RS ES aR yee ey ETE, a | B47 3¢5,
475 4 Published monthly by the N7N4 University of the State of New York ENT AUGUST 1902
New v York State Museum
FREDERICK J. H. MerriLt Director EFHRAIM PoRTER FELT. State Entomologist
Bulletin 53
x ENTOMOLOGY 14
17th Report of the State Entomologist
INJURIOUS AND OTHER INSECTS
OF THE a STATE OF NEW YORK a ii IgOl PAGE PAGE aieOunerion, =...---.---..---+----. 699 | Notes for the year (con?’d)
_ General entomologic features ..... 699 Garden and other insects. -.....-. 749 - DeiepVOren 62... cS -/. a. -- 700 Unusual abundance of southern mes Special investigations........-... 701 LORIN 7 aoe = eine ee eee See
_ Entomologic field station. ........ 701 | Experimental work against the San 0) ie 702 Joséscale,insecttae san. ee 761 PeamA WV OTIC. <2 ccs cee sce - 702 Summary of experiments. ...--..-. 775 Collection of insects ...........-. 702 | Voluntary entomologic service .-..-. 776 Pan-American collection.......... 703 Summaries of reports........-.-- 776 MREMMIOALLCTS <2 sien s os.0c 2 seo: 703 | List of publications of the entomolo-
é Voluntary observers ..........-.- 704 BES ou og dann os ees ae eee a eee 800 =a Acknowledgments. ........ .----. 704 | Contributions to collection ..-..-.-- 808
Injurious insects Appendix: Entomologic — exhibit
Cecidomyia destructor, at the Pan-American exposition 5 PP Vee «cisco s- secs 705 IGO!. .2'5 222.5 te Sct oe oe aes 825 ies motemigetne year. .2..'.-2-,.----. 731 | Explanation of plates ....-..---. 2... 899 ore PEC DESt eee eek 731). Plates 1-6. 22. 2525 ee ce eee face 900 Pa Shade and forest tree pests Remon 240-|. IRACX 2 dacecnvcqes= kus aes aeeme gol = ei oe: ALBANY 4 UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
1902 Price 30 cents
Merozm-Dr-1500
Co
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QL | Wes S48,
475 “| Published monthly by the rd : 4 ' University of the State of New York ; ‘ AUGUST 1g02
New v York State Museum.
FREDERICK J. H. MerriLi Director ErHraIM PorTER Fe tT. State Entomologist
Bulletin 53
x ENTOMOLOGY 14
17th Report of the State Entomologist
INJURIOUS AND OTHER INSECTS
OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK 1901 PAGE PAGE Introduction ..............--.---- 699 | Notes for the year (con?’d) General entomologic features ....- 699 Garden and other insects. ..-...-. 749 MiripenOrie tes. oS 5... FOO Unusual abundance of southern Special investigations........--.. 701 fOCIMS |. Sophos eee eee eee 757 Entomologic field station. ..-..-.-. 7o1 | Experimental work against the ‘San Pea HOUS =a ool i =.0 mo =< aie 702 José scale insect. a2cn 22-50% yor Pectension work... ..---- ..---.- 702 Summary of experiments. ..-.-.-- 775 Collection of insects ...........-- 702 | Voluntary entomologic service ....-. 776 Pan-American collection......-.--. 703 Summaries of reports... = <-.-ces 776 MWewtoarters. 55s; - 565 case ee 703 | List of publications of the entomolo- Voluntary observers .........--.- 704 PISE a eve vines eee eae a> ap ee 800 Acknowledgments. .....--. .----- 704 Contributions to collection ...:.-.-- 808 Injurious insects Appendix: Entomologic exhibit Cecidomyia destructor, at the Pan- American exposition PURE wee «caw ns--0--» 705 TOOT. cee sn Se Sees wee aera 825 MotesMonthe year. os. .-.2oh------ 731 | Explanation of plates ......-.-...-- 899 Fruit tree pests ...:...---.------ 731 | Plates 1-6.........------------ face goo Shade and forest tree pests aewcaia 730 1, Index
ALBANY UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK 1902
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University of the State of New York | REGENTS With years of election 1892 WILLIAM CroswELL Doane D.D. LL.D. ; Vice Chancellor, Alban
1873 Martin I. Townsend M.A. LL.D. - - — Troy 1877 CuHauncey M. Depew LL.D. ~ - - New York» 1877 CHarRLes E. Fitch LL.B. M.A. L.H.D. - — Rochester
1878 WHITELAW REID M.A. LL.D. = - - New York 1881 Wittiam H. Watson M.A. LL.D. M.D. - — Utica
1881 Henry E. TurNER LL.D. = = ~ - Lowville
1883 St CLain McKetway M.A. L.H.D. LL.D. D.C.L. Brooklyn 1885 DANIEL BEacH Ph.D. LL.D.
= Es = Watkins 1888 CARROLL E. SmirH LL.D. - - ~ — Syracuse 1890 Piiny T. Sexton LL.D. = - — - Palmyra 1890 T. GuILFoRD SmiTH M.A. C.E. LL.D. - — Buffalo 1893 Lewis A. Stimson B.A. LL.D. M.D. - - New York 1895 ALBERT VANDER VEER M.A. Ph.D. M.D. ~ — Albany
1895 CHARLES R. SKINNER M.A. LL.D. Superintendent of Public Instruction, ex officio 1897 CHESTER S.-Lorp M.A. LL.D. -— ~ - Brooklyn 1897 TimotHy L. Wooprurr M.A. Lieutenant Governor, ex officio 1899 JoHn T. McDonoucu LL.B. LL.D. Secretary of State, ex officio 1g00 THomas A. HENDRICK M.A. LL.D.
=~: 2 ea OCHeSteE 1901 BeNnJAMIN B. ODELL JR LL.D. Governor, ex officio 1g0or Ropert C. Pruyn M.A. — - - - — Albany 1go2 WiLLIAM NortincHaM M.A. Ph.D. - — — Syracuse
One vacancy
SECRETARY Elected by Regents
1900 JAMES RUSSELL PARSONS JR M.A, LL.D.
DIRECTORS OF DEPARTMENTS 1888 Metvit Dewey M.A. LL.D. State Library and Home Education 1890 JAMES RUSSELL Parsons JR M.A. LL.D.
Administrative, College and High School Dep’ ts 1890 FREDERICK J. H. MERRILL Ph.D. State Museum
University of the State of New York
New York State Museum
FREDERICK J. H. Merrivyu Director
EprHrRAIM Porter Fett State entomologist
Bulletin 53
17TH REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQOI
To the Regents of the University of the State of New York
I have the honor of presenting herewith my report on the injurious and other insects of the state of New York for the year ending Oct. 15, 1901.
General entomologic features. The forest tent-caterpillar, Clis- iocampa disstria Hiibn., as was predicted last year, has, generally speaking, not been nearly so injurious the last season, though in places here and there in the state, it has inflicted considerable damage. Its abundance in orchards adjacent to woods badly infested the previous year was a somewhat char- acteristic feature of the attack this season. The common apple- tree tent-caterpillar, Clisiocampa americana Fabr., has also been abundant in different sections of the state, but it has not been specially injurious as a rule. The white marked tus- sock moth, Notolophus leucostigma Abb. & Sm., has been quite harmful to the shade trees of Buffalo. The destruc- tive work of the elm leaf beetle, Galerucella luteola Miill., has been continued in the Hudson river valley, and in its northern part this insect has succeeded in extending its range to a number of villages previously infested with very few or none of these pests. The fall web worm, Hyphantria cunea Drury, has been exceedingly abundant in portions of the southern part of the valley and near the western end of Long Island. The depredations of the Hessian fly, Cecidomyia
TOO NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
destructor Say, were so general and so severe as to inflict enormous damages, they having been estimated by competent parties as high as $3,000,000. A very serious matter has been the discovery that the notorious gipsy moth, Port henna dispar Linn., has become well established in the city of Provi- dence R. I. Investigations made during the summer show that the pest already occupies a considerable area in and about that city. While this spread has not been directly toward New York state, it may well be regarded as a warning of what may occur within a few years, and residents of the state are advised to keep a sharp lookout for the advent of this very destructive insect. Office work. There has been no relaxation in the pressure of office work, and, though there has been an apparent decrease in the amount of correspondence, all of the office staff have been obliged to work overtime in order to meet the demands of the situation. The determination of scale insects for the state department of agriculture still makes considerable inroads on our time. Most of this important and very difficult work has fallen on my first assistant, Miss Boynton. On the request of the commissioner of agriculture, made necessary by the position of the state entomologist of Virginia, who refused to accept any certificate unless it was vouched for by an official entomologist, a general statement was issued approving the work of his in- spectors. The time of the office force has been occupied to a considerable extent by the reading of proof and verification incident to the carrying through the press of two very important bulletins soon to be issued, one on the important scale insects of the state and the other on aquatic insects of the Adirondack region. A number of excellent lantern slides have been pur- chased, and some made from original photographs. These form a nucleus of what will soon become an excellent collection for use in illustrated Jectures. The new cards for recording acces- sions to the entomologic collections have proved very satisfac- tory, resulting in a great saving of time. 954 letters, 295 postals and 693 packages were sent through the mails during the year.
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 TOL
There has been an unavoidable break in the office caused by the resignation of my first assistant, Mr C. 8S. Banks, who severed his connection with the office July 15, a particularly unfortunate time, since it is the season when insect activities are at their hight. Miss Margaret F. Boynton was promoted to the position of first assistant, and Mr C. M. Walker, who has been an ad- vanced student in entomology for nearly two years under Prof. C. H. Fernald of the Massachusetts agricultural college and who was the special assistant in the preparation of the collection for exhibition at the Pan-American exposition, was appointed second assistant.
Special investigations. Three lines of work mentioned in my previous report have been prosecuted during the past season.
1 The series of experiments with insecticides for the control of the San José scale have been carried on in the same orchard as last year, and the results obtained in 1900 have been largely confirmed. Fuller details of this work will be found on sub- sequent pages,
2 The study of forest and shade tree insects has been con- tinued, and many of the observations of previous years have been prepared for publication, and those of this season will be put in a similar condition as soon as possible.
5 The special study of aquatic insects, begun in 1900 has also been continued. It is noticed in the following paragraph.
Entomologic field station. The work commenced at Saranac Inn in 1900 was continued at Ithaca N. Y. in cooperation with the Cornell university authorities. Dr James G. Needham of Lake Forest university, Lake Forest Ill. was in charge of the work, as last year. It was largely supplemental to the studies of the previous season, and Dr Needham’s report will therefore include a rather full account of the damsel flies, Odonata-Zygoptera, and of the fish food material collected by him at Saranac Inn. A family of small flies (Chironomidae), very important so far as fish food is concerned, has received special study by Mr O. A. Johannsen, an advanced student at Cornell university, and his account will also be included in this report.
702 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Publications. The principal publications of the entomologist, to the number of 62, are listed under the usual heading. The most important of these is the 16th report. Owing to the delay incident to printing, three very important publications have not appeared during the past year, though they are practically ready to be issued. They are: Museum bulletin 46, Scale insects of importance and list of the species in New York state, Museum bulletin 47, Aquatic insects in the Adirondacks (Dr Needham’s report for 1900), and the special paper treating of insects injur- ious to elm trees. The last is to appear in the 5th report of the fisheries, game and forest commissioners of New York state. These three publications are admirably illustrated by a series. of colored plates.
Extension work. Considerable of the time of the entomologist and his former first assistant, Mr C. S. Banks, was occupied by farmers institutes. They covered a period of 23 working days, during which lectures were delivered at the following 14 places: Preston Hollow, Durham, Hensonvyille, Lexington, Fleischmanns, Halcottsville, Grand Gorge, Walton, Gilbertsville, South New Berlin, New Berlin, Russia, Newport and Frankfort. An im- portant paper was read by the entomologist before the Massachusetts fruit growers association at a meeting held last March at Worcester Mass., and several addresses have also been given by him before various scientific and horticultural organizations.
Collection of insects. The additions to the state collection of insects have been very great. They may be estimated at approx- imately 16,000 pinned, labeled specimens, besides a great many in alcohol. <A special effort has been made to secure desirable biologic material. My former assistant, Mr Banks, and my pres- ent assistant, Miss Boynton, have spent a great deal of time during the past year in going over the collection and classifying the insects more thoroughly. Most of the state collection has now been referred to families, and considerable work has been done on beetles (Coleoptera), the scale insects (Coccidae), and the grasshoppers (Orthoptera). The work on the two latter
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 703
orders was done entirely by Miss Boynton. Most of that on the Coleoptera was done by Mr Banks, though Mr Walker has given some time to this order in the past few months. An immense amount of work is still necessary before the collection will be in a thoroughly satisfactory condition.
The office has been very fortunate in retaining the ento- mologic library and collection of the late Dr J. A. Lintner. These collections are not only of great value in a scientific way but they are almost indispensable aids in conducting the work of the department. It is very gratifying that they should be placed where they will receive the best of care, and surely no place is quite so appropriate as the institution where Dr Lintner did most of his scientific work.
Pan-American collection. The preparation of an exhibit for the Pan-American exposition at Buffalo involved much work on the part of the regular office force in addition to that performed by a special assistant, Mr C. M. Walker, who was engaged for three months. It was felt that, since an exhibit was to be prepared, it should be put in first class shape, and so far as possible this was done. One gold and three silver medals were awarded the exhibit. A brief account of this collection to- gether with a catalogue is appended to this report.
New quarters. The removal of the office from the old quarters in the capitol to Geological and agricultural hall has been a great advantage, since it gave not only much needed space but also essential facilities. The floor space of the general office and the amount of shelving have been much increased by the change, but there is still none too much room. The admirably equipped dark room in the general office supplies a much needed want, as it permits the photographing of insects and their work ina minimum amount of time. The space outside of the general office affords an excellent opportunity for the display of insects and their work in a place readily accessible to the public. Several special collections have already been prepared and placed on exhibition, and it is proposed to give considerable prominence in the display collection to the injurious and bene-
T04 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
ficial forms. The large one now at the Pan-American exposi- tion will also be placed on exhibition as soon as it is returned.
Voluntary observers. Most of the persons cooperating with the office in 1899 and 1900 in this capacity have continued to render substantial aid this season. Their number has naturally de- creased somewhat, and, on account of the pressure of work in early spring, due to the preparation of the exhibit at Buffalo, there was little opportunity to strengthen their ranks. Many valuable observations were made, and summaries of the reports will be found on p. 776-800.
Acknowledgments. The entomologist is under obligations to other workers along the same lines. To Dr L. O. Howard, chief of the division of entomology of the United States department of agriculture, and his staff, special acknowledgments are due for the determination of a great many insects and for promptly placing information at my disposal. Prof. J. H. Comstock of Cornell university deserves special mention for so kindly placing the facilities of his department at the service of the ento- mologic field station, and for giving the work such hearty sup- port.
It is a pleasure to acknowledge the continued support and encouragement given by the regents during the past year. The work has necessarily been somewhat hampered by the moving into new quarters and by unforeseen changes in the staff, but the outlook for the future is most auspicious.
Respectfully submitted EPHRAIM PoRTHER FELT State entomologist Office of the state entomologist ‘Albany 15 Oct. 1901
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 TO05
INJURIOUS INSECTS
Cecidomyia destructor Say HESSIAN FLY Ord. Diptera; Fam. Cecidomyiidae
This species was first observed in this country in New York and its common name was bestowed in the belief that it came to us in packing or straw shipped to the Hessian soldiers then stationed on Long Island. The probabilities tend in that direc- tion though absolute proof may always be wanting. This pest attracted the attention of entomologists in the early part of the last century on account of its serious injuries, as it gradually spread over the country. Dr Asa Fitch, entomologist of the New York state agricultural society was one of the first to give a detailed account of it and much that he published can not be bettered in this later day. His account is now almost inaccessi- ble to the general public and though the pest has been treated in some detail by later writers, particularly by Prof. Webster and Prof. Osborn, there is no complete recent account of it as it occurs in New York. A very good general account of the insect in the United States is given by Prof. Osborn in Bulletin 16, new series, division of entomology, United States depart- ment of agriculture.
Early injuries in New York by the Hessian fly. This summary account of the depredations of the pest is taken largely from the quite full treatise on it given by Dr Packard in the 3d report of the United States entomological commission.
The Hessian fly first became a serious pest in 1779 at which time and for several succeeding years wheat was severely injured or wholly destroyed by it in Kings and Richmond coun- ties. In 1786 and 1787, its ravages again attracted considerable attention in this state, the crop of eastern Long Island having been almost universally destroyed. In 1803 very severe losses were caused by its operations in Saratoga and Washington counties and on two or three occasions in earlier years many of the fields in Saratoga county were entirely destroyed. Again
in 1844 losses occasioned by it on Long Island and at Rochester
TO06 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
were very severe. Throughout the state of New York it was exceedingly destructive in 1846. In the western section it was estimated to have caused a loss of not less than 500,000 bushels. It was also very injurious in some counties in New York and in Ohio in 1849. It was exceedingly destructive about Syracuse in 1876, whole fields and parts of others turning yellow and showing the ravages of the fly to a greater extent than had ever been witnessed, and in 1877 and 1878 white wheats were severely damaged, the presence of the Hessian fly in Cayuga, Seneca, Tompkins and Yates counties being specifically recorded. There was some injury in Tioga county in 1881 and very slight damage was reported in 1882 from Columbia, Genesee, Herkimer, Mon- roe, Niagara, Yates and Wyoming counties, it being more seri- ous in the latter. Dr Lintner, in his 5th report, p.263, states that this insect caused more injury than usual in western New York in 1884.
Recent injuries in western New York. The following records were taken largely from reports of voluntary observers.
1899. The Hessian fly has done much damage in the wheat fields in and about East Amherst, Erie co. In my own fields one fifth of the wheat is down. This was sown on Sep. 9, 1899. Some fields that were sown in August are from one half to nine tenths down. AI wheat fields im this vicinity are damaged more or less. Even those that were sown the latter part of Septem- ber or in early October are infested to some extent. (John U. Metz)
The Hessian fly is doing considerable damage in and about 3elle Isle, Onondaga co. (Mrs. A. M. Armstrong)
The Hessian fly has seriously injured early sown wheat ill through Seneca county. Some pieces are yery seriously dam- aged while others are comparatively free from the pest. It is estimated that about one fourth of the crop has been lost through the attacks of this insect. (J. F. Hunt, Kendaia)
I noticed very bad work indeed in this section from the Hes- sian fly. A great amount of wheat is down. Perhaps one third of the straw is lodged and the damage will be one fourth of the entire yield. (C. H. Stuart, Newark, Wayne co.)
REPORT OF THE STATE BPNTOMOLOGIST 1901 TOT
1900. The Hessian fly is in the vicinity of East Amherst in great numbers and the white wheat throughout this section is nearly all down flat. One field of 8 acres in this vicinity is almost totally destroyed. It was sown August 27. (John U. Metz, Erie co.)
The wheat in the vicinity of Warner, Onondaga co. was dam- aged more than last season. Fully one third of it lodged and the injury is more general than last year. I have found the flies in late sown wheat. One piece sown September 10 was very thoroughly infested, not a single plant being free from the pest. (Mrs A. M. A. Jackson)
The Hessian fly has done a great deal of damage to some pieces in this section of the country. (J. F. Hunt, Kendaia, Seneca co.)
The Hessian fly has been very bad in some wheat, some pieces being so very severely injured that they have not been har- vested. (C. E. Chapman, Peruville, Tompkins co.)
The Hessian fly has been working very badly indeed in early sown wheat. The later sowings are not nearly so badly in- fested. Perhaps one fourth of the entire crop has been destroyed. (C. H. Stuart, Newark, Wayne co.)
1901. Damage from Hessian fly work is very evident in sey- eral pieces of wheat examined. Probably 10% of the stalks have lodged as a result of the work of this fly. (M. H. Beck- with, Elmira, Chemung co.)
Mr M. F. Adams of Buffalo, after making an examination of a number of fields in the vicinity of that city finds that the dam- age as arule runs from 64 to 8%. Very little wheat, however, is grown in the immediate vicinity of Buffalo and it is not surpris- ing that the few fields sown should escape serious injury.
The Hessian fly is present in overwhelming abundance. Many fields of white wheat are not worth cutting. There seems to be no difference between the early and late sown wheat. One field was sown September 15, another September 21 and another Sep- tember 29 and yet 90¢ of each one of these fields is on the ground. Red Russian and red Mediterranean wheats seem to
TOS NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
be exempt thus far from attack. (J. U. Metz, East Amherst, Erie co.)
J. F. Rose of South Byron reports as follows: A large acre- age of what early promised to be good wheat will not be worth cutting as a result of Hessian fly attack. A few farmers are plowing up their wheat but as the wet weather has been favor- able for a good catch of clover, many will not plow it up as they are anxious to save the seeding. Very little or no white wheat will be harvested in this vicinity. Some farmers I saw yesterday had not been in their wheat fields for a few days and the grain had gone to the bad very rapidly since they saw it. I visited and examined wheat fields in three towns today and I have heard some bad reports from other neighboring towns. Several fields of red wheat have been examined and they are not badly infested as yet. 907, however, of the wheat in this section is white, a variety known as no. 6. It has been exclusively grown for some years, as the quality is good and it is a fine yielder. The red wheat is known as no. 8. As regards prox- imity of other fields, there is so much grown that all fields are comparatively close. Probably there is no field that is a half mile from another and most of them are much nearer or within a quarter mile of one another. The prospect early was very good for yields of 20 to 35 bushels an acre in all fields, as there was little winter injury. A field near here belonging to G. G. Chick was not sown till the first week in October and it looked well much later in May than early sown fields, but today Mr Chick tells me that there will be no wheat. This wheat is no. 6. One farmer reports that the fly can now be found in barley. Regarding the farmers from whom I have reports, it is quite certain that some of them have estimated their yield of wheat too high. The few stalks standing are about as thick as hoop poles and when pulled up it is found that they are infested with the fly to some extent. The damage will hardly exceed 5¢ in the fields of red wheat. The following are reports from fields
of wheat in this vicinity:
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 TOG
William Caswell of South Byron sowed 10 acres of white wheat September 3 and today he thought that he might get 10% of the crop. 10 acres of white wheat were sown by him on the 16th and the grain is no better than in the preceding field. 10 acres of red wheat were sown by him September 13 and this variety was not damaged to exceed 54.
Clifford Davey of Leroy township sowed 12 acres of white wheat between September 12 and 15 and now he is plowing the ground up for beans. 12 acres of the same variety were sown by him between September 18 and 20 and this field has not been so very badly injured. Probably about one fourth of the grain is down.
Frank C. Walker of Stafford township has 40 acres of white wheat which he began sowing September 12 and finished on the 20th. Mr Walker does not expect to more than get his seed back. The grain sown first is a little worse than later plantings but there is not much difference. The first of May there was an excellent prospect of getting 25 bushels an acre. The last crop on these fields ranged from 25 to 40 bushels an acre.
Lucien Campbell of Stafford township sowed 12 acres of white wheat between September 7 and 9. Today he estimates that 15¢ of the grain is still standing.
James Berlin of Stafford township sowed 32 acres of white wheat September 15, the grain following barley and oats. He now estimates that he may get 5 bushels an acre. 7 acres were sown by him October 1. This was on ground used for growing corn the previous year and it is 60 rods from any other wheat. This field is no better than those sown early in the season though two weeks ago it looked as though it might produce 30 bushels an acre.
Henry Bucklin of Stafford township sowed 11 acres of red wheat between September 15 and 20 and it appears to be but little damaged up to date.
John Walsikoski of South Byron has 24 acres of white wheat sown between September 10 and 12 but he will not get his
seed back.
710 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
William Scoins of Stafford township has 4 acres of white wheat sown September 7 or 8 and he will not get his seed back. 16 acres sown September 20 is no better than his earlier sown pieces, though it did not show injury as early in the spring.
Charles Buckland of South Byron has 15 acres of red wheat sown September 5 and 75¢ to 804 of it is apparently all right.
George Kelly of South Byron has 8 acres of red wheat sown September 1 and 80¢ of it is free from injury. Another field of 42 acres of red wheat sown between September 3 and 8 looks well and bids fair to yield 25 to 30 bushels an acre.
William Cork of South Byron sowed 8 acres of red wheat September 9 and 752 of it is all right. In sowing this field, the drill skipped two strips across the field and when the wheat came up the omission was seen and white wheat was sown in its place. The Hessian flies have destroyed all of this white wheat.
John Berlin of Elba township sowed 54 acres of red wheat between September 10 and 15 and he estimates that his crop - will average more than 20 bushels an acre. ‘There is very little evidence of insect injury.
The Hessian fiy is also in rye, timothy and barley in this vicinity. <A perfectly reliable farmer tells me that he has found as many as 50 larvae of the fly in one stalk of barley. One of our large farmers in South Byron is now cutting his barley and curing it for hay, it is so badly infested with Hessian fly. I went yesterday to see some wheat in Leroy township that is locally known as golden chaff or Clauson’s golden chaff. This is a white wheat and has been but little troubled with the Hessian fly. It is no more injured than the red wheat, known as no. 8. Many farmers will sow this kind and the red wheat but if none of the flies’ favorite no. 6 be sown, Mr Rose is inclined to think that these more or less resistant varieties will suffer another year.
R. L. Darrison of Lockport, Niagara co. investigated the in- juries by Hessian fly in his vicinity and the reports received by him do not vary very much from those made by other parties.
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 T1L
The fields of white wheat, even those sown quite late in the season suffered severely while those of red wheat, whether sown early or late, escaped with comparatively little injury. White wheat as a rule suffered anywhere from 30% to 80% or more loss while rarely more than 204 of the red wheat was injured. This report covers fields representing over 200 acres. He also states that severe injuries were reported to him from Orleans and Seneca counties.
Mrs A.M. Armstrong, Belle Isle, Onondaga co. states that the Hessian fly has been quite abundant in that section. She writes: “My father, who has had an opportunity to watch a number of fields in a general way is of the opinion that late sowing is not a preventive measure and as late sown wheat does not do as well as that sown earlier, he has for years followed the practice of sowing his about September 10. He has now 25 acres sown September 25 in which the fly worked last fall, causing it to stool considerably but not many of the plants were killed while in fields of late sown grain many of the in- fested plants died. Specially was this true in fields where commercial fertilizers were not used in the drills. My father saw one field where the farmer was careless and let his ferti- lizer box become empty half way across the field. No phosphate was applied on the last trip across the field or on the head- lands and in these places the fly worked very badly indeed. In some unfertilized rows there were places of a foot or more where the wheat was entirely killed. Mediterranean wheat appears to be relatively free from the pest.”
Virgil Bogue of Albion, Orleans co. reports that wheat is in bad shape from the Hessian fly.
Miss Harriet M. Smith of North Hector, Schuyler co. reports comparatively little injury in her immediate vicinity, though some damage is said to have occurred at Trumansburg, Tom- kins co.
J. F. Hunt, Kendaia, Seneca co. states that some pieces of wheat have been one third destroyed by Hessian fly while in others there is very little injury. He fails to find much evi-
T12 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
dence in favor of the late sowing of wheat. The only pieces that were exempt were some of those sown so late that it would not be advisable to follow such an example. One field of 30 acres sown the last week in October was free from the fly. The barley crop was completely destroyed in Seneca county. ©. E. Chapman of Peruville, Tompkins co. reports that the Hessian fly is in nearly every stalk. Many fields have been nearly ruined and there will not be half a crop. The most of the sowings were made between August 25 and September 20.
C. H. Stuart, Newark, reports that in a seed bed where they have several varieties of wheat all were badly infested with the fly except one row of Dawson’s golden chaff, not one straw of which is down. It is most remarkable as the rest is very bad. This check row was sowed by hand, the rest by machine, and was put in 1 inch deeper. All were sown at the same time.
W. H. Roper, Wyoming, Wyoming co. reports on a number of fields to the effect that from one fourth to one half of the wheat had become lodged by June 10 and on June 19 he reports that many fields in that vicinity will not be harvested on ac- count of the poor crop. 4 acres of Genesee giant sown by him September 19 was not infested with the fly. It has a very coarse straw and stands up in good shape. His no. 6, sown the next day, was about half ruined as nearly as could be estimated.
The above records show very plainly indeed that the destruc- tive work of the Hessian fly has been increasing and gradually extending during the last three years. For example, in 1899 injuries were reported only from the counties of Onondaga, Seneca and Wayne; in 1900 accounts of injuries were received in addition from Erie and Tompkins counties; and in 1901 serious complaints came from Chemung, Erie, Genesee, Niagara, Onon- daga, Orleans, Schuyler, Seneca, Tompkins, Wayne and Wyom- ing counties. In each case the reports were accompanied by the statement that the injuries had been much greater than in preceding years. In Genesee county in particular, through the energetic action of J. F. Rose, exceptionally full data was
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 Tie
received and there is little reason for believing, after making allowance for the relative amounts of wheat grown in the various counties, that the conditions reported in this county were essen- tially different from those in some of the others. It has been estimated by good authorities that half the normal crop of New York was destroyed by the Hessian fly in 1901, entailing a loss of about $3,000,000.
An investigation in the fall of 1901 showed that in regions where the Hessian fly had been injurious, mostly red wheat (largely no. 8 in some sections, at least) had been sown and that very little or no Hessian fly could be found in such pieces. A few of the pests were found in volunteer white wheat (no. 6) but no field of this was examined as none were in the vicinity of the places visited.
Description of various stages. The adult fly is rarely observed by wheat growers. It is a small, nearly black, dark winged
Fig.1 Hessian fly: afemale; bflaxseeds or puparia; clarva or maggot; dhead and breast Honeot same ; ie removed from puparium; fpuparium or flaxseed; ginfested wheat stem ; hmale and female antennae; 6 and g about twice natural size, all others much more enlarged (after Marlett, U. S. dep’t agric. Farm bul. 132)
midge about .4; inch in length and possesses very long, slender legs. There are a number of closely related flies which have a similar appearance but ordinarily if one about this size and hay- ing the general appearance represented in fig. la is found on
714 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM young plants in wheat fields, it is very likely to be this notorious pest.
The puparium or “ flaxseed” stage is so well known that a description is hardly necessary. The “ flaxseeds” are about 4 inch long, of light brown color and occur near the base of the plants. One very much enlarged is represented at f in fig. 1.
The slender, delicate, greenish white maggots are also some- what familiar to the wheat grower and a detailed description of them in this connection is hardly necessary. The full grown larva is about 4 inch long and it is usually found in the field between the sheath and the stem of the young plants.
The eggs have been sufficiently characterized in a following paragraph treating of their deposition.
Food plants. The food plants of the Hessian fly are of con- siderable importance because if it is able to subsist on a num- ber of grasses and grains its control is manifestly much more difficult. The Hessian fly was early recognized as a pest of wheat, rye and barley, and despite the fact that records are occasionally met with of its occurrence in timothy and other - grasses and grains, the weight of evidence seems to indicate that it does not live to any extent at least on anything but the above crops. It is possible that at exceedingly rare intervals, com- paratively speaking, a few may mature on timothy, but in some instances at least related species have been confounded with it.
Life history. Normallythere aretwo generations in this latitude though there may be several supplementary ones. The adult fly may deposit from 100 to 150 eggs, according to Marchal, placing them between the ridges on the upper surface of the blades of young wheat. Individuals of the spring brood occasionally thrust their eggs beneath the sheaths of the lower leaves. The process of oviposition has been carefully described by Mr Her- rick as follows:
While depositing her eggs the insect stands with her head toward the point or extremity of the leaf, and at various distances between the point where the leaf joins and surrounds the stalk. The number found on a single leaf varies from a single egg up to 380 or even more. The egg is about -; inch long, cylindric, rounded at the ends, glossy and translucent, of a pale red color,
RBPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 715
becoming in a few hours irregularly spotted with deeper red. Between its exclusion and its hatching these red spots are con- tinually changing in number, size and position and sometimes nearly all disappear. A little while before hatching two lateral rows of opaque white spots, about 10 in number, can be seen in each egg.
The flies may occur any time after the wheat is up and before killing frosts, and possibly, as pointed out by Dr S. A. Forbes, between killing frosts. The eggs hatch in about four days and the maggots or larvae then make their way down the leaf to the base of the sheath. These soft maggots do not burrow, but lie between the sheath and the stem and absorb their nourishment from the adjacent soft tissues, which gradually become depressed and give way as the little insect develops. The maggots are usually found in the fall close to the roots of winter wheat and at or beneath the surface of the soil, while the spring larvae are more common about the second or third joint of the plants. The larval transformations occupy about 20 days but their duration is considerably affected by weather conditions. The duration of the pupal stage is very variable and is much affected by climatic conditions. Cold or heat and dryness tend to lengthen and heat and moisture to shorten the duration of the different stages, specially the pupal. The winter is passed by this insect in the “flaxseed ” or pupal stage. The spring brood of flies emerge in April or May and in turn lay eggs on the more luxuriant leaves and another life cycle may be completed in about 30 days,
Number of generations. The short time necessary to complete the life cycle permits a number of broods in one season and apparently there are as many generations as weather and food conditions will permit, and we may expect constant breeding of this insect during the growing season if continued damp weather enables wheat, barley and rye to grow luxuriantly throughout that period. During midsummer as a rule the fly, if it appears at all, will find only a little volunteer wheat in fit condition for it to live on, but this was very different with barley in 1901. The spring brood had passed through its transformations and the continued moist weather brought out the flies in hosts. Eggs were laid in large numbers in the barley, specially in that which
716 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
was sown late, and in early July many fields in Genesee county were badly infested. The pests were near the ground in the latest sown barley and in that early sown, they occurred from 10 to 12 inches from the ground, showing at least, that the insect breeds by preference in the soft growth and inferentially that it thrives only indifferently in the older, harder growth. This relation between the rank succulent growth of the grain and injury by the Hessian fly was further shown on one hilly patch of wheat. There was considerable grain on the gravelly, com- paratively dry knolls while in the more moist, probably poorly drained gullies the stalks of wheat were very scattered. Here seems to be a possible reason why a variety of wheat may be comparatively “ fly proof” in one section and not in another, since its apparent resistance may depend very largely on the relative hardness or maturity of the stalk at the time the flies appear and deposit eggs and this might easily vary in widely separated sections during the same season. Another generation might easily have developed, so far as time is concerned, between the middle or the latter part of July, at which date the above mentioned brood attained its maturity, and the period when the normal fall brcod appears, which is usually before September 20 in New York. The above shows that four generations and possibly more may develop in a season, but it should be distinctly understood that, as a rule, only two full broods are developed, and that the intermediate summer generations are usually very limited and that their development is very dependent on weather and crop conditions,
Emergence and flight. This is an exceedingly important mat- ter, because on its correct understanding rests one of the most successful methods of preventing injury by this pest. This, like the development of the summer generations, is dependent on weather conditions. The following rules will aid in under- standing the situation:
1 The flies may remain an indefinite period in the “ flaxseed ” or pupal stage during dry weather.
2 * Flaxseeds ” or pupae are very likely to develop tlies in large numbers during a period of damp, warm weather.
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 (alii
3 Adults are killed by heavy frosts but this is not true of Jarvae and “ flaxseeds” or pupae and hence flies may appear and deposit eggs between killing frosts.
4 Under certain conditions some of these insects may spend nearly a year in the “ flaxseed ” stage.
The above rules show that egg-depositing tlies may appear at any time during the growing season, providing weather con- ditions are favorable, though naturally we would expect them to appear in great numbers only at the first favorable period after a large brood had attained the “ flaxseed ” or pupal stage. Thus, as our springs are usually warm and moist, this means that ordinarily most of the “ flaxseeds ” will develop flies in the latter part of April or early May. Then there must be a suffi- cient period for the completion of a life cycle before another brood of flies can appear and if at that time and for a consid- erable period thereafter the weather be dry and hot, compara- tively few or no flies will appear till conditions change and consequently we can not tell just when flies will appear again.
We do know, however, that early sown winter wheat is very apt to become badly infested in the fall while late sown wheat frequently escapes. In the first instance the young wheat is up and receives a deposition of eggs before or between killing frosts, while in the other case it escapes. Weather conditions must always be considered in sowing winter wheat. The gen- eral rule for the safe sowing of winter wheat may be stated as follows:
Moist warm weather in early fall will permit the safe sowing of wheat at a relatively early date, but when the early fall is dry, delay sowing till the latest possible date. The normal or average date when wheat can be sown in New York without danger of its becoming infested with the Hessian fly is about September 20.
Effects of continued dryness and moisture. Following is an interesting record by Dr Riley:
It has long been known that the Hessian fly flourishes best when the chinch bug flourishes least; in other words, that wet weather favors it. The prejudicial effect of drouth has not peen hitherto observed, that we are aware of, but it was very noticeable in parts of Ohio, where the puparia literally dried up. Our attention was first called to the general death of the
71
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NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
insect in the “flaxseed” state by E. W. Claypole of Yellow Springs O. and our observations subsequently confirmed his experience. The intense heat had not only dessicated the Cecidomyia but what is still more remarkable, in most cases the parasites also.
On the other hand wet weather favors their development and under the influence of frequent showers the flies have been known to issue in large numbers from their “ flaxseed ” cases in early summer. This was very nicely illustrated last July in case of the barley attack. The continued rains in the spring induced the flies to complete their trans- formations early and July 10 a number of places were seen where the spring brood of the fly had completed its transforma- tions and departed. This was further confirmed by finding sev- eral large fields of barley sown about May 15, badly infested with larvae and young puparia of this insect. The barley attack was confined largely to the upper, softer nodes and in at least one large field the infestation was very thorough. Every stalk was infested with a few of the pests and eight plants taken at random from this field contained from 19 to 54 individuals, most of them being in the larval stage. This serious infestation is very interesting when compared with the following record of the weather in two localities in that Section of the state. The table given below is compiled from the records of the New York state weather bureau and shows the total precipitation in each of the growing months and the number of rainy days.
TABLE OF PRECIPITATION Alden, Erie co.
Year Month Total precip. in in, No, rainy days
1900 Aug. 2.48 if Sep. 3.26 ff Oct 3.18 7 Noy. 8.42 16
1901 Mar. 3.09 12 Ap. 4.34 11 May 4.49 18 June 1.49 7
Elba, Genesee co.
1900 Aug. 2.39 ial Sep. 2.69 of Oct. Siotas9) 8 Novy. 3.99 Pal
1901 Mar. Ap. 4.25 10 May 5.138 19
June 3.38 10
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 719
It will be seen from the above table that last May was very wet, rain falling 18 and 19 days respectively in the two locali- ties. It is no wonder that the spring generation of the fly com- pleted its transformations and that the adults were ready to oviposit and infest the late sown barley.
Signs of infestation. The first indication of attack is found in the darker color of the leaves and a tendency among the young plants to stool freely. The broader lower leaves and the absence of a central shoot, it having been killed, are also noticeable in infested fields. As the attack advances the infested plants turn yellow or brown and die and the maggots may be found at the base of the leaves near the ground. The spring brood attacks tillers or laterals which were unharmed in the autumn, dwarfing and weakening the stems so that the grain usually lodges before ripening and can not be harvested well.
Rule for determining time for sowing winter wheat. This has been the subject of considerable study by Prof. Webster of Ohio and Dr Hopkins of West Virginia. The latter, in Bulletin 67 of the West Virginia agricultural experiment station, has given in considerable detail much data bearing on this subject and in that bulletin he elaborates a very interesting rule for determin- ing this date in various sections of the country. His results are not only based on considerable scientific research, but they have been confirmed by practical experience. Dr Hopkins finds: 1) That under similar conditions of land surface, other than altitude, there is a normal rate of difference of time in the peri- odical phenomena of plants and animals for all differences in latitude and altitude. 2) That under normal conditions the rate of average variation for the beginning or ending of any phenomenon is not far from one day for every fourth of a degree of latitude, or for every 100 ft of elevation. Using this rule and taking as a base the time, September 25, determined by Prof. Webster through observation as the date when the Hessian fly normally disappears from fields about Columbus O. in latitude 40° and with an altitude of S00 ft, it will be found that in Gene- see county, latitude 48°, the normal period when wheat can be sown without injury by the Hessian fly is September 21. This ealculation is for sea level and the date may be pushed forward
720 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
approximately one day for each 100 feet of elevation. The method of reaching this conclusion is as follows: the 3° differ- ence in latitude between the two places gives an allowance of 12 days, that is four for each degree of latitude, and as Genesee county is farther north, the 12 days may be subtracted from the date given for Columbus, but before subtracting this, the date for Columbus must be brought down to a sea level calculation, and as that date is September 25 at 800 feet above sea level, the | safe date must be eight days later, or approximately one day
later for each 100 feet less in elevation. This brings the safe date at Columbus O., were it at sea level, at October 3, and bringing this date forward 12 days, the allowance made for the 3° difference in latitude, we have the normal date for Genesee
county in localities at sea level. This date, September 21, may then be advanced one day for each 100 ft elevation above sex
levei.
At first sight this rule may appear a little cumbersome, but it is really a very simple one and it certainly deserves a trial by every farmer troubled with the Hessian fly. If it accomplishes nothing more, it gives a basis on which to begin experiments, and we are therefore able to approximately figure the safe date for any locality and then this should be checked up by past expe- riences or put to the test of future use. The farther north the location and the higher the elevation, the earlier may the wheat be sown with safety.
Parasites. The parasites of the Hessian fly are very important, since were it not for them it is extremely probable that it would be much more destructive than it is. The easiest way to deter- mine the proportionate number of parasites in any one field is to take infested stalks and breed the adult insects from them. A net-covered jelly tumbler or fruit jar, taking care to avoid close covers and resulting molds, will answer very well as a breeding cage. Later in the season, after the parasites have emerged under natural conditions,an examination of ‘‘flaxseeds” in the field will give some idea of the relative number which have been killed by these tiny friends of man, since each having a cir-
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 721
cular hole in the side has produced a parasite and not a fly. Sometimes fully nine tenths of the Hessian flies are destroyed by parasites and occasion- ally entomologists have ex- perienced difficulty in breed- ing any adult flies from infested wheat stems be- cause the parasites were so numerous.
The above notes give some
idea of the importance of these little creatures. One Fig. 2Merisus destructor (after Riley)
of the most efficient of these parasites is known as Merisus destructor Say, a minute four winged fly which is repre- sented in the accompanying illustration. It occurs not only
Fig. 3 Boeotomus subap- Fig.4 Platygaster herricklii Pack. (after Riley) terus (after Riley)
throughout the American territory affected by the Hessian fly but it is known in England and Europe. Another parasite which ranks next in economic importance to the preceding is known as Boeotomus su bapterus.+ it is frequently wingless as seen in fig. 3. The proportion of winged to wingless individuals is said to vary at different sea- sons of the year. In Missouri this species has been bred from infested wheat stalks more commonly than the preceding. Pilatyeaster herricki1 -ack., represented in the accompanying figure, is another common parasite of this grain pest. CS cf Soe ee
G22 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
This little parasite has been credited with puncturing the Hessian fiy eggs and laying its own therein to hatch later and consume the larva. This was considered a very improbable method of attack, as most true egg parasites complete their life cycle within the egg itself though the observations of Marchal on Trichasis have shown the probability of such a mode in this species.
Entedon epigonus Walker. This species was intro- duced into this country in 1891 through the efforts of Dr C. V. Riley who received parasitized pupae from Fred Enoch of England. These were distributed to Prof. Forbes of Illinois, Prof. Cook, then of Michigan, and Prof. Webster, then of Indi- ana. It is impossible to state even at this date how much
benefit may ultimately result from the introduction of this para-
z Hie
“iii
uit
“al (Ain Fig.5 Entedon epigonus Walk. (after Howard, Insect life, 7:356, 1895) site, but Mr Marlatt, writing of the Hessian fly in 1901, states that considerable good may be expected from it. It had become established in the vicinity of Washington D. C. and presumably in Illinois, but whether it will continue to hold its own and prove an efficient aid in the control of this serious pest remains to be seen. Two other primary parasites of the Hessian fly are known in America. They are Pteromalus pallipes Forbes and Eupelmus allynii French.
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 (Ge
Preventive and remedial measures. Lute sowing. One of the most important preventive measures is to delay sowing till after the adult flies have deposited their quota of eggs and perished. In New York this means delaying sowing as a rule till Septem- ber 20 or a little later. A preceding paragraph gives more specific directions for the determination of the date when wheat may be safely sown in different latitudes and at varying alti- tudes. The difference in latitude in New York is relatively slight but altitude has considerable influence on the period when wheat may be sown with safety. The experiences of 1900 and 1901 have demonstrated anew the destructive powers of this pest and as many of the holdings in western New York are exceed- ingly small and the fields of wheat so near one another that it is very easy for the flies to make their way from one to the other, the delaying in the date of sowing is of itself not sufficient to ‘guaranty immunity from the ravages of this insect.
Resistant varieties. There is probably no such thing as abso- jutely fly proof wheat but experience has shown that the varieties known as no. 8, Dawson’s golden chaff, White chaff, Mediterranean, red Russian, prosperity and democrat lave withstood the attack of the Hessian fly very successfully in western New York, even when the beardless, weak-stemmed white wheat known as no. 6 was very seriously injured and sometimes totally destroyed. Some of the varieties badly affected by the fly are better yielders than the aboye but the only safe way is to sow one which is able to resist attack to a considerable extent. It is very remarkable that while Dawson’s golden chaff was so free from injury in the Empire ‘state, it sustained much harm last spring in Canada, its native home.
Good culture. Thorough culture counts for very much when trying to grow a good crop of wheat. The field should be thoroughly prepared and the land gotten into excellent con- dition before it is considered fit for the crop. An endeavor ‘should be made to get a growth of firm straw and to produce plants vigorous enough so that if attacked they will tiller
(24 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
abundantly and thus avoid a serious decrease in yield. A badly drained soil, where conditions favor a moist growth of succulent straw, appears to be quite favorable to the fly and in some such places the injury was much more manifest than on higher well drained land. Prof. Webster of Ohio, who has studied this insect for over 15 years, believes that four fifths of Hessian fly injury can be prevented by a better system of agriculture.
Trap strips. This device has long been recommended by entomologists and was earnestly advocated by Dr Fitch but there has been considerable difficulty in getting farmers to take up the idea and go to the trouble of preparing a little ground, sowing it early and then turning it under soon after the flies have deposited their eggs. Many wheat growers prefer to wait and take their chances on the crop not being seriously injured by ‘the fly. S. W. Wadhams of Garland N. Y. made a test of this plan with most excellent results. Aug. 25, 1900 he sowed two widths of the drill round a 20 acre field and then sowed the remainder on September 27 and 28 and just before the last sowing came through the ground, his decoy strip was plowed under, put in condition and resown. At the time of plowing he found that practically every leaf and stalk of the wheat was completely covered with the eges of the fly, so that the strip turned brown and myriads of the flies swarmed up in front and over the horses as they walked over it. The result
yas that in 1901 he harvested 214 bushels of no. 6 wheat an acre. This yield was secured when other fields of no. 6 wheat were so badly injured as to produce from three fourths of a crop to almost nothing. Mr Wadhams sowed another trap strip Aug. 20, 1901 and on September 14 he found that the young wheat plants were being rapidly covered with eggs of the Hessian fly, and he now suggests that the trap or decoy strips be plowed under about nightfall or in the cool of early evening, at a time when the few remaining flies, if any be alive, would naturally be resting on the wheat plants, and the chance of covering them deeply would therefore be immensely increased. Agricultural
practice in western New York does not always admit of the
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 (#45)
trap strip round the sides of a field to be sown with wheat and fortunately this is not necessary because, from what we know of the habits of the flies, it is very likely that they would be attracted to a patch of wheat sown some little distance, a half mile or more from the field which it was proposed to put into wheat. It would be better undoubtedly to have a trap strip beside the field, but if that is impossible, much may be gained by sowing a small patch of wheat at some little dis- tance and turning it under as proposed above.
Burning stubble and chaff. This has been recommended by a number of writers but in western New York at least the com- mon practice of sowing to grass with wheat, prohibits the burn- ing of the stubble. This objection would not hold in regard to burning the chaff from the threshing machines and this might well be done in case the wheat is at all infested by the Hessiam fly.
Plowing under stubble. This is also impractical in cases where grass follows wheat but in other instances it would certainly do no harm if the stubble is at all infested, and it is advised where no additional labor or expense be entailed.
Rotation of crops. The judicious rotation of crops will un- doubtedly do considerable toward reducing the ravages of this. insect, particularly if care is taken to have the wheat fields of successive years at some distance from each other.
Destruction of volunteer wheat. The Hessian fly breeds in volun- teer wheat, and wherever possible without incurring undue: labor and expense such wheat should be destroyed or plowed under before it can produce the adult flies.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
The following citations include most of the more important early notices. of this insect and nearly all of those relating to the recent injuries by it in New York.
1792 Havens, J. N. Observations on the Hessian fly. Soc. in N. Y. for promoting agric., arts and mfgr’s. Trans. pt. 1, p. 89-107 (observations. on origin, ravages, life history and remedies).
1817 Say, Thomas. Original description and notes on life history. Acad. nat. sci. Jour. 1:45-48; same republished in Le Conte. Say’s Complete writings. 1888. 2:4-6.
(26 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
1818 Say, Thomas. Hessian fly, grain moth, cut worm. Phila. soc. prom. agric. Mem. 4: 236-37 (oviposition, burning stubble recommended).
1826 Hunter, David. Bd agric. state N. Y. Mem. 3:55-56 (time of -appearance of flies).
1841 Herrick, E. C. Observations on Hessian fly. Am. jour. arts and sci. 41: 153-58.
1843 Morris, H. M. Observations on the development of the Hessian fly. Acad. nat. sci. Proc. 1: 66-68 (observations).
1843 On the Cecidomyia destructor or Hessian fly. Am. phil. soc. Trans. 8:49-51 (observations on life history).
1844 Gaylord, Willis. N. Y. state agric. soc. Trans. 3: 141-43 (brief -account).
1844 Herrick, E. C. Patent office rep’t. Agriculture, p. 161-67 (brief general account).
1845 Fitch, Asa. Insects injurious to vegetation no. 2. Am. quar. jour. agric. and sci. 1: 255-69 (generic characters of Cecidomyia and mention of C. destructor).
1846 Insects injurious to vegetation no. 4. Am. quar, jour. agric. and sci. 4:244-64 (early history and synonymy).
1846 Morris, H. M. Amer. jour. of agric. and sci. 5: 206-8 (contro- yversy on habits of Hessian fly).
1847 Fitch, Asa. Hessian fly. N. Y¥. state agric. soc. Trans. 6: 316-73 (summary account); (Same, separate date 1847, p. 3-60).
1847 Insects injurious to vegetation no, 5. Am. quar. jour. -agric. and sci. 5:1-27 (life history, habits, parasites and remedies).
1854 Glover, Townsend. Insects injurious and beneficial to vegeta- tion. Patent office rep’t. Agriculture, p. 72-74 (brief account).
1858 Johnson, B. P. Wheat midge, Hessian fly, ete. N. Y. state -agric. soc. Trans. 18: 287-803 (records of injuries in New York).
1862 Fitch, Asa. N. Y. state agrice. soc. Trans. 21:819-30 (gen- eral account of the insect in the U. S.); same in Noxious and other insects -of New York. 7th rep’t. 1862. p. 183-44.
1862 Harris, T. W. Insects injurious to vegetation, p. 568-87 (gen- eral notice).
1863 Fitch, Asa. N. Y. state agric. soc. Trans. 22:685-86 (historical notes on the early history of the Hessian fly in this country); same in Noxious and other insects of New York. 8th rep’t. 1863. p. 208-4.
1866 Walsh, B. D. Hessian fly. Prac. ent. 2:7 (late sowing of more ‘value than trap strips).
1866 —— Joint worm. Prac. ent. 1:37-38 (characteristics of Hessian fly); A new humbug, p. 108-10 (exposes fraudulent claims for controlling ‘this insect).
1872 Lintner, J. A. Hessian fly. Country gentleman, June 13, 37:376 (brief note identifying Hessian fly).
1878 —— Hessian fly. Country gentleman, Jan. 24, 48:55 (brief -general account).
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 (Ps
=|
1880 Hagen, H. A. Hessian fly not imported from Europe. Can. ent. 12: 197-207 (discussion of subject).
1880 Hagen, H. A. Probable parthenogenesis of Cecidomyia de- structor. N. Am.ent. 1:65-66 (notes on development of unfertilized eggs).
1880 Lintner, J. A. Hessian fly. Country gentleman, July 8, 45:439 (brief general account).
1880 Packard, A. S. Hessian fly. Am. ent. 3:118-21 (preliminary notes).
1880 Packard, A. S. Hessian fly. U.S. ent. com. Bul. 4, p. 1-43 (de- tailed account); Hessian fly. Am. nat. 14:586 (notes on work done in controlling pest).
1880 Riley, C. V. Probable parthenogenesis in the Hessian fly. Am. ent. 3:127 (parthenogenesis and relative abundance of Hessian fly).
1881 Riley, C. V. Hessian fiy. Am, nat. 15:750 (Hessian fly abundant in central and southern Illinois and in Missouri); Effect of drought on Hessian fly, p. 916 (records drying up of puparia).
1881 Riley, C. V. Hessian fly. Am. nat. 15: 750 (record of injury in Illinois and Missouri).
1882 Lintner, J. A. Hessian fly in Ohio. Country gentleman, July 20,
7:567 (brief note identifying Hessian fly).
1888 Hagen, H. A. Hessian fly not imported from Europe. U. S. ent. com. 3d rep’t. App. p. 48-49 (résumé of evidence).
1888 Koppen, F. T. Account of the Hessian fly. U. S. ent. com. 3d rep’t. 18838. App. p. 41-42.
1883 Packard, A. S. Hessian fly—its ravages, habits.and the means of preventing its increase. U. S. ent. com. 3d rep’t. 1883. p. 198-248 (detailed account).
1885 Forbes, S. A. Ill. state ent. 14th rep’t, p. 38-50 (notes on life history and parasites).
1885 Hagen, H. A. [further material concerning the Hessian fly. Can. ent. 17:81-93 (records concerning early occurrence of pest in America); On the Hessian fly in Italy, p. 129-81 (notes).
1885 Webster, F. M. Purdue univ. Sch. of agric. Bul, 1, p. 1-10 (brief general notice).
1886 Riley, C. V. On the parasites of the Hessian fly. U. S. nat. mus. Proc. 1885. 8: 413-22 (critical, descriptive and biologic accounts).
1887 Forbes, S. A. Ill. state ent. Bul. 3, p. 45-61 (observations on life history).
1888 Forbes, S. A. New parasite of the Hessian fly. Psyche, 5:59-40 (describes Platygaster hiemalis).
1888 McMillan, Conway. Neb. agric. exp. sta. Bul. v. 1, no. 2, p. 17-23: (brief general notice).
1888 Riley, C. V. Hessian fly an imported insect. Can. ent. 20: 121- 27 (discussion of evidence relating to the introduction of this pest); Insects confounded with the Hessian fly prior to the revolution. Insect life, 1:86 (states that species Chlorops or Meromyza has been con-
(28 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM fused with the Hessian fly); Remarks on the Hessian fiy, p. 107-8 (discus- sion of evidence relating to introduction of this pest); Hessian fly, p. 151-83 (brief general notice).
1889 Forbes, S. A. Ill. state ent. 15th rep’t, p. 21-34 (observations on life history).
1889 Lintner, J. A. N. Y. state ent. 5th rep’t, p. 263-64 (injury in 1884 more than usual).
1889 Riley, C. V. & Howard, L. O. Burning stubble for Hessian fly. Insect life, 1:294 (discussion of value of this measure).
1890 Forbes, S. A. Ill. agric. exp. sta. Bul. 12, p. 377-79 (brief general notice); Ill. state board of agric. June crop report (brief notice).
1890 Koebele, Albert. Hessian fly in California. Insect life, 2:252. (record of its occurrence); Hessian fly. U. 8. dep’t agric. div. ent. Bul. ‘22 p. 93 (injuries in California).
1890 Summers, H. BE. Hessian fly. Tenn. agric. exp. sta. Spec. bul. E, p. 6-8 (brief general notice).
1891 Forbes, S. A. Ill. state ent. 17th rep’t, p. 54-63 (notes on life his- tory).
1891 McCarthy, Gerald. N. C. exp. sta. Bul. 78, p. 20 (brief notice).
1891 Marten, John. New notes on the life history of the Hessian fly. Insect life, 3:265-66 (observations on development).
1891 Riley, C. V. Appearance of wheat infested with Hessian fly. Insect life, 3:339-40 (remarks on the characteristic appearance of infested wheat).
1891 Riley, C. V. & Howard, L. O. Hessian fly attacking grasses in California. Insect life, 3:306-7 (records occurrence of two species of Cecidomyia in grasses which subsequently proved not to be Hessian fly).
1891 Webster, F. M. O. agric. exp. sta. Bul. vy. 4, no. 7, p. 183-58 (general account).
1891 Woodworth, C. W. Cal. agric. exp. sta. Rep’t. 1890. p. 312-18 (variation in Hessian fly injury).
1892 Garman, Harrison. Ky. agric. exp. sta. Bul. 40, p. 3-7 (brief general notice).
1892 Riley, C. V. & Howard, L. O. Hessian fiy in New Zealand. Insect life, 4:405-6 (record of occurrence).
1898 Webster, F. M. Insect foes of American cereal grains with ineasures for their prevention or their destruction. Insect life, 6:146-50 (notes on prevalence and destructiveness of Hessian fly).
1895 Howard, L. O. Imported parasite of the Hessian fly. Insect life, 7: 356-57 (note on introduction of Entedon epigonus); Apparent success of the Hessian fly parasite importations, p. 414-15 (suecesstul establishment of Entedon).
1895 Lugger, Otto. Minn. agric. exp. sta. 1st rep’t ent. p. 117-19 dbrief notice).
REPORT. OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 729
1895 Smith, J. B. N. J. agric. exp. sta.. Rep’t ent. p. 365, 520-26 {record of injuries in New Jersey and remedial measures); N. J. agric. exp. sta. Bul. 110, p. 1-8 (brief general notice).
1896 Lugger, Otto. Minn. agric. exp. sta. 2d rep’t ent. p.11-14 (record of injuries, parasites). J
1896 McCarthy, Gerald. N. C. exp. sta. Bul. 128, p. 154-55 (brief notice).
1896 Osborn, Herbert. Ia. agric. exp. sta. Bul. 33, p. 598-600 (brief general account); Notes on entomological events of 1896 in Iowa. U. S. dep’t agric. div. ent. Bul. 6, new series, p. 79-80 (notice of injury, parasites).
1896 Smith, J. B. N. J. agric. exp. sta. Rep’t, p. 434-35 (injuries in New Jersey).
1897 Fletcher, James. Experimental farms (Canada). Rep’t, p. 226-27 (notes on injuries).
1897 Marchal, Paul. Les Cecidomyies des céréales et leurs parasites. Société entomologique de France. Annales. 66:1-42, 43-47, 51-62, 80-100 (detailed account with original observations on life history, transforma- tions and parasites).
1897 Webster, F. M. O. state bd agric. 51st rep’t, p. 493-95 (remedial ' measures for Hessian fly).
1898 Felt, E. P. Hessian fly in Pennsylvania. Country gentleman, July 14, 63:546-47 (general account); Hessian fly, Nov. 17, p. 906 (pre- ventive measures recommended).
1898 Fernald, H. T. Hessian fly in wheat. Pa. dep’t agric. Folder, p. 1-4 (brief general notice).
1898 Howard, L. O. Science. new series, 7:246-48 (review of Mar- chal’s paper).
1898 Johnson, W. G. U.S. dep’t agric. div. ent. Bul. 17, new series, p. 94 (injuries in Maryland).
1898 Osborn, Herbert. Hessian fly in the United States. U. 8. dep’t agric. diy. ent. Bul. 16, new series, p. 1-57 (detailed account).
1899 Felt, E. P. Hessian fly. Country gentleman, Aug. 10, 64:628-29 (general account); Hessian fly, Nov. 22, p. 942 (rule for ascertaining date for sowing).
1899 Fernald, H. T. Pa. dep’t agric. Bul. 46, p.5-8 (brief general notice).
1899 Fletcher, James. Experimental farms (Canada). Rep’t, p. 175-75 (injuries and remedies).
1899 Lugger, Otto. Minn. agric. exp. sta. Bul. 64, p. 551-57 (brief general account).
1899 Pettit, R.H. Insects of the year, Mich. agric. exp. sta. Bul. 175, p. 358-61 (brief general account).
1899 Webster, F. M. O. agric. exp. sta. Bul. 107, p. 257-88 (detailed account).
730 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
1900 Hopkins, A. D. W. Va. agric. exp. sta. Bul. 67, p. 239-50 (gen- eral account with rule for determining time of sowing). 1900 Webster, F. M. O. agric. exp. sta. Bul. 119, p. 239-47 (observa+
tions in 1899 and 1900).
1901 Felt, E. P. Hessian fly. Country gentleman, May 30, 66:442 (remedial measures); Hessian fly, June 13, p. 486 (request for data); same N. Y. farmer, June 18, p. 8; June 27, p. 7; Am. agric. June 22, p. 816, col. 1; Hessian fly in New York. Country gentleman, Oct. 3, 66:799-800 (summary account of injuries in 1901 and remedial measures).
1901 Forbes, E. B. Minn. agric. exp. sta. Press bul. 18, p. 1-11 (brief general account).
1901 Garman, Harrison. The Hessian fly. Ky. agric. exp. sta. Bul. 96, p. 193-98 (period of flight and oviposition).
1901 Marlatt, C. L. U. S. dep’t agric. Farmers bul. 132, p. 13-22 (brief “general account).
1901 Powers, S. Hessian fly. Country gentleman, Oct. 51, 66:889 (historical notice and remedial measures).
1901 Roberts, I. P., Slingerland, M. V. & Stone, J. L. Hessian fly. Cornell uniy. agric. exp. sta. Bul. 194, p. 239-60 (summary account for 1901).
1901 Slingerland, M. V. Hessian flies and rag weed. Rural New Yorker, 60:612 (Hessian fly does not breed in rag weed; use of decoy strips); Facts about fly proof wheat, 60:627 (notes on the resistance of various varieties).
1901 Wadhams, S. W. Hessian fly. Country gentleman, Sep. 12, 66: 740 (results obtained with trap crop); Traps for Hessian fly. Rural New Yorker, Oct. 5, 60:674-75 (method of using trap crop).
1901 Webster, F. M. Hessian fly in the middle west. Rural New Yorker, 60:219 (parasites bred abundantly).
1901 Webster, F. M. Wheat and Hessian fly. Rural New Yorker, 60: 537, 558 (notes on conditions from various localities).
1902 Felt, E.P. U.S. dep’t agric. div. ent. Bul. 31, new series, p. 22-24 (injuries in 1901).
1902 Stedman, J. M. More important insects injurious to wheat in Missouri. Mo. state bd agric. Rep’t 1902, Separate p. 23-34 (general account).
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 Tips
NOTES FOR THE YEAR
The following records include some of the more important observations made during 1901. Special attention has been given to forest and shade tree insects throughout the summer. Systematic collecting was pursued at Karner, 7 miles west of Albany, where there is an admirable growth of scrub oaks and small hard pines. These conditions were excellent for securing all the insects affecting these trees, and the results of the season’s work, together with that of previous years, will be incorporated in a special bul- letin on forest insects now in prepara- tion. The notes relating to the vari- ous species mentioned below have been grouped under convenient heads, so that they may be of greater service to the parties interested in the prac-
tical aspect of the work.
Fruit tree pests
Fruit tree bark beetle, Scolytus rugulosus Ratz. This insect ap-
pears to be on the increase in VariOUS jyy6. ¢ work of woodpeckers on plumtree infested by fruit tree bark parts of the state, as several Com- beetle (original) plaints and personal experience seem to indicate. Our re- port for 1900, p. 989 (N. Y. state mus. bul. 36) records an attack by large numbers of the beetles on a_peachtree Sep. 7. May 22, 1901, in the same locality our attention was attracted to some young plumtrees, from which a large propor- tion of the bark had been stripped, and investigation showed that the bark and sapwood of these trees were almost alive with pupae of this insect. The woodpeckers had found them out, and had literally stripped the bark from the infested trees and splint- ered the surface of the wood in their efforts to get at the pupae.
A hairy woodpecker, Dryobates villosus Linn., was
(32 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
observed in the vicinity of the trees, and it was probably this species which preyed on the bark beetles. This is a striking illustration of the value of woodpeck- ers and their perseverance in digging out such small insects. These pupae were undoubtedly the progeny of the fall brood of beetles, which were ob- served Sep. 7, 1900, entering trees in large numbers. Aug. 1, 1901, adults of Scolytus in some numbers were entering the bark of a young dying appletree, a victim of Saperda candida, at Pittstown N. Y. The bark beetles gnawed many minute holes about ;’; of an inch deep and of the same diameter. Some of these holes were deserted, and in other
places the beetles were at work mak-
Fic. 7 Work of fruit tree bark 5 ° ‘ : _ cee. O beetle in plum (original) ing the primary entrance or beginning
a gallery. This observation in connection with the preced- ing ones shows very clearly that the fall brood of beetles, if there be a distinct one, as is very probable, extends in the eastern part of New York state from Aug. 1 till-Sep. 7 or later. This is still further confirmed by our finding at Ripley N. Y. Sep. 5, 1901, beetles entering plumtrees in large numbers.
The presence of pupae and recently transformed beetles in the plumtrees examined May 22 would indicate that the adults would probably have emerged within a short time. There are therefore at least two generations annually in New York state, and the short period necessary for the completion of the life cycle permits more. It may be that more do occur, but there does not appear to be any good evidence to that effect, at pres- ent. Another cheering feature in the last mentioned attack was the breeding of numbers of the beneficial parasite known as
Chi ropare h y's .cio lon, Linn.
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 hos
Grapevine fidia, Fidia viticida Walsh. This pest has become thoroughly established in some of the vineyards about Ripley N. Y., where it has already destroyed several and is seriously injuring others. An examination of the infested locality early in September 1901 showed that the badly infested area was still quite limited, though the beetles were known to occur in small numbers over a considerable tract. Mr F. A. Morehouse stated that he found the pest most injurious to those
vines from which the earth had been plowed away more or less,
Fig. 8 Fidia viticida:a beetle; b eggs represented natural size under fold of bark and much enlarged at side; ec young larva; dfullgrown larva; epupa; finjury to leaf by beetles; ginjury to roots by larvae—b (in part) and fand g natural size, rest much enlarged. (After Marlatt, U.S. dep't agric. Yearbook 1895. p. 392)
thus affording the larvae a better opportunity to get at the roots, while these well pretected by earth suffered com- paratively little. This is certainly worthy of further trial; and, while it can hardly be expected to afford absolute immu- nity, it may decrease the injury materially. Spraying the vines toward the last of June or early in July with arsenate of lead, preferably using the prepared paste form now on the markets, will do considerable to lessen the damage by poisoning the
734 NEW YORK STATE MUSHUM
beetles before they have had an opportunity to deposit many eggs.
It is worthy of note that this species had been in the eastern part of New York state for a number of years without attract- ing attention by its ravages. Specimens of this beetle were taken by the late Dr Lintner June 30, 1880, at Schenectady N. Y. and on Virginia creeper at Albany July 20,1882. The 25th of last July this
pest was rather abundant on Virginia
Sr acrn ayes aeRO
creeper at Albany, yet no serious injury
Se one ASRS Pte mage :
to grapevines in this vicinity has been observed. Fic. $ Colaspis brunnea,
much enlarged (original) Brown colaspis, Colaspis brunnea Fabr. This pest, in company with Fidia viticida Walsh and Systena hudsonias Forst., was received from Fredonia N. Y. with the complaint that grapevines had been seriously injured. Much of the harm was undoubt- edly, 2caused by the Fidia; but, as this species of Colaspis was present in considerable numbers, and as it is well known as an enemy not only of the grape- vine but also of strawberry plants, it probably caused consid- erable injury. This species was also taken in very small numbers on hard pine, Pinus rigida, and on willow at Karner N.Y. July 8. The beetles are very general feeders, having been previ- ously recorded as feeding on such unlike plants as beans, clover, buckwheat,
strawberry, potato and corn.
x ys Fic. 10 A ‘ Round-headed appletree borer, Saperda veetie “PPetTee Porer, adult
candida Fabr. <A number of severe injuries by this well known pest have been brought to notice during the year. It was quite common and destructive at Pittstown and vicinity, as reported by W. C. Hitchcock, and the reason for this is found’ in the fact that little or no attention
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 735
is paid to its operations. It was not only seriously dam- aging young trees there, but it was commonly present in greater or less numbers at the base of the older ones. It was found quite abundant in an orchard of young trees in East Greenbush, where seven good sized grubs were taken from the base of a small tree not over 3 inches in diameter. There is no doubt that persistent and thorough digging or cut- ting out of these grubs and the use of a protective wrapper at the base of the trees are all that is,necessary to control this pest. The cost of these measures is very slight compared with the value of the orchard. ‘
Red-headed flea beetle. Svystena frontalis Forst. The destructive tendencies of this little black, red-headed flea beetle have been noticed in a recent report. This year it was received, in company with other insects, as a depredator on grapevines. It probably, as in preceding cases, had bred in weeds, and, when numerous, turned its atten- tion to more valuable plants.
Forest tent-caterpillar, Clisiocampa digssitr ita, Hibn... This inseet-has, been a most serious pest in New York state for the
Fic.11 Red headed flea bee- last four or five years, and in localities here “¢ much enlarged (original)
and there it has proved exceedingly destructive this sea- son. The outbreak of 1901, so far as could be learned, was much more limited in area than in earlier years and confined largely to sections adjacent to where the insect had been specially abundant previously. The caterpillar ap- pears as a rule to be unable to exist in large numbers in one locality for more than four or five years in succes- sion. This is probably to be explained by the local activity of natural enemies. Another marked feature has been the increasing predominance of tiie pest in orchards. It is perhaps hardly necessary to add that most of the injuries in orchards could have been prevented by timely and thorough spraying.
736 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Cenopis diluticostana WIsm. The peach twig moth, Anarsia lineatella, is a well known boring pest of peach twigs, but the results of this summer apparently show that some other species may be involved and produce very similar injury. The 22d of last June Mr C. H. Stuart of Newark N. Y. sent in peach twigs affected with what he thought was the common peach twig borer. On breeding it, however, it proved to be the above named insect, which was kindly determined by Prof. C. H. Fernald. The notes made at the time on the material sent are of interest and are here transcribed. <All the buds had been killed on three or four twigs, 4 to 6 inches long, and those bear- ing green leaves also had masses of gum of considerable size. The young fruit had also been attacked somewhat. The bark and the sapwood under the masses of fresh gum had been seriously mined. In some places the mines were linear and in others were expanded and very broad. Mr Stuart subsequently wrote that there was hardly a branch of the tree that was not affected, and that many apricot, plum, cherry, apple, peach, willow and other trees for miles on each side were injured, though such an attack had not been previously noted. The trees recovered later, but many small branches were killed.
This insect was described by Lord Walsingham in 1879 in his Illustrations of typical specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the collection of the British museum, pt 4, “North American Tortricidae,” p. 18. The specimen from which his description was drawn up came from the eastern states of North America. Prof. Fernald in 1882 redescribed this species as Cenopis quercana in the transactions of the American entomological society, 10:69. His description of the moth is herewith transcribed.
Head, palpi and antennae, reddish gray in the males, con- colorous with the thorax and fore wings in the females. Thorax and fore wings dull rust red. Basal patch, median and sub- apical bands lighter in the males and inclining to yellowish on the costa with strong greenish reflections when seen in an oblique light, showing most strongly in the females. Fringes lighter. Hind wings and abdomen above, light fuscous, lighter beneath. Underside of forewings dull reddish, fuscous on the cell, the lighter markings of the upper side scarcely showing. Expanse, male 14 mm; female, 16 mm.
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 73
The specimens from which the above description was drawn were bred from leaves of oak by Prof. Comstock, probably at Ithaca N. Y. and from cultivated cherry by Miss Murtfeldt in Missouri. Prof. Fernald states that there are no other records concerning this insect; and, while most of the above recorded injury to peach twigs may possibly be the work of the peach twig borer, it is certainly of interest te know that this species also attacks the peachtree, and further investigation may show that it is responsible for considerable of the injury. The one bred specimen pupated in a leaf. The empty pupal case was about 2 inch in length, light brown in color, and the dorsum of each of the abdominal segments bore two trans-
Fig. 12 Typhlocyba (sp.): aT. comes Say, female; bT. comes Say, male; ctypical form of T. vitifex; dlarva; epupa; fappearance of injured leaf; gcast pupal skins. (After Marlatt, U.S. dep’t agric. Yearbook 1895. p. 401)
verse rows of serrations, the anterior rows being very well developed and consisting of from seven to 10 dark, chitinous teeth. The cremaster is dark brown, blunt at the extremity and tipped with six or eight rather stout, though small, recurved spines.
Grapevine leaf hopper, Ty phlocyba comes var. vitis. This little leaf hopper is very familiar to many grape growers, and during the past season it has been exceptionally abundant in parts of the grape-growing districts of Chautauqua county. The foliage in many vineyards was very seriously affected, parti-
7D (5
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
0")
cularly the shaded, underleaves. The work of this species was less noticeable in vineyards where clean culture was the rule, although the pest was very generally present.
Shade and forest tree pests
Elm leaf beetle. Galerucella luteola Mill. This imported species continues to be a serious enemy of European elms in Albany, Troy and vicinity. The depredations of this pest have been so severe as to lead to the maintenance and operation of two power spraying outfits by the municipality of Albany. Two are also in operation by a private owner in Troy, where they are kept busy throughout the spraying season, each individual paying for the treatment of his own trees. The general condition of the shade trees in both cities is much improved by this work, and, considering all the trees in the streets of both cities, the results are decidedly in favor of Albany. This is probably due al- most entirely to the fact that it is much more economical to take a street at a time and
spray all the trees than to go hither and
Fic. 13 Elm leaf beetle, thither as desired by private persons. The adult, much enlarged (re- S
depieeueeeeatbonr iy) fOrmer is possible only where the city under-
takes to spray all the trees on the streets, while the lat- ter must obtain where spraying depends on the will and financial ability of the owner of the abutting property. It might be well to add that as a rule Albanians neglect the trees on their own premises, while people of Troy who have spraying done, invariably include the trees on the premises as well as those in front of the property. The elm leaf beetle has almost undisputed sway in the poorer parts of Troy, because the residents can not afford to have their trees sprayed; while in Albany, these, as well as those inhabited by the wealthier class, are treated, with most beneficient results, because it is in these poorer quarters that shade is most urgently needed. It therefore seems to me advisable to urge
the prosecution of such work, when necessary, on municipalities,
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 736
rather than to allow it to depend on the enterprise of private individuals, solely because it means the greatest good to the greatest number at a minimum expenditure. This imported pest is slowly extending its range northward of Albany and Troy, and, in some localities where no spraying is done, it is this season proving a scourge to both European and American elms.
The cost of spraying shade trees in cities and villages is a very important matter; and in a former bulletin! some attempt was made to ascertain the expense connected with such operations. Figures at that time gave the cost as ranging from about 15c to 56c a tree. Some recent estimates have come into my pos- session regarding the cost of spraying in Albany and its immedi- ate vicinity. Mr H. W. Gordinier states that in Lansingburg N. Y., where he had a contract to spray all the trees in the vil- lage and where most of the elms are very large, the cost per tree for one spraying averaged about 238c, while in Troy, where he sprays the trees of private individuals here and there over the city and is necessarily obliged to travel considerably to go from one lot of trees to another, the cost of spraying ranges from 50c to 60c a tree for each spraying. In both cases the rather more expensive arsenate of lead was used. Both of these figures apply to elmtrees infested with the elm leaf beetle; and, as all who have had experience with this pest know, it requires very careful and thorough spraying in order to obtain satis- factory results. The average cost per tree for spraying in Albany in 1901, using 5 pounds of Bowker’s disparene to each 100 gallons of water, was 22c, and the average number of trees sprayed per day by each power spraying outfit was 40. Two were operated under one foreman. However, it was found that, where the trees were small and of a nearly uniform size, such as Norway maples about 30 feet in hight, 180 trees could be sprayed in one day.
The village of Saratoga Springs undertook to spray its many large maple trees, ranging in hight from 20 to 80 feet, in 1900,
1N, Y. state mus. Bul. 20. 1898. p. 21-22.
740 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
and for that purpose it purchased two power spraying outfits, each provided with an elevating apparatus such as is commonly seen on repair wagons of electric roads. With such an outfit it was found that the average cost per tree for each spraying was 171c. Mr Wells, superintendent of streets, is of the opinion that this elevating apparatus is a great saver in time and money. It should be borne in mind, however, that the maple trees at Saratoga were not infested with the elm leaf beetle, but with the forest tent-caterpillar, and that spraying in the case of the latter insect is much easier than in the case of the former, and the cost would therefore be much less.
The work in Albany was done under the civil service regula- tions, and, owing to local conditions, the foreman was unable to exercise desirable selection in the choice of his men. Mr W.S. Egerton, superintendent of parks, in commenting on the situation remarks as follows: “An active energetic foreman, understanding thoroughly the requirements of the service, and having authority to select his men for special qualifications as to handling and climbing ladders and spraying properly, could cover much more territory, more effectually and at much less cost per tree, than the eight hour limit and the civil service regulations permit under the present system.” He further remarks concerning the force employed in the operation of the power outfit, which in the city of Albany consisted of a driver, a motorman and two spraying men: ‘The force used on the motors could, under private enterprise, be reduced to three men to each motor, the motorman and driver being one and the same person and two sprayers, making three operators.”
It will be seen by the above that there is an opportunity even with these comparatively low figures to reduce still further the cost of spraying trees without marring the efficiency of the work. The trouble with a great many persons wishing to have spraying done is that they fail to see the necessity of insisting on thorough work, and they are very apt to consider the work cheap if a large number of trees are covered with the poison, whether or not the work be thoroughly done. As a matter of
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 T41
fact, such work may be very dear, because it may accomplish practically nothing. The public need to appreciate the fact that, unless spraying is thoroughly done, it is better not to attempt any such work.
European willow gall midge, Rhabdophaga salicis Schrk. European willows are used to a considerable extent in and about Rochester and other nursery centers for the purpose of binding nursery stock into small bundles; and any attack made on plan- tations of young willows is therefore of some economic import- ance. Mr H.C. Peck called our attention in November 1898 to some galled willows which he found in a small block owned by T. C. Wilson of Brighton N. Y. The insects live in the stems of the willows, and by the production of their galls made them brittle and unfit for tying purposes.
Fig. 14 Venation of Rhabdophaga salicis, much enlarged (original)
Repeated attempts were made to secure the identification of this insect from European authorities but, owing to rough usage and possibly inspections of mail matter, nothing more definite than a generic reference could be obtained, till fresh galls were sent in the spring of 1902 to Prof. J. J. Kieffer, the well known authority on this group, who kindly determined the species. These repeated failures rendered it advisable to characterize the insect, and the following description was in type before the determination was made and it is hoped that this study of a member of the genus Rhabdophaga may prove of value to those interested in this group.
The extreme length of the adult female is about 3 mm. The eyes are black, finely granulated, emarginate anteriorly, con- fluent in the male and nearly so in the female. The antennae
742, NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
are 17 jointed and in the male are about the length of the insect. The first joint is subconical, second ovoid and the re- mainder are pediceled, the pedicel being nearly as long as the enlarged part. The bulb of each segment is irregularly setose, with the hairs as long or longer than the entire segment. Cer- tain of the light dots are connected by lighter strips which appear on focusing to be slightly below the surface of the seg- ment. The female antenna is about one half the length of the insect,
: > _ the first andsecond segments being ie about the same as in the male. : me There are lines of light dots on | = &) . each segment much like those re- | eS corded for Diplosis setigera
Lintn. Each joint is also irregu- larly ornamented with setae,about as long as the segments, that arise
7 A { 29) : J/ @ : = from large, pitlike depressions. = A Gi Gi
The characters of male and fe-
| oo male antennae are shown on plate 2, figures 5,6. The two distal seg- ments are occasionally fused to- gether. The palpi are four-seg- : [y mented, the two distal joints are nearly equal in length, the basal
joint is the shortest and the sec-
& y ond intermediate. The thorax is ‘ / . *. ‘s ornamented with two conyerging
10W 1lverv +7 4 shor Fig. 15 Ventral aspect of pupal skin of ONS of sily ery hair = and a short
Rhabdophag lici le, . (Gtiginaly es 22) iets, much enlarged. row of Smaller Jones occurs. om
each humeral angle, and the metathorax is tipped with a trans- verse row of the same vestiture. The wings are sparsely covered and well fringed with fuliginous hairs. The venation is represented in figure 14. The halteres are long, slender and tipped with pale yellow. The legs are very long and
slender, claws bifid, toothed and with well developed empodium
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 743
(pl. 2, fig. 3,4). The distended abdomen of a gravid female is dark red, the color evidently being derived from the contents. The abdomen of the male is nearly black, and the clasps are tipped with two very short, minute teeth.
The puparium is subconical, about 3 mm long, with the anterior two thirds a dark straw yellow and the posterior third a dark rufous.
The cephalic horns of the pupa are pointed, confluent at the base and of a hight equal to their greatest width. The promi- nent dorsal processes are slender, slightly crooked when ob- served from the side and with a length equal to about one third of the diameter of the pupa (fig. 15). The slender, setaceous pro- cesses are shown at plate 2, figure 2. The pupal mandibles are four toothed, tipped with light brown chitinous and the ventral tooth is nearly twice the size of the one next it which in turn is larger than the others. All curve some and taper to acute points.
The larva is stout, orange red, with 11 easily distinguished segments. It is about 3} mm long, and the “breast bone,” or sternal spatula, is nearly black, enlarged slightly at both ex- tremities and two toothed anteriorly (pl. 2, fig. 1).
Fig. 16 Caterpillar of carpenter moth (original)
The reddish orange eggs are deposited on the leaves by cap- tive flies in irregular clusters or groups of three to six or more, frequently side by side. They are lanceo-elliptic in outline and about ; of a mm in length.
This insect produces many celled galls in the stems of small willows. At the time the insects appear, the bark over the infested part turns brown or black and, the pupae working partly through a circular orifice, discloses the imago. The pupal case remains projecting from the gall, and usually there
[4A NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
are enough individuals in one gall to give an empty one a very characteristic appearance on account of the whitish, projecting pupal cases. A gall is represented at pl. 4, fig. 1.
Adult flies were obtained from May 22 onward, from material received on the 10th, and on the 31st a parasite was bred. This was kindly identified by Dr Ashmead of the United States national museum as Tridymus salicis Nees, a species recorded for the first time in America. Tridymus metal- licus Ashm. was bred in small numbers from galls received in the spring of 1902 and Polygonotus salicicola Ashm. was reared in numbers. This abundance of parasites leads us to hope that natural agents will soon control this pest. Twigs received June 3, 1901, directly from the willow plantation had disclosed some __ flies, showing that the period of emergence extends over a number of days. .Mr Peck further states that Mr Wil- son has been in the habit of opening cases of imported stock near the block of in- fested willows; so it would be comparatively easy for
them to become infested.
Mt Carpenter moth, Prion-
Ni
== —
oxystus robinia®e Peck.
=<
This is a serious enemy to Fie. 17 Work of carpenter moth caterpillars,
Eee ona oUt Worie inal) maple, oak and ash trees in certain sections of New York state. Its destructive work at Ogdensburg was brought to my attention by Miss Mary B. Sherman of that place, and through her some _ inter- esting examples of the borers’ work in sugar mapletrees were secured. One third of a section of a tree about 15 inches in diameter was fairly riddled with the large burrows of
the caterpillar of this insect. It was so abundant as to
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 745
ruin a number of fine trees in that locality and _ necessi- tate their removal. The work of this pest at Buffalo was brought to my notice by Mr M. F. Adams of that city, and through his kindness I have been able to secure good examples of the insects’ work in ash and to observe its operations in oaks. This species also oceurs on Long Island. All the examples of its work seen by me show that the full grown cater- pillars prefer to run their burrows at some depth in the wood, and that as a rule they run so close to and communicate so freely with one another as to destroy the value of infested trees for timber. This insect also causes large unsightly wounds wherever its burrows come near the surface. Caterpillars about to pupate frequently take refuge in these channeled wounds, from which the pupae work themselves partly out before the disclosure of the imago. The eggs are probably deposited in any available crevice, where they adhere to the bark rather firmly. <A piece of root which had been bored by the wil- low cureulio, Cryptorhynchus lapathi Linn, was lying in a breeding cage, and a female Prionoxystus embraced the opportunity to deposit six or seven eggs well within the burrow.
Apparently the females do not hesitate to oviposit before the appearance of males. Some eggs which were found in the office hatched, possibly without being fertilized, but it was impossible to prove the latter point. Dissection of a well distended female which probably had deposited no eggs, showed that she con- tained 269 well formed ova and 133 which were partly developed, making a total of 402.
Leopard moth, Zeuzera pyrina Fabr. Late in January a communication was received from C. H. Stuart, Newark N. Y., accompanied by an imported quince seedling infested with the larva of this notorious pest. It was stated in the letter that all of the stock with which this stock came would be fumigated before it was set out. This pest, as is well known, has proved and is now a very serious enemy to shade trees in and about New York city; and it is only a question of time when it will ‘become more widely distributed in the United States. It is one
TAG NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
of those forms that can not be controlled by fumigation; and, inasmuch as it is known to have been established in New York city and vicinity for nearly 20 years, it is surprising that it has not spread more rapidly. See pl. 38 for an illustration of the insect and its work.
Birch leaf bucculatrix, Bucculatrix canadensisella Chamb. Last fall the white birches all about Albany were very badly affected by a small caterpillar which ate away the tender, under portion of the leaves. The skeletonized parts dried, turned brown, and the trees looked much as if they had been injured by fire. This year the pest appears to be even more numerous, having been very abundant about Albany. Its work was also observed all through the western two thirds of Massa- chusetts, and it has been reported as quite injurious in several localities in the northern part of New York. This attack is not unprecedented, though of considerable interest on account of its covering so large a territory. This insect was reported to Dr Lintner as injurious about Scottsville, Monroe co., in 1886, and in 1891 it seriously injured birches about Ausable Forks NoEYE
The parent of this caterpillar is a little, brownish white moth with a wing spread of but 2 of an inch. The caterpillar is a delicate, yellowish green creature about + of an inch long when full grown. During the last half of August and the first half of September many can be found curled up under a white, silken covering known as the molting cocoon. Later a beautiful, white, ribbed cocoon will be constructed in which the winter is passed. PI. 4, fig. 5 illustrates well the appearance of the insect in its various stages.
Valuable trees can be protected by spraying with an arsenical poison, preferably arsenate of lead, taking special pains to get the poison on the under surface of the leaves. It is to be expected that natural agents will soon reduce the numbers of this tiny pest and thus prevent the ultimate killing of the trees.
Golden oak scale, Asterolecanium variolosum Ratz. White oak twigs received from Yonkers N. Y. Sep. 16 were literally covered in places with this insect. The scales
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 TAT
are a little less than ; of an inch in diameter, nearly cireular in outline, strongly convex and varying in color from a light golden yellow to a dark brown. They are usually bordered by a line of white excreted matter, and on badly infested twigs the edges of one scale may overlap those of another. The removal of a scale will reveal a distinct hollow in the bark, showing that
Fig. 18 Pseudococcus aceris: aadult females on leat; b young female and males on bark. Natural size. (After Howard, Insect life. 1894. 7: 235)
the growing bark has developed around rather than under the insect. This scale insect has been quite injurious in earlier years to English oaks at Geneva N. Y., apparently doing more harin to large trees.
The young of this scale insect begin to appear in the latitude of Washington D. C. about the first, of May, but Prof. Lowe, in his report for the year 1895, states that at Geneva N. Y. the
748 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
young had not begun to appear May 29. The young may be expected in the latitude of Yonkers about the middle of May and later; and thorough spraying at intervals of about a week, as long as the young appear, with kerosene emulsion, diluted with nine parts of water, will probably be found very effective in checking this pest. Aim to cover every part of the infested tree with the insecticide.
The small Lecanium mnigrofasciatum Perg has proved a rather serious enemy to soft maples in Albany. This scale insect has been so abundant on some small trees as nearly
SSS eld 7
we)
Fig.19 Pseudococcus aceris: aadult female; bantenna of same; cadult male; d young { larva; cantenna of same—a, c, d greatly enlarged; b,e still more enlarged. (After Howard, Insect life. 1894. 7 :237)
_ to cover the under surface of the limbs, and so much honeydew was exuded that the walks beneath were kept moist. The severe drain on the trees prevented much growth and resulted in killing a number of the smaller limbs. Badly infested twigs have a marked sour, semiputrid odor due in all probability to the decomposition of the honeydew. Young began to appear in Albany about June 14, and by July 15 they were about .5 mm long and were thickly set on the smaller twigs (pl. 4, fig. 2).
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 749
Pseudococcus aceris Geoff. This comparatively rare species was observed in immense numbers on the bark of a hard maple at Albany N. Y., August 6. It was also observed in considerable numbers on hard maples at Worcester Mass. The male cocoons were present in thousands and in places formed large white masses on the trunk, giving a tree the appearance of being affected by a fungus. Some immature individuals were wandering over the masses of the male cocoons. The leaves were also badly affected. The cottony remains of adults were abundant, and here and there old females were still producing young, as a number of very small individuals were observed, and partly grown ones were assembled on the under surface of the leaf in long rows on both sides of the principal veins. There is a marked, subacid, not unpleasant odor about this species when present in large numbers. It is not nearly so offensive as Leeann um - ini erofasciatu mi erg.
Chermes pinicorticis Fitch is always more or less injurious to white pines in Washington park, Albany, but this year it has been exceptionally abundant, not only giving con- siderable portions of the trunk a whitewashed appearance but literally plastering the under surface of many limbs. A number of these pines, as a consequence, have a thin foliage and are sickly. It was also observed in numbers on white pines at Round Lake N. Y.
Garden and other insects
Blister beetles. Several species were brought to notice through the depredations of the adults on various plants. The striped blister beetle, Epicauta vittata Fabr., attacked beets, potatoes, beans and tomatoes about the middle of August, at Valatie, Columbia co. It was reported as very numerous and to have devoured all the beets and tomatoes and then to have attacked potatoes. The exceedingly common black blister beetle, Epicauta pennsylvanica DeG., suddenly attacked sugar beets about the same time at Cobleskill, Scho- harie co., and some patches were destroyed. The latter part of August, this species was reported as injurious to potato vines
750 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
and China asters at Charleston Four Corners, Montgomery co.,. the beetles appearing to prefer the half grown aster blossoms. —
Fic. 20 Striped blister Fic. 21 Black blister beetle, enlarged (original) beetle, enlarged (original)
The margined blister beetle, Epicauta cinerea Forst., is another common and occasionally a very annoying species. Owing to the fact that several species of these beetles are
known to be beneficial in the grub stage, preventive rather than
iH
Y
Fic. 22 Margined blister beetle, enlarged (original)
destructive measures haye uniformly been urged for their suppression.
Pale striped flea beetle. Systena taeniata. This little pest was very common and quite injurious in an eight acre bean field at South Byron, Genesee co. The field had been sown the previous fall to wheat, which was destroyed in early spring by Hessian fly, and then it was again plowed and planted with beans. The weeds growing in the grain undoubtedly supplied
the flea beetles with shelter and provender, and, when they were
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 (5.
destroyed, the insects waited with more or less patience for the appearance of something green. It is well known that this and allied species thrive on weeds, and, while clean culture may not be possible in a grain field, there is rarely a necessity of sowing after grain a crop which these little pests can seriously injure. If such a course be unavoid- able, they can be controlled by spraying the plants early with a poisoned bordeaux mix- ft
ture. #
Fringed anthomyian, Phorbia ? fuseci- fF r : é ceps Zett. The bean fields in several parts 5... 9 pate striped flea
be Fe . " beetl 1 of the state suffered considerably from the aCe ec
attack of some insect. The trouble was first brought to our attention by J. F. Rose, South Byron, Genesee co., and July 10 a number of fields were visited in his company. <A great many bare stalks occurred in several fields, and on inves- tigation it was found that much of the injury of this character must have been caused by a maggot working on the delicate plumule before the plants broke ground and probably before the process of germination had much more than begun. A number of these bare stems were found to be even then infested with dipterous maggots, which were working in the stalks and pro- ducing large cavities surrounded by brownish, partly decayed tissues. The species was identified provisionally from larvae taken under such conditions. Unfortunately, we were not able to obtain adults and thus make an authentic determination pos- sible. The greatest injury was observed in a field which had been sown to wheat the previous fall and through the activity of the Hessian fly had been destroyed. This field had been plowed and planted to beans. The reason for greater injury on such fields is probably found in the fact that grain offers abun- dant food for such insects, and, when this is suddenly destroyed, the insects naturally turn to the most available crop, and 2 the case of a thinly planted one like beans, serious injuries may result. Newspaper reports mention a similar trouble in Orleans
county.
152 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Cacoecia parellela Rob. Moths of this species, kindly identified by Prof. C.H. Fernald, of the Massachusetts agricultural college, Amherst, were bred July 22 to 28 from larvae occurring singly in nests composed of the webbed together terminal leaves of sweet melilot shoots. The caterpillars were quite abundant June 4 to 13 in one small patch of this common weed at West Albany. This species is comparatively new to economic ento- mology, having so far as known been noticed but twice. It was bred by Dr J. B. Smith,' state entomologist of New Jersey, from similar webs occurring on cranberry bushes, and he also ob- served it on adjacent “loose strife.” Larvae of apparently the
ce Fig. 24 Cacoecia paralella: amoth, bcaterpillar, cpupa, all much enlarged (original):
same species were observed on cranberry near St Anthony park, Minn., by the late Dr Otto Lugger,? formerly state entomologist of Minnesota. William Beutenmuller records it as feeding on willow and aster.?
As the larvae differ somewhat in color, being characterized as reddish with yellow heads by Dr Smith in his report for 1892, a description is given herewith.
The full grown caterpillar is about ¢ inch long. Its head and thoracic shield are amber colored. The latter is bordered later- ally and posteriorly with irregular black markings and orna-
*N. J. state agric. exp. sta. Rep’t 1892. p. 440. *University of Minnesota. Agric. exp. sta. Bul. 61. 1898. p. 283.. ‘Amer, mus, nat. hist. Bul. 4. 1892. p!,80,
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 145933
mented with a pair of dark spots on the anterior border near the median line. The body is a rather dark green and bears large, whitish, quite conspicuous tubercles, each with one to three hairs or setae. The anal plate is rather prominent and dark brown posteriorly. The true legs are black and the false or prolegs are a yellowish green color. Described from a num- ber of living specimens. The pupal shell is about 4 inch long, brown in color. The cremaster is black and ornamented with about eight or nine recurved hooks. Squash bug, Anasatristis
DeG. This common and dis- ‘ Fic. 25 Squash bug: a adult female twice
. natural size; b, c and d details of structure gusting pest of the squash and more enlarged (after Chittenden, U.S. dep't
P agric. div. ent. Bul. 19, new series) other vines has been unusually troublesome and destructive the past season. A number of complaints have been received from various sections of the state. The experience of state botanist Peck may well serve as ‘ anexample. After an absence of about X two weeks, he took 63 adult bugs from ne! four hills of squashes, and two hills
x
\
N
had but a single plant each. The
\ | squash leaves were fairly covered with \ VA
y
jacent raspberry and plum leaves, as
eggs, and others were deposited on ad-
) well as on cucumber vines. } Garden flea, Smynthurus hor-
tensis Fitch. Though this insect Guerin eee 18: Said: to.’ occur abundantly dgrms May and June in gardens in New York state, it is rarely brought to the attention of economic entomologists. Its small size and quick movements have undoubtedly deterred many from trying to capture it, but this difficulty was in- geniously solved by Mr C. E. Ford, Oneonta N. ‘Y., whe
ToA4 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
smeared molasses en a piece of. cardboard, gummed it in the bottom of a small box and, while the molasses was still fresh, clapped it over the insects. Their jumping brought them into contact with the sticky surface, and there they re- mained secure and alive till they reached the office. Mr Ford stated, under date of May 31, that this species was particularly injurious to melon and squash vines. The general form of the insect, though much enlarged, is shown in the accompanying figure. It is a broadly oval, black or dark colored insect less than 1, of an inch in length, wingless but provided with short, thick hind thighs and also a peculiar, ventral springing fork. The latter structure is peculiar to insects belonging to the same order, Thysanura, and it is on account of this peculiar organ that these insects are frequently known as “ springtails.” Dust- ing affected plants thoroughly with plaster or ashes or, better still, spraying them with a poisoned bordeaux mixture should control the pests.
Rabbit botfly, Cuterebra ?cuniculi Clarke. This species, closely related to the “ warble fly” of cattle, which is frequently known as “ grub-in-the-back,” was twice brought to notice during the season—once, when infesting Belgian hares, and in this instance the identification was in all probability correct. The second case was that of a kitten four months old, owned by D. F. Meskil of Highland Falls N. Y. The history of the case as stated by Mr Meskil is as follows. About Aug. 7 the kitten * developed an abrasion on his side, midway between the hind and fore quarters and 1 inch below the spine. It rapidly developed into a suppurating protuberance,” and by the 16th it was “an inch and a half long and as thick as a man’s thumb.” It will be noted that this is just about the position where this larva develops on the rabbit. The sore was cut open, and a grub ~ of an inch long and nearly half an inch in trans- verse diameter removed. The grub resembles the one from the Belgian hare very closely, and they probably belong to the same species. It only remains to add that the kitten recovered rapidly after the removal of this disgusting pest. The accom-
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 ay)
panying figure gives a very good idea of the appearance of this grub. An examination of one, with even a common hand lens, will show that its dark brown color is due to a multitude of pointed, chitinous pyramids, which literally cover the nearly white skin, and one has only to imagine such a creature work- ing about in a sore, to obtain some idea of the pain inflicted. The parent fly is about the size of a bumblebee and much re- sembles that insect. It has a black head, yellow brown hairs
on the dorsum of the thorax, yellow hairs on the first segment
Fie. 27 Cuterebra cuniculi: side view; alarva, ventral aspect; bpupa, lateral view; ecanterior extremity; dhooks aud anterior spiracles of larva—all enlarged. (After Osborn, U.S. dep’t agric. div. ent. Bul. 5,n.s. p. 1:9)
of the abdomen and the remaining segments of a blue-black color. It is represented in the accompanying figure.
European praying mantis, Mantis religiosus Linn. This beneficial insect was discovered by Mr Atwood in 1899 at Roch- ester N. Y., where it had undoubtedly been brought on imported nursery stock. Several notices of the introduction of this in- sect have been published by Prof. M. V. Slingerland, who has also issued an interesting bulletin! on this species. It has now become quite abundant in Rochester, and last spring an effort was made, through the kind cooperation of Mr Atwood, who
sent 227 egg clusters, to introduce this beneficial insect into
‘Cornell uniy. agric. exp. sta. Bul. 185.
756 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
other parts of the state. Seven to eight egg clusters from this. lot were sent to the following persons: C. L. Allen, Floral Park, H. S. Ambler, Chatham, M. H. Beckwith, Elmira, R. L. Darrison, Lockport, O. Q. Flint, Athens, S. H. French, Amsterdam, J. T. Gaylord, Poughkeepsie, G. S. Graves, Newport, W. G. Hitchcock, Pittstown, S. B. Huested, spianireils H. D. Lewis, Annandale, E. H. Mairs, Irvington-on-Hudson, L. L. Morrell, Kinderhook, Paul Roach, Quaker Street (Schenectady co.), E.T. Schoonmaker, Cedar Hill, C. H. Stuart, Newark, Franklin Taber, Poughkeepsie and ©. L. Williams, Glens Falls. Each lot was also accom- panied by a letter directing the recipient to keep the eggs cool and as soon as possible to tie them to the stem of some bush or to a low branch of a tree. The persons were requested to keep watch for the hatching of the eggs and to report concerning them. <A copy of Prof. Slingerland’s bulletin was also sent to each. In addition, a number of egg clusters and a few living young were distributed about Washington park, Albany, some in the northeast and a number near the northwest corners of - the main part of the park; 15 egg clusters were distributed May 22 about the premises of H.A.Unger, Hillview, East Greenbush; and about as many June Sin the gorge below Dean’s mill, Coeymans N. Y. A number of egg packets were taken to Sara- toga N. Y. May 4, a few placed in promising locations, and others’ given to the street, water and gas commissioners of that village. It is naturally somewhat difficult for one unfamiliar with this insect to be certain that young mantids hatched from the- eggs, and in the majority of instances negative results have been reported. Still it is well to have these localities on record because some of the insects may have escaped unobserved. Mr G. S. Graves of Newport states that during the summer a Mr Morey found one dead adult in a whey vat and a living specimen. in the house. They were identified by comparing with an illus- tration in a dictionary. Mr O. Q. Flint, Athens, reports that some of the egg masses looked as if they had hatched. W. Hitchcock, Pittstown, states that he found one freshly laid egg mass. R. L. Darrison, Lockport, succeeded in obtaining between
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 15T July 2 and 5, 100 young mantids from an egg mass kept indoors. The young were set at liberty in the vicinity. None of the egg masses put out of doors developed any insects, Mr Darrison states. Messrs Allen, Ambler, Beckwith, Huested, Morrell, Roach, Schoonmaker, Stuart, Taber and Williams reported negative results. J. T. Gaylord of Poughkeepsie was unable to find any young mantids or to discover recently ‘deposited egg clusters; but E. H. Austin of Gaylordsville Ct., to whom he sent a few eggs, discovered several living mantids about an inch or so in length. H. D. Lewis of Annandale found several fresh ege clusters, some of them over 100 rods from where the eggs were planted last spring. This insect should have become established in Albany or its vicinity, but up to the time when this report is submitted, nothing very encouraging has been discovered. Apparently, quite a proportion of the egg clusters failed to hatch, though a number of the young were obtained in the office.
Croton bug, —Phyllodromia germanica, Linn. An excellent remedy for this household pest was reported on last May by Mrs H. D. Crane, Montclair N. J., who found powdered borax to be the best of a number of substances tried. She states that it must be used freely all around the cracks and corners and so placed that the bugs can not get to water with- out going over it. Her neighbors also had excellent success with this substance. This insect is such a serious pest in some houses that records like the above should be given wide circu- lation for the encouragement of others. As noted in earlier publications, Hooper’s fatal food has also been used very suc- cessfully. There are probably other equally good proprietary remedies, but nonpoisonous ones should receive preference about houses.
Unusual abundance of southern forms
A study of climatic conditions is not without value, since it gives a basis for forecasting the probability of insects being able to live in various sections of the country. This is of con- siderable importance in the case of injurious and beneficial
7158 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
species, because we are thereby able to ascertain to some extent the limiting agencies controlling them, and the more that is known along these lines concerning various forms, the more accurate will be our judgment as to their possible range. The present year has been marked by the presence in abundance of several interesting species, three of which are mentioned below. The reason for their occurrence in great numbers is probably found in unusually favoring weather conditions, particularly in the more than normal warmth. <A study of the monthly mean temperatures during the growing season in the Hudson river valley for this and the preceding four years bears out this con- clusion somewhat. The following tables, compiled from the records of the New York state weather bureau and from those of the New York section of the national weather bureau, show this fairly well.
Monthiy mean temperature of the Hudson valley region
May June July August September ASO cane costerain ens 6 59 64.8 73.6. GS.6 G1 USO Swacit cata avenue hs 57.3 GS.8 Tale ( ales 65.9 POO ae se rar atate piace 59.7 10.3 {Pasa 70.8 G1 NO eee reveye tens Vactenens 58.1 69.2 74.1 (3.0 66.1 TO OME nece oss tsleeerets 57.6 69.1 74.7 71.4 63.2
June in 1899, 1900 and 1901 was markedly warmer than in 1897 and 1898 and July in both 1960 and 1901 was warmer than the same month in 1897, 1898 and 1899, and this higher temper- ature is more marked in August 1900, which is just about the time of year when many insects would respond most readily to the influence of heat, specially those in the caterpillar stage, and the more than normal warmth would tend to produce greater vigor than usual in this latitude and a consequent increase in numbers the present year. The increased warmth of the last two years is still better shown in the table of monthly means of Albany, compiled from the same sources as the pre- ceding table.
Monthly mean temperature of Albany
May June July August September SO fie grove goke ore an oe 59 G5 i) 70 63 SG 2 0 Mics dha) ABs 58.2 69.8 (i) Te 60.6 SOO Mata chess aces GO al Weare (503) 61.4 WOOO at yards be ocho 57.9 TOLD 74.6 74.7 67.7 MDD Rote ecko es pets Ss 59a 70.2 75.8 72.8 65
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 T59
It will be seen that June of 1899-1901 was distinctly warmer than in the two preceding years, and, while no other months. show as marked difference in mean temperatures, even this: means a considerable increase in warmth for the sea- son when accompanied by no corresponding decrease in other months. It is also worthy of notice in this connection that July 1901 was exceptionally warm, as compared with preceding years.
Cicada killer, Sphecius speciosus Drury. This hand- some, black, yellow marked wasp has been relatively quite abundant about Albany the last summer. A few specimens were taken in the city and at Karner, 7 miles west, it was abundant about scrub oaks, where it appeared to be feeding on the sap
Fig. 28 Cicada killer (original)
exuding from some of the buds. This insect has previously not been recorded so far north, not being known to occur in the Hudson river valley above the vicinity of Poughkeepsie. Its presence and abundance are probably due largely to the more than normal warmth of the last year or two.
Giant swallowtail or orange dog, Heraclides cres- phontes Cram. The larvae of this giant butterfly were unusually abundant last summer. They were sent to the office from Athens, Greene co., Selkirk and Albany, Albany co., Schoharie, Schoharie co., Albion, Orleans co., and Batavia, Gene- see co. The report from Batavia states that this insect is some- thing entirely new to that locality. The caterpillars must have been quite abundant at Schoharie, as about 200 were taken from
760 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
common “rue” and from fraxinella, and a shrub full of “ thou- sands” of smaller ones was also reported. This caterpillar may attain a length of 23 inches. It is curiously mottled with shades of brown and with two large silvery white patches, one near the middle of the caterpillar, and the other at its posterior extremity, giving it a peculiar, blotched appearance, and making it resemble somewhat the droppings of a bird. It is well repre- sented, with its reddish, fetid osmeterium extended, as is the case when it is annoyed or alarmed, in the accompanying figure.
The above records are in marked contrast to those of pre-
Fig. 29 Orange dog or caterpillar of Heraclides cresphontes
vious years, the presence of this species in the state having been reported directly to the office but twice before, according to published records, once last year, when our attention was called to its occurrence on fraxinella at Altamont, and again in 1892, when it was sent to the late Dr J. A. Lintner from Glen Cove L. I., with the statement that the caterpillars were numer- ous on Choisya ternata. Dr Lintner, commenting on this insect in his report for that year,’ makes the following statement:
Papilo cresphontes is a southern species ranging
from the northern part of South America northward. It has gradually extended its range until now it occurs as far north as
*N. Y. state ent.. Oth rep’t. 1892. p. 387.
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 T61L
Montreal in Canada. The first record of its appearance in the state of New York was in 1864. Within late years, from being an occasional visitor, it seems to have established itself in West- chester county, and at Poughkeepsie. In other localities in the state it is occasionally abundant, as in Rochester, where, accord- ing to Mr Bunker, it ‘‘ swarmed ” one season, several years ago. Prof. L. M. Underwood has written me that on Sep. 12, 1882, he saw several examples flying over the low swales near the Rhinebeck and Connecticut railroad in Columbia county. It has not been observed in the neighborhood of Albany. A single example was taken at New Baltimore, 17 miles south of Albany, in the month of September.
Rose scale insect (Aulacaspis rosae Sandb.) This de- structive southern species was found June 3 in abundance on blackberry bushes at Hudson N. Y. The young were appearing in considerable numbers at this time. It was breeding in large numbers on cuttings from a crimson rambler rose brought from Cobleskill N. Y. Oct. 18. Adult female scales were abundant and several parasites, Arrhenophagus chionaspidis Aur. were observed crawling on the twigs. This scale insect was also sent in on raspberry plants from Cornwall N. Y. This is a species which is brought to attention at infrequent inter- vals in this state. One reason for this may be found in its general resemblance to the exceedingly common Chionaspis furfura Fitch, and it is not at all unlikely that many after a glance have concluded that the scale on the raspberry or blackberry was the scurfy bark louse and therefore not pushed the inquiry further. The species is represented on pl. 4, fig. 3, 4.
EXPERIMENTAL WORK AGAINST THE SAN JOSE SCALE INSECT
The tests of various insecticides begun last year were con- tinued in the same orchard during the present season, and in the main the results in 1900 were confirmed, and our confidence in a mechanical crude petroleum emulsion much increased. The chief aim of experimental work along this line is to make com- parative tests of various insecticides, and naturally some of the substances used are not so effective as one might desire; yet, in spite of that drawback, the experimental orchard is in much
(62 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
better condition than it was two years ago. It is only necessary to compare pl. 5, 6 to obtain a relative idea of the value of spraying for San José scale. The experimental orchard was the first in that vicinity to become infested with the San José scale; and two years ago it was composed of a very bad-looking lot of young trees. Today the conditions are reversed, so far as these two orchards are concerned, and the later infested, near by orchard is in much worse shape than the other. It is true, that the former is composed of appletrees set a consider- able distance apart, and that naturally makes the orchard look thin compared with the more closely set peachtrees and pear- trees, but a close examination shows that the true relative con- dition of the trees is very fairly expressed in the two plates.
The poor results obtained from early spring applications of kerosene and mechanical emulsions of the same in 1900, led to the concentrating of the work on the more promising insecti- cides, namely, crude petroleum and whale oil soap in various combinations. Two crude petroleums were used, care being - taken to make field tests of the oil just before spraying, conse- quently there can be no doubt regarding its weight as deter- mined by the hydrometer. One of the crude petroleums used was obtained from a local oil dealer handling the products of the Standard oil co. This is a quite fluid, greenish oil, and it gave a field reading of 41.8° Beaumé. It was presumably about the same as that used last year, as it appeared no different and was obtained from the same source. The other crude petroleum was received directly from the Frank oil co., Titusville Pa. This was of a light amber color, and it was said to test from 44° to 45° on the Beaumé oil scale. In the field it gave a read- ing of 43.3° Beaumé. Both of these tests were made at a tem- perature of about 65° F. These two crude petroleums, for the sake of brevity, have been characterized in our records as Standard oil and Titusville oil respectively, and these names will be used in the following pages. Comparative tests of mechanical emulsions of both these oils were made, and the results are given below. The spraying was done April 11, which was bright, with at times a rather strong wind.
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 763:
Substances experimented with. Crude petroleum was tested on a large number of trees, both the Standard and the Titusville oils being used in 20¢ and 25¢ mechanical emulsions, and the latter was also used undiluted on a few trees. Good’s whale oil soap no. 3 in a solution of 1 pound to 4 gallons of water was used with 10% and 15% Standard oil, the kerowater sprayer being employed, as last year, in making a mechanical combina- tion between the soap solution and the oil. Good’s whale oil soap was also used by itself at the rate of 2 and of 14 pounds to the gallon.
Time and methods. The apparatus, the hand kerowater spray- ing outfit, was the same as employed last year. The experi- ments were all in the same orchard, for a diagram of which the reader is referred to pl. 3 of the preceding report. It was undesirable to treat all the trees with the substances used on them in 1900; and it will be seen by consulting the diagram, that the different insecticides have been applied to transverse sections of the orchard. This did not always permit of applying the same preparation to several varieties of pears and peaches, but, on the other hand, it was much easier to keep track of different tests. The numbers bestowed on the trees in 1900 have been retained, and it is thus very easy to ascertain the previous history of any tree by consulting the preceding report.
Supplementary notes. There are several observations which, though not strictly a part of the experimental work proper, may as well be recorded in connection with it, since they were noted in the progress of the work. The young of the San José scale were abundant on trees in the experimental orchard July 3, 1901, and, as there were a number of young in the black stage, they must have begun to appear about a week before. Sep. 25, young were crawling in considerable numbers on relatively few trees, and the same condition was observed Oct. 15. Thus this period agrees with those observed in preceding years, and the breeding season may be said to extend from the latter part of June through October.
764 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
There is a brief mention of the occurrence of the little black ladybug, Pentilia misella Lec., in my previous report, but this year it was observed in much larger numbers on infested trees in the experimental orchard and also in an infested orchard near by. It was much more abundant in the latter, probably on account of the much larger number of scale insects, since practically nothing had been done to keep the pests in check. This beneficial form was not present in sufficient num- bers to attract notice till Sep. 25, and from then till the middle of October, at least, the beetles were quite numerous; 50 on a small badly infested tree would not be an excessive estimate. These ladybugs, however, do not seem to have made much im- pression as yet on the San José scale; and, though they were much more abundant in the adjacent orchard where no insecti- cides of any account had been applied, the scale had not been affected enough to warrant a hope that eventually this pest may be controlled by this little natural enemy. It certainly would not be wise at present to defer treatment with insecti- cides on account of the presence of this tiny ladybug.
The fruit tree bark beetle, Scolytus rugulosus Ratz., also occurs in the experimental orchard, attacking a number of trees last year but injuring only one very seriously. This was broken down by wind or other agency, and the beetles entered the prostrate limbs in large numbers. This year a light oxheart cherry (tree 4) was attacked by this beetle and injured consid- erably. It was in excellent condition last year, but toward the end of the season became rather badly infested with San José scale. July 3 it was found to be infested with Scolytus. There was a copious exudation of sap or gum and a number of edematous swellings were observed here and there. The tree was quite badly affected Aug. 9. Several other trees were at- tacked to a less extent by’ this borer.
Appearance of oil on trees. This general note applies to all trees treated with crude petroleum or mechanical emulsions of the same. May 22, the oil shows very plainly, and all of the
*N. Y. state ent. 16th rep’t. 1901. p. 970.
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 765
trees appear to have been in a very good condition, except where dead twigs are recorded in the following notes, and this is more likely due to injury by the San José scale or winterkilling from some other cause, than from the application of insecticides, either this or the previous year; since it is about as common on trees treated with whale oil soap as on those sprayed with crude petroleum.
Standard oil, 204 mechanical emulsion. 11 trees were treated with this combination. They are as follows: tree 115 a Bartlett and trees 24, 110 and 111, Kieffer pear; tree 25, a beurre bosc; trees 70 and 71, respeetively Clapp’s favorite and beurre d’Anjou pears; trees 43, 44, 88 and 89, old Mixon peach. The condition of these trees was as follows toward the close of the growing sea- son, Sep. 7,1900. There were very few or no young scale insects on trees 24 and 115; no living young were found at that time on tree 111, very few on tree 110, but few on trees 25, 43 and 44; living young were very abundant on trees 70, 71 and 88, specially on tree 71, and they were extremely abundant on tree 89.
The first observations, made after the spraying of Ap. 11, were on May 22, when only those trees presenting something out of the ordinary received special attention. Tree 71 had then only one vigorous shoot, and tree 88 had been cut down to a five foot stump, from which a few buds were breaking forth.
July 8, a date which was late enough to permit a fair judgment of the numbers of living scale insects, through the abundance of the young, the conditions were as follows. There were few or no young on trees 24, 25, 43, 88, 110, 111 and 115; young were rather few on tree 44 and few on trees 70, 71 and 89. The fol- lowing additional notes were made at this time regarding the condition of certain of the trees. The new shoots on tree 25 were vigorous, and the cluster of shoots on tree 88 were short and vigorous. The bark of tree 70 was very rough.
Aug. 9 very few or no young scale insects were to be found on any of these trees. The shoots on tree 88 were growing very fast.
766 NEW YORK STATH MUSEUM
Sep. 25, there were very few or no young scale insects on trees 24, 25, 71, 88, 89, 110 and 111; and young were relatively few on trees 70 and 115.
The above record, it will be observed, shows that with only one application in a year, the San José scale was kept in control in a yery satisfactory manner, with the exception, perhaps, of trees 70 and 115. The former was very badly infested in the spring of 1900, and, while the treatment with whale oil soap con- trolled the pest to a great extent, living young were very abun- dant on it in September 1900. Its bark was very rough, and this with the old scales would serve as a considerable protection to the young, and it is not surprising that some survived the spray- ing of 1901. It is by far the worst tree in this lot. Tree 115 is exceptional in that it was located on the edge of an old orchard, where it could become infested from neighboring trees.
Standard oil, 25¢4 mechanical emulsion. T trees were treated with this mixture. They are as follows: tree 21, a Howell, and tree 106, a Vermont beauty pear; trees 38, 88 and 84, globe peach; tree 40, a Crawford and tree 85, an old Mixon peach. The con- dition of these trees toward the close of the growing season, Sep. 7, 1900, was as follows. Young scale insects were very few on trees 83 and 84, few on trees 85 and 106, abundant on tree 21, very abundant on tree 38, and exceedingly so on tree 40. Trees 39, 66, 67 and 107 also belonged in the area treated with this mixture, but all of them were cut back to mere stumps in 1900, and they were removed in the spring of 1901.
May 22 the following notes were made on trees presenting an appearance out of the ordinary. There were only a few small limbs alive on tree 40, and a number of small limbs had been winterkilled on tree 88. Tree 106 was thickly set with fruit.
July 8, the following conditions were apparent. There were very few or no young scale insects on trees 38, 40, 83, 84 and 106; they were few on tree 21, and rather abundant on tree 85. It was noted that the bark was quite rough on trees 21 and 66, which undoubtedly explains why young scale insects were pres- ent on these trees, as it is practically impossible to kill all the
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 767
individuals with a spray when the bark offers numerous shelter- ing crevices.
Aug. 9 there were few or no young scale insects on trees 38, 40, 83, 85 and 196, few on trees 21 and 84, and rather few on tree 66. -
Sep. 25, the following conditions prevailed. There were very few or no living scale insects on trees 88 and 106, very few on trees 84 and 85, few on trees 88 and 40. Young scale insects were rather abundant on some twigs of tree 21, but its general condition was very good considering its previous history.
This record is apparently not so satisfactory as in the case of the smaller per cent of oil. Allowance should be made in the ease of trees 21, 388 and 40. The first was in exceedingly bad shape in the spring of 1900, and, while spraying with undiluted kerosene killed many of the scales, so many were left that the tree was abundantly infested the following September. The scraggy, rough condition of the tree, in my opinion, amply ac- counts for the failure to kill all the scale insects last spring. Trees 38 and 40 were sprayed with 202% kerosene in 1900, and the abundant scales on them in the spring of 1901, together with the very rough bark of tree 38, would afford ample shelters for the escape of a few. The very few living scales found on trees 84 and 8&5 in September 1901 could easily have been brought from adjacent trees, though one or two individuals may have escaped the spray.
Titusville oil, 20% mechanical emulsion. There were 14 trees treated with this mixture. They are as follows: trees 26 and 27, Kieffer; trees 28 and 114, seckel; tree 72, Flemish beauty; tree 73, Howell; tree 74, beurre bosc; trees 112 and 113, beurre d’Anjou pears; trees 45, 47, 90 and 91, old Mixon peach; and tree 46 a champion quince. Their condition near the end of the growing season, Sep. 7, 1900,was as follows. There were few or no young scale insects on trees 26, 27, 112, 113, few on trees 45, 46, 74 and 114; they were rather abundant on trees 47 and 73, abundant on tree 28, and very abundant on trees 90 and 91.
The first examination after spraying occurred May 22, and only those trees presenting something out of the ordinary were
768 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
noted. Many small limbs were dead, probably winterkilled, on trees 47, 90 and 114. A large dead limb had been cut off of tree 45, the tops of trees 47 and 90 were thin, and all that remained of tree 72 was a stub with vigorous suckers.
July 3, the following conditions were noted. There were very few or no young scale insects on trees 26, 27, 46, 47, 72, 90 and 113; very few young were found on trees 74, 112 and 114; few young were found on tree 28; young were rather abundant on tree 45, and abundant on tree 73. At this time the sprouts on tree 72 were growing slowly. \
Aug. 9, the conditions were as follows. There were very few or no young on trees 26, 27, 45, 46, 47, 74, 90, 91, 112, 113 and 114; young were rather abundant on tree 28, and abundant on tree 73. ‘Tree 72 was represented only by a stub at this time.
Sep. 25, the following conditions prevailed. There were few or no living scale insects on trees 26, 27, 46, 47, 91 and 113; there were very few on tree 28; few on trees 45, 72 and 90; relatively few on trees 74, 112 and 114; and they were very - abundant on tree 73.
The condition of this lot of trees Sep. 25 was fairly satisfac- tory if we except tree 73, and the occurrence of abundant young on this can be explained only by the probability of a number of insects being so sheltered by the very rough bark that the spring application of petroleum did not reach them. The pres- ence of a few scale insects at the end of the season on trees 45, 72 and 90 is not surprising, considering that they could have easily become infested from other trees, even if all the living scale insects on them at the time of the treatment had been killed by the petroleum. The occurrence of more living scales on trees 74, 112 and 114, all of them located on the ex- treme edges of the orchard and in positions where they would be most likely to have the pest carried to them by birds ané@ other insects, gives additional weight to the epinior that the results produced by the various insecticides have been modified during the growing season by the conveying of crawling young scale insects to the trees by various natural agents. A very
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 769
good proportion of the trees in this lot are practically free from San José scale.
Titusville oil, 25% mechanical emulsion. There were 10 trees treated with this mixture. They are as follows: trees 22, 23 and 69, Howell; tree 68, a Vermont beauty; tree 108, a Bartlett; tree 109, a beurre bose pear; trees 41 and 86, Crawford; and trees 42 and 87, old Mixon peach. Their condition near the end of the growing season, Sep. 7, 1900, was as follows. There were very few or no young scale insects on tree 86; few on trees 42 and 109; they were rather abundant on trees 41 and 87; abundant on trees 22, 23, 69 and 108, and exceedingly abundant on tree 68.
May 22, there were only a few upper limbs living on trees 86 and 87.
July 3, there were very few or no young scale insects on trees 41, 42, 86, 87 and 109; there were few on trees 22 and 69; they were rather abundant on tree 23, and abundant on trees 68 and 108.
Aug. 9, there were very few or no young on trees 41, 42, 87 and 109; and they were rather abundant on trees 23, 68, 69 and 108. Tree 86 was dead.
Sep. 25, there were very few or no young on trees 69, 87 and 109, few on trees 41 and 42, rather few on trees 23 and 108; and they were rather abundant on trees 22 and 68. Tree 87 was then a mere stump.
A study of the above record in connection with the diagram of the orchard shows that, of the six trees on which living San José scales were found Sep. 25, three were on the extreme edges of the orchard and therefore very liable to ‘become reinfested during the season. In addition, it should be noted that two of these three trees, nos. 22 and 23, were very badlv infested in tle spring of 1900, and in the fall of that year living scale insects were abundant on them. The bark on these trees was also very rough. Of the ~’'er three, there were only a few living scales on trees 41 and 42, and the vemaining interior tree, no. 68, which has a very rough bark, was very badly
T10 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
infested in the spring of 1900 and abundantly so the following autumn. This is certainly not a very bad showing for this oil.
Crude petroleum, undiluted Titusville oil. The disastrous results obtained with this substance last year acted as a check to more extensive experiments this season. It was decided to test ina small way some of the crude petroleum received from Titusville Pa., because, according te certain published accounts, it would not harm the trees. <A description of its physical properties is given on p. 762. Three trees were sprayed with this substance. Tree 20, a Bartlett pear, was very badly infested with the scale in 1900, and it was selected among others, for treat- ment that spring with undiluted kerosene. It was in a very bad state to begin with, and last October even the suckers from this tree appeared to be in an unhealthy condition. It was sprayed Ap. 11, 1901, with this crude petroleum. It developed no leaves the present season, and it was probably nearly dead before the petroleum was applied. Tree 116 was a Lombard plum which was very badly infested with the San José scale, but, as the infestation was comparatively recent, and as the tree had received no previous application of an insecticide, it was a very good subject to experiment on. The oil was sprayed on the tree rather liberally Ap. 11, and July 3 it was seen that several limbs were seriously injured and dying, and that some of the others gave indications of feebleness. Aug. 9, this tree was dead, the result, undoubtedly, of the application of the oil. Less oil would probably have been less injurious, but the fact remains that this so called safe oil is not necessarily so. The third tree was Crawford peach, which was very badly infested with San José scale, and, like the preceding, it had not been treated with any insecticide. The scales were so abundant as literally to cover most of the trunk and the larger limbs, and in some places they appeared to be two or three deep. This tree devel- oped no leaves, and it was probably very seriously injured by the scale infestation. Its death can hardly be attributed to the application of the oil.
Good’s whale oil soap no. 3 and 10% petroleum. The Standard oil was used in these experiments. There were 12 trees treated
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 tak
with this compound. They are as follows: trees 18 and 63 are an early unnamed pear; trees 19, 64, 65, 104 and 105 are Bart- jetts; tree 103 is an Idaho pear; trees 36, 37, 81 and 82 are globe peach. The condition of these trees near the end of the grow- ing season, Sep. 7, 1900, was as follows: there were very few or no young scale insects on trees 18, 19, 82 and 104, very few on trees 63, 81 and 105, few on tree 103; they were abundant on tree 36, and very abundant on trees 37, 64 and 65.
May 22 it was seen that many of the tips of the smaller limbs on tree 37 had been winterkilled, and that tree 82 had suffered in this way to some extent.
July 3, there were very few or no young scale insects on trees 36, 81, 82, 103, 104 and 105, few on trees 18, 19, 37, 63 and 65; and they were rather abundant on tree 64, which has a rough bark.
Aug. 9, there were few or no young on trees 18, 56, 57, 63, 81, 82, 103 and 104, few on trees 19, 64 and 105, and they were rather few on tree 65.
Sep. 25, there were very few or no living scale insects on trees 63, 64, 65, 81, 104 and 105, very few on trees 18, 19 and 103, and but few on trees 36, 37 and 82.
The record for this substance is very good. Three of tie trees having very few living scale insects on them at the end of the season were on the edges of the experimental orchard, where they could easily have become reinfested. Living scale insects were abundant and very abundant, respectively, on trees 36 and 37, while tree 82 was very badly infested in the spring of 1900, and, though very few were found on it at the end of that season, some might easily have escaped the second treatment under the shelter of old scales.
Good’s whale oil soap no. 3 and 154 petroleum. The Standard oil was used in these experiments. This combination was tested on 13 trees. They are as follows. Trees 15, 16, 60, 61 and 101 are seckel; trees 17 and 62, an early unnamed variety, and tree 102,.a beurre bose pear. Trees 34,35, 79 and 80 are globe peach
trees; tree 34a, a natural sprout. Their condition near the end
C62 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
of the growing season, Sep. 7, 1900, was as follows. There were very few or no young insects on trees 60, 61, 79, 101 and 102, very few on tree 80, few on trees 16, 17 and 62; they were rather abundant on trees 34, 35, and numerous on tree 15.
May 22, very few limbs were winterkilled on trees 34, 55 and 80, and there were a number of dead limbs on tree 101.
July 6, there were very few or no young scale insects on trees 34, 34a, 62, 80, 101 and 102, very few on trees 17, 35, and 79, few on trees 16 and 60; they were rather abundant on tree 15, and abundant on tree 61. The bark of tree 61 was very rough, and the sprouts on tree 101 were rather thrifty.
Aug. 9, there were few or no young on trees 17, 34, 34a, 35, 60, 62, 79, 80, 101 and 102; they were rather abundant on trees 15, 16 and 61.
Sep. 25, there were few or no living scale insects on trees 34,. 62 and 101, very few on trees 15, 16, 17 and 102, few on trees. 34a, 35, 60, 79 and 80; they were rather abundant on tree 61.
The general condition of this lot of trees Sep. 25, 1901, is very . fair. Living insects were found on three quarters of the total number, but net in considerable numbers, except in the case of tree 61, which was very badly infested in the spring of 1900, and its rough bark undoubtedly accounts to a large extent for the poor success in controlling the pest in this instance. The very few on trees 15, 16, 17 and 102 might easily have been carried to them by natural agents, since they are on the edge of the orchard near adjacent, untreated trees. In the case of the remaining infested trees, nos. 35, 60, 79 and 80, while they may have been reinfested, it is very probable that in each instance a few insects escaped the spray.
Good’s whale oil soap, no. 3, 14 pounds to the gallon. This strength was used on 24 trees. They are as follows. Tree 3 isa light oxheart, tree 4, a wild cherry, and tree 4a, a plum 5 feet high. Tree 6 is a Crataegus. Tree 75 is a Crawford, and tree 29 isa globe peach. “Trees 7; 9,51, 52, a8 and 92 are botan=> tree 8 is a Lombard; tree 49, an abundance, and tree 95, a golden drop plum. Tree 54 is a nectarine. Trees 10 and 55 are beurre
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 Tiles:
bose; trees 11, 56 and 57 are seckel; tree 50, an Idaho, and tree- 96 a beurre d’Anjou pear. Tree 48 is a crab apple. The con- dition of these trees near the close of the growing season, Sep. 7,. 1900, was as follows. There were very few or no living scale- insects on trees 5, 6, 29, 48, 49, 55 and 56, very few on trees 75. and 97, few on trees 7, 30 and 96; they were very abundant on trees 3 and 50 to 53, and extremely abundant on trees 8 to 11.
May 22, tree 5 was just beginning to bloom, though it had been. partly uprooted by the wind. Trees 9 and 10 had set consider- able fruit. Trees 52 and 53 were winterkilled to some extent,. and the same was true of tree 92. Trees 93 and 94 had died from the applications of the previous year, and had been removed.
July 6, there were very few or no young scale insects on trees 4a, 7, Ta, 11, 29, 30, 48, 55, 75, 96 and 97, few on trees 51 and 563. they were rather abundant on trees 4, 9, 10, 52, 53, 92 and 95, and very abundant on trees 8 and 50. There was considerable dead wood on trees 52, 53 and 92, and the bark was rather rough, affording admirable shelters for scale insects. Tree 8 was very badly infested in the spring, and the bark was quite rough. The same was practically true of tree 10. Tree 4 had been attacked by Scolytus rugulosus Ratz., and the sap was exuding copiously.
Aug. 9, there were very few or no living young scale insects on trees 6, 7, 29, 30, 48, 55, 56, 96 and 97, few on trees 4, 4a, Ta and 9,. trees 8, 49, 51, 52, 53 and 92, abundant on tree 95, and very abun- dant on tree 50. Tree 5 had been removed, it probably dying as. a result of being partly uprooted.
Sep. 25, there were few or no living scales on trees 6, 55, 56, 96 and 97, few on trees 10, 29, 30, 48, 54,55 and 75, rather few on trees 4a, 49 and 51; they were rather abundant on trees 4, 7, 7a, 9, 11, 52 and 95, and very abundant on trees 8 and 50. Tree 75 was bioken down to the trunk by a heavy crop of fruit, but the semiprostrate limbs showed no evidence of having been attacked by Scolytus rugulosus Ratz. There was a large amount of dead wood on tree 92, and many vigorous shoots. Scolytus . was working in the dead wood and also attacking the living to- some extent.
“FTE! NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
The record is about on a par with that of the stronger solution of whale oil soap. The scale has been held in check in most instances, but there is no approach to exterminative work, such as is effected by the mechanical emulsions of crude petroleum. There are comparatively few extenuating circum- stances, since only five trees in this large lot were abundantly infested with the scale in the fall of 1900, and, as this condition was due to recent development, the bark of these trees was hardly rough enough to insure much protection to the scales.
Good’s whale oil soap no. 3, 2 pounds to the gallon. This solution was tried on 15 trees. They are as follows. Trees 12-14, 57-59 and 98-100 are seckel pear; trees 31-83 and 76-78 are globe peach. Their condition about the close of the growing season, Sep. 7, 1900, was as follows. There were very few or no young scale insects on trees 57 and 78, very few on trees 76, 77 and 98, few on trees 31. 99 and 100; they were rather abundant on trees 58 and 59, abundant on trees 32 and 33, and extremely abundant on trees 12-14.
May 22, tree 100 had set considerable fruit; trees 31, 32 and 77 were injured somewhat by winterkilling, the tips of many of the smaller limbs being dead; tree 76 was also badly affected in this manner.
July 6, there were very few or no young scale insects on trees 31, 32, 57, 76, 77, 78, 98 and 100, few on trees 33, 59 and 99, and rather few on tree 58; they were rather abundant on tree 14, abundant on tree 12, and very abundant on tree 13. The bark of both trees 58 and 59 is quite rough.
Aug. 9, there are very few or no young on trees 31,32, 33, 57, 76, 77, 78, 98 and 100, and few on tree 59; they were rather abun- ‘dant. on trees 13, 14, 58 and 99, and abundant on tree 12.
Sep. 25, there were few or no living scale insects on trees 57, ‘98 and 100, few on trees 76 and 78; they were rather abundant on trees 31, 32, 33, 58, 59 and 99, abundant on trees 13, 14 and 77, and very abundant on tree 12.
The record given above is not very bright, particularly when ‘we remember that in this lot there were no very badly infested
e
=I =| Ol
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901
trees till the autumn of 1900, when trees 12, 15 and 14 were very badly infested; and, on account of this close proximity to trees in a similar condition on which the scale bred unchecked during the entire season of 1900, it is very probable that they became reinfested during the growing season, and therefore their con- dition Sep. 25, 1901, should not be taken into account when judg- ing of the merits of whale oil soap; and the same would be true, but to a less extent, of trees 31-83. Even after throwing these trees out of consideration, the results are not equal to those obtained with mechanical petroleum emulsions, though the pest was well controlled. Summary of experiments
A study of the above records will show that the best results have been obtained with either a 20% or a 25% mechanical emul- sion of crude petroleum. Apparently somewhat better results were obtained by the use of the oil purchased from the Standard oil co., but this may be partly accidental. It is a trifle early to be positive regarding this point. It is certain, however, that either the Standard oil or the crude petroleum obtained from the Frank oil co., Titusville Pa., will give very satisfactory results. The whale oil soap and crude petroleum combinations were very effective, but were not so valuable as insecticides as mechanical petroleum emulsions. None of. these preparations injured the trees in the slightest degree.
The experiments with the whale oil soap solutions show that, while this substance is valuable as a check, it can hardly be relied on when applied in early spring to do anywhere near so thorough work as the crude petroleum emulsions. The reason for the greater efficiency of the crude petroleum is probably found in the greater penetrative action of the oil. The few tests with the undiluted crude petroleum confirm the experience of the previ- ous year and lead us to conclude that it is a very unsafe substance to apply to trees.
T76 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
VOLUNTARY ENTOMOLOGIC SERVICE OF NEW YORK STATE
The work of the last two years has been continued, and a large number of observations have been added to previous records. 39 voluntary observers were appointed during the season, and 35 of them have rendered more or less detailed reports. The ‘summaries of these reports, representing as they do, the ento- mologic conditions in 33 counties, are given below.
Very naturally, owing to the great destructiveness of the for- est tent-caterpillar, Clisiocampa disstria, and its close ally, the appletree tent-caterpillar, Clisiocampa ameri- cana, many of the reports dwell much on these two insects. The Hessian fly, Cecidomyia destructor, has also received considerable attention at the hands of the voluntary ‘observers.
Summaries of reports from voluntary observers
The scientific names or other matter inserted in brackets indi- eate determinations or information supplied by the entomolo- gist. The other names are presumably correct, except where questioned. The dates given after the records are those of the reception of the reports, and they are usually from one to three days later than the writing of the report.
Albany county (E. T. Schoonmaker, Cedar Hill)—Forest tent- eaterpillars [Clisiocampa disstria] are hatching out in large numbers, and the prospects are that they will be more numerous than last year. Ap. 30. They are eating in the center of the leaf buds and thus making their control exception- ally difficult, though the cold weather of the past week has caused them to remain comparatively inactive up to this date. May 5. Elm leaf beetles [Galerucella luteola] have appeared in limited numbers, though many still remain in build- ings. The forest tent-caterpillars are quite abundant on maples, and their ravages are now quite noticeable. Heavy rains have checked their ravages to some extent, but conditions are not favorable for their wholesale destruction. May 21. Striped cucumber beetles [Diabrotica vittata], squash bugs
REPORT OF THE STATP ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 (wir fAnasa tristis] and crickets are rather few. Young grasshoppers are numerous and are appearing on potatoes and other garden crops. Potato beetles [Doryphora 10-line- ata] are very numerous and destructive. Elm leaf beetle grubs are more numerous than last year and are growing very rapidly. Tent-caterpillars have spun their cocoons. The recent rains have caused the disappearance of plant lice on rosebushes and trees. July 9. Elm leaf beetles are now in the pupa stage, and their ravages are equal to those of last year. Striped blister beetles [E picauta vittata] are exceptionally numerous defoliating many potato patches. A thorough spraying with a strong solution of arsenate of lead has proved very satisfactory. Grasshoppers are more abundant than last year, and quail are devouring them in large quantities. Squash bugs are very numerous and destructive, and many melon patches have been tuined by their ravages. Cabbage butterflies (Pieris rapae] have appeared in small numbers. Spotted grapevine beetles are numerous, and they are doing much damage to grape leaves. Codling moth injury is as great as in former years. July 30.
Chemung county (M. H. Beckwith, Elmira)—[Lecanium cerasifex] is quite abundant on an appletree in my orchard. Mar. 26. Appletree tent-caterpillars [Clisiocampa amer- icana] appeared for the first time Ap. 29. They are much more abundant than last season. May 13. Currant worms {Pteronus ribesii] appeared on gooseberries on May 31, and the first potato beetle [Doryphora 10-lineatsaj was seen May 21. May beetles [Lachnosterna] are very abundant. May 23. Injury by Hessian fly [Cecidomyia destructor] is very evident in several fields of wheat which I examined today. Probably 10% of the stalks have fallen down en account of the work of the fly. June 29.
Dutchess county (W. F. Taber, Poughkeepsie)—A ppletree tent- eaterpillars [Clisiocampa americana] are very abund- ant in many orchards and will probably do much damage if they are not looked after. Heavy rains and cool weather have kept insects in check. May 21.
17
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NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
(H. D. Lewis, Annandale)—The egg masses of both the forest and appletree tent-caterpillars [Clisiocampa ameri- eana, ©. disstria] are very numerous, and the indications. are that these pests will be very destructive. Appletree bark lice [Mytilaspis pomorum] and scurfy bark lice [Chionaspis furfural] are very abundant in this sec- tion. Ap. 18. Tent-caterpillars appeared in large quantities from Ap. 25 to May 1, and the forest tent-caterpillars were very numerous about a week later. Both species will be fully as. abundant as last year, though the cool wet weather has held them somewhat in check. May 18. Forest tent-caterpillars are more abundant than ever before. Some orchard and shade trees are being completely defoliated by them. The common appletree tent-caterpillar, though numerous. does not appear to be so abundant as last year. The rains have been so frequent that it has been very difficult to keep insecticides on the trees, and consequently these pests are not controlled even by the most careful growers. May 24. There are large numbers of tent-— caterpillars of both species. Cutworms are very numerous, and there are some plant lice of different species. The continuous rains have made it very difficult to keep the immense numbers of forest tent-caterpillars under control. June 1. Potato beetles [Doryphora 10-lineata] are just appearing in considerable numbers. Tent-caterpillars are beginning to spin their cocoons, after having caused more injury than ever before. I have noticed robins picking open the cocoons and devouring their contents. Striped squash beetles [Diabrotica vit- tata] are quite abundant. Injury by the plum curculio [Conotrachelus nenuphar] is apparently much less than for many years. June 17. Fall webworms [Hyphan- tria cunea] are just making their appearance. Potato beetles are more abundant than they have been for years. June 29. Trees that were defoliated by tent-caterpillars have developed new foliage. Many of the cocoons of the forest tent- caterpillar appear dead and shriveled, but no moths have been seen in this vicinity. July 19. Red-humped appletree worms
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 T7T9
[Schizura conecinna] are present in small numbers and confined to two or three orchards. The eggs of the appletree tent-caterpillar occur in large numbers, but I fail to find any of the forest tent-caterpillar. Aug. 12. A small webworm, Cacoecia species, is doing a great deal of damage to maples. Aug. 20.
Erie county (M. F. Adams, Buffalo)—Mourning cloak butter- flies [Euvanessa antiopa] were flying Ap. 11, and red admirals [Vanessa atalanta] were flying the 18th. The egg masses of the white marked tussock moth [Notolophus leucostigma] are abundant in many localities, and their ravages will probably equal those of 1895. May 10. The young grubs of the willow snout beetle [Cryptorhynchus lap- athi] were found abundant in Carolina poplars just beneath the bark. The mines are irregular, winding and extend upward. Goes pulchra is destroying young hickory. May 21. May 19, Saperda fayi had pupated. May 20 the males of the Put- nam scale [Aspidiotus ancylus] were emerging. The euonymus scale [Chionaspis euonymi] is quite injurious in this section. May 25. Carpenter worms [Prionoxystus robiniae] were found in the larva and pupa stages in the ash, and to all appearances those which were to emerge this year had already pupated. May 29. June 5 I took adults of Podosesia syringae ovipositing in Fraxinus ex- celsior and onthe same date adults of Neoclytus ery- throcephalus were emerging from a dead tree of the same species. The appearances indicate that there will be an unusu- ally large number of the locust borers this season. June 7. Observation in the near vicinity of Buffalo shows that from 64 to 8¢ of the wheat has been destroyed by Hessian fly [Ce ci- domyia destructor]. June 11. Graphisurus fasciatus, Xyloterus colonus and Typocerus zebratus have been emerging from Quercus rubra, the first on the 18th and the latter two June 14. Saperda fayi also emerged on the latter date from various species of Crataegus. The willow snout beetle was ovipositing on cotton
780 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
woods June 16. Moths of the carpenter worm emerged from ash and poplar June 14. June 19. The cool weather of the spring has apparently kept the white marked tussock moth in check, as the caterpillars are now not over 4 of an inch in length, while last year on this date many of them were full grown and had commenced to spin their cocoons. June 28. July 4 white marked tussock moth caterpillars were spinning their cocoons in the down town districts. A few have been destroyed by a bacterial disease. July 5. June 28 the last locust borer moth emerged from the the wood. July 17 the female white marked tussock moths were depositing their eggs, and on the same date I obtained examples of the willow snout beetle from the balm of Gilead in the adult larval and pupal stages. The 15 spotted ladybug [Hippodamia 15-punctata] has been excep- tionally abundant this season and has proved itself a valuable ally in destroying plant lice. The white marked tussock moth has been quite injurious in many localities in the city, and in some places it was as destructive as in 1895 or in 1898. Para-_ sites appear to be rather scarce. The willow snout beetle is still causing a great deal of injury to poplars and willows in this vicinity. If have taken it from the following varieties: balsam poplar, balm of Gilead, Carolina poplar, Lombardy pop- lar, Babylonian willow, heart-leafed willow, Kilmarnock willow and from the trunk of the new American weeping willow. I have never taken it from the golden-barked willow, laurel-leaved willow, the silver poplar, the bollean poplar, though a great many of these varieties are growing in the vicinity of the in- fested trees. July 26.
(J. U. Metz, East Amherst)—The common asparagus beetle {Crioceris asparagi] has appeared for the first time this year. May 20. Hessian fly [Cecidomyia destruc- tor] is present in great abundance, and many fields of white wheat are not worth cutting. I have counted as many as 20 “flaxseeds” in a single stalk. There is apparently no differ- ence between early or late sown wheat. Red Russian and red Mediterranean seem to be exempt thus far from attack. A few
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 781
appletree tent-caterpillars [Clisiocampa americana] are seen on wild cherry. July 2. The work of the Hessian fly is becoming more apparent as harvest time approaches, and nearly every stem of wheat is infested. I have an idea that the wheat will yield better than some people surmise at present. I have just been examining my asparagus and have been unable to find any beetles or slugs. Plum curculios [Conotrache- lus nenuphar] seem to be worse than usual this year. White grubs or something of that nature must be working in my sheep pasture, as much of the grass is pulled up by the sheep. It seems to be cut off below the surface of the ground by some insect. July 16. Grasshoppers are now very numerous, and my crop of celery for home use has been destroyed by them. July 20.
Fulton county (Cyrus Crosby, Cranberry Creek)—Appletree tent-caterpillars [Clisiocampa americana] do not ap- pear to be very abundant, as I have seen but one nest on an appletree so far this year. Appletrees in this vicinity are nearly all badly infested with the appletree bark louse [Mytilaspis pomorum]. May8. The cold damp weather has checked the development of insects very much. The nests of the appletree tent-caterpillars are beginning to show up, but they are by no means as thick as they were in Yates county last year. May 17. I find little beetles [Typophorus canellus, a strawberry root worm] on elms. They were very common two weeks ago. June 6. There are a few appletree tent-caterpillars near May- field, but elsewhere I have seen none. Only one forest tent- caterpillar [Clisiocampa disstria] was found. Horn fles [Haematobia serrata] are very troublesome to cattle. June 22.
Genesee county (J. F. Rose, South Byron)—Appletree tent- caterpillars’ eggs [Clisiocampa americana] began hatching about Ap. 25, and they are now very numerous. One cold day I climbed into a tree for the purpose of crushing the caterpillars in a nest. It was an ideal day for them to be at home, but I found they were scattered for a distance of 2 feet
782 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
or more from the nests and were destroying the leaves at a ‘apid rate. May 10. Colorado potato beetles [Doryphora 10-lineata] are now seen in numbers in gardens, and, as potatoes are not up, the beetles are working on transplanted tomatoes. Early sown turnips and cabbages suffer severely from the cabbage maggot [Phorbia brassicae]. Canker worms are doing great damage in orchards where they were numerous last season. The roadside shrubbery is about de- foliated by appletree tent-caterpillars. The sugar maple borer [Plagionotus speciosus] is doing considerable dam- age in this vicinity. Its work in various trees shows first in dead limbs 40 to 60 feet from the ground, and this renders its control practically impossible. The red wheat, where that has. been sown, has suffered very little injury, perhaps 54% to 20¢. June 11. A large crop of what early promised to be good wheat will not be worth cutting on account of the Hessian fly [Cecidomyia destructor] injury. Some farmers are plowing up their injured wheat fields and sowing them with other crops, though many will not, as they are anxious to save the seed. Many full grown tent-caterpillars were crawling about the streets June 1 looking for places to spin up. Potato beetles, asparagus beetles [Crioceris asparagi] and striped cucumber beetles [Diabrotica vittat a]| are pres- ent in usual numbers. Currant worms [Pteronus ribesii] are scarce. June 6. I am unable to learn of any white wheat that is not badly injured by the Hessian fly. The red wheat has not been injured to any extent as yet. June beetles have been exceptionally scarce, and cutworms are more than usually abundant. The cabbage maggot has never been so injurious. {It took one fourth to one third of 200 early cabbages. Colorado potato beetles are exceptionally abundant on early potatoes. On vines 6 to 8 inches high, which were sprayed with bordeaux mixture and arsenoid, the beetles were pretty thick, and examination showed that they had been cutting off the leaves and eating into the stems of the plants. Beth
sweet and sour cherries have been nearly ruined bv the
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 782
cherry aphis [Myzus cerasi] and the new growth of plums and prunes is a solid mass of grayish green plant lice. Reports are coming in that some insect be how b aa fusciceps] is seriously injuring beans. June 25. Very little, if any, white wheat will be harvested in this section. 904 of all that is grown in this section is a white wheat known as no. 6. It has been exclusively grown for some years and is a fine yielder. The prospect early in the season was that there would be 20 to 35 bushels to the acre in all fields, as there was little winter injury. A field of white wheat near here, belong- ing to G. G. Chick, was not sown till the first week in October and looked well much later in May than that early sown, but today he informs me that there will be no wheat. July 2. An eight acre field of white beans, which had been sown on a field of ruined wheat, was found to be seriously infested with some insect. The beans at the time of the examination were 5 to 4 inches high, and there were long spaces in the rows where no plants could be seen at all, and in many other places there were only bare stems with no signs of leaves. [This injury was subsequently identified as probably the work of a small fly, Phorbia fusciceps]. The Hessian fly has also attacked rye, timothy and barley. A perfectly reliable farmer has told me that he has found as many as 50 of the fly maggots in a stalk of barley. One of our large farmers is now cutting his barley and curing it for hay, it is so badly affected. I saw yesterday in Leroy some wheat which is known as Golden chaff or Clausen’s Golden chaff. It is a white wheat which appears to be but little troubled by the fly, no more than the red wheat about here. July 9. The pale striped flea beetle [Systena taeniatal] is quite abundant in some bean fields. July 15. Fall webworms [Hyphantria cunea] appeared for the first time last week. The common squash bug [Anasa tristis] is the worst I have ever known it to be. July 27. Tonight a lot of bean plants that have been eaten off or nearly so, so that they fall over and wilt, were brought to me with the statement that the trouble occurred in a number of fields.
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No sign of insect injury was observed in the field. The beans. | are now about 6 inches in hight, and many of them have buds 3 or 4 inches long. [The trouble was referred to the work of a small fly Phorbia fusciceps]. Aug. 2. Greene county (O. Q. Flint, Athens)—It is the impression in the western part of the county that the forest tent-caterpillar [Clisiocampa disstria] will be much less abundant than in previous years. Ap. 25. Both the forest tent-cater- pillar and the appletree tent-caterpillar [Clisiocampa americana] have hatched, and are much more numerous. than heretofore in the eastern part of the county, though not so abundant in the western part as when they first appeared in destructive numbers. The forest tent-caterpillars have been exceptionally injurious in the eastern and east-central parts of the county, defoliating appletrees in particular. The same is: true in the western portion of Columbia county. The numbers of this pest are much decreased in the western part of Greene county and in Otsego county. The continuous wet weather ap- pears to have retardéd the development of the tent-caterpillars. June 5. The forest tent-caterpillars appear to have done the greatest injury, when present in a locality, in orchards, but they have been comparatively harmless in the forests. June 14. Herkimer county (George 8. Graves, Newport)—The appletree bark louse [Mytilaspis pomorum] was exceedingly abun- dant on Pennsylvania maples in this vicinity. Feb. 11. The first appletree tent-caterpillars [Clisiocampa ameri- c€ ana] were observed Ap. 26 in one place and in another May 4. No forest tent-caterpillars [Clisiocampa disstri a] have been observed as yet. May 10. The cigar case-bearer [Coleo- phora fletcherella] is present on appletrees in large numbers and is doing considerable damage to the buds and maples. The nests of the appletree tent-caterpillar are not as plentiful as last year in this locality. Five appletrees here have been practically ruined by the appletree bark louse. The cold weather appears to have delayed the hatching of tent-caterpillar eggs. May 16. A few clusters of the forest tent-caterpillar have
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 T85
been observed in this locality, but they are comparatively very rare. Currant worms [Pteronus ribesii] have appeared on currant bushes. The currant aphis [Myzus ribis] is not very abundant. May 21. Tent-caterpillars are comparatively scare thus far. A few forest tent-caterpillars were noticed in Poland 4 miles away. The appletree bark louse has also proved quite injurious to cultivated mountain ash and Crataegus in a yard. One orchard near a forest undergrowth is about equally infested with the appletree and forest tent-caterpillars. The cold seems to have kept the tent-caterpillars in check, but plant lice are very numerous and injurious. May 31. Colorado potato beetles [Doryphora 10-lineata] first appeared in con- siderable numbers May 26. Tent-caterpillars are relatively very - scarce. The prolonged rainy weather seems to have kept some insects in check severely, though currant worms are plentiful and quite injurious. June 6. Cabbage butterflies [Pieris rapae] were noticed June 13, and on the 18th rose beetles were quite abundant. The onion thrips [Thrips tabaci] is working on our lettuce. The first grubs of the Colorado potato beetle were seen June 13. Grasshoppers seem to be more plentiful than last year and currant worms are unusually abundant. Not a cocoon of either tent-caterpillar has been observed. June 19. Squash bugs were first observed on the vines June 16. Grasshoppers are very plentiful, but so far no particular injury has been done by them. Potato beetles are unusually numerous. Rose beetles [Macrodactylus subspinosus] are attacking the ap- pletrees and rapidly devouring the small apples. June 27. Rose beetles have now disappeared, and it does not seem as if they had caused much injury. Grasshoppers are reported very numerous in the valleys but not on the hills. The spinach flea beetle [Disonycha collaris] has been quite abundant in this vicinity. July 18 two specimens of the praying mantis [Mantis religiosa] were observed in this place, undoubt- edly coming from the eggs sent me last spring, though I have been unable to find any young from their egg clusters. July 13. Caterpillars of the white marked tussock moth [Notolophus
7&6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
leucostigma] were observed Aug. 2. Grasshoppers do not appear to have caused much damage locally, though they are very abundant. Tortoise beetle grubs [Coptocye la sp.]- are quite plentiful and destructive to morning-glories. The ycllow- necked appletree worms [Datana ministr a] are quite numerous on appletrees. Aug. 12. The common squash bug fAnasa tristis] is unusually abundant. The harlequin milkweed caterpillars [Cycnia egle] are quite abundant in this locality. Aug. 20. Fall webworms [H y p b a ner aka cuneal are yery plentiful on a great variety of trees. Aug, 27. American sawflies [Cimbex americana] were found in considerable numbers on a willow tree. Sep. 18.
Jefferson county (George Staplin jr, Mannsville)—A ppletree tent-caterpillars [Clisiocampa americana] were hatch- ing Ap. 30. Horn or Texas flies [Haematobia serrat a| were observed on cattle May 10. <A cluster of forest tent-cater- pillars [Clisiocampa disstria] were found on a maple tree May 22, and also a few with appletree tent-caterpillars on - appletrees. Potato and May beetles are not plentiful. Apple- tree tent-caterpillars are not as abundant as they were at the same date last year. Green plant lice are abundant on apple- trees. The cold, damp weather has undoubtedly kept many in- sects in check. May 22. There are very few green worms [X vylina species] on appletrees. Appletree tent-eaterpillars are not doing very much damage, and the forest tent-cater- pillars are very scarce. Plant lice are abundant on plumtrees, causing the leaves on the tips of the branches to curl very badly. The past week has been cold and rainy most of the time. June 13. Yellownecked [Datana ministra] and red-humped [Schizura concinna|] appletree caterpillars and fall web- worms [Hyphantria eunea] have appeared in small num- bers. Grasshoppers are very plentiful in southern Jefferson and northern Oswego counties. Plum curculios [Conotrachelus nenuphar] have done the most damage here. Other insects haye not been plentiful enough to cause much injury except the plant lice, and they are very abundant. It has been warm and
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 (87
dry for the last two or three weeks. Cabbage worms [Pieris
~rapae] are very abundant. Aug. 2. Fall webworms are very numerous on maples. Many dead grasshoppers are found in the fields. Sep. 3.
Livingston county (W. R. Houston, Geneseo)—Appletree tent- eaterpillars [Clisiocampa americana] made their ap- pearance Ap. 28 almost before the buds began to swell. They are just as numerous as last year. I understand that some farmers sprayed before the buds opened. The cold weather seems to keep them in check, and, though they wander over the trees, they do not seem to feed much. May 10. May 17 many nests of the appletree tent-caterpillar were seen in cherry and thorn trees beside the road, and there were also many unhatched eggs. May 24.
Montgomery county (S. H. French, Amsterdam)—The eggs of the European praying mantis [Mantis religiosa] were re- ceived in good condition and have been distributed as follows: one packet attached to a small rosebush in my back yard; one in the yard of a friend of mine who lives in the-suburbs of the city; and the remainder in the cemetery, where there is plenty of small vegetation. Ap.17. I have discovered no evidence of the presence in this section of the elm leaf beetle [Galerucella luteola] or of the forest tent-caterpilar [Clisiocampa disstrial], and I find very few nests of the appletree tent-cater- pillar [Clisiocampa americana]. The latter are not as numerous on cherry or apple trees as usual. May 15.
Niagara county (R. L. Darrison, Lockport)—A large proportion of the winter wheat is seriously damaged by the Hessian fly [Cecidomyia destructor], and where but a few weeks ago there was every promise of an abundant crop, many fields are ruined, and some farmers are now plowing their wheat under. The egg cases of the praying mantis [Mantis religiosa] were distributed among representative farmers, nurseryinen and market gardeners, but as yet none have been reported as hatched. June 13. So far only one of the egg cases of the pray-
ing mantis has developed satisfactorily. This was placed in a
788 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
box with perforations for air and left out of doors except im stormy weather. The insects began to appear on July 2 and between then and the 5th about 100 hatched. All of the egg clusters placed outside or out of doors have apparently failed to develop any insects. July 12.
Oneida county (Jeanette ©. Miller, Alder Creek)—Larch saw- flies [Lygaeonematus erichsonii] are quite destruc- tive to some trees in this vicinity. June 19. The argus beetle [Chelymorphaargus] has been very abundant on bind- weed in this vicinity, and the sugar maple borer [Plagiono- tus speciosus] is doing considerable damage to our shade trees. July 25. Caterpillars of the eight-spotted forester [Alypia octomaculata] are abundant on Virginia creeper. July 31.
Onondaga county (Mrs A. M. Armstrong-Jackson, Belle Isle)— House flies [Musca domestica] are appearing, wasps- [?Polistes pallipes] are becoming numerous, and the nests of the appletree tent-caterpillar [Clisiocampa americana] are beginning to appear. May 1. Canker worms [?Paleacrita vernata] made their first appear- ance here May 10, but they are not very abundant. Some apple- trees have from seven to 10 webs of the appletree tent-caterpil- lar on them, and, where no means have been taken to check. these pests, they are doing considerable damage. The bud moth larvae occur on apple, quince and plumtrees. Plant lice are present on currant bushes and also on the snowball tree. May16. Forest tent-caterpillars [Clisiocampa disstria] were about half grown May 18, but they are not very destructive. Appletree tent-caterpillars are also doing some mischief in orchards. May 18 a white frost occurred and ice formed on the water in a pan. It apparently did not affect any caterpillars, as none were found dead, though many of them remained in their webs all day. The pistol and cigar case-bearers [Cole- oOphora malivorella and C. fletcherella] are quite abundant on appletrees. Canker worms are not eating much and appear to grow very slowly. May 24. Potato beetles:
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 TSH
[Doryphora 10-lineata] are very numerous and destruc- tive. Grubs of the Pennsylvania soldier beetle [Chauliog- nathus pennsylvanicus] were observed feeding on little green lice. I also think that they feed on the bud moth caterpillars, as a number were found in the foliage recently occupied by them. The Hessian fly [Cecidomyia de- structor] is quite abundant in many fields. Two weeks of almost continuous rain have somewhat retarded the develop- ment of the insects. June 7. Late sowing does not appear to be a preventive for the Hessian fly in this section. One field sown Sep. 10 was attacked by the fly and stooled freely, but none of the plants died, while in later sown fields much of the wheat was killed by the fall brood of the fly; specially was this true in fields where commercial fertilizers were used, and where the farmer was careless and allowed his fertilizer box to become empty part way across the field. A strip of Mediterranean wheat sown beside the other was very little affected by the fly, while the remainder (Gold coin) is badly infested. Canker worms are doing considerable damage in this vicinity. Two elms near by were defoliated by them. Appletree and forest tent-caterpillars are crawling about, but they are not abundant. Some cherrytrees are badly infested with plant lice, and their leaves are turning brown and drying up. Potato beetles are quite plentiful. June14. The plumcurculio [Conotrache- lus nenuphar] has “stung” much fruit, and considerable of it is dropping, but for all that a full crop remains on the trees. The second brood of currant worms is doing consider- able damage. Caterpillars are spinning up and canker worms are going into the ground. Some wheat fields in this vicinity are badly infested by the Hessian fly, while others do not appear to have suffered much. June 22.
Ontario county (J. Jay Barden, Stanley)—Appletree tenr-cater- pillars [Clisiocampa americana] appeared Ap. 25; forest tent-caterpillars [Clisiocampa disstria] Ap. 27; canker worms [? Paleacrita vernata] May 6; and the common asparagus beetle [Crioceris asparagi] May 7.
790 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Appletree tent-caterpillars are not abundant where they were persistently fought last year. Forest tent-caterpillars and can- ker worms are very abundant in orchards in the vicinity of Rush- ville N. Y. Pistol case-bearers [Coleophora malivor- ella] and bud moths [Tmetocera oce llana] are very abundant in this section. The cold weather through April has retarded the appearance of many species. The currant stem girdler [?Janus integer] has been more abundant than ever before, and it is doing much damage. The work of the larvae is showing very plainly at present on account of the lack of foliage on the infested stems. May 10.
Orange county (J. M. Dolph, Port Jervis)—Willow and cabbage butterflies [Euvanessa antiopa and Pieris rapae] were observed May 1, and on the 6th June beetles were seen for the first time. Many maples in this vicinity show effects of the work of the sugar maple borer [Plagionotus specio- sus]. May 9. Currant worms [Pteronus ribesaa were first observed May 14, and nests of the appletree tent-cater- pillar [Clisiocampa americana] May15. The apple- tree bark louse [Mytilaspis pomorum] is apparently jess abundant than it was last year. Reports of the prevalence of appletree tent-caterpillars in orchards have come in from various places in this section, though they do not appear to be unusually abundant in this immediate neighborhood. Cutworms are very abundant in gardens. May 27. Fall webworms [Hyphantria cunea] have appeared in great numbers in and about Port Jervis. They seem to have developed sud- denly, and they attack a great variety of trees. Aug. 30.
Orleans county (Virgil Bogue, Albion)—Caterpillars of the giant swallowtail [Heraclides cresphontes] were found on my orange tree. Plant lice are somewhat abundant on plum and cherry trees in this section. My crop of cherries was nearly all wormy, probably the work of the cherry fruit fly [Rhagoletis cingulata]. The wheat in this vicinity is in bad condition from attacks by the Hessian fly [Cecido- myia destructor]. Potato beetles [Doryphora 10-
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 T9L
lineata] are very thick and doing considerable damage. July 17.
Oswego county (C. D. Cook, Oswego Center)—Appletree tent- caterpillars [Clisiocampa americana], bud moths [Tmetocera ocellana] and cigar case-bearers [Coleo- phora fletcherella] appeared about the time the buds began to develop, the two former being abundant, the tent-cater- pillars being exceedingly so. No forest tent-caterpillars [Clisiocampa disstria] have been observed thus far. Plant lice [Aphis mali] are abundant on appletrees, and many cigar case-bearers can be found. May 20. Currant worms [Pteronus ribesii] and cutworms are numerous and causing considerable injury. Plant lice are very abundant on plum, pear and apple trees. Tent-caterpillars have not caused much injury to the trees. The cold, wet weather has retarded the development of insect life. June 5. Hessian fly [Ceci- domyia destructor] has caused considerable damage in this vicinity. June 19. The forest tent-caterpillar has been very destructive in Yates county, the woods about Penn Yan being brown and bare in places from their work. The appletree tent-caterpillar has also been quite injurious about Penn Yan. July 8.
Otsego county (L. I. Holdredge, Oneonta) butterflies [Euvanessa antiopa and Pieris rapae] have made an early appearance this season, and the currant
Willow and. cabbage
plant louse [Myzus ribis] is present in great numbers. May 6.
Queens county (C. L. Allen, Floral Park)—Cabbage butterflies [Pieris rapae] appeared in large numbers about May 10. The rains have destroyed nearly ali of them, however. Potato beetles [Doryphora 10-lineata] are less numerous than usual. June 21. The destructive pea aphis[Nectarophora pisi] appeared about June 18, and thus far it has done but lit- tle damage. At the present time there are few or none to be seen, the severe rains having apparently destroyed them. July 9. Fall webworms [Hyphantria cunea] appeared in im-
G92 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
mense numbers about the middle of August, and their webs were very conspicuous on a great many trees. They are doing immense damage in this vicinity. Aug. 29.
Rensselaer county (W. ©. Hitchcock, Pittstown)—A ppletree tent-caterpillars [Clisiocampa amer icana] are pres- ent in immense numbers. May 20. The cold, wet weather appears to have kept both the appletree and forest tent-cater- pillars [Clisiocampa disstria] in check, as they seem to have been very scarce. The elm leaf beetle [Gale- rucella luteola] is not proving very destructive this sea- son. July 2. Round-headed appletree borers [Saperda candida] are quite injurious in this section. The trees receive little attention, and are therefore soon ruined by the borers. Grasshoppers are unusually scarce. July 15.
Rockland county (S. B. Huested, Blauvelt)—Appletree tent- caterpillars [Clisiocampa americana] first appeared May 4. The season has been cold and backward. May 8. We have not seen the June beetle as commonly as last year. Last - month potato beetles [Doryphora 10-lineata] ‘were very troublesome. Aug. 5.
St Lawrence county (Mary B. Sherman, Ogdensburg)—Shad or May flies appeared as usual June 5 and were very abundant for three days. Forest tent-caterpillars [Clisiocampa diss- tria] are scarce, only four or five having been seen during the summer. Currant worms [Pteronus ribesii] ap- peared about a week ago. There are many complaints of injury by wireworms. June 22. Caterpillars of the white marked tussock moth [Notolophus leucostigma|] are abundant. July 8. Complaints of injury by currant worms are less frequent than usual. Plant lice are unusually abun- dant and destructive. July 12. Cabbage butterflies [Pieris rapae] are now quite abundant. A large number of cut- leafed birches have been seriously damaged, without apparent cause. [This is possibly the work of the bronze birch borer, Agrilus anxius.] All plant lice are unusually abundant. Many complaints are made regarding the abundance of fleas
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 793
on cats and dogs. Potato beetles [Dor yphora 10-lin- eata] and cabbage worms are very abundant. Aug. 2. The birch leaf Bucculatrix [Bucculatrix canadensis- ella] is exceedingly abundant in this vicinity, having skel- etonized the majority of the leaves on almost all the birches in this region. Sep. 12.
Saratoga county (Miss Rhoda Thompson, Ballston Spa)—There are fewer appletree tent-caterpillars [Clisiocampa amer- icana] and more plant lice and cutworms than there have been for the last two years. Currant worms [Pteronus ribesii] have also been very abundant. June7. Rose beetles [Macrodactylus subspinosus],and wireworms are about as abundant as usual. Squash bugs [Anasa tristis] are present in enormous numbers and are causing considerable injury. July 12. There is a plague of grasshoppers in this vicinity, and they are doing a great deal of mischief. It was found they had cut off from two thirds to three fourths of the grain in a field of oats. Corn has also been much injured. Some farmers are cutting their grain before maturity in order to save it from injury.
Schenectady county (Paul Roach, Quaker Street)—Forest tent- caterpillars [Clisiocampa disstria] were first observed on the south side of the woods. May 5. Appletree tent-cater- pillars [Clisiocampa americana| and forest tent-cater- pillars will probably be fewer than last year. The cold, wet weather appears to have retarded the hatching of eggs and development of insect life. Bud moth larvae [Tmetvucera ocellana|] are present in small numbers. May 8. There are only a few appletree tent-caterpillars on the wild cherrytrees. The season has been cold and excessively wet, and not many of the caterpillar eggs appear to have hatched. May 31.
Schoharie county (John F. Johnson, Breakabeen)—Appletree tent-caterpillars [Clisiocampa americana] were first observed May 1, and forest tent-caterpillars [Clisiocampa disstria] May 7. The former are abundant, and the latter not more than half as numerous as last year. The cold, rainy
794. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
weather seems to have kept insect pests in check. May 13. Forest tent-caterpillars have not done much damage. They are about one third as abundant as last year. Plant lice are quite numerous on apple, plum and cherry trees. Currant worms [Pteronus ribesii] are quite abundant in this vicinity. June 6. Potato beetles [Doryphora 10-lineata] have appeared, and plant lice are quite abundant on cherrytrees, causing the leaves to shrivel and die. Forest tent-caterpillars are spinning their cocoons and have not caused much damage. Grasshoppers are present in large numbers. The moths of the forest tent-caterpillar appeared July 1 and have commenced to deposit eggs. Potato beetles are very abundant. July 11. Grasshoppers are very numerous and are injuring corn and buck- wheat. Aug. 12.
Schuyler county (Harriet M. Smith, North Hector)—Appletree tent-caterpillars [Clisiocampa americana] were first seen May 1, canker worms [? Paleacrita vernata] May
6. The latter have been very destructive to buds and small
leaves on plumtrees. The tent-caterpillars are very abundant, but have caused but little damage as yet. May 17. Both the common and the 12 spotted asparagus beetles [Crioceris asparagi and C. 12-punctata] are abundant. Canker worms are defoliating many maple trees. Owing to the de- struction of the nests of the appletree tent-caterpillar in orchards, this pest has caused but little injury in this vicinity. The late storm has apparently killed many insects. June 7. White marked tussock moth caterpillars [Notolophus leucostigma] have been quite injurious to horse chestnut trees. Oats are reported as seriously damaged by a plant louse in Seneca county. July 12. Iam unable to learn of any wheat being seriously injured by the Hessian fly [Cecidomyia destructor] in this vicinity, as most of it was sown late. June 14. Potato beetles [Doryphora 10-linea ta] ap- peared for the first time this season about June 15, and they are now present in great abundance. June 21. The Hessian fly has injured wheat at North Reading. July 19.
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 T95
Seneca county (J. F. Hunt, Kendaia)—A ppletree tent-caterpillar [Clisiocampa americana] eggs hatched Ap. 26, and those of the forest tent-caterpillar [Cli s.0;Ca.m-piated is stria] May 38. Canker worms [?Paleacrita vernat al commenced work on appletrees about May 1. May 7. Cherry aphids [Myzus cerasi] have just begun to appear. Both appletree and forest tent-caterpillars are less abundant than last year. There are not so many nests of the former species to be seen. The steely blue grapevine beetle [Haltica chalybea] has not been seen this spring in localities where it was abundant last year. May 17. Currant worms [Pteronus ribesii] appeared May 20, and work of the plum curculio [Conotrachelus nenuphar] is now evident, but this pest is not so injurious as in former years. The forest tent-caterpillar in particular is not so abundant as it has been in recent years. Bud moths [Tmetocera ocellana] are more numerous than for years. Currant worms and raspberry sawflies [Monophadnoides rubil] are both scarce. The fruit tree bark beetle [Scolytus rugulosus] is working quite abundantly in plum and peach- trees, but not so badly, however, in the latter. The orchard which the canker worms defoliated last year and in which they appeared this year is now all right, the pests having been controlled by two sprayings. May 29. The work of the Hes- sian fly [Cecidomyia destructor] is now in evidence, it having destroyed about one third of some species of wheat, and there are but few curculio marks on apricots and plums. Tent-caterpillars are showing up a little more abundantly than was reported last week. There are no potato beetles [Doryphora 10-lineata] to speak of yet. The last week of rain has apparently had no bad effect on the cater- pillars. June 7. Eggs of the potato beetle are beginning to hateh, and the parent insects are very plentiful. Tent-cater- pillars are now leaving the trees and spinning cocoons. The Hessian fly is very destructive in some pieces of wheat, while
in others not much is seen of it. Zebra caterpillars [Mam-
796 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
estra picta] were found in small numbers on a red rasp- berry bush. June 21. Squash bugs [Anasa tristis] are yery numerous and in some gardens have destroyed all the vines. The small black flea beetle [Epitrix cucumer is] is very abundant in some bean fields. The work of what is evidently a Thrips is very plain in many timothy fields. The Hessian fly is not causing so much damage in this vicinity as was at first feared. July 10. The cherry fruit fy [Rhago- letis cingulata] has caused some injury in this vicinity, and I have been able to catch the flies on the fruit. I have gone over my cherry orchard twice and a part of it three times and have gathered from it the affected fruit, which was then put into vessels containing water, and the maggots drowned. I picked 25 pounds of infested cherries from four trees, and bushels of wormy ones, in my orchard. Cucumber flea beetles are quite injurious to potato vines. The Hessian fly has com- pletely destroyed all the barley and spring wheat in this sec- tion. Winter wheat in the center of the county is good, while at each end it is badly damaged by the fly. July 24.
Tompkins county (C. E. Chapman, Peruville)—Appletree tent- caterpillars [Clisiocampa americana] appeared May 1, and on the 9th they were very abundant. May 14. Hessian fly larvae [Cecidomyia destructor] are in nearly every wheat stalk, from one to four in each. Many fields are nearly ruined, and the yield will not be more than one half the usual crop. The wheat also appears to be damaged by an insect which eats the straw nearly in two about an inch from the surface of the ground. It is probably the work of the sawfly [?Cephus pygmaeus]. Forest and appletree tent-cater- pillars are on all the trees in this section but not in sufficient numbers to cause much damage. June 25. Chinch bugs [Blissus leucopterus] occur here and there in small spots on different farms. One piece of millet was badly in- jured. They have also attacked grass among blackberry bushes. Grasshoppers are very thick, but wet weather appears to keep them in check. Squash and other vines have been nearly de-
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 (97
stroyed by the common stink or squash bug [Anasgsa tris- tis]. The apples are much infested with codling moth larvae ie arpocapsa pomonella]. Potato beetles are very abundant. Aug. 20.
Ulster county (George S. Clark, Milton)—Currant worms [Pteronus ribesii] were first observed May 7, and only a few are to be found at the present date. Appletree tent-cater- pillars [Clisiocampa americana] were first seen about May 1, and in sections where they were kept under con- trol last year, there are only a few, but in other places they-are doing considerable damage. May 16. Cherry aphis [Myzus eerasi] is rather abundant on cherrytrees. May beetles are present in some numbers and are cutting the leaves of trees badly. May 31. Plant lice appear to be increasing slowly. Appletree tent-caterpillars are now wandering considerably. June 7. Cucumber flea beetles [Epitrix cucumeris] are at work on tomato and potato vines, injuring them consider- ably. Some trees in this section have been entirely defoliated by tent-caterpillars, but this is exceptional. June 14. Cherry plant lice are quite injurious to young trees. June 21. There are very few currant worms in the second brood. The potato beetles [Doryphora 10-lineata] are easily controlled. June 28. The lightning leaf-hopper [Ormenis pruinosal is quite abundant in a pear and currant plantation, being so numerous as to partly cover many of the twigs with their cot- tony secretion. It is not an injurious species as arule. July 11.
Warren county (C. L. Williams, Glens Falls)—Forest tent- caterpillars [Clisiocampa disstria] are generally dis- tributed in this section, but they have not been numerous enough to cause much of any damage. The caterpillars of the white marked tussock moth [Notolophus leucostigma] are present in small numbers. July 5.
Wayne county (C. H. Stuart, Newark)—I am sending you a worm found in quince seedlings which proved to be the larva of the leopard moth [Zeuzera pyrin aj. June 30. The Hessian fly [Cecidomyia destructo r] is even worse
TIS NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
here this year than last, when it attacked nearly three fourths of the crop. Our season has been extremely wet, and I think that both of the tent-caterpillars and aphids have been later than usual, but now they are very abundant. June 5. Canker worms [? Paleacrita vernata] are even worse than last year, and very little effort is being made to check them. They have attacked forest trees badly in some sections, seeming to favor the elms and spreading from them to neighboring orchards. The appletree and forest tent-caterpillars [Clisio- campa americana and C. disstria] are very abund- ant on apple and cherry trees, but during a long drive yesterday, ! saw nests only in apple and cherry trees. This is a great con- trast to last year, when they worked on nearly everything. They are now crawling along the fences, sidewalks and roads, look- ing for places in which to spin up. Our fields (we have some 60 acres scattered around in different places) look uniformly bad from attack by the Hessian fly. They were sowed beginning Sep. 20 and ending a week later. Our wheat is as near a com- plete failure as it is possible to be and yield anything. We may get 5 or 6 bushels to the acre, but we shall probably plow the greater part of it. Both asparagus beetles are present here, but the 12 spotted one [Crioceris 12-punctatal] is rare. The common form [Crioceris asparagi] is so bad that it is almost impossible to find any asparagus on the market except that which is covered with its eggs. June 11. Iyam mailing a number of apricot twigs infested with what is appar- ently a peach twig moth. [Cenopis diluticostana Walsm., kindly determined by Prof. C. H. Fernald, subsequently was bred from these twigs.] The pale striped flea beetle [S y s- tena taeniata] observed by us working on seedling apple- trees last year, is now attacking sugar beets. June 24. The small beetles [Notoxus anchora] sent herewith are very humerous around the roots of wheat. In our seed bed we have several varieties of wheat, all of which were badly injured by the Hessian fly except a check row of “ Dawson’s golden chaff,”
not a single straw of which is down. This check row Was sown
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 T99
by hand, the rest by machine, and was put in about 1 inch deeper than the rest. All the varieties were sown at about the same time. June 28.
Westchester county (Mrs. Edwin H. Mairs, Irvington-on-Hud- son)—Appletree tent-caterpillars [Clisiocampa ameri- €ana] were observed in immense numbers. May 7. We have had few warm days and a great deal of cold wet weather, which has kept insect life pretty well in check. May 14. The grape- vine plume moth caterpillars [Oxyptilus periscelidac- tylus] are doing some injury to grapevines. The beech aphis [Phyllaphis fagi] is present on purple beeches. Apple- tree tent-caterpillars are still very abundant. May 29. They are now leaving the trees and crawling in every direction in search of places in which to spin up. In one orchard I saw enough of them to stock the earth. June 6. Green June beetles [Allorhina nitida] were first observed July 7. They eat out the buds of the common flowers and are destroying the plants. This is the insect which has been reported in the newspapers as the wonderful “ flying, boring bug.” Spotted grapevine beetles [Pelidnota punctata] have appeared in great numbers. The common June beetles are somewhat troublesome. White marked tussock moth caterpillars [Not 0- lophus leucostigma] are present in small numbers. July 20. Fall webworms [Hyphantria cuneal] are very abundant in this section, and their nests can be seen on a great variety of trees and shrubs. Sep. 6.
Wyoming county (\W. H. Roper, Wyoming)—Appletree tent- caterpillars [Clisiocampa disstria] appeared May 2. They are plentiful, but are not doing much damage as yet, since the weather is cool and damp. May 13. They have not been working for the last three days, because the weather has been cold, but not cold enough to kill them. May 17. The tent- caterpillars are doing a great deal of damage in this locality where the trees have not been sprayed. The canker worm [? Paleacrita vernata] has also made his appearance
and is causing a great deai of injury. Had it not been for the
SOO NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
cold, wet weather, the caterpillars would have caused a great deal more damage than they have. May 29. Tent-caterpillars and canker worms are devouring the foliage very rapidly in some orchards. The latter are not doing as much injury in the woods this year as last. June 7. I find no canker worms in my orchard, but there are a great many in this vicinity, and the elm- trees are full of them. Some trees have been entirely defoliated. The Hessian fly [Cecidomyia destructor] has caused a great deal of injury to wheat in this section, and many crops will not be harvested because there is nothing worth cutting. The white wheat has been severely injured, while the red wheat has apparently escaped with little or no harm. June 19. I have four acres of white wheat which was sown Sep. 19. It has not been injured by the fly. It is known as the ‘“ Genesee giant.” The straw is very coarse and stands up in fine shape. My no. 6, sowed the next day, is about one half gone. The wheat on the hills has been injured much more than that in the valley. July 3.
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST
The following is a list of the principal publications of the entomologist during the year 1901. 62 are given with title,! place and time of publication and a summary of the contents of each. Volume and page numbers are separated by a colon, the first superior figure tells the column, and the second the exact place in the column in ninths; e. g. 65: 86218 means vol. 65, p. 862, column 1, beginning in the eighth ninth, i. e. about eight ninths of the way down.
Grain moth (Country gentleman, 25 Oct. 1900, 65: 8628)
The attack on wheat at Highlands N. J. is identified as that of Sito- troga cerealella Oliv.
Wooly aphis (Country gentleman, 25 Oct. 1900, 65: 862") Identifies and gives remedies for Schizoneura lanigera
Hausm. attack on appletrees at Troy N. Y.
eS a a ee * Titles are given as published; and in some instances they have been changed or supplied by the editors of the various papers.
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 SOL
Whale oil soap experiments (Country gentleman, 1 Noy. 1900, 65: 88441)
Gives results obtained with Good’s whale oil soap.
Celery Plusia (Country gentleman, 1 Noy. 1900, 65: 884-854) Plusia simplex Guen. is identified from Colora Md., its life his-
tory is given, and remedies indicated. Ormenis [Poeciloptera]
septentrionalis Spin. is mentioned.
Some effects of early spring applications of insecticides on fruit trees (U.S. dep’t agric. div. ent. Bul. 26, n.s. 1900. [rec'd Nov. 8] p. 22-25)
Gives effects of kerosene, crude petroleum and whale oil soaps in various dilutions and mixtures.
Hessian fly (Country gentleman, 22 Nov. 1900, 65: 942°°)
Gives rule for ascertaining date of disappearance of [Cecidomyia destructor Say] and recommends preventive measures.
Remedies for San José scale (Country gentleman, 29 Noy. 1900, 65: 96521)
Summarizes results obtained with kerosene, crude petroleum, whale oil soaps and hydrocyanie acid gas. A 20% mechanical emulsion of crude petroleum proved very satisfactory. Whale oil soap was not so efficient. Hydrocyanie acid gas was the most satisfactory, but its application is limited on account of the costly tents.
Scale on Japan plum (American gardening, 8 Dec. 1900, 21: S13)
San José scale, Aspidiotus perniciosus Comst., from Rye N. Y., is identified, and early spring treatment with whale oil soap or crude petroleum advised.
Work of the state entomologist (Albany evening journal, 18 Dee. 1900, p. 4)
Replying to a suggestion, the work of the office is briefly outlimed. Wheat damaged by moth (Country gentleman, 10 Jan. 1901, 66:
2432)
Gives remedies for Angoumois or grain moth, Sitotroga cerealla Oliv., which is reported abundant in New Jersey.
Serious injury by bark-borers (Riverhead [N. Y.] news, 26 Jan. 1901, p. 1-80 cm)
A brief account of injuries to hard pines at Manor L. I. by Tomicus
ealligraphus Germ., T. cacographus Lec. and Dendroc- tonus terebrans Oliv. Several preventive measures are advised.
802 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Wireworms (Country gentleman, 28 Feb. 1901, 66: 168)
The larva of Melanotus communis Gyll. from Orange county, N. Y. is identified, and several preventive and repressive measures advised.
[Insect lessons of the year] (Country gentleman, 28 Feb. 290i,
66: 17074, 7 Mar. p. 192)
Extracts from report of committee on insects of Eastern N. Y. horti- cultural society, in which the following are noticed: pale striped flea beetle, Systena taeniata Say, gipsy moth, Porthetria dispar Linn., appletree aphis, Aphis mali Fabr., cherrytree aphis, Myzus cerasi Fabr., destructive pea louse, Nectarolphora pisi Kalt, white flower cricket, Oecanthus niveus DeG.,the minute black lady- beetle, Pentilia misella Lee. fruit tree bark beetle, Scolytus rugulosus Ratz, palmer worm, Ypsolophus pometellus Harr., forest tent-caterpillar, Clisiocampa disstria MHtibn. and the leopard moth, Zeuzera pyrina Fabr. The second part is a dis- cussion of results obtained in experiments against San José scale with kerosene, whale oil soap and crude petroleum in various combinations.
Scurfy bark louse (Country gentleman, 28 Mar. 1901, 66: 256-57")
Chionaspis furfura Fitch on pear and apple trees is briefly characterized, and remedies given.
Grapevine Aspidiotus (Country gentleman, 4 Ap. 1901, 66:
278-794")
Aspidiotus uvyae Comst. from Nashville Tenn. is identified, com- pared briefly with the San José scale, and remedial measures are indicated. Injurious insects and how to control them. (N. Y. state agric.
soc. Rep’t 1899. 1900. pt 2. Bureau of farmers institutes.
Rep’t [issued 15 Ap. 1901] p. 267-93. Also Dep’t agric. 7th
rept. 1900. -v. 3, pt 2, p. 59-85)
General paper treating of a number of insects, the appletree tent-cater- pillar, Clisiocampa americana Fabr., forest tent-caterpillar, Clisiocampa disstria Hiibn., codling moth, Carpocapsa pomomelia Linn., sugar maple borer, Plagionotus speciosus Say, elm borer, Saperda tridentata Oliv., elm leaf beetle, Galerucella luteola Miill., appletree and scurfy bark lice, Mytilaspis pomorum Bouché and Chionaspis furfura Fitch, and the San José scale, Aspidiotus perniciosus Comst. being specially mentioned.
A large number of the more important insect pests are briefly character- ized, and remedies for them are given in the reprinted catalogue of the collection exhibited at certain institutes.
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 803
Household insects (N.Y. state agric. soc. Rep’t, 1899. 1900. pt
2 Bureau of farmers institutes. Rep’t [issued 15 Ap. 1901]
p. 294-303. Also Dep’t agric. 7th rep’t. 1900. vy. 3, pt 2,
p. 86-95)
A general paper treating of the following: mosquitos, Culex, house fly, Musca domestica Linn, fleas, Ceratopsyllus Sserraticeps Gery., carpet beetles, Anthrenus sero Pphulariae Linn. and At- tagenus piceus Oliv. and clothes moths, Tinéa pellionella Linn. and others, house ants, Monomorium pharaonis Linn. and others, cockroaches, Phyllodromia germanica Fabr. and Peri- planeta orientalis Linn, bedbug, Acanthia lectularia Linn., larder beetles Dermestes lardarius Linn., cheese or ham skipper, Piophila casei Linn, fruit flies, Droso phila ampe- lophila Loew, bristle tail or fish moth, Thermobia furnorum Roy.
16th report of the state entomologist on injurious and other insects of the state of New York (N. Y. state mus. Bul. 36. 1901. [issued 25 Ap.] p. 949-1063)
Contents PAGE
AEH OUCH OTB Yee ety FAS rae 2 os GIs e Se fa Ble eke cudelskich. iach <i Cae ee ee 951 CeneralmencOmolgeve eLEATUIEES:,. 25 2 00.0 < s¢.e) ns «15 dayeie acess cieabecucione Mel DIGTES WOW: Sip orstico eS Re nee bind & > 951 eGlallapMVe SUIS A TOMS ae wttars.s cri. 3 ss alsvenos Cocacleae ano ks, att erate 952 MLOMTOLO SIC MELAGSEALION as actare cnce ce ya ae 2a aah omeronaet ele ae AO Cea OL Sta hey ae geter cd Aire is es SITE RNSSL Os. 0d sh Pe he bl owsw let SP ee 953
JESRIGICCI0) < Sy OL eee eG POISE aes aR ESOn Saket eee ote CaS CEU CeMonwoOleINSCGtSs oA ofa. sone sie so cssestays oo ceed aa ed Voluntary BUSEEVOTS Ene oe te le ee ee ee PELL ONL E OTIMGE C Sane ve Siads ast aGs tela @ Ae sere arn e eee ee oR oT ee HEA EL OSD CCGG Se ness. coe Sec ctae ka siete ey ASI aS Disha) See laa a ee ora
EFOrG enteybyical Ada S yas, iPS ye MOEN Asya 1 Se, cues eerste caren 955 Nan Oops pom ete hls. palmer wrolnta soee eee 962
i RperimMe»ntal works .wilth INSeCtICIGeS. 2... 6 ssc eece an cale clue enone ao Ont (COT SOS. Aelia aid Mi were tameairao ome. ~ isa INGHDS. TROT AW SEA CCN Oe eee ee ee aek aie nAwet Solna We Salt. prod yo gem oiote Kruit tree bark beetle (Scolytus rugulosus)..........: 989
Plum scureulio “(Con otra chelivs. memnw ph am jer. .c eee. 989 Pale striped flea beetle (Systena taeniata)............ 989 Him leatapectle= (Grad ex uierel lias lar tevoll/a)o seers ieee aes $90
Colde uli pechlendG Nirty.S 0. hi Usp ati at WS, Pry eu ean 12 spotted asparagus beetle (Crioceris 12punectata).... 991
1 General account of each, giving life history and habits. 2 Brief records of some of the more interesting facts brought to notice in 1900.
S04 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Notes for the year (continued) PAGE Grain beetles in a new Tle... 2 eisjei5 a e~ cli-2 ir ol= icicle ole shea 992 Snakeworm (Sciara SPECIES): « «vie ee += ale move sues) cin ele 992 Forest tent-caterpillar (Clisiocampa LESS RIRIUEN)) 6 oc on oS 994 Fall army worm (Laphygma frugiperda).........--- 998. Red banded leaf-roller (Lopho derus triferana)......- $98 Harlequin cabbage bug (Murgan tela Hulse Osmelera®) earns 999: Juniper plant bug (Pentatoma juni peri na). w.- ee. 999. Elm bark louse (Gossyparia Dll on re aeao bd ods5 0.0000 ¢ 999 GTASSHOPPETS sin’. ars -/oks evehe Savio fa lehe'e > efotelmte ieselesete erenerenek" oil RS aren 1000.
Voluntary entomologic service of New York Staiteser aecietocnheachacieer: 1000: Summaries of reports from voluntary observers......-+++++++-: 1001
List of publications of the ENtOMOlOSISt aes aieeress eblsioler) -lenel holo eKe nt 1027
Contributions to the collection, 15 Oct. 1899-14 Octi WOO acne 1034
Explanation of plates 2.2.60. 06sec eee scene ne tiie te 2 oleic oe einciaiere 1047
hits Sere eee BRE NOSSO DOO NOCD UOMO DOD OO Oe Does UO O-ODDUMG.G 5 o10,00.00¢ 1049
Tent-caterpillars (Country gentleman, 9 May 1901, 66: 386%)
Remedies are given for both species.
Enemies of trees (Troy daily times, 10 May 1901, 87cm)
Brief general accounts of the elm leaf beetle, Ga lerucella luteola Miill., forest tent-caterpillar, Clisiocampa disstr ia Hiibn., and the elm bark louse, Gossyparia ulmi Geoff.
Entomologic service of New York (Country gentleman, 16 May 1901, 66: 403”) ; Summary of reports from voluntary observers. Trap-lanterns—Warning (Country gentleman, 16 May 1901, 66: 4067; New York farmer, 16 May 1901, p. 3)
Statement to the effect that trap lanterns are of value in only a few very special cases.
Spraying and poultry (Country gentleman, 23 May 1901,66: 42375)
Grass under properly sprayed trees will not be injurious to poultry.
Scale on raspberry (Country gentleman, 23 May 1901, 66: 423%)
e
Aulacaspis rosae Sandb. from Concordville Pa. is identified, and the proper treatment indicated. Hessian fly—borers (Country gentleman, 30 May 1901, 66: 442°) Preventive methods are given for Cecidomyia destructor Say, the fruit tree bark-borer, Scolytus rugulosus Ratz., and the locust borer, Cyllene robiniae Forst. Entomologic service of New York (Country gentleman, 30 May 1901, 66: 443%)
Summary of reports from yoluntary observers.
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 805
Recent problems in the control of insects depredating on fruit trees (Mass. fruit growers ass’n. 7th rep’t. 1901 [ree’d 6 June] p- 27-45)
The following topics are treated: Care of literature, Dissemination of
insects, Results obtained in 1900 with insecticides, the latter principally a discussion of kerosene, whale oil soaps and crude petroleum.
Voluntary entomologie service of New York state (Country
gentleman, 6 June 1901, 66: 462-6347) Summary of reports from voluntary observers.
Voluntary entomologic service of New York state (Country
gentleman, 18 June 1901, 66: 482%4) Summary of reports from voluntary observers.
Hessian fly (Country gentleman, 18 June 1901, 66: 486%; New York farmer, 13 June 1901, p. 8; 27 June, p. 7; American agriculturist, 22 June 1901, p. 816, col. 1)
Brief statement of injuries by Hessian fly. Cecidomyia de-
?
structor Say, and a request for data concerning infested fields.
Hickory gall—San José scale (Country gentleman, 20 June 1901, 66: 502%)
The life history and characteristics of Phylloxera caryae- ecaulis Fitch are briefly given, and Aspidiotus perniciosus Comst. is identified. Both are from Bedford Station N. Y.
Voluntary entomologic service of New York state (Country gentleman, 20 June 1901, 66: 50314)
Summary of reports from voluntary observers.
Voluntary entomologic service of New York state (Country gentleman, 27 June 1901, 66: 523°9)
Summary of reports from voluntary observers.
Lunate long sting (Country gentleman, 4 July 1901, 66: 542—43%)
A brief notice of Thalessa lunator Fabr. from Loudonville
N. Y., with mention of its host, the pigeon tremex, Tremex eolumba Linn.
Voluntary entomologic service of New York (Country gentle- man, 4 July 1901, 66: 54374) Summary of reports from voluntary observers. Fruit tree bark beetle (Country gentleman, 4 July 1901, 66: 55411) Brief general account of Scolytus rugulosus Ratz. in New York state.
806 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
A ~ 2929 Squash bug (Country gentleman, 11 July 1901, 66: 56237) Anasa tristis DeG. is figured and briefly noticed. Voluntary entomologic service of New York state (Country gentleman, 11 July 1901, 66: 563") Summary of reports from voluntary observers. Leaf-cutter bee (Country gentleman, 18 July 1901, 66: 582°9) Cells of Megachile species from Chase Lake N. Y. are identified and the habits of insect given. Voluntary entomologic service of New York (Country gentle- man, 18 July 1901, 66: 583%) Summary of reports from voluntary observers. Voluntary entomologic service of New York (Country gentle- man, 25 July 1901, 66: 603!°) Summary of reports from voluntary observers. Plum curculio (Country gentleman, 25 July 1901, 66: 6047°) Work of beetles of Conotrachelus nenuphar Hbst. on plum leaves is identified, and remedy given. Codling moth larvae in quince and a blight noticed briefly. All were from Setauket L. I. Voluntary entomologic service of New York (Country gentle- man, 1 Aug. 1901, 66: 623%) Summary of reports from voluntary observers. Larch lappet (Country gentleman, 8 Aug. 1901, 66: 64229) The larva of Tolype laricis Fitch from Coldwater N. Y. is identified, and its peculiarities sketched. Voluntary uae service of New York state (Country gentleman, 8 Aug. 1901, 66: 442-4348) Summary of reports from voluntary observers. A great insect book (Country gentleman, 8 Aug. 1901, 66: 646-47") A review, with some editorial additions, of the Insect book by-Drke ©: Howard. Rabbit botfly (Poultry monthly [Albany N. Y.] Sep. 1901, p. 497-98) Identifies maggot from Belgian hare in New York as probably
Cuterebra cuniculi Clark and gives its life history briefly and remedies,
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 SOT
Borers in shade trees (American gardening, 10 Aug. 1901, 22: 558)
Poplar borer at New York is possibly Sa perda calearat a Say. Injection of carbon bisulfid is recommended, or the use of potassium cyanid.
Blister beetles (Country gentleman, 15 Aug. 1901, 66: 6621)
Margined blister beetle Epicauta cinerea Korst., from Lahaska Pa. is identified, and remedies given.
Cicada-killer (Country gentleman, 22 Aug. 1901, 66: 682%)
Sphecius speciosus Drury from Stillwater N. J. is identified, and its occurrence at Karner N. Y. recorded,
Sugar maples injured (Country gentleman, 19 Sep. 1901, 66: 1624")
The depredator at Dutchess county, N. Y., is identified as probably Gacoecia argyrospila Walk.
Ichneumon fiy (Country gentleman, 26 Sep. 1901, 66: 78214)
Paniseus geminatus Say from Croton on Hudson N. Y. is described and identified.
Orange dog (Country gentleman, 26 Sep. 1901, 66: 782")
The larva of Heraclides cresphontes Cram. from Albany
N. Y. is described, and its unusual abundance in New York noted. Angoumois moth (Country gentleman, 26 Sep. 1901, 66: 78274)
Sitotroga cerealella Oliv. from Smithtown L. I. is identified, and remedial measures given.
Birch leaf Bucculatrix (Country gentleman, 26 Sep. 1901, 66: 78729)
A brief account of the prevalence and destructiveness of Buccula- trix canadensisella Chamb. in New York state.
Golden oak scale and leaf feeder (Country gentleman, 26 Sep.
1901, 66: 78928)
This seale, Asterolecanium variolosum Ratz, is de- scribed, remedies given and the leaf feeder identified as possibly
Symmerista aibifrons Abb. & Sm. a ry & ee oI lard 28) Ants on fig trees (Country gentleman, 26 Sep. 1901, 66: 789°) Several means of keeping these insects out of trees are discussed.
The ants are said to devour the fruit. Celery worms (Country gentleman, 26 Sep. 1901, 66: 789%) The caterpillar, Papilio polyxenes Fabr., from Islip L. I. is described, and the use of slug shot on celery discountenanced. Hand
picking is advised.
SOS NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Saddle back caterpillar (Country gentleman, 26 Sep. 1901, 66: 78938) The larva of Sibine stimulea Clem., from Greenwich Ct., is described, and its food plants given. Hessian fly in New York state (Country gentleman, 5 Oct. 1901, 66: 799800") Summary account of injuries by Cecidomyia destructor Say, with remedial measures. Appletree borer (Country gentleman, 3 Oct. 1901, 66: 80375) Remedial and preventive measures for Saperda candida Fabr. are given. Borers and plant lice (Country gentleman, 10 Oct. 1901, 66: 82917) A general account of injuries to firs in the Adiwondacks by Tomi-
eus balsameus Lec. with mention of other species. General di- rections are given for the use of insecticides.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO COLLECTION 16 OCT. 1900-15 OCT. 1901
Hymenoptera
Apis mellifica Linn. honey bee, queen and workers, 5 Oct.; from Harold Horner, Mount Holly N. J.
Xylocopa virginica Drury, carpenter bee, pupae in hard pine board, 30 July; from James F. Feeney, Albany N. Y.
Megachile sp.; cells, 23 July; from Harriet M. Smith, North Hector N. Y.
Vespa maculata Linn., white-faced hornet, nest, 30 Ap.; from Mrs C. L. Hoffman, Castleton N. Y. Large nest of same, 19 Ap.; from Samuel Brutkus, New Baltimore N. Y.
Sphecius speciosus Drury, cicada-killer, adult, 12 Aug.; from S. P., Stillwater N. J.
Sphex ichneumonea Linn., 8 Sep.; from Miss Eliza S. Blunt, New Russia N. Y.
7Sphaerophthalma occidentalis Linn. velvet ant, 7 Sep.; from Dr M. W. Van Denburg, Mount Vernon N. Y.
Dibrachys boucheanus Ratz. adults issuing from braconid cocoons on a sphingid larva, 13 Aug.; from B. F. Koons, Storrs Ct.
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 S09
Thalessa lunator Fabr., lunate long sting, adult, 25 June; from C. S. Bradt, Albany N. Y. Same, 25 June; from L. Tucker & Son, Albany N. Y. Same, 28 July; from C. W. Walker, McGregor Ia. Same, 13 Sep.; from C. J. Moore, Albany Ni
Thalessa atrata ‘Fabr., black long sting, adult, 29 May; from 0. Q. Flint, Athens N. Y. Same, 25 June; from C. S. Bradt, Albany N. Y. Same, 2 July; from Fred Calhoun, Albany ENE:
Paniscus geminatus Say, adult, 18 Sep.; from J. H. H.,, Croton on Hudson N. Y.
Tremex columba Linn., pigeon tremex,adult on decayed and dying elm, 24 Aug.; from Jeanette C. Miller, Aldercreek N. Y.
?Cephus pygmaeus Linn., wheat sawfly, larvae in wheat stalks, 9 July; from C. H. Stuart, Newark N. Y.
Lygaeonematus erichsonii Hartig., larch sawfly, larvae on larch, 19 June; Jeanette C. Miller, Aldercreek N. Y.
Cimbex americana Leach, American sawfly, adult, 5 June; from Dr J. Benton Tipton, Albany N. Y. Larvae of same on willow, 16 Sep.; from G. §. Graves, Newport N. Y. They must have been very abundant, as numerous examples were sent.
Coleoptera
SeGiwins rugulosus Ratz. fruit tree bark beetle, larvae and pupae on peach, 16 Mar.; from J. A. Hepworth, Marl- boro N. Y. Same on plum, 25 June; A. M. W., Troy N. Y.
Madarus undulatus Say., adult from fruit of thorn bush, 10 Oct.; from C. H. Peck, Lansingburg N. Y.
Balaninus rectus Say, chestnut weevil, adult, July; from Mrs E. H. Mairs, Irvington-on-Hudson N. Y.
Conotrachelus nenuphar Herbst., plum curculio, adult work on plum leaves, 12 July; from S. B. Strong, Setauket NSE:
Lixus concavus Say, rhubarb curculio, adult, 5 June; from J. H. Ball, North Nassau N. Y.
Hylobius confusus Kirby, adult, 10 June; from Charles Heindel, Albany N. Y.
S10 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Hylobius pales Herbst.,’ pales weevil, adult, 5 Noy.; from G. W. Cravens, Schenectady N. Y. Same, 6 May; from C. H. Peck, Menands N.Y.
Epicauta pennsylva nica DeG., black blister beetle, adults seriously injuring sugar beets and destroying some patches, 15 Aug.; from J. W. Calkins, Cobleskill N. Y. Same on potato vines and china asters, 30 Aug.; from Ira L. Peck, Charleston Four Corners N. Y.
Epicauta cinerea Forst., margined blister beetle, adults on anemones, 5 Aug.; from R. M., Lahaska Pa.
Epicauta vittata Fabr., striped blister beetle, very numerous on beets, potatoes, beans, tomatoes, 16 Aug.; from Senator Ambler, Valatie N. Y. They are said to have eaten up all the beets and tomatoes and now to be devouring the potatoes.
Notoxus anchora Hentz. adults numerous around the roots of wheat, 27 June; from C. H. Stuart, Newark N. Y.
Pythoamericanus Kirby, adults, under decaying bark, 18 Noy.; from J. A. Otterson, Berlin Mass.
Diaperis hydni Fabr. from Polyporus spumeus, 9 Oct.; from Mrs Dallus, Buena Vista Spring Pa.
Tenebrio molitor Linn., meal worm, pupae, found in a trunk, 28 May; from George H. Hunter, Albany N. Y. Same 23 Aug.; from Jeanette C. Miller, Aldercreek N. Y.
Upis ceramboides Linn., 27 May; from Eliza S. B. Blunt, New Russia N. Y.
Chelymorpha argus Licht., argus beetle, larvae, pupae, adults on bindweed, 23 July; from Jeanette C. Miller, Aldercreek NS
Systena hudsonias Forst., red-headed flea beetle, adults on grape, 7 Aug.; from J. J. Barden, Fredonia N. Y.
Crepidodera cucumeris Harr., cucumber flea beetle, adults on bean and potato vines, 24 July; from J. F. Hunt, Ken- daia N. Y.
Disonyeha collaris Fabr., spinach flea beetle, larva on spinach, 3 July; from G. §. Graves, Newport N. Y.
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 S11
Galerucella luteola Mill., elm leaf beetle on elm, 6 Aug.; from Jane Bassett, Bridgewater Mass.
Doryphora 10-lineata Say, potato beetle, work of adult on stalks of potatoes, 2 July; from J. F. Rose, South Byron N. Y.
Colaspis brunnea Fabr., brown Colaspis, adult on grapevine, 7 Aug.; from J. J. Barden, Fredonia N. Y.
Typophorus canellus Fabr., strawberry root worm, on elm, 6 June; from Cyrus R. Crosby, Cranberry Creek N. Y.
Chrysochus auratus Fabr., gold gilt beetle, adult July; Mrs E. H. Mairs, Irvington-on-Hudson N. Y.
Fidia viticida Walsh, grape root worm, adults on grape, 10 May; from F. M. Webster, Euclid O. Same on grape leaves, 5 and 7 Aug.; from J. J. Barden, Fredonia N. Y.
Oberea bimaculata Oliv., work of raspberry cane- borer, 22 July; from Mrs H. E, Robinson, North Nassau N. Y.
Monohammus confusor Kirby, pine sawyer, adult, 19 July; from W. §. Hammond, Albany N. Y. Same July; from C. H. Peck, North Elba N. Y.
Rhagium lineatum Oliy., ribbed Rhagium, larva under bark of pine, 18 Noy.; from J. A. Otterson, Berlin Mass.
Desmocerus palliatus Forst., cloaked knotty horn, adult, July; from Mrs E. H. Mairs, Irvington-on-Hudson N. Y.
Plagionotus speciosus Say, sugar maple borer, adult, 23 July; from Jeanette C. Miller, Aldercreek N. Y.
Cyllene pictus Drury, hickory borer, adults from hick- ory logs, 15 Ap.; from Eliza §. Blunt, Brooklyn N. Y. Same 15 June; from G. G. Atwood, Albany N. Y.
Prionus laticollis Drury, broad-necked Prionus, adult, July; from Mrs E. H. Mairs, Irvington-on-Hudson N. Y.
Allorhina nitida Linn., green June beetle, adult, July; from Mrs E. H. Mairs, Irvington-on-Hudson N. Y.
Pelidnota punctata Linn., spotted grapevine beetle, adult on Ampelopsis, 15 July; from J. L. Appleton, Albany N. Y.
Anomala lucicola Fabr., light-loving grapevine beetle, adults at roots of peachtree, 28 May and July; from Mrs E. H.
’
Mairs, Irvington-on-Hudson N. Y.
812 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
~
Lachnosterna fusca Frohl., May beetle, 27 May; from Eliza §. Blunt, New Russia N. Y. Larva of same on aster, 23 July; from L. renee Albany N. Y.
Geotrupes egeriei Germ., adult, 28 May; from Mrs E. H. Mairs, Irvington-on-Hudson N. Y.
Lucanus dama Thunb., stag beetle, adult, 19 July; from Prof. H. P. Whitlock, Catskill N. Y.
Ptilinus ruficornis Say, adults in maple and birch flooring, 11 July; from Dr S. B. Ward, Saranac Inn N. Y.
Melanotus communis Gyll., common snapping beetle, larva attacking potatoes, Feb.; from J. C. B., Orange county. Same 15 June; from G. G. Atwood, Albany N. Y. Same July; from Mrs E. H. Mairs, Irvington-on-Hudson N. Y.
Alaus myops Fab., adult, 5 Oct.; from H. N. Otterson, Bolton Mass. Same 9 Oct.; from Prof. F. C. Paulmier, Rens- selaerville lake, N. Y.
Alaus oculatus Linn., owl beetle, adult, 20 June; from J. Baumgarten, New York N. Y. Same 24 June; from J. D. Wasson, Altamont N. Y. Same 24 June; from Marie Walker, Athens N. Y. Same July; from Mrs E. H. Mairs, Irvington-on- Hudson N. Y. Same 10 July; from J. F. Johnson, Breakabeen INL Y::
Anthrenus verbasci Linn., museum pest, pupae and larvae feeding in stored silk worm cocoons and also strands of spun silk floss, 16 Feb.; from Miss Jennie Utter, Albany N. Y. Same adults, 17 Ap.; from B. F. Koons, Storrs Ct.
Anthrenus scrophulariae Linn. Buffalo carpet beetle, adults and larval skins on Zanzibar gum, 14 Noy.; from John Wallace, Albany N. Y.
Trogoderma ?tarsale Melsh., larval skin from old book, 5 Noy.; from G@. W. Cravens, Schenectady N. Y.
Attagenus piceus Oliv., black carpet beetle, larva in tea, 9 Feb.; from B. 0. Burgin, Albany N. Y. Larvae of same in stored silkworm cocoons, ete., 16 Feb.; from Miss Jennie Utter, Albany N.Y. Larvae of same found in garments, 26 Ap.; from Prof. F. C. Paulmier, Albany N. Y.
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 813
Anatis ocellata Linn., 15 spotted ladybug, larvae, pupae on American elm, 27 June; from M. E. Woodbridge, Bing- hamton N. Y. Same 6 July; from Mary B. Sherman, Ogdensburg Ny:
Philonthus aeneus_ Rossi., adult, in garbage heap, 11 May; from Mrs F. J. Riggs, Albany N. Y.
Dytiscus fasciventris Say, two adults in a cistern, 18 Mar.; from M. G. Thomas, Schaghticoke N. Y.
Bowdanecl lis) rupe st ris: Say, adult,-1901; from‘. A. Otterson, Berlin Mass.
Harpalus pennsylvanicus DeG., Pennsylvania ground beetle, adult, 7 June; from Marguerite Riggs, Albany N. Y. Same 1901; from C. A. Otterson, Berlin Mass.
Harpalus erraticus Say, 27 May; from Eliza S. Blunt, New Russia N. Y.
Agonoderus pallipes Fabr., adult, July; from Mrs E. H. Mairs, Irvington-on-Hudson N. Y. Same 1901; from C. A. Otterson, Berlin Mass.
Calosoma calidum Fabr., fiery hunter, adult, 15 June; from M. B. Sherman, Ogdensburg N. Y.
Calosoma scrutator Fabr., searcher, adult, 7 June; from F. J. Riggs, Albany N. Y.
Cicindela punctulata Fabr., adult, 8 Feb.; from Dr J. S. Smith, Troy N. Y.; from Kansas.
Cicindela repanda Dej., repand tiger beetle, adult, 29 May; from Eliza S. Blunt, New Russia N. Y.
Cicindela formosa Say, adult, 8 Feb.; from Dr J. A. Smith, Troy N. Y.; from Kansas.
Cicindela audubonii Lec., adult, 8 Feb.; from Dr J. A. Smith, Troy N. Y.; from Kansas.
Cicindela pulehra Say, adult, 8 Feb.; from Dr J. A. Smith, Troy N. Y.; from Kansas.
Tetracha carolina Linn., adult, 8 Feb.; from Dr J. A. Smith, Troy N. Y.; from Kansas.
814 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Diptera
Melophagus ovinus Linn., sheep tick, adult, 1901; from C. A. Otterson, Berlin Mass.
Rhagoletis cingul ata Loew., cherry fruit fly, adults and puparia on cherries, 24 July; from J. F. Hunt, Kendaia N. Y.
?Phorbia fusciceps Zett., fringed anthomyian, work on seedling beans, 7 July and 1 Aug.; from J. F. Rose, South Byron N. Y.
Pegomyia affinis Stein., from J. M. Aldrich, Moscow, Idaho; from Algonquin II].
Stomoxys calcitrans Linn., stable fly on window, 22 Nov.; from Mrs F. J. Riggs, Albany N. Y.
Sarcophaga? sgp., flesh fly, adult, 14 Sep.; from W. C. Hitchcock, Pittstown N. Y.
Cuterebra “cuniculi? Clark, the ~rabbit~ bom larva from a kitten, 19 Aug.; from D. T. Meskil, Highland Falls N. Y. Same from Belgian hare, 8 Aug.; from Fred Harris, New York.
Hypoderma lineata Villers, warble fiy, nearly full grown larvae on cattle, 13 Ap.; from G. S. Graves, Newport INNS
Eristalis tenax Linn., drone fly, pupae in water, 9 July; from §8. T. Hudson, Riverhead N. Y.
Tabanus reinwardtii Wied., adult, June 5; from Dr J. Benton Tipton, Albany N. Y. Same 10 June; from Charles Heindel, Albany N. Y.
Chrysops excitans Walk., adult, 5 June; from Dr J. Benton Tipton, Albany N. Y.
Bibio albipennis Say, white winged Bibio, adults on herbage, 29 May; from Eliza S. Blunt, New Russia N. Y.
Rhabdophaga salicis Schrk., pupae, adults on basket willow, 1 June; from H. C. Peck, Rochester N. Y.
Cecidomyia destructor Say, Hessian fly, pupae on grain, 5 and 11 June; from C. H. Stuart, Newark N. Y. Same on wheat, 15 June; from J. F. Hunt, Kendaia N. Y. Same on wheat 17 or 18 June; from Mrs A. M. A. Jackson, Belle Iste N. Y.
)
— Ol
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901
Lepidoptera
Basilarchia archippus Cram., viceroy, 2d stage larva on apple, 19 July; from P. L. Huested, Highland N. Y.
Phyciodes tharos Drury, adult, 15 July; from W. C. Hitchcock, Pittstown N. Y.
Eugonia j-album Bd.-Lec., Compton tortoise, adult. 21 Aug.; from G. S. Graves, Newport N. Y.
Kuvanessa antiopa Linn., spiny elm caterpillar, larva on willow, 17 Sep.; from G. S. Graves, Newport N. Y.
Cyaniris ?pseudargiolus Bd.-Lec., larva on apple, 4 June; from Harriet W. Smith, North Hector N. Y.
Jasoniades glaucus Linn., tiger swallowtail, adult, 15 July; from W. C. Hitchcock, Pittstown N. Y.
Heraclides cresphontes Cram., giant swallowtail, 3 larvae on prickly ash, July 8; from P. W. King, Athens N. Y. Same on fraxinella, 12 July; from C. A. Deyo, Schoharie N. Y. Same on orange, 16 July; from Virgil Bogue, Albion N. Y. Same on hop hornbeam, July; from Gen. J. H. Patterson, Selkirk N. Y. Adult of same, 23 Aug.; from Mrs Abram Lansing, Albany N. Y. Larva of same on fraxinella, 11 Sep.; from Alice G. Fisher, Batavia N.Y. Same on Dictamnus fraxinella, 17 Sep.; from 0. A. Lansing, Albany county.
Papilio polyxenes Fabr., black swallowtail, larva on caraway, 3 July; from G. S. Graves, Newport N. Y.
Amphion nessus Cram. adult, 12 June; from 0. Q. Flint, Athens N. Y.
?Thyreus abbotii Swain. the abbot sphinx, young larva on ampelopsis, 15 July; from R. Thompson, Ballston Spa Na Xs
Deilephila lineata Fabr., the white lined sphinx, adult on flowers, 26 Aug.; from F. L, Lill, East Bethlehem N. Y.
Philampelus pandorus Hiibn. pandorus sphinx; larva (parasited) on ampelopsis, 9 Sep.; from Cyrus R. Crosby, Cranberry Creek N. Y.
Ampelophaga myron Cram., green grapevine sphinx, larva on grapevine, 10 July; from T. W. King, Athens N. by
S16 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Same on Virginia creeper, 11 Aug.; from Jeanette C. Miller, Aldercreek N. Y. .
Phlegethontius celeus Hiibn., tomato or potato worm, pupa in soil, 9 May; from G. F, Bixby, Plattsburg N. Y. Same 23 May; from G. S. Graves, Newport N. Y.
Phlegethontius Ggarolina Linn. tobacco worm, larva on potato, 18 July; from C. C. Hardenbergh, Stoneridge ING Ye
Alypia octomaculata Hibn., eight spotted forester, larva on Virginia creeper, 22 July; from Mrs H. E. Robinson, North Nassau N.Y. Same 30 July; from Jeanette C. Miller, Aldercreek N. Y.
Aretia virguncula, Kirby, adult, 15 July; trom Were: Hitchcock, Pittstown N. Y.
Spilosoma virginica Fabr., yellow woolly bear, adult in spider’s web, 15 July; from G. §. Graves, Newport N. Y. Same 15 July; from W. C. Hitchcock, Pittstown N.Y. Same July; from Mrs E. H. Mairs, Irvington-on-Hudson N. Y.
Hyphantria cunea Drury, fall webworm, adult, 15 July; from W. C. Hitchcock, Pittstown N. Y. Same on catalpa, 27 Aug.; from C. L. Allen, Floral Park N. Y. Same 5 Sep.; from Hiram Van Slyke, Coxsackie N. Y. Same on many trees and shrubs, 5 Sep.; from Mrs E. H. Mairs, Irvington-on-Hudson N. ¥.
Notolophus ?antiqua Linn., egg on apple, 11 May; from B. D. Van Buren, Plattsburg N. Y.
Notolophus .leucastigma “bbs & (Smo wee marked tussock moth, male, July; from Mrs E, H. Mairs, Irving- ton-on-Hudson N.Y. Same, female and recently laid eggs, 2 Oct.; from M. W. Van Denburg, Mount Vernon N. Y. Larvae were abundant the last three weeks of September, the females beginning to spin up the last week of September.
Sibine stimulea Clem., saddle back caterpillar, larvae, 24 Aug.; from 0. Q. Flint, Athens N. Y. Same on beet leaves, 17 Sep.; from J. B., Greenwich Ct.
Datana ministra Drury, yellow necked appletree cat- erpillar, larvae on quince, 10 Aug.: from ©. H. Peck, Menands i. Ys
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 317
O
Datana integerrima Gr. & Rob., larvae on walnut, 6 Aug.; from Washington Rodman, Astoria N.Y. Same larvae and pupae on hickory 13 and 21 Aug.; from B. F. Koons, Storrs Ct. Same 51 Aug.; from Leigh I. Holdredge, Oneonta N. Y.
Schizura concinna Abb. & Sm., red humped apple- tree worm, larva on apple 22 July; from Mrs H. E. Robinson, North Nassau N. Y. Same 30 July from H. D. Lewis, Annandale We
Samia cecropia Linn., cecropia moth, adult, 21 June; from Mary B. Sherman, Ogdensburg N.Y. Same 2 July; from Minnie Green, Albany N. Y.
Automeris io Fabr., io moth, adult, 13 June; from J. P. Van Ness, East Greenbush N.Y. Same larva, 23 July; from Harriet M. Smith, North Hector N.Y. Same larvae on apple, 26 July;.from V. P. D. Lee, Altamont N. Y.
Anigota senatoria Abb. & Sm., orange striped oak worm, larva dead on pin oak (Quercus palustris) 30 Aug.; from L. Menand, Albany N. Y.
ClistoOGcampa americana Fabr., appletree tent caterpillar, adult, 15 July; from W. C. Hitchcock, Pittstown N. Y. Same, adult, July; from Mrs E. H. Mairs, Irvington-on-Hudson INS Y..
Clisiocampa disstria Hiibn., forest tent-caterpillar, larvae on apple, 11 May; from G. F. White, Preston Hollow N. Y. Same, larva, on elm 30 May; from Rhoda Thompson, Ballston Spa Y. ¥. Same, cocoons, 30 July; from H. D. Lewis, Annandale pe
Tolype laricis Fitch, larch lappet caterpillar from under a plumtree, 30 July; from J. H. Clark, Coldwater N. Y.
Prionoxystus robiniae Peck, oak carpenter moth,
larvae in sugar maples, 1 Dec.; from Mary B. Sherman, Ogdens-
burg N. Y. Over 20 half and full grown larvae were taken from
is
one tree. Same, larvae in ash trunk, 8 June and adults, 28 June; from M. F. Adams, Buffalo N. Y.
Zeuzera pyrina Fabr., leopard moth, larva in imported quince seedlings, 29 Jan.; from C. H. Stuart, Newark N. Y.
818 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Mamestra picta Harr., zebra caterpillar, larvae on red raspberry, 20 June; from F, J. Hunt, Kendaia N. Y.
Hydroecia nitela Guen., stalk-borer, larva on rasp- berry, 17 July; from Mrs H. E, Robinson, North Nassau N. Y.
Euthisanotia grata Fabr., beautiful wood nymph, moth, 15 July; from W. C. Hitchcock, Pittstown N. Y.
Plusia balluca Geyer, adult, 15 July; from W. C. Hitch- cock, Pittstown N. Y.
Plusia simplex Guen., celery plusia, larvae on celery, 14 Oct.; from L. Balderston, Colora Md.
Catocala amatrix Hiibn., adult, 14 Sep.; from W. C. Hitchcock, Pittstown N. Y.
Paleacrita vernata Pack., spring canker worm, eggs, larvae on appletree, 6 May; from J. F. Hunt, Kendaia N. Y. The eggs were just hatching, and the living female received de- posited a number of eggs.
Alsophila pometaria Harr., fall canker worm, larvae on apple, 15 May; from Mrs A. M. A. Jackson, Belle Isle N. Y.
Evergestis stramenalis Hibn., black headed cab- bage worm, larva on turnip, 3 and 13 July; from G. S. Graves, Newport N. Y.
Plodia interpunetel la Hiibn., Indian meal moth, all stages in a box of roasted oats, 18 Feb.; from Mrs F. J. Riggs, Albany N. Y.
Cacoecia ?rosaceana Harr., oblique banded leaf- roller, adult, July; from Mrs E. H. Mairs, Irvington-on-Hudson N.Y. Same, larvae on maple, 6 Aug.; from Hugh P. Blackinton, Hoosick Falls N. Y.
Tmetocera ocellana Schiff., bud moth, larvae on apple, 15 May; from Mrs A. M. A. Jackson, Belle Isle N. Y.
Phoxopteris nubeculana Clem., apple leaf-folder, larva on apple, 27 Oct.; from J. Jay Barden, Fredonia N. Y.
Carpocapsa pomonella Linn., codling moth, larva on quince, 12 July; from §. B Strong, Setauket N. Y.
Sitotroga cerealella Oliv., grain moth, all stages in a cereal, 11 Mar.; from Albany camera club, Albany N. Y.
REPORT OF THE STATH ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 819
Ornix geminatella Pack., mines in apple leaves, 29 - Oct.; from J. Jay Barden, Fredonia N. Y. They were so abun- dant that there was scarcely a perfect leaf in the orchard.
Coleophora malivorella Riley, pistol case-bearer, larvae on appletree, 6 May; from J. F. Hunt, Kendaia N. Y.
Coleophora limosipennella Dup., larvae on Euro- pean elm, 15 June; from E. T. Schoonmaker, New York N. Y
?Catastega aceriella Clem., work of larvae on hard maple, 13 Aug.; from Jeanette C. Miller, Aldercreek N. Y.
Lithocolletis pomifoliella Zell., thorn apple leaf- miner, mines in apple leaves, 29 Oct.; from J. Jay Barden, Fre- donia N. Y.
Bucculatrix canadensisellaCham., birch leaf Buc- culatrix, larvae and pupae very abundant on birch, 3 Sep.; from Mrs H. D. Graves, Ausable Forks N. Y. Same, larvae on white birch, exceedingly abundant, 11 Sep.; from Mary B. Sherman, Ogdensburg N. Y.
Mecoptera
Panorpa confusa Westw., scorpion fly, adults taken at Sandusky O., 29 June; from J. 8. Hine, Columbus O.
Panorpa venosa Westw., scorpion fly, adults taken at Hanging Rock O., 27 June; from J. §. Hine, Columbus O.
Bittacus punctiger Westw,, adults, taken in Dis- trict of Columbia, 18 July; from J. 8. Hine, Columbus O.
Bittacus apicalis Uhl., adults taken at Sandusky O., 12 July; from J. §. Hine, Columbus O.
Neuroptera
Chauliodes pectinicornis Linn., adults, 15 July; from W. C. Hitchcock, Pittstown N. Y.
Corydalis cornuta Linn., horned Corydalis, adult, 5 July; from F. §. Tinney, Albany N. Y. Same, 10 July; from A. T. Laird, Albany N. Y. Same, adult, 15 July; from A. H. Green, Shushan N. Y. Same, adult, 15 July; from H. D. Lewis, Annan- dale N. Y.
820 NEW YORK STATEH MUSEUM
Hemiptera
Acanthosoma cruciata? Say, last nymphal stage, on hemlock, 20 Aug.; from Eliza §. Blunt, summit of Mt Hurri- cane, N. Y.
Anasa tristis DeGeer, squash bug, eggs, adults on: squash, 29 June; from Schoharie county. Same, 10 July;. from Rhoda Thompson, Ballston Spa N. Y.? Work of same and first nymphal stage, on squash or melon, 15 Aug.; from Mrs C. C. Woolworth, Castleton N. Y. Nymph of same, 19 Aug.; from George S. Graves, Newport N. Y.
Blissus Jeucopterus Say, chinch bug, adult on timothy, 7 Sep.; from James M. Graff, Westport N. Y.
Leptopterna dolobrata Linn., adults, on wheat, 27 June; from C. H. Stuart, Newark N. Y.
Lygus pratensis Linn., tarnished plant bug, 8 Sep.;: from Miss Eliza S. Blunt, New Russia N. Y.
Poecilocapsus lineatus Fabr., four lined leaf bug,
adults on chrysanthemum, 26 June; from E. T. Schoonmaker,. Cedar* HillsNe Ye
Triphleps insidiosus Say, 8 Sep.; from Miss Eliza S. Blunt, New Russia N. Y.
Acanthia lectularia Linn., bed bug, adult, 19 Feb.; from John Wallace, Albany N. Y.
Phymata wolffii Stal., ambush bug, adult, 12 Aug.; from G. A. Baily, Cardiff. N. Y.
Emesa longipes DeGeer, thread legged bug, adult, 16 Sep.; from 0. Q. Flint, Athens N. Y.
Benacus griseus Say, giant water bug, adult, 17 June; from Mrs M. B. Witherell, Shushan N. Y.
Typhlocyba comes var. vitis Harr., grapevine leaf hopper, cast skins on grape leaves, 15 Noy.; from Alice M. Gardner, Fulton N. Y.
Poeciloptera septentrionalis Spin., grape Poe- ciloptera, adult accidentally on celery, 14 Oct.:; from L. Balder- ston, Colora Md. 3 |
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 821
Ormenis pruinosa Say, lightning leaf hopper, young on pear, currant, ? plantain, 10 July; from G. S. Clark, Milton N. Y. Nymph of same on grape, 24 July; from J. F. Hunt, Kendaia N. Y.
Enchenopa binotata Say, two spotted tree hopper, adults on bittersweet, 30 July; from Dr Henry Coffin, Glens Falls, INS GY.
Haematopinus eurysternus Nitzs., short-nosed cattle louse, eggs and adults on cattle hairs, 6 Feb.: from Dr C. D. Smead Ohio.
Phylloxera caryaecaulis Fitch, hickory gall aphis, all stages in hickory galls, 8 June; from H. N. Howe, Bedford Station N. Y.
Phylloxera vitifoliae Fitch, grape Phylloxera, galls on grape leaves, 7 Sep.; from Miss M. L. Williams, Sherburne, N. Y.; adults and young of same in grape galls, 27 Sep.; from J. Jay Barden, Fredonia N. Y.
Pemphigus tessellatus Fitch, alder blight, on Ger- man alder (imported) and the native species 24 June; from H. C. Peck, Rochester N. Y.
Schizoneura americana Riley, woolly elm aphis, young and adults on American elm, 30 May; from Rhoda Thomp- son, Ballston Spa N. Y.
Phyllaphis fagi Linn., beech aphis, on red beech, 20 June; from Mrs C. J. Gould, Tarrytown N. Y.
Callipterus ulmifolii Monell, elm leaf aphis, exuviae
on American elm, 27 June; from M. E. Woodbridge, Binghamton N. Y. Same 15 June; from A. H. Wright, Rome N. Y.
Myzus cerasi Fabr., cherry aphis, all stages on cherry, 12 June; from C. A. Wieting, Cobleskill N. Y.
Myzusribis Linn., currant aphis, females on currant, 4 May; from L. I. Holdredge, Oneonta N. Y. Young of same, 1 June; from J. B. Rice, Cambridge N. Y. Same, 12 June; front C. A. Wieting, Cobleskill N. Y.
Chionaspis euonymi Comst., on Celastrus scandens, 20 Dec.; from P. L. Huested, Blauvelt N. Y.
822 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Chionaspis furfura Fitch, scurfy bark louse, adults and eggs on baldwin apples (fruit), 24 Noy.; from ? C. J. Lisk, New Baltimore N. Y.
Chionaspis ?lintneri Comst., on Cornus, 19 Mar.; from H. C. Peck, Rochester N. Y. Probably same, 15 Sep.; from P. L. Huested, Buffalo N. Y.
Chionaspis pinifoliae Fitch, pine leaf scale insect, adults on white pine needles, 30 Oct.; from Spencer Trask, Saratoga Springs N. Y.
Mytilaspis pomorum Bouché, appletree bark louse, eggs under scales on Pennsylvania maple, 10 Feb., eggs of same on Crataegus, 1 June, and young on apple, 8 June; all from G. S. Graves, Newport N. Y. Eggs of same on apple, 15 Ap.; from C. E. Childs, Mayfield, N. Y. 4 May; from W. M. Phipps, Albion N. Y. 9 May; from Cyrus Crosby, Cranberry Creek N. Y. Eggs of same on lilac, 9 May; from C. A. Hall, Oak Hill N. Y. Probably same on syringa imported from Germany, 24 June; from H. C. Peck, Highland park, Rochester N. Y. Same on ash,30. Aug.; from J. T. Gaylord, Poughkeepsie N. Y.
Parlatoria viridis Ckll., on Japanese maple, 26 Ap.; from H. C. Peck, Rochester N. Y. ;
Aulacaspis rosae Sandb., rose scale, on blackberry, 27 Mar.; from J. Jay Barden, Stanley N. Y. Same with eggs, on black raspberry, 10 May; from William Trimble, Concordville
2a. Same on blackberry, 3 June; from Hudson N. Y.
Diaspis cacti Comst. cactus scale, all stages on night blooming cereus, Cereus grandiflora, 7 Nov; from L. H. Joutel, New York N. Y.
Aspidiotus ancylus Putn, Putnam’s scale, on nectarine and pear, 10 May; from Edward Moore, Loudonville N. Y. Same on apple, 24 June; from B. D. Van Buren, Union Springs N. Y. Same, adults and young on purple-leafed beech, 26 July; from P. L. Huested, Menands N. Y. Same on mountain ash, 6 Aug. from H. C. Peck, Rochester N. Y.
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 823
Aspidiotus forbesi Johns. cherry scale on Japan plum, 10 June; from D. C. Lee, Cornwall N. Y. Same on apple, 30 Aug.; from P. L. Huested, Crescent Station N. Y.
Aspidiotus ostreaeformis Cutt. English fruit tree scale insect, on apple, 6 June; from B. D. Van Buren, Union Springs N. Y. Same with probably some A. ancylus on currant, 15 June; from C. H. Darrow, Geneva N. Y. Adult female of same, on ? willow and ? plum, 16 July from Mr Van Buren, Scipioville N. Y. Adults and young of same on willow, 20 July, and adults of same, on Carolina poplar, 5 Aug.; from J. Jay Barden, Fredonia N. Y. Same on plum, 6 Aug.; from H. ¢. Peck, Rochester N. Y.
Aspidiotus perniciosus Comst., San José seale, breeding on peach, 19 Oct.; from E. M. Wilson, Babylon N. Y. Same on Japan plum, 27 Nov.; from A. M. Halstead, Rye N. Y. Young of same on plum, 25 Feb.; from Dr Edward Moore, Loudon- ville N. Y. Young of same on apple, 29 Ap.; from J. A. Hep- worth, Marlboro N. Y. 13 July; from L. L. Morrell, Kinderhook N. Y. Same on Japan quince, 6 May; from J. A. Paine, New York N. Y. Same, half grown, on flowering prune, 8 June; from H. N. Howe, Bedford Station N. Y., through Country gentleman. Same on Japan plum, 17 June; from L. F. Brown, near Highland NSY¥:
Aspidiotus uvae Comst., on grapevine, 26 Mar.; from J. L. Cooper, Nashville Tenn., through Country gentleman.
Asterolecanium yariolosum Ratz. golden-oak scale, on white oak, 16 Sep.; from I. 0. C., Yonkers N. Y., through Country gentleman.
Lecanium cerasifex Fitch, cherry Lecanium on apple, 25 Mar.; from M. H. Beckwith, Elmira N. Y.
Lecanium hesperidum Linn. young and adults on fern, 22 Mar.: from J. D. Winne, Kingston N. Y. Same on orange, 19 Aug.; from J. W. Knapp, Warwick N. Y.
Lecanium ? prunastri Fonse. New York plum Lecanium, young on plum, 13 Ap.; from M. H. Beckwith, Elmira N. Y. 22 June; from C. H. Darrow, Geneva N. Y.
824 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Gossyparia ulmi Geoff., Elm bark louse, adult on elm, 17 June; from H. C. Peck, Rochester N. Y.
Orthoptera
Oecanthus niveus DeGeer, white flower cricket, eggs in raspberry canes, 31 Dec.; from C. G. Babcock, Newport N. Y. Eggs of same in peach twigs, 7 Feb.; from H. C. Peck, Scotts- ville N. Y. Adult of same, 14 Sep.; from W. C. Hitchcock, Pitts- town N. Y.
Microcentrum retinervis Burm., angular winged katydid, eggs, on plum, 18 June; from Austin W. Va., through Vick publishing co. Rochester N. Y.
Diapheromera femorata Say, walking stick, adult, 26 Oct.; from Harry W. Riggs, Albany N. Y.
Mantis religiosa Linn., praying mantis, 127 egg cases on grass stalks, etc., 8 Ap.; from H. F. Atwood, Rochester N. Y.
Ischnoptera pennsylvanica DeGeer, wood cock- roach, young in decayed wood, 31 Jan.; from Henry L. Griffis, Newpaltz N. Y.
Nyctoboro ?holosericea Klug. young probably on bananas, 13 Ap.; from J. M. Dolph, Port Jervis N. Y.
Corrodentia
Psocus venosus Burm. on maple, 13 Aug.; from B. F. Koons, Storrs Ct. Thysanura Thermobia furnorum Roy., silver fish, adult among papers, etc., 5 Noy.; from @. W. Cravens, Schenectady N. Y. Smynthurus hortensis Fitch, garden flea, adults on melon and squash, 31 May; from C. E. Ford, Oneonta N. Y.
Arachnida
Phytoptus ulmi Garm., elm gall mite on American elm, 8 June; from G. 8. Graves, Newport N. Y.
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 825
Appendix
ACCOUNT AND CATALOGUE OF THE ENTOMOLOGIC EXHIBIT AT THE PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSTION 1901
Official awards
Gold medal. Collective exhibit of insects
Silver medals. Forest and shade tree insects; entomologic technical collection; wing frame exhibit showing work of ento- mologist.
Several things were kept in mind in the preparation of this collection. It was designed primarily to be of the greatest pos- sible value to all those who are obliged to control insects or suffer financial loss; and, to accomplish this, insects injurious to the different crops and to various products were given a very prominent place in the exhibit. These injurious species are also represented, so far as possible, in their different stages, egg, larva, pupa and adult, and any peculiarities of habit (specially those bearing on the character of the injury) are illus- trated. Thus in looking over the exhibit of injurious forms, the visitor has before him an epitome of the life of the depre- dator. He sees not only the insect in its injurious stage but also in its other forms, and in a few moments he can grasp many of the essential facts in the life history of a pest. The illustrations of the work of the injurious species are frequently very helpful in enabling a farmer to recognize the author of what was to him previously a mysterious injury. A catalogue of the collection was also prepared, and its value much enhanced by the addition of references to the principal notices -of economic groups and also of individual species, thus making it practically a reference book to the latest and most accessible
-accounts of the various pests represented, and, in addition to
826 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
this, brief directions are given for controlling the various forms. The enormous number of injurious insects, even in New York state, made it imperative that the exhibit should be limited to the more important forms, and that the insects selected be grouped in a manner easily comprehended by the general public; they are therefore arranged under various important food plants, etc., and each group receives special notice under an appropriate head.
There are many who are interested in insect life for other than economic reasons. Students of entomology will find much of interest in the systematic collection, in which are native representatives of all the more important families, and begin- ners will derive much aid in the care of their specimens from a study of the technical collection. Those attracted by the peculiar or beautiful in nature will find much of interest in the collection of the work of gall insects, in the mimicry col- lection and in the collection of New York beauties, the latter being an assemblage of some of the more beautiful native but- terflies and moths. The wing frames and framed photographs present by means of statistics and illustrations some of the more important activities of the office. The entire exhibit can now be seen at the state museum, Albany N. Y.
Fruit tree insects (nos. 1-238). This collection of 23 different species includes some of the most important insect enemies of man, such as the codling moth, a species causing an estimated annual loss in New York state alone of about $3,000,000, the plum curculio, appletree borers (both exceedingly destructive), rose beetle, appletree tent-caterpillar, case-bearers and others, all insects causing much loss annually to fruit growers. Many of these pests have been repeatedly noticed in the reports and bulletins issued by the state entomologist, and, for excellent accounts of individual species, the reader is referred to the citations given in the appended catalogue.
Vine and small fruit insects (nos. 24-41). This group comprises 18 of the most injurious forms depredating on the grapevine, currant, raspberry and other small fruits. One of the most important species represented is the grapevine root worm, a
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 827
beetle which has already caused considerable loss in the west- ern part of the state and one which threatens to do much injury in the future. The grapevine flea beetle is another pest which demands special mention in this connection. The grapevine plume moth, the currant sawfly and the tarnished plant bug are all familiar in a way to many growers, and yet few com- prehend fully the actual mischief they cause. Many of those included in this and following groups have been figured and briefly described in bulletin 37 of the New York state museum.
Garden insects. (nos. 42-68). This group is represented by 27 species which injuriously affect one or more of the crops com- monly grown in gardens. In it are found such notorious pests as wireworms, cutworms, cabbage butterfly, blister beetles, cucumber beetles, flea beetles, asparagus beetles, squash bugs, ete. Many of them are very common, and not a few are exceed- ingly destructive, in spite of the fact that in most cases there are a number of well-known methods of keeping these pests in control. Most of these forms are treated of in the reports of the state entomologist, and many of them in the state museum bulletin 37, cited above.
Grass and grain insects (nos. 69-83). This group contains only 15 species, but in it are represented some exceedingly destructive insects. The June beetles, or white grubs, are probably as destructive as some of the species feared much more, but, as the injury they cause is usually a constant one, it attracts little attention as a rule. The army worm outbreak of 1896 is still fresh in the minds of many, while the Hessian fly has this year caused an estimated loss in New York of $3,000,000, or about half the crop. The chinch bug is another of the notorious enemies to prosperity, proving most injurious in the southern and western states, though in 1882 and 1883 it threatened to cause considerable loss in New York state. A very good account of this outbreak is given by the late Dr Lintner in his second report as state entomologist. A number of species of grasshoppers are also included, since they not infrequently cause great mischief in various sections of the state.
828 NEW YORK STATP MUSEUM
Household insects (nos. 84-99). The species represented in this group are but 16 in number, yet many a housewife would prefer to fight two or three less prolific pests, rather than any one of several which may be named in the list. Recent investigations have shown that not only is the common house fly a nuisance about the house, but also that it is a menace to the good health of the community. A reduction of its numbers is compara- tively easy. The cheese skipper, noticed in detail in the 12th report of the state entomologist, is of much interest to cheese makers. The croton bug, cockroach, carpet beetles, clothes moths and other familiar pests in the home have been treated briefly by the state entomologist in the transactions of the New York state agricultural society for 1899.
Insects affecting stored food products (nos. 100-8). This small group, comprising but nine species, includes some very injuri- ous forms. The most important are, the grain moth (a species which has caused considerable injury to wheat on Long Island and adjacent localities last year and this), the bean weevils and the cigarette beetle. Most of these insects breed readily in various dried food products and not infrequently they are sources of annoyance in the house. Most of these species have been briefly treated in bulletin 37 of the New York state museum.
Beneficial insects (nos. 109-63). This is an exceedingly import- ant group which is represented in the collection by 55 different species. A series of forms which carry pollen from one plant to another is shown in order to emphasize this function of insects. It may well be considered as one of the most important exercised by them. A few of the many beneficial parasites and predaceous enemies of insects are included, so that the farmer and others may have some idea of the appear- ance of beneficial forms. The mulberry silkworm and some of its allies comprise the portion of this group devoted to species of direct value or benefit to man.
Seale insects, Coccidae (nos. 164-202). This exceedingly important group differs so widely from all other insects that its
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 829
members were brought together in one collection, that the com- parative differences between them might be more easily seen. The 39 species represented include, among others, the two very common and injurious forms known as the appletree bark louse _and the scurfy bark louse. The notorious San José scale insect is well represented, and its close allies, the English fruit tree scale insect, the cherry scale insect and Putnam’s scale insect, also find a place in the collection. These more important enemies of fruit trees have been treated of in considerable detail and admirably illustrated in colors in bulletin 46 of the New York state museum. Another very important scale insect included here is the elm bark louse, a species which is noticed in some detail and illustrated in colors in the 5th report of the fisheries, game and forest commissioners of New York.
Forest insects (nos. 203-51). This very important group is represented in the collection by 49 species, the result mostly of recent collections made in the state. Dr A. D. Hopkins, who is a recognized authority on this subject, estimates the total annual loss caused by insects in this country in forest and forest products at the enormous sum of $25,000,000. This is a group to which comparatively little attention had been paid in New York till the state entomologist took up the study of it several years ago. Among the more important forms represented in this collection may be mentioned the pine “sawyer,” a large grub which frequently causes much injury to logs allowed to lie for some time in mill yards. A number of species of bark- borers are represented. They are of special interest, because several of them are quite injurious to soft woods in the Adiron- dacks, while other species are killing pine in the Hudson river valley and on Long Island. The forest tent-caterpillar, the pest which has been ravaging our hard maples in recent years, is well represented in the collection, along with some of its natural enemies. A summary account of this insect, illus- trated by colored figures, has been given by the state ento- mologist in the 4th report of the fisheries, game and forest com-
missioners of New York. ;
830 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Shade tree insects (nos. 252-67). This group, illustrated by 16 species, naturally comes very close to the preceding. It has been limited largely in the present instance to those species which are rarely of economic importance except when attacking shade trees; and, as these are among our most valuable assets, the group is of great economic importance. It includes such de- structive pests as the sugar maple borer, leopard moth, elm bark pborer,elm bark louse,elm leaf beetle, white marked tussock moth, bag worm, and others, all very injurious to highly prized shade trees. Most of them can be controlled without excessive expense. For detailed accounts of these pests the reader is referred to the New York state museum bulletins 20 and 27, to the 12th report of the state entomologist and to his papers in the 4th and 5th reports of the fisheries, game and forest commissioners of New York.
Work of gall insects (nos. 268-97). This is a small collection of deformities produced in plants by 30 species of insects belong- ing to three different orders. It illustrates the effect a com paratively insignificant insect may have on plant tissues, and in the study of the collection a number of interesting biologic problems are presented to the mind of the student.
Systematic collection (nos. 298-931). This assemblage of 634 species occupies nearly one third of the entire space devoted to the display of insects. It is arranged according to what are believed to be the natural affinities of the species. That is, the more closely related are put next to each other, so far as possible. There is nothing very new in the collection, but it accomplishes its object in giving the casual observer some idea of the immense number and variety of forms found in the insect world. Such a collection can make no pretense to completeness, as will be seen at once, when it is remembered that our best authorities estimate that between one and 10 million different species of insects now exist in the world. It has special value, however, to residents of New York state, since the more common native forms are very fully represented. This is of particular advantage
in showing to some extent how many insects occur in a locality,
ee
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 831
and the sight of these should serve as a stimulus to the young collector. This part of the exhibit should also aid materially in the identification of native forms by comparison. The common names of orders, families, groups and species, where well recog- nized ones occur, have received a prominent place, so that the nonscientific may not be discouraged by labels bearing only unfamiliar Latin names, and those who will use only scientific names, will find them readily, even though written in smaller characters. A more definite idea of this collection may be ob- tained by the following figures. The bee and the wasp family is represented by 67 species, beetles, by 213 species, two winged flies (Diptera) by 55 species, butterflies, by 69 species, moths, by 106 species, true bugs, by 44 species (to which should be added the 39 species of scale insects put in a special collection) and the grasshopper family, by 20 species. The smaller orders like the fleas, caddis flies, Thrips, white ants, stone flies, dragon flies, May flies, etc., are represented by relatively fewer species. This part of the exhibit contains by far the largest number of species, and, in order to get the most out of it, considerable time should be given to the groups most interesting to the individual observer.
Collection illustrating protective mimicry (nos. 932-46). This is a small lot, comprising but 15 species. It is an exceedingly pretty assemblage of insects, and, though individuals may dis- agree as to the method by which such interesting adaptations are brought about, no one can fail to admire the collection as a whole and to be interested in the striking illustrations of pro- tective mimicry.
New York beauties (nos. 947-61). This small assemblage of only 15 native species was brought together for the purpose of show- ing some of the beautiful forms occurring in our state.
Technical collection (nos. 962-1021). This consists of over 60 different articles arranged to show the best methods and ap- paratus for the collection and preservation of insects. It is an exceedingly important subject to the amateur entomologist; and, as most of the articles exhibited are comparatively inexpensive,
and as many homemade devices are included in the collection,
832 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
this portion of the exhibit can not fail to be of interest and of great practical value to those making collections of insects.
Framed photographs (nos. 1022-26). This series is largely his- torical in nature, as enlarged photographs of the two early official entomologists of the state and the residence and work building, or “ bug house,” of the New York pioneer in economic entomology occupy prominent places in the collection. While all of these are of importance, because the public should be interested in the features of prominent scientific men, the two latter photographs are exceedingly valuable, because they con- stitute a graphic record of the conditions under which the study of insects was first pursued by a New York state official.
Wing frames (1027-52). The tables and illustrations displayed on the wing frames give a general idea of the main activities. of the office. Besides organization, list of publications, table of correspondence, ete., most of the wing frames are occupied with some of the more important original illustrations prepared in the office, thus giving in a graphic manner some idea of the number and variety of insects studied.
Publications. This exhibit includes all of the more important publications of the state entomologist and his predecessor, the entomologist of the New York state agricultural society. The Fitch reports, as they are commonly termed, and the reports of the state entomologist contain many detailed, illustrated notices of our most important insect pests. The entomologic bulletins of the state museum, except a few of the later ones. devoted to the report of the entomologist, usually treat of a well related group and are as a rule of more service to the practical, non-entomologic person than independent notices in various reports or in separate bulletins. The reference to the more accessible, important notices of injurious insects listed in the appended catalogue should prove invaluable in directing the general public to the desired information in these reports and bulletins.
A copy of the catalogue is appended to this account and
should be consulted for further information in regard to the collection.
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901
C Co ie)
CATALOGUE FRUIT TREE INSECTS (1-23) General works on the group
Fitch, Asa. Noxious and other insects of New York. 3d rep’t, 56. p. 3-119.
Saunders, William. Insects injurious to fruits. Lippincott. Phila. 789. p. 1-436.
Weed, C. M. Insects and insecticides. Published by the author, Han- over N. H. ’91. p. 1-281.
Smith, J. B. Economic entomology. Lippincott. Phila. ’96. p. 1-481.
1 Codling moth, Carpocapsa pomonella Linn. Prin- cipal food plants: apple, pear.
Treatment: Spray with poison soon after the petals have fallen, destroy fallen fruit, trap larvae under bands.
Chief accessible articles: Comstock, J. H. U. S. dep’t agrice. Rep’t, 79. p. 253-55; Howard, L. 0. 87. p. 88; Lintner, J. A., state ent. 9th rep’t, ’92. p. 338-42; Slingerland, M. V. Cornell agric. exp, sta. Bul. 142. ’98. p. 1-69; Felt, E. P. N. Y. state agric. soc. Trans. 799: 59: 276-77.
2 Bumble flower beetle, Euphoria inda Linn. Principal
food plants: peaches, corn.
Treatment: hand picking.
Chief accessible article: Lintner, J. A., state ent. Ist rep’t, ’82. p. 282-39.
3 Plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar Herbst. Principal food plant: plum.
Treatment: Destroy the beetles after jarring them from the trees.
Chief accessible articles: Riley, C. V. and Howard, L. 0. U.S. dep’t agric. Rep’t, ’88. p. 57; Lintner, J. A., state ent. 7th rep't, 91. p. 288-96.
4 Pear midge, Diplosis pyrivora Riley. Principal food plant: pear.
Treatment: Destroy infested fruit before maggots escape.
Chief accessible articles: Riley, C. V. U. S. dep’t agriec. Rep’t, 85. p. 283-89; Lintner, J. A., state ent. 8th rep’t, “91. p. 140-51.
854 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
5 Round-headed appletree borer, Saperda candida Fabr. Principal food plant: appletree.
Treatment: Dig out borers, protect trunk with paper or wire netting, use carbolic-soap washes.
Chief accessible articles: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 5th rept, oie OF 269-71; Chittenden, F. H. U.S. dep’t agric. div. ent. Cire. 32, 2dis. 798. -p. 1-8:
6 Flat-headed appletree borer, Chrysobothris femo- rata Fabr. Principal food plants: apple, pear and plum trees.
Treatment: carbolic-soap washes, digging borers out.
Chief accessible article: Chittenden, F. H. U. S. dep’t agric. div. ent. Circ. 32, 2d s. ’98. p. 9-12.
6a Peach tree borer, Sanninoidea exitiosa Say. Principal food plant: peach.
Treatment: Apply washes between June 5 and July 1 or use protective bands and supplement by digging out borers.
Chief accessible articles: Fitch, Asa. Noxious and other in-
sects. N. Y. lst rep’t, p. 108-117; Lintner, J. A., state ent. Sth
rep't, ‘91. p. 181-86; Slingerland, M. V. Cornell agric. exp. sta. eal ion 2095 9.8192:
7 Pear blight beetle, Xyleborus dispar Fabr. Prin- cipal food plant: peartree. ;
Treatment: Cut and burn infested limbs, keep trees vigorous.
Chief accessible articles: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 7th rep’t, 791. p. 348-51; Hubbard, H. G. U. S. dep’t agric. div. ent. Bul 7, 0.8. 97. p. 22-28.
8 Fruit tree bark beetle, Scolytus rugulosus Ratz. Principal food plants: peach, plum, cherry trees.
Treatment: Cut and burn badly infested limbs, keep trees vigorous.
Chief accessible articles: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 4th rep’t, °88. p. 103-7; Chittenden, F. H. U.S. dep’t agric. diy. ent. Cire. 29, 2d s. 798. p. 1-8.
9 Rose beetleye Macrodactylus subspinosus Fabr. Principal food plants: fruit trees and rosebushes.
— ss SC
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 835
Treatment: Spray beetles with whale oil soap, 4 pound to 1 gallon water, dust plants with plaster, ashes, ete.; hand picking.
Chief accessible articles: Lintner, J. A., state ent. Ist rep’t, ’82. p. 227-32; Chittenden, F. H. U. S. dep’t agric. div. ent. Cire. 11, 2d s. 95. p. 1-4; Marlatt, C. L. U. S. dep’t agric. Yearbook. °95. p. 396-98.
10 Appletree tent-caterpillar, Clisiocampa americana Fabr. Principal food plants: wild cherry, appletrees.
Treatment: Collect and destroy egg belts, kill young while in nests, spray with poison in early spring.
Chief accessible articles: Felt, E. P., state ent. 14th rep’t (N. Y. pedtemmilc, itl, 25). 798: p. 177-90; N. Y. state mus: Bul. 27: “99, p. 46-48; Lowe, V. H. N. Y. agric. exp. sta. Bul. 152. 798. p. 281-98; Beach, Lowe and Stewart. N. Y. agric. exp. sta. Bul. Pitreve. p.o59-90; Felt, E. P. N. Y. state agric. soc. Trans. 799. 59: 271-72.
11 Pimpla conquisitor Say, a parasite on the above.
12 Gipsy moth, Porthetria dispar Linn. Principal food plants: fruit, oak, maple and other forest trees.
Treatment: Collect and destroy eggs, kill clustered larvae, spray with arsenate of lead.
Chief accessible articles: Fernald, C. H. Mass. (Hatch) agrie. exp. sta. Special bul. Nov. ’89. p. 1-8; Forbush, E. H., and Fernald, €.H. Mass. state board agric. Rept’s 1892-1900; Lintner, J. A., state ent. 9th rep’t, 792. p. 420-26; Howard, L. 0. U.S. dep’t agric. div. ent. Bul. 11, n. s. ’97. p. 1-39; Forbush, E. H. U. 8. dep’t agric. div. ent. Bul. 20, n. s. 799. p. 104-7; Felt, E. P., state ent. 16th rep’t, 00 (N. Y. state mus. Bul. 36). p. 955-62.
13 Brown tail moth, Euproctis chrysorrhoea Linn. Principal food plants: pear, apple, quince.
Treatment: Cut and burn wirter nests, spray trees with poison.
Chief accessible articles: Fernald, C. H., and Kirkland, A. H. Mass. (Hatch) agric. exp. sta. Special bul. July “97. p, 1-15; U.S. dep’t agric. div. ent. Bul. 17, n. 8. 98. p. 24-82.
836 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
14 Palmer worm, Ypsolophus pometellus Harris. Principal food plant: appletree.
Treatment: Spray with poison in early June.
Chief accessible articles: Fitch, Asa. Noxious, and beneficial insects N. Y. 1st—2d rep’ts, ’56. p. 221-33; Lowe, V. H. Rural New Yorker, July 14, ’00, 59: 477-78; Slingerland, M. V. Cornell agric. exp. sta. Bul. 187. 700. p. 81-101; Felt, E. P., state ent. 16th rep’t, ’00. p. 962-66.
15 Oblique banded leaf-roller, Cacoecia rosaceana Harris. Principal food plant: appletree.
Treatment: Spray early with poison.
Chief accessible notice: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 12th rep’t, 796. p. 312.
16 Apple leaf-folder, Phoxopteris nubeculana Clem. Principal food plant: appletree.
Treatment: Burn infested leaves.
Chief accessible article: Riley, C. V. U. S. dep’t agriec. Rep’t,. "78. p. 84-35.
17 Pistol case-bearer, Coleophora malivorella Riley. Principal food plant: appletree.
Treatment: Spray thoroughly with poison in early spring.
Chief accessible articles: Riley, C. V. U. S. dep’t agric. Rep’t, "78. p. 48-49; Lintner, J. A., state ent. Ist rep’t, ’82. p. 163-673. Lowe, V. H. N. Y. state agric. soc. Trans. ’96. p. 352-61; Slinger- land, M. V. Cornell agric. exp. sta. Bul. 124. ’97. p. 1-16; Hall, FE. H. N. Y. agric. exp. sta. Bul. 122. ’97. p. 1-5; Lowe, Vie N. Y. agric. exp. sta. Bul. 122. ’97. p. 221-81.
18 Cigar case-bearer, Coleophora fletcherella Fern. Principal food plants: apple.
Treatment: Spray thoroughly with poison in early spring.
Chief accessible articles: Slingerland, M. V. Cornell agric. exp. sta. Bul. 93. 95. p. 214-30; Beach, Lowe and Stewart, N. Y. agric. exp. sta. Bul. 170. ’99. p. 391-92.
19 Apple leaf-miner, Tischeria malifoliella Clem. Principal food plant: appletree.
Treatment: Burn infested leaves.
;
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 837
Chief accessible article: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 11th rep’t, ’95. p. 160-62.
20 Resplendent shield-bearer, Aspidisca splendorifer-. ella Clem. Principal food plant: appletree.
Treatment: Spray in winter or early spring with contact insecticides.
Chief accessible article: Comstock. J, H. U. S. dep’t agrie. Rep’t, ’79. p. 210-13.
21 Apple leaf Bucculatrix, Bucculatrix pomifoliella Clem. Principal food plant: appletree.
Treatment: Spray with poison in early June.
Chief accessible article: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 1st rep’t, ’82. p. 157-62.
22 Bud moth, Tmetocera ocellana Schiff. Principal food plant: appletree.
Treatment: Spray with poison in early spring.
Chief accessible articles: Slingerland, M. V. Cornell agric. exp. sta. Bul. 50. ’93. p. 1-29; Bul. 107. °96. p. 57-66; Lowe, V. H. N. Y. agric. exp. sta. Bul. 136, °97. p. 397-98.
23 Pear psylla, Psylla -pyricola Forst. Principal food plant: pear tree.
Treatment: Spray with kerosene emulsion in early spring.
Chief accessible articles: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 9th rep’t, 92. p. 317-29; Slingerland, M. V. Cornell agric. exp. sta. Bul. 44. 92. p. 161-86; Bul. 108. °96. p. 69-81; Marlatt, C. L. U. S. dep’t agric. div. ent. Cire. 7, 2d s. ’95. p.1-8.
VINE AND SMALL FRUIT INSECTS (24-41)
For general works, see those cited under fruit tree insects.
24 Grapevine root worm, Fidia viticida Walsh. Prin- cipal food plant: grapevine.
Treatment: Spray with poison the latter part of June; keep soil pulverized and mounded about the base of vines in July.
Chief accessible articles: Webster, F. M. O. agric. exp. Sta. Bul. 62. °95 p. 77-95; Marlatt, C. L. U. S. dep’t agric. Yearbook. 95. p. 391-93; Slingerland, M. V. Cornell agric. exp. sta. Bul. 184. *00. p. 21-82.
838 NEW YORK STATH MUSEUM
25 Spotted grapevine beetle, Pelidnota punctata Linn. Principal food plant: grapevine.
Treatment: hand picking.
Chief accessible notice: Felt, E. P. N. Y. state mus. Bul. 37. 00. p. 15.
26 Light-loving grapevine beetleye Anomala luce icola Fabr. Principal food plant: grapevine.
Treatment: hand picking, dusting vines with ashes, plaster, CLe:
Chief accessible article: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 10th rep’t 94. p. 408-10.
27 Grapevine flea beetley Haltica chalybea Ill. Prin- cipal food plant: grapevine.
Treatment: Spray vines with poison.
Chief accessible articles: Comstock, J. H. U.S. dep’t agric. rep’t, 79, 213162 Marlatt, C: Lb. U.S. dept agric. Yearbooks: p. 395-96; Lowe, V. H. N. Y. agric. exp. sta. Bul. 150. 98. p. 263-65; Slingerland, M. V. Cornell agric. exp. sta. Bul. 157. ’98. p. 189-218. -
28 8 spotted forester, Alypia octomaculata Fabr. Principal food plants: Virginia creeper, grapevine.
Treatment: Spray with arsenical poisons.
Chief accessible article: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 5th rep’t, ’89. p. 179-88.
29 Grapevine plume moth, Oxyptilus periscelidac- tylus Fitch. Principal food plant: grapevine.
Treatment: hand picking; spray with poison.
Chief accessible articles: Fitch, Asa. Noxious, beneficial insects N. Y. ist-2d rep’ts, ’56. p. 1389-43; Lintner, J. A., state ent. 12th rep’t, 796. p. 218222.
30 Grapevine leaf-hopper, Typhlocyba comes Say. Principal food plant: grapevine.
Treatment: Burn rubbish in fall or spring, early spray with kerosene emulsion.
Chief accessible article: Marlatt, C. L. U. S. dep’t agric. Year- book. °95. p. 400-2.
REPORT 08 THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 839
31 Currant stem-borer, Sesia tipuliformig Linn. Prin- cipal food plant: currant.
Treatment: Cut and burn infested stems.
32 Red-breasted currant borer, Tenthredo rufopectus Nort. Principal food plant: currant.
Treatment: Cut and burn wilting tips.
Chief accessible article: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 13th rep’t, ’97. p. 835-37.
33 Currant sawfly, Pteronus ribesii Scop. Principal food plant: curratit.
Treatment: Spray foliage with hellebore or an arsenical poison.
Chief accessible articles: Fitch, Asa. Noxious, beneficial insects Neath rept, 67. p. 909-32; Lintner, J. A., state ent. 2d rep’t, 85. p. 217-21.
34 Currant spanworm, Diastictis ribearia Fitch. Prin- cipal food plant: currant.
Treatment: Spray foliage with an arsenical poison.
Chief accessible notices: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 12th rep’t, *96. p. 310-11; Felt, E. P. N. Y. state mus. Bul. 37. ’00. p. 13-14.
35 Tarnished plant bug, Lygus pratensis Linn. Prin- cipal food plant: peachtree.
Treatment: hand picking, dusting with ashes, clean culture.
Chief accessible article: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 13th rep’t, *97. p. 351-57.
36 4 lined leaf bug, Poecilocapsus lineatus Fabr. Principal food plant: currant.
Treatment: Spray young with kerosene emulsion, cut and burn ege-bearing twigs.
Chief accessible articles: Lintner, J. A., state ent. Ist rep’t, ’82. p. 271-81; Slingerland, M. V. Cornell agric. exp. sta. Bul. 58. 793. p. 207-89. ;
37 Gouty gall beetle, Agrilus ruficollis Fabr. Prin- cipal food plant: raspberry.
Treatment: Cut and burn infested canes in early spring.
Chief accessible articles: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 6th rep’t, iets -25- ——— 10th rep’t, "94. p. 406-7.
840 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
28 White flower cricket, Oecanthus niveus DeG. Prin- cipal injury to raspberry bushes.
Treatment: Cut and burn infested canes in early spring. Clean culture.
29 Fuller’s rose beetleye Aramigus fulleri Horn. Prin- cipal food plant: rosebush.
Treatment: hand picking.
Chief accessible article: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 2d rep’t, 85. p. 142-44.
40 Thyreus abbotii Swains. Principal food plants: erapevine, Virginia creeper.
Treatment: hand picking.
Chief accessible article: Cooley, R. A. Mass agric. exp. sta. Bul. 36. ’96. p. 11-12.
41 Cranberry worm, Rhopobota vacciniana Pack. Principal food plant: cranberry.
Treatment: Flow bogs after eggs hatch, spray vines with arsenical poisons.
Chief accessible articles: Smith, J. B. N. J. agric. exp. sta. Special bul. K. 790. p. 10-15; Fernald, C. H. Mass. (Hatch) exp. sta. Bul. 19. °92. p. 135-37; —— Mass. state board agric. Rep’t, 97. p. 145-48.
GARDEN INSECTS (42-68)
For general works, see last two publications cited under Fruit tree insects, p. 883.
42 Wheat wireworm, Agriotes mancus Say. This in- sect and its allies may injure a number of garden crops.
Treatment: Fall plowing; use poisoned baits for beetles.
Chief accessible articles: Comstock, J. H., and Slingerland, M. V. Cornell agric. exp. sta. Bul. 38. 791. p. 251-58; ——-——__ Bul. 107. ’96. p. 51-52. :
43 Cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae Linn. Principal food plant: cabbage.
Treatment: Spray young plants with arsenical poisons, use hellebore or pyrethrum on older ones.
Chief accessible notice: Felt, E. P. N. Y. state mus. Bul. 37. 00. p. 29-80.
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 841
44 Zebra caterpillar, Mamestra picta Hart. Principal food plant: cabbage.
Treatment: Spray young plants with arsenical poisons, use pyrethrum or hellebore on older ones.
Chief accessible articles: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 5th rep’t, ’89. p. 206-10; Felt, E. P., state ent. 14th rep’t, 98. p. 201-7.
45 Microplitis mamestrae, Weed, a parasite of the preceding.
46 Variegated cutworm, Peridroma saucia Hiibn. Principal food plants: a number of garden crops.
Treatment: poisoned baits.
Chief accessible article: Lintner, J. A. state ent. 5th rep’t, ’89. p. 200-6.
47 Colorado potato beetle. Doryphora 10-lineata Say. Principal food plant: potato.
Treatment: Spray with arsenical poisons, hand picking.
48 Lebia grandis Hentz. This species preys on the preceding.
49 Spined soldier bug, Podisus spinosus Dall. Another predaceous enemy of 47.
50 Margined blister beetle. Epicauta cinerea Forst. Principal food plant: frequently injures potatoes.
Treatment: Dust vines with ashes, plaster, etc., spray with arsenical poisons only when necessary, as the young are beneficial.
Chief accessible article: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 6th rep’t, *90. p. 134-35.
51 Striped blister beetle. Epicauta vittata Fabr. Prin- cipal food plant: frequently injures potatoes.
Treatment: Same as preceding.
Chief accessible article: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 6th rep’t, 90. p. 182-34.
52 Stalk-borer, Hydroecia nitela Guen. Principal food plants: tomato, potato and other thick stalked plants.
Treatment: Destroy caterpillars in wilting stalks.
Chief accessible article: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 1st rep’t, ’82. p. 110-16.
842 NEW YORK STATH MUSEUM
53 Tomato worm, Phlegethontius celeus Hibn. Principal food plant: tomato.
Treatment: Spray with arsenical poisons before fruit appears, ; hand picking.
Chief accessible article: Howard, L. 0. U.S. dep’t agric. Year- book. ’98. p. 128-32.
54 Striped cucumber beetle, Diabrotica vittata Fabr. Principal food plant: cucumber vines.
Treatment: Spray vines with poisoned bordeaux mixture, dust vines with ashes, plaster, ete.
Chief accessible articles: Chittenden, F. H. U. S. dep’t agric. diy. ent. Circ. 31, 2d s. ’98. p. 1-7; Sirrine, F. A. N. Y. agric. exp. sta. Bul. 158. ’99. p. 1-32.
55 Squash vine borer, Melittia satyriniformis Hiibn. Principal food plant: squash vines.
Treatment: Plant early squashes as a trap crop, cut out and destroy borers.
Chief accessible article: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 2d rep’t, ’85.- p. 57-68; Sirrine, F. A. N. Y. agric. exp. sta. 15th rep’t, °96- p. 610-12; Chittenden, F. H. U. S. dep’t agric. div. ent. Cire. 38, 2d s. ’99. p. 1-6; ——- —— Bul. 19, n. s. ’99. p. 34-40.
56 Cucumber flea beetle, Epitrix cucumeris Harris. Principal food plants: cucumbers, potatoes, tomatoes.
Treatment: Spray plants with poisoned bordeaux mixture, dust with ashes, plaster, ete. |
Chief accessible article: Stewart, F. C. N. Y. agric. exp. sta. Bul. 118. ’96. p. 311-17.
57 Fed-headed flea beetle, Systena frontalis Fabr. Principal injury recorded was to sugar beets.
Treatment: Spray plants with arsenical poisons, the poisoned bordeaux mixture being specially effective.
Chief accessible notice: Felt, E. P., state ent. 15th rep’t, ’00. p. 5388.
58 Common asparagus beetle, Crioceris asparagi Linn. Principal food plant: asparagus.
Treatment: spray all except cutting beds with an arsenical poison, dust plants with plaster, ashes, ete.
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 843
Chief accessible articles: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 1st rep’t, 782. p. 239-46; —— 11th rep’t, 95. p. 177-81; Chittenden, F. H. U.S. dep’t agric. Yearbook. ’96. p. 342-49; Felt, E. P., state ent. 15th rep’t, ’00. p. 540-41.
59 12 spotted asparagus beetle, Crioceris 12-punctata Linn. Principal food plant: asparagus.
Treatment: same as for the preceding species.
Chief accessible articles: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 12th rep’t, 796. p. 248-52; Chittenden, F. H. U.S. dep’t agric. Yearbook. 796. p. 349-52; Felt, E. P., state ent. 15th rep’t, ’00. p. 540-41.
60 Squash bug, Anasa tristis DeG. Principal food plant: squash vine.
Treatment: Trap under chips and destroy the bugs, collect and destroy the eggs.
Chief accessible articles: Chittenden, F. H. U.S. dep’t agric. div. ent. Bul. 19, n. s. 99. p. 20-28; ——- —— Cire. 39, 2d s. ’99. p.1-5.
61 Onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lind. Principal food plants: onion, lettuce.
Treatment: Spray affected plants with kerosene emulsion or whale oil soap solution.
Chief accessible article: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 11th rep’t, 5°95. p. 241-47.
62 Rhubarb curculio, Lixus concavus Say. Principal food plant: rhubarb.
Treatment: hand picking.
Chief accessible article: Chittenden, F. H. U. S. dep’t agric. div. ent. Bul. 23, n. s. 00. p. 61-69.
63 Chrysanthemum fly, Phytomyza chrysanthemi Kow. Principal food plant: chrysanthemum.
Treatment: Destroy infested leaves.
Chief accessible articles: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 4th rep’t, ’88. p. 73-80; —— 7th rep’t, ’91. p. 242-46.
64 Mushroom phora, Phora agarici Lintn. Principal food plant: mushrooms.
Treatment: Kill flies with dry pyrethrum.
844 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Chief accessible article: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 10th rep’t, 94. p. 399-409.
65 Manure fly, Sciara coprophila Lintn. Principal food: decaying vegetable matter, rarely injurious.
Treatment: Spray soil with kerosene emulsion and follow with a sprinkling of water.
Chief accessible articles: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 10th rep’t, 794. p. 391-97.
66 Wild parsnip worm, Depressaria heracliana DeG. Principal food plant: wild parsnip, and the species there- fore can hardly be considered injurious.
67 Genista caterpillar, Mecyna reversalis Guen. Prin- cipal food plant: Genista and Cytisus.
Treatment: Spray infested plants with hellebore or an arsen- ical poison.
Chief accessible article: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 11th rep’t, 95. p. 142-45.
68 Milkweed butterfly, Anosia plexippus Linn. Prin- cipal food plant: common milkweed. This is a common but not an injurious species.
GRASS AND GRAIN INSECTS (69-83)
For general works, see last two publications cited under Fruit tree insects, p. 833. ;
69 May beetles Lachnosterna fusca Frohl. Principal food plant: grass roots.
Treatment: Spray infested areas heavily with kerosene emul- sion just before a rain or follow spraying with a liberal watering.
Chief accessible article: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 9th rep’t, ’92. p. 353-57.
70 Green June beetle, Allorhina nitida Linn. Principal food plant: decomposing vegetable matter and possibly grass roots to some extent.
Treatment: same as for the preceding, also poisoned bran mash.
Chief accessible article: Howard, L. 0. U. S. dep’t agric. div. ent. Bul. 10, n. s. 98. p. 20-26.
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 845
71 Punctured clover leaf weevil, Phytonomus pune- tatus Fabr. Principal food plant: clover.
Treatment: Plow under badly infested fields.
Chief accessible articles: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 1st rep’t, °82 p. 247-53; oth rep’t, ’89. p. 272-73; —— 7th rep’t, 91. Dp. 315-16.
72 Phytonomus nigrirostris Fabr. Principal food plant: clover; it is not a species of much economic importance.
73 Army worm, Leucania unipuncta Haw. Principal food plants: grass and grains.
Treatment: clean culture, debarring from infested fields, poisoned bran mash.
Chief accessible articles: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 11th rep’t, 96. p. 190-214; Slingerland, M. V. Cornell agric. exp. sta. Bul. 138. "97. p. 233-58; Lowe, V. H. N. Y. agric. exp. sta. Bul. 104. 96. p. 122-29; 15th rep’t, ’96. p. 583-605.
74 Clover hay caterpillar, Pyralis costalis Fabr. Prin-
‘cipal food plant: clover.
Treatment: Keep hay clean and dry, salt lower layers, do not allow old hay to remain over from year to year.
Chief accessible article: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 11th rep’t, 95. p. 145-51.
75 Hessian fly, Cecidomyia destructor Say. Chief food plant: wheat.
Treatment: Late planting in connection with early sown decoy strips to be plowed under in late fall; grow resistant varieties, cut straw high in infested districts and burn stubble.
Chief accessible articles: Fitch, Asa. Noxious, beneficial insects N. Y. 7th rep’t, ’62. p. 133-44; Marlatt, C. L. U. S. dep’t agric. div. ent. Circ. 14, 2d s. ’95. p. 1-4; Osborn, Herbert. U. S. dep’t agric. div ent. bul, 16, n. s:.’98. p. 1-57.
76 Jointworm, Isosoma hordei Harr. Principal food plant: barley.
Treatment: Burn infested straw.
Chief accessible articles: Fitch, Asa. Noxious, beneficial insects N. Y. 7th rep’t, ’62. p. 155-59; Lintner, J. A., state ent. 4th rep’t, 788. p. 27-35.
846 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
77 Isosoma grande Riley. Principal food plant: wheat.
Treatment: same as preceding.
Chief accessible articles: Riley, C. V. U. S. dep’t agric. Rep’t, 84. p. 357-58; Webster, F. M. U.S. dep’t agric. Rep’t, ’84. p. 383-87; , Rep’t, ’85. p. 311-15; Riley, ©. V. U. S. dep’t agric. Rep’t, ’86. p. 542-46.
78 Chinch bug, Blissus leucopterus Say. Principal food plants: grasses, small grains, corn.
Treatment: Burn grass, etc. sheltering hibernating bugs, sow
decoy plots, plow badly infested areas or spray with kerosene emulsion, protect cultivated crops by barriers.
Chief accessible articles: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 2d rep’t, ’85. p. 148-64; Webster, F. M. U. S. dep’t agric. div. ent. Bul. 15, n. s. 798. p. 1-82.
79 Red-legged locust, Melanoplus femur-rubrum DeG. Principal food plants: grasses and grains.
Treatment: Plow young hoppers under, collect with hopper- dozer; poisoned bran mash.
Chief accessible article: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 10th rep’t, ’94. p. 439-45.
80 Melanoplus femoratus Burm. Same as 79.
81 Pellucid locust, Camnula pellucida Seudd. Same as 79.
82 Carolina locust, Dissosteira carolina Linn. Same
09:
838 Circotettix verruculatus Scudd. Same as79.
as
HOUSEHOLD INSECTS (84-99)
84 Little red ant, Monomorium pharaonis Linn. Principal food: sweets, lard, ete.
Treatment: Destroy nests with carbon bisulfid, kerosene emulsion or boiling water, trap with lard or sponge dipped in sweetened water and destroy.
Chief accessible articles: Marlatt, C. L. U. S. dep’t agric. div. ent. Bul. 4, n. 8. ’96. p. 95-99; —— Cire. 34, 2d s. 798. p. 1-43 Lintner, J. A., state ent. 11th rep’t, 95. p. 109-14; Felt, E. P. N. Y. state agric. soc. Trans. ’99. 59:298-99.
17 WEY pies She
REPORT OF THE-STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 S47
85 Large black ant, Camponotus pennsylvanica Cress. Bores in wood and is occasionally found in houses.
Treatment: same as for 84, so far as practicable.
86 House fly, Musca domestica Linn. Principal food: a very general feeder.
Treatment: keep premises clean and prevent the flies from getting at manure. Exclude with screens.
Chief accessible articles: Howard, L. 0., and Marlatt, C. L. U.8. dep’t. agric. div. ent. Bul. 4, n. s. 96 p. 43-47; Howard, L. 0. U. 8. dep’t agric. diy. ent. Circ. 35, 2d s. ’98. p. 1-8; Felt, E. P. N. Y. state agric. soc. Trans. 799. 59 :295-96.
87 Cheese skipper, Piophila casei Linn. Principal food:
_cheese, ham.
Treatment: Exelude flies, keep affected products in darkness, destroy eggs every few days.
Chief accessible articles: Howard, L. 0. U. S. dep’t agric. diy. ent. Bul. 4, n. s. 96. p. 102-4; Lintner, J. A., state ent. 12th rep’t, 796. p. 229-34; Felt, E. P. N. Y. state agric. soc. Trans. ’99. 59 :300-1.
88 Larder beetle, Dermestes lardarius Linn. Prin- cipal food: bacon, dried meat, skins, ete.
Treatment: Keep the beetles away by using screens or tight receptacles, clean up frequently, and give the pest little oppor- tunity to breed.
Chief accessible articles: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 6th rep’t, ’90. p. 119-23; Howard, L. 0. U.S. dep’t agric. div. ent. Bul. 4, n. s. 96. p. 107-9; Felt, E. P. N. Y. state agric. soc. Trans. ’99. 59: 300.
89 Croton bug, Phyllodromia germanica Fabr. Principal food: a very general feeder.
Treatment: Cleanliness and the use of a roach poison, such as Hooper’s fatal food; fumigate with sulfur, entice the insects to enter vessels partly filled with stale beer, from which no escape is provided.
Chief accessible articles: Marlatt, C. L. U. S. dep’t agric. div. ent. Bul. 4, n. s. 96. p. 90-95; Felt, E. P. N. Y. state agric. soc. Trans. ’99. 59: 229.
848 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
90 Cockroach, Periplaneta orientalis Linn. Prin- cipal food: a very general feeder.
Treatment: same as for 89.
Chief accessible articles: Marlatt, C. L. U. S. dep’t. agric. div. ent. Bul. 4, n. s. 796. p. 90-95; Felt, E. P. N. Y. state agric. soe. Trans. 799.59 299:
91 Black carpet beetle, Attagenus piceus Oliv. Prin- cipal food: woolens, horn, dried animal matter.
Treatment: Use rugs or matting in place of carpet when- ever possible. Infested carpets should be taken up and sprayed with benzin, and the cracks in the floor should be filled with plaster before relaying. Clean garments and furs thoroughly and store during the summer in tight boxes. Fumigate infested apartments with sulfur.
Chief accessible articles: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 2d rep’t, ’85. p. 46-48; —— 9th rep’t, ’92. p. 299-3806; Howard, L. 0., and Marlatt, C. L. U.S. dep’t agric. div. ent. Bul. 4, n. s. 96. p. 61-63; Chittenden, F. H. U. S. dep’t agric. div. ent. Bul. -8, n. s. 797. p. 15-19; Felt, E. P. N. Y. state agric. soc. Trans. ’99. 59: 297-98.
92 Buffalo carpet beetle. Anthrenus scrophulariae Linn. Principal food: woolens, dried animal matter.
Treaiment: same as for 91.
Chief accessible articles: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 9th rep’t, ’92. p. 299-306; Howard, L. 0., and Marlatt, C. L. U.S. dep’t agric. div. ent. Bul. 4, n. s. ’96. p. 58-60; Felt, E. P. N. Y. state agric. soc. Trans. ’99. 59: 297-98.
93 Two spotted ladybug, Adalia bipunctata Linn. Food: Preys on other insects and is therefore beneficial, though it is frequently mistaken for a carpet beetle.
Treatment: Always protect the beetles.
Chief accessible articles: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 9th rep’t, 792. p. 300; Felt, E. P. N. Y. state agric. soc. Trans. 99. 59: 297.
94 Museum pest, Anthrenus verbasei Linn. Principal food: dried animal matter.
Treatment: Exclude from collections by using tight boxes, and supplement by frequent examinations, fumigate infested boxes with carbon bisulfid.
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 S13
~
Chief accessible article: Chittenden, F. H. U. S. dep’t agric. aivseniebul. 8) n.s.’97. p. 22-23.
95 Clothes moth, Tineola biselliella Hum. food: woolens.
Principal
Treatment: same as for 91.
Chief accessible articles: Marlatt, C. L. U.S. dep’t agrie diy. ent. Cire. 36, 2d s. ’98. p. 1-8; Howard, L. 0., and Marlatt, C. L. U.S. dep’t agric. div. ent. Bul. 4, n. s. 96. p. 63-69; Felt, Ey P. N. Y. state agric soc. Trans. ’99. 59: 297-98.
96 Silver fish, Thermobia furnorum Roy. Principal food: farinaceous matter.
Treatment: Keep things dry and do not allow them to remain undisturbed for long periods, dust haunts with pyrethrum powder.
Chief accessible articles: Marlatt, C. L. U. S. dep’t agric. div. ent. Bul. 4, n. s. 96. p. 76-78; Felt, E. P., state ent. 14th rep’t, 798. p. 216-18; —— N. Y. state agric. soc. Trans, 799. 59: 301.
97 Bedbug, Acanthia lectularia Linn. Principal food: blood of certain mammalia.
Treatment: Apply benzin, kerosene, other petroleum oil or corrosive sublimate to crevices in infested beds. Fumigation with sulfur is valuable wherever possible.
Chief accessible articles: Marlatt, C. L. U. S. dep’t agric. div. ent. Bul, 4, n. s: 96. p. 32-38; Felt, E. P. N. Y. state agric. soc. Trans. 799. 59: 299-300.
98 Masked bedbug hunter: kissing bug, Opsicoetus per- sonatus Linn. Principal food: other insects; only oceasion- ally does it attack man.
Treatment: Exclude from houses by the use of screens.
Chief accessible articles: Howard, L. 0. Popular science monthly, Noy. ’99; —— U.S. dep’t agric..div. ent. Bul. 22. ’00. p. 24-25.
99 Squash bug, Anasa tristis DeG. Resembles 95 some- what, but on comparison a marked difference will be seen.
850 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
INSECTS AFFECTING STORED FOOD PRODUCTS (100-8)
100 Rice weevil Calandra oryzae Linn. Principal food: rice or its preparations.
Treatment: Fumigate with carbon bisulfid.
Chief accessible article: Chittenden, F. H. U. S. dep’t agric. Yearbook. 794. p. 280-81.
101 Pteromalus calandrae How., a parasite of 100.
102 Grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella Oliv. Prin- cipal food: corn, wheat.
Treatment: Harvest and thresh grain early, fumigate infested grain with carbon bisulfid.
Chief accessible articles: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 2d rep’t, 785. p. 102-10; 10th rep’t, 94. p. 377-86; Chittenden, F. H. U. S. dep’t agric. Yearbook. ’94. p. 281-83.
103 Corn Silvanus, Silvanus sSurinamensis Linn.
Principal food: cereal grains. Treatment: Fumigate infested materials with carbon bisulfid. — Chief accessible articles: Chittenden, F. H. U.S. dep’t agric.
Yearbook. ’94. p. 287.
104 Meal worm, Tenebrio molitor Linn. Principal food: corn and rye meal.
Treatment: Fumigate infested meal with carbon bisulfid.
Chief accessible articles: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 8th rep’t,
91. p. 176-77; Chittenden, F. H. U. S. dep’t agric.-div. ent. Bul.
Ass 96s pe Ge 105 Bean weevil, Bruchus obtectus Say. Principal
food: beans.
Treatment: Fumigate infested seeds with carbon bisulfid. Chief accessible article: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 7th rep’t,
91. p. 255-79.
106 Pea weevil, Bruchus pisorum Linn. Principal food: pea.
Treatment: Early planting; fumigaté infested peas with car- bon bisulfid.
Chief accessible article: Riley, C. V., and Howard, L. 0. Insect
life, 791. 4: 297-99.
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 S51
107 Confused flour beetle, Tribolium confu Sum Duy. Principal food: Farinaceous preparations.
Treatment: Fumigate infested preparations with carbon bisulfid.
Chief accessible articles: Chittenden, F. H. U. S. dep’t agric. Yearbook. ’94. p. 288-89; —— —— diy. ent. Bul. 4. 96. p. 113-15.
108 Cigarette beetle, Lasioderma testaceum Duft. Principal food: tobacco preparations.
Treatment: Fumigate infested substances with carbon bisulfid, exclude the insects by using tight packages.
Chief accessible article: Chittenden, F. H. U. S. dep’t agric. tiveenieds@l. 4. n. s.’96. p. 126-27.
BENEFICIAL INSECTS (109-63) Pollen-carriers
These insects perform a most important function, because many fruit trees depend very largely on insects for the carrying of pollen from flower to flower.
109 Honey bee, Apis mellifica Linn. This insect is exceedingly valuable as a pollenizer of plants as well as a pro-
ducer of honey. Bumblebees, Bombus
This genus is represented by a number of species, all valuable
as pollen-carriers.
110 Bombus fervidus Fabr.
fib pennsylvanicus DeG.
da B-terricola Kirby
i565. ternarius Say
114 B. vagans Smith
hor virginicus , Oliv.
116 Melissodes obliqua Say
M7 M. perplexa Cress.
852 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Leaf-cutter bees, Me gachile The popular name comes from the peculiar habit certain species, at least, have of cutting bits out of leaves to use in nest building. 118 Megachile montivaga Cress. 119 M. latimanus Say 120 Andrena crataegi Rob. 121 A. fimbriata Smith 122 Agapostemon radiatus Say 123 Halictus parallelus Say 124 Wasp, Polistes pallipes St Farg. 125 Vespa arenaria Fabr. 126 Yellow jacket, Vespa diabolica Sauss. 127 White-faced hornet, Vespa maculata Linn. Flower flies; syrphus flies, Syrphidae 128 Spilomyia fusca Loew 129 Helophilus latifrons Loew 130 H. similis Macq. igi’ brastalis flavipes Walk. oa H. tenax Tin, 132a Tropidopria conica Fabr., a parasite of the above. 133 Eristalis transversus Wied. 134 Volucella evecta Walk.
Parasites A number of serious insect pests are held in check by para-
sitic enemies. These beneficial species should be protected, and in fighting insects the destruction of parasites should be avoided whenever possible.
135 Pteromalus vanessae How.
136 Pimpla conquisitor Say
137 Ophion purgatum Say
138 Ichneumon flavicornis Cr.
139 Red-tailed tachina fy, Winthemia 4-pustulata
Fabr.
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 Sd.
ee
Predaceous insects Some predaceous insects are most efficient aids in controlling
insect depredations. The syrphid flies and ladybugs are ex- amples of well known enemies of plant lice.
140 Potter wasp, Eumenes fraternus Say
141 Digger wasp, Bembex fasciata Fabr.
142 Sphaerophoria cylindrica Say
143 Syrphus ribesii Linn.
144 Margined soldier beetle, Chaulio gnathus mar-
ginatus Fabr. 145 Pennsylvania soldier beetle Chauliognathus pennsylvanicus DeG. Ladybugs, Coccinellidae Plant lice or aphids find some of their most serious enemies
in this group.
1446 Brachyacantha ursina Fabr.
147 Twice-stabbed ladybug, Chilocorus bivulnerus
Muls.
148 15 spotted ladybug, Anatis ocellata Linn.
149 Two spotted ladybug, Adalia bipunctata Linn.
150 Coccinella sanguinea Linn.
151 Transverse ladybug, Coccinella transversalis
Muls.
152 Nine spotted ladybug, Coccinella %-notata Herbst.
153 Three banded ladybug, Coccinella trifasciata Linn.
154 Parentheticai ladybug, Hippodamia parenthe- sis Say
155 Convergent ladybug, Hippodamia convergens Guer.
156 Spotted ladybug, Megilla maculata DeG.
157 Spined soldier bug, Podisus spinosus Dall.
158 Lace-winged fly, Chrysopa species.
CO Or ve
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Silkworms The mulberry silkworm is the insect which produces all the
raw material from which silks are manufactured. Several related species are also represented in the collection.
159 Mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori Linn.
160 Cynthia moth, Samia cynthia Dru.
161 Polyphemus moth: American silkworm, Telea poly-
phemus Cram. 162 Japanese silkworm, Antheraea yamimai Guer. 163 Chinese silkworm, Antheraea pernyi Guer.
SCALE INSECTS, (Coccidae (164-202)
A natural group of great economic importance.
Chief articles on the group
Comstock, J. H. U. 8S. dep’t agric. Rep’t, ’80. p. 276-349; Cornell univ. dep’t ent. 2d rep’t, 788. p. 45-147.
Cockerell, T. D. A. Check list of the Coccidae. Ill. state lab. nat. hist. Bul. °96, v. 4, art. 11, p. 318-39; supplement, Ill. state lab. nat. hist. Bul. 99, v. 5, art. 7, p. 389-98.
164 Cottony cushion scale insect, Icerva purchasi Mask. This species is of interest on account of its threatening the destruction of the citrus fruit industry of California about 1880. Principal food plants: citrus trees.
Treatment: Importation of natural enemies, fumigation with hydrocyanic acid gas.
Chief articles; Riley,-C. V: Us S. dep’t @cric: Rept. S6eap: 466-91.
165 Elm tree bark louse, Gossyparia ulmi Geoff. Prin- cipal food plant: European elms.
Treatment: Spray with kerosene emulsion or a whale oil soap solution in early spring.
Chief accessible articles: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 12th rep’t, 796. p. 292-97; Felt, E. P. N. Y. state mus. Bul.-20. 798. p. 16-18; —— -— Bul. 27. ’99. p. 46; —— Fisheries, game and forest com- oth rep’t, 799. p. 375-79.
166 Oak kermes, Kermes galliformis Riley. Princi- pal food plant: oaks; rarely injurious.
ee
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 825
167 Golden oak scale insect, Asterolecanium variol- osum Ratz. Principal food plant: oak.
Treatment: Spray with kerosene emulsion in early summer.
Chief accessible articles: Lowe, V. H. N. Y. agric. exp. sta. Rep’t, ’*95. p. 550-51.
168 Barnacle scale insect, Ceroplastes cirripedifor- mis Comst. A southern species which occurs on orange and quince.
169 Lecanium armeniacum Craw. A species recently intro- duced into New York state.
Principal food plants: grape, currant.
Chief accessible notice: Felt, E. P., state ent. 14th rep’t, 98. p. 240.
170 Cherry lecanium, Lecanium cerasifex Fitch. Oc- curs rather commonly on maple, oak, cherry and appletrees.
Treatment: Spray infested trees in winter or in early spring with kerosene emulsion (1-4).
171 Lecanium fitchii Sign. Infests raspberry and blackberry bushes.
172 Common greenhouse lecanium, Lecanium hesperi- dum Linn. A bad pest on many house and greenhouse plants.
Treatment: Spray or wash plants with kerosene emulsion or a soap solution.
173 Black scale insect, Lecanium oleae Bern. A seri- ous pest on many plants in California.
174 New York plum scale insect, Lecanium prunastri Fonse. Principal food plant: plum.
Treatment: Spray infested trees with kerosene emulsion (1-4) just after the leaves fall.
Chief accessible articles: Slingerland, M. V. Cornell agric. exp. sta. Dul. 88. ’94. p. 681-99; ——_ Bula 0s) 756 82-86; Lowe, V. H. N. Y. agric. exp. sta. Bul. 136. ’97. p. 583-86.
175 Tuliptree scale insect, Le canium tulipiferae Cook, Principal food plant: tuliptree.
Treatment: Spray infested trees with kerosene emulsion or
whale oil soap solution.
56 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM —
(9 2)
Chief accessible article: Felt, E. P., state ent. 14th rep’t, 798. (Mus. bul. 28) p. 213-16.
176 Cottony maple tree scale insect, Pulvinaria innu- mérabilis Rathyv. Principal food plants: maple, elm, grape.
Treatment: Spray young in July with kerosene emulsion or whale oil soap solution. A powerful stream of cold water or a stiff brush will dislodge many females.
Chief accessible articles: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 6th rep’t, 90. p. 141-47; Felt, E. P. Fisheries, game and forest com. 4th rep’t, sep. ’98. p. 29-31; Howard, L. 0. U.S. dep’t agric. div. ent. Bul, 22, n.-s. 00. p. 8-16.
177 Putnam’s scale insect, Aspidiotus ancylus Putn. Principal food plants: maple, elm, currant, fruit trees.
Treatment: rarely injurious.
Chief accessible articles: Lowe, V. H. N. Y. agric. exp. sta. Bul.186. °97- p. 593; Felt, ‘H.-P. N. Yostate mus: Bul=462 Oi p: 326-30.
178 Aspidiotus dictyospermi Morg. A greenhouse Species occurring on Areca lutescenss.
179 Cherry scale insect, Aspidiotus forbesi Johns. Principal food plants: cherry and apple trees.
Treatment: Spray infested trees in winter or early spring with a contact insecticide.
Chief accessible article: Felt, E. P. N. Y. state mus. Bul. 46. 701. p. 330-32.
180 Ivy scale insect, Aspidiotus hederae Vall. Prin- cipal food plants: common on ivy and a number of other green- house plants.
Treatment: Spray infested plants with an ivory or whale oil soap solution.
Chief accessible articles: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 11th rep’t, "96. p. 203-4; Felt, E. P. N. Y. state mus. Bul. 46. ’01. p. 333-36.
181 Aspidiotus lataniae Sign. A greenhouse species infesting palms.
182 European fruit tree scale insect, A s pidiotus ostreae- formis Curt. Principal food plant: plum.
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 857
Treatment: Spray infested trees in winter or early spring with contact insecticides.
Chief accessible article: Felt, E. P. N. Y. state mus. Bul. 46. 701. p. 323-26.
183 San José scale insect, A s pidiotus perniciosus Comst. Principal food plants: fruit and many other trees and shrubs.
Treatment: Spray infested trees in winter or early spring with whale oil soap or a mechanical emulsion of crude petroleum,
Chief accessible articles: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 11th rep’t, 96. p. 200-33; Howard, L. 0., and Marlatt, C. L. U.S. dep’t agric. div. ent. Bul. 4, n. s. 96. p. 1-80; Lowe, V. H. N. Y. agric. exp. sta. Bul. 156. ’97. p. 571-602; Howard, L. 0., U.S. dep’t agric. div. ent. Bul. 12, n.s. ’98. p. 1, 1-32; Felt, E. P., state ent. 16th rep’t, ’00. p. 967-88; —— N. Y. state mus. Bul. 46. 701. p. 304-23, 336-42.
184 Gloomy scale insect, Aspidiotus tenebricosus Comst. A southern species infesting red maple.
185 Elm Aspidiotus;s Aspidiotus ulmi Johns. Princi- pal food plant: elm, rarely injurious.
186 Grapevine Aspidiotus, Aspidiotus uvae Comst. A southern species infesting grapyvines.
187 Red scale insect of Florida, Chrysomphalus aoni- dum Linn. Principal food plants: on palms and other green- house plants.
Treatment: Wash or spray infested plants with whale oil or other soap solution.
188 Xerophilaspis prosopidis Ckll. A southern species occurring on Prosopis velutina.
189 Cactus scale insect, Diaspis calyptroides Costa. Found on cactuses in greenhouses.
190 Juniper scale insect, Diaspis carueli Targ. Found occasionally on juniper in New York state.
191 Peach scale insect, Diaspis pentagona Targ. A dangerous subtropic species which has become established in localities in the southern United States.
192 Aulacaspis boisduvalii Sign. Found on a ‘greenhouse orchid.
858 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
193 Aulacaspis elegans Leon. A greenhouse species infesting Cycas revoluta, frequently called sago palm.
194 Rose scale insect, Aulacaspis rosae Sandb. Prin- cipal food plants: rose, blackberry, raspberry bushes.
Treatment: Spray infested plants with kerosene emulsion or whale oil soap solution.
195 Orange chaff scale insect, Parlatoria pergandii Comst. Chief food plants: orange, tangerine.
It is limited to greenhouses in the north.
196 Orange scale insect, Mytilaspis citricola Pack. Occurs on oranges in the south and may infest trees kept in greenhouses in the north.
197 Appletree bark louse, Mytilaspis pomorum Bouché. Principal food plants: apple and many other trees.
Treatment: Spray young about June 1 with kerosene emul- sion or whale oil soap solution.
Chief accessible articles: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 4th rep’t,
88. p. 114-20; Howard, L. 0. U. S. dep’t agric. Yearbook. 94. —
p. 254-59; Felt, E. P. N. Y. state mus. Bul. 46. 701. p. 297300.
198 Elm Chionaspis,s Chionaspis americana Johns. Rather common on American elm, rarely very injurious.
199 Euonymus scale insect, Chionaspis euonymi Comst. Principal food plant: Euonymus or strawberry tree.
200 Scurfy bark louse, Chionaspis furfura Fitch. Principal food plant: apple and other fruit trees.
Treatment: Spray young about June 1 with kerosene emul- sion or whale oil soap solution.
Chief accessible articles: Howard, L. 0. U.S. dep’t agric. Year- book. ’94. p. 259-61; Felt, E. P. N. Y. state mus. Bul. 46. ’01. p. 300-4.
201 Pine leaf scale insect, Chionaspis pinifoliae Fitch. Attacks various pines, specially those growing in parks.
Chief accessible notice: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 11th rep’t, ’96. p. 208.
Bs : : : aces : 202 Hemichionaspis aspidistrae Sign. Infests ferns in greenhouses.
etn
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 S859
FOREST INSECTS (203-51)
General works on the group
Fitch, Asa. Noxious and beneficial insects of New York. 4th rep’t, "7. Sth rep’t, 58. p. 1-74.
Te os wn Packard, A. S. Forest insects. U.S. ent. com. 5th rep’t, ’90. p. 1-957. Hopkins, A. D. Catalogue of West Virginia forest and shade tree
meects) W.Va. agric. exp. sta. Bul. 32. °98. p. 171-251: Pre-
liminary report on the insect enemies of forests in the northwest. U. S.
dep’t agric. div. ent. Bul. 21, n.s. ’99. p. 1-27.
Woodborers, various species.
203 Xiphydria provancheri Cr. A borer in paper birch, Adirondack region.
204 Carpenter moth, Prionoxystus robiniae Peck. A serious enemy of maple and oak trees.
205 Pitch pine twig Tortrix, Retinia comstockiana Fern. A twig-borer causing considerable exudations of pitch.
206 Bronze birch borer, Agrilus anxius Gory. Princi- pal food plant: white birch, specially injurious in parks.
Treatment: Cut and burn badly infested trees.
Chief accessible article: Chittenden, F. H. U.S. dep’t agric. div. ent. Bul. 18, n. s. ’98. p. 44-51.
207 Mapletree pruner, Elaphidion villosum Fabr. Principal food plants: maple, oak.
Treatment: Gather and burn cut limbs in fall or early spring.
Chief accessible articles: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 9th rep’t, ’92. p. 357-61; Felt, E. P. Fisheries, game and forest com, 4th rep’t, sep. 98. p. 28-29. - 208 Pine sawyer, Monohammus confusor Kirby Attacks pines and spruces.
209 Pine sawyer, Monohammus scutellatus Say. Attacks pines.
210 Monohammus titillator Fabr. Attacks pines.
211 Poplar borer, Saperda calcarata Say. A serious enemy of poplars in some localities.
212 Painted hickory borer, Cyllene pictus Drury. At- tacks hickory.
Chief accessible article: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 8th rep’t, ’91. p. 175-76,
860 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
213 Locust borer, Cyllene robiniae Forst. A serious enemy of locusttrees.
Chief accessible article: Hopkins, A. D. W. Va. agric. exp. sta. Bol. 16: 91. p. 88:
214 Ribbed Fhagium, Rhagium lineatum Oliv. Works under dead or dying pine bark.
215 White pine weevil, Pissodes strobi Peck. Injures terminal shoots of pine.
216 Willow snout beetle, Cryptorhyncechus lapathi Linn. An introduced borer which injures poplar and willow.
Bark and wood borers, Scolytids
General works on the group Hopkins, A. D. Catalogue of West Virginia Scolytidae and their enemies. W. Va. agric. exp. sta. Bul. 31. ’98. p. 121-68. Hubbard, H. G. U.S. dep’t agric. div. ent. Bul. 7, n.s. ’97%7. p. 9-30. 217 Monarthrum mali Fitch. Attacks beech, apple. Chief accessible article: Fitch, Asa. Noxious and beneficial insects of New York. 3d rep’t, 56. p. 8-9. | 218 Gnathotrichus materianriuSs hitch, ]Aitaelks white and pitch pine. 219 Pityogenes sp. Attacks white pine. 220 Pityophthorus minutissimus Zimm. A bark- miner of red oak. 221 Pityophthorus sp. Working in dead limbs of black birch. 222 Xyloterus politus Say. Attacks beech and soft maple. .223 X. bivittatus Kirby. Attacks balsam stumps. 224 Cryphalus striatus Mann. Attacks balsam, spruce and hemlock. 225 Dryocoetes eichhoffi Hopk. Taken under bark of yellow birch stump. 226 Dryocoetes sp. Working in bark of spruce logs. , 227 Xylocleptes sp. Boring in partly decayed twigs of sugar maple. 228 Tomicus calligraphus Germ. Abundant in thicker bark of dying white and pitch pines,
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 S61
229 T. cacographus Lec. Works in the thinner bark of white and pitch pines.
230 T. pini Say. Sometimes abundant in bark of young white pines.
231 T. balsameus Lec. A serious enemy of balsam trees.
232 T. caelatus Eich. Works in thinner bark of white and pitch pines.
233 Spruce bark beetlee Polygraphus rufipennis Kirby. <A serious enemy of the spruce and occurs occasionally in balsam trees.
234 Phlaeosinus dentatus Say. Attacks recently cut or dying arbor vitae.
235 Boring Dendroctonus, Dendroctonus terebrans Oliv. Attacks pitch pines.
Leaf feeders, etc.
236 Pine sawfly, Lophyrus lecontei Fitch. Strips the needles from white pines.
237 Poplar sawfly, Trichiocampus viminalis Fall. Attacks poplar.
Chief accessible article: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 4th rep’t, ’88. p. 44-46.
238 Cherry leaf beetle, Galerucella cavicollis Lee. Feeds on wild cherry in Adirondacks, occasionally it attacks cul- tivated trees.
Treatment: Spray the foliage with an arsenical poison.
Chief accessible article: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 11th rep’t, 95. p. 197-98.
239 Locust leaf-miner, Odontota dorsalis Thunb. Attacks locust trees.
Chief accessible article: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 12th rep't, 96. p. 264-67,
240 Forest tent-caterpillar, Clisiocampa disstria Hiibn. Chief food plants: maple, elm, apple.
Treatment: Protect birds, collect eggs, spray domesticated
trees with an arsenical poison.
862 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Chief accessible articles: Felt, E. P., state ent. 14th rep’t, ’98. p. 191-201; ——— Fisheries, game and forest com. 4th rep’t, sep. 98. p. 10-16; Lowe, V. H. N. Y. agric. exp. sta. Bul. 159. ’99. p. 33-60; Slingerland, M. V. Cornell agric. exp. sta. Bul. 170. 799. p. 557-64; Felt, E. P. N. Y. state agric, soc. Trans. ’99. 59:275-76; state ent. 16th rep’t, 701. p. 994-98.
241 Pimpla conquisitor Say. A parasite of 240.
242 Tachina mella Walk. A parasite of 240.
248 Theronia fulvescens Cress. A parasite of 240.
244 Pteromalus vanessae How. A parasite of 240.
245 Fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea Drury. Prin- cipal food plants: white elm, willows and poplars.
Treatment: Spray infested limbs with an arsenical poison.
Chief accessible articles: Riley, C. V. U. S. dep’t agric. div. ent. Buly 10. ’87; p. 33-53; Howard, lL. O77US: dept agric. wear book. ’95. p. 875-76; Felt, E. P. Fisheries, game and forest com. 5th rep’t, 99. p. 363-68.
246 Orange striped oak worm, Anisota senatoria Abb.
& Sm. Principal food plants: various species of oak.
Chief accessible article: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 5th rep’t, ’89. p. 192-200.
247 Hickory tussock moth, Halisidota caryae Harris. Principal food plants: hickory, walnut, butternut.
248 Cherrytree tortrix, Cacoecia cerasivorana Fitch. Principal food plant: cherry, birch.
249 Bireh Bucculatrix, Bucculatrix canadensisella Chamb. Sometimes very injurious to white birch.
250 Maple leaf-miner, Lithocolletis aceriella Clem. Attacks leaves of maples and witch-hazel.
251 17 year cicada, Cicada septendecim Linn. In- jures twigs of many trees by cutting slits in them for the recep- tion of eggs.
Chief accessible articles: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 12th rep’t, "96. p. 272-89; Marlatt, C. L. U. S. dep’t agric. div. ent. Bul. 14. ’98. p. 148.
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 863
SHADE TREE INSECTS (252-67)
252 Mapletree borer, Plagionotus sg peciosus Say. Principal food plant: sugar mapletrees.
Treatment: Dig out the young borers.
Chief accessible articles: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 12th rep’t, "96. p. 237-48; Felt, E. P. Fisheries, game and forest com. 4th rep i; sep. “98. p. 22-28: ——__ N.Y. state agric. soc. Trans. ’99. 59 :277-78.
253 Leopard moth, Zeuzera pyrina Fabr. Chief food plants: attacks a large number of trees.
Treatment: Destroy females, dig out young borers, kill larger cnes in burrows with carbon bisulfid.
Chief accessible articles: Lintner, J. A. state ent. 9th rep’t, 93. p. 426-27; Felt, E. P. Fisheries, game and forest com. 4th rep’t, sep. 798. p. 16-20.
254 Elm bark-borer, Saperda tridentata Oliy. Prin- cipal food plant: American elm.
Treatment: Cut and burn badly infested trees or limbs.
Chief accessible articles: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 12th rep’t, 96. p. 243-48; Felt, E. P. N. Y. state agric. soc. Trans. ’99. 59: 278-79; —— Fisheries, game and forest com. Sth rep’t, °99. p. 371-75.
255 Elm snout beetle, Magdalis barbita Say. Prin- cipal food plant: American elm.
Treatment: Cut and burn badly infested limbs.
Chief accessible notices: Felt, E. P. N. Y. state mus. Bul. 57. 2005. ps 22); Fisheries, game and forest com. 5th rep’t, *99. p. 374.
256 Pigeon tremex, Tremex columba Linn. Principal food plants: diseased maples and elms.
Chief accessible notices: Felt, E. P. N. Y. state mus. Bul. 20. 798. p. 18-19; —— Fisheries, game and forest com. 4th rep’t, “98. p. 25-26.
257 Lunate long sting, Thalessa lunator Fabr. A par- asite of 256.
S64 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Chief accessible articles: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 4th rep’t, 88. p. 35-41; Felt, E. P. Fisheries, game and forest com. 4th rep’t, sep. ‘98. p. 25-26.
258 Elm bark louse, Gossyparia ulmi Geoff. Chief food plants: European elms.
Treatment: Brush or wash off the bark lice, spray in July or early spring with kerosene emulsion or whale oil soap.
Chief accessible articles: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 12th rep’t, 96. p. 292-98; Felt, E. P. N. Y. state mus. Bul. 20. 798. p. 10-18; —— Fisheries, game and forest com. 5th rep’t, 99. p. 375-79.
259 Elm leaf beetle, Galerucella luteola Mill. Prin- cipal food plants: European elms.
Treatment: Spray infested trees with arsenical poisons.
Chief accessible articles: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 5th rep’t, 89. p. 234-42; ——_ —— 11th rep’t, 95. p. 189-96; Howard, L. 0. U.S. dep’t agric. Yearbook. ’95. p.3638-68; Lintner, J. A. state ent..12th rep’t, 796. p. 253-64; Felt, E. P. N.Y: state mus. Bul. 20. ’98. p. 1-43; state ent. 14th rep’t, 798. p. 232-35; ©
—— N. Y. state agric. soc. Trans. 799, 59: 279; —— Fisheries,
game and forest com. 5th rep’t, 799. p. 854-59.
260 Spined soldier bug, Podisus spinosus Dall. An enemy of 259.
261 Fungus disease, Sporotrichum entomophilum Peck. An enemy of 259.
262 White marked tussock moth, Notolophus leucos- tigma Abb. & Sm. Principal food plants: horsechestnut, linden, maple and elm trees.
Treatment: Collect and destroy egg masses, spray infested trees with arsenical poisons.
Chief accessible articles: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 2d rep’t,
"85. pp. 68-89; —— 11th rep’t, 95. p. 124-26; Howard, L.0. U.S. dep’t. agric. Yearbook. ’95. p. 368-75; Felt, E. P., state ent. 14th rept, “98. p. 163-76; —— Fisheries, game and forest com. 4th
rept, sep: 798. -p. 4-10. “63 Pimjpla conquisitor Say. A parasite of 262.
~64 Tachina mella Walk. A parasite of 262.
Og
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 865
265 Bag worm, Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis Haw. Principal food plants: arbor vitae, red cedar. Treatment: Hand picking, spray with arsenical poisons. Chief accessible articles: Lintner, J. A., state ent. 1st rep’t, 82. p. 81-87; Riley, C.V. U.S. dep’t agric. div. ent. Bul. 10. ’87. p. 22-28; Felt, E. P. Fisheries, game and forest com. 5th rep’t, 99. p. 359-63. 266 Spiny elm caterpillar, Euvanessa antiopa Linn. Principal food plants: elm, willow, poplar. Treatment: Spray infested trees with arsenical poisons. Chief accessible articles: Weed, C. M. N. H. agric. exp. sta. Bul. *67. 99. p. 125-41; Felt, E. P. Fisheries, game and forest comtoth rept, “99. p.368-71. 267 Pteromalus fuscipes Prov. A parasite of 266. WORK OF GALL INSECTS (268-97) Galls of sawflie, Tenthredinidae 268 Willow apple gall, Pontania pomum Walsh 4 winged gallflies, Cy ni pidae 269 Mealy rose gall, Rhoditesignota O.S. 270 Mossy rose gall, Rhodites rosae Linn. 271 Large oak apple, Amphibolips confluentus Elarr: 272 Black scrub oak apple, Amphibolips ilicifoliae Bass. 273 Oak plum gall, Amphibolips prunus Walsh 274 Gall of wool sower, Andricus seminator Harris 275 Oak leaf-stalk gall, Andricus petiolicola Bass. 276 Oak-wool gall, Andricus lana Fitch 277 Woolly oak gall, Andricus operator O. 58. 278 Fuzzy chestnut leaf gall, ? Cynips prinoides Beutm. 279 Lobed oak gall, Cynips strobilana O. 8. 280 Cynips decidua Bass. 281 Oak fig gall, Biorhiza forteornis Walsh 282 Larger empty oak apple, Holcaspis inanis O. 8.
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
283 Bullet gall, Holecaspis globulus Fitch
284 Rough bullet gall, Holcaspis duricola Bass. 285 Oak leaf bullet gall, Dryvophanta polita Bass. 286 Oak potato gall, Neuroterus batatus Fitch
2 winged gallflies, Diptera Gall gnats, Cecidomyiidae 287 Hickory leaf gall, Cecidomyia holotricha
O. S.
288 Willow cone gall, Cecidomyia strobiloides O::8:
289 Balsam leaf gall, Cecidomyia balsamicola Lintn.
Trypetid galls 290 Small solidago gall, Trypeta polita Loew 291 Large solidago gall, Trypeta solidaginis Fitch
Psyllid galls, Psyllidae 292 Hackberry leaf gall, Pachypsylla celtidis- mamma Riley
Galls of plant lice, Aphididae, 293 Witch-hazel gall Hormaphis hamamelidis Fitch 294 Cockscomb elm gall, Colopha ulmicola Fitch 295 Poplar leaf stem gall, Pemphigus populi- transversus Riley 296 Phylloxera galls) Phylloxera vitifoliae Fitch 297 Larch aphid gall, Chermes abietis Linn.
REE AND WASP FAMILY, H. ymenop tera (298-384)
Long-tongued bees Apidae 298 Honey bee, Apis mellifica Linn. 299 Bombus virginicus Oliv. 300 B. vagans Smith 301 B. terricola Kirby 302 B. ternarius Say 303 B. fervidus Fabr. 304 Psithyrus elatus Fabr. 305 P. ashtoni Cr.
306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317
318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329
330 331 332 333 334 335 336
337 338
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 S67
Xylocopa virginica Drury Clisodon terminalis Cr. Melissodes perplexa Cr. M. aurigenia Cr. Ceratina dupla Say Megachile montivaga Cr. M. melanophaea Smith M.latimanus Say Alcidamea producta Cr. Andronicus cylindricus Cr. Osmia lignaria Say Saelis lateralis Cr. Short-tongued bees Andrenidae Andrena vicina Smith Anmubecu la Smith Aatorbesii Rob. A. crataegi Rob. Augochlora pura Say Halictus zephyrus Smith H. pilosus Smith H. confusus Smith Sphecodes arvensis Pttn. Prosopis elliptica Kirby P. affinis Smith Colletes inaequalis Say Social wasps, Vespidae Vespa vulgaris Linn. White-faced hornet, Vespa maculata Linn. Vespa germanica Fabr. Yellow jacket, Vespa diabolica Sauss. Vespa consobrina Sauss. V. arenaria Fabr. Common wasp, Polistes pallipes St Farg. Solitary wasps, Eumenidae Odynerus unifasciatus Sauss. O. philadelphiae Sauss.
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Crabronidae Crabro uri tas city wise Say C. 6maculatus Say ©. produeticol lis (Pack C.Antereup tus st hare: Pemphredonidae Pemphredon concolor Say
Philanthidae Geree ras den tit romseer: Phu la weh ws /ba laren at ws) Cr:
Nyssonidae Hoplisus phaleratus Say
Bembecidae Monedula ventralis Say M. 4fasciata Say Microbembex monodonta Say Bembex fasciata Fabr.
Thread-waisted wasps, Sphecidae
Sphex ichneumonea Linn.
Isodontia philaédelphica St Fare: Mud dauber, Chalybion caeruleum Linn.
Mud dauber, Pelopoeus cementarius Drury
Ammo phila oracilis Sihars, AS Comm unas, Cr,
Spider wasps, Pompilidae Pompilus marginatus Say Eiaethvop s. Cr:
Scoliidae Myzine 6cincta Fabr. Pa pha.a in oF natal way, Ants, Formicidae Camponotus herculaneus Linn. Cuckoo flies Chrvsididae
yesh y Sas’ Sp.
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 869
Pelecinidae 363 Pelecinus polyturator Drury
Chalcis flies Chalcididae 364 Dibrachys boucheanus Ratz. 365 Pteromalus vanessae How. 366 P. cuproideus How. 20/ Isosoma captivum How.
Braconidae oos Apanteles congregatus Say
Ichneumon flies, Ichneumonidae aos Eimpla inquisitor Say 370 Lunate long sting, Thalessa lunator Fabr. 371 Black long sting, Thalessa atrata Fabr. Seeemmeties glaucopterus. Linn. sia xOchilum-mundum Say o44 Ophion purgatum Say aio Cryptus nuncius Say
376 Ichneumon laetus Brullé
Ensign flies, Evaniidae
alt Poenus tarsatorius Say
Gallflies, Cvnipidae
a(8 Holcaspis duricola Bass
Horntails, Uroceridae 379 Pigeon tremex, Tremex columba Linn. SoU Maphydria provancheri Cr. 381 Currant stem girdler, Janus integer Nort.
Sawflies, Tenthredinidae poebemthredo rufipes Fabr. 388 Allantus basilaris Say
384 American sawfly, Cimbex americana Leach
398 399
400 401 402
403
404
405
~
406
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
BEETLES, Coleoptera (885-597)
Anthribidae Cratoparis lunatus Fabr.
Bark-borers, Scolytidae Phloeotribus frontalis Oliv. Spruce bark beetle, Polygraphus rufipennis Kirby Fruit tree bark beetle, Scolytus rugulosus Ratz. TO ml i-c.,s bias aamie ise ee: he P opti ceale Sel tT: -Callrerap hws] Germ- Xyloterus politus Say Pit y.0'2'e Mess isp. Pityophthorus minutissimus Zimm. Pat y.o" phat hom ws, “sp Bill bugs, Calandridae Grain weevil, Calandra granaria Linn.
Brenthidae
(Eup'salis minut ay Drury
Snout beetles, Curculionidae Mononychus vulpeculus Fabr. Willow snout beetle. Cryptorhynchus lapathi Linn. Plum cureulio, Conotrachelus nenuphar Herbst Elm snout beetleye Magdalis armicollis Say Rhubarb curculio, Lixus concavus Say Punctured clover leaf weevil, Phytonomus pune- tatus Fabr. New York weevil, Ithycerus noveboracensis Forst. Scarred snout beetles, Otiorhynchidae Aphrastus taeniatus Gyll. Rhynchitidae Rhynchites bicolor Fabr.
407 408
409 410
411
412
413
414
415 416 417 418 419 420)
421
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901
Blister beetles, Meloidae Say’s blister beetlee Pomphopoea ga yi Lee. Black blister beetle, Epicauta pennsylvanica
DeG.
Striped blister beetle. Epicauta vittata Fabr. Meloe angusticollis Say
Anthicidae Notoxus anchora Hentz.
Pythidae Eytho americanus Kirby
Melandryidae Penthe obliquata. Fabr.
Darkling beetles, Tenebrionidae Forked fungus beetle, Boletotherus bifurcus
Fabr.
Eoplocephala bicornis Oliv.
Meal worm, Tenebrio molitor Linn.
Scotobates calcaratus Fabr.
Upis ceramboides Linn.
Iphthimus opacus Lee.
Alobates pennsylvanica DeG.
Weevils, Bruchidae
Bean weevil, Bruchus obtectus Say
Leaf beetles Chrysomelidae Argus beetle. Chelymorpha argus Licht.
Clubbed tortoise beetle, Fabr.
Spotted tortoise beetle, Coptocycla
Herbst
Coptocyecla
clavata
Signifera
Golden tortoise beetle, Coptocycla bicolor Fabr. Disonycha caroliniana Fabr. Elm leaf beetle, Galerucella luteola Mil Trithabda canadensis Kirby
Striped cucumber beetle, Fabr.
Diabrotica
Vlitetidet a
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
430 Willow leaf beetle, Lina scripta Fabr. 431 Gastroidea polygoni Linn. 432 Chrysomela bigsbyana Kirby
i Co (ots) Q
philadelphica Linn.
AS4 Ce sca) anes, ec,
435 C. elegans Oliv.
486 C. similis Rog.
437 Potato beetle. Doryphora 10-lineata Say
438 Three spotted Doryphora, Doryphora clivicollis Kirby
439 Gold gilt beetle. Chrysochus auratus Fabr.
440 Chlamys plicata Fabr.
441 Twelve spotted asparagus beetle, Crioceris 12- punctata Linn.
442 Asparagus beetle, Crioceris asparagi Linn.
443 Three lined Lema, Lema trilineata Oliv.
444 Donacia femoralis Kirby
Long-horned woodborers, Cerambycidae
445 Spotted milkweed beetle, Tetraopes tetraop- thalmus forst:.-
446 Saperda puncticollis Say
447 S. lateralis Fabr.
448 S. vestita Say
449 Liopus variegatus Hald.
450 Monohammus maculosus Hald.
451 Leptura vittata Germ.
452 L. proxima Say
453 L. vagans Oliv.
454 L. rubrica Say
455 L. canadensis Fabr.
456 L. cordifera Oliv.
457 Typocerus velutinus Oliy.
458 Cloaked knotty horn, Desmocerus palliatus Forst.
459 Euderces picipes Fabr.
460 Clytanthus ruricola Oliv.
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 8
-! woe oe
Neoclytus erythrocephalus Fabr. Xylotrechus undulatus Say x colonus Fabr. Arhopalus fulminans Fabr. Phymatodes variabilis Fabr. Physocnemum brevilineum Say Criocephalus agrestis Kirby Broad-necked Prionus, Prionus laticollis Drury Straight-bodied Prionid, Orthosoma brunneum
Forst.
Spondylidae Parandra brunnea Fabr. Lamellicorn beetles, Scarabaeidae
Prvehius atfinis. Gory Rough flower beetle. OsSmoderma scabra Beauy. Hermit flower beetleye Osmoderma eremicola
Knoch, Green June beetle, Allorhina nitida Linn. Spotted grapevine beetle, Pelidnota punctata
Linn. Light-loving grapevine beetleye Anomala lucicola
Fabr. June beetle. Lachnosterna tristis Fabr. Earth-boring dung beetle, Geotrupes egeriei
Germ. Dung beetle. Aphodius fimetarius Linn. Tumble bug, Copris anaglypticus Say Tumble bug, Canthon laevis Drury
Stag beetles, Lucanidae Horned passalus, Passalus cornutus Fabr. Antelope beetle, Dorcus parallelus Say Stag beetle. Lucanus dama Thunb.. Checkered beetles, Cleridae Clefus analis Lec. Trichodes nuttalli Kirby ;
874
487
488 489 490 491
492 493 494 495 496 497 498
499 500 501 502 503 504 DOS
D06
507 508 509
DLO 511 012
513
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Fireflies, Lampyridae Soldier beetlee Chauliognathus pennsylvan- icus DeG. 3 Photuris pennsylvanica DeG. Ellychnia corrusca Linn. Eros aurora Herbst Calopteron reticulatum Fabr.
Flat-headed woodborers, Buprestidae
Bronze birch borer, Agrilus anxius Gory Gouty gall beetle. Agrilus ruficollis Fabr. Chrysobothris dentipes Germ. Banded buprestid, Buprestis fasciata Fabr. Dicerca divaricata Say Chalcophora liberta Germ: C. virginiensis Drury
Snapping beetles, Elateridae Asaphes baridius Say Corymbites hieroglyphicus Say C. vernalis Hentz. Ludius abruptus Say Elater nigricollis Herbst Alaus myops Fabr. Owl beetle, Alaus oculatus Linn.
Adelocera brevicornis Lee.
Nitidulidae Banded Ips, Ips quadriguttatus Fabr. Omosita colon Linn. Nitidula bipustulata Linn.
Histeridae Hister lecontei Mars. H. americanus Payk. H. furtivus Say
H. abbreviatus Fabr.
534
535
536 537
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 875
Dermestids, Dermestidae Anthrenus -verbaseci Linn. Buffalo carpet beetlee Anthrenus secrophu- Tariae linn. Black carpet beetle. Attagenus piceus Oliv. Larder beetle). Dermestes lardarius Linn. Dermestes caninus Germ. Pale brown Byturus, Byturus unicolor Say Cucujids, Cucujidae Breonmtes dubius. Fabr. Cavhvartus cemellatus Duy. Corn Silvanus, Silvanus surinamensis Linn. Erotylidae Megalodacne heros Say Lady bugs, Coccinellidae Northern lady bug, Epilachna borealis Fabr. Brachyacantha ursina Fabr. Twice stabbed lady bug, Chilocorus bivulnerus Muls. 15 spctted lady bug, Anatis ocellata Linn. Two spotted lady bug, Adalia bipunectata Linn. Coccinella sanguinea Linn. Nine spotted lady bug, Coccinella 9-notata Herbst Three banded lady bug, Coccinella trifasciata Linn. Parenthetical lady bug, Hippodamia_ paren- thesis Say 13 spotted lady bug, Hippodamia 1l3punctata Linn. Convergent lady bug, Hippodamia conver- gens Guer. Spotted lady bug, Megilla maculata DeG. Rove beetles, Staphylinidae Baecderus littorarius Grav. Staphylinus cinnamopterus Gravy.
876
OG Omer ~ GO WwW oOo wn
Ts S
565
566
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
S maculosus Gray.
Creophilus villosus Grav.
Listotrophus cingulatus Grav. Carrion beetles, Silphidae
Carrion beetles, Silpha Silpha americana Linn. S. noveboracensis Forst. S.inaequalis Fabr. S. lapponica Herbst S. surinamensis Fabr.
Burying beetles, Necrophorus Necrophorus tomentosus Web. N. marginatus Fabr.
N. americanus s@liy-
Scavenger water beetles; Hydrophilidae Sphaeridium scarabaeoides Linn. Hydrobius fuscipes Linn. H. globosus Say Philhydrus cinctus Say Laccobius agilis Rand. Hyd@rocharis obtiwsak ws say. Hydrophilus glaber Herbst H. mixtus Lee: H. nimbatus Say H. triangularis Say Helophorus lineatus Say
Whirligig beetles, Gyrinidae Dineutes discolor Aubé. Gyrinus picipes Aubé.
2G. consobrinus Lec.
G. ventralis Kirby G. minutus Fabr.
Predaceous diving beetles, Dytiscidae Acilius semisulcatus Aubé.
Colymbetes sculpts Harris
567 568 569 570 571 572
573 574
575 576
577
578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591
"592 593 594 595 596
597
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 877
Rhantus binotatus Harris Agabus gagates Aubé. SepuIerulatus Aube.
Ilybius biguttalus Germ. Derwowmectes griseostriatus DeG. Laccophilus maculosus Germ.
Haliplidae Eealiplus ruficollis DeG. Pitas eciatus Aubé.
Ground beetles, Carabidae Anisodactylus baltimorensis Say Pennsylvanian ground beetle. Harpalus pennsyl-
vanicus DeG. Dark ground beetle Harpalus caliginosus Fabr. Chilaenius tricolor Dej. C. sericeus Forst. Galerita janus Eabr. Casnonia pennsylvanica Linn. Platynus cupripennis Say Calathus gregarius Say Dicaelus elongatus Bon. Pterostichus lucublandus Say P..stygicus Say Scarites subterraneus Fabr. Klaphrus ruscarius Say Fiery hunter, Calosoma calidum Fabr. Searcher, Calosoma scrutator Fabr. Carabus vinctus Web.
Tiger beetles, Cicindelidae Repand tiger beetle, Cicindela repanda Dej. Common tiger beetle, Cicindela vulgaris Say Noble tiger beetle, Cicindela generosa Dej. Purple tiger beetle. Cicindela purpurea Oliv. Six spotted tiger beetle, Cicindela 6-guttata Fabr. Cicindela longilabris Say
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
FLEAS,Siphonaptera 598 Dog and cat flea, Ceratopsyllus serraticeps
Gery. TWO-WINGED FLIES, Diptera (599-653)
Humpbacked flies, Phoridae 599 Mushroom Phora, Phora agarici Lintn. Phytomyzidae 600 Chrysanthemum fly, Phytomyza chrysanthemi Kow. Grain flies, Oscinidae 601 Prolific Chlorops, Chloropisca variceps Loew
Trypetidae 602 Trypeta festiva Loew 6038 T. sparsa Wied. 604.7. floreseentiaie Linn: 605 T. longipennis Wied.
Ortalidae 606 Seoptera colon Harris 607 Rivellia viridulans R. Desv. Dung flies, Cordyluridae 608 Scatophaga stercoraria Linn. Anthomyiids, Anthomyiidae 609 Locust egg anthomyian, Phorbia fusciceps Zett. House fly family, Muscidae 610 House fly, Musca domestica Linn. 611 Cluster fly, Pollenia rudis Fabr. 612 Horn fy, Haematobia serrata R. Desv. 613 Stable ly, Stomoxys calcitrans Linn. Flesh flies, Sarcophagidae 614 Sarcophaga gp. Tachina flies Tachinidae 615 Tachina mella Walk.
616 Bombyliomyia abrupta Wied.
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 S79
Syrphus flies, Syrphidae 617 Spilomyia fusca Loew 618 Helophilus similis Macq. 619 Eristalis transvergsusg Wied. 620 E. tenax Linn. 621 E. androclus O.S. 622 E. flavipes Walk. 623 E. bastardi Macq. 624 Sericomyia limbipennis Macq. 625 Rhingia nasica Say 626 Sphaerophoria cylindrica Say 627 Syrphus americanus Wied. 628 S. lapponicus Zett.
Bee flies, Bombyliidae 629 Bombylius fratellus Wied. 630 Argyramoeba simson Fabr. 631 A. analis Say 632 Anthrax sinuosa Wied. 633 A. tegminipennis Say 634 A. fulviana Say 635 A. alternata Say 636 Exoprosopa dorcadion O.S.
Robber flies, Asilidae 637 Diogmites discolor Loew
Snipe flies, Leptidae
6388 Leptis punctipennis Say Soe Chrysopila thoracica Fabr.
Horse flies, Tabanidae 640 Tabanus reinwardtii Wied. 641 Mourning horse fly, Tabanus atratus Fabr. 642 Banded horse fly, Therioplectes cinetus Fabr. 643 Chrysops niger Macq.
Soldier flies Stratiomyiidae
644 Stratiomyia picipes Loew 645 Metoponia fuscitarsis Say
646
647 648
649
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM i
Crane flies, Tipulidae Tipula fuliginosa Say
March flies, Bibionidae Scatopse notata Linn. Bibio albipennis Say
Black flies Simuliidae Southern Buffalo gnat, Simulium invenustum Walk.
Fungus gnats, Mycetophilidae
Manure fly, Sciara coprophila Lintn. Asyndulum montanum Roed.
Gall gnats, Cecidomvyviidae
2 Birch seed midge, Cecidomyia betulae Wintz.
Hessian fly, Cecidomyia destructor Say
BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS, Lepidoptera (654-828)
654 655 656 657 658 659 660
661 662 663 664 665
666
667
BUTTERFLIES, Rhopalocera (654-722)
Four-footed butterflies, Nymphalidae
Milkweed butterfly, Anosia plexippus Linn.
Agraulis vanillae Linn.
Thyridia psidii Linn.
Lycorea pasinuntia Cram.
Regal fritillary, Speyria idalia Drury
Great spangled fritillary, Argynnis cybele Fabr.
Silver spot fritillary, Argynnis aphrodite var. alcestis Edw.
Mountain silver spot, Argynnis atlantis Edw.
Meadow fritillary, Brenthis bellona Fabr.
Pyrrhopyge acastus Cram.
PS phidias fann:
Pearl crescent, Phyciodes tharos var. mor- pheus Edw.
Violet tip, Polygonia interrogationis var. umbrosa Lintn.
Hop merchant, Polygonia comma var. har- risii Edw.
692
693 694 695 696 697 698 699
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 881
Green comma, Polygonia faunus Edw.
Gray comma, Polygonia p rogne Cram.
Compton tortoise, Eugonia j-album Boisd. & Lec.
Mourning cloak, Euvanessa antio pa Linn.
2 American tortoise shell, Aglais milberti Godt.
Red admiral, Vanessa atalanta Linn. Painted beauty, Vanessa huntera Fabr. Buckeye, Junonia coenia Hiibn. Anartia amalthea Linn. Red spotted purple, Basilarchia astyanax Fabr. Banded purple, Basilarchia arthemis Drury Bastard purple, Basilarchia proserpina Edw. Viceroy, Basilarchia archippus Cram. Ageronia feronia Hibn. Awe Orn ax Hiibn. Eyed brown, Satyrodes eurydice Linn. & Joh. Little wood satyr, Cissia eurytus Fabr. Dull-eyed grayling, Cercyonis nephele Kirby Blue-eyed grayling, Cercyonis alope Fabr.
Gossamer-winged butterflies, Lycaenidae Hoary elfin, Incisalia irus Godt. Wanderer, Feneseca tarquinius Fabr. American copper, Heodes hypophlaeas Boisd. Pearl studded violet, Rusticus scudderii Edw. Spring azure, Cyaniris pseudargiolus Boisd.
& Lec. Tailed blue, Everes comyntas Godt.
Pierids, Pieridae
?Eronia argia Fabr. (Africa) Checkered white, Pontia protodice Boisd. & Lec. Gray-veined white, Pieris oleracea Harris Cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae Linn. Catopsilia menippe Hiibn. 20. St atira Cram. Cloudless sulfur, Callidryas eubule Linn.
bo
TOO 701 702
703
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Zerene cesonia Stoll.
Clouded sulfur, Eurymus philodice Godt. Eurymus philodice pallidice Sendd: Little sulfur, Eurema lisa Boisd. & Lee.
Swallowtails; Papilionidae
Iphiclides sp:
Zebra swallowtail, Iphiclides ajax telamon- odes Held.
Tiger swallowtail, Jasoniades glaucus turnus Linn.
Black swallowtail, Papilio polyxenes Fabr.
7Papilio dolichaon Cram:
Psia Tr piediom inn,
Green clouded swallowtail, Eu phoeades troilus Linn.
Blue swallowtail, Laertias philenor Linn.
Common skippers, Hesperiidae Least skipper, Ancyloxipha numitor Fabr. Mormon, Atrytone zabulon Boisd. & Lee. Yellow spot, Polites peekius Kirby Long dash, Thymelicus mystic Edw. Tawny edged skipper, Limochores taumas Fabr. Dun skipper, Euphyes metacomet Harris Dusted skipper, Lerema hianna Scudd. Dreamy dusky wing, Thanaos icelus Lintn. Martial’s dusky wing, Thanaos martialis Scudd. Sooty wing, Pholisora catullus Fabr. Silver spotted skipper, Epargyreus tityrus Fabr. mMoTHS, Heterocera (723-828) Hawk moths, Sphingidae
Bumblebee hawk moth, Hemaris diffinis Boisd. Amphion nessus Cram.
» Deidamia insecripta Harris ) White lined sphinx, Deilephila lineata Fabr.
Grapevine hog caterpillar, Ampelophaga myron Cram.
“I
ie’)
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 SS5
Pen-marked sphinx, Sphinx chersig Hiibn. Sphinx eremitis Hiibn.
Ceratomia amyntor Hibn.
Clear-winged moths, Sesiidae Currant stem-borer, Sesia tipuliformis Linn.
Wood nymph moths, Agaristidae Eight spotted forester, Alypia octomaculata Fabr. Zygaenidae Lycomorpha pholus Drury ©tenucha, virginica Charp. Footman moths, Lithosiidae Hypoprepia fucosa Hiibn.
Tiger moths, Arctiidae Bella moth, Utetheisa bella Linn. Haploa confusa Lyman Tiger moth, Euprepia virgo Linn. Isabella tiger moth, Pyrrharetia isabella Abb. “Sm: . Salt marsh caterpillar, Estigmene acraea Drury Harlequin milkweed caterpillar, Cycnia egle Drury Halisidota tessellaris Abb. & Sm.
Hickory tussock moth, Halisidota caryae Harris
Tussock moths, Lymantriidae Notolophus antiqua Linn.
Gipsy moth, Porthetria dispar Linn.
Flannel moths, Megalopygidae Crinkled flannel moth, Megalopyge crispata Pack. Bag worm moths, Psvchidae Bag worm moth, Thvridopteryx ephemerae-
formis Haw.
Prominents, Notodontidae Cerura cinerea Walk.
884
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Giant silk worms, Saturniidae Luna moth, Tropaea luna Linn. Io moth, Automeris io Fabr.
Royal moths, Citheroniidae Regal moth, Citheronia regalis Fabr. Rosy anisota, Anisota rubicunda Fabr.
Lasiocampidae Tent-caterpillar moth, Clisiocampa americana
Fabr. Carpenter moths, Cossidae
Carpenter.moth, Prionoxystus robiniae Peck
Cymatophoridae
Thyatira scripta Gosse. Owlet moths, Noctuidae AVE. OD yiG aap mee Cael eel nes Feltia subgothica Haw. Xylophasia arctica Boisd. Trigonophora periculosa Guen. Lieueania: pal lens) linn: Pyramidal grapevine caterpillar, Amphipyra pyra- mnidoides Guen.
Or Ghosiea hel yeaie Gat. Cirroedia pampina Guen. Sicoliop tery x labatrix Winn: Scopelosoma indirecta Walk. Cucullia asteroides Guen. Cotton worm moth, Aletia argillacea Hiibn. Plusia balluca Geyer P.mortuorum Guen. Boll worm moth, Heliothis armiger Hiibn. Alaria florida Guen. Melaporphyriaimmortua Gtt. Erastria concinnimacula Guen. Catocala cerogama Guen. Co ultronia. Hiibni
eee ee
———
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901
(9/4) GO i) |
C. unijuga Walk.
C. cara Guen.
Parallelia bistriaris Hiibn.
Panapoda rufimargo var. carneicosta Guen.
Zaie horrida Hiibn.
Homoptera lunata Drury
H.minerea Guen.
Measuring worms, Geometridae Sabulodes transversata Drury Weceacis crocallata Guen. Metanemainatomaria Guen. Caberodes confusaria Hin. Ennomos subsignarius Hibn. Azelina peplaria Hiibn. Kuchlaena effectaria Walk. Mant wotype crocataria Fabr. Plagodis phlogosaria Guen. Synchlora glaucaria Guen. Deilinia erythremaria Guen. Kudeilinia ?7herminiata Guen. Orthofidonia semiclarata Walk. mclacoraphia mellistrigata Grt. Caripeta angustiorata Walk. Epelis faxonii Minot Cingilia catenaria Cram. Nepytia semiclusaria Walk. iyvera cognataria Guen. Euchoeca albovittata Guen. Eucymatogeintestinata Guen. Eustroma diversilineatum Hin. Mesoleuca hersiliata Guen. Meamtaeiliata Guen.
Mera us trata Guen. Gypsochroa designata Bork.
809 S10 811 812 815
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Pyraustidae Grape leaf-folder, Desmia funeralis Hiibn. Pyrausta theseusalis Walk. Pantographa limata Grt. & Rob. Evergestis straminalis Hiibn. Cataclysta ?0pulentalis- Led. Phycitidae Acrobasis rubrifasciella, Pack : Close wings, Crambidae
Argyria nivalis Drury
} Wide-striped Crambus, Crambus unistriatellus
Pack. Cram bus hastitereltius Walk: Unmarked Crambus, Crambus perlellus Scop. Dark spotted Crambus, Crambus mutabilis Clem. Plume moths, Pterophoridae Platyptilia ochrodactyla,Aubn Grapevine plume moth, Oxyptilus perisceli- dactylus Fitch Leaf-rollers, Tortricidae Teras logiana var. viburnana Clem. Oblique banded leaf-roller, Cacoecia rosaceana Harris Ugly nest tortricid, Cacoecia cerasivorana Fitch V-marked tortrix, Cacoecia argyrospila Walk. Cenopis reticulatana Clem.
Grapholithidae
T Rose leaf tier, Penthina nimbatana Clem.
Tineina Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella Oliv. CADDIS FLIES, Trichoptera (829-37)
Platyphylax subiasctatassam
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 S88
SCORPION FLIES, Mecoptera 830 Panorpa rufescens Ramb. 831 Bittacus strigosus Hagen DOBSON AND OTHERS, Neuroptera 832 Ant lion, Myrmeleon immaculatus DeGeer 833 Polystoechotes punctatus Fabr. 834 Lace-winged fly, Chrysopa ?perla 835 Sialis infirma Newm. 836 Dobson, Corydalis cornuta Linn. 837 Comb-horned fish fly, Chauliodes serraticor- nis Say TRUE BUGS, Hemiptera &38-8) | Leaf hoppers, Jassidae 838 Grapevine leaf hopper, Typhlocyba comes Say 839 Red lined leaf hopper, Diedrocephala cocei- nea Forst. Tree hoppers; Membracidae 840 Woodbine Telamona, Telamona ampelopsidis Harris 841 Two spotted Enchenopa, Enchenopa binotata Say 842 Stictocephala inermis Fabr. 843 Buffalo tree hopper, Ceresa bubalus Fabr. Spittle insects, Cercopidae 844 Lepyronia 4-angularis Say Cicadas, Cicadidae 845 Dog day cicada, Cicada tibicen Linn. Lantern fly family, Fulgoridae 846 Ormenis pruinosa Say Plant lice, Aphididae 847 Cherry aphis,s Myzus cerasi Fabr. 848 Pemphigus acerifolii Riley Water boatmen, Corixidae 849 Corixa interrupta dias
104)
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Back swimmers, Notonectidae Notonecta undulata Say Water scorpions, Nepidae Nepa apiculata Uhl.
Giant water bugs, Belostomidae Belostoma americanum Leidy Zaitha aurantiacum Leidy
Water striders, Hydrobatidae Hygrotrechus conformis Uhl. Limmoporus rutosicwvellatus, War
Redurdae
Kissing bug, Opsicoetus personatus Linn.
Acholla multi's pinosa DeG:
Ambush bugs, Phymatidae Phymata wolffii Stal.
Leaf bugs, Capsidae Tarnished plant bug, Lygus pratensis Linn. Calocoris rapidus Say Garganus fusiformis Say Capsus ater Linn.
Four lined leaf bug, Poecilocapsus lineatus
Fabr. Leptopterna dolobrata Linn. Brachytropis calcamamaniall: Chinch bug family, Lygaeidae Lygaeus turcicus Fabr. Chinch bug, Blissus leucopterus Say
Squash bug family, Coreidae
Box elder plant bug, Leptocoris trivittatus
Say Squash bug, Anasa tristis DeG.
Stink bug family, Pentatomidae Mewar a hi laris ) Say.
Harlequin cabbage bug, Murgantia histrionica
Hahn.
= Paci
ee
872 873 874 875 876 877
878
879
880
881
882
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 889
Juniper plant bug, Pentatoma juniperina Linn. Huschistus fissilis Uhl. Mormidea lugens Fabr. Cosmopepla carnifex Fabr. Podisus serieventris Uhl. Breyer icus Say Burrowing bugs, Cydnidae Canthophorus cinctus Beauv. Shield-backed bugs, Scutelleridae Pmeyeaster alternatus Say Lice, Pediculidae Short-nosed cattle louse, Haematopinus eury- sternus Nitzsch Hog louse, Haematopinus urius Nitzsch
THRIPS, Physopoda
Onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lind.
GRASSHOPPERS, Locusts, Orthoptera (ss3-903)
883
884
885 886
887
888 889
890 891
892
Short-horned grasshoppers, Acrididae
Green striped locust, Chortophaga viridifas- cua a DeG:
Clouded locust, Encoptolophus sordidus Burm.
Carolina locust, Dissosteira carolina Linn.
Red-legged locust, Melanoplus femur-rubrum DeG.
Lesser migratory locust, Melanoplus atlanis Riley
Melanoplus femoratus Burm.
Coral-winged locust, Hippiscus tuberculatus Beauv.
Pellucid locust, Camnula pellucida Scudd.
Circotettix verruculatus Scudd.
Long-horned grasshoppers, Locustidae Oblong leaf-winged katydid, Amblycorypha ob- homeifolia DeG.
890
899
900
901
902 903
904
905
906
907 908 909 910 911
912
913
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Broad-winged katydid, Cyrtophyllus concavus Harris
Cone-headed katydid, Conocephalus ensiger Harris
Spotted wingless grasshopper, Ceuthophilus ma- culatus Say
Crickets, Gryllidae
Common cricket, Gryllus abbreviatus Serv.
Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burm:
Long-winged mole cricket, Gryllotalpa columbia Scudd.
Walking sticks, Phasmidae Walking stick, Diapheromera femorata Say
Praying mantis or mule-killer, Mantidae Carolina mantis, Stagmomantis carolina Linn.
Cockroaches, Blattidae Croton bug, Phyllodromia germanica Steph. Cockroach, Periplaneta orientalis Pabr: Wood cockroach, Ischnoptera pennsylvanica
DeG. EARWiIGs, Euplexoptera
Earwig, Forficula auricularia Linn. psecips, Corrodentia
Psocus venosus Burm: TERMITES, _[Soptera
Termites, Termes flavipes Koll.
STONE ©LIES, Plecoptera
Leuctra tenella Prov.
Leuctra sp.
Perla? tristis Hagen
Perla sp.
Pteronarcys ?regalis Newm. DRAGON FLIES, Odonata
Leucorhinia intacta Hagen
Diplax rubicundula Say
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 SOL
914 Libellula pulchella Drury
915 L,-basalis Say
916 Celithemis eponina Drury SE Micrathyria -berenice Drury 918 Plathemis 3-maculata DeG. woe eotharoneuria cynosura Say 920 Aeschna constrieta Say
2b Boyeria vinosa Say
922 Cordulegaster erroneus Hagen 923 Enallagma hageni Walsh
924 Argia putrida Hagen
925 Lestes unguiculata Hagen ZOorerectangularis Say
927 Calopteryx maculata Beauv.
MAY Flies, Ephemerida 28 Ephemera ?simulans Walk. Woeeentagenia vittigeria Walsh 930 Callibaetis ferruginea Walsh BRISTLETAILS, SPRINGTAILS, Thysanura 931 Bristletail fishmoth, Thermobia furnorum Roy.
PROTECTIVE MIMICRY (932-46)
Collection prepared and mounted by the Denton Bros., Welles- ley Mass.
932 Danais tytiaGray (India). This insect is protected from the birds by an unpleasant odor or taste, and it is mimicked by 933, which is not distasteful to birds.
933 Papilio agestor Gray (India). This insect departs widely from the general appearance of most of its close rela- tives. Its resemblance to 932 undoubtedly proteets it from molestation by birds.
934 Hebomoia glaucippe Linn. (China). Under sur- face; note its resemblance to the skeleton of a leaf.
935 Hypolimnas misippus Linn. (India). The female mimics 937, which is protected from birds by an unpleasant odor or taste. Compare with the male, 959.
936 Erebomorpha sp. (India). Note light and shadow effect, which is probably protective.
892 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
9837 Danais chrysippus Linn. (India). Protected by an unpleasant odor or taste and mimicked by 935.
938 Hebomoia glauc i ppe Linn. (China). Upper sur- face; compare with 954.
939 Hypolimnas misippus Linn. (India). Male, not protected by mimicry; compare with female, 935.
940 Monarch butterfly, Anosia plexippus Linn. (North America). A native, very common species, having an unpleasant odor or taste and therefore not eaten by birds. It is mimicked by 941.
941 Viceroy, Basilarchia archippus Cram. (North America). Mimics 940 and differs greatly in general appearance from its close relatives.
942 Kallima inachis ~Boisd. (imdia). » eat punter: fly, under surface; note resemblance to brown leaves and also the imitation of fungous spots.
948 Kallima inachis Boisd. (India). Leaf butterfly. One showing upper surface of wings; compare with 942. And the other showing a butterfly in its resting position on a bare twig, it resembling a brown leaf very closely when in this posi- tion.
944 Attacus atlas Linn. (India). The tip of the wings resembles a cobra’s head.
945 Catocala concumbens Walk. (North America), One specimen is spread, showing the highly colored hind wings and the other is mounted on a piece of bark in its resting posi- tion. Note how inconspicuous the latter is.
946 Caligo sp. (South America). The specimen is shown reversed, a position in which it resembles the head of an owl.
NEW YORK BEAUTIES (947-61)
This collection shows a few of our more beautiful native forms. Prepared and mounted by Denton Bros., Wellesley Mass.
947 Red admiral Vanessa atalanta Linn. Under sur- face; compare with 950, showing the upper surface of the same insect,
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 893
948 Mountain silver spot, Argynnis atlantis Edw.
949 Black swallowtail, Papilio polyxenes Fabr. Under surface; compare with 952.
950 Red admiral, Vanessa atalanta Linn. Upper sur- face; compare with 947.
951 Regal fritillary, Speyeria idalia Drury.
952 Black swallowtail, Papilio polyxenes Fabr. Up- per surface; compare with 949.
953 Eight spotted forester, Alypia S8-maculata Hiibn. A common species about grapevine and Virginia creeper.
954 Luna moth, Tropaea luna Linn. A somewhat com- mon moth.
955 Imperial moth, Basilona imperialis Drury. A rare moth in New York state.
956 Catocala nubilis, Hiibn.
957 Mourning cloak butterfly, Euvanessa antiopa Linn. Very common, and in some sections of the state it is a serious pest of willow, poplar and elm trees.
958 Triptogon modesta Harris
959 Thyreus abbotii Swains
960 Io moth, Automeris io Fabr.
961 Promethea moth, Callosamia promethea Drury.
TECHNICAL COLLECTION (962-1021) PREPARED BY C. S. BANKS Cyanid bottles 962 Empty bottle 963 Bottle with cyanid 964 Bottle with cyanid and plaster 965 Bottle complete 966 Paper shavings in bottle 967 Chloroform bottle with brush 968 Collecting vials 969 Pill boxes Butterfly papers 970 First fold 971 Second fold 972 Butterfly in position
894
988 989 990 gull
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Closed fold Insect pins Pin holder Pinning block Collecting net showing construction. wing frame and wall. Dip net, see model on wall Mounts for small insects Capsule mount Glue for mounting insects! Coleoptera mount Hemiptera mount Orthoptera mount Locality and date labels Mount by Denton method
Plaster cast Mount complete
Alcoholic preparations Bottle with label Bottle with pin Bottle on block
Pinning forceps
991a Forceps for handling insects
992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 LOOL
Sheet cork Sheet peat
Tor
model see
Relaxing device, see photograph in wing frame
Spreading apparatus
Spreading pins with handles
Strips used in spreading, mica, paper and glass
For spreading Microlepidoptera Dr Lintner’s device For spreading Hymenoptera
For spreading Coleoptere
1 Formula: Crush 7% to 10U grams of gelatin or clear glue, preferably the former, and putina
bottle with 100 cubic centimeters of commercial acetie acid (no. 8) and set in a warm place for three or more days, shaking occasionally. Then add 100 ee of water, 100 cc of 95% alcohol and 15 to
20 ce of glycerin. Operations may be hastened by heating the glue and acid in a water bath, but great care must be exercised if this is done.
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 895
For inflating larvae
1002 Larva on blowtube 1003 Drying ovens and tubes 1004 Wire mount on pin 1005 Wire mount complete 1006 Pocket lens 1007 Tripod lens
Insect pests of collections 1008 Anthrenus verbasei Linn. 1009 A. verbasci larva ity Ltaesenus piceus Oliv. 1011 Dermestes lardarius Linn.
Preventives and remedies for pests in collections 1012 Naphthalin cone 1013 Naphthalin ball 1014 Carbon bisulfid 1015 Verdigris on insect Insect cases
1016 Green box 1017 Schmidt box 1018 Dr Lintner’s Coleoptera box 1019 Corner Section insect case (United States national
museum style)
Shipping devices 1020 Bottle in mailing tube 1021 Small box properly packed FRAMED PHOTOGRAPHS
1022 “Bug house,” where Dr Fitch did most of his work, Fitch’s Point, Salem N. Y., photograph, 19 Sep. 1900.
1023 Asa Fitch M. D., entomologist State agricultural society, 1854-72.
1024 Residence of Dr Fitch, Fitch’s Point, Salem N. Y., pho- tograph, 19 Sep. 1900.
1025 Joseph Albert Lintner Ph.D., New York state entomolo- gist, 1874-98.
1026 View of main portion of office of state entomologist, 1901.
896 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Wing frames
1027 Photographs of private office of state entomologist, of the north wing and dark room in the general office, of trays of classified and unclassified insects. Table of correspondence dur- ing the past five years and a note on the state collection.
1028 Staff of the entomologic division of state museum. Table of Fitch reports, list of principal publications of state entomologist, and a note on additional publications.
1029 Blank forms used in office of state entomologist. Offi- cial paper, entomologic field station paper, official postal card, price list of publications, voluntary observer appointment blank, accession slip, receipt slip, locality and date label sheet, gummed labels, special printed labels, blank labels.
1030-31 Title pages of entomologic publications.
1032 Original figures from museum bulletins 26, 37 and a few others.
1033 Photographs of inflating, relaxing apparatus and work table in the general office.
1054 Pattern of butterfly net.
1035 Voluntary observer paper and list of voluntary obser- vers for 1901.
1036 Map showing location of voluntary observers.
1037 Four anatomic plates, showing the structural details of Chloropisca variceps (fig.7, 7th rept), Phora agarici (pl. 2, 10th rep’t), scorpion flies (pl. 4, 10th rep’t) and of Diplosis cucumeris (pl. 2, 11th rep’t).
1038 Miscellaneous plates as follows: upper austral life zone in New York (pl. 4, 11th rep’t), cottonwood leaf beetle collect- ing machine (pl, 6, 11th rep’t), illustrations of 17 year cicada (pl. 9 and 10, 12th rep’t), and the great white leopard moth (pl. 1, 12th rep’t).
1039 Three plates as follows: Work of forest tent-caterpil- Jars in sugar orchard (fig. 4 in special paper on insects injurious to maple trees); forest tent-caterpillars on appletrees (pl. 15 and 16, 16th rep’t).
REPORT OF THE STATE PNTOMOLOGIST 1901 897
1040 Miscellaneous plates as follows: gipsy moth (pl. 1, 16th rep’t), palmer worm (pl. 2, 16th rep’t), work of Scolytus rugulosus (pl. 14, 16th rep’t), fumigating tent (pl. 13, 16th rep’t).
1041 Shade tree pests as follows: maple and elm tree borers (pl. 7, 12th rep’t), elm bark louse and work of elm leaf beetle (pl. 2, mus. bul. 27), spraying outfit in operation (fig. 3 in special paper on insects injurious to maple trees).
1042 Insects injurious to mapletrees: white marked tussock moth and forest tent-caterpillar (pl. 1 in special paper), leopard moth and maple sesian (pl. 2 in special paper), sugar maple borer, mapletree pruner and cottony mapletree scale insect (pl. 3 of special paper).
1043 Fruit tree and household pests: appletree tent-caterpil- lar (pl. 1), codling moth (pl. 3, 4), bedbug, red ant, larder beetle and croton bug (pl. 6). All the plates exhibited under this num- ber were published in the transactions of the New York state agricultural society, 1899, and they illustrate a paper on inju- rious farm and household insects.
1044 Insecticides, results obtained with (pl. 4-7, 16th rep’t).
1045 Insecticides, results obtained with (pl. 8, 9, 10 and 11, 16th rep’t).
1046 Technical characters of scale insects, Aspidiotus perniciosus, A.ancylus, A. forbesi and A. os- treaeformis (pl. 11-15 of Museum bulletin 46).
1047 Aquatic insects, four colored plates representing some of the more important insects occurring in the Adirondacks (pl. 10- 13 of Museum bulletin 47).
1048 Aquatic insects, two colored plates and two black and white plates illustrating methods of collecting and character of one locality (pl. 5, 6, 14 and 15 of Museum bulletin 47).
1049 Aquatic insects and their home (pl. 4, 9, 17 and 18 of Mus- eum bulletin 47).
1050 Dragon flies and other insects (pl. 21, 28, 24 and 26 of
Museum bulletin 47).
898 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
1051 Caddis flies and fish flies (pl. 27, 30-52 of Museum bulletin 47).
1052 Caddis flies and Diptera (pl. 33-36 of Museum bulletin 47).
/
PUBLICATIONS
Noxious, beneficial and other insects of the state of New York, reports 1-14, by Asa Fitch M.D., entomologist of the New York state agricultural society. Two volumes, half morocco.
Lintner entomologic publications, comprising Entomologic contributions 1-4; Report on the insect and other animal forms of Caledonia creek, New York; Report on the injurious insects of the year 1878; Insects of the clover plant; A new principle in protection from insect attack; Some injurious insects of Mas- sachusetts; White grub of the May beetle; Our insect ene- mies and how to meet them; Late experiences with insects injurious to the orchard and garden, 1890; Report of the cominit- tee on entomology, 1891; Report of the committee on ento- | mology, 1893; Report of the state entomologist for the year 1893. One volume, half morocco.
Injurious and other insects of the state of New York, reports 1-15, by J. A. Lintner, state entomologist. Four volumes, half
morocco, New York state museum bulletins
20 Elm leaf beetle in New York state, by E. P. Felt, acting state entomologist.
23 14th report of the state entomologist, by E. P. Felt, acting state entomologist.
24 Memorial of life and entomologic work of Joseph Albert Lintner Ph. D., state entomologist, 1874-98. Supplement to 14th report of the state entomologist, by E. P. Felt, state entomolo- gist.
26 Collection, preservation and distribution of New York in- sects, by E. P. Felt, state entomologist.
27 Shade tree pests in New York state, by E. P. Felt, state entomologist,
2
REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 899
31 15th report of the state entomologist, by E. P. Felt, state entomologist.
36 16th report of the state entomologist, by E. P. Felt, state entomologist.
of Illustrated descriptive catalogue of some of the more im- portant injurious and beneficial insects of New York state, by K. P. Felt, state entomologist. All the bulletins except no. 36 were bound in one half morocco volume.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES PLATE 1 Hessian fly Cecidomyia destructor Say
A wheat plant showing an uninjured stalk at the left and one infested with the Hessian fly at the right. The leaves of the latter are dwarfed and withered and the stem is swollen at three points near the ground where the “ flaxseeds” are located between the leaf sheath and the stem.
a Egg of Hessian fly greatly enlarged as are all figures except e and h
b Larva, its natural size indicated by the line beside it
¢ Puparium, “ flaxseed ” or pupal case
d Pupa
e Adult female ovipositing on leaf, natural size
f Adult female, very much enlarged
g Male, very much enlarged
h “ Faxseeds” in position between leaf sheath and stem
i Parasite, Merisus destructor, male, much enlarged
All from Packard, U. 8. ent. com. 3d rep’t, 6 drawn by Dr Riley, d and f by Mr Burgess, a, g, ¢ and i by Prof. Packard.
PLATE 2 European willow gall midge
Rhabdophaga salicis Schrk. FIG.
1 Breast bone of larva 2 Dorsal view of pupal case, showing setaccous processes 3 Distal segment of tarsus, showing claws and pulvillus from
side
900 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
4 Pulvillus 5 Two segments of antenna of male 6 Two segments of antenna of female. All very greatly en-
larged PLATE 3
Leopard moth ZAeuzera pyrina Linn.
1 Larva and castings
2 Empty pupal case
3 Female moth at rest. All on a badly bored piece of wood
PLATE 4
1 Gallof Rhabdophaga salicis Schrk. on European willow
2 Lecanium nigrofasciatum (After Pergande, U. 8. dep’t agric. div. ent. Bul. 18 new series ’98.° p. 27)
3 Rose scale insect, Aulacaspis rosae Sandb., on black- berry, enlarged
4 Male, female and young scale, very much enlarged
Or
Birch leaf Bucculatrix, Bucculatrix canadensgsis- ella: askeletonized leaf; b molting cocoon; ¢ larva; dhead of larva; eanal segments of larva; f same of pupa; g cocoon with extruded pupa skin; 4 moth—all enlarged. (From /nsect life)
PLATE 5 General view of experimental orchard showing thrifty appear- ance of young trees infested with San José scale, showing how
the pest has been controlled by spraying. Photo 8 Oct. 1901
PLATE 6 Young orchard in bad condition on account of San José seale and yet it became infested later than the orchard represented on
pl. 5 but prior to date had not been sprayed. Photo 8 Oct. 1901.
ecu
Piate 1
Hessian fly
Raa ee
aM i ry m 1 e - eS 7 f y ‘
: eae) ; Pu ia.) | ’ OH al iis
y a ee be) f Fn Eile) 1h) ee
a=
Plate 2
European willow gall midge
Pi oe en hae
: Vy oe ae : PAD bapihoad ie Ttae im ay ege ? “4 d 7, A 1 ,
Plate 3
Leopard moth
et Lay one
Plate 4
Pe:
a eS ea ee Oe (A Se
“Td (yt ate “DULALLCS [¢ (IM OTBAUUOD “SULARdSs JO oNpPRA SULMOUS “PBtpo.to [EJ UML XY
L06L “30 8 OJON
¢G 9481d
@ [d (EM ateduio0s ‘paryo.ao PosejJUL oft gsof uks ‘poteidsuy
106T “290 § O71
9 181d
: PN DEX
The superior figures tell the exact place on the page in ninths; e, g. 803°
means page 803, beginning in the third ninth of the page, i. e
third of the way down.
abbotii, Thyreus, see Thyreus ab- botii.
Acanthia lectularia, 803°, 849°.
aceriella, Lithocolletis, see Lithocol- letis aceriella.
aceris, Pseudoccus, see Pseudoccus aceris.
Acknowledgments, 704°.
Acrididae, 889°.
Adalia bipunctata, 848’.
Admiral, red, 779°.
agaraci, Phora, see Phora agaraci.
Agrilus anxius, 792°, 859.
ruficollis, 889°.
Agriotes mancus, 840".
Albany county, summary of volun- tary reports from, 776°-77°.
albifrons, Symmerista, see Symimer- ista albifrons.
Allorhina nitida, 799*, 844°.
allynii, Eupelmus, see Eupelmus allynii.
Alypia octomaculata, T88*, 838°.
Ambush bugs, 888*.
americana, Chionaspis, see Chion- aspis americana.
americana, Cimbex, americana.
americana, Clisiocampa, see Clisio- campa americana.
ampelophila, Drosophila, see Droso- | phila ampelophila.
——~ Anarsia lineatella, 736’. |
ASA LLIShSe (a 0iG-12, Tas’, 786°, 793*, 796', TIT, 8061, 843%, 849°.
anchora, Notoxus, see Notoxus an- chora.
see Cimbex
ancylus, Aspidiotus, see Aspidiotus ancylus.
Andrenidae, 867'.
Angoumois moth, 801%, 807°.
. about one
Anisota senatoria, 862°, Anomaia lucicola, 8382.
-Anosia plexippus, 844°.
Anthicidae, 871’. Anthomyian, fringed, 751°. Anthomyiidae, 878°. Anthrenus scrophulariae, 803%, 848°. verbasci, 848°-49'. Anthribidae, 870'. antiopa, Euvanessa, see Euvanessa antiopa. Ants, 803°, 807°, 868°. large black, 847°. little red, 846*. anxius, Agrilus, 792°. aonidum, Chrysomphalus, see Chry- somphalus aonidum. Aphids, 778°, 780°, 786°, Moteth ite se. Wt, Lin (92%, (CAE TS Le 808*, 853", 853%, 866°, 887°. Aphis, appletree, 802°. cherrytree, 782°-83', 802%. wooly, 800°. Aphis mali, 791%, 802°. Apidae, 866°-67*. Apis mellifica, 851°. Apple leaf Bucculatrix, 837°. Apple leaf-folder, 836%. Apple leaf-miner, 836°-37". Appletree, insects injurious to: aphids, 791°, 791*, 794°, 802°. Aspidiotus forbesi, 856°. Aspidisea splendoriferella, 837’. Bucculatrix pomifoliella, 837°. bud moths, 788’. Cacoecia rosaceana, 836°.
Ttinies 786°.
793°,
783’, 785%, 7915,
798’,
195",
Carpocapsa pomonella, 797’,
833°.
Cenopis diluticostana, 736°.
902
Appletree, insects injurious to: | Chionaspis furfura, 802°, 8587. Chrysobothris femorata, 834°.
Clisiocampa americana, 786°, 798°, 835%. disstria, 784°, 798°, 861°. Coleophora fletcherella, 784%, 788°, 836°.
malivorella, 788°, 836°. Datana ministra, 786°. Euproctis chrysorrhoea, 835%. Lecanium cerasifex, 777°, 855+. Macrodactylus subspinosus, 785’. Monarthrum mali, 860°. Mytilaspis pomorum, 781°, 784°, 858'. Paleacrita vernata, 795. Phoxopteris nubeculana, 836%, | Saperda candida, 732*, 7348, 834. Schizoneura lanigera, 800°. Tischeria malifoliella, 836°. Tmetocera ocellana, 837%. Xylina sp. 786°. Ypsolophus pometellus, 836). Appletree aphis, 802°.
Appletree bark louse, 7782, 7815, | 784°, 784°, 7857, 790°, 802°, 8297, 858*.
Appletree borer, 808*, 8267. flat-headed, 834°.
round-headed, 734'-353, 7923, 834.
Appletree tent caterpillar, 699°, 776°, 8267, 835°; occurrence recorded, TM OMAN yp CIS) ACS (hon Toles (81*, 781°, 782°, 7843, 7847, 7853, 1865, (87, (8K, T88, 788°) 73898, 789°, 790*, 790°, 790°, 7911, 7915, (927, (92%, 793%, 798° 7938 794* 795°, 796°, 796°, T97?, 797, 798°,
799°, 799°, 799"; citations on, 8027. Appletree worms, red-humped, 778°- 79", 786°. a yellow-necked, 7867, 786°. Apricot, Cenopis diluticostana injur- ing, 736°, 7987. Aquatic insects, special study of, 701°. Arachnida, contributions of, 820°.
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Aramigus fulleri, 8407.
Arbor vitae, 861%, 865°.
Arctiidae, 883%.
Areca lutescens, 856°.
argus, Chelymorpha, see Chelymor-
pha argus.
Argus beetle, 788°.
argyrospila, Cacoecia, see Cacoecia
argyrospila.
armeniacum, Lecanium, see Lecan-
ium armeniacum.
Army worm, 804’, 827’, 845%.
Arrhenophagus chionaspidis, 761°.
Arsenical poisons, 838°, 839°, 839°,
840°, 841°, 842*, 842°, 842°, 8617, 861°, 862*, 864%, 865', 865°.
Ash, insects injurious to: Prionoxystus robiniae, 7447-45’,
TE (hela
Ash, mountain, see Mountain ash.
Ashes, 838%, 839° 841° 842°, 8427,
842°.
Asilidae, 879°.
asparagi, Crioceris, see Crioceris as-
paragi.
Asparagus, insects injurious to: Crioceris asparagi, 842°. Crioceris 12-punctata, 848°.
Asparagus ‘beetle, 780%, 782°, 789°,
794°, 798°, 827%, 842°-437, 12 spotted, 794°, 798°, 803°, 8487.
Aspidiotus ancylus, 779°, 856%. dictyospermi, 856°. forbesi, 856°. hederae, 856’. lataniae, 856°. ostreaeformis, 856°-57°. perniciosus, 801°, 802°, 805°, 857°. tenebricosus, 857°. ulmi, 857°. uvae, 802°, 857°.
-Aspidisea splendoriferella, 8377. aspidistrae, Hemichionaspis, 858%. Asterolecanium variolosum, 746°-
487, 807’, 8551. atlanta, Vanessa, see lanta.
Attagenus piceus, 8037, 848".
Vanessa at-
eee
INDBX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901
Aulacaspis boisduvalii, 857°. elegans, 858’. rosae, 761°, 804°, 8587. explanation of plate, 900°. auratus, Chrysochus, see Chryso- chus auratus.
Back swimmers, 888°.
Bag worm, 830%, 865".
Balm of Gilead, Cryptorhynchus la-
pathi injuring, 780*, 780°.
Balsam, insects injurious to: Cryphalus striatus, 860°. Polygraphus rufipennis, 861°. Tomicus balsameus, 861’. Xyloterus bivittatus, 860".
balsameus, Tomicus, see Tomicus
balsameus.
Banks, C. 8., resignation, 701°.
barbita, Magdalis, see Magdalis bar-
bita.
Bark-borers, 801°, 8297, 860*-61*, 870”.
Bark louse, appletree, see Appletree
bark louse. seurfy, 7787, 802°, 802°, 8297, 858°.
Barley, insects injurious to: Hessian fly, 783°, 796°.
Isosoma hordei, 845°.
Barnacle scale insect, 855°.
Bean weevils, 828°, 850’.
Beans, insects injurious to: Bruchus obtectus, 850’. Colaspis brunnea, 734°. Epicauta vittata, 749".
Epitrix cucumeris, 796°. Phorbia? fusciceps, 751°, 783°. Systena taeniata, 750°-51°.
Bedbug, 803°, 849°.
Bedbug hunter, masked, 849".
Bee and wasp family, 8667-69".
Beech, insects injurious to: Monarthrum mali, 860°. Phyllapis fagi, 799°. Xyloterus politus, 860".
Beech aphis, 799°.
Bees, 851°-52°.
Beetles, 702°, 798°, 870'-77°.
Beets, Epicauta vittata 7497.
injuring,
903
Beets, sugar, insects injurious to: Epicauta pennsylvanica, 749’. Systena frontalis, 842’. Systena taeniata, 798°.
Belostomidae, 888?.
Bembecidae, 868*.
Beneficial insects, 828", 851*-54°.
Bibionidae, 880".
Bill bugs, 870°.
Bindweed, 788°.
bipunctata,
punctata.
Birch, insects injurious to:
Agrilus anxius, 792°, 859°. Bucculatrix canadensisella, 746°, 862’. Cacoecia cerasivorana, 862°. Dryocoetes eichhoffi, 860°. Pityophthorus sp. 860". Xiphydria provancheri, 859°. Birch borer, bronze, 792°, 859*. Birch leaf buccuiatrix, 746°, 807°, 862°. explanation of plate, 900°. biselliella, Tineola, see Tineola bisel- liella.
bivittatus, Xyloterus, see Xyloterus
bivittatus.
Blackberry bushes, insects injurious
to: Aulacaspis rosae, 761%, 858°. Lecanium fitchii, 855°.
Blattidae, 890°.
Blissus leucopterus, 796°, 846°.
Blister beetles, 7497-50%, 807°, 827°,
871". margined, 750*, 807°, 841°. striped, 749°, 777°, 841°.
Boeotomus, subapterus, 721°.
boisduvalii, Aulacaspis, see Aulacas-
pis boisduvalii.
Bombus, 851°.
Bombyliidae, 879%.
Bordeaux mixture, poisoned, 842°,
842%, 842°.
Borers, 807*, 808°.
Boring Dendroctonus, 861°.
Boynton, Margaret F., first assist-
ant, 700°, TOL’.
Adalia, see Adalia bi-
793%,
904 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Braconidae, 869%. calandrae, Pteromalus, see Pteroma- Bran mash, poisoned, 845°, 846°. lus calandrae. brassicae, Phorbia, see Bhorin bras- | Calandridae, 870°.
sicae. calearata, Saperda, see Saperda cal- Brenthidae, 870°. carata. Bristle tail, 803°. calligraphus, Tomicus, see Tomicus Brown colaspis, 734+. calligraphus. Bruchidae, S871". calyptroides, Diaspis, see Diaspis Bruchus obtectus, 850°. calyptroides.
pisorum, 850°. Camnula pellucida, 846°.
brunnea, Colaspis, see Colaspis pean Camponotus pennsylvanica, 847+ nea. canadensisella, Bucculatrix, see Buc- Bucculatrix canadensisella, 746, culatrix canadensisella. 793), S807 862% candida, Saperda, see Saperda can- explanation of plate, 900°. dida. — pomifoliella, 837%. canellus, Typophorus, see Typo- Buckwheat, Colaspis brunnea injur- phorus canellus. ing, 7348. Canker worms, 782°, 788°, 788°, 789*,.’ Bud moths, 788°, 7897, 7907, 7917, 189% 789% 790%, 7945; 7945) 795", 798", 795°, 837". 795°, 7987, 799°, 8001. Buffalo carpet beetie, 848°. Capsidae, 888°. Bugs, true, 887*-89*. Carabidae, 877°. Bumble flower beetle, 833°. Carbon bisulfid, 8O07T*, 846° Ta 8503, Bumblebees, 851°. 850°, 850°, 850%, 850°, 851!, 851 Buprestidae, 874°. carolina, Dissosteira, see DiNch sain Burrowing bugs, 889°. carolina. Buttertlies, S80°-82°. , Carpenter moth, i Seas 779°, 859°. Butternut, Halisidota caryae injur- | worms, 779", 780*, 781°. ing, 862°. Carpet beetle, 803° , 828%, 848°. black, S487. Cabbage, insects injurious to: — Carpocapsa pomonella, 797*, 802%,
Mamestra picta, 8411. 833°.
Phorbia brassicae, 782°. Carrion beetles, 876°.
Pieris rapae, 840°. | earueli, Diaspis, see Diaspis carueli. Cabbage bug, harlequin, S042. | caryae, Halisidota, see Halisidota Cabbage butterflies, 777‘, 785°, 7904, | caryae.
791°, 791", 792%, 8274, 840°: caryaecaulis, Phylloxera, see Phyllo- Cabbage maggot, 7822, 7825. | xera caryaecaulis. Cabbage worm, 7872, 793". Case-bearers, 826%. Cacoecia argyrospila, 7792, S07* cigar, 7845, 788°, 791°, 791°, 836%. cerasivorana, 862°, | pistol, 788°, 790°, 836°.
parellela, 752'-53'. | casei, Piophila, see Piophila casei.
rosaceana, 836°. cavicollis, Galerucella, see Galeru- cacographus, Tomicus, see Tomicus cella eaviecollis.
cacographus. Cecidomyia destructor, see Hessian Cactus scale insect, S57°. fly. Caddis flies, S86°-S7!. Cecidomyiidae, 8667, 880*. caelatus, Tomicus, see Tomicus cae- | Cedar, red, Thyridopteryx epheme- latus. raeformis injuring, 865*. Calandra oryzae, 850". | Celery Plusia, 801°.
INDBX TO REPORT OF THE STATB ENTOMOLOGIST 1901
Celery worms, 807°. celeus, Phlegethontius, see Phlege- thontius celeus. Cenopis diluticostana, quereana, 736°. ? Cephus pygmaeus, 796°. Cerambycidae, 872°-73° cerasi, Myzus, see ee cerasi. cerasifex, Lecanium, see Lecanium cerasifex. cerasivorana, Cacoecia, see Cacoecia cerasivorana. Ceratopsyllus serraticeps, 8087, Cercopidae, S87‘. cerealella, Sitotroga, cerealella. Ceroplastes cirripediformis, 855°. Certificates indorsing nursery spection, 700°, Chalcididae, 869. Chalcis flies, 8697. chalybea, Haltica, see Haltica chaly- bea. n Chauliognathus 789". Checkered beetles, 873°. Cheese skipper, 803°, 828%, 847%. Chelymorpha argus, 788°. Chemung county, summary of vol- untary reports from, 777°. Chermes, pinicorticis, 749°. Cherry aphis, 782°-83', 7952, 802?. Cherry fruit fly, 790°, 796°. Cherry leaf beetle, 861°. Cherry lecanium, 855%. é Cherry scale insect, 829°, 856°. Cherrytree, insects injurious to: aphids, 789°, 790°, 7947, 7957, 19. Aspidiotus forbesi, 856°. Cacoecia cerasivorana, 862°. Cenopis diluticostana, 736°. Clisiocampa americana, 787%, 798°. Clisiocampa disstria, 798°. Galerucella cavicollis, 861". Lecanium cerasifex, 855*. Myzus cerasi, 782°-83', 797 Scolytus rugulosus, 834".
736'-37°, 798
see Sitotroga
in-
pennsylvanicus,
197,
905
Cherrytree, wild, insect injuriousto:
Clisiocanpa T81’, 7938, 835°.
Gree aphis, 802°,
Cherrytree Tortrix, 862°,
China aster, insects injurious to: Cacoecia parellela, 752'-53*. Epicauta pennsylvyaniea,
Chinch bug ere 888".
Chinch bugs, 796%, 8 27°, 846?
chionaspidis, hee orarae
Arrenophagus chionaspidis.
Chionaspis americana, 858°. euonymi, 779°, 858°. PUGH, Colo. ines
858°. pinifoliae, 858°.
Chironomidae, 701°.
Chiropachys colon, 732°.
Choisya ternata, 760°.
chrysanthemi, Phytomyza, see
tomyza chrysanthemi.
Chrysanthemum fly, 843°.
Chrysididae, 868°.
Chrysobothris femorata,
Chrysochus auratus, 803°.
Chrysomelidae, 871*-72’.
Chrysomphalus aonidum, S857’.
chrysorrhoea, Euproctis, see Euproc-
tis chrysorrhoea. Yiecada, 17 year, 862°.
i eada-killer, 759°, SO7*.
Cicada peer tae 862°.
Cicadidae, §
Merastace Sit.
Cigarette beetle, 828°, 851°.
Cimbex americana, 786°.
americana,
THO.
see
802°, S02,
Phy-
83 3
cinerea, Epicauta, see Epicauta cin- erea.
cingulata, Rhagoletis, see Rhagoletis cingulata.
Cireotettix verruculatus, 846°.
cirripediformis, Ceropiastes, see Ce- roplastes cirripediformis.
Citheroniidae, 884°.
citricola, Mytilaspis,
citricola.
see
Mytilaspis Citrus trees, Icerya purchasi injur- ing, 854°.
9732.
Cleridae, ST:
906 NEW YORK Clisiocampa americana, 699°, 776%. See also Appletree tent-caterpil- lars. Clisiocampa disstria, 699°, 735°. See also Forest tent-eaterpillar. Close wings, 886°. Clothes moths, 803%, 828%, 849°. Clover, insects injurious to: Colaspis brunnea, 734°. Phytonomus nigrirostris, 8457. Phytonomus punctatus, 845°. Pyralis costalis, 845°. Clover hay caterpillar, 845°. Clover leaf weevil, punctured, 8451. Coccidae, 702°, 828°-29*, 854*-58?. Coccinellidae, 853%, 875*. Cockroach, 803°, 828°, 8481, 890°. Codling moth, 777°, 797*, 802°, 806°, 826°, 833°. Colaspis brunnea, 734+. Coleophora fletcherella, 7917, 836%. malivorella, 788°, 7907, 836°. Coleoptera, 702°, 870'-77°; contribu- tions of, 809*-13°. collaris, Disonycha, see Disonycha collaris. Collection of insects, additions to, 702"-3*, 808°-24°. colon, Chiropachys, see Chiropachys colon. colonus, Xyloterus, see colonus. Colorado potato beetles, see Potato beetles. columba, Tremex, see Tremex co- lumba. comes, Typhlocyba, see Typhlocyba comes. communis, Melanotus, see Melanotus communis. Comstock, J. H., acknowledgments to, 704°. comstockiania, Retinia, see Retinia comstockiana. concavus, Lixus, see Lixus concavus. concinna, Schizura, see Schizura con- cinna. confusor, Monohammus, see hammus confusor.
784%, 788°,
Xyloterus
Mono-
STATE MUSEUM
confusum, Tribolium, see Tribolium
confusum.
Conotrachelus nenuphar, 778°, 781’,
786°, 789°, 795*, 803°, 806°, 833". conquisitor, Pimpla, see Pimpla con- quisitor.
coprophila, Sciara, see Sciara copro-
phila.
Coptocycla sp. 786".
Cordyluridae, 878°.
Coreidae, 888°.
Corixidae, 887°.
Corn, insects injurious to:
Blissus leucopterus, 846°. Colaspis brunnea, 734°. Euphoria inda, 833°. grasshoppers, 793°. Sitotroga cerealella, 850°.
Corn meal, insects injurious to: Tenebrio molitor, 850°.
Corn Silvanus, 850+.
Correspondence of the office, 700°.
Corrodentia, 890°; contributions of,
820°.
Cossidae, 884°.
costalis, Pyralis, see Pyralis costalis.
Cotton woods, insect injurious to:
Willow snout beetle, 779°-80"*.
Cottony cushion scale insect, 854°.
Cottony maple tree scale insect, 856.
Crabronidae, 868°.
Crambidae, 886°.
Cranberry, insects injurious to: Cacoecia parellela, 752'-53*. Rhopobota vacciniana, 840°.
Cranberry worm, 840*.
Crataegus, insects injurious to: Mytilaspis pomorum, 785’. Saperda fayi, 779°.
cresphontes, Heraclides, see
clides cresphontes. cresphontes, Papilo, see Heraclides cresphontes.
Crickets, 777', 890°.
Crioceris asparagi, 780°, 782°, 789°,
794°, T98°, 842°-43?. 12-punctata, 794°, 798°, 803°, 848°.
Croton bug, 757°, 828°, 847°.
Crude petroleum, see Petroleum,
crude.
Hera-
INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901
Cryphalus striatus, 860°.
Cryptorhynchus lapathi, 745°, 860°. See also Willow snout beetle.
Cuckoo flies, 868°.
Cucujidae, 875°.
Cucumber beetles, 827+. striped, 776°, 782°, 8427. Cucumber flea beetle, 796*, 797°, 842°. Cucumber vines, insects injurious to:
Anasa tristis, 753+. Diabrotica vittata, 842°. Epitrix cucumeris, 842°.
eucumeris, Epitrix, see Epitrix cu-~
cumeris.
Culex, 8037.
cunea, Hyphantria, see Hyphantria cunea.
cuniculi, Cuterebra, see Cuterebra euniculi.
Curculionidae, 870°.
Currant aphis, 785’.
Currant borer, red-breasted, 839°.
Currant bushes, insects injurious to:
826°. Aphids, 788’. Aspidiotus ancylus, 856%. Diastictis ribearia, 839°. Lecanium armeniacum, 855%. Ormenis pruinosa, 797°. Poecilocapsus lineatus, 839°. Pteronus ribesii, 839°. Sesia tipuliformis, 839°. Tenthredo rufopectus, 839.
Currant plant louse, 791%.
Currant sawfly, 8277, 839°.
Currant spanworm, 839°.
Currant stem-borer, 839".
Currant stem-girdler, 790°.
Currant worms, 777’, 782°, 785*, 785%, (35,8 (89%, 190°; - 795, 792", T92°, WS ose oo. 19D” COT, TIT.
Cuterebra? cuniculi, 754°-55", 806°.
Cutworms, 778°, 782’, 790°, 791*, 793°,
827". variegated, 841°.
Cycas revoluta, 858".
_—— Cycnia egle, 786°.
Cydnidae, 8897. Cyllene pictus, 859%. robiniae, 804°, 860°.
907
Cynipidae, 865°, 869°. Cytisus, Mecyna reversalis injuring, 844".
Damsel flies, 701°.
Darkling beetles, 871°‘.
Datana ministra, 7862, 786°.
decem-lineata, Doryphora, see Dory- phora 10-lineata.
Dendroctonus terebrans, 801°, 8614.
dentatus, Phlaeosinus, see Phlaeosi- nus dentatus.
~Depressaria heracliana, 844°.
Dermestes lardarius, 803°, 847°. Dermestidae, 875'. destructor, Cecidomyia, see Hessian fly. destructor, Merisus, see Merisus de- structor. Diabrotica vittata, 776°, 778", 782°, 842°. Diaspis calyptroides, 857°. earueli, 857°. pentagona, 857°.
~ Diastictis ribearia, 839°.
dictyospermi, Aspidiotus, see Aspi- diotus dictyospermi.
diluticostana, Cenopis, see Cenopis diluticostana.
Diplosis pyrivora, 833°.
Diptera, 8667, 878-80; contributions of, 814".
Disonycha collaris, 785°.
dispar, Porthetria, see Porthetria dis- par.
dispar, Xyleborus, see dispar.
Dissosteira carolina, 846’.
disstria, Clisiocampa, see campa disstria.
domestica, Musca, see Musca domes- tica.
Xyleborus
Clisio-
dorsalis, Odontota, see Odontota dorsalis. Doryphora 10-lineata, see Potato beetles.
Dragon flies, 890°-91*. Drosophila ampelophila, 803°. Dryobates villosus, 731’. Dryocoetes sp. 860°.
908
Dryocoetes eichhoffi, 860°.
duodecim-punctata, Crioceras, see Orioceras 12-punctata.
Dutchess county, summary of vol- untary reports from, T77°-79.
Dytiscidae, 876°-77°.
Earwigs, 890°.
egle, Cycnia, see Cycnia egle.
eichhofti, Dryocoetes, see Dryocoetes eichhoffi.
Elaphidion villosum, 859°.
Elateridae, 874°.
elegans, Aulacaspis, see Aulacaspis elegans.
Elm, insects injurious to:
Aspidiotus ancylus, 856%. ulmi, 857°. Chionaspis americana, 858". Clisiocampa disstria, 861°. Euvanessa antiopa, 865%. Galerucella luteola, 738°-41°, 864+. Gossyparia ulmi, 8547, 864°. Hyphantria cunea, 862°. Magdalis barbita, 863°. Notolophus leucostigma, 864". Paleacrita vernata, 798%, 800°. Pulvinaria innumerabilis, 856°. Saperda tridentata, 863°. Tremex columba, 863°. Typophorus canellus, 781°.
Elm aspidiotus, 857°.
Elm bark borer, 8025, 8307, 868°.
Elm bark louse, 804°, 804°, 829%, 8308, 8547, S64.
Elm caterpillar, spiny, 865°.
Elm Chionaspis, 858°.
Elm leaf beetle, 699%, 738?-41°, 7768, G1, 792°, 802% 803%, 804° 830% 864°.
Elm snout beetle, 863°.
English fruit tree scale insect, 8297.
Ensign flies, 869°.
Hntedon epigonus, 722°.
Entomologic field station, 701’.
Entomologist, work of, 801°.
entomophilum, Sporotrichum, see Sporotrichum entomophilum.
ephemeraeformis, Thyridopteryx, see Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis.
NEW YORK STATE
MUSEUM
Ephemerida, 891%. Epicauta cinerea, 750*, 807°, 841°. pennsylvanica, 749°-50'. vittata, 749°, 777°, 841°. epigonus, Entedon, see Entedon epi- gonus. Hpitrix cucumeris, 796°, 797°, 842°. erichsonii, Lygaeonematus, see Ly- gaeonematus erichsonii. Erie county, Summary of voluntary reports from, 779°-81*. Erotylidae, 875’. erythrocephalus, Neoclytus, see Neo- clytus erythrocephalus. EHumenidae, 867°. euonymi, Chionaspis, see Chionaspis euonymi. Huonymus scale insect, 779°, 858°. Eupelmus allynii, 722°. Euphoria inda, 833°. Euplexoptera, 890°. EHuproctis chrysorrhoea, 835%. European fruit tree scale 856°-57-. European 44°. explanation of plate, 899°-900?. uvanessa antiopa, 779°, 790*, 791°, 865°. Evaniidae, 869°. exitiosa, Sanninoides, see noides exitiosa. Experiments with insecticides, 701*. Extension work, 702%.
insect,
willow gall midge, 741?-
Sanni-
fagi, Phyllaphis, see Phyllaphis fagi.
Fall army worm, see Army worm.
Fall web worm, 699°, 778*, 783°, 786°, 186°, 787*, 7907-791", 7T99*, 862°.
Farmers institutes, 702*.
fasciatus, Graphisurus, see Graphi- surus fasciatus.
fayi, Saperda, see Saperda fayi.
femorata, Chrysobothris, see Chry- sobothris femorata.
femoratus, Melanoplus, see Melano- plus femoratus.
femur-rubrum, Melanoplus, see Me-
lanoplus femur-rubrum.
a ee
INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 909
Ferns, insect injurious to: Hemichionaspis aspidistrae, 858".
Fidia viticida, 733'-34', 734°, 8373.
Fig trees, ants injuring, SO7°.
Fireflies, 874°.
Fish moth, 803+.
fitchii, Lecanium, see Lecanium fit- ehii.
Flea beetle, 827+.
pale striped, 750°-51°, 7838, 798°, 802°, 803°.
red-headed, 735+, 842’.
small black, 7967.
Fleas, 792°, 8087, 878".
fletcherella, Coleophora, see Coleo- phora fletcherella.
Flies, two-winged, 878?-80+.
Flower cricket, 802°, 840°.
Flour beetle, confused, 851".
Flying boring bugs, 799°.
forbesi, Aspidiotus, see Aspidiotus forbesi.
Forest insects, 738°-49°, 829*, 859'-62°; study of, 701°.
Forest tent-caterpillar, 699°, 735°, 776°, 8295, 861°-62?; occurrence re- corded, 776°, 778, 778°, 7797, 781’, 7847, 784°, 784°, 7857, 786°, 786’, 123, 180°, 789, 790, 791°, -792?, ie moomoo TO4., 794% 7952 7965, 797", 798*; citations on, 802%, 8027, 8041, 804°.
Forester, eight-spotted, 788*, 838°.
Formicidae, 868°.
Framed photographs, 832', 895’.
Fraxinus excelsior, insects on, 779°.
frontalis, Systena, see Systena front- alis.
frugiperda, Laphygma, see Lap- hygma frugiperda.
Fruit flies, 803°.
Fruit tree bark beetle, 731°-32°, 764°, 795°, 802*, 803°, 805°, 834".
Fruit tree bark borers, 804°.
Fruit tree insects, 826°, 826°-27', 8337-377, 8375-40°.
Fulgoridae, 887°.
fulleri, Aramigus, see Aramigus ful- leri.
Fulton county, summary of volun- tary reports from, 781*.
fulvescens, Theronia, see Theronia fulvescens.
Fungus disease, 864°.
Fungus gnats, 880%.
furfura, Chionaspis, see Chionaspis furfura.
furnorum, Thermobia, see Thermo- bia furnorum.
fusea, Lachnosterna, see Lachnos- terna fusca.
fusciceps, Phorbia, see Phorbia fus- ciceps.
fuscipes, Pteromalus, see Pteromalus fuscipes.
Galerucella cavicollis, 861°. luteola, 699°, 7387-417, 776°, 777°, 792°, 802°, 803°, 804°, 880%, 864°. See also Elm leaf beetle.
Gall flies, 869°.
Gall gnats, 880*.
Gall insects, work of, 8304, 865*-66".
Gall midge, European willow, 741°- 44°.
galliformis, JIXermes, see Kermes galliformis.
Garden flea, 753°-54°.
Garden insects, 7497-57°, 827°, S840%- 44°,
geminatus, Paniscus, see Paniscus geminatus.
Genesee county, summary of volun- tary reports from, 781°-84.
Genista, Mecyna reversalis injuring, 844".
Genista caterpillar, 844+.
Geometridae, 885°.
germanica, Phyllodromia, see Phyl- lodromia germanica.
Gipsy moth, 7007, 802°, 8037, 835°.
Gloomy scale insect, 857°.
Gnathotrichus materiarius, 860°.
Goes pulchra, 779°.
Gold gilt beetle, 805°.
Golden oak scale insect, 746°-49°, 807%, 855°.
Good’s whale oil soap, 770°-75°, 801’; experiments against San José scale, 763°.
Gooseberries, insect injurious to:
Pteronus ribesii, 777’.
910
Gossyparia ulmi, 804’, 804°, 854’, 864". Gouty gall beetle, 839°. Grain, insects injurious to: 827°, 844°-467. Blissus leucopterus, 846°. Leucania unipuncta, 845%. Melanoplus femur-rubrum, 846°. Silvanus surinamensis, 850*. Grain beetles, 804". Grain moth, 8008, 801°, 828°, 850°. grande, Isosoma, see Isosoma grande.
grandis, Lebia, see Lebia grandis.
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Grasshoppers, 702°, 777', 781*, 785°, (85°; 186s, 186%, (Sis, (o2,8 toon 794°, 794*, 796°, 804°, 827°, 889*-90°.
Green worms, 786°.
Greene county, summary of yvyolun- tary reports from, 784.
Greenhouse lecanium, 855°.
Ground beetles, 877°.
Gryllidae, 890°.
Gyrinidae, 876’.
Haematobia serrata, 781°, 786*. Haliplidae, 877°.
Grapevine, insects injurious to: 826°=-"Halisidota caryae, 862°.
Alypia octomaculata, 838°. Anomala lucicola, 888°. Aspidiotus uvae, 802°, 857°. Colaspis brunnea, 734*. Fidia viticida, 7337-34', 837°. Haltica chalybea, 838%. Lecanium armeniacum, 855°. Oxyptilus periscelidactylus, 7998, 838". Pelidnota punctata, 838%. Pulvinaria innumerabilis, 856°. Systena frontalis, 735+. hudsonias, 734°. Thyreus abbotii, 840%. Typhlocyba comes Wal’, S38 Grapevine Aspidiotus, 802°, 857°. Grapevine beetle, 795°. light-loving, 8387. spotted, 777°, 799°, 838". Grapevine fidia, 733'-34*. Grapevine flea beetle, 8271, 838%. Grapevine leaf hopper, 737°-38!, 838°. Grapevine plume moth, 799%, 827}, 8387. Grapevine root worm, 826°, 837°. Graphisurus fasciatus, 779°. Grapholithidae, 886°. Grass, insects injurious to: 844°-467. Allorhina nitida, 844°. Blissus leucopterus, 846°. Lachnosterna fusca, 844’, Leucania unipuncta, 845°. Melanoplus femur-rubrum, 846°.
var. vitis,
827°,
~eeHeraclides
Haltica chalybea, 795°, 838%.
Ham skipper, 803°.
Harlequin cabbage bug, 804’.
Harlequin milkweed caterpillars, 786°.
hederae, Aspidiotus, see Aspidiotus. hederae.
Hellebore, 839°, 840°, 841°.
Hemichionaspis aspidistrae, 858°.
Hemiptera, S87*-89°; contributions of, 820'-24'.
Hemlock, Cryphatus striatus injur- ing, 860%.
heracliana, Depressaria, see Depres- saria heracliana.
eresphontes, 759°%-61°, 7908, SOT.
Herkimer county, summary of vol- untary reports from, 784°-86+.
herrickii, Platygaster, see Platygas- ter herrickii.
hesperidum, Lecanium, see Lecan- ium hesperidum.
Hesperiidae, 882°.
Hessian fly, 699°-700', 705-30, 776*, 7775, 801%, 827’; bibliography, 725°- 30; chief accessible articles, 845°; citations on, 705*, 801*, 8048, 805%, 808°, 845°; effects of continued dry- ness and moisture, 717°-19°; emer- gence and flight, 716°-17°; food plants, 714*; number of genera- tions, 715’-16"; signs of infestation, 719"; early injuries in New York by, 705°-6°; recent injuries in west-
INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901
ern New York, 706°-13'; introduc- tion, 705°; life history, 7147-19*; oc- currence recorded, 779°, 780%, 781}, (82°, 782%, 783°, 787°, 789, 790°, folio oo, O°, 1967, T96", 7965, 797°, 798°, 800°; parasites, 720°-22°; explanation of plate, 899°; preventive and remedial meas- ures, 7237-25’, 801‘, 8457; descrip- tion of various stages, 7137-14".
Heterocera, 882%-86’.
Hickory, insects injurious to:
Cyllene pictus, 859°.
Goes pulchra, 779°.
Halisidota caryae, 862°. Hickory borer, painted, 859°. Hickory gall, 805°.
Hippodamia 15-punctata, 780*.
Histeridae, 874°.
histrionica, Murgantia, see Murgan- tia histrionica.
Honey bee, 851°.
hordei, Isosoma, see Isosoma hordei.
Horn flies, 781°, 786+.
Horntails, 869".
Horse-chestnut tree, Notolophus leu- eostigma injuring, 794’, 864".
hortensis, Smynthurus, see Smyn- thurus hortensis.
House ants, see Ants.
House flies, 788°, 8037, 8287, 847°.
Household insects, 803', 828', 846’- 49°,
Howard, L. O., to, 704‘.
hudsonias, Systena, see Systena hud- sonias.
Hydrobatidae, 888°.
Hydrocyanie gas, 801°.
acknowledgments
-s~Hydroecia nitela, 841°.
Hydrophilidae, 876'. Hymenoptera, 8667-69°; contributions of, 808°-9°.
———
=—Hyphantria cunea, 699°, 778°, 783%, 786°, 786°, 787, 790°, 791°, 799°, 862°.
Icerya purchasi, 854°. Ichneumon fly, 807*, 869°. Ichneumonidae, 869°.
911
inda, Euphoria, see Huphoria inda.
Injurious insects, 705-30.
innumerabilis, Pulvinaria, see Pul- vinaria innumerabilis.
Insect book, 806°.
Insecticides, experiments with, 701+. See also Remedies and preventives for insect depredations.
integer, ? Janus, see ? Janus integer.
Isoptera, 890%.
Isosoma grande, 846%.
hordei, 845°.
Ivy, Aspidiotus hederae 856".
Ivy scale insect, 8567.
injuring,
? Janus integer, 790°. Japan plum, scale on, 801°. Jassidae, 887%. Jefferson county, summary of yol- untary reports from, 786*-87?. Johannsen, O. A., study of Chirono- midae, 701°. Jointworm, 845°. June beetles, 782‘, 827°. green, 799%, 844’. Juniper plant bug, 804°. Juniper scale insect, 857°. juniperina, Pentatoma, see Pentato- ma juniperina.
190s Oe OO:
Kermes galliformis, 854’.
Kerosene, 801%, 801°, 802*, 805°, 837°, 8397, 843°, 8447, 8447, 846%, 854%, 8557, 855°, 855%, 855°, 855°, -858?, 858*, 858", 864°.
Kissing bug, 849%.
Lachnosterna, 777’. fusca, 844".
Lady beetle,
802?.
Lady bugs, 853*, 875°. 15-spotted, 780*. two-spotted, 848".
Lamellicorn beetles, 873*.
Lampyridae, 874".
lanigera, Schizoneura, see
neura lanigera.
minute black, 764’,
Sehizo-
912 NEW YORK STATH MUSEUM
Lantern fly family, 887°. lapathi, Cryptorhynchus, see Cryp- torhynchus lapathi. Laphygma frugiperda, S04’. Larch lappet, 806°. Larch sawflies, 7887. lardarius, Dermestes, see Dermestes lardarius. Larder beetle, 803°, 847°. laricis, Tolype, see Tolype laricis. Lasiocampidae, 884°. Lasioderma testaceum, 851°. lataniae, Aspidiotus, see Aspidiotus lataniae. <a me Leaf beetles, 871-72’. Leaf bugs, 888°. 4 lined, 8397, Leaf-cutter bee, 806°, 852°. Leaf feeder, S07’, 861°-62’. Leaf hoppers, 797°, 887*. Leaf-miner, locust, 861°. Leaf-rollers, 886°. oblique banded, 836%. red-banded, 804’. Lebia grandis, 841°. Lecanium armeniacum, 855%. cerasifex, 777°, 855%. fitchii, 855°. hesperidum, 855°. nigrofasciatum, 748%, 749%. explanation of plate, 900%. oleae, 855%. prunastri, 8557. tulipiferae, 855°-56". lecontei, Lophyrus, see Lophyrus le-
contei. lectularia, Acanthia, see Acanthia lectularia.
Leopard moth, 7457-46, 797°, 802%, 830°, 868°. explanation of plate, 900°.
Lepidoptera, S880°-86°; contributions of, 815'-19°.
Leptidae, 879’.
Lettuce, Thrips tabaci injuring, 785°, 843°.
—~ Leucania unipuncta, 845°.
leucopterus, Blissus, see Blissus leu-
copterus.
leucostigma, Notolophus, see Noto-
lophus leucostigma.
Lice, 889%.
Linden tree, Notolophus leucos-
tigma injuring, S64’.
lineatella, Anarsia, see Anarsia line-
atella. ; lineatum, Rhagium, see Rhagium lineatum.
lineatus, Poecilocapsus, see Poecilo-
capsus lineatus.
Lintner, J. A., entomologie library
and collection, 703°.
Lithocolletis aceriella, 862".
Lithosiidae, 883*.
Livingston county, summary of vol-
untary reports from, 787°.
Lixus concavus, 843".
Locust borers, 804°, S60".
Locust leaf-miner, 861°.
Locust trees, insects injurious to: Cyllene robiniae, 860'. Odontota dorsalis, 861°.
Locustidae, S89°-90°.
Locusts, 889*-90?.
Carolina, 8467. pellucid, 846°. red-legged, 846%.
Long sting, lunate, 805°, 863°-64'.
Lophoderus triferana, SO.
Lophyrus lecontei, 861°.
Lucanidae, 8735.
lucicola, Anomala, see Anomala luci-
cola.
lunator, Thalessa, see Thalessa lun-
ator.
luteola, Galerucella, see Galerucella
luteola.
Lycaenidae, 881°.
Lygaeidae, 888’.
Lygaeonematus erichsonil, 788?
Lygus pratensis, 839°.
Lymantriidae, 8837.
Macrodactylus subspinosus, 785’, 798%, 834°-35?.
Magdalis barbita, 863°.
mali, Aphis, see Aphis mali.
mali, Monarthrum, see Monarthrum mali.
INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATH ENTOMOLOGIST 1901
malifoliella, Tischeria, see Tischeria malifoliella.
malivorella, Coleophora, see Coleo- phora malivorela.
= Mamestra picta, 795°-96', 841°.
mamestrae, Microplitis, see Micro-
plitis mamestrae.
mancus, Agriotes, see Agriotes man
cus. Mantidae, 890*. Mantis religiosus, 755'-57°, 785°,
Ths eCtsifies Manure fly, 844°. Maple, insects injurious to: Aspidiotus ancylus, 856%. tenebricosus, 857°. Cacoecia argyrospila, 779°, 807?. Clisiocampa disstria, 786°, 829°, 861’. Elaphidion villosum, 859°. Hyphantria cunea, 787'. Lecanium cerasifex, 855%. nigrofasciatum, 748°. Lithocolletis aceriella, 862". Mytilaspis pomorum, 784°. Notolophus leucostigma, 864’. Paleacrita vernata, 794°. Plagionotus speciosus, 782°, 790°, 863°. Porthetria dispar, 835°. Prionoxystus robiniae, 744'-45', 859%. Pseudococcus aceris, 749". Pulvinaria innumerabilis, 856°. Tremex columba, 863°. Xylocleptes sp. 860°. Xyloterus politus, 860*. Maple borer or sugar maple borer, 782°, 788°, 790*, 802°, 8307, 863". Maple leaf-miner, 862°. Mapletree pruner, 859°. materiarius, Gnathotrichus, see Gnathotrichus materiarius. May beetles, 777’, 786°, 797+, 8447. May flies, 792°, 891+. Meal worm, 850°. Measuring worms, 885°. Mecoptera, S887‘; contributions of, 819°.
——==Mecyna reversalis, 844°.
913
Megachile, 852}. sp. 806°. Megalopygidae, 883°. Melandryidae, 871*. Melanoplus femoratus, 846°. femur-rubrum, 846%. Melanotus communis, 802". Melittia satyriniformis, 842*. mella, Tachina, see Tachina mela. mellifica, Apis, see Apis mellifica. Meloidae, 871°. Melon vines, Symnthurus hortensis injuring, 753-545. Membracidae, 887°. Merisus destructor, 721*. metallicus, Tridymus, see Tridymus metallicus. Microplitis mamestrae, $41’. Milkweed, ing, 844°. Milkweed butterfly, 844°. Milkweed caterpillars, 786°. Millet, Blissus leucopterus injuring, 796°. ministra, Datana, see Datana minis- tra. minutissimus, Pityophthorus, see Pityophthorus minutissimus. misella Pentilia, see Pentilia misella. molitor, Tenebrio, see Tenebrio moli- tor. Monarthrum mali, 860°. Monohammus confusor, 859". scutellatus, 859°. titillator, 859%. Monomorium pharaonis, 803°, 846°. Monophadnoides rubi, 795°. Montgomery county, summary of voluntary reports from, 787*. Morning-glories, insect injurious to:
Anosia plexippus injur-
Coptocycla, sp. TSO. Mosquitos, 808’. Moths, SS80°-86°. brown tail, 835°. clothes, 803°, 828%, 849°. Mountain ash, insect injurious to: Mytilaspis pomorum, 785’. Mourning cloak butterflies, 779. Mulberry silkworm, 828°, 854". Mule-killer, 890*.
914 NEW YORK
Murgantia histrionica, 804°.
Musca domestica, 788°, 8037, 847°.
Muscidae, 878’.
Museum pest, 848°-49°.
Mushroom phora, 848°-44’.
Mycetophilidae, 880°.
Mytilaspis citricola, 858°.
Mytilaspis pomorum, see Appletree bark louse.
Myzus cerasi, 783', 795°, 797°, 802°.
ribis, 7851, 791".
Nectarophora pisi, 791°, 802°.
Needham, James G., work of, Ode
renuphar, Conotrachelus, see Cono- trachelus nenuphar.
Neoclytus erythrocephalus, 779’.
Nepidae, 888°.
Neuroptera, 887°; 819%.
New York beauties, 8315, 892°-93°.
New York plum scale insect, 855’.
Niagara county, summary of volun- tary reports from, 787'-88’.
nigrirostris, Phytonomus, see Phy- tonomus nigrirostris.
nigrofasciatum, Lecanium, see Le- ecanium nigrofasciatum.
nitela, Hydroecia, see nitela.
nitida, nitida.
Nitidulidae, 874’.
niveus, Oecanthus, niveus.
Noctuidae, 884*-85%.
Notes for the year, 7317-61".
Notodontidae, 883°.
= Notolophus leucostigma, 699", 779%, 785°-90', 792", 794", TOT5, 799°, 864". See also Tussock moth, white marked.
Notonectidae, 888".
Notoxus anchora, 798°.
nubeculana, Phoxopteris, see Phox- opteris nubeculana.
Nymphalidae, 880°-81°.
Nyssonidae, 868*.
contributions of,
Hydroecia
Allorhina, see Allorhina
see Oecanthus
|
STATE MUSEUM
Oak, insects injurious to: Anisota senatoria, 862°. Asterolecanium variolosum, 746°- 48, 855’. Elaphidion villosum, 859°. Graphisurus fasciatus, 779°. Kermes galliformis, 854°. Lecanium cerasifex, 855°. Pityophthorus minutissimus, 860°. Porthetria dispar, 835°. Prionoxystus robiniae, 7447-45’, 859%, Typocerus zebratus, 779°. Xyloterus colonus, 779°. Oak kermes, 854’. Oak worm, orange striped, 862°. Oats, insects injurious to: aphids, 794°. grasshoppers, 793°. obtectus, Bruchus, see Bruchus ob- tectus. ocellana, Tmetocera, see Tmetocera ocellana. octomaculata, octomaculata. Odonata, 890°-91*. Odonata-Zygoptera, TOL. Odontota dorsalis, 861°. Oecanthus niveus, 802%, 840°. Office, new quarters, 705°-4". Office work, 700*-1°. oleae, Lecanium, oleae. Oneida county, Summary of volun- tary reports from, 788’. Onion, Thrips tabaci 843°. Onion thrips, 785°, 848°. Onondaga county, summary of vol- untary reports from, 788*-89*. Ontario county, summary of volun- tary reports from, 789*-90°. Opsicoetus personatus, 849". Orange chaff scale Insect, 858%. Orange county, Summary of reports from, 790*. Orange dog, 759°-615, 807°. Orange scale insect, 858%.
Alypia, see Alypia
see Lecanium
injuring,
-Oxyptilus
INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901
Orange tree, insects injurious to: Ceroplastes cirripediformis, 855%, Heraclides cresphontes, 790°. Mytilaspis citricola, 858°. Parlatoria pergandii, 858°.
Orchids, Aulacaspis boisduvalii in-
juring, 857°.
orientalis, Periplaneta, see
planeta orientalis.
Orleans county, summary of reports
from, 790%-911.
Ormenis pruinosa, 797°. septentrionalis, 801’,
Ortalidae, 878°.
Orthoptera, 889*-90°; contributions of, 820°. See also Grasshoppers. oryzae, Calandra, see Calandra
oryzae.
Oscinidae, 878°.
ostreaeformis, Aspidiotus, see Aspi-
diotus ostreaeformis.
Oswego county, summary of yvolun-
tary reports from, 791’. Otiorhynchidae, 870°. Otsego county, summary of volun- tary reports from, 791°. periscelidactylus,
Peri-
799°, 838".
Paleacrita vernata, see Canker worms. pallipes, Polistes, see Polistes pal- lipes. pallipes, Pteromalus, see Pteromalus pallipes. Palmer worm, 802‘, 803°, 8361. Palms, insects injurious to: Aspidiotus lataniae, 856°. Chrysomphalus aonidum, 857°. Pan-American exposition, ento- mologic exhibit, 703*, 8251-99’. Paniscus geminatus, 807°.
<—— Papilio cresphontes, 760°-61°. ———~ polyxenes, 807°.
Papilionidae, 882.
Parasites, 720'-22°, 732°, 744', 761°, 780°, 828°, S35°, 8417, 841°, 850’, 852", 862?, 863°-64', 864°, 865*. parellela, Cacoecia, see Cacoecia
-parellela.
915
Parlatoria pergandii, 858°.
Pea, Bruchus pisorum injuring, 850°.
Pea aphis, 79138.
Pea louse, 802°.
Pea weevil, 8508.
Peach scale insect, 857°.
Peachtree, insects injurious to: Anarsia lineatella, 736°. Cenopis diluticostana, 736'-37°. Euphoria inda, 833°. Lygus pratensis, 839°. Sanninoidea exitiosa, 834*, Scolytus rugulosus, 7317, 795°,
834".
Peachtree borer, 834
Peach twig moth, 736, 7987.
Pear blight beetle, 834°.
Pear midge, 833°.
Pear psylla, 837°.
Peartree, insects injurious to: aphids, 7911+. Carpocapsa pomomel)lla, 833%. Chionaspis furfura, 802°. Chrysobothris femorata, 834°. Diplosis pyrivora, 833°. Euproctis chrysorrhoea, 835°. Ormenis pruinosa, 797°. Psylla pyricola, 837°. Xyleborus dispar, 834°.
Pediculidae, 889°.
Pelecinidae, 869°.
Pelidnota punctata, 799°, 838’.
pellionella, Tinea, see Tinea pellion-
ella.
pellucida, Camnula, see Camnula pellucida.
Pemphredonidae, 868°.
pennsylvanica, Camponotus, see
Camponotus pennsylvanica. pennsylvanica, Epicauta, see eauta pennsylvanica. pennsylvanicus, Chauliognathus, see Chauliognathus pennsylvanicus. pentagona, Diaspis, see Diaspis pentagona. Pentatoma juniperina, 804’. Pentatomidae, 888°-89°. Pentilia misella, 764*, 802°. pergandii, Parlatoria, see Parlatoria pergandii.
Epi-
916
Peridroma saucia, 841%. Periplaneta orientalis, 803°, S48". periscelidactylus, Oxyptilus, see Oxyptilus periscelidactylus. perniciosus, Aspidiotus, see Aspidio- tus perniciosus. personatus, Opsicoetus, coetus personatus. Petroleum, crude, 801°, 801°, 801’, 802*, 805°, 857°; in experiments against San José scale, 761°-75°. pharaonis, Monomorium, see Mono- morium pharaonis. Phasmidae, 890*. Philanthidae, 868°. Phiaeosinus dentatus, 861+. Phlegethontius celeus, 842". Phora agarici, 843°-441, Phorbia brassicae, 782°. fusciceps, 751%, 783?. Phoridae, 878°. Photographs, framed, 8321, 895’. Phoxopteris nubeculana, 836%. Phycitidae, 8867. Phyllaphis fagi, 799°. Phyllodromia germanica, S47°. Phylloxera caryaecaulis, 805°. Phymatidae, 888*. Physopeda, 889*. Phytomyza chrysanthemi, 843°. Phytomyzidae, 878°. Phytonomus nigrirostris, 845°. punctatus, 845+. piceus, Attagenus, see piceus. picta, Mamestra, see Mamestra picta. pictus, Cyllene, see Cyllene pictus. Pieridae, 881-82°. Pieris rapae, 777‘, 1 TO, 192°. 840% Pigeon Tremex, 8058, 863°. Pimpla conquisitor, 885°, 8622, 864°. Pine, insects injurious to: Chermes pinicorticis, 749°. Chionaspis pinifoliae, 858°. Colaspis brunnea, 734’. Dendroctonus 861". Gnathotrichus materiarius, 860°,
see Opsi-
7575, 803%,
Attagenus
785°,
787", 790%,
terebrans, 801°,
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Pine, insects injurious to: Lophyrus lecontei, 861°. Monohammus confusor, 8597.
scutellatus, 859°. titillator, 859°. Pissodes strobi, 860°. Pityogenes sp. 860°. Rhagium lineatum, 860°. Tomicus cacographus, 801°, 861*. caelatus, 861°. calligraphus, 801°, 860°. pini, 861’.
Pine leaf scale insect, 8585.
Pine sawyer, 8297, 859", 85958.
Pine weevil, white, 860°.
pini, Tomicus, see Tomicus pini.
pinicorticis, Chermes, see Chermes
pinicorticis.
pinifoliae, Chionaspis, see Chion- aspis pinifoliae.
Piophila casei, 803°, S47*.
pisi, Nectarophora, see Nectaro- phora. pisi.
pisorum, Bruchus, see Bruchus pisorum.
Pissodes strobi, 860°. Pitch pine twig tortrix, 859%. Pityogenes sp. 860°. Pityophthorus sp. 860°. minutissimus, 860°. Plagionotus speciosus, 782°, 790°, 802°, 8637. Plant lice, see Aphids. Plaster, 888%, 841°, 842°, 842", 842°. Plates, explanation of, 899*-900°. Platygaster herrickii, 721°-22?. Plecoptera, 890°. plexippus, Anosia, see Anosia plexip- pus. Plum cureulio, 778’, 781°, 786°, 789%, 795*, 795’, 803°, 806*, 8267, 8337. Plumtrees, insects injurious to: Anasa tristis, 753%.
788",
aphids, 783), 786", (190% 791F. TO.
Aspidiotus ostreaeformis, 856°- TI
bud moth, 788". Cenopis diluticostana, 736°. Chrysobothris femorata, 834°.
INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATRH ENTOMOLOGIST 1901
Plumtvrees, insects injurious to: Conotrachelus nenuphar, 786°, 795", 806°, 833’. Lecanium prunastri, 855’. Paleacrita vernata, 794°. Scolytus rugulosus, 731°, 795°, 834. ~=Plusia simplex, 801°. Podisus spinosus, 841°, 864°. = Podosesia syringae, 779°. Poecilocapsus lineatus, 889° Poeciloptera septentrionalis, SOL.
7 <Porthetria dispar, 700’,
Polistes pallipes, 788°.
politus, Xyloterus, see Xyloterus politus. Pollen-earriers, 851*-52°.
Polygonotus Ae licicola, 7445.
Polygraphus rufipennis, 861°.
polyxenes, Papilio, see Papilio polyxenes.
pometellus, Ypsolophus, see Ypsolo-
phus pometellus.
pomifoliella, Bueculatrix, see Bueccu-
latrix pomifoliella. pomonella, Carpocapsa, capsa pomonella. pomorum, Mytilaspis, see Appletree bark louse.
Pompilidae, 868*.
Poplar, insects injurious to: carpenter worms, 780". Cryptorhynchus lapathi,
780°, 860%. Huvanessa antiopa, 865°. Hiyphantria cunea, 862°. Saperda calcarata, SOT’, 859°. Trichiocampus viminalis, 861’. Poplar borer, 859%.
see Carpo-
to;
27 Uo",
802°, &( 835°. Potassium cyanid, 807? Potato, insects injurious to: Colaspis brunnea, 734°. Doryphora 10-lineata, 841+. Epicauta cinerea, 841°. pennsylvanica, 749°. vittata, 749°, 777%, 841°. Epitrix cucumeris, 796*, 842°, Hydroecia nitela, 841°,
197,
o
917 Potato beetles,. 777, 7777, fr bske ST (Fhs (82', 782°, 782°, 785% 785°, 785: (86°, 788°, 789% 790°-911 791% 192°, 7931, 7947, 7944, 794° 795% Cte Te eos pratensis, Lygus, see Lygus praten- sis.
Praying mantis, European, 7557-57",
785°, 787°, 787°, 890'. Predaceous diving beetles, 876°-77 Predaceous insects, 853'. ~Prionoxystus robiniae, 7447-45’, 779 859%. prosopidis, Nerophilaspis, see Nero-
philaspis prosopidis.
Prosopis velutina, 857°.
Protective mimicry, collection illus- trating, 831°, 891*-92°.
provancheri, Niphydria, see dria provancheri.
Xiphy-
pruinosa, Ormenis, see Ormenis pruinosa.
prunastri, Lecanium, see Lecanium prunastri.
91
Prunes, Aphids injuring, 783". Pseudoccus aceris, 749".
890°. Psychidae, 883°. Psylla pyric a 837°. Psyllidae, 866°. Pteromalus calandrae, 850’.
Psocids,
fuscipes, 865%.
SoQov VPP
pallipes,
vanessae, 862’. Pteronus ribesii, 839%. See also Cur- rant worms.
Pterophoridae, 886°.
Publications, 702', 832°, 898°-99°; list, 800°-8*.
Pulvinaria innumerabilis, 856°.
punctata, Pelidnota, see Pelidnota punctata.
punctatus, Phytonomus, see Phyto- nomus punetatus.
purehasi, Icerya, see Icerya pur- chasi.
Putnam’s scale insect, 779°, 829°, 856'
pygmaeus, ?Cephus, see ? Cephus
pygmaeus.
918 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Pyralis costalis, 845°. Remedies and preventives for: Pyraustidae, S86’ appletree borer, round-headed Pyrethrum, 840°, 841°, 843°. 834". pyricola, Psylla, see Psylla_ pyri- gee re ee 802°, cola. 8044, 835 pyrina, Zeuzera, see Zeuzera pyvina. army worm, 845%. pyrivora, Diplosis, see Diplosis pyri- asparagus beetle, 842°. vora. 12 spotted, 548°. Pythidae, 871°. Aulacaspis rosae, 804°. bag worm, 865". Queens county, summary of volun- bark borers, S01’, tary reports from, 791‘-92". bark louse, scurfy, 802°, 802°, quercana, Cenopis, see Cenopis quer- 858". cana. bean weevil, 850". Quinees, insects injurious to: bedbug, 849°. bud moths, 788". bedbug hunter, masked, 849". Carpocapsa pomonella, 806°. birch borer, bronze, 859°. Ceroplastes cirripediformis, 855°. birch leaf Bucculatrix, 746°. Euproctis chrysorrhoea, 835° blister beetles, 777°, 807°. Zeuzera pyvina, 745%, 797°. margined, 8077, 841°.
Guindecem-punctata, Hippodamia, see Hippodamia 15-punctata.
Rabbit botfly, 754-557, S06’.
rapae, Pieris, see Pieris rapae.
Raspberry bushes, insects injurious
to: 826°. Agrilus ruficollis, 839°, Anasa tristis, 753+. Aulacaspis rosae, 7617, 804°,
858°. Lecanium fitehii, 855°. Mamestra picta, 796°. Oecanthus niveus, 840".
Raspberry sawflies, 795°. Gee
Red seale insect of Florida, 85 _ Reduviidae, 8S8*. religiosus, Mantis, see Mantis relig- iosus. Remedies and preventives for: angoumois moth, SOT®. ants, 807°. large black, 847 little red, 846°. apple leaf Bucculatrix, 837?. apple leaf-folder, 836°. apple leaf-miner, 886°. appletree bark louse, appletree borer, SO8°. flat-headed, 834°.
8028, S58".
striped, 841°. brown tail moth, 835% bud moth, 887°. 3uffalo carpet beetle, S48". bumble flower beetle, 833°. cabbage butterfly, 840°. carpet beetle, black, 848°. case- ee cigar, 836°. pistol, 8 celery Sane SOL. celery worms, 807° cheese skipper, S47* cherry leaf beetle, 8617. cherry lecanium, 855%. cherry scale insect, 856°. chinch bug, 846%. chrysanthemum fly, 843°, cigarette beetle, 851°. clothes moth, S49°.
clover hay caterpillar, 845°.
clover leaf weevil, punctured, 8451.
cockroach, S48".
98 Qoe
codling moth, 802%, 833%. corn Silvanus, 850°.
cottony cushion scale insect, 8545.
cottony mapletree scale insect, 8567.
‘anberry worm, 840°.
INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 919
Remedies and preventives for:
croton bug, 757°, 847°. cucumber pee striped, 842°. eucumber flea beetle, 842°. currant borers, red-breasted, eurrant sawfly, 839°. eurrant spanworm, 839°. eurrant stem-borer, 839". cutworm, variegated, 841°. elm bark-borer, 802°, 863°. elm bark louse, 854°, S64. elm caterpillar, spiny, 865° elm leaf beetle, 738°, 802°, 864+. elm snout beetle, 865%. European fruit tree scaie insect, 857". flea-beetle, pale striped, 751’. red-headed, 842°. flour beetle, ieee 8512. forest tent-caterpillar, 802°, SO4, 861°. forester, 8-spotted, 838°. fruit tree bark beetle, S34°. fruit tree bark borer, 804°. garden flea, 754°. genista caterpillar, S44". gipsy moth, 835°. golden oak scale, 748", SOT’, 855! gouty gall beetle, 839°. grain moth, 8018, 850°. grapevine Aspidietus, 802°. grapevine beetle, light-loving, 838". spotted, 838°. grapevine flea beetle, 838* grapevine leaf hopper, 838°. grapevine plume moth, 838° grapevine root worm, 837° greenhouse lecanium, 855° Hessian fly, 7231-25’, 8014, 804°, 8054, 808%, 845°. house fly, 847°. Isosoma grande, 846". ivy scale insect, 856°. jointworm, 845°. June beetle, green, 844°. kissing bug, 8497. larder beetle, 847°. leaf bug, 4 lined, 839".
Remedies and preventives for:
leaf-roller, oblique banded. 836°.
leopard moth, 863°.
locust, red-legged, 846°.
locust borer, 804°.
manure fly, 844°.
mapletree borer, S025, 8632.
mapletree pruner, 859°.
May beetles, 8447.
meal worm, 850°.
museum pest, S48°.
mushroom Phora, 843°,
New York plum seale insect, 855°.
onion thrips, 843°.
Palmer worm, 836".
pea weevil, 850%.
peachtree borer, 834+.
pear blight beetle, 834°.
pear midge, 833°.
pear psylla, 837°.
plum curculio, 833".
poplar borers, S07".
potato beetle, S41*%
rabbit bottly, S0G*.
red scale insect of Florida, 857°.
rhubarb curculio, 8437,
rice weevil, Sao
rose beetles, 835
rose beetle, Fuller’s, 840°.
rose scale insect, 858°.
San José seale, 761°-75°, 801’, SOL*, 802*, 802’, 857°.
shield-bearer, resplendent, 837°.
silver fish, 849°.
squash bug, 843%.
squash vine borer, 842*.
stalk-borer, 841°.
tent-caterpillar, SO4*.
Thyreus abbotii, 840°.
tomato worm, S842’.
tuliptree scale insect, 855°.
tussock moth, white marked, S64".
webworm, fall, 862".
wheat wireworm, 840%.
white flower cricket, S40".
wireworms, 802".
wooly aphis, S00”.
zebra caterpillar, 841.
920
Remedies and preventives for insect
depredations: arsenical poisons, 888°, 839%, 839°, 840°, 8417, 8421, 842°, 842°, 8617, 861°, 862%, 8644, 8651, 865° ashes, 838%, 839°, 841° 842°, 8427, 842°. bordeaux mixture, 8423, 8427, 842°. bran mash, poisoned, 845°, 846°. carbon bisulfid, S077, 846°, 850°, 8503, 850°, 850°, 8507, 850°, 851°, 8513. hellebore, 839%, 840°, 841°. hydrocyanic acid gas, 801°. kerosene, sor", 801°, 802%, 805’, 837°, 8397, 843°, 8447, 8447, 846°, sey 8557, 855°, 855°, 8, 858 8587, 864°.
poisoned,
855°, 855°,
pies ae crude, 761°-75°, 801%, 801°, 8017, 802, 8057, 857°. plaster, 838°, 8415, 842°, 842’,
842°.
potassium cyanid, 807°. pyrethrum, 840°, 841°, 843°. salt, 845° whale oil soap, 763°, 770°-75', USS, 801’, 801°, 801°, 801°, 802*, 8057, 843°, 8548, 855°, 857°, 8577, 858°, 858%, 858’, 864°. Rensselaer county, summary of yol- untary reports from, 792°. Retinia comstockiana, 859*. reversalis, Mecyna, see Mecyna re- versalis. Rhabdophaga salicis, 741°-44°. explanation of plates, 899°-900", 900+. Rhagium, ribbed, 860°. Rhagium lineatum, 860°. Rhagoletis cingulata, 790°, 796°. thopalocera, 880°-82°. Rhopobota vacciniana, 840'. Rhubarb, Lixus concayus injuring, 8437. Rhubarb curculio, 8437. Rhynchitidae, 870°. ribearia, Diastictis, see ribearia.
Diastictis
NEW YORK STATE
MUSEUM
ribesii, Pteronus ribesii.
ribis, Myzus, see Myzus ribis.
Rice weevil, 850°.
Pteronus, see
robiniae, Cyllene, see Cyllene rob- iniae. robiniae, Prionoxystus, see Prion-
oxystus robiniae. Rockland county, summary of vol- untary reports from, 792%.
rosaceana, Cacoecia, see Cacoecia rosaceana. rosae, Aulacaspis, see Aulacaspis
rosae. Rose beetles, 785°, 785", 793%, 8267, 834-35". Fuller’s, 840°. Rosebushes, insects injurious to: aphids, 777. Aramigus fulleri, 840°. Aulacaspis rosae, 761°, 858°. Macrodactylus subspinosus, 834°- 30°. Rose seale insect, 761°, 858°. explanation of plate, 900°. tove beetles, 875°-76°. rubi, Monophadnoides, see phadnoides rubi.
Mono-
ruficollis, Agrilus, see Agrilus rufi- collis.
rufipennis, Polygraphus, see Poly- graphus rufipennis.
rufopectus, Tenthredo, see Tenth- redo rufopectus.
rugulosus, Scolytus, see Scolytus
rugulosus.
Rye, Hessian fly injuring, 783°.
Rye meal, Tenebrio moliter injuring, 850°.
Saddle back caterpillar, 808". Sago palm, 858’.
St Lawrence county, summary of voluntary reports from, 792*-93°. salicicola, Polygonotus, see Polygon-
otus salicicola. salicis, Rhabdophaga, see Rhabdo- phaga salicis.
INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901
salicis, Tridymus, see Tridymus sali- cis.
Salt, 845°.
San José scale, 7014, 8014, 801°, 802°, 802°, 805°, 829°, 857°; experimental work against, 761°-75’. |
Sanninoidea exitiosa, S34".
; Saperda calearata, 807*, 859°. . candida, 732', 734°-35°, 792°, 808’, 834".
ays, 79", W79". tridentata, 802°, 863°. Saratoga county, Summary of yol- ultary reports from, 795°. Sarcophagidae, S7S*. Saturniidae, 884°. satyriniformis, Melittia, see Melittia satyriniformis. saucia, Peridroma, saucia. Sawrflies, 786°, 7967, 865+-66", 869°. pine, SG6L°. poplar, 861°. Seale insects, 702°, 854*-58°, 828°-29', 855%. Scarabaeidae, S73. Scavenger water beetles, S76*. Schenectady county, summary reports from voluntary observers, 798°. | Schizoneura lanigera, 800°. —=-Schizura concinna, 778°-79', 786°.
see Peridroma
of
Schoharie county, summary of re- ports from voluntary observers, 793°-944.
Schuyler county, summary of re- ports from voluntary observers, 794.
Sciara sp. 804+.
coprophila, 844°.
Scoliidae, 868°.
Scolytidae, 870*.-
Scolytids, 860-614.
Scolytus rugulosus, 731°-32°, 795°, 802*, 803°, 804%, 805°, 834"
Scorpion flies, SS87'.
scrophulariae, Anthrenus, see Anth- renus scrophulariae.
Scurfy bark louse, see Bark louse, seurfy.
764°,
921
scutellatus, Monohammus, see Mono- hammus scutellatus.
Scutelleridae, 889°.
senatoria, Anisota, see Anisota sena- toria.
Seneca county, summary of volun- tary reports from, 795!-96°,
septendecim, Cicada, see Cicada sep- tendecim.
septentrionalis, Ormenis, see Or- menis septentrionalis. serrata, Haematobia, see Haema-
tobia serrata. serraticeps, Ceratopsyllus, topsyllus serraticeps.
See Cera-
yeSesia tipuliformis, 859".
Sesiidae, 883°. Shad flies, 792°. Shade tree pests, 701°, 758°-49°, 788°, 830', 863'-65*. Shield-backed bugs, 889°. Shield-bearer, resplendent,
sh<Sibine stimulea, S08".
Silkworm, 828°, 854°. giant, 884". Silphidae, 876°. Silvanus surinamensis, 850%. Silver fish, 849°. simplex, Plusia, see Plusia simplex. Simuliidae, 880°. Siphonaptera, 878".
«=. Sitotroga cerealella, 800°, 801°, 807°,
850°.
Skippers, common, 882°.
Small fruit insects, 826°-27%, 887°-40".
Smynthurus hortensis, 755°-54".
Snake worm, 804°.
Snapping beetles, 874°.
Snout beetles, S70".
Snowball tree, Aphids injuring, 788".
Soldier beetle, 789".
Soldier bug, spined, 841°, 864°.
Southern forms, unusual abundance, T57°-61".
speciosus, Plagionotus, see Plagion- otus speciosus.
speciosus, Sphecius, see Sphecius speciosus.
Sphecidae, 868°.
Sphecius speciosus, 759%, 807°.
Qo9
OF a
Sphingidae, 882°.
Spinach flea beetle, 785°.
spinosus, Podisus, see Podisus spin-
OSUS.
Spittle insects, 887°.
splendoriferella, Aspidisea, see Aspi-
disca splendoriferella.
Spondylidae, 875°.
Sporotrichum entomophilum, 864°.
Spraying and poultry, SO4.
Spraying shade trees, cost of, T59°-
41°.
Springtails, 754°.
Spruce, insects injurious to: Cryphalus striatus, 860°. Dryocoetes sp. SGO*. Monohammus confusor, 85 Polygraphus rufipennis, 861°.
Spruce bark beetle, 861°.
Squash beetles, striped, 778’.
Squash bug, 753%,
(se I, WSR WG, Try Sos, 827', 843%, 849°.
Squash bug family, 888’.
Squash vine borer, 842°.
Squash vines, insects injurious to: Anasa tristis, 753, 796°-97', 843%. Melittia satyriniformis, 842", Smynthurus hortensis, 753°-54".
Stag beetles, 873°.
Stalk-borer, 841°.
Standard oil, 762°, 765°-67°, T75°.
Staphylinidae, 875°-76°.
stimulea,
lea
Stink bug, see Squash bug.
Stink bug family, SSS’.
Stone flies, S90*.
Stored food products, insects affect-
ing, 828*, 850-514.
Stratiomyiidae, 879°.
Strawberry plants, Chionaspis eu-
onymi injuring, 858°.
Strawberry root worm, 781°.
striatus,
UU 1b CH Thess
Sibine, see Sibine stimu-
Cryphalus, see striatus. strobi,
Cryphalus
Pissodes, see Pissodes strobi. subapterus, Boeotomus, see Boeoto-
mus subapterus.
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
subspinosus, Macrodactylus, see Macrodactylus subspinosus.
Sugar beets, see Beets, sugar.
Sugar maple borer, see Maple borer.
Summaries of reports from vyolun-
T16-805.
see Silvanus
tary observers, surinamensis, Silvanus, surinamensis. Swallow tails, 882°. giant, 759°-61*%, 790°. Symmerista albifrons, SOT syringae, Podosesia, see Podosesia syringae. Syrphidae, 879. Systematic collection, 8380°-351°. Systena frontalis, 735*, 842°. hudsonias, 734. taeniata, 750°-51°, 783°, 803?.
798°, 802°,
tabaci, Thrips, see Thrips tabaci. Tabanidee, 879%.
Tachina mella, 862°, 864°. Tachinidae: 878°. taeniata, Systena,
ata.
Tangerine, Parlatoria pergandii in- juring, S58*.
Tarnished plant bug, 827°, 839°.
Technical collection, 831°-82’, 957.
see Systena taeni-
893°- tenebricosus, Aspidiotus, iotus tenebricosus. Tenebrio molitor, 850°. Tenebrionidae, 871+. Tent-caterpillars, 77 782°, 18, 71857, 79s, TOs, 719bh 195% CS, Tier. 7998, 8001, 804". Appletree tent-caterpillar; tent-caterpillar. Tenthredinidae, 865°, 869°. Tenthredo rufopectus, 839°.
see Aspid-
See also Forest
terebrans, Dendroctonus, see Den- droctonus terebrans.
Termites, 890°.
testaceum, Lasioderma, see Lasio-
derma testaceum. Texas flies, TSG",
Thalessa lunator, 805°, 868°-64",
INDEX TO REPORT OF
Thermobia furnorum, 803%, 849%, Theronia fulvescens, 862°. Thorn tree, Clisiocampa americana, injuring, 7S87?, Thrips, 7967, 889". Thrips tabaci, 785°, 843°. _~=Thyreus abbotii, 840°. "_ Thyridopteryx 865°. Thysanura, contributions of, 820". Tiger beetles, 877°. Timothy, insects injurious to: Hessian fly, 783°. thrips, 796. —_ = Tinea pellionella, 803°. id Tineina, S865. —Tineola biselliella, 849°. Tipulidae, SS80*. tipuliformis, Sesia, see Sesia tipuli- formis. ee Tischeria malifoliella, 836°-37'. : titillator, Monohammus, see Mono- hammus titillator.
ephemeraeformis,
TEE tention _- Tolype laricis, 806°.
Tomato worm, 842'.
Tomatoes, insects injurious to: Doryphora 10-lineata, 782". HWpicauta vittata, 749". Hpitrix cucumeris, 797°, 842°. Hydroecia nitela, 841°. Phlegethontius celeus, 842".
Tomicus balsameus, SO8*, 861°. cacographus, 801°, 861". eaelatus, S61°. ealligraphus, 801°, 860%. pini, 861".
Tompkins county, summary of vol-
untary reports from, 796°-97'.
Tortoise beetle grubs, 7861.
Tortricidae, 886°.
Trap-lanterns, 804°.
Tree hoppers, 887°.
Tremex columba, 805°, 863°.
Tribolium confusum, 851".
Trichiocampus viminalis, 861°.
Trichoptera, 886°-87*.
THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901
923
tridentata, Saperda, see Saperda tri dentata. Tridymus metallicus, 7442. salicis, 7442. triferana, Lophoderus, see Lopho- derus triferana. | tristis, Anasa, see Anasa tristis. Trypetidae, 878*. tulipiferae, Leeanium, see Lecanium tulipiferae. Tuliptree, Lecanium tulipiferae in- juring, 855°. Tuliptree scale insect, 855°-561. Turnips, Phorbia brassicae injuring, (827, Tussock moth, hickory, 862°. white marked, 6997, 779%, 780°, 785°-90', 7927, 794", 799° 830° 8647. Typhlocyba comes, 838°.
FOrs 9QO1 (ol -38'.
TSO!
ot.
var. vitis, Typocerus zebratus, Typophorus canellus, 781°.
7798.
(ide
ulmi, ulmi.
ulmi, ulmi.
Ulster county, summary of volun-
Aspidiotus, see Aspidiotus
Gossyparia, see Gossyparia
tary reports from, 797°.
unipuncta, Leucania, see Leucania unipuncta.
Uroceridae, 869°.
uvae, <Aspidiotus, see Aspidiotus uvae.
vacciniana, Rhopobota, see Rhopo- bota vacciniana. Vanessa atlanta, 779°. vanessae, Pteromalus, see Pteroma- lus vanessae. variolosum, Asterolecanium, — Sé¢ Asterolecanium variolosum.
Anthrenus
verbasei, Anthrenus, see verbasel.
vernata, ? Paleacrita, see ? Palea- erita vernata.
verruculatus, Circotettix, see Circo-
tettix verruculatus.
924
Vespidae, 867’.
villosum, Elaphidion, see Elaphidion villosum.
villosus, Dryobates, see Dryobates villosus.
viminalis, Trichiocampus, see Trichi- ocampus viminalis,
Vine insects, 826°-27°, 837%-40°.
Virginia creeper, insects injurious
to: Alypia octomaculata, 788*, 838°. Thyreus abbotii, 840°.
viticida, Fidia, see Fidia viticida.
vittata, Diabrotica, see Diabrotica vittata. bs
vittata, Epicauta, see Epicauta vit- tata.
Voluntary entomologie service of New York state, 704', 776-805.
Walker, ©. M., second assistant, TOL.
Walking sticks, 890*.
Walnut, Halisidota caryae injuring, 862°.
Warren county, summary of reports from voluntary observers, 797’.
Wasp family, 866-69.
Wasps, 788°.
Water boatmen, 887°.
Water bugs, giant, 888°.
Water scorpions, 888°.
Water striders, 888*.
Wayne county, Summary of reports from voluntary observers, 797°-99'.
Webworm, 779°.
fall, 699°, 778, 783°, 786%, 786°, 787, 790%, 791°, 799%, 862%.
Weevils, 871°.
Westchester county, summary of reports from voluntary observers, 799°.
Whale oil soap, 770°-75°, 775°, 8014,
801%, 801°, 801°, 8024, 805%, 843% SHA ODD, Odie, Si, Teos Snes 858’, 864°; experiments against
San José scale, 763°. Wheat, insects injurious to:
7
? Cephus pygmaeus, 796".
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
Wheat, insects injurious to: grain moth, 828°. Isosoma grande, 846’. Notoxus anchora, 798°. Sitotroga cereallela, S00°, 801°, 850%. See also Hessian fly.
Wheat, winter, see Winter wheat.
Whirligig beetles, 876’.
White flower cricket, 802%, 840".
White grubs, 781°, 827°.
Wild parsnip, Depressaria heracli- ana injuring, 844°.
Wild parsnip worm, 844°.
Willow, insects injurious to:
Cacoecia parallela, 752'-53*. Cenopis diluticostana, 736°. Cimbex americana, 786". Colaspis brunnea, 734%. Cryptorhynehus lapathi, 860%. Euvanessa antiopa, 865°. Hyphantria cunea, 862°. Rhabdophaga‘salicis, 741°-44°.
Willow butterflies, 790*, 791°.
Willow snout beetle, 779*, 779°, 780%, 780°, 860%.
Wing frames, 832‘, 896'-98?.
Winter wheat, rule for determining time for safe sowing, 717°, 719*- 20%.
Wireworms, 8407.
Witch hazel, Lithocolletis aceriella injuring, 862%.
Wood borers, 860'-G61'.
flat-headed, 874". long-horned, 872°-73°.
Woodpeckers, 731’.
Wyoming county, summary of re-
voluntary observers,
780°,
7927, 798%, 8021, 8274,
ports from 7997-800°.
Xerophilaspis prosopidis, 857". Xiphydria provancheri, 859%. Xyleborus dispar, 834°.
| Xylina sp. 786°.
INDEX TO REPORT OF
Xylocleptes sp., 860°. Xyloterus bivittatus, 8607. colonus, 779%. politus, S60".
THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 925
Zebra caterpillars, 795°-96', S41). zebratus, Typocerus, ser Typocerus zebratus. w- Zeuzera pyrina, 745'-462, 797° 802*, 863°.
->*Ypsolophus pometellus, S024, 8037, explanation of plate, 9002,
836".
Zygaenidae, 883°.
University of the State of New York New York State Museum
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% 6 ¢ Clare, J: M. The Naples Fauna in Western New York. Jn sce ration ee a atural history of New York. 3ov. il. pl.maps. Q. Aaa 1842-94. ‘ "DIVISION 1 zootocy. De Kay, James E. Zoology of New York; or, The New _ York Fauna; comprising detailed descriptions of all the animals hitherto ob- ‘served within the State of New York with brief notices of those occasionally nd near its borders, and accompanied by appropriate illustrations, 5y. il. maps. sq.Q. Albany 1842-44. Out of print. ical introduction to the series by Gov. W: H. Seward. 178p. 1 Mammalia. 13-+-146p. 33pl. 1842. copies with hand-colored plates. v. 2 a. Birds. 12+380p. 141pl. 1844. Colored plates.
3 pts Reptiles and Amphibia. 7+98p. pt4 Fishes. 15+415p. 1842. i = bound together. Plates to accompany v.3. Reptiles and Amphibia 23pl. Fishes 79pl. 1842. copies with hand-colored plates. ptS Mollusea. 4+271p. 40pl. pt6 Crustacea. 70p. 13pl. 1843-44. aS d-colored plates: pt5-6 bound together. SION 2 BOTANY. Torrey,John. Flora of the State of New York; comprising 1 descriptions of all the indigenous and naturalized plants hitherto dis- ered in the State, with remarks on their economical and medical proper- 8. 2v.il. pl. sq.Q. Albany 1843. Out of print.
Flora of the State of New York. 12+484p. 72pl. 1843.
2 Flora of the State of New York. 572p. 89pl. 1843.
copies with hand-colored plates.
SION 3 MINERALOGY. Beck, Lewis C. Mineralogy of New York; comprising ailed descriptions of the minerals hitherto found in the State of New York, and notices of their uses in the arts and agriculture. il. pl. sq. Q. Albany
tt Economical ies ealory: pt2 Descriptive Mineralogy. 24-+-536p. 1842. lates additional to those printed as part of the text.
ON 4 GEOLOGY. Mather, W: W.; Emmons, Ebenezer; Vanuxem, Lardner ‘all, James. Geology of New York. 4v. il. pl. sq. Q. Albany 1842-43.
Mather, W: W. First Geological District. 37-++653p. 46pl. 1843. 2 Emmons, Ebenezer. Second Geological District. 10-+437p.17pl. 1842. 3 Vanuxem, Lardner. Third Geological District. 306p. 1842. _ Hall, James. Fourth Geological. District. 99-4 683. Map and 19pl.
ON 5 AGRICULTURE. Emmons, Ebenezer. Agriculture of New York; com-
ing an account of the classification, composition and distribution of the Is and rocks aud the natural waters of the different geological formations, er with a condensed view of the meteorology and agricultur al produc- f the State. 5y. il. pl. sq. Q. Albany 1846-54. Out of print.
‘ ils of tha State, their Composition aud Distribution. 11+-371p. 2ipl.
oe ee Ske ee Oe ge Se eee ae ee
University of the State Of New York he eee y.2 Analyses of Soils, Plants, Cereals, ete. 8-+343-4-46p. 42pl. 1849. With hand-colored plates. ~~
y.3 Fruits, etc. 8-+-340p. 1851. iene v.4 Plates to accompany v. 3. 95pl. 1851. = 1 sas Hand-colored.
v.5 Insects Injurious to Agriculture. 8+272p. 50pl. 1854. With hand-colored plates.
DIVISION 6 PALEONTOLOGY. Hall, James. Paleontology of New York. "By. il. ba pl. sq Q. Albany 1847-94. Bound in cloth. vy-1 Organic Remains of the Lower Division of the New York System. 23-4338, : 99pl. 1847, Out of print.
v.2 Organic Remains of Lower Middle Division of the New York System. 8-+362p. 104p].. 1852. Out of print. v.3 Organic Remams of the Lower Helderberg Group and the Oriskany Sand- stone. pt1, text. 12-+532p. 1859. [$3.50] ~— pt2, 143pl. 1861. $2.50. a v.4 Fossil Brachiopoda of the Upper Helderberg, Hamilton, Portage and Che- mung Groups. 11+1-+-428p. 99pl. 1867. $2.50. in. v.d ptl Lamellibranchiata 1. Monomyaria of the Upper Helderberg, Hamilton ri and Chemung Groups. 18+268p. 45p]l. 1884. $2.50. ca —— Lamellibranchiata 2. Dimyaria of the Upper Helderberg, Hamilton, : Portage and Chemung Groups. 62+293p. 51pl. 1885. $2.50. ae — pt2 Gasteropoda, Pteropoda and Cephalopoda of the Upper Helderberg, Hamilton, Portate oes Chemung Groups. 2v. 1879. v. 1, text. 15+492p, Wid; 120pl. $2.50 for 2u on v.6 Corals and Bryozoa ‘of the Lower and Upper Helderberg and Hamilton — ; Groups. 24+298p. 67pl. 1887. $2.50. ean v.7 Trilobites and other Crustacea of the Oriskany, Upper Helderberg, Hamil- ton, Portage, Chemung and Catskill Groups. ‘64-+-236p. 46pl. 1888. Cont. — es to v. 5, pt2. Pteropoda, Cephalopoda and Annelida. 42p. 18pl. ; 18 $2.50. ¢ - v.8 ptl FaGadaetion to the Study of the Genera of the Paleozoic Brachiopoda, : 16-+367p. 44p!. 1892. $2.50. Ea —— pt2 Paleozoic Beadhia cid, 16-++-394p. 84pl. 1894. $2.50. Museum handbooks 1893-date. 71%4x12% cm. = quantities, 1 cent for each 16 pages or less. Single copies postpaid as~ pelow. ~ H5 New York State Museum. 14p.il. je. Outlines history and work of the museum ; with list of staff and esicntifie publications, 1893. H13 Paleontology. 8p. 2c. __ Brief outline of State Museum work in paleontology under heads: Definition ; A pelation to biology; Relation to stratigraphy; History of paleontology in New © ork : H15 Guide to Excursions in the Fossiliferous Rocks of New York. © 120p. de. :
Itineraries of 32 trips covering ede the entire series of paleozoic rocks, pre- ve pared specially for the use of teachers and students desiring to acquaint them- selves more intimately with the classic rocks of this State.
H16 Entomology. 8p. Out of print. hes H17 Geology. Jn preparation.
Maps. Merrill, F: J. H. Economic and Geologic Map of the State of New York. 59x67 cm. 1894. Scale 14 miles to x inch. Out ee print. $ New edition in preparation.
Printed also with Museum bulletin 15 and the 48th x museum report, v.1,°
Geologic Map of New York. 1901, Scale 5 miles to 1 inch. In atlas form $3, mounted on rollers $5. Lower Hudson sheet 60c. aes The lower Hudson sheet, geologically colored, comprises Rockland, Orange,
Dutchess, Putnam, W estchester, New York, Richmond, Kings, Queens and
Nassau counties, and parts of Sullivan, Ulster and Suffolk counties; also money - eastern New Jersey and part of western Connecticut. ;