. Apr. 16, 
1963. 

No. 3474. Weevils of the genus Maemdactes, by David G. Kissinger. Pp. 479-486, 
1 fig. Mar. 19, 1963. 


PUBLICATIONS OF THE BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY 


The editorial work of the Bureau continued under the immediate 
direction of Mrs. Eloise B. Edelen. The following publications were 
issued during the year : 


Seventy-ninth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 1961-62. 
ii+29 pp.,2 pls. 1963. 

Bulletin 181. Isleta paintings, with introduction and commentary by Elsie Clews 
Parsons. Edited by Esther S. Goldfrank. xvi+299 pp., 142 pls. (incl. 12 pls. 
in color). 1962. 

Bulletin 182. River Basin Surveys Papers, No. 25. Archeology of the John H. 
Kerr Reservoir Basin, Roanoke River, Virginia-North Carolina, by Carl F. 
Miller. With appendix: Human skeletal remains from the Tollifero (He6) 


254 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


and Clarksville (Mc14) sites, John H. Kerr Reservoir Basin, Virginia, by 
Lucile E. Hoyme and William M. Bass. xvi+447 pp., 110 pls., 65 figs., 20 
maps. 1962. 

Bulletin 184. The Pueblo of Sia, New Mexico, by Leslie A. White. xii+-358 pp., 
12 pls., 55 figs. 1962. 

Bulletin 185. River Basin Surveys Papers, Nos. 26-32. xii+344 pp., 57 pls., 43 
figs.,5 maps. 1963. 

No. 26. Small sites on and about Fort Berthold Reservation, Garrison Reser- 
voir, North Dakota, by George Metcalf. 

No. 27. Star Village: A fortified historic Arikara site in Mercer County, 
North Dakota, by George Metealf. 

No. 28. The dance hall of the Santee Bottoms on the Fort Berthold Reserva- 
tion, Garrison Reservoir, North Dakota, by Donald D. Hartle. 

No. 29, Crow-Flies-High (32MZ1), a historic Hidatsa village in the Gar- 
rison Reservoir area, North Dakota, by Carling Malouf. 

No. 30. The Stutsman Focus: An aboriginal culture complex in the James- 
town Reservoir area, North Dakota, by R. P. Wheeler. 

No. 31. Archeological manifestations in the Toole County section of the 
Tiber Reservoir Basin, Montana, by Carl F. Miller. 

No. 32. Archeological salvage investigations in the Lovewell Reservoir area, 
Kansas, by Robert W. Neuman. 

Bulletin 188. Shonto: A study of the role of the trader in a modern Navaho com- 
munity, by William Y. Adams. xi+329 pp., 10 pls., 3 figs., 3 maps, 12 charts. 
1963. 

PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY 


The editorial work of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory 
continued under the immediate direction of Ernest KE. Biebighauser, 
until his transfer to the Department of Commerce. The year’s publi- 
cations in the series Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics are 
as follows: 


Volume 5 


No. 12. North-south asymmetry in solar spottedness and in great-storm sources. 
Pp. iii+187—-208, 13 figs. 1962. 

A long-term north-south asymmetry in the location of solar sources of great 
geomagnetic storms, by Barbara Bell. 

On the unequal spottedness of the two solar hemispheres, by John G. Wolbach. 

On short-period relations between north-south asymmetry in spottedness and 
in great-storm sources, by Barbara Bell and John G. Wolbach. 

No. 18. Neutral hydrogen between galactic longitudes 200° and 265°, by R. J. 
Davis. Pp. 209-280, 6 figs. 1962. 

No. 14. The space density of atmospheric dust in the altitude range 50,000 to 
90,000 feet, by Paul W. Hodge and Frances W. Wright. Pp. 231-238, 2 figs., 
Ipl. 1962. 

No. 15. Solar radio bursts of spectral types II and IV: Their relations to optical 
phenomena and to geomagnetic activity, by Barbara Bell. Pp. 289-257, 2 figs. 
1963. 

Volume 7 


Proceedings of the symposium on the astronomy and physics of meteors, held at 
Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, Mass., August 28—Sep- 
tember 1, 1961. Whole volume. iv+314 pp., 117 figs., 22 pls. 1963. 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 255 


PUBLICATIONS OF THE NATIONAL COLLECTION OF FINE ARTS 


The following catalogs were issued by the Smithsonian Traveling 
Exhibition Service during the year: 


The Daniells in India, 1786-1793. [44] pp.,illus. (Publ. 45138.) 1962. 
Old Master drawings from Chatsworth. 46 pp., 144illus. 1962. 


PUBLICATIONS OF THE FREER GALLERY OF ART 


The field of stones: A study of the art of Shen Chou (1427-1509), by Richard 
Edwards. Freer Gallery of Art Oriental Studies, No. 5, xxi-+-131 pp., 51 pls. 
(Publ. 4483.) Novy. 7, 1962. ($11.) 

Ancient glass in the Freer Gallery of Art, by Richard Httinghausen. 44 pp., 
with 99 illus. (incl. 3 pls. in color). (Publ. 4509.) July 16, 1962. ($1.65.) 

Chinese album leaves in the Freer Gallery of Art, by James Cahill. 48 pp., 
with 385 illus. (inel. 2 pls. in color). (Publ. 4476.) Nov. 30, 1962. ($1.) 

The Whistler Peacock Room (rev. ed.). vii-++-22 pp., 7 pls. (Publ. 4024.) Dec. 11, 
1962. (385 cents.) 

The Freer Gallery of Art of the Smithsonian Institution (reprint). 16 pp., illus. 
(Publ. 4504.) Aug. 8,1962. (15 cents.) 


REPORTS OF THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION 


The annual reports of the American Historical Association are 
transmitted by the Association to the Secretary of the Smithsonian 
Institution and are by him communicated to Congress, as provided in 
the act of incorporation of the Association. The following report was 
issued during the year: 


Annual Report of the American Historical Association for 1961. Vol. 1, Pro- 
ceedings. 1962. 


REPORT OF THE NATIONAL SOCIETY, DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN 
REVOLUTION 


In accordance with law, the manuscript of the 65th annual report of 
the National Society, Daughters of the American Revolution, was 
transmitted to Congress on May 16, 1963.1 


DISTRIBUTION 


Requests for publications and information continued to increase 
during the year. The publications distribution section, under the im- 
mediate supervision of Mrs. Eileen M. McCarthy, received 38,397 
requests for publications from foreign and domestic libraries, uni- 
versities, research institutions, educational establishments, and in- 
dividuals throughout the world. Visitors to the office and replies to 
Inquiries numbered 30,053. 

A total of 899,788 copies of publications and miscellaneous items 
were distributed : 67 Contributions to Knowledge; 13,207 Smithsonian 


1D.A.R. reports are published as Senate documents and are not available from the 
Smithsonian Institution. 


256 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


Miscellaneous Collections; 8,576 Annual Report volumes and 31,025 
pamphlet copies of Report separates; 50,136 special publications; 164 
reports of the Harriman Alaska Expedition; 48,257 publications of 
the National Museum; 17,722 publications of the Bureau of American 
Ethnology; 112,348 catalogs and leaflets of the National Collection of 
Fine Arts; 546 publications of the Freer Gallery of Art; ? 18 Annals 
of the Astrophysical Observatory; 9,646 Smithsonian Contributions 
to Astrophysics; 679 War Background Studies; 1,763 reports of 
the American Historical Association; and 11,928 publications not 
issued by the Smithsonian Institution. Miscellaneous items: 15 
sets of North American Wild Flowers and 127 North American Wild 
Flower prints; 8 Pitcher Plant volumes; 75,365 Guide Books; 17,529 
picture pamphlets; 359,232 postcards; 25,626 postcard folders; 19,993 
color slides; 96,230 information leaflets; 228 statuettes; 4,855 View- 
master reels. 

The following titles were issued and distributed to libraries as a 
result of the Institution’s participation in the National Science Foun- 
dation translation program: Mammals of Eastern Europe and North- 
ern Asia (Insectivora and Chiroptera), vol. 1, by S. I. Ognev; 
Mammals of Eastern Europe and Northern Asia (Carnivora Fissi- 
pedia), vol. 2, by S. I. Ognev; Aammals of U.SS.R. and Adjacent 
Countries (Carnivora Fissipedia and Pinnipedia), vol. 3, by S. I. 
Ognev; Mammals of USSR. and Adjacent Countries (Rodents), 
vol. 5, by S. I. Ognev; Forty Years of Soviet Anthropology, by G. ¥. 
Debets; Short-Ears and Long-Ears on Easter Island, by N. A. Buti- 
nov; Problems in the History of Primitive Society, by N. A. Butinov; 
Terrestrial Mollusks of the Fauna of the U.S.S.R., by I. M. Likharev 
and EK. S. Rammel’meier; Mauna of Russia and Adjacent Countries 
(Amphibians), by A. M. Nikol’skii; Fawna of USSR. (Crustacea, 
Anomura), vol. 10, No. 3, by V. V. Makarov; The Chalcid Fauna of 
the USSR. (Chalcidoidea), by M. N. Nikol’skaya; Flora of the 
U.S.S.PR., vol. 2, V. L. Komaroy, editor; Special Ichthyology, by G. V. 
Nikol’skii; Freshwater Fishes of the U.S.S.R. and Adjacent Countries, 
vol. 1, by Leo S. Berg; Fawna of US.S.R—Fishes (Gadiformes), 
vol. 9, No. 4, by A. N. Svetovidov; Fundamentals of Paleontology, 
Yu. A. Orlov, editor. 

Respectfully submitted. 

Pavut H. Oruser, 
Chief, Editorial and Publications Division. 
Dr. Lronarp CARMICHAEL, 
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. 


2In addition to those distributed by the Gallery itself. 


Other Activities 


LECTURES 


C. Fayette Taylor, emeritus professor of automotive engineering, 
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, delivered the fourth Lester D. 
Gardner lecture, on “Aircraft Propulsion: A Review of the Evolution 
of Aircraft Powerplants,” in the auditorium of the Freer Gallery of 
Art on the evening of October 5, 1962. This lecture was published in 
full in the genera] appendix of the Annual Report of the Board of 
Regents of the Smithsonian Institution for 1962 (pp. 245-298). 

Dr. John Howard Young, W. H. C. Vickers associate professor of 
archeology, Johns Hopkins University, lectured on “The Royal Sculp- 
tures of Commagene” in the auditorium of the Freer Gallery of Art 
on the evening of February 8, 1963. This lecture was sponsored 
jointly by the Smithsonian Institution and the Archaeological Institute 
of America. 

Hugh Wakefield, keeper of circulation, Victoria and Albert Mu- 
seum, London, England, lectured on “English Victorian Glass” in the 
auditorium of the Freer Gallery of Art on the evening of April 24, 
1963. 

Several lectures were sponsored by the Freer Gallery of Art and the 
National Gallery of Art. These are listed in the reports of these 
bureaus. 

SCIENCE INFORMATION EXCHANGE 


The Science Information Exchange receives, organizes, and dissemi- 
nates information on scientific research in progress. Its mission is to 
facilitate planning and management of scientific research activities 
supported by Government and non-Government agencies and institu- 
tions by promoting the exchange of information that concerns subject 
matter, distribution, level of effort, and other data pertaining to cur- 
rent research in the prepublication stage. It helps program directors 
and administrators to avoid unwanted duplication and to determine 
the most advantageous distribution of research funds. It serves the 
entire scientific community by informing individual investigators 
about who is currently working on problems in their special fields. 

The reorganization and expansion of the Exchange to provide cur- 
rent research information in the physical sciences, in addition to the 
life sciences, have constituted the major task during the past year 
and have progressed quite satisfactorily. The new physical sciences 


257 


258 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


division now has 15 members. The total staff has grown to about 
115, and the plant capability and capacity have been almost doubled. 

The acquisition of current research projects and proposals increased 
sharply from an annual rate of about 56,000 in 1962 to almost 75,000 
in 1968. The total number of active projects on file has risen from 
33,000 to almost 58,000. 

Many new research programs have been added, and many new agen- 
cies, such as the Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, and Inte- 
rior, have begun to register their current research activities. All Fed- 
eral agencies with substantial research programs in basic and applied 
research are now participating. As the coverage of Federal programs 
approaches comprehensive proportions, increasing attention is being 
directed to securing the cooperation of universities, private founda- 
tions, State and city government research organizations, and indus- 
trial laboratories. 

The January 10, 1963, report of the President’s Scientific Advisory 
Committee, entitled “Science, Government, and Information,” noted 
the work of the Exchange and recommended its continued activity on 
a stronger and broader base. The expanded scope in physical sciences 
and the increasing participation by Federal and non-Government 
agencies, as noted above, are well underway. 

The Federal Council for Science and Technology has agreed that on 
July 1, 1963, the National Science Foundation will undertake the re- 
sponsibility for the support of the Exchange through contractual 
arrangements for its continued operation by the Smithsonian Institu- 
tion. Government-wide interests will be served by an advisory board 
of representatives from each of the participating Federal agencies. 


SMITHSONIAN MUSEUM SERVICE 


The Smithsonian Museum Service, through appropriate educational 
media, interprets to museum visitors and to the general public the 
objects, specimens, and exhibits in the several Smithsonian museums 
and develops interpretative and educational material relating to the 
work of the Institution in the fields of science, natural history, art, 
and history. The Museum Service also cooperates with the volun- 
teers of the Junior League of Washington, D.C., who conduct the 
Junior League Guided Tour Program at the Smithsonian. A more 
complete report of this activity, directed by G. Carroll Lindsay, cu- 
rator, is carried in the Report on the U.S. National Museum 
(pp. 59-60). 

The Museum Service provided assistance to professional groups 
and individuals visiting the museums of the Institution or planning to 
do so. Assistance in the form of lectures, answers to inquiries, and 
special tours of certain museum areas was rendered to college and uni- 


SECRETARY’S REPORT 259 


versity groups visiting the Institution and to other groups and indi- 
viduals from the United States and abroad, visiting or planning to 
- visit the Smithsonian in a professional capacity. Mr. Lindsay served 
as consultant on museum organization and practices to representatives 
from other museums on several occasions. 

The Audioguide or radio lecture system in the Museum of Natural 
History was expanded to include two additional exhibit halls: Life 
in the Sea, and Dinosaurs and Other Fossil Reptiles. A total of 37 
Audioguide lectures are now available in the Museum of Natural 
History. 

During the year Mrs, Linda S. Gordon joined the Museum Service 
staff as museum technician in zoology and Mrs. Marjorie M. Halpin 
as museum technician in anthropology. Mrs. Gordon and Mrs. Halpin 
serve as docents and carry on related work to improve the Museum 
Service program of interpreting the museum exhibits to the visitor. 

The assistant curator, Mrs. Sophy Burnham, wrote, produced, and 
directed a 16-mm. color motion picture which depicts the construction 
of the life-size model of the great blue whale exhibited in the new Hall 
of Life in the Sea. Mrs. Burnham, in cooperation with the various 
subject specialists involved, also continued her work in the preparation 
of the Audioguide lectures. 

Special “touch” tours for several groups of blind students were ar- 
ranged during the year. Specimens and objects from the reference 
collections as well as selected portions of the public exhibits are in- 
cluded in the programs arranged for blind persons. 

One-page guide maps which provide floor plans and brief summaries 
of the exhibits shown in the Museum of Natural History and in the 
Arts and Industries Building were prepared. These proved most 
useful in visitor orientation and in answering written inquiries re- 
garding the exhibits in these buildings. 

The Museum Service continued to assist radio and television pro- 
ducers wishing to feature Smithsonian exhibits and scientific work. 
In addition to several local radio and television productions based on 
various aspects of Smithsonian activity, two half-hour programs 
featuring the transportation collections were broadcast on a national 
television network. 

The Museum Service again conducted, in cooperation with the 
University of Maryland, a 5-day workshop on the educational re- 
sources of the Institution. This workshop is designed to acquaint 
graduate students in education with the broad scientific and cultural 
resources of the Smithsonian of value in school curricula. 

The program carried out in cooperation with the Urban Service 
Corps under the direction of Mrs. Arthur Goldberg proved success- 
ful. Local junior high school students were provided with lectures 


260 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


and tours of museum exhibits designed to increase their knowledge 
of the exhibits and work of the Institution. 

More than 400 35-mm. slides of objects, specimens, and exhibits in 
the various museums were accessioned, cataloged, and added to the 
slide library. Slides from this library were used extensively by the 
Smithsonian staff and by borrowers from the United States, Canada, 
and Europe. 

The Museum Service made arrangements for various Smithsonian 
public functions and events, including films, lectures, and the opening 
of new halls and exhibits. Mailing lists for announcements of these 
events were maintained and kept current. 

The Smithsonian Calendar of Events, a listing of special events 
of the Institution, was prepared and distributed monthly. 

The curator attended the following conferences and gatherings: 
The Southeastern Museums Conference in Richmond, Va.; the Con- 
ference of the Society of Architectural Historians in Baltimore, Md. ; 
Annual Winterthur Seminar on Museum Operation and Connoisseur- 
ship at Winterthur, Del.; the Museum Store Association Annual 
Meeting, Minneapolis, Minn.; and the opening of the Mellon Collection 
of British Paintings, Virginia State Museum of Fine Arts. He also 
attended and gave a slide lecture to the National Trust Conference 
for Historic Museum Associates, held at Woodlawn Plantation, Va., 
and participated in a panel discussion at the convention in Denver, 
Colo., of the Department of Audiovisual Education, National Educa- 
tion Association. 

The curator and the assistant curator traveled to Cambridge, Mass., 
to speak to the staff of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory 
on the work and history of the Smithsonian Institution and to view 
operations there. ‘They also visited museums in the Boston area. 

The assistant curator traveled to Baltimore, Md., to view facilities 
of five museums. 


Report of the Executive Committee 
of the Board of Regents of the 


Smithsonian Institution 


For the Year Ended June 30, 1963 


To the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution: 

Your executive committee respectfully submits the following report 
in relation to the funds of the Smithsonian Institution, together with 
a statement of the appropriations by Congress for the Government 
bureaus in the administrative charge of the Institution. 


SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 


PARENT FUND 


The original bequest of James Smithson was £104,960 8s 6d— 
$508,318.46. Refunds of money expended in prosecution of the claim, 
freight, insurance, and other incidental expenses, together with pay- 
ment into the fund of the sum of £5,015, which had been withheld dur- 
ing the lifetime of Madame de la Batut, brought the fund to the 
amount of $550,000. 

The gift of James Smithson was “lent to the United States Treasury, 
at 6 per centum per annum interest” (20 USC 54), and by the Act of 
March 12, 1894 (20 USC 55), the Secretary of the Treasury was 
“authorized to receive into the Treasury, on the same terms as the 
original bequest of James Smithson, such sums as the Regents may 
from time to time see fit to deposit, not exceeding, with the original 
bequest, the sum of $1,000,000.” 

The maximum of $1,000,000 which the Smithsonian Institution was 
authorized to deposit in the Treasury of the United States was reached 
on January 11, 1917, by the deposit of $2,000. 

Under the above authority the amounts shown below are deposited in 
the United States Treasury and draw 6 percent interest : 


Unrestricted funds Income 1968 

JamesiSmithson ss =.) Sok as $727, 640 $438, 658. 40 
PANY Tay gee er ls a Pn aera ae cn ACL 14, 000 840. 00 
1S (GN OX EN ee a RT Ei NS Se a Se 500 30. 00 
HEV OTN ip no hea a een ee 2, 500 150. 00 
Hodgkins (Generali) 222.2 e eee 116, 000 6, 960. 00 
JEU DT RS) Pee RN a MRA I pe CR 26, 670 1, 600. 20 
1 ROA SYES) So WSR pape es eng Pe re IS 590 35. 40 
SILO eee ey ee 0 a le ae a 1, 100 66. 00 
NRO aU Ze SE Eg Pe ara eae eS Je SE $889, 000 53, 340. 00 


707-317—63——18 261 


262 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


Restricted funds Income 1968 

Eodgekins (Specific) 2222=2 22 aaa 100, 000 6, 000. 00 
Reid 2. 22k a 2 i Se 11, 000 660. 00 
PTB Geegi gtes wc eae he le ta SS Gee ee eee 111, 000 6, 660. 00 
Grand: totallwsice okie we Slee eT oe ee ae BE 1,000,000 60, 000. 00 


Tn addition to the $1,000,000 deposited in the Treasury of the United 
States there has been accumulated from income and bequests the sum 
of $4,489,870.56 which has been invested. Of this sum, $4,254,290.71 is 
carried on the books of the Institution as the Consolidated Fund, a 
policy approved by the Regents at their meeting on December 14, 1916. 
The balance is made up of several small funds. 


CONSOLIDATED FUND 


(Income for the unrestricted use of the Institution) 


Fund Investment 1963 Income 1963 

AibbottseW silies Speciale is Balai yet see eee Tee $23, 595. 27 | $1, 195. 47 
Averya Robert ojandsliycia tas ssa ee 62, 556.92 | 3, 169. 51 
Gifts, royalties, gain on sale of securities______-_-_- 437, 288.17 | 22, 155. 81 
Hachenberg, George P. and Caroline--_---------_-- 6, 369. 45 BD, 7133 
VB Ge yaaullye(oy HbA Ie CaVEIs i aa hea es ah hel ee a ea Sa 639. 29 32. 38 
feb Gust anvils mess as ee Ses aes Lge eo eee 771. 40 39. 07 
Henrys; Carolimen x. Samy a urea ae Se nee ae ae 1, 915. 42 97. 03 
Henry, cosephyand: Hanrietp Av yo see eee eee 77, 636. 17 3, 933. 55 
Higbee, Harry, Memorial Fund_-_-____----_-------- 18, 918. 26 713. 50 
Hodgkins thomas Crm (Genenral) sess meeeeee ae 47,975. 50 | 2, 430. 75 
Miorrowan wag lit) Wire oe ates ee alee ees 122, 469. 22 | 6, 205. 05 
Olmsted) SHelem:A ws ase fe AA eS ene ey eee 1, 269. 73 64. 33 
Poore; lucy. a and Georges Wie eee a= eee 257, 760. 56 | 13, 059. 81 
Porter benny, Wirke (uote a we Se es 453, 575. 46 | 22, 980. 99 
Rees. i; William Jomnes?s 022 ee ae ae ae ee 749. 28 37. 95 
SamfordwiGeorgey Nt se aes ves ty or eee unnlees ee enews 1, 409. 80 71. 45 
Smithson James sakes eyes ey Ana Na nen Crees 1, 933. 47 97. 99 
Racgarts! Gansems lion iAy sie ieee ee eee 566. 45 28. 72 
Witherspoon. hhomlas Alaa ee ee eee eee 204, 383. 08 | 10, 355. 33 

BG fz) LB A QU PG a 1, 721, 782. 90 | 86, 991. 42 


*In addition to funds deposited in the United States Treasury. 


REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 


CONSOLIDATED FUND 


(Income restricted to specific use) 


Fund 


Investment 1963 


Abbott, William L., for investigations in biology_-_-- 
Armstrong, Edwin James, for use of Department of 
Invertebrate Paleontology when principal amounts 
{bi SEV, COO) ea a ei Ma as 
Arthur, James, for investigations and study of the 
sun and annual lecture on same_______________- 
Bacon, Virginia Purdy, for traveling scholarship to 
investigate fauna of countries other than the 
WimibeaeS tates. ya a Otis eb 


Barney, Alice Pike, for collection of paintings and 
pastels and for encouragement of American 
ALGISHICEEMGEA VOLE Aer sn hee ite eae i Doe eae 

Barstow, Frederick D., for purchase of animals for 
AO OO GAC A eee Kester AS NE Ses Se EI Nae ete 

Brown, Roland W., endowment fund for study, care, 
and improvement of the Smithsonian paleobotan- 
HCAMCOME CETO MSE Hae soe aiid rll) AEN ce ARMac RAI 

Canfield collection, for increase and care of the 
Cantieldicollection ofimineralsons 222 225) 22222 328 

Casey, Thomas L., for maintenance of the Casey 
collection and promotion of researches relating to 
CWOlEO MLE ame es FAME, Abd Ven a ieee OOO 9 SAO 

Chamberlain, Francis Lea, for increase and promo- 
tion of Isaac Lea collection of gems and mollusks_ 

Dykes, Charles, for support in financial research____ 

Hickemeayer, Florence Brevoort, for preservation and 
exhibition of the photographie collection of 
udolpnehickemeayers Irs. 2222 eee ee 

Hanson, Martin Gustav and Caroline Runice, for 
some scientific work of the Institution, preferably 
Ta ClaeiaTaMseyy Ce eave hiernavey a LL ee 

Higbee, Harry, income for general use of the 
Smithsonian Institution after June 11, 1967_____- 

Hillyer, Virgil, for increase and care of Virgil Hillyer 
collection of lighting objectse2 === == 52 rss 

Hitchcock, Albert S., for care of the Hitchcock 
APLOSCOLO SICAL Mil RAG y= 2 eso eae ee eee 

Hrdli¢ka, AleS and Marie, to further researches in 
physical anthropology and publication in con- 
ME CE OMBU MET e Wat nase 2 a ey a ee a a 

Hughes, Bruce, to found Hughes aleove__________- 

Johnson, EH. R. Fenimore, research in underwater 
FOU OVOP GN ae gE Sc a a 

Loeb, Morris, for furtherance of knowledge in the 
CORA UBS CLE IN CES Mae aera ics Vey cle Nal  ea 


$165, 109. 


2, 089. 


63, 339. 


79, 347. 


58, 066. 


45, 424. 


1, 583. 


51, 587. 


60, 573. 


19, 851. 
44, 599. 
68, 185. 


17, 214. 


14, 079. 
75. 

10, 408. 
2, 499. 

83, 754. 
30, 315. 
11, 608. 


138, 028. 


55 


87 


47 


09 


07 


49 


ol 


95 


a. 


46 


Ihe 


96 


ol 


36 


40 


64 


05 


55 


09 


94 


26 


263 


Income 1963 


$8, 365. 


100. 


3, 209. 


4, 020. 


2, 930. 


2, 301. 


80. 


46 


80 


16 


23 


34 


50 


21 


. 32 


. 03 


. 84 


. 40 


264. ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 19638 


CONSOLIDATED FUND—Continued 


Fund 


Long, Annette and Edith C., for upkeep and pres- 
ervation of Long collection of embroideries, 
laces*vanditextiles: 0.2290 hue Wa er ama ee 

Maxwell, Mary E., for care and exhibition of 
Maxwell'collectioms! = fa) eye eae lee ie 

Myer, Catherine Walden, for purchase of first-class 
works of art for use and benefit of the National 
Collection of inevAntss 2 eh ew yee ler ene nl sau de ina 

Nelson, Edward W., for support of biological studies_ 

Noyes, Frank B., for use in connection with the 
collection of dolls placed in the U.S. National 
Museum through the interest of Mr. and Mrs. 


Pell, Cornelia Livingston, for maintenance of Alfred 
DuanerPelltcollectiome sy mere eget 
Petrocelli, Joseph, for the care of the Petrocelli 
collection of photographic prints and for the 
enlargement and development of the section of 
photography of the U.S. National Museum_ _ __-- 
Rathbun, Richard, for use of division of U.S. 
National Museum containing Crustacea_______-_- 
Reid, Addison T., for founding chair in biology, in 
MEMORyA OLAS Dery slur Sih aera eee ot eee 
Roebling Collection, for care, improvement, and 
increase of Roebling collection of minerals __-_-_-_- 
Roebling Solar Research_______--_____._________- 
Rollins, Miriam and William, for investigations in 
physics andichemistiy 22 Sa). ee eee ea 
Smithsonian employees’ retirement___-__-____--___- 
Springer, Frank, for care and increase of the Springer 
collection andelilor anya ee a oe eee ene 
Strong, Julia D., for benefit of the National Collec- 
GIO. OF MMe AT fj ieee EN ee ace cal en pea 
Walcott, Charles D. and Mary Vaux, for develop- 
ment of geological and paleontological studies and 
publishinetresultsiOlisanie tee ee ee te ih Sey ae 
Walcott, Mary Vaux, for publications in botany---- 
Younger, Helen Walcott, held in trust-_-________-- 
Zerbee, Francis Brinckle, for endowment of aquaria_ 


*In addition to funds deposited in the United States Treasury. 


Investment 1963 


191, 139. 
39, 714. 


231, 028. 
36, 863. 


28, 401. 
15, 835. 
759, 454. 
91, 675. 
117, 024. 
1, 502. 


2, 649, 532. 


. 93 


. 94 


. 18 
. 43 


. 4 


. 42 


Income 1963 


$43. 
1, 573. 


1, 620. 
1, 784. 


ile 


594. 


594. 
853. 
1, 427. 


9, 684. 
2, 012. 


11, 416. 
1, 869. 


1, 439. 


802. 


133, 092. 


58 


88 


85 
50 


07 


76 


87 


47 


32 


34 
21 


13 
30 


00 


31 


. 22 
. 87 
. 46 
. 12 


67 


REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 265 
FREER GALLERY OF ART FUND 


Early in 1906, by deed of gift, Charles L. Freer, of Detroit, gave 
to the Institution his collection of Chinese and other Oriental objects 
of art, as well as paintings, etchings, and other works of art by Whis- 


tler, Thayer, Dewing, and other artists. Later he also gave funds for 
construction of a building to house the collection, and finally in his 
will, probated November 6, 1919, he provided stocks and securities to 


the estimated value of $1,958,591.42, as an endowment fund for the 
operation of the Gallery. The fund now amounts to $10,596,154.61. 


SUMMARY OF ENDOWMENTS 


Invested endowment for general purposes______-____--_-__--___ $2, 610, 782. 80 
Invested endowment for specific purposes other than Freer 

ENG TAYE HT Pe i A oT ge eR 2, 879, 087. 56 

Total invested endowment other than Freer_____________ 5, 489, 870. 46 

Freer invested endowment for specific purposes____-_-__--______ 10, 596, 154. 61 

Total invested endowment for all purposes______________ 16, 086, 025. 07 


CLASSIFICATION OF INVESTMENTS 


Deposited in the U.S. Treasury at 6 percent per annum, as au- 

thorized in the U.S. Revised Statutes, see. 5591______________ $1, 000, 000. 00 
Investments other than Freer endowment (cost 

or market value at date acquired: 


LEX TONG AS) «NSU Os A ce ee $1, 640, 161. 47 

SHOE) gS I A RO le Pe A a i A 2, 721, 044. 83 

Real estate and mortgages________________ 115, 006. 00 

Uninvestedicapitale: 32s tee wes 13, 658.66 4,489, 870. 46 
Total investments other than Freer endowment__________ 5, 489, 870. 46 


Investments of Freer endowment (cost or mar- 
ket value at date acquired) : 


TB OSO\US Ee a iL $5, 480, 542. 36 
ES HEX tS a ae ce ee lee 5, 114, 287. 57 
Wminvested) capital2s2 22s eae 1, 324.68 10, 596, 154. 61 


Totalvinvestments= =< Sos aces eek NN os 16, 086, 025. 07 


266 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 


EXHIBIT A 


BALANCE SHEET OF PRIVATE FUNDS 
June 30, 1963 
ASSETS 
Current funds: 
General: 
Cash: 


United States Treasury current account______________- 
lbaWloxeb oll ids) Fru aVoliCayay JavrwaXe CM ee hE a le 


Ebravel amas otinersa Cavern Cece =a ans ie aang ne ice yey a 


Total:gencralihumdssa rsa. we NSE iy Die aie 


Restricted: 
Cash—United States Treasury current 
AC COUT ee eae al TR aS ec $3, 340, 087. 03 
Investments—stocks and bonds (quoted 


market value $1, 622, 254. 85)_________ 1, 634, 613. 56 


ARO talleres brs Cte Cl turn cl see yee po en 


Totalkcurrent tunds22 520 aie es oe eee 
Endowment funds and funds functioning as endowment: 
Investments: 
Freer Gallery of Art: 


GS FzYSI] ORAM DAT SD EE Medias SU EU bs ae ety ee $1, 324. 68 
Stocks and bonds (quoted market value 
SUS Cs Clay Oe ca sekos senses aes 10, 594, 829. 93 
10, 596, 154. 61 
Consolidated: 
(CYS) ote Be ey sere ta roy ae $13, 322. 98 


Stocks and bonds (quoted 

market value 

SoAOLONGo1R OL) eae ae ae 4, 240, 967. 73 
4, 254, 290. 71 
Loan to United States 

PREC AS UTES sees aes 1, 000, 000. 00 
Other stocks and _ bonds 

(quoted market value 


PUCS USS SG) eae ee 120, 238. 07 
ashi achetunsanhe ular omeenaeae 335. 68 
Real estate at book value___ 115, 006.00 5, 489, 870. 46 


Total endowment funds and funds functioning as endow- 


1963 


$920, 365. 77 
531, 701. 82 


1, 452, 067. 59 


22, 126. 88 


1, 474, 194. 47 


4, 974, 700. 59 


6, 448, 895. 06 


16, 086, 025. 07 


22, 534, 920. 13 


————— ee] 


REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 267 


EXHIBIT A—Continued 


FUND BALANCES 
Current funds: 
General: 
Unexpended funds—unrestricted____.--.--------------- $1, 474, 194. 47 


motal-cencral funds sue etee see ee es ee 1, 474, 194. 47 
Restricted (Exhibit C): 
Unexpended income from endowment- - --- $1, 384, 769. 95 
Funds for special purposes (gifts, grants, 
EG) epic Ee a oo a 3, 589, 930. 64 


Mo talbrestricted shun se ese ens eee wed le MS Dek ue ie eee ye a 4,974, 700. 59 
Motalucurrent hunds] = be se ee le he a ee eee oe oe 6, 448, 895. 06 


Endowment funds and funds functioning as 
endowment (Exhibit D): 


inreermGallery, of Arts. o5-----s-225---4—2 $10, 596, 154. 61 
Other: 
Restricted 22 222 22s $2, 879, 087. 56 
Generali _ =.=... 2, 610, 782. 90 5, 489, 870. 46 
Total endowment funds and funds functioning as endow- 
TODY EN epee ST Re IA A al OR EI a 16, 086, 025. 07 
BT teat aa ari MA Pee. oll os Ae MU ee ere 22, 534, 920. 13 
EXHIBIT B 


PRIVATE FUNDS 


STATEMENT OF CURRENT GENERAL FUND RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS 
AND CHANGES IN CURRENT GENERAL FUND BALANCES 


Year ended June 30, 1963 


Operations Publications Gifts and grants 
Current receipts: 

Endowment income: 

reer Galleryot Ants oaen2 222 | S440s FE2MSS. 7 eet Sa aS ae a ea a S 

Other restricted funds__-_______ BON ADO 2A oles eee ea eee apa [So eh CER 

Wmnestricted ss soe tlre aa PSS BOZO (Gin es sera | eee ce 
Investment income__._____-.-___ GOH 20 Ores '5s | See lee ee a a ee 
Gifts and grants, including admin- 

istrative Overhead .2255_ 22 5 __ 2S SUEZ Sexe | eer eee $6, 854, 937. 05 
Publications and photographs_____|___________- S OER, 9 Dara oa | pee weeds ee eae 
Mascellameouse28 454 Gul wees OY SZ On AER I Et ay NP bE a oA 


Total current receipts_____--_- 844, 844. 37 | 91, 292. 43 6, 854, 937. 05 


268 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


EXHIBIT B—Continued 
PRIVATE FUNDS—Continued 


STATEMENT OF CURRENT GENERAL FUND RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS 
AND CHANGES IN CURRENT GENERAL FUND BALANCES—Continued 


Year ended June 30, 1963 


Operations Publications Gifts and grants 


Current expenditures: 


Salaries: 
AAG MME NOs ons co See e ke $118,210) 85) Jo. 8. 2) Se 
Rese anchiseie Mie Sines eons ones WG CASS (Gi Noteeecsesee $3, 081, 622. 19 
Ore relate Oe ERAT a 220: 979) OF vices Se eee 
Motalisalantes =p ss alee mem Ba, SVAN, He |Eeer ees ue 3, 081, 622. 19 
Purchase for collection__-__------ aN hy a fr Us a ne eS NINO a 
Researches and exploration and 
related administrative ex- 


penses: 

Shy he 9 (3) bs a a ape 18, 666.44 || 2 ee 

Equipment and supply__------- 84387 2052 See ee ee 

(QUAKE) SSIES TAU a ss Ne Dy AGON AQT | 2a ee eee 3, 773, 314. 86 
Publication and photographs- -- -- Boo 020. 06 | 49; 2314 30) aa 
Buildings, equipment and grounds: 

Buildings and installations _ _ -___ 17, 872:20 222525 see 

Court and grounds maintenance_ 946) 70 Noes eo tae eee 

Technical laboratory_---------- 15958297 |p 222 2e ee ee 
Contractual services—custodian 

am Gale callisfie Cs sein a sen eee 22/208/'30! |o os 2 Se ee ee 
Supplies and expenses: 

Meetings, special exhibits -___-_-- 16,)\846.;36 Goo ol i eee 

We Ct Ue Se a ae ae ae 2,630, 41 Volo 

Photographs and reproductions_ Bye PAB. DE S| a eee 

d al) oy chet oy @ a ATE i te gy ee a ATV 27, oe fe ee eee 

Sales desks tee uel Sieh ela oes 9) A438) 07 bocn eS Ue a eee 

Stationery and office supplies_-- 96).50) |e fas Sa 

Postage, telephone, and _ tele- 

[oso 6) Aen <A eg A A EE 89.35 |___._-. 222 /e eee eee 

Employees’ withholding payments, 

(5 VA Oe rE a aac ARR eS (15/582. 99)|_ i. 2:24 2 sph eee ea 


Total current expenditures__-_| 626, 113.69 | 49, 231. 30 6, 854, 937. 05 


Excess of current receipts over 
current expenditures_-__---- $218, 730. 68 | 42, 061. 13 $260, 791. 81 
Balance at, beginnine ofiyearis|se aa seme a. | see 1, 213, 402. 66 


Balance atiend of year seo ses seen ee eee |e ae 1, 474, 194. 47 


REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 


EXHIBIT C 


PRIVATE FUNDS 


STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN CURRENT RESTRICTED FUND BALANCE 
Year ended June 30, 1963 


Unexpended 


income 


Balance at beginning of year___-_|/$1, 210, 899. 


Add: 
Income from restricted endow- 
ment: 
Freer Gallery of Art_____-_- 
Other restricted funds_-_-_-__ 


Less custodial costs________ 
Net income from restricted 


endowment______--_-_- 
Sale of publications_________-_ 


GiktisramGeorants) ss Swe cei eee eee 


Deduct: 
Transfer to current income, 
net of custodial cost: 
Freer Gallery of Art_______ 
Other restricted funds __- __ 
Unrestricted___.__________-_ 


Funds for special 
purposes (gifts, 
grants etc.) 


Total 


50 |$2, 993, 960. 51 |$4, 204, 860. 


AQEROTAN GS) une sone abi 496, 274. 
Dele Ate 4G | Menem ee 281, 941. 
CHAT}, OURS lig oe ee 778, 215. 

BA 7166./ 080 |e. | nent 34, 766. 

FASHAAQUAQ sf kee Hime nnn 743, 449, 
30, 028. 25 1, 091. 17 Sil, 1), 

7, 062, 356. 85 | 7, 062, 356. 

17, 626.04 | 450,644.31 | 468, 270. 

2, 002, 003. 28 |10, 508, 052. 84 |12, 510, 056. 

ENO ie NSD AQ | dda 407, 462. 

55, 246. 79 | 6, 854, 937. 05 | 6, 910, 183. 
139,074.67) Soe elon ae 139, 974. 
602, 683. 66 | 6, 854, 937. 05 | 7, 457, 620. 
66, 185. 15 66, 185. 

LSA ON Ogee 11, 549. 

3, 000. 00 (GR000200)\\ aes enamenne 
617, 233. 33 | 6, 918, 122. 20 | 7, 535, 355. 
1, 384, 769. 95 | 3, 589, 930. 64 | 4, 974, 700. 


269 


01 


270 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


EXHIBIT D 
PRIVATE FUNDS 


STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN PRINCIPAL OF ENDOWMENT FUNDS AND FUNDS 
FUNCTIONING AS ENDOWMENT 


Year ended June 30, 1963 


Balancesatibe simminodo fesyie ares pe en obey eater ee $15, 236, 651. 39 
Add: 
Giftsrandbequestsac2 ss ieee $126, 799. 50 
Income added to principal as prescribed 
LOA (OKO) 0X0) een aL NE ara ae ee eg 11, 549. 67 
Proceeds from sale of Table Mountain 
installa tiOMsest 6 es eee es ee we Se ae 12, 000. 00 


Net gain on investments_._______-----_-- 699, 024. 51 849, 373. 68 


16, 086, 025. 07 
Balance at year end consisting of: 


Unrestricted sss. 2042 ee ae Se eee 2, 610, 782. 90 
Restricted for: 
Breer Gallery: of Art=9 545552 2222 ee 10, 596, 154. 61 


Other collections and research________-_- 2, 879, 087. 56 


16, 086, 025. 07 


The practice of maintaining savings accounts in several of the 
Washington banks and trust companies has been continued during the 
past year, and interest on these deposits amounted to $12,764.30. 

Deposits are made in banks for convenience in collection of checks, 
and later such funds are withdrawn and deposited in the United States 
Treasury. Disbursement of funds is made by check signed by the 
Secretary of the Institution and drawn on the United States Treasury. 

The Institution gratefully acknowledges gifts and grants from 
the following: 


Academie Press, a gift to the Rathbun Fund. 

American Chicle Co., a contribution for the improvement of the United States 
National Herbarium collection. 

American Philosophical Society : 

Grant for the support of research entitled “Life History and Taxonomic 
Studies of the Water Beetles of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.” 
Grant for the entomological collecting and research in British West Indies. 

Grant for the entomological collecting and research in Mexico. 

Anniston Public Library, a gift to prepare a scientific evaluation of a collection 
of birds. 

Appalachian Power Co., additional grant for archeological surveys in the Smith 
Mountain Reservoir on the Roanoke River. 

Atomic Energy Commission, additional grant for support of research entitled “A 
Study of the Biochemical Effects of Ionizing and Nonionizing Radiation of 
Plant Metabolism during Development.” 

Lucy H. Baird, in settlement of bequest. 


REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Dali 


Bredin Foundation: 
Grant for research entitled “Ocean Food Chain Cycle.” 
Grant for research entitled “Biological Survey of Dominica Project.” 
Roland W. Brown, a bequest for the care and improvement of the paleobotanical 
collection. 
James Campbell, a contribution to the Zoo Animal Fund. 
De Beer Consolidated Mines, Ltd., a gift to defray expenses in exhibiting the 
Hope Diamond in France. 
Department of Air Force: 

Additional grant for research directed toward the study of stellar scintilla- 
tion. 

Additional grant for upper atmosphere image study. 

Additional grant for research directed toward the studies of rate of accre- 
tion of interplanetary matter by the earth. 

Additional grant for the study of atmospheric entry and impact of high 
velocity meteorites. 

Department of the Army: 

Grant for the support of research entitled “Mammais and Their Ectopara- 
sites from Iran.” 

Grant for support of research entitled “Potential Vectors and Reservoirs of 
Disease in Strategic Overseas Area.” 

Grant for support of research on the analysis of bird migration in the 
Pacific area and the study of ecology of birds and mammals on one 
or more Pacific islands. 

Department of Interior, a grant for service on the taxonomy of Peruvian fishes. 
Histophas Science Club, a contribution to the Zoo Animal Fund. 

Fashion Group of Washington, a gift to the Historic Dress Fund. 

Ford Foundation: 

Grant for the support of the preparation of an up-to-date history of the 
United States Flag over a 3-year period. 

A gift to the Freer Gallery of Art for the publication and distribution of an 
illustrated scholarly catalogue of the collection of Armenian Manuscripts. 

General Atomic Division, a donation to the Meteorite Fund. 

General Motors Corp., a gift for the construction of two dieselectric locomotive 
models. 

Hsther Goddard, a gift to help struggling scientists. 

Graham Foundation, a gift to the Smithsonian Traveling Exhibition Service for 
the Alvar Aalto Exhibition. 

Ethel R. Holmes: 

Gift to the Milton A. Holmes Memorial Numismatics Fund. 

Gift to the Milton A. Holmes Memorial Philately Fund. 

Institute of Internationai Education, a contribution for matters pertaining to 
International Exchange program. 
Edwin A. Link, a gift to the Marine Archeology Fund. 
Link Foundation: 

Grant for the 1963 Edwin A. Link Lecture. 

Grant for the publication of “Famous Firsts of Space Flight.” 
For support to the James Means Memorial Fund: 

Cabot Foundation 

Ward M. Canady Hducational and Charitable Trust Co. 

Ward M. and Marian C. Canady Trust Co. 

Ellen Loomis 

Hdward Mallinckrodt, Jr. 


2i2 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


Paul Mellon and Kaufmann Charitable Foundation, a gift to the Smithsonian 
Traveling Exhibition Service. 
Miami University, a grant for the preserving of the collection of herbaceous 
stems in Panama. 
Museum of France, a contribution toward exhibition of the Hope Diamond. 
National Aeronautics and Space Administration : 
Additional grant for support of research entitled ‘‘The Motion of Artificial 
Satellites.” 
Additional grant for the scientific and engineering study for instrumenting 
an orbiting telescope. 
Additional grant for research entitled ‘Optical Satellite Tracking Program.” 
Grant for the systematic recovery of meteorites and the photography of 
meteorites in flight. 
Grant for consultant services to be provided to the California Museum of 
Science and Industry. 
National Institutes of Health: 
Additional grant for support of research entitled ‘‘Studies of Asian Biting 
Flies.” 
Grant for support of research entitled ‘‘Anthropology of Chronic Disease in 
Relation to Social Efficiency.” 
Grant for support of research entitled “(Chronic Diseases in Relation to 
Social Efficiency.” 
National Science Foundation: 
Grant for the support of research entitled ‘‘Tertiary Forests of the Tonasi- 
Santiago Basin of Panama.” 
Grant for the support of research entitled “Systematic Significance of 
Sechinoid Spines.” 
Grant for the support of research entitled ‘““Phanerogams of Colombia.” 
Grant for the support of research entitled “Systematic and Distribution of 
North American Calanoid and Harpacticoid Copepoda.” 
Grant for the support of research entitled ‘““Ecology and Behavior of Suncus 
murinus.” 
Grant for the support of research entitled “Photoresponses and Optical 
Properties of Phycomyces Sporangiophores.” 
Grant for the support of research entitled “Taxonomy of Bamboos.” 
Grant for the support of research entitled ““Lower Cretaceous Ostracoda of 
Israel.” 
Grant for the support of research entitled ‘“Marine Mollusks of Polynesia.” 
Grant for the support of research entitled “Tertiary Echinoids of the Hastern 
United States and the Caribbean.” 
Grant for the support of research entitled “Monographie Revision of Car- 
charinid Sharks of the Tropical Indo-Pacific Oceans.” 
Grant for the support of research entitled ‘“Zoogeography of Southern Ocean 
Scleractinian Coral Faunas.” 
Grant for the support of research entitled “Magalithic Structures of Nan 
Mandol, Ponape.” 
Grant for the support of research entitled “Frogs of Western Brazil and of 
Colombia.” 
Grant for the support of research entitled ‘‘Prehistory of Southwest Vir- 
ginia.” 


REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Dio 


National Science Foundation—Continued 
Grant for the support of research entitled ‘Indo-Australian Vespidae sens. 
lat. and Sphecidae.” 
Grant for the support of research entitled “Publication of an English Trans- 
lation of Flora of Japan, by Jisaburo Ohwi.” 
Grant for the support of research entitled ‘‘An Archeological Investigation 
of the Key School Site, Georgia.” 
Grant for the support of research entitled “Collection of Meteorites and 
Tektites in Australia.” 
Grant for the support of research entitled ‘‘Revision of the Genera of Pale- 
ozoic Bryozoa.” 
Grant for the support of research entitled ‘Oldest Fossil Bryozoa of the 
United States.” 
Grant for the support of research entitled ‘‘The Flora of Fiji.” 
Grant for the support of research entitled “Mammals of Southeastern United 
States.” 
Grant for the support of research entitled ‘“Permo-Triassic Reptiles of South 
America.” 
Grant for the support of research entitled “South Asian Microlepidoptera, 
particularly the Philippine Series.” 
Grant for the support of research entitled ‘The Mammals of Panama.” 
Grant for the support of research entitled “Scientific Community in England 
1820-1860.” 
Grant for the support of research entitled ‘‘Shanidar IV—VI Neanderthals.” 
Grant for the support of research entitled ‘“Huropean Tertiary Dicotyledon 
Floras.” 
Grant for the support of research entitled “Revision of the Beetles of the 
Genus Neobrotica Jacoby.” 
Grant for the support of research entitled ‘“‘The American Commensal Crabs 
of the Family Pinnotheridae.” 
Northwest Federation of Mineralogical Societies, a gift for lectures given by 
Dr. Paul H. Desautel in Portland and Spokane. 
Office of Naval Research : 
Additional grant to provide advisory and consultant services. 
Additional grant to perform psychological research studies. 
Additional grant for research of information of shark distribution and distri- 
bution of shark attack all over the world. 
Additional grant for studies concerning the development of a proposal for 
an institute for laboratory of human performance standards. 
Additional grant for support of research entitled ‘“Microlepidoptera of the 
Island of Rapa.” 
Additional grant for support of research entitled “A Study of Anatomy and 
Taxonomy of Hawaiian Woods.” 
Additional grant to perform aeronautical research studies. 
Additional grant for the purpose of conducting systematic zoological re- 
search on the marine fauna of Tropical Pacific Area. 
Additional grant for research and development task order. 
B. T. Rocca, Sr., donation for the purchase of crystal tourmaline from Brazil. 
Rockefeller Foundation, grant for the support of research entitled “Cooperative 
Field Studies of Relationship of Birds to Arthropod-transmitted Virus Disease 
in the Region of Braganea, Brazil.” 
Frank R. Schwengel, a gift toward the study of mollusks of Polynesia. 


274 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1963 


For support of Science Information Exchange: 
Atomic Hnergy Commission 
Department of Defense 
Federal Aviation Agency 
National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
National Institutes of Health 
National Science Foundation 
Veterans Administration 
Social Science Research Council, a gift for the conference on Transcultural 
Studies of Cognitive System in Mérida, Mexico. 
Theodore Szybowicz, a contribution toward the Moonwatch Study. 
Tucson Gem and Mineral Society, grant for the inspection of an exhibit of 
gems and minerals. 
The United Educators, Inc., a gift for the use by the National Air Museum for 
reference materials. 
UNESCO, a gift to defray costs on UNESCO Visiting Committee for Tropical 
Herbaria. 
University of Hawaii, a gift for research on mollusks at Hniwetok, Marshall 
Islands. 
University of Michigan, a gift to defray costs on publication of Ars Orientalis. 
Hllen Bayard Weeden Foundation, a gift for the Freer Gallery of Arts Library 
Fund. 
Wilmington Society of Fine Arts, a contribution to the Smithsonian Traveling 
Exhibition Service. 
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution : 
Additional grant for the study of plankton collections. 
Grant for the Indian Ocean Expedition training program in Bermuda. 
Gift to provide funds to permit the participation in the International Indian 
Ocean Expedition. 
Charles M. Wormser, a gift to provide acquisitions for the division of numis- 
matics. 


The following appropriations were made by Congress for the Gov- 


ernment bureaus under the administrative charge of the Smithsonian 
Institution for the fiscal year 1968: 


Salariessangd Hex enSes ese ee LRN ee ae Nees een nae aes ee eee $11, 060, 550. 00 
Nationale Zoological Rarka 2a Sse ee ee see ee ee ee 1, 504, 997. 00 
The appropriation made to the National Gallery of Art (which is 

a bureau of the Smithsonian Institution) was__--------_--__ 2, 113, 850. 00 


In addition, funds were transferred from other Government agen- 
cles for expenditure under the direction of the Smithsonian Institution 
as follows: 

Working funds, transferred from the National Park Service In- 
terior Department, for archeological investigations in river 
basins throughout the United States_______________-_________ 271, 000. 00 

The Institution also administers a trust fund for partial support of 
the Canal Zone Biological Area, located on Barro Colorado Island 
in the Canal Zone. 


REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 275 
AUDIT 


The report of the audit of the Smithsonian Private Funds follows: 


THE BOARD OF REGENTS, 
Smithsonian Institution 
Washington, D.C., 20560 

We have examined the balance sheet of private funds of Smithsonian Institu- 
tion as of June 30, 1963, and the related statement of current general private 
funds receipts and disbursements and the several statements of changes in funds 
for the year then ended. Our examination was made in accordance with gen- 
erally accepted auditing standards, and accordingly included such tests of the 
accounting records and such other auditing procedures as we considered necessary 
in the circumstances. 

Land, building, furniture, equipment, works of art, living and other specimens 
and certain sundry property are not included in the accounts of the Institution ; 
likewise, the accompanying statements do not include the National Gallery of 
Art, the National Cultural Center and other departments, bureaus and operations 
administered by the Institution under Federal appropriations. The accounts 
of the Institution are maintained on the basis of cash receipts and disbursements, 
with the result that the accompanying statements do not reflect income earned 
but not collected or expenses incurred but not paid. 

In our opinion, subject to the matters referred to in the preceding paragraph, 
the accompanying statement of private funds presents fairly the assets and funds 
principal of Smithsonian Institution at June 30, 1963; further, the accompanying 
statement of current general private funds receipts and disbursements and several 
statements of changes in funds, which have been prepared on a basis consistent 
with that of the preceding year, present fairly the cash transactions of the 
private funds for the year then ended. 

PEAT, MARWICK, MITCHELL & Co. 

WASHINGTON, D.C., August 29, 1963. 


Respectfully submitted. 
(S) Roserr V. FLemine, 
(S) Caryn P. Haskins, 
(S) Cuarence Cannon, 
Executive Committee. 


hate 


Bue Dun 


Pevala yeti 


ane 


ay 


says 


i Guy ae 


PA Ev aan NaS ‘il 


ne 
Ap wear 
a ona 
Pee ei be ea 
‘Verily yy. 


ry aes titre $i 


eT Na 


HEA take eat ath 


Ks) ul ‘) 


ae feta kiveneel 


raneay UES Ee 


“Sateh tele 


yauh 


0 
area 
ev 


a 


HON 
UH 


I 


3 9088 01296 8707 


SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBR