ras Condy. PIS; te 19

172 750.

Published monthly by the

/ University of the State of New York
MAy 1903

York State Museum

FREDERICK J. H. MERRILL Director
EpHraiMm PorTER FEtT State Entomologist

Bulletin 64

ENTOMOLCGY 17
8th Report of the State Entomologist
INJURIOUS AND OTHER INSECTS

OF THE
STATE OF NEW YORK
1902

PAGE PAGE

MIO EMOM. so .. ss ae oe 89 | Injurious insects, etc. (continued)

General entomologic features.. 89 Species of primary economic
PN CEWVODIE yl o2d:s o's co 3 eleven) oes 90 THIPOMANCE Ohi tica eet ee oe 4 120

Special investigations......... ae Species which may become very
RUOICATIONS wee Se ee Se oo 91 GeSEruicthive so. ./ sant me eee oe 122
Collections of insects......... 92 Other Species - oi) 33 2... seers 122

PeWEOQUARLEDS .. 5's. et. as 8 93 | Experimental work against San
Voluntary observers.......... 93 José scale! insegt 6. aoee es 126
Acknowledgments............ 93 Ball applications .isewass cams 2 126
Injurious insects Spring applications........... 131
Huproctis chrysorrhoea, SuMMAL ys. s ncics oe eine ae ae Pe 143
Brawnefait-moth . .. 94 | Voluntary entomologic service... 144
Psila rosae, carrot rust fly. 99 Summaries of reports......... 144
Notes for the year.:............ Wats Baunal’ studies: <.. ic swssacc cee: 153

RAPIEMETCE POSES. ook sence ee 104 Coleoptera taken at Newport,
Beeeee ETINt INSECTS. 6. es ies o's 105 Eierkimer con Ne Mojractitecies 153

Grass and grain insects........ 106 | List of publications of the ento-
Shade tree insects............. 108 TROOPS PON. Arata cles eie'eit ms cect aes 161
RPS ANSCETS 5.5.5. 5 > cies sce ea os 110 | Contributions to collection...... 170
Household insects............ 113 |. Explanation of plates.....:..... 178
enencial isects..........5.. 1 al) os a ae a ge face 179
Injurious insects from abroad.... 116 | Index................ceceeeeeee 181

ALBANY

UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
Mel08m-Ja3-1500 1903 Price 20 cents

University of the State of New York
REGENTS
With years of election

1892 WiLLIAM CROSWELL DOANE D.D-LG2D: “
Chancellor, Albany
1878 Wurre.aw Ret M.A. LL.D. Vice Chancellor, New York e,

1877 Caauncey M. DepewLL.D. - - - - New York =
1877 CHartEs E. Fircu LL.B. M.A. L.H.D. - Rochester
1881 Wittiam H. Warson M.A. M.D. LL.D. ~ ‘Utica
1881 Henry E. TurRNER LL.D. - - - - Lowville

1883 Sr CLrarR McKeiway M.A. L.H.D. LL.D. Om
D.C.L,' Brooklyn = a
1885 Danrer\Beacu Ph.D.LL.D.- - - | = Watkins = em
1888 CARROLL E. Suite LL.D. - °- - .-< > Syractse au
1890 Puuny T. Sexton LL.D. - - - - Palmyra) %
1890 ‘T. Guinrorp SmirH M.A.C.E.LL.D. - Buffalo
1893 Luwis A. Stimson B.A. LL.D.M.D. - - New York —
1895 ALBERT VANDER VEER M.A. Ph.D. M.D. - Albany
1895 CHARLES R. SKINNER M.A. LL.D.
Superintendent of Public Instruction, ex ne
1897 CuEster S. Lorp M.A. LL.D. - ~- - Brooklyn
1900 Ttsomas A. HenpRicK M.A. LL.D. - - Rochester

1901 BENJAMIN B. ODELL JR LL.D. Governor, ex officio
1901 RoBERT’C. PRuyN M.A. - - - - - Albany | i
1902 Wintaam NorrincHam M.A. Ph.D. - - Syracuse

-~ Spee
« a

1903 FRANK W. HIGGINS Lieutenant Governor, ex officio
1903 JouN F. O’BRIEN Secretary of State, ex officio

1903 CHARLES A. GARDINER LL.B. M.A. Ph.D. - New York
1908 CHARLES S. FRANCIS B.S. - - - - bgt

—
ei

SECRETARY

Elected by Regents
1900 JamES RUSSELL PARSONS JR M.A. LL.D.
DIRECTORS OF DEPARTMENTS <i
1888 Metvu, DewEy M.A. LL.D. State Library and Home Educatio:
1890 James RusSELL Parsons jx M.A. LL.D. ;

Administrative, College and High School De

1890 FREDERICK J. H. MERRILL Ph.D. State Museum — is

University of the State of New York

New York State Museum

Freperick J. H. Merrivy Director
Eruraim Porter Feit State Entomologist

Bulletin 64
ENTOMOLOGY. 17
{8th REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST

1902
To the Regents of the University of the State of New York

I have the honor of presenting herewith my report on the
injurious and other insects in the State of New York for the year
ending Oct. 15, 1902.

General entomologic features. The season of 1902 was com-
paratively poor for the development of many insects, and as a
consequence relatively few species destructive to staple crops
were brought to notice. The elm leaf beetle, Galerucella
luteola Mill., has continued its ravages in the Hudson river
valiey, is gradually extending its range, and is worthy of particu-
lar mention because of its having become established in force
at Schenectady and Saratoga Springs. The white marked
tussock moth, Notolophus leucostigma Abb. & Sm., is
a well known pest of city shade trees, and serious depredations
by it have been recorded from time to time. Thousands of horse
chestnuts in the vicinity of Buffalo were practically defoliated .
by this insect during the past season, and it is not improbable
that the same would have been true of other cities in the western
part of the State had it not been for persistent efforts to check
the insect in earlier years. The fall webworm, Hyphantria
textor Harris, is a common pest which is generally destructive
to many trees. It was unusually abundant and injurious in the
southern part of the State, particularly in Orange county, and
also to a lesser extent in some of the western counties. The
black banded Lecanium, Lecanium nigrofasciatum

90 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Perg., is an insect which has attracted comparatively little
attention in this State. It was noticed briefly in our preceding
report, and during the past summer has become unusually abund-
ant on many soft maples in the city of Albany. The birch leaf
Bucculatrix, Bucculatrix canadensisella Chamb., was
extremely abundant and injurious over an extended area in 1901,
and during the present year has been almost as destructive in
portions of the same area. The operations of several bark borers
were brought to notice in 1901, and it is gratifying to state that
the injuries by these destructive little creatures appear to be
lessening. An interesting insect bearing the common name of the
carrot rust fly, Psila rosae Linn., was brought to our atten-
tion last December on account of its operations in celery at Broad-
albin, Fulton co. This is believed to be the first instance of the
insect being known to occur in the State.

Office work. It is very gratifying to note that the interest in
the work of the office and the demands made on its staff have
steadily increased. The determination of scale insects for the
commissioner of agriculture, in connection with the nursery
inspection work of his department, makes considerable inroads
on our time. Most of this delicate and important work has
devolved on the first assistant, Mr C. M. Walker. Many photo-
graphs of living insects or specimens of their work have been
taken during the course of the year, and a number of lantern
slides have been added to our collection, which has already been
used to excellent advantage in illustrating popular lectures. The
mailing list of the office has been largely increased during the
past year, principally by paid subscriptions, showing that the
public desires our publications and is willing to pay for them
when the method of obtaining them is known. The correspond-
ence has nearly doubled over that of the preceding year, as i8
evidenced by the following figures: 1559 letters, 1811 postals,
1842 circular letters and 2369 packages were sent through the
mail during the past year.

The resignation of the first assistant, Miss M. F. Boynton,
made a vacancy to which Mr C. M. Walker, then second assistant,
was promoted. Mr Douglas B. Young, of Ilion, having success-
fully passed the civil service examination, was appointed second
assistant. These changes in the office force can not be made

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 91

without interrupting the continuity of the work and in a measure
marring its value. It is to be hoped that in time the salaries
for assistants may be large enough to induce men to remain for
a series of years.

Special investigations. The lines of work prosecuted in 1900 and
1901 have been continued and other investigations taken up.

The grapevine root worm, Fidia viticida Walsh, had
caused so much injury in the Chautauqua grape belt that a
special investigation of the pest was undertaken last spring and
is still in progress.

The series of experiments with insecticides for the control of
the San José scale have been carried on in the same orchard
as during the last two years, and the earlier results have been
largely confirmed. These have also been tested by experiments
in other sections of the State. Further details of this work
will be found on subsequent pages. A Chinese ladybug, Chilo-
corus similis Rossi, has been established in our experimen-
tal orchard in the hopes that it will prove a valuable ally in con-
trolling this pest.

The study of forest and shade tree insects has been continued;
and the observations of earlier years, together with those of the
past season, are now ready for publication, and will appear in
an extensive memoir.

The investigations on aquatic insects, commenced in 1900 by
Dr J. G. Needham at Saranac Inn, and continued last year at
Ithaca, were further prosecuted during the past season. The
work of 1902 has been confined largely to a study of the stone
flies, Perlidae, and a family of small flies, Chironomidae,
a group which is very important so far as fish food is concerned,
and which was also reported on to some extent by Mr O. A.
Johannsen in Dr Needham’s second report.

The entomologist has undertaken an investigation of mosquitos
of the State, and considerable information has already been
secured. Lack of funds and pressing duties have prevented bring-

ing the work to a successful conclusion.
Publications. The principal publications of the entomologist,

to the number of 64, are listed under the usual head. The more
important of those issued during the past year are the following:
Scale Insects of Importance and a List of Species in New York

92 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

State (Museum bulletin 46), Aquatic Insects of the Adirondacks
(Museum bulletin 47), 17th Report of the State Entomologist
(Museum bulletin 53), and the Elm leaf Beetle in New York State
(Museum bulletin 57). The former two, as stated in our previous
report, were practically completed at the end of last year. The
bulletin on the elm leaf beetle is an extended and revised edition
of Museum bulletin 20, and was issued on account of the great
demand for information concerning this serious pest of our elms.
In addition to the above, the entomologist contributed an impor-
ant paper on Aqualic Insects of the Saranac Region in the sixth
annual report of the Forest, Fish and Game Commission, and
one on shade tree pests for the report of the Colorado State
Board of Horticulture for 1901.

Other important publications which are either in the printer’s
hands or practically completed are as follows: Aquatic Insects
in New York State, which is a second report by Dr Needham
and his associates, and treats largely of the damsel flies,
Odonata-Zygoptera, the insect food of the brook trout,
certain aquatic beetles (Donacia), some midges (Chirono-
midae), a group of much importance as food for fishes, and
the Neuropterus family, Sialidae; the bulletin on the grape-
vine root worm, comprising a detailed account of this very
injurious species, with special reference to its control, a publica-
tion of 36 pages; a monograph of the genus Saperda, which
includes some of our most destructive wood borers, has been
prepared by the entomologist in association with Mr L. H. Joutel
of New York, and will form a small bulletin of about 40 pages,
illustrated by seven colored plates; and the memoir on insects
injurious to forest and shade trees, an extensive publication
illustrated by many half tone and 16 colored plates, treating
specially of those forms which are destructive to shade trees.

Collections of insects. Large additions to the State collections
have been made during the past season. The systematic collect-
ing at Karner begun last year was continued throughout the
present season, and many interesting forms infesting various
forest trees were secured. My second assistant, Mr D. B. Young,
spent 10 days collecting at Newport N. Y., where the fauna is
exceptionally rich, but, owing to continued unfavorable weather,
the results were not all that were expected. Considerable pro-

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 93

gress has been made in arranging the Lepidoptera, the work of
Mr Walker; while Mr Young has given much attention to
the Coleoptera, and this order will soon be in a very satisfac-
tory condition. The collection prepared for exhibition at the
Pan-American Exposition has been installed in the museum and
is now accessible to the public. A number of additions have
been made to it, and desirable specimens are being added as fast
as secured. <A special collection, illustrating the characteristics
of some of our more important mosquitos, has been put on
exhibition.

New quarters. The past year is the first entire one in the
present quarters; and the additional facilities afforded by them
have proved of greatest value and permitted the undertaking
of work which would have been impossible under earlier
conditions. It was thought at the time the present quarters
were assigned that there was ample space, but insects and exam-
ples of their work have accumulated so rapidly that a crowded
condition is already beginning to prevail.

Voluntary observers. The work of the voluntary observers
begun in 1899 has been continued, but, owing to the unusually
cold, rainy season, there has been comparatively little to report.
The observations made are published under the usual head
[see p. 144].

Acknowledgments. The entomologist is under deep obligations
to a number of professional workers. To Dr L. O. Howard, chief
of the division of entomology of the United States Department
of Agriculture, and his staff, special acknowledgments are due
for the determination of a number of insects and for information
supplied. Professor J. H. Comstock of Cornell University has
kindly aided in prosecuting the work on aquatic insects during
the past summer, and our thanks are due him for these services.
It is a pleasure to acknowledge the continued support of the
office by its many friends and to feel that our efforts have been
so highly appreciated by those in authority.

Respectfully submitted
ErHraimM Porter FELT

Office of the State Entomologist State Entomologist
Albany, Oct. 15, 1902

94 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

INJURIOUS INSECTS
Euproctis chrysorrhoea Linn.
BROWN TAIL MOTH
Ord. Lepidoptera: Fam. Bombycidae

Introduced or foreign insects have played a very important
part in earlier years, and, if we may judge from recent develop-
ments, this leading role will be continued for some time. Our
report for the year 1900 contains a summary notice of one of the
most injurious foreign insects which have become established
on our shores in recent years; and this occasion is taken advan- —
tage of to notice in a similar manner a more recently established
species, which promises to be of considerable economic import-
ance as a destroyer of fruit trees and also as a most serious
annoyance to man in all localities where it becomes established
in numbers. It is not often that an insect is destructive to
vegetation and also markedly injurious to man, and yet this is true
of the above named species. The hairs of the caterpillar of this
species, coming in contact with the human flesh, produce “ a fierce
and enduring irritation,” as characterized by Mr A. H. Kirkland;
and so annoying and prevalent was this that the board of health
of the city of Boston gave a public hearing on the subject in 1901.

Not in New York. This species does not occur in the State of
New York; but, as both the male and female moths are provided
with serviceable wings, and as they are readily carried by the
winds and with household goods and probably other merchandise,
it. would not be surprising if the species became established in
some locality in New York State in the near future. It was
originally located at Somerville Mass., and in 1901 was known
to have made its way nearly 30 miles west to Hudson Mass.
This species, like some others, is readily controlled when present
in small numbers; and, for this reason, we have deemed it advisa-
ble to illustrate the insect in color in its various stages, so that
it may be readily recognized and promptly checked in any locality
where it may obtain a foothold.

Distribution. Messrs Fernald and Kirkland state that the
brown tail moth occurs in all parts of Europe, except the extreme
north, and also in northwestern Africa and in Asia Minor.

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 95

Its presence in this country was first brought to the attention
of Prof. C. H. Fernald in 1897, when it was learned that the
species had become established in numbers in Cambridge and
Somerville. During that year it was found that the pest occurred
over the greater part of these two towns and Everett, in a small
part of Medford near the Somerville line, and that there was
a single colony in Malden. The following year a gale of wind oc-
curred during the height of the flying season, and the moths were
carried for a distance of 10 or 12 miles to the north and north-
east, as stated by Professor Fernald. The rapidity with which
the insect has extended its range is well illustrated by a table
of the estimated area infested by the moth in the early years.
This was prepared by Mr Kirkland and is as follows: |

Area infested fall of Square miles
Mie UGE spapse ented. cle. oft falas shave, axa sttoletuchs Bictets je 29
MS Sitar a mete eepeferetreh strc pee sclausts Geese ae 4: eva,lorte 158
MSDS eee pasate ate ertustaeiarecave se cide etela os 448
SOO para nce gee brag awe crete tsce ay asec Mel wiave fier alfeyaiays« 928

It will be seen by the above that the insect is rapidly extending
its range, and it is now known to occur at Kittery Me. and at
Seabrook N. H.

Description. The male moths have a wing spread of about 114
inches, are pure white with a satiny luster on the fore wings and
have a conspicuous reddish brown tuft at the tip of the abdomen
[pl. 1, fig. 5, 6]. Sometimes there are a few black spots on the
fore wings. The antennae are white and fringed with pale yel-
lowish hairs.

The females have a wing spread of about 134 inches, are the
same color as the males, except that they have no black spots on
the wings, and the anal tuft is larger and lighter in color, while
the antennae are shorter and with shorter fringes.

The eggs are laid in July in masses composed of 200 to 300
and placed usually on the underside of the leaves [pl. 1, fig. 1],
where they are covered with brown hairs from the tip of the
abdomen. They hatch in a short time, and the young feed during
the rest of the season on the surface of the leaves, a few days
only being required to skeletonize them. The caterpillars begin
to make a nest in which they hibernate while still young. It is
constructed on the twigs and is made by drawing together a few

96 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

leaves, lining them with silk, and inclosing them with a mass of
silken threads. These tents [pl. 1, fig. 7] are so firmly secured to
the twigs that they can not be removed without considerable force.

The young caterpillars emerge from their winter retreats
before the leaves begin to appear, often attack swelling buds and
complete their growth in the early part of June, when they trans-
form to pupae. The full grown caterpillars [pl. 1, fig. 3] range
from 1 inch to 114 inches in length. The pale brown head is
mottled with dark brown and has reddish brown hairs scat-
tered over its surface. The body is dark brown or black
with numerous fine, duli orange or gray spots over the surface,
which are most pronounced on the second, third and fourth
segments. Long reddish brown, finely barbed hairs arise from
all the tubercles, and white branching hairs from the upper side
of the latter tubercles on segments 4 to 12 inclusive. These
white hairs form elongated white spots along each side and are
one of the most striking characteristics of this caterpillar. The
subdorsal and lateral tubercles on segments 4 to 12 inclusive
‘are covered with fine, short spines of uniform length. There is
a bright red retractile tubercle on the top of the 10th, and also
one on the 11th segment.

The pupae are 34 inch in length, dark brown in color and with
fine, yellowish brown hairs [pl. 1, fig. 4] scattered over the
surface.

Habits of the caterpillars. The following account of the habits
of these caterpillars is taken from a bulletin by Fernald and
Kirkland, and is as follows:

The young caterpillars of the brown tail moth, after hibernat-
ing in the tents which they construct at the tip of the branches,
emerge inthespring and feed downward towards the main
branches and trunk, leaving the naked twigs bearing the gray
tents at the ends, a conspicuous evidence of the presence of this
insect. They eat the entire leaf except the midrib, and, in leaves
having strong ribs, like those of the sycamore maple, all the
larger ribs are left untouched. When the caterpillars are numer-
ous they devour not only the buds, leaves and blossoms, but even
the green fruit.

The caterpillars are quite gregarious up to the later stages of
their growth, when they disperse to some extent; but when they
occur only in moderate numbers, they retain their gregarious

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 97

habits to a greater degree than when they are very abundant,
since in this case the supply of food is soon exhausted and
they are forced to migrate. When these caterpillars molt, they
gather in masses on the branches and cover themselves with a
scanty mass of silk. When preparing to change to the pupal
stage, several of the caterpillars spin up in a common cocoon
within the leaves at the tip of the branches. When numerous,
they frequently pupate in masses under fences and clapboards,
or on the trunks and larger branches of the trees.

The webs of the brown tail moth should not be confounded
with those of the tent caterpillar or the fall webworm. They
may be distinguished from those of the tent caterpillar by being
placed at the tips of the branches, while the tent caterpillar con
structs its tent in a fork of the limbs. The latter insect rarely,
if ever, attacks pear, which is a favorite food plant of the brown
tail moth. The fall webworm, while often found on peartrees,
spins a large open web at the ends of the branches and feeds
within this web. This insect does not appear until after the
brown tail moth has ceased to do damage.

Food plants. This species has been recorded on a considerable
number of food plants, but, according to Professor Fernald, pear
seems to be the favorite of this insect in the infested region,
though winter webs have been found in addition on apple, quince,
plum, cherry, peach, oak, maple, elm, rose and grape.

Irritation caused by the hairs. This has been referred to above;
and, as there stated, is frequently very severe and annoying.
Investigations by Mr F. J. Smith show that the trouble is a
mechanical one, and is not, as at first was supposed, due to any
poisonous irritant substance in the hairs. The nettling of the
skin may be caused by contact with the caterpillars, both old
or young, or the cocoons, though in the latter case contact is not
necessary since hairs from them are blown about by the winds.
Professor Fernald cites the statement of an English journal to
the effect that travelers are often affected, when the wind blows
strongly from infested hedges along the road.

Natural enemies. A number of parasites have been bred from
the pupae in this country. Professor Fernald records the rearing
of Phaeogenes hebe Cress, Diglochis omnivora
Walk., Euphorocera claripennis Macq. and a large
number of unnamed dipterous parasites. He states that the
work of Diglochis is specially valuable and worthy of commen-

98 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

dation. He also records the destructicn of the caterpillars by a
soldier bug, Podisus serieventris Uhl.; states that the
Baltimore oriole, black-billed cuckoo, crow, bluebird and English
sparrow have also been observed feeding on these insects, and
quotes Mr Kirkland to the effect that the birds eat not only the
moths, but their young, and that it was no uncommon sight at
Somerville to see flocks of 20 or more sparrows collect the
moths from a picket fence. In addition to the above mentioned
birds, Mr E. H. Forbush has recorded the robin, bluejay, black and
white warbler, the rose-breasted grosbeak, the chestnut-sided
warbler, the scarlet tanager, redstart, chickadees, red-eyed vireos,
the yellow-throated vireo and the male indigo bird as feeding on
the caterpillars. The records given by Mr Forbush include the
number of larvae eaten by each bird and the time occupied. None
ate less than nine, and one aS many as 57 caterpillars, the
latter operation occupying 20 minutes. These observations show
that our native birds will undoubtedly prove to be very efficient
aids in checking this pest. Professor Fernald has also recorded
bats as feeding on the moths at night, and he states that toads
devour the caterpillars during the early summer and the moths
later in the season.

Remedial measures. The conspicuous hibernating nests [pl. 1,
fig. 7] of this species are easily detected at any time when the
foliage is off the trees, and one of the most effective methods of
checking this pest is to cut them off and burn them. This can be
very easily done with the aid of long handled pruning shears.
The insect is also readily controlled with arsenical poisons; and
Professor Fernald reports experiments in spraying with arsenate
of lead, in which 1 pound to 150 gallons, killed 50% of the
caterpillars in four days, 90% in seven days and all in 13
days. Treatment with the same insecticide, 2 pounds to 150 gal
lons, gave similar results, and, when 5 pounds were used to 150
gallons, 80% were dead within four days and all in nine days.
The use of 10 pounds to 150 gallons resulted in the destruction of
all the caterpillars in six days.

Spraying with paris green, 1 pound to 150 gallons, killed 4%
in four days, 70% in six days and 90¢ in nine days, all being dead
in 12 days.

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 99

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1897 Fernald, C. H. & Kirkland, A. H. Mass. Agric College Sp. bulletin,
July. p.1-15. (Summary account of the introduction and occurrence of the insect)

18)7 Harvey, F L. Maine \eric. Exp. Rept, p. 175. (At South Berwick Me }

1898 Fernald, C. H. U. 8. Dep’t \gric. div. ent. Bul. 17. n. s p. 24-82. (Brief
description of the insect and means of controlling it)

1899 Mass. Hatch Exp, Sta. Rep’t, p. 101-2. (Distribution, work against)
_ 1899 Forbush. E. H. U. 8. Dep't Agric. div. ent. Bul. 20, n. s. p. &8-89)
(Birds feeding on larvae) ; Mass. State Board Agric. Rep’t, p.319-20, 322, (Birds
feeding on)

1899 Harvey, F. L. Maine State Bul. 61.p.36-42. (Occurrence in Maine and
general account) :

1899 Wcod E. W. et al. Mass. State Board Agric. Rep’t, p.384-85. (Summary
of work, distribution)

1900 Kirkland, A. H. U. S. Dep’t Agric. div. ent. Bul. 26. n. s. p.%5-
76. (Spread of the insect)

1901 Davis, C. E. 30th An. Rep’t of Health Dep’t City of Boston. Abstract,
p.195-96. (Brief abstract of Fernald and Wirkland’s bulletin)

1902 Kirkland, A. H. U.S. Dep’t Agric div. ent. Bul. 31. n. s. p.95. (Irritation
by hairs and spread); Mass. Hortic. Soc. Trans, 19U2. p.12-21. (Summary account)

Psila rosae Fabr.
CARROT RUST FLY

Ord. Diptera: Fam. Psilidae

Celery roots infested with a dipterous larva, which subsequently
proved to be this species, were received Dec. 30, 1901, from James
Granger, Broadalbin, who states that the attack was confined to
the roots and crown, never interfering with the stalk. Several
larvae were taken from one root, and their burrows, about 4),
inch in diameter, were fined with reddish particles of comminuted
tissue. The galleries were found in the roots near the crown and
also in the crown and frequently ran obliquely for a distance
partly around the root or crown, as the case may be, and in some
instances they were near the center of the infested plant. The
attack was a serious one, as is evidenced by the ruining of about
6000 plants. Traces of the insect were found aii over a field
containing some 60,000 plants.

Introduction and injuries in America. This is a European insect,
which prior to 1885 was not known to occur in this country. It
was then reared by Dr Fletcher from carrots purchased in the
market at Ottawa, where the following year he found young
carrot plants in a garden badly attacked. The same year
a great deal of damage was done, particularly to stored roots

100 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

during the winter. Mr F. B. Caulfield, an entomologist in
Montreal, reported that in February 1887 nearly all the carrots he
had seen exposed for sale were more or less attacked. Early
carrots were badly injured at Nepean Ont., nearly every root
showing signs of the insect’s presence, and two thirds of the crop
was seriously injured, as stated by Dr Fletcher in his report for
1887. The species was reported in 1897 as occasioning consider-
able complaint during the previous 10 or 12 years, chiefly in the
province of New Brunswick, but also in Ontario and Quebec.
The attack was described as being a serious one, rendering use-
less roots stored for table use. A party at Rothsay, Kings co.
N. B. noticed in 1895 that late sown carrots were less injured
than those planted earlier, and since that time late sowing has
been recommended and proved of considerable value, according
to Dr Fietcher’s report for 1897. Injury has also been recorded
at Upper Sackville, Brookville and Clifton N. B., it being noticed
in the first named locality in 1894 and 1895 and at Brookville
during the latter year and at Clifton for several years. Few
earrots had been grown in the last named locality during late
years, on account of this pest, as stated by Dr Fletcher in his
report for 1897. The following year he records specific injury
to carrots at Noulton and Ste Marie Que.

The above summary of the insect’s occurrence in this country,
as well as some of the following matter, has been taken from Mr
F. H. Chittenden’s account in Bulletin 33, new series, of the
division of entomology of United States Department of Agri-
culture.

Distribution. This species is a well known pest in England and
Germany and probably occurs elsewhere on the continent of
Europe. It was originally described from Kilia, Bessarabia.
Just when it was first introduced in this country does not appear
to have been recorded. Its ravages were not apparent however
till 1894, and up to last year the insect appears to have been con-
fined to Canada, though there is in the National Museum a single
specimen received from Mrs A. T. Slosson, labeled Franconia
N. H. There appears to be no record other than Mr Chittenden’s,
which relates to the same outbreak, of the species having been
found previously in New York State, and celery is a new food
plant for the pest. This divergence in food habits is not sur-

- REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 101

prising, since it frequently happens that a species introduced into
anew country forms new habits and depredates on other plants.
Mr Chittenden expresses the opinion that the insect has probably
been established in Canada for at least 18 years and adds that it
will probably not extend farther south than the upper Austral
life zone.

Life history. The life history of this species does not appear
to have been worked out. The insect undoubtedly passes the
winter in puparia and, according to Mr Chittenden, possibly as
larvae. Since the larvae work on stored roots, the flies may de-
velop in winter, as occurred at Washington and also in our own
hreeding cages. This permits great irregularity in development
and makes it impossible to accurately forecast the habits of the
insect in the field. The flies probably develop rather early in
the season and attack young carrots, which turn a rusty red
color. An examination will show that the roots have been dis.
figured with rusty patches, specially toward the tip. Both the
flies and maggots are found throughout the warmer months, but
the latter desert the roots and pupate in the earth. It is very
probable that the last generation in a season descends much
deeper than the earlier ones. The life cycle is completed in three
or four weeks, as stated by Curtis, and no one appears to have
determined the number of generations which may be produced.
Mr Chittenden is of the opinion that there are at least two and
probably more, and we are inclined to think his estimate is a
conservative one. Miss Ormerod states that the fly goes into the
ground for oviposition wherever it can find a crack or other
opening about the roots, and that the maggots, after hatching,
work their way into the roots and even when quite small destroy
the entire lower portion.

Description. The adult or parent fly is quite minute, measuring
only about +4 inch in length and with a wing expanse of little

more than ie inch. The color is dark green, by some authors
given as black, and the insect is rather sparsely clothed with
yellow hairs. The head and legs are pale yellow and the eyes
black. ;

The maggot or larva is pale yellowish white when half grown
and when full grown presents a general resemblance to that of the

cheese maggot, to which the species is somewhat closely related.

102 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

It is then much darker in color, being rather dark brown with
well marked segments, a minute head and the posterior extremity
truncate. The general appearance of the larva is shown at

figure 1.

Fie. 1 Psilarosae: 5 malefly, 2 female fly: lateral view ; a, antennaof male; 4, full grown

larva, lateral view ; c, spiracles of same; d, anal extremity from the end; e, puparium ; f. young
larva; g, anal segment from side — flies, young and mature larva, and puparium, eight times natur J
size ; other portions more enlarged. (After Chittenden, U.S. Dep’t Agric. div. ent. Bul. 33, n. s.
1902)

Natural enemies. Very little has been recorded concerning the
natural enemies of this species. Curtis found a small four
winged fly which he described as Alysia apii and presumed
was a natural enemy of this pest.

Remedial measures. This species, like others which exist under
ground, is difficult to control with insecticides, and our principal
dependence must therefore be based on cultural methods which
may serve to avert attack.

The standard kerosene emulsion, 1 part to 10 of water, may be
sprayed along carrot rows with knapsack or other sprayer. Sand,
land plaster or ashes, with which kerosene has been mixed at the
rate of 14 pint to 3 gallons, may be sprinkled along the rows.
These, with the exception of crude carbolic acid, a pint in 5
gallons, are about the only substances which have given good
results. Dr Fletcher states that in Canada one or the other of
these applications should be made weekly during June from the
time the roots begin to form, and particularly after the rows have
been thinned.

Late sowing has also been practised to great advantage, and a
number of persons have found it to be of considerable value.

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 103

Rotation of crops. This may be practised with comparatively
little expense, and is very successful in checking pests of this
character. The fields planted in successive years should be as
far from others as practicable. Some of the most serious injuries
have occurred on pieces where carrots have been grown year after
year. Now that we know this insect breeds in celery as well as
carrots, one should not follow the other. Clean cultivation should
also be practised in order to destroy all remnants of either celery
or carrots in which the insects may pass the winter.

Destruction of the insect in stored roots. The breeding of this
species in stored roots suggests the advisability of destroying the
larvae which forsake the roots and enter the soil to undergo their
transformations, or the puparia. Where roots are packed in
earth, the surrounding soil may be either buried deeply or spread
out in thin layers where it will be exposed to the elements, or
thrown into pools where it may be frozen, or exposed to heat or
steam or any agency which will result in the destruction of the
contained insects. These roots are also frequently stored in bins
in cellars; and such inclosures, if nothing else be done, should
have all openings protected by a fine wire screen, so that the adult
insects can not escape to the open the following spring. It might
be possible to fumigate such a cellar with carbon bisulfid or
sulfur or hydrocyanic gas before opening it in the spring.

Fall cultivation. Mr Chittenden has recommended the light
raking or cultivating of celery or carrot beds in the fall, so that
the larvae or puparia may be destroyed by the frost. He also
thinks that plowing early the following spring before the flies
have had time to escape would result in destroying many of the
insects.

NOTES FOR THE YEAR

The following brief account includes some of the more im-
portant insects brought to notice during 1902.

Special attention, as in the case of last year, has been given
to forest and shade tree insects throughout the summer. Sys-
tematic collecting was continued at Karner, where there is an
admirable growth of scrub oaks and small pines, and much val-
uable material secured, which will be reported on in another
publication. The warm, sandy soil of Karner seems specially
adapted for certain heat-loving insects; and last year we

104 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

were surprised at finding the large cicada-killer, Sphecius
speciosus Drury, comparatively abundant.

Another southern species, Polyphylla variolosa Hentz,
was found at Karner Aug. 4, 1902, by Mr Young. The specimen
was dead, but in a good state of preservation, and was evidently
native. This southern species has not, to our knowledge, been
taken so far north in this state at least.

Another interesting capture was that of Cincindela
punctulata Fabr, which was taken at Albany Aug. 4, 1902,
by Mr Young.

The notes regarding the various species mentioned below have
been grouped under convenient heads, as last year, so they may
be of greater service to parties interested in the more practical
aspect of this work.

Fruit tree pests

Appletree tent caterpillar, Clisiocampa americana Fabr.
This species is annually more or less destructive in various sec-
tions of the State, and the season of 1902 has proved no exception
to the general rule. Accounts of some severe injuries have been
received from certain counties, and in others relatively little
damage has been inflicted. Something out of the ordinary and
worthy of record is reported by Mr J. F. Rose, of South Byron,
who states that this common pest was extremely rare in Genesee
county, and attributes the scarcity to the large number of way-
side bushes killed by mice, which girdled them while protected by
the heavy snows of last winter. The injury by mice was so ex-
tensive that almost every bush for considerable distances along
the highway was killed in this manner; and the young cater-
pillars hatching from eggs on these bushes perished from lack of
food.

Forest tent caterpillar, Clisiocampa disstria Hiibn. The
severe injuries to forest trees by this pest during the past four
or five years have been gradually decreasing, and areas where the
insect has been extremely destructive in earlier seasons have
suffered comparatively little. The zone of greatest damage is
apparently moving eastward in the case of Greene county. Some
damage was inflicted on maple and orchard trees in eastern
Greene and western Columbia counties during the past season,
but the depredations generally speaking were ‘not nearly so

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 105

severe as last year. The hard maples at Annandale, Dutchess co.,
suffered to some extent from the work of this pest; and, while
the species was reported as being rare at Newport, Herkimer co.,
it was extremely abundant at Gravesville, only 7 miles north.
A little damage by this insect was reported from Tompkins
county. This record is somewhat different from that of last year
and decidedly so from the one for 1900.

Bud moth, Tmetocera ocellana Schiff. This little insect
appears to be on the increase in Genesee county according to
the statements of Mr J. F. Rose, of South Byron, who considers
it one of the worst pests of the orchard in that section of the coun-
try. The most dangerous feature in connection with this insect
is the occurrence of the hungry, voracious, partly grown larvae
on trees when the young foliage is developing, and when a small
amount of feeding will produce a relatively large amount of dam-
age. It can be controlled, as has been repeatedly demonstrated,
by thorough spraying with an arsenical poison just as the buds
are unfolding.

Apple leaf Bucculatrix, Bucculatrix pomifoliella Clem.
This is a well known enemy of the apple in the western part of
the State at least and
is occasionally exceed-
ingly abundant. Mr L. L.
Woodford, of Berwyn N. Y.,
has recently called our at-
tention to 150 trees which
were very badly infested
with this insect. Examples
of the twigs accompanying
his communication were

O Fic. 2 Apple leaf Bucculatrix, Bucculatrix
nearly covered in places pomifoliella; a, piece of twig covered with

maith We PHaaerOninhic cocoons; b, cocoon enlarged; c, the moth, enlarged
whiie or yeliowish cocoons. The general appearance of the
insect is represented in the accompanying figure. It may be con-
trolled by thorough spraying in early June with an arsenical
poison.
Small fruit insects

Raspberry cane maggot, Phorbia rubivora Cog. This

species has been noticed from time to time on account of its

106 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

injuries to blackberry and to raspberry canes, and last May our
attention was called to damage, probably the work of this insect,
by Mr J. S. Kimberly, of Hamilton N. Y., who states that the
maggots were quite destructive to blackberry and raspberry fields
in that locality.

The parent insect is a small fly, and the most practical method
of checking this species is by cutting the wilted tips well below
the point of injury as soon as they appear and burning them.

The raspberry cane-girdler is a small beetle known as Oberea
bimaculata Oliv., and works in a similar manner. It may
be distinguished from the preceding by the fact that it does not
begin its burrows till in June, and that the wilting is caused
by series of punctures forming two rings around the cane from
Y% to 1 inch apart, which the small beetle makes with its mandi-
bles, and between which the egg is deposited. The latter insect
may be controlled in the same manner as the preceding.

Grass and grain insects

Clover mite, Bryobia pratensis Garm. This little mite
is a very common species and occasionally is present in immense
numbers toward the end of the season, at which time it may cause
serious injury by sucking the vital fluids from the leaves.

Mr L. L. Woodford, of Berwyn, has recently called our attention
to what, for this State, is an abnormal abundance of the eggs. He
states that one peachtree was so badly infested that many square
inches of its surface presented a red color on account of the
abundant eggs. In some places areas the size of a silver dollar
appeared as if splashed with red paint. A twig, submitted with
his communication, showed myriads of the characteristic eggs
around every bud and at the base of each branch. They were so
numerous as to give a distinct red coloring to an irregular area
around each prominence. Dr C. L. Marlatt has recorded
instances where the eggs were much more numerous on trees in
the western states, but, so far as known to us, this species is not
usually so abundant in the East. The eggs may be destroyed, as
shown by experiments of Prof. C. P. Gillette, by spraying in win-
ter with the standard kerosene emulsion diluted with but 5 parts
of water. It is very probable that the 10% or 15¢ mechanical

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 107

crude petroleum emulsion would be just as effective and on some
- accounts preferable.

Corn worm or bollworm, Heliothis armiger Hiibn. This
southern species is well known on account of its serious depre-
dations on cotton, and occasionally it is brought to notice in the
northern states because of injuries to corn or tomatoes.

Dr M. W. Van Denburg, of Mount Vernon N. Y., reports this
species as being unusually abundant in that section, where it
occurred on sweet corn during the latter part of August. He
states that the larvae eat the succulent husks, the kernels and also
the juicy cob, leaving their burrows full of a brownish, moist
excrement, in which they seem to be packed. He adds that the
larvae occurred in about 10% of the ears.

Hessian fly, Cecidomyia destructor Say. The serious
depredations of this grain pest were recorded in a preceding re-
port; and the statement that practically no harm has been in-
flicted during the past season, not even in cases where white or
no. 6 wheat was so seriously damaged the preceding year, is
worthy of record.

Pea weevil, Bruchus pisi Linn. This little insect is a spe
cies which occurs somewhat commonly in peas, and its presence
is too frequently overlooked or regarded as of comparatively little
importance, and those planting a few peas or even growing them
on a considerable scale, pay little or no attention to whether the
seed is infested by this insect or not. As a matter of fact, this
subject is one of considerable importance, particularly in Canada,
where the species has caused enormous losses in recent years,
and, unless repressive measures are adopted or enforced, it may
cause much damage in the United States. Aside from direct
injury, it is a well established fact that peas infested by this
species have not the commercial value of clean seed, since, as
determined by Dr Fletcher, only 17% to 20% of the infested ones
will germinate. This means that where the weevil is at all
abundant in the seed, one half to four fifths of it may be worth-
less; and purchasers will do well to bear this in mind. The
sowing of this seed not only results in a less than normal number
of plants, but also aids the propagation of the insect; and it is
very probable that a great many of these pests are eaten in green
peas — something which is not agreeable to contemplate.

108 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

The species can be easily controlled, since it is confined to one
food plant, namely peas, and hibernates either within the seed
or in sheltered places.

If the peas for seed purposes are harvested early, promptly
threshed and treated with carbon bisulfid, none of the insects will
be able to survive; and Dr Fletcher states that if the peas
be tightly inclosed in a paper bag, the weevils will be unable to
escape from their prison, and, if the seed be held over till the
second year, which may be done without injuring its germinating
powers, all of the weevils will die, and consequently there will
be no danger of the species propagating. This simple method
involves little or no additional expense; and, if the large growers
of seed peas will in turn cooperate and fumigate all of their
stock, there should be comparatively little or no trouble from the
species in future years. It would undoubtedly be good business
policy for growers of peas to print on each package a statement
that the seed has been properly fumigated; and buyers are urged
to insist on this treatment or to apply it to seed before it is
planted.

Shade tree insects

Elm leaf beetle, Galerucella luteola Mill. This serious
enemy of elms in the Hudson river valley has inflicted consider-
able injury during the past season, though it does not appear to
have been quite so abundant in Albany and vicinity as in earlier
years. It has also been reported as present in reduced numbers
at Annandale, Dutchess co. It still ranks however as a pest of
prime importance, and, where repressive measures, such as spray-
ing with an arsenical poison, are not employed, many trees have
sustained very serious injuries. The insect is gradually extend-
ing its range in the upper Hudson and lower Mohawk valleys, as
is evidenced by its being widely distributed and quite injurious
at Schenectady and also by its location recently in large numbers
at Saratoga Springs. The latter outbreak is of considerable
interest, because it is the most northern locality where very seri-
ous injuries have been caused by this species. It was hoped a
few years ago that climatic conditions in this and similar local-
ities would prevent serious depredations. This opinion has been
refuted by its work in 1902; and it now remains to be seen
whether the insect will prove to be seriously destructive for a

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 109

term of years. A recent note’ by Prof. M. V. Slingerland states
that this species occurs in small numbers at Ithaca N. Y.

White marked tussock moth, Notolophus leucostigma
Abb. & Sm. This is one of the well known serious enemies of
our shade trees in some of the larger cities of the State; and it
is not unusual to see a number of horse-chestnut trees defoliated
by the caterpillars. The cities of Albany and Troy have been
comparatively free from this species in recent years, because in
all probability, of the active measures employed for the control
of the elm leaf beetle, which naturally resulted in other insects
receiving the same treatment when their unusual abundance ren-
dered it necessary. The work of this insect was exceedingly
prevalent during the past season in the city of Buffalo, where
it defoliated thousands of horse-chestnut trees over a considerable
portion of the city. It was an exception to find one which had
escaped injury, and the foliage of practically all of the trees was
destroyed.

This species occasionally produces two generations a year in
the vicinity of Albany, a fact which has not been previously
recorded. The writer’s attention was drawn to a number of the
caterpillars of this insect on a small, soft mapletree in Albany
in the early part of September. These were undoubtedly a second
generation, and occasionally individuals of the same species have
been met with here and there during the latter part of the sum-
mer. This is very interesting, since this species is known to
produce two generations normally in Boston and New York, while
at Albany and probably some distance south a single brood is the
rule.

Fall webworm, Hyphantria textor Harris. This is one
of the injurious general feeders, which is usually present each —
year in greater or less numbers in some section of the State. It
was unusually abundant and destructive in the southern counties,
particularly in Orange and Rockland, where its nests were very
conspicuous in many trees. It was also reported as quite abund-
ant and destructive in some of the western counties, specially in
Genesee, where it was stated to be more numerous than Mr J. F.
Rose had even seen before. This species is such a general

1Entomological News, Jan. 1903, 14:30.

110 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

feeder that under ordinary conditions it does not inflict serious
damages, and is usually fairly well controlled by natural enemies.

Black banded Lecanium, Lecanium nigrofasciatum
Perg. This small insect has previously attracted comparatively
little attention in this State. It was noticed briefly in our previ-
ous report and was brought to the attention of Dr Lintner in
1896, by examples sent from Poughkeepsie, where it had been
exceedingly abundant on a hard maple. It has been observed in
relatively small numbers on soft maples in Albany till the last
few years, when it has become plenty on certain trees, and during
1902 it was found to be present in immense numbers on many
soft maples. The insects were so abundant that a large amount
of honeydew was excreted, and the growth of the trees seriously

checked by its work.
Forest insects

Willow and poplar curculio, Cryptorhynchus lapathi
Linn. This destructive weevil has been quite injurious to nursery
stock in western New York during the past season. Its presence
is usually indicated externally, in the case of willows, by a purp-
lish discoloration of the bark on either side of the transverse
burrow and by the drying and shrinking of the thin bark directly
over the gallery.

The full grown larva or grub burrows in the center of small
stems, frequently for a distance of 3 or 4 inches, and the pupal
cell is found near the extremity of this burrow [pl. 6, fig. 1]. The
galleries of the young grubs occur around buds and at the base of
small limbs and frequently partly girdle the tree. Their presence
is not so conspicuous as the work of older individuals and is
usually indicated by a brownish discoloration with a few minute
borings near the entrance.

Larvae, pupae and adults were found in infested stock sub-
mitted for examination July 18. A number of adults were bred
in the course of a few weeks. The insect was so abundant in
some nurseries as to cause serious loss and, on account of its
working within the stems, is a difficult one to control. The
destruction by fire of badly infested trees appears to be the most
practical method of checking it, though something may possibly
be accomplished by spraying the stems of young willows and pop-

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 111

lars with a repellent insecticide, such as whale oil soap or the
carbolic soap wash. These applications should be made about
the first of July and probably repeated toward the latter end of
the month, the time for second treatment depending somewhat
on the amount of rain.

Nun moth, Psilura monacha Linn. Our attention has
recently been called to the reported presence of this European
insect at Brooklyn N. Y. According to the published account,’
Mr George Franck stated that, on looking over the small collection
of a local collector during the summer of 1901, he found among
other material five individuals of this species, which he identified
by comparison with European specimens, of which he possessed
anumber. The collector in question had no communication with
others than Mr Franck, from whom he obtained material in
exchange, and, when he was questioned regarding this species
and its occurrence, Mr Franck was assured that the specimens
had been captured at light in Brooklyn. No other person who
had been consulted in regard to this species knew anything of
its occurrence in that vicinity, and it was put down as an acci-
dental importation, which is possibly true. The person who
made the capture resides in a district where there are numerous
lumber yards, and shipping is quite extensive. The location is
described as being around North 2d street and Metropolitan
avenue, near a creek which adjoins that portion of the bay run-
ning through the eastern part of Brooklyn. Since only five of the
insects were taken, it may not be that the species has been intro-
duced; but, as pointed out by Dr Howard, we may have here a
parallel case to that of the gipsy moth, Porthetria dispar
Linn., which was known to be actually introduced into this coun-
try 25 years before it attracted the attention of economic ento-
mologists. The two species are related and have similar habits;
and there is reason to believe that, if this species does become
permanently established in the vicinity of New York, it will
prove a serious enemy and perhaps be even more troublesome than
the gipsy moth. The latter was established inland, while the
nun moth, if it has obtained a foothold, will probably spread to
the immediate vicinity of water ways on either side. This feature

1 Howard, L. O. U.S. Dep’t Agric. div. ent. Bul. 38. n. s. 1902. p.90-91.

112 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

alone makes the matter of much greater importance, since vessels
would afford the insect excellent opportunities to extend its range
in this country, and there would be much greater difficulty, if it
should become at all abundant, in limiting the spread of the
species than was the case with the gipsy moth.

The parent insects are said to fly during July and August.
The moths are a grayish or yellowish white, irregularly marked
on the fore wings with dark brown or black, as shown on plate
6, figure 2. The hind wings are a pearly gray and margined
with grayish brown spots. The abdomen is transversely marked
with more or less distinct black bands interspersed with a
reddish or rosy hue. The female has a wing spread of nearly 2
inches and the male about an inch and a half. The latter may be
recognized by its smaller size and the pectinate antennae.

The larva has been described by Furneaux as follows: ‘“ The
caterpillar is hairy, and of a grayish white color. A brown stripe
runs down the back. On the top of the second segment are two
blue tubercles; and there is also a tubercle, of a reddish color,
on each of the ninth, 10th and 11th segments.”

The larva has been recorded as feeding on a number of trees,
notably oak, birch, fir, pine and apple, becomes full grown in
June or July, and is specially injurious to spruce forests.

This species, as recorded by Myrick, is sometimes exceedingly
destructive to fir forests on the continent, stripping the trees so
completely as to kill them. A more detailed account of what this
insect will do is given by Professor Fernow, now director of the
New York State College of Forestry. He states’ that the rav-
ages of this insect in Europe from 1853 to 1867 involved an area
of over 100,000 square miles and destroyed 55,000,000 cords of
wood, necessitating the premature cutting of 7,000,000 cords to
save it from subsequent attack by bark beetles. The attack in
1891 at first involved some 20,000 acres of spruce in upper
Bavaria, but soon reports were received from all parts of Ger-
many, Austria, Bohemia, etc., indicating an unusual abundance
of the insect, so that many thousand square miles of forest were
involved. Over $8000 were spent in the first named district in
checking the ravages of the insect, and a special committee was

Insect Life. 1891. 3: 370.

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGISrT 1902 1138

appointed by the Bavarian government to discuss and advise
measures to prevent the further spread of this species. The
situation was so grave that the German government in 1891
appropriated $350,000 to fight this pest, most of which was
expended on banding with an insect lime.

Walnut worm, Datana integerrima Gr. & Rob. This
is our most common species belonging to the genus and one which
is annually present in greater or less numbers in the western
part of the State. It defoliated many butternut and walnut
trees in Genesee county during last summer, as reported by
Mr J. F. Rose, of South Byron; and our observations showed that
it was also extremely abundant in Chautauqua county, where a
considerable number of trees suffered severely from its ravages.
Some of the smaller and worse infested trees lost most of their
foliage, while the larger ones suifered to a less extent.

Birch leaf Bucculatrix, Bucculatrix canadensisella
Chamb. The extensive depredations of this insect [pl. 6, fig. 3]
in 1901 were noticed in a previous report. The species has not
been quite so abundant during the past season, though in the
vicinity of Karner a large proportion of the birches were prac-
tically skeletonized. State botanist Peck has also informed the
writer that it was exceedingly injurious in the vicinity of Lake
Placid. The work of the pest was so general in that section that
clumps of birches could be recognized at a distance by their
uniform brown color. }

17 year cicada, Cicada septendecim Linn. The brood
of this insect, due to appear in New York State the present year,
was a very limited one; and the following localities, kindly com-
municated to me by Mr Chester Young, of Ellenville, are placed
on record. ‘The insects were observed by him at Wantagh, Nassau
co.; also between Massapequa and Amityville, between Sayville
and Oakdale, east of Patchogue to Brookhaven, and also to the
north of Medford and Holtsville, and a small brood northeast of
Riverhead, all in Suffolk county.

The writer has been unable to verify the occurrence of the insect
in either Monroe or Niagara counties, where it had been reported

in earlier years.
Household insects ;
Webbing or southern clothes moth, Tineola biselliella
Hummel. This species is a southern form, which is stated by

114 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Messrs Howard and Marlatt to be the more common one in the
latitude of Washington. It also occurs farther north; and the
breeding of it in considerable numbers from insects which had
been in our collection for some years is worthy of record, though
it is not a new habit, since the larva is known to feed on a variety
of animal substances and has been previously recorded as occur-
ring in collections. It was abundant enough in our own, so that
one large moth was nearly destroyed, and a number of others in-
jured, and it is apparently a form which would cause considerable
damage if allowed to breed undisturbed.

Beneficial insects

Twice-stabbed Chinese ladybug, Chilochorus similis Rossi.
The establishment of Aspidiotus perniciosus Comst. at
San José Cal., and its subsequent spread to and injuries in many
of the eastern states have led to active seeking for means of con-
trolling this pest. Countless experiments with various insecti-
cides have been carried out, and considerable attention has been
given to ascertaining the original home of this species, in hopes
that some natural enemy might be found there which would prove
of great service in checking it. The personal investigations of
Dr C. L. Marlatt in Japan and China in 1901 led this gentleman
to conclude that the original home of this species was in northern
China, and its most effective natural enemy in that section was
the above named ladybug, and he shipped living examples of
this species to Washington D. C., where they were carefully reared
for the purpose of ascertaining their value. We were fortunate
enough to obtain 50 adult beetles last August, and have since
kept them on a badly infested tree inclosed in a tight, wire-covered
breeding cage. The insects were placed on the tree Aug. 13, anda
number of them were observed investigating young scales very
shortly after being liberated. Examination Aug. 22 showed that
the beetles were apparently healthy, though there were no signs
of eggs or grubs, and some of the scale insects appeared to have
been eaten. LTEarly the next month one beetle was found, but no
evidence of breeding was observed. Sep. 23 an examination by
Mr Young resulted in finding about 150 larvae or grubs, which
were working almost entirely on the southern side of the
tree. There were more of| the insects on twigs than on

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 115

leaves, and fewer scales were observed on the portion of the
tree where the predaceous larvae were most abundant, since the
scale insects were not clustered along the midribs of the leaves
where the grubs occurred, as was the case in portions which ap-
peared to be free froin them. Oct. 17 the cage was again visited,
and a few living larvae or grubs, together with two or three
living bectles and a considerable number of pupae, were found.
Five or six pupae were observed on the wire side of the cage, and
there was considerable evidence of the larvae having eaten large
numbers of the scale insects.

This species resembles our native twice-stabbed ladybug,
Chilocorus bivulnerus Muls., so closely that only a spec-
ialist can separate the adults. There is more difference between
the larvae of the two species, the skin of the imported form being
reddish or a flesh tint, while that of our native species is dull
gray. The larval spines of the introduced species are less prom-
inent and differ structurally from those of our native ladybug.
There appears to be no reason why our native species should not
be equally valuable in checking this scale insect, but at present
at least this introduced form seems to be much more effective,
and it may prove to be an exceedingly valuable ally in combating
this most pernicious scale insect.

Praying mantis, Mantis religiosus Linn. The distribu-
tion of the eggs of this beneficial species in a number of localities
in the Hudson and Mohawk river valleys was recorded in our
preceding report, and the statements of some of the recipients
that eggs hatched and individuals developed were also published.
It is worthy of record that the eggs of this species were reported
by George S. Graves, Newport, as hatching June 22 of the present
year, and Mr W. C. Hitchcock, Pittstown, states that a nearly
full grown individual was taken by him Sep. 8, and that several
others were observed by neighbors. There is a bare possibility
of a mistake in some of the above records; and yet the appearance
of this insect is characteristic, and, as each of these gentlemen
were supplied with figures of the insect, it hardly seems as if
there could be any doubt of the insect having become established
in these two localities.

116 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Chinese praying mantis, Tenodera sinensis Saussure. It
is interesting in connection with the above to note that this large
species has already become established in New York city and its
vicinity, as stated by Mr L. H. Joutel.

This insect was first brought prominently to the attention of
American entomologists in 1898 by Philip Laurent publishing
‘a brief notice of its occurrence in the vicinity of Philadelphia in
the issue of the Entomological News for June. In a later issue
Mr Laurent states that he received the first specimen from Mr
Mehan of the firm of Thomas Mehan & Sons in 1896. Later re-
ports state that the insect has become well established in Phila-
delphia and apparently is able to hold its own in that climate. It
appears to be thriving in the vicinity of New York city and may
prove to be a valuable addition to our fauna, since it preys on
other insects, and can hardly be otherwise than beneficial.

IMPORTANCE OF INJURIOUS INSECTS INTRODUCED
FROM ABROAD’ —

One can not help being interested in the sources of our troubles;
and the writer recently had occasion to look up some of the facts
concerning introduced species, which, though they are well known,
are worthy of further emphasis. It is generally conceded that
some of our most troublesome insect pests are those which have
made their way to us from abread, and, while this is accepted as
an authentic statement, iis impertance is not fully realized. The
depredations of these introduced species are becoming more and
more apparent, and the present indications are that in the
future even more strenuous efforts must be made to subdue some
of these insects. Let us glance briefly at the conditions in several
portions of our country.

The commonwealth of Massachusetts now has within its borders
two exceedingly injurious insects, which are bound sooner or later
to make their way over a considerable portion of the United
States. That commonwealth made a determined effort to ex:
terminate the gipsy moth, Porthetria dispar Linn., and
after the expenditure of over one million dollars abandoned the

1 Read before the Society for the Promotion of Agricultural Science at its meeting held in| Wash-
ington D. C. Dec. 29. 1902. *

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 117

task. The insect is now becoming more and more abundant, has
established itself in Rhode Island and is gradually extending its
range. The brown tail moth, Euproctis chrysorrhoea
Linn., has also become established in that state, is known to oecur
in New Hampshire and Maine and is rapidly extending its range.
The elms of that commonwealth are seriously injured by the
imported elm leaf beetle, Galerucella luteola Miill., which
has made its way over a considerable proportion of the state
and is being assisted in its destructive work by the imported elm
bark louse, Gossyparia ulmi Geoff. It would seem as if
this might be sufficient, but apparently not, since the dreaded
San José scale, Aspidiotus perniciosus Comst., is also
established in a number of localities in that state and is proving
true to its reputation in other places.

The condition of New York State is not. much happier than
that of its sister commonwealth, though as yet it is free from
the gipsy and brown tail moths. Our elms, however, are badly
injured from year to year by both the elm leaf beetle and the
elm bark louse, and the shade trees in the vicinity of New York
city are seriously ravaged by another imported insect, the leopard
moth, Zeuzera pyrina Linn., a species which thrives in a
large number of trees and when not checked inflicts extensive in-
juries. Our fruit trees are suffering here and there from exces-
sive infestation by San José scale. The pear psylla, Psylla
pyricola Forst., occasionally inflicts great injury on this fruit
tree in various portions of the State.

In the South, we find the cotton boll weevil, Anthonomus
grandis Boh., threatening the cotton crop of Texas, while the
harlequin cabbage bug, Murgantia histrionica Hahn., has
established itself in numbers in most of the southern states and
is proving an exceedingly serious enemy of cruciferous crops.
The imported peach scale, Diaspis pentagona Targ., is
another recent introduction which has become established in
several localities in the southern states and bids fair to rival in
destructiveness the San José scale. It is also established in one
or two localities in the north.

These are all insects which have been introduced into this
eountry within comparatively recent years and which are proving
pests of first importance. It is interesting in this connection to

118 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
|

observe where these and other introduced species first became
establisked in the country. The gipsy and brown tail moths,
Porthetria dispar Linn. and Euproctis chrys
orrhoea lLinn., were first detected in Massachusetts, while
the elm bark louse, Gossyparia ulmi Geoff., the Hessian
fly, Cecidomyia destructor Say, the common asparagus
beetle, Crioceris asparagi Linn. the leopard moth,
Zeuzera pyrina Linn., the Buffalo and black carpet beetles,
Anthrenus scrophulariae Linn. and Attagenus
piceus Oliv., and the European fruit tree scale insect, As pid-
iotus ostreaeformis Curt., were first detected in New
York State or its immediate vicinity, in the case of the leopard
moth; and, according to recent reports, we may find that the nun
moth, Psilura monacha Linn., has become established in
ihe vicinity of New York city. Another imported insect,
Coleophora limosipennella Dup., which may prove very
destructive to elms, was recently brought to our atten-
tion on account of its occurrence in large numbers on Scotch
elms in Brooklyn. The 12 spotted asparagus beetle, Cr ioceris
12-punctata Linn., was first detected in the vicinity of Balti-
more, as is also true of the elm leaf beetle, Galerucella
luteola Mill.

The few records given above indicate that a considerable num-
ber of the imported insects make their way to this country
through the port of New York and naturally become established
in the immediate vicinity of New York city or else at one of the
great centers of the nursery trade in the western part of the
State. Considerably fewer species come into the country through
the port of Boston or through others south of New York. It may
never be possible or practicable to attempt the establishment of
a quarantine on our eastern coast, but it is certainly advisable
for us to maintain a close watch (as is now done in New York
by agents of the State Departinent of Agriculture) at these points
of danger, in order that we may detect the advent of other
injurious species and see that they are adequately controlled.

The injuries inflicted by the various imported insects are simply
enormous and in most cases entirely beyund calculation. The

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 119

wheat midge, Diplosis tritici Fitch, inflicted in 1854, ac
cording to the estimates of Dr Fitch, a loss of $15,000,000 in New
York State, or reduced the crop by about 7,000,000 bushels. A
conservative estimate of the damage during the same year, by
J. H. Klippart, secretary of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture,
places the loss in that state at from 5,000,000 to 7,000,000 bushels.
Two years later Dr Fitch estimated that from one half to two
thirds of the wheat crop on the uplands of Livingston and Monroe
counties was destroyed, and that nearly all of that on the flats,
the latter comprising at least 2000 acres, was not harvested. Dr
Fitch further states that the loss in 1857 probably exceeded that
of 1854, and that one third of the entire crop, or about 8,000,000
bushels, was destroyed in Canada. The periodical injuries by
the Hessian fly, Cecidomyia destructor Say, are well
known, and it is not necessary to refer to them more than to
mention that in 1846 it was estimated that in the western section
of New York State there was a loss of not less than 500,000
bushels, and in our recent outbreak in 1901, the damage in New
York State was placed at $3,000,000. Dr Marlatt has estimated
that the loss in the Ohio valley on the crop of 1899-1900
amounted to from $35,000,000 to $40,000,000, and he places the
minimum annual loss in the chief wheat growing sections of
the country at 40,000,000 bushels and over. The exceedingly
common codling moth, Carpocapsa pomonella Linn.,
is well known as a destructive insect ; and it may be interesting to
record Dr Forbes’s estimate of $2,375,000 as the annual loss
caused by it in the State of Illinois, while Professor Slingerland
has placed the average damage in New York State at $3,000,000.
In the southern states, enormous injuries by the cotton worm,
Aletia argillacea Hibn., are well known. The average loss
in the cotton states for the 14 years following the Civil War was
estimated by Dr Packard at $15,000,000, and that for 1873 was
placed by the same author at $25,000,000. Later, in 1877, he
estimates the annual loss as ranging from $25,000,000 to
$50,000,000. These are a few examples of what some of our in-
troduced insect pests have done, and represent only a very small
fraction of the entire loss, which in many cases can not be esti-
mated with any approach to accuracy. It should perhaps be

120 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

added that the imported fluted scale, Icerya purchasi Mask.,
threatened the entire citrus fruit industries of California in the
80’s and was effectually subdued only by the importation of nat-
ural enemies.

We have made an attempt to classify these imported insects
according to their destructiveness or prospective importance; and
the following annotated lists give our judgment regarding some
of these forms.

INTRODUCED SPECIES OF PRIMARY ECONOMIC IM PORTANC®:
Affecting fruit trees

San Jose scale. ASpidiotus perniciosus Comst. This
species, though recently introduced, is already widely distributed
over the United States and easily ranks as one of the most in-
jurious scale insects in the country and is probably as destructive
as any other imported fori.

The black scale, Lecanium oleae Bern., is very injurious,
particularly to oranges and lemons in southern California.

The codling moth, Carpocapsa pomonella Linn., is one
of our older pests and yearly causes great losses, as mentioned in
a preceding paragraph.

The brown tail moth, Euproctis chrysorrhoea Linn,
is one of our most recently introduced species, which promises to
be not only quite injurious to peartrees, but also very annoying
to man, since the irritating hairs of its caterpillar have caused
very serious inflammations, in neighborhoods where the insect
was numerous.

The gipsy moth, Porthetria dispar Linn., though of com-
paratively recent introduction and still confined to a somewhat
limited territory, is a species of prime economic importance and
may eventually become one of the most destructive in the country.
It fortunately spreads slowly and may be controlled locally.

The pear psylla, Psylla pyricola Forst., though first de-
tected in Connecticut, probably entered the country through the
port of New York and is exceedingly destructive to peartrees in
some years. It has obtained a wide distribution in New York
State and is known to occur as far west as Illinois.

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 121

Affecting shade trees

The elm leaf beetle, Galerucella luteola Miill., is a
species which is at present confined largely to the Atlantic coast
and during the last four or five years has been extending its range
northward, particularly in New York and Massachusetts, where it
has been exceedingiy destructive, and easily ranks as one of the
most serious enemies of elms.

The leopard moth, Zeuzera pyrina Linn., is limited largely
to the vicinity of New York city, where it has proved very in-
jurious to soft maples in particular, though it has been recorded
as depredating on a great many other trees.

Affecting grains

The Hessian fly, Cecidomyia destructor Say, is a well
known destructive species, which occasionally causes exceedingly
severe losses and is more or less injurious every year in some sec-
tion of the country.

The grain aphis, Nectarophora granaria Kirby, is ex-
ceedingly destructive in some years to grains in certain sections,
and there is no practical method of controlling it.

A grain louse, Toxoptera graminum Rond., is a recent
introduction and has proved very injurious to wheat in Texas.

Affecting cotton and other crops

The cotton worm, Aletia argillacea Hiibn., is a well
known and exceedingly injurious insect in the South.

Its associate, the boll worm or corn worm, Heliothis
armiger Hiibn., is exceedingly injurious and may have had
a foreign origin.

The cotton boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boh, is a
species which has recently become established in Texas, where it
has already inflicted enormous damages and is proving exceed-
ingly difficult to control.

The hop plant louse, Phorodon humuli Schrank, is a
serious enemy of this crop, which occasionally causes very great
losses and is more or less destructive each year.

The cabbage maggot, Phorbia brassicae Bouché, is very
destructive to cabbages in various sections of the United States
and has led to the abandonment by many growers of early cab-

122 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

bage, cauliflowers and radishes about New York city, according
to Peter Henderson, who records the destruction of tens of thou-
sands of acres in 1887.

The destructive pea aphis, Nectarophora pisi Kalt, is a
species which has caused widespread loss to extensive pea-
growers in the Atlantic states and has led many to abandon the
late varieties in order to escape its ravages.

RECENTLY INTRODUCED SPECIES WHICH MAY BECOME VERY

DESTRUCTIVE

The sinuate pear borer, Agrilus sinuatus Oliv., is estab-
lished in the vicinity of New Brunswick N. J.

The recently imported West Indian peach scale, Diaspis
pentagona Targ., is very injurious where established in the
southern states and is known in a few localities in Massachusetts.

The European fruit tree scale insect, ASpidiotus ostreae-
formis Curt., is established in New York State and in a number
of other localities in this country, but as yet has not proved
markedly injurious.

The wheat sawfly, Cephus pygmaeus Linn., has become
established in several localities in this country, but has not proved
very injurious, though it is a well known enemy of wheat in
Europe.

An interesting case-bearer, Coleophora limosipennella
Dup., was brought to the speaker’s notice last year, when it was
inflicting considerable injury on Scotch elms at Brooklyn. It is
apparently a recently introduced species.

The willow and poplar curculio, Cryptorhynchus lapathi
Linn., has become established in a number of widely separated
localities and has proved quite injurious to nursery and other
young trees in particular.

OTHER INTRODUCED SPECIES

Most of the forms included in this list are quite destructive
at times, though not as a rule so injurious, or likely to become so,
as those in the preceding lists. Most of them are so familiar
that comment is unnecessary.

Species affecting fruit trees
Pear midge, Diplosis pyrivora Riley
Bud moth, Tmetocera ocellana Schiff.

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 123

Cherry and pear slug, Eriocampoides limacina Retz.
Apple aphis, Aphis mali Fabr.

Cherry aphis, Myzus cerasi Fabr.

Pear blight beetle, Xyleborus dispar Fabr.

Fruit tree bark beetle, Scolytus rugulosus Ratz.
Appletree bark louse, Mytilaspis pomorum Bouché,
Orange bark louse Mytilaspis citricola Pack.

Greedy scale insect, Aspidiotus camelliae Sig.

Fluted seale, Icerya purchasi Mask.

Species affecting small fruits

Currant sawfly, Pteronus ribesii Scop.
Currant stem borer, Sesia tipuliformis Linn.
Rose scale, Aulacaspis rosae Sandb.

Species affecting miscellaneous crops

Larger cornstalk borer or sugar cane borer, Diatraea
saccharalis Fabr.

Common asparagus beetle, Crioceris asparagi Linn.

12 spotted asparagus beetle, Crioceris 12-punctata
Linn.

Cabbage aphis, Aphis brassicae Linn.

Harlequin cabbage bug, Murgantia histrionica Hahn.

Onion maggot, Phorbia ceparum Meig.

Seed corn maggot or locust egg anthomyian, Phorbia
fusiceps Zett.

Variegated cutworm, Peridroma saucia Hiibn.

Xylophasia arctica Bdv.

Cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae Linn.

Cabbage worm, Plutella cruciferarum Zell.

Imported cabbage webworm, Hellula undalis Fabr.

Carrot rust fly, Psila rosae Fabr., has been known in
Canada for some years and was first detected in New York State
in 1901.

Clover leaf weevil, Phytonomus punctatus Fabr.

Mamestra trifolii Rott.

Clover root borer, Hylastes trifolii Mill.

Clover hay worm, Pyralis costalis Fabr.

Prolific Chlorops, Chlorops variceps Loew.

124 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Affecting forest trees

Larch sawfly, Lygaeonematus erichsonii Hart.

Woolly larch aphis, Chermes strobilobius Kalt.

Birch seed midge, Cecidomyia betulae Winnertz

The European willow gall midge, Rhabdophaga salicis
Schrank, was recently detected by us in central New York, where
it has caused considerable injury by infesting willows grown for
binding nursery stock.

Golden oak scale insect, Asterolecanium variolo-
sum Ratz.

Elm bark louse, Gossyparia ulmi Geoff.

Affecting domestic animals

Horn fly, Haematobia serrata Rob.-Desv.
Screw worm, Lucilia macellaria Fabr.

Enemies to stored food products

This list comprises a number of widely distributed species, a
few of which are exceedingly destructive.

Mediterranean flour moth Ephestia kuehniella Zell.
This species is the most destructive mill pest known in the
country, and when abundant may necessitate the cessation, of
operations and thorough cleansing before grinding can be re-
sumed.

Indian meal worm, Plodia interpunctella Hiibn.

The rice weevils, Calandra’ granaria’ Linn? land? ©;
oryzae Linn.

The bean weevil, Bruchus obtectus Say.

The pea weevil, Bruchus pisi Linn.

Insects alinoying or injurious in houses

This group comprises practically all of our species, as may
be seen from the following list.

Case-making clothes moth, Tinea pellionella Linn.

Southern clothes moth, Tineola biselliella Hum.

Tapestry moth, Trichophaga tapetzella Linn.

Buffalo carpet beetle, Anthrenus scrophulariae Linn.

Black carpet beetle, Attagenus piceus Oliv.

Larder beetle, Dermestes lardarius Linn.

Little red ant, Monomorium pharaonis Linn.

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 125

House fly, Musca domestica: Linn.

The bed bug, Acanthia lectularius Linn.
The cockroach, Periplaneta orientalis Linn.
The American cockroach, Periplaneta americana Linn.
The croton bug, Phyllodromia germanica Fabr.

1

Beneficial species

The general record concerning introduced species is not pleas-
ant reading, but that of the forms which aid in subduing insect
pests is one of the brightest pages of American economic
entomology. The first prominent success met with in introduc-
ing predaceous enemies was the importation of the Australian
ladybug, Noviuscardinalis Mul., which was introduced in
1889 in hopes that it would check the destructive fluted, scale,
Icerya purchasi Mask., which then threatened the entire
citrus industry of California. These hopes were realized in a
most gratifying manner, and the ravages of that scale are now a
matter of history.

Another valuable importation is that of the fig insect, Blas-
tophaga grossorum Grov., a species which is absolutely
essential for the production of the best quality of figs, and its
presence has made possible the growing of the celebrated Smyrna
figs in California. This was accomplished largely through the
division of entomology of the United States Department of
Agriculture and is another of the signal triumphs of ap-
plied or practical entomology. Another very recent importation,
which may possibly prove of greatest practical benefit to American
horticulture, is that of the -Chinese: ladybug, Chilocorus
similis Rossi, a species which feeds readily on the San José
scale and may eventually prove a very: efficient factor in controll-
ing it. '

_A list of the more important beneficial insects which have
become established in this country is as follows:

A parasite of the fluted scale, Lestophonus iceryae.
Will.

The fig: insect, Blastophaga grossorum Groy.
. Hessian fly parasite, Entedon epigonus Walk.

‘Scutellista: cyanea Motsch., a: parasite of -the black
. seale insect. = ;

126 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Cardinal ladybug, Novius cardinalis Muls.

Australian ladybugs, Novius koebelei Olliff and N.
bellus Blackburn.

Chinese ladybug, Chilocorus similis Rossi.

Black ladybug, Rhizobius ventralis Erich.

A predaceous enemy of bark borers, Clerus formicarius
Linn., introduced from Europe in 1892 by Dr A. D. Hopkins as a
valuable predaceous enemy of certain very injurious bark borers.

European praying mantis, Mantis religiosa Linn.

Chinese praying mantis, Tenodera sinensis Sauss.

The two latter were accidentally brought into the country ; and,
while we expect that in the main they will be beneficial, appre-
hension is felt by some, and their introduction may not prove
to be an unqualified benefit.

EXPERIMENTAL WORK AGAINST SAN JOSE SCALE
INSECT

The experimental work against this insect begun in 1900 and
continued in 1901 was further prosecuted during the past season,
and the results of earlier years were largely confirmed.

The lime, salt and sulfur ‘mixture, about which considerable
has been written in the past 12 months, was also tested, and
some valuable data obtained under various conditions. The
results in earlier years from spring applications of whale oil soap
in combination with crude petroleum and kerosene or its emul-
sions were such that it was not deemed advisable to continue
further work with these substances. The combination of the
soap with petroleum reduced the insecticidal value of the latter
and made a. somewhat safer combination, but increased the
cost of the emulsion, so that its use can be advised only when
no mechanical emulsion apparatus is at hand. The kerosene
and its emulsions proved so unsatisfactory in early spring appli-
cations that no further work was attempted with it.

Fall applications

All our previous work had been done in early spring just
before the buds began to open or just as they were unfolding,
and though the results were exceedingly satisfactory some tests
with fall applications were planned. These were all made Dee.

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 127

11, 1901. The day was an ideal one, there being very little or
no wind most of the time and the temperature ranging from
about 30° in the shade to 68° in the sun. The trees were dry,
and, despite the fact that there had been considerable cold
weather and much snow the previous week, the trunks of the
trees, even to the very base, were well exposed; consequently
the insecticide could be applied to the greatest advantage. Most
of this experimental work was limited to an exceedingly badly
infested orchard of young appletrees near Albany. A number of
these were dying and a considerable proportion of them were in
extremely bad condition, owing to the work of this scale insect.

20% mechanical crude petroleum emulsion. This mixture was ap-
plied to 23 appletrees in the above mentioned orchard. The oil
was obtained of the Derrick Oil Co. of Titusville Pa., and, after
being drawn from the barrel, tested 41.1° on the Beaumé oil scale.
The spraying was carefully done,,and, under the exceptional
weather conditions noted above, practically every portion of
each tree was covered with the mixture. The sprayed trees
were numbered 344-66, and their condition at the time of spray-
ing was as follows: nos. 344-347, 349, 350, 353, 355, 355a,
357, 361-863 were all very, very badly infested with the
scale, a large proportion of the bark being literally covered by
the pest. Trees 348, 352 and 359 were dead. Tree 351 was very
badly infested, and trees 354, 358 and 364 were rather badly
infested. A few scales were to be seen on tree 360, 865 was badly
infested, and only a stump remained of tree 356.

In addition to the appletrees named above a number of other
kinds of fruit trees on adjoining premises were sprayed with
the crude petroleum. Most of these trees were in a fairly vigor-
ous condition, though a few were somewhat badly infested by
the scale. .

An examination of the appletrees in midwinter raised consider-
able apprehension and it was feared that the insecticide had
caused serious injury, but investigation Mar. 10 showed that
the crude petroleum had not damaged the trees so much as was
feared. The tips of some branches were dead, and a number of
trees had died during the winter; but, as most of them were in
very bad condition on account of scale infestation, it is hardly
fair to attribute all the damage to the insecticide applied. In

¢

128 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

most instances the living bark of the trees ranged from slightly
green to a perfectly healthy green, and it was then expected
that a goodly proportion would develop a fair amount of foliage.
All the scale insects appeared to be killed. One peachtree in
an adjoining orchard, which had been sprayed at the same time
and under similar conditions with the 20% mechanical emulsion,
was examined in March, and it was found that the fruit buds
had apparently escaped all injury.

An inspection of the same trees May 6 showed that a number
had died, though this is not surprising after allowing for the in-
juries by the scale insects and also for the damage done by the
round-headed borer, which was exceedingly abundant in the
orchard. The trees sprayed with the crude petroleum emulsion
showed little or no more injury than those beside them treated
with whale oil soap, and we are therefore inclined to believe that
the petroleum inflicted relatively little injury.

This mechanical emulsion, as previously stated, was applied
under the same conditions to other trees, and the observations
made on them are of considerable interest. “May 6 these other
sprayed trees were examined with the following results. A
Dutchess pear showed a few dead limbs, was not badly infested
and bade fair to produce some blossoms. Another of the same
kind was leafing out nicely and gave evidence of producing a
number of blossoms. A Globe peachtree presented a very fair
bloom,, though some limbs were dead at the tips. The latter we
are inclined to believe was due to the weather of last winter,
because similar injury was observed on a number of untreated
trees. Meeches prolific quinces, of which several bushes were
treated, were in excellent condition and had an abundance of
flowers. Several Bartlett peartrees possessed a very good
foliage and an excellent bloom.

These and some other trees treated with crude petroleum
emulsion the preceding December were also observed June 12
with the following results. A Lombard plumtree was found
to be nearly uninjured by the oil, while several Clapp’s favorite
peartrees were hurt to some extent, the bark cracking in places
in the case of one tree and none bearing any fruit. Some injury
and no fruit was true of a Bartlett peartree, while another bore
considerable fruit and two others some. A Botan plumtree had

«

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 129

several limbs killed by the oil, but the others were apparently
all right. A Kieffer peartree was in excellent condition and
had a little fruit. One Dutchess pear was apparently unin-
jured and bore no fruit, while another would produce some.
Practically the same results were obtained on Beurre d’Anjou
and Vermont Beauty peartrees. The Meeches prolific quince-
trees bore out the promise of an earlier date and gave no evi-
dence of having suffered in the slightest from the application.
A yellow Gage plum was in excellent condition but bore no
fruit, and the same was true of a natural cherry, except that it
had a little fruit. A Magnum Bonum plum was in excellent con-
dition and bore considerable fruit.

An examination of the apple orchard June 12 failed to reveal
a single living scale insect; and, though some of the trees had
developed adventitious shoots, their occurrence could hardly be
attributed to the use of the oil, since they were almost equally
common on the trees sprayed with whale oil soap. The plum-
trees sprayed with the crude petroleum also developed a con-
siderable number of adventitious shoots, and it is possible that
they were injured by the oil, though such is not necessarily the
case.

An examination of these trees Nov. 11 by my assistant,
Mr Walker, showed that a few were very badly infested by the
scale, that some were badly infested and that several were
dead. The owner, since the treatment of the previous fall, had
set a number of new trees in vacant places. Most of these and
some of the ethers were in good condition.

In passing judgment on this experiment, it should be remem-
bered that no treatment whatsoever was given after the spraying
in December, and that, before the end of the season, the few
scale insects which presumably escaped destruction had an
excellent opportunity to multiply. Up to the middle of the sum-
mer at least there were very few living scale insects to be seen
on these trees ; and we can not help feeling that, while the insects
are now abundant on a number of the trees, the application
proved very efficient and was perhaps as effective, though some-
what injurious, as any spray which could be applied.

Good’s caustic potash whale oil soap no. 3. This insecticide was
applied at the rate of 2 pounds to the gallon to 315-28 and

130 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

331-43 in the above named young apple orchard and under con-
ditions previously described. The condition of these trees so
far as noted at the time of treatment, Dec. 11, 1901, was as fol-
lows. Trees 317, 320, 321, 322, 328, 324, 325, 326, 327, 333, 334,
335, 336, 338, 340, 341 and 342 were extremely badly infested with
the scale; trees 319, 330, 332 and 343 were very badly infested,
and trees 316 and 331 were rather badly infested; there were
only a few on tree 339 while trees 315, 318, 328 and 337 were
dead. 34 other fruit trees on an adjoining place were also
sprayed with this solution, except that a little of Good’s tobacco
whale oil soap no. 6, 2 pounds to the gallon, remained in the barrel
when the solution of no. 3 was added. ‘There was however very
little of the tobacco whale oil soap solution, and the effect would
hardly be modified.

The examination of the above mentioned trees Mar. 10, 1902,
showed that apparently all of the scale insects had been killed
by the treatment, and so far as noted no injury to the trees
occurred. The same was true of a later examination made May 6,
and there was no material change in conditions so far as noted
June 12. An examination of the appletrees Nov. 11, 1902, by
my assistant, Mr Walker, showed that a few of the trees were
very badly infested, some badly infested and others in good
condition. The application appears to have checked the pest
very thoroughly till toward the latter end of the season, when
the few which survived the treatment were able to multiply
and reinfest the trees to a considerable extent.

Good’s tobacco whale oil soap no. 6. This compound was used
in a solution of 2 pounds to the gallon and was applied to 11
small appletrees in the above described orchard and to nearly 20
greengage plumtrees on the northern boundary of the same.
The condition of the appletrees at the time of spraying was as
follows. Trees numbered 303, 307, 308 and 312 were very very
badly infested. Trees 305, 310 and 314 were dead except in the
case of 310, which had developed a few suckers; 311 was nearly
dead. There were a few scales to be seen on trees 304, 306 and
312, and 309 and 311 were very badly infested.

An examination of these trees Mar. 10 showed that apparently
every scale insect had been destroyed by the application, and
the same was true of a later examination May 6. This condi-

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 131

tion was not materially changed June 12, and an examination
Noy. 11 by my assistant, Mr Walker, showed that two were
very badly infested, some others badly infested and a few in a
good condition. This row of trees was in such bad condition
at the outset, and so many of them were nearly dead or had died
during the winter, that the actual record does not do justice to
the insecticide. Comparative observations led us to believe that
this tobacco whale oil soap solution was possibly a little more
effective in destroying scale insects than the more commonly
employed caustic potash whale oil soap no. 3.

Linseed oil. Several trees were carefully painted with this
substance Dec. 11, 1901, by my assistant, Mr C. M. Walker. The
treated trees were as follows: tree 226, a small apple, and 227,
a small peach, and 330, a very badly infested appletree, were
painted with the boiled linseed oil. The raw linseed oil was
similarly applied to an exceedingly badly infested appletree,
no. 329. It was found that a small tree required about 14 pint of
the oil, and nearly two hours were occupied in applying the
substance.

Mar. 10 the linseed oil could be easily seen on treated trees,
and on May 6 it was seen that two appletrees, 329 and 330, were
in a very serious condition and likely to die. June 12 it was found
that 830, which was painted with the boiled linseed oil, was
killed back to the stump and was then developing a very few
shoots, while tree 329, which received the raw oil, was dead.
This substance undoubtedly killed the scales and was appar-
ently almost equally destructive to the trees. Its use in the
fall certainly can not be advised.

Spring applications

The tests with various sprays in early spring were continued
last spring, and the results of earlier years have been largely
confirmed.

20% mechanical crude petroleum emulsion. This mixture was
applied Ap. 7 to about 70 trees, representing a number of the more
common varieties. The day was cloudy, and the trees were
damp at 11 a. m., so that no spraying was undertaken till 1 p. m.,
at which time the trees were dry, though it was not what would be
characterized as a drying day. The buds of some varieties of

132°, . NEW YORK.STATE MUSEUM

pears had. begun to open. This insecticide was applied to the
following trees: 15-28, 34-47, 60-74, 79-91, and 101-14, or in
other words, to the western end of our experimental orchard,
a map of which was published in our report for 1900. ;The
general character of the trees and their varieties. have been pre-
viously published. and can be ascertained by referring to the
above report. Tests of the mechanical dilution were made
while the work was in progress with the following results... At
tree 19, 54 oil was delivered; at tree 87, a little over 12.3%; at
tree 108, 144%; at tree 104, 12.54; and at tree 35, 21.5%. Tree 83
was resprayed, because very little oil was delivered with. the
apparatus at the first attempt on account of the petroleum being
low in the reservoir. The above figures vary much more widely —
than those of. any tests previously made with this apparatus, ~
and their divergence may have been due to the pump being
somewhat out of order, though the precise trouble was not
located.

The next day it began to rain about 10 a.m. and ceased about
noon, beginning again at 1 p. m., and poured from about 1.30 to
2 p.m., but it did not cease raining till 3 p.m. On the 9th it
rained some during the night and drizzled or rained most of the
time between 8 a. m. and noon. It rained some most of the ©
afternoon and during the night, and on the 10th it rained from
li a.m to3 p.m., also during the night and on the nights of the
ith and 12th. The weather bureau records at the Albany station,
less than 3 miles from the experimental orchard, give the pre-
cipitation as follows: .01 in. on the 7th; .22 on the 8th, .35 on the
9th and .20 on the 10th, a total of .78 in. or practically one third
of the rainfall during the month on the day of and the three
following the application.

An examination of the trees sprayed with oil showed that
they were apparently well covered, and the smell of petroleum
was very marked in the orchard. The rough bark on some of the
trees seemed to have absorbed the oil pretty thoroughly, but on
the smooth bark there was an abundance, as very little or none
had evaporated. The oil remaining on the trees for so long a
period with comparatively little evaporation was most favorable
to injury if such would be produced, and consequently a number
of the trees were examined closely May 6, with the following

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 . oe

results. Tree 113 was in very full bloom, showing that the
fruit buds had suffered no injury. Tree 114 had a number of
open blossoms and many unfolding buds. The latter had been
seriously injured by the scale in earlier years and was recover-
ing very nicely [pl. 2]. Tree 47 had many blossoms on it, though
they were somewhat sparse, while 41 produced a very large
number. Tree 101 bore a considerable number of opening blos-
soms. Trees 17-19 showed a slight blistering on the smooth
bark, due probably to the application of crude petroleum, but,
so far as could be discovered, no appreciable injury had been
done. It should also be stated that the bloom of peachtrees in
general was not full, so that a scarcity on the sprayed trees was
not necessarily due to the insecticide used [pl. 5].

An examination June 12 showed that the petroleum was still
apparent on the trees, but signs of its presence were limited
very largely to a darker, more moist appearance of the bark.
There was very little or no odor of the oil in the orchard.

An examination June 20 showed that tree 28 bore some living
females, and that young were found under the scales in small
numbers. Tree 73 was very badly infested with young scales
last spring, and these had been mostly destroyed. Living
females were found only on the underside of the branches, in
places where they were badly incrusted. The bark of this tree
had cracked to some extent, probably owing to the oil. Trees
23 and 60 had some living scales, and the bark of each was very
rough. Tree 103 was in excellent condition and had made a
very satisfactory growth, for in 1900 it was very badly infested,
and now the bark on the lower limbs and trunk is very rough.
Tree 101 has a poor shape, owing to the death of limbs, resulting
in all probability from the application of undiluted crude petro-
leum in 1900, but it is now making a fine growth. It has thrown
out many suckers, which is due probably to its previous hard
treatment. The bark of the lower limbs and trunk is very rough.

A detailed examination of these trees was made July 5 with
the following results. There were few or no young on the
following trees, 17, 19, 24, 26, 27, 34, 35, 42, 45, 46, 60, 62, 68,
64, 66, 70, 71, 74, 80, 81, 87, 88,89, 90,91, 101, 102, 103, 104, 109,
OS ei eS there were few or very few young on the

134 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

4

following trees, 18, 25, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 48, 47, 65, 79, 82, 83,
84, 85, 105, 106, 108; young were rather abundant on trees 15, 16,
21, 22, 23, 28, 44, 61, 68, 69, 114; and young were very abundant on
tree 73.

These trees were again carefully inspected Nov. 11 by my
assistant, Mr Walker, who rated them as follows. Condition
good, trees 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 24, 25, 26, 27, 34, 35, 36, 37, 42, 43,
44, 45, 47, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 68, 71, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84,
85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 109, 110, 111,
112, 113, and 114. The following were classed as being in a bad
condition, that is having on them a number of living scale
insects, trees 21, 22, 23, 38, 40, 41, 69, 70, 108; and trees 28 and
73 were rated as being very bad.

It will be seen by the above that only two trees were in very
bad shape at the end of the season, and both of these were
badly infested when the spraying was done last spring. Many
of those classed as being in bad condition have the bark of the
larger limbs and trunk rough, and this interferes materially
with the efficiency of the insecticide. A comparison of the con-
dition of these 70 trees ‘with the 50 at the other end of the orchard
sprayed with lime, salt and sulfur mixture is quite marked
and emphatically in favor of treatment with the oil. It should
be stated however that the relative inefficiency of the lime,
salt and sulfur mixture was probably due to the rains following
so shortly after application and continuing so long [see page
132]. These had practically no effect on the oil and therefore
gave it the advantage.

The writer at the outset raised the question as to the pos-
sibility of injury resulting to trees which had been sprayed
with petroleum for successive seasons, and now he is in a position
to supply a little data on this question. Trees 25-28, 41-47 and
101-14 have received applications of crude petroleum for three
successive seasons. Tree 101, a seckel pear, was very badly
infested in 1900 when it was sprayed with undiluted petroleum
and sustained serious injuries. The following year it was
sprayed with a mechanical mixture, consisting of 15¢ oil and a
whale oil soap solution, 1 pound to 4 gallons. Last spring it
was sprayed with the 20% mechanical emulsion. This tree was
in very bad condition at the outset, and, as above noted, was

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 135

seriously injured by the first application. It has been steadily
improving and now is in a vigorous condition, has developed a
large amount of new wood and bids fair in another year or two
to have a symmetric, good sized head. The twigs made a growth
of 8 to 12 inches during 1902 [pl. 3]. Tree 114, a pear of the
same variety, was sprayed in 1900 with undiluted crude petro-
leum but was not injured so much as no. 101. It was treated
last year with 20¢ mechanical crude petroleum, which was
obtained from Titusville, and this year again with a 204 petro-
leum emulsion. It is in vigorous condition and much better off
than two years ago [pl. 2]. Tree 69, a Howell pear, was treated
in 1900 with whale oil soap and petroleum and with a mechanical
emulsion of the latter in 1901 and 1902, and is now flourishing
[pl. 8]. The same is practically true of tree 66, a Bartlett
pear [pl. 2]. Tree 25 is a Beurre Bosc pear, which was very
badly infested in 1900. Trees 26 and 27 are Kieffer and tree 28
a seckel pear; the latter was also very badly infested in 1900.
At the end of 1900 young were reported as abundant on tree 28,
and the same was true at the end of 1901. The very bad condi-
tion of the tree at the end of 1902 is probably due to the fact
that it is in a corner which was rather difficult of access, and this
may have had some influence on its treatment in earlier years.
Tree 41 is a Crawford peach, and trees 42-45 and 47 are Old
Mixon peachtrees. Trees 42 and 43 were very badly infested
in the spring of 1900, but since then have developed little scale,
and all are in as good, if not better, condition than two years
ago last spring, and several of them bore very fair crops of fruit
this year [pl. 5].

These cases go far toward showing that successive applica-
tions of crude petroleum, if carefully made, will not injure trees,
and that those which are very badly infested can be freed from
the scale to a considerable extent and brought into a profitable
bearing condition.

Experiments at Highland. A 20% mechanical crude petroleum
emulsion was applied Ap. 1 to 52 plumtrees, mostly Abundance
and a few Burbank. The trees had been covered with ice and
snow by a storm during the night and had just dried. The
weather at the time of spraying was sunny, rather cool, and con-
siderable wind was stirring, but the trees were well covered with

136 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

the insecticide. Samples of the emulsion taken near the be
ginning, the middle and end of the spraying gave respectively
174, 13.6% and 15.6¢ of oil. These samples were taken while spray-
ing under a reduced pressure and from both nozzles. This varia-
tion is greater than any recorded in previous years and may have
been due to the apparatus being somewhat out of order. Sunday,
the 6th, 7ginch of rain fell, and between that and the 11th, 1%4
inches more. The weather was such that no spraying was at-
tempted between the initial application and the latter date.

An examination July 7 showed that about all of the trees
sprayed with the emulsion were infested with from very few to
rather abundant young scale insects. They were found almost
entirely near the center of the rows. There was no evidence to
show that the fruit buds had been affected in the slightest by
the application.

An examination Nov. 25 showed that the trees were in very
good condition. There were a few living scales on every one,
and in a few cases they might be classed as somewhat abundant,
but in no instance were there enough to interfere with the
health of the tree. The general results were very satisfactory.
All of the treated trees were in very thrifty condition and bore
immense numbers of fruit buds.

Experiments at Warwick. About 50 old peachtrees were
sprayed with 20% crude petroleum emulsion on Mar. 25, which
was a bright, sunshiny day, though in the afternoon there
was some wind. The trees in this old orchard are from
three to five or seven years of age, some of them being 15
feet high. Two rows of small, three year old peachtrees,
about 60 in number, on a hill, were also sprayed on the
same day for the special purpose of ascertaining the effect
of the insecticide on the fruit buds. The wind blew some, and
practically all of the trees were well covered with the insecticide.
Samples of the emulsion were taken at the beginning, middle
and end of the spraying in the old orchard and gave respectively
214, 36% and 32¢ of oil. This variation must have been due to the
taking of the samples from one nozzle and under a lower pres-
sure than that employed in most of the spraying. Another
sample taken in the middle of the spraying of the two rows
of young trees on the hill gave but 14¢ of oil.

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 ILS3%/

An examination July 8 showed that the trees near the northern
end of the old orchard have very little or no scale, except in one
instance. In this case the tree was very badly infested, the
bark was quite rough, and the living young were very abundant.
Quite a number of the treated trees bore considerable fruit.
The trees in the young orchard showed very little or no injury
except in a very few cases where possibly an excessive amount of
oil was applied. A very few living scales were found on some of
the trees and none on many.

An examination Nov. 24 did not give satisfactory results in
the old orchard, since some of the trees were comparatively
free from living insects, while others were rather abundantly
infested. The latter, however, were trees with very rough bark,
which probably-had considerable to do with the insects escaping
destruction. The condition of the trees in the young orchard
on the hill was much more satisfactory, and there were very few
scale insects to be found on those sprayed with the oil. The
trees did not show the slightest injury, except in one or two in-
stances, and this may have been due to other causes, since they
had made an excellent growth during the summer and had de-
veloped numerous fruit buds.

Summer spraying. The application of even a mechanical crude
petroleum emulsion to trees in full foliage has not been recom-
mended in the past, and the writer does not feel justified in doing
so at present, in spite of the fact that his attention was called last
summer to a very badly infested peach orchard in the southern
part of the State, which had been sprayed while in full leaf with
20¢ and 25% mechanical crude petroleum emulsion. The applica-
tions were made at this time because it had just been discovered
that the orchard in question was very badly infested with the
San José scale, and it was felt that even heroic measures should
be resorted to in order to check the pest. The spraying was done
July 7, and the following day many of the trees were literally
dripping with the oil, and the same was true of the weeds under-
neath, though we failed to note any injury. This work was done
on the recommendation of Mr P. L. Huested, San José scale
inspector of the State Department of Agriculture, and this gen-
tleman reports that, so far as he has been able to discover, the
trees have not suffered from this treatment, except that con-

138 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

siderable foliage dropped from parts where it was thickest and
evaporation presumably much slower. This was particularly
true where the 25% emulsion was freely used.

Good’s whale oil soap no. 3. About 35 peachtrees in the old
peach orchard at Warwick were sprayed with this substance,
using 2 pounds to the gallon. The application was made on
Mar. 24 and 25, and the weather was bright and sunny, and
there was practically no breeze while the spraying was in prog-
ress. No rain fell till Friday afternoon, the 28th, when it com-
menced to drizzle, and it poured during the night.

An examination of these trees July 8 showed that there were
very few living young on those near the northern end of the
orchard. There were perhaps a few more scale insects than
on those treated with the lime, salt and sulfur. mixture. The
setting of the fruit was apparently unaffected by the application.
A number of young trees in the young orchard on the hill,
sprayed by Mr Williams with this substance, using 144 pounds
to the gallon, had a few scales, while many were perfectly free.
The application was hardly as effective as the crude petroleum.
Some unsprayed trees on the eastern side of this small orchard
had from a few to many scales, while there were very few or
nene on most. It should be stated that the San José scale does
not appear to have thriven in the orchards where the experi-
ments were conducted, and consequently the results are not so
decisive as might be wished.

An examination Noy. 24 failed to give anything decisive in
the old orchard, where conditions, so far as experimental work
was concerned, were far from satisfactory. The trees, generally
speaking, were in better shape than those sprayed with the crude
petroleum, and in nearly as good condition as those treated with
lime, salt and sulfur. The most marked results were observed
in the young orchard on the hill, where a large number of the
trees, as previously stated, were sprayed last spring with 114
pounds of soap per gallon. These trees were not, generally
speaking, as free from the scale as the young trees which had
been sprayed with the mechanical crude petroleum emulsion,
but none of them were seriously infested, and a great many were
comparatively free from living insects. There was a striking
difference to be observed between these and others which were

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 139

not treated. The latter were in some cases very badly infested,
having entire limbs nearly incrusted with thrifty scale insects.

Lime, salt and sulfur mixture. This compound was applied to
about 50 trees in the eastern end of our experimental orchard;
and the results obtained from this test differ somewhat from
those in other parts of the State under somewhat different
conditions. The following formula was used: 10 pounds of lime
and 20 pounds of sulfur were thoroughly boiled in 20 gallons of
water for one and one half hours, or till the sulfur was dissolved,
which was indicated by the solution assuming an amber color.
This mixture was stirred frequently during the boiling, and
then 30 pounds of lime, which had previously been thoroughly
slaked by pouring hot water over it, and in which 15 pounds of
salt had been dissolved by stirring, was added to the boiling
lime and sulfur mixture. The whole of this mixture was cooked
half an hour, being thoroughly stirred from time to time, and
then enough water was added to make 60 gallons. The mixture
was thoroughly strained through gunny sacks and sprayed as
soon as possible, so as to apply it when hot. The mixture used
in the experiments under consideration was boiled very thor-
oughly, and there can be no question as to its having been
properly prepared.

Trees 4-14, 29-38, 49-59, 75-78 and 92-100 were treated with
this preparation, as well as 20 to 25 large plumtrees in an old
orchard just north of the experimental plot. The work was
completed about 5 o’clock in the afternoon, and no rain was
observed to fall till about 10 o’clock of the following day. There
was however very little drying of the spray, since the atmos-
phere was humid most of the time. The exact record of precipi-
tation is given above under the 20¢ mechanical emulsion, p. 152.

An examination of these trees Ap. 11 showed that, while they
were apparently well covered with the mixture, in reality the
rain had washed the finer portions against the rougher projec-
tions on the bark and had also caused it to gather in masses on
the smooth bark of the limbs. It is very probable that much
of the more soluble material had been carried away, or deposited
in spots here and there on the tree, much to the detriment of
the application.

140 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

An examination of the treated trees May. 6 showed that the
signs so visible on the previous inspection had: nearly disap-
peared. The only indication. of the presence of the insecticide
was a somewhat bluish. color, except in the case of one or two
trees, where the lime, salt and sulfur solution appeared to have
lodged in.masses and gave the trunk a somewhat speckled
condition. Tree 4 produced a large number of flowers [pl..4], and
95 had a very fair bloom.

An examination of a few trees June 20 showed that there
were many living young on the underside of the limbs of tree
14. There were some living scales to be found in some positions
on tree 18, and living females were abundant on. the: underside of
the limbs of tree 12.

A detailed examination of the trees was made July 5 with
the following results. There were few.or no young on trees 4,
5,.6,-8, 31, 50,55, 56,57, .58,. 76,96, 97, 98,99). thereywere' few.
young on trees 10, 13, 32, 38,.49, 51,.59, 92; young were rather
few on trees 29, 30, 52, 77 and 100; they were rather abundant
on trees 7, 11, 14, 53, 78, 95; and they were very abundant on
tree 12.

Examination of these trees Nov. 6 by my assistant, Mr Walker,
led him to rate them as follows. He found live females and
young on trees 4 and 5 and dead young on number 6; numbers
7-14 inclusive were in very bad condition; the same was true of
29-33 and of 49-53, 55-59, 76-78 and 95-98. The status of tree 54
was doubtful, and 93 and 94 had been removed. No living scale
was found on tree 92.

This is quite different, from the other end of the orchard,
and it was so marked that it was comparatively easy to
distinguish between those treated with the lime, salt and
sulfur and those with crude petroleum, simply by the number
of scale, insects on them. It should be pointed out however
that this test was an unusually severe one; and, while these facts
tend to throw considerable doubt on the value of this material,
they do not condemn it. It is possible that the lime, salt and
sulfur mixture will prove to be one of our most valuable methods
of controlling this scale insect, since Mr L. L. Morrell, of Kinder-
hook, who used the material under the writer’s directions,
obtained most satisfactory results, and reports from others have

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 141

been equally good. It will require more than one season’s work
to determine the exact status of this material in New York
State, and at present we can only advise its use in a provisional
manner.

Experiments at Highland. A number of young plumtrees, 13
Abundance and 13 Burbank, were sprayed Ap. 1 with the lime, salt
and sulfur mixture prepared according to the formula given above.
Some trouble occurred in this case, because the boiler was small
and would not hold 10 gallons at once. It was therefore impossible
to add all the lime and salt and boil for half an hour. The matter
was further complicated by the boiler leaking after a part of the
lime and salt had been added and boiled perhaps for 25 minutes.
The whole had to be removed, placed in a barrel, the additional
lime and salt added, and then to that was added considerable hot
water, and the mixture covered and allowed to remain undis-
turbed perhaps an hour in the hope that the heat would com-
plete the chemical action. The trees sprayed with this mixture
were completely dry. The day was sunny and rather cool with
considerable wind. All of the trees were sparsely infested with
San José scale. No rain fell till the 6th, when there was a pre-
cipitation of % inch, and from then to the 11th an additional
134 inches fell. The weather was such that no spraying had
been possibie since the first treatment.

An examination of the sprayed trees July 7 showed that there
were very few living young, and that the mixture was apparent
on the trees only as slightly white particles, which rendered the
detection of the white, young scale insects very difficult. The
application has undoubtedly killed a large proportion of the
insects. Some other trees sprayed with lime, salt and sulfur,
said to have been prepared according to the same formula but
boiled only about half as long, were examined. The insecticide
was much more apparent on the latter, and possibly it was more
effective. In neither case did the mixture injure the fruit buds.

An examination Nov. 25 showed that the experimental trees
were in excellent condition and, if anything, perhaps a little
treer from the scale than those treated under similar conditions
with the 20% mechanical petroleum emulsion. The trees above
the experimental row were also sprayed later with lime, salt and
sulfur mixture, which was boiled for a relatively short time, and
considerable of the mixture was still to be seen on the northeast

142 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

side of the trunks and also on the underside of the larger
branches. The condition of these trees was nearly as satisfactory
as those of the experimental row sprayed by the writer. |

A large number of trees below the experimental rows were also
sprayed later with the lime, salt and sulfur mixture, which had
been boiled till the amber color was very apparent, and the appli-
cation was fully as thorough, according to the statement of the
owner. <A considerably larger number of living scale insects
occurred on these lower rows, which may possibly be due to the
fact that these trees were somewhat more infested in the spring ;
though this hardly seems an adequate explanation for the
difference.

The extended breeding period of the San José scale was strik-
ingly illustrated by finding a few living young and a great many
in the white stage at the late date of Nov. 25. All the treated
trees were then in a very thrifty condition and bore immense
numbers of fruit buds.

Experiments at Warwick. The same mixture was applied Mar.
24 and 25 to some old peachtrees in the town of Warwick, Orange
co. The mixture was prepared according to directions given
above, and, owing to its not being very thick on some trees, a
number were resprayed the second day. The applications in both
instances were made on bright, rather sunshiny days, though there
was some wind in the afternoon. Rain commenced to fall in a
slight drizzle Friday afternoon, the 28th, and during the night it
rained very hard. An examination the following morning showed
that very little of the mixture had been washed off.

An examination of these trees July 8 showed little that was
decisive. A few scales were living, and the same was true of
untreated trees, and therefore no definite conclusions could be
drawn. Fruit buds appeared not to have been affected by the
application, and the trees did not seem to be harmed in the
slightest.

An examination Noy. 24 failed to give anything decisive with
this material. The trees sprayed with this substance were in as
good condition as those treated with the crude petroleum or the
whale oil soap solution, but the difference was not marked enough
to warrant the drawing of any conclusions unless it be that the

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 143

lime, salt and sulfur proved fully as effective as the other insec-
ticides under these unsatisfactory conditions.

The results obtained with the lime, salt and sulfur mixture
seem to indicate that, in order to be effective, the wash must not
be exposed to drenching rains within three or four days after ap-
plication. The exceedingly poor results following the application
in the vicinity of Albany apparently show that this material is
nearly worthless if the application be followed immediately by
considerable rain. This instance certainly raises a strong doubt
as to the value of this material when applied under such con-
ditions. Should subsequent experiments prove this to be true, it
will nearly disqualify this wash for use in our eastern climate,
since such periods of immunity from rain can not be depended on
in early spring, and the same is true to a lesser extent in the
fall and during the winter.

Summary

Our experience during the past three years and that of many
others with spring applications of crude petroleum emulsion has
been so uniformly satisfactory that we are at loss to account for
the poor results obtained by cthers. The many injuries to fruit
trees and the dangerous nature of the material emphasize the
necessity of caution and the grower, who would use crude
petroleum is therefore advised to experiment on a small scale at
first. The fall treatment came so near injuring the trees that
we can not advise it. The application of this material in suc-
cessive years has not caused the injury we feared but on the
contrary the trees have grown rapidly and gained in vigor.

The whale oil soap is a valuable insecticide, particularly when
applied in the fall though in doing this there is danger of in-
juring peach buds. A spring application, using only 114 lb to the
gallon, if thorough, is a very effective check.

Our experience with lime, salt and sulfur has not been entirely
satisfactory put the many excellent reports from other experi-
menters lead us to believe that possibly our results may have been
exceptional and that this mixture may prove a most excellent ma-
terial for controlling this scale insect, a point which can be
determined only by further experimentation. Itis, however, very
disagreeable to handle, being hard on operator and apparatus.

144 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

VOLUNTARY ENTOMOLOGIC. SERVICE OF NEW YORK
STATE

The work of the jiast three years has been continued, and a
number of observations have been added to previous records. The
exceedingly unfavorabie season, as noted on the preceding page,
has interfered with the reception of the usual number of reports.
Thirty voluntary observers were appointed during the season,
and but 19 of them rendered reports. This is largely due to the
general scarcity of injurious insects, which led a number of
observers to conclude that there was comparatively little worthy
of record. It will be noted that the following reports contain a
considerable number of negative statements. These are of value
as emphasizing observations on the marked scarcity of different
species. The almost universal comments on cold, unseasonable
weather seem to warrant the conclusion that the relative absence
of insect life was due to adverse climatic conditions.

Summaries of reports from voluntary observers

The scientific names, or other matter, inserted in brackets in-
dicate determinations or information supplied by the entomol-
ogist, and the other names are presumably correct except where
questioned. The date given after the record is that of the writing
of the record, except in a few instances where this was absent,
and the date of reception was inserted. The latter is from one
to two days later than that of the original record.

Cattaraugus county (C. E. Eldredge, Leon)— Appletree tent
caterpillars [Clisiocampa americana Fabr.] appeared
May 23, and the appletree bark louse [Mytilaspis pomorum
Bouché] is quite abundant on some trees. A few years ago
bumblebees were very abundant in this section, but now we
seldom see them. May 28. Colorado potato beetles [Dory-
phora 10-lineata Say] appeared May 31. The looper cater-
pillar has been very abundant on beech and mapletrees. A few
specimens of the cottony mapletree scale insect [Pulvinaria
innumerabilis Rathv.] have appeared on maples, and
another scale (Lecanium ? quercitronis) was found on
ironwood leaves that had withered on the branch. A specimen
of the larva of Notolophus ? antiqua Linn. was found on

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 145

an appletree. _Cankerworms have also appeared. June 11. The
cottony mapletree scale insect has increased largely in numbers
in the last few weeks. Colorado potato beétles are doing very
little damage this summer. This is probably due to the excessive
wet weather, which has also prevented grasshopper eggs from
‘hatching. Only three or four nests of the appfetree tent cater-
pillar have been met with. Flies are quite numerous on cattle
[probably the horn fly ? Haematobia serrata Robs. Desv.],
and the wet weather does rot seem to affect then much. The
codling moth [Carpocapsa pomonella Linn.] has dam-
aged the appie crop to quite an extent. July 22. Fall webworms
[Hyphantria textor Harris] appeared on our apple and
forest trees the last week of July. Grasshoppers are quite abun-
dant in some sections, and squash bugs are not as numerous as
last year. The excessive wet weather has prevented serious in-
juries by grasshoppers, though they have worked on heads of
grain to a considerable extent. Aug. 12.

Chemung county (M. H. Beckwith, Elmira)— The currant saw-
fly [Pteronus ribesii Scop.] appeared on gooseberries May
2, though not in such large numbers as usual. Appletree tent-
caterpillars [Clisiocampa americana Fabr.] are very
abundant again this season. Colorado potato beetles [Dory-
phora 10-line ata Say] are not found in any numbers at the
present date. The excessively cold weather appears to be holding
insects in check to a great extent. May 28. The second brood
of the currant sawfly has appeared on the leaves, though it is not
usually found till the fruit is nearly ripe. Cutworms are very
abundant in tobacco fields and are necessitating a large amount
of resetting of plants where they have been destroyed. June 16.
Potato beetles are not so abundant as last year, and the larvae
or grubs appear to have been held in check by the unusually cold,
wet weather. The same appears to have been true of most of our
destructive insects, though grasshoppers are quite numerous in
meadows and pastures. July 17.

Dutchess county (H. D. Lewis, Annandale)— Injurious insects
have been unusually scarce up to date. Colorado potato beetles
[Doryphora 10-lineata Say] are present in sinall numbers,
and no elm leaf beetles [Galerucella luteola Miill.] have

146 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

been observed where in former years trees were defoliated by
them. Though the forest tent caterpillars [Clisiocampa
disstria Hiibn.] have been numerous, they have not been so
abundant as last year, and they are now in the pupa or cocoon
stage. Some maples have been badly defoliated by this pest.
June 20. Aside from the forest tent caterpillar, we have been
remarkably free from insect pests. These caterpillars have in-
flicted considerable damage on hard maples, our principal
shade trees. June 23. A few elm leaf beetles have made their
appearance, though but little damage has been caused. The ex-
tremely wet weather has kept insects pretty well in check. Potato
beetles have been scarce and easily controlled. July 18.

Erie county (J. U. Metz, Swormyille)—— Asparagus beetles
[Crioceris asparagi Linn.] have been exceedingly num-
erous this spring and much more abundant than in former years.
No currant worms [Pteronus ribesii Scop.] have appeared
so far and few potato beetles. A very little Hessian fly
[Cecidomyia destructor Say] has been observed in a
neighboring wheat field. May 28. Hessian fly has been found
only in very small numbers; probably less than 1% of wheat is
infested. There appears to be no more of this pest on no. 6 wheat
than on more resistant varieties. The bud moth {[Tmetocera
ocellana Schiff.] is scarce, and no indications of the palmer
worm [Ypsolophus pometellus Harr.] have been ob-
served. Nota single nest of the appletree tent caterpillar [Clisi-
ocampa americana Fabr.] has been found. June 20.

Genesee county (J. F. Rose, South Byron)— The first asparagus
beetle [Crioceris asparagi Linn.] was observed May 25,
and the currant sawfly [Pteronus ribesii Scop.] had
lopped young currant shoots by May 23. There is a little com-
plaint of potato beetles [Doryphora 10-lineata Say] work-
ing on tomatoes. No injury by Hessian fly [Cecidomyia
destructor Say] has been reported, and appletree tent cater-
pillars [Clisiocampa americana Fabr.] do not appear
to be as abundant as last year. Currant worms are rarer. May
26. Appletree tent caterpillars are certainly much less numerous
than last year. There are not nearly so many to be seen along the
roadsides, and their scarcity in these places is attributed to the

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 147

mice girdling most of the wild cherries the previous winter. The
young caterpillars, therefore, had nothing to feed on and died.
May beetles [Lachnosterna_ species] are very numerous
in the soil. June 2. Potato beetles are very abundant on early
potatoes. But little damage has as yet been reported from the
Hessian fly. There does not appear to be one appletree tent cater-
pillar this year where there were a hundred last year. The
weather has been very cool and dry. The bud moth [Tmetocera
ocellana Schiff.] has been very abundant and is apparently
becoming more numerous each year. It is one of our worst fruit
pests. June 10. Striped cucumber beetles [Diabrotica
vittata Fabr.] were first observed June 14. There are yet no
reports of injuries by the Hessian fly, and not a tree has been seen
that was troubled by the forest tent caterpillar [Clisiocampa
disstria Hiibn.], even where the pest was abundant last year.
June 16. The black squash bug, or stink bug [Anasa tristis
DeGeer], appeared June 21. They are few as compared with
the striped cucumber beetle. The very wet, cold weather appears
to have delayed the appearance of many insect pests, including
the Hessian fly. Even the white wheat, no. 6, that was so badly
injured last year, is comparatively free from damage the present
season. June 25. The first nests of the fall webworm
[Hyphantria textor Harris] were observed July 22, and
the spotted grapevine beetle [Pelidnota punctata Linn.]
and the squash vine borer [Melittia satyriniformis
Hiibn.] had also appeared by that time. The striped cu-
cumber beetle and the squash bug are much less abundant
than last year. The green cabbage worms [Pieris rapae
Linn.] are becoming quite numerous. Mosquitos were very scarce
in this vicinity till last week. The Colorado potato beetle
[Doryphora 10-lineata Say] has been as bad, if not worse,
than ever before in some sections. Many growers have been
obliged to resort to power sprayers in order to control the pest.
July 28. The fall webworm is by far the most abundant I have
ever seen it. A hairy caterpillar [Datana integerrima
Gr. & Rob.] has defoliated some of the butternut and black walnut
trees in this section. The squash bug is much less abundant than
it has been for a number of years. Sep. 1.

148 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Greene county (O. Q. Flint, Athens)— The forest tent cater-
pillar [Clisiocampa disstria Hiibn.] appears to be carry-
ing its destructive work eastward, leaving infested territory after
two to four years’ depredations. June 25.

Herkimer county (George S. Graves, Newport)—— The currant
sawfly [Ptero nus ribesii Scop.] was observed on bushes
May 23 and had evidently been feeding for about a week. Pistol
case-bearers [Coleophora malivorella Riley] are abun-
dant in some orchards, while the appletree tent caterpillar
[Glisiocampa americana Fabr.] is relatively scarce as
yet. The currant aphis [Myzus ribis Linn.] is not. very
plentiful, though it appeared shortly after the currant leaves.
Bumblebees are very abundant this season. May 29. The Col-
orado potato beetle [Doryphora 10-lineata Say] appeared
May 31, and farmers report it as being unusually abundant.
Plantain leaves have been eaten by the same insect [probably
Dibolia borealis Chey.], as for the last three years.
The striped cucumber beetle [Diabrotica vittata Fabr.]
was recently found on potato vines in my garden, and a neighbor
reports a large number of them on his potatoes. The larvae of the
elm flea beetle [Disonycha triangularis Say] appears
to be quite injurious to elms throughout this section, and signs of
their work were observed in the city of Utica. Grasshoppers are
not very abundant as yet. June 12. The spiny elm caterpillar
[Huvanessa antiopa Linn.] has been feeding on alders to
a considerable extent. The eggs of the praying mantis [Mantis
religiosa Linn.]| appear to be hatching. June 22. The first
grubs of the Colorado potato beetle were observed June 23. The
forest tent caterpillar [Clisiocampa disstria Hibn.]
is extremely rare, but one larva. having been observed this year,
though it is reported as being very abundant at Gravesville, 7
miles north. Grasshoppers are not numerous. The cold weather
seems to have checked the development of many insects. The
spiny elm caterpillars are devouring the foliage .of wayside
bushes. June 27. Rose beetles [Macrodactylus subs pi-
nosuSs Fabr.] have been and are still very destructive, to plants
in the local cemetery. Besides depredating on hydrangeas and
rosebushes, they have nearly defoliated a large Virginia creeper
and are now working on the lower leaves of a large elm tree.

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 149

They have also attacked geraniums in the cemetery and later
cherry and plum trees to some extent. The foliage of one rasp-
berry bush has been nearly destroyed by these pests. July 4.
Rose beetles have been exceedingly destructive in this section
and seem to attack almost everything in the vegetable line this
season. The black headed cabbage worm [Evergestis
stramenalis Hiibn.] is causing much damage to turnips.
Currant worms have again made their appearance and seem to
be a fourth brood. Horn flies [Haematobia serrata
Rob.-Desy.] are not so abundant as usual. Grasshoppers are eat-
ing potato vines seriously, while the Colorado potato beetle is
somewhat scarce. July 21. Spittle insects were noticed on a
small butternut tree in the woods July 17. Horn flies have been
plentiful for about a week, and the large horseflies, usually so
common during haying time, are just appearing, Aug. 1. The
first nest of the fall webworm [Hyphantriatextor Harris]
was noticed on cherry Aug. 1. Rose beetles, though they have
been very destructive to nearly every plant, have not eaten the
small plants as they did last year. Caterpillars of the cabbage
butterfly [Pieris rapae Linn.] have begun their depredations.
Rainy weather continues 'to keep many destructive insects in check.
Aug. 2.» Caterpillars of the cabbage butterfly are more abundant
than I have ever known them, while the adult insects are corres-
pondinely searce, having been seldom seen about the garden.
Aug. 18. Cabbage butterfiies were very numerous Aug. 21, and
currant worms were noticed within a week on currant bushes.
Sep. 16.

Livingston county (W. R. Houston, Geneseo)— Four lined leaf
bugs [Poecilocapsus lineatus Fabr.] are now working
on currants. This week has been very cold, and the temperature
is between 36° and 40°, ‘with: snow’ flurries. May 28. Market
gardeners in this: vicinity are complaining of injuries by the eab-
bage root maggot [Phorbia brassicae Bouché], and they
are afraid that.the crop will be a short one. There was a heavy
white frost.on the 9th. Colorado potato beetles [Doryphora
10-lineata Say] are few, and so far no eggs have hatched.
June 12.

Ontario county (J. J. Barden, Stanley)— Cutworms are very
abundant and are doing a great deal of damage in newly set

150 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

cabbage fields. One farmer reports a loss of 6000 plants on three
acres. The complaint is very general in this section. June 20. A
webworm [? Tetralopha] is very abundant on maple, elm and
other forest trees in the vicinity of Dansville, though not so
numerous as last year. Sep. 20.

Orange county (J. M. Dolph, Port Jervis)-— Very few injurious
insects have appeared this year. Even plant lice are relatively
scarce; and the appletree tent caterpillar [Clisiocampa
americana Fabr.] has almost entirely disappeared. There
has been comparative freedom from insect pests this year, which
may possibly be attributed to the cold, wet weather. The aver-
age temperature in this section for July and August 1901 was
74.2° while the average for the same months this year was 69.2°,
a decrease during the past season of 5°. Sep. 3.

Queens county (C. L. Allen, Floral Park)— Colorado potato
bectles [Doryphora 10-lineata Say] have been conspicu-
ous by their absence, and not one farmer in ten has had occasion
to use paris green for the purpose of controlling them. Not a
cabbage worm [Pieris rapae Linn.] has been seen. The
heavy rains of April killed all the butterflies, and now we see
only one or two. The season has been marked by an almost
entire absence of the more common insect pests. Oct. 3.

Rensselaer county (W. ©. Hitchcock, Pittstown)— The apple-
tree tent caterpillars [Clisiocampa americana Fabr.]
are abundant and very destructive, since the foliage is backward
and their ravages are more apparent. They do not seem to have
been injured in the slightest by the late frost. Plum curculio
[Conotrachelus nenuphar Herbst.] pupae are unusually
abundant in the soil about the trees. May 23. Asparagus beetles
[Crioceris asparagi Linn.] are abundant. Apples are
nearly all dropping on account of the worms. [Probably the
codling moth larva, Carpocapsa pomonella_ Linn.]
Aug. 18. One mantis [Mantis religiosa Linn.] was found
nearly grown on Sep. 28, and a neighbor who saw it stated that
she had observed several of them. Sep. 30.

Rockland county (S. B. Huested, Blauvelt)— The corn worm
[Chelymorpha argus Licht.] appears to be doing consider-
able damage. The fall webworm [Hyphantria textor
Harris] is quite plentiful in this section. Colorado potato beetles

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 151

[Doryphora 10-lineata Say] have not been so abundant
as in former years, which is probably due to the cooler season.
Plum curculios [Conotrachelus nenuphar Herbst.] are
plenty, but not so prevalent as during some seasons. July 12.

Schoharie county (John F. Johnson, Breakabeen)— Currant
worms [Pteronus ribesii Scop.] appeared May 20 and are
quite abundant and destructive. The grubs of the May or June
beetle are also numerous and somewhat injurious. No forest
tent caterpillars [Clisiocampa disstria Hiibn.] have
been observed this season, and those belonging to the appletree
species [Clisiocampa americana Fabr.] are spinning
their cocoons. May. 80. Colorado potato beetles [Doryphora
10-lineata Say] appeared about June 1 and are quite abun-
dant. A very few forest tent caterpillars were observed and
they are now spinning their cocoons. June 15.

Suffolk county (Alexander Mair, Oakdale)— There are very
few Colorado potato beetles [Doryphora 10-lineata Say]
in Suffolk county this year. Locusts [? Cicada septen-
decim Linn.] are abundant, but appear to be doing no special
injury. The San José scale [Aspidiotus perniciosus
Comst.] is very bad in this section, and comparatively little is
being done toward its control. There are too many remedies and
faith in none. June 23.

Tompkins county (C. E. Chapman, Peruville)— Forest tent
eaterpilars[Clisiocampa disstria Hiibn.] have damaged
a few maple and apple trees. The striped cucumber beetle
[Diabrotica vittata Fabr.] is present in marked numbers,
and the Colorado potato beetles [Doryphora 10-lineata
Say] are scarce for this time of year. Flea beetles [? Epitrix
cucumeris Harris] are very abundant, completely riddling
potatoes, red raspberries and other foliage. June 30. Cabbage
worms [Pieris rapae Linn.] are abundant and easily killed
with paris green and water. Potato beetles are not numerous,
though white grubs are plenty in potato fields and newly set
strawberry beds. There is an abundance of young grasshoppers.
July 30.

Ulster county (George S. Clark, Milton)—-Some plant lice
[? Myzus cerasi Fabr.] have appeared on cherrytrees and the
appletree tent caterpillar [Clisiocampa americana Fabr.]

152 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

has done considerable damage in this section. There are hundreds
of its nests in defoliated wild cherry and appletrees. May 30.
The grape leaf curler [probably the grapevine plume moth,
Oxyptilus periscelidactylus Fitch] appeared May
25. Appletree tent caterpillars are very abundant and are mak-
ing their cocoons in large numbers. There are very few leaf
hoppers [? Ty phlocyba] on grapes. Plant lice are increasing
in numbers, and thrips are abundant on rosebushes. June 15.
Comparatively few insects are causing injury at the present time.
The black flea beetle [E pitrix cucumeris Harris] is doing
considerable damage to tomato and potato vines. June 13.
Nests of the fall webworm [Hyphantria textor Harris]
have begun to appear, and there are a few plant lice on cherry-
trees. July 3. The second brood of currant worms [Pteronus
ribesii Scop.] has appeared on some unsprayed bushes. Fall
webworms are increasing in numbers, and they can be seen in
many trees. Colorado potato beetles [Doryphora 10-lin-
eata Say] are causing some injury, though they are not very
numerous. July 10. Leaf hoppers are very scarce on grapevines
and rosebushes. The continuous wet, cold weather appears to
have kept them in check. Only a few fall webworms are to be
seen at the present time. July 8i. Fall webworms are still
present but not nearly so abundant as last year, there being not
over one nest to 25 of last season. There are some cabbage
worms [Pieris rapae Linn.], but, as cabhage is little grown
in this section, not much damage has been done. Aug. 27.

Warren county (C. L. Williams, Glens Falls)— Strawberry
sawflies [Monostegia ignota Nort.] are feeding to some
extent on strawberry plants. June 5. There are no insects in
this region causing special trouble. July 29.

Wyoming county (W. H. Roeper, Wyoming)— Cankerworms
made their appearance May 22 and have caused very little damage
as yet. Appletree tent caterpillars [Clisiocampa ameri-
cana Fabr.] are scarce, and very few of the forest species
[Clisiocampa disstria Htibn.] have been found. May 26.
The weather has been cold and wet since Saturday, and there
was a white frost Sunday night. This unseasonable weather
appears to have kept insects pretty well in. check, and there is
comparatively little to report. June 10.

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 153

FAUNAL STUDIES

A detailed study of the distribution of insects in New York
State, or, for that matter, in any section where there is some
variety in climate and physical characteristics, is bound to result
in some interesting discoveries regarding the factors limiting the
presence of various species. This is a matter of considerable
importance, since it has a practical application in enabling us
to deterniine in a measure the limits beyond which some of our
very destructive, introduced species can not spread. The collec-
tion of my assistant, Mr Young, listed below, has been made in
an exceptionally rich locality, where there is more or less ming-
ling of boreal and austral forms. Over 700 species are represented
in the list, to which we expect large additions will be made in
the future. It is published at this time, not only to make the
data available, but also in the hopes that other entomologists
in that locality may be encouraged to continue the work.

LIST OF COLEOPTERA TAKEN AT NEWPORT, HERKIMER CO.N.Y.
BY D. B. YOUNG

We have had lists from the western and southeastern parts of
the State of New York and the Adirondacks, but none so far,
to our knowledge, from the central portion of the State. The
object of this list is threefold: partially to fill the gap, to call
the attention of collectors and others to a much neglected field,
and to show the result of five years’ continuous collecting in a
single restricted locality, restricted in that this section is almost
destitute of pine, spruce, balsam and oak. Therefore, it will be
noticed that many of the forms found about these trees, only a
day’s drive to tle north, are absent from this list.

Our thanks are due to Mr Charles Liebeck of Philadelphia Pa.
for his kindness in determining quite a large number of the
beetles.

154 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Cicindela 6-guttata Fabr.
C. purpurea Oliv.

C. vulgaris Say

C. repanda De).
Omophron tesselatum Say
Cychrus brevoorti Lec.

C. lecontei De].

Carabus maeander Fisch.
C. limbatus Say
Calosoma scrutator Fabr.
C. frigidum Kirby

C. calidum Fabr.
Elaphrus ruscarius Say
Dyschirius sp.

Clivina impressifrons Lec.

Schizogenius amphibius Hald.

Bembidium inaequale Say
B. nigrum Say
.ustulatum Linn.

. picipes Kirby

. variegatum Say

. intermedium Kirby

. versicolor Lec.

. quadrimaculatum Linn.
Tachys laevus Say

T. nanus Gy/ll.

T. flavicauda Say

T. tripunctatus Say ;
Patrobus longicornis Say
Pterostichus adoxus Say
P. rostratus Newm.

P. honestus Say

P. lucublandus Sav
Amara fallax Lec.

A interstitialis De7.

A. obesa Say

Dicaelus elongatus Bon.
Calathus gregarius Say
Platynus hypolithus Say
. angustatus Dej.

. sinuatus Dej.

. melanarius De. \

. cupripennis Say

. placidus Say

. ruficornis Lec.

. picipennis Kirby
Galerita janus Fabr.
Lebia grandis Hentz.

L. ornata Say

Win od i

lao} tneletne} qo} tae}lge) Lao)

COLEOPTERA.
| Lebia fuscata De7.

L. scapularis Dej.
Apristus cordicollis Leo.
Cymindis pilosa Say
Brachynus fumans Fabr.
B. cordicollis Dej.
Chlaenius sericeus Forst.
C. tricolor Dej.

C. pennsylvanicus Say
Brachylobus lithophilus Say
Geopinus incrassatus De)
Agonoderus pallipes Fabr.

_ A. partiarius Say

A. pauperculus De7.

A. testaceus De}.

Harpalus viridiaeneus Beauv.
H. caliginosus Fabr.

H. pennsylvanicus De G.

(ek var. erythropus De}.
| H. herbivagus Say

Bradycellus rupestris Say
Anisodactylus nigerrimus Dej
A. verticalis Lec.

Haliplus ruficollis De G.
Cnemidotus 12-punctatus Say
C. edentulus Lec.

| Laecophilus maculosus Germ.

Bidessus affinis Say
Coelambus punctatus Say
Hydroporus modestus Aubé
Ilybius biguttalus Germ.
Copelatus glyphicus Say
Agabus obtusatus Say
Rhantus binotatus Harris
Colymbetes sculptilis Harris

| Dytiscus fasciventris Say

D. verticalis Say

Acilius semisuleatus Aubé

A. fraternus Harris

Gyrinus ventralis Kirby
Dineutes assimilis Aubé
Helophorus lineatus Say
Hydrochus excavatus Lec.
H. subcupreus Rand.
Hydrophilus triangularis Say

’H. nimbatus Say

H. glaber Herbst
Hydrocharis obtusatus Say
Berosus striatus Say

REPORT OF THE STATE

Laccobius agilis Rand.
Philhydrus ochraceus Melsh.
Hydrocombus fimbriatus Melsh.
Hydrobius globosus Say

H. fuscipes Linn.

H. digestus Lec.
Sphaeridium scarabaeoides Linn.
Cercyon praetextatum Say
C. unipunctatum Linn.
Cryptopleurum vagans Lec.
Necrophorus orbicollis Say
N. marginatus Fabr.

N. pustulatus Hersch.

N. vespilloides Herbst

N. tomentosus Web.

Silpha surinamensis Fabr.

S. lapponica Herbst

S. inaequalis Fabr.

S. noveboracensis Forst.

S. americana Linn.

Choleva luridipennis Mann.
C. simplex Say

C. clavicornis Lec.

C. terminans Lec.
Prionochaeta opaca Say
Anisotoma collaris Lec.
Colenis impunctata Lec.
Liodes globosa Lec.

L. basalis Lec.

Agathidium oniscoides Beauv.
A. politum Lec.
Tmesiphorus carinatus Say
Tyrus humeralis Aubé
Falagria cingulata Lec.
Aleochara lata Grav.

A. bimaculata Grav.
Gyrophaena affinis Fauv.
Quedius fulgidus Fabr.

Q. capucinus Grav.
Listotrophus cingulatus Grav.
L. capitatus Bland.
Creophilus villosus Grav.
Staphylinus maculosus Grav
S. violaceus Grav.

Ocypus ater Grav.
Philonthus aeneus Rossi

P. lomatus Er.

P. brunneus Grav.

P. cyanipennis Fabr.

P. blandus Grav.

ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 155

Actobius sobrinus Er.

A. paederoides Lec.

A. terminalis Lec.
Xantholinus cephalus Say
Leptolinus rubripennis Lec.

| Stenus bipunctatus Er.
_ §. juno Fabr.

S. stygicus Say
S. parallelus Casey

| §. flavicornis Fr.

S. canadensis Casey
S. punctatus Er.
Cryptobium bicolor Grav.

| C. pallipes Grav.
_ Lathrobium punctulatum Lec.
_ L. bicolor Lec,

L. collare Er.

Paederus littorarius Grav.
Sunius longiusculus Mann.
Tachinus memnonius Grav.
T. addendus Horn

T. flavipennis De).

T. fimbriatus Grav.

T. picipes Er.

T. limbatus Melsh,
Tachyporus maculipennis Lec.
T. jocosus Say

T. chrysomelinus Linn,
Conosoma littoreum Linn.
C. crassum Grav.

C. pubescens Payk.

C. basale Er.

C. scriptum [orn
Boletobius niger Grav.

. cingulatus Mann.

. cincticollis Say

. anticus Horn

. trinotatus Fr,

. cinctus Grav.

. quaesitor ITorn
Mycetoporus americanus Ir.
Oxyporus femoralis Grav.
O. lateralis Grav.

O. 5-maculatus Lec.
Oxytelus sculptus Grav.

O. rugosus Grav.

O. fuscipennis Mann.
Anthobium convexum Fauv.
Glyptoma costale Er,
Siagonium punctatum Lec.

colcom coll vcllveies,

156 NEW YORK

Actidium sp.

Ptenidium sp.

Trichopteryx haldemanni Lec.
Scaphidium quadriguttatum Say
Scaphisoma convexum Say
Olibrus consimilis Marsh
Sacium fasciatum Say
Megilla maculata De G.
Hippodamia glacialis F'abr.

H. convergens Guér.

H. 13-punctata Linn.

H. parenthesis Say

Coccinella trifasciata Linn.

C. 9-notata Herbst

C. transversoguttata Fabr.

C. var. californica Mann.
C. sanguinea Linn.

Adalia bipunctata Linn.
Anatis 15-punctata Oliv.
Psyllobora 20-maculata Say
Chilocorus bivulnerus Muls.
Brachyacantha ursina Fabr.
B. var. 10-pustulata Melsh.
B. 4-punctata Melsh.
Hyperaspis undulata Say

H. signata Oliv.

Seymnus collaris Welsh.

S. tenebrosus Muls.

Rhanis unicolor Zieql.
Phymaphora pulchella Newm.
Aphorista vittata Fabr.
Mycetina perpulchra Newm.
Endomychus biguttatus Say
Languria mozardi Lat.

L. gracilis Newm.

Dacne maculata Say
Megalodacne fasciata Fabr.
M. heros Say

Mycotretus sanguinipennis Say
M. pulchra Say

Tritoma festiva Lec.

T. macra Lec.

T. thoracica Say

Synchita fuliginosa Melsh.
Ditoma quadriguttata Say
Cerylon castaneum Say
Philothermus glabriculus Lec.
Rhyssodes exaratus JI.
Silvanus surinamensis Linn.
S. bidentatus Fabr.

STATE MUSEUM

Silvanus imbellis3Lec.
S. advena Wailltl.
Catogenus rufus Pabr.

| Cucujus clavipes Fabr.
| Laemophlaeus biguttatus Say
| L. fasciatus Melsh.

L. modestus Say

L. convexulus Lec.

L. adustus Lec.

L. testaceus Fabr.
Dendrophagus glaber Lec.
Uliota dubius Fabr.
Atomaria ochracea Zim.
A. ephippiata Zimm.
Ephistemus apicalis Lec.
Mycetophagus punctatus Say
M. flexuosus Say

| M. bipustulatus Melsh.

M. pluripunctatus Lec.
M. obsoletus Welsh.

| Tryphyllus humeralis Kirby

Typhoea fumata Linn.
Byturus unicolor Say
Dermestes caninus Germ.
D. lardarius Linn.

D. vulpinus abr.

_ Attagenus piceus Oliv.

Trogoderma ornatum Say

| T. tarsule Afelsh.

Anthrenus scrophulariae Linn.

A. varius Fabr.
| A. musaeorum Linn.

Hister interruptus Beau.

| TH. americanus Payk.

H. lecontei Mars.

| H. gracilis Lee.

Epierus regularis Beauv.
Saprinus rotundatus Kuq.
S. assimilis Payk.

S. fraternus Say

S. patruelis Lec.
Plegaderus transversus Say
Bacanius punctiformis Le.
Brachypterus urticae Fabr.
Cercus abdominalis Fr.

C. pennatus Murr.
Carpophilus niger Say

C. brachypterus Say
Colastus truneatus Rand.

| Conotelus obscurus Hr.

REPORT OF ‘THe
Epuraea ruta Say

Nitidula bipustulata Linn.

N. rufipes Linn.

Phenolia grossa Fabr.
Omosita colon Linn.

Thalyera concolor Lec.
Perthalycra murrayi Horn
Orthopeplus quadricollis [Torn
Cvchramus adustus Ir.
Cryptarcha ampla Er.

lps quadriguttata Fabr.

I. sanguinolentus Oliv.

L. confluentus Say

I. vittatus Say

Rhizophagus dimidiatus AZann.
R. bipunctatus Say

R. remotus Lec.

Latridius minutus Linn.
Corticaria grossa Lec.
Tenebrioides corticalis Melsh.
T. castanea Melsh.

Peltis pippingskoeldi Mann.
Calitys seabra Thunb.
Grynocharis 4-lineata Melsh.
Thymaius fulgidus Fr.
Bactridium ephippigerum Gwuér,
B. striolatum Reit.

B. cavicolle Horn

Cytilus sericeus Forst.
Heterocerus fatuus Kies,
Ptilodactyla serricollis Say
Ectopria nervosa Melsh.
Prionocyphon discoideus Say
Cyphon obscurus Guér.

C. collaris Guér.

C. variabilis Thunb.

Tharops ruficornis Say
Deltometopus amoenicornis Say
Dromaeolus eylindricollis Say
D. striatus Lec.

Fornax orchesides Newm.
Microrrhagus humeralis Say
M. pectinatus Lec.

Epiphanis cornutus Esch.
Adelocera marmorata Fabr.
A. aurorata Lec.

A. brevicornis Lec.

Alaus oculatus Linn.
Cryptohypnus planatus Lec.
C. abbreviatus Say

STATE

ENTOMOLOGIST 1902

Cryptohypnus bicolor Esch.
C. tumescens Lec.

C. pectoralis Say

C. var. inops Lee.

C. melsheimeri Horn

Elater hepaticus Melsh.

E. pedalis Germ.

EK. nigricollis Herbst

H. linteus Say

E. vitiosus Lec.

E. semicinctus Rand.

K. obliquus Say

Drasterius elegans Fabr.
Agriotes mancus Say

A. fucosus Lec.

Dolopius lateralis Esch,
Melanotus castanipes Payk.
M. fissilis Say

| M. communis Gy/l.
| Limonius plebejus Say
| Campylus denticornis Kirby

Pityobius anguinus Lec,

Athous cucullatus Say
A. rufifrons Rand.

| Sericosomus silaceus Say

Corymbites vernalis Hentz.
C. eylindriformis Herbst
C. spinosus Lec.

C. sulcicollis Say

C. hamatus Say

C. hieroglyphicus Say

C. cruciatus Linn.
Asaphes decoloratus Say
A. memnonius Herbst
Throscus constrictor Say
T. convergens Horn
Dicerca divaricata Say
D. obscura Fabr.

D. var. lurida Fabr.

_ Buprestis maculiventris Say

Melanophila longipes Say
M. fulvoguttata Harris

| Anthaxia viridicornis Say
_ Chrysobothris femorata Fabr.
| Agrilus ruficollis Fabr.

A. otiosus Say
A. bilineatus Web.

_ Agrilus politus Say

Brachys ovata Web.

158

Brachys aerosa Melsh.
Calopteron reticulatum Fabr.
Celetes basalis Lec.

Caenia dimidiata Fabtr.
Lophcros fraternus Rand.
Eros thoracicus Rand.

E. aurora [erbst

E. sculptilis Say

E. crenatus Germ.

Plateros canaliculatus Say
P. lictor Newm.

Polvelasis bifaria Say
Lucidota atra Fabr.

L. punctata Lee.

Ellychnia corrusca Linn.
Pyropvga fenestralis Melsh.
P. decipiens Harris
Pyractomena lucifera Melsh.
Photinus ardens Lec,

P. scintillans Say

Photuris pennsylvanica De G.

Chauliognathus pennsylvanicus De G.

Podabrus tricostatus Say
P. rugulosus’ Lec.

P. basilaris Say

P. comes Lec.

P. punctatus Lec.

P. pattoni Lec.

Telephorus dentiger Lec.
T. excavatus Lec.

T. carolinus Fabr.

T. lineola Fabr.

T. scitulus Say

T. rectus Melsh.

T. pusillus Lee.

T. rotundicollis Say

T. tuberculatus Lec.

T. bilineatus Say
Ditemnus bidentatus Say
Malthodes arcifer Lec.

M. fuliginosus Lec.

Collops 4-maculatus Fabr.
Cymatodera bicolor Say
Clerus quadriguttatus Oliv.
Thaneroclerus sanguineus Say
Hydnocera longicollis Ziegl.
Necrobia violaceus Linn.
Ptinus fur Linn.

P. quadrimaculatus Melsh.
Trypopitys sericeus Say

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Ptilinus ruficornis Say
Endecatomus rugosus Rand.
Cupes concolor Westw.

C. eapitata Fabr.

Cis fuscipes Mellié

Ennearthron thoracicornis Zieg!.
Ceracis sallei Melhié

Dorcus parallelus Say

_ Platycerus quercus Wel,

Ceruchus piceus Web.

_ Passalus cornutus Fabr.
_ Copris anaglypticus Say

Onthophagus hecate Punz
Aegialia rufa Lec.
Ataenius gracilis Melsh.
A. cognatus Lec.

Dialytes striatulus’ Say
Aphodius fossor Linn.

A. fimetarius Linn.

_ A. granarius Linn.
_ A. inquinatus Herbst
| A. stercorosus Melsh.

A. prodromus Brahm.
A. walshii Horn
Bolboceras lazarus Fabr.

| Odontaeus cornigerus Melsh
_ Geotrupes splendidus Fabr.
_ G. egeriei Germ.

G. balyi Jek.
Trox suberosus Fabr.
T. tuberculatus De G.

| T. seaber Linn.

_ Dichelonycha elongata Fabr
__D. testacea Kirby

_ Serica vespertina Gyll.

|S. sericea III.

Macrodactylus subspinosus Fabr.
Lachnosterna fusca Frohl,
Pelidnota punctata Linn.
Euphoria inda Linn.

| Cremastochilus canaliculatus Kirby
| Osmoderma eremicola Knoch.

.

O. seabra Beawy.

Trichius affinis Gory

T. viridulus Fabr.

Parandra brunnea Fabr.
Orthosoma brunneum Forst.
Prionus laticollis Drury
Tetropium cinnamopterum Kirby
Phymatodes variabilis Fabr.

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 159

Phymatodes infuscatus Lec.
P. dimidiatus Kirby
Callidium janthinum Lec.
Tylonotus bimaculatus Hald.
Molorchus bimaculatus Say
Plagionotus speciosus Say
Neoclytus erythrocephalus Fabr.
Clytanthus ruricola Oliv.
Cyrtophorus verrucosus Olvv.
Euderces picipes Fabr.
Desmocerus palliatus Forst.
Encyclops caeruleus Say
Centrodera decolorata Harris
Pachyta monticola Rand.
Anthophilax malachiticus Lec.
A. attenuatus Hald.
Acmaeops directa Newm.
Gaurotes cyanipennis Say
Typocerus velutinus Oliv.
Leptura lineola Say
. haematites Newm.

exigua Newm.
. canadensis Fabr.
. proxima Say
. vittata Germ.
. pubera Say
L. sphaericollis Say
L. vibex Newm.
L. aurata Horn.
L. mutabilis Newm.
Acanthoderes quadrigibbus Say
Leptostylus macula Say
Liopus alpha Say
Lepturges symmetricus Hald.
L. querei Fitch
Hyperplatys maculatus Hald.
Urographis fasciatus De G.
Pogonocherus mixtus Hald.
Saperda calcarata Say
S. vestita Say
S. tridentata Oliv.
Oberea bimaculata Oliv.
O. tripunctata Swed.

ered slesd [eal eal le

Tetraopes tetraophthalmus Forst.

Amphionycha flammata Newm.
Donacia rufa Lec.

Orsodachna atra Ahr.
Zeugophora varians Cr.

Syneta ferruginea Germ.

Lema trilineata Oliv.

Exema sp.

Bassareus mammifer Newm.
Cryptocephalus quadruplex Newm.
C. var. 4-euttulus Suffr.

C. mutabilis Afelsh.

_ Pachybrachys litigiosus Su/ffr.
| P. trinotatus Melsh.
_ P. intricatus Suffr.

| Monachus saponatus Fabr.
| Diachus auratus Fabr.

Xanthonia 10-notata Say
X. villosula Melsh.
Chrysochus auratus Fabr.
Typophorus canellus Fabr.

Te var. aterrimus Oliv.
hed be var. thoracicus Melsh.
Ate var. 6-notatus Say

Graphops pubescens Melsh.
Nodonota brunnea abr.
N. tristis Oliv.

_ Prasocuris vittata Oliv.
_ Doryphora clivicollis Kirby

D. 10-lineata Say
Chrysomela similis Rog.
C. praecelsis og.

C. elegans Oliv.

C. scalaris Lec.

C. philadelphica Linn.
C. var. spiraeae Say
C. multipunctata Say
Plagiodera viridis Melsh.
Gastroidea polygoni Linn.
Lina tremulae Fabr.

| Cerotoma trifurcata Forst.

Phyllobrotica discoidea Fabr.
Luperus meraca Say

| Diabrotica 12-punctata Oliv.

D. vittata Fabr.

| D. longicornis Say

Trirhabda tomentosa Linn. var. cana-
densis Kirby

Galeruca decora Say

Oedionychis vians JI.

O. quereata Fabr. var. limbalis Melsh.

Disonycha pennsylvanica [/l.

D. triangularis Say

D. xanthomelaena Dalm.

Haltica ignita Jl.

Crepidodera helxines Linn.

C. cucumeris Harris

160 NEW

Orthaltica copalina Fabr.
Systena hudsonias Forst.

S. marginalis /Jl.

Phyllotreta vittata Fabr.

P. bipustulata Fabr

P. chalybeipennis Cr.
Dibolia borealis Chev.
Psylliodes punctulata Jfelsh.
Odontota nervosa Panz.
Coptocycla aurichalcea Fabr.
Chelymorpha argus Licht.
Bruchus pisi Linn.
Phellopsis obeordata Kirby

Nyctobates pennsylvanica De G.

Ipbthimus opacus Lec.

Upis ceramboides Linn.
Haplandrus femoratus Fabr.
Scotobates calearatus Fabr.
Xylopinus saperdioides Oliv.
Tenebrio molitor Linn.

T. tenebrioides Beauv.
Tribolium ferrugineum Fabr.
Uloma impressa Melsh.
Diaperis hydni Fabr.
Platydema excavatum Say
P. ruficorne Sturm.

P. flavipes Fabr.

P. americanum Lap.
Boletotherus bifureus Fabr.
Boletophagus corticola Say
B. depressus Rand.

Cistela sericea Say
Mycetochares binotata Say
M. nigerrima Casey

Capnochroa fuliginosa Melsh.

Arthromacra aenea Say
Penthe obliquata Fabr.

P. pimelia Fabr.

Synchroa punctata Newm.
Prothalpia undata Lec.
Melandrya striata Say
Hypulus simulator Newm.
Direaea liturata Lec.
Anisoxya glaucula Lec.
Eustrophus tomentosus Say
E. repandus Horn
Holostrophus bifasciatus Say

Hallomenus scapularis Melsh.

H. debilis Lee. :
Orchesia castanea Melsh.

YORK SLATE MUSEUM

Orchesia gracilis Welsh.
Canifa pallipes Afelsh.
Rhinosimus viridiaeneus Rand
Asclera ruficollis Say

A. puncticollis Say

| Anaspis nigra [/ald.
| A. flavipennis Hald.

A. rufa Say

Tomoxia bidentata Say
Mordella borealis Lec.

M. melaena Germ.

M. marginata Melsh.
Mordellistena biplagiata Helm.
M. atriceps Smith

M. comata Lec.

M. aspersa Melsh.

| M. pustulata Melsh.
| M. convicta Lec.

| Corphyra newmani Lec.
| C. lugubris Say

C. collaris Say

Notoxus anchora Say
Anthicus rejectus Lec.
Pyrochroa flabellata Fabr.
Schizotus cervicalis Newm.
Dendroides canadensis Lat.
D. concolor Newm.

Meloe angusticollis Say
Pomphopoea sayi Lec.
Hormorus undulatus UAl.

_ Cyphomimus dorsalis Horn
_ Sitones hispidulus Germ.

S. flavescens Marsh
S. tibialis Herbst
Ithycerus noveboracensis Forst.

_ Apion rostrum Say

Phytonomus punctatus Fabr.

_ P. nigrirostris Fabr.

Hyvlobius confusus Kirby
Bagous obliquus Lec.
Magdalis barbita Say

| M. pandura Say
| M. armicollis Say

Anthonomus signatus Say
A. rufipennis Lec.

A. corvulus Lee.

A. crataegi Walsh

A. canus Lec.

Orchestes pallicornis Say
O. niger Horn

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 161

Orchestes ephippiatus Say
Piazorhinus scutellaris Say
Gymnetron teter Fabr.
Conotrachelus juglandis Lec.

C. nenuphar Herhst

C. anaglypticus Say
Tyloderma aereum Say
Cryptorhynchus parochus [Zerbst
Piazurus oculatus Say
Cocliodes curtus Say

Acoptus suturalis Lec.
Ceutorhynchus affluentus Dietz
C. sulcipennis Lec.

C. semirufus Lec.

C. septentrionalis Gyll.
Pelenomus sulcicollis Fabr.

Rhinoncus pyrrhopus Lec.
Baris strenua Lec.

Aulobaris naso Lec.
Sphenophorus seulptilis Uhl.
Calandra granaria Linn.
Cossonus platalea Say
Stenocelis brevis Boh.
Monorthrum mali Fitch
Pityophthorus minutissimus Zimm
Xyloterus bivittatus Kirby
X. politus Say

Xyleborus ohesus Lec.
Hylesinus aculeatus Say

H.. opaculus Lec.
Eurymycter fasciatus Oliv.
Cratoparis lunatus Fabr.

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST

The following is a list of the principal publications of the
entomologist during the year 1902. 64 are given with the title,’
place and time of publication and a summary of the contents
of each. Volume and page number are separated by a colon, the
first superior figure tells the column, and the second the exact
place in the column in ninths; e. g. 66: 842% means vol. 66, p. 842,
column 2, beginning in the seventh ninth, i. e. about seven ninths
of the way down.

Hackberry Gall (Country Gentleman, Oct. 17, 1901, 66 :842*)

The gallof Pachypsylla celtidis-mamma Riley, from Greenwich
R. L, is briefly described and the insect characterized.

Dying White Pines (Troy Budget, Oct. 27, 1901, p.12; Argus
[Albany] Nov. 17, p.13)

An account of injuries to white pines in the Hudson river valley by To micus
calligraphus Germ., and associated species.

Seventeen Year Cicada (Country Gentleman, Nov. 7, 1901,

66 :902”)

Gives distribution of brood of Cicada septendecim Linn. to appear
in 1902 and indorses advice to refrain from setting young trees or close pruning
in sections where the insect is abundant.

Cigar Case-bearer (Country Gentleman, Nov. 7, 1901, 66 :902")
The cases are described and the habits of Coleophora fletcherella

F rn. given.

!Titles are given as published ; and in some instances they have been changed or supplied by
the editors of the various paperse

162 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Katydid Eggs. (Country Gentleman, Noy. 14, 1901, 66:922")
Identifies and describes the oviposition of Microcentrum retineryis

Burm.
Scale Insects of Importance and List of the Species in New York

State (N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 46. June 1901 [issued Nov. 15].
94p., 15 plates [seven colored])

Contents PAGE

1baqa gov hired toyo ace eeeyaen a Meaty aan tat eietiol air LARUE RA aaISt amen craees (oinyy ciato ny oc 291
GHATACEETISTIGS! are eorncuerete lene ley ever -el cx sueas arte ceeuleneie (ais sete Foto lbsh oi ee Rae aeeM 291
Number OLSPEClES: 5 ctic eise-elsieredefa.- fh Dero nib soe onsen 22) 4 2hoeee ceric eae ee 292

Mr ay CALE! <r eee tep eto oie evades ace ate "st sires enced iene coven sustoueicl > Srey rare ta eae ee 293
Meansiof dispersal G5 vapcatesincy or chet neki suayeleie s,s as, a't evoke emery: sAenetee 293
Certain'species Of walues... cesses otal lee sie ots ici ee ere 294
Recognition votiacalenmsects sc <a. see 200) else = ajo eaele arom Cedar 295
Key based on superficial characters of species treated ................ 295
Appletree bark louse, Mytilaspis pomorum Bouche’............. 297
Scurty bark louse, Chvonas pis fur umaMitch. 2 2.0 )o. nee 300
Pernicious or San José scale insect, Aspidiotus perniciosus Comst.. 304
European fruit scale insect, Aspidiotus fostreaeformisCurt...... 323
Putnam’s scale insect, AspidiotusjancylusPutn...........7....5- 326
Cherry scale insect, }Aspidiotus forbesi Johns................... 330
White scale insect of the ivy, Aspidiotus -hederae Vallot........... 333
Remedial MMOASUNES «6.5 5.5) aioe jcy eins acs. ere Sd eer onaierelfnse cob lo inke Sipe talons icieaal eiey ara area 336
sOnly.contact.msecticides. Of, values. 5-5 <2 wets cieie co eeiaie lee ae ane 336
Wilrale roll Soa ees6ipe he sejesccom crs teers ie esc le h emotte ae rata en oe ee vey en rice eeReneR 336
Whale oil soap and crude petroleum combination.................... 337
Crude*petroleum: emulsion’) )5...2% 2c w tis eres eieine Soeteepe hee lectern 337
CrodeipetroleumPundiluted s. ta. soriscnierecesieio nie ce meee anon 338
EOROSEMEY Vs aicish eat, aust ue lace! aistiens) aba) oy'> eboeelts tes cusijelleueratnvet suede rakes enue Mame Ett 339
Keroseme emulsion so'4 si <5 id eve stele shale vereoteks ako Aa feu 339
OpherisumMerssprayss os Gate west joys seid she aceyo evel cit eel Sse eR Rae eee Ie 339
Munn gations ,OrChandsi.,<'s..:< oyeie sto ves cyoeie.ais she eela\sreis ti eb eI eee eee 339
Humicationso fmunrseryasvOCkeac- 2/6 eee crete inincre ice rine ere 341
Technical study of four species of As pidiotus, by Miss M. F. Boynton. 343
PARE LACE ie Sone Ne Cees ar seta toes ots re & wpe ete ea here ee ae ne 343
Rye iNet aya fo ra Sake: Seicl is eee ok eater enpepan en eet ch eee eee 347
Atsipad obs Showbiestic.t:..0.¢2asekeeble< ate se st el ee 347

AS PUGLOtWS APeTN1C LOS USis > iendesecp stele cae oon Mee 349

AGS pi Ort Wisin G PLAS. 5.01, cacohedatactye hoe oe © laeecas oe eee eee 351

MS PMA VO GUS; OiSit Te Ae TOT MUS. ais acieucneiels. cise ai see ee ee 3852
Scale insects, Coccidae,im New. York states sto. .)s..50).c) 0s ae eee 354
Explanation von iplates.vacc% sc cs; no's o57- Seersply se eotneto os tuciais aoe epee ae OE
rnd exc Ue rsiadla is Sth itcede eels tl OLDIE LAS Ee ee tom TOE eae 367

San José Scale (Worcester [Mass.] Sunday Telegram, Noy. 17,
1901, p.7)

Summary account of Aspidiotus perniciosus Comst.

14 general account and bibliography of each is given.

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 163

Aquatic Insects of the Adirondacks. A study conducted at the
entomologic field station, Saranac Inn N. Y., under the direc-
tion of the state entomologist, by James G. Needham Ph.D.
and Cornelius Betten M.A. (N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 47. Sep.
1901 [issued Nov. 18]. 234p. 36 plates [six colored])

Contents PAGE

ELC LACE Me SCe EINE put eke TARA sycl tc oc tea ch ataralitna ahs Alda arden hae aa a ued cE Rah, Fe 383
Part 1 Introductory: the undertaking, location, objects, methods and

TS CLG oe etets, Sh ays ohare PA a caeetace nee ae a anh ates Seerearetauorellgns tite 384

ante opeue Old thle Cleai Creches sats aleve.ci2'h <lacn's nay) setius jue wens = ood ae 400

AUR NGeCL LEK MISLOLICS . atclape cassie slat stotaps ales s Bate stare eee ote eels ate ea SLO

elecopteratecrsn cee nerrcac a saitectel soit Cut seacinl aaneleMersy ho Seti MeN etn yedee take ake 412

FETS MC MMC TIC A My ecctn seh te Ses aye or sa ava Chana. mene ote Destertieta tee eee cle va luleri Miece 418

(Oo aaa Eas Se Bee ee chat eater ae Ne ERT PE Pon AU RUN a Wore he AA 429

INUIT OP UCLA teks Sept nis, ctepeaaeeday aicnart te <io:cFayete. sats th cienecis ous cutee el egeuete eae 540

firichoptera bya CORNELIUS DEDLEN) pacientes ae ae ce eia 561

Bip LET mmr rere cra ett terse, shaper cists aro hai qapese oisiaee eae ote eyeter watediatec eens 573

IN OLESOMOLNETOLGETS....chves ists Manaloune's Gre hiletecgaclten: Ph eke eee w ela she 582

List and two new species of sawflies, by A. D. MACGILLIVRAY............ 584

Original descriptions of new Diptera, by D. W. CoQuImLLeTT............ 585

Descriptions of five new parasitic Hymenoptera, by W. H. Asumeap.... 586

Bosco Amey sLOmOleplatesis qs ceerchs kyaedatettarataleiete cheapest ie Whemete ear ctene cantsce er heron ae 590

TS OMCEXCRTMIStPAtiOnsy ss artsy sicakesycicen ocie che pastes adh rape een eats Melt a the 597

HLETNGL aaron PPh ete Shops ie CNG RES He a. cere ce aeareeet one Ge ehomhe: ¢ LU st eeeled ie 599

Entomology and Entomologists in New York State (Argus
[Albany] Dec. 3, 1901, p.5)

Abstract of annual address delivered before the Entomological Society of
Albany.
Slaking Lime (Country Gentleman, Jan. 2, 1992, 67:6")

Slaking and kind of lime to be used for. bordeaux mixture.

Elm Leaf Beetle (Troy Budget, Jan. 12, 1902, p.6; Argus
[Albany] Feb. 2, p.12)

Injuries, distribution and means of controlling Galerucella luteola
Mill. The work of the Laurel Hill Association of Stockbridge Mass. mentioned.
Insects Injurious to Elm Trees (Commissioners of Fisheries,

Game and Forest. 5th Rep’t, 1900 [rec’d Jan. 16, 1902]

p.351-79; separate, issued Mar. 17, 1902)

Directions are given for the use of insecticides and the’ following species are
noticed briefly: Elm leaf beetle, Galerucella luteola Miill.; bag or
basket worm, Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis Haw; fall web-
worm, Hyphantria cunea Drury; spiny elm caterpillar, Euvanessa
antiopa Linn., elm borer, Saperda tridentata Oliv. and elm bark
louse, Gossyparia ulmi Geoff. ‘
Two New Species of Ophion (Psyche, Feb. 1902, 9:307—8)

Technical descriptions of Ophion arcuatum and O. appendicu-
latum, n. sp.

164 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Further Notes on Crude Petroleum and Other Insecticides (U.S.
Dep’t Agric. div. ent. Bul.31. n. s. 1902. p.49-51)

Results obtained with crude petroleum, whale oil soap, etc.

The Hessian Fly in New York State in 1901 (U.S. Dep’t Agric.
div. ent. Bul. 31. n. s. 1902. p.22-24)

Prevalence, damage and observations on broods of Cecidomyia de-
structor Say.
Observations on Forest and Shade Tree Insects in New York

State (U. S. Dep’t Agric. div. ent.. Bul. 31. n. s. 1902. p. 63-68)

Notes on the following: Anisota senatoria Abb.&Sm., Cacoecia
argyrospila Walk, Chalcophora virginiensis Drury, C.
liberta Germ. Anomalalucicola Fabr, Monohammus scu-
tellatus Say, M. titillator Fabr., M. confusor Kirby, Gly pto-
celis hirtus Oliv. [pubescens Fabr.], Pissodes strobi Peck,
Magdalis lecontei Hor, M. alutacealLec., Dendroctonus
terebrans Oliv., Tomicus calligraphus Germ. T.cacographus
Lec., T. piniSay, T.balsameusLec., Xylotrechus sagittatus
Germ., Galerucella luteola Mull, Clisiocampa disstria
Hiibn., Prionoxystus robiniae Peck, Lecanium nigrofasci-
atum Perg., Pseudococcus aceris Geoff.[Phenacoccus aceri-
cola King], and Chermes pinicorticis Fitch.

Ladybugs and Carpet Beetles (Country Gentleman, Feb. 13, 1902,

67 :133")

Two spotted ladybug, Adalia bipunectata Linn., is characterized, and
the Buffalo carpet beetle, Anthrenus scrophulariae Linn., and
the black carpet beetle, Attagenus piceus Oliv., are briefly described
and remedial measures given.

Soft Scale on Fern (Country Gentleman, Feb. 18, 1902, 67 :133*)

Lecanium hesperidum Linn. is briefly described, and the use of Ivory
soap, a 5 cent cake to 8 gallons of water, advised.

Report of the Committee on Insects of the Eastern New York

Horticultural Society (Eastern N. Y. Hortic. Soc. Proc. 5th
annual meeting, 1901 [issued Feb. 1902] p.20-26)

Gipsy moth, Porthetria dispar Linn., fruit tree bark beetle, Sc oly -
tus rugulosus Ratz., palmer worm, Ypsolophus pometellus
Harris, and the forest tent caterpillar, Clisiocampa disstria Hutbn.,,
were noticed in particular. The results obtained with kerosene, whale oil soaps
and crude petroleum in various combinations are given briefly.

School Children and San José Scale (Worcester [Mass.] Evening

Gazette, Feb. 17, 1902, p.3)

Letter advising the enlistment of school children as aids in detecting the San
José scale, Aspidiotus perniciosus Comst., about Worcester Mass.
Hickory Bark Borer (Livingston Democrat [Geneseo N. Y.] Feb.

26, 1902, p.3)

Injuries of Scolytus 4-spinosus Say in the Genesee valley, earlier
outbreaks, natural history and remedies,

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 165

Forest Tent Caterpillar (Country Gentleman, Mar. 6, 1902,
67 :196°-97°)
Remedial measures against Clisiocampa disstria Hiibn.
Spraying for Cicada (Country Gentleman, Mar. 13, 1902, 67 :219”)

Spraying recently emerged cicadas, Cicada septendecim Linn., with
a contact insecticide is advisable only in limited areas.

San José Scale Investigations (Country Gentleman, Mar. 13, 1902,
67 :221")
Criticism of results on Aspidiotus perniciosus Comst., obtained
by Professors Lowe and Parrott. See N.Y. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bul. 202.

Fumigation (Country Gentleman, Mar. 27, 1902, 67 :262”)

Value of hydrocyanic acid gas against bedbugs, Acanthia lectularia
Linn., and hen lice.

Report on Insects for 1901, read before Eastern New York Horti-
cultural Society Feb. 12, 1902 (Country Gentleman, Mar. 27,
1902, 67 :265", 290'—-91°, 308")

The following insects were noticed: giant swallowtail, Heraclides
cresphontes Cram., cicada-killer, Sphecius speciosus Drury,
Hessian fly, Cecidomyia destructor Say, squash bug, Anasa
tristis DeGeer. The value of trap lanterns was commented on, and the results
obtained by the use of various insecticides against the San José scale were given.
The fruit tree bark beetle, Scolytus rugulosus Ratz., the hickory bark
borer, Scolytus 4-spinosus Say, the roundheaded appletree borer,
Saperdafleandida Fabr., the elm leaf beetle, Galerucella luteola
Miull., the grapevine Fidia, Fidia vitieida Walsh, the peach twig moth,
Anarsia lineatella Zell, Cenopis diluticostana Wlsm.,
and the carrot rust fly, Psila rosae Linn., were also noticed.

Bark Louse (Country Gentlemen, Ap. 10, 1902, 67 :306")
Remedies for Mytilaspis pomorum Bouché.

White Scale (Country Gentleman, Ap. 17, 1902, 67 :329")
Remedies for Aspidiotus hederae Vall.

Insect Enemies to Shade Trees (Col. State Board Hortic. Rep’t,

1901. 1902 [ree’d Ap. 22] 13:164-70)

Some general considerations in preventing insect depredations with brief
notices of the following species: Gipsy moth, Porthetria dispar Linn.,
leopard moth, Zeuzera pyrina Linn., white marked tussock moth, N ot 0 -
lophus leucostigma Abb. & Sm.,, spiny elm caterpillar, Euvanessa
antiopa Linn., locust borer, Prionoxystus robiniae Peck, poplar
borer, Saperda calcarata Say, cottonwood leaf beetle, Lina scripta

Fabr. and cottony mapletree scale insect, Pulvinaria innumera-
bilis Rathv.

Tussock Moth (Country Gentleman, Ap. 24, 1902, 67:351")

Remedial measures are given for the white marked tussock moth, N ot olo-
phus leucostigma Abb. & Sm

166 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Seale Insects (Country Gentleman, May 1, 1902, 67 :370")

Remedial measures for Chionaspis furfura Fitch and Aspidi-
otus perniciosus Comst. from Dorchester Mass.

May Beetles (Country Gentleman, May 8, 1902, 67:390")

There is no practical method of protecting trees from Lachnosterna
? fusca Frohl.

Bagworms (Country Gentleman, May 8, 1902, 67:390")

The winter retreats, containing from 532 to 1284 eggs, are described and
remedies are givenfor Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis Haw.
Grape Root Worm (Country Gentleman, May 15, 1902, 67:413")

General account of Fidia viticida Walsh in New York and a discus-
sion of remedies.

Tent Caterpillars (Country Gentleman, May 15, 1902, 67:414”)

Brief note of warning in regard to Clisiocampa americana Fabr.
and C. disstria Hiibn.

Insect Pests and Plant Diseases (N. Y. State Lib. Bul. 72. 1902.

p.181-83)

General summary of earlier laws and review of those enacted in the United
States in 1901.

Insects in New York (Country Gentleman, May 22, 1902, 67 :434*)

Summary of reports from voluntary observers.

Appletree Tent Caterpillar (Country Gentleman, May 22, 1902,

67 :438°—39)

Remedies are given for Clisiocampa americana Fabr. and the
habits of the fall webworm, Hy phantria cunea Drury [textor Harris],
are briefly described.

Onion Thrips (Country Gentleman, May 29, 1902, 67 :451”)

Injuries and remedies for Thrips tabaci Lind.

Insects in New York (Country Gentleman, May 29, 1902, 67 :454*)

Summary of reports from voluntary observers.

Elm Tree Bark Louse (Country Gentleman, June 5, 1902, 67 :471")

The habits and remedies for Gossyparia ulmi Geoff. are given.
Insects in New York (Country Gentleman, June 5, 1902, 67 :471”)

Summary of reports from voluntary observers.

Hopvine Aphis (Country Gentleman, June 12, 1902, 67 :490*)

Life history and remedial measures for Phorodon humuli Schrank.
Owl Beetle (Country Gentleman, June 12, 1902, 67 :490*)

Description and habits of Alaus oculatus Linn,

Gartered Plume Moth (Country Gentleman, June 12, 1902,

67 :491”)

Life history -and remedies for Oxyptilus periscelidactylus
Fitch

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 167

Insects in New York (Country Gentleman, June 12, 1902.
67 :499")

Summary of reports from voluntary observers.

Insects of New York (Country Gentleman, June 19, 1902,
Gio 977)

Summary of reports from voluntary observers.

Lined Spittle Hopper (Country Gentleman, June 26, 1902,
67 :530")

The workof Ptyelus[Philaenus]lineatus Linn. on grass described,
and Aphrophora paralella Say on hard pine mentioned.

Silver Tip (Country Gentleman, June 26, 1902, 67 :531")

This may be the work of several insects: Limothrips poaphagus
Comst., larvae of Chlorops and Meromyza or Jassidae.

Insects in New York (Country Gentleman, June 26, 1902,
67 :539*)

Summary of reports from voluntary observers.

Grapevine Root Worm (Country Gentleman, July 10, 1902,
67 :574—-75)

Cultivation will destroy a large proportion of the pupae of Fidia viti-
cida Walsh.

-Insects in New York (Country Gentleman, July 10, 1902,
67 :579”")

Summary of reports from voluntary observers.

[Directions for Collecting Mosquitos] (Argus [Albany] July 27,
1902, p.14; Waterloo Observer, July 25, 1902, p.1)

Request for specimens from all parts of the State with directions for collecting.
Spread of Elm Leaf Beetle (New York Farmer, Aug. 21, 1902,

p.4)

Observations on spread of Galerucella luteola Mill. about Albany
and its carriage by electric cars.

Aquatic Insects of the Saranac Region (Forest, Fish and Game
Commission. 6th Rep’t, 1901 [issued Aug. 1902] p.499-531,
six colored plates)

The introduction briefly describes the investigations of the office and discusses
the ; complexity |'and interrelations existing among aquatic forms, with a
chapter on the value of insects as food for fish. The economic importance of the
following orders as fish food is briefly treated: stone flies (Plecoptera), May
flies (Ephemeridae), dragon flies (Odonata), fish flies, dobson and others (Neur-
optera), caddis flies (Trichoptera) and flies (Diptera). Brief notes from Dr

Needham’s report (Museum bulletin 47) are given on the species known to occur
in the region, and most of the illustrations are taken from the same publication.

Injuries by Elm Leaf Beetle (Albany Evening Journal, Aug. 26,
1902, p.10)

Brief note calling attention to injuries by Galerucella luteola Mill.

168 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

San José Seale (Country Gentleman, Aug. 28, 1902, 67:711")
- Remedies for Aspidiotus perniciosus Comst.

Elm Leaf Beetle [Galerucella luteola Miill.] in New York
State (N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 57, Entomology 15, p.1—43, Spl.
_[revised edition of Museum bulletin 20, issued Aug. 27])

Contents PAGE
DECENT Of ie ORAS pert ahd Sar ES AA eae A re UR EE ROEM IRONS 6:6.5.6, 6 3
Kim“eat beetle im New WorkeState ls 13.2 cis ciestetn 2) ace lereseve cee fel cvetiel ay seen ona 4
Bad reputation obits family: cee e leii: fick ebb eis oe ete SAPS Rel 4
Recent imyuries about: Allbariygee's sitet cie2sie «bol aand « it optke wep ope nate cease ences 4
Inactionwmeans death tothe elam :.5 2. ¢ dal 2 oicieverey, ws oon «259 tee eee 6
DISETIOUEIOM: wersyecebec so tate ech or estos eo Se sunie tae ey class vote gna caate MaCTEGRE Pasa OR eel 6
DESCEND GON paratrers eee tec iene eae: Sie Tn She Shea doe ey ous DU amen Cron Ook aAvaee Arbeit 8
Tuifie MISCOT Yee cafeteria kas We oe AUER erin ie eiela CS ERE & tne SER RTE 10
INumberiOL MeMeETAtlONS Sree cae iayark let he & whe say-ate its ee elerie care Chai Soe ncuron 14
Habits Yor beetlesamd: larvae sjat.isien% < oa tte oie Sfas 2's ives is gonvetor es Chom atten 14
Species:.of elmstattacked sirc.c 45 se csaciyeapateistcteystovs aieisielorseed tte © sete eee RE 16
AMIVASSOCLER BINSECH! seat ech ee ieiss sade. cieyeeen oid seattle aly OS Cine eae 17
Jnjumesvands characteristicSsr ac as casioeiec alan se ce ehchent ce reiene teen 7
Descriptionvand life *historye% c2); 6% eb siars oo aes w enveteie rete abe mee 18
Meansiotcdistrbb ution is oo 4! SNA aR kgecicls aie ohcuate eee cat en 18
Secondaryeattacksiby insects we. 5 fy cron edo Ma auektt ss slate Send ee 19
INaturalenemmestii4. ci 48 bra fierh RI ae, SAE E Ee AES cua nia eae 20
RREMIE GIES Here prob. Meytcke Shawcn Aiko tity ike siete veut ps Si eeastek cudrat ot wegswaporeg Sica sia eae Rane PIO 22
Costvof spraying: elimis scabies os Bos lee ee ediisicltnels Meiers oe A eee 22
IPTOPET APPALAbUs oe 5 eee cve ale wic’s oieeceus ait teu. «aren cheucyssele eoneCleeele Renae an 23
ime and smnianer Of Spray IMSS. 4 Are seallela chee desde) eee emt eRe 25
AS palliative: MCASUTE) jos Aika Pens AR ere dee is Lethe 2aE hk ER atid ate ee eee 27
WsclessGmlens tes SCS hey oie ares Nah hetays Sea take teee eta emel Shen taot chat obey Sic Gres Ene 28
Remedies forlassociated: Insects). j.a1.: Hoase be see he wal alel= sami ae epee meee 29
BUD NORMAN es cities ho cite osteo « Raha Ge Rew ed ikea otra RS eee GLE eh eRe 30
Explanation Of plates? 3.255.252 yas ties is.e exec ttle aaloas ater a ctisaey 5 Suey Race 37
| EJ) ership Dec Sat ESR At SR eran Aer a he DT Pee he or Ce, red St one OA face 38
1 a¥6 Kes. hoes Ran eID carer aur ck ee TRS Dah. ia ee ee nee iad enn ho. 5 of dc 39

Hag Moth Caterpillar (Country Gentleman, Sep. 4, 1902, 67:730”)

The food habits and life history of Phobetron pitheecium Abb. &
Sm. are given.

17th Report of the State Entomologist on Injurious and Other
Insects of the State of New York (N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 53.
1901. [Issued Sep. 12, 1902] p.699-925, 29fig. Gpl.)

Contents PAGE

TMUTOMUCHIONEAL pre see cata cena oct ce eRe Tne ica can ie Le 699
General entomologicnieatures:..jsgec: eae ore en ae eee 699
OMice WOT Gis eet atc Ns BE te ee IG RC te er Le 700
Special investigations A Out elle ees: Oe aaa tee nolan eee 701
Entomolosicifield station ya: a. le. cartier ee ees eee 701

DEABLOD EU cEsW eho) 0 Yoh nmr ap AMEN vera Wher pares PRIS lena asia as UO ee release Dt 072

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 169

Introduction (continued) PAGE
Bist TI SLOT WOM bee jars ay as ee nos FE oe Codinss: shes dos ays eas ee aE ROL pn 702
CollcehlOMOM MSE Cts otis Monee ies arom. ce ek aides teehee aoe eer 702
an ATIETI CAMA COMECHION tiehietras © 6 Sed istng. oa uagie ara aia ey ae ete ieee 703
New CUA UCTS Starter ree Otic lacs ou ceSeSsc era? Suis ta ois tolahay aera chee aye aCe eee Tees 703
Wo liam aryar OD SUVCLS es 0) bretsle aiey i afeves AS te SEES ace LO een eae 704
PAC IH OME COMIC TUES I oY ch ops he i gM EN ite eee aa ony Ha ee 704

Injurious insects
Cecudomyia destructor! say. Hessian, fly. tenyas.o.ae nee ela toe 705

INGUCSMOT. LGR Yea cts apa) MAS a. Meat eee cepa is oe RA Oe Mla Ra Ste Satie Agere 731
EIR RDLE GMPCS LS Acie s.2 tation aitractunnhere Sait Boo Mame Me er Mes Ss ech Peat 731
Sladeanditorest, tree peststa aaa ie a ceieiam Sama meena en anaes 738
Gardenvand Guberinseets! dost alae Welsoe te TNs 1a WON een ors ae ae Ae 749
WUnusualvabundancetoti southern formsce le ele oe a a eee nee oe 757

Experimental work against the San José scale insect .................000- 761
SIMITTATA ROL CXPCTUMETIESs, Sa..,51 «ss siehe ohare ein che one sexes ee eM 775

Wolunbanyentomologic Service: 255 S(t: nifee cue cassie ie suelo hn alereusieleye 776
SUMMA TICS! OL TE OLUS ise seein ay kote starter acne orn Chaat Misia at ae 776

isizon publications, or the entomologistiy./. ... ..lsceaasasts 4 devlee eee oe 800

CorETIIULLONS bO,COlle COM Gera ys eid a Poe ess cne Sie, ee eee He es eae 808

Appendix: Entomologic exhibit at the Pan-American Exposition 1901 ..... 825

Bexqa etirer LOMO UNA COS: «5, Stews <0 5 Gene ys acd oi ees toy om sh wee apa Sh Ne ee tah sca eae 899

STEER ple heim Sever Aes oiriay Sk. ERs thas Seth aantin fds, » Eghhel Gee eee Resets ak eanew roa face 900

Hie Coxon een Rees ne Ie te nel AN sta sress aw Mety aac eae Oe Ce EEE 901

Scale Insects of Importance (American Gardening, Sep. 18, 1902,
22, :593—94)

_ Reprint of portions of Museum bulletin 46 on above group.

Asparagus Beetle (Country Gentleman, Oct. 2, 1902, 67:810)
Remedies for Crioceris asparagi Linn.

Report on Insects (N. Y. State Fruit-Growers Ass’n Rep’t. 1902.
6th An. Rep’t 1902. p.210—18)
Brief notes on the unusual occurrence of a number of southern species.

Report of the Committee on Insects (Eastern N. Y. Hortic. Soc.

6th An. Rep’t 1902. p.210-18)

Some general observations on the abundance of southern forms are given
together with notes on the value of trap lanterns, and the results of recent experi-
ments with various insecticides against San José scale. The injuries inflicted by
various bark borers are briefly recorded, and the following insects are noticed:
Hickory bark borer, Scolytus 4-s pinosus Say; elm leaf beetle, Gal -
erucella luteola Mill; grapevine Fidia, Fidia viticida Walsh;
forest tent caterpillar, Clisiocampa disstria Hiibn.; Cenopis
diluticostana Walsm.; carrot rust fly, Psila rosae Fabr.; rose scale
insect, Aulacaspis rosae Sandb.; European praying mantis, Mantis
religiosa Linn.

170 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

CONTRIBUTIONS TO COLLECTION OCT. 16, 1901-OCT. 15,
1902

Hymenoptera

Eumenes fraternus Say, fraternal potter wasp, cells on
small branch, May 10; from G. 8. Graves, Newport N. Y.

Agapostemon radiatus Say, Oct. 8; from Mrs E. C.
Anthony, Gouverneur N. Y.

Thalessa atrata Fabr., the black long-sting, June 17;
from C. Horton, Albany N. Y.

Microgaster sp., cocoons, Noy. 11; from L. L. Woodford,
Lyndonville N. Y.

Cratotechus sp., pupal cases on soft maple, July 27; from

W. T. Ropes, Montclair N. J.
Tremex columba Linn., pigeon tremex, Aug. 30; from

W. S. Evans, Newport N. Y.
Monostegia ignota Nort., strawberry sawfly, larvae on
strawberry plants, June 2; from C. L. Williams, Glens Falls N. Y.
Eriocampoides limacina Retz., peartree slug, larva on
cherry, Sep. 12; from Calvin Shaffer, Albany N. Y.

Coleoptera

Scolytus quadrispinosus Say, adults and larvae on
hickory logs, January; from W. W. Wadsworth, Geneseo N. Y.

Cryptorhynehus lapathi Linn., willow snout beetle,
on poplar and willow, July 18; from C. W. Stuart & Co., Newark
N. Y. Same on willow, Aug. 28; from J. Jay Barden, New-
ark N.Y:

Pissodes strobi Peck, the white pine weevil, pupae and
adults, Aug. 28; from Ernest H. Crosby, Rhinebeck N. Y.

Lixus conecavus Say, rhubarb curculio, June 26; from
H. H. Ballard, Pittsfield Mass.

EK picauta cinerea Forst., margined blister beetle on pota-
toes, July 14; from G. F. Bixby, Plattsburg N. Y.

Chelymorphaargus Licht., argus beetle, adults on corn,
July 18; from 8. B. Huested, Blauvelt N. Y.

Galerucella luteola Mill. elm leaf beetle, adults on
elm, Ap. 25; from S. 8. Vrooman, Schenectady N. Y.

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 171

Fidia viticida Walsh, grapevine root worm, larvae on
erapevine, Ap. 24; from Westfield N. Y. Same, May 18; from
F. A. Morehouse, Ripley N. Y.

Oberea bimaculata Oliv., raspberry cane-girdler, adult on
raspberry, July 11; from Dr C. C. Schuyler, Plattsburg N. Y.

Saperda fayi Bland, larvae in crataegus, Ap. 17; from
M. F. Adams, Buffalo N. Y.

Monohammus confusor Kirby, the sawyer, adults,
July 3; from Carlton Turner, Worcester N. Y. Same on pine,
Aug. 4; from B. Middlebrook, Albany N. Y.

Prionus laticollis Drury, broad-necked Prionus, larva
and pupa, June 24; from G. 8. Graves, Newport N. Y.

Orthosoma brunneum Forst., straight-bodied Prionus,
July 30; from James E. Barkley, Grahamsville N. Y.

Pelidnota punctata Linn., spotted grapevine beetle,
adult, Aug. 4; from L. Emmet, Albany N. Y.

Dicerca divaricata Say, divaricated Buprestid, July 30:
from James E. Barkley, Grahamsville N. Y.

Wireworm, undetermined, infested with Cordyceps acic-
ularis, Dec. 25; from C. W. Nash, Toronto Can.

Alaus oculatus, Linn., owl beetle, adult, June 3; from
C. P. S., Schenectady N. Y. Same June 18; from B. D. Van Buren,
Olcott N. Y. Same July 30; from James E. Barkley, Grahams-
ville N. Y.

Attagenus piceus Oliv., black carpet beetle, larvae in
flour warehouse, May 21; from Julian Van Deusen, Hudson N. Y.

Silvanus surinamensis Linn., saw-toothed grain beetle,
adult on oats, Oct. 18; from Mr Freer, Albany N. Y.

Chilocorus bivulnerus Muls., twice-stabbed ladybug,
adults on San José scale-infested tree, May 2; from J. J. Hicks,
Jericho L. I. Same, pupa on apple, Aug. 23; from W. L. Downing,
Oneida N. Y.

Diptera

Psila rosae Fabr., the carrot rust fly, larvae in celery roots,
Dec. 30; trom James Granger, Broadalbin N. Y.

Lasioptera vitis O.S., grapevine gall insect, larvae in
galls on grape leaves and stem, June 16; from J. Jay Barden,
Westfield N. Y.

172 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Culex excrucians Walk. and Anopheles punc-
tipennis Say, mosquitos, adults, July 25; from Percy L.
Huested, Pine Island N. Y.

Rhabdophaga salicis Schrank, European willow gall
midge, larvae on European willow, Ap. 15; from H. C. Peck,
Rochester N. Y.

Lepidoptera

Euvaressa ant iopa Linn., spiny elm caterpillar, larvae
on willow, alder, June 22; from G. S. Graves, Newport N. Y. Same,
on willow (Salix discolor), June 30; from C. R. Pettis,
Saranac Junction N. Y.

Eurymus philodice Godt., clouded sulfur, adult, Oct.
22; from J. P. Van Ness, East Greenbush N. Y.

Heraclides cresphontes Cram., giant swallowtail,
July 15; from Henry Griffis, Newpaltz N. Y.

Hemaris diffinis Bdv., July 30; from James E. Barkley,
Grahamsville N. Y.

Amphion nessus Cram., June 16; from J. F. Rose, South
Byron N. Y.

Thyreus abbotii Swains., Abbot’s sphinx, larvae on Am-
pelopsis, July 25; from W. B. Phipp, Delmar N. Y.

Philampelus pandorus Hibn., pandorus sphinx, larva
on grape, May 30; from H. L. Griffis, Newpaltz N. Y.

Phlegethontius celeus Hibn., tomato worm, on tomato,
Aug. 21; from C. H. Peck, Menands N. Y. Same, adult, Aug. 30;
from Dr U. G. Williams, Newport N. Y.

Sphinx drupiferarum Abb. & Sm., plum sphinx, June
16; from J. Jay Barden, Westfield N. Y. Same, male and female,
June 17; from J. H. Dodge, Rochester N. Y.

? Paonias excaecatus Abb. & Sm., blind-eyed sphinx,
young larvae on oak, June 20; from Rhoda Thompson, Ballston
Span... Y.

Arctia virgo Linn. July 30; from James EK. Barkley,
Grahamsville N. Y.

Pyrrharctia isabella Abb. & Sm., the black and red
woolly bear, larvae, Oct. 22; from J. P. Van Ness, East Green-
bush N. Y.

Notolophus antiqua Linn., larva on Crataegus, July
22; from G. S. Graves, Newport N. Y.

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 ile:

Phobetron pithecium Abb. & Sm., hag moth cater-
pillar, larva on maple, Aug. 26; through Country Gentleman,
Westwood N. Y.

Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis Haw., bagworm,
bags on cedar, Jan. 24; from Dr M. W. Van Denburg, Mount Ver-
non N. Y. Eggs of same on yellow locust, Ap. 21; from J. J.
Hicks, Jericho L. I. Eggs of same on plum, Ap. 28; from Weaver-
ling & Biddle, Everett Pa. Same on arbor vitae, May 6; from
‘Mrs E. H. Mairs, Dobbs Ferry N. Y.

Schizura concinna Abb. & Sm., red-humped appletree
worm, larva on apple, Oct. 4; from Cyrus R. Crosby, Penn Yan N.Y.

Tropaea luna Linn., luna moth, adult, June 3; from J. H.
McClure, Franklinville N. Y. Same; from James EH. Barkley,
Grahamsville N. Y.

Telea polyphemus Linn., polyphemus moth, Aug. 9;
from B. Middlebrook, Albany N. Y.

Clisiocampa americana Fabr., appletree tent cater-
pillar, larva on appletree, May 11; from Lloyd Balderston, Colora
Md.

Xylophasia arctica Bdv., July 30; from James E.
Barkley, Grahamsville N. Y.

Hydroecia species, larva on ginseng, July 30; from H. W.
Elmendorf, Coeymans Hollow N. Y.
~Euthisanotia erata Fabr., beautiful wood nymph, adult
on hollyhock, June 30; from F. A. Fitch, Randolph N. Y. Same
on Boston ivy, June 30; from Mrs E. C. Anthony, Gouverneur N. Y.
Same, July 30; from James E. Barkley, Grahamsville N. Y.
Same, Aug. 2; from G. S. Graves, Newport N. Y.

Heliothis armiger Hibn., the corn worm, larvae on corn,
Aug. 25; from Dr M. W. Van Denburg, Mount Vernon N. Y.

Geometrid sp., larva on Crataegus, July 22; from G. §S.
Graves, Newport N. Y.

Pyralis costalis Fabr., clover hay caterpillar, larvae in
timothy hay, Ap. 9; from George B. Kinney, Amenia N. Y.

? Tetralopha species, larvae on maple, Sep. 2; from E. H.
Crosby, Rhinebeck N. Y.

Dioryctria abietella Shiftf., larvae in spruce cones, Sep.
24; from C. R. Pettis, Fulton Chain N. Y.

174 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Ephestia kuehniella Zell., Mediterranean flour moth,
pupae in graham flour, Oct. 4; from Dr M. W. Van Denburg,
Mount Vernon N. Y.

Oxyptilus periscelidactylus Fitch, gartered plume
moth, larvae on grapevine, June 2; from David Muirhead, Staten
Island N. Y. Same, June 10; from Verplanck Colvin, Albany N.Y.

Phoxopteris nubeculana Clem., apple leaf-folder,
larvae on apple, Sep. 4; from Charles V. Winne, Albany.

Coleophora fletcherella Fern., cigar case-bearer,
larvae, Nov. 1; from F. D. A., Wings Station N. Y.

Coleophora limosipennella Dup., larvae on Scotch
elm, July 18; from Walter W. Hoover, Brooklyn N. Y.

Bueculatrix canadensisella Chamb., birch Buccula-
trix, larvae on birch, Sep. 16; from C. H. Peck, Lake Placid
GAY:

Aspidisea splendoriferella Clem., resplendent shield-
bearer, cocoon on apple, January; through State Dep’t Agric.,
Chautauqua county, N. Y.

Neuroptera

Chrysopa, sp., lace-winged fly, adult, June 10; from Ver-
planck Colvin, Albany N. Y.

Corydalis cornuta Linn., horned corydalis, male, July
10; from J. N. Wright, Grand Gorge N. Y. Same, July 21; from
F. W. Vail, Milton N. Y. Same, July 20; from J. R. Boynton,
Altamont N. Y. Same, Aug. 1; from C. A. Wieting, Cobleskill
N. Y. Same, Sep. 12; from C. E. Chapman, Peruville N. Y.

Hemiptera

Blissus leucopterus Say. chinch bug, adults on rye,
June 18; trom Purley Minturn, Locke N. Y.

Phymata wolffii Stal., ambush bug, adult on pear Sep. 1;
from J. F. Rose, South Byron N. Y.

Stenopoda culiciformis Fabr., adult, August; from
H. H. Ballard, Pittsfield Mass., from the South.

Typhlocyba comes var. vitifex Fitch, grapevine leaf-
hopper, work on grape leaves, June 3; from J. Jay Barden, West-
field N. Y.

Philaenus lineatus Linn., lined spittle hopper, young on
grass, June 18; from L. L. Woodford, Scriba N. Y.

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 175

Ceresa bubalus Fabr., Buffalo tree hopper, eggs in pear
twig, Oct. 25; from L. L. Woodford, Waterport N. Y.

Chionaspis americana Johns., elm scale insect, adult
females on elm, Jan. 16; from J. Jay Barden, Newark N. Y.

Chionaspis furfura Fitch, scurfy bark louse, eggs on
apple, Jan. 6; from C. H. Stewart, Newark N. Y. Same, eggs on
pear, Ap. 19; 0. F. R., Dorchester Mass. Same, on apple, Aug.
23; from W. L. Downing, Oneida N. Y. Same, on pear, Aug. 28;
from J. H. Dodge, Olcott N. Y.

Mytilaspis pémorum Bouché, appletree bark louse,
adults on apple, Mar. 29;from E. R. Hequan, Washington county,
N. Y. Eggs of same on willow, May 23; from S. T. Skidmore,
Kast Hampton N. Y.

Aulacaspis rosae Sandb., rose scale, adults and young
on crimson rambler rose, Oct. 15; from C, W. Calkins, Cobleskill
N. Y. Same, females on raspberry, Oct. 17; from J. F. Mara,
Cornwall N. Y. Same, females on blackberry, Oct. 30; from
Chester Young, New York city. Same, females on rose, Jan. 16;
from J. Jay Barden, Stanley N. Y.

Chrysomphalus aonidum TIinn., young females on
rubber plant, Nov. 30; from L. L. Woodford. Lyndonville N. Y.

Diaspis pentagona Targ.,: West Indian peach scale,
adult females on cherry, Jan. 23; from Chester Young, New York
customhouse N. Y.

Aspidiotus ane ylus Putn., Putnaim’s scale, adult, Oct.
18; from H. C. Peck, Rochester N. Y. Same, young females on
Osage orange, Oct. 29; from P. L. Heusted, Coxsackie N. Y. Same,
adult female on currant, Dec. 13; from C. H. Darrow, Geneva N.Y.
? Same, on ? Acer pennsylvanicum; Ap. 15; from
J. F. Rose, South Byron N. Y. Same, females on Kieffer pear, May
12; from B. D. Van Buren, Albion N. Y. Same, young, second
stage, on willow, May 12; from Chester Young, New York city.

Aspidiotus forbesi Johns., cherry scale insect, female
on apple, Oct. 30; from Chester Young, Westchester Pa. ? Same,
young, second stage, on peach, Ap. 2; from P. L. Heusted, High-
land N. Y.

Aspidiotus hederae Vallot, white scale insect of the ivy,
adults on ivy, Mar. 29; from J. Richards, Sherborn Mass.

176 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Aspidiotus ostreaeformis Curtis, European fruit tree
scale insect, young females on plum, Oct. 25; from C. W. Cole,
Irondequoit N. Y. Same, or ancylus Putn., second stage
young on pear, Oct. 25; from C. W. Cole, Irondequoit N. Y. Same,
young female on plum, Nov. 15; from L. L. Woodford, Lyndonville
N. Y. Same, adult females, young, on lilac, Mar. 15; State Dep’t
Agric., Belgium, Europe. Same, adult female on plum, June 18;
from B. D. Van Buren, Olcott N. Y.

Aspidiotus perniciosus Comst., San José scale, female
on apple, Oct. 28; from B. D. Van Buren, Waterport N. Y. Same,
adults and young, on willow, Mar. 27; from C. L. Allen, Floral
Park L. I. Same, young females on apple, May 5; from J. F.
Johnson, Breakabeen N. Y. Young of same on peach, May 22;
from Louis F. Brown, Washingtonville N. Y. All stages of. same
on apple, Aug. 18; from Emily Thomas, Union Springs N. Y.

Lecanium nigrofasciatum Perg., adults on willow,
Mar. 24; from J. J. Barden, Stanley N. Y.

Lecanium pruinosum Coq., frosted lecanium, eggs on
American elm, May 30; from J. M. Southwick, Providence R. I.

Lecanium ? quercitronis Fitch, adults on ironwood,
June 11; from C. E. Eldridge, Leon N. Y.

Lecanium tulipiferae Cook, tuliptree scale, young on
tuliptree, Jan. 20; from Mrs E. H. Mairs, Irvington N. Y.

Pulvinaria innumerabilis Rathv., cottony mapletree
scale insect, adults on maples, June 11; from C. E. Eldredge, Leon
N. Y. Same, on elm, July 27; from W. T. Ropes, Montclair N. J.

EKriopeltis sp., adults on grass, collected in August 1899;
from C. 0. Houghton, Stark N. Y.

Gossyparia ulmi Geoff., elm bark louse, adults on Amezi-
can elm, May 19; from 0. Q. Flint, Athens N. Y. Same, females
on elm, May 23; from J. M. Southwick, Providence R. I. Same,
females on weeping elm, May 24; from T. C. M., New Dorp N. Y.

Pemphigus populicaulis Fitch, adults on poplar,
June, 23; from W. B. Melius, Albany N. Y.

Phylloxera caryaecaulis Fitch, hickory gall aphid,
galls on leaf stalks of hickory, June 16; from L. L. Woodford,
Madison county. Same, few females and many young on hick-
ory, June 17; from Dr F. W. Seward, Goshen N. Y.

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 LCT

Phylloxera vitifoliae Fitch, galls on Delaware grape-
vines, Sep. 4; from P. L. Heusted, Marlboro N. Y.

Schizoneura americana Riley, elm leaf aphis, adults
on American elm, May 30; from J. M. Southwick, Providence R. I.

Orthoptera

Oecanthus angustipennis Fitch, adult, Sep. 22; from
H. L. Griffis, Newpaltz N. Y.

?Microcentrum retinervis Burm., katydids, eggs on
magnolia twig, Ap. 15; through State Dep’t Agric., Rockland
county. Same, eggs on apple, Nov. 4; from W. L. M., Augusta
county, Va.

Diapheromera femorata Say, walking stick, Oct. 9;
from L. L. Woodford, Berwyn N. Y.

Tenodera sinensis Sauss., Chinese praying mantis, eggs
on imported Japanese maples, ve 12; from P. L. Huested,

Blauvelt N. Y.
Acarina

Trombidium locustarum Riley, locust mite, half
grown young on grasshopper, Sep. 17; from Henry L. Griffis,
Newpaltz N. Y.

Myriapoda

Julus ?caeruleocinectus Wood., young on atrawlerric,

June 24; from C. H. Peck, Menands N. Y.

Vermes
Gordius sp., hair worm on hair snake, coiled in knots in soil,
May 12; from C. E. Eldredge, Leon N. Y.

178 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

EXPLANATION OF PLATES

PLATE 1!
Brown tail moth
Euproctis chrysorrhoea Linn.

Egg mass on the underside of a pear leaf and also ov. twig
Young caterpillars or larvae as they appear in early spring
Half grown and full grown caterpillars

Pupae in portion of a web mass, also a few cast larval skins
Male moth at rest .

Female moth with wings partly extended

Hibernating tents in which the winter is passed

NAA »arwwnv ke

PLATE 2

Tree 114 was sprayed with undiluted petroleum Ap. 11, 1900,
and with a 20% mechanical petroleum emulsion in the spring of
1901 and of 1902. The first application undoubtedly injured the
tree considerably, but under the later treatments it has been re-
covering, as is evidenced by the new twigs shown in the view
taken Mar. 10 and the abundant bloom of May 6.

Tree 66 was treated with a combination of whale oil soap and
crude petroleum in April 1900 and with 25% and 20% mechanical
crude petroleum emulsion in the springs of 1901 and 1902 re-
spectively. It was severely cut back in 1901, and the recent
growth gives no indication of weakness.

PLATE 3

Tree 101 was sprayed with undiluted crude petroleum in April
1900 and severely injured. The following spring it was treated
with a combination of whale oil soap and petroleum and in the
spring of 1902 with a 20% mechanical emulsion. It has developed
a large amount of vigorous new wood.

Tree 69 was treated with a combination of whale oil soap and
crude petroleum in April 1900, and with 25¢ and 204 mechanical
crude petroleum emulsion respectively in the spring of 1901 and
1902. The vigorous growth under this treatment is very apparent.

1Executed from nature under the author’s direction by L. H. Joutel.

REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 179

PLATE 4

Tree 4 was sprayed with the lime, salt and sulfur mixture in
the spring of 1902 with no indication of injury to the bloom.

Tree 113 was treated in April 1900 with a mixture of whale
oil soap and crude petroleum and the two following springs with
a 20% mechanical crude petroleum emulsion. There is no sign of
injury, and the profuse bloom shows that the buds were not
harmed.

PLATE 5

Trees 41 and 47 have been sprayed three springs in succession
with a 20% mechanical crude petroleum emulsion, except that in
the case of the former a 25 ¢ emulsion was applied in 1901. Little
or no injury has resulted, and the somewhat abundant bloom
shows that the buds were not affected to any extent.

PLATE 6

1 Work of willow and poplar curculio, Cryptorhynchus
lapathi Linn.

2 Nun moth, Psilura monacha Linn; slightly enlarged.

3 Birch leaf Bucculatrix, Bucculatrix canadensi-
sella Chamb., a, skeletonized leaf; 6, molting cocoon; ¢, larva;
d, head of larva; e, anal segments of larva; f, same of pupa; g,
cocoon with extruded pupal skin; h, moth — all enlarged. (From
Insect Life)

Plate 1

a

L. H. Joutel, 1902
Brown-tail moth

Plate 2

&
ee.

Photo March 10

Bartlett pear

Tree 66

Photo May 6
Seckel pear

THREE YEARS OF CRUDE PETROLEUM

Photo March 10 Tree 114

Seckel pear

Tree 114

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Plate 5

Photo May 6

Old Mixon peach

Tree 47

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Crawford peach

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THREE YEARS OF CRUDI

Birch Bucculatrix

Nun moth

Willow and poplar curculio

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LING aos

Acanthia lectularia, 125,165. Appletree, insects injurious to: (cont'd)
Acarina, contributions of, 177. Carpocapsa jpomonella, 119, 120,
acericola, Phenacoccus, 164. 145, 150.

aceris, Pseudococcus, 164. Clisiocampa americana, 104, 144, 145,
Acknowledgments, 93. | 146, 147, 148, 150, 151, 152, 166.
Adalia bipunctata, 164. Clisiocampa disstria, 104-5, 146, 147,

Agrilus sinuatus, 122. 143) loi lols
Alaus oculatus 166. Hyphantria textor, 89, 109, 145, 147
YI ,
Albany, white marked tussock moth in, 149, 150, 152.
109; black banded Lecanium in, Mytilaspis pomorum, 123, 144, 162.
110. me Notolophus antiqua, 144-45.
Albany county, elm leaf beetle in, 108. Psilura monacha, 111-13, 118.
Alders, Euvanessa antiopa injuring Saperda candida, 165.
148. _ Appletree bark louse, 123, 144, 162.
wz: Aletia argillacea, 119, 121. Appletree borer, round-headed, 165.
alutacea, Magdalis, 164. Appletree tent caterpillar, 104, 144, 145,
Alysia api, 102. 146, 147, 148, 150, 151, 152, 166.
americana, c Clisiocampa, see Clisio- | Aquatic insects, investigations on, 91.
campa americana. Aquatic Insects in New York State, 92.
americana, Periplaneta, 125. Aquatic Insects of the Adirondacks, 92,
_e> Anarsia lineatella, 165. 163.
f Anasa tristis, 147, 165. | Aquatic Insects of the Saranac Region,
anceylus, Aspidiotus, 162. 92, 167.
_-=>Anisota senatoria, 164. arctica, Xylophasia, 123.
Annandale, elm leaf beetle in, 108. arcuatum, Ophion, 163.
Anomala lucicola, 164. _ argillacea, Aletia, 119, 121.
Ant. little red 124 _ argus, Chelymorphus, 150.
- ) é ? 2 ; . .
Anthonomus grandis, 117, 121. SEB. rospila, Cacoecia, 164.
Anthrenus serophulariae, 118, 124,164 — armuger, Heliothis, 107, 121.
antiopa, Huvanessa, 148, 163, 165. _ Arsenate of lead, spraying with, 98.
antiqua, Notolophus, 144-45. | asparagi, Crioceris, see Crioceris as-
Aphis, apple, 123. paragi.
cherry, 123 _ Asparagus beetle, common, 118, 123,
ofS) . | 2
currant, 148. | 146, 150, 169.
grain, 121. 12 spotted, 118, 123.
hopvine, 166. Aspidiotus, 162.
Aphis brassicae, 123. | ancylus, 162.
mali, 123. camelliae, 123.
Aphrophora paralella, 167. forbesi, 162.
apii, Alysia, 102 hederae, 162, 165.
b rd ‘J es ii ne -
appendiculatum, Ophion, 163. ostreaeformis, 118, 122, 162.
Apple aphis, 123. perniciosus, 114, 117, 120, 151, 162,
Apple leaf Bucculatrix, 105.9 164, 165, 166, 168, 169.
Appletree, insects injurious to: Asterolecanium variolosum, 124.

Bucculatrix pomifoliella, 105 Attagenus piceus, 118, 124, 164.

132 NEW YORK
Aulacaspis rosae, 123, 169.
Australian ladybug, 126.

Bag worm, 163, 166.
balsameus, Tomicus, 164.
Baltimore oriole, 98.
Bark borers, 90, 126, 169.
Bark louse, see Appletree bark louse.
Basket worm, 163.
Bats, 98.
Bean weevil, 124.
Bed bug, 125, 165. |
Beech, looper caterpillar injuring, 144. |
bellus, Novius, 126.
Beneficial species, 114-16, 125-26.
Betten, Cornelius, investigations on
aquatic insects, 163.
betulae, Cecidomyia, 124.
bimaculata, Oberea, 106.
bipunctata, Adalia, 164.
Birch, insects injurious to:
Bucculatrix canadensisella, 90, 113.
Psilura monacha, 111-13, 118.
Birch leaf Bucculatrix, 90, 1138.
explanation of plate, 179.
Birch seed midge, 124.
biselliella, Tineola, 113-14, 124.
bivulnerus, Chilocorus, 115.
Black carpet beetles, 118, 124, 164.
Black ladybug, 126.§
Black scale, 120, 125.
Blackberry canes, insects injurious to:
Oberea bimaculata, 106.
Phorbia rubivora, 105-6.
Blastophaga grossorum, 125.
Bluebird, 98.
Bluejay, 98.
Bollworm, 107, 121.
Bordeaux mixture, 160.
borealis, Dibolia, 148.
Boynton, M. F., resignation, 90.
brassicae, Aphis, 123.
Phorbia, 121-22, 149.
Brook trout. insect food, 92.
Brown tail moth, 94-99, 117, 118, 120;
bibliography, 99; description, 95-
96; distribution, 94-95; natural
enemies, 97-98; food plants, 97;
babits of the caterpillars, 96-97;
irritation caused by the hairs, 97;

|

STATE MUSEUM

not in New York, 94; parasites, 97;
remedial measures, 98; explana-
tion of plates, 178-79.

| Bruchus obtectus, 124.

pisi, 107-8, 124.0 &

_ Bryobia pratensis, 106-7.
se» Bucculatrix canadensisella, 90, 113.

explanation of plate, 179.

= pomifoliella, 105.
_ Bud moth, 105, 122, 146, 147.

| Buffalo, white marked tussock moth in,

£09:

| Buffalo carpet beetles, 118, 124, 164.

Butternut tree, insects injurious to:
Datana integerrima, 113, 147.
spittle insects, 149.

Cabbage, insects injurious to:
cutworms, 145, 149-50.
Evergestis stramenalis, 149.
Phorbia brassicae, 121-22, 149.
Pieris rapae, 123, 147, 149, 150, 151,

152.
Cabbage aphis, 123.
Cabbage butterfly, 123, 149.

| Cabbage maggot, 121-22, 149.

Cabbage webworm, imported, 123.
Cabbage worm, 123, 150, 151, 152.
black headed, 149.

green, 147.

<== Cacoecia argyrospila, 164.8

cacographus, Tomicus, 164.%
Caddis flies, 167.
Calandra granaria,} 124.

oryzae, 124.
calearata, Saperda, 165.
ealligraphus, Tomicus, 161, 164.

_ Cambridge Mass., brown tail moth{in,

95.
camelliae, Aspidiotus, 123.
canadensisella, Bucculatrix, 90, 113,
179.
candida, Saperda, 165.
Cankerworm, 145, 152..
Carbolic soap wash, 111.

Carbon bisulfid, 108.

Cardinal ladybug, 126.

cardinalis, Novius, 125, 126.

Carpet beetles, black, 118, 124, 164.
Buffalo, 118, 124, 164.

INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902

--—= Carpocapsa pomonella, 119, 120, 145,
150.

Carrot rust fly, 90, 99-103, 123, 165,
169; celery roots infested with, 99;
description, 101-2; distribution,
100-1; natural enemies, 102; intro-
duction and injuries in America,
99-100; life history, 101;

remedial measures: 102-3;
erude carbolic acid, 102; destruc-
tion of the insect in stored roots,
103; fall cultivation, 103; kerosene
emulsion, 102; late sowing, 100,
102; rotation of crops, 103.

Case-bearer, 118, 122.

cigar, 161.

Cattaraugus county, summary of vol-
untary reports from, 144-45.

Caulfield, F’. B., cited, 100.

Cauliflowers, Phorbia brassicae tmjur-
ing, 121-22, 149.

Cecidomyia betulae, 124.

destructor, 107, 118, 119, 121, 146,
147, 164, 165, 169.

Celery, Psila rosae injuring,
103; 123.

celtidis-mamma, Pachypsylla, 161.

Cenopis diluticostana, 165, 169.

ceparum, Phorbia, 123.

Cephus pygmaeus, 122.

cerasi, Myzus, 123, 151.

Chalcophora liberta, 164.

virginiensis, 164.

90, 99-

Chautauqua county, walnut worm in,
113.
Chautauqua grape belt, 91
Chelymorphus argus, 150.
Chemung county, summary of volun-
tary reports from, 145.
Chermes pinicorticis, 164.
strobilobius, 124.
Cherry aphis, 123.
Cherry scale insect, 162.
Cherry slug, 123.
Cherrytree, insects injurious to:
Hyphantria textor, 89, 109, 145, 147,
149, 150, 152.
Macrodactylus subspinosus, 148, 149.
Myzus cerasi, 123, 151.
plant lice, 150, 151, 152.

183

Cherrytree, wild, Clisiocampa ameri-
cana injuring, 104, 144, 145, 146,
147, 148, 150, 151, 152.

Chickadees, 98.

Chilocorus bivulnerus, 115.

similis, 91, 114-15, 125, 126.

Chinese ladybug, 91, 114-15, 125, 126.

Chinese praying mantis, 116, 126.

Chionaspis furfura, 162, 166.

| Chironomidae, 91, 92.

Chittenden, F. H., cited, 100, 101, 103.

_ Chlorops, 167.

prolific, 123.

Chlorops variceps, 123.

chrysorrhoea, Euproctis, see Brown
tail moth.

Cicada, 17 year, 113, 151, 161, 165.

Cicada-killer, 104, 165.

Cicada septendecim,
165.

Cigar case-bearer, 161.

Cincindela punctulata, 104.

citricola, Mytilaspis, 128.

113¢ US Tenens

Citrus fruit, Icerya purchasi injuring,
120, 128, 125.

claripennis, Euphorocera, 97.

Clerus formicarius, 126,

-Clioscampa americana, 104, 144, 145,

146, 147, 148,F150, 151, 152, 166.

we disstria, 104-5, 146, 147, 148, 151,

152, 164, 165, 166, 169.
Clothes moth, case-making, 124.
southern, 113-14, 124.
webbing, 113-14.
Clover hay worm, 123.
Clover leaf weevil, 123.

' Clover mite, 106-7.

Clover root borer, 123.
Coccidae, 162.
Cockroach, 125.
American, 125.
Codling moth, 119, 120, 145, 150.

—= Coleophora fletcherella, 161.
~~ limosipennella, 118, 122.
~~ malivorella, 148.

Coleoptera, work on, 93; contributions
of, 170-71.

Coleoptera taken at Newport, Herki-
mer county, N. Y., by D. B.
Young, 153-61.

184

Collections of insects, 92-93; contribu-
tions to, 170-77.

Colorado potato beetle, 144, 145, 147,
148, 149, 150, 151, 152.

Columbia county, forest tent cater-
pillar in, 104.

Comstock, J. H., acknowledgments to,
93.

confusor, Monohammus, 164.

Conotrachelus nenuphar, 150, 151.

Corn, Heliothis armiger injuring, 107,
121.

Corn worm, 107, 121.

Cornstall borer, 123.

Correspondence, 90.

costalis, Pyralis, 123.

Cotton, introduced species affecting,
121-22;

insects injurious to:

Aletia argillacea, 119, 121.
Anthonomus grandis, 117, 121.
Heliothis armiger, 107, 121.

Cotton boll weevil, 117, 121.

Cotton worm, 119, 121.

Cottonwood leaf beetle, 165.

Cottonwood tree, Lina scripta injuring,

165.

Cottony mapletree scale insect, 144,
145, 165.

eresphontes, Heraclides, 165.

Crioceris asparagi, 118, 123, 146, 150,
169.

12-punctata, 118, 123.

Croton bug, 125.

Crow, 98.

cruciferarum, Plutella, 123.

Crude petroleum, see Petroleum.

Cryptorhynchus lapathi, 110-11, 122.
explanation of plate, 179.

Cuckoo, black-billed, 98.

Cucumber, Diabrotica vittata injuring,

147, 148, 151.

Cucumber beetles, striped, 147, 148, |

151.

cucumeris, Epitrix, 151, 152.

cunea, Hyphantria, see Hyphantria
cunea.

Curculio, poplar and willow, 110-11, —

122.
explanation of plate, 179.

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Currant aphis, 148.

Currant bushes, insects injurious to:
Poecilocapsus lineatus, 149.
Pteronus ribesii, 123, 145, 146, 148,

149, 151, 152.

Currant sawfly, 123, 145, 146, 148.

Currant stem borer, 123.

Currant worms, 146, 149, 151, 152.

Curtis, cited, 101, 102.

Cutworms, 145, 149-50.
variegated, 123.

cyanea, Scutellista, 125.

Damsel flies, 92.

. Datana integerrima, 113, 147.

Davis, C. E., cited, 99.
Dendroctonus terebrans, 164.
Dermestes lardarius, 124.
destructor, Cecidomyia, see
myia destructor.
Diabrotica vittata, 147, 148, 151.
Diaspis pentagona, 117, 122.

Cecido-

weeDiatraea saccharalis, 123.

Dibolia borealis, 148.

Diglochis omnivora, 97.

diluticostana, Cenopis, 165, 169.

Diplosis pyrivora, 122.

tritici, 119.

Diptera, 163, 167;
171-72.

Disonycha triangularis, 148.

dispar, Porthetria, see Porthetria dis-
par.

dispar, Xyleborus, 123.

disstria, Clislocampa, see Clisiocampa
disstria.

Domestic animals, insects affecting, 124.

domestica, Musca, 125.

Donacia, 92.

Doryphora 10-lineata, 144, 145, 146,
147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152.

Dragon flies, 167.

Dutchess county, forest tent caterpillar
in, 105; elm leaf beetle in, 108;

voluntary reports

contributions of,

summary of
from, 145-46.

Dying white pines, 161.

Eastern New York Horticultural So-
ciety, report of the committee on
insects, 164, 169; report on insects
for 1901, 165.

INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 185

Elm, insects injurious to: 163.
Coleophora limosipennella, 118, 122.
Disonycha triangularis, 148.
EKuvanessa antiopa, 148, 163, 165.
Galerucella luteola, 89, 92, 108-9,

117, 118, 120, 121, 145, 146, 163,
164, 165, 167, 168, 169.
Gossyparia ulmi, 117, 118, 124, 163,
166.
Macrodactylus subspinosus, 148, 149.
Saperda tridentata, 163.
?Tetralopha, 150.

Elm bark louse, 117, 118, 124, 163, 166.

Elm borer, 163.

Elm caterpillar, spiny, 148, 163, 165.

Elm flea beetle, 148.

Elm leaf beetle, 89, 108-9, 117, 118,
121, 145, 146, 163, 164, 165, 167,
168, 169.

Elm Leaf Beetle in New York State, 92.

English sparrow, 98.

Entedon epigonus, 125.

Entomologist, 17th Report of, 92.

Entomology and entomologists in New
York State, 163.

ephemeraeformis, Thyridopteryx, 163,
166.

Ephemeridae, 163, 167.

~~ Ephestia kuehniella, 124.

epigonus, Entedon, 125.

Epitrix cucumeris, 151, 152.

erichsonii, Lygaeonematus, 124.

Fern, soft scale on, 164.

Fernald, C. H., cited,94, 95, 96,97, 98, 99.

Fernow, B. E., on nun moth, 112.

Fidia viticida, 91, 165, 166, 167, 169.

Fig insect, 125.

Fir, Psilura monacha injuring, 111-13,
118.

_ Fish flies, 167.

Fitch, Asa, cited, 119.

Flea beetles, 151, 152.

Fletcher, Dr, mentioned, 99.
cited, 100, 102, 108.

fletcherella, Coleophora, 161.

Flies, 167.

Fluted scale, 120, 123, 125; parasite,

125.

_ Forbes, Dr, cited, 119.
| forbesi, Aspidiotus, 162.
| Forbush, E. H., cited, 98, 99.

Erie county, summary of voluntary |

reperts from, 146.
Eriocampoides limacina, 123.
Euphorocera claripennis, 97.
-——Euproctis chrysorrhoea, see Brown tail
moth.
Furopean fruit tree scale insect, 118,
122, 162.
European praying mantis, 115, 126,
148, 150, 169.
European willow gall midge, 124.
——Euvanessa antiopa, 148, 163, 165.
Everett Mass., brown tail moth in, 95,
_—-Evergestis stramenalis, 149.

Fall webworm, 89, 109, 145, 147, 149,
150, 152, 163, 166.
Faunal studies, 153-61.

Forest tent caterpillar, 104-5, 146, 147,
148, 151, 152, 164, 165. 166, 169.

Forest trees, insects injurious to, 91, 92,
110-13, 150, 164, 169; introduced
species affecting, 124.

formicarius, Clerus, 126.

Franck, George, report on nun moth,
111.

Fruit tree bark beetle, 123, 164, 165.

Fruit trees, Euproctis chrysorrhoea in-
juring, 94-99; injurious insects,
104-5, 169; introduced species
affecting, 120, 122-23.

Fumigation, 165.

| furfura, Chionaspis, 162, 166.

| Furneaux, cited, 112.

|
|

fusea, Lachnosterna ?, 166.
fusiceps, Phorbia, 123.

Galerucella luteola, 89, 92, 108-9, 117,
118, 120, 121, 145, 146, 163, 164,
165, 167, 168, 169.

Garden insects, 169.

| Gartered plume moth, 166.
| Genesee county, appletree tent cater-

pillar in, 104; bud moth in, 105;
fall webworm in, 109; walnut
worm in, 113; summary of volun-
tary reports from, 146-47.

Geraniums, Macrodactylus subspino-
sus injuring, 148, 149.

186

germanica, Phyllodromia, 125,
Giant swallowtail, 165.

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

Hackberry gall, 161.

_ Haematobia serrata, 124, 145, 149

Gillette, C. P., experiments for con- | Hag moth caterpillar, 168.

trolling clover mite, 106.

165.
Glyptocelis hirtus, 164.
pubescens, 164.
Golden oak scale insect, 124.

| Hamilton N. Y., raspberry cane mag-
Gipsy moth, 111, 116-17, 118, 120, 164, |

4% got in, 106.

| Harlequin cabbage bug, 117, 123.
| Harvey, F. L., cited, 99.

hebe, Phaeogenes, 97.
| hederae, Aspidiotus, 162, 165.

Good’s caustic potash whale oil soap~-Heliothis armiger, 107, 12].

no. 3, 129-30.
Good’s tobacco whale oil soap no. 6,
130-31.
Good’s whale oil soap no. 3, 138-39.
Gooseberries, Pteronus ribesii injuring,

| Hellula undalis, 123.
_ Hemiptera, contributions of, 174-77.

Hen lice, 165. -
Henderson, Peter, cited, 122.
eraclides cresphontes, 165.

123, 145, 146, 148, 149, 151, 152. Herkimer county, forest tent cater-

Gossyparia ulmi, 117, 118, 124, 163, |

166.

Grain, insects injuring, 106-8; intro- |

duced species affecting, 121.

Grain aphis, 121.

Grain louse, 121.

graminum, Toxoptera, 121.

granaria, Calandra, 124.

granaria, Nectarophora, 121.

grandis, Anthonomus, 117, 121.

Granger, James, celery roots received
from, 99.

Grape leaf curler, 152.

Grapevine, insects injurious to:

Fidia viticida, 91, 165, 166, 167, 169.
Pelidnota punctata, 147.
Typhlocyba, 152.

Grapevine beetle, spotted, 147.

Grapevine plume moth, 152.

Grapevine root worm, 91, 92, 165, 166,
167, 169.

Grass, insects injurious to: 106-8.

Ptyelus lineatus, 167.

Grasshoppers, 145, 148, 149, 151.

Graves, George S., report on praying
mantis, 115.

Gravesville, forest tent caterpillar in,
105.

Greedy scale insect, 123.

Greene county, forest tent caterpillar
in, 104; summary of voluntary
reports from, 148.

Grosbeak, rose-breasted, 98.

grossorum, Blastophaga, 125.

| Highlands,

pillar in, 105; summary of volun-
tary reports from, 148-49; list of
Coleoptera taken at, 153-61.
hesperidum, Lecanium, 164.
Hessian fly, 107, 118, 119, 121, 146,
147, 164, 165, 169.

| Hessian fly parasite, 125.

Hickory, Scolvtus 4-spinosus injuring,
164, 165, 169.

Hickory bark borer, 164, 165, 169.

experiments at, 135-36,

141-42.

hirtus, Glyptocelis, 164.

_histrionica, Murgantia, 117, 123.

Hitchcock, W. C., report on praying
mantis, 115.

| Hop plant louse, 121, 166.
-Hopvine, Phorodon humuli injuring,

121, 166.
Hopvine aphis, 121, 166.

| Horn fly, 124, 145, 149.
_ Horse-chestnuts,

Notolophus leucos-
tigma injuring, 89, 109.

| Horseflies, 149.

| House fly, 125.

| Household insects, 113-14, 124.

' Howard, L. O., acknowledgments to,

93; cited, 111; on southern clothes
moth, 114.

| Hudson Mass., brown tail moth in, 94.

Huested, P. L., mentioned, 137.

~humuli, Phorodon, 121, 166.
Hydrangeas, Macrodactylus subspin-

Osus injuring, 148, 149.

-e- textor, 89, 109, 145, 147, 149, 150

INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902

Hydrocyanic acid gas, 165.

Hylastes trifolii, 123.

Hymenoptera, 163; contributions of,
170.

= Hyphantria cunea, 89, 109, 145, 147,

149, 150, 152, 163, 166.
152, 166.

Icerya purchasi, 120, 123, 125.

iceryae, Lestophonus, 125.

ignota, Monostegia, 152.

Importance of injurious insects intro- |

duced from abroad, 116-26.
Indian meal worm, 124.
Indigo bird, 98.
innumerabilis,
165.
Insect pests and plant diseases, 166.
Insects in New York, 166, 167.
integerrima, Datana, 113, 147.
interpunctella, Plodia, 124.
Introduced species, 116-26.
Ironwood tree, Lecanium ? quercitron-
is Injuring, 144.
Ithaca, elm leaf beetle in, 109.
Ivory soap, 164.
Ivy, Aspidiotus hederae injuring, 162.

Pulvinaria, 144, 145

bs

Jassidae, 167.

Johannsen, O. A., report on Chirono-
midae, 91.

Joutel, L. H., and entomologist, mono-
graph prepared by, 92: cited,
116.

June beetles, 151.

Karner, species found at, 92, 103-4.

Katydid eggs, 162.

Kerosene, 102, 106, 126, 162, 164.

Kimberly, J. S., on Phorbia rubivora,
106.

Kirkland, A. H., cited, 94, 95, 96, 98,
99.

Kittery Me., brown tail moth in, 95.

Klippart, J. H., cited, 119.

koebelei, Novius, 126.

kuehniella, Ephestia, 124.

Lachnosterna sp., 147, 151.
°fusea, 166.

187

Ladybug, Australian, 125, 126.
black, 126.
cardinal, 126.
Chinese, 91, 114-15, 125, 126.
twice-stabbed, 115.
two spotted, 164.
Lantern slides, added to collection, 90.
lapathi, Cryptorhynchus, 110-11, 122,
179.
Larch aphis, woolly, 124.
Larch sawfly, 124.
lardarius, Dermestes, 124.
Larder beetle, 124.
Laurent, Philip, cited, 116.
Leaf bugs, four lined, 149.
Leaf hoppers, 152.
Lecanium, black banded, 89, 110, 164.
Lecanium hesperidum, 164.
nigrofasciatum, 89-90, 110, 164.
oleae, 120, 125.
? quercitronis, 144.
lecontei, Magdalis, 164.
lectularius, Acanthia, 125, 165.
Lemons, Lecanium oleae injuring, 120,
125.
Leopard moth, 117, 118, 121, 165.
Lepidoptera, arranging, 93; contribu-
tions of, 172-74.
Lestophonus iceryae, 125.
leucostigma, Notolophus, 89, 109, 165.
liberta, Chalcophora, 164.
Liebeck, Charles, acknowledgments
to, 153.
limacina, Eriocampoides, 123.

| Lime, 163.

Lime, salt and sulphur mixture, 139-
41, 148.

_ limosipennella, Coleophora, 118, 122.

Limothrips poaphagus, 167.

Lina scripta, 165.

lineatella, Anarsia, 165.

lineatus, Philaenus, 167.

lineatus, Poecilocapsus, 149.

lineatus, Ptyelus, 167.

Linseed oil, 131.

Livingston county, summary of volun-
tary reports from, 149.

Locust, 151.

Locust borer, 164, 165.

Locust egg anthomyian, 123.

188

Looper caterpillar, 144.
lucicola, Anomala, 164.
Lucilia macellaria, 124.
luteola, Galerucella,
luteola.
Lygaeonematus erichsoni, 124.

see Galerucella

macellaria, Lucilia, 124.

Macrodactylus subspinosus, 148, 149.

Magdalis alutacea, 164.

lecontei, 164.

Mailing list increased, 90.

Malden Mass., brown tail moth in, 95.

mali, Aphis, 123.

malivorella, Coleophora, 148.
-==="-Mamestra trifolii, 123.

NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

| Musca domestica, 125.

Myriapoda, contributions of, 177.

| Myrick, cited, 112.

Mytilaspis citricola, 123.
pomorum, 123, 144, 162, 165.

| Myzus cerasi, 123, 151.

ribis, 148.

| Nectarophora granaria, 121.

| Needham, J. G.,

pisi, 122.

investigations on
aquatic insects, 91, 92, 163.

nenuphar, Conotrachelus, 150, 151.

Nepean Ont., carrot rust fly in, 100.

_ Neuroptera, 163, 167; contributions of,

Mantis religiosa, 115, 126, 148, 150, |

169.
Maple, insects injurious to:

174.
New Brunswick, carrot rust fly in, 100.

_ New York city, Chinese praying man-

Clisiocampa disstria, 104-5, 146, 147, |

148, 151, 152.
looper caterpillar, 144.
Pulvinaria innumerabilis, 144, 165.
Tetralopha, 150.
Maple, soft, insects injurious to:
Lecanium nigrofasciatum, 89-90,
110.
Zeuzera pyrina, 117, 118, 121.
Marlatt, C. L., cited, 106, 119; personal
investigations on natural enemies
of San José seale, 114; on southern
clothes moth, 114.
May beetles, 147, 151, 166.
May flies, 167.
Medford Mass., brown tail moth in, 95.
Mediterranean flour moth, 124.
.«eMellitia satyriniformis, 147.
Meromyza, 167.
Microcentrum retinervis, 162.
Midges, 92.
monacha, Psilura, 111-13, 118.
explanation of plate, 179.
Monohammus confusor, 164.
scutellatus, 164.
titillator, 164.
Monomorium pharaonis, 124.
Monostegia ignota, 152.
Mosquitos, 147, 167; investigation of,
91; collection, 93.
Murgantia histrionica, 117, 123.

tis in vicinity of, 116.

Newport N. Y., collecting at, 92;
forest tent caterpillar in, 105; list
of Coleoptera taken at, 153-61.

nigrofasciatum, Lecanium, 89-90, 110,
164.

Notes for the year, 103-16.

= ~Notolophus ? antiqua, 144-45.
«owe leucostigma, 89, 109, 165.

Novius bellus, 126.
eardinalis, 125, 126.
koebelei, 126.

Nun moth, 111-13, 118.
explanation of plate, 179.

Oak. Psilura monacha injuring, 111-13,
118.

Oberea bimaculata, 106.

_ obtectus, Bruchus, 124.

ocellana, Tmetocera, see ‘Tmetocera

ocellana.

' oculatus, Alaus, 166.
| Odonata, 163, 167.

Odonata-Zygoptera, 92.
Office, new quarters, 93.
Office force, changes in, 90-91.

| Office work, 90-91.
' oleae, Lecanium, 120, 125.

omnivora, Diglochis, 97.
Onion maggot, 123.

| Onion thrips, 166.
| Ontario, carrot rust fly in, 100.

INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902 189

Ontario county, summary of voluntary | pentagona, Diaspis, 117, 122.

reports from, 149, 150. = Peridroma saucia, 123.
Ophion appendiculatum, 163. ' Periplaneta americana, 125.
arcuatum, 163. orientalis, 125.
Orange bark louse, 123. periscelidactylus, Oxyptilus, 152, 166.

Orange county, fall webworm in, 89, | Perlidae, study of, 91.
109; summary of reports from, — perniciosus, Aspidiotus, see Aspidiotus

150. perniciosus. :
Orange tree, Lecanium oleae injuring, | Petroleum, crude, 162, 164.

120, 125. Petroleum emulsion, 107, 126, 127-29,
orientalis, Periplaneta, 125. | 131-38, 143.
Ormerod, Miss, cited, 101. Phaeogenes hebe, 97.
Orthoptera, contributions of, 177. | pharaonis, Monomorium, 124.
oryzae, Calandra, 124. _ Phenacoccus acericola, 164.
ostreaeformis, Aspidiotus, 118,122,162. | Philadelphia, Chinese praying mantis

Owl beetle, 166. in, 116.
== Oxyptilus periscelidactylus, 152, 166. | Philaenus lineatus, 167.
wemPhobetron pithecium, 168.

Pachypsylla celtidis:mamma, 161, Phorbia brassicae, 121-22, 149.
Packard, cited, 119. | ceparum, 123.
Palmer worm, 146, 164. - fusiceps, 123.
Pan-American exposition, collection Tubivora, 105-6.
prepared for exhibition at, 93; ~ Phorodon humuli, 121, 166.
entomologic exhibit, 169. | Phyllodromia germanica, 125.
paralella, Aphrophora, 167. | Phytonomus punctatus, 123.
Paris green, spraying with, 98. | piceus, Attagenus,118, 124, 164.
Pea aphis, 122. «#Pieris rapae, 123, 147, 149, 150, 151,
Pea weevil, 107-8, 124. | 152.
Peach scale insect, 117, 122. | Pine, insects injurious to:
Peach twig moth, 165. Aphrophora paralella, 167.
Peachtree, insects injurious to: | Psilura monacha, 111-13, 118.
Anarsia lineatella, 165. _ Pine, white, Tomicus calligraphus injur-
Bryobia pratensis, 106-7. ing, 161, 164.
Diaspis pentagona, 117, 122. pini, Tomicus, 164.
Pear blight beetle, 123. | pinicorticis, Chermes, 164.
Pear borer, 122. | pisi, Bruchus, 107-8,124. *
Pear midge, 122. pisi, Nectarophora, 122.
Pear psylla, 117, 120. Pissodes strobi, 164.
Pear slug, 123. _ Pistol case-bearer, 148.
Peartree, insects injurious to: _ pithecium, Phobetron, 168.
Agrilus sinuatus, 122. | Plant lice, 150, 151, 152.
Euproctis chrysorrhoea, 94-99, 117, | Plantain, Dibolia borealis injuring,
118, 120. | 148.
Psylla pyricola, 117, 120. Plates, explanation of, 178-79.
Peas, insects injurious to: | Plecoptera, 163, 167.
Bruchus pisi, 107-8, 124. ~<Plodia interpunctella, 124.
Nectarophora pisi, 122.’ | Plum curculio, 150, 151.

|
Peck, C. H., cited, 113. | Plumtrees, Macrodactylus subspinosus
Pelidnota punctata, 147. | injuring, 148, 149.
pellionella, Tinea, 124. ~~ Plutella cruciferarum, 123.

190 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM

poaphagus, Limothrips, 167.

| pyrina, Zeuzera, see Zeuzera pyrina.
Podisus serieventris, 98.

| pyrivora, Diplosis, 122. 4

Poecilocapsus lineatus, 149.
Polyphylla variolosa, 104.
pometellus, Ypsolophus, 146, 164.
pomifoliella, Bucculatrix, 105.

pomonella, Carpocapsa, see Carpo-
capsa pomonella.
pomorum, Mytilaspis, 123, 144, 162,
165.
Poplar, insects injurious to:
Cryptorhynchus lapathi, 110-11,

122.
Saperda calcarata, 165,
Poplar borer, 165.
Poplar curculio, 110-11, 122.
explanation of plate, 179.

—<Porthetria dispar, 111, 116-17, 118,

120, 164, 165.

Potato beetles, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148,
149, 150, 151, 152.

Potatoes, insects injurious to:
Diabrotica vittata, 147,148, 151.
Doryphora 10-lineata, 144, 145, 146,

147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152.
Epitrix cucumeris, 151, 152.

pratensis, Bryobia, 106-7.

Praying mantis, see Chinese praying
mantis; European praying mantis.

Prionoxystus robiniae, 164, 165.

Pseudococcus aceris, 164.

Psila rosae, see Carrot rust fly.

Psilura monacha, 111—13, 118.
explanation of plate, 179.

Psylla pyricola, 117, 120.

Pteronus ribesii, 123, 145, 146, 148,

149, 151, 152.

Ptyelus lineatus, 167.

pubescens, Glyptocelis, 164.

Publications, 91-92, 161-69; apprecia-
tion of, 90.

Pulvinaria innumerabilis, 144, 145, 165.

punctata, Pelidnota, 147.

punctatus, Phytonomus, 123.

punctulata, Cincindela, 104.

purchasi, Icerya, 120, 123, 125.

Putnam’s scale insect, 162.

pygmaeus, Cephus, 122.

~—=Pyralis costalis, 123.

pyricola, Psylla, 117, 120.

' Quarantine on eastern coast, 118.

Quebec, carrot rust fly in, 100.

Queens county, summary of reports
from, 150.

quercitronis, Lecanium, 144.

Radish, Phorbia brassicae
121-22, 149.
rapae, Pieris, see Pieris rapae.
Raspberry bush, insects injurious to:
Macrodactylus subspinosus, 148, 149.
Oberea bimaculata, 106.
Phorbia rubivora, 105-6.
Raspberry bush, red, Epitrix *ucu-
meris injuring, 151, 152.
Raspberry cane-girdler, 106.
Raspberry cane maggot, 105-6.
Red ant, little, 124.
Redstart, 98.
religiosa, Mantis, see Mantis religiosa.
Remedies and preventives for:
apple leaf Bucculatrix, 105.
appletree bark louse, 165.
asparagus beetle, 169.
bagworms, 166.
bed bugs, 165.
brown tail moth, 98.
bud moth, 105.
carpet beetle, black, 164.
carpet beetle, Buffalo, 164.
carrot rust fly, 102-3.
Chinese ladybug, twice-stabbed, 114.
cicada, 17 year, 161.
clover mite, 106.
elm leaf beetle, 108, 163, 168.
forest tent caterpillar, 164, 165.
fruit tree bark beetle, 164.
gipsy moth, 164.
grapevine root worm, 166, 167.
hen lice, 165.
hickory bark borer, 164.
hopvine aphis, 166.
palmer worm, 164.
pea weevil, 108.
poplar curculio, 110-11.
San José scale, 126-43, 164, 165, 168,
169.
scale, soft, on fern, 164.

injuring,

INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902

Remedies and preventives for: (cont’d)
tussock moth, white marked, 165.
white scale, 165.
willow curculio, 110-11.

Remedies and preventives for insect |

depredations:
arsenate of lead, 98.
arsenical poison, 105.
bordeaux mixture, 163.
carbolic soap wash, 111.
carbon bisulfid, 108.
hydrocyanic acid gas, 165.
ivory soap, 164.
kerosene, 102, 106, 126, 162, 164.
lime, 163.

41, 143.

linseed oil, 131.

paris green, 98.

petroleum, crude, 162, 164.

191

Rosebushes, insects injurious to:
Aulacaspis rosae, 123.
leaf hoppers, 152.
Macrodactylus subspinosus, 148, 149.
thrips, 152.

rubivora, Phorbia, 105-6.

rugulosus, Scolytus, 123, 164, 165.

_ saccharalis, Diatraea, 123.
| sagittatus, Xylotrechus, 164.
| salicis, Rhabdophaga, 124.

San José scale, 114, 117, 120, 151, 162,
164, 165, 166, 168, 169; experi-
mental work against, 91, 126-43;
natural enemies, 114, 125.

lime, salt, and sulphur mixture, 139- | SHIRTS)

calcarata, 165.
candida, 165.
tridentata, 163.

| Saratoga Springs, elm leaf beetle in, 89,

petroleum emulsion, 107, 126, 127- |

29, 131-38, 143, 162.
trap lanterns, 165, 169.
whale oil soap, 111, 126, 129-31, 138-

39, 143, 162, 164.

Rensselaer county, summary of volun-
tary reports from, 150.

Report of state entomologist,168.

Report on insects, 169.

retinervis, Microcentrum, 162.

Rhabdophaga salicis, 124.

Rhizobius ventralis, 126.

ribesli, Pteronus, see Pteronus ribesil.

ribis, Myzus, 148.

Rice weevils, 124.

Robin, 98.

robiniae, Prionoxystus, 164, 165.

Rockland county, fall webworm in,
109; summary of voluntary re-
ports from, 150-51.

rosae, Aulacaspis, 123, 169.

rosae, Psila, see Carrot rust fly.

Rose, J. F., report on appletree tent
caterpillar, 104; on bud moth in
Genesee county, 105; on fall web-
worm, 109; report on walnut
worm, 113.

Rose beetles, 148, 149.

Rose seale, 123, 169.

108.
satyriniformis, Melittia, 147.
saucia, Peridroma, 123.

| Sawfly, 163.

strawberry, 152.
wheat, 122.
Seale insects, 166, 169; determination
of, 90; soft, on fern, 164.
Scale Insects of Importance and a List of
Species in New York State, 91-92,
162.

| Schenectady, elm leaf beetle in, 89, 108.
Schoharie county, summary of volun-

tary reports from, 151.

' Scolytus 4-spinosus, 164, 165, 169.

rugulosus, 123, 164, 165.

Screw worm, 124.

seripta, Lina, 165.

serophulariae, Anthrenus, 118, 124, 164.

Scurfy bark louse, 162, 166.

scutellatus, Monohammus, 164.

Scutellista cyanea, 125.

Seabrook N. H., brown tail moth in, 95.

Seed corn maggot, 123.

senatoria, Anisota, 164.

septendecim, Cicada, 113, 151, 161,
165.

serieventris, Podisus, 98.

serrata, Haematobia, 124, 145, 149.

- Sesia tipuliformis, 123.

192 NEW

Shade trees, Notolophus leucostigma
injuring, 89; study of 91; injurious
insects, 92, 108-10, 164, 165, 169;
paper on, 92; introduced species
affecting, 121.

Sialidae, 92.

Silver tip, 167.

similis, Chilocorus, see Chilocorussimilis. |

sinensis, Tenodera, 116, 126.
sinuatus, Agrilus, 122.
Slaking lime, 163.

YORK STATE MUSEUM

tabaci, Thrips, 166.
Tanager, scarlet, 98.
Tapestry moth, 124.
tapetzella, Trichophaga, 124.

| Tenodera sinensis, 116, 126.

terebrans, Dendroctonus, 164.
?Tetralopha, 150.
textor, Hyphantria, see Hyphantria
textor.
Thrips, 152.
tabaci, 166.

Slingerland, M. V., cited, 109, 119. witThyridopteryx ephemeraeformis, 163,

Slosson, A. 'T., specimen received from,

100.

166.

~=T'inea pellionella, 124.

Small fruits, injurious insects, 105-6;-elineola biselliella, 113-14, 124.

introduced species affecting, 123.
Smith, F. J., cited, 97; investigations
on brown tail moth, 97.
Soldier bug, 98.
Somerville Mass., brown tail moth in,
94, 95.
Southern clothes moth, 113-14, 124.
Sparrow, see English sparrow.
Special investigations, 91.
speciosus, Sphecius, 104, 165.
Sphecius speciosus, 104, 165.
Spittle hopper, lined, 167.
Spittle insects, 149.
Spruce, Psilura monacha injuring, 111-
13, 118.
Squash bugs, 145, 147, 165.
Squash vine borer, 147.
Squash vines, insects injurious to:
Anasa tristis, 147, 165.
Melittia satyriniformis, 147.
squash bug, 145, 147.
Stink bug, 147.
Stone flies, 167; study of, 91.
Stored food products, enemies to,
124.
stramenalis, Evergestis, 149.
Strawberry plants, Monostegia ignota
injuring, 152.
Strawberry sawflies, 152.
strobi, Pissodes, 164.
strobilobius, Chermes, 124.

subspinosus, Macrodactylus, 148, 149. |
| Ulmi, Gossyparia, see Gossyparia ulmi.
| Ulster county, summary of voluntary

Suffolk county, 17 year cicada in, 113;
summary of voluntary reports
from, 151,

Sugar cane borer, 123.

tipuliformis, Sesia, 123.

titillator, Monohammus, 164

—<« Tmetocera ocellana, 105, 122, 146, 147.

Toads, 98.

| Tobacco, cutworm injuring, 145, 149-50.

Tomatoes, insects injurious to:

Doryphora 10-lineata, 144, 145, 146,
147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152.

Epitrix cucumeris, 151, 152.
Heliothis armiger, 107, 121.

Tomicus balsameus, 164.
cacographus, 164.
calligraphus, 161, 164.
pini, 164.

Tompkins county, forest tent cater-
pillar in, 105; summary of volun-
tary reports from, 151.

Toxoptera graminum, 121.

Trap lanterns, 165, 169.

triangularis, Disonycha, 148.

ame Trichophaga tapetzella, 124.

Trichoptera, 163, 167.
tridentata, Saperda, 163.

_ trifolu, Hylastes, 123.

trifolii, Mamestra, 123.
tristis, Anasa, 147, 165.
tritici, Diplosis, 119.

_ Turnips, Evergestis stramenalis injur-

ing, 149.

Tussock moth, white marked, 89, 109,
165.

2?Typhlocyba, 152.

reports from, 151-52.
undalis, Hellula, 128.

INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1902

Van Denburg,{M. W., reports on |

corn worm, 107.
variceps, Chlorops, 123.
variolosa, Polyphylla, 104.
variolosum, Asterolecanium, 124.
ventralis, Rhizobius, 126.
Vermes, contributions of, 177.
Vireo, red-eyed, 98.
yellow-throated, 98. ;
Virginia creeper, Macrodactylus sub-
spinosus injuring, 148, 149. |
virginiensis, Chaleophora, 164.
viticida, Fidia, see Fidia viticida.
vittata, Diabrotica, 147, 148, 151.
Voluntary entomologic service of New
York state, 93, 144-52.

Walker, C. M., promoted, 90; work of,
90; arranging the Lepidoptera, 93.
Walnut tree, Datana integerrima injur-
ing, 113, 147.
Walnut worm, 113.
Warbler, black and white, 98.
chestnut-sided, 98.
Warren county, summary of voluntary
reports from, 152.
Warwick, experiments at, 136-37, 142-
43.
Webbing clothes moth, 113-14.
Webworm, 150.
cabbage, imported, 123.
fall, 89, 109, 145, 147, 149, 150, 152,
163, 166.
West Indian peach seale, 117, 122.

193

Wheat, insects injurious to:
Cecidomyia destructor, 107, 118, 119,
121, 146, 147, 164, 165, 169.
Cephus pygmaeus, 122.
Diplosis tritici, 119.
Toxoptera graminum, 121.
Wheat midge, 119.
Wheat sawfly, 122.
White scale insect of the ivy, 162, 165.
Willow, insects injurious to:
Cryptorhynchus lapathi, 110-11, 122.
Rhabdophaga salicis, 124.
Willow curculio, 110-11, 122.
explanation of plate, 179.
Wood, E. W., cited, 99.
Wood borers, 92.
Woodford, L. L., on apple leaf Buecula-
trix, 105; on clover mite, 106.
Woolly larch aphis, 124.
Wyoming county, summary of volun-
tary reports from, 152.

| Xyleborus dispar, 123.

Xylophasia arctica, 123.
Xylotrechus sagittatus, 164.

Young, Chester, on Cicada septende-
cim, 113. pa

Young, Douglas B., appointed second

assistant, 90; collections by, 92,
104; work on Coleoptera, 93; List
of Coleoptera taken at Newport,
Herkimer co. N. Y., 153-61.

«a Y psolophus pometellus, 146, 164.

Whale oil soap, 111, 126, 129-31, 138seZeuzera pyrina, 117, 118, 121, 165.

39, 143, 162, 164.

Zygoptera, Odonata-, 92.

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(E15) Needham, J. G. & Betten, Cornelius Aquatic Insects in
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(G4) Woodworth, J. B. Pleistocene Geology of Nassau County
and Borough of Queens. 58p. il. Ipl. map. Dec. 1901. 25¢

Volume 10
(P5) Ruedemann, Rudolf; Clarke, J: M. & Wood, Elvira
Paleontologic Papers 2. 240p. 13pl. Dec. 1901. 40c.

Contents: Ruedemann, Rudolf. Trenton Conglomerate of Rysedorph Hill.

Clarke, J: M. Limestone of Central and Western New York Interbedded
with Bituminous Shales of the Marcellus Stage.

Wood, Elvira. Marcellus Limestones of Lancaster Erie Co N. Y.

Clarke, J: M. New Agelacrinites.

——Value of Amnigenia as an Indicator of Fresh-water Deposits during

the Devonic of New York, Ireland and the Rhineland.

50

66

67
68

69

UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK

(A6) Beauchamp, W: M. Horn and Bone Implements of the
New York Indians 112p 48pl.Mar. 1902 30c.

(Z8) Eckel, E. C. & Paulmier, F.C. Catalogue of Reptiles and
Batrachians of New York. 64p. il. lpl. Ap. 1902. 1c.

Eckel, E. C. Serpents of Northeastern United States.

Paulmier, F. C, Lizards, Tortoises and Batrachians of New York.

(P6) Clarke, J: M Report of the State Paleontologist 1901.
280p. il. 9pl. map 1 tab. July 1902. 40c.

(E14) Felt, E P 17th Report of the State Entomologist 1901.
232p. il 6pl. .Aug 1902 30¢.

(B5) Peck, C: H. Report of the State Botanist 1901. 58p. 7pl.
Nov. 1902 40c

(A7) Beauchamp, W: M_ Metallic Implements of the New York
Indians. 94p. 38pl. June 1902. 25c.

(G5) Merrill, F: J H. Description of the State Geologic Map
of 1901. 42p.2 maps. table. Oct. 1902. 10c

(K15) Felt, E..P Elm Leaf Beetle in New York State. 46p. il.
Sple wAmg 1902.) tae

(M2) Whitlock, H. P. Guide to the Mineralogic Collections of the
New York State Museum. 150p. il. 39pl. 11 models. Sep.
1902. 40c

(E16) Felt, E. P. Grapevine Root Worm. 40p. 6pl. Dec. 1902.
LOG:

(Z9) Bean, T H. Catalogue of the Fishes of New York. 784p.
Feb. 1908. $7, cloth.

(EG11) Dickinson, H T. Quarries of Bluestone and other Sand-
stones in New York. 108p 18pl. 2 maps. Mar. 1903. 35c.
(Miscl) Merrill,’ F: J. H. Directory of Natural History
Museums in United States and Canada 236p Ap 19038. 30c.
(P7) Clarke, J: M. Stratigraphy of Canandaigua and Naples
Quadrangles; 2 maps /n press.

(H17) Felt. KE. P 18th Report of the State Entomologist 1902.
110p. 6pl. May 1903. 20c.

(P8) Clarke, J: M Catalogue of Type Specimens of Paleozoic
Fossils in the New York State Museum Zz press.

(Misc2) Ellis, Mary. Index to Publications of the New York
State Natural History Survey and New York State Museum
1837-1902. /2 press.

(B7) Peck, C: H. Report of the State Botanist 1902. Zn press.
(E18) Needham, J. G. & others. Aquatic Insects in New York
Ln press.

(P9) Clarke, J: M. Report of the State Paleontologist 1902 Jz
Press

University of the State of New York
State Museum
MUSEUM PUBLICATIONS (continued)

useum memoirs 1889-date. Q
met Beecher, C: H. & Clarke, J: M.. Development of some Silurian
____ Brachiopoda. 96p. 8pl. Oct. 1889. Out of print.
2 Hall, James & Clarke, J: M. Paleozoic Reticulate Sponges. 8350p.
il. 7Opl. 1898. 87, cloth.
> Clarke, = M. The Oriskany Fauna of Becraft Mountain, Colum-
~ biaCo. N.Y 128p. 9pl. Oct. 1900. 80c.
4 Peck, C: H. New York Edible Fungi, 1895-99. 106p. 25pl. Nov.
meme JOO: 75.

This includes revised descriptions and illustrations of fungi reported in the
, d1st and 52d reports of the state botanist.

‘Clarke, J: M. & Ruedemann, Rudolf. Guelph Formation and
Fauna of New York State. In press.

Clarke, J: M Naples Fauna in Western New York. Jn press.
Felt, KE. P. Insects affecting Park and Woodland Trees. x
_ preparation.

fatural history of New York. 30v. il. pl. maps. Q. Albany
1842-94.

“DIVISION 1 ZOOLOGY. DeKay, James E. Zoology of New York; or, The New
_ York Fauna; comprising detailed descriptions of all the animals hitherto ob-
served within the State of New York with brief notices of those occasionally
found near its borders, and accompanied by appropriate illustrations.

bv pl. maps. sq.Q. Albany 1842-44. Out of print.
Historical introduction to the series by Gov. W: H. Seward. 178p.
" pt! Mammalia. 13-++146p. 83pl. 1812. 4

5 os copies with hand-colored plates.

Birds. 12+380p. 141pl. 1844.
Reptiles and Amphibia. 7+98p. pt4 Fishes. 15-+415p. 1842.

v. 4 Plates to accompany y.38. Reptiles and Amphibia 23pl. Fishes 79pl. 1842.
300 copies with hand-colored plates. ~

v.5pto Mollusca. 44271p. 40pl. pt6 Crustacea. Tp. 13pl. 1848-44.

Hand- a plates: pt5-6 bound together.

VISION 2 BOTANY. Torrey, John. Flora of the State of New York ; comprising
full descriptions of all the indigenous and naturalized plants hitherto discovered
n the State, with remarks on their economical and medical properties. 2v. il.
mpl. sq. Q: Albany 1843. Out of print.

1 Flora of the State of New York. 12-4-184p. 72pl. 1843.

800 copies with hand-colored plates.

2 Flora of the State of New York. 572p. 89pl. 1848.

"300 copies with hand-colored plates.

IVISION 3 MINERALOGY. Beck, Lewis C. Mineralogy of New York ; ; comprising
detailed descriptions of the minerals hitherto found in the State of New York,
and notices of their uses in the arts and agriculture. il. pl. sq. Q. Albany
42. Out of print.

ptt Economical Mineralogy. pt2 Descriptive Mineralogy. 24-+-5386p. 1842.

plates additional to those printed as part of the text.

DIVISION 4 GEOLOGY. Mather, W: W.; l'mmons, Ebenezer ; Vanuxem, Lardner
eatin hg Geology of New York. 4v. il. pl. sq. Q. Albany 1842-43.
it 0

: ‘pu A aa W:W. First Geological District. 37-+-658p. 46pl. 1843.

Emmons, Ebenezer, Second Geological District. 10-+487p. 17pl. 1842.

Bs Vanuxem, Lardner, Third Geological District. 3806p. 1842.

ptt Hall, James. Fourth Geological District. 22+688p. Map and 19pl.

848.

=
ae

ON 5 AGRICULTURE. Emmons, Ebenezer. Agriculture of New York; com-

prising an account of the classification, composition and distribution of the
ils and rocks and the natural waters of the different geological formations,

with a condensed view of the meteorology and agriculturai produc-
e State. Sv. il. pl. sq. Q. Albany 1845-94. Out of print.

s of me State, their ps ouposition and Distribution. 11-+-371p. 21pl.

pads

Usee of the State of New York

ll

AASE

v.22 Analysis of Soils, Plants, Cereals, etc. 8+343+46p. ‘42pl. 1849.
With hand-colored plates. - Tas
v.3 Fruits, etc. 8+3840p. 1851. oy

v.4 Plates to accompany v. 8. 95pl. g1851.
Hand-colored.

v.5 Insects Injurious to Agriculture. 8+272p. 50pl. 1854.
With hand-colored plates.

DIVISION 6 PALEONTOLOGY. Hall, James. Palaeontology of New York.
pl. sq.Q. Albany 1847-94. Bound tn cloth.

v.1 Organic Remains. of the Lower Division of the New York System. ae
99pl. 1847. Out of print. : -
v.2 Organic Remains of Lower Middle Division of the New York System
_ 8+862p. 104pl. 1852. Out of print.

v.38 Organic Kemains of the Lower Helderberg Group and the Oriskany
stone. ptl, text.. 12+-4382p. 1859. [$3.50]

148pl. 1861. [$2.50] y, a

v.4 Fossil Brachiopoda of the Upper Helderberg, Hamilton, Portage and Ch
mung Groups. 11-+-1-+-428p. 9Ypl. 1867. $2 50 e

vy. 5 ptl Lamellibranchiata 1. _Monomyaria of the Upper Helderberg, Ham
and Chemung Groups. 8428p 45pl 188+. $2 50.

Lamellibranchiata 2. Dimyaria of the Uppen, Helderberg, Hamil

Portage and Chemung Groups. 62-+293p. 5Ipl. 1885. $2 50.

rie Gasteropoda, Pteropoda and Cephalopoda of the Upper Helderbe
ae Portage and Chemung Groups. 2v. 1879. v. 1, text. 15-4

. 2, 120n). $2 40 for 2 Uv.

v. 6 Corals and Bryozoa of the Lower and Upper Helderberg and Tami
Groups - 24+298p. 67pl. 1887. $2.50

vy. 7 ‘Trilobites and other Crustacea of ane Oriskany, Upper Helderberg, Hai
ton, Portage, Chemung and Catskill Groups. 64-+-236p. 46pl__ 1888.
supplement to v. 5, pte. ~Pteropoda, Cephalopoda and Annelida, 4p. 1
188x. $2.50. ; :

v. § ptl. . ies oduction to the Study of the Genera of the Paleozoic Brachiop,
16-+347p. 44pl. 1892. $2.50.

— pt2 Paleozoic Brashionsie 16-+394p. Sipl. 1894. $2.50.

Museum handbooks 1893-date. 714x12™% cm.
In quantities, 1 cent for each 16 pages or less. Single copies postp

below. ‘

H5 New York State Museum. 14p. il. 2c.
- Outlines history and work of the museum; with list of staff and scientific
publications, 1893. New edition in press. S243 Se
H13 Paleontology. 8p. 2c.

Brief outline of State Museum work in paleontolog y under heads : fini
Relation to biology ; Relation to stratigraphy ; History of paleontology in 1
York.

His Guide to Excursions in the Fossiliferous Rocks of New v
120p._ Se.

n
wi
c
<=
c
a
a
2
9°
e
2

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SMITHSONIAN INSTIT!

|

f i

prepared sceuaie for the use of Weider and students era to acqu
themselves more intimately with the classic rocks of this State.

-H16 Entomology. 16p. 2c.

H17 Economic Geology. Jz preparation.

H18 Insecticides and Fungicides. 20p. 3c.

Maps. Merrill, F: J. H. Economic and Geologic Map of the .
of New Vork ; issued as part of Museum bulletin 15 and the 48
Museum report, v. 1. 59x67 cm. 1894. Scale 14 miles to li
Separate edition out of print.

Geologic Map of New York. 1901. Scale 5 miles to “le

In atlas Sorm $3; mounted on rollers $5. Lower Hudson shee

The lower Hudson sheet, geologically colored, comprises Rockland, |
Dutchess, Putnam, Westchester, New York, Richmond, Kings, Que
Nassau counties, and parts of Sullivan, Ulster and Suffolk ‘countie
eastern New Jersey and part ©: western Connecticut.