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23

California Aeademy of 9 ctences

REPORT
ON THE
PRESENT STATE OF OUR KNOWLEDGE

WITH REGARD TO

PHH MOLLUSC Ae,

OF THE

a

WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.

BY

PHILIP P. CARPENTER.

[From the Rerort oF THE BritisH ASSOCIATION FOR THR ADVANCEMENT OF
Science for 1856.] :

LONDON: 3
PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.
1857.

LIST OF PLATES.

Prates VI., VII, VIII., 1X. are designed to illustrate variations of form
between individuals of the same species, observed in ,comparing large
numbers of specimens from the Reigen Collection of Mazatlan Shells: vide
Report, pp. 241-264.

PLATE VI.

Fig. 1. Three adult specimens of Arca grandis, Brod. & Sby., laid on the same hinge-
line: , normal state; e, elongated; 0, obese.

Fig. 2. The same specimens in profile. .

Fig. 3. Two young specimens, showing that the changes of form are not merely the
result of circumstances of growth: e, elongated; ¢, transverse.

Fig. 4. The same specimens in profile. The A. equilatera, Sby., is probably the
young of this species. It has been selected from a group usually constant
m its characters; the nestling Byssoarks being notoriously irregular.

PLATE VII.

Fig. 1a. Cyrena Mexicana, Brod. & Sby. Two young specimens laid together at
the left angle between the dorsal margin and the umbo: n, normal; e,
elongated. In this state it forms part of C. Floridana, Desh. MS., non
Conr.

Fig. 1 6. Four specimens, similarly placed, adult: n, the largest shell, normal shape ;

* e, elongated ; 7, rounded; a, an extreme form, described by Dr. Gould as
C. altths. The Cyrene are generally very regular shells.

Fig. 2. Two specimeus of Avicula sterna, Gould: the black line, normal; the dotted
line, with the characteristic tail almost evanescent, while the upper ears
are enormously developed.

Fig. 3. Gadinia pentegoniostoma, Sby.: a, normal state, round, margin deeply
crenate, ribs deeply grooved internally ; these characters pass away more
or less in the other specimens; }, with one corner; ¢, with two corners ;
d, with three corners; e, with four corners; f, with five corners; g, with
six corners obscurely marked.

.4. Glyphis inequalis, Sby., mcluding Fissurella pica, Sby., and F. mus, Rve. :
a, extreme form, type of F. inequalis, oblong, with faint sculpture, shown
at a’, and trilobed hole; b, lobes of hole evanescent; c, form F. mus ;
d, type of F. pica, oval, with rounded hole and strong sculpture shown at
d'; e, f, g, h, i, k, 1, m, n, internal views of the hole and callosity, mag-
nified, showing the great changes of form, and the development or absence
of the posterior truncation and pit. This, with an oval hole, are con-
sidered generic characters by Messrs. H. & A. Adams: vide Gen. vol. i.
p. 447 (as Lucapina, but not of Gray, except L. crenulata).

Fi

Ss

2 REPORT—1856.

Fig. 5. Fissurella rugosa, Sby., including F. chlorotrema, Mke., F. humilis, Mke.,
and F’, viminea, Mke. non Rve.: a, finely grown, with faint, flattened,
smooth ribs, and trilobed hole; 6, normal state, ribs faint, hole suboval ;
ec, specimen of irregular growth, normal outline when young, ribs stronger ;
d, specimen with ribs on the upper portion strongly developed; e, speci-
men of coarse growth, ribs nodulous; f, extreme form, from which the
species was described, ribs very strong and irregular. The colour varies
from uniform green to nearly uniform red; the young shells being gene-
rally green with a red patch. g, h, 1, k, imterior sketches of hole and cal-
losity. The shape of the hole is generally a very constant character in
Fissurellide.

PLATE VIII.

Fig. 1. Development and varieties of Crepidula nivea, C. B. Ad., including Calyptrea
squama, Brod., Calyptrea Lessonii, Brod., and Crepidula striolata, Mke.
(=Crypta nivea, Ianacus squama, and Ianacus Lessonii, H. & A. Ad.):
a, inside view of very young specimen, deck just forming; 4, ditto, a
stage older; c, ditto, older, less magnified, anterior smus not developed
(Crypta, H. & A. Ad.); d, external view, showimg prominent, ribbed
apex; e, another specimen, rayed (squama, Brod.); f, group of deck-
margins, the horizontal line representing the medial point; the two to
the right are young, magnified ; the rounding of the outline and develop-
ment of the anterior smus, made of subgenerie importance by Messrs.
Adams, here appear extremely variable; g, a normal specimen, margin
sharp ; /, the same indented by attachment to a Strombus granulatus ; i,
margin in layers, flattened, abnormally thickened near the umbo; /, out-
side view, form striolata, the layers beginning to appear separate outside ;
k, layers here and there prominent, form Lessonw, shell concentrically
striated, and with colour rays as in e; /, an abnormally bilobed specimen,
form Lessonii; m, a specimen abnormally costated, by attachment to a
ribbed shell ; n, inside view of two specimens, laid with the deck-margin to
correspond, to show the great length of deck in the lined specimen, and
its shortness in the dotted one; 0, two specimens similarly laid, one long
and straight, the other rounded and semispiral, like Crepipatella, H. &
A. Ad.; the long specimen has grown in the burrow of a Lithophagus,
and displays margin-layers at the umbonal region, and one Lessonioid
lamina in front; p, profile of the last-named specimen, with deck promi-
nent, and back somewhat indented, as in C. explanata, Gld.

Fig. 2. Young state of Crepidula unguiformis, Lam. (Ianacus, H. & A. Ad.), to com-
pare with the last species, which it closely resembles when adolescent: a,
inside view, showing large imbedded spiral portion ; 4, outside, showing
flattened, smooth spire. »

Fig. 3. Crepidula aculeata, Gmel., including Calyptrea echinus, Brod., Calyptrea
hystrix, Brod., Crepidula Californica, Nutt., and probably Crepidula
costata, Mke. (not Sby.), subgenus Crepipatella, H. & A, Ad.: a, young
state, like Neritina, deck just commencing; 6, ditto, a stage older; c, the
same in profile; d, ditto, somewhat older; e, ditto, a little older ; Ff, out-
side view, older, showing spiral growth, margin not produced, spines just
appearing ; g, a group of deck-margins, arranged as in fig. 1 f, the three
to the right being magnified ; the second from the left is the normal state ;
in the first, not only the characteristic medial angle is rounded off, but an
abnormal angle appears, turned the wrong way; /, two specimens, out-
side view, to show straight and spiral growth, as in fig. 1 0; @, two speci-
mens, laid with the upper margins corresponding, to show dispropor-
tionate length of deck; the short deck belongs to the dotted margin ;
j, two specimens in profile ; one arched, with deck internal; the other
(dotted) flat, with deck prominent. ite

LIST OF PLATES. 3

Fig. 4. Lophyrus articulatus, Sby.: a, front profile of a specimen abnormally tri-
lobed; the dotted line shows the same profile of an elevated specimen ;
b, terminal valves of two specimens, one with inner margin incurved, the
other excurved; c, medial valves of two specimens, one much waved, the
other nearly straight. These characters are much dwelt on by Midden-
dorff in the discrimination of species.

Fig. 5. A monstrosity of Fissurella virescens, Sby., inside view, with a circular hole
in addition to the normal one.

PLATE IX.

Fig. 1. Crucibulum imbricatum, Sby., Brod., Desh. =Patella scutellata, Wood,=
Calypeopsis rugosa, Less. non Desh.: including the non-pitted form, Dys-
potea dentata, Mke.=Calyptrea ? extinctorium, Sby. non Lam.=Ca-
lyptrea rugosa, Val., Rve., non Desh.: showing development. a, fry,
magnified, outside view ; 5, ditto, mside, shell like Narica, with umbilical
chink, slight columellar lip, and a thin film of patelliform margin sur-
rounding the whole; c, young state, slightly magnified, cup much ex-
panded ; in this state it appears to belong to the subgenus Dispotea (Say)
of H. & A. Ad.; d, ditto, outside view, ribs scarcely indicated; e,
adolescent, ribs strongly developed, cup-angle narrower ; f, a stage nearer
maturity, cup-margins nearly closed; g, adult state.

Fig. 2. Crepidula ?dorsata, Brod., var. bilobata, nearly adult (Crepipatella dorsata,
H. & A. Ad.), to compare with fig. 1 ¢ and 3a.

Fig. 3. Crucibulum spinosum, Sby.,=Patella Peziza, Wood,=Calyptrea tubifera,
Less.,=Calypeopsis auriculata, D’Orb. non Chemn.; including Calypeop-
sis tenuis, C. hispida, and C. maculata, Brod. The C. quiriquina, Less.=
C. Byronensis, Gray, MS.=C. rugosa, D’Orb. (pars), is probably a coarse
variety of the same species ; and the C. rugosa, Desh., non Less. nec Val.
=C. lignaria, Brod., may be a distorted growth of the same variety.
a, young state, magnified ; 6, the same, a stage older, wrinkles developed
crenating the margin, shape abnormal; c, inside of smooth form, adult ;
d, a specimen with the cup diseased, probably owing to the decay of half
the outside, where the commencement of the cup may be seen exposed ;
margin of the undecayed part thick and in layers, as in C. quiriquina ;
e, outside view of specimen without spines, wrinkles very faint ; f, speci-
men with a very few rudimentary spines in the form of tubercles, and
faint, curved, radiating lines indicating the direction in which the spines
would normally appear; g, another specimen, smooth over most of the
surface, but with spines fully developed at the top; A, a specimen with
wrinkles almost evanescent, yet with a few well-developed spines, in
straight radiating lines; 7, a specimen of normal development, with
irregular wrinkles crossed by curved rows of spines ; Jj, portion of internal
margin of specimen h; k, margin of specimen with spines partly formed,
open; /, ditto fully developed, hollow throughout; m, profile of specimen
beginning with regular margin, smooth, afterwards with irregular margin
and a few long spines at one corner; m, profile of smooth specimen
beginning regularly, then with different amounts of irregularity, ending
with a regular margin; 0, three specimens in profile, laid for the vertex to
coincide ; the first is flattened throughout, forming a regular, obtuse-
angled triangle; the second (shaded) begins very conical, spinous, then
with two stages, flattened, smooth ; the third begins like the first, then
spreads somewhat, but ends much compressed; p, an abnormal specimen
found by Mr. Cuming in a hole, from deep water, and figured in Trans. Zool.
Soc. vol. i. pl. 28. f. 8; the long spmes are curved backwards over the flat
shell, and the cup is extremely prominent; the dotted line represents the

outline of a shell at the opposite extreme, var. compresso-conicum, Proc.
Zool. Soe. 1856, p. 167.

4 REPORT—1856.

Fig. 4. Cecum undatum, magnified, exhibiting development and variations in shape,
sculpture, form of mouth, prominence of plug, &e., observed among about
340 specimens. Similar changes in the common Panama species form the
Caecum diminutum, C. pygmeum, C. monstrosum, C. eburneum and C. fir-
matum of Prof. C. B. Adams: (a, young Cecum, with spiral part attached,
species not known ;) 6, tube smooth and short; c, ditto, long; d, with
faint indications of rings near the margin; e, shell more curved ; marginal
rings stronger ; f, shell passing at once from smooth to fully rmged state ;
g, the same, more bent, rings irregular; f, ditto, curvature irregular ;
7, with more rings, outline very irregular; 7, stumpy form, rings close,
mouth immature; 4, adult, front view, with multispiral operculum in situ,
apical portion smooth; 7, another specimen, mouth contracted, apical
portion ringed; m, normal state, profile; , specimen with rings almost
evanescent ; 0, deformed specimen, broken, and mended without rings.
All the irregularities in these figures are intended. .

Fig. 5. Neritina cassiculum, Sby.: a, elevated state, corresponding with subgenus
Vitta (Klein) of Messrs. Adams; 5, normal state, subgenus Neritina
(Swains.) of Messrs. Adams ; c, depressed state, answering to restricted
genus Neritella (Humph.) of Messrs. Adams. The same changes of form
are observable in the very closely related Neritina picta, Sby.=Vitta
pieta of Messrs. Adams.

P. P. CARPENTER.

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 159

Report on the present state of our knowledge with regard to the
Mollusca of the West Coast of North America. By Putuip P.
‘CARPENTER.

1. Tue duty of preparing a Report “On the present state of our know-
ledge of the Mollusca of California,” was entrusted to the writer simply in
consequence of an opportunity which accident had thrown in his way, of
obtaining accurate information on the Mollusca of one spot only on the
Pacific shores of N. America. Almost entirely destitute of technical know-
ledge, and living at a distance from collections and libraries, he would not
have ventured to undertake it but for the promised aid of one, whose early
death, just as he was entering on tbat field which seemed of all others most
adapted to develop his peculiar powers, still leaves a most deeply-felt void
in Malacological and Geological Science. This spot is neither politically
nor conchologically in Califoruia, strictly so called, but belongs in its fauna
to the province which culminates in the Bay of Panama and extends south-
wards to Peru; while many shells of the real Californian fauna extend north-
wards towards Behring’s Straits, and are found on the Asiatic coasts in the
Okhotsk Sea. This Report will therefore take cognizance of all that is known
of the Mollusea of the West Coast of North America, from the Boreal shores
to Panama.

Before results can be obtained of permanent value, and general deductions
drawn from them that shall bear on the great questions of the condition of
our globe in this and previous ages, it is necessary that the foundations
should be laid by patient and accurate examination of every minute point in
our inquiries: else, as the wrong measurement of a degree nearly prevented
Newton’s elimination of the great law of gravitation, so the deficiency or
hasty examination of details respecting particular species and their abodes,
may lead the great master-minds of science to erroneous conclusions, which,
through their well-earned influence, retard rather than stimulate the progress
of future research. It is proposed therefore—(1) to state the physical con-
ditions, and the cautions to be observed in the inquiry; (2) to present the
different sources of information in historical order; and (3), after tabulating

these geographically and zoologically, to draw such inferences as the present
state of our knowledge may warrant*.

* On receiving the request of the Association, I issued a circular seeking information as to—
1. What species are found on the north-east shores of the Pacific, especially at Vancouver’s

Island.

2, What near the mouth of the Columbia river, and in the Oregon territory.

3. What near San Fraucisco and Monterey.

4. What near.San Diego.

5. What along the Pacific shores of the peninsula to Cape St. Lucas.

6. What at La Paz, Guaymas, and other stations in the Gulf of California.

7. What at Acapulco and other stations along the coast towards Panama.

8. What species of land and freshwater shells are found in different parts of Oregon,
California, and West Mexico.

And, in order to compare with these, as to—
9. What species are found on the eustern (Atlantic) shores of Mexico.
10. What at the Galapagos.
11. What at the Sandwich Islands (distinguishing what are brought there from other
places).
12. What in Polynesia.
13. What fossil species are found in the Tertiary deposits of the United States, which
may throw light on the existing Pacific species.
This circular was sent to every accessible station on the West N. American coast, and to
naturalists in this and foreign countries. The replies are on most points extremely meagre :
but I have pleasure in recording great obligations to Hugh Cuming, Esq., for the most liberal.

160 REPORT—1856.

2. Perhaps no region in the world is so well adapted for the study of the
geographical distribution of Mollusca as the W. coast of N. and S. America.
Shut out from the vast Indo-Pacific province which reaches to the Sandwich
and Marquesas Islands by an uninterrupted body of water almost equal in
extent to the whole Atlantic Ocean, on the other side barred against all
admixture with the Caribbean Sea by the mighty bulwark of Central Ame-
rica and Darien, it presents the least indented line of coast that the world

can show, from the frozen ocean of the north to a southern promontory 20°

south of the lowest extremity of the old world. Even the land fauna is sepa-
rated from that of the bulk of the continent by the great chain of the Andes
and the Rocky Mountains, and by the arid climate which prevails over a
large portion of its extent. Here then we enter upon a new type of marine
life, almost entirely distinct from those with which we have been familiar in
the Atlantic, Indian and Polynesian waters; in which we can pass, on each
side of the equator, from tropical to boreal conditions, with the most satis-
factory regularity. All that we miss is the presence of more oceanic islands ;
the solitary group of the Galapagos presenting data of unusual interest, to
be noticed afterwards.

3. The tropical region of marine life extends much further north than
south of the equator. This is accounted for by ihe direction of the equato-
rial current, which, striking upon the swelling coast of Peru, sweeps round
the great Bay of Panama and Central America, and following the north-
westerly direction of the coast, is naturally driven up the narrow Gulf of
California, where, even at Guaymas, in lat. 27°, are found the conditions of
equatorial climate (Gould). The long promontory of Lower California, from
lat. 23°-32°, offers a natural impediment to the further northward passage
of mollusks; while the current which flows southwards, parallel to the
shores of temperate America, seems to convey many boreal species below
the latitude at which we should have expected them. The zoological tem-
perate zone therefore is curtailed in the northern and extended in the
southern hemisphere.

4. ‘The following are recorded as the physical conditions of places which
have been made the special seats of observation PANAMA. At the head
of an extensive bay, with a reef consisting of “ledges of trachytie rocks,
with flat and concave surfaces, and gently sloping, precipitous, or shelving
sides.” Each has its appropriate species, as have also the loose pieces of
rock, according tu their size, distance from each other, and amount of inser-
tion in the sand. On the fine sand beaches, Oliva, Tellina, Donax and
Dosinia abound. Qn trees a little above half-tide level are found Pur-
pure and Littorine ; with numerous Veneride@, Columbelle, Neritina picta
and Arca grandis among the sticks and moss-like algze beneath. On ledges
of smooth basaltic rocks abound Littorine, Fissurelle, and Siphonarie. In
a mangrove thicket at high-water mark occur Cerithidee, Cyrena, Arce,
Potamomye, Melampi, and “ over head, Littorina pulchra, almost as rare as
beautiful.” The ordinary tides are 16-20 feet, very rarely 28 feet, leaving
many square miles of sea-bed exposed at the ebb. The bay contains several

and unrestricted use of his unrivalled collections, and the benefit of his experience and judg-
ment; to Dr. A. A. Gould, of Boston, U. S., for the transmission of the whole of his valuable
materials, including lists and collections ; to R. M‘Andrew, Esq., F.R.S., for the use of his
collections and library ; to R. D. Darbishire, Esq., B.A., of Manchester, and Sylvanus Han-
ley, Esq., B.A., for aid in the identification of species; to Dr. J. E. Gray, Dr. Baird, and
S. P. Woodward, Esq., of the, British Museum, for their assistance throughout ; to Prof. Dr.

Dunker for special help in the Mytilide, W. Clark, Esq., in the Czecidze, and LL. Reeve, Esq.,

in the Patellide ; and generally to friends and naturalists who have freely contributed mate-
rials at their disposal.

|

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 16]

steep islands, of which the best known is Taboga (C. B. Adams, Pan. Shells,
pp- 19-21).—Mazatian. On the north side of the bay is a “long neck of
narrow hills, [of primitive rock, ] their sides exhibiting projecting crags and
deep indentations which the ocean has been lashing for ages. On the south
are rocky islands, but towards the south-west the harbour is open to the
broad Pacific, whence at times the sea rolls in with great fury ” (Bartlett).
The harbour is in some places choked with shoals of large Pinne, whose
sharp edges cut the boats (Belcher). Station has often much more to do
with the distribution of species than mere latitude: e.g. Venus gnidia is
found in muddy places from Peru to the Gulf of California, but is not
found on the prolific sandy floor of Acapulco harbour, where it is replaced
by the sand-loving V. neglecta. In some sandy situations, the dredge may
be used for hours without the smallest success; while in others, where the
floor is varied, a short search will procure more than fifty species (Hinds).
—Catirornia. Along the coast of Upper California are primitive rocks,
chiefly granite and syenite. Near Santa Barbara are cliffs of shell limestone,
perhaps 200 feet high ; but their contents have not been recorded. Brooks
with hot springs issue from the primitive rocks, and there are abundant
traces of huge geological convulsions (Nuttall). The peninsula is of vol-
canic rock, and exhibits great diversity of climate. When, near Cape St.
Lucas, the thermometer stands between 60° and 70°, it may be found, near
the northern extremity, at the freezing point. The muddy marshes near
San Diego, &c., appear to be very prolific in bivalves; as are the rocks in
Acmee, which seem to culminate on this coast, whence they were first de-
scribed by Eschscholtz. ‘ Observations on some points in the Physical Geo-
graphy of Oregon and Upper California, by Jas. D. Dana,” will be found in
‘Silliman’s American Journal of Science and Art,’ series 2, no. 21, May 1849,
p- 376.

5. The Gulf of California (often, even in books of great pretension,
strangely called a bay) was discovered by a vessel detached from the expe-
dition of Cortez in 1533 (Dana), (1534, teste Hibbert). It was the Sea of
Cortez, and the Vermilion Sea of the early Spaniards. It is about 700 miles
long and from 40-120 wide. About the year 1697* it was colonized by a
party of Spanish Jesuits, who founded Loreto, La Paz, and San Jose on its
shores. The earliest shell known from its waters was the pearl oyster (Mar-
garitiphora fimbriata, Dkr.), to obtain which, about the seventeenth century,
the Spaniards employed from 600 to 800 divers; the value of the pearls ob-
tained annually being estimated at 60,000 dollars. So exhausting was this
traffic, that the fishery is now almost entirely abandoned. Occasionally,
however, a ship-load of pearl shell is sent to Liverpool, and sold for manu-
_ facturing purposes. Among the sweepings from one of these loads was found
_ the finest specimen known of Placunanomia pernoides, remarkable for its
| reappearance on the Gambia coast. There appears to have been a treaty
_ with Spain as far back as 1786, allowing of some trade between this country
and the Mexican shores; but there is no trace of much intercourse before
_ the Declaration of Independence in 1821. In 1826 a direct treaty was
formed between England and Mexico, and from that time the Californian
_ and W. Mexican coast has ceased to be a terra incognita to English natu-
Yalists. Still, however, our knowledge of the shores and deep waters of the
| Gulf (especially of its northern extremity), and of the peninsula of Cali-
fornia, is most fragmentary. The present Report contains the first account
at all verging towards accuracy and completeness, of the fauna at its mouth.
_ The 117 species collected on the shores of Upper California by our country-

* Hibbert: 1642, Blackie, Imp. Gaz.
1856. M

162 ’ REPORT—1856.

man Mr. Nuttall, incomplete as it is, remains the best list of that interesting
district; and in spite of the old-established English settlement near the
Columbia River, it was left to the United States’ Exploring Expedition to
make us even moderately acquainted with the shells of the Oregon district.
Of the abyssopelagic species in Oregon and California, we have only the
very limited collections of Belcher and Hinds; and of the minuter forms,
which in the British fauna are 31 per cent., in the Panama fauna 13 p.c,, and
in the Mazatlan fauna no less than 39 p. c. of the whole number of species,
we cannot reckon more than half-a-dozen names,

6. It might be thought that, in order to obtain suitable lists of the Mol-
Jusca inhabiting particular localities, all that was necessary would be that
shells should be brought from that locality, and then described. But such
is far from being the case. A few of the principal causes of error, both as
regards habitat and description, will be noticed, in order that suitable cau-
tion may be observed in judging of the materials to be presented.

7. Errors respecting habitat.—A large part of the shells in collections have
been brought from the seats of trade. Either persons at home, in their com-
munications with friends at sea-ports, request that shells may be sent back ;
or sailors bring them as an article of commerce. In both cases, the greatest
number of specimens is collected from all sources, and no dependence what-
ever can be placed on the results. Thus, well-known East Indian, Philip-
pine, and Polynesian shells have been sent from Acapulco and Mazatlan;
and coast shells from various latitudes, including the Sandwich Islands,
occur in the Oregon collection of Lady K. Douglas. It is well if sailors and
captains do not add to the confusion by mixing together shells picked up at
different places on the voyage. Nor do the errors end here. When they
pass into the hands of dealers, it is rarely that the least attention is paid to
their locality. They are mixed in drawers in every possible confusion, and
instances have not been rare of traders coining habitats to suit the supposed
taste of their customers. Even when they have their eyes open to the im-
portance of accuracy, such are the circumstances of confusion attendant on
the management of their business, that correctness is rarely to be ex-
pected.

8, But even if collections have been made on a single spot by a traveller
of ordinary and even of conchological attainments, errors may arise from
shells imported in ballast, &c., and dropped on the shore. Adhering and
burrowing littoral shells may thus be found alive in places foreign to their
native seas. This may account for a specimen of Aemea pelta, abundant at
Oregon, being found with the Mazatlan Limpets; and for Littorina aspera
being given by Prof. Forbes in his zoological map as the characteristic spe-
cies of the Oregon instead of the Mexican fauna, specimens having probably
reached the northern collectors in the same way. As an aid to detect these
errors, it is very desirable that shells should be retained without being sub-
jected to the usnal acid treatment, as the accretions, or the minute shells
among the dirt, will often decide a point that the shell itself will not deter-
mine. Thus,a small specimen of Fissurella Barbadensis was separated from
a boxful of /. virescens (a variety of which in the young state it closely
resembles) by a minute Spiroglyphus and coral which seem peculiar to the
Atlantic Seas. Thus also specimens of Ostrea iridescens with their Placu-
nanomie were confirmed in their African habitat, fram the minute shells
between the lamine, which agreed with the African and differed from the
Panamic types. How many of these ballast species haye found their way
into the well-searched British shores, is patent to the readers of Forbes and
Hanley’s Hist. Brit. Moll, It is said that even the great Mediterranean

a

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 163

Triton has been dredged with the animal in, off the coast of Guernsey*.
It is therefore very desirable that collectors should have a general acquaint-
ance with the shells of a variety of distinct provinces, in order that they
may be prepared to detect errors when they arise. For this purpose also
the formation of local collections in public museums is very greatly to be
recommended t+.

9. It might be thought that all sources of error would be avoided, when
competent naturalists themselves collect shells in their original haunts. But
when different places are visited, it is not always possible, in the confinement
of a ship, or amid the confusions of land travelling, to pack and tabulate
accurately the results of each branch of inquiry: or, supposing these errors
guarded against, intermixings may still take place in the unpacking and dis-
tribution of specimens. Moreover, when shells are left loose in cabinets,
and the information is supplied by ticket only, a variety of interchanges may
very unexpectedly take place. Such errors are most serious when they take
place in the collections of naturalists deservedly noted for their accuracy;
because whatever appears in their cabinets is naturally regarded as of un-
questionable authority. ‘Thus, a Ceylon shell ran an imminent risk of being
described as from Mazatlan ; and specimens were found bearing one locality
on the ticket affixed to them, and another on a ticket within. Thus, also,
Prof. Adams notes{ having received a Pleurotoma zonulata from Mr.
Cuming, as from the Philippines. Indeed, after the vast collections made
by that gentleman in so fruitful a locality, it was natural that shells should
be often assigned to this habitat, unless a contrary were known. The * China
Seas” or “Eastern Seas” of Lieut. Belcher are also supposed to have in-
cluded many chance acquirements ; among others, Dosinia Dunkeri from the
Panamic, and Semele rubro-lineata (= simplex) from the Californian fauna.

10. All these errors, from whatever source derived, find their way into
the monographs, sometimes with additions by the writers themselves, and so
become perpetuated. Some authors, even in our own country as well as in
France, are not strict in regard to geographical boundaries. ‘ Central
America” and “ West Columbia” are used generally for the tropical portions
of the W. American coast, and “California” for any stations north of Aca-
pulco, either in the Panamie or the San Franciscan province. Mr. Reeve,
indeed (under Patella venosa, pl. 10. f. 18), extends W. Columbia south-
wards to include the Isle of Chiloé, in lat. 43°, just as Valenciennes and
Kiener extend Peru northwards to include Acapulco. By mistake, Mr. Sow-
erby, jun., refers a Panama shell to Jamaica, when he cites Prof. Adams’s
Cerithium validum, and gives as the habitat of Ranella nana and albofaseiata,
P. Z. S. 1841, p. 52, “ad insulam Panama, Philippinarum.”

11. Another class of errors arises from confounding places which bear
the same name. ‘Thus St. Vincent’s may be either the island in the West
Indies or on the Guinea coast, according as it is used by Guilding or Tams.
San Blas may be either the near neighbour of Mazatlan in the Gulf district,
or it may be D’Orbigny’s locality in Patagonia. And San Juan may be
either the bay on the Gulf side of the Peninsula of California, in lat. 27°, or
the Straits of San Juan de Fuca (or Fuaco), near Vancouver’s Island. It is
believed that in Kellett and Wood’s collections, the words de Fuea have

* Some may attribute a solitary specimen of Trochus conulus found by Mr. Bean at Scar-
borough to a like importation.

T Prof. E. Forbes had been collecting materials for a series of such collections at the University
of Edinburgh. It is hoped that they may yet be made available for the purposes for which
they were designed.

{ Pan. Shells, p. 144; so also Omphalius Californicus, ticketed “ Moreton Bay,” Mus. Cum,

M2

164 REPORT—1856.

been added to papers from the former place; e.g. in Cypréa arabicula,
(Bristol Mus.) and Planawis nigritella, both of which belong to the Gulf
fauna. In Mr. Reeve’s account of Hinnites giganteus, Gray, the shell is
quoted from “ California and the Straits of Juan Fernandez,” pl. 1. sp. 2.

12. The errors of one collection, or of the author, are not confined to
books, but are continually repeated in public and private collections. It is
important, therefore, when shells are named from the monographs, that the
copied locality should be distinguished, say by marks of quotation. When
the locality of the actual specimen is known on authority, this may be under-
lined ; and, where practicable, the authority should always be added.

13. Errors of nomenclature.—But supposing that the original materials
have been collected with perfect accuracy (and for the reasons above stated,
those collections are the most reliable which have been made by competent
observers on single spots or unmixed districts), a vast variety of errors will
probably arise before their nomenclature is suitably established.

First, the works in which shells are described are inaccessible to ordinary
students. ‘This arises in part from their being so expensive, that even pub-
lic museums are often unable to procure them; and in part from species
being described in local journals or loose tracts, which either do not find
their way at all into general scientific literature, or do so with such tardiness
that their effect is simply to introduce the confusion of synonymy, and, by
appealing to an earlier date, to upset the labours of those who would most
thankfully have been spared the responsibility of description. This almost
limits the satisfactory production of original works to those who have frequent
access to the capital.

14. Or, supposing the books obtained, the materials are found in so ill-
assorted a state, that the student’s time is frittered away in finding out where
to look. It is customary with some writers to describe new species from any
genera or any localities, without the least regard to order. ‘Thus every stu-
dent at work on the shells of any district is obliged to wade through the
“centuries” of new shells described by Philippi in the ‘Zeit. f. Mal.,’ for
fear of overlooking an already published species. Or even when the genera
are monographed, the species are generally arranged either by aeeident or to
suit the supposed elegance of the plate; instead of either grouping them
zoologically, so as to exhibit allied species side by side, or else geographi-
cally so as to bring the species from each district together. For want of
some such help, whole hours, which might have been spent in advancing
science, may be wasted in hunting for a single Conus, a Voluta, a Helix, or
a Mitra. Asa help to the determination of species, the more minute divi-
sion of large genera is by no means to be opposed; the Lamarckian genera
being to our present knowledge of species and animals what the Linnean
groups were in the times of Lamarck. It is greatly to be regretted that
many of the divisions proposed of late years have been named in utter
defiance of the principles of nomenclature which the British Association
recommend, and which are generally received by the naturalists of this and
other countries,

15. But supposing the materials found, it then appears that most of thens
are in so unsatisfactory a state that allied species cannot be discriminated. _
Some writers recommend short descriptions to save time; but much more
time is lost in the end by the errors to which they give rise. If any one
will study the synonymy of the Calyptreide in the British Museum Mazatlan
Catalogue, they will be able to form some idea, though a very partial one,
of the labour that has been thus entailed. The consequence is that the
same name is often quoted by different writers for very different shells,

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 165

which is a much greater evil than the giving of several names to one species.
Until, therefore, existing species are tabulated in such a way as to be recog-
nizable by students, it would appear a less evil in a doubtful case to de-
scribe a fresh species, than to run a probable risk of affiliating a different
shell to a species already constituted.

16. Those identifications therefore are by far the most satisfactory which
are made by a comparison of types. But even here the student must exer-
cise caution. For if any one had searched last year for the types of Brode-
vip’s Calyptreide (so obscure to the many who have not access to the plates
in the ‘Transactions’), he would have found not only two of those species
nameless, and in imminent peril of re-description, and that too as from dif-
ferent localities from those recorded in the ‘Proceedings’ ; but he might have
observed the same name of Broderip given to two distinct species, neither of
which was the shell figured in the ‘ Transactions,’ which still appears under
another name. On searching also for the types of shells described in the
“Proceedings, within a few weeks after they had been communicated, the
names indeed were found, but fastened to very different shells from what the
author had intended. All these errors had arisen from the number-tickets
with the shells referring to the catalogues having been misplaced.

17. As human life is so short, and-those who have the inclination for
scientific pursuits have generally so little leisure, it is a serious evil when so
large a proportion of that little has to be devoted to the labour of making
out the errors of predecessors. We therefore venture to suggest some points
which may be worthy of the consideration of the leaders in science. First,
whether the Government, which often spends large sums in the production
of important and expensive works, might not spend a portion of that sum in
presenting copies, or selling them at a reduced rate, to the various free mu-
seums and libraries in the country. Secondly, whether the British Associa-
tion (which has already catalogued the stars), or some other public body,
might not undertake the work of cataloguing the existing species in different
departments of natural history*. And thirdly, whether. a general registry
office could be agreed upon by naturalists of all nations, which might have
branch stations in the various capitals, and to which Latin copies of all de-
scriptions of new species should be sent, by every naturalist who wished to
retain the rights of priority ; to be accompanied by information where the
type specimen was to be found.

18. But the foundation-point of all our inquiries must be the discrimi-
nation of species themselves as they exist in nature. And here those labour
under great disadvantage who can only consult the “ espéces de cabinet,” in
which, for the sake of saving room, single or very few specimens are exhi-
bited ; since, in the case of variable species, it is quite easy to pick out
several extreme forms which shall apparently be even more distinct than
those which all allow to be separate species. Every description therefore
which is founded on single or extremely few specimens must be regarded as
only provisional, till their circumstances of variation are known. And
he, perhaps, is doing more useful work, who has obtained materials by
which a full knowledge of the variable powers of mollusks may be attained,
than he who only describes a number of single independent forms. Those

* Or if this should be regarded as too great a work, the preparation of cheap digests of
species like Mr. Hanley’s admirable ‘Recent Bivalve Shells,’ and figures intermediate
between those of Wood and the Monographs, are greatly to be desired. Now that Mr. Wood-
ward’s text-book is making the study of Mollusks so popular, the need for such books of species
is becoming extensively felt. ‘The publication also of cheap abstracts of expensive books, such
as are given in the ‘ Zeit. f. Mal.,’ would be of great service to students,

166 REPORT—1856.

who would study species in a comprehensive manner might advantageously
consult the canons given in Dr. W. B. Carpenter’s Researches on Orbitolites,
‘Trans. Roy. Soc.’ 1855, pp. 226-230. It must not be expected, however,
that creatures (comparatively speaking) so highly organized as mollusks,
should assume such abnormal forms as the lower animals and plants. Often
indeed one species will greatly vary, while another, closely allied, is constant
in its characters; or differences will be found between the shells of a single
species, which in another tribe would justly entitle them to generic separa-
tion. No general rules therefore can be given to guide the student. But it
is required of him that he should faithfully use all the materials at his com-
mand ; not being satisfied with an examination of particular forms, but care-
fully working through those shells especially which many would cast aside
simply because they were puzzling, or were not fine speciméns. Those
whose work lies mainly among picked collectors’ shells are recommended to
study the series of fossils arranged by Prof. E. Forbes in the Museum of
Practical Geology, and the large suites illustrating particular species in the
British Museum Mazatlan Collection.

19. It is, however, by no means recommended that we should abstain
from describing new forms, because it may afterwards be discovered that
they are conspecific with others previously found. The great point is, that
we should be guided in those matters that are least known by the experience
gained by studying carefully ascertained species in their varied develop-
ments; and that we should not desire the maintenance of species simply
because they have once been published, when further light assigns to them
a subordinate place. Those writers are therefore not to be blamed who
have multiplied species simply from a want of sufficient materials. Thus
when C. B. Adams described as five distinct species the Cecum pygmeum,
diminutum, monstrosum, eburneum, and firmatum, which seem only stages in
the development of the same shell, he did carefully, according to the then
state of knowledge, what a naturalist of less accuracy would have passed
over as one shell, simply from not having found out the differences. But
when the further discovery of many hundreds of individuals proves that they
are identical, a higher point of knowledge is reached, according to which all
examinations in the same group may be henceforth interpreted till some yet
higher generalization is attained.

20. But when species are constituted or disregarded, simply in obedience
to a theory, injury is done to the progress of science. Thus a recent author
on the British Fauna appears unwilling to believe in the existence of species
other than what occur on the South Devon coast; and accordingly unites
together many which have been constituted by the most accurate naturalists,
but which, from their northern station, he had not an opportunity of study-
ing. And on the other hand, the principal American conchologists, having
assumed a theory that no species can be found in two distinet provinces
unless we can see a way by which they may have moved from one to the
other, forthwith proceed to describe as new everything which makes its ap-
pearance on an unexpected side of the coast. Undoubtedly it is by far the
most easy way of studying a fauna merely to consult those works which
apply to that fauna, and to describe as new whatever is not found therein;
but we must beware lest we be forcing Nature into our own form. Now,
just as we give a species already constituted the benefit of a doubt, till we
be fairly able to prove its identity with another, so we may suppose shells
different from opposite coasts, till we can prove them the same. But, in the

language of the late Dr. Binney*, “until the question of the identity of

* Terrestrial and Air-breathing Molluscs of the United States, edited by Dr. Gould, Boston,
1851, vol. i. chap. 3.

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 167

these closely allied species has been decided by their anatomy, we believe
it to be perfectly safe to adopt this axiom,—that species, whencesoever
derived, possessing the same characters, are identical. We view this to be a
more rational course than to consider them to be the analogues of each
other; a convenient but very indefinite mode of expression, which may be
used to cover every degree of similitude, from a general analogy to a close |
affinity hardly admitting of distinction*.”

21. As far as facts already ascertained justify us in drawing any conclu-
sions, it would appear that while the shells in each of the great provinces
throughout the world are in the main remarkably distinct from each other,
there are in each fauna (1) many shells which are parallel with those from
other seas ; (2) some which are nearly ubiquitous, and often extend far
back in geological age ; and (3) others which, though by no means widely
diffused, reappear very unexpectedly in far-distant seas. Thus Philippi and
Hanley quote shells common to the Mediterranean and Australia; Mr.
Cuming finds the British Lucina borealis and Nassa incrassata at the Philip-
pines; and even Mr. Hinds can trace no difference between a Neera of the
China Seas and the European J. costellata. As to the line of demarcation
between species and varieties, that must remain in many cases a matter of
individual opinion. Those who, with Prof. Adams, can speak of the different
species of Man (Conch. Contr. p. 87; a view more congenial to the “ pe-
culiar institution” of the stripe-Hagged United States thati to the readers of
Pritchard’s Physical History), may be expected to constitute species of
shells on characters which to others will appear of secondary importance ;
while those who have been in the habit of examining large multitudes of
specimens will take a larger view of the probable extent of specific variation.
These differences will be taken into account in comparing the works of one
naturalist with another. |

22. Having thus shown the grounds of caution in using the materials by

which a knowledge of local faunz is to be derived, we proceed to examine,

one by one, the sources of information which have been discovered with
regard to the Mollusca of the two great divisions of the West N. American
fauna. The localities to which they principally refer may be arranged as
follows :-—

I. Bornean Fauna. a. Circumpolar. Icy Cape, lat.f 70°5°. Behring’s Straits, on
the Arctic circle. ‘“ Behring Sea.”

B. Asiatic. Sea of Okhotsk, with the Schantar Is., 55°. Kurule Is., from Japan
to Kamtschatka. Petropaulovski, 52°5°. Cape Lopatka, 51°: from which
the Aleutian Is. extend to

c. American. Prom. Aliaska. Those most explored are, Is. Kodiak, 57°; Oona-
lashka, 54°; Atcha, 53°. Norfolk Sound in King George’s Archipelago. Sitcha,
58°, im the parallel of the Hebrides.

IJ, Temperate Fauna. A. Oregon. (Parallel of France.) Vancouver’s Is. 49°-51°,
with Nootka Is. and Sound; separated on the south from the mainland (of
which the extreme point is Cape Classet) by the Straits of San Juan de Fnaco,
at the S. end of which is Ft. Nisqually, 47°. At the mouth of Columbia River
are Townsend and Discovery Harbour, 46°. Up the river is Ft. Walla Walla.
R. Willamette flows upwards into the R. Columbia, near Ft. Vancouver, 46°.

B. Upper California. (Parallel of the Mediterranean.) ‘“ Colonie Russe,” or Bo-
degas, 38°. San Francisco and R. Sacramento, 37°5°. Monterey, 36°5°. Sta
Barbara, 34°. Is. Catalina, 34°%.

* Vide Prof. Agassiz on the “ Geographical Distribution of Animals,” in the ‘ Christian
\ixaminer,’ Boston, March and July 1850.
_ The degrees are only given approximately.

{ Another Is. Catalina is in the Gulf.

168 — REPORT—1856.

c. Peninsula of Old or Lower California, 23-32°, Pacific Shores. (Parallel of the
Canaries.) San Pedro, near Is. Catalina. San Diego, 33°*. Bay of Magda-
lena, with Is. Margarita, 245°. Cape St. Lucas, 23°.

III. Trortcat Fauna. A. Gulf District. (Tropic —? 32°). a. Californian Coast.
Cape Palmat, 23°5°. La Paz, 24°. Is. and Cape San Jose, 25°¢. Loretto and
Bay of San Juan, 26°5°.§ Gulf San Miguel, 29°||. 0. Mexican Coast. Guay-
mas, 28°. Lobos Is. 27°. Mazatlan, 23° (with the Is. Crestin, Ciervo, Per-
mano, Venado, &c.). Is. Tres Marias, 22°. Isabella Is., between these and
San Blas, 21°5°.

B. Mexican and Central American District. (Parallel of Senegambia.) Reyvillagi-
gedos Is. 18°. not yet searched, perhaps connected with the Gulf fauna. Aca-
pulco, 17°. Gulf Tehuantepec, 16°. Sonsonati and Guacomayo (or Guaya-
moco), 14°. Gulf of Fonseca or Conchagua, 14°. Realejo or Real Llejos, 13°.
Gulf of Papagayo, 11°. Gulf of Nicoya, 10°, with Punta Arenas within the
Gulf, and Cape Blanco at the entrance. Gulf of Dulce**, or Bay of Costa Rica,
with Is. of Cafia and Pueblo Nuovo, 9°. Bay of Moutijo and Bay of Honda, 8°.
Is. of Quibo, 7°.

c. Panama District. (Parallel of Liberia.) The town is in lat. 8° 49’, and in the
Bay are the Is. of Taboga, Rey, Perico, San Jose, and SabogaTf.

D. Ecuador District. Atacamas, with Cape San Francisco{{, 1° N. Bay of Ca-
raccas, ‘5° S. Is. Plata, 1°. Gulf of Guayaquil, with Punta St. Elena, Punta
Arenas and Is. Puna, 2°. Payta, 5°.

E. Galapagos or Tortoise Is., on the equator in long. 90°, consisting of six large
and seven smail islands; those most quoted are, Charles Is., James Is., Albe-
marle Is., Chatham Is., and Hood’s Is.§$§

23. Searcely any mention is made of W. American shells by Linnzus,
Chemnitz, and the older conchologists generally. A very few handsome
species from the Panama province, such as Oliva porphyria, &c., had found
their way into European collections and books, perhaps through the pearl
oyster trade; or even, it may be, introduced indirectly through East Indian
commerce. But our first direct acquaintance with the shells of the Panama

* The shells of this place rank somewhat better with Lower than with Upper California,
with which it is locally and politically connected. It was the first settlement on the coast,
having been founded by the Jesuits in 1769. There is another San Diego in the Gulf of
Tehuantepec.

+ Not to be confounded with Cape Palmar, on the equator, in long. 80°; nor with Cape
Palmas on the Guinea coast, where are islands (St. Thomas and St. Vincent) liable to be
associated with the Antilles.

{ There is also a San Jose between the two capes at the end of the promontory, and
another in the harbour of San Francisco. An island of the same name is in the Bay of
Panama.

§ Besides this station and the Straits of De Fuca, there is aSan Juan on the opposite shore
near Guaymas; another near San Blas; a Point on the coast near Lake Nicaragua; and a little
island between Is. Catalina and San Diego.

|| There is another San Miguel near the Bay of Fonseca, in long. 88°5°; also a port in the
Bay of Panama, lat. S° 10’; and an island outside Sta Barbara.

¥ Not to be confounded with Lobos Is., Peru.

** Another Gulf of Dulce opens out of the Bay of Honduras.

tf This is quoted by Prof. Adams as a corruption of Taboga. It is, however, marked in
the charts as a very small island, N.W. of San Jose and one-third of the distance between
that and Taboga. A river Chiriqui is also quoted as in the Bay of Panama. Perhaps it is
near the town of the same name in Veragua. There is another Chiriqui between Greytown
and Chagres.

tt There is a Bay of San Francisco in Lower California on the Pacific side, in lat. 30°, and
another near San Miguel within the Gulf. Also a Bar of the same name in the Gulf of Tehu-
antepec.

§§ Another Hood’s Is, is in lat. 21°S., long. 185° W. Which of these is the “‘ Lord Hood’s
Is.” often quoted in Mr. Cuming’s Coll., is not known. It is possible that some species be-
longing to the Galapagos fauna have been passed over, from their being assigned to the Poly-
nesian station.

ee

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA... 169

province is due to the French botanist, Joseph Dombey. He arrived in
Peru in 1778, and brought home several shells, of which eight species are
described by Lamarck*. (C. B. Adams.)

24. The earliest authentic collections, however, made on the Pacific shores
of N. America, were obtained by the celebrated Baron Humboldt and his
companion M. Bonpland. In 1803 they reached Peru, whence they sailed
to Acapulco. It is to be regretted that they did not themselves describe the
shells they brought. They were seen, indeed, by Lamarck, who described
eleven species from them; but the detailed account was entrusted to M. Va-
lenciennes, and was not published till 1833, the descriptions having been
written in Nov. 1831+. Jn vol. ii. of “ Recueil d’ Observations de Zoologie et
d’Anatomie Comparée, faites dans Océan Atlantique, dans l’Intérieur du
Nouveau Continent, et dans la Mer du Sud pendant les années 1799-1803,

* An important aid in the understanding of the Lamarckian species was given by M. De-
lessert, who published a magnificent volume of plates entitled ‘ Recueil de Coquilles décrites
par Lamarck dans son Hist. Nat. des An. s. Vert. et non encore figurées. Paris, 1841.” A
copy may be seen in the library of the Linn. Soc., and a list of species is given by Menke in
his ‘ Zeit. f. Mal.’ June 1844, pp. 83-95.

tT The following Table may aid the student in deciding questions of priority: the lists
being given in the approximate order of collection; the order of publication being very
different.

SS . -| 3
8& «.| @ | Be] 28
ae) aera c= ae =
aa za|s S S| aa
a 1778 Lam. A.s.V. eg DIOMUIEY Ses csaahactncncerssa ee —
2 Do.
9 } 1803 Voy. 1833 \ rhe Humboldt and Bonpland.. —|—_—
3} 1822-1825) 1826-1830 | Coquille |Lesson.........cocsccssscoeees —
5| 1823-1826] 1829-1833 ae Eschiscltoltz. ivi sBenengins —
4 1825-28 1829 Z. J. Blossom |Beechey and Belcher ——|——_ |__| __—
1] 1839 Voy. alike inc tax Ae ac
12} 1826-1836 1839 J | Adventure | capts. King and Darwin Gal.
‘| | and Beagle
18! 1826-1833 1847 Py D’Orbigny ooiais/e(5: vip pjefeiinierstorste a
8) 1827-1830} 1832-56 a CUMMERY cpensatv ses scascsavt es
oe ee 1832 Blainv.
Oa 1833 Duclos } Botte sseieva sessed a
10| 1834-1835) 1836, 37 see INGCt A eve sine unyee voonsc ne eb Sy —|——
21} 1836-1837) 1847-51 Bonite |Eydoux and Souleyet...... woe
13 1836-39 Desh. 1839-40 Vv DuPetitThouars,Chiron,
16 Voy. 1846 eS lia Perouse’ <3 0.3.20
14] 1836-1842 1% P. 1843 | suiphur {Belcher and Hinds Ns aes LD ie
Voy. 1844 p SLIICS secvcvees
17| 1839-1842) 1s46— J|U- agi | Witkes, Couthony Spe. [ee
20} 1843-1844} 1847-51 Sen Middendorff ..........s00 — |
ee ESOP Fi cutenadar CPR pp ) cssanquacgueananteat oa
25) 1846-1848) 1851-56 | Mexic. war |Jewett, Green, and Rich... | |
|) ED OEELE 1847 ae MGlCHErs: ccassedes caseassceees —.
24| 1848-1849) 1850-51 ite MGCICHGES Finns cnatinecsusse ses —
EP 1850 Pandora |Kellett and Wood ......... — | |
30} 1848-1850 1856 ane IRCIP CU TyseaceVees ys oe’ peagtess —
Met </ des aseahs 1850 WEISOM sh wideess cnt tel eee es —|——
26 1850 1852 ay Co PA oiais a\o0's vinings ole ——
29; 1854 1856 od OHIBISE RET ONG soca victaeas segue —
Mt covers - 1855 aia Blake and Webb....... 80 ¢66{———|———

28 1856 1856 eee Bridges COP oeeePeecrenseoveen ae

170 REPORT—1856.

par Al. de Humboldt et A. Bonpland; Paris, 1833,” will be found the
“ Mollusques, décrites par A. Valenciennes,” pp: 217-339. Several of the —
shells are from the East Indies; and of those assigned to Acapulco, many
appear to have crossed the Pacific by the agency of man. The list of Aca-
pulco shells; however, as it appears, is as follows :—

Paige. Plate. Fig. . ;

222 48 2a,b. Tellina petalum, Val. Acapulco. Almost exactly like T. solidula.

221 50 3a,b,c,4. Donax radiata, Val. Pacific shores of equatorial America.
This appears to be either D. punctatostriatus, Hanl. var., or
D. Conradi, Desh., probably the latter; but the deseription
is not sufficiently accurate to claim priority.

219 48 1a;b,c. Venus succincta, Val. Acapulco. Probably = Anomalocardia
subimbricata, Sow. or V. neglecta, Gray.

COU Ou 2: Anodonta glauca, Val. Acapulco. Appears exactly to accord
with Anodon ciconia, Gould, except that it is said to be white
within. Perhaps described from a single specimet.

945 55 1la,b. Bulimis undatus, Lam. Mexico. =Orthalicus zebra, Miill.

247 56 1a,d. Bulimus Mewxicanus, Lam. Mexico. The shell described in B. M.
Maz. Cat. p. 177. no. 234, may be the young of this species.

267 ... « Haliotis Californiana, Val. California.

2(3 is iv . Turbo pee serpents, [quasij Val. Acapulco. =Tegula p., Mawe.

263... .« Nerita tertilis, Lmn., Lam. Acapulco.

264... ... Nerita papilionacea, Val. Acapulco. Differs from the last m
having fewer ribs, and granulations on the lip. Lat. °83.

275 ... « Turritella gonostoma, Val. Acapulco, | Jun.].

276... .. Turritella leucostoma, Val. Acapulco.

S]/ it ... Cerithium musica, Val. Acapulco. Described from one sp. long.
1-25 : said to resemble C. iteratum, Brug. (not Born and Gualf.).

278 ... «.. Cerithium granosum, Val. Acapulco. Probably a Cerithidea.

a ae ... Cerithium stercus-muscarum, Val.* Acapulco.

279 ... . Cerithium fragaria, Val.* “One sp. fished at Atapulco,” plaited
like Fasciolaria, resembles C. lima, long. 1: +. Comp. Vertagus
gemmatus, Hds. jun.

282 ... «s Cerithium varicosum, [quasi] Val. Probably Cerithidea varicosa,
Sow.t

252 56 2a,b. Paludina carinata, Val. ‘“ Mexico :” on which side of the moun-
tains is not stated.

I ECY cus ... Tectarius coronatus, Val. Acapulco.

334 ... .. Cyprea radians, Lam. Acapulco.

334 ... ..s Cyprea arabicula, Lam: Acapulco.

334... «5 Cyprea Lamarcku, Ducl. Acapulco.

307... «+ Strombus troglodytes, Lam. Acapulco.

308 57 4a,6. Strombus cancellatus; Lam. Acapulco.

336... ... Conus regius, Brug. & Lam. Acapulco. =C. princeps, Linn.

336 ... «Conus lineolatus, Val. Acapulco. Like the last.

337... 0s ~— Conus cinctus, Val. Acapulco. Like C. hyena.

338... .s Conus scalaris, Val. Acapuleo. The recent analogue of C. de-
perditus, Lam.

269 ... «+» Solarium granulatum, Lam. Acapulco.

269... «1 Solarium granosum, Val. Acapulco. “The living analogue of the
Italian fossil, S. millegranum.”

270... . Solarium bicanaliculatum. Val. Acapulco. .

265 57 3a,b. Natica Bonplandi, Val. Acapulco. =N. patula, Sow. teste Val. ;
but probably a distinct species, as it is described “ callo sub-
divigo.”

* Thesé species are not noticed by Sow. jun. in his recent Monograph. His “C. granoswm,
‘Kien.” is an Australian species, like C. corallium; and his “C. musieum, nob.” is like C. vulga-
tum, but from the Cape de Verd Islands. ;
_ f C. Humboldti, Val.=C. Pacificum, Sow. teste Jay.

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 171

Page. Plate. Fig.
332 . Mitra babea, Val. Acapulco. Resembles M. Vulpecula, &c.

286... ... + Fasciolaria canaliculata, Val. Acapulco. Resembles F. tulipa.
Long. 2°33.

286... .. Fasciolaria rugosa, Val. Acapulco. Long.*42, Probably a young
Latyrus.

983... .. Turbinella ardeola, Val. Acapulco. =T. cesius, Brod. Accord-
ing to Val. the Leucozonia (Monoceros) cingulata was not
brought by Bonpland, as Lam. supposed.

334 ... .... Oliva testacea, Lam. Acapulco.

334 ... ... Oliva volutella, Lam. Acapulco.

334 ... «.. Oliva zonalis, Lam. Acapulco.

310 ... ... Cassis centiquadrata, Val.’ Acapulco.

311... «... Cassis doliata, Val. Acapulco.

312... «. Cassis testiculus, Linn. Acapulco. (W. Indian.)

313... .. Cassis coarctata, Wood. ‘‘ West shores of South America, near
Acapulco.” In p. 338, the author again refers to Acapulco as
in South America. [= Levenia c., Gray. |

323... .... Harpa scriba, Val. Acapuico.

325... «. Malea* latilabris, Val. Acapulco. “ =Buccinum ringens, Wood.”

327 ... ... Maleacrassilabris, Val. Acapulco. Described from a single sp.,
and probably a var. of Malea ringens.

328... ... Buccinum leiocheilos, Val. Acapulco.

329... ... Columbella, allied to rustica. Acapulco. Doubtless C. fuscata, Sow.

330... ... Columbella strombiformis, Lam. Acapulco.

(331 =... ... Columbella gibbosa, Val. Acapulco. “= C. strombiformis, pars,

Sow. Gen. f. 1.” Appears to be a variety of the last, and not

C. major, as it is described with a yellow border to the aper-

ture, and white spots on the back.

(331... ... Columbella costata, Val. Acapulco. Possibly = Anachis coro-

nata, Sow.

(314... ... Purpura patula, Linn. Three individuals were labelled “ South

Sea” by Bonpland: Val. confesses that no difference can be

traced between these and the W. Indian shells. .

315... ... Purpura undata, Lam. Acapulco. =P. biserialis, Blainv. Val. says

that he has compared this shell with the Lamarckiah type, but

confesses that his description (according to him, by a lapsus
calami) does not agree. Kiener figures the P. uidata, Lam.

t for a different W. Indian shell, and is probably right.

316... «s Purpura speciosa, Val. Acapulco. =P. centiquadra, Val. MS.

= P. triserialis, Blamv.

316 .:. ... Purpura canaliculata, Val. Acapulco. Long. ‘66.

317... ... Purpura semi-imbricata, Lam. Acapulco.

318... .... Purpura (Monoceros) crassilabrum, Lam. Acapulco.

287 ... =... Fusus turris, Val. Acapulco. Like F. colus. Long. 6°.

288 ... ... Fusus cancellatus, Val. Acapulco. Like Trophon fenestratus.

Long. 1°42.

290 ... .. Fusus i lagellanicus, Gmel., Lam. (‘Trophon). “== T. fimbriatum,

Mart. S. America and Acapulco.” [?]

291 ... «. Pyrula patula, Brod. Acapulco.

eis .«» Pyrula vespertilio, Gmel. (Murex). =P. carnaria, Enc. Acapulco.

94 ... ... Pyrula (Ficula) reticulata, Lam. “S. America.”

295... «. Pyrula (Ficula) ficoides, Lam. “ With the preceding at Acapulco.”

296... ... Pyrula spirata, Lam. Acapulco (Bonpland).

04... ... Tritonium hemastoma, Val. Acapuleo. Very like pileare, Linn.

05 .:. .... Tritonium macrodon, Val. Acapuleo. Like the last.

|. lL .. Tritonium decussatum, Val. Acapulco. ike Distortio anus.

297 «0. ~=0see ~—S Ranella crumenoides, Blainy. “ =R. crumena, Brod. Zool. Journ.

Suppl. pl. 11. fig. 2.”

* Although this genus is properly defined in Latin, Messrs. H. and A. Adams (Gen. vol. i.
. 196) lay it aside in order to introduce an unknown name, Cadiwm, previously given by Link.

er Goer %

Pig? fo a
ItUG4 G

172 REPORT—1856.

Page. Plate. Fig.
298 4... Ranella granifera, Lam. Acapulco.

299... «. Murex radix, Gmel. Acapulco.

gue 3. ... Murex tricolor, Val. = M. regius, Swains. (recte).

301... ... Murex bicolor, Val. = M. regius, Schub. & Wagn. (male). “ With
the last at Acapulco.”

302... ... Murex erinaceoides, Val. Acapulco.

This list, being the largest known from Acapulco, would have been ex-
tremely valuable, could it have been depended on for accuracy. But (1) the:
presence of several well-known E. Indian and other foreign shells (supposed
by Prof. Adams to have been obtained from the inhabitants, the relics of
former trade with the Philippines) endangers the authenticity of others,
unless there be further confirmation. And (2) the description of the species,
although set forth with not a little display, is performed in so loose a man-
ner, that it is impossible to speak of them with confidence without an inspec-
tion of the types. It will be seen that the author adopts a course, too com-
mon among French naturalists, of changing the specific when he alters the
generic name, appending his own authority for the species; and that when
two authors have used the same name for a shell, instead of preserving the
right and re-naming the wrong, he has given his own names to both species.

25. In the “ Voyage autour du Monde sur la Coquille, pendant les années
1822-5, par L. I. Duperrey, Paris, 1826” (plates only), the following are the
only two species connected with this province :—

“Moll. pl. 11. f. 1, 1’, Natica glauca, Humb. Peru :” = N. patula, Sow. |
* Moll. pl. 15. f. 2, 2A, Calyptrea Adolphei, Less.,” has the animal represented ©
in the reversed position : = Crepidula dilatata, Lam.

From the text (not seen) are quoted, among others—

P. 421. No. 198 (1830), Patella scurra, Less.
Pi2819; Patella clypeaster, Less.

26. The earliest known collector on the North-west shores of America
was the justly celebrated Dr. Johann Friedr. Eschscholtz, Professor and
Director of the Zoological Museums in the University of Dorpat. He ac-
companied an expedition in the Russian ship Predpriaetié, commanded by
Capt. Kotzebue, during the years 1823-6, which, after sailing round Cape
Horn, and visiting the Bay of Conception in Chili, proceeded by the Sand-
wich Islands to Kamtschatka, reaching Petropaulovski June 22, 1824.
Thence they proceeded along the north-west coast of America to Sitcha, and
in October and November to San Francisco and the Rio Sacramento. In
the following year-they again sailed by the Sandwich Islands to Norfolk
Sound, Sitcha; thence to Manilla; and returned vid St. Helena. During
this time Eschscholtz collected 2400 species belonging to all divisions of the
animal kingdom; including 10 sp. of Cephalopoda, 172 Gasteropoda, 45
Lamellibranchiata, and 28 Tunicata*. The description of the new species
was commenced by Eschscholtz in the “ Zoologischer Atlas, enthaltend Abbil-
dungen und Beschreibungen neuer Thierarten, Berlin, May 1829 ;” but he
died of nervous fever, May 7, 1831, at the early age of 37 years. The work
was brought to a conclusion in the year 1833 (from the author’s MSS.) by
Dr. Mariin Heinrich Rathke, who appears to have succeeded him in the
chair at Dorpat+. The following is the brief list of the species bearing on

* The plants collected during the expedition appear to have been described by Eschscholtz
immediately after his return, in the Mémoires de l’Acad. de St. Pétersbourg, vol. x. p. 281—
292 (1826), “ Descriptiones plantarum nove California, adjectis florum exoticorum analysibus.’

tT An analysis of the Mollusca in this work is given by Menke in the Zeit. f. Mal. May 1844
pp. 70-76.

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 173

our present inquiry. The descriptions are in Latin, the localities accurately
recorded, and the work illustrated with plates which are tolerably charac-
teristic.

Part. Page. Plate. Fig.

2 10 9 1. Murex monodon, Esch. Sitcha. = M. foliatus, Gmel. teste Rve.
= M. tripterus, Lam. teste Sow.=M. alata, Chemn. teste Sow.

. Murex ferrugineus, Esch. Sitcha. = M. lactuca, var. (Midd.).

. Murex lactuca, Esch. Sitcha.

. Murex multicostatus, Esch. Sitcha. =Trophon clathratus, Linn.
teste Midd.

. Pleuropus pellucidus, Esch. South Sea (Pacific), near Equator.

. Creseis cornucopie, Esch. South Sea, near the “ niedern Inseln.”

. Creseis caligula, Esch. South Sea, near Equator.

. Eolidia pinnata, Esch. Sitcha.

Cavolina crassicornis, Esch. Sitcha.

. Cavolina subrosacea, Esch. Sitcha, on Fuci.

. Glaucus Pacificus, Esch. Intertropical Pacific.

. Glaucus draco, Esch. Equatorial Pacific.

. Phylliroé Lichtensteinii, Esch. Pacific, west of Sandwich Islands.

Acmea. Animal and shell described.

. Acmea mitra, Esch. = Patella scurra, Less. = Scurria mitra,
Gray, Gen. =? Lottia pallida, Gray, Zool. Beech. Voy. Sitcha.
This shell is very abundant on the coasts of Chili (Cuming),
and is also common near Monterey (Nuttall), but is not found
in tropical America.

5 18 ... .. Aemea mammillata, Esch. Sitcha. = Scurria mitra, var. teste

Phil., Midd.
5 19 ... ... Acmea marmorea, Esch. Sitcha. =Scurria mitra, var. teste Midd.
5 19 24 3. Acmea cassis, Esch. Sitcha. The northern analogue of P.
deaurata, Gmel., from the Magellan Straits. Probably = P.
exarata, (Nutt. MS.) Rve. Conch. Ic. pl. 19. sp. 47: var. pl. 24.
f.62a,6. Oregon, Lieut. Baskerville. ? =P. Mazatlandica,
Gray.
w. «.- Acmea pelta, Esch. Sitcha. = P. leucophea, (Nutt. MS.) Rve.
Conch. Ic. 34. 101.+ P. monticola, Nutt. MS. (= P. monticolor,
Jay, Cat. 2844)+ P. strigillata, (Nutt. MS.) Jay, Cat. 2881.
5 19 23 1-3. Acmea scutum, Esch. Sitcha, (Chili, Bolivia, Peru, D’Ord.),
= A. patina, var. teste Phil., Midd.
5 19 24 7,8. Acmea patina, Esch. Sitcha. =P. mammillata (Nutt. MS. non
Esch.), Rve. Conch. Ic. 42. 140. + P. tessellata, (Nutt. MS.)
Jay’s Cat. 2885.+ P. fenestrata, (Nutt. MS.) Rve. C. I. 38. 121.
+P. verriculata, Rve. C. I. 31. 87. California.+ P. cinis, Rve.
C. I. 24. 60. Monterey, Hartweg. ?+ P. Nuttalliana, Rve. C. I.
30. 81. Oregon. +P. Cumingii, Rve. C. I. 16. 37. Valparaiso,
Cuming, teste Rve.: “never took it,” Cuming, teste seipso.
Monterey, Hartweg, teste Mus. Cuming. ?+ P. diaphana (Nutt.
MS.) Jay, Cat. 28. 3, non Rve.+ Lottia pintadina, pars, Gould,
Exp. Sp. p. 9: v. B.M. Maz. Cat. p. 207. no. 265.*

fecae

—

io)
Hm Co LO

Hoh A RAD Rowe bwohwolhw
——
ON
—
1
Lh ATAWNH ATH

or
—_
ie)

* The above extensive citation of synonyms is the result of (1) the study of Eschscholtz’s
diagnoses :—(2) The judgment of them by Philippi, after seeing the types, as recorded in
Zeit. f. Mal. 1846, p. 106-8 :—(3) The fully recorded judgment of Middendorff in the Mal. Ross.
and Sib. Reise, in locis:—(4) The careful and repeated examination of Mr. Nuttall’s shells,
(a) in his own collection, aided by his recollection, and with the full concurrence of his judgment;
(b) in Dr. Jay’s catalogue; (c) in Mr. Cuming’s collection, as received from Nuttall, through
Jay, and figured by Reeve :—(5) The comparison with these of Dr. Gould’s specimens, col-
lected on the same coast by the officers of the United States’ Exploring Expedition and of the
Mexican war :—(6) The examination of the types of Mr. Reeve’s species in the Cumingian
collection :—-(7) The interpretation of all the above by the experience derived from the
repeated and most careful examination of many thousand (at least 15,000) Limpets in the

Mazatlan collection. It is offered as an approximation to the truth. It is a subject of great

174 REPORT—1856. fc )
Part. Page. Plate. Fig.
7 Sores -
Phil.
5 .20 24 1,2 Acmea persona, Esch. Sitcha. = P. Oregona, (Nutt. MS.) Rye.
Conch. Ic. pl. 36. sp. 112. + P. umbonata, (Nutt. MS.) Rve.
C. I. 35. 107. + P. pileata, (Nutt. MS.) Jay, Cat, 2861.
?= Lottia punctata, Gray : teste Midd. (non Quoy & Gaim.)
Dy cesiet. 4.0 ALIEN ancylus, Esch, Sitcha, = A. persona, teste Midd., non
il.*
5 20 23 7,8 Acmea digitalis, Esch.t
5 21 23 5 Fissurella aspera, Esch. Sitcha. ?= F. densiclathrata, Reeve.

Besides these, Philippi in Zeit. f. Mal. 1847, p. 118, deserihes Modiola
Californiensis, Esch. from a specimen brought by Eschscholtz, and by an
accident inscribed by him Pholas Californiensis in the Dorpat Museum. It
is intermediate between Lithophagus dactylus, &c., and L. cinnamomeus.

27. The ‘‘Catalogue of the Shells contained in the Collection of the late
Earl of Tankerville, with Appendix containing descriptions of many new

... Aemea radiata, Esch. Sitcha. =A. persona, jun, teste Midd., non

species, by G. B. Sowerby, Lond. 1825,” is a very interesting document, both —
as showing how few shells from the West N. American coast were then known, —

and also how early some of the most remarkable, as Crepidula adunea,
Lucapina crenulata, and others, had found their way to this country. The

following shells belong to our present subject of inquiry; those having page-—

references being properly described in the appendix.

Page. No, Page. No,
iv. 226. Donaz transversus. rare species, as we have never
ii. 116. Mactra elegans (figured). met with another specimen.”
» 208. Lucina punctata. Mart. iui, pl. 66. f. 733.
» 284. Cythereaaurantia(SouthSeas). xvi. 1786. Strombus granulatus.
vi. 796. Fissurella crenulata. xx. 1792. Strombus gracilior. .
-,, 808. Siphonaria gigas (Panama). xxi. 1826, Cassis coarctata. “ We believ
» 814. Calyptrea extinctorium [non it to be a New Zealand shell.”
Lam. }. xxi. 1824. Cassis ringens. “Forms a good
» 815, Calyptrea spinosa. genus, nearer in natural affini-
vii. 828. Crepidula adunca. ty to Dolium, to which D. po-
5, 1213. Haliotis Cracherodii. mumalso should be referred.”
», 1214. Haliotis Californiensis, and ,, 1843. Purpura columellaris.
others. » 1844. Purpura bicostalis.
xiii. 1418. Planaxis planicostatus (Gala- ,, 1888. Monoceros cymatum.
pagos). », 2002. Columbella strombiformis,
», 1401. Turbo bicarinatus (figured). » 2253. Cyprea pustulata.
xvi. 1553. Fasciolaria princeps. », 2263. Cyprea radians.
» 1672. Murex brassica. ,, 2290. Oliva porphyria.
xix. 1703. Murex monodon, Mart. iii. pl. ,, 2295. Oliva angulata.
105. f. 980, 987. xxi. 1984. Terebra strigata. “It is ex-
» 1673. Murex regius. tremely rare, only a few spe-
», 1675. Murex radix. cimens having been brought
xvi. 1614. Pyrula ventricosa. ‘We be- from the Panama.”

lieve it to be an extremely

regret that Mr. Reeve, in describing the Limpets ofthe West N. American coast, did not avail
himself of the previous labours of Eschscholtz, Middendorff and Menke in the same direction.
If an author professes that he cannot understand the labours of his predecessors, he is not
bound to add to them; but if he builds on their foundation, without making that foundation
his own, he cannot expect the stability of his edifice.

* Philippi regards 4. radiata+ancylus as forming quite a distinct species from A. persona.
He thinks that the locality-tickets have become misplaced, and that it is really from Chili.
He affiliates, from type, 4. punctata, D’Orb., which does not appear in the B.M. Cat., and
was not seen in his collection. There is no reason why the species should not reappear on
the Chili coast, as 4. patina and S, mitra seem to do. Middendorff confirms the northern
localities.

+ Judging from the figures and descriptions of this shell, I should have regarded it as the

|
{

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 175

28. The next expedition furnishing results belonging to our present sub-
‘Ject of inquiry was the “ Voyage to the Pacific and Beliring’s Straits, per-
formed in H.M.S. Blossom, under the command of Capt. F. W. Beechey,
R.N., F.R.S. &c., in the years 1825-28.” Capt. Beechey was principally
assisted in the collection of Mollusca by Lieut. Belcher. Unfortunately it
was not at that time thought necessary to mark the locality of specimens ;
and for a large proportion we have to depend on general notes or the me-
mory of the collectors. Of several very interesting species, however, the
locality was carefully preserved. A series of specimens having been pre-
sented to the Zoological Society, the new species were described at the
request of the Society by Messrs. Broderip and Sowerby in the Zoological
Journal, vol. iv. 1829, pp. 359-379, with Latin diagnoses and a plate, As
this list is valuable, both from its not being mixed with other collections and
from the known aceuracy of the writers, it is here presented entire.

399. Nucula arctica; a few sp. in Vatcha Bay, Kamtschatka. PI. 9. f. 1.
360. Mactra pallida, San Blas.
», Mactra subglobosa.

361. Corbula rostrata.
» Corbula gibbosa; 1 sp. Icy Cape. Page. Pl. Fig,
», Solen acutidens, Chinese Sea (Loo Choo)..........00¢: Z.B.V. 153 43 2
5, Solen tenuis, Northern Ocean.

362. Solen altus, Northern Ocean.

» JLellina Burneti, Mazatlan. Pl. 9. f. 2.

363. Tellina edentula, Behring’s Straits............secceeeee ners { ¥ ?
», Tellina alternidentata, Icy Cape ............0ceeeevece es 44 5
»» Tellina mconspicua, Icy Cape. 2 sp........,.ececeeeee epaeeey fe tae: a

= T. Grenlandica, Beck, MS.
» Tellinides purpureus, Pacific. (Real Llejos, Cuming.).... ,, 153 42 2

Mee arrere Posed, San Blas ,..,,. 05. -scesecepccces+eans cic tal ee
Meer ee, ae PAS... .. wk ct te te eee bees TOF “4bE3
» Cyrena Mexicana, Mazatlan. “In Mr. Sowerby’s Coll.”

The type appears to have been lost.

365, Astarte crassidens, Icey Cape. 1 sp.

Meme eeerewrmerad, ley Cape .... 1... cece ews e ease re vncs » 152 44 12
» Arca grandis.

Bemararamert, Mazatlan .........ccscccecssenncecsss ». to2, 4aca

366. Cardiwm Belcheri; 3 sp. taken north of Isabella Is. in the

entrance of the Gulf of California, 15 fm. PI. 9. f. 3.
»» Cardium radula (resembling C. muricatum).
», Cardium punctulatum. 1 sp.

367. Cardium Dioneum, Is. in S. Pacific.........0.0cccceuee 3 ee -42 6
» Cardium graniferum, Mazatlan: 6 inches in mud.
ye) Candia Cramgulatum oo. cc cece vee dee eee » 162 42 5

368. Cardium boreale, ley Cape.

2» Chiton albolineatus, Mazatlan...........-..0eceeceecs » 149 40 4
3, Chiton Loochooanus, Loo Choo.
Soe Cara, vesizzus, Arctic Ocean ., 44. o'.sic40emeles ne cmactnn sa trat below tke

369. Vermetus pellucidus. Probably the young of V. eburneus, Rve.

|» Patella Mexicana, Mazatlan. Long. 9 in.

», Dentalium semipolitum. (Like D. nebulosum.)

» Bulla calyculata, Pitcairn’s Island.
370. Crepidula incurvata, Kamtschatka.

», Fissurella hians, Valparaiso.

» LHmarginula crenulata.

——

young of A. persona, which is sometimes deeply ribbed, sometimes nearly smooth, Both
Philippi and Middendorff, however, regard it as a well-distinguished species,

176 REPORT—1856.

Page. Page. Pi. Fig.
3/0. Littorina squalida, Northern Ocean. Resembles L. littoreus.
371. Margarita umbilicalis, Northern Ocean.

»» Margarita striata, Northern Ocean ..........00eeeee: Z.B.V.143 34 11)

»» Stgaretus coriaceus, Northern Ocean : Cape Lisbon Bay.

» Neritina alata, Taheite.
372. Natica pallida, ley Cape... i... ceases ee cade Oalde Oe » 186 34915)

», Natica otis, Mazatlan. Comp. N. Galapagosa......... ao ae 4 ‘<

», Natica clausa, North Sea, Sabine.......... s PROPS ee 3, °° ie {37 q :

», Mitra crassidens.
373. Harpa gracilis.
374. Trichotropis bicarinata, 10-15 fms. Between Cape Lisbon
Bay and Icy Cape. PI. 9. f. 4-8.
375. Trichotropis borealis, Melville Is.: 1 sp. Lieut. Belcher, Icy
Cape.
us Mets boreale, Kamtschatka.

376. Columbella costellata, “Panama and Coast of Africa,’ Gray. ,, 129 36 9
» Nassa luteostoma = N. Xanthostoma, Gray ............ » | a7 ee
» Ricinula elegans. (Very like R. arachnoidea.)

Ranella nana.

377. Murex ducalis, near Mazatlan. = M. brassica, Lam. .... ,, 108 33 1
» Pyrula patula, Pacific (=T. melongena, var. n. 1611, Tank. 115 34 10
Oat G2.) ao. . ds oe Ree a eed oe oe eee } ass 135 1,3
378. Fusus lapillus, Pacific. = Buccinum subrostratum, Gray, ’ é‘
Wood Suppl. = Pyrulas., Gray, Z. BV... ..- 5 seen » 415 “ao an
» Fusus pallidus, Mazatlan. “A Fusus from the Calcaire
grossiére near Paris presents no observable marks of ‘
mimerence.” oe eT Pe ie oe oe ee oo... Lid age
» Pleurotoma tuberculifera, North of Isabella Is., entrance of
Gulf of California.
379. Conus arcuatus, near Mazatlan. ? =C. regularis, var..... Peet
», Conus interruptus, near Mazatlan. Resembles C. purpu-
PUSCOWS = AE Be dea alk Wk ia ae GE «0 tae 0 ae Pe Ck Ws oe
> Clee racitis. Pi ig Sa faa ks ss sake pane eee so. . keU. ~ gran

In a continuation of this paper (Zool. Journ. vol. v. pp. 46-51) are found
the following species :—
Page.
46. Chelyosoma MacLeayanum. Arctic Seas, on stones.
New genus (Tunicata), described.

48. Cytherea planulata. Near Mazatlan ............ecseee Z.B.V.151 43 64

49, Venus decorata. Hab.? Mus. Sow. Brought home in
the ‘ Blossom.’ Pl. Suppl. 40. f. 3.

The duty of describing the Mollusca of the ‘ Blossom’ was undertaken by
Mr. (now Dr.) J. E. Gray, who considered it a suitable occasion not only
for introducing descriptions of Mollusca collected in the Pacifie Ocean about
the same time by Capt. Lord Byron, Mr. Fryer, and the Rev. — Hennah,
and presented by them to the British Museum; but also for giving a com-
plete account (so far as materials then served) of the animals of the various
genera. This course delayed the completion of the work for nine years;
and it was at last only by entrusting the revisal and completion of the MS.
to Mr. Sowerby, that Capt. Beechey was enabled to publish the work in
July, 1839. For the reasons above stated, the “ Zoology of Captain Beechey’s
Voyage: Molluscous Animals and their Shells, by J. E. Gray, F.R.S. &c.,
London 1839,” is more valuable as a contribution to general conchological
and malacological knowledge than to the furtherance of geographical studies.

:

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 177

The following is a list of the additional species described, so far as they may
be supposed to belong to the West N. American province ; the references to
the species already described by Brod. and Sow. being appended to the
former list. The diagnoses are in English; the plates beautiful and accu-
rate, sometimes, however, too highly coloured.

Page. Plate. Fig.

108 33 4,6. Murex vitulinus [? non Lam. ]= Vitularia salebrosa, King, Zool. Journ.

v. 347.

109... ... Murex acanthopterus, “ Lam. 165 = M. monodon, Esch. =M. phyllo-
pterus, Sow. Gen. non Lam.=WM. foliatus, Wood = M. purpura
alata, Chemn. Pacific, N. Zealand, &c. [!] + M. trigonularis, Cab.
Lam. (filed down).”

109 ... ... Murex monodon, Sow. Tank. Cat. no. 1703.

109... = «0. Murex regius, Panama.

109 ... ... Murex radix, Panama. |

109... ... Murex radix, “wide-variced var. further north.”=M., nigritus, Phil.
+M. ambiguus, Rve.

109 j 33 1. Murex brassica, Lam. “ Further north still.’

110... ... Tritonium Chemnitzit. “ =Murex argus, var. Chemn.”

112 ... ... Pollia hemastoma. =Pisania sanguinolenta, Ducl.

113... =... Turbinella rigida, Gray in Wood Suppl.

114... .«.. Turbinella castanea, Pacific.

114... ... Turbinella cerata, Gray in Wood Suppl.

117. ... =... Fusus angulatus, North Sea.
‘d17~=«C«www Sw. Fusus Sabini, North Sea.
‘117 ~«Cw.. Sw. Fusus ventricosus.
117... ~«.. Fusus glacialis, Arctic Ocean.
117... +... Fusus fornicatus, Gmel., Icy Cape.

118 36 13. Fusus lamellosus, Icey Cape.

118 ... ... Fusus multicostatus, Esch. Northern Ocean.
‘419... ) =. Conus Ximenes, Panama.

122 34 _ 5. Harpa rosea crenata. = H. crenata, Swains., Pacitic.
124... ... Monoceros grande, Pacific.
(124 ~~... ... Monoceros punctatum, Pacific.
124 ... ... Monoceros lugubre, Sow. Gen. f. 3. = M. cymatum, (Soland.) Sow.
Tank. Cat. = Buccinum denticulatum,+B. amatum, Wood Suppl.
Pacific. (California, on rocks, teste Reeve.)
(125... ... Monoceros maculatum=Buccinum brevidentatum, Gray in Wood Suppl.
c = Purpura cornigera, Blainv. Pacific. [Mr. Gray assigns no
| reason for changing his own previous name. |
(127 36 6. Buccinum angulosum, Icy Cape.
(128 ... ... Buccinum polaris, ley Cape.
128 36 19. Buccinum tenue, Icy Cape.
/129.... ... Columbella cribraria, Lam.=C. mitriformis, Brod. and King.
131 36 25, Oliva zonalis, Lam.
1131 36 23, 27. Oliva undatella, Law.
131... ... Oliva lineolata, Gray. =Voluta Dama, Wood Suppl. 4; 37. ?Peru.
(131... =... Oliva volutella, Lam.
132... ... Aragonia hiatula, (Gray, not| Lam.= Oliva testacea, Lam. S. Amer.
1136 37 2. Natica borealis, North Sea, Sabine.
136 37 4. Natica suturalis, North Sea, Sabine and Beechey.
we» « Littorina fasciata, ? Pacific.
|143* 34 14. Trochiscus Norrisii, Sow., Mag. Nat. Hist. 2nd series.

1147 39 1.?Lottia pallida, Pacific. = Acmea mitra, Esch.t
| ™* From this page to the end, the work is edited by Mr, G. B. Sowerby, principally from
| Mr. Gray’s MS.
t As Mr. Gray quoted the Zool. Atl. in the earlier part of this work, it is remarkable that
‘he did not adopt Eschscholtz’s genus Acmaa, instead of Lottia, which, with others in the
Same work, appear only one step removed from the nonsense names of Adanson.
N

178 ) REPORT—1856. se

Page. Plate. Fig.

148 39 12. Patella Mazatlandica, Mazatlan. This species did not occur among —
the myriads of limpets lately sent from the same place. It closely —
esi Acmea cassis, Esch., and may really have come from the ©

orth.

150 41 15. Chiton tunicatus, Woed. Sitcha (teste Reeve). :

150 41 = 16. Chiton articulatus, Sow. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1832. San Blas, under stones.

150 41 17. Chiton setosus, Sow. P.Z. 8. 1832. Guacomayo.

150 43 9. Chama echinata, Brod. Trans. Zool. Soe. vol. i. p. 306. pl. 39. f. 5-7.
The specimen figured in these books, and in Chén. Conch. IIl., as a
very old individual of Ch. echinata, is proved by the series in the ©
B.M. Mazatlan Coll. to be a comparatively young shell of Chama —
frondosa, var. Mexicana. VY. Cat. p. 87. no. 121.

151 41 8. Venus neglecta, Central America, in sandy mud.

151 43 5. Venus biradiata. Found abundantly at San Blas and Mazatlan. = C,
squalida, Sow. = C. Chionea, Mke.

152 44 10. Astarte Banksii, Northern Seas.

152 44 9. Astarte 2? striata, Northern Seas.

152 42 4. Cardita crassa, Acapulco. |

152 42 7. Cardium Panamense, Sow. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1833, p.85. Sandy mud |

at Panama. The specimen here figured can hardly be distinguished
from the young of C. procerum.

152 42 3. Pectunculus inequalis, Sow. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1832, p. 196. Sandy
mud at Panama and Real Llejos. This is not the shell usually
known by this name, and is accordingly quoted by Krauss for a
S. African species.

154 44 4. Tellina proxima, Brown, MS. Arctic Ocean.

154 44 8. Mactra similis, Gray, MS. Northern Seas.

The following species are added on the authority of Mr. Reeve, in his
Conch. Icon. :—
Plate. Spec. my,
9 62. Fissurella Lincolni, Gray, Conch. Ill. p. 7. no. 62. f.40. Monterey, Belcher.
6 27. Turritella sanguinea, Rve. California, Mus. Belcher.
11 42. Murex imperialis, Swains. Zool. Ill. series 2. vol. ii. pl. 67. Mud banks,
Isabella Is., Cal., Belcher.

29. In the ‘‘Supplement to the Index Testaceologicus, by W. Wood,
F.R.S. &c., London, May 1828,” are figured several shells (principally with-
out habitats) which belong to the West N. American fauna, and which were
probably collected by Capt. Lord Byron, Rev. — Hennah, &e. Those
which are recognized are as follow :—

Plate. Fig.
1. Donaz scalpellum, B.M.
6. Venus subrugosa, Mawe. Panama.
1l. Arca pectiniformis, B.M. Closely resembling Pectunculus inequalis.
6. Conus gradatus, Mawe. California.
7. Cyprea arabicula, (Mawe) Lam. South Seas.
3. Bulla decussata, Mawe. Panama. (Ficula.)
26. Voluta harpa, Mawe.
36. Voluta cerulea, Mawe. = Oliva volutella, Lam.
37. Voluta Dama, Mawe. S. Sea. = O, lineolata, Gray.
1. Buccinum ringens, B.M. = Malea crassilabris, Val.
5. Buccinum coarctatum, Mawe. (Cassis.)
6. Buccinum Rudolphi, Mawe. = Purpura columellaris, Lam.
10. Buccinum brevidentatum, Mawe. (Monoceros.)
12. Buccinum armatum, Mawe. ?= Monoceros lugubre.
13. Buccinum tectum, Mawe. (Cuma.)
15. Buccinum Planaxis, Mawe. =Planazis laticostata, Sow.
18, Buccinum strombiforme, B.M. = Columbella strombiformis, Lam,

AAA BRAA AA A POOH 2b bobo

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 179

Plate. Fig.
23. Buccinum roseum, B.M. = Harpa rosea.
24. Buccinum minus, B.M. = Harpa minor.
1. Strombus gracilior, B.M.
13. Strombus galea, B.M.
14, Strombus galea, jun.
21. Strombus granulatus, B.M.
3. Murex rigidus, B.M. (Lathirus.)
13. Murex regius, Swains. South Seas.
15, Murex ceratus, Mawe. (Lathirus.)
19. Murex aculeatus, Mawe. = M. dubius.
1. Trochus undosus, Mawe. California. (Pomaulaz.)
. Trochus unguis, Mawe. California. (Uvanilla.)
3. Trochus olivaceus, Mawe. 8S. Sea. (Uvanilia.)
4. Trochus pellis-serpentis, Mawe. Panama. (Tegula.)
17. Trochus Byronianus, B.M. Sandwich Is. [?] (Omphalius.)
23. Trochus filosus, B.M.
44. Turbo fluctuosus, Mawe. (Callopoma.)
45. Turbo saxosus, Mawe. (Callopoma.)
2. Nerita patula, B.M. (Natica.) S. America.
4. Nerita ornata, B.M. S. America. = N. scabricosta, Lam.
2. Patella poculum, B.M.= Trochita radians, Lam.
3. Patella Peziza, B.M. = Crucibulum spinosum, Sow.
4, Patella scutellata, B.M. = Crucibulum imbricatum, Sow.

WOHDODDAAMNNMANANANAOhAAAAR
bo

30. In the Voyage of the Astrolabe to the Australian and East Indian

Seas during the years 1826-1829, of which the “ Zoology” was published by
MM. Quoy and Gaimard, Paris, 1830-35, there does not appear to have
been a single species collected identical with any from N. America. A list
of the Mollusca is given by Menke in the Zev. f. Mal. for March 1844,
pp- 38-48. The same result appears in East Indian and Polynesian voyages
generally, which therefore have not been collated.
_ $1. In the “ Description of the Cirrhipeda, Conchifera, and Mollusca in
_a Collection formed by the Officers of H.M.S. Adventure and Beagle, em-
ployed between the years 1826-1830 in surveying the southern coasts of
8. America, including the Straits of Magalhaens and the coast of Tierra del
| Fuego, by Capt. Philip P. King, R.N., F.R.S., assisted by W. J. Broderip,
Esq:, F.R.S.,” given in the Zool. Journ. vol. v. 1832, pp. 332-349, occur
very unexpectedly descriptions of the following species :—

No. 44. Ampullaria Cumingii. Is. Sabago, Bay of Panama, in a small hill stream.
| Received from Mr. Cuming. Mus. Brit., King, Brod.

|» 97. Murex salebrosus. Hab.? Mus. King, Sow.

|» 60. Triton scaber. Fished up with the anchor in Valparaiso Bay. Mus. King.

32. The most comprehensive and accurate materials for the knowledge of
the tropical Pacific fauna, are to be found in the collections made by Hugh
Cuming, Esq. In the year 1827 that gentleman set out on his first great
conchological voyage, and remained till 1830, exploring the West coast of
| America, at various stations from Chili to the Gulf of Fonseca or Conchagua,
In lat. about 13° N. He also visited various of the Pacific Islands, and
especially the Galapagos group. Mr. Cuming is the first collector on record
/who took notes, as accurate as was thought necessary, of the results of his
|dredgings. It is cause for the greatest regret that a systematic account of
/this expedition has never been published. The new shells brought home
| have indeed been to a great extent. described in the Proc. Zool. Soc. and
‘figured in the Monographs of Sowerby and Reeve. Of these the particulars
| of station and habitat have been recorded. But not only has the student to
n 2

180 REPORT—1856. ; .

wade through a number of works, at the risk of overlooking what belongs to
his purpose: he has also to find that many of the genera have never yet
been examined; and that, while new species are tabulated, the localities of
those before known are not given. If materials are yet accessible by which —
lists could be published of all the shells found by Mr. Cuming at different
places, separately, with particulars as to their frequency, as well as station,
such a work would be among the most valuable contributions to geographic
zoology yet given to the world. All notes of habitat recorded in the Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1832-1836, may be considered as very authentic*. After the
interruption caused by the second and great expedition of Mr. Cuming to ©
the Philippines, there is of course a possibility of error from the accidental ©
interchange of tickets belonging to different species. It is right to state that
the services rendered to malacological science by the researches of Mr. Cuming
are only equalled by the urbanity and readiness with which he allows the use
of them to scientific inquirerst, and to which the author is under very
peculiar obligations.

The following are the species observed in the Proc. Zool. Soc. Wherever
the localities or stations given in the illustrated Monographs differ from these,
the statements in the Proceedings must be regarded as of most authority.

Ne cE

1832. Depth
Page. Proc. Zoou. Soc.—Cuming. Station. in fms. Locality.
seer = jun.|u. s. & rock-ledges| 1. w. |James Island, Gallapagos.

25/Chitont Goodallii, Brod. { sen.|exposed =ieaainna noe Ditto ditto.
25 Stokesii, Brod. ........0... on stones l. w. |Panama, St. Elena.
26|—— limaciformis, Sow. ......... PEL ee: sesesee | eee |Guacom., Inner Lobos Is.
27|\—— Elenensis, Sow. .....,+0000s under stones | 1. w. |Pan., St. Elen.
27 setosus, Sow. ...... Ramee aa exposed situations} ... |Guacomayo.
28 scabriculus, Sow. ........000. under stones --- |Guac., Puerto Portrero.
28 retusus, SOW........65 dad Ledelleatn tidareeh ofthe acoee| eee J Ditto ditties

: 3 ab in mud, on dead
29|Placunanomia Cumingii, Brod. { ieceah ee eels tu Gulf of Dulce.

29/Dentalium tesseragonum, Sow...) sandy mud 10-16 |G. Nocoiyo, P.Port., Xipix.
30 Carocolla quadridentata, Brod... woods ew |G. Dulce.

* Tt is necessary, however, to use even these with caution; as, in the papers purporting to
describe shells collected by Mr. Cuming, species are introduced from places which he never
visited. All shells quoted from the Gulf of California, Acapulco, and stations north of the Bay
of Fonseca, are of this class. These were obtained, but not collected, by Mr. Cuming, and are
therefore liable to the errors of his informants. A remarkable instance of the way in which
mistakes arise will be found in P. Z. 8. 1833, p. 36, where Mr. Sowerby, in describing “ shells
collected by Mr. Cuming,” states that ‘‘ detached valves were picked up on the sands at Real
Llejos and Mazatlan.” In Mr. Reeve’s Monograph, which is supposed to be of perfect accu-
racy in all matters relating to the Cumingian Museum, we read that ‘a few odd valves of
this species were found by Mr. Cuming on the sands at Real Llejos and Mazatlan.”

+ Mr. Broderip, in commencing the description of the shells collected by Mr. Cuming in
his great expedition ‘to the Philippines, 1836-40, deservedly writes (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1840,
p. 84),—“ Mr. C., by his accurate notes, and the open publication of the places where every
one of the multitudinous species and varieties collected by him was found, has mainly assisted
in making a complete revolution in this department of the science, and has done more towards
giving us data for the geographical distribution of the testaceous Mollusca than any person
who has yet lived.” ’

+ Perhaps the first notice of Mr. Cuming’s labours occurs in a “ Description of several new
species of Chitones found on the coast of Chili in 1825, with a few remarks on the method o
taking and preserving them, by John Frembley, R.N.” (Zool. Journ, vol. iii. 1828, pp. 193-
205).. Among others, the author describes Chiton Cumingsii, ‘after his friend Mr. Cumings
of Valparaiso, whose zeal in the pursuit of this interesting science will, he is persuaded, soon
make a large addition to our present stock.” In connexion with this paper should be read
another, by the Rev. Lansdown Guilding, B.A., in the Zool. Journ. vol. v. pp. 25-35, “ Ob-
servations on the Chitonide; St. Vincent, May, 1829.” In this paper, the genus Acanthopleura
is properly characterized. ; ;

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.

181

Sipe. Proc. Zoou. Soc.—Cuming. Station. pee
31|Bulinus translucens, Brod. ...... on trees ss
32|Fasciolaria granosa, Brod......... mud banks a
33|/Voluta Cumingii, Brod....... PSO sesdidsccsscsves aaxes ¢g
50/Cancellaria solida, Sow. ......... sand 8-10
51 Dullatay SOW. ©. ..cckeccostee. mud 12
51/—— mitriformis, Sow....... 1 sp. sandy mud al
51|—— goniostoma, Sow....... 1 sp. sand 8
52|\—— clavatula, Sow. ..........ss00s sandy mud 7
OCG SOs . oocnscccvacbaccse| voceecccedodsseveadsc 15
53 cassidiformis, Sow. ......... sandy mud 16
53 acuminata, Sow. .........06. sandy mud 12
54|——. buccinoides, Sow......+...0+ sandy mud 7-15
54|—— indentata, Sow.......seecsccoe| seccsecsssccveceess vs eee
54|——— hzemastoma, Sow............. sand 10-16
54|—— chrysostoma, Sow. ......... sand 8-10
55|——. gemmulata, Sow. ....0....66. _ sandy mud cbs
55|—— decussata, Sow....ss.ssseeees sandy mud 10-13
55|—— bulbulus, Sow. ...2 sp. jun. sand 8-10
55|Scalaria diadema, Sow..........006| . Sine PRON dete as
55/Cardita Cuvieri, Brod. ...... lsp.| sandy mud 11
56 2 a ere fine sand 6
58/Chiton dispar, Sow. ............005 under stones | shore
58|———- Columbiensis, Sow. ......... under stones ]. w.
59 hirundiformis, Sow. .......+. under stones |l. w.
60\Stilifer Astericola, Brod. .........\in Asterias solaris| ...

105|Bulinus vexillum, Brod. [= al-| f trunks of large
ternans, Beck, teste Jay] ...... { trees \. a0
105|——— Panamensis, Brod. ......... ditto tea
113|Columbellapulcherrima,Sow.1sp.| sandy mud 10
113 harpiformis, Sow. ......0. on dead shells 10
113|—— bicanalifera, Sow............. sandy mud 10
134 COLONAIA, SOW. 2 .....eeessce0e under stones We
114 JPFAtH, SOW. cscs .ereverecees under stones
114|—— elegans, Sow.........s00 eeee.| sandy mud et
115|—— turrita, Sow......cesesessccces coarse gray.&s.m.| 10
115 PVE SOW” cess cecercecesvece under stones re
115 TUROSA, SOW....000.csccceeveee under stones see
115 fluctuata, Sow........ ati taiws under stones i’
116|—— lanceolata, Sow. .........08. fine coral sand | 6-8
116/—— maculosa, Sow......s.essees sandy mud ae
116|—— hzemastoma, Sow.........06. under stones '
116) —— varia, Sow. ...scccsseceseeees under stones :
116)—— scalarina, Soww...........000 --| under stones

|} 116)? pyrostoma, Sow. ......0+666. under stones ;

1) 1172 THAUTA, SOW, oy. vcsccccevses under stones :

1) 117) Tivida; SOW. orscc.000 wavelets under stones os
117 PUBEREAy SOW. scccescccsevses under stones wel
118 costellata, Sow......... 1 apalicsitet Mex dhesswncets 16
118 guttata, Sow. ‘“ Long well

known, but not aware that hi-

therto described.” = Buccinum under stones

Gribrarim, LAM. ....ccccssvies
118 varians, Sow. “First brought

by Capt. Cook, in Endeavour.”| f “"""""*"*""* SPN ek APS
118 ANGULAaTIS, SOW......ssseecevee| soosees sastteeserenans vee
118|—— castanea, WOW. se ac'sssetedeueot todeee cnvacaeeteen aes me
119) —— major, Sow. .....sceeccereeere under stones ee
119|—— procera, Sow.......++... T spaPisre Ueaeene came aus
119; —— pygmea, Sow. .eccsecreserees on dead sh. Se 10
119 WHICOIOT, SOW. he cccccces ase) anes du cugavenunaes Ae
125/Bulinus nux, Brod. ......00e.eeeer on bushes Ree

Locality.

[s. King & Saboga, B, Pan.

Pan.

Gulf of Fonseca.

Real Llejos, St. Elena.

Payta, G. Nocoiya.

Pan.

Conchagua, San Salvador.

Pan., Pay.

G. Dulce, P. Port.

Pan.

Guacom.

RI1.Lj., Iqui., Callao, P. Port.

Pan.

Gal.

Pan., St. Elen.

G. Nocoiya.

Pan., P. Port.

Real Llejos.

James Is., Gal.

G. Fonseca,

Gal.

Is. Saboga.

Pan.

Chatham Is., Gal., Ancon,
Lobos Is., Payta, Peru.

Ld. Hood’s Is., Gal.

Is. King and Saboga.

Ditto ditto
G. Dulce.

Pan.

Gal.

Pan.

Pan., Chiriqui.
Guacom.

B, Mont., St. El.

Pan., Chiriqui.

Pan., Gal.

Pan., Gal.

Pan.

Pan., St. Elen., M. Xti.
Pan.

Pan.

“Galapagos (Hood’s Is.).””

Pan.

Keal Llej.

Is. Muerte.

Pan.

St. El.

“Gal. (Hood’s Is.).”
Charles Is., Gal.

rey REPORT—1856. . 40

4
Station. Be ¢ Be Locality, . |
173}Cancellaria uniplicata, Sow. 2sp. sand 10 |Pan. F
L7SdiOvulum avena, Some. «caqecodscs] Gebeeds ivnvebas enben ... |Conchagua. a
173 Ml ssencaavveskcanee gah ... |G. Dulce. |
174 pale siSind seria. BoA kss.| . Rivgnee'ss2s ccs ty ae |
174|Murex recurvirostris, Brod....... . sandy mud 9 |G. Nicoiyo. a
174 under stones o's. + Je
175|—— pumilus, Brod.............0+ under stones one. nei
175|—— nucleus, Brod. ......0.0..00e. fine coral sand 8 |Gal.
175|——-. vibex, Brod. ......seessecceees sandy mud 6-12 |St. Elen., Pan.
176 oxyacantha, Brod. ......++. sandy mud 8 |Real Lleijos.
176 nitidus, Areds\ ii...» lsp.| cleft of rock ... {Real Lleijos.
176 horridus, Brod. =M. Boi-
Wii,” ASCH. (1 sake sue pas shens sandy mud 8-12 |St. Elen., Pan.
177|\—— lappa, Brod.........+..seee00. rocky bed 12 |St. Elen.
ie pee loose gravel 7 |B. Mont.
it. Se eee under stones coe. SO
185|Cypreea Pacifica, Gray........++. under stones ca. (Gah
18 rubescens, Gray. ......+++++- under stones at. .iGelk
Maugeri, Gray. ......+0++.- under stones -., (Gal
on reefs ... |Pan., Ulitea. ql
sand 6-12 |R1. Llej., Pan., St.E1.,Guac.|

muddy sand 6-12 |Pan., Salango.
sandy mud 6-12 |B. Mont., G. Nocoiya.

sandy mud 10 , |Pan., Real Llej.
sandy mud & grav.) 8-12 |B. Guayaq., P. Port.
coarse gravel 12 |G. Nocoiyo.

thin mud 5 |Tumbez. ft
sand 7 |Pan. qq

sandy mud 10 |Pan. .

soft mud 5 /Tumbez.
mud 12 |G. Nocoiyo.

coarse grav. in co- \ ... |Ld. Hood’s Is.
- |jralreefs,&in rocks] f ... |Gal.

A SD:| nevadeedvanudes ss dees cee [Gals

on rocks in river} ,.. |Real Llej.

ger?

globosa, Brod. = N. inter-
media, var. teste Rve.+N. tri-
tonensis, Guil. teste Sow.

in river ... |Chiriqui (Nicoya, Sow.).

RE ee ‘

; ; jon stones in moun- :
201 intermedia, Sow ......0++ { dain, ctecren } ... {Ls. Lions, Bay Mont.
in rivulet ... {San Lucas, Gulf Nocoiya. |
7
snuBateb== "erate sp overflowed with fr. Pan. {

mud bank partially }

water ; abundant

1833.
4|Spondylus dubius? =S. prin-
Ceps, Var, Brod. dei. sy s---:

on shells 10

sandy mud 7-12
sandy mud 1l

Gulf of Tehuantepec. |

Porto Protrero & Panama.
Guacomayo. |

qaahassebeaepees coral sand 6 |Galapagos.

y| gibbosus, Brod..........000.. coarse sand 7 |\Panama and Monte Xti.

| scalariformis, Brod...... see] Coarse sand 10 |Bay of Montijo.
under stones ...» |Galapagos.

Elizabeth Is.

on coral reef
Galapagos.

on sand in small
ponds of sea water

Galapagos.

54 sandy mud 12 Bay of Montija.
baecnes sandy mud in .

55|—— gladiator, Brod.......... ee } clefts of rocks. } ine ha i”

55|—— Orion, Brod.....++......e«++..(Soft sand in ditto} ... [Real Llejos.

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.

183

Page, Proc. Zoou. Soc.—Cuming. Station. pay e Locality.

55/C . soft mud in rocks Panama.

ONUS PFINCEPS ......seeseeeeeees sandy mud in ditto St. Elena and Monte Xti.
82|Cardium Cumingii, Brod.......... sandy mud 12 |Gulf of Dulce.

83 procerum, SOw........se00.8. coarse sand 4-6 |Real Llejos.

83 planicostatum, Sow.......... fine sand 13 |Guacomayo.

85 Panamense, Sow............: sandy mud 10 |Panama.
124|Orbicula Cumingii, Brod.......{ CA ge of Ll: | Payta, St. Elena, Pan.

18|Byssoarca illota, Sow. .......0004 under stones Gulf of Nocoiyo.

19 truncata, Sow. ..........0.08 on st. & Avicule Galapagos, Ld. Hood’s Is.

19/Arca tuberculosa, Sow. ..........+- rootsofmangroves| 1. w. |Real Llejos.

20 concinna, Sow. ..........0806 coarse sand 12 |Gulf of Nocoiyo.

20 betta: -¥ Atacamas, Real Llej., Xip.,

Eee CMMATPIMALA, SOW. ....00s0i5.| csseesesscscaccdcecs i Wanataa ‘and. Guitar Cake.

20 PMMA SOW. Shs so4..cs0kss.|'esevecess savsversnede ... |Gulf of Tehuantepec.

Be MU PAGOELALA, SOW... 00.002 .06) essdiersierectrocccees 12 |Ditto.

22 quadrilatera, Sow. [ = gran-

GE sy neusa rises scieserecass sandy mud 8 |Real Llejos.

21 TaBiatay SOWeveiss.csseccceseee sandy mud 7 |Tumbez and Real Llejos.

34|Cumingia lamellosa, Sow.......... in hard clay { iste se

35/Corbula nuciformis, Sow. ......... sandy mud 6 ee an fossil

35 bicarinata, Sow, ..........0n0s sandy mud 7-17 ‘ein RI. Llej., Carac., St. El.

35 biradinta, Sow. .....:.......0. mud and sand a ra a

35|—— nasuta, Sow........csccecceees sandy mud 10 |Xipix. Jun. G. Nocoiyo.

35 PW WIAER) SOc. Secce scons sandy mud 7-17 |Xip.,B.Mont.,Carac.,RI.Lj.

36 BOWIE, DOW, .6..00cccsedoccsss sandy mud 12 |Bay Montijo.

36|Bulinus rugiferus, Sow............. under scoriz ... |James Is., Gal.

37 unifasciatus, Sow.......e.06. under lava Charles Is., Gal.

37 CORMCUS, DOW. ssa. cdsiveracss, und. decayed grass Real Llejos,

71|Triton reticulatus, Sow............ under stones Gal.

72|Bulinus discrepans, Sow. ......... under bark Conchagua.

72 BANGOR, DOW aati ceses cde saeeee on dry grass-tufts James Is., Gal.

72 ustulatus, SOwW.....ccceesecees on pieces of lava Charles Is., Gal.

73 unicolor, Sow. ......+006 .e...| On dead leaves Is. Perico, Pan.

74,—— Jacobi, Sow.....0....eeeceeeee under scorize ... |James Is., Gal.
134/Pleurotoma unimaculata, Sow.... sandy mud 8-16 |Monte Xti, Guac., Salango
134 CHBVUNUS, SOM. seesecsisscass sandy mud 17 ‘|B. Montija.

135 ORYUODIS, SOW.s< .v0..scceres sandy mud 13-20 |Pan., Port. Portrero.
135 albicostata, Sow. .......++... fine coral sand 6 |Gal.
135} —— bicolor, Sow.......s.sssseeee. under stones ose, [eal
135|—— sand 8 |Gal.
135|——- splendidula, Sow............. fine coral sand 6 Gal.
136|\—— bicanalifera, Sow............. sandy mud 10 |B. Montija.
136 WURMOR Ag SOW, secccsecestsses fine coral sand 6 |Galap.
137 aterrima, Sow.™ .4.0........ under stones ... |Monte Christi.
137|——- nigerrima, Sow. .......4... sandy mud 6-10 |Pan.
137\——- corrugata, Sow. ...s.0...00 muddy sand 10 |B. Mont., Port. Portrero.
138 excentrica, SOW. ......see00 coral sand 6 |Galap.
138 incrassata, SOW. .ecc.seeees. sandy mud 6-10 |Pan., Mte Xti.
138 duplicata, Sow........0..s00: sandy mud 10 |Port. Portr., B. Mont.
138 WMGOLOT, SOWs i vecuneds vscare sandy mud 6-10 |Pan.
139 granulosa, SOW..+.......s008. sand 8 |B. Mont., Pan.
139 variculosa, SOW. ......sse00: sandy mud 10 |B. Mont.
139 TEEIADy WOW: ccisecosscdceseres sandy mud 10 |B. Mont.
139|\—— hexagona, Sow......... lsp.| sandy mud 13 |Guacomayo.
1834. 7
7\Eulima interrupta, Sow..........+ coarse sand =| 11-13 |G. Nocoiyo.
8\——_ acuta, Sow. .......scseesseees coarse sand 13 |B. Montiji.

* N.B. Pl, rustica, Sow, =thiarella, Val. teste Jay.

184. REPORT—1856.
. Proc. Zoou. Soc.—Cuming. Station.
18/Conus Luzonicus, var. .........00 clefts of rocks
18 brunneus, Wood .........06. clefts of rocks
19|\———. diadema, Sow. .........sceees clefts of rocks
19 regalitatis, Sow. ......00.%. sandy mud in do.
, . on Spondyli
21'Gastrochzena ovata, Sow. ..... { Gis eaciecks
21 STUNCAL, HOW anne ilicendneses on Spondylt
21 DEC WISs OG ae cc cinwissnnesecees in pearl oysters
22 Tugulosa, SOW. .....ccsseses in pearl oysters
22 YAN MR, OWL... vdicecnees with the last
30 Calyptrea fudis, Brod. i211. sees.) \)saveavcceeceamoaaae
35 corrugata, Brod. ......0000- under stones
35 VOLE MENTE. a eas'scasiscvacvecl pads de ly deaeaeaees
wT Brod. Cu) cerca jon st. in sandy mo,
36 (——) lignaria, Brod....... under stones
36/—— _(—— Vc epee: ene on shells in s. m.
36,—— (——) tenuis, Brod. ...... on liy.shellsin m.s.
37|\—— ( ) serrata, Brod. ..... on dead shls., mud
37|\——(Syphopatella)sordida,Brod.| on stones, sand
39 (Crepidula) unguiformis, [ |inside dead shells,
LAM, sercccrerccsseesecceesenene sandy mud
40 ( Mexeawate, Breda calli voxsnereeceuas ox
40|——- (——_) arenata, Brod. ...... on sh. sandy mud
40|—— (——_) marginalis, Brod..../stones & shls. s. m.
40 ) squama, Brod ...... under stones
47\Petricola robusta, Sow. .........065 in rocks
47 amygdalina, Sow..........06 in pearl oysters
soft sandstone
69|\Pholas cruciger, SOW. ..s..ssseeees ' soft stone
: hard clay
RG Bae os Pigeons tenn
69\—— calva, Gray, MS... { jon edand tines
70|——_ p Wat. IAD. . oWccacakeas hard stones
70/——. acuminata, Sow. .........6- limestone
71}——— Curta, Sow. .rcccresecesecccce soft stone
72 GOTHER, SOWesscaccccecevece .e-| trunk of tree
88|Lyonsia picta, Sow. ........0086 apes: ai
125|Fissurella obscura, Sow............ under stones
125 virescens, Sow. [non F. vi-
rescens, Guild. = Barbadensis,| > exposed situat.
var. teste Sow.]...seessee areweuns
125 Nigropunctata, SOW ....c..0.| ceeeeereseereeeeesens
125|\——. macrotrema, Sow............ under stones
125|/——._ microtrema, SOW.....eecceees under stones
126 inzequalis, SOwW.....c.eeeeseees under stones
126 PICA, DOW. <..cccehcapearedn ans dead shells
127|\—— Panamensis, Sow....ec.ssoes dead shells
128 Crenifera, SOW. ....ccccceee ...| under stones
148|Chama frondosa, Brod............- on coral rock
148)—— » Var. Gavnenn discencesecnes on pearl oyst. s.m.
149|—— imbricata, Brod. ............ on pearl oysters
150|—— 9 WED cox e's er, See rocks and stones
150|\—— producta, Brod............... on stones, s. mud
150|\—— corrugata, Brod. ...... eee stones
150|\——. echinata, Brod.* ...ccccsee: on rocks
1835.
5|Hipponyx radiata, Gray (non \
Desh. ) =H. Grayanus, Mike. opmagks

* The old sp. spoken ofare the young of Ch. frondosa, var.

Den Locality.
l. w. |Gal.
Gal., Puert. Portr., Pan.

l. w. |Gal.

... |Real Llejos.

«» |Is. Perico.

17 ‘|Is. Plata.

«e- |Is. Perico.

3-7 |\Galap., Lord Hood’s.

3-7 |Galap., Lord Hood’s.

3-7 |Lord Hood’s Is.

... {Pan., Real Llej.

14 |Guacom.

..» |Gal.,Ld.Hd’sIs.,Is.Muerte.
6-10 |Pan.

.» |Real Llejos.

4 |Chiloe.
9 |Samanco Bay.

6-11 |Real Llejos, Is. Muerte.

12 |Pan.

i 4-10|Pan., Chiloe.

Real Llejos.
St. Elena.
Pan., Is. Muerte.
Pan.
Pan., Is. Muerte.
3-6 |Gal., Lord Hood’s Is.
}-tide |Is. Puna, Guayaq.
. |Bay Caraccas.
G. Nocoiyo.

6-8
6-10

6-11

\ Is. Perico.

Pan.
Pan.
. |[s. Lions, Veragua.
. |Chiriqui, Veragua.

Is. Muerte.
Galap.

11

shore
. |Pan.

Galap., Lobos Is.

Gal., Lambeyeque, Lob. Is.
Real Llejos.

Gal., Guacom.

St. Elena, Galap.
Panama.

Real Llejos.

Ts. Plata.

G. Tehuantepec.

Ld. Hood’s Is., Pearl Is.
. |Galap.

G. Tehuan.

Real Llej.

Puert. Portr.

Pan., Galap.

: |
I
|

The young are Ch, coralloides,Rve.

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.

6|Siphonaria costata, Sow. ......

7 TAME, SOW. 21 ia. cctveceuaden
21\Venus Columbiensis, Sow.........
21 subimbricata, Sow. .......5.
22|———- mullticostata, Sow.........++-
23|Cytherea unicolor, Sow............
23 CONCINNA, SOW......6..scevees
41|Venus histrionica, Sow.........s0:
41 fuscolineata, Sow......s06..
AZ| ———. GisCOTS, SOW.....ee.cecessecees
43 GEeMIfeTAa, SOWs «s...0000,.000
44 ornatissima, Brod. ...1 sp.
44|___ pulicaria, Brod. [=cingu-

lata, Zam. teste Sow.] .........
45|Cytherea tortuosa, Brod. .........
45 0 Se roe
46|——. Dione, var. @.=C. lupinaria
46 vulnerata, Brod. ...+06...65.
46 argentina, SOw.......cec.ssee.
84/Pinna rugosa, Sow. ....ee.scscreee
84 PENS OW... cccccesvsutuses
84 tuberculosa, Sow.......see...
93)Pandora brevifrons, Sow..........
94|Buccinum modestum, Powis
95/Nassa nodifera, Pow..........+0.0.
95|——-. festiva, Pow. ..sceccsseseeee
96|—— pallida, Pow.........seccsees.

errereeee

109|——. magnificus, Sow. ( vary.

109) —— tumidus, Sow. ..........s000
194|Mitra tristis, Swains.......sceceees
194 effusa, Swains.......csecseres
194/Tiara foraminata, Swains. = Vo-
luta lens, Wood ..........+: uss 5
194/—. muricata, Swains........0000
1840.
139/Murex plicatus, Sow. jun....... ees
1841.
51|/Ranella nana, Sow. jun.
52
1842.

albofasciata, Sow. jun.......

A9|Siphonaria characteristica, Rve..| ....sseccsseseseesees

197|/Vermetus eburneus, Rve
1843,

30/Cyclostoma Eganteas SOW. ..00.
154/Terebra aspera, Hinds........ coats
156
160

CUP TPUS Sob ccecvieccnases
ornata, Gray (P.Z.S. 1834,
. 62

POOR Eee ene HPP OeeeoeEeeeseees

185

Station. an Ans Locality.
on rocks 1. w. |Real Llej.
on rocks in ex-
posed situations fh Ma Gnaeus
on rocks ee |Pan.
coarse sand l. w. |St. Elena.
fine sand 13 |P.Portr.,Acap.[Calif.,Sow. |
coarse sand lL. w. |G. Pan.
coarse sand 6 |Real Llej. [Xipix., Sow.]
fine sand 10 |Pan.
muddy sand l. w. |Real Llej., St. Elena.
sandy mud 13 |Guacom.
sandy mud 6-9 |Guacom., St. Elena.
sand l. w. |Payta, St. Elena.
sandy mud 10. |Pan.
sandy mud 3 |Chiriqui and Tumaco.
sandy mud 6 /|Pan., Xipix.
sandy mud 10 ‘| Xipix.
soft mud 5 |Tumbez.
sandy mud 6 |Real Llej.
sand-banks l. w. |G. Nocoiyo.
sand-banks eos | (Sy Rey, &. Pan.
muddy banks 24°+ Pate
muddy banks i, jr ait.
sand 10 ‘|Pan.
muddy gravel | 7-17 |B. Mont.
coral sand 6-10 |Gal., Pan.
sandy mud 6-10 |Pan., St. Elen.
sandy mud i Pan.
sandy mud Bay Mont.
sandy mud } 10- a te. Plata.
var. y. and coral sand Gulf Tehuant.
Galap.
coral sand +o 17 |Is. Plata.
sandy mud 6-10 |St. Elena, Salango.
sandy mud 6-10 |St. Elena, Galap.
sandy mud 12 |Guacom., Galap,
ged 0 bon St. Elena, Is. Plata, Pan.
sandy mud Galap.
coarse sand 12. |G. Nocoyo.
coarse sand 7 |Panama. [“Ins. Philip.”]
coarse sand 10 |Panama, Ditto,
Pan.
EC Copco te, Coen ee ?
sandy mud 12-20 |Pan.
fine sand 10 |Pan.
muddy sand 5 |Casma, Peru.
coral sand ... {Albemarle Is., Gal.
sandy mud 10 |Pan.
woods ... |Panama.
sandy mud 6-10 |Pan., Mte Xti., St. Elen.
coarse sand 15 |Bay Mont.
coral sand 5-7 |Gal.
(mud 7 |Panama, Hinds.)

166,-— aciculata, Hds. (quasi Lam.)

Xipix. (Acapulco, Sonso-
nati, Hds.)

ee a ee

186 REPORT—1856.

Proc. Zoo. Soc.—Cuming. Station. Depth Locality.

1844,
Page. in fms,
17|Lithodomus plumula, Hani....... in Spondyli w+, of ale
59|Tellina Cumingii, Hani. ......... coral sand ... |Guacom.
60 rubescens, Hank, ....06 dees sandy mud ... |Pan., Tumbez.
G1) —— regia, MGA iis ..ciceiscvace ..|coarse sandy mud} 7 _ {Real Llej.
. soft sandy mud 5 |Tumbez.
61|—— laceridens, Hanl.......... { sandy a d 3 |Chiriqui.
€2 PLINGEDS, Lay... cidensdares soft sandy mud 5 |Tumbez.
70|—— insculpta, Hanl. ......1 sp.| sandy mud 3 |Chiriqui.
71) — felix, Hanl. ........csesseeee. sandy mud 6-10 |Pan.
142/—— gubernaculum, Hani. ...... sandy mud 7 {Real Llej. [ Thes.)
144|—— elongata, Hanl............+00 sand * 3 |Chiquiqui (Chiriqui, Sow.
144 Dombei, Hamnl..........00..- sandy mud 12 |Pan., var. Tumbez.
147 plebeia, Han. ......cccceses sandy mud 7 {Real Llej.
147 SUPOTa, Tal, a> veis svnasss. soft sandy mud 10 |Pan.
148 hiberna, FaMlis...<aéesscces sandy mud 6-11 |Pan., Guayaq.
121) Triton pagodas; Fme. | fod... ques] sctvedicoeesees iba ... |Bay Montija.
121 DICH, MUG. si505..05. 00000... under stones l. w. |Galap.
12|Scalaria mitrzeformis, SOW. Jun. | secsessscceesececeees ... |Guacom.
51/Columbella rugulosa, Sow. ....0.| ccccsseceeeeesetetees ... |Galap.
51 REPAMICNEAPIA OW icacedss<s| dassnceieegencsectebe ... |Chatham Is., Galap.
52 NIZTICANS, SOWs...ceccceccces+| savovdesceseneecabecs ... |Galap.
THA lex, Hanl. [=D
1]|Artemis simplex, Han/. [= Do- \
sinia Dunkeri, Phil.].........++. | Reais a Paty Sa
11 subquadrata, bland... {.cislosapsspbovacencectags ... |St. Elena.
Vo Donex mavicnla, GHagil. «i <0..400cchacsdctausncsadcccsons ... |Gulf Nicoya. ra
(Sais olay eeai> «bao ... |Bay Guayaq.
15|—— gracilis, Hanl...... js Ol fy sixes bankeguscccnane ... |Chiriqui.
VOL. Cols cucdstiveanns sibs, ... _|Caraccas.
17 meets, Lal Bays bs s0ltnenedexmasuadtatanss« os, (Ea
107/Ostrea Columbiensis, Hanl....... rocks 3-tide |St. Elena.
42'Glandina obtusa, P/?. ............ leaves of bushes ... |Real Llej.
129|Helix spirulata, P/1.....0...sees00 trunks of trees ... |Ditto.
130 Nystiana, P77. .....00.6 Sivacl ianoncesth sa eaeaanael ... |Ditto.
139} Littoritia asperay PRAL: .is6s-cgnse| arisievdeceleceesnnee ... |Conchagua.
139] —— porcata, Phil. ....0.......00 highexposedrocks| ... |Galap.
142)? aberrans, Phil.......0+.s.00 rocks }-tide |Pan.
53|Mitra gratiosa, Rve. ....0+... ae coral sand 7 |Gal.
59 SaUSApatA, NUE. Wes. ceevaya] <ovnasaedenengatehs ..| 10 |Gal.
1846,
117/Chama Panamensis, Rve.......... on stones ese (ERE
119} —— _ Janus, Rve. ...ccccccsedeeeses on large Avicule| ... |Gal.
848. :
41|Planorbis Panamensis, DA. ...... in streams ae):
97|\Cyprea pulla, Gask. (described
M1846, pe 24) sccsssrsssessuccansee] f ceresteestestte ss [Gal Guays
49|Turbo saxosus, Rve........ Sinn Gained. dudecane eek wena .-- |W. Columb.
1849.
116|Anomia fidenas, Gray ....... a on Pinne l.w. |Pan. —
117 adamas, Gray ........sssees on Av. marg. 9 |Gal., Lord Hood’s Is.
134|Tornatellina Cumingiana, Pfr. | ......... suibes ab ee {Real Llej.
1850.
154/Phos turritus, 4. dd.......... tists coral sand 6-10 |Pan.
1851.
109|Nassa angulifera, 4.4d. ......00| sssccesscecesceseeses 10 |Gal.
210\—— nodicincta, Bead. va qiscks..-ncccs cdductapiecchsas 7 =|Gal.
1855.
173|Scintilla Cumingii, Desh.. ...4.00+| secsasedceveseroeae ool ce | aRer
183|Erycina dubia, Desh.....ecccrceree| coescseres piganse Bans ... |Is. Muerte, Guayaq.

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE. WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 187.

~The following species occur in Reeve’s Conchologia Iconica, from places
visited by Mr. Cuming, and were probably collected by that gentleman.

late. Sp. Name. Depth

Station. hl teas: Locality.
ae 2 (LUCIA PUNCTAtA ..ss.ccssedvesssceconseasseess| sisvsesaevedess l.w. {Panama.
| 6 |St. Elena.
| 7 | 33 MLEUIA apicnsvensesp ons cncpvicnseeens ed cavers sandy mud4 |). Philippines:
eee 2M J EDULE. 0 ai isa scecsreccsccrsoensascas sandy mud | 11 |Pan., St. Elen.
1.9 | 25 cornea [Mysia, H. & 4. dd.] ...... coarse sand |10—13/G. Nicoya.
11 | 68 CALCUMAG 23.14.5000) ceva nstedewrtes gsusies coarse sand |10-13/G. Nicoya.
6 | 29 |Cardium biangulatum [=magnificum, | coral sand 17 (Is. Plata, St. Elena.
Desh.|
| @) 43 |—— eraniferum.....,....... Sears adsvhsec]. adnsbssstuMenon es hous G. Nicoya, Xipix.
17 | 86 CONSOLE. Niece sete sre ott eds roses esc sandy mud_ | 6-11 |St. Elena, Guacom.
7 | 31 |Fig. a, 6. Pecten ventricosus, Sow. Thes.| ......cecesseeee | ecseee St. Elen.,&c., Philippines.
| =P. tumidus, Sow. P. Z.8.,non Turt.
00 |552 |Helix uncigera, Petit, Guér. Mag. Zool.| .....ccoscssece | cavaee Panama
1838, pl. 113.
ae) Gl Fig. 2,6. Patella diaphana, Roe. .........) ..cesssecseenes | cccees Cent.Amer. (Cum., Kell.)
33 | 99 |Fig. a,b. —— striata, Rue. [as of Quoy| ...ceeceeeccee | cceeee Galapagos.
& Gaim., but quite distinct from their ¥
species, which is given afterwards
under the same name. |
Seeili7 \Fig. a, 6. Patella stipulata, Rve.....cccscsi| scsssceoececeee | sevaes Panama
PPO EEMEEO SOUAMIPET, RUC. ...ccetsnyevecescss-| sosceesonsecses 7 |Gal.
3.| 3 |Strombus galeatus=S. crenatus, Sow. ... reefs lw. |G. Nicoy.
14 | 32 BPOMUIGUUS §....ncaversssredenecscessuses sandy mud | 6-8 |St. Helena and Gal.
TGP OS |\——_ BACIION ...16.... cresscodssacevevecssces sandy mud | 6-12 |St. Elena and Pan.
GR Le JCHIGOM BULCALUS «.c0cescascvessisssssssccceseds under stones |below|Ld.Hood’s & Jas.I.,Gal.
l. w.
| 6 | 29 BVGUGIAUNS i......c0scsiessvessccene +»-| under stones | ditto |Pan.
10 | 54 |Chiton hirundiniformis ............. easdsaal ssaebvcoatensab eceuvn Korean Archip., Belcher;

teste Rve., Gal.; and
Peru, teste Cum,

4111 |Turritella nodulosa, King, Z. J. v.347,) sandy mud | 6-10 |Gulf Dulce.

=T. papillosa, Kien.

10 | 47 |—— fascialis, Rve............ POA ses casudg, coarse sand 7 |B. Mont.

/11 | 63 |—— rubescens, Rve. ...........0000e oa i S, coarse sand 7 |B. Mont.

MeCN DTA THSCA, GPAY eiiiiiisonrsiectessvatis| svasecccevoosen | iiegss Gal. (also B. Guayaquil,

13 | 59 |—— nigropunctata, Gray, Z. J. iv.11,} under stones | ...+.. Gal. [teste Sow.)
=(; irina, Kien.

41 | 58 |Conus varius, Linn. 1170 [Rve. Dil 2s ce eetae ue Philippines.

non 13, sp. 58. |

Var. i C. pulchellus, Sow. not|clefts of rocks|1.w. |Gal.
Swains. = C. interruptus, Wood,
Suppl.

12 | 99 |Pleurotoma cincta, Rve.=modesta, Sow.| sandy mud 8 |Real Llej. and Is. Annaa.

12 | 49 |Fig. a, d. Natica unifasciata, Rve. [? not} mud banks |1.w. |Pan.

Lam.)
11 | 57 |Purpura Carolensis, Rve. [=triangularis,) under stones | 1. w. |Charles Is., Gal.
Blainv.| *
2) 9 GOIUIMEMATIS, LM... sic iweceees. exposed rocks | l. w. |Gal.
|S | 14 |\—— planospira, Lam. .......ccceccscecees exposed rocks | .,.... |James Is., Gal.
1 | 60 Brreeithh, SeUC aps ancevcserces (eaascte under stones |...... Pan.
9 | 43 |—— undata, Rve. [ =biserialis, Blainv.| under stones | 1. w. |St. Elena.
non #ve., var. Non undata, Lam. =fas-
ciata, Rve. pl. 9. f. 45. ]
pean) 17 como Rve. P. Z. 8. 1846) under stones | 1. w. |Pan.
? ubi}.
4 | 23 Blveplata, Kien. [comp. Purp. abv. | |-cagenscevseyess | oinan. Pan.
| a2 POMOC LCC... os vicesesectcter seer seemmareccetene | estxes Pan., St. Elen,
SRP es JONATA, AVE. .....cccocscsccseseevcceees under stones | l. w. Charles Is., Gal.

188 REPORT—1856.

Plate.| Sp. Name. Station. es ae Locality. ai

6 | 13 |Cassis tenuis, Gray, in Wood, pl. 8. f. 4,| sandy mud 6 |Gal. 7

=C. Massenez, Kien. 4

6 | 14 coarctata, Sow., Wood, f.5 .....0.0. crev. of rocks | 22s. Gal. 1

1 5 |Oniscia tuberculosa, Sow. Gen. p. 2...... clefts of rocks| 1. w. |Gal.

9 | 62 |Buccinum Coromandelianum, Lam.......| ... dsecwscetew 1 ae Coromandel, Panama.
10 | 71 Dilirateiin, Bee. ic oe cctnwal Weteddecneageee mea Gal. ; !
10 | 73 |—— nigrocostatum, Rve. ....ccces..seeeeee under stones | 1. w. |Pan. ;
11 | 80 |—— pulchrum, Rive. .......sssceeseeenseeees] coecaseeseceeee | eveees Gal.

11 | 84 | —— cinis, Rve. ........0008 ins iy SeieteIAA Bt under stones |...... Gal.
J1 3689 pastinaca, Bee. | 2. jocscvsdsce.a0svvindan| ecceeeeeeta: ae B. Mont. ;

2 6 |Monoceros grande, Gray, Z. B. V. p. 124,| crev. of ae l.w. |James Is., Gal.

= Purpura Grayii, Kien.
cingulatum, Lam. = Buc. pseudodon,|clefts of rocks} 1. w. |Pan.
Burrows. ‘Quite inseparable from the
present group :” [except by the Lathy- )
roid plaits, and the Turbinelloid opercu- j
lum, which Kzen. had already described. | 4

=F, Valenciennesii, Kien.
32 |157 |Fig. 157, 163. Murex alveatus, Kzen.| under stones | l.w. |Pan.
p. 24. pl. 46. f. 2.

11 | 37 |Triton Chemnitzii = Cassidaria setosa,| sandy mud 6 |Pan. .
Has. [? ubi]. j
16 | 65 |—— Sowerbii=T. lineatus, Sow........0. sandy mud 6 |Gal.
17 | 72 |—— reticulatus ? = Murex reticulatus,| ......scscecese 6 |Mediterranean, Gal. ke
Dillw.=T. turriculatus, Desh. =Trito-
nium intertextum, Pfr.=T. reticulatus
Mediterraneus, Sow.
16 |124 |Mitra attenuata, Swains.,..... ER Te rocky bottom | 28 |Is. Cafa, Centr. Am. t
22 |176 BUcata,y SWaiMs, .ciec cvs ccbnasecveccanne fine black sand) 4 |Mouth of Chiriqui, Ves’
1 | 3 |Voluta harpa ........... oe eee es sandy mud 8 |St. Elen. [raguay
6 | 40 |Fissurella Mexicana ....... ealdup ceeiwenavaaaanl :sevenderesanves -. {Real Lie}. .
BP BG [TOGA so paveven cricueecnvdovevenenecnns under stones | l.w. |Gal. 1]
D Feld POliva Julieta ) » ciivessssnseetacqsvvavieceavyes sandy mud 6 |Real Llej. “Ai
Re ae le REI Ra Lo acute sma nagncasdtis sandy mud |1.w. |Is. Tobago, B. Pan.
14 | 29 BOAR, DGC, veacspecscoreacesneeeenes sandy mud | 13 |B. Mont., Veragua. |
BO 4} Bova SE BICD WEIN cans cciescvessecpdoteatadesca) lvssdbacawaneee 6-12 |B. Guay., Gal.
21 (6 \Burbimella varitosa,s, ..0isvicasdetesccrecsscees crev. of rocks | ...... Gal.
5 | 27 |—— nodata, Mart. =Murex rigidus, Wd.) .......... eccee’ | Le Wie pera lf
3 | 7 |Fasciolaria salmo, Wood [Pyrula, Gray],| .......see00 » | seoeee {Real Llej. |
|

The following species, to which is appended the authority of Mr. Cuming,
are figured in Sowerby’s Conchological Illustrations.

No. | Fig. Name. Locality.
17 | 17 |Fissurella gibberula, OS EEE ee ..| Panama. :
18 Bulinus princeps, Brod. Z. P. 1832 [? ubi. =zebra, var.] ..,Conchagua.
85 eschariferiig : SMa aacisass cansess vassesmhinstaguyicnyeacneee .++«-|Gakapagos
87 TUQUIOSUS, SOW. .sscccsererscccvcscscccnscsccens os00055rap ieee Galapagos.
45 |—— Jacobi, Sow. ......cccccvees seeps ecksaamaltesaaceia (ditcwemeaial Galapagos
42 | — UstelAtus SOW, ... corcangapnssees sunvenonacasuacnnseelee nebenns ...|Galapagos
119 | 23 |Murex dubius, Sow.=M. aculeatus, Wood ......ecccsccsceceeesess Panama
126 | 41 |Cyprea suffusa, Gray [| =C. armadina, ult teste Kien. ]...++. Galapagos .
31 Ovum 2890 ale, S080, o> .n0s0shesneans~np chs esas nieeegns pain Panama. |
25 Conus tornatus, Brod. [Xipixapi, teste Brod. P. Z. S. 1833,| Panama. |
53.
24.2 Am hides pulchrum, Sow. [B. Caraccas, teste Sow. P. Z. S./St. Elena: var. Pane m
1832, p. 57.]
59 Neritina PUlChra, Sow. sccsrrrrecccrsrocccccoscoessaccescceseceececeses | GNGMME

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 189

The following species occur in Sowerby’s Thesaurus Conchyliorum, on
the authority of Mr. Cuming.

D.in

No. |Page.| Plate. | Fig. Name. Station. |p, Locality,
12 | 86 Gee ay 40 Lame Ang Mlata, SOU. cctecretscssssccccesene| soveee ... [Panama. r
15} 86 | 22 | 41, 42, arcuata, So. es.....00 ‘edad aig Sp RRA
51 129 37 |112-13/Columbella cribraria, Lami........cesceseeess u. Ss. |... |Pan., very common.
38 {163 44 | 71 |Terebra frigata, Hds.=T. gracilis, Gray .|cor. sd.| 6 |Galap.
18 |284 57 | 42 _|Tellina virgo, Hanl. P. Z. S. 1844, p. 143] ...... ... [Chiriqui, W. Col.
36 77 \153-5 |Marginella czrulescens, Lam.=M. pru-| ...... .». |Panama.
num, Gmel. [not M. sapotilla, Hds.]
38 |479 99 | 16-19\Ovulum gibbosum, Lam. ...........00 rr ere ... |[Panama.
112, {108-9 | | Neritina Michaudii, Rec/. Rev. Zool.
76 |529 Pai 217-18 1848 pSSi5N er SY eee ... Panama.
4eyioge ) 123) 71 = |Bulla Quoyii, Gray, MS.. .......cccccceceee cor. sd.|6—-8|Galap.
52 (577 | 123 | 76 FUROR A DEUS: Mien Aden cc «vide Smads venuating fine sd.| 6 |Galap.
bares? | 123 | 77 PMMATE, 0 AS scious wiatepiewmadee sdy. m.| 10 |Panama.
21 }618 | 127 | 12 |Cytherea undulata, Sow. jun.=C. planu-|sdy. m.| 9 |Salango.
lata, var., Sow. sen.
69 179 | 59, 77|Cerithium ocellatum, Sow. [not Brug.]} ...... ... (Gulf Cal., Galap.
=C. irroratum [non] interruptum, Gd.
71 179 | 60 |—— nebulosum, Sow. .......ccccceseeeeeee seseae | ve» (Galapagos.
=C. maculosum, Kien.
70 178 | 48 |—— adustum, Sow. non Kien. ...... wet. ae er . |... (Galapagos.
?=C. maculosum, var.
85 |869 | 182 |155-6 |—— Gallapaginis, 4. Ad. .........0008 eee eee ... (Galapagos.
?=Interruptum, Mke.
69 |887 186 |280-2 |\—— varicosum, Sow.......see.e0s sy Saad ina ws | ee [Real Llejos, atroots

of mangroves.

33. At the very time that Mr. Cuming was prosecuting his researches on
the West Coast of South America, the Chevalier Alcide D’Orbigny was
engaged in a similar exploration of the continent generally, from the years
1826-1833. In July 1833, he reached the Pacific coast at Arica, whence he
_ proceeded to Callao, stopping at Cobijo, Islay, and Arequipa. Thence he
returned to Europe vid Valparaiso. The result of his labours is described
in the “ Voyage dans l’Amérique Méridionale, le Brésil, la République
Orientale d’Uruguay, la République Argentine, la Patagonie, la République
.du Chili, la République de Bolivia, la République de Perou, exécuté pen-
dant les années 1826-1833, par Alcide D’Orbigny. Mollusca, Paris, 1847.”
Among the services rendered to malacological science by Dr. Gray*, it is
not the least that he has obtained the type specimens described in this work
for the British Museum, where they may be seen by students on application.
The sea-shells are frequently by no means in good condition, in which re-
spect they contrast most unfavourably with the magnificent specimens brought
in such abundance by Mr. Cuming; nor is the identification of species always
to be relied on. In the Calyptreide especially, M. D’Orbigny has added to
the confusion which was before characteristic of the nomenclature in that
interesting but unfortunate family. Both the specimens and the work, how-
_ ever, are extremely valuable, especially from the materials afforded for a
_ comparison of the faune of the Atlantic and Pacific coasts; and the publi-
_ cation of a cheap catalogue of them by Dr. Gray, Oct. 1854, enables ordi-

* Perhaps the attention now given to the animals of Mollusca, and the reform of systems
founded on the shells alone, are due to the labours of Dr. Gray more than to any other man
living. It is a source of unfailing regret that the benefit of his works is very much overlooked,
_ m™ consequence of his not conforming to the principles of nomenclature published under the

auspices of the British Association (Reports, 1842, pp. 105-121).

190 REPORT—1856. 4

nary students to make use of the information they afford. But in the part
of South America to which our present inquiries are directed, which is mainly
from Panama to the Bay of Guayaquil, it does not appear that M. D’Orbigny
himself traveled. The shells quoted from this coast were principally col-
lected by M. Fontaine, or copied from the descriptions of Mr. Cuming’s
stores. Those which are connected with the West North American pro-
vince are as follow. The numbers refer to the “ List of the Shells of South
America in the Collection of the British Museum. 1854.” Some notes are
added on doubtful species, from a study of the specimens.

No. ,
279. Turritella Broderipiana, D’Orb. Peru, Payta.
= T. goniostoma, Val.
301. Natica glauca, Val. = N. patula, Sow. Peru, Payta.
320. Cyprea nigropunctata, Gray. Payta.
345, Columbella lanceolata, Sow. Peru, Payta.
356. Purpura hemastoma, Lam. Brazils.
These specimens are of the P. Floridana type, punctured like the Mazatlan
P. biserialis, but with the tubercles not developed. Some of the shells
appear to be the true P. undata, Lam.

359. scalariformis, Blainv. Guayaquil.
= Cuma kiosquiformis, var.
360. bicostalis, Lam. Brazils.

Very like No. 364, which is probably the true P. undata of Lam., not of
Val. and C..B. Ad. Whether the Lamarckian P. bicostalis be this shell,
or an E. Indian species, as supposed by Blainv., is not known. Reeve
assigns the name to the Mazatlan shell.
373. Cerithium varicosum, Sow. Guayaquil.
374. Montagnei, D’Orb. Guayaquil.
(Quite distinct from Cerithidea varicosa.)
407. Calyptraa (Calypeopsis) quiriquina, D’Orb. Chili; Conception.
=(Tablet 555) C. rugosa, Desh., var. Probably a form of Crucibulum spi-
nosum.
408. —— ( ) rugosa, Desh. Chili.
= C. lignaria, Brod., non C. rugosa, Less. Tablet 558 is the extreme form,
lignaria ; 557, intermediate between that and 555.
409. —— ( ) imbricata, Sow. Peru; Payta.
=C. rugosa, Less., not Desh. Tablets 559, 560 are the true Crucibulum
imbricatum: 561, ?do. var. Broderipii; 556, ??do. var. Cumingit.
410. -— ( ) auriculata, D’Orb. Peru; Payta.
=Crucibulum spinosum, Sow., not P. auriculata, Chemn.
411. —— (Trochatella) trochiformis, D’Orb.=T. radians, Lam. Chili and Peru. —
412, ——( ) mammillaris, D’Orb. Peru; Payta—Guayaquil.
= Galerus unguis, Brod., not G. mammillaris, Brod.
415. Crepidula aculeata, Gmel. Brazils; Patagonia.

416. Patagonica, D’Orb. Patagonia.
Probably = C. dilatata, var. Some species are perhaps C. nivea, var.
417. protea, D’Orb. East coast; Patagonia; Brazils.
Tablet 573, probably dead specimens of C. incurva, or ony2, or both.
Prey ke YY Ms C. nivea.
419. foliacea, Brod. Bolivia.
- Possibly a var. of C. dilatata; like C. Lessonii of C. nivea.
420. arcuata, Brod. Peru; Payta.

Probably = C. dilatata, var. —

440. Acmeea seurra, Less. Chili, Arica (on Fucus).
= Scurria mitra, Gray, from Less. and Esch.

441. scutum, Esch. Chili; Bolivia; Peru.
=A. patina, var.

449, Patella maxima, D’Orb. Peru; Payta.

=P. Mexicana,

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. I9I1

No.
482, Pholas curta, Sow. ‘Ecuador; Isle de los Leones.”
This island is in Veragua, teste Cuming. The shell is probably copied.
545. Donax radiata, Val. [?] Peru; Arica.
587. Venus planulata, Sow. Chili; Coquimbo.
607. —— Solangensis, D’Orb. Ecuador; Xipixapi.
= Cytherea radiata, Sow.
608. Paytensis, D’Orb. Peru; Payta.
=Cytherea affinis, Brod.
610. —— neglecta, Gray. Peru; Payta.
Gll*. Californiensis, Brod. (non Conr.) Peru; Payta (Fontaine).
776. Ostrea zquatorialis, D’Orb. Ecuador; Guayaquil; Is. de la Luna.

34. M. Paul Emile Botta, who has since acquired such deserved reputation
for his Assyrian researches, appears to have been a naval surgeon in early
life, and is quoted by French writers for several shells belonging to the W.
American faunas. ‘The habitats assigned are in some instances correct, but
error has evidently crept into others.

Pyrula bezoar, Lam. China. “ California, Botta.” Blainv, Ann. Nouv. du Mus,

p- 234 No. 68

Purpura chocolatta. [S. America.] California, Botia..........0000+ 240 80
cornigera [= Mon. brevidentatum, Gray]. Mazatlan, Botta,

SPEICTIE) 2.5. cerereseundasvavinnessocesacese reves: aaeceentsyad deans 213 28

— fusiformis. N. Guinea, Lesson & Garnot. Mazatlan, Botta. 229 61
M. Botta’s shell; if from Mazatlan, is probably the allied

Fusus pallidus.

—— triangularis. Mazatlan, | sp............06 ee cccceeseenes tecccssecsse 220 «= 466
Bee Sriserialis, California, 1 ap. .s.coccocerdascsesesadoeasctscvosavesss 226 53
eeeeEOts, MATOwich [slands,.scoss..sccsscescndcedenesiadancsoavenses 252 105
Be COIMCNATIS. Clijli secur secncecessacceccsccicons pian aiding ead dss in eda 220 40
IEE ORGEATIAT, LBP). .ivsvgyeicecses seococeseceraghgnavadaecd same 231 63
meeerovoma maura. Mazatlan .....c.ccc.secosesascnsewespnades Kiener 59 37

Peer Mazatlan, 1 spy. secisigesss+.ce-cevecsecedbendens Kiener 26 33

35. M. Blainville, in his Monograph of Purpura, “ Nouvelles Annales du
Muséum,” 1832, vol. i. pp. 189-262, besides the species brought by M. Botta, °
describes the two following, of which one, probably both, are from the West
\N. American coast. This accurate work, which does not seem to have been
\fully understood by recent English authors, or allowed priority by writers in
\his own country, contains a very interesting analysis of the geographical
{distribution of the tribe.

Page. No. Pl. Fig.

238 75 11 11. Purpura biserialis = bicostalis, Rve.; not P. bicostalis, Lam.

teste Blainv.
Uae 65 Il 9. costularis, am. closely resembles Murex nux, Rve.

_ $6. In Guérin’s Magasin de Zoologie for May 1833, appear figures and
descriptions of the following shells, by M. Duclos.

Pl. Fig.
22 1. Purpura sanguinolenta, Ducl. =Pollia hemastoma, Gray.
22 2. truncata, Ducl. =Monoceros muricatum. Chili. [!]

| proy. Ven. pl. 9. 1. 2. 2a.)

fl 3. —nympha. [?=costata, Blainv.}

1 5. ——— kiosquiformis. N. Holland. [!]

1 6. —— angulifera. [=Cuma tectum. ]

2. 8, centiquadra, Val. MS.= speciosa, Val. Voy. Ven.= triserialis, Blainv.

20 Oliva polpaster, Ducl. [(?=Cumingii, Rve. var.] Panama.

__‘ This plate and the next are marked “Ann. Sc. Nat. vol. 26.” The writer says that

192 REPORT—1856. c

37. In the “ Journal of Researches into the Geology and Natural History
of the various countries visited by H.M.S. Beagle, under the command o
Capt. Fitzroy, R.N., 1832-1836: by Ch. Darwin, M.A., F.R.S., London,
1839,” chap. 19, pp. 453-478, is an extremely interesting account of the
zoology of the Galapagos (which were visited in Sept. 1835), particularly of
the reptiles; but no lists are given of the shells collected. The list of the
Galapagos Mollusca, drawn out by Mr. Darwin with the assistance of Mr.
Cuming, was unfortunately not preserved; and the collections were distri-
buted without any catalogue having been made of them.

38. Perhaps the earliest specimens of U. Californian shells seen in this
country were those sent from Oregon by Lady Katherine Douglas (now Lady
K. Wigram). It would appear that that lady procured shells wherever she
could, as some are well known to be from the Sandwich Islands, and many
belong to the Gulf Fauna. The collection therefore needs careful sifting
before it can be regarded as of any geographical authority. It contains,
however, several very interesting and new shells, which have not even yet

been found again by subsequent travelers.

that have been observed.

Lutraria maxima, Mid. Calif. and Co-
lumbia R. =Tresus maximus, Gray.
= Mactra maxima, Rve. C. I. 1; 4.

Tellina nasuta, Conr. R. Col.

Tellina inquinata, Desh.

Tellina, like Dombeyi. R. Col.

Saxidomus squalidus, Desh. Cal. and R.
Col. “Copiapo, Chili,” Desh. in B.
M. Ven. Cat. p. 188. no. 5.

Saxidomus Nuttalli, R. Col.

Chione neglecta, Gray. Cal. and R. Col.

Chione ruderata, Desh. Cal.

Trigona mactroides |? radiata, jun.|. Cal.

Mactra similis, Gray.

Cardium Nuttallianum. Fort Simpson.

Mytilus ? edulis. Cal. and R, Col.

Mytilus Californianus, Conr. [?].

Pectunculus Californicus.

Pectunculus, like maculatus.

Spondylus ?

Placunanomia cepio, Gray, Cat. Anom.
B.M.p.11.no.6. “ California, Lady
Katherme Wigram.”

Placunanomia alope, Gray, Cat. Anom.
B. M. p.12.no.7. ‘ California, Lady
Katherine Wigram.”’

Anomia lampe, Gray, Cat. Anom. B. M.
p- 19. no. 14. “California, Lady
Katherine Wigram.”

Chiton Sitkensis, Rve. (non Mid. =Stel-
leri, Mid.) Cal.

Katherina Douglasie, Gray = Chiton tu-
nicatus, Sow. Cal.

Haliotis rufescens (and others).

39. During the years 1834-5, Thomas Nuttall, Esq., for many years Pro
fessor of Natural History at Harvard University, Cambridge, U.S., visitec
the then almost unsearched shores of California, by a journey across the
Rocky Mountains under the escort of a trading company. Although hi

The following are the species

Ziziphinus filosus.
Turbo fluctuatus.
Nerita 2? scabriuscula.
Neritina picta.
Hipponyz, sp. md.
Turritella goniostoma.
Cerithium maculosum.
Trivia suffusa. R. Col.
Trivia Solandri.
Torinia areola, Desh. [?]:=T. variegata,
Maz. Cat. p. 407.
Natica bifasciata, Gray.
Natica, like maroccana,
Neverita, sp. ind.
Cancellaria reticulata, Lam. (appears a
worn C. urceolata).
Oliva ? venulata.
Olivella lineolata.
Mitra, like tristis.
Columbella, like fuscata.
Columbella hemastoma, Sow. Cal.
Columbella strombiformis. Sandw. Is. [?]
Columbella castanea.
Columbella pygmea.
Purpura crispata, resembles lapillus.
Purpura crispata, varieties. Cal.& R.Col
Purpura Conradi, Nutt. R. Col.
Purpura, n.s. (smooth, like Buecinum)
Cal. The same species appears as
““W. Coast America, Hinds.”
Nassa tiarula, Kien. =tegula, Rve.
Fusus carinatus. ‘“ Labrador.”
Fusus Dupetithouarsit,
Murex trialatus, Sow.

1

na

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 193

object was principally botanical, his love of natural science induced him to
collect all the shells he could meet with; and with such good success, that
many of his species have net to this day been again discovered. ‘The pecu-
liar interest attaching to his researches is, that he did not visit any part of
the coast north of Oregon or south of San Diego. There is no danger,
therefore, of any admixture with the shells of the Gulf district; and his
collections may be regarded as the type of the Californian fauna strictly so
called. Leaving the American shores, Mr. Nuttall visited the Sandwich
Islands, whence he only brought one species belonging to the American
fauna, viz. Hipponyx Grayanus, on a Pinna. On his return to the United
States, wid Cape Horn, the description of the marine shells was undertaken
by Mr. T. A. Conrad, and of the land and freshwater species by Mr. Lea.
The latter gentleman communicated his paper to the American Philosophi-
cal Society, where it will be found in the ‘ Transactions,’ vol. vi.; Mr. Conrad
read his paper before the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, in
Jan, and Feb. 1837. It is published in the second part of the ‘ Journal’ of
the Society, vol. vii. pp. 227-268*. Although headed “ Descriptions of New
Marine Shells, from Upper California, collected by Thomas Nuttall, Esq.,”’
it also contains not only descriptions of several of Mr. Nuttall’s Sandwich
Island shells and Minnita Nuttalli, from Fayalt, but also shells from places.
never visited by him, as Lyonsia inflata, Guayaquil, Dr. Burrough ; Vedlsella
Nuttalli, from the Friendly Islands ; and Tellina lintea, a fossil from Mobile
Point, Alabama. The work bears the appearance of undue haste ; the genera

are grouped together without the least regard to arrangement; a large pro-
portion of the species are named either Californicus or Nuttalli; the diffi-
cult genera, such as Acmea and Chiton, are not touched; the localities

cannot always be depended on, as e.g. when Perna Californica is said to
inhabit the Sandwich Islands ; and the descriptions being in English would
not have been entitled to claim precedence were it not that they are accom-
panied by tolerably recognizable figures. The characteristic names and very
elegant and accurate descriptions of plants from the pen of Mr. Nuttall in
the same volume, make us greatly regret that he performed his conchological
work by proxy. But the confusion does not end here. Mr. Nuttall, having

‘reserved a sinall part of his collections for his own use, transferred the bulk

of them to Dr. Jay, accompanied by MS. names for the shells passed over by
Conrad. These have been printed in Jay’s Catalogue, but without descrip-
tions, with the addition of some not in the least remembered by Mr. Nuttall.
Under these names they were sent to Mr. Cuming and others, and have
taken their chance of admission into the monographst. Meanwhile Mr.
Nuitall returned to England (where he now resides on his estate, Nut Grove,
Rainhill, near Liverpool), and continued to distribute the shells under MS.
names; but not having access to Conrad’s work, the names of that author
were often lost, and others substituted in their place. So little is Conrad’s

| paper known, that M. Deshayes redescribed several of the most character-

istic species; Dr. Dunker complained that he had never been able to see it ;

* Part i. of the same volume bears date 1834.
T It is generally supposed that the Hinnites Poulsoni, which is described and figured by

| Conrad in the same volume of the Journal, and is the H. giganteus, Gray, is assigned to Fayal.

The two species have been confounded, as the locality of H. Poulsoni was not known.

J, Of the species only existing in Dr. Jay’s Catalogue, and which therefore have no claim
to priority, 1 am unable to give any information. I have requested that celebrated concholo-
gist (through Dr. Gould) to furnish the public with either figures or descriptions of them, but
have not yet received a reply. From the redescription of several of them by Dr. Gould, they
would appear not to be well known eyen by the naturalists of his own country.

1856, e)

194 BEPporRT—l 856.

and Philippi states that it is not to be found even in the Royal libraries at
Berlin or Gottingen. Having fortunately obtained access to a copy of the
paper, and compared it with Mr. Nuttall’s own shells*, and at the same time
with those brought by the officers of the Mexican war, I offer the following
as the best statement that present circumstances will permit. It should be
premised that Mr. Conrad, in the ‘ Journal’ for 1849, made several emenda-
tions of his paper which have been here incorporated. The new species are
described in the ‘ Proc. Zool. Soc,’ 1856, pp. 209-229. |

o o
No.| & 2 |Fig. Name. Locality. Station,
1/236/18/5, 6|Parapholast Californica, Conr. ...........00+5 Sta. Barbara. |clay rocks.
= Pholas C., Cour. a pr. man.; Sow. Thes.
= Pholas Janellii, Desh. Rev. 1839, p.357;
Guer. pl. 14-16; Chen. pl. 3. f. 5;
Jay’s Cat. No.162.—Mus. Nutt., Cum.,
Brit.
2/237/18} 7/——f penita, Conr. ......c00..ceeceeeseeeeoes Sta. Barbara. |clay rocks.

=Pholas p., Cour. a pr. man.

=Pholas concameraia, Desh. Rev. 1839,
p- 357; Guer.pl.17; Chen. pl. 3.f. 4;
Jay’s Cat..186.—Mus. Gould.

3}23618} 2|Platyodon ¢ cancellata, Conr., Jay’s Cat. 265.) S

et

a. Barbara. |muddy marshes ar

—Mus. Nutt., Brit. soft rocks.
4|235|18) 1/Cryptodon § Nuttallii, Conr. ..........00....4- Sta. Barbara. |salt marshes, bare
?= Cypricia Nuttallii, quasi Conr.—B.M. low w.

Non Mactra Nuttallii, Rve. Conch. Ic.
pl. 21. sp. 125.—Mus. Nutt., Brit.
5/234/17| 11|Spheenia Californica, Conr. ...........2+++008 S
=Cryptomya Californica, Cour. Journ.
1849, p. 208; Jay’s Cat. 467.—Mus.

oe

a. Barbara. |salt marshes; rare.

Nutt.
6/248/19) 8/Thracia curta, Con7.—Mus, Nutt............. Sta. Barbara. jone fine pair.
7|\247\19| 5/MytilimeriaQ Nuttalli, Conr., Jay’s Cat.| California, |in sponge, and throw
2221.—Mus. Brit. up attached to root
of fuci, in deep w.
8|248/19| 20|/Lyonsia Californica, Conr, .........sseseseeeees Sta. Barbara.

?=Z. hyalina, Conr. This shell, which
seems to have been lost, probably re-
appears as LZ. nitida, Gould: v. infra.

9|238|/18| 8|Periploma argentaria, Conr. .............e000 San Diego. |muddy marshes oj
= P. planiuscula, Sow.1834, teste Gld. non sea-coast.
Cum,; Jay’s Cat.330.—Mus.Cum.Gld.
10/228)17} 1|Pandora punctata, Con7.—Mus. Cum., Nutt.| Sta. Barbara. |single valves.

* Mr. Nuttall’s silvery locks have not lessened his interest in Natural Science. His
memory is singularly clear on all matters relating to his own collections ; and has been allowed”
to turn the scale on doubtful points, in the few instances where no MS. had remained.

+ It is difficult to know what Conrad means by this genus, which is described in Journ,
1849, p. 214. He afterwards calls P. acuminata, which is clearly congeneric, Penitella Wil.
sonii ; while he applies the name Parapholas to Pholadidea melanura. Itis here used accord-
ing ‘to the interpretation of Woodw. (Man. Moll. p. 329) for the Pholadidee with tripartite
valves, persistent cups, and large plates.

t Platyodon is described as a subgenus of Mya, with four testaceous valves on the ends of
the tubes.

§ Cryptodon is described as a subgenus of Luétraria, with two corneous valves, which close
the orifices of the tubes, a t

{ Mytilimeria, as appears from type valves in the Brit. Mus., received from Conrad, is
subgenus of Lyonsia (not a synonym for it) with spiral umbos, regular rounded form,
very slight ligamental pit.

}
:
;
\
}
i

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 195

a

oS : .
No. é = Fig. Name. Locality. Station.
BU231/17| S8jSolecurtus lucidus, Cop. ....-....scassssssers Sta. Barbara. |rare.
= 8. radiatus, Gld. non Linn. (teste Conr.
1849).

= Siliqua lucida, Conr. Journ. Aug. 1849.
Machera lucida, Jay ,238.—Mus.Nutt.,Br.
12/232)17| 9jSolecurtus Nuttallii, Com. ....cccees.seeeees Columbia R. |salt marshes, near
= Siliqua Nuttallii, Cony. Aug. 1849. Pt. Adams.
= Solen splendens, Chen. teste Conr.
=Machera maxima, Gould, Jay’s Cat.

239; non Wood, teste Conr. —Mus.

Nutt.
13/233|17| 10)/Cultellus subteres, eae [Subg. described.]| Sta. Barbara.
Solecurtus subteres, Jay, 236. — Mus.

Nutt., Brit.
14/233/18} 3 Californianus, CFS aaabingecacaneltetsiin es Sta. Barbara. |muddy salt marshes:
Solecurtus Californianus, Jay, 221.—Mus. common.
Nutt., Brit.
15|241|18| 13, Psammobia Pacifica, Conr., Jay, 500 (Co-| San Diego. j|deepish water, sandy
lumbiaR.).{ Sanguinolaria.|—Mus.Br. bottom.

16/230/17; 6|Sanguinolaria Nuttallii, Conr., Jay,488,489.| San Diego. j|marshes.
—Mus. Nutt., Cum.
= Psammobia decora, Hds.

17/231/17| 7|—— Californiana, Conr. ....s.cse.ssseeseeee. Columbia R. {muddy marshes, brack-
Var, A. “ May prove distinct.”—Mus. Nutt. ish.
18 rubro-radiata, Conr., Nutt. MS.—Mus.| California.

Nutt. Appears to have been over-
looked. Allied to Psammobia.
19/239|18| 11/Amphidesma rubrolineata, Conr. ............ San Diego. |deep water.
=Semele simplex, A. Ad. ?ubi.— Mus.
Gld., Cuming.
20)239/19| 2i—— decisa, Comr. ......ceccccccecsssescecsccens San Diego. |deep water.
=A, roseum, Gld. [? non Brod. & Sow.);
Jay, 443.—Mus. Nutt., Brit., Cum.
21\234/17| 12\Cumingia Californica, Conr., Jay,457.—Mus.| Sta. Barbara. |rare.
Cum., Brit.
22/258 Vetina alta, Conr., Jay, 520 ....scccacccccoces Sta. Barbara.
: ?=?Scrobicularia biangulata, Cpr.*—Mus.
Nutt. P.Z.S. 1855, p. 230.

23 — edentula, Brod. & Sow. —Mus. Nutt.,| Columbia R. |‘Growsvery large, and
Cum. &c. is eaten by the Chin-
| hooks.” —Nutt.
| 24/258 —— nasuta, Conr., Jay, 592. Columbia} San Diego.

River. Jay’s habitat is likely to be
more correct than Conrad’s, as this is
one of the Okotsk ieee

25|257 PRM BECCA, COMPS cscs. saccevecscecscccensees San Diego. |muddy marshes.
| =T. ligamentina, Desh. in Guer. Mag.
: 1843, pl. 81; Jay, 633.—Mus. Nutt.
| 26 Strigilla carnaria, Linn. Poitba ceaeisnee sees California. {not uncommon.
| 27/254/19} 21|/Donax Californica, Conr., Jay, 699.—Mus.| Sta. Barbara. |sand.
Nutt., Brit., Cum. &c.
= Donazx obesa, Phil. Zeit. f. Mal. 1851],

p- 75. no. 2. (non Desh.)

* The 7. alia is lost in this country. There is no figure in Conrad. In genera that are
loosely defined, there is a danger of species reappearing under two heads, as in the case of
Psammobia decor a, Hds., which however was figured. The biangulate character assigned to
Tf. alta makes the ?Scrobicularia suspected.

T There is a Tellina Californica, as of Conr., in the Brit. Mus., which is probably identical
With one of these published species.

{ This species has been overlooked in the Monograph, P. Z.S. Vide Br. Mus. Maz. Cat.
in loco,

02

196 REPORT—1856.

6 |s
8 .
No. 2 oe Fig. Name.

———— | | fl | es,

———"

27 |254/19| 21 /Donax Californica (continued).
= D. obesus, Gld., quasi nov. sp.
Non D. Californicus, Desh. in Mus. Cum.
=D. Conradi, var. jun.
28/240/18] 12|Mactra Californica, Conr.—Mus. Gould .
29/240 planulata, Conr. (Appears to be lost. :)

Locality. Station.

.|Sta. Barbara. | |muddy marshes ba
Sta. Barbara. at low water: rare.

30/256/20| 9/Petricola Californica, Conr. Journ. Aug.1849 ;|Sta. Barbara &

Desh. Cat. Ven. p. 208. no. 3.
Saxicava C., Conr. a prim. man.; Jay’s
Cat. 460.—Mus. Gould, Cum.
=FPetricola arcuata, Desh. Rey. Cuv.
Dec. 1839, p. 358.
carditoides, Conr. Journ. Aug. 1849.
Saxicava c., Conr.apr. man.—Mus. Nutt.,
Gld.
Non Venerupis carditoides, Lam. An. s.
Vert. vol. vi. p.164. no. 7; Desh. B.M.
Cat. Ven. p. 192. no. 7.
=P, Californica, var. teste Nutt.
Comp. Petricola cylindracea, Desh. Rev.
Cuv. 1839, p. 358; B.M. Cat. Ven.
p- 208. no. 5.
Comp. Petricola gibba, Mid. Mal. Ross.
. 57. pl. 18. f. 5=7.,
31/251)19| 19/Venus lamellifera, Conr. [Rupellaria.] ......
= Venerupis Cordieri, var. 3, Desh. Cat.
% Ven. p. 191. no. 'T.
=Petricola Cordieri, Desh. Rev. Cuv.
1839, p. 358.—Mus. Cum., Nutt.,

300/255/20) 8

Gld.
32 P Tapes tamaidad COR oid. sienlodinstdateanwanien
Mysia tumida, Conr. teste Nutt. MS.—
Mus. Nutt.
33/250/19] 14/Venus staminea, Coms.......sccceccccccccecseces

Tapes straminea, Sow. Thes. Conch. p.699,
pl.151.f. 151.

= Venus dispar, Gld. MS.—Mus. Brit.,
Nutt., Cum.

a
Yen)
rl
=}
(=)
=
A

San Diego.

Sta. Barbara. |jone valve.

San Diego. one valve.

Sta. Barbara. jone sp.

Sta. Barbara &
San Diego.

34|249/19] 12)Saxidomus Nuttalli, Conr. [Genus de-|‘‘ California and| burrowing into sof

scribed.] Desh. Cat. Ven. p. 188. no. 4.
= Venerupis gigantea, Desh. Rev. Cuv.
1839, p. 359, teste Jay.
=Pullastra gigantea, Catl. Conch. Nom.
. 41.

=Saxidomus giganteus, Desh. Cat. Ven.
p. 187. no. 2.

Comp. Saxidomus Petiti, Desh. Cat. Ven.
p- 189. no. 7; Jay, 481.—Mus. Nutt.,
Cum. [The species described from the
Californian Saxidomi are unsatisfac-
torily made out; depending on dif-
ferences in sculpture which appear

variable. |
35)/253)/19 VW Trigonella crassatelloides, Conr...........0++.
Subgenus indicated: described Journ.
1849, p. 213.
Trigona crassatelloides, Desh. Cat. Ven.
p. 46. no. 1.

= Cutherea solidissima, Phil. Z.f.M. 1851,

p. 74. no. 100.

Cytherea crassatelloides, Jay, 847. Mus.

Nutt., Gld., Brit., Cum.

oe

San Diego.” | claystone.”

San Diego and |1 foot deep in
Sta. Barbara.| sand, common.

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 197

o o
No. é a Fig. Name. Locality. Station.
36)252 Cytherea callosa, Conr. [Dosinia.]......... Sta. Barbara. common: broken by
Non Chione callosa, Desh. Cat. Ven.p. 135. gulls.
no. 48.
Non Venus Stuchburyi, Jay’s Cat. 1080.
—Mus. Nutt.
37/250/19) 15/Venus Nuttalli, Conr., Jay, 1037.—Mus.|Sta. Barbara &
+ Brit., Nutt., Cum. San Diego.
=| Chione Nuttallii, Desh. Cat. Ven. p. 135.
5 no. 47.
| + Chione callosa, Desh. no. 48, pars.
38/251/19) 16 Californiana, Conr. [quasi Sow.] ...... San Diego. |muddy marshes.
fe| = Venus Californiensis, Brod. P.Z.S.1838.
‘=| Chione Californiensis, Desh. no. 44.
=| =Venus leucodon, Sow.testeDesh.—Mus.

Brit., Cum., Nutt.

39 — simillima, Sow., Desh. Cat. Ven.p.133.| California. |one sp.
no. 43.—Mus. Nutt.
40 —— (Chione) excavata, Cor.—Mus. Nutt.| San Diego. Jone sp.
41/236|18) 4|Cypricardia Californica, Conr.* ........0060.8. San Diego and|soft clay rocks, bare

=C. Duperryi, Desh. Rev. Cuy. 1839,| Sta. Barbara. | at low water.
p. 359. teste Gld.—Mus. Nutt.

421256 Chama exogyra, Conr., Jay 2110.—Mus.|Sta. Barbara & jon rocks.
Nutt., Cum., Brit., Gld. San Diego.

43 ——? frondosa, var. Mexicana. — Mus.| Sta. Barbara. jone young sp.
Nutt.

44 —— pellucida.........ceccscceceseseeeees Wes icch Sta. Barbara. jone very fine sp.

45)/229)17| 3/Cardium Nuttallii, Conr., Jay, 1177.—Mus.|Sp. San Juan dimuddy marshes.
Nutt., Brit. Fuca.

456)229/17| 4|——- Californianum, Conr.........ccecssceeeess Sta. Barbara. |single valves, rare.

?

=C. Nutiallii, var. teste Midd. Mus.
Non C. Californiense, Desh. teste Midd.
46)230|17| 5|—— quadragenarium, Conr., Jay, 1197-98.| Sta. Barbara. |rare.
(Not known in England.)
Comp. C. xanthocheilum=luteolabrum,
Gld

47/228|17| 2|—— substriatum, Conr., Jay, 1222.—Mus.| San Diego. |muddy marshes, bare

Nutt. at low water.
48)/254/19) 11|Lucina bella, Conr........cccccccecoecesccccece ..| San Diego. |muddy marshes, bare
= L. pecten, var. teste Jay [?] Cat. 682. at 1. w.: common.
49/255/20| 1|—— Californica, Conr., IAG OO2 edie cesar San Diego. |ditto: rare.
90/255/20| 2/—— Nuttalli, Conr., Jay, 680.—Mus. Nutt.) San Diego. |muddy marshes, &c.
51 Diplodonta orbella, Gld. .........ccecsceecees Sta. Barbara. |muddy estuary, 1 sp.

?=D. semiaspera, var.— Mus. Nutt.,
d

52 Anodon Nuttalliana, Zea, Trans. Am. Phil.| Wahlamat R.,
Soc. vol. vi. pl. 20. f. 62; Jay, 2059.) Oregon.
—Mus. Nutt.

53 —— Oregonensis, Lea, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc.| Wahlamat R.,

vol. vi. pl. 21. f.67; Jay, 2061. Oregon.

54 —— Wahlamatensis, Zea, Trans. Am. Phil.| Wahlamat R.,
Soc. vol. vi. pl. 20. f. 64; Jay, 2084. Oregon.

55/242 Modiola capax, Conr., Jay, 2153.—Mus.| Sta. Barbara. |marshes and muddy
Cum., Gld., Brit. shores.

Ke 243/19} 1 recta, Conr.—Mus. Gld........ vane cee Sta. Barbara. lrare.

Mytilus edulis, Linn., (a) normalis, (0) pel-| U. California.
lucidus, (¢) latissimus.—Mus. Nutt.
98/242/18) 15|Mytilus Californianus, Conr., Jay, 2185.—| Sta. Barbara, jon rocks.
| Mus. Gld. Monterey,
San Diego.

* Mr. Hanley thinks that this shell may be the C. Guiniaca of Lamarck. This is extremely

unlikely, as there is no evidence that Lam, was acquainted with a single strictly Californian
species,

198 REPORT—1856.

o o
No. & = |Fig. Name. Locality. Station.
—— | ——— | | — —— SS | rere
59|241/18|) 14|Mytilus bifurcatus, Conr., Jay, 2184......... ‘¢ Sandwich Is.’’|“‘on rocks, bare at low]
No knowledge of the locality of this shell water.” —Conr.

exists, except the statement of Conrad,
which alone is not binding, and its
appearance among the Mexican War
shells, the collectors of which brought
home nothing from the Sandwich
Islands.
60/246 Perna costellata, Conr., Jay, 2267.—Mus.|“ Sandwich Is.”|“ under stones.” Conr.
Nutt. ‘Sta. Barbara.”
Conrad, who rightly assigns his P. Cali-
fornica to the Sandwich Islands,
appears to have made an error in
assigning the Californian species to
the same place.
61/238/18| 9/Pecten latiauratus, Conr., Jay, 2364.—Mus./San Diego and/below efflux of tide.

Nutt., Cum. Sta. Barbara. {
610/238|18; 10/—— Monotimeris, Conr........scecceveessscees San Diego and|below efflux of tide.
=P. latiauratus, var. teste Nutt.; Jay,| Sta. Barbara.| Young attached to
2374. Fuci by byssus.
62 Ostrea conchaphila, B.M. Maz. Cat. no. 214.|Oreg., S$. Diego.
—Mus. Nutt. &c.
63 Bulla nebulosa, Gid.—Mus. Gould, Cumiug,| Sta. Barbara.
Nutt., Brit.
64 Helix Californiensis, Zea, Trans. Am. Phil.|Columbia River. 2

Soc. vol. vi. p. 99. pl. 23. f. 79, 84.
-+H. Nickliniana, Lea, teste Jay, 3452.

65 -—— Columbiana, Zea, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc.|Columbia River,
vol. vi. p. 89. pl. 23. f. 75; Jay, 3552.) Ft. Vancouver,
Nootka Sd.
66 —— Nuttalliana, Zea, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc.|Ft. Vancouver,
vol. vi. p. 89. pl. 23. f. 74. Nootka Sd.
=H. fidelis, Gray, P.Z.S. 1834, p. 67 ;; Oregon.
Jay, 3668.
67 —— Oregonensis, Zea, Trans. Am. Phil.| Oregon.
Soc. vol. vi. p. 89. pl. 23. f. 85; Jay,
4095. |
68 —— Vancouverensis, Lea, Trans. Am, Phil. Oregon.

Soc. vol. vi. p. 87. pl. 23. f.72; Jay,
4524.—Mus. Nutt.

69 — Townsendiana, Lea, Trans. Am. Phil.| Oregon.
Soe. vol. vi. p. 99. pl. 23. f. 80.—Mus.
Gld., Cum.
70 Succinea Oregonensis, Lea, Trans. &c. 1841,) Oregon.
p. 32; Jay, 5734.
71 Limnza Nuttalliana, Lea, Trans. &c., 1841, Oregon.
p- 9; Jay, 6316.
72 Physa, sp. ind.—Mus. Nutt. ......ceceeeeeeee! Oregon.
73 Planorbis suberenatus, Cyr.—Mus. Nutt... Oregon. 1 sp.
74 ChitonNuttalli, Cor.*—Mus.Nutt.,Cum.,?Br.| Monterey.
75 —— acutus, Cpr.*—Mus. Nutt, ....0....0e. Sta. Barbara.
ornatus, Nutt. MS.—Mus. Nutt. ...... San Diego.
?= Ch. armatus, Nutt. in Jay’s Cat. 2678:
= Ch. muscosus, Gld. Lin
47 Acmea patina, Esch.—Mus. Nutt.,Cum.,Br.,| U. California.
Gld. &e.
= Patella fenestrata, Nutt. in Jay’s Cat.
2815.

+P. mamiillata, Nutt. inJay’s Cat. 2839.

* In the Brit. Mus. appears an undescribed “ Chiton consimilis, Nutt.” It is probably
one of these species, which were described from Mr. Nuttall’s own specimens. There is also @
Chiton Californicus,. Nuttall, MS., in Rve. Conch. Ie, pl, 16. fig. 89.

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 199

o o
No. é E lFig. Name. _ Locality. Station. —

— = ou $$ | ee |

7 Acmea patina (continued).
+ P. tessellata, Nutt. in Jay’s Cat. 2885.
?+ P. diaphana, Nutt. in Jay’s Cat. 2813
(? non P. diaphana, Rve.*).

78 pelta, Hsch.—Mus. Nutt., Cum. Brit.,) U. California.
Gld. &e.
=FPatella leucophea, Nutt. MS.; Rve.
Conch. Ic. pl. 34. sp. 101; non P.
leucophea, Gmel., Jay’s Cat. 2827.
?+ P. monticola, Nutt. MS.=P. monti-
color, Jay’s Cat. 2844.
+ P. strigiliata, Nutt. MS.; Jay, 2881.
79 persona, Esch.—Mus. Nutt., Cum., Br., Oregon.

Gld. &ce.
= Patella Oregona, Nutt. MS.=P. Ore-
gana, Jay’s Cat. 2852.
+P. umbonata, Nutt. MS.; Jay, 2887.
+ P. pileata, Nutt. MS.; Jay, 2861.
80 —— scabra, Nutt. MS.—Mus. Nutt., Cum.,| San Diego, &c.
Brit., Gld. &e.
Lottia scabra, Jay’s Cat. 2907.
Patella scabra, Rve. Conch. le. pl. 37.

f. 119 a, b.
Non P. L. scabra, Gld. Exp. Shells, p. 10.
81 —— spectrum, Nutit.MS.—Mus.Nutt.,Cum.,| California.
Brit., Gld. &c.

Patella spectrum, Jay, 2877 ; Rve. Conch.
Ic. pl. 29. f. 76 a, d.

=P. L. seabra, Gld., non Nutt.t

82 Scurria mitra, Esch. & Less.—Mus. Nutt.,, Monterey. |common.

Cum., Brit. Gld., &c.

= Patella scurra, Less. Voy. Coq. 1830,
p- 421. no. 198.

= Acmeamitra+mammillata [non Nutt. }
+marmorea, Esch.

=? Lottia pallida, Gray, Z. B. V. p. 147.

p39. f. 1.
1 83 Fissurella ornata, Nutt. MS.—Mus. Nutt.,| U. California.
Brit. Jay, 3003 (St. Helena, err.)
84 Gly peee asperd, EseWs jc..:.ccsessseciccesetens Sta. Barbara.

=Fissurella densiclathrata, Rve. teste
Cum.—Mus. Nutt., Cum.
=F, exarata, Nutt. MS.
Ret =F, cratitia, Gld.
| 85 Lucapina crenulata, Sow. Conch. Ill. no. 19.} San Diego.
f. 31, 38; Tank. Cat. App. p. vi; Rve.
Conch. Ic. pl. 3. sp. 18.—Mus. Jay,
Nutt., Cum.
| 86 Haliotis Californiensis, Swains. Zool. [ll.| San Diego.
vol. ii. pl. 80.

hom 87 Cracherodii, Leach, Rve.Conch.Ic.pl.7.| San Diego.
| f. 23.—Mus. Jay, Nutt.

| =H glaber, Schub. and Wagn. pl. 224.

| f. 3086-7.

| 4788 —— splendens, Rve. Conch. Ic. pl. 3. £9...) San Diego.
| 89 Pomaulax undosus, Wood. .........00e..seeeeee Monterey.
= Trochus Californianus,N utt.MS.—Mus.

Nutt., Cum., Brit.

I rte di Ng ee
* For other references to this species, v. supra, p. 1738.
T Of Patella levigata, Nutt. MS. in Jay’s Cat. 2825, Mr. Nuttall can give no information.
It is probably one of the many forms of 4. patina. The above arrangement is satisfactory to
Mr. Nuttall, after a re-examination of his shells in connexion with the collections of Dr. Gould.

200 REPORT—1856.

No. S S |Fig. Name. Locality. Station.
‘oom!

Monterey.

90 Trochiscua iN garish Sain c4i0603 es caxeseennd Weed
= Turbo rotellifor mis, Jay.— Mus. Nuit.,
Brit., Cum.
91 Trochus filosus, Wood, Suppl. pl. 5. f. 23
(malé).
= T. castaneus, Nutt. MS.; Forbes, P.Z.S.
1850.
= T. ligatus, Gould, Exp. Sh. p. 55.
Var. = 7. doliarius,Gid. MS.? nonChemn.
? Var. = T. virgineus, Gld.MS.?non Chemn.
=Ziziphinus annulatus, A. Ad. ? non
Mart.in Lam. An.s. Vert.ix.144.no.51.
—Mus. Nutt., Gld., Cum., Brit.
92 Omphalius ater, Zess—Mus. Nutt., Cum.,
Brit. &e.
? Var. = Trochus gallina, Forbes.
93 — fuscescens, Phil. ........ceeeceeseceeees .
= Trochus luridus,Nutt.MS.—Mus.Nutt.,
Brit., Cum.
94 —— marginatus, Nutt. MS., in P. Z. §.| U. California.
1851, p. 181. no. 11*.—Mus. Nutt.,
Brit., Cum.
95 —— aureotinctus, Forbes .....cccscecesesseees
?=Trochus pallidus, Nutt. MS.—Mus.
Nutt., Brit., Cum., Gld.
= 7. cateniferus, Potiez, teste Gld.
96 Crepidula rugosa, Nutt. MS.; Jay, 3036.
—Mus. Nutt., Cum.
= C. onyx, var. teste Jay [?].

Monterey.

California.

Sta. Barbara.

U. California.

U. California.

97 —~, sp. ind.—Mus. Nutt., Jay. .........08. U. California.
= Crepidula navicelloides, Nutt. MS.
? Jun. = Cr. minuta, Mid. Mal. Ros. p. 101.
pial. {:G,7.
? Var.=Cr. nummaria, Gid., Exp. Sh.
p- 15; Jay, 3035.—Mus. Cum., Gld.
98 explanata, Gid.. 65068. Rie U. California.
= Crepidula exuviata, Nutt. in Jay’s Cat.
3027.
= Cr. perforans, Val.—Mus. Jay, Cum.,
Gld.
?= Cr. navicelloides, var.
99 ACURA, OAM. sac. ns cdiwasndswecieitateh onde Sta. Barbara. |common.
= Crepidula Californica, Nutt. MS —Mus. |
Nutt., Brit., Warrington, &c.
100 Crucibulum spinosum, Sow.—Mus. Nutt... Monterey. j|very rare. |
10] Hipponyx Grayanus, Mfe. ......- Guth bhoadann California. {very rare. |
= IT, radiatus, Gray.— Mus. Nutt. )
102 Spiroglyphus, sp. ind.—Mus. Nutt. ......... Sta. Barbara. |] young sp. On Crep. ;
aculeata. |
103 Aletes squamigerus, Cpyr.— Mus. Nutt.,| Sta. Barbara.
Gld.
104 Petaloconchus macrophragma, Cpr.—Mus.| San Diego. jon Euraphia Hembeli.)
Nutt.
105 Cerithidea sacrata, Gld. ......secscsecseeesenees Monterey, Sta.|in estuaries.

= Pirena Californica, Nutt. MS.—Mus.| Barbara, &c.
Nutt., Brit., Gld.

106 Litorina planaxis, Philicicd meee Oe

=Littorina tenebrata, Gld.—Mus. Nutt.,

Brit., Cum.

California.

~~

* Mr. Adams in his Monograph of the family has omitted to describe this Ciena! It
may, however, be the Z'urbo marginatus of Rve. Conch, Ic. pl. 12. f. 57.

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 201

[-B) oO

No. z = Fig. Name. Locality. Station.
107 Natica ?maroccana, var. Californica*.—Mus.| U. California.

Nutt., Brit.
108 Ranella triquetra, Rve. Conch. Ic. pl. 7. f.41.| San Diego.

—Mus. Nutt., Cum.

Extremely likea youngVifularia salebrosa.
Also resembles &. muriciformis.

109 Mitra maura, feste Nutt. MS.—Mus. Nutt.| U. California.
110 Olivella glandinaria, Nuéz.—Mus. Nutt. California.
111 “BuccinumPoulsoni,”’ Nutt. MS.—Mus.Nutt.| U. California.

N.B. The Purpura dumosa, Conv. p. 267.
pl. 20. f. 20=porphyrostoma, Rve.
teste Jay, is not from California, as
given by Jay, Cat. 8781, (Conrad being
silent), but from Wahoo, Sandw. Is.
teste Nutt.
112/267 Purpura macrostoma, Conr. ..+...seseeeseeees Sta, Barbara.
=P. aperta, Blainv. var., teste Jay’s Cat.
8942 :—Museo suo.
113/266|20| 25|—— harpa, Conr.—Mus. Nutt. Jay,8980...| Sta. Barbara.
114 —— emarginata, Desh. ...secsccscsssovsecrreoes California.
=P. Conradi, Nutt. MS. teste Jay’s Cat.
8972.—Mus. Brit., Cum.
115|264/20| 17|Monoceros engonatum, Conr......... Patents Sta. Barbara.
= M. unicarinatum, Rve. Conch. {c. sp. 1;
non pl, 1.f. 1. nec syn. plur.: non Sow.
nec Desh.
Comp. Purpura spirata, Blainv. Nouv.
Ann. Mus. i. 1832, pl. 12. f. 8. p. 252.
no. 105; Kien. Ic. Conch. p. 121.
no. 76. pl. 38. f. 90.=M. unicarina-
tum, pars, Desh. in Lam. An. s. Vert.
x. p. 124. no. 10, syn. Angl. exci.—
Mus. Nutt., Brit., Jay, 9067.
116/264 —— brevidens, Conr....i.sc.recsisccesccssoves Sta. Barbara.
=M. unicarinatum, Sow. Conch. IIl.
no. 14. p. 4. f. 5, non Rve. nec Desh.
| = Monoceros, pl. 1. f. 2 (non sp. 2), Rve.
Conch. Ic. Non M. brevidentatum,
| Gray = M. maculatum,Gray = Purpura
cornigera, Blainv. Jay, 9045.—Mus.
Nutt., Cum.
117|265/20| 18|\—— lapilloides, Nutt. .........cceceeveseeeeee Sta. Barbara.
= M. punctulatum, Sow. Conch. Il. p. 4.
no. 13. f. 3.
=M. punctatum, Gray, Z. B. V. 1839,
p. 124 :—Rve. Conch. Ic. sp. 2. pl. 1.
f. 1 (non f. 2).—Mus. Jay 9065, Nutt.,
Brit., Cum. Possibly these three
species are varieties of the same.
118)/264/20| 22/Murex (Cerostoma) Nuttalli, Conr. [s. g. de-| Sta. Barbara.
scribed]. Jay, 8298.—Mus. Nutt.
?= Murex monoceros, Sow. jun. P. Z. S.
1840, p. 143; Rve. pl. 2. f. 7.

40. In the “ Voyage autour du Monde, pendant les années 1836-37, sur
la Bonite: Zoologie, par MM. Eydoux et Souleyet ;” published without date
at Paris between the years 1847 and 1851, are to be found beautiful illustra-
tions of Cephalopoda and Pteropoda, and various plates of shells without

* Mr. Reeve figures a “ Natica plicatula, Nutt.” pl. 28. f. 107, without locality. It closely
resembles No. 107, but has a straight umbilicus.

oe «* REPORT—1856.

descriptions. The original types of most of these are deposited separately in —

the British Museum ; of which the Trustees published a Catalogue in January

1855. The following are all that have been observed which enter the West i

N. American province; having been collected probably on the W. coast of —

S. America, as far north as Guayaquil, whence the vessel sailed for the Sand-
wich Islands.

Plate. Fig.
35 1-3. Natica glauca, Humb. =N. patula, Sow.
35 4,5. Natica Chemnitzii, Récl. (non N. Chemnitziz, Pfr. =N. maroccana,
Chemn. var.)
36 1-5.

37 25-31. Modulus trochiformis, Eyd. & Soul. =M. disculus, Phil.

39 17-19. Purpura undata, Lam. var. This is not the West Indian shell, which
is probably the true P. undata. It is doubtful whether it is a variety
of the Pacific species, P. biserialis, Blainv.

In the British Museum Collection there also appear—
Tablet 195. Scurria mitra, Less. & Esch.
» 248. Cytherea ?petichialis, Touranne.
» 9395. “ Purpura hemastoma,” punctured like the P. biserialis, and probably
identical with it. (? =P. undata, figured as above.)

4]. In the year 1836, the Venus sailed from France under the command
of M. du Petit Thouars, on a voyage of discovery round the world. The
second in command was M. Chiron, who, aided by his friend M. de La Perouse,

collected a large number of shells. The ship visited Callao, Payta, the Gala- ©

pagos, the Bay of Magdalena, Mazatlan, San Blas, and various stations north-
wards as far as Kamtschatka.

After the return of the expedition in 1839, M. Chiron furnished M. Des-
hayes with a large number of specimens, who makes this characteristic an-
nouncement. ‘MM. les officiers de marine, qui ont le désir détre utiles a
Vhistoire naturelle, reconnaitront qu’en mettant les riches matériaux qu ‘ils
rapportent entre les mains de naturalistes vraiment travailleurs, ils en font pro-

fiter de suite la science; ce guz n'a jamais lew lorsquiils les donnent, sans —

discernement et en totalité, a des établissemens publics.” In this country we
should desire to reverse the recommendation; and consider that collectors
were showing their discernment by giving the first choice of their materials,
en totalité, to public museums where they can be consulted by students,

In the “ Revue Zoologique par la Société Cuvierienne, Paris, Decembre
1839,” pp. 356-361, appear Latin diagnoses of 30 “ Nouvelles Espéces de
Mollusques, provenant des cétes de la Californie, du Mexique, du Kamt-
schatka, et de la Nouvelle Zélande, décrites par M. Deshayes.” As several
of the species figured by Conrad are redescribed, it is to be presumed that

he wrote in ignorance of his labours. The following are the shells belonging ~

to the West N. American faunas, with the habitats when recorded.

P. 357. Chironia Laperousii. [Monterey, pl. 21. Probably a deformed ¥.
Hartweg.| Mag. Zool. 1840, tuberculosa.
pl. 12. P. 358. Cytherea equilatera, California.
Pholas Janellii, California. =P. = Trigona argentina, Sow. M.
Californica, Cony. M. Z. pl. Z. pl. 22.
14-16. Savicava pholadis, Lam, An. s.
Pholas concamerata, California. Vert. iv. 152. no. 8. Kamt-
=P; penita, Conr. M.Z. pl. 17. schatka.
P. 358. Arca trapezia, ‘ Semblas au Sawicava legumen, California. M.

Mexique.” ?San Blas. M. Z: Z. pl. 29. Probably the long .

| é

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 203

form of the common species: P. 360. Cardium Californiense, Califor-

also found at Mazatlan. nia. M.Z. pl.47. = C. Nut-
P. 358. Petricola Cordieri, California. tallu, Conr.: not C. Califor-
=Venus lamellifera, Conr. M. nianum, Conr.
Z. pl. 18. | Siphonaria scutellum, “ We Cha-
Petricola arcuata, California. M., tam.” ? Galapagos.
Z. pl. 19. Purpura Freycineti, Kamtschat-
Petricola cylindracea, California. ka. M. Z. pl. 26. Much more
(Probably P. arcuata, var.) M. like P. lapillus than Midden-
. Z. pl. 20. dorff’s figures.
P. 359. Venerupis gigantea, California. Murex macropterus. +
=Saxidomus Nuttalli, Conr. Helix Dupetithouarsi, Monterey.
Venerupis Petiti, California. My Zi. plr30, as“... rsit.”
= Tapes diversa, Sow. jun. P, 361. Velutina Mullert, Kamtschatka.
Anomia macrochisma, Kamt- - Turbo digitatus, Acapulco.
schatka. M. Z. pl. 34. =Pla- = Uvanilla unguis, Wood. M.
cunanomia m., Gray. Z. pl. 36.
Cypricardia Duperreyi, Califor- Natica Recluziana, California.
nia. M. Z. pl. 27. M. Z. pl. 37.
Modiola cultellus, Kamtschatka. Natica ianthostoma, Kam-
P. 360. Cardium Laperousii, California*. tschatka.
M. Z. pl. 48. Natica sanguinolenta.

To the above must probably be added Purpura emarginata, p. 360, M. Z.
pl. 25, described by Deshayes as from New Zealand, but quoted in Jay’s Cat.
no. 8972, = P. Conradi, Nutt. MS., from California; and from the same
locality in Mus. Cuming, on the authority of Mr. Hartweg. Many of these
shells were figured in the following year in Guérin’s Magasin de Zoologie,
between plates 14 and 48, of which references are given above. In the same
works are described, Lucina cristata, Recl. Rev. Cuv. 1842, p. 270, Guér.
Mag. pl. 60, found “sur le banc de Campéche” by M. J. Cosmao, Commander
of the Naval Station of Mexico, = Tellina Burneti, Brod. & Sow.: and Lucina
corrugata, Desh., Guér. Mag. pl. 82, as from California, which Mr. Cuming
found himself at Singapore.

The official description of the shells of the Venus, however, was intrusted
to M. Valenciennes, under whose auspices was published “ Voyage autour du
Monde sur la Vénus, pendant les années 1836-39, par M. du Petit Thouars.
Paris, 1846.” Of this work plates only have been seen, of which the following
are species connected with the West N. American coast.

Plate. Fig.
4 Hehx vincta, Val. (California, Rve.)
24 4, 4a. Pholas rostrata, Val. Almost certainly the young of one of the

following species.

24 1,1la,b. Penitelia Conradi, Val. (Pholadidea, with long, inflated cup,
without divisions.)

24 2. Peniicila xilophaga, Val. (Pholadidea, with long, narrow cup.)

24 3,34a,b,c. Peniiella tubigera, Val. Probably a variety of the last; the tube
being simply the lining of the old cavity, as in P. calva.

24 7a,b. Home ‘el Val. (Closely approaches Chironia Laperousii,
esh. :
24 8, 8a. Sazxicava clava, Val. (Probably S. legumen, Desh.)
oe 2, 220. Venus perdix, Val. ? = Chione neglecta, Sow., represented with-
out pallial sinus.
16 3B; 3a. Venus pectunculoides, Val. = Tapes histrionica, Sow.
2 2, 2a. Trochus amictus, Val. = Uvanilla unguis, Mawe. = Turbo digi-

tatus, Desh.

* Described from a single shell which appears worn. It has much the aspect of a Tellina,
with concentric ridges and no internal crenations; but is figured without pallial sinus.

204 REPORT—1856.

Plate. Fig.
2 3,3a-c. Trochus brevispinosus, Val. = Uvanilla olivacea, Mawe.
3. 1,la-c. Trochus balenarum, Val. ?2=Pomaulax undosus, Mawe, var. Vide
B. M. Maz. Cat. p. 230, note.
14 1] Calyptrea rugosa (2 cujus). = Crucibulum imbricatum, Sow.
14 <2. Calyptrea tubifera, Less. = Cr. spinosum, Sow.
£51352: Calyptrea gemmacea, Val. Shell as figured, not recognized : it
may be a worn and stunted Cr. imbricatum.
Lb'.3. Calyptrea amygdalus, Val. = Crepidula onyx, Sow.
24 9,9a,b. Calyptrea perforans, Val. = Crepidula explanata, Gould. (The |

- prior name of Val. must be abandoned, as representing an un-
truth. The form of the shell is due to its inhabitmg the burrows |
of Lithophagi, &c.) |

11 1,la,la,bis. Vermetus centiquadrus, Val. (Subg. Aletes.)
ll 3,3a Vermetus Peroni, on Strombus galea. A variety of V.centiquadrus. |
LiKe Vermetus margaritarum, Val. |
> 12,4: Fusus Petit-thouarsti. = F. Dupetit-Thouarsii, Kien.
6 |,la-e. Buccinum Janelii, Val. = Pisania sanguinolenta, Ducl.
6 2,2a-c. Buccinum mutabile, Val. = Pisania insignis, Rve.
6 2e,f. Buccinum mutabile, jun. = Pisania gemmata, Rve.
ae a eB Buccinum mutabile, operculum. (Extremely incorrectly drawn.)
8 4, 4a. Purpura saxicola, Val. Resembles P. lapillus and Freycinettii.
S353. Purpura hematura, Val. ? =P. biserialis, Blainv. var.
9 3,3a-c. Purpura Grayii, Kien. = Monoceros grande, Gray.

It will be observed that the author has, in several instances, not only over-
looked the writings of English naturalists, but even disregarded the descriptions
by Deshayes of the shells of this very expedition.

42. During the period that Mr. Cuming was absent on his Philippine
expedition, explorations of great value were being made by a gentleman,
whose few published writings only show how much science has lost by his
early death. In the year 1836, the ‘Sulphur,’ under Lieut. Com. Kellett,
visited Callao and Payta in Peru, and explored the coast from the Bay of
Guayaquil to Panama. Here Commander (now Capt. Sir E.) Belcher took
the first place, a gentleman whose conchological labours during the voyage
of the ‘ Blossom’ have already been recorded. Mr. Hinds, the surgeon of
the expedition, not only showed the greatest industry in dredging and other-
wise collecting specimens, but made the products of his labours tenfold more
valuable by the accurate notes which he took of their localities and stations,
guided by a comprehensive view of the subjects which it was his endeavour
to illustrate. The west coast of Central America and Mexico was searched
as far as San Blas, and afterwards explorations were made from Acapulco to
Cerro Azul. On the return of Messrs. Hinds and Cuming from their respect- |
ive expeditions, they compared their collections and notes together. Here
were abundant materials for geographical and stational lists of the very
greatest value; but, most unfortunately, the usual plan was followed of only
publishing the new species. This was done by Mr. Hinds in several most
accurate and valuable papers communicated to the Zool. Soc. and to the
Annals of Nat. Hist.; and, in a collective form, in the “ Zoology of the
Voyage of H.M.S. Sulphur, commanded by Capt. Sir E. Belcher, during the ~
years 1836-1842; by Richard Brinsley Hinds, Esq., Surgeon R.N. London, —
Smith, Elder and Co., 1844. Vol. ii. Mollusca.” The preface to this work
contains a masterly digest of the results of his experience on the distribution
of Mollusca, especially on those of the W. American coast as compared with
the Pacific Islands; the influence of station, depth, temperature, and other
causes, both on genera and on particular species; and the comparative effect |

|

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 205

of similar differences on the flora and distribution of land shells in the same
latitudes. The work therefore is extremely disappointing from its very ex-
cellence, as it shows how prepared the author was to fill up the gaps which
are to us the most perplexing ; but which his early death has left to be sup-

plied by other, we fear less trustworthy hands.

Several valuable donations of shells, with the localities added by Mr. Hinds,
are preserved in the British Museum. The new species described are as
follow, so far as relates to the fauna of West N. America. The pages and
numbers, with the plates and figures, refer to the Zool. Sulph.; but the

references are also added to the Proce. Zool. Soe. and the Ann

vo
| 5 = = Name. Station. we
5} 1} 1, 2/Conus Patricius, Hds. A.N.H. xi. 256} sandy mud 7
6)... ... |—— celebs, Hds. ME Pg:
=C. terebellum, jun., teste Rve.
Set 1) 3—5| —— Californicus, Hds.........0.ssoccsseess sand q
8} 2} 1-3|Murex Belcheri, Hds. P.Z.S. 1843, 127 { mud-bank at \
= Pyrula B., Rve. head of harb*,
9| 3} 7, 8|\—— centrifuga, Hds. i, 6 sand 52
10} 3) 9, 10|\—— Californicus, Hds. ,, 9» DAB ee aie. Se ia
11) 3)11, 12\—— hamatus, Hds. - spouse mud 21
= Cerastoma, Conr.
12} 3/13, 14|\— festivus, Has. eS yy ABT sand 7
13) 3/15, 16\— foveolatus, Hds. "i eee sand 7
16} 3/21, 22|—— radicatus, Hds. - > 0 128 mud 11
| 17| 3/23, 24) — peritus, Hds. a sr lee sand 7
) 18) 3| 3,4/Typhis quadratus, Hds. ,, 1, a 48 mud 7-18
| 22) 4| 1, 2/Triton vestitus, Hds. oo 144, BF rocks shore
28] 4/13, 14 anomalus, Hds. 3 > » | Sandy shore | 1. w.
29) 4/15, 16|—— lignarius, Brod. » 1833, 5] sandy mud 7
30| 2) 4,5/Ranella Californica, Hds. A.N.H. Xi.l....ccsscessseeseseee| access
255 :

91) 4)17, 18|\—— pectinata, Has. ........cseccecceeeeeees mud 7
36] 1/16,17\Trophon muricatus, Hds. [The name mud 19
a being preoccupied by Montagu, this
3 species may be called Troph. Hindsii. |

1 37/ 5| 1, 2|Pleurotoma nobilis, Hds. P.Z.S. 1843, 37 mud 7

39) 5 4 gemmata, Hds. Fa shale 2 mud 7
| 42) 5 7|—— inermis, J/ds. a eal mud 7

45) 5| 10\Clavatula militaris, Hds. __,, pee mud 8-30
1 50/5) 15 ericea, Hds. Ne 739 mud 26
poz) 5; 17 sculpta, Hds. o + mud 7
53} 5} 18 rava, Hds. be Sy. £8 mud 18
| 58] 6 4|\—— luctuosa, Has. - ep AD) tans» cx dee sew ctiebiens 5-22
99| 6) 7, 8|—— aspera, Hds. ” ” 9 mud 5
60} 6 5|—— quisqualis, Hds. Af jp mud 8-14
61) 6; 9 plumbea, /Hds. , ye ee ves
62) 6 10|/——- occata, Hds. % Hs) FER ns 8 sien coun eure vicet hed
eG} 13 bella, Has. Ue aah bats { pee Lene
64) 6/11, 12; — pudica, Hds. “ ab ee mud 8-14
' 65] 6 14 neglecta, Hds. 5 », 45) under stones | 1. w.

) 68) 6} 18 candida, Hds. By si AS eadtnated eens ees

| 70| 6} 20|\—— merita, Hds. = » 99] Under stones | 1. w.

| 73| 6/23, 24, —— impressa, Hds- 3 » 44 mud 8-14

Mad| 7 1 pardalis, Hds. a » 42) under stones | 1. w.

| 78) 7 6|—— ceelata, Hds. A eee ad mud 20

) 83) 7] 11|—— micans, Hds. a ee mud 14

meet 7| 18 rigida, Hds. * $9'2\ 4c Sancta can dethn eons}

95) 7} 20|Daphnella casta, Hds. .......ssssecsseeecee mud 23
4104}11

5, 6/Cerithium gemmatum, Hds. .........06000 sandy mud = |2—7-++

iy ne ee ere

. Nat. Hist.

Locality.

G. Nicoya.

B. Magdalena.

. |San Diego.

W. C. Veragua.
California.
B. Guayaquil.

B. Magdalena.

B. Magdalena.

San Blas.

B. Magdalena.

G. Nicoya, B. Guayaq.
RI. Lj.,G. Nic., B. Honda
Is. Quibo, Veragua.
Monte Christi.

San Diego.

San Blas.
Panama.

San Blas.

Gulf Magdalena.

Gulf Magdalena.
Veragua.

Magnetic Is., Veragua.
Panama.

G. Nicoya.

G. Magdal., B. Guayaq.
B. Guayaquil.

G. Papagayo.

B. Magdalena.
Magnetic Is., Veragua,
W. C. Veragua.

G. Papagayo.

G. Papagayo,

G. Nicoya.

Magnetic Is., Veragua.
G. Nicoya.

G. Papagayo.

G. Nicoya.

G. Fonseca.

G. Papagayo.

Panama.

G. Nicoya.

Panama.

St

206 REPORT—1856.

o| . | gaina, 5
2 5 = e Name. Station, ce Locality, |
31)127|16 13, 14]? BaGetgunr Wiema, FIG E sac eds cris «ag orhxs ese mud few |W. C. Veragua.
32/128)...| ... |Terebra robusta, Hds. P.Z.S. 1843, p.149] sandy mud _ | 4-18 /8°57’—21°32’. Pan
S. Blas, G. Papag.,G
32/132) tarts) varicosa, Hds. 4 4 452 mud 23 |G. Papagayo.
33|133)...| ... |—— lingualis, Hds. oa » 153) sandy mud _ |10-17/G. Papagayo, B.Me
34|139)|...| ... | —— armillata, Hds. " jo ) LOA lacs cunslas aces eee 5-13 |Abundant in vario

calities between
and B. Magd.,, als
bedded in fossilifere
cliffs which surrou’
part of the Bay of
—— tuberculosa, Hds. ,, ee i eee .....(|4—1i |Pan., San Blas, G, Pam
specillata, Hds. $y sandy mud 7 |San Blas.
The Pacific analogue of 7. dec tilis:
from Str. Macassar, No. 142,

35/144]... luctuosa, Hds. P.Z.S.1843,p.157/ coral sand 12 |G. Nicoya, P. Po
36|150| 9 12, 13|Nassa Perping nis, Adlag lg. nm: ~s jos ccpnannaleyannss<cacieale ght B. Magdalena,

34|140)...
34/141)...

36/153) 9/18, 19 Teal, EAM. fetkaeaeakid.-ds sons aboee mud 8-14 |G. Papagayo.
37|155|10 r 2/Phos crassus, Hds, A.N.H. xi. p. 257| mud, solitary | 3-14|Pan., G. Fonseca,
37|158| 10/13, 14 Veraguensis, Hds. _,, . ,», |mud, gregarious| 26 |Pueblo Nueva, W

Pacific analogue of Ph. senticosus. Veragua.
38/159)10| 7,8 atticibatys, Fidgigies 5 ec igo aqeedewn-«[bcsscqpeetde le aeevee Panama.

38/161/10) 5,6 mein PIES 55.02 adeon,. a gais' sin « adaics| eee see Gaal 13 |G. Tehuantepec.

38/162/10)17, 18)}Columbeila fusiformis, Hds. ............40+ sand 24 |Veragua.

39/163/10)19, 20 Pavonina, FS. ands. <2. {geiide <angse] os vac, «sence (Most prob. Ameri

B0|N64|101 1a pte Garingin, Hide, (0) BRST ie 1 heen a { ane | Bodegas, San Die

39/165|10/21, 22|—— lentiginosa, Hds. .........esssseees ia oe beach| G. Nicoya. ,
3 .

39/166)11/11, 12/Trichotropis cancellata, Hds. P.Z.S.1843, ;

p. 17. sand 5-7 |Sitka Harbour.
40|167/11|13, 14, —— inermis, Hds. P.Z.S, 1843, p.18 sand 5-7 |Sitka Harbour.
40|168]}11| 1, 2)Mitra Belcheri, Hds. A.N,H. xi. 255 mud 17 |G. Papagayo, G. Ni
41|170|12|11, 12\Cancellaria ventricosa, Hds. P.Z.S, 1843, 7 |G. Magdalena 1

sandy mud » :

BizOdl |. sUuens).~<-+0nghetaessoaeue gualeeas< abl 60-70)RI1. Lj., San Bl,
41|171/12| 7,8|—— urceolata, Hds. P.Z.S. 1843, p.47|.ssscecysecerenee- { — G. Papagayo | 129
42 72 12 9, 10 = albida, Has. ”? ” 9D [PPP eeeeereeravennrtee 7-23 1 1.

2° 47’ $.-9° 55’ N.
42|173}...| se. |——=- cremata, Hds. ow. te bee mud 4-10 |Pan.

(=f. 9. Conch. IIl., as C. indentata.) :
42|174|12} 1, 2;-——— corrugata, Has. P.Z.S. 1843, p. 48 mud 7 |B. Guayaquil.
42|175|12) 3, 4|—— elata, Hds. oF ss fy eeagge atc 30 |Pan., 1 sp.
43|176|12) 5,6 funiculata, Hds. - a sandy mud 7 (ad. Ma d.,1s

g P-

45|185}13/10, 1 Marginella sapotilla, Hds. _,, 1844, p.74| sandy mud | 5-13 |Pan.
Pacific analogue of M. prunum,
46|190/13|22, 23)Erato vitellina, Ads. ......ceseeecseneeceeees sand 7 th Magdalena.

48|196]...| ... |Scalaria Diane, ds. P.Z.S. 1843, p. 125 mud 36 |G. Nicoya.
49/202)... vulpina, Hds. x m 126 mud 30 |Is. Quibo, Verag
The temperature below being 58°, and
at the surface 82°.
50/205/14| 5, 6|Solarium placentale, Hds. P.Z.S. 1844, 22 sand 7 |B. Magdalena,
50|206/14| 7,8|——— quadriceps, Hds. ns 23 mud 5 |Pan.
53/216)...| ... |Patella incessa, Hds. A.N.H. x. D 82} onsea-weed |...... San Diego.
531217|...| ... |Patelloida depicta, Hds. ,, 5, pnb Py ya San Diego.
. ; on dead & living
58)218}16] 7, 8|Crepidula solida, H....-eevsesen ; 0 eae ae
=C. adunca, Sow pene
54/219/19 1|Chiton Magdalensis, Hds, ............se00+ onrocks,common| ..,..+ B. Magdalena,
56|231)15 5|Melania occata, Hds. A.N.H. xiv. p. 9)......ceeeeeeee er River Sacramente
59/241/16 22|Paludina seminalis, Hds. _,, X... Beliese: seen etbhlebuas

BO svefee] vee [Anodon angulatus ...ecceeesceeeeseerereerens abundant

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 207

ee Depth

oS e = Name. Station. in tins, Locality.

1 a ER MEPNNINA TUCCD, LAG. casmtiens «dns xn 6s sisivie[nvecseincovsnvepassespl! saves _ |“Neighbouringlocality.”
245/17 PiPeeten sericeus, L0ds. 2. 25.....400s 1 sp. mud 53 |B. Panama.

))246}17 Biawm foridus, [2d8.,...cvisorswescrvewecesves mud 5 |San Diego.

\!248|17 5 SIE, 1205.) -ccispatecees 4 fais © Wlelesteosapetser -Acbdvas 33 |Alashka, N. W. A.

| 249/17 2|\—— digitatus, Hds. .... iteasncsoabdecebaae mud 23 |B. Guayaquil.

11250|17 4 Easciculatus, HS. oon ccvccicnsaesvasees sandy mud 17 |W. Veragua.

31256|18 5|Nucula castrensis, Hds. P.Z,S.1843, p.98} 1 sp., sand 7 |Sitka.
Resembles the fossil V. Cobdboldie, and

N. divaricata, China Sea, 84 fms. [ Barb. 38° 18/34 °24’,
| 263)18} 13|—— celata, Hds. PZ.8..1943, pe 9910. cevebt-cb,.' grits 6-10 |Bodegas, San Franc., Sta
|266/18 17|\—_ excavata, Hds. >. 5 —~ 100 mud 30 |Pan.

267/18 12 lyrata, Hds. ij én Spl lecekanaaes theme 30 |Pan.
//269)18 14 crispa, Hds. 2 - Peer er 36 |G. Nicoya.
MEG) © GiVenus Kellettii, Has. ...........-.y00e00e. ere 30-34|Is. Quibo, W. C.Veragua.
272/21 1/Cytherea (Trigonella) crassatelloides, |mud-bank in the} ...... San Diego.
| Conr. harbour.
|275)19 Pimseina fenestrata, FAS. iisni..<s.peunesgnesrledacscdeeaserareverrs 7-14 |Monte Christi, San Blas.
270129) 6, 7\Psammobia decora, Hds. A.N,H. x. 8]|.........0cecececeeee| ecoeee San Diego.
= Sanguinolaria Nuttallii, Conr.
\277|21 MRC G, FAT... \eisicas.-.<posonoesnsa|ssvoureass davdives seo] Wales B. Magdalena.
/278)/21 2|—— Bodegensis, Hds. .........eeecsesesees sand 7 |Bodegas.
[283 20| 11\Corbula fragilis, Hds. P.Z.S. 1843, p. 56 mud 18 |W. Veragua.
285 20; 12)—— obesa, Has. ‘4 Pa 57 mud 22-33/Pan., Verag., San Blas.
286|20| 7,8/—— speciosa, Has, mud 6 |Pan., G. Nicoya.
| (=C. radiata, Sow. P. ZS. 1833, p. 36,
| non Desh.)
289/20 13|——— marmorata, Hds. ,, 1843, p.58 mud 26 |W. Veragua.
95/20; 19)Nezra didyma, Hds. 7 Ps 78 mud 26 |W. Veragua.
. Se EON, secarducaosiccocevsous cm wintésas ee mud ° 26 |W. Veragua.
298)19 4 PTI AUDA, F710 os aevoveycassessegas ses ons sandy mud 7 |B. Magdalena.

| Besides these, the following are recorded in the Proc. Zool. Soc. as having
| been collected by Mr. Hinds :—

1843.; Name. Station. Locality.
SMM MCUTOPOMID ALCUALA, FIVE. -..).ccupieeerocscscesncsceslecouccouones Veragua.
32 AI ak iak i, OSG Sob Wis Say chWednic ee oxenness[nanpasiens bie Pan., San Blas, G. Nicoya
77|Nexra costata (Anatina c., Sow., P.Z.S. 1834,],........... St. Elen. 6 fm. sandy mud
Veragua, 26 fm., mud.
Ber em metre MPC UINA, FIGS. , 0.2.05... 000 eesonorarnagios|ass -enccenss W.C. intertropical Amer,
160)Terebra strigata, Sow. Tank. Cat........c..cseeeees common |Pan., Hds.

=T. elongata, Wood, Ind. Suppl.
=T. flammea, Less. fll. Zool.

|

| p- 87), Hds. Magnetic Is., 22 fm.
|

| =T. zebra, Kien.

|

|

|

160; ornata, Gray....... ges sivas {iasRKe..- Hds.7 {m.| mud |Pan,
1844, [ Cum. 5-7 fm./coralsand|Galapagos. |
Pee MITA APIBGSI, FVC., 0000. serccgerssopen Hds. i7 fm.| mud |Gulf Nicoya.

In Mr. Cuming’s collection appears Corbula obesa, Hinds, San Blas.

208 REPORT—1856.

The following shells occur in Reeve’s Conchologia Iconica, as having beet
collected by Mr. Hinds. :

Plate.| Sp. Name. Station. Lava Locality.
1 © dNatica ReChiziana -..0....0..0seesetes sease) -saccacanaes eee California.
24 | 61 |Fig.a,d. Patella diaphana, Rve.=Ac-| ......cecee0 | coveee Central America.
mea mesoleuca, Mke.
5 | 24 |Gardita Cuvier, Brod. (s......00vesdesuee] tonsedandeade a eeees Acapulco.
8 | 44 |Pectunculus pectenoides, Desh., Cuv.| soft mud 7 |Panama.
i A. pl.'87. £. 8.
2° 4°}Aresn grandis, Brod. & Sow. slctsticactl’ Leccovserces | asOOue Real Llej., B. Guayqu.
(Cuming & Hinds).
21 |165 |Mitra Hindsil, Rove. ....ccsesssccosseesees mud 17 |G. Nicoya.
4 Oo" Rissurella voloano, .Rve.cic.ccecccagacaccou] keosenkeatee™ pace Sta. Barbara.
7 1. ,a8.JChiton lineatus, W008 | cvilidee...cccces dévusceasess: oeal Sitka.
AQ LA | ——— PSHE MIR, BOE, oe Whee sseheccssone] enacasaentne Peuraee Sitka.
3. |-25 +Plearotoma areuadta> dive. i201... a cvscs] lee eect. a eeneee Veragua,
DS } 26 |\—— pleta, Beck... .sivitvewesscecacsoees Re cssvecaue’ (Petter Pan.,San Blas, G.Nie.
4 | 27 |——olivacea, Sow.(comp. P.funiculata) mud ? ‘bee Pan., W. Mex., G. Nic.
(Also Salango, and
St. Elena, Cum.)
7 | 55 |\—— militaris, Hinds ....... aay she seas cows} RUG 18 |Veragua.
9 ).71 Stromboides, Sow. ....sscecveee ane mud 7 |B. Panama.
6 | 35 [Conus Archon, Brod. .1.....0c.ccceseeoees sandy mud |12-18/G. ‘Nicoya.
20 | 48 |Oliva biplicata, Sow. ........cccsssceeeess sands | 1. w. | Monterey.

Specimens of the following shells appear in the Brit. Mus. as having been
presented by Mr. Hinds; and were doubtless collected by him during the
Voyage of the Sulphur.

Tellina rufescens. Guayaquil. Litorina conspersa. Real Llejos.
Donaz carinatus. Tumaco. ?fasciata. San Pedro.

Venus neglecta (? crenifera). Acapuleo. Helix levis. California.

Mactra exoleta. Guayaquil. areolata, Sow., Pfr. Z. f. M. 1845,

Kellia suborbicularis. Panama. p- 154. California, near Columbia R.

Pectunculus maculatus, Brod. =giganteus, Neverita helicoides (=patula). Acapulco.
Rve. W. Columbia. Natica (like canrena). Acapulco.

Pinna lanceolata. Guayaquil. Ranella nana. San Blas.

Perna flecuosa. Conchagua. Fusus pallidus. Callao.

Chama spinosa, Acapulco. Dupetithouarsii (with oper¢.).

Anomia lampe. Guayaquil. Acapulco.

Chiton lineatus. Sitcha Sound. Murex incisus, Brod. Acapulco.

Simpsonii, Gray. San Francisco. oxyacantha, Brod. Acapulco.

Bulla nebulosa. San Pedro. —— humilis, Brod. Bay Guayaquil.
Siphonaria lecanium. St. Elena, Guayaq. hamatus, Brod. Bay Guayaquil.
Cerithidea varicosa. Real Llejos, San Blas.

43. During the years 1838-1842, the United States Exploring Expedition
was engaged in its circumnavigation of the globe. In 1839 it touched at
Callao, where 30 species of shells were collected; but it did not visit any —
other part of the Panama province. In 1841, however, the Vincennes and
Porpoise were early on the coast of Oregon. The Peacock and Flying Fish —
arrived there in July ; but the Peacock was lost on the bar of the Columbia
River. ‘The Expedition proceeded as far as San Francisco, and left in No-
vember of the same year. The conchologist to the Expedition was Mr. J. P.
Couthouy, who, assisted by his companions, collected about 2000 species of
shells (of which about 250 were considered new), and made drawings.of the |

* 29, 149 (text) 148 (fig.).

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 209

animals of about 500. The description of the collections was entrusted to
Dr. A. A. Gould of Boston, the well-known author of the ‘Report of the

Invertebrata of Massachusetts.’

In 1846 the descriptions of part of the

species were issued in a pamphlet form, to which additions have been made
from time to time, as they have appeared in the ‘ Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.’
In this work are the following descriptions of species from the Californian

and

Page
3
6.
3°

7.
9.

3”

3)

Oregon districts.

Chiton lignosus, Gld., Puget Sound.
(= C. lignarius, G. MS.)

Chiton dentiens, G., Puget Sound.

Chiton muscosus, G., Puget Sound.

Patella fimbriata, G., Straits of De
Fuca.

Patella instabilis, G., Puget Sound.

Patella conica, G., Puget Sound.
= Scurria mitra, Esch.

Lottia pintadina, G., Straits of De
Fuca, Puget Sound, and Columbia
River (San Francisco).

Max. pars = A. patina, var.:
pars = A. mesoleuca, var.:
teste sp. t

. Patella (? Lottia) textilis, G., Straits

of De Fuca and Killimook.
Patella (? Lottia) scabra, G., San
Francisco. ‘“ Perhaps a variety of
P. textilis.” =P. spectrum, Nutt.,
Rve., not P. scabra, Nutt., Rve.

. Fissurella cratitia, G., Puget Sound.

? = F. aspera, Esch.

» Rimula cucullata, G., Puget Sound.

(? Puncturella.)
Rimula galeata, G. (Classet), Puget
Sound. (? Puncturella.)
Crepidula rostriformis, G., Straits of
De Fuca. = C. adunca, Sow.

. Crepidula lingulata,G., Puget Sound.

Like C. Capensis, Quoy,”’’ 1 sp.
Crepidula nummaria, G., Classet.
[Probably a var. of C. lingulata.]
Calyptrea fastigiata, G., Puget

Sound. [Galerus. |

. Helix labiosa, G., Astoria, Oregon.
. Helix loricata, G., California (Sa-

cramento River).
Helix devia, G., ? Oregon.

. Helix strigosa,G., interior of Oregon.

Helix sportella, G., Puget Sound.

. Succinea rusticana, G., Oregon.
. Limnea lepida, G., Lake Vancouver,

Oregon.

. Planorbis opercularis, G., Rio Sa-

cramento, U. Cal.
Planorbis vermicularis, G., interior
of Oregon.

. Physa virginea, G., Rio Sacramento.
- Melania silicula, G., Nisqually, Ore-

gon, (= M, siliqua, G. MS.)

856.

Page

46. Melania bulbosa, G., Columbia River.

49. Natica Lewisii, G., Puget Sound
and Columbia River.

50. Natica caurina, G., Straits of De
Fuca. ‘Nearly the same as N.
impervia, Phil., from Cape Horn.”

52. Lacuna carinata, G., Puget Sound.

» Lutiorina patula, G., San Francisco.
= IL. planazis, Phil.

5, Littorina lepida, G., Puget Sound.
53. Littorina scutulata,G., PugetSound.
,, Littorina plena, G., San Francisco.
55. Trochus ligatus, G., Puget Sound.

= T. filosus, Wood.

60. Cerithium (Potamis) sacratum, G.,
Sacramento River. = Pirena Cali-
fornica, Nutt. MS.

61. Cerithium irroratum, Gould. Hab. ?
[It is difficult to say how this got
among the Expedition shells, as it
belongs to the Mazatlan, not the
Californian fauna. It may have
been procured at Callao, or by the
accidents of ballast.| = C. stercus-
muscarum, Val.

62. Cerithium filosum, G., Puget Sound.

64. Fusus jfidicula, G., Puget Sound.
Closely resembles F. turricula.

65. Fusus orpheus, G., Puget Sound.
Resembles F. Bamfjus.

67. Buccinum fossatum,G., Puget Sound
and mouth of Columbia River.
(San Diego.) (= Nassa fossata,
G., postea.) Of the same group as
N. trivittata, Say.

70. Nassa mendica, G., Puget Sound,
Nisqually, &c. Pacific analogue
of N. trivittata, Say.

74. Solen sicarius, G., Straits of De
Fuca, Oregon.

75. Panopea generosa, G., Puget Sound,
Oregon. Like P. Aldrovandi.

» Mya precisa, G., Puget Sound.
Like M. truncata.

76. Mactra falcata, G., Puget Sound.

» Lutraria capax, G., Puget Sound.
(Afterwards changed to L.mazxima,
Midd.)

77. Osteodesma bracteata, G., Puget Sd.
“Closely resembles O. hyalina.”

83. Cardita ventricosa, G., Puget Sound.

Pp .

C19 .ac REPORT—1856. . 40

Page Page 5 ’

83. Cardium blandum, G., Puget Sound. 93. Mytilus (Modiola) flabellatus, G.,

85. Venus rigida, G., Puget Sound, Puget Sound, Oregon (Townsend
Straits of De Fuca. Harbour, San Francisco, and spe-

86. Cyclas patella, G., Oregon. Re- cies from G. Calif.). Apparently
sembles C. cornea. = Modiola Brasiliensis. —

87. Anodon feminalis, G., Oregon. 94. Mytilus trossulus, G., Killimook,

», Anodon cognata, G., Nisqually and Puget Sound, Oregon. Appears
Fort Vancouver. a var. of M. edulis.

» Alasmodon falcata, G., Wallawalla, | 95. Pecten caurinus, G., Port Townsend,

: Oregon ; Sacramento River. = A. Admiralty Inlet, Oregon.
margaritifera, var. teste Lea and | ,, Pecten hericeus, G., Straits of De
others. Fuca, Oregon.

88, Unio famelicus, G., Wallawalla, '
Oregon.

The localities included in the ( ) are added from the standard work, for
which that above quoted was but a preparation, entitled “ United States
Exploring Expedition during the years 1835-42, under the command of
Charles Wilks, U.S.N. Philadelphia 1852— .” ‘The plates have not yet found
their way to this country. Besides the species already enumerated, are
found the following :—

2. Arion foliolatus, G., Puget Sound. side of the equator from S. au-

3. Limazx Columbianus, G., Puget Sd. stralis. Dr. Gould thinks it will
and Oregon. prove distinct, but cannot yet see

36. Helix Vancouverensis, Lea, Oregon. any differences.

66. Helix Nuttalliana, Lea, Puget Sd. | 214. Natica algida, G., Oregon. ,

and Oregon. 219. Trichotropis cancellata, Hinds, Ore-

»» Helix Townsendiana, Lea, Oregon. gon.

70. Helix germana, G., Oregon, 241. Triton Oregonense, Jay, Oregon.=
113. Planorbis corpulentus, G., Oregon. Fusus Oregonensis + cancellatus,
122. Lymnea apicina, G., Oregon. Rve. ;

» Lymnea umbrosa, Say (Astoria), | 244. Purpura ostrina, G., Oregon.

Oregon, and Sacramento River. | 247. Columbella gausapata,G.*, Oregon.
143. Melania plicifera, G., Oregon. 322. Chiton interstinctus, G., Oregon. ”

353. Lottia viridula. “Myr. Nuttall | 325. Chiton vespertinus, G., Oregon.
brought home several specimens, | 399. Saxidomus Nuttall, Conv., Brdrow.
which he described under the | 467. Terebratula pulvinata, G., Oregon,
name of monticula”’ [monticola]. | 468. Terebratula caurina, G,, Oregon.

436. Anodonta angulata, G., Sacramento And the followmg Nudibranchs :—
River. Chiorera leonina, G.; 310. 2? Den-
206. Scalaria ? australis, Puget Sound. dronotus ; 311. ? Goniodoris; 29.
This species is from the opposite 2? Doris; ? Aolis,

In the Preface to this work, Dr. Gould states his views as to the geogra-
phical distribution of species, and gives the following interesting lists of —
parallel species from different seas :—

OREGON DIsTRICT. ATLANTIC CoASsT.

Mya precisa. WM. truncata,
Osteodesma bracteatum. O. hyalinum.
Cardita ventricosa. C. borealis.
Cardium blandum. C. Icelandicum.
Venus calcarea. V. mercenaria,

—— SSS en

* Dr. Gould remarks (p. 270), that “there is a minute operculum to Mitra, while there is
none to Columbella.’”’ Of the shells catled Columbelle, the typical species, C, strombiformis,
major, and fuscata, have a broad oval operculum, with the apex at the anterior end o the
outside margin; Nitidella cribraria has a distinctly Purpuroid operculum; and Anachis
costellata, &c. have a Pisanoid ungulate operculum. Vide B.M. Maz. Cat. én loco.

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.

Orecgon District,
Alasmodonta falcata,
Helix Vancouverensis,
Helix loricata.

Helix germana.
Planorbis vermicularis.
Planorbis opercularis.
Lacuna carinata.
Natica Lewisiv.
Trichotropis cancetlata.
Fusus fidicula.

Lottia pintadina.

211

ATLANTIC COAST.
A. arcuata.
H. concava.
H., inflecta.
H. fraterna.
Pl. deflectus.
Pl. exacutus.
LL. vineta.
N. heros.
Tr. borealis.
F. turricula.
L. testudinalis, &c.

To which we may add (from California),—

Solecurtus lucidus.

S. radiatus.

The following are quoted as parallel types between the Gulf of California

and the Caribbean Sea :—

GuLF OF CALIFORNIA.

Lutraria undulata.

Mactra nasuta.

Lutraria ventricosa [| Mactra exoleta}.
Cytherea biradiata.

Natica Chemnitzii, Pfr.

CARIBBAAN SEA.

LL. canaliculata.
M. Brasiliana.
L. carinata.
C. Chione.

Mediterranean.
N. maroccana.

The following species have also been examined and determined by Dr.

Gould, from the same collection :—

Heliz tudiculata, Binney, Oregon.

Acmea cribraria, G., Columbia River,
San Francisco, De Fuca.

Modiola elongata, G., Puget Sound.

Solen maximus, Mouth of Columbia R.

Tellina nasuta, Conr., Mouth of Colum-
bia River.

Tellina secta, Conr., De Fuca.

Tellina Californica, Conr., De Fuca.

Tellina Bodegensis, Hinds, Classet.

Anodonta Nuttalliana, Lea, Wallawalla,
San Francisco.

Buccinum corrugatum, Rve., Puget Sound.

Purpura septentrionalis, Rve., Puget Sd.

Melania plicata, Lea, Oregon.

Melania Wahlamatensis, Lea,
mento River.

(Cryptomya) Sphenia Californica, Conr.,
Sacramento River.

Melania occata, Hds., Sacramento River.

Triton tigrinum, Brod., Puget Sound.

Modiola discrepans, Mont., Puget 8, [!!]

Modiola ? vulgaris, Puget Sound.

Pecten Fabricii, Phil., Puget Sound.

Fusus cancellinus, Phil., De Fuca.

Pholas (coneamerata, Desh. =) penita,
Conr., San Francisco.

Paludina seminalis, Hds., Sacramento,

Sacra-

In the MS. list of the shells collected in the Oregon and Californian
district during the U.S. Exploring Expedition, sent by Dr. Gould, and in-
. cluding the above, there appear 70 species from Oregon, a district before so
little known, that only 23 of them have been identified with previous names,
the rest having been described by Dr. Gould.

Through the great kindness of Dr. Gould, who showed his desire to make
the materials for this Report as complete as possible, by copying out all the
valuable information which was in his possession, we are enabled to present
the materials from which the foregoing lists were drawn up, in the shape in
which they first made their appearance. They are the only documents
approaching the authority of “dredging papers,” which have been made
public, in the whole history of the coast, from Behring’s Straits to Panama.
They are the memoranda made by Dr. Charles Pickering of the U.S. Expl.
Exp.; the specific names having been for the most part added by Dr. Gould
on identification.

P2

212

Box I. Orecon Tour.

Anodon cognata, G., Lake near Nis-
qually.

Alasmodon falcata, G., Columbia, Spo-
kan, common.

Anodon feminalis, G., Wallawalla.

Helix strigosa, G., Interior of Oregon.

Lymnea (long spire).

Succinea (spreading mantle).

Box IV. Pucetr Sounp.

Venus (perhaps a fourth species), Classet.

Tellina (middle size, smooth, not po-
lished, smaller, and a little deflected),
common, sandy places.

Tellina secta, Conr. (or allied: larger,
truncate at one end; ligament narrow,
but elongate), common, sandy places.

Mytilus (size of edulis, with a few large
cost); [probably M. Californianus,
Conr. ;| among rocks, low-water mark,
Classet.

Fissurella cratitia, G., Classet.

Cardium blandum, G., dredged at Dunge-
ness.

Acmea ? mitra, Esch., Classet.

Acmea instabilis, G., Classet.

Acmea (costate and tuberculate), com-
mon.

Acmea (larger, apex
Classet.

Acmea (finely striate), rocks, Classet.

Pecten hericeus, G., Classet.

Pecten (young, costze smooth), Classet.

Scalaria 2 borealis, Classet.

Scalaria (large, much elongated, solid),
Classet.

Tellina (elongate,
Classet.

Oliva, Classet, dead.

Haliotis (fragment of large species),
Classet.

Modiola (one valve, young).

Triton tigrinum.

Crepidula (Capuloid); [probably C.
adunca. |

Crepidula nummaria, G., Classet.

2? Anomia, Classet, dead.

Mytilus (common, like edulis).

? Saxicava (very short and ventricose),
Classet.

Natica algida, G., Classet.

Nassa mendica, G., Classet.

Purpura lagena, G., Classet.

Cerithium filosum, G., Classet.

Calyptrea ? pileiformis.

Mya (very small), Dungeness.

Cardium, Dungeness (dredged).

more medial),

concentric striz),

REPORT—1856.

Box V. Pucet Sounp.

Cardium (largest, used for food).
Pecten hericeus, G., Dungeness.
Purpura septentrionalis, Dungeness.

Box VI. Pucet Sounp.

Solen sicarius, G., Dungeness (dredged).
Solen maximus, Classet.

Helix Vancouverensis, Lea.

Helix labiosa, G.

Box VIII. San FRANCISCO.
Cardium ? Californianum (same as Ore-

on).

Mytilus (very large, a few shallow ribs,
like Classet).

Mytilus trossulus, G. (see M. edulis, De
Fuca).

Tellina secta, Cony.

Mactra (a thin Mya-shaped species: per-
haps Lutraria).

Mya (Sphenia, = in.; see Straits of De
Fuca).

Tellina (small, like balthica).

Fissurella ? cratitia (like Classet).

Acmea (nearly smooth).

Helix Nickliniana, Lea.

Purpura emarginata, Duel.

Trochus mestus.

Littorina planazis, Nutt. (= L. patula).

Acmea (angulated), Yerba Buena.

Box IX. San FRANCISCO.

Pholas (small, enlarged, rounded end).

Pholas (smaller, obliquely truncate).

Ostrea (small), Carquinez.

Amnicola, Sacramento.

Helix Californiensis, Lea.

Planorbis (form of campanulatus), Sa-
cramento.

Box X. SAn FRANCISCO.

Anodon (winged), Sacramento.

Alasmodon falcata, G., Upper Sacra-
mento.

Purpura emarginata, Duel.

Anodon cognata, G., near the Presidio.

Jar 184. SACRAMENTO TRIP..

Tellina (small, roundish), Carquinez.

Mytilus glomeratus, G.

Helix Nickliniana, Lea.

Cerithium (Potamis) Californianum.

Anodon angulatum, Lea.

Planorbis (like campanulatus), up Sacra-
mento.

Planorbis (like trivolvis), up Sacramento.

Acmea (smoothish), mouth of harbour.

Acmea (smaller, more pointed). “HO

ON MOLLUSOA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.

Jar 185. San FRANCISCO.

Physa virginea, G.
Purpura emarginata.
Littorina patula, G.
Acmea scabra, G. (ridged and nodulate)

[= A. spectrum, Nutt. ]
Trochus (like Puget Sound).
Physa (with truncate spire).
Physa (elongate), from behind Presidio,
Nassa (small, like Puget Sound).
Planorbis (flat and rather fine).
Succinea (small).
Littorina plena, G.

OREGON, BY DRAYTON.

Tellina secta, Conr., below mouth of
Columbia.

Anodon feminalis, G., Wallawalla.

Anodon Oregonensis, Lea, Wallawalla.

Alasmodon falcata, G., Wallawalla.

Melania plicifera, Lea, mill-dam above
Vancouver.

Tellina, F. George, stomach of sturgeon.

Limnea (small), Lake at Vancouver.

Solen sicarius, G.

Melania, Chester River.

Unio famelicus, G., Wallawalla.

Helix labiosa.

Pecten, dredged at Baker’s Bay.

Limax Columbianus, G., Nisqually.

Natica Lewisii, G., Puget Sound.

Modiola flabellata, G., Port Discovery.

Pecten Townsendi, Nisqually.

Panopea generosa, Nisqually.

OrEGoN Tour.

Helix strigosa, G.

Planorbis vermiculatus, G., Wallawalla.
Helix Townsendiana, Lea.

Hehex devia, G.

Jar 166. De Fuca To NISQUALLY.

Lymnaea (elongated).
Physa (decollate).

PuGeT Sounp.

Fusus fidicula, G.

Pecten (young).

Calyptrea (bis).

Fusus (or Columbella, small, smooth).
Venus (very small and smooth).
Chiton (very small).

Modhola (like discors).

Trochus virgineus, Wood.
Cardita ventricosa, G.

Fusus Orpheus, G.

Cardium Californianum, Conr.
Trichotropis cancellata, Has.
Goniodoris.

Bulleoid [species].

213

Crepidula (small, white, on young Pur-
pura).

Doris (like).

Terebratula pulvilia, G.

- Terebratula (septentrionalis-like),

Natica caurina, G.
Oliva (small).

BROUGHT UP ON ANCHOR.

Chiton (very small and narrow).

Rimula cucullata, G.

Lacuna carinata, G.

Acmea mitra.

Litiorina scutellata, G.

Acmea textilina, G.

Solen maximus, (mouth of Columbia).

Helix Vancouverensis, Lea.

Limnea (much like Paludina), Columbia
River.

Physa (bis).

JAR, GOING UP TO PUGET SOUND.

Limax Columbianus, G.
Limazx foliolatus, G.

DREDGED AT Port TOWNSEND.

Chiorera leonina, G.
Trochus (bis).
Acmea (smooth, with Balanus).

Jar 1881. OREGON.

Planorbis corpulentus, Say, Fort George.
Linnea (ventricosa), near Fort George,
Helix Vancouverensis, Lea.

Helix Townsendiana, Lea.

Unio famelicus, Wallawalla.

Cyclas egregia, Vancouver.

Bulla (small, very thin), Puget Sound.
Littorina lepida, Classet.

Buccinum.

DiscovERY HARBOUR.

Helix, 5 or 6 species.

Cardium blandum, G.

Lutraria capax, G.

Venus ampliata, G.

Mytilus trossulus.

Chiton (shell not appearing externall7).

TowNsEND HaARBouR.

Solen sicarius, G.
Mytilus trossulus, G.
Modhiola flabellata, G.
Cardium Nuttalli, Conr.
Natica Lewisii, G.
Bulleoid [species].
Trochus.

Columbella.

Purpura.

Calyptrea,

214 REPORT—1856. ;

44. All existing information with regard to the Mollusca of the Boreal
districts of North America and the corresponding portion of North-Eastern
Asia, will be found embodied in the two following works :—“ Beitraige zu
einer Malacozoologia Rossica, von Dr. A. Th. von Middendorff. St. Peters-
burg, 1847:” and “Reise in den Aussersten Norden und Osten Sibiriens,
wahrend der Jahre 1843 und 1844, von Dr. A. Th. v. Middendorff. Band II.
Zoologie. Theil I. Wirbellose Thiere. St. Petersburg, 1851. Mollusken,
pp- 163-464.” The author not only describes the results of his own travels,
but arranges the discoveries of Eschscholtz (to whose specimens he had
access ), Mertens, Wosnessenski, and others. The descriptions are very
minute and complex, the remarks extremely diffuse, and the references
tabulated with consummate learning. Unfortunately, in his comparisons
with the British Fauna, he had no better manual than Thorpe’s Marine
Conchology ; the invaluable work of Messrs. Forbes and Hanley not havin
been then completed. The first part of the ‘ Malacozoologia Rossica,’ entitled
“ Beschreibung und Anatomie ganz neuer, oder fur Russland neuer CuI-
TONEN,” containing 151 quarto pages, with 14 plates, consists of an account of
21 species, of which 17 inhabit the Pacific shores. To an account of the prin«
cipal form, Chiton Stelleri, 59 pages are devoted. All who study or deseribe
species in this very interesting and difficult group, will do well to consult as
much as their time allows of this comprehensive treatise. It is to be regretted
that in the principles which have directed his classification, he has confined
his attention to so limited a number of types; and, however burdensome to
the memory may be the very numerous genera of modern writers, the sub-
genera, sections, subsections and divisions found necessary to accommodate
only twenty-one out of the many hundreds of known species, by no means
lessen the inconvenience. Thus to descend from genus Chiton to species
Pallasii, the Middendorffian student has to master the following phraseology :
“ Chiton-Phznochiton-Dichachiton-Symmetrogephyrus (B. Apori) Pallasii.”
The following are the Pacific species; the synonyms being those of Midden-
dorff, unless enclosed in [ ].

Part I.
Name. Locality.

Chiton Stelleri, Midd. Bull. Ac. Sc. St.|Abundant near Petropaulowski
Petersburg, vii. 8. p. 116. and the promontory of Lo-
= C. amiculatus, Sow. Conch. Ill. f. 80.| patka. The Kamtschatkians|
= C. Sitkensis, Rve. Conch. Ic. pl. 10.) call it Keru, and eat it—
sp. 55. Steller.
?=C. chlamys, Rve. Conch. Ic. pl. 11.
sp. 60.
—— amiculatus, Pallas, Nov. Act. Acad.\Kurule Is.
Petrop. ii. 235-7. pl. 7. f. 26-30.
Cee —— Pallasii, Midd. Bull. Ac. St. Pet. vi.|Tugurbusen, Ochotsk Sea.
1l?.
submarmoreus, Midd Ditto, and Schantar Is.
tunicatus, Wood Sitcha, Kadjak, Atcha.
—— Wosnessenskii, Midd. Bull. Ac. St.\N. California, Sitcha, Atcha.
Pet. vi. 119.
Comp. Ch. setiger, King [Southern ana-
logue]. Comp. Ch. setosus, Sow.
——- lineatus, Wood N. Calif., Sitecha, Unalaschka.
?= Ch. insignis, Rve. Conch. Ie. pl. 22.
sp. 149. f. 148.
—— Sitkensis, Midd. Bull. St. Pet. vi. 121|Sitcha.
{non Rve.].
----— Eschscholtzii, Midd. ,, ,, ,, 118)Sitcha.

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 215

Name. Locality.

Chiton Merckii, Midd. Bull. St. Pet. vi. 20|Sitcha.

lividus, Midd. » 5) 99 120/Sitcha.

—— Mertensii, Midd. 9» 99 99 118|Colonie Russ. = Bodejas, Cal.

— scrobiculatus, Midd. ,, ,, ,, 121|)Colonie Russ.= Bodejas, Cal.

—— Brandtii, Midd. 9 99 +9) L17/S. coast, Ochotsk; large Schan-
tar Is.

giganteus, Tilesius, Mem. Ac. St.)? Kamtschatka.

Pet. vol. ix. 1824, p. 473. pl. 16. f. 1, 2.

pl. 17. f. 3 dis, 8.

sss [P?—— setosus, Tilesius, Mem. Ac. St. Pet.? Kamtschatka.

vol. ix. 1824, p. 484. |

ee a muricatus, Tilesius, Mem. Ac. St.'\? Kamtschatka and Kurule Is.

Pet. vol. ix. 1924, p. 483. pl. 16. f. 3. |

bulee

The last three are quoted on the authority of Tilesius. The second and
third Parts bear date 1849, and contain the general descriptions of shells.
The following are from the Pacific.

Part II.

BLA) coves | avaars Patella (Acmza) ceca, v. Reisewerk
O2 | 5| ...st% eeeeee | —— cassis, Esch. (Represents P.|Sitcha.

deaurata, Gmel. Str. of Magellan.)
53} 6) «.:.. o | sasawe a patina, Esch., v. Reise.
34] 7) 1 6 J —— scurra, Less. ...ccissscsscsecceans Sitcha.

= Acmea scurra, D’Orb.
=A. mitra, Esch.
+A. mammillata, Esch. [not Nutt. ]
+A. marmorea, Esch.
=? Lottia pallida, Gray, Beech. Voy.
ee | eee ere — digitalis, Esch. ssssssstavatecsis. Sitcha.
ao po? 1 3. |-—— persona, Esch, ..ssssesssccsceess/Sitcha.
+A. radiata, Esch.
+A. ancylus, Esch.
+A. scutum, D’Orb. (syn. excl.)
?=Lottia punctata, Gray: non Patel-
loidea punctata, Quoy and Gaim.
Voy. Astr. pl. 71. f. 40, 42.

37 10) +1 2 |——? personoides, Midd. .........:..| Kenai Bay.
=A. ancyloides, Midd. Bull. St. Peters.
vi. 20, non Forbes.
38 j11; 1 1 |? eeruginosa, Midd. ..siscsssese Bodejas.
oo j12} 1 4 |—— ?—— pileolus, Midd. ......... denies Sitcha.
39 |13) 1 5 Asmnty Midd. .00 0155 isceduavedons Sitcha.
Mee | bl o.ucaa lp tater. Fissurella violacea, Hsch. 1829 =latimar-|?Sitcha.
ginata, Sow. 1834.
This well-known S. American species
was found by Eschscholtz in the
Bay of Conception: Wosnessenski’s
quotation from Sitcha is probably
incorrect.
MET eadiiew | aseees ——— aspera, ESCH. ...ccccsessccctivocedsesses ?Sitcha, Mertens; Norfolk Sd.,
Esch.
AG 11) ‘ssvise | oss. Paludinella stagnalis, Linn., v. Reise...... Ochotsk, Black Sea, Caspian.
#46 | 2) ...... es tes —— aculeus, Gould ...scccocrssecevesseaees Ochotsk, Lapland.
1 47 | 3} 10 | 11-15 |—— castanea, MGll. ......iscesesisccseeeess Ochotsk, Lapland.
a ee cingulata, Midd., v. Reise............ Schantar Is. -
0 eared ieee Lacuna glacialis, MGI. wscccssessseescceeses Ochotsk, Sitcha.
57 | 3) soe... | ..s06. |Littorina grandis, Midd., v. Reise. ...... Ochotsk, Schantar, Kamtsch.
Gl, bavaet) |) cares subtenebrosa, Midd. .......++. Saardsas Isl. Urup, Sea Ochotsk.
| ES Pere ——— Kurila, Midd....icccsccsceccccccevecees Isl. Urup, Schantar, Kenai.

216 REPORT—1856,

Page. 3| Plate. | Fig. Name. Locality.
64] 8 8 13—15 |Littorina Sitchana, Phil. ..........0sccsee Sitcha, New Albion, Kenai.
GOO) waeade ih xaseee MOdesta, Phil, .....ceerseceereeccnvnes Sitcha, New Albion.
GENIE vats - rae TS ee gf) ere meres Sitcha, [?] New Albion, Barclay
68s) Peel 1 |Turritella Eschrichtii, Midd. ............... Sitcha.
GO VOW tI, cee Margarita arctica, Leach, var. major...... Sitcha, Ochotsk, Schantar.

+ M. vulgaris, Leach.
?= Turbo margarita, Lowe.
=M, Grenlandica, Beck.
= M., helicina, Moll., Fabr.

su a 45-6 sulcata, Sow. ....ccccccece abies» Aisa Unalaschka.
“3 ics RAs a striata, Brod. & Sowi iis. Reus Sitcha, Lapland.
: = Turbo carneus, Lowe.
= T. cinereus, Couth.
= Margarita sordida, Hancock.
20 Pea eee Trochus ater, Less., Phil. Abbild. p. 188.|Sitcha, Wosn.
no. 3. pl. 5, 8. f. 6.
BG ies ee euryomphalus, Jonas, Abbild. p. 15.|Sitcha, Esch.
no. 4. pl. 6. f. 4.
BA DIG scieeaot sass — mestus, Jon. Abdbild. p.15. no. 5.pl.6.|Sitcha, Wosn.
f.5; Mke. inZeit. f. Mal.1844, p.113.
85 |11| 10 | 16-18 |—— modestus, Midd....c...cecccceceseeeves Sitcha, Wosn.
Se = ee eS —— Schantaricus, Midd., v. Reise. ......
So = es eee (Turbo) Fokkesii, Jonas ............ Sitcha, Wosn.
Bis By acces th penta Natica aperta, Lov..........s00..esseeeeeeess-(OChotsk, Schantar.
i Ol cee dpc —— clausa, Brod. & Sow..........00scceees Sitcha, Ochotsk, Schantar, Kad
= N. consolidata, Couth. & Phil. jak, Kamtsch., Lapland, N.
= N. septentrionalis, Beck, Moll. Zembl.
= N. ianthostoma, Desh., Guér. Mag.
1841.
oe a eee eee —— pallida, Br. & Sow...cscceccceseevesees White Sea, Ochotsk.

= N. borealis, Gray, Beech. pl. 37. f. 2.
= WN. Gouldii, Phil. Zeit. f. Mal. 1845,
p. 77, from type.
a suturalis, Gray, Beech. Voy. p. 136.
pl. 37. f. 4.
ES i eas er —— flava, Gld. Am. Jl. Se. Art, vol. 38.|N.Zembla, Is. Panl in Behr, Sea
1840, p. 196.
= N. lactea, Lov., Phil.
= N. Grenlandica,Beck,MO6ll.&Thorpe.
?= WN. suturalis, Gray.
= N. pusilla, Say, teste Phil.

Oe ee echieg Minaueies — hereuleea, Midd........secccccesecs »-...|Bodejas.
?= N. Lewesii, Gld.
Be SE ceaccs asa Scalaria Groenlandica, Chemn., Sow., Gid.|Behring Straits.
= 8, planicosta, Kien.
= 8. subulata, Couth., De Kay.
Cp Se eee —— Ochotensis, Midd., v. Reise.......... S. coast Ochotsk.
oS eee eee Pilidium commodum, Midd., v. Reise. ...|Schantar Is.
MENMEDE) wkiacana |} xoscins Crepidula solida, Fids. ...cccssescessseeeees Bodegas.
100 | 2} ll 3-5 Sitcharwa, Midas): len Sitcha, Wosn.
101 | 3} 1l 6,:7 miintita, Weedd.’ Gilt Sitcha, Wosn.
101 | 4| ll 8-10 grandis, Biidd, ile. o..Acu eae Is. Paul, Behring Sea.
8 a ae Haliotis Kamtschatkana, Jonas, Z. f. M.\Kamisch., Unalaschka.
1845, p. 168.
ot Se a ————= AQUATIIS, RUG van. ccnceusiiansecs cus vanaes Kurule Is., Rve.
HY ae OG ee le Velutina haliotoidea, O. Fadr. ....... oso sap Mida.; Kamtsch. ,Chiron,
= V. levigata, L., Gld., Rve., Donov. Dek
= Bulla velutina, Mill.
=V. Miilleri, Desh., Guér. Mag. 1841.
=?Sigaretus coriaceus, Br. & Sow.
HOG 1S) 425. Mas coriacea, Pallas ...... Sa GR Kurile, Pallas ; Kamt., Steller.
160i 4) VA] ORS. —— cryptospira, Midd., v. Reise....,.....;Schantar Is., Ochotsk. ~

et Y

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 217

Page. S Plate. Fig. Name. Locality.

De eee Trichotropis bicarinata, Sow......+....e0+8. Behring, Schantar Is,, Ochotsk.
107 | 2} 10 7-9 insignis, DARA: ieee ees ead eae Behring.
_ _) 2 BE eee borealis, Br. & Sow. .....ccccceeseoess Sitcha, Wosn., Hds.

T. costellatus, Couth.
T. Atlantica, Beck.

= T. cancellata, Hds.

= 1. umbilicatus, Macgil.

I ll

eMdietes || 'esasoe HMCVIMIS cEIdS: woe kkk sesuertsings seek sesn. Sitcha, Hds.
Dy venesas | eevee Cancellaria (Tritonium [!1) viridula, O.|Lapl., Behring Sea.
Fabr.

= Admete crispa, MOll.
= Cane. Couthoyi, Jay.
=C. buccinoides, Couth.
=C. costellifera, Hance.

Gui | izes. |! aretica, Middacoitsescxysekpaeeiaunnsss Behr. Str., Wosn.

ee a are ae lapis: F03) s2e-00-95%. pains .....|Sitcha & Urup, Ochot., WhiteS.
+imbricata-+-bizonalis, Lam.

2 9 1-3 |—— decemcostata, Midd. ........ssecvevees Behr. Straits.

Mbskaseal| ivan. Freycinetii, Desh., v. Reise. .......0. Sitch., Och., Kamt., Behr., Aleut.

| errs ere septentrionalis, Rve. .......ceceeseese: Sitcha.

Ah sears “wa PleurotomaSchantaricum, Midd.,v. Reise.|Ochotsk, Schantar

Be eavcaMMekaess sinaples,, MAG. .cchtuaitesbconah aes Ochotsk.

Wi asipcka | sues. Murex monodon, Esch. .....sceccecsecscsees Sitcha.

Bind 1,2 Lactied ivehieilsd. piscssadceeeetl ..|Sitcha, Kadjak

+M. ferrugineus, Esch.
2| e006 | seeeee |Tritonium (Trophon) clathratum, Zinn...|Sitcha, Lapland.
= T7T. Gunneri, Lov., Rve.
= Fusus lamellosus, Gray, Z.B.V.pl.36.
f; 136
=F, scalariformis, Gld.
= Murex multicostatus, Esch.
= WM. clathratus, Phil. Z. f. M. 1845,

p. 78.
= Trophon Bamfii, Fabr.
Si Wiscex | capes (Fusus) antiquum, Linn. (non Lam.)|Kamt., Behr., Schan., Ochotsk,
+7. canaliculatum, Pallas. Lapl., N. Zembl.

+F. fornicatus, Gray, Z. B. V. p.117;
Rve. f. 63.

ee eee — decemcostatum, Say, Gld. ...|Kadj., Kenai.
SE ae —— —— contrarium, Linn.........00 -s...[Lapl., Ochotsk.
Ri wetess. | secece —- GETORNIC, ROE ii. cet eases Behr. Sea.
Bittaes ove, (AGEs). oe Islandicum, Chem. ...... »-...|Behr. Sea, Lapl.

=F, pygmeus, Gld., Phil.
?—F., Holboellii, Moll.
= Trit. gracile, Da Cost., Lov.
= Murex corneus, Donov.
= Fusus Sabini, Hance.
Sabinii, Gray (nec auct.) ictus Kenai, Lapl.
= Buccinum S., Gray, Parry’s Voy.p.240.
=F, Berniciensis, King, 1846.
=F, Sabinii, Gray, Z. B. V. p. 117.

9 eeeoee toocse. [

| re seeese [——— —— Schantaricum, Midd., v. Reise.|Schant., a Paul.
Be ieee) sees — Norvegicum, Chemn.........++ Tugur B., Ochotsk.
12; 3 5,6 |—— Behringii, Midd. .........+ .-.../Behr, Sea.

13} 6 7,8 |—— Baérii; Midd... 26c.ee neti eee Behr. Sea.

14 2 5-8 |—— Sitchense, Midd, ........c.sccees Sitcha.

15} 4 4,5 luridumay DUG. ci2.0. cawesutvnese. Sitcha,

16), s.000. sesees (—— (Buccinum) undatum, Linn. ...... Lapland.

0 ee eee Smeal TEC erect wees var. Schantarica|Schantar Is.

iy oe ae se tenebrosum, Hance. ..cscssoere Sitcha, Lapl.

= B. cyaneum, Moll.
+B. undulatum, Hane.

218 REPORT—1856,. L 4O

Page. z | Plate. Fig. Name. Locality.
WO7 17) caesce | sadess Tritonium (Buccinum) tenebrosum, Hane.
(continued.)
+B. sericatum, Hance. An. N. H. 1846,
p- 328.
+B. hydrophanum, Hance.
= B. boreale, Br. & Sow.
BGS GREP ccc | ceneds — simplex, Midd., v. Reise.......|Schant.
EGS (19) e505 | uel ———- —— Ochotense, Midd., v. Reise....|Ochotsk.
164 |21} 38 | 1-4 |—— cancellatum, Lam. ....:... ....|Unalaschka, Kadjak, Kamtsehs
= Triton c., A.s. V.ix. 638. oF
+F. Oregonensis, Rve. i.
Lil) Ey Gee (Poilia) scabrum, King™ ......|Kadjak, Wosn.; [S.Am., King.]}
Pollia scabra, Gray, Z. B.V. pl. 36. £.16. if
168 |23 4 11 glaciale, Linn. sssssseesseass ...-|Lapl., Ochotsk, Kamtsch. 5
= B. Grenlandicum, Hanc.
4 12 ?=B. polaris, Gray, Z. B. V. p. 128. a i
174 |26 E beg} ovum, Tere. ..icssssiesssssseses|Lapl, Behr. of
=B. ventricosum, Kr.
2+ B. fusiforme, Kr. } ;
= Tr. ciliatum, O. Fabr. )
ATS 127) overt seeeee | ooides, Midd., v. Reise. ...... Tugur, Ochotsk. |
ic Sy a Rep eiee Bullia ampullacea, Midd. .....:..s.ccseeses Sitcha, Schantar. a |
Je ie | Bb eaeieatt Bent Limacina arctica, Fabr., ve Reise. ......065 Schantar. a
184 | 1} 10 | 19-22 |Tritonia[Dendronotus jarborescens, Miull.|Sitcha, Ochotsk, Lapl., N. Zem. LT
=T. Reynoldsii, Couth. rh
186 | 1] 12 1-6 |Onychotheutis Kamtschatica, Midd....... Kurile. t
BOS fet Gansee | Senade Bergii, Licht...::..: bobescbeocesaabedens Behr. Sea.
Ee Pe ue aes ?Octopus, Sp. INd. .....c.cseesecesees ssissee.|Behr. Sea. |
Part III. :
1 {1} 11 + |11-17|Terebratula psittacea, Gmel. ........0s.000. 'Sitcha, Lapl.
DTN ccasetuly acqabs frontalis, Midd., v. Reise. .........00. Ochotsk.
DO | Si scsecae| atbeay [Placun-]Anomia patelliformis, Linn. ...'Sitcha, Esch.
Bb | Gaeyiossa ] .ccenes macrochisma, Desh., v. Reise. ...... Aleut., Kamt., Ochotsk.
10 | 2 32 7,8 |Pecten Islandicus, Chemn. ......se0csesereee, N. Zemb., Lapl., ?Behr., ?Kamt.| _
=P. Fabricii, Phil.
12 19.10 =P. Pealii, Conr.
12 12)355 |1-6 TUbIAUS, AIdS.......0cceeeeeee sessseeeees Sitcha, Wosn.; Aljaska, Hds. |
OF 0 ei wonese sseeee [Modiolaria nigra, Gray ..... sisddseseeeeeees Ochotsk, Lapl., N. Zems
= M. levigata, Lov., Hane:
= M. levis, Beck.
= M.discors, Beck, Gld., Fabr., Chemn.,
Phil., Rve.
OV) gs ade, aires ae vernicosa, Midd., v. Reise, .:.s.....\Ochotsk, Is. Kad}.
Ee Va ey « |Modiola modiolus, Linn. ...... ssesseseesss Sitcha, Lapl., Behr. .

+ Mytilus barbatus, Linn.
+ Mod. papuana, Lam.
+WM. Gibbsti, Leach.
+M. grandis, Phil.

* This shell is introduced under the title ‘ Tritontwm (Buccinum, Subg. Pollia, Gray)
scubrum, King et Broderip,” which reminds us of the pre-Linnzan times, and almost de-
stroys the good of binomial nomenclature. Dr. Middendorff may show his philosophical
knowledge by uniting Zrophon, Chrysodomus, Buccinum, Pisania and Nassa into one genus;
put he has scarcely a right to compel us to use six words (besides the authority for the
specific name) in citing his shell. Its presence in the N. Boreal fauna is extraordinary. le!
is generally regarded as one of the characteristic species of temperate or even tropical South
America. It has occurred, however, in pseudo- Mazatlan collections, and was brought by Kellett
and Wood. It has the aspect of a deep-water shell, and may therefore have a wide range.

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 219

Fig. Name. Locality.

25 | 3 a 19! IMytitus edulis, Linn. ....cssesssseeeesseees Sitcha, Ochotsk, Kamt., Lapl.,
+ M. borealis, abbreviatus, retusus, in-| Is! Paul, Kadj., Kenai, Behr.
, curvatus, Lam.
+ M. pellucidus, Penn.
+M. notatus, De Kay.
+. subsaxatilis, Williamson.
MS cscees || cseses Nucula castrensis, HdS. ....ce.csccosssooeeee Sitcha, Hds.
MINED siccees |, scocce ardtica, Br. §& SowW..005.06000500bn0s0% Kamtsch., Beechey.
eee Cardita borealis, Conr. .....csecsessetnshisa Ochotsk.
139 | 9) 16 1-5 |Cardium Nuttallii, Cons. ...cecccccessceses Sitcha, Kenai B., Is. Paul.
+0. Californianum, Conr.
40 10); 15 | 23-25 Californiense, Desh., v. Reise. ...... Sitcha, Ochot., Unal.,Behr. Sea.
ae } Astarte Scotia, Mat. § Rack. ss... Ochotsk, N. Zem., Lapl.
’
Se re —— Cofrugata, Brown .....csseccesessceees Aljaska, Behr., N. Zem., Lapl.
=. semisulcata, Hanc.
= A. borealis, Phil., Forbes.
= A. lactea, Br. & Sow. Z. B. V. p. 152.
= Tellina atra, Pallas.
51 | 2} 17 | 11-13 |Venerupis Petitii, Desh........... O80 is aannt Sitcha, Behr. Sea.
(52) 3) 18 1-3 gigantea, Desh. ...42...<sbosernsviene. Sitcha, Kamtsch.
EO) acces be sens Venus astartoides, Beck, v. Reise. ........ Ochotsk, Behr.
56 | 1; 18 4 |Petricola cylindracea, Desh. ....06.....006 Sitcha.
57 | 2} 18 5-7 Billa, AGA. «5c: vanpeepe sents senesa aed Sitcha, Esch.
Oe ee Saxicava pholadis, Linn. ..s...scsccesseeee Site.,Och.,Kamt., N.Zem., Lapl.
1 eer ee gas |Pellina Solidula, Pali ..c..sccduvessesstisencet Tugurb., Ochotsk, Behr., Kamt.,
N. Zem., Lapl., Black Sea.
a Ve NASIbAy CORT: vs otcorsn.eoee che adie 3. ees Sitcha, Behr., Ochotsk.
meo2| 8 17 8-10 |—— lata, Gmel., v. Reise. .........+++4...s.|Behr., Ochotsk, Tugurb., Lapl.
A J —— lutea, Gray, v. Reise........s.0008 ...../Behr., Schant., St. Paul.
Be LO gisous.-| sens. edentula, Br. & Sow., v. Reise....... Ochotsk, Unal., Behr.
ERT seessy | vsis0s Bodebensis, Hds. .....svccsscsessensse Bodegas.
OS ae wsesse (Mactra ovalis, Gld., v. Reise. ..cccecseserees Ochotsk, Behr., Kenai.
66 |; 1) 19 1-4 |Lutraria maxima, Midd. ...........ccee008 ..|Sitcha, Wosn.
(?=L. capax, Gld.|
mys 2 1-3 |Pectunculus septentrionalis, Midd. ...... Is. Ukamok, N.W. coast.
Oa eee Lyonsia Norwegica, Chemn., v. Reise. ...|Ochotsk.
see) 1) 19 | 13—15 [Mya truncata, Linn. visssevesiserssecocsese, Ochotsk, Lapl., Kamt.
[?=M. precisa, Gld.]
70 | 2} 20 1-3 arenaria, Limn. c.isecerrcees dsneeb dense Sitcha, Ochotsk, Lapl., N. Zem.
278 j1) 21 4-10 |Machera costata, Say, v. Reise......+......|Sitcha, Ochotsk, Behr., Kamt.

In the Sibiriens Reise, additional particulars are given with regard to the
following species.

163 | 1 Fr et Chiton Pallasii, Midd........cceccccseeceuees Tugur.

174 | 2| 15 | 1-6 Brandtii, Midd, sis. .ciseviorsisicaves Sitcha, Tugur, Schantar.

178 | 3 { 7 4 es —— submarmoreus, Midd...i......e.sse00 Sitcha, Tugur, Schantar.

’

183 | 4! 16 | 6a-c |Patella (Cryptobranchia) ceca, Mill. ...|Tugur, Schantar.

‘ +P. cerea, Moll.

| +C. candida, Couth. Some varieties
ae resemble Acemeaa testudinalis.
lise | 5 16 { he \ ——— (Atma) spelt, seb) 0s chasmnattioee Sitcha, Tugur, Schantar, Una-
ae laschka.
| Zee) 6] 164 |2a—c | |—— DATING; SCR: sehuetsstsctvete ss? Sitcha, Tugur, Schantar, Una-|
| g
3 -+- 4. scutum, Esch. laschka, Aleut., Kenai.

+ A.scutum, D’Orb.p.479, excl. f. 8-10.
A white var. from the Ochotsk Sea.

. REPORT—1856.

Page. - Plate. Fig. Name. Locality.
B92 17] 0. | annex (Palmela btagmalis, Zinn.” 2.0:.0.-<cs-00 S. coast Ochotsk Sea, on Algae,
= Paludina stagnalis,Mke. Z.f. M. Jan. a
1845, p. 37.
=P. muriatica+- thermalis, Phil. Sic.
193 edt ccs Wl cceees GA SRO OUMalis ss. Aen. cee .+.s0ee-{Ochotsk Sea.
Turbo ulve, Pen.
Paludina ulve, Lov.
P. pusilla, Eichwald.
= Cingula levis, De Kay.
bee an Seen A}, forma elatior.
= Paludina octona, Nilsson.
=P. stagnalis, var. b, Mke.
= Cyclostoma acutum, Drap.
= Turbo ventrosus, Mont. [?]
= Rissoa saxatilis, Moll.
194] 7| 25 3,4 |A2. forma ventricosior.
= Paludina balthica, Nilss., Lov.
= Cyclostoma anatinum, Drap.
= Turbo muriaticus, Beudant.
=Cingula minutia, Gld., De Kay.
= Rissoa glabra, Alder.
= Paludina ? ulva, Lyell.
Se | ae weces (Ealudinelia weulets, Gld. \\o.citseesncesscen S. coast Ochotsk.
= Cingula striata, Thorpe.
=?Rissoa arctica, Lov. -
196 | 9} 25 | 5-7 |~— cingulata, Midd. .......... meena | Schan.
197 |10] 10 | 10,11 |Lacuna glacialis, MGI2. ...-...ccceeeceeee ees Schan., S. Ochotsk.
198 {11} 11 | 4-10 |Littorina grandis, Midd. Bull. Class. Phys.|Schan., S. Ochotsk.
Math. Ac. St. Petersb. vii. no. 16.
201 }12} 11 | 13, 14|——Kurila, Midd. Bull. Class. Phys.Math.|Schan., S. Ochotsk, Kurile.
Ac. St. Petersb. vii. no. 16.
202 {13} 11 | 11,12 |——subtenebrosa, Midd. Bull. Class. Phys.|S. Ochotsk (Is. Segneka).
Math. Ac. St. Peters. vii. no. 16.
203 j14) 17 | 13-16 |Margarita arctica,Leach,var.major, Midd.|Schan., 8S. Ochotsk.

Ht i il

204 |15) 18 1-7 |Trochus Schantaricus, Midd. ............ Schan., S. Ochotsk.
206 |16) 11 1-3 |Natica aperta, Lev:,...s.cesscens Sashoncerard Schan., 8. Ochotsk, Jakshina.
BEES EP ah awen. | gastos — clausa, Br. & Sow. .se...seveeesseeee Schan., 8. Ochotsk.

= WN. consolidata, Couth., Phil.
=N. septentrionalis, Beck, Moll.
210 j18| ..cooe | acoeee [——— pallida, Br. & Sow. ...c0ccccsscccsees
= WN. borealis, Gray, Z.B.V. pl. 37. f. 2.
= N. Gouldii, Phil. Z. f. M. 1845, p. 77.
213 |19} 12 |12-14 |Scalaria Ochotensis, Midd. [This most/S. Ochotsk es. Nichta).
remarkable shell has the appearance
of an enormous Chemnitzia; and
reminds one of the Oolitic forms
which go by that name. ]

Schan., S. Ochotsk.

214 |20; 17 | 4-11 |Pilidium commodum, Midd. ............06+ S. Ochotsk.
216 |21} 25 | 8-10 |Velutina cryptospira, Midd. ..........00...
ZB ea eak LT vuld Trichotropis bicarinata, Br. & Sow. ...... Schan., S. Ochotsk, Tugur.
; +7. Sowerbiensis, Less.
219 |23) 12 1-9 |Purpura Freycinettii, Desh. .......0se0e0s S. Ochotsk.
+P. attenuata, Rve.
222 j24] 12 {10,11 lapillus, ZAG. “daseis capes Qevccktenes S. Ochotsk.
223 |25} 12 |17-19|Pleurotoma Schantaricum, Midd.......... Schan., S. Ochotsk.
223 |26] 12 {15,16 simplex, Meda N 2:2 RIA Ne eee S. Ochotsk.
224 127] ...006 wees |Tritonium (Fusus) antiquum, Zinn.
10 3 Var. 1. Behringiana ....c.cccccceasseceos Behring Sea.
Var. 2. communis,+fornicatus, Rve.
229 |28] ...... | eeeeee [—— contrarium, Linn. ces.ccecsses S. Ochotsk, Tugur,

230 |29| 10 7-9 |—— Schantaricum, Midd........c.ccceeeeee
231 |30] ...... | sesee. [——— (Fusus) Norvegicum, Chemn..

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 22]

Page. Zz Plate. | Fig. Name. Locality,
233 |31} 10 4-6 |Tritonium (Buccinum) undatum, var. |Schan.
Schantarica.
a —— —— simplex, Midd. Bull.&c.vii.no.16|Schan.
235 |33 ae 1,2 |__. _. Ochotense, Midd.......do......|Tugur.
236 |34| 8 7,8 |—— —— ovoides, Midd. .........d0...... Tugur.
237 |35) 8 5,6 |—— tenebrosum, Hane. [pl. 9, err. typ. |
237 |36) 8 3,4 |Bullia ampullacea, Midd. [pl. 17. fig. 1-3,/Schan., Tugur.
err. typ. |
| i eee Limacina arctica, Fabr. .......ccccsssesscses Schan.
=L. helicialis, Lam., Rve.
241 \38; 18 | 9-14 |Terebratula frontalis, Midd.-..........0000 S. Ochotsk.
242 |39) 19 1-5 {|Anomia macroschisma, Desh........ssseee0. Schan.
BIA) canses | sovese Modiolaria vernicosa, Midd. ..........0008+ S. Ochotsk.
a a MGA: GAY .osccasVernnsnabdencnasesien Schan., S. Ochotsk.
a Mivtilas edulis, L700. ...ceisecissiacsnsastes S. Ochotsk.
Mt! wo. | .vesee |Cardita borealis, Com.’ ...0ceccscccescsacses S. Ochotsk.

? Cardita spurca, Sow.
248 |45) 19 | 6-11 |Cardium Californiense, Desh. (nec Conr.)|Schan., 8. Ochotsk, Tugur.
250 |46| 20 1-4 |Astarte Scotica, Maton & Rack.........0++ S. Ochotsk.
= A. semisulcata, Lovy., Phil., Moll.
=A. Garensis, ?var. Lyell.
= A. lactea, Gld.
= Venus sulcata, Mont.
252 |48|] 20 5-13 |Venus Astartoides, Beck, n. sp.......00 ../S. Ochotsk, Tugur.
(253 (49) 24 1-7 |Saxicava pholadis, Linn...........cccceveees S. Ochotsk.
: =8. gallicana, Lam.
=. rugosa, Lam.
= Mytilus rugosus, Penn.
= 8. Grenlandica, Pot. & Mich.
=8. distorta, Say, Gld.
= Mya byssifera, Fabr.
= Solen minutus, Wood.
+ Hiatella oblonga, Turt.
50) 23 Goii, |Tellina: nasuta, Cons ....c.sccsscewscesve'asnii S. Ochotsk, Tugur.
mh 2a 1-5 |—— lata, Gmel. (nec Quoy & Gaim.)..../S. Ochotsk.
= T. calcarea, Hanl., Lyell, Moll.
+T. proxima, Bronn, Hanl., Gray.
= T. triangularis, Lyell.
=T. sordida, Couth. = Sanguinolaria
s., Gould.
= Macroma tenera, Leach.
52} 21 Beet TGC, GTEY .cevscuectentenstvcves reas Schantar Is.
= T. alternidentata, Br. & Sow.
=T. Guildfordie, Gray.

53} 21 1 —— edentula, Br. &§ DO ratte. sens cusses S. Ochotsk, Tugur.
54| 22 3-6 |—— solidula, Pult., Hanl., Wood, Lam.,|S, Ochotsk.
Kryn.

= Loripes roseus, Andrj.

= T. carnaria, Penn., not Linn.

= T. balthica, Phil., Lyell.

= T. grenlandica, Lyell.

=T. fusca, Say = Psammobia f. = San-
guinolaria f.

=T. frigida, Hanl.

= T., Fabricii, Hanl.

= T. inconspica, Br. & Sow.

[Comp.Sanguinolaria Californica,Conr. |

363 |55] ..... a etree Mactra ovalis, Gid. [p. 263, err. typ.] .../S. Ochotsk, Tugur.

= M. ponderosa, Phil.

=M. similis, Gray, Z. B. V. p. 154.
pl. 44. f. 8.

222 A ; - REPORT—1856, y anan . ‘

Page. Z| Plate. Fig. Name. , Locality,

264 |56) 24 | 8-11 |Lyonsia Norvegica, Chemn. ...........++0: Schant,, S, Ochotsk, Tugur.
|
.

=L. striata, Turt. (Mya str., Mont.)
=L. gibbosa, Hance.

= Mya hyalina, Conr. teste Couth.
= Pandorina arenosa, Moll.

= Amphidesma corbuloides, Lam.

= Osteodesma corbuloides, Desh.

= 0. hyalina, Couth., Gld., De Kay,

266 |57| 25 | 11-14 |Mya truncata, Linn. .......cccececoosenerees S. Ochotsk.
+M, Uddevalensis, Hanc. =

FS IS) esccc N cdsess arenaria, Linn. ..cenccnreeccs ohh atethad S. Ochotsk. 7

OR Ss eee meee Panopza Norvegica, Spengler ........+++ S. Ochotsk, Tugur,

POS WOO) sone casas Machara costata, Say. ,i...eesaveeveenpas S, Ochotsk (Lebashja).

=Solecurtus Nuttallii, Conr.
= Solen nitidus, Chen.
=8. splendens, Chen.
=S. Americanus, Chen.
=8. medius, Gray, Z. B. V. p. 153.
pl. 44. f, 2.
=8. maximus, Wood (nec Chemn.)
p- 129, pl. 31, f. 3.
?=8. tenuis, Brod. & Sow.
?=8, alius, Brod. & Sow.

The freshwater and land shells described in this work, pp. 273-308, appear —
to belong exclusively, either to the general North temperate fauna of the old
world, or to the local fauna of the district. They are distributed by Mid-
dendorff under three heads, pp. 389 et seg. (1) Cireumpolar Fauna: Unio
margaritifera, Pianorbis albus, Limnzeus stagnalis and palustris, Physa hyp-
norum, Succinea putris, Helix pulchella, pura and fulva, Achatina lubriea,
Vitrina pellucida. (2) Boreal Fauna: Unio pictorum and batavus, Anodonta
cellensis and anatina, Pisidium obliquum, Cyclas cornea and calyculata, —
Planorbis corneus, complanatus, contortus, leucostoma and vortex, Limnezeus —
auricularius, truncatulus, leacostomus, Physa fontinalis, Paludina Kikxii and
tentaculata, Valvata piscinalis, Helix ruderata, Schrenkii, carthusiana and
hispida, and Bulimus obscurus. (3) Central Astatie Fuuna: Unio Dahuricus —
and Mongolicus, Anodonta hereulea, and Limneus Gebleri.

The author enters at considerable length, pp. 351-389, into the influence
of Zones, Depths, Temperature and Saltness on the distribution and changes
of mollusks; and gives full details of the peculiarities of several specifie and
generic forms, pp. 330-342. In pp. 309-463, the author distributes the —
Russian shells into their various Zoological provinces. With the Aral-Kas-
pian, the Black Sea* and the very limited Baltic faunas, we have now no
concern. The Polar fauna (p. 318 e¢ seg.) is divided into three sections :—
A. The Atlantic species, 30 in number, B. Those of the Behring Sea, 26 ;
and C. the Circumpolar species, 54. To this list are added 50 species, which
have not yet been found in the Russian dominions,

* Middendorff gives the following species as common to the temperate latitudes on both sides
of the Atlantic :—Littorina rudis, Fusus muricatus, Crepidula unguiformis, Dentalium dentalis,
Anomia ephippium, Solen ensis, Pecten varius, Lima squamosa, Also the following as common
to the Mediterranean and the West Indies:—Conus Mediterraneus, Columbella mercatoria,
Nassa crenulata, Littorina muricata and neritoides, Cerithium lima, Tellina carnaria, and
Rotella lineata. Pp. 346-7.

-

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.

223

B. Polar Fauna of the Behring Sea.

Chiton submarmoreus, tunicatus and
vestitus.

Patella patina, pelta.

Paludinella ? cingulata.

Cancellaria arctica.

Purpura Freycinetii, decemcostata.
Pleurotoma Schantaricum, simplex.
Tritonium (Fusus) Behringii, Baerii.

Littorina subtenebrosa, Sitchana, grandis. Bullia ampullacea.

Margarita sulcata.
Scalaria Ochotensis.
Crepidula grandis.
Trichotropis insignis.

[ Placun-|Anomia macrochisma.
Modiola vernicosa.

Nucula arctica.

Tellina edentula, lutea.

C. Circumpolar Species, p. 319.

Patella ceca.

Paludinella stagnalis, aculeus.

Lacuna glacialis.

Margarita striata, arctica,

Natica pallida, clausa, aperta, flava, heli-
coides.

Scalaria groenlandica,

Velutina haliotoidea.

Trichotropis borealis, bicarinata.

Purpura lapillus.

Tritonium (Trophon) clathratum.

T, (Fusus) antiquum, contrarium, Is-
landicum, Sabinu, Norvegicum, 10-cos-
tatum.

T. (Buccinum) undatum, tenebrosum,
ovum,

Limacina arctica.

Onychotheutis Bergii, Kamtschatica.

Terebratula psittacea.

[ Placun-] Anomia patelliformis.

Pecten Islandicus.

Modiola modiolus, nigra.

Mytilus edulis.

Nucula pygmea.

Cardita borealis.

Cardium Nuttallii.
to B.|

Astarte Danmoniensis, Scotica, corrugata,
compressa.

Venus Astartoides.

Saxicava pholadis.

Tellina solidula, lata.

Mactra ovalis,

Lyonsia Norvegica.

Mya truncata, arenaria.

Panopza Norvegica.

Macheera costata.

[Probably belongs

An analysis of the species belonging to the Pacific waters is given in pp. 349
et seq. The following are as yet only known from the Asiatic coast :—

Chiton Pallasii and amiculatus.
Trochus Schantaricus.
Pilidium commodum.

Tritonium Schantaricum, simplex, Ocho-
tense, ooides, cancellatum.
Terebratula frontalis.

The following have been found both on the east and west sides of the

Pacific :-—

Chiton Stelleri, Brandtii, lineatus.
Littorina Kurila,

Velutina coriacea, spongiosa.
Haliotis Kamtschatkana, aquatilis.

Modiola cultellus.
Cardium Nuttallii, Californiense.
Venerupis gigantea, Petitii.

Tellina nasuta.

Of the species (so far as we yet know) peculiar to the American shores,
the following are recorded by Middendorff as not having been found below
Sitcha; the list, however, will have to be materially modified :—

Chiton Sitchensis, lividus, Eschscholzii,
Merckii.

Patella digitalis, persona, personoides,
pileolus, Asmi,

Turritella Eschrichtii.

Trochus modestus.

Dentalium politum.

Crepidula Sitchana, minuta.

Trichotropis insignis.

Purpura septentrionalis.
Tritonium Sitchense, luridum.
Murex lactuea, monodon.
Pecten rubidus.

Petricola gibba.

Nucula eastrensis.
Pectunculus septentrionalis,

294 REPORT—1856. ' uO

The following list of species common to Sitcha and California will have
to be considerably extended :—

Fissurella violacea, aspera. Tritonium scabrum.
Patella scurra. Petricola cylindracea.
Littorma modesta and aspera. Lutraria maxima.
Trochus ater, moestus, Fokkesii, euryom-

phalus.

The following are regarded by Middendorff as peculiar to the Californian —

province :—

Chiton Mertensii, scrobiculatus. Crepidula solida.
Patella zruginosa. Tellina Bodegensis.
Natica herculea.

The very abnormal appearance of the tropical Létorina aspera and Callo-
poma fluctuosum, in these Northern lists, awaits confirmation. The L. aspera
of Barclay may be founded on ballast specimens ; or it may be a misnomer for
the L. planaxis of Nutt., as ordinary coarse specimens of the two might easil
be mistaken. The Callopoma, which appears to extend along the Califor-
hian coast, may also have reached Sitcha through human instrumentality.
Another circumstance pointed out by Middendorff is remarkable: that two
of the largest species of Crepidule known, are found on the northern shores
of America; one on the Pacific, the other on the Atlantic side.

45. In the years 1843-46, H.M.S. Samarang sailed under the command of
Capt. Sir E. Belcher to the East Indies. Although the expedition did not
touch upon the western coast of America, there appear in the “ Zoology:
Mollusca, by A. Adams and L. Reeve; London 1850,” the two following
species :—

«P, 70. pl. 9. f. 7 a,b. Calyptrea trigonalis. China Sea.” This scarcely differs in
any essential particular from Crucibulum lignarium, Brod., and its varieties from
South America. The trigonal form may be an accident of growth.

“Pp, 78. pl. 21. f. 17. Artemis Dunkeri, Phil. Eastern Seas.” This is the abundant
and characteristic species of the Mazatlan district, extending along the coast of
Peru. The habitat is probably erroneous.

In all other respects, as might be expected, the species described in ifs

beautiful and most instructive work are entirely distinct from those of the

W. American coast.

46. In the “ Zeitschrift fir Malakozoologie, von Dr. Karl Theodor Menke
und Dr. Louis Pfeiffer, Cassel, 1846,” pp. 19-21, 51-55, Dr. R. A. Philippi
describes the following species from Mazatlan, on the authority of one of his
own family :—

Page. No.

19-1. Corbula alba, Phil. Resembles the Italian fossil C. carinata. Perhaps

it is the C. bicarinata, Sow.

19 2. Tellina cicercula, Phil. Perhaps= Strigilla carnaria, jun. Vide B. M. Maz.
Cat. p. 41. no. 66.

19 3. T. lenticula, Phil. (Strigilla).

20 4. T. dichotoma, Phil. (Strigilla).

20 «5. T.ervilia, Phil. (Strigilla). In his Abbild. &ec. Aug. 1846, p. 24, he quotes
Tellina (Strigilla) pisiformis and Diplodonta semiaspera, as common
to Mazatlan and the Caribbean Sea.

20 6. Diplodonta obliqua, Phil. ie

21 = =7. Lucina ecancellaris, Phil. .
21 8, Patella pediculus, Phil. pM

Co ee st Se ey

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 225
Page. No.
51 18. Siphonaria Lecanium, Phil.

51 19. Trochus disculus, Phil. (Modulus).

52 20. Buccinum nucleolus, Phil. 2 An Anachis. Described as a miniature edition
of B. prismaticum. Comp. B. Antoni, Dkv., Zeit. f. Mal. 1847, p. 61.
no. 6, “ Mexico, Hegewisch,” described as resembling the same shell.

53 23. Terebra fulgurata, Phil.

53 24. Columbella pallida, Phil. Resembles Anachis azora, Ducl.

54 25. C. spadicea, Phil. ?Resembles A. costulata, Brod. & Sow.

54 26. C. teniata, Phil.

55 27. Dentalium hyalinum, Phil.

47. The Mexican War, carried on by the United States, 1846-1848,
against their sister republic*, ending in the extension of slavery, was
indirectly the means of adding to our knowledge of the Californian and
Mexican faunas. Three of the officers, viz. Col. E. Jewett (of Utica, N.Y.)
and Major William Rich (of Washington) of the army, and Lieut. T. P. Green
of the navy, made collections at different stations from Panama to San
Francisco, the whole of which have passed through the hands of Dr. Gould
for examination. The number of species collected by Col. Jewett was about
921; by Major Rich, 130; by Lieut. Green, about 172; in all, perhaps 440
species. Many of them were collected alive, and of a large part the localities
were noted at the time. It is too much to expect that gentlemen engaged
in so fearful and exciting a trade should be able to exercise the calm, patient
accuracy needed for scientific pursuits. On doubtful points, therefore, the
evidence may need confirmation: still it speaks much for the care and
interest for science which these gentlemen manifested, that the supposed
errors are few and comparatively unimportant. Several species thought to
be new were described by Dr. Gould in the ‘ Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.’
Nov. 1851; and have been since reprinted, with additional descriptions and
three plates, under the title “‘ Descriptions of Shells from the Gulf of Cali-
fornia and the Pacific Coasts of Mexico and California, by Augustus A.
Gould, M.D.” There is no date, but the work was received last year in this
country. In order to promote harmony of nomenclature between the
writers in England and America, Dr. Gould ventured to entrust the whole of
his valuable collections from the west coast of N.’America to the writer,
although unknown to him; by whom they were carefully collated with the
specimens in the British Museum and the cabinets of Mr. Cuming and
Mr. Nuttali+. The result, so far as the new species are concerned, is em-

bodied in a paper laid before the Zoological Society last June; and, so far

as relates to the identification of previous species, in the following lists. Of
many, however, the specimens had only been lent to Dr. Gould for examina-
tion, and have therefore not been seen in this country. When the identifica-
tions of species are erroneous, according to English interpretations, the name
assigned by Dr. Gould is retained as his own, with the supposed correct one
added; in order that the meaning of the species as used by that author may
be understood in his other writings. The very interesting locality-notes of
Messrs. Jewett and Green contain several entirely unexpected statements,
Panama and Mazatlan species being quoted from Sta. Barbara, and vice versd.
Some few well-known W. Indian forms also appear from Acapulco and
Panama; which it is more natural to regard as importations than as “ repre-
sentative species.’ ‘The same may be said of the remarkable appearance of
Livona pica at Sta. Barbaras When we remember the errors that have

* Vide A. A. Livermore’s War with Mexico Reviewed. Boston, 1850.

+ A large part of the shells in the following lists, however, were not sent to this country ;
having probably only passed through Dr. Gould’s hands for examination.

1856. Q

296 REPORT—1856.

crept into the works of the most experienced writers, it is not passing the
least reflection on the statements of these scientific officers, when we claim
liberty to suspend our judgment till the unexpected results have been
verified. The principal value of Major Rich’s collection (as of those made
by Capt. Kellett and Lieut. Wood), appears to be the accumulation of rare
and interesting specimens : for geographical purposes, as most of the habitats
are simply divided between Upper and Lower California, it cannot be
regarded as of much authority.

Of the following species, sent with the others, the name of the collector is
not given.

Sanguinolaria Nuttalliit, Cony. =decora,

Hds. San Diego.
Donazx bella, Desh. Lower California.
sulcatus, Phil. Zeit. f. Mal. 1847,
p. 76. no. 12, 2—
Dione chionea, Mke. 2?—
~ Mytilus bifurcatus, Conr, “ Calif. coast
somewhere.” Sandw. Is., teste Conr.
Crenella coarctata, Dkr.

Arca ?lurida (or vespertilio). ?Mazatlan.
solida, Sow. California.
Ostrea Columbiensis, Hanl., on Area

grandis. Lower California.

rufa. Of two specimens thus named,
the larger appears =O. Virginica, jun. ;
the smaller may be the young of the
elongated form of O. iridescens. Calif.

Hehx Nuttalliana, Lea, =fidelis, Gray.
Oregon.

Townsendiana, Lea. Oregon.

Helix sportella (384, young shell). ?—
Haliotis ?Kamtschatkana : dead.
Hipponyz serratus, Cpr. ?—
mitrula, Lam. ?—
Modulus dorsuosus, Glad. =duplicatus,
var. A. Ad. =disculus, Phil. ?—
Modulus ?lenticularis, Chemn. Acapulco.
[Probably the W. Indian sp. imported. |
Cerithium interruptum, Mke. ?—

Ovulum secale. 2—
ce

ae

riabilis, C. B. Ad.”? ?—
Pleurotoma funiculata, Sow. Lower Calif,
Drillia albovallosa, Cpr. ?—
Terebra albocincta, Cpr. (three dead sp.),
Marginella imbricata, Hds.
Oliva gracilis, Brod. & Sow. ?Panama.
[This appears exactly the W. I. species. }
“ Columbella terpsichore and pygmea, Ja-
maica.’

2? avena, Sow. =simile, Rve. =va-

Sta. Barbara. —

devia, Gld. — Baskervillii, Pfr. Oreg.
— Nickliniana, Lea, =vincta, Val. (not

=Californica, Rve.) Upper California.
eruginosa, Gld. =Townsendiana,
var. Pfr. San Francisco.

Pisania 2articulata, =P. pusio, W. I
teste Cuming. ?Panama,

Trophon crassilabrum, Gray. emnionl |

Murex armatus [not hexagonus|, Ad. ?—

The following is a list of the new species described by Dr, Gould in the
“¢ Mexican and Californian Shells,” and by the writer in the ‘ Proceedings of
the Zoological Society,’ July 8th, 1856; the numbers referring to the latter—
the page, plate and figure to the former.

Oe a A

S g = = Name Locality.

1/1515) 1|Pholas (Pholadidea) ovoidea, Gld. .........ccceeesseeee San Diego, Green.

2/16)15} 5\Petricola bulbosa, GUd.’ .........cccccscvcceccccnccesccceces Guaymas, Green.
=P. robusta, Sow.=P. sinuosa, Conr,

Preanbnasisre/COLDUIA DOLYCHOMS, Clare upehscs>+ssaescrrhierss annie Sta. Barbara, Jewett ; Gulf

Calif., Lieut. Shipley.

4|17|15| 6 Osteodesma nitidum, Gld. ......cecccseeceeesenceeseeaeeees Sta. Barbara, Lieut. Gree
Probably = Lyonsia Californica, Conr. jun.

5}19]...}...,|Amphidesma flavescens, G1d........cecssescccveeesecececes San Diego, Lieut. Green. —
= Semele proxima, B. M. Maz. Cat, p. 28. no, 40,

non C. B. Ad.
6/24/16) 1/Tellina miniata, Gld. Proc. B. N. H. S. Nov. 1851...
= Sanguinolaria pee Desh. P. Z. S. 1854,
p- 346. no. 137; B. M. Maz. Cat. p. 31. no. 46.
FIZ5j 16] Dim—— tensa, Gd. ..ssccrcccecccssecccccscsccesees ockzadessrtlo hen Col. Jewett.

San Juan, Lieut. Green.

\
l

{33} 2)14) 1|—— vesicalis, Gid........ SRE SABE er eee OP eee

Bed) 514) 9\—— (Tornatina) cerealis, Gid........s..ssssssseeseeccees

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 227

Ge ;
é 2 = =f Name. Locality.
8/25|16) 3|/Tellina pura, Gld. .......000 capaudee cdaGdseecssccsshcsseces(Eaname, Cole Jewets, teme

Gld. Imp., San Diego &
Mazatlan, Lieut. Green,
teste Gld. MS.

=Strigilla carnaria, B. M. Maz. Cat. p. 39. no. 66.
me ALLa! S\Donax flexuosus, Gld. ....ccccoccccccencccccasvecee seseeee(Sta. Barbara, Col. Jewett.
12)21|15| 9|-—— obesus, Gid. Proc. B. S. N. H. 1851, p. 90...... San Diego, Lieut. Green.
=D, Californicus, Conr., non Desh.
= D. leviyatus, Desh.
13|20|15| 4|Mactra mendica, Gid. Proc. B. 8. N. H. 1851, p. 88.|Mazatlan, Lieut. Green.
= Gnathodon trigona, Petit, B. M. Maz. Cat. p. 52.
no. 81.
LZ i veol ses Lutraria ventricosa, Gid. Proc. B.S. N. H. 1851, p. 89.|Mazatlan, Lieut. Green.
= Mactra exoleta, Gray.

15|18|15| 7 undulata, Gld. Proc. B. 8. N. H. 1851, p. 89...|La Paz, Lieut. team!
Probably = Mactra elegans, Sow. Tank. Cat. App.

(eae lc Rca Ge NAS, 5 if tarsstcnesssasanceeved Oe Bae seks San Pedro, W. P. Blake.

i7\.. tenerrima, “oe Roy tga settee oneineite divd Gubrian. & Panama, Col. Jewett.

Sta. Barbara, Col. Jewett.

20)28)...]... Cardium luteolabrum, Gid. Proc. B.S.N. H. 1851, p.91|San Diego, Lieut. Green
?=C,. wanthocheilum, Gld. MS. Cat.

| ae mmrraatntp. Gia. BIN. ss scacereibecsecacccnent ...--(san Pedro, W. P. Blake.

Sa RL CIO IIS, “COP, sans ccbdvdeoixsinpnadcatiecssdgnaniion ? Acapulco.—Mus. Gld.

San Diego, Lieut. Green;
Sta. Barbara, Col. Jewett,
and Nuttall.

? Mazatlan, Col. Jewett.

?= Diplodonta semiaspera, var.

erate) MO yrena Its, Gid..:.......cccccocsosescrccsasuasescnssneba’
= Cyrena Mexicana, var.
Po cettale./ 2 MOOON Ciconia, Gld. ...........ccccpsences evans’ Bd: ¥
?=Anodon glauca, Val.
26/29/16] 8|Mytilus glomeratus, Gid.Proc. B.S. N. H. 1851, p.92|San Francisco, Maj. Rich.
Pi lewshenstor'> TE a ee California.
28/3016) 9|Lithodomus falcatus, Gid. Proc. B. S.N. H. 1851 ,p. 92|Monterey, Maj. Rich. In
= Lithophagus Gruneri, Phil. (N. Zeal. Mus. Cum. )*| hard marly clay.
Millassiv>=|sashVGSOATGR PETNOIACS, Cys. ...ccrrecverssceccvennacerccasess San Diego, Wedd.
30)31)16| 7|Avicula sterna, Gid. Proc. B. S. N. H. 1851, p. 93.../Panama, C. B. dd.; ?Ma-
=A. Atlantica, Mke. not Lam. zatlan, Lieut. Green.
31/32)16| 6|Lima tetrica, Gld.Proc. B. S. N. H. 1851, p. 93......|La Paz, Maj. Rich.
fey 2/14) Ai ulimms Vegetus, G1d........c.ccccereseescvencesstouacecess San Juan, Lieut. Green.
= B. pallidior, Sow. teste Cum.

? Mexico, Lieut. Green.

Lower Calif., Maj. Rich.
California, Maj. Rich.
LowerCalifornia,Maj.Rich.
Sta. Barbara, Col. Jewett.
Sta. Barbara, Col. Jewett.
San Diego, teste Gid.

San Diego, W. P. Blake.
Sta. Barbara, Col. Jewett.
On kelp or Zoophytes.

Monterey, Lieut. Green.

MBPS Cli. op ciisviewssienacsvoveenaseciiyvascseasnetes
SUEDE SUE IMG CLATA, GUC. ~ ....s.cesenccansecseqnanacsscgacesqacscess
36| 4/14] 8|Bulla (Akera) culcitella, Gld. [Tornatina]

Sena

besthonia Phelia, Gi MSS iv ade dds de cesucatecdsncatovet
oe ee —— (Haminea) vesicula, Gd. .......c0..cseecsseeees ees
Meee, amemiam PAaleadcea, Gid. — ....cccesccesseccccnvsccavaeccnca rss
= Nacella depicta, Hds.
MP4tE RT rOChUSs Marcidus, GIDL... civ cccy cavevececdvace Ceamrakee
= Omphalius Pfeifferi, Phil. teste Cum.
= Chlorostoma maculosum, A. Ad.
Dr. Gould’s shell is perhaps that of Adams ; while
his 7. Montereyi, Rve., appears to be the O.
Pfeifferi, Phil.

* This appears absolutely identical with the [?] New Zealand shell. It has no incrustation
outside the epidermis, One of Mr, Cuming’s species has an internal hinge-lamina.

Q2

298 -REPORT—1856.

3| 8]. |

e = = Name. Locality.

42) 09) soc Trochus (Monodonta) pyriformis, Gld.......ceessecesees San Diego, Lieut. Green.
= Osilinus gallina, Forbes, var.

rex) A Pee MEH, FI swcveccccceesesscdvaniaceneceteauanmennee Sta. Barbara, Col. Jewett ;
= Livona pica, teste Cuming, &c. 5 sp. (part living).

AM eed Phasianella compta, Gld. MS. ...ccecceees ere vodeederete Sta. Barbara, Col. Jewett;

San Diego, Dr. Webb, &
W. P. Blake.

45}. «3(Cracibulum Jewettil, Cor.....cvsvevacvewveveuueveate ctecke Mazatlan, Col. Jewett, 1 sp.

46 4 14 7\Crepidula explanata, Gid. ......... sha. vane teeae oer Nel Monterey, Lieut. Green;
= C. exuviata, Nutt. Jay’s Cat. 3027. Lower Cal., Maj. Rich.
=C. perforans, Val. :

47|10|14/12|Modulus dorsuosus, Gld......ccccecsccccccececcecesescees .-|Acapulco, Col. Jewett.

48) 714/10 Narica ovoides, GUdit Jain ito. cee view eee eee ** Purchased at Mazatlan,”
This shell belongs to Jsapis, H. & A. Ad., which] © Col. Jewett.

is a Fossarus, with a columellar callosity, like
Purpura columellaris.

49). -\eee}s.2/?Lacunaunifasciata, Opr. Of. 6. il vclccseesesccteccsstecaes Sta. Barbara, Col. Jewett.

50)...|...|...|Cerithidea albonodosa, Cpr. ......c.sseccsscscsceseccocees San Diego, Dr. Webb.

SL d0b8.15. Pascatia; Nid. MS. is ciwesccesccdecisasdsanctyescesen San Diego, W. P. Blake.
Probably = C. sacrata, var.

52/13)/14/20| Erato leucophzea, Gld. ...ccccccccscsctuascvccecescsccceces Sta. Barbara, Col. Jewett.
=(probably) £. columbella, Mke.

Dal. 7114119/\Terebra arputa, Gld. cle. cases. .essavastvleuenshe eel eaeaee San Juan, Lieut. Green.
= T. fulgurata, Phil.

DA TSI4A2ALi Conus ravus, Gld. “cece... cconstbccnacstinevodv. cme ee Sta. Barbara, Col. Jewett.

55)14)14/23 COMICS, Gd 2.5 lace edacncs saaedasadendchavistene es Sta. Barbara, Col. Jewett.
=C. purpurascens, jun., rubbed, teste Cuming.
=C. achatinus, Mke. non Chemn.

56/15)14/22 pusHlas, Qld. ccses ce dase x dodegetal bw'deevanee tne Mazatlan, Col. Jewett.

57|12|14)13/Odostomia achates, Gld. [Obeliscus] .........seeeeeee Mazatlan, Col. Jewett. -
Comp. O. clavulus, A. Ad.

58}11/14|14 STAM, Gyds-s..ccniasdacnways«caecaceam les oaeeeeee Sta. Barbara, Col. Jewett.
Closely resembles O. conoidea.

59)10/14/15|Chemnitzia tenuicula, Gld....c.c..csccccccsscenscecscvceess Sta. Barbara, Col. Jewett.

69/11}14|16 tonquata, Gla! itcis. thts ans ~<tcivingd Peadeatanhtnieenaes “Obtained at Sta. Barb.”

61} 6)14)17|Sigaretus debilis, G1d.........ccccecccecescsccccecssenens ...|La Paz, Lieut. Green.

G2). walks .- asciglaaa bisttiata; Cpr sid.vtes is vecidersastdetiecencess Panama, teste Gld.

BS icshaes ALfOlivetiie Intorta, Cpr... ie eavdilabatedssvadendeeretton neces San Juan, Lieut. Green.

G4) Jalsa avi Marginella Jew ettii,: Cyd. ~. vic. cee siteadcaperwbstacteauns Sta. Barbara, Col. Jewett.

Gat £1. ...|Columbella Santa-Barbarensis, Cpr....... bade waeu deena’ Sta. Barbara, Col. Jewett.

66}...|... y. «pMitidella Gouldii, Cyr..si:..; cence dd eves wacexwattauneen Sta. Barbara, Col. Jewett.

67\12)1 4/18) Fuss ambustus, Glan wc lleiciviaccdecies tdtadee eter ....(Mazatlan, Lieut. Green.

68/33}...|... Purpura pasa, Gide... iiccsciccccccscccasied seddcarctey sedes W. coast America.

= Purpura patula, auct.

Collected by Col. Jewett.

N.B.—The Numbers refer to Dr. Gould’s MS. lists. The habitats in zfalics claim most

authority.

Pholas concamerata, Desh. 85. Mon-| Corbula tenuis, Sow. “?=alba, Phil.” 79.
terey. Mazatlan.

Osteodesma nitida, Gld. (San Blas: Mus. Sang erie ia grandis, Gmel., Hds, 211.
Cum.) 181. Sta. Barbara. San Francisco.

Corbula bicarinata, Sow. (dead valves). | Amphidesma roseum, Gld. (not Sow.) =
9. Sta. Barbara. decisa, Conr. 3. Sta. Barbara.

polychroma, Sow. [Gulf Calif. Lieut. | Tellina tersa, Gld. 71*. Panama € not

Shipley.| 8. Sta. Barbara. Maz.”’).

ovulata, Gld. =nasuta, Sow. 10.| “ Strigilla fucata, Gld. =Tellina feke,
Sta, Barbara. (Dead valves.) | Ad,” (=S. carnaria.) 194, Panama.

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.

Donazx navicula, Hanl. 74. Panama.
rostratus, C. B. Ad. = culminatus,
B.M. Cat. 37. Sta. Barbara, “ very
plentiful.” [?] Non Nutt.
Californicus, Conr. 37*. Sta.Barb.
gracilis, Hanl. 183. Sta. Barbara.
flexuosus, Gld. Sta. Barbara.
Mactra Californica, Conr. 71*. Pan. [?]
angulata, Gray. 109. Panama.
Petricola lamellifera, Conr. = Cordiert,
Desh. 88, 107.. Monterey (do. Hart-
weg). (Young shell has radiating ribs
like Venus gnidia, &c.)
— lamellifera, var. = Cordieri, Desh.
88. Monterey.
carditoides, Conr. ?= cylindracea,
Desh. 84. Monterey, with Bryozoon.
. 2+ P. Californica, Conr. = arcuata,
Desh.
Venus discors, Sow. 228, 229. Panama.
, Gld. =grata, Say. 28. Guay-

mas.
amathusia, Phil. 231. Panama.
— gnidia, Sow. 227. Panama.
Anomalocardia subrugosa, Sow. 230. Pan.
Tapes tenerrima, Cpr. 187. Panama.
Cytherea lupinaria, Less. 117. Mazatlan.
-—— afinis, Gld. =tortuosa, Brod. 111.
Panama.
aurantia, Hanl. 124. Mazatlan.
Sta. Barbara. [? |
Trigona crassatelloides,. Conr. 2.
Barbara.

——

——. |

Sta.

113. Mazatlan. [?]

2? radiata, var. Hinds, but more

resembles the Tr. mactroides. Dead

valves. 189. Acapulco.

planulata, Sow. 94. Mazatlan.

tantillus, Gld. 14. Sta. Barbara.

Dosinia Dunkeri, Phil. 112. Panama.
Cardita volucris, Gld. =affinis, Rve. ?
Cardium biangulatum, Sow. 78. Panama.

— obovale, Sow. 184. Panama.

— graniferum, Brod.& Sow. 191. Maz.

gemmatum, 595.

maculosum, Kien. 153. “ Panama’’

a prima manu, and probably correct ;

afterwards altered to ‘‘ San Francisco.”
Lucina orbella, Gld. ? = Diplodonta semi-

aspera, var. 83. Sta. Barbara.

* Modiola recta, Conr. 87. Sta. Barbara.

Lithophagus falcatus, Glad. =L.Gruneri,

Phil. 86. Monterey.
Arca gradata, Brod. & Sow. 84.
zatlan.

2? Ma-

, Brod. & Sow. 8. Monterey.
concinna, Gld. = similis, C. B. Ad.
=tuberculosa, var. 82. ? Mazatlan.
— tuberculosa, Sow. 236. Lower Cal.

—— grandis, Sow. 186, Panama.

229

Arca nux, Sow. 186 bis. Panama.
Pacifica, Sow. Panama.
alternata, Sow. 81. ? Mazatlan.

, sp.ind. Dead valves. 185. ?
Pectunculus inequalis, Gld. = assimilis,
teste Cum. 4. Sta. Barbara. [?|
—— ? tessellatus. (Dead valves.) 190.
? Mazatlan.
-——— parcipictus, Sow. 77. Mazatlan.
Nucula polita, 223. Sta. Barbara.
Avicula sterna, Gid. 93. Panama.
Lima angulata, Sow. 180. Acapulco.
Pecten monotimeris, Conr. + latrauritus,
teste Nutt. 179. Sta. Barbara.
Bulla cerealis, Gld. 20. Sta. Barbara.
—— punctulata, A. Ad. 56. Acapulco.
culcitella, Gld. 62. Sta. Barbara.

Siphonaria gigantea. 206. Acapulco.
Chiton ornatus, Nutt. 197. Sta. Barbara.
—— lineatus, Wood. 198. Panama.

*“muscosus, G. == Collet, Rve.”? =
Hindsti, Sow. 199. Panama.

—— Stokesii, Brod. 200. San Francisco.

—— Californicus, Gld. = scaber, Rve.
201. Sta. Barbara.

— Sitkensis, Rve.
202. Monterey [?].

Acmea paliacea, Glad. alaeene depicta,
Hds. 8. Sta. Barbara.

Nacella incessa, Hds. (from kelp). 6.
Sta. Barbara.

Acmea patina, var. Esch. (= tessellata,
Nutt.) 7. Sta. Barbara.

gigantea, = Kochii,

Monterey.

pintadina, Gld. = verriculata, Rve.

= patina, var. Esch. 207. San Franc.

scabra, Gld. = spectrum, Nutt.
210. San Francisco.

—— scabra, Nutt. 209. Monterey.

— , Nutt. 211. Sta. Barbara.

-—— persona, Esch. = Oregona, Nutt.
211 dis.

mesoleuca, var. 214. Acapulco.

Halhiotis Cracherodii, Leach. 183. Mon-
terey.

rufescens, Swains. 182. Monterey.

Trochus ) picoides, Gld. 203. “? Sta. Bars
bara.”

Buschii, Phil.

115. Panama.

»Sp.ind. 216. Mazatlan.

—— (Omphalus dentatus, Gmel.) 216 bis.
Acapulco. This appears to be the com-
mon small smooth W. Indian species ;
probably imported. :

Panamensis, Phil. 217. Panama.

reticulatus, Gld. = Omphalus viri-

dulus, Gmel. =Byronianus, Gray. 219.

Mazatlan,

= eas Midd.

Phil. 9s.

?=inermis, Gmel.

230

Trochus Antonii, var.
from kelp.

—— mestus. 129. Sta. Barbara.

ligatus, Gld. =filosus, Nutt. (closely

resembles dolarius). 11. Monterey.
dolarius. 10. Sta. Barbara.

Norristi, Sow. 120. Sta. Barbara.

ater, Less. = gallina, Forbes. 116.
Monterey.

Turbo saxosus, Wood. 226. Panama.

pustulatus, Gld. (may be tessellatus

or saxosus, jun. Cum.) 46. Acapulco.
squamigera, Rve. (Galapagos, Cum.)
218. Panama.

Phasianella compta, Gld. 12,25. S.Barb.

Nerita elegans (probably scabricosta, var.).
234. Panama.

“ Neritina harpeformis :”’ probably a lap-
sus for Columbella h. Taboga.

Capulus. 213. Sta. Barbara.

Hipponyx Grayanus, Mke. = radiatus,
Gray. 205. Panama.

,sp.ind. 203. Taboga.

2? subrufa, Sow. (white, rubbed).
213. ?Sta. Barbara.

Calyptrea regularis, C.B.Ad. =Galerus
mammillaris, Brod. 148. Sta. Barbara.

mammillaris, Brod. 215. Acapulco.

.sp-ind. ?—

Crucibulum spinosum, Sow. (dead). 148
bis. Sta. Barbara.

Jewett. 150. Mazatlan.

2 imbricatum, Sow. 212. Acapulco.

Crepidula excavata, Brod. 225. Sta. Barb.

(like squama; apex gone). 1051.
Sta. Barbara.

— (? hepatica =) onyx, Sow. Mazatlan
[teste list, probably correct: Sta. Bar-
bara, ticket ].

rostriformis, Gld. = adunca, Sow.

149. Sta. Barbara.

= incurva, Brod.

9. Sta. Barbara,

149. Sta
Barbara.

Turritella goniostoma, Val. 235. Panama.

Modulus dorsuosus, Gld. =disculus, Phil.
47. Acapulco.

catenulatus, Phil. 48. Acapulco.

Narica ovoidea, Gld. =Isapis o., H. and
A.Ad. 17. Mazatlan.

Lacuna. 47. Sta. Barbara.

Litorina (? Lacuna) unifasciata, Cpr.
23,172. Sta. Barbara.

puncticulata, Phil. =conspersa, var.

174. 2? Panama.

? pusillus, Phil. 50. Panama.

planawis, Nutt., Phil. = tenebrata,
Nutt. 100. San Francisco.

— aspera, Phil. 173. Panama. —

Rissoina ambigua, Gld. 14. “ Valpai-
reiso, Mex.”

REPORT—-1856, ij

Planaxis planicostata (called sulcata,
Lam.). 53,58. Panama.
Vertagus gemmatus, Hds. 55. ?— |
Cerithium maculosum, Kien. 153. Pan.
(a pr. man. bene, postea San Francisco).
Cerithidea sacrata, Gld. == Pirena Cali-
fornica, Nutt. 102. San Francisco.
Montagnei, D’Orb. 13. Panama.
solida, Gld. = valida, C. B. Ad. =
varicosa, Sow. 68. Panama.
Bittium (rubbed). 31. Sta. Barbara.
Ovulum variabile, C.B.Ad. = Californi-
cum, Mus. Cum. No.34 on kelp thrown
up after storm. 32-34. Sta. Barbara.
Erato scabriuscula, Gray. 26. ? Mazatlan.
leucophea, Gld. [Mazatlan, Rev. —_
Steele.] 28. Sta. Barbara.
os . Comp. E. columbella, Mke.
27*, 30. 2? Mazatlan.
? Jewettii, Cpr. 30. Sta. Barbara.
Cyprea radians, Lam. 136. Panama.
spadicea, Swains. 118. Sta. Barb.
punctulata, Gray. 108. Panama. -
pustulata, Lam. 130. Panama.
pediculus, Linn. (dead). 131. Aca
pulco [? imported].
Pacifica, Gray. 131*. Acapulco.
suffusa, Gray. 132. Acapulco. |
Californica, Gray. 133. Sta. Barb. —
sanguinea, Sow. 134. Panama.
Solandri, Gray. 135. Panama.
Cancellaria brevis, Sow. Acapulco.
clavatula, Sow. 4. Taboga.
Strombus granulatus, Sow. 47,70. Pan.
Terebra, sp. ind. 17, Sta. Barbara.
robusta, Hds. 119. Panama.
Defrancia bella, Hds. 18. Sta. Barbara,
on zoophytes.
? Mangelia. [Perhaps this is the Drillia
albovallosa.| 223. Panama.
Conus ravus, Gld. 5. Sta. Barbara.
160. Acapulco.
comptus,Gld. =worn purpurascens,
jun., teste Cuming. 121. Sta. Bard.[?]
pusillus, Gld. 122. Mazatlan.
(young, worn). 29. Sta. Barbara.
Odostomia achates, Gld. =Obeliscus. 17.
Mazatlan.
gravida, Gld. 24, Sta, Barbara.
Chemnitzia tenuicola, Gld. 19. Sta. Barb.
torquata, Gld. 22. Sta. Barbara,
Scalaria statuminata, Sow. (very fine).
240. Taboga.
Scalaria (like venosa, W.I.). ?P.
Natica Souleyetana, Recl. 166, Panam
maroccana, jun. 165. Panama. -
unifasciata (= maroccana, var.)
163. Panama. ~
— Haneti, Recl. 169. Panama.
——, sp. ind. (rubbed). 167, Panama.

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.

Natica zonaria, Lam. (Acapulco, on the
sands, Mus. Cum.) 167 pars. Panama.

s8p.ind. 164. ?—

— uber, Val.=300 +302, C.B.Ad. Pan.
Shells, teste Gld. 168. 2?—

Ficula decussata, Wood. 178. Taboga.

Dolium ringens, Swains. 204. Panama.

Voluta harpa, Barnes. 154. Mazatlan.

Marginella sapotilla, Hds. 110. Panama.

,sp.ind. 27. ? Mazatlan.

Mitra lens, Wood, =foraminata, Swains.
=Dupontii, Kien. 61,69. Panama.
“auriculoides?”? Probably = pica,

Rve. 42. Panama.
Fasciolaria bistriata, Cpr. 175. Panama.
Leucozonia cingulata, Lam. 90. Panama.
Triton, sp. ind. Taboga.
constrictus, Gld. = Persona ridens,
Rve. (St. John’s, Hartweg.) 176.
Acapulco.
? Ranella convoluta, Brod. 6. Taboga.
nitida, Brod. 89. Panama.
celata, Brod. 91. Panama.
Oliva ? eburnea. 159. ? Panama.
petiohta, Gld., ?=rufifasciata, teste
Cum. 15. Sta. Barbara (dead).
plumbea=testacea, Lam. 99. Pan.
angulata, Wood. 107. Taboga.
— biplicata, Sow. 157. Sta. Barbara.
volutella, Lam. 158,161,162. Pan.
Nassa luteostoma, Brod. 52. Panama.
versicolor, C. B. Ad. 117. Acapulco.

collaria, Gid. 49. Panama.
corpulenta,C.B. Ad. 51. Panama.
perpinguis, Hds. 114. Sta. Barbara.
Tritonidea pagodus, Rve. 95. -Panama.
Purpura columellaris, Lam..65. Acapulco.
emarginata, Desh.=Conradi, Nutt.
104. San Francisco.

“undata (2 bicostalis) ” =biserialis,
Blainv. 238. Panama.

, sp. ind. 104. ? Mazatlan.

complanata, Powys. 44. Panama..

231

Purpura sanguinolenta, Desh. = Pisania
hemastoma, Gray. 224. Panama.
kiosquiformis, Ducl. 105. Panama.
septentrionalis (appears =lapillus,
var.). 97. San Francisco (also Nutt.).

melones, Ducl. 106. Panama.

Ricinula 2? carbonaria. 67. Panama.

Monoceros punctatum, Sow.=Ilapilloides,
Conr. 101. San Francisco.

brevidentatum, Brod. [?]. 103. San

Francisco.

unicarinatum. 101. San Francisco.

Columbella gibberula, Sow. (on anchor).
Sta. Barbara.

gibberula, Sow. 16. Taboga.

carinata, Hds. 35. Sta. Barbara.

Gouldii, Cpr. 36. Sta. Barbara.

Santa-Barbarensis, Cpr. 172. Sta.

Barbara.

bicanalifera, Sow. 38. Taboga.

nigricans, Sow. 39,40. Taboga.

guttata, Sow. (Apr.man.=cribraria,

Lam.) 43. Mazatlan.

(worn). 49*. Acapulco.

festiva, Rve. 281. Acapulco.

major, Sow. 54. Panama.

102. Mazatlan.

— hemastoma, Sow. 57, 155. 2? Pan.

rugosa, and var. 221. Panama.

harpeformis, Sow. Taboga.

— ?parva, Sow. 96. ? Panama.

—— maculosa, Sow. ?—

Truncaria modesta, Pow. 152. Panama.

72. Sta. Barbara [?].

Engina ferruginosa, 41. [?W. I. im-
ported. |

crocostoma, Rve. 6/7.
[Galap. Cuming.]

Concholepas Peruviana, Lam. 139. Pa-
nama | surely imported].

Fusus, sp. ind. 175. Panama.

Cyrtulus distortus, Gray. 75. Panama.

Murex Nuttalli, Conr. 92. Panama [?].

—_——__—.

Panama,

Collected by Lieut. G'reen.

Pholas ovoidea, Gld. 181. San Diego.

Californica, Conr.=Janellii, Desh.
182. San Diego.

— penita, Conr. 184. San Diego.

Platyodon cancellata, Conr. 162. San
Diego.

Osteodesma Californica, Cour. 192, San
Diego.

* Anatina argentaria, Conr.=Periploma
plamuscula, Sow.” =Periploma Leana,
teste Cuming. 27. Guaymas.

Thracia granulosa, Gld.=plicata, Desh.
10. La Paz.

Solen maximus, Wood=Nuttalli, Cony.
21. San Francisco.

Solecurtus Californianus, Gld.=subteres,
Conr. 188, 189. San Diego.

** Sangunolaria miniata,’ Gld. = pur
purea, Desh. 37. San Juan.

Psammobia decora, Hds.=Sanguinolaria
Nuttalli, Conr. 140. San Diego.

Cumingia Californica, Cony. 171, 195,
196. San Diego.

Semele decisa, Conr. 134. San Diego,

flavicans, Gld.=S. proxima, B. M.

Cat., not C. B. Ad. 191. San Diego.

932

Semele rubrolineata, Cony. = S. simplex,
A. Ad. teste Cum.* 141. San Diego.

Tellina [resembling Swénsoni, Morch,
Brazil,and T. calcarea]. 142. San Diego.

—— gemma, Gid. 198. San Juan.

—— pura, Gld. 197. San Diego.

5/7, Mazatlan.

secta, Conr. 139. San Diego.

nasuta, Conr. 147. San Diego.

vicina, C. B. Ad. 130. ? Mazatlan.

— ——,C.B. Ad. 188. Acapulco.

regia, Hanl. 52. Mazatlan.

—

Donazx punctatostriatus, Hanl. 55. Ma-
zatlan.
earinatus, Han]. 93. Mazatlan.

Californicus, Conr. = levigatus,
Desh. 159. San Diego.

abruptus, Gid.= Californicus, Conr.
var. 160. San Diego.
Californicus, Conr. var.
Diego.

161. San

, var. 199. San Juan.
Mactra (Lutraria) nasuta, Gld. [? =fal-
cata]. 49. 2? Mazatlan; San Pedro.
Californica, Cour. 100. ? Mazatlan.
Lutraria ventricosa, Gld.=Mactra exo-
leta, Gray.. 50. 2? Mazatlan.

undulata, Gld. 9. La Paz.

Gnathodon mendicus, Gld. = Rangia tri-
gona, Petit. 95. 2 Mazatlan.

“Saxidomus Nuttalli, Cony. = Venerupis
Petitw, Desh.”” = Tapes maxima, Phil.
156. Monterey.

Sazicava carditoides, Cony.
? Monterey.

Cordieri, Desh.= Venus lamellifera,

. Conr. 107. Monterey.

»ep.snd. Ll. LaPaz.

—— pholadis (Desh., Guér. Mag. 1841,
pl. 40). 29. San Diego.

Petricola bulbosa, Gld.=robusta, Sow.
31. Guaymas.

dactylus, Sow. (very rare). 11.
Paz.

Venus, sp. ind. 124. ? Mazatlan.

amathusia, Phil. 83,59. Mazatlan,

. 53. Mazatlan.

Columbiensis. 85,87. Guaymas.

gnidia, Sow. 63. Mazatlan.

straminea, Conr. 22. Guaymas.

reticulata. 17. La Paz.

simillima, Sow. 172. San Diego.

Californiensis, Brod. (not Conr.),

Mus. Cum. 146. San Diego.

140, L111.

La

—_——.

‘Cardium Panamense, Sow. 84.

REPORT—1856. “ug

Venus Petitii, var.=straminea, var. teste
Nutt. 185. San Diego.

Californicus, jun., Conr.=compta,

Mus. Cum. 171. San Diego.

» = compta, Mus. Cum. 61.

Mazatlan.

fluctifraga, Glad. =Nuttalli, Cresent
(non Desh.)+. 145. San Diego. :

Anomalocardia subrugosa, Sow. 58. Maz. ©

Dione circinata(Mazatlan, Rev.—Steele).
73. ? Mazatlan.

rosea. 62. Mazatlan.

dione, Gld.=TJupinaria, Less.

Is. 3 Marias.

biradiata, Gray=D. Chionea. 7.
La Paz.

Dosinia Dunkeri, Phil. 56. ?Mazatlan.

gigantea, Sow. 19. La Paz.

saccata, Gld.= Cyclinasubquadrata,
Hanl. 99. Mazatlan.

Trigona crassatelloides, Conr.
Diego.

__

129.

153. San

. 94. Mazatlan. [?]
corbicula, Gld. =radiata, Sow. 122.
? Mazatlan.
Chama Pacifica, Gld.=C. frondosa, var.
Mewicana. On Vermetus. 24. Guaym.
exogyra, Cony. San Pedro.
, with C. venosa. 150. San
Diego.

pellucida. 176. San Diego.
Cardita afinis, Gld. =Californica, Desh.
26. Guaymas.

? Maz.

xvanthocheilum, Gld.=luteolabrum,
Gld. 132. San Diego.

-—— Nuttalli, Conr. = Calforniense,
Desh. 138. San Diego.

substriatum, Cony. 158. San Diego.

elatum, Sow. 194. San Diego.

Diplodonta orbella, Gld.[do. Nutt.) 137,
138. San Diego.

Lucina punctata, Linn. 16. La Paz. -

, Linn. 136. San Diego.

Cyrena altilis, Gld.=Mewicana, var. 79.
? Mazatlan.

Anodon ciconia, Gld. 48. ?Mexico.

Mytilus, sp. ind. 47. San Francisco.

Modiola, sp.ind. 20. San Francisco,

capax, jun. 173. San Diego.

, Conr., very large valve. 4.

La Paz.
Lithophagus falcatus, Gld. = Gruneri,
Phil. 117. Monterey.

-

* The locality given to SSsimplex by Lieut. Belcher is “ China Seas; but, as in the case

of Dosinia simplex, is almost certainly erroneous.
+ This is the V. callosa (quasi Conr.) of Deshayes.

The specimen is marked “? Stutchburyi ;”

which is a closely allied species from the Pacific Islands, with differently shaped teeth, no —
posterior crenations, and displaying a few Cardium-like intercalations at the margin.

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA, 233

Lithophagus attenuatus, Desh. 180. San
Diego.

, sp.ind. 183. San Diego.

Pectunculus giganteus, Rve. 32. Guaymas.

assimilis, Sow. 86. ? Mazatlan.

Avicula sterna, Gld. 60. 2? Mazatlan.

Meleagrina, sp. 80. ? Mazatlan.

Perna flexuosa, Sow. = Chemnitziana,
D’Orb. 81. Mazatlan.

>= Chemnitziana. 103. La Paz.

Pecten ? purpuratus = ventricosus, Sow.,

with Bivonia indentata. 144. ?San
_ Diego.
latiauritus, Cony. + monotimeris,
teste Nutt. 131. San Diego.
nodosus. 3. La Paz.

dentatus, Sow. 6. La Paz.
Hinnites gigantea, Gray =H. Poulsoni,
Conr. 1834. 149. San Diego.
Spondylus “varians, Sow.” 1. La Paz.
*““nictorum, Chem.= crassisquama,
Lam.” 2. La Paz.
Ostrea Cumingiana, Dkr. 5. La Paz.
palmula, Cpr. 147. San Diego.
conchaphila, Cpr., 1*5 in. long ; very
thin; (Oregon, San Diego, Nuitt.), no
tendency to crenations ; striped. 174.
San Diego.
Bulla nebulosa, Gld. 175. San Diego.
Bulimus vegetus, Gld.=pallidior, Sow.
San Juan.
Helix tudiculata, Binney. 151. San Diego.
Kellettii, Forbes. 152. San Diego.
Melampus olivaceus, Cpr. 193. San Diego.
Chiton articulatus, Br. 74. Mazatlan.
Blainvillet, Br. 133. San Diego.
Magdalenensis,Hds. 72. Mazatlan.
Patellu Mexicana, Lam. 67. Mazatian.
——- discors, Phil. 125. Mazatlan.
Acmea? 125. ? Mazatlan.
gigantea=Kochu, Phil. 166. San
Diego.
pintadina, Gld.=verriculata, Rve.
_ ==patina, var. 66. Mazatlan [?].
,==mesoleuca, Mke. 65. Ma-

zatlan.
, = leucophea, Nutt.= pelta,
Esch. 75. Mazatlan [2].

-— , =fascicularis, Mke. 164,
177. San Tiiego.
—- 2? 167. San Diego.

, =scabra, Nutt., var. 168,178.
_ San Diego.

— ——., =Oregona, var. Nutt. =per-
sona, Esch. 169. San Diego.

‘scabra, Gld. = spectrum, Nutt.

179. San Diego.

? spectrum, var. [May be an arau-

cana, D’Orb., imported from Valpa-

raiso].; 64. Mazatlan [?].

Acmea patina, var. cinis, Rve. 116. Mont.

, var. tessellata, Nutt. 165.
San Diego.
? Fissurella. 163. San Diego.

virescens, Sow. 70. Mazatlan.

volcano, Sow. 163. San Diego.

Turbo fluctuosus, Wood= Fokkesii, Jonas.
148. San Diego.

120. Mazatlan.

Trochus unguis, Wood =digitatus. 108.
? Mazatlan.

—— filosus.

157. San Diego.

dolarius. 115. Monterey.

virgineus. 114. Monterey.

olivaceus, Wd. 92. ? Mazatlan. (A

specimen, no. 388, marked ‘‘ Sandwich

Is.’ must have been imported there.)

Montereyi, Kien. = Pfeifferi, Phil.
113. Monterey.

— (Omphalius) fuscescens, Phil. 123.
? Mazatlan. (The O. Californicus, A.
Ad., appears to be only a flattened var.
of.this shell.)

“ qureotinctus, Fbs. = cateniferus,

Pot.” 186. San Diego.

striatulus, Kien.=brunneus, Phil.
Mus. Cum. 187. San Diego.

-—— pyriformis, Gld.=gallina, var. M.
Cum. 155. San Diego.

Nerita multiyjugis, Mke. = scabricosta,
Lam. 118. Panama.

Bernhardi, Recl.. Guaymas.

Neritina picta, Sow. 126. St. Michael.

Calyptrea regularis, C. B. Ad.=Galerus
mamillaris, Brod. 51. Mazatlan.

Crucibulum spinosum, Sow. 190. S. Diego.

Crepidula explanata, Gld. = exuviata,
Nutt.=perforans, Val. 112. Monterey.

Aletes squamigerus, Cpr. San Pedro.

Modulus “? disculus, Phil.’ (perhaps ca-
tenulatus, Phil.). 82. Mazatlan.

Cerithium irroratum, Gld.=stercusmus-
carum, Val. 78. Mazatlan.

Cerithidea fuscata, Gld.= sacrata, var.
teste Nutt. San Diego.

Potamis Hegewischii, Gld. = Cerithi-
dea varicosa, var. Mazatlanica. 71.
Mazatlan.

Ovulum variabile, C. B. Ad. =Californi-
cum, Mus. Cum. 56. San Juan.

Cyprea radians, Lam. 68. Mazatlan.

Cancellaria goniostoma, Sow. 56. Ma-
zatlan.

Strombus gracilior, Sow. 8. La Paz.

Terebra arguta, Gld. = fulgurata, Phil.
35*, San Juan.

Conus regularis, Sow. 23,25. Guaymas.

princeps, Linn. 90. San Juan,

,sp.ind, 33. Guaymas.

——, sp.ind, 35, Guaymas,

234

Solarium ? quadriceps, Hds. (dead). 106.
Mazatlan.
Natica patula, Sow. 77. Mazatlan.
maroccana= Pritchardi, Forbes. 96.
?Guaymas. Specimens exactly like,
are in Mus. Cum. from Soe. Is.
bifasciata, 97. 2? Guaymas.
Recluziana. 154. San Diego.
Sigaretus debilis, Gld. 98. La Paz.
Ficula ventricosa, Sow.=decussata. 121.
? Mazatlan.
Cassis coarctata (dead). 89. San Juan.
Oniscia tuberculosa, Sow. 38. San Juan.
Oliva porphyria, Linn. 14. La Paz.
?eburnea. 34. San Juan.
—,sp.ind. 41. San Juan.
tergina, Ducl. 42, 43. San Juan.
intorta. 44. San Juan.
splendidula, Sow. 104. La Paz.

REPORT—1856.

Purpura patula, Linn. 40. La Pas (list).
San Juan (ticket).

emarginata. 12. La Paz.

biserialis, Blainv. 101. La Paz.

kiosquiformis, Ducl. 88. La Paz.

,Sp.ind. 13. La Paz.

Monoceros muricatum, Brod. ? St. Juan.

tuberculatum, Gray. 39,91. S.Juan.

Columbella (gibbosa =) strombiformis,
Lam. 102. Mazatlan.

Buccinum? 33*. San Juan.

Fusus ambustus, Gld. [exactly resembles
the Mediterranean sp.] 128. ? Mazatl.

pallidus, Gray. 119. Guaymas.

Pyrula patula, Br.& Sow. 69. Mazatlan.

—- lignaria, Gray. 119. Guaymas.

Murex bicolor, Val. 15. La Paz.

brassica, Lam. 76. Mazatlan.

—— plicatus, Sow. 109. ?San Juan.

Collected by Major Rich.

Pholas ovoidea, Gld. Upper Cal.
Californica, Conr. Upper Cal.
Sanguinolaria Nuttalli,Cour. San Pedro.
Solecurtus subteres, Conr. Monterey.
Tellina secta, Conr. Monterey.
nasuta, Conr. Lower Cal.
Cumingit, Sow. 2—
Bodegensis, Hds. Monterey.
Tellidora Burneti, Brod. Lower Cal.
Cumingia Californica, Cour. Monterey.
Lutraria? Lower Cal.
Platyodon cancellata, Cony.
Saxidomus Nuttalli, Conr. ?—
Saxicava carditoides, Conr. Lower Cal.
lamellifera, Conr. Upper Cal.
Petricola robusta, Sow. ?—
Dosinia gigantea, Sow. Gulf Calif.
Dione chionea, Mke. Lower Cal.
rosea, Brod.=lepida, Chen. Lower
California.
Trigona planulata, Sow. Lower Cal.
—— crassatelloides, Conr. Lower Cal.
corbicula, Gld. = radiata, Sow.
Lower Calif.
argentina, Sow. Upper California|? }.
Venus amathusia, Phil. Lower Cal.
gnidia, Brod. Lower Cal.
— straminea, Conr. Lower Cal.
Californiensis, Brod., not Conr.
Lower Cal. & San Pedro.
Chama rugosa. Lower Cal.
echinata. Lower Cal.
Cardita affinis, Gld.=Californica, Desh.
Lower Cal.
Cardium Panamense, Sow. Lower Cal.’
Californiense, Conr. Upper Cal.
consors, Br. & Low. Lower Cal.
Lucina ‘*? bella (see tigrina).”’ LowerCal.
Californica, Lower Cal.

Upper Cal.

Alasmodon falcata, Gld. Upper Cal.
Mytilus Californianus, Conr. Upper Cal.
glomeratus, Gld. San Francisco. —
Modiola flabellum, Gld. ?— 1
divaricata, Gld.? =Crenella coarc-
tata, Dkr. Upper Cal. [?]
Lithophagus falcatus, Gld. Upper Cal.
2cinnamomea. ?—
Arca grandis, Sow. Lower Cal.
formosa. Lower Cal.
— tuberculosa, Sow. Lower Cal.
multicostata, Sow. Lower Cal.
reversa, Gray=hemicardium, Koch.
Lower Cal.
(large rhomboid), probably grandis,
var. Gulf Cal.
Perna? Californica, Conr. Lower Cal. [?]
Pecten ventricosus, Sow. Lower Cal.
latiauritus, Conr. + monotimeris,
Conr. Upper Cal.
nodosus. Lower Cal.
Lima tetrica, Gid. Lower Cal.

Spondylus ‘ pictorum, Chem.” Lower —

Cal
Placunanomia macroschisma, Desh.

Monterey.
Bulla nebulosa, Gld. Lower Cal.
Bulimus vesicalis, Gld. (probably young,

Cuming). Lower Cal.
excelsus, Gld. Lower Cal. :
Helix Californiensis, Lea. Upper Cal.
Scurria mitra, Esch. & Less.
Fissurella virescens, Sow. Upper Cal. [?]
crenulata, Sow. Monterey.
Pomaulax undosus, Wood. Upper Cal.
Trochus mestus. Lower Cal.
filosus. ad 9 Cal. -
— dolarius. ee Cal.

virgineus, Upper Cal.

pper Cal. —

Ts

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA,

Trochus ater, Less. [?=] gallina Up. Cal.
Trochiscus Norrisii, Sow. Upper Cal.
Uvanilla olivacea, Wood. Lower Cal.
Neritina picta, Sow. Lower Cal.
Crucibulum spinosum, Sow. San Pedro,
Lower Cal.
tenue, Brod.=spinosum, var. Lower
Cal.
rude, Brod. Lower Cal.
dentatum, Mke. Lower Cal.
imbricatum |? cujus|. ?—

Calyptrea (like equestris), probably ce-

pacea. Lower Cal.
Galerus conicus, Brod. ?—
mammillaris, Brod. ?—
Crepidula onyx, Sow. Lower Cal.
— excavata, Brod. Lower Cal.
aculeata (teste Gld.). Lower Cal.
— (like) dilatata. Lower Cal.
?squama. Lower Cal.
Litorina planaxis, Nutt. Upper Cal.
Planaxis planicostata. ?—
Cyprea spadicea, Gray. Monterey.
zonata, Gray = Sowerbyi, Rve.
Lower Cal.

arabicula. Lower Cal.
Cancellaria obesa, Sow., ? =urceolata,
Hds. La Paz.

solida, Sow. La Paz.

cassidiformis, Sow. La Pax.

candida, Sow. Gulf Cal.

—— goniostoma, Sow. Gulf Cal.

Strombus gracilior, Sow. Lower Cal.

granulatus, Sow. Lower Cal.

Terebra variegata, Gray. (Guaymas, Mus.
Cum.) Lower Cal.

Pleurotoma maculosa, Sow. Lower Cal.

235

Conus trochulus, Rve. Upper Cal.

interruptus, Brod. & Sow. Lower
California.

Solarium quadriceps, Hds. Lower Cal.

Natica Chemnitzii, Phil. Lower Cal.

bifasciata. Lower Cal.

Mitra lens, Wood. Lower Cal.

mermis. ?2—

Cassis coarctata, Sow. Lower Cal.

Leucozonia cingulata, Sow. Lower Cal.

Ranella ventricosa. 2—

Triton Chemnitzii, Gld. (lapsu) = sipho-
natus, Rve. Lower Cal.

Tritonidea pagodus, Rve. Lower Cal.

Nassa luteostoma, Brod. Lower Cal.

Oliva splendidula, Sow. Lower Cal.

testacea, Lam. Lower Cal.

— biplicata, Sow. Lower Cal.

volutella, Lam. Lower Cal.

2 tegrina. Lower Cal.

Columbella fuscata, Sow. Tower Cal.

coniformis. Lower Cal.

Purpura columellaris, Lam. Lower Cal.

biserialis, Blainv. Lower Cal.

emarginata, Desh. Lower Cal.

kiosquiformis, Ducl. ?—

muricata, Gray. Lower Cal.

Monoceros punctatum, Sow. Upper Cal.

brevidentatum, Wood. ?—

cymatum, Sow. ?—~

crassilabrum, Sow. Upper Cal. [?]

unicarinatum. ?—

globulus, [2cujus]. 2—

Vitularia salebrosa,King=vitulina,Gray.
Lower Cal.

Murex bicolor, Val. Lower Cal.

folatus=pinniger, Brod. ?—

48. The first important contribution to the local fauna of the Gulf of

California was made by Dr. Menke; who, having received from his friend
M. Heinrich Melchers, of Bremen, a number of shells which he had himself
collected at Mazatlan, proceeded to catalogue and describe them in the
“ Zeitschrift fiir Malacozoologie,” Dec. 1847, pp. 177-191. Here, for the
first time in the history of West N. American Mollusca, we have an attempt
to present a complete geographical list, of known as well as supposed new
species, collected in a particular district. For the example thus set, and for
the record of the labours of M. Melchers, Dr. Menke deserves well of
science; but it does not appear that his identification of species is always
sound ; nor is it in every case easy to make out his descriptions of new
forms. ‘The paper is entitled “ Verzeichniss einer Sendung von Conchylien
von Mazatlan, mit einigen Kritischen Bemerkungen,” and contains notes on
the following species :—

No.

1. Siphonaria lecanium, Phil.

2. Litorina aspera, Phil.

3. Turritella imbricata, {[Mke. quasi]
Lam.=T. tigrina, Kien.

No.

4. Vermetus glomeratus, [Mke. quasi]
(Rouss.), Linn. ?=Bivoniacontorta,

5. Natica iostoma, Mke. ‘“ Resembles
N. canrena,” ?=N.maroccana, var.

15.

34.

. Natica maroccana, Chemn. (Koch)=

N. Chemniizi, Pfr.

. Nerita multijugis, Mke.=N. scabri-

costa, Lam., teste Mke. postea.

. Turbo fluctuosus, Wood.
. Solarium granulatum, [Mke. quasi]

Lam.

. Cerithium ocellatum, [Mke. quasi]

Brug.=C. stercusmuscarum, Val.

. Buccinum sanguinolentum, Ducl. =

Pollia kemastoma, Gray.
gemmulatum, Rve. non Lam.
nec Kien.=Pisania gemmata.
giluum, Mke. Appears to be an
Anachis, possibly coronata.

. Terebra fulgurata, Phil.

Purpura hemastoma, [Mke. quasi]
Lam.=P. biserialis, Blainv. var.
bicostalis, Rve.=P. biserialis,

Blainy.

atromarginata, ‘‘Blaimv., Desh.
=P. cancellata, Kien.” (New
Hebrides.)

. Columbella strombiformis, Lam.

major, Sow.
harpeformis, Sow.

. Murex brassica, Lam.=M. ducalis,

Brod.

. Ficula decussata=Pyrula ventricosa,

Sow.

. Conus achatinus, [Mke.quasi]| Brug.

=C. purpureus or regalitatis.

. Olwwa tergina, Ducl.

zonalis, Lam.

. Erato columbella, Mke.
. Cyprea arabicula, Lam.

Sowerbyi, “ Rve. = C. zonata,
Gray, not Chemn.”

sanguinea, Gray.

Solandri, Gray.

pustulata, Lam.

; Crepidula costata, |Mke. quasi] Sow.

=C. aculeata, var.

hepatica, [Mke. quasi] Desh.
= C.incurva, Brod.,not C. hepatica,

-C. B. Ad.

uncata, Mke.=C. adunca, Sow.

No.

35.

REPORT—1856.

Calyptrea dentata, Mke. “=C. ru-
gosa, Less. in Guér. Mag. non Desh. —
= C. extinctorium, Sow. non Lam.”
= Crucibulum imbricatum,
B. M. Maz. Cat. p. 287. no. 343.

imbricata, Sow.

Lamarckii, Desh. (Australia).

. Hipponyx australis, [Mke. quasi}

Lam.=H. serratus.

. Fissurella pica, Sow.

chlorotrema, Mke.=F. rugosa,
Sow.

humilis, Mke.=F. rugosa, var.
gemmata, Mke. ?=F. alba, jun.

. Acmea mitella, Mke.
. Pecten adspersus, Sow. (Tumbez,

Peru.)

. Avicula Atlantica, [Mke. quasi] Lam.

=A. sterna, Gld.

. Arca ? ovata, Rve.
. Mytilus = M. spatula, Mke. in Zeit.

f. Mal. 1848, p. 2. Possibly = Mo-
diola capaz, jun.

. Modiola=M. semilevis, Mke. in Zeit.

f. Mal. 1848, p. 5.

. Cardita afinis, [Mke. quasi] Sow.=

C. Californica.

. Cardium muricatum, [Mke. quasi] —

Linn. ?=C. radula, Brod. & Sow.
procerum, Sow.

. Donax ? compressus, [Mke. quasi]

Lam. ?=D. assimilis, Hanl.

. Tellina cicercula, Phil.
. Cytherea corbicula{Mke. quasi] Lam.

=Trigona radiata.

argentina, Sow.

semifulva, Mke. ?= Trigona
radiata, vay.
chionea, Mke.= Dionesqualida,
Sow. + biradiata, Gray. ?+ D. ele-
gans, Koch.

. Venus cancellata, [Mke. quasi] Linn.

2=Chione amathusia: but yv. B. M.
Maz. Cat. p. 80. no. 113.

. Corbula 2ustulata, Rve. Onerubbed

valve.

Of the 45 species here quoted from other authors, the following 15 do

not belong to the fauna:—Nos. 3, 4, 9, 10, 15, 17, 23, 32, 37, 38, 45, 50,

52, 54, 58.

It is fair to suppose, either that the writer has erred in his
diagnoses, or that shells have been imported.

In most cases, as very similar

species really are found at Mazatlan, it is natural to adopt the former

alternative.

In other cases, as in nos. 20 and 44, the species inhabit the

coast, but their presence at Mazatlan wants the confirmation of the Reigen

collection.
information can be given.

Of the shells intended by nos. 17, 28, 37, 46, 48, & 59, no
Of the entire 59 species, accepting the altered

nomenclature, which would reduce the number to 55, 40 are certainly, and

var. -

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 237

five probably, members of the fauna: of the remaining ten, it is unsafe to
hazard a conjecture. :

The above analysis has been attempted, partly in order to show the diffi-
culties attendant upon all inquiries of this kind. Here is a collection made
on a single spot by a competent gentleman*, and déscribed by a concholo-
gist of acknowledged superiority, the editor of one of the very few strictly
Conchological Journals; and yet only 32 can be accepted in the state in
which they are presented, the remaining 27 containing errors either of col-
lection or of description. If such is the work of a master, the readers of
this Report will accept with due caution the labours of a mere student.

49. But if there is so much doubt attaching to Menke’s first list, there is
still more in the principal list which follows. In the Zezt. f. Mal. 1850, no. 11,
Dr. Menke informs us that since his last paper, M. Melchers had again
visited Mazatlan, and had investigated the shells of that region with great
zeal and perseverance, and no little sacrifice of money. He returned to
Bremen in the summer of 1849, and generously presented Dr. Menke with
a selection in the autumn of 1850. So far all is extremely satisfactory; but
he goes on to state that he received at the same time, from the same ship,
a box obtained at Mazatlan by purchase. This fact invalidates the soundness
of all that follows; except in those few instances in which we are informed
that M. Melchers collected the shells himself. The following list there-
fore must be received with great caution, except where the shells are con-
firmed by other authority. Occasionally Dr. Menke gives particulars as to
the number of individuals from which he describes; as when he tells us,
p- 188, that, as he has had an opportunity of examining no fewer than eight
specimens of Murex ambiguus, Rve., he can speak with authority as to its
being distinct from M. nigritus, Phil. If he had examined the many
hundreds in the Reigen collection, he would probably have come to a different
conclusion. The second (mixed) list is as follows :—

1850, pp. 161-173. has not been found. ?=Bivonia
1. Bulla Adamsi, Mke. contorta, var. ‘
2. —— nebulosa, Gla. 14. Vermetus glomeratus,{ Mke.q. |Rous.
3. —— (Tornatina) gracilis, | Mke. ?=Bivonia contorta, Cpr.
quasi] A. Ad. = ?B. infrequens, | 15. Natica Récluziana, Desh.
C, B. Ad. 16. glauca, |?) Humb.=N. patula,
4. Bulimus zebra, Desh. Sow.
5. Planorbis tenagophilus, [Mke. g.| | 17. maroccana, (Chemn.) Koch.
D’Orb. =P. tumens, Cpr. 18. ovum, Mke.
6. Physa Peruviana, |Mke. q.| Gray, | 19. Neritina cassiculum, Sow.
=Ph. aurantia, Cpr. 20. picta, Sow,
7. Litorina fasciata, Gray. 21. Nerita ornata, Sow. “ =N. multi-
8. aspera, Phil. jugis, Mke.” =N. scabriuscula,
9. —— modesta, [Mke. q.]| Phil. ?= Lam.
LL. conspersa, Phil. var. a2. funiculata, Mke. = N. Bern-
10. Turritella tigrinc, Kien. “=No. 3 hardi, Récl.
of first list.” 23. Planaxis acutus, Mke. =P. nigri-
Hd. gontostoma, Val. tella, Forbes.
£2, Hookeri, [ Mke. q.| Rve. 24. obsoletus, Mke. =P. nigri-
13. Vermetus Panamensis, Rouss. The tella, var.

figure quoted represents Le Ver- | 25. Turbo fluctuosus, Wood.
met of Adanson. The name ! 26. Solarium granulatum,|Mke.q.]Lam.

* As M. Melchers is quoted for a shell from Vera Cruz, on the Gulf of Mexico, Zeit. f. Mal.
1848, p. 3, it speaks much for his accuracy as a collector that no W. Indian species are
quoted in Menke’s lists, except such as have analogues on the Pacific coast, for which they
have probably been mistaken,

Euomphalus radiatus, Mke. =Tro-
chus perspectwiunculus variega-
tus, Chemn., ?=Torinia v. Lam.

. Trochus (Calcar) olivaceus, Wood.

Melchersi, Mke.

stellaris, |Mke. q.| Lam.

. — ? minutus, Chemn.

versicolor, Mke.

. —~(Monodonta) catenulatus, Phil.

. — lgulatus, Mke.

. —— glomus, [Mke. q.]| Phil.

1850, pp. 177-190.
36. Scalaria crassilabris, Sow.
37. Rissoa stricta, Mke.
38. Cerithium (Potamides) Montagne,
D’Orb.
39. —— maculosum, Kien.
40, ocellatum, [Mke. q.| Brug.=
C. stercusmuscarum, Val.
41. interruptum, Mke.
42. Buccinum gemmatum, Rve. “ =B.
gemmulatum, first list, No. 12.”

——

43. —— pristis, Desh.=serratum, Dufr.
44, (Nassa) luteostoma, Kien.
45. Monoceros muricatus, Brod.

46.
47.
48.

49.
50.

ol.

cingulatus, Lam.

Purpura patula, Lam.

consul, |Mke. q.| Lam. =P.
biserialis, var.

— biserialis, Blainy.

bicostalis, |Mke. q.?] Lam.=
P. biserialis, var.

Cancellaria ovata, [Mke. q.| Sow.
2=C. urceolata, Hds.

52, cassidiformis, Sow.
53. goniostoma, Lam.
54. Dolium dentatum, Barnes, = Malea

ringens, Swains.
55. - crassilabre, (Mke.) Val. = M.
ringens, var.
=Cassis ringens, Swains., Bligh
Cat. App. p. 4. 1822.
=Dolium dentatum, Barnes, An.
Lyc, N. Y. 1824.
=Buccinum ringens, Wood, Suppl.
1828.
=Dolium personatum, Mke. Syn.
p. 62. 1830.
= Malea latilabris, + crassilabris,
Val. 1833.
=Dolium latilabre, Kien. 1835.
=D. plicosum, Mke. Zeit. f. M.
p- 138, 1845.
=D. ringens, Rve. 1848.
=Cadium dentatum + C. ringens,
H. & A. Ad. Gen. i. 197.
56. Harpacrenata,Gray,=H.Rivoliana,
Less.
57. Cassis coarctata, Wood.

REPORT—1856.

58. Cassis inflata, (Shaw) Rve.=C, gra-
nosa, Lam.
59. abbreviata, Lam.
60. Columbella harpeformis, Sow.=C,
citharula, Duel,
61. Fuscata, Sow. i
62. nasuta, Mke. 4
63. fulva, Sow. {
64. Terpsichore, [Mke. q.] Sow.
65. Murex messorius, [Mke. q.| Sow.
66. unidentatus, {Mke. q.| Sow.
67. ternispina, [Mke. af Lam.
68. salebrosus, King.
69. brassica, Lam. = M, ducalis, _
Brod. i;
70, bicolor, Val._=M.erythrostoma, _
Swains.
71. —— lappa, Brod.
72. —— dubius, Sow. = M. aculeatus,
Wood, not Lam. ;
rie 9 nigrita, Phil. ?
74. ambiguus, Rve.=nigritus, var.
75. Ranella nana, Sow.
76. muriciformis, Brod. j
‘we anceps, Lam.=R. pyramidalis,
Brod. ;
78. Tritonium nodosum, (Chemn.) Mke.
=Triton Chemnitzii, Gray.
79. lignarium, Brod.
80. scalariforme, Brod.
1851, pp. 17-25.
81: Turbinella cestus, Brod.
82. Fasciolaria princeps, Sow.
83. Ficula decussata, Rve.
84. Pyrula patula, Brod. & Sow.
85. sub: ostrata, Gray, = Fusus
lapillus, Brod. & Sow.
86. anomala, Rve.
87. Fusus rheuma, Mart.=F. torheuma,
Desh.
88. Pleurotoma funiculata, Val.
89. maculosa, Sow.
90. incrassata, Sow. = P. Botte,
Val.
OF. Melchersi, Mke.
92. Strombus galeatus, Swains.
93. granulatus, Wood.
94, lentiginosus, Linn.
95. —— gracilior, Sow.
96. Conus princeps, Linn.
hs regularis, Sow.
98, puncticulatus, Hwass.
99, —— omaria, Hwass.
100. Oliva porphyrea, Lam.
101 angulata, Lam.
102 Julieta, Ducl.=O. Pantherina,
Phil. i
103. —— venulata, Lam.

. —— Melchersi, Mke,

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 239

105. Oliva undatella, Lam. 123. Crepidula striolata, Mke.=C.nivea,

106. anazore, Duel. var.

107. tergina, Ducl. 124. Goreensis, Desh.?2= C.nivea,var.

108. testacea, Lam. 125. Calyptrea (Trochatella) Lamarckii,

[Mke. q.] Desh.

1851, pp. 33-38. 126. —— conica, Brod.

109. Ovula emarginata, Sow. 127. —— (Dyspotea) spinosa, Sow.

110. deflexa, Sow. i232; cepacea, Brod.

111. Cyprea Arabica, Linn. 129. Hipponyx Folapens, [Mke. q. |] Quoy

112. arabicula, Lam. & Gaim. 2=H. serratus.

113. (Trivia) pustulata, Lam. 130. Fissurella virescens, Sow.

114, —— sanguinea, Gray. 131. viminea, [Mke. q.] Rve. ?=F.

115. —— Susca, Gray. rugosa, var.

116. subrostrata, Gray. 132. Patella Mexicana, Brod. & Sow.

117. Terebra variegata, Gray. 133. Acmea mutabilis, Mke. ? =fascicu-

118. armillata, [Mke. q.| Hinds. laris+mesoleuca, pars.

£19. luctuosa, Hinds. 134, fascicularis, Mke.

120. Mitra lens, Wood, = M. Dupontu, | 135. mesoleuca, Mke.= Patella dia-
Kien. phana, Rve. not Nutt.

121. Crepidula contorta, [Mke. q.| Quoy | 136. Siphonaria denticulata, [Mke. q.]
& Gaim. Quoy & Gaim. Probably S. /e-

122. costata, [Mke. q.] Sow. canium, var.

50. Among the many wasted opportunities of obtaining very valuable
information on geographical distribution, must unfortunately be recorded the

Surveying Voyages of the ‘ Herald’ and ‘ Pandora,’ by Capt. Kellett, R.N.,

C.B., and Lieut. Wood, R.N. The former of these gentlemen commanded
the ‘ Starling’ during the Sulphur Expedition. Their zeal for science is
shown not only by the large number of fine and valuable shells which they
brought back, but especially by the extreme liberality with which they have
presented them to public museums wherever they thought that they could
be made useful. The shells were deposited in the Museum of Practical
Geology in Jermyn Street, London, then presided over by Prof. E. Forbes.
He writes that “they were chiefly collected on the coast of Southern Cali-
fornia, from San Diego to Magdalena, and the shores of Mazatlan.” This is
precisely the very district of all others on which we are in want of accurate
information. San Diego belongs mainly to the Californian Province, Ma-
zatlan to that of Panama; the question yet to be settled is, ? where and how
do they separate. Here was an exploration in competent hands on the very
terra incognita itself; and yet, alas! Prof. E. Forbes further states that
“ unfortunately the precise locality of many of the individual specimens had
not been noted at the time; and a quantity of Polynesian shells mingled
with them, have tended to render the value of the collection, as illustrative
of distribution, less exact than it might have been.” Such information as
was accessible at the time was embodied by Prof. E. Forbes in two com-
munications to the Zoological Society, 1850; the first on the Land Shells,
collected during the Expedition, Proc. pp. 53-56 ; the second on the Marine
Mollusca, pp. 270-274. The following abstract includes what may be sup-
posed to relate to our present subject of inquiry.

From Oregon, Helix Townsendiana, H. Nuttalliana, and H. Columbiana.
Heliz Pandore, Forbes, p. 55. pl. 9. f. 34,6. Sta. Barbara, as per box label: San

Juan del Fuaco, teste Forbes.

Kellettii, Fbs. p. 55. pl. 9. f. 24,6, Allied to H. Californiensis, Lea. Same
locality.

labyrinthus, var. sipunculata, p. 53. pl. 9. f.4 a,b. Panama.
—— vellicata, Forbes, p. 55. pl. 9. f. 1 a,b,c. ? Panama.”
—— aspersa, marked Sta. Barbara; probably imported, p. 53.

240 REPORT—1856.

Bulimus nux, B. calvus, B. eschariferus, B. uwnifasciatus, and B. rugulosus, from
Chatham Is., Gelepagos, p. 54. Also, from the same island,

—— Chemniizioides, Forbes, p. 55. pl. 9. f. 6.a,b: and >

—— Achatinellinus, Forbes, p. 56. pl. 9. f. 5a,6. (In text Achatellinus, err. typ.)

—— fimbriatus, Forbes, p. 56. pl. 9. f. 7 a,b. Box labeled Panama.

alternatus, Panama, p. 54.

Succinea cingulata, Forbes, p. 56. pl. 9. f. 8 a, b, “said to come from Mazatlan.” |

“Out of 307 species of shells collected by the voyagers, 217 are marine
Gasteropoda, 1 is a Cephalopod, and 58 marine bivalves. The new species
are all from the American shores. There are no products of deep-sea
dredging. A few specimens of considerable interest were taken by the
‘Herald’ at Cape Krusenstern.” The following species are described by
Prof. Forbes :—

Page. Plate. Fig.

271 11 la,b. Trochita spirata, Forbes. Massaniello, Gulf of California.

ae Alt Trochus castaneus, Nutt. MS. Sta. Barbara, &c. Nuttall.

271) “1 * Sab. (Monodonta) gallina, Forbes. “ Probably from the Ma-
zatlan coast.” San Diego, Lieut. Green.

271-4) Paro: aureotinctus, Forbes. ‘‘ Withthe last.” San Diego,
Lieut. Green.=T. cateniferus, Potiez, teste Gould.

ip i) oe Be (Margarita) purpuratus, Forbes, “2? W. coast of N. A.”

a72. 41 - 104, 8. —— Hillii, Forbes. “2? N.W. coast of N. A.”

272 11 = 2a,b,c. Natica Pritchardi, Forbes. Mazatlan, abundant.=N. Chemniizii,
Pfr. non Recl.—=N. maroccana, var. teste Koch.

Zio 11" 6 Planaxis nigritella, Forbes. ‘“ Straits of San Juan del Fuaco.”
=P. acuta+P. obsoleta, Mke. As this species is found in
extreme profusion at Mazatlan, and was not found by Mr.
Nuttall, it is m the highest degree improbable that it should
occur in abundance so far north in Oregon. It was probably
from San Juan in the Gulf of California. ,

275; 41; 12 Purpura analoga, Forbes. Probably from the Oregon district.

274 decemcostata, Midd., var. approaching P. Freycinetit,

274 planospira, columellaris, and Carolensis; “probably from
the Galapagos.”” The two latter occur also at Mazatlan.

aa? oO 0) Fusus Kelletu, Forbes. One sp. from the Californian coast.

Ps ct due Oregonensis. Californian coast.

274 salebrosus. Mazatlan.

The types of the described species, and numerous most beautiful and
interesting specimens have been presented to the British Museum. ‘The
remainder may be seen by students in the drawers of the Mus. Pract. Geol.:
but the condition of the labels is not such that any dependence can be
placed on them unless confirmed from other sources. In the only list that
remains, it is said that there were the following shells from the Galapagos: —
18. Eight species of small shells; 19. Nerita; 20-22. Purpur@ ; 23-25. —
Buccina; 26. Arce; 27. Bulimus. Of the bulk of the collection, 95
specits are known from other sources to occur at Mazatlan, and 35 species
have been taken in other parts of the province between Mazatlan and
Panama. Of the remainder, several are known to belong to Ecuador and
Peru, and some, as Pomaulax undosus and Acmea Oregona, to the Cali-
fornian coast. But so large a number, even of those placed with, the
Mazatlan shells, and perhaps obtained by commerce from that spot, are
known to be inhabitants of the Pacific Islands and the East Indies, that a
list of them would be entirely useless for our present object.

Among the specimens collected by Messrs. Kellett and Wood during their
voyage, which have been by them presented to the British Museum, have
been observed the following species :—

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 241

Cardium Nuttall, California. Fissurella ornata.

Trigonia radiata, var. Hindsii. Haliotis Cracherodii, Leach.

Modiola capaxw. “S. America.” [?] Purpura Carolensis. Is. Plata.
Pinna rudis. Gulf of California. Murex foliatus. San Juan de Fuaco.

51. But the largest collection ever brought to Europe from one locality
(with the single exception of Mr. Cuming’s stores) was made at Mazatlan
during the years 1848-50 by a Belgian gentleman of the name of Frederick
Reigen. He did not live to enjoy the fruits of his almost unparalleled
labours; and after his death in 1850, the collection was sent for sale, partly
to Messrs. F. de Lizardi and Co. at Liverpool, and partly to Havre. The
Liverpool portion measured about 14 tons of 40 cubic feet each. It was
bought by Mr. G. Hulse, wholesale naturalist in Dale Street; but before it
passed into his hands, it received such an examination as time allowed from
Mr. F. Archer, in whose collection, and in that of the Royal Institution, the
first unmixed fruits will be found. Unfortunately the geographical value of
these selections is greatly injured by trusting to memory and loose tickets ; and
the localities of the Institution specimens have simply been added from the
monographs, as ‘Galapagos,’ ‘ Panama,’ ‘ St. Elena,’ &c. Mr. Hulse fortunately
deposited the bulk of the collection under lock and key in a chamber by
itself; but to save room, he immediately disposed of most of the large shells,

— guch as Spondylus calcifer, Patella Mexicana, Strombus galea, and the

Pinne, to a publican near Manchester, where they may be seen in his
“Museum.” Circumstances enabled me to make a searching examination
of Mr. Hulse’s stores, and to form a geographical collection from their con-
tents*. Finding that in a small manufacturing town this could not be made
available for the purposes of science, I acceded to the request of Dr. Gray that
it should be deposited in the British Museum; it being stipulated (1) that I
should be allowed to arrange it in its permanent abode, where it should re-
main intact as a separate collection; and (2) that a descriptive catalogue
should be published of its contents. The duty of preparing this was en-
trusted to me by Dr. Gray. The work is already written, and most of it
printed. When completed, it will be found to contain descriptions of 222
new species; in addition to several which had been previously described
from the same collection in the ‘ Proc. Zool. Soc.’ and other works. Numerous
details are added on species already known, especially on the variations of
growth, geographical range, frequency, and synonymy.

Being desirous of making the permanent collection of the British Museum
as complete as possible, and finding that the original stores were in danger
of being dispersed, and so rendered useless for science, I obtained possession
of the remainder of the vast collection, and subjected it to a renewed and
more rigid scrutiny. There will, therefore, be preserved: in the B.M. drawers,
not only the type specimens of the described species; but what will perhaps
be of more service to inland students, because less often accessible, large series
illustrating particular species, and displaying both their normal and their abnor-
mal variations. Thus, of Donax punctatostriatus will be found 192; of D.
Conradi [ +culter, Hanl. + contusus, Rve. + Californicus, Desh.], 292 ; of
Anomalocardia subrugosa, 130.; of Venus gnidia, 59; of Anomia lampe, 97 ;
of Neritina picta, 607 ; and of Acmea mesoleuca, 301 specimens ; every one
of which exhibits an appreciable difference from its neighbours. ‘The latter

* Of this collection, amounting then to 440 species, an account was laid before the British
Association at Liverpool: v. Reports, 1854, p. 107. The list was examined by Prof. Forbes,
and much assistance obtained from his experience. That assistance was promised during the
course of the present inquiry, and would have prevented many of the errors attendant on it;
but within a week after he had written to recommend the transfer of the collection to the
British Museum, he had passed to the scenes where human aid is no longer needed, and where
human errors find no place,

1856. R

9492 REPORT—1856.

series was obtained by repeated processes of elimination, from the examina-
tion of about 11,000 specimens. The whole number of shells passed under
review probably exceeded 100,000. The following was found to be the most
satisfactory plan for the determination of specific limits :—(1) to spread out
the entire mass in somewhat of order before the view, in order that the gene- —
ral zdea of the species (so to speak) might be received by the mind; (2) to
examine the specimens one by one, in comparison with an ordinary shell
selected as a standard, putting to one side all that for any cause attracted
attention; (3) from the hundreds thus selected out of the thousands, or the
scores out of the hundreds, to arrange series according to observed differences;
(4) to subject these to a rigid scrutiny with each other and with neighbour-
ing species; (5) to make a selection that should exhibit not extremes only,
but intermediate grades ; and (6) to write the description while the result
of the previous processes was fresh in the recollection. No observations,
indeed, can compare for accuracy with those made on living animals in their
native haunts; but the next best process is the examination of large num-
bers of specimens, such as the almost exhaustive diligence of M. Reigen has
placed at our disposal. The process may require considerable time and no
small amount of patience; but resalts thus obtained are far more satisfactory
than the plan too often followed, of picking out a few specimens of leading
forms, which alone are available to naturalists for description. So marvelous
indeed are the variations of growth thus traced to the same specific source,
that we may well accept with doubt species that are constituted from very
limited materials. This caution is by no means to be overlooked in using
the very catalogue in question; as the only materials for a knowledge of the
small species (which amount to no fewer than 314 out of 691) were the dirt
obtained from the washings of the shells, which had most fortunately been
sent “in the rough ;” and the fragments obtained in ransacking the backs
of a few Spondyli, which were most obligingly placed at my disposal by
R. D. Darbishire, Esq., of Manchester, who had succeeded in rescuing them
from the publican’s “ museum.” *

It would of course have been far more satisfactory, for the purposes of
science, had the collection never passed through a dealer’s hands. The
fortunate circumstance, however, of its size and value requiring a room to
be emptied and képt locked for its custody, has prevented the chances of
error which would otherwise have crept in. No species are inserted in the
catalogue but what were obtained from the boxes in this room, and from the
large shells about the parasites of which there can be no mistake; except ©
Ficula decussata, of which Mr. Hanley distinctly remembers the appearance
of a very few specimens in the Havre collection. This, which, though com- —
paratively small, filled twenty-eight boxes, after lying some time in France ~
without a purchaser, was in the main sent to London, and disposed of in lots
at the auctions, mixed with other shells, and without any knowledge being
communicated as to their history. They have been freely distributed as
though from Panama ; and several of them appear in the British Museum,
labelled ‘ Australia, presented by —-Metcalf, Esq.” Several freshwater
shells, Cyrene and Ampullarie, are believed to have come from this source ;
but there was no trace of them in the Liverpool collection. In general, the
two sets so far agreed as to make it probable that the species were divided.
Messrs. Lizardi recei*ed a list, in which the exact localities of all the shells

* IT am under the greatest obligations to Mr, Darbishire for his valuable aid from the com-
mencement of the work. We alone were admitted by Mr. Hulse into his secret chamber,.filled
with the unmixed spoils of the Mazatlan waters; nor should I have ventured to pursue this
inquiry, which would have been conducted far better under his auspices, had not professional
engagements entirely prevented his devoting the time necessary for such a purpose. . 5

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 243

were recorded; this invaluable document, however, was thrown to one side
as useless, and has not since been found. |

The best evidence of the authenticity of the collection is in the shells them-
selves. These were, with very few exceptions, taken alive, and treated with
evident care. Every single bivalve was separately wrapped up and ticketed ;
. the mouths of the univalves were papered to preserve the opercula; and in
many of the smaller species the animal was not extracted. The absence,
from so vast a collection, of attractive shells known to be found in neigh-
bouring places, such as Oliva porphyria, Terebra variegata, Malea ringens,
Cassis coarctata, Pectens and Pectunculi, generally seen in collections from
“that coast,” shows that M. Reigen made little use even of the facilities of the
coasting trade to extend his stores. Nor are there to be seen the Pacific ©
Strombs, Cowries, Terebre, &c., some of which even Menke allows to appear
in his catalogue. In one respect a town of limited trade is more favourably
situated for scientific purposes than a port of extensive commerce. Singa-
pore, the Sandwich Is., Acapulco, &c., to say nothing of places on our own
coast, are well known to be “ hotbeds of spurious species.” But among the
many myriads in the Liverpool collection, not a dozen individual shells were
found which can fairly be set down as strangers. The principal of these are—

Arca fusca (living), which is quoted from the West Indies, and may linger in the
Gulf Seas ; or it may have come from the East Indies on a ship bottom.

Conus arenatus. One very rubbed specimen ; probably from ballast.

Crepidula Peruviana. Two worn specimens; probably from ballast.

Fissurella Barbadensis. One young fresh sp.; probably brought over on a pebble.

With regard to Lucina tigerrina and Mactra fragilis, of each of which one
fresh specimen was sent papered and ticketed with nearly related shells, we
have no right to deny their authenticity merely because they oppose our
theories ; as unexpected facts are continually making their appearance, to
the confusion of the mere systematizer and the corresponding delight of
searchers after truth. All shells of this class are included in the list, in order
that persons may see the bad as well as the good, and judge of its authority
accordingly. No attempt has been made (except with the small shells) to
state the number of specimens, because of the abstractions which had pre-
viously been made by purchasers; but the following notes will give a tole-
rably correct idea of their comparative frequency, after these abstractions
had been deducted.

ev. extremely rare ; under a score.
7. very rare; under a hundred.
r. rare; under two hundred. e
n.c. not common; or é.
n,.uU. not uncommon ; } under 300.

List of the Reigen Collection of Mazatlan Mollusca.

. common; up to 400 or 500.

. abundant; 600 or 700.

. extremely common; 1000.

. extremely abundant; more than 1000.

Rags

No, Name. Freq: Other Localities.

Class BRYOZOA.
Membraniporide.

1 |Membranipora denticulata, Bush, n.s. ......006| Te

2 Govhiea, Rylands, MS., Ui. S..ccesserssense r. |? Persian Gulf.
' 3 |Lepralia atrofusca, Rylands, MS., n. 8. ..0....4. Yr.
4 trispinosa, JORNSE. ....eccscceseccvescceveeces Isp. |Britain.
: 5 ar Mazatlanica, Busk, n. S. sonigeauaelentedacen Te

6 |——— rostrata, Bush, 0.8. ccasesessaseee Liagwcadiee ¥,

244 REPORT—1856.
No. Name. Freq. Other Localities.
7 \Lepralia marginipora, Reuss ........ssseseseeeees r. \Fossil tertiary, Vienna.
8 |—— hippocrepis, Bush, n. s........ aisha sie 8 Dp
9 lanmilis, FAB. dhiacceacancdeee shaagplaiee :
10 |—— adpressa, Bush .....ccoescscececesessees «e...| nu. |Chiloe, 96 fms., Darwin. -
677 ieee sp. ind. SOOTHER eo eee een sesrereseee reese oeeteee v.fYr.
Celleporide.
11 |Cellepora papilleformis, Bush, n. 8. ......06+ Nae
12 |—— cyclostoma, Bush, n. S....seceoecesscensees rs
678 |Cellepora, sp. ind. , resembling pumicosa, Linn.) v.r
Discoporide.
13 |Defrancia intricata, Busk, n. s. .s-.e0. devecedtide r.
679 |Tubulipora, sp. ind........... pan sella sgaukansael MmmEie
Class TUNICATA.
Unknown.
Cl. PALLIOBRANCHIATA, Blain.
14 |Discina Cumingii, Brod..........seeccecssesseees .| 1. |Payta and St. Elena; Panama.
Class LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
Pholadide.
15 |Pholadidea melanura, Sow........ Maebicictevesss e.r. |Monte Christi.
16 ? curta; Sew. 0200... uiewraee eee inate ..| 2sp. |Veragua.
17 \Parapholas calva; Gray; Macc gc. n.u. |Panama.
18 acuminata, S0w..6i ls. lalsc. opatelindodde ae n.u. |Panama.
19 |Mesteua intercalata, nv 9.:'..centosscsadpnvacensadts 2 sp.
20 |(Fragment) somewhat resembling Panopea.| 1
Perhaps Corbula tenuis.
Gastrochenide.
21 |Gastrochzena truncata, Sow. ...cecccccscsecseses n.u. |Panama, West Indies.
22 VEGA, OOM eek ioe lcdenSbecenctionslds gettaanden y.r. |Pan., Is, Perico, West Indies.
Saxicavide.
23 GSaxivava arctica, Linn. 70.1 li Wutedddade deteetants v.r. jubiquitous, p. 17; Fossil, Crag.
Petricolide.
94 |Pétricola robusta) Sow. ... 6)... 0licsseedicaese .e.s.| 1eU. |Panama, Island of Muerte.
=P. bulbosa, Gld.=P. sinuosa, Conr.
?=Choristodon typicum, Jonas ....... pyaeaedalaqesengss West Indies.
25 ventricosa, Desh. ........e000. bsdeaduetanaee e.v. |Gulf of California.
P= Py enticwlata, SOW: igcayacnesscessadaecstons|ancwenens Peru.
26 SSD ARs vie oeonnys aa EMA Town a Cresasindnceanes 2
27 |Rupellaria linguacfelis, Me S.ccccscecceeccccccccsces wy
28 CRAFAUA, F. Baria iepaaveasebibnady ache cceneuens e.t,
29 a BP. AD. .cedhaehite Vispapatdateenthecs okassveces l
BS0 1? Natanio SCODING, Ms Be deacsssbamenasie tee ncheccas e. Tr.
220 » SPsdM. scseases chs inlanaekane RE 1
Myide.
Bed io Mea, ap. JO, < dccedncdeses Reva aee a esas ods caveat 1
Corbulide. d
DO |Corbdla Dicarinata, Sow, j..ccccccsvccscccsenness e.r. |Pan., R. Llejos, Carac., St.Elena.
?=C. alba, Phil.
31 Diradiata, Sow. ¢.....cccccece nis tas Sear 1 |Panama, Chiriqui, Caraccas.
BZ 1——=_ patella, 0.8. .,....peescncnndeccnssssnecect 2 |Panama, St. Blas, 33 fms. _
BS festa, Sw. ...c....5...ccccsdeescceebeetane 1 |Panama, Xipix., Montijo, Carac.
34 |——, sp. ind. a. (allied to C. seaphoides, Hds.)| 2 :
eee, BANC. Bs ave unssyncnseccseccpseuccencceius eee
So gophenia fragilis, M.S. ....00....s.00. dav avevaadp bard] ean.
GS Freee BIN ask canevenacens pss cageeedcens oany sheen 1 -
684 ieee. | Sp. ind @eeee Cee eerrereeteeeeens ee eeeeeereeees “I ] :

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.

245

SS ea rnmnennnnanenememeemnemmeenemmenmnemnenenncsnnennnsesnesn a, 2 ;

No. Name.

Pandoride.

685 |Tyleria fragilis, H. & A. Ad. ...scocecscncscsceens
SE LIVOMBIA PICEA, SOW........cpesscrrscenenserccsesees

Solecurtide.

a? yoolecurtus aftinis, C. B. Ad. .,.ccessescecescesecs
Be I OONIGUIS, T1. Se) tees cceebsa vec vconccesnccee enue:
39 coo Sf sp. ind. eoeve Coco eeose eee bone tees oee @eceesccons

Tellinide.

40 |Semele flavescens, CEG vrai tied tas Sov eeeesve ceeeven
=S. proxima, [quasi] C. B. Ad,
41 |—— ?venusta, 4. dd. .......... Seaseeeeearmerane
42 |Cumingia lamellosa, Sow. ......scecccscecsssseees
423/——_ Pe WM s COALCEALR Ss cn ecincdseivecsccen cus
trigonularis, Sow. ..... Pewnaecusiananaden seve
44 |\——_ Califormica, Conr. .....cccccccscvccccvccseres
45 |——, sp. ind. (like C. striata) ...ccc.scesceeeees
46 |Sanguinolaria miniata, Gld. ......... Guten ates
=§. purpurea, Desh.
AT |\Tellina rufescens, Chern. ...corcsscscccessssences
= T. operculata, Gmel.
48 |—— Broderipii, Desh. ........... viggeetne cescneie
49 |\—— ??Mazatlanica, Desh. ...cccssescscsecesscee ad
I, TAMILS. «ceils > csvcctveccee scape
eter FUSS TIAN, cs .c0. ceeds scccsevasecveyereidarees
straminea, Desh.
53 |—— donacilla, n.s.
686 |——, sp. ind. (ce)
PCE, DOT, ....cc.sscecaccseccncesvensens
= Donax Martinicensis, Lam. teste Gray.
= Tellina alternata, Sow. teste Gray.
= T. angulosa, Gmel. teste Desh.
= 7’. simulans, C. B. Ad.
Cumingii, Hanl............ paca batons duaeeton
56 |—— Peburnea, Hanl...........0000. Raven vaanie cone
57 ij MEEMEI IDs Bs! cccbndcavestssvsecssenesas sen
ean IAMICUAER, Th. Siscccccsysccessnccdsccesesenceses
59 |—— ?? puella, C. B. Ad.
60 |——— ?? delicatula, Desh.
61 |—— brevirostris, Desh...
62 |\—— ?denticulata, Desh. ........ op Seine vapeeaiues
63 |—, sp. ind. (2) ..ccovserseees ew dae sass sean eeays
ars SITS (DP). cnc cnccccsscccnsecperesecssees ei
65 |Tellidora Burneti, Brod. & Sow. seesccccsevees.
=TLucina cristata, Récl.
66 |Strigilla carnaria, Linn. .......... saben dene eenyee
=Lucina carnaria, Lam.
= Strigilla miniata, Gld.=S. fucata, Gld.
E18 a4 o cteck) sor cinniv cee ceniceeerestnes
68 |??Psammabia, sp. ind........se.sseee pevase basse ast

eect ee toneeee COs esses teh ae0

POF coe eset OF eseeeebeeeereeeons

SOPH PORE ee Eero ee eEeeeeneDeeeees

SOKO STH o Hee aeeeneoeees

eeeoece Pe eee eset eters ees

Donacide.

69 |Iphigenia altior, Sow.......... Suse unas Taakwewesest
70 |—— levigata, ?
71 |\Donax carinatus, Hanl. ......... sch aveieden paaweee
Oe jp rostratus, C. B. Ad. ccccccscsesccsvs geet
=D. carinatus, var. Hanl.
=D. culminatus, Cat. Prov.
ZF I$. LT ANSVETSUS, SOW. .rscvocpecrccraerescenenors
74 |—— assimilis, Hanl. ......06. ctiwedes Seucaccnasany

POP eee eee TSH EHH H EHH EH OHSS EHEHHOE SHE

Freq.

1

e.Yr.
€.Yr.

1
1

Other Localities,

Is, Muerte, Vancouver’s Island.

Panama.

San Diego.

W. Columbia.
?Panama, Payta.
Panama, Caraccas.
Panama, St. Elena.
Monterey, &c,

San Juan.

Tumbez, West Indies.

Panama.
Panama.

Pan., Guayaquil, W, I., Xipix.

Panama, Guacomayo.
Tumbez.

Panama.

Central America.

Salango, St. Elena.

W.1I., ? Medit., Sta. Barbara.

Gulf Nicoya, Tumbez, Panama.

San Blas, Tumaco.

Sta. Barbara, Panama.

Panama.

REPORT—1856.

Name.

76 |\—— Conradi, Desh.
+D. culter, Hanl.
+D. Californicus, Desh. non Conr.
+D. contusus, Rve.

?+D. radiata, Val.

—— navicula, Hanl.

Mactride.

Mactra exoleta, Gray.......... ee oeaavanevde
=Tutraria ventricosa, Gld.
= Mulinia ventricosa, C. B. Ad.
fragilis, Chemn. ...sssreceaescccserses caecncis
= M. ovalina, Lam. teste Gray.
= M. Braziliana, Lam. teste Desh.
= M. oblonga, Say, teste Rve.
— (Mulinia) angulata, Gray .........4. soveees
?= WM. donaciformis, C. B. Ad.
Gnathodon mendicus, Gd,
= Rangia trigona, Petit.

77

SCOPES H ESTES ee eoOeESEEe,eTEese

78

79

80
—8i

Veneride.

?Clementia gracillima, D. 8. “..sccscsessesccensees

Trigona radiata, Sow. ..+....000. ete eaeeeseeseees a

= Venus Solangensis, D’Orb.

= Trigona Byronensis, Gray.

= Cytherea corbicula, Mke. (non Lam.)
+C. semifulva, Mke.

+C. gracilior, Sow.

+(C. Hindsii, Hanl.

?+C. intermedia, Sow.

PAWNS Ts Bess ic sak seewwas oa denecbassepixen

argentina, SOW. ...ccccsecceers geaceaseaedns ee

= Cytherea equilatera, Desh.

—— ?? crassatelloides, JUn....,..esseesees ineaagua

planulata, Brod. & Sow.

+ Cytherea undulata, Sow.

=Donax Lessoni, Desh.

= Cytherea mactroides, Lam. teste Desh.

Dosinia ponderosa, Gray ...cceeveee
= Cytherea gigantea, Phil.
= Venus cycloides, D’Orb.

—— Anne, Dard. ....6.. Midas gana \ bie cou e Eas

T)USTOTT, FORGE, a idcwn caatsveds once veemeeaen
= Artemis simplex, Hanl.
= Cytherea Pacifica, Trosch.

Cyclina subquadrata, Hanl.
= Artemis saccata, Gld.

Dione aurantia, Hanl.....ccccecseseeees ee ee
= Cytherea aurantiaca, Sow.

— chionea, Mke. ........ Cagesucheatncteswaceee
+ Cytherea squalida, Sow.
+C. biradiata, Gray.

?+C. elegans, Koch.

—— rosea, Brod. & Sow. ....4.
= Cytherea lepida, Chen.
lupinaria, Less. .......+..

=D. lupanaria, Gray.
= Cytherea Dione, var. Brod.
= C. semilamellosa, Gaud.

Po ee ? vulnerata, Brod. SEAHEC H ECM eeerererereeeee

| 82
83

e.Yr.
Vv. C.

84
85

86
87

88

89
90

91
| 92

steeeeve eeeeeeeee eteee

93

94
95 .

eee eeeeereteteosene

96

. |Upper California.

Other Localities.

Acapulco.

Gulf of Nicoya, Panama.
Panama, Guayaquil.

West Indies.

S.W. Mexico, Panama.

Salango, Xipix., Guayaq., Pan.

Gulf of Nicoya.

Pan., Salango: Chili, Coquimbo,
D’ Orb.

Payta.

Panama, St. Elena, “ Eastern
Seas,” dd. & Rve. |

St. Elena, Panama.
S.W. Mex.,Gulf Nicoya, Taboga.
San Blas, S. W. Mexico, La Paz,
Taboga, St.Elena, ?Philip-
pines, Swan River,
San Blas, Panama.
San Blas, Salango, Tuber,
Payta.

Real Llejos.

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 2497

No. Name. Freq. Other Localities,

97 |Dione brevispinosa, Sow. .....0....sceeceeeeeeees 1

98 |—— circinata, Born. .........+ ee edt venuassas 2 |West Indies, Monte Christi.
= Venus Guineensis, Gmel.
= Cytherea alternata, Brod.

99 | —— concinna, Sow. ...coccccsecees Ope b nate eatin 1 |Panama.
?-++ Cytherea affinis, Brod.
?+C., tortuosa, Brod.

100 |Cytherea petechialis, Lam........0..seceees euneue v.r. |Japan.

101 |Venus (Chione) gnidia, Brod. & Sow. ...... «| €.c. {Payta, Panama, San Blas.

102 Seiathusia, PRY. 6.0ctsccevesstncnans c. |S.W. Mexico, Panama.
= Chione gnidia, var. Desh.

103 |—— 5 Sp. ind. (2) -..s.0 Sin Sh Pes se waebceses @:,8s

104 |—— BU ADRS PAM cssmsecdsasscarcssodass 1 |Panama.

105 |—— CLEMIFEA, SOM. .009 cvvssversrcer sveosse| oo [St. Klena, Paytas
=V, Portesiana, D’Orb.

106 |—— Pundatellay SOW....5..ccevereess raeces 1 {Island 3 Marias, G. of Calif.

107 |\—— —— Columbiensis, Sow. ............ee00s e.c. |St. Elena, S.W. Mexico.

108 |—— PSPs ING. (5) corsscssecerrecvescccsseses 3

109 |Tapes histrionica, Brod. & Sow. .............4 e.c. {Real Llejos, St. Elena.
= Chione histrionica, Desh.

110 EMSAM siancvoapecd socsinsderbasencevescsees 3 {S.W. Mex., Pan., St. Elena and
= Venus tricolor, Sow. teste Desh. Guacomayo, Puerto Portrero,
=V. discors, Sow. teste Jay. Guaymas.

?=V. neglecta, Phil. (non Gray). ;

111 RAIAEOOSA, TH 8. 000...) cosnv npn sdeccece wer 3

112 |Anomalocardia subrugosa, Sow..........sseeeees e.c. |S.W. Mexico, Panama, Peru.
= Cytherea subsulcata, Mke.

113 |—— subimbricata, Sow.......ccecccsscssevees eee, er. |Acapulco, Puerto Portrero.

Astartide.

Bee (Circe margarita, n.B. ....cssscssccsssveoeeeseseve Ver.

115 SUDEVICONA, N. S....cccvccsdecegssvrversssvvene Wei

mao |Gouldia Pacifica, C. B. Ad....ccsccsrstssseves oss| Vers |Panama.

NE ——--VATIANS, Th. So ..crercccscsectvecc rebar best apnes c.

118 |Cardita Californica, Desh. ....s..ccccssssesssevees a
=C. affinis, Mke. non Sow.

BLO | Venericardia, sp. ind..........000ee00 ebsecnsessbins 1

120 |Trapezium, sp. ind.............. bb accsneesees evsveest 1

Chamide.

121 |Chama frondosa, var. Mexicana ......++00ee00 n.c. |Gulf of Tehuantepec.
+Chama echinata, fig. pars.

1218 Pfrondosa, Var. fornicata ...sesceccsescesss V.r.

?=C. Buddiana, C. B. Ad.
122 READ sas sccbvakseccseccedaconstei veces: 4 |Lord Hood’s Island.
123 BOER CONT. secs sdecescscdebvaccassesvrees 2 |San Diego.
Cardiade.

124 |Cardium (Levicardium) elatum, Sow. .........| n.u. |Guaymas, San Diego.

125 procerum, Sow. ......+0+ Shagekisssseresees es c. |S.W. Mexico, Panama, Payta,
?+C. laticostatum, Sow. Real Llejos.

126 PSEMPCOSUI, SOW. sc0r..rsccesdsvcceserccaces e.r. |Taboga, St. Elena.
=C. rastrum, Rve.

?=C. muricatum, Mke.

127 , Sp. ind. (a) (like C. punctulatum) ...... 3

128 |——, (d) (like C. triangulatum) .........) 1

129 |—_, (c) (like C. pseudofossile) ......... 1

130 |, ——_ (A) cacascsssscvvcsccecsccceroesceeeenes £

131 |——_, CE): ivinev ewe sons aba gibi cts) econ enamel 2

132 |—, Fp ast ass ist vp canons si’esowaeten 2

133 |—— alabastrum, N.S. cscvcccsrcsesccvssevers sient "Cx. T's

687

rotundatum, n, S. See peat reobeseoserisoegeee 1

248

REPORT—1856. Mt AG

No.

134
135

136

37
138
139
140
t41
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150

1502;-—
151 |—— obliqua, Phil........ SisneegEtos {es ssseeeneeeny

152

153

154
155
156
688
157
158
159
160
161
162
163

164
165

166

167
168
169
170
171

171)

Name. Freq. Other Localities.

Cardium graniferum, Brod. & Sow. .+......+0+ .r. |Pan., Gulf Nicoya and Xipix.
——, sp. ind. (g), (lucinoides, nom. prov.) ...| 1

Lucinide.

Lucina (Codakia) tigerina, Linn. ....cccesseceee S.W. Mexico, West Indies.
== FP PRNClAta, LAMM. ..de0..ssccenscsressssxenss Panama.
MER FOV Cada se sug ens ssieeten sss cemeaiinna
——— PmMuricata, Chem. ...ccccccccessssescecees
Ha EXCAVAEA, T. Sivcccsspcccstccecaccecsseeecene ae
ee BPs WNL. AL) ean evden dtecseatbunebcenstcage
——— peCtinata, N.S. resccccccscccsssecececesveves
cancellarts, Pt, Vins. isa ceves echotoccecsh &
WIATAEIGIMCA TH. Bs a.cs0s. peck oh ceeeceenceee
prolongata, MN. S.cossccrcccsvccrescccccesvevecs
——,, SP- INA. (D).,.ceersevereeeere sishcnandhirhnetass
== ? eburnea, Rove. ‘s....:5 PL ee oe Sek nee Panama, St. Elena.
mee RS WE Your tea tirtcales Sipdpubessebaxvoses
PPS, SD, UML cides ys cckscacesceasnssanes eeeeaes
Diplodonta semiaspera ......s004. daealiinenusts | Ver. |West Indies.
= Lucina celata, Rve.
?=J. semireticulata, D’Orb.
Canip 2. orveta, Elle Fo... vsthccnseseseds 2 .. (San Diego.
» Wats CISETE DAD tons cys sohesane nie escces

:

serricata, Rue. .,.cec.e.. ey CRASS AE bie}

Kelliade. Atlantic. B C :
Kellia suborbicularis, Mont. ...ccccoesscescaces et tna e Fouuil’| C i
Lasea ?rubra, Mont. ...cccccessese sae pease milena ? ubiquitous.

ATUBONALIG, Ve Be avant dn seaegpedpepeneppen sr pe
Berea AVON GA, T1598 , .cccieesmnngepyncdppacsesecsters
eee, TN ITTIT., aCe ski sie hiss Sp nlegiigigvaleypniesys ®5eiees
Lepton Clementinum, Nn. S.......se.seeees anesenees
aa J OIMCUNM, 4. Ss rsascadencenaamees o 4a euenscees
———= TMIDONALUM, TN. 8. coccccccscnccvncccseececses
Pythina sublevis, n.s. ....+ aiid sigatine canons beat
Montacuta elliptica, n. S. .ccccccssesess ceases mee
? SRUGUACUAER, T. Be.cesh.ccecascqncisenasoecans
——, sp. ind, ....... Serepaceneeces biwenads ree ay

Sanaa
Cyrena Olivacea, 0. 8. crcsocsccscseessccces Ssieoea:
=C. Fontainei, Desh. non D’Orb.
—— Mexicana, Brod. §& Sow. ....+. psuseeevhes
Comp. C. Floridana, Conr.
Var.=C. altilis, Gld.

Unionide.

Anodon ciconia, Gid. ........ Phatstncstecsscesses
Comp. 4. glauca, Val.

Mytilide. .
Mytilus palliopunctatus, Dkr. w.sccseeeseees eae . |S.W, Mexico.
multiformis, n.S. ......6 pai ale etait aide eee
Septifer Cumingianus, Recl. ....... CReterme ets .r. |Panama.
Modiola capax, Conr......ss.sseseee pega csiwhesuns . |S. Diego, La Paz, Gal., S.W.Mex.}
—— Braziliensis, Chem. ,....:.cescsvescessacess Guiana, Venezuela, Bay Guaya-
= M. Guyanensis, Lam. quil, Panama,
= M. semifusca, Sow. (not Lam.)
WHE: TOUMIMIES Seeccecscceuss dddcusegae . |? New Zealand,

172 |Crenella coarctata, DAr........0.00 cocssseveseees.| € Fe (Galapagos.
173 |Lithophagus attenuatus, Desh. .,....... soseveoee? @. Fe |Peru, ?Chili.

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.

249

No. Name, Freq.
174 |Lithophagus calyculatus, n.s...... iderstaioresiancars 1
175 plumula, Hanl. .......00. eve asidp eb ewdacaieans. Ye
Bi —=—=_ ATISUATUS, SOl........ccereccensvovpecrssensecnes ri
= Modiola caudigera, Lam.
= Mytilus ropan, Desh.
176b|—— p Vat. STACHOr 5... 4..scwawwwe sintaroeisinle « Wea EY
176¢c\—— SeWar: CURIOS. iileve vppineneienvate ous e. ¥.
177 |—— cinnamomeus, Chemn. .........++ aera oa 1
178 |Leiosolenus spatiosus, Nn. S..,....+00. L indsicemenames e. Fr.
179 | ——-, sp. ind. ..........006 gutwacines sathstsllite es eee
Arcade.
180 jArca grandis, Brod. & Sow. ..... scpbeideswantans Vv. C.
181 |—— multicostata, Sow...... Ricicte tS asstebp uitialtaitaromtonis 2
182 | —— ?labiata, Sow. .........cseveccvecvceere oweiatune 2
?=A. labiosa, Sow.
?= A. incongrua, Say.
183 |—— bifrons, n.s. ........ Ss apache devesecusoten Ge
184 |—— tuberculosa, Sow. .......006 Punisseavapn CRE
?++ A. trapezia, Desh.
+A. similis, C. B, Ad.
185 |—— reversa, Gray......sccceees ae Sellideislawauy > “ae
= A. hemicardium, Koch.
186 |—— ? brevifrons, Sow. .....,.0006 sinighdatorsigatosreclae 1
187 |—— emarginata, Sow. ...cccrcscecereceescseccees é. r.
188 [——, SP. Ind. (@)......e0cccccevecvecscevoeees sveeee| - “2
689 |——, gees cacetsxenewse erpecnsniwaeers 1
Bee (EYSSOALCH PACHICA, SOwW........ss0screrscccsevecees Ye
190 |—— mutabilis, Sw. ......ccessceeccsscceesseeeers Yr.
Comp. 4rca Americana, D’Orb.= imbricata,
Brug.
191 |—— fusca, Brug. .....+6.. puslipkaweiasexicae ce enneps 1
192 |—— vespertilio, 1. S....ssecseseeeee Pua vdame sires ma
TO |m——_ UWOta, SOW. ...ccccoscsccccccvcccececcecevens cuep Oy Fs
Comp. 4. Tabogensis, C. B. Ad,
194 |—— gradata, Brod. & Sow. ..sccscsceseceeees one] VT
?= A.squamosa,Lam. = 4.Domingensis, Lam.
= Arca clathrata, Defr.
Comp. B. divaricata, Sow.
Comp. B. pusilla, Sow.
Comp. 4. donaciformis, Rve.
BOS I=——_ SONIA, SOW. .rccvesccvecccccsovece cncieasoess The ie
196 |Pectunculus inzqualis, Sow. (non Gray) 0. 3
=P, pectiniformis, Wood (non Lam.)
?+P. assimilis, Sow.
197 |—— ? multicostatus, Sow.....ccccvcccescossssscee|
Nuculide.
ee PAMCHIA CXIGUA, SOW. .,..censcreccccrcrcerccreccese| I]
199 |Leda Elenensis, Sow. .......sessecees seecdddieves oF ae
Aviculide.
200 |Pinna maura, Sow. ......s0.0 sliveaadd secdovessses} COM,
201 |—— lanceolata, Sow........e00.. Vecsetsddaadee doce) 18 Ee
202 | —— ? rugosa, Sow........+06 ercedeveass eeteeseses sae Wee
SPUERVICUIA StETNA, Gid. ..veconrcccccccrddesdiccscscas!| We Ue
=A. Atlantica, Mke.
204 |Margaritiphora Mazatlanica, Hand. ........500.| Ve I.
=A. fimbriata, Dkr.
205 |Isognomon Chemnitzianum, D’O7rd. ........0008| Te Us

= Perna flexuosa, Sow.

Other Localities.

Panama.
Senegal, West Indies.

Mauritius, Philippines, Cuba,
Venezuela, Central America.

Pan., Real Llejos, Bay Guayaq.
Gulf Tehuantepec.
Real Llejos, Tumbez, W. Indies.

Panama, Real Llejos.

Panama, Tumbez.
Tumbez.
Atacamas, RI. Llej., Xipix., Pan.

St. Elena, Bijooga Island,
Island of Plata, Panama.
East and West Indies.
Gulf Nicoya.

St. Elena, Taboga, West Indies,
and Fossil.

. |Panama, Payta.

Panama, Real Llejos, Puerto
Portrero, Guayaquil.

Ecuador, Guayaquil.

Panama, Bay of Caraccas.
Panama, St. Elena,

Panama.
Puerto Portrero.
Panama.
Panama.

Panama, W. Indies, Conchagua,

250 REPORT—1856.
No. Name. Freq.
206 |Isognomon Janus, 1. S. ...cccsessesssecsscsssesees!| Ce Te
Pectinide.
207 |Pecten CCUIATIS, BOW. Nitssacesecebuveccecscoced] 2
690 eae | sp. ind. (a) eeove Peer sees ee eee theese eenteteee e. re
691 2 sp. ind. (d) eeecee POSE EESEO HHO oR eR eeEeO OEE ODS 1
Spondylide.
208 |Spondylus calcifer, 1. S.....ssccccssevocssseeceeees| Me Us
= 8S. Lamarckii, Hanl. MS.
209 2 9 sp. ANU Seec taser te eeeeeecee Pee eeeeeeeseser
210 |Plicatula penicillata, n.s. .........+ biccaeunaninns ef Head
=P, dubia, var. Sow. MS.
Ostreade.
211 |Ostrea iridescens, Gray ..0...sceccertrecsseccveces| Vo.Te
?= 0. spathulata, Lam.
?= 0. margaritacea, Lam.
?= 0. equatorialis, D’Orb.
?=— 0. rufa, pars, Gld. =
212 Virginica, Gmel....... eiad ea chbinapsindeued f.
?= 0. rufa, pars, Gld.
213 |—— Columbiensis, Ham. ............0eseee0s ree a
214 |—— conchaphila, n.s. ........ sneesbheesixeandsae ‘nu.
2144)—— (?? » Va.) PAAR Bs cachnscannexscens ae
Comp. O. Cumingiana.
215 emo) sp. ind. POHCSOESS Hee HH THC ETEEOHS ere eerestes wees VY. r.
Anomiade.
216 |Placunanomia pernoides, Gray.......... ree e. i.
= Tedinia pernoides, Gray.
217 nee foliata, Brod. eeeescoeeees COoeCeeeeoeseere eevee 2
+P. pectinata, teste Gray.
+P. echinata, teste Gray.

218 = claviculata, n. Sectcvccteccecssoes eee eeeeereaee 2
219 |Anomia lampe, Gray...... Gtiecdcesanes scvcccedeasl Jie
Class PTEROPODA.

Unknown.
Class GASTEROPODA.
Subclass OpISTHOBRANCHIATA.
Order Tectibranchiata.
Cylichnide.
Eel iCylichna Ynticola, C. Bo MMs seccscdveccccconcves 2
222 |Tornatina infrequens, C. B. dd. ........ eae Vv. Ie
?= Bulla gracilis, Mke.
223 ara carinata, De Sevvsccrvcscces PP eeeeverece eeceeeee v. Yr.
Bullide.
224 |Bulla Adamsi, Mie. ..scccsceees SApwhs ecrqan serach ith ee
225 ———. ? nebulosa, Gid eevee PROC HH HHT ECC OOe ee eeeeees €. r.
226 Quoyli, Gray ..scsveenes eevevveseccceses eoesee| Co Ie
227 a exarata, n.S. SOCCER Eero Oe eeeeeee eeeeteee eee 2
228 ———ss sp. ind. eeeetee See ebeereeeeee eeeeeee Oecceee eeee il
229 |Haminea cymbiformis, N.S. ....scceceeesencecees 1
| Philinide.
692

Smaragdinella thecaphora, (Nutt.) nos. ......) 1

Other Localities.

Guaymas.

Panama.

Bay of Fonseca.

Senegal, Panama, Guacomayo.

Atlantic, Panama.

St. Elena.
S.Diego,S.W.Mex., Pan., W. Afr.)
Upper California, S.W. Mexico.

San Diego, Panama,

Senegal, Panama.
S.W. Mexico, Island of Muerte, ;
Guayaquil, West Indies.

Monterey, La Paz, Pan., Guayaq.

‘|Panama.
Panama.

-|Sta.Barb., San Diego, Guaymas.}
Galapagos. .

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA, 251

Name. : Other Localities.

Subclass PULMONATA.

Order Geophila.

Testacellida.
Glandina Albersi, PLP. sasvenehe veahsassnsveesacss| Es Ys
—— tulris COOC HHT EOre9SEeG COCKOCOOOSOEHO DELLE EH OEDE 2

Helicide.

Orthalicus zebra, Mill. ..... aie . |Brazils, Peru, Columbia, West
= Bulimus undatus, Lam. Indies, Conchagua.
+B. melanocheilus, Val.
+ Orthalicus livens, Beck.
+B. zigzag, Lam.
+B. princeps, Brod.
Ziegleri, Pfr. .s...000e SaFb Che ceperseraseacness és &
——— ? Mexicanus, Lam..cscceccoers bececepan

Order Limnophila.

Auriculide.
|Melampus olivaceus, n. Ss. se...
Limnide.
Physa aurantia,n.s. ...
=P. Peruviana, Mke. (asi Gray).
—— elata, Gld. ....cscoves deoceues vipenaeveverdsidt

PIGMOFMIG TUIMMENS, TS. scessccccsccpsececncesns ade
=P. tenagophilus, Mke. non D’Orb.

Order Thalassophila.

Siphonariade.
239 |Siphonaria Lecanium, Phil. .......ccceseeee. vs] C- |St, Elena, Guayaquil.

|239|—— , var. palmata........ Sa EIGEN 3

240 |—— eequilirata, 1.8. ......e0ssee. égiteeeddecadccns
241 tape | sp. ind. eeoeereovesves CPoeT COD ooo eaFOSAOG es

Subclass ProsoBRANCHIATA.
Order Heteropoda.

Lanthinide. | .
242 |Tanthina pratt. PliSe "ass poe needed cer nttacaue w+] Ye: /Sandwich Islands, Nuttall.
e. I.

Comp. J. globosa, Swains., and J. prolon-
gata, D’Orb.

Order Lateribranchiata.

Dentaliade.

Dentalium liratum, n. s...... eebea Prax Adusud axten
BYAMMUM, PR, oor esvcteoyeces
COTTUGATUM, N. Se seesseesscee

——— pretiosum, NULL. ..scccscsecceceserens

Order Scutibranchiata.

Chitonide.
Lophyrus articulatus, Sow..,...sccssseescessvsecss| Ce (San Blas.

252

REPORT—1856,

Name.

Lophyrus albolineatus, Brod. & Sow
StriaLO=SQUAMOSUS, I. S.......cccccccscsecess

Ponmicia Poems Recess ese ccevee hes ccnnccvesece
Lepidopleurus sanguineus, Fve....

Comp. Ch. limaciformis, Sow.
—— Clathratus, 1.8. ...cccccccceees (tieanncame oat
—— bullatus, n.s.........005 dvodaneghtones seamen

5 WAL. CRICHEFUS 0... c00cgtebueaes -

?—— MacAndree, 0. S....seseeesees phconwencqunnt
—— Beanil, n. 8. csscesseeeee See ane ea er.
Chiton flavescens, N.S. ......00s we Aa
Acanthochites Arragonites, n.s.

Patellide.

Patella Mexicana, Brod. & Sow.
=P. maxima, D’Orb.
— pediculus, PAIL. ...cccccerscccsserecervereeees
= P. corrugata, Rve.
—— discors, Phil....... ake eats a eapann Ween dsaecek
Nacella, sp. ind. ....cccscsees

eeeseeeeeesees

Acmeida.
Acmea mesoleuca, Mie..sccesccscvesecess 4h TEES ae
= Patella diaphana, Rve.
= Lottia ? patina, C. B. Ad. (non Esch.)
?+?A. personoides, Midd. ..... Gineeessahaweges
?+24. eruginosa, Midd.......... Heisei aveWasees
+P. striata, Rve. non Quoy....scccsseeeeess
+A. mutabilis, Mke. pars.
—— fascicularis, Mie. ..cccccccscessseese cngaeannt
+A, mutabilis, Mke. pars.
—— patina, Esch. (for syn. v. supra) ...
—— persona, Esch. ...cccccseeesvens saa tawanie eos
—— scabra, Nutt., Rve., Jay were. iganane an
Non P. seabra, Gld.
—— mitella, Mke........ 5 he Gate taints bile Wetec
=P. navicula, Rve.
Scutellina navicelloides, 1. S.cseccsssecccvevcecees

Gadiniade.
Gadinia pentegoniostOma, SOW. .ssrerereveeveeees

Fissurellide.
Fissurella virescens, Sow. ....ccccsrscceveses
—— Barbadensis, Gimel.] ....scssesseseevescecees
TUGOSA, SOW. veerercceveveeees

+F. chlorotrema, Mke.

+. humilis, Mke.

+. viminea, Mke.
—— NIZTOCINCHA, N.S. eevcseeeveseees
men, AD. IN. cersveusevessogsns
eee PON Tl. Be cecadvancatdwanens evahaubeasceseeras

?+F. gemmata, Mke. (jun.)

—— Peruviana, Lam.

eeeeeeeeeeenesee

—— SPONGiOSA, N.S. .rececvcesssescsovees SEES

Glyphis inzequalis, Sow. .
+ Fissurella pica, Sow.
+ F. mus, Rve.

rs ER a ED, EM euth vgn ean vnecepoventenbatonen

Rimula Mazatlanica, 2.6. (esse ccsecprscescecseecen

é. Yr.
er.

Other Localities.

Payta.

. |Acapulco.

S.W. Mexico.

Central America.

Kenai Bay.
Bodegas.
Galapagos.

. San Diego.

N. & S. temperate America.
Sitka—San Diego.
Monterey &c., S.W. Me xico.

Panama.
West Indies.
Galapagos.

Peru, Lobos, Iquiqui, Is. Mexil-
lones, Valparaiso.

Guacomayo, Galap., St. Elena, |
Monte Christi.

Panama.

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 253

No. Name. Freq. Other Localities.

Trochide.
282 |Callopoma fluctuosum, Mawe ..rscososseoveee| Ce |St. Elena, San Diego, Sitka.[?]
= Turbo Fokkesii, Jonas.
=T. fluctuatus, Rve.
283 |Phasianella perforata, Phil. .....seocscosseseeeee| @.¥. |Payta, Panama.

2833|\—— Var Strinlata 3822 Lashapepuaieeee = eee

284 Compta, Gla...) cis ccceseas me Chock cane 1 {San Diego, Sta. Barbara.
285 |Bankivia varians, jun., Beck ......ssesessees ....-| E |Australia, S. Africa.

286 |Uvanilla olivacea, Mawe ........ cictocssncoespest €, Gy [Sells MCRICO,

= Trochus brevispinosus, Val.
=T. erythrophthalmus, Phil.
ig i Melchersi, Mke.

287 ENTS, GIGI OU, seccveviceveses crvessceces 2
= Trochus olivaceus, Phil. (not Wood).
=U. variegatus, Gray in B.M.
288 unguis, Mawe ........000 Hinde hee sesesevee| @. Ce |S.We Mexico.

= Turbo digitatus, Desh.
= Trochus amictus, Val.
= T. stellaris, Mke.
289 |Trochus versicolor, Mke..........scccrssecsesseeee| C. |Payana.
?= Ziziphinus Californicus, A. Ad.
= T. eximius, Rve.
290 \—— MacAndresee, 0. 8. .....seccccessssesseeeeeeee) @ r. |Panama.
?= 7’. minutus, Mke.

325 — " f Sp. ind. Se eOPK ogee ee see eeeseeeeraseeere eoeeroees 1
291 |Omphalius ? rugosus, var. rufotinctus eDAiviaee y.r. |? China.
292 |\—— viridulus, Gimel...........scseeceees socccoeeeel L San Diego.

= Phorcus variegatus, A. Ad.
=Trochus Brazilianus, Mke. teste Ad.
+T7. Byronianus, Wood.

: +T. reticulatus, Gld. MS.

Weteod j—— ligulatus, Mile. ........scccsccecsoverescceces C.
?=Phorcus Californicus, A. Ad.
294 |—— globulus, n.s. ........45 Wioaws esedeniseilsan: i
?= Trochus glomus, Mke.

295 |Vitrinella Panamensis, C. B. Ad. ....... Siereevst 2 POGIERDES.
| 1296 GR AG. © iscssntvouces Kaemsies Heian 30 |Panama.
E297 |? — Cecussata, N.S. .ccsccsecrcccccccece Peamniu oes 30

RI TOMIIG, T, Se wrcccncccseccccccccccteccensooves 30

299 |—— monilifera, n.s....... Lean Ore Soper Vi

300 ee vanbodunenseta daveeed 1

301 |\—— subquadrata, n. 8. ...c.sseccsscecseoveee veal 2G

SI ——— TIMATA, 1. Ss ci ccccccstscccdccccccccescccveens 8

BOS \—— Difrontia, N.S. .......cocccccccsccccssccvecees 4

304 POPMALVA, VAT. NOGOSA ii ccccsscvecdecceee .| lL {Panama.

305 Oey CL Be Ad. fii cecvieccsse ees ides. 6 |Panama.

‘1306 GOrOMeths Ne Sy ccc ces. ds sGteceriwsaee ae il

307 ;? GPPMIEER, TY Be space secovseweseas Steel

= CINCUA, TR Sesccecsccccencesecccecsccccscensecens 1

309 MUPMMTMLGUS TIS, sess eckccescctdthecnsecnengene 1

BE |F-—-——- NALICOIGES, 1. S.....crcccrcrscccccssoseccccces 1

311 |? PRMMOGPITATA, WLS. cadircscsesceessveedsoeves 1

312 |p MEME IAS. Fosse sscncncotasieadhivessenceasss 4

RP CUAGtIA CATINALA, N.S. ..ceccdecccssccencvccceosesees 1

314 |? OEIC, TE. 'By hou ceaeas sense sisceve sonnseces 1
. 1315 |??-—— C-B-Adamsii, n.s. .......e0ee0 Evens rat it 1
| eG |?—,, sp. ind............. ks SP SE 1
Smee? |PGlobulus tumens, 0.8. ....ccsccccssssescccscsess 3
| {818 |Ethalia pyricallosa, n. s........06 sospabvncowatnens 1
| 43819 MEG, Th. Ss icncccccsecesdss ere! ie

320 —— pallidula, n. 8. Poo eeehOeseeeeOesevereseeneree 1

254 REPORT—1856. _ Jo 46

No. Name. Freq. Other Localities.
O2k iEthalia caritiata, 1.-B.cc... desceden.. Wisiibasiesccouke 2
322 |—— amplectans, ? 1. S. ..ccc0..seccnceccceseccsees 4
323 |Teinostoma amplectans, N, S.........sceeeeceeeees 2
324 |—— substriatum, n.s. ....c.see0e 8 oer, Presi 2
Neritide.
326 |Nerita scabricosta, Lam.....sscseeesese seseseeeeee| eC. [Is. Timor, Real Llejos, Panama,
=. ornata, Sow. S.W. Mexico.
+N. Deshayesii, Récl.
+N. multijugis, Mke. t
327 |—— Bernhardi, Récl. .....s.s006 dis 2: Peeters n.u. |Peru, Panama, S.W. Mexico.
=N. funiculata, Mke.
328 |Neritina cassiculum, Sow. ...cccecececeececeececs c. San Miguel.
329 Picta, SOW. srcccciaseocs saadioarsaspapeesn seeee{. & |Panama,

Order Pectinibranchiata.
Suborder RostRiFERA.

Naricide.
330 |Vanicoro cryptophila, n.s. (=Narica cr.)......| Fr.

Calyptreide.
331 |Trochita ventricosa, 1.8. ...cecccseeecseeeeeees ant Oe
332 |Galerus conicus, Brod. ......... tt Revatenenedenn e.r. |Pan.,S.W.Mex., Xip.&Salango.
333 | —— mammillaris, Brod. .....cccsesecccceeonees n.u. |Is. Muerte, Panama, Acap., Sta.
+C. regularis, C. B. Ad. Barbara, Payta—Guayaquil.

=C. Lamarckii, Mke.
?+ C. Lichen, Brod.
334 |Crepidula aculeata, Gimel. .....cecccscesesccsece | oc. |W. 1, E. and W.S. Am., Africa,
+. echinus, Brod. E. I., Australia, N. Zealand.
+C. hystrix, Brod.
+C. costata, Mke.
+C. Californica, Nutt.

335 |—— dilatata, Lam. .......0008 eee coe setters 2 {W. Coast S. America passim,
+C. Peruviana, Lam. ? Mauritius.
+. depressa, Desh.
+C. patula, Desh.

+C. Adolphei, Less.

+C. nautiloides, Less.

+C. strigata, Brod.

+. arcuata, D’Orb. teste Gray.
??-+--C. pallida, Brod.

?+C. foliacea, Brod.

?--C. Patagonica, D’Orb. (pars).

336 |—— dorsata, Brod., var. bilobata......... er.

337 |-—— excavata, Brod. sented ah eens <evecnayene 3 |Real Llejos, Panama.

BAG |e ACUTICR, SOW. i ccncendavvshansepesseccesces | er. |Bodegas, Da Fuca Str., Sta. Bar “
= C. solida, Hds. bara, Panama.

=C. rostriformis, Gld.
=C. rostrata, C. B. Ad.
= C. uncata, Mke.

= Garnotia solida, Gray.

B39 |—— incurva, Brod. ...cccccccrncessscscecsaceeees n.u. |San Blas. ‘Pan, Payta, St-Elena | .
= C. hepatica, Mke. non Desh., nec C. B. Ad. Xipixapi. \
nec Krauss. :

B40 J——— Onyx, SOW.......csccecseceeececes secseseeeees] Ve Te |Panama, ?S. and W. Africa. |
| = C. ?hepatica, C. B. Ad. non Mke.
= C. amygdalus, Val.
?=C. contorta, Mke.
+-C. cerithicola, C. B. Ad.
+. Patagonica+protea, D’Orb. pars.

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.

255

No. Name.

$41 |Crepidula nivea, C. B. Ad.,......e0cee ery ee
+C. squama, Brod.
+(C. striolata, Mke.
+C. Lessonii, Brod.
+C. unguiculus, var. Brod.
+C. protea, D’Orb. pars.
Comp. C. explanata, Gld. = C. perforans,
Val.=C. exuviata, Nutt.
unguiformis, Lam.......00 i wie. a piniialganee ans oon
Patella crepidula, Linn.
+C. Italica, Defr.
+C. plana, Say.
+P. goreensis, Gmel.
Crucibulum imbricatum, Sow. .......se.ee0e er
=C. scutellatum, Gray.
= C. rugosa, Less. non Desh.
+C. extinctorium, Sow. (non Lam.) = C.
dentata, Mke.

v.C¢.

342

343

Freq.

Other Localities.

Panama, Is. Muerte, S. America,
? Vancouver’s Strait.

Atlantic, both coasts ; Panama,
Singapore.

W.CoastAmerica, Panama,Peru.

344 |—— spinosum, Sow, ...cccseecsceees 5 Ne dupmee n.u. |W. Coast, Panama, Peru, Sta.
= C, peziza, Wood. Barbara.
+C. hispida, Brod.
+C. maculata, Brod.
+C. tenuis, Brod.
=C. tubifera, Less.
?+C. rugosa, Desh. = C. lignaria, Brod.+-C.
guiriquina,D’ Orb. = C. Byronensis, Gray.
345 |Calyptreea cepacea, Brod, ......ssee0000 vison ae 1 |Is. Muerte, Panama.
Capulide.
BettP FELIDOMYE SCITALUG, V1. S..ccccccsecvnsvscccesccences i
?=H. foliaceus, Mke.
347 PONIES; FAN, edgecnscscvayecensdcretees 3 | West Indies, Senegal, Lobos Is.,
4 = Pileopsis mitrula, Lam. Panama.
= Hipponyx Panamensis, C. B. Ad.
AG J———-_ PIANOS, 1. Se. ccsserccqesecrcoecdecccccccces --| 4 |Panama.
49 I — Darbatus, Sow. ..ccccsccccccccscccsscccvesers y.r. |Society Islands, Panama.
?=H. australis, Mke.
er GEAVONUS, DIC. ..crccncccerscccecsecccsaccecs 1 |Galapagos, Sandwich Islands,
=H. radiata, Gray (non Quoy nec Desh.) Panama, S.W.Mexico,Guinea.
351 |Capulus, sp. ind. (like C. militaris) ........0| 3
Vermetide.
352 |Aletes centiquadrus, Val. ......004 mandiees seeeee| DU. |S.W. Mexico, Panama.
+Vermetus Peronii, Val.
3520;—— § VEE. IMDTICALNE <00...0008 rere ee
353 Marwaritarum, Val. ...ccccaccccccecesace Se
394 |Vermetus eburneus, Rve...s.c...scessceereescceecs y.r. |S. America, W. Columbia.
?Jun.= V. pellucidus, Brod. & Sow.
ee |r DAVOMIR CONLOTEA, 11. S. occceccvascsccassananccacce Yr.
? = Vermetus glomeratus, Mke.,C. B. Ad., non
Phil. nee Linn.
Comp. V. Panamensis, C. B. Ad.
3555] —— , Var. indentata ......00 Le oe had MB
a pore IMMA, Ths Bac wcscscuéadac..cndeoccencnccas seks 3
RE MU MINETS (OD) «ccs cnsincmannevccecpeneccseetccen
358 |——, # : calbsdabtcdiians santni as Anksaamsin ape eae |
359 |Petaloconchus macrophragma, N.S. ....0....0 n.u. |Panama.
Cecide.
360 |Cecum (Elephantulum) insculptum, n.s......| 2
61 —— subspirale, n.s. ..c.eee perenne A 12
362 |——— abnormale, N.S. ..ceseee aon ees <aargeale ore
363 6

ee Cee obtusum, The Se evcrccccceece eeeeeccense

378

379

380

381
382

383

384
385
386
387

388

389
390
391
392
393
394

REPORT—1856.

Name. Freq.

Czcum (Elephantulum) liratocinctum, n.s....| 50

+var. tenuiliratum.
-+var. subobsoletum.
-+var. subconicum.
— HGPlAPONUM, TelB.erecscchaccevsecseees: of
—— (Anellum) elongatum, n. BS hancasue sag
?+-var. semileve.
——— —— subimpressum, 0. 8. srcceccoceeee coos] «68
—— firmatum iC. B.A, vec.icccccesedvave|. 24
+C. diminutum, C. B. Ad.
+C. pygmeum, C. B. Ad.
-+-C. monstrosum, C. B. Ad.
+C. firmatum, C. B. Ad.
—- =< Glatirntaan, MG, .ssadecarenescsecnwas| «<0
—— QUGMTAEER, DSRS: va. vevdavdostecstavesl | Se
-+var. compactum.
— — undatum, n.s. ......06. ssverdviieiides B20
2-+C. parvum, C.B. Ad. ose... Purse sweduansabegpueaias
— Rohit ag ear eve, CoB. Ads osu: aaeanennss 170
—— farcimen, 1. S. ...ccccsecccsseees sane 8
— SADTIFOMINE, N. Go's dads cadets esevceces 5
—_ corrugulatum, 1.8. ...cccscees svesasap ot
—_ GEXGFOVERSUM, The Se. cdaceescssnasceces 20
a POVCTSUM Ms Ge dav cvrtidn tesvavideaseaeal” <0
—— —— TEIeS, I. S....000e. Miaseveows caneevevese] 18
Turritellide.
Turrifélla Pohiosfoma, Val. .cccoccsceoces onasec| De Ue

= T. Broderipiana, D’Orb.
+7. lentiginosa, Rve.
?+T7. Hookeri, Mke. (non Rve.)
?+ 7. Banksii, Rve.
TIETINA, KtOtee sie cccscecscsecsesecesveas sees
= T. imbricata, Mke. (?non Lam. )
?+ 7. Cumingii, Rve.
?+ 7. leucostoma, Val.

Cerithiade.

Cerithium maculosum, Kien......ccececeeeess ecu
= C. adustum, C. B. Ad.
=C,. nebulosum, Sow.

?var.=C. adustum, Sow. (non Kien.)

—— ?famelicum, C. B. Ad., var. medioleye.,.
= C. umbonatum, Sow.—Mus. Cum.
Comp. C. musica, Val.

—— ?uncinatum, Gmel. ..... Prcntbes hives eeeees
=C. famelicum, C. B. Ad. pars, teste Sow.

——, sp. ind. (a)

mew albolirattm, We Be: cvadacavctncahebacececssvee

——, sp. ind. (0) ...... coudevesessaupabivenaddeads

—— stercus-muscarum, Vail...... ae wa
= C. irroratum, Gld.
=C. ocellatum, Mke. (?non Brug.)

—— interruptum, Mke.,....... ee eengny

?=C. Gallapaginis, Sow.
Vertagus gemmatus, ds. ....cdeectsuantpenedvnns

COCs eeeee COC ee ereneeeeereee eereee

seomeets (OYEs UMN Weccantdleivareccocivdies ae
Triforis alternatus, C. B. Ad... .wessesecees wala
—— inconspicuus, C. By Ad...ccccccccssceecceees
—— ?infrequens, C. B. dd. ....sccseeee wdvedeev

Cerithidea Montagnei, D’ Ord. ....,..
=Cerithium Reevianum, C. B. Ad.
Comp. C. pulchrum, C. B, Ad.

Other Localities.

Panama.

Panama.
Panama.

Acap., S.W. Mex., Pan., Payta,
Salango, Guacomayo.

Conchagua.

Acap., Gal., S.W. Mex., Taboga.

Panama, S.W. Mexico.

Panama, S.W. Mexico.

Acap., S.W. Mex., Pan., Galap. |

Panama, Galapagos.
Panama.

Panama.
Panama.
Panama.
Guayaquil, Panama.

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 257

No, Name, Freq. Other Localities,
395 |Cerithidea ? varicosa, var. Mazatlanica.........| n.¢c. |Guayaquil, Panama.
= Cerithium validum, C. B. Ad.

Litorinide.
396 |Litorina conspersa, Phil. ....cccccccsvscscosceess e.c. [Real Llejos, Panama.
+L. punciiculata, Phil.
= TL, modesta, Mke. non Phil.
397 MAO es caty nyc oes ava cackas sogeace sung n.u. |Sitka, Mexico, S. Salvador, Pan.
nt EMAP PI, T.Se ca ceecccevccteveccsrescssencs €.
TL VIG, 0, ciccinc dacs osdvokeveceseneessonuncse 3
400 RAS GPO 5.50 « naasedapeaaiesbenace y.r. |Tumbez, Panama.
401 |Modulus catenulatus, Phil. ......ccceccceccseees nou. |Taboga, S. America.
= M. trochiformis, Eyd. & Soul.
402 |——, sp. ind. ....... Peas apa sualhs ssh Gpsaing aa teens 1
EES 7 3 |Acapulco.
= M. duplicatus, var., A. Ad.
= WM. dorsuosus, Gld.
BEE PP OSEATUS TUDETOSUS, Ml. S...0000.0sccccsncsavecccecce 3
405 ER Mas rf dans oatheacdennseenaaser sen 2
406 |—— (Isapis) maculosa, 1. S........ceeeeseseeeees eT,
407 et Ms WN vec caiedsccdtasvcpbesess naiabnie 1

Rissoide.
me |MISSOINA Stricta, Mie........c.ccececcescecadces ees 1
409 |-——, sp. ind. ......... Fees Saudi seinen a valid anc: 2
410 | ——_ Wood wardii, 1. 8. ...cccccsccsesccsceercseees r
Se arlccia Lirata, 1. 8.% ......0ccscccascccscscccsscece 9
Mee |AlVADIA EXCUTVAtA, Th. S....00c0cscoccsscerscecvcens Y
I CHEE, 11, Byesc sca... roassovencveravccccerecesvs 1
414 |—— tumida, 0.8. ...cceccsceseeeee Sule Sevsbnepeees 2
BED |=, BP. ING. ..0.0..csecevecsesscces Seranaecyenemras 1
0G AE 1
a 7 er 4 |Europe, Caspian, United States,
= Paludinella stagnalis, Midd. Ochotsk Sea.
418 ?——, Sp. i eoerereee® PCoeeseces Coreoreseveree 1

Jeffreysiade.
W419 |Jeffreysia bifasciata, n.S. ....ssscscccosscnssceecs 90
4 420 naz Alderi, n. Ss. Ceteeerere POP e PP OT eH ereteeeonver a
421 |—— tUMens, N.S. ....cccecseccsescenees cbaabasas sue -¥g
UNS iegopessscons vocassscscsbeceacseceas 2

Truncatellide.
SEE TUMCHTONE, BDF INA.” ',,...secccsescssisscecsccuceesl '' 2

Planaxide.

{424 |Planaxis nigritella, Forbes ......scscececeees soooee| €o a. (San Juan.
=P, acutus, Mke.
+P. obsoletus, Mke.
SPAIQUA SWPPALITATA, 1.8. se..ccscecessescocesdbaa cee 50
Comp. Cingula tervaricosa, C. B. Ad. ......|..ce00ess Jamaica.
B= PAMMEOMS TIS. ces scsccesecscoesacvestatcrdas
MF FETEDTALIS; 1. 8. oo. cc cescovocccccccocccscecace
Me j= AIADASEIILES, N. S..o.ccsccccesscccccccccsvecess
Se HORINUA, Ty Bo Sic vcssscevsscesvodeecscacceWeaes
430 |? EIS flo Bs abiveescsabesdngcecdeseescccceeee
431 |?—— mutans, NOM. Prov. ccccoecssececeeccceeeace
432 |?—— laguncula, nom. Prov. .co...cscsevecescenes
?
?

Pe ANG. (2) oo sccccesnvsverersecvencsencnens
By (D) cee sscecescerscscosececdcoccccstcens

fee ee ee i

* The absence of typical Rissoe among so many species of small shells is deserving of
notice,

1856. s

258

435

436

437
438

439
1440
44]
442

443
(444

445
446

447

448
449

450

451
452
453
454
455

456

457

458
459

460
461

462
463

464
465
466
467

REPORT—1856.
Name. Freq.
Ovulide.
Radius vatiabilig ©. B. Ad. .ccccseccscchues caves r.
= 0. Californica, Sow.
Cypreide.
Cyprza exanthema, Linn. ....... Goh os cxnvaedeaene n. u.
?-+-C. cervus, Linn. =cervina, Lam.
+C. cervinetta, Kien.
Luponia ? spurca, Linn. ..4...cts.. sweets sieeve 1
Aricia arabicula, Zam. ..... det bes esses ceneests e.c
?-++ 4. punctulata, Gray.
Trivia. pustulata, Laen sch. .cesescchosssevanuescet Cc.
TAGIANS, LAM... vuvecsiccccteccsctbvvesssvaeees Ts
—— Solandri, Gray .........cccccecccseecesccescs Vv. Ts
————~ SAR PUINER, AGPAY 6 sada cacovesnhsscesecsccacss c.
+T. fusca, Gray.
?-+C. lathyrus, Dufresne.
——— Pulla, Gash. ..cccccssccssdecccsesssvedessass 1
—— Subrostrata, Gray...e..ccccccceveensecceveess 1
Cancellariade.
Cancellaria urceolata, Hinds ......secccsceeseeees v. Ir.
—— FONIOSTOMA, SOW. rocccccovsscoovcccccceces | D. Ue
Strombide.
Strombus galeatus, Swains. ....ccscseseseseeeees €.
=. galea, Wood.
= S. crenatus, Sow.
—— granulatus, Swains. .....0... Seeseveveeunes e.T.
——— BTACIIO‘, SOW. ...cecccessccorsscescsccsccass v. 7.
Suborder Toxirera.
Terebride.
Terebra (Myurella) albocincta, n. 8. .......0.08 n. ¢.
?=T. armillata, Mke. (non Hinds).
— Piped .2 0. 8. hos paths sdaceussssaaseas 6
—— —— subnodosa, ?n. 8. ....cececeeeeeeeeeees 2
—— FHAOCIMETEA, PRY Begageccdcccecersecac'as 2
Supmla luctmosa, ds. .0;. knss gn duvdscedssosecccas Cc.
Euryta fulgurata, Phil. ..cccccccccccocssencceesecs c.
= Terebra arguta, Gld.
—— aciculata, (? Lam.) Hinds .......0.0e0seeees 2
Pleurotomide.
Pleurotoma funiculata, Val. ...ccccccescceseeees v.r
=P. olivacea, var. Rve. a pr. man.
sme IMACIIOSH, NOW scverchavonthuckevscecesssaven nu.
PITULA INCTASSAEA, Ot s- 5 cakcc Mammadasn<sanacwin cat 1
= Pleurotoma Botte, Kien.
TUS, SOU dees eccxtenmenstte ets Prin nik Oa er
—— aterrima, var. Melchersi ...........c.es00+ nc
= Pleurotoma maura, Val.
?+P. atrior, C. B. Ad.
?+-P. discors, Sow.
Pam COTITHOIdea, N.S. ..esccceccccesccscpecccoees 3
meen OMEIDEO. FEVO. 4 se snieccuhsiudtsavaseeuassies 1
= Pleurotoma cincta, Sow. non Lam.
memes PO OVISULCE AR, BeiNs vscncahess efeacdassssnanseesen 1
—— albovallosa, 1. 8...ccccccceesesecescscecsaeees 1
GPCI Us UL Shs ia chin w a.s chic an nonhaang ean eane
— luctuosa, Hinds (1843), non D’Ord .,.

3
_n.u. |Bay Guayaq., Gulf Magdalena. |

. |Monte Xti, Panama.

Other Localities.

Pan., San Juan, Sta. Barbara.

West Indies, Pacific Islands.

Atlantic.

S.W. Mex., Pan., St. Elena and
Real Llejos. [Lat. 1-10°.

S.W. Mexico, Panama, Is. Plata.|

St. Elena, Panama, Acapulco.

St. Elena, Panama.

Galapagos, Bay Guayaquil.

Gulf Papagayo, San Blas.
Conchagua, San Saly., Taboga.

Gulf Nicoya, Taboga,S. W. Mex.

St. Elena, Gal., Pan., S.W. Mex.|
St. Elena, Panama, La Paz.

Gulf Nicoya, Puerto Portrero. |
East Africa.

Acapulco, Xipixapi.

San Blas, S.W. Mex., G. Nicoya.

W. Columbia. |
Panama, Monte Xti.

Monte Xti.

Monte Xti, Xipixapi, Panama.

-

«

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 259

No. Name. Freq. Other Localities.
aos |Drillta, Hanleyi, n. 8. .....iceesterscdesssnsvseseses 1
469 PESTbe LUC. (2) > sa caseseassedts «aches seeauamecsss ve
a0 ——, CO). <eiies dich badeceedes salut togpaneenes 2
471 Clathurella rava, Hinds = Defrancia r., Wee 2 {Gulf Nicoya.
EAD |= AUTEA, U.S. versasaariddesscdeveciesesccvscasces 1
473 |Mangelia ? acuticostata, var. subangulata...... 1
7A \Cibhara, SP. ind. sescavesseca...ctescedeves wdeawns ae ee
Conide.
Myf |CONUS TePularis, SOW.sscsis..scdscsedeersencescsees n.c. |Gulf Nicoya, Pan., Guaymas.
Comp. C. arcuatus, Br. & Sow. in Z. B. Voy.,
non Rve.
476 purpurascens, Brod. ....iseccisecosssscevees e.r. |Panama, San Blas,Is.Annaa[?],
+C. comptus, Gld. S.W. Mexico.
Comp. C. interruptus, Brod. & Sow.
4977 POPAMLATIS: POWs veaccedevedessadsecedecnsieved> e.r. |Real Llejos, Pan., S.W. Mexico.

?=C. purpurascens, var.
?=C. achatinus, Mke.

478 AFCNAtUS, BUG. ..0..2000000 scans euwdtecdine: 1 |East Indies.
479 |—-— puncticulatus, Hwass. seccccccsceceeee ange ns &
480 |—— gladiator, Brod..........cescscoecscssceseeees r. |Panama, S.W. Mexico.
481 EMS OU cn wins shvnsatssuchddatbousenicaonsns e.r. |Galapagos, Taboga.
482 PSCMIAMIS ) Gls ccuvesbededbior issesiacesanesa 1
483 |??——, Sp. ind. (@)..0.....s000ee bi hatetTincdseti ges 1
Suborder PRoBoscIDIFERA.
Solariade.
484 |Torinia ?variegata, La. ..c..scocscecsescssecees 5 |Panama, West Indies.
=Euomphalus radiatus, Mke.
MVEOO |— 2 Sranosa, Val. ...rsciscccsseccvecvcveccccces 1 |Acapuleo.
| ?= Solarium fenestratum, Has.
Pyramidellide.
486 |Obeliscus ? conicus, C. B. Adee... cccceeceeseuees 1 |Panama.
#57) \Odostomia sublirulata, n.$. ..:....ccccccsecsssee 1
BO | ——=$5 SPs UNG occ. ori tessvatstercddccestocsericereess 1
489 | —— lamellata, ns. ..ccccsecsceccccseccccccscoos 4
490 PURINICALAS We Soicadeetviiesd sacabessavenwdes=s 4
BP ANAT ATT Se). iccccsccdscccdecccnccccesccceses 10
492 |\—— mamillata, 1.58. .....cecccesscccscceecsceeeees ]
493 |—— tenuis, n.5s...... av RINK es adM sic Morsiidiarensens 2
494 |~—— (Auriculina), sp. ind. (@) ............00000 3
495 |—— ——, CD etcseehavencsstee Se smunwases 2
496 ; OPP iesee ches ua scious tansawaweese 1
497 |Parthenia scalariformis, 1. 8. ............eceeeeees 2
498 MUMIGUECINCLA, NS. bec0esscecsceescecdocdes 2
GO |=——— JaCumata, 1. S....ccccocscscctccccsscces idoesete 7
Se ATMOATAS Ts Ss sacseoussbacedbuceddccccscceectes 12
501 PRACHUDG la Ns seicdcrssdsipisnewaccecsstarseses 2
502 ZAAUPUIND, TN. B. vecivctesscgencdededsdedscsess 1
BUS |Chrysallida ovata, 0.8. .....soctveccsccdesseccsces 12
504 HOGOSD, TES. .ccccvsceacecd’ peatdtadcgisderes 5
Ee | ————" TOUNGATA, M/S. ss cciccscedcscccdencdscsseeces 10
B= ODIONGA, Ne S..cccsscccdcccecsssabesececstesians 5
DO7 |\—— communis, C. B. Ad..........ccccccssceveces 500 |Panama.
BOS |—— telescopium, nN. 8. ......cccccocsscsrcccoceees 13
Bite ———~. REIQEMI, N.S. ......-0deccaserccbecoessrcecoes 1
SR — CLUS, Ti S.cc. oecccnsedenseseeceesconscppenees 1
511 HABCLATAY UsiSe siutecseed eaGViacsheaawceas tens 20
512 VOM Ts Be setocscessoencdccestacceciweasres 70
513 | —— clathratula, n.s.....cecseeeeeees were nanan 1 |Panama.

sQ2

260 REPORT—1856.

No. Name. Freq, Other Localities,

514 |Chrysallida conVexd, n.'s.:|..cd..ccgedeeessssceauel-.- 2

515 Photis, 9:6. Sec,.s0s : ee See ee eee

HIG. a WUGEW bates TN. Be 2. - yak sackesew dees sintiteugna 2

517 |?? “CLAUSHTINES M182 oo. tec eajccedede ence ot ee:

518 |Chemnitzia ? Panamensis, C. B. Ad. ....00...00. 1 |?Panama.

OLD j-——=— GC_B-AGaMSI, We B. xc ceonsdeccssecveaseedeuter 12

O20 fo PRIS, C, Bo Ad. ceases sos deesesves accuse 6 |?Panama.

ed Neem BEUIEUIS, Ce Bre AG casscccconcngeccsucségeoass 6 |Panama.

522 HRUNICAtH, Mf, ce eccshwsmasacc guowanatialneees 5

Saha © ats, CB AM i ct thdediccdddcectne 1 |?Panama.

524 prolonesgte, M.k....<cbscses. ss see Gnaeeetes 6

Bad |= ENIDONA, N.S, hyncccssebucaceedadersasaenseenws 2

526 |——, sp. ind. (@) wicsessccevcesececeenenes stastal 2

527 Dai. == (d ) Pepe e POP ere e eee rere te Oennsseseeees 1

o26 RED raskecctatethenescdon see cdensl tetas 1

aS ee Aaa lk. didi css 1 -

530 PROCUIMENR ST Is 2 wine ate taueij omnancevuswes ov 2

Pod. fe WEIMAALG: He K..” lp concoct ok ces camane scewewese des 2

532 |—— flavescens, 1. 8. .....scccceseeecsesceeees sadwal +E

aed b-—_ FETE OTALIG, TH, Se. ben dcaboodh eds wodlonevedvece 1

534 |—— tenuilirata, 0. S....scescsceveccscceeesencevess 2

535 WESCOTT AS Bia eho. wee dlc avuiseie veces vet il

536 |—— (Dunkeria) paucilirata, 1. $...0....sc00000 1

537 |—— —— subangulata, n.$.......c0c..dsceeeeees 5

538 |-—— cCancellata, 0:8 tances cccka's ota eeeeau 1

539 IBKETDIEMIA, N.S; cy seca sennvmanewawck 2

p40 i Bulmmetia obsoleta, 0.8. dusccc.cesececeoncecees 1

541 |——, sp. ind. (@) ...eeeeee aie supeeeenctencateesnes 1

542 |——, B) YS, sche Goths Padacav stan cgeanerrceaee 1

543 |—, RO) deeecnds sane davecencsteuntne wenaenae 1

ES ee ery a 1, aR eidd ib edeanncaticn conmouarentenein 1

BA | Aclin Historie, 1, B-..4inavwcwgeedsccpecercetaceeed 4

546 RICO Hiss desisitndenn st ici romenees 1 |? Java.

Bad ‘inmbimen © Whestata, SOW. ves ccacdexcennsecseeswawes 6 (|St. Elena.

548 » sp. ind. 18) bined Jodtntgns hams apnell‘cl ease 2

DAD BY eee cecccnccdnccd lc sacg seu vant teers 3

550 Leiostraca As BC CB. BGs ohinaet vn 2 |Panama.

551 PRolitarig, GC, be. AG. (ccudMnccansceuvetewenss 3. |Panama.

DOS bere, Bib. UNE. CE) oentasneguonstennsnevcrestecceet 1

553 |—, AO). Seanaersconvahpequaoucts wapyier Coes 1

OOS ———~ CAPS He Be case csccagcosanecans gees ateeates 1

555 |—— ? iota, var. retexta ...........48 stnceeeeeese | 2 |?Panama. : me

956 |—— ?distorta, var. yOU ..cscssscesossscveeenees 34 |West Indies, Atlantic, Britain.
Cerithiopside.

557 |Cerithiopsis tuberculoides, n.s.....,.c0ecseeeeeee| 9

557b|,———. ?. 5 MAL. SAROROMORE suis cn keyreaniinanns ee

558 cerea, Pi Nisin sin dadiesach agus willieie tindaeasemsnas 1

559 pupiformis, n.s....... Sites cp vase ch esah Meet Te |

560 DOROE iB. secaxcadnnanmedes ee Se siaatebiitont 4

j561 COMVEKA, WieR..sdsced vx + thanghvchaapaauiin panna ae

562 CQOUASANG Di. Mica sxnnigias apesedbetasesscccaal 2

563 |—— assimilata, C. B. Ad. ......cccc00e PLD 5 OS. 20 |Panama.

Scalariade. ‘

564 |Scalaria hexagona, Sow......secssecesereseesseeeee| 2 |Acapulco, Panama.

565 |—— suprastriata, 0. S. ..scccsssesceeessessssveees| 8

566 |——, sp. ind. (@) .....6... ee ere ioral

567 oe ee SCOT OR OHH eee eeeeeene Peeroveres 1 ~

568 |—— raricostata, I. S......scocsesceesees wehects aoeen<s 2

569 |—— (Cirsotrema) funiculata, ?n. seats vesseee] 2 |Panama.

570

580

581

582
583
584

585

586

587
588
589

590

591
592
593

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.

Naticide.

Blatsea MATOCCANA, CREMM,. .usicisvvccoccsencavisss
= Nerita marochiensis, Gmel. (non Lam.)
+ Natica lurida, Phil.
+N. unifasciata, Lam. pars (non nonnull.).

+N. Chemnitzii, Pfr. non Récl.=N. Prit-

chardi, Forbes.
?+ NN. iostoma, Mke.
Comp. JN. fessellata, Phil.
ROD Gs 2). cevesinenee Wren ee ee wane
PATI CENUILUT ALA, TD. So.ce.cerecsssecccncsiouon sis
, Sp. ind. (a)

POOREST HOHH He ee ee eeeeEemSOeneote

BPINCOR TIDET, VF Ooavscccccccsnveccescsccrnccscees
+N. alabaster, Rve.
?= WN. ovum, Mke.
Comp. N. rapulum, Rve.

Lamellariade.
RMMMCHANIA, GD. IT, (2) siisevorsicddecssscorgechs

?———-, ——— (b

yp TTT LG) aoc ereccseveserecene Pocereresesevees

Ficulide.

eG VERITICOSR, SOW. ..-....ccccsseocucccnsesgipe
= Bulla decussata, Wood.

Tritonide.
Triton (Argobuccinum) nodosum, Chemn. ..
= Triton Chemnitzii, Gray.
= Fusus Wiegmanni, Anton.
= Cassidaria setosa, Uinds.
= Triton perforatus, Conr.

Turbinellide.

Turbinella ceestus, Brod.
= T. ardeola, Val.

Fasciolariade.
DEUS COTAIUS GT AY. seinec...cossc0ssss000008 vee
Leucozonia cingulata, Lam. ........seeccsssesees
PAasCiOlaria PIINCeEps, SOW. ..0.00...0ccesdeoreveree
=F, aurantiaca, Sow. (non Lam.)
PEM OT IP OCR © osc ccccccerccdicnedossisnerences
= Tiara foraminata, Swains.
= Mitra Dupontii, Kien.
Strigatella tristis, Brod........8.... ie eee

Volutide.
Marginella minor, C. B. Ad. ....66..ceeees ees
PR OEM TL ISs cos'synckonsncccwasaacsssssins sbbcens
a eS ee
Comp. M. ovuliformis, D’ OLD. ........seeeees

Olivide.
Pye raAMeUlata, LAM2...........0creecersancsabacovs
= Voluta incrassata, Dillw.
ERHCTS, D7RC.: ...ccvesisnprcnncsumeusereten
MMEETUNCUA, © 11, Se). .cwiivesvecesdpaerepaeneas
PEM ULAtA, LANG, oo... tecdsessevads Pda Ls
+ 0. araneosa, C. B. Ad.
= O. reticularis, var., Rve.

994 = Duclosi, Cnc tcigleiidtiedeeoeks anaceooret

261

Other Localities.

n. C, |Guaymas, Panama,S. W. Mexico,
Demerara, Philippines, Aus-
tralia, E. and W. Africa, Red
Sea, Pacific Islands.

1
2
1
5
a
n.u. |Acapulco, ? Panama, Peru.
1
1

e.r. {Acapulco,S.W. Mexico, Panama
(Havre Col. only).

n.u. |Panama.

n.u. {Bay Caraccas, Taboga.

e. r. |Galapagos, Panama, S.W. Mex.

e.c. |W. Mexico, Panama,

n.u. |Peru.

n.u. |Pan.,St. Elena, Is. Plata, La Paz.

n.u, |St. Elena, Galapagos, Panama.

200- |Panama.

6
30 '
West Indies.

e.r. |Pan., G. Nicoya, B. Magdalena,

Vat.

20

n.u. |Panama.

2

262 REPORT—1856.
No. Name. Freq. Other Localities.
595 |Olivella undatella, Lam.....c..ccccoccccccsercccoes c. |Acapulco, Panama,
= Voluta tenebrosa, Wood.
5OG leva tergind, Ditthisrssicsar.desoscbecssccncsevssser e.c. |Conchagua.
OZ ls BRABOTA, UGE oy)... ponceccavevenveccuccsons 3. | Xipixapi.
598 ?petiolita, var. aureocincta ............08. v.r. |? West Indies.
599 |—— inconspicua, C. B. Ad. ........seeeeeeereeee 20 |? West Indies.
G00 | —— dama, Mawe ..........ccccescccssccecececenes :
= O. lineolata, Gray = O. gracilis, Ducl.
= 0. purpurata, Swains.
601 ZORRUS, PIMs nc ccis«o<tasys cone deus vetsnesenss e.r. |Acapulco.
B02 |Aragonia testacea, Lam....;...cee+ssedvenesavasasa c. |Acapulco, Real Llejos, Panama.
= Oliva hiatula, Ducl. pars (?non Lam. ye
Purpuride.
603 j Purpura patala, Litticcon... Jno. gpsctnseecasesneaens n.u. |Senegal, W. Indies, Philippines.
=P. pansa, Gld.
604 |—— columellaris, Lam. .......sseeeeseccseceees n.u. |Galapagos.
B05 | —— muricata, Gray ooo... precnssccencer'vednacsves e.r. Acapulco, Monte Xti, Panama.
=F peice dole D’ Oub. =P. truncata,
Ducl.
606 |—— biserialis, Blainv. .......cccccesceeecececeees
=P. bicostalis, Rve. (? non Lam.) ,
=P. hemastoma, Mke. (? non Linn.)
=P. undata, Val., C. B. Ad. (non Lam.)
+P. consul, Mke. (non Lam.)
?+P. hematura, Val.
Comp. P. Hloridana, Conr. 2....0cc.cccserces West Indies.
607 triserialis, Blainv,. ......ccccoee PMS on 8 r. |Acapulco.
. =P. speciosa, Val.
=P. centiquadra, Val.
608 Criampularis, Blaine. (o.scsscrescsnaseriacecss r. |Galapagos, Taboga.
=P. Carolensis, Rve.
609 |Cuma kiosquiformis, Ducl.........seeecssseeeseeee v.r. |Panama, La Paz.
+ Purpura scalariformis.
610 COStRIAT PGES <.< ac doacedeeawecntks Sma sanna
| Comp. Purpura diadema, Rve. +
611 |Rapana (Rhizocheilus) nux, Rve. ....0.......00
?+ Rh. Californicus, A. Ad.
612 /Vitularia salebrosa, King ...00s..seqgoecnecseneses n.u. |Panama.
= Murex vitulinus, Gray (non Lam.)
613 |Nitidella cribraria, Lam...........cccccsseescceees r. |WestIndies, Panama, Ascension
=Columbella mitriformis, King ?=Voluta Island, Africa, Jaya.
ocelata,Gmel. = Buccinum parvulum,Dkr.
+C. guttata, C. B. Ad.
GES fey Os INE. To ec ese ida cccc aden tecegbansecdsacins
Buccinide.
615 |Columbella major, Sow...,,...sccseeceseseeveseees e.c. |Panama, S.W. Mex., Is. Muerte.
= C. strombiformis, var. Kien.
?=C. gibbosa, Val. ?=C. paytalida, Kien.
616 strombiformis), Dani... erscasqdtacisasssace n.u. |[s. Muerte, Panama, Payta.
617 FORCHEA, SOW....cscaccoqnncnfeosegadtbasbeeasan ec. |Pan., San Blas, Acap., Mte Xti,
=C. meleagris, Kien. St. Elena.
618 |? cervinetta, N. S......06 sic lagen ghinehacac
6182 p War. Obsoleta.;: ....secsugasesceavienss
619 |PMetula, ep, ind. (4) ..,.00.cccceceseyrecees ie
G20 fy HB). cimcncccentencccescncqecont Pyaciowes
ND ee er In sinninnd seh ss ngs ges tues eeeeeuenan
G22 |——$$, ——-. (0). neaccencorcencegguvecqesccnsences re
623 |Nassa luteostoma, Brod. § Sow. .....escceceeee e.c. |Acapulco, Real Llejos, Panama.
=. xanthostoma, Gray,
G24 |—— tegula, Rve. .....ccscssccsssecssseceuscsscess

= Buccinum tiarula, (Kien. ) B. M.

639

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 263

No. Name. Freq. Other Localities.
6244|Nassa tegula, var. nodulifera, Phil. .........+ of ak
625 RINE TNs Soiana:s « ccsec0cpiaseareedexmacsocsinesé 4
BAG) [————, BP. INA. () ....cseccecececccreceresovccasees 2
i ——, ——- (D) . a. rcrcercccccencgrocnccesecessorsing 1
G2B |\——,, —— (C) .cirecscscvccescecesescneeesecsoenes 2
G29 |\——, ——_ (d) cecssccensssceseccscceeersenccvceees 2
BA ——-—=, ——- (€) crccncecccccnorgpeapeccecsevcenscees 1
631 | —— ?gemmulosa, C. B. Ad. ......secseeseceeeees 5 |?Panama.
ae I-— Pyersicolor, C, B, Ad.,.csccgscscesecrsseceses e.r. |?Panama.
633 SREOIETT ALAS Ts Ws; ss'spaesccwecess decavennaes s |
GSA |——, SP. Id. (f) ocorcrecepescccvsseesceneeererece i
nr () —, cavit sovenpasvenisegeesonderinsnee 2
G36 |\——, ——_ (2) eevrseceercersrecesccevercnserensers 2
D7 \——-p —-—— (4) noncencncrscrssncccccsessccerecccsccees 1
Pyrulide.
638 |Pyrula patula, Brod. & Sow. ......+++. deqeccctece c. {Acapulco, Bay Caraccas, Pan.

=P. melongena, var., Sow.

Muricide.
Fusus pallidus, Brod. & Sow. ....sesceseveeeees e.r. |Callao, Hds.
=Pyrula lignaria, Rve.
var. = Pyrula turbinelloides, Rve.
Comp. P. anomala, Rve.= Neptunea anceps,
A. Ad.: also P. lactea, Rve.

640 |—— tumens, 0. S. ...........00s ee a eee 1
HPAL |=. APPET EUS, D. Se 0... .00ecercrcccssscccccscocsese 6
B42 |——, Se UN. (2) crcccrerceccnadrecrcceccrovecenes 1
643 | ——, —— (BD) wrsceessseeveees weuccnarpetess tyes: 1 A
644 |?Cominella, sp.ind. .......-- RE re ar 1
B45 jAnachis scalarina, Sow. ....,....specseecscseessres 3 |Panama, Chiriqui.
646 |—— costellata, Brod. & Sow. ......eccecceeese. v.r. |Panama.
6462, —— ?——-, var. pachyderma .........sesee000. v.¥.
646 cl——-. Pm, Vah.........cesccegecccsccccscccees ee 1
17 I———_ Govonata, Sow. ....,..cecscccvecgersnscsegecs e.r. |Acap., Quibo, S.W. Mex., Pan.
?-+Columbella costata, Val.
? = Columbella terpsichore, Mke. (non Sow.)
Comp. Buecinum giluum, Mke.
B48 |\—— Ffulva, Sow. ....-scsccceserssreeroverereseces 1 |S.W. Mexico, Panama,
649 |\—— nigrofusca, 1. 8.......sceseseeeenereseeneerees 6
BN fet GOTEOTA, The Se scecgavesrsacsegcendageses ees 12
651 | —— pygmiaea, Sow. ........cceceecscesecsenseees e.r. |St. Elena, Panama, ?W. Indies.
?+ Columbella costulata, C. B. Ad............. West Indies.
652 | —— Gaskoignei, 0.8.0 .....:cscceeceerereeneeeoes 1 {Callao.
ee ee LUOUINICTA, Wy Ge. saying ands puryeaydpavavaeesse 15
654 |?>—— albonodosa, n. 8. .+0...+65 Seal cuieneeeaeateas g
RN (Pee, BP. WIG, (72) ovececivccccccccscctsnesecenseess 2 rm
656 |?>——, Bip eie celndis lon ss waeiewa aad Bay sceeaecessie 2
657 |—— peseepbina) maculosa, Sow. ....00....0% 2 |Guacomayo.
658 |—— » Sp. DAM actinien vw sewn aia cub gpnns's gigs 2
659 Pisania PUGSIGNIS, ROG. i covecccereesssvvsvoocevs sees. v.c. |St. Elena, Panama.
= Buccinum mutabile, Val. pars (non Linn.)
660 |—— aequilirata, 1. 8. ......seeceeceeeceneneeeseeees
661 | —— gemmmata, Rve. .......cceeseeeeneneees eveceee] C. {Monte Xti.

= Buccinum gemmulatum, Mke.

= B. undosum, fem., Kien. (non Linn.)

= B. mutabile, pars, Val.
—— sanguinolenta, Ducl..........sesceeseseeress r. |Panama.

= Pollia hemastoma, Gray. 4 ie

= Buccinum Janelii, Val.

= Tritonium verrucosum, Mike MS.
663 ringens, Rve, .....s00+» ee ea seebbasenciler) dar ie anome.
664 |Murex plicatus, Sow. .....+.. eccccvocegesencgecsegee: 4 (Gulf Nicoya.

662

964 -/ REPORT—1856. na

|
No. Name. | Freq. Other Localities.

_ ;
665 |Murex ?recurvirostris, var. lividus ............ n.c. |Gulf Nicoya, Panama.

= M. messorius, Mke. non Sow.
Comp. M. nigrescens, Sow.

666 |—— (Phyllonotus) nigritus, Mensch. ......... e:
+M. ambiguus, Rve.
667 |; —— nitidus, Brod. ........ edesdlatssienene 1 {Real Llejos, Guacomayo.
668 |—— bradsica; Dam. tiscstsecddedaed eaedes n. u.
= M. ducalis, Brod. & Sow.
669 | —._ —— bicolor, Val. ......scccescesseeeseserees e.r. |Acapulco.

= M. erythrostomus, Swains.
= M. regius, Sch. & Wagn. (non Swains.)
Var.= M. hippocastanum, Phil.

670 |—— TEPIUS, SWANS. j.<.<corcecvedseccedavte c. |Acapulco, S.W. Mex., Panama.
= WM. tricolor, Val.
671 |— BPInCeps, Gre vivesccsvacsovecessette r. |Puerto Portrero.
672 |—— (Muricidea) ? lappa, Brod. ......secee. 1 |St. Elena, San Blas.
Comp. M. radicatus, Hds.
673 |—— PUDIA, SOIR fons cdicpescrsinaduase 3 |Panama.
674 |—— ?erinaceoides, var. indentatus...... 3. |Acapulco.
00 [<= ———,, BPS INGaads. cecosasctzasvesccsecucretesss 2
676 |\—— —— pawuxillus, 4. Ad. ...cccccsccceseccsees i
Analysis of Species.
ig 6b 4d: aaa oes evecsbevevewestuiceeen sehen ont geist stn
PALLIOBRANCHIATA .. aA a eee ode caaeeany dnl sean
f Freshwater. a
US 4 a ae 9 Marine RH 914 eooee eeeeeeereeereeetesees 218

GASTEROPODA : Opisthobranchiata .........3ccccecccseeeeseee 10

Land ~ ..<:: pda"
Puinonata:§ Eres bial 12
CB e. cach «ns t es
Prosobranchiata: Heteropoda ......... 2
Lateribranchiata ... 4
Scutibranchiata...... 82
Pectinibranchiata :—
Rostrifera ... 120
Toxifern. ...< 34
Proboscidifera 193
347
— 435
— 457
Total . ..2.0000ecesesaevis'ee o6/siseeinn nian

Or thus :~—Bryo20@ sersensorcessaceences sss
Dah Shes. ccsviecevevaisees wee ee ee
Freshwater Shells _.....8 2.00 2220
Sea Shells 2.4.5. \cx ven ccckccayseeee

Total ......3..g025t.<dvene

52. In January 1850, Conrad published in the Journ. Ac. Nat. Se. Phi- |
ladelphia, a list of “new and interesting shells from the coasts of Lower
California and Peru, presented to the Academy by Dr. B. Wilson.” It is not

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 265

stated in which of these two widely separated localities each species was
found. They are as follow :—

Solecardia {genus described} eburnea, Conr.

Petricola sinuosa, Conr.=P. robusta, Sow.

Pholadopsis pectinata. {'The genus here described is the Jouannetia of Desm.,

the Triomphalia of Sow. }

Parapholas hisulcata, Conr.=Pholadidea melanura, Sow.

Penitella Wilsonii, Conr.=Parapholas acuminata, Sow.

Triton perforatus, Conr.=Triton Chemnitz, Gray.

Oliva propatula, Conr.=O. testacea, Lam.

53. The following are extracted from the fourth edition of the Catalogue
of the Collection of Dr. Jay, New York, 1850*.

No. No.
1421. Pectunculus pectinoides, Desh. 4204. Helix plicata, Born. Guér. Mag.

Cuv. Regn. An. pl.87.f.8. Pa- Zool. 1838, pl. 10. Pfr. no. 1036.
nama. =Carocolla labyrinthus, Lam,
9057. Anodon Montezuma, Lea, Trans. =C. Ilaydiana, Lea. Panama,
Am. Ph. Soc. vui. pl. 23. f. 55. Porto Cabello.
Central America. 5056. Bulimus punctalissimus, Less. var.
2494, Spondylus pictorium,Chenu. W. Voy. Coq. p. 329. pl. 15. f. 3.
Mexico. Pfr. no. 215. Mexico.
2610. Terebratula uva, Brod. Kiist. 5090. Bulimus Schiedeanus, Pfr.=w«an-
Conch. Cab. pl. 2 0. f. 8-10. thostomus, Wiegin. Pfr. no. 505.
Gulf Tehuantepec. Phil. Ic, pl..1. £12.:.. Mexico;
3346. Helix areolata,Sow. Kiist. Conch. 5922. Cyclostoma Mexicanum, Mke.,
Cab. pl. 36. f. 10-]2. Pfr. no. Thes. Conch. pl. 25. f. 93. Pfr.
393. Columbia River. no. 10. Mexico.
3/737. Helix griseola, Pfr. Kiist.Conch. 6287. Lymnea ferruginea, Hald. Mon.
Cab. pl. 60. f. 17, 18. Pfr. no. pl. 13. f. 19, 20. Oregon.

885 = cicercula, Fér.= splendi- 6366. Physa osculans, Hald. Mon. pl. 2.
dula, Anton. Mexico. ° f. 11, 12. Mexico.
4419, Helix spirulata, Pfr. Kiist.Conch. 6454. Melania Largillierti, Phil. Ie. pl.

Cab. pl. 30. f. 11-14. Pfr. no. 2.f.10. Central America.

56. Real Llejos. 6491. Melania subnodosa, Phil. Ic. pl. 4.
3437. Helix Buffoniana, Pfr. Phil. Icon. f. 18. Central America.

Mit. 2, bir. no. O07. 7421. Trochus mestus, Jonas, Phil. Ie.

3808. Helix imperator, Montf. Feér. pl. pl. 6. f. 5. California.

52.f.4: 52B.1-3. Pfr.no.789. 7859. Cancellaria bifasciata, Desh.Lam.

Central America. A. s. V. p. 413 =C. oblonga,
3852. Helix labyrinthus, Chemn. vol. xi. Kien. Panama.

pl. 208. f. 2048. Pfr. no.1035. 8816. Columbella Boivinii, Kien. Ie. p.

Central America. . 47. pl. 11. f.1. Gulf Nicoya.
3919. Helix lucubrata, Say, Descr. New 10,078. Cyprea eglaniina, Ducl. Guér.

Shells, p. 13. Pfr. no. 245. Mag. Zool. 1833, pl.28=C.Ara-

Mexico. bica, teste Jay. California !?].

54. During the winter of 1850-51, Prof. C. B. Adams of Amherst College,
Massachusetts, visited Panama for the express purpose of making collections
for the College Museum, and obtaining exact information on points connected
_ with habitat and station. Although he only remained thirty-eight days on
_ the spot, he collected—

Gasteropoda ........ 38,920 specimens of 376 species.

Lamellibranchiata .. 2,860 09 PI's
Palliobranchiata .... 50 » bts Fiat
41,830 516

hd The localities in this Catalogue, unless confirmed from other sources, must be received
_ with great caution. The work is, however, very useful, if only for the list of species, and
references to an extensive library.

266 REPORT—1856.

Prof. Adams had before collected about the same number of marine species
at Jamaica; and, holding the theory that no species could be common to the
two oceans, he was well qualified to detect any sources of error which might
have militated against his own hypothesis. The very minute discrimination
also to which he had accustomed himself in his researches among the land
shells of Jamaica, would at once prevent him from confounding similar
species. And as he visited no other spot than the shores of Panama, and
the neighbouring island of Taboga, there is no danger of the admixture of
specimens from different localities. The results of the expedition were “read
before the Lyceum of Natural History, May 10th, 1852,” and published in
their Annals, vol. v. They also appear under a separate form as a “ Cata-
logue of Shells collected at Panama, with Notes on their Synonymy, Station, ~
and Geographical Distribution, by C. B. Adams, Professor of Zoology, &e.
New York, 1852, pp. 334, 8vo.” The author gives all his references from
personal research: quotes every assigned habitat, with authorities (discri-
minating original testimony by the mark!); and, in addition to his own
remarks, states the number of specimens from which he writes. He was not
able to dredge, nor to make observations on the animals: but for the shore
shells, including the minute species, there is scarcely anything left to be
desired. The author describes 157 as new species: of the value of many of —
these there will be two opinions. Prof. Adams in his work on Jamaica shells,
“Contributions to Conchology,” pp. 84: e¢ seg., gives up the common opinion
that species are natural groups, while genera, &c. are artificial: and ashe
believes that there are different species as well as varieties of mankind, it is
natural that he should distinguish as species of shells what others might con-
sider varieties, and as varieties what may be accidents of growth. To the
discerning reader, however, this does not interfere with the extreme value of —
the work. Ina branch of inquiry so overburdened with carelessly observed
or recorded facts, the freedom from the usual sources of error is a matter of
the first importance. Where a species has originated in a mere theory, as
in the case of common types from the two oceans, the student is at once on
his guard. Where it arises from deficiency of materials, as in the C@ea,
additional knowledge will soon set the error right. And in the present state
of our ignorance, to designate forms as species which will hereafter have to
be united, is much more pardonable than to overlook differences, all of which
should be carefully noted before we can obtain a Natural history of any
single species*. There appear to be three stages in our progress towards
truth. In the first, objects are united, simply because their differences are
not appreciated : as when Dione lupinaria was considered a variety of Venus
dione, Linn., simply because they were each spiny. In the second, minute
differences are appreciated, while their harmonies are overlooked. Such is
the present ordinary condition of conchological science, as represented im
the Achatinelle, Cylindrelle, Anomiade, &c. In the third, species are re-
united, with a full perception of the differences among them, from a greater
knowledge of the range of variation of which living creatures are susceptible
This third stage, when faithfully performed on sufficient evidence, should n
be spoken of as “ confounding species,” and is one of the greatest pieces

* In the “ Researches on the Foraminifera,” Trans. Roy. Soc. 1855, p. 228, Dr. W. B. Car
penter states, that “‘maltitudes of species” will be shown in the present Report to “have bee
instituted in various genera of Californian shells by the late Mr. C. B. Adams, whose identi

is established by a more extended comparison of individuals.’’ This sentence appears simpl
to embody the impression left by conversation, and not to do justice to the Professor. As

am answerable for the impression I made, I have to request that those who possess fl
Transactions will make the following corrections :—For “ multitudes of species” read “ seve

species,” and for “ Californian shells” read ‘ shells of Jamaica and Panama.”

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 267

service that can be rendered to science: when carelessly wrought, as when
an author herds together the species of his neighbour, simply because he has
not been able to examine them himself, it truly makes “ confusion worse con-
founded.” For the first great requirement in a scientific writer, patient and
laborious accuracy, this, the last work of Prof. Adams (for he died in 1853)
stands in the very foremost rank. The following is an analysis of its con-
tents, for comparison with the fauna of the Gulf of California. It will be
observed that the species are arranged in alphabetical order, which may
sometimes prevent their affinities from being noted. The new species are
described in Latin, with measurements, and with an accuracy which often
makes it safer to identify shells from them alone, than from the showy plates
and loose diagnoses of some works of the greatest pretensions.

Prof. C. B. Adams's Panama List.

N.B. True and falsely assigned habitats are both quoted: the reader will thus jndge of
the present state of the science. Original authorities are cited in italics. Added synonyms
are enclosed in brackets [ ].

No. of
Ys Name. Station. Speci- Other Localities.
mens.
LiOvula avena, Sow. .........seeeveees on small Gorgonia,1.s.*| 6 |Conchagua, Cum.; Sta. Barbara, Jewett.
Bl— emarginata, Sow. ............| .cessseccecececseceeeneaes 7 = |St. Elena, Cum.
BI——- neglecta, n. 8...........0000005 with O. avena. 13
{}———-. variabilis, n. 8. ......-00...0.. on Gorgonie: coloured| 56 (St. Juan, Green; Sta. Barbara, Jewett.
| accordingly, l.s.
——, Sp.....00.. SMM sos 55 5a02) Fagoeescsinchasyscavucendss 2
| [? =O. variabilis, var.]
Cypreea arabicula, Lam. ......... u. stones, 8-20 in. ].n.| 7 |Acapulco, Humd.; Brazil, Ravenel; St.
Elena & Real Llej., Cam.
y——— cervinetta, Kien. «........05 u. stones, 15-20 in. ].s.| 115 /Antilles & Senegal, Kien.; Ind. Oc., Jay.

| =exanthema, var., Hinds.
jJ—— punctulata, Gray ............| With C. arabicula. 335 |Peru and N. Holland, Kien.

| [2=C. arabicula, var.]

——— pustulata, Lam. .....-...... under large stones, 1.s.| 28 |China, Humphrey; Acapulco, Humb.:s
Isl. Plata, Cum.

ERAS, PHPRN, TS. S 58 gd apse | ssgeecteccccpsvadercccccess 2 |Adriatic,Wood; Acapulco, Hum. ; Chili,

=C. oniscus, Wood, err. typ. Ravenei; St. Elena, under stones,

Cum.

CIBCOMISS (GPO oo... 06005505] veqeccccsccagonsscecceceues 1 |Galap., under stones, Cum.
INC GP AY inccs ccc scc|’sogecessevccgescccsenssscss 1 |St. Elena, u. s., Cum.; Mexico, Sow.
Erato scabriuscula, Gray ......... under stones, 1. w. 4 |Mazatlan, Jewett; Acapulco, Sloat; St.

= Marg. cypreola, Sow. Elena, Cum.
=M. granum, Kien.

IM AHIPIOM) TW, B, vesdscvngs cc] ccqecsscsserpeaccdvccudcees 10

i=—sapotilla, Hinds ............ Moving quickly on li-| 40+

quid mud, above l.w.

MMIPRCUIIAUA, FUE, ....05.5002.| orgecccvccenpeoverevsieoeees 23 |Is. Plata, in coral sand, 14 fm., Cum,
TE OR Ser cen. (Sess Ghs..| sey scscbos de pueeativenvovees 24 |Red Sea, Kien.; La Paz, Rich.
BMCICOIA, LM. ......0.cconcee] seqesrscncserecesereseneees 11 *\Java, Kien.

Seer GOlGATIA, 11.S........00r0ecesees under stones, |. w. 1 |Panama, Bridges.

Mm CYIStIS, BrOd.....ccccccenseeees under stones, |. w. 28 |St. Elena and Gal., Cum.
qTerebra elata, Hinds...............| .. a avacesehacenanascenvet 4 |Montija, 15 fm. coarse sand, Hds.

MUMETEEOUTOIS, FIGS... 00ss0c.00| cayeccescsespooccsccsscsese 2 |St. Elena & Mte. Xti, 6-15 fm. sandy
mud, Hds.

MME, IAS, occ ec. scoot eee| co qeeccceccapeoseceeveconss 5 |8° 57’—21° 32’, Hads.

MCCUNGID, FAAS... ........0005| sugueccacrocpereccserarcens 12 |San Blas, Hds.

* The following abbreviations are used ;—l. w. low water; s. spring tides; x. neap tides;
h. high water; 4-t. half-tide; -+- above; — below; w. s. under stones, &c.

268 REPORT—1856.
No. of
No. Name. Station. Speci-
mens.
Boll CrEOra LUDETCIIOSA Pa Meurcevsess] waconss tetas ders tr adcageces 1
26\-——-. -varicosay Gg" Sionat deeds scat tee che lcss~Tanen' cote stat 1
27\——+; like specillata (vis... Sisede) lads dead. Ue ds Seat 2
28 prldniter Morowm3 seis lis. beat 1a fas Cente poe 5
29|\——, smallolivaceous,white band] ..........scseeeceeeeeeeees 1
30|——-, small and delicate .........] ..ssee. enteaheln cine Naene 1
a NCCES Gon paesldaces creado eicactl we sheawendvep aancswanameqies 1
SAO VR MUMOLAUAY TL Uil..0cesscae sees. 8] bases veceacteceeabucusdeens 17
33 araneosa, Lam....... Pe eS UAE SC Deer Pee ge 1
[?= O. venulata, var. |
34 AOOOUSMIOUA, DNS: sad. «deeGnael ais nnddanecncaraseevn ethos 4
[? =O. nivea, D’Orb. ]
DO — pellucida, Rve. i...ceseavarecl wecssrecsvevaces Save aves t
36 POLAR yea Eas cdc ae gst dectndes epomne stony ae 3
C. B. A. cites 42 references
for this well-known species.
7i—— semistriata, Gray .....sc6.0.| csececeesceees ee secs 175
38 NOSUROOA, IEG. fochs occa ca cus) peated Rn teens dsiva vecensteeee 20
39 MGMBACEUIA, LMGle. visesiawia oda ssl SRN aaa athaceatessdeds cheers 15
= Voluta tenebrosa, Wood.
AD) a-=—— emlatas Eid Mowss daccuws ontdalisshessned sve cdenes cance beeen) ih
= (). reticularis, var. Rve.

41) —— volutella, Lam. .....sccsceeeee invastnumbers,quickly| 4500
= V. cerulea, Wood. crawling on wet sand.
42|Planaxis planicostata, Sow. ......{under stones, h.w.—4t.| 1200

= Buccinum planaxis, Wood.
= Plan. canaliculata, Duv.
AG NASER CANCSGOME, Do Bigc chee osencicvas| ates coe thsceestia de qehadgane i
44 collaria, Gould, MS..........| sseveee ACen ee Basen 5
45 COT PUlO MMA, We Bees ies ots ae ssl eS one Tabac baeedanes deed 17
?=festiva, Powis.
46|— gemmulosa, 1. 8. ...0-0..s0s| cecccevnceteeeceecesceceens 1
AT ———. RIAU TS. scsaces ocasnceees| sescesonsnnenerccsdesencaes 32
48 luteostoma, Brod. & Sow...jon sand, in run. water,| 330
between tide-marks.
49 MOMeKA TOs, eles LE ashes | ann css La Sages se sh pa 40
50 PAGOMUS, RVE........ecscececee| coereeceoeer bakeeadewewes’s 22
= Buccinum decussatum, Kien.
(nec Linn. nec Lam.)
= Triton pagodus, Rve.
51 Panamensis, TiS. .....isccees u. stones, above l. w. | 1500
52 PTOKIMA, Wi Ssiicdavades Sateen de otidua eds dnwas Gan cav anes 1
[?=W. versicolor, var. |
53|—— scabriuscula, Pws. ......... as in N. luteostoma. | 380
54 EIBURs The Ba cos cesisthitvcacectal ae sachet veahnakeseceoree 2
55 VETSICOLOL, Ne S.csessscceecenee| seneeenentercnseeereensenee 500
SOj—._- Wi SOM, 11.8.0... ..ccccccccene| cocccccneccccesesccesecens 5
57|Buccinum crassum, Ads. .........| ssscccssevceccecccecseesnes 1
= Phos crassus, Hds.
58|—— distortum, Bligh ............ crevices of rocks be-| 95
= Pollia distorta, Gray. tween l.w.s. & l.w.n.
= Columbella triumphalis,
Ducl.
59 INSIDE, OAs nar oo caiidcencicas under stones in sand | 140
=mutabile, Val. [pars. ]
60 HIGUDTEs BBs cosyddabing vances. under stones, l.w. | 175
61|/——_ pagodus, Rve. .......s00se...| under stones, 1]. w. 18
62}———. pristis, Desh. ....scceveeees 1. w. 6
= B. serratum, Kien. .........| under stones, l.w.n.| 275

Other Localities, :

Papagayo, San Blas, Hds.
Papagayo, Hds.

Nicoya, Cum. ; Paul Desh.
Magdalena, Ducl.

Brazil, Linn.; Panama, Lam.; L
Green ; sandy mud at low water

Salango, rapidly moving by hund:
wet sand, Cum.

Real Llejos, sandy mud, 6 fm., C

Sand and mud banks, |. w.,

La Paz, Green.

Mexico, California, Duel.

Galapagos, Cum.

Senegal, Kien.; Real Llejos & Ac
Lesson.
Galapagos, coral sand, 6-10 fm
B. Montija, Cum.; W. Africa,
Peru, Petit.

Panama, Bridges.

Montija, sandy mud, 12 fm., Cu

G. Fonseca, Hds.

N. Holland, Kien. ; Chili, D
Elena, Cum.

St. Elena, Cum.

San Blas, Burtt; California
St. Elena, Cum. .

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.

Station.

Siesctivamrixigens, Rve.(not Phil.)| under stones, |. w. n.

— sanguinolentum, Ducl....... under stones, 1. w.
=Pollia hemastoma, Gray.
=B. Janellii, Val.

—— Stimpsonianum, 0. S.....+... under stones, I. w.

under& between stones

Dolium ringens, Swains. .........
extreine low water.

= Malea latilabris +- crassila-
bris, Val. v. Syn.

Monoceros brevidentatum, Wood.) on and between rocks,

= Purp. cornigera, Blainv. 4-t. +

+P. ocellata, Kien.

+P. maculata, Gray.

— cingulatum, Wood ...... ead
Purpura Carolensis, fve. .........
[ =P. triangularis, Blainv.]
—— foveolata, 1. S. .sscccceseseeee

[?=P. biserialis, jun].

clefts of rocks, l. w.
under stones and in

crevices of rock, 1. w.

under stones, Il. w.

on rocks and trees,

— kiosquiformis, Ducl.
3-t. to h.w. n.

TOC eoeeeeeerese@od

——,, sp. ind.....
[=P. kiosquiformis, var.
=P. scalariformis, Ducl.]
——— melo, Desh. ...ccccrcccoereees
=P. crassa, Blainv.
=P. melones, Ducl.
I—— osculans, ll. S........
[? = Rhizocheilus nuz. |
—— tecta, Wood ......... Ve eee
=P. callosa, Sow.
=P. angulifera, Ducl.
= Cuma sulcata, Swains.
= Turbinella callosa, Less.

eevevee @eoeee eeeeeone eeeeeesee

sides and crevices of
rocks, 4—# tide.

crevices of rock,
i W. n.—l. Ww. Ss.

ah ae under stones, |. w. n.
| [=P. biserialis, Blainv. ]
Columbella atramentaria, Sow.,..| under stones, l. w.
ja MPOIVINy AUCs ones ccccscvcees
|—— conspicua, n. s. (? Anachis).
|\——costellata, Brod. & Sow. ...
|—— diminuta, n.s. (Anachis)...
— dorsata, Sow.
—— fluctuata, Sow. ..cccccesccrees
| =C. suturalis, Griff.

—— fulva, Sow.
H—— fuscata, SOW....scccseceeeee ah
| =C. meleagris, Kien.
3 gibberula, Sow....+..

under stones, |. w.
under stones, 1. w.

We awn eseesioceenel * Oe eceleseseseee PCrerecest oo

under stones, |. w.n.

under stones, ]. w.+
under stones, J. w.+

seeoeetes

i— gracilis, n.s. (? Anachis)
'—— guttata, Sow. (prim. non| under stones, 1. w. +
postea. )

[= Nitidella cribraria, Lam.

=Buccinum parvulum, Dkr. ]

E——- heemastoma, SOW....evecersss| sereeeecenaccereceteneeeess
$—— harpiformis, Sow...........:.| under stones, 1. w.

wee] THF CPO eee eeeereersersererece

=C. citharula, Ducl.
§— labiosa, Sow..........eceeeeeee under stones, 1. w.
J— lyrata, Sow. .....eeseseeess under stones, l. w.
7—— major, Sow. ....... ey a 5 under stones, |. w.

=C. gibbosa, Val.
=C. strombiformis, var., Kien.

No. of
Speci-
mens,

275
16

269

Other Localities.

9by 7in., Barnes. Adult, 2°3 in.,C.B.Ad.;
Quito Is., Guayaquil, Don Pedro Aba-
dea; Peru, Capt. Skiddy ; Payta, Cum.

Peru, Chili, Kien.; Payta, Fontaine ;
Xipixapi & Mte Xti, Cum.; Monte-
rey, Rich; San Francisco, Jewett.

W. Mexico, Humboldt.
Charles Island, Galapagos, Cum.

N, Holland, Ducl.; La Paz, Green.

Mte Xti, under stones, low water, Cum.

Chili, Kien.; Real Llejos, Less.; Pana-
ma, 10 fm. sandy mud, Cum.

Mte Xti, Cum.; Acapulco, Humb.

Chatham Island, Galapagos, Cum.
sandy mud, 10 fm., Galapagos, Cum.
Nicoya, finds.

Panama and Africa, Gray.

[s. Muerte, Guayaquil, Cum.
Nicoya, Cum.; Peru, Kien.

Panama, St. Elena, Mte Xti, Cum.; San
Blas, Kien. ; Acapulco, Less.
Bay Carac. and P. Portr., sandy mud,
11 fm., Cum.; Chili, Kien.

East Indies, Ascension, Gorea, Kien.;
Java, Leschenault ; West Indies,

Pan. & Gal., u.s., Cum. ; Calif., Kien.

Pan., on dead shells, 10 fm., Cum.; Ma-
zatlan, Mke.

St. Elena, Cum.

Panama & Chiriqui, Cum.

Is. Muerte, Cum.

270 REPORT—1856.
No. of
No. Name. Station. Speci-
mens.
95|Columbella modesta, Powi?s .....-|.c..00+ das cbastcae. ctuauves | 80

= Buccinum m., Pow.
= Truncaria m, H. & Ad.

.../Sticks & stones, $-t. +
u. Sey 4-t. mz ls Ww.

=C, Sowerdyi, Ducl.
= C. bicolor, Kien.

under stones, l. w.

varia, Sow. [non varians,
Sow. ei
under stones, l. w.

CET OOH eee eee POO neereest PF ose esas

under stones, |. w.

under stones, 1. w.

eeeveee

clefts of rocks, l. w.
u. Ss. with sand, 1. w.
crawling on very wet s.,
l. w. — 4-tide.

eeeeeseve

eeeeeseerree

under stones, |. w.
= C. regius, Chemn., Lam.
= C. lineolatus, Val.

under stones, l. w.
under stones, l. w.

1. w.

sandy beach, |. w.
under stones, 1. w.

eeeeeeeee

?= 7’. decussatum, Val.
FOSGIOGS, T.8, «0-90 padensh coslivebecnvaneksSaseek se eaenel
129|—— gibbosus, Brod. ......c.seeelicececscnsseeeeeees eohane
130] —— lignarius, Brod. ...scscessesleecccecees cnshandabindectegt

132|Ranella celata, Brod. ....... sacl Wa 's., l. Ww. n. me W. S.
=R. semigranosa, Kien. non

Lam.

58
620
1
5
185

1500

70
17

12
9, 3 in.
1

. |Nicoya, reefs, 1. w., Cum.; Peru,

Other Localities.

. a}
Montija, muddy gravel, 7-17 fm., C1 /
Sta. Barbara, Jewett. — a

Galapagos, Cum.
Mte Xti, under stones, Cum. t |

St. Elena, on dead shells, sandy m
10 fm., Cum. :
Pan. & Xipix. ,Cum.; Real Llej., } st

Is. Muerte, Cum.; Payta, Font...
Montija & St. El., s.m., 10 fm., Ci

Philippines, Jay.
Galapagos, Cum.

Portugal, Bonanni; Acapulco, Rye
?N. Zealand, Sow.; Shores of Peru 7
Acapulco, Kien. ; Gal. in crevice
rocks, Cum.; San Juan, Green.

Gal., clefts of rocks, 1. w., Cum. 3 4
stralia, Jay; San Juan, Green.

Gal., P. Portr., Pan., Cum.

}

.

|

|

Salango, Cum.

Galapagos, Cum.
Asia, Dillw.; Philippines, Jay;
Juan, Green; Mte Xti,& St. El.,

Annaa, Sow.; San Blas, Has.
Real Llejos, Cum. 5 Peru, Kien.
Nicoya & Peru, soft mud, 7 & 23
Has.; ; Philippines, Kien.; Guayma
Pan. & Mont., coarse sd., 7-11 fm.

Calif. & Tahiti, Jay ; La Paz,
India, Kien.; St. El. & Gal., sandy

6-8 fm., Cumes La Paz, G
Caraccas, on reefs, Cum.; Peru &

Mte Xti & Xipix., sandy mud, 7-1
[Cum. ; Acap.,

Pan. & Mte Xti, coarse sand, 7fm
P. Portr. & Pan., sandy mud, 7-

Cum.; Mte Xti. .» Hds.
Real Llejos, Nicoya & Honda, a
[rocks on shore

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF

No. of
Name. Station. Speci-
mens.
fememella Nana, Brod. & Sow.......|scccctscscedsscosescessvers 2
J—— nitida, Brod........+..00 ,...| under stones, l. w.
TUNG AU, ICUC.. 0060s. scares seslincrstidccetsosnsaten Saue
Murex dubius, Sow. ..........s0005 under stones, l. w. 72
= M. aculeatus, Wd., non Lam.
j—— erosus, Brod. .............4+ under stones, l. w. 2
J—— radix, Schroet........sceeess. about stones, with 100
=melanomathos, Dillw. pars.| sandy mud,l.w. | 59 in.
[Non M. ambiguus, Rve. | 22 oz.
MEMEEEATOSGIIS, SOWs....00ccc0ccs[ecbevcibevscoscescsocccsecs 1
He TECUIVITOSETIS, BrOd. ......|cceccscvseccccccssccnccsees 1
J— regius, Swains.............00 crevices of rocks, | 18+
=WM. tricolor, Val. 1. w. n.—l. Ww. s.
|;—— salebrosus, King ............ under stones, 1. w. 14
WP— vibex, Brod. ....00....0000. under stones. 13
MIB EADS, D57OU. 05200 300 5is0s| 00d, .ccenessccscesecescvacs 1
Mepetia Patula, Brod. & SOW.is..,\00..0scccorcsntecesedecevess 1+
|Ficula ventricosa, Sow............./- 2 De ere SRR meee es 8
= Bulla decussata, Wood.
NN prac ncnaavedesscseatscccsecsissabthecrheenis 1
|Fasciolaria granosa, 01. S. ......... stones in mud, l. w. 7
/Turbinella ceestus, Brod.......... sand beach, |. w. 2
—— castanea, Gray .......0008- crevices of rocks,1l. w.| 32
=T. acuminata, Rve.
J—— cerata, Wo0d .........00008 crev. Of rocks & U. S. |......0
I Ng gsc casogetl's cB caansnsesvas :en00senaas 30
MM UC esa sccsscacccelachssss scones dscesssceeeces 15
MOTTA GAINS, Tl, Seve cacccscecs|cobsscbsecccdcccsacenevacce 3
H=— Clavatulla, Sow..........cec...|essseeees dichadie pb case Ne 8
RMCCUGSMCA, SOW. wns scscccsec[scdertsencecscecessestheton 2
ROTI cc20. cv 0cesss\scdvenscsnsestssetsascnssss 1
BEMUCTILOLINIS, SOW..;..00ccccceslecdececesscchovczrascsss sce 5
BEC. UNIDICALA, SOW. 00 -..0000|cssertbseccererccnacececees
is sccy neces inal cede sacsesesncstesececsends 2
PVE, TSBs cc... ccciccrccieces C60 EOb we cnasbstdzebeboet 1
Sos cach nncns|ned dvinsonecksinunsioecns es 1
MeESTOSSCIAtA, SOW...,.........00.]ooesscdessosssdnedsveasener 2
|Pleurotoma aterrima, Sow. ...... under stones, |. w. 14
|-—— atrior, Piakis “cphahevh.ceye sess ls cds nes ee Ree ae: 1
[?=P.aterrima,var.Melchersi. |
SMCRMANTCTA, SOW. ...06....0.)scsocetissechsecessessvesss 1
COMATIS, SOW. ..0.00..cisesselansssevtesccsedvacvareserss 4
i———. concinna, n. s. (Mangelia) eedvecveesesssetsctes toners 1
Bee COITUGALA, SOW. .......00,..)oeccessssvcesesscesesteres 3
| +P. turricula, Sow.
H— CISCOIS, SOW. seccccrsccccccslecccecs ihe shes .vavbdatas ox 5
L+P. aterrima, Sow. ]
EEMIICALA, SOW. ...0vncce..slacnccssscvcsecscsesereness 1
SRCORLIUCD, SOW... .00..00.00|ncccccrbiccevenstucdectuces 1
| Ns sancsedsee|.cdeccsbseochincasssvveeecs 1
MANOR AS MAGS sien en sedsslevessccivicndieeccerccveres 1
, SUMMAIUIIACTIAGA, TIS. cess. |occ.ssorerecseestecececsese 2
_ =P. zonulata, teste Cum.
MERSIN soo. osc dicec|sececcsovccvdeesevescocsses 1
| =P. Botte, Kien.
EET INNA, SOW. «0... cscs ss|scsnscorcsactecccesescocacs 3
+P. cornuta, Sow.
Mein oc o.ns 5 cicee|sednastthpvednsssocnevainnd 1
SNICUIIINOU,. 0... cece cucccsleseccsndosecgrocetcccanzess 8
; (Comp. P. funiculata, Sow.]
kn Maas cedsvccnsscenlesdvaviceces boatzes ssigelcaeuh ee

NORTH AMERICA. 271

Other Localities.

Is. Panama, Phil., Sow.

300 |Caraccas, Cum.

Caraccas, Cum.; Acapulco, Humd.

Xipix., sandy mud, 11 fm., Cum.
Nicoya, sandy mud, 9 fm., Cum.
Peru, Bligh ; Acap., Humd.

Southern coast of S. A., Sow.

St. Elena, sandy mud, 6-12 fm., Cum.
I. Muerte, sandy mud, 11 fm., Cum,
Caraccas, mud banks, Cum.

San Blas, Kien. ; India & China, Desh.

Peru, Kien.
Caraccas, mud in rocks, Cum.

.|Maz., Kien.; Galapagos, Cum.

Pan. & Payta, sandy mud, 7 fm., Cum.
Pan., Puert. Por.,s.m. 10-13 fm., Cum.
Conchagua, 8. Salvador,sd., 8fm., Cum.
1 sp., sandy mud, Cum,

2 sp. sand, 10 fm., Cum.

Sand, 8-10 fm., St. Elena, Cum.

R. Llej. & St. Elena, 8-10 fm., sd., Cum.

Carac., St. El., Xip., s.m. 7-10 fm., Cum.
Mte Xti, Cum.

Montija, sandy mud, 10 fm., Cum.
Caraccas, muddy sand, 8 fm., Cum.
Mont.& P. Portr., sdy.md., 10 fm., Cum.
I. Plata, coral sand, 17 fm., Cum.

P. Portr. & Mont., sdy. md., 10fm., Cum.
Coral sand, 6 fm.; Galap., Cum.
Philippines, Cum. MS.

Pan. & Mte Xti,sdy.md.,6-10fm., Cum.
Carac., sandy mud, 6-10 fm., Cum. |
Salango, St. Elena, sdy. md., 5-12 fm.,

Cum. ; mud, 4-7 fm., Nicoya, Hds.
P. Portr., sandy mud, 13 fm., Cum.

272 REPORT—1856. : 20
No. of
No. Name, Station. Speci- Other Loealities.
mens. :

180/Pleurotoma rigida, Eidss0NUs di |evecsatvennenes hakachoaeiel 20
181 | —— wud; Som... nit eSe Tae teehee le Mewes cede 2 |Mte Xti, under stones, Cum.
182) —— rustica, Sow. .....esceceeeee under stones, l. w. 10 |Xipixapi, Cum.

=P. thiarella, Kien. 1
SCE aly svn a vinw an edicmcies | iced ccdmscineinsveme cetaneee’ 13
184|—— zonulata, Rve. ............068 eS ee dash ctemast 2 |Mte Xti & Xipix., sand and gra

. =P. cincta, Sow., non Lam. 7 fm., Cum.
Eee fo Se oes cv Sahn ved enitensisiatranawe)| ca nweanecetanieantete meautnes 1
1 SES ens BRT ELH ieee vine <i
PS 7 PRAM ela PRR aes ihe... cle i Saket ss Cedeenotiedsccrewrnddl anaes 1
DSO SS Spl in. Fe tered ey cc vdeece cet cout |ewaseschead butdelvee’ te tuinisterd 1
GD a, RE Ata rend ay roan ath abes caret taependivonacueees 1
BS OS ince de tecbasncnrinnnselseeenecnenuonainad raven dees 1
191} —— weglecta, Moist Yat asl sevewteccsanawededeeteueet
192), ——- ? sulcosa .......cccescecsecees under stones,l.w.n.—| 170
?= Columbella sulcosa, SOW. ...\cccsecsscccscceeeceeeeecccs[ocevecers Annaa, & Ld. Hood’s Is., Cum.

193|Cerithium adustum, Kien. (plate)|wet sand, u. s., 3-tide.; 206 |Indian Ocean, Red Sea, Kiener.
=C. maculosum, Kien. text.

194 assimilatum, N. S......+..000: u. s., Sponges, 1. w., 8
marine plants, &c.

195|/—— bimarginatum, N. 8.......c0efeseeeeeeeees Kate tReet 2

19G|\——Famroclieuna) Wisi. al diene cee escncvcisendeseues 17

N.B. The description does
not agree with the type sp. in
Mus. Cum., and accords better
with C. ?uncinatum, Gmel.,
also found at Mazatlan.
197; ——- gemmatum, f7ds....... saw sien bocigansinctstasais ata aegratetatlalvity 19
198] —— ? interruptum, Mke. ......;on & under rks. & st.,) 1100
[=C. Gallapaginis, Sow.: non| 3-tide—1. w. n.
C. interruptum, Sow. quasi

Gould. |

199/——-, sp. ind............... USER, Rs Sees Ease Atty ef -30

= C. interruptum, var.

1200 irroratum, Gould ......... rock-pools, 3-tide+ | 820

= C. stercusmuscarum, Val.

201|\—— neglectum, n.$. «++...+e0...| U.S. in dead shells & | 33
sponges, l. w.

202) ———-._ Pacificum, Sow. weccecrccccefeceeece te ee 1 /jCumana, Humd.

=C. Humboldti, Val.
203p——- pauperctilum, N.S. ...seeree|aseeseceterensrenensaeeenes 2
204|-———. pulchrum, 0. S....seeeeeeeees iburied j inmuddy sd.| 125

ander bushes at h. w.
205 Reevianum, M.S: i... .2ecee. ditto ditto 190
[ = CerithideaMontagnei,D’ Orb. |

206| —— validum, n. 8. .....0...eeess. ditto ditto 250

[ = Cerithidea varicosa, Sow. ]
207 Triphoris alternatus, Me vcchad., fae ekor aang wes ts Mawnan’ 5
208|——-. inconspicuus, N.S. ......066 under stones, ]. w. 16
209| —— infrequens, N.S. ........seeclecccccscescesceeceenenceoes
210\Turritella Banksii, Rve. ........, among & under st., in) 350 |Sandy mud, 10 fm., Cum.

[?=tigrina, Kien. ] calc. sd.,l.w.n.—L.w.s. 5
211|Czecum diminutum, n. S. .........feoeees aitgtgn tiechalaaeeunen 1 -

[=firmatum, jun. |
] Pia EC HUTMOUMD, Bs Se kien cecccsesfenecccccccendeaetensnagnans 22 ‘

[=firmatum, var.]
213/—— firmrmatum, 0. S.ccccccsscccrcce|eeccccees ste densi ekewente 85 »
214] — leeve, N. S....cccracceseeccertee|ecccccecccceccsscaeccssoees 2 a.
215}/—— laqueatum, N.S. cecscscsscecleccecececcecenseeeeseessees 2 alee
Pe. HODEEROSUI ST UBe enti ea pal ine 0acnnccedesapssmvnsnepel- ibe :

[=firmatum, adol.]

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 2473

No. of
Name. Station. Speci- Other Localities.
mens
RMIT DOAT VON, TLS. ... 0.6. sc cecleccceevec over aeiamiartttales 1
[?=C. undatum, jun. ]
3] —— pygmeum, N.S. ......00 Sem) Pee opp sinha lethal 2
[=C. firmatum, jun. |
BETINIEZIA ACUICUS, M1. S. .00..000.|ccresecccccevecs pnieonin 4
j——acuminata,n.s.(?Chrysallida)|......sssecesssevseseserens i
|| —— affinis, n. S, .........+ akskwenldicetes shot ap eeseeceene 2
eiathratula,n.s.(Chrysallida)|......cscssscesssesarsceees 10
3 — communis, n.s.(Chrysallida)|_ under stones, 1. w. 90
SMMEETIIOE, TS. 5... 0. .ccsccece|ccncecccvsccesssscceseseces 2
EO en Oe Sabac ce Ona eeeneee 1
}} ——- marginata,n.s.(Chrysallida)|....0.sscesessseecsessenees 2
jJ—— Panamensis, Nl. S....seeseees sand, it. —h. w. 1]
EITEUTIIS, TLS. ...sccccccvcscsccs|scocrscese aenieess erent 2
JH—— stri0sa, 1. S....cceeceees Seal ewiedevaateeote ve uusedesers 1
H—— turrita, N.S. .......cecceseeees|* biaicthere bores Joewenods nod 3
?Littorina angiostoma, n.s. (?Fos-|......+ bs «centseegehe sede 3
sarus. )
}—— aspera, Phil..........0.s..08 ledges or large pieces | 2400 |“ Sitcha, San Salvador, Mex.,” Phil.
| of rock, h. w.+
——, var. ..... : stasallie Uiheae mete ces ait fieticet oo
BICatA, D. 8. ..+000: Bae ve gcacawase in or near cavities of | 3300
rocks, 4-tide —h. w.
H==— conspersa, Phil. ............ large piecesof rk.,h.w.| 320 {Real Llejos.
?-——— excavata, n. 8. (FOSSAruS) .|..0+-+..seeessesssesveesees I
¥—— fasciata, Gray ........se.00s. on trks. & brs. of small) 160
trees, 3-t.—h. w.
|? foveata, n. s. (? Fossarus)..|....... en0's persone tbe iehrete 2
2 megasoma, N.S. (?FOSSALUS)|.+...seeeccesescsceeesvenes 1

|—?parvula, Phil.,var. dubiosa.|cav. of rough ledge of| 600

[Comp. L. Philippii. rocks, h. w.+
a MULCHTA, SOW. .1..00...sc000 on mangroves, grow-| 11
ing from mud, h. w. —
—— puncticulata, Phil. ......... on pieces of rk., h. w.| 80 |Real Llejos.
=conspersa, var. |
|— varia,........... Meee duiraa/i vw ik's on trunks & branches} 300 | Pan., Guay., Cusma, Peru,” Phil.;
of trees, 3-t.—h. w. Chiloe, Petit.
Rissoa clandestina, n.s. .........|.-- pate deveetiatans tt adn aveld 2
—— firmata, n.S..........066 Wisle dieu | vit cittelatp ad gw Wain svita dis a hala 1
BNOTTIS, Tl. Be cesvcccs.ccccssees under stones, 1. w. 31
)/?— inconspicua, n.s. (non MUA) civete tees reaaase ddipmiuae 1
=—— infrequens, n. 8. ....... eseeele dain deena brigeneesg eeeeeeee 1 '
SMES, TR Be cs cceescuccvvscescs[ocessee dees wsevtiahiataed =
— notabilis, n.s. ..... Besos Mal ode ropeperer cass ensee aes 1
PT ITOEIMIG Is Sess cc ccsc.fecsiccsescccseevecsseccecs 1
IDs cccscccccssccceces Bin cbawalaqestupenes Ra ee a aa 1
gula inconspicua, n.8. ......}«« Saneiaigiet ST ee 3 |
OSE ee ee Ras dpavcmedenh . 4
’——— terebellum, n.58...... Ranta slip wilvaiietelD Veta maces 1 |
| = ais cciciga hy ve nul 00d v ov taiccow'eew'euebusindges's’ 1
pptione saxicola, n. s. (Cingula) under stones, 1. w. 7
«?Adeorbis abjecta, n. RONEN clos cocvesedvssien'siersenne 40
Vitrinella concinna, n. 8. .........|..000+ wiheb eee ta ee 1
PT CRIGUA, 1.8. ...000.....000e sealed tsetse baoneneeancaraee 7
SIE Es Bo ences as cccecceses|sccsectens otbatnhagis hop Feel ]
i—— minuta, n.s. (Teinostoma) |.........+. dopdcenp vein Ueiiny 4
B= MOGCStA, 1.8. ........s00e ia tl Pea ned Shear dcaumitaes 1
—— PRMAIMONSIS, T, S......0...000|scescees csaaant nar sitiaaibie 24
q] DATA, 1.8. weeseesseseesssereleeee Seveoiaenieg s ssnicebansath 13
—— perparva, N.S. veerseseee dtabed fade aves seargsnues pent veabias 3
‘ba MOIANIS, The So veev essences ddaltookwendees auwntaets bteawcas 1
|) 1856. T

w-

974 REPORT—1856.
‘ No. of
No. Name. Station. Speci- Other Localities.
mens.
——— ee SO en hw —
BGs ViGTINELIA SCMUNWUMA, The Be ccccecaccldesdedeves uvnwsonswaaneo cue 1
268 iTiGayrinata, M1; Be yossas cos van) Biers. Grosesa cc owe chee 1
G9! ——— WalVatOlhes: BOR, ccc cccs cc dcttee teresckes sneseneommbane 3
270|Solarium, sp. (like granulatum)..|....ccccccereeeereceecceces 3
271 , Sp. (like quadriceps) ©. .....|oss..iecssoesenceostvacnnns 3
272|——, sp. (?= Torinia variegata)|......« oe s¥segeneuemeneenen 6 p
273|\Trochus catenulatus, Phil. (MO-|........sceccsceseseeserees 23
dulus.)
274|—— coronulatus, n.s. (2? OM-|....ccccccscccdiceccsseaces 2
phalius.)
275|——— Leanus, n. S...... wepeuenk sess} under stones, l. w. z
AIG —— lima, PAR. io. ciecinsasecenase u.s.,lw.n.—lw.s.| 75 |Sta. Barbara, Jewett.
277 lividus, Phel. (Modulus) ..}. 005.8405 capes ee eats Vanes 3 |Acapulco, Jewett.
[ =eitherdisculus, Phil. or dor-
suosus, Gld., teste types. ] .
278|—_— Panamensis, Phil............ under stones, l. w. 65 .
279|—— pellis-serpentis, Wood...... on or under large st.| 505 |Acapulco, Humd.;, California, Ph
= T. strigilatus, Phil. or rks., 4-tide. Most
active at twilight.
280|—— reticulatus .....00... siviehs under stones, l.w.n.| 600
[?=viridulus, Gmel. }
281/Turbo Buschii, Phil... .......0000. on or under stones, | 180
[ = Uvanilla inermis, Kien. ] l. w. n.—l. w. s.
282|/?—— phasianella, ? 0.8. .....cese|sscvecseescevcccceccnsenees 112
?= Litorina phasianella, Phil.
283 PUAN, We a veces secesdveecelae wd aapaa nica dladialdaeitents 1+
284|—— saxosus, W00d .....ccc0..s00e rocks, |. w. n. 160
Bad) SERria MOS ACOHA, SOU... .0.0..eledessonsvncseahacemenemmune 1 |Acap., Moffat.
286 PUI CUO oon cock cs sacl nccechdeuncenaesanesencoues 1 (St. Elena, sandy mud, 6 fm.,
CS Sera oo ee cee 2
2ZBB|——, SP. cccrccccesscrecccececsccees|sencccee Santee, weewev aki 1
er ED, ~ ninelige ccalaatr eee bcee. t0c4s| ncsiaenelceonmayeimeamaie Oe 1
EP RREIIOEER BCR. The Be cia nc cawdsis'ss nnessalacenencceenceuesaeaeaaneee 2
Ae OCHA, TL. Be ckcccnnivedecesceae|socceshes sees nt saeeenearns 5
292|—— solitaria, N. S. ...ccsssececees on Holothuria. 1
DOS Pywamidella Spr... oa» ccesetdee.ssavelsocresacenssuscneecedeecass 1
B94 | ——-——" COMICR acini cs sanenncecesesnesee | ceaceccceessqseacauecenees 1

295|NaticaChemnitzii,P/r.(nonMfke.)| soft mud, |. w.
[ =maroccana, Chemn. ]

60 |Guaymas, Green.

phy?
296|—— ? lurida, Phil. ......sssse0us. eS aes
297|—— otis, Br. § Sow. .......ss00 ph a RE AES

[?= Gallapagosa, Récl.] horny opercula were] }

; ‘ ’ eaten by rats, off
Cape Horn.
298|—— ? Salangonensis, Réel. ......| sdy. mud, $-t.—l.w. | 10
299|—— Souleyetiana, Rech. ....c.c2-|ccoceecccccercccccscceccees +
300) —— ?virginea, Récl. (=? UBEr,)...cccccscccsccceesccacens 40
Val. teste Mus. Gld.) |
301 DER deta crnsen toate saacewene wet sand, 3-t.—l.w. | 200
302|——, sp. (=udber, Val.) ......... wet sand. 2 Callao, Petit. ,
Pe ere TATY, SIS FAANCT Eo ca concccnsand|sopanaumecanatabewarns ences 1
304|Nerita scabricosta, Lam. (non De-'rocks, especially cre-| 400 (Real Llejos, Sow.; California
lessert =costata). vices, h. w.—3-t. Is. Timor, Récl. a

=ornata, Sow. young, above h. w. P

+ Deshayesii, Récl: ~
305|——, sp. = Bernhardi, Récl....... rks. & st., 3-t.—Lw.n.| 2800
306)Neritina Guayaquilensis, Sow. ...\above highest tides,) 90 |Real Llejos, Guayaquil, Cum.

+intermedia, Sow. teste Réel. among sticks and }

leaves, in muddy|- :
places overflowed by a
fresh water. ""

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WESTCOAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 275

No. of
Name, Station. Speci- Other Localities.
mens.

Neritina picta, Sow. (non ening. )\strictly marine: sticks} 290 |Pan., on mud-bank partially overflowed
[N.B. Lieut.Green’s specimens,| and stones in grove, with fresh water, Cum.
quoted from San Miguel as| 4-t.-+: dirty places
of extraordinary size,are pro-| on rocks, $-t. —.
bably NV. cassiculum, Sow. }

Pedipes angulata, n. S............., under stones, h. w. 90
Auricula acuta, D’Orbd..........+ --| under stones, h. w. 3 |Guayaq., near brackish water, Fontaine.
=Marinula Recluziana, Cum.
MS.
—— CONCINNA, N.S. ...see.ssee --.(on short mangrove} 74
suckers, h. w.
—— infrequens, 0. 8S. ..ceeeeeeeee under stones, h. w. 6
—— PanamensiS, N.S. .....eee00- u.s., h. w., or crawling} 650
over wet stones. ,
—— stagnalis, D’Orb..........+0. ‘under heap of stones,| 36 (Guayaquil, marsh and even fresh water,
+papillifera, Kist. above h. w. Font.; I. Tumaca, Cum. MS.
—— Tabogensis, 0. 8. ......+6 «...(on .and under stones; 800
a and rocks, h. w.
- MNES Va Siald.cieis'os <Vicis/oc.necy cence ncieisle saies'sades 1
Esai siisistdsietss ocinginesisiee sis under stones, h. w. 2
PP ncatella Bairdiana, n.s. ......\under heap of stones,| 400
h. w. 8.
?— dubiosa, n. s.(?Assiminea)|under heap of stones, 550
h. w. 8.
fla (Tornatina) infrequens, 0.S.|............s.eesceseseeeees 2
—— (Cylichna) luticola, n.s. ...| on liquid mud, 1. w. 28
EAA AG, ooinscncocec|eoecssedieccsversticne weees.| 25 |Acap., Jewett; sandy mud, 10 fm., Cum.
=punctata, Ad.
gS pindiovidsviaesieitvis.ovinb.seseen|o00 anise hoaecebel seins dsinaee 1
Vermetus glomeratus, (quasi)\rocks & stones, l.w.n.J 25+
Lam. pars. attached by end of
[ = Aletes ? centiquadrus, Val.]| spiral portion.
—— Panamensis, Rouss. ......... rocks & stones, l.w.n.| 10+ |attached by one side of all the whirls.
Stomatella DEMAEE 2 SIG ATEUUS ) 206 .0....000ccncevencqg lle ss +e
ponyx, sp. (? subrufa) ....... Ae ne A et 2
Me barbata .........0c+.000000- stones and shells, 1. w.| 12 |Coral reefs, Toubouai, Soc. Is., Cum.
Comp. Péleopsis pilosus, Desh.
_ Guér. Mag. 1832, pl. 19.
Panamensis, nom. prov. ...|stones and shells, 1. w.| 14 |Lobos Is., on stones in coarse sand,

[=antiquatus, Linn. | 17 fm., Cum.
radiata, Sow. (non Quoy, stones, 1. w. 16 |Panama, Galapagos, on rocks, Cum.
nec Lam.)
[=Grayanus, Mke.]
Valyptrzea aberrans, n. s. adlseb te ubstidawete’ Bicctexdihs’ 1

[?=Crep. unguiformis, \ var. n

(Syphopatella) aspersa, n.s.| under stones, 1. w. 3

3 Galerus. |
fame cepaced, Brod. ....4.00....... dead shells, 1. w. 4 |sandy mud, 11 fm., Is. Muerte, Cum.
Moise etn e coe sslatcovshde Secvecendd oobadeads 12 |Xipix., Sal., on shells, deep water, Cum.
POTILALA, MKC. ....ccccecsercslscvccccscccees irs dleighns asl ane 8
-=rugosa, Rve. non Desh.
= Crucibulum imbricatum, var. |
(Calypeopsis) hispida, Brod. under stones, |. w. 20 |Is. Muerte, on dead shells, sandy mud,

[= Crue. spinosum, pars. ] 12 fm., Cum. [D’ Orb.
—— imbricata, Brod. ......|..<... Bie aicinae doe edece OR 2 _ jon st., sdy. md., 6-10 fm., Cum.; Payta,
Ea maculata, Brod. (non Quoy) |.......cseeeeeesees secooeseey 2 Is. Muerte, on dead shells, in sandy
| [=Cruc. spinosum, pars. ] mud, 11 fm., Cum.
| RIAL A, Ts S. ccccos.scrseoes on oyster, $-t. — 1
Ea 0 Cy ee oe acedeadten sind cath ain dees 10 |Caraccas, sdy. mud on dead shells, 7-14
fm., Cum.

G yeh

a

276

No. Name. | Station.
|
340|Calyptrea (Syphopatella) regu-|........ Dy atisiee A ctauee
laris, n. s.
[ = Galerus mammillaris, Brod. |
341 umbrella, Dest. ocusccyneceot|scecaesee Gene bses at teens
= Crucibulum rude, Brod.
342). PPunguis, Brod......scssscnvee|sscocerecscsevesedecccessnss

343/Crepidula cerithicola, n.s. ......| on Cerith. stercus-

[=C. onyx, jun. | muscarum.
344|——. echinus, Brod. ...........+00 under stones, 1. w.
[=C. aculeata, var. |
AB —— CXECAVACR, BLOGs .ccecnesseess| cas paenessss detwanede patqes
346|-—— ? hepatica, Desh. .......++.+. on Strombus, Conus, &
[=C. onyx, Sow. ] Cuma, &e.
347|—— incurva, Brod. .......60..++5 living shells, 1. w.+
348}/——— Lessonii, Brod..........s00++- under stones, |. w.
[=C. nivea, var. }
349|———. squama, Brod. ........se00+e- u. s., & in Shells, 1. w.
350 unguiformis, Lam. ..-...... in dead shells, near 3-t.
= C. Italica, Defr. level.
= C. plana, Say. ;
= C. ealeeolina, Desh.
[Perhaps=C. nivea, var.: but
y. B. M. Maz. Cat. p. 284.]
Fossil in Italy, Sicily, Bor-
deaux, Dax, Touraine.
MD errr MEVERY Me Sass cwacGaeesss vweedes under stones, 1. w.
[+C. squama +C. Lessonii +
C. striolata. |
See OSCUIATIN, Th, Se as ywcesess +92) 00 cactdrdednncduacduans a
353 MAAC HB snd cadens +i0s| ase ds narauxaaneteeaeetees
=C. adunca, Sow.= C. solida,
Hds.=C. rostriformis, Gld.
= C. uncata, Mke.
BOA MrssWReMee eQuALIS, SOW...ccnc...-+-Jaseiesecdennsasondensenuaces
355|—— alta, M.S. ....ceeceseeeeee “es ee ae ehestes
J06)———. macrotrema, Sow... ..coss++|.ccccescecens Ene
7h —a= miberotwemd; SOwiiss cee devessl| i ieccesdacaangttes 4 atin Se
[? =F. rugosa, var. ]
SO aedarwrs NTN TRA ade a qaninn s4 nerds EAR euinnea desntouesaceuaitad
359| —— nigropunctata, Sow.......... on rocks, 3-t.—
SRI aa ONEP UNE, TEUCL au nas oa ya0a4q0ac8] ongepeiiee saintdiecs<seewnds
361/—— virescens, Sow..........+0000 ledge of smooth, ex-

: posed rocks,3-t. — L.w.
362|Siphonaria characteristica, Rve. on rocks, 3-t.-++

[=S. gigas, var. |

363 BOstata, Sows. . i. cadtee Se SP thas cao Mans Gwe abeakaane
364|—— gigas, Sow. ...seccceseesseess on rocks, 4-t. F
365 NRO SOW soca cenccteccscsves ledges of rocks, }-t.+
Peer TCM MS onan vo nannensissslacntuessnsnaaten anne Aemee ane
367|Lottia ? patina, Esch............008. on&under stones,l.w.n.
[? = 4dcemea mesoleuca, var. |
OO te, Ban nan cnson conve s¥ataceqeiiice ds under stones, 4-tide
SO9\———, SP......ceccvccscccsesceesceceecs under stones, }-tide
B10) ———, 9D. sind cbansteocaase eM « |nbs 00.00 can ane neeieobetiel :
7 Li? Patella, SP. cdeedee-swenaead de ycauus rocks, 3-t.
372|Chiton clathratus, Rve............. under stones, l. w.
373)—— dispar, Sow. ...ccccccesessceee under stones, l. w. n.
B74 j——— ? luridus, Sow. .sccccrscaveces under stones, 1. w.

REPORT—1856.

1

Other Localities. |

Pan. and Real Llej., under stone
Guayaq., Jay.

Lobos Is., Cum.

Real Llej., Cum. ; Chili, Desh.
C. G. Hope, Krauss.

St. Elena and Xipix., on dead she
10 fm., Cum.
I. Muerte, Cum.

Mediterranean, Desh.; Tunis & Ale.
M’Andr.; Senegal, Potiez; M
Mighels ; Carolina, &c., Say; Jé
C.B. Ad. ; Is. Chiloe, Cum. ;
Liverpool Col.

St. Elena, on dead shells, 6—10 fm
Gal., Real Llej., Lobos Is. Lamb

under stones on shore, Cum.
Real Llej., under stones, 1. w., Cu

Gal. and Lobos Is., under stone ,

Guacomayo, on exposed rocks, 1.1
Gal. Is., Jay; Peru, Voy. Venus

Acapulco, Sow., on exposed

Is. Saboga, Cum. ‘3
St. Elena, on stones, 5 fm., Sou

’

« ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 277

a

No. of
Name. Station. Speci- Other Localities.
mens,
Chiton pulchellus, Gray ......... under stones, 2 buried) 80 |Arica, Hennah; Islay, 30 fm.+, D’Ord.
in sand, near |. w. n.
—— Stokesii, Brod. ............64 under stones, l.w. n.| 40+. |St. Elena, Cum.; Arica & Islay, D’ Ord.
Anomia lampe, Gray.......+...+.. .W. 1 |La Paz; and Monterey, 60 fm., Rich
—— feNUIS, N.S. .......eseeeeevers l, w. 3
—$—, SPrscseccccesccseececsersersccsee|seenecnetecssenecestens doneey 7 ak
Ostrea, ENE) Pete ie.cbeescc ses. rocks, 3-t. 6
—-—, SP. (D) ceccccsesenssceeseeerees rocks, $-t. 3
=O iidescens Gray. |
SEG BD. (C) ..cccecccceessescsovers. rocks, shells, &c., $-t.| 15
[? not 0. Columbiensis, Hanl.
= 0. conchaphila. |
Cee in clusters. 35
[?= O. Virginica.}
MME BD. (A) Co.cc ctewsedescneeerncs rocks & stones, #—it.| 330
small, plicated: animal bitter.
Spondylus ?Lamarckii(uon Sow.)|......sccscsecsececsersenens com. |La Paz, Green.
t= 8. - oat Age
<j SPesseeeerersescesesercreeeeceeceleneeeseeeeeraasseeeereesces i
Pecten inca, "D’ Orb. ena eerie sted diwancsstescusaescegevnst 8v. |St. Elena, Salango, sandy mud, 6-10
[=P. tumidus, Sow., non Tutt. ] fm., Cum.; Calapan, Philippines, Sow.
[=P. ventricosus, ’Sow.]
—— Tumbezensis, D’ Orb. ......)secceccocssscesscvees sve edt 2v. {soft mud, 5 fm., Tumbez, Cum.
= P. aspersus, Sow., non Lam. :
Lima angulata, Sow. ............ WaAids cada teccdvnsnsecvooee tien 4 |Carac., sandy mud, 12-20 fm., Cum.
—— Pacifica, D’Orb. .......660.. on reef. 3 |Lord Hood’s Island, under coral rocks ;
=L, arcuata,Sow., not Geinitz. Panama, sandy mud; Guayaquil;
Avicula ? margaritifera GREEN GRg EN Fs c6died 1 deeesninninringenioe 2 Guacomayo, under stones, Cum.
[?= Margaritiphora fimbriata. |
—— sterna, Gould ....c.....ce0e. on Gorgonia, 1. w. s. 10
Perna, sp.(a)( = Chemnitzianum)|u.s., & in crev.rks.,].w.| 130 |La Paz, Green.
ee u.s., & in crev.rks., l.w.| 30
ENTS, SOU. ro PI eis acess Wos|iccoeveesecesanceaneky vieves 1 |jmuddy banks, Cum.
; tuberculosa, Sow.........00+. crevices of rocks, lw.) 4 |muddy banks, Cum.
MEENOS) TANG eats as editi sil saceessacceeteessena eases 1
ithodomus, sp. (@) .....sseseeeees inthick shells,3t.—I.w.| 20
lOdiola ?semifusca, Sow. (MOMN].......ssccesecesreoveseees 35
Lam. teste Hamnl.).
= WM. Braziliensis, Lam.
_ =Mytilus Guiaénsis, Kust.
BEMOIA, SP. (Z) ...ccrecccsreveees crev. of rks., 3-t.-l.w.| 6
EO) savas punonsecesecscsss crev. of rks., $-t.-l. w.| 35
ee ee Be a PAE a Pee SEL 4
BUT) wc scenssmsssucsonsneess|venseveiscnsgpovesbtencvees 2
Reece in soft stones,near 3-t.| 2
hama Buddiana, n. S.........+6 -.| ledges of rock, lLw.+} 6 |Guaymas, Green.
[ The specimenin Dr. Gould’s
' col., supposed to be the above,
is C.?frondosa, var. fornicata. |
P= COMrUgata, Brod. .........|.ssccsscvsscenvecscvessecens 2v. |Real Llej., on stones, 1. w., Cum.
echinata, Brod. ....0+...00. rocks, near l. w. 15 |Puert. Port., Cum.
Nucula Elenensis, Me citacwesylssted ss coven ek paperveeewens 20 v. |St. Elena, sandy mud, 6fm., Cum.
—— acces ce, |nendsocie.s0bscowsesseseess lv. |Caraccas, sandy mud, 9 fm., Cum.
SEITE, SOU. 55050. cnsccscuseneloovsecccuscscssenss ees evuviee 10. |Sand, 7 fm., Cum.
ectunculus assimilis, Sow. ...... u. Ss. in grav., 4-t.-l. w.| 20 |Puert.Port., sdy.m. & grv.,8—12fm., Cum.
‘—— maculatus, Brod Ben aioisieit's Tied. tet oo cae besphaiietdatae we 1 |Puert. Port., fine gravel, 11 fm., Cum.
MMETEAGH, SOW, coccccnscccseoslsccccccctoerssecsnctossusees 4 |Ecuador,on st., 12 fm.,Cum.; Maz., Jew.
BMMPMMVICUIOIGES, RUEC.........00-|\ccccssseseereesscsecessronss 1 St. Elena, 10 fm., mud, Cum.
=A. auriculata, Sow.
PMOL EINALA, SOW. .orssccccssslecscccrescssenvstsaceccseses 3 {Real Llejos, Atac., Xipix., sandy mud,

6-8 fm., Cum.; Gulf Cal., Sow.

2: REPORT—1856.
No. of
No. Name. Station. Speci-
mens
416)Arca gradata, Brod. & Sow....... under stones, I. w. 3
417 grandis, Brod. & Sow....... 2-buried inm. & small} 13
One valve weighed 23 lb. algze, u. trees, 3-t.+
418|——— mutabilis, Sow........0......- u. s., & crey. rks.,].w.| 70
419|——(Byssoarca) pholadiformis,n.s.| in soft stones, l. w. 2
420|——— Reeveana, D’ Orb............ under stones, l. w. 9
=a. Helbig, Rve. NON Brug.|:....2-.:.pe0ernsecesesewal
42] REVERS OU OL conics cemenePecedumerus Ses ucieeneana ate 4v
=A. hemicardium, Koch.
422 SEIS MOR. ani iesccsanvaiven teas tebecnsateaeemneer geen 10
[?=A. tuberculosa, var. ]
423 SOLIS A; GOW. cass sess thetedies under stones, lL. w. 60
424] —— (Byssoarca) Tabogensis,n. s.} under stones, 1. w. 60
[?=A. illota, var. ]
425 tuberculosa, Sow........c000+ thin mud, under man-| 147
groves, near h. w.
426 Cues oo ver eae SENN Skew pi Levee ancaarewnas 2
427 Cardits GimMis, SOW: 62202, oscae cle “boring” in stones! 70
= modulosa, Val., ?>=nodulosa,| and rocks, }-t.—
Lam., not nodulosa, Rve.
428|—— laticostata, Sow. ............ partly buried in cale.| 150
sand and gravel, un-
der stones, l. w. s.
429|—— radiata, Sow. .....ccccseeees l. w. 20
- {430/Cardium graniferum, Brod. & Sow.|....++.... do sone suieauenalde 6 v.
431|—— obovale, Brod. & Sow.......|.ccccsccccsscecsscecscceees 3 v.
AS 2a PABLO SPALIIN, DOUW 5 gone sys |--0cecceescncsaccsnsnseecion lw.
[?=C. procerum, var. |
Mae—— PROCEFUIM, OOW., . .i.......0a|edeaecenecawesdesetoeagnets 6».
4 —— SCNLICOSUIM, SOM Aoi .cses soc) ins vdadee candWeddntcyecisa’ 5
=C. rastrum, Rve.
Aes VENUS © ATC IESEA Pun bie es oc ec <a fons ona hecacesossanctnasune’ 2
436|—— ?discors, Sow. ......seeeeees coarse sand among| 146
[?= Tapes grata, Say. ] stones, 1—}-t.
437 Emin, rod. BOW, 30.0.5}. ones de Gans ss selec tygtees 4
438 PRUACUSCREA, DONE. Wencss » <locaviudieh cecuseeeisw ncaa’ 5
= V. Thouarsi, Val.
439|—— pectunculoides, Val. ...... coarse sand, under | 172
[= Tapes histrionica, Sow. } mangroves, {-3-t.
440|—— subrugosa, Sow. .......+... partly buried in eoarse| 33
= V. subsulcata, Mke. sd. amg. st. or u. tr.,3-t.
eee: te PROC Er ee Tete terre Pec ee ree ae 12 »v.
SRL: Wicetcteamasn teas ohommaees vs coarse sand, 3-t. 14
Aa CPEHETED, QIDIS, WOW. cece cacncsss|dapncedeasadusmeusuatdeanes 10
444 aurantiaca, Sow. .....e.se.s.|s Zeuvcdhsccaguebwatnenautees 3
= C. aurantia, Hanl.
445 COMSRNOUINER, TS. 6.625500) iaaneeens weeb ethan kkcctease 8
GAG PRIAIG, SOW... ices gecsssee| cups dsensaceandactn ap EAA 2
BAT rae RQURHGA, SOO: cas. cchhde Jeu fusess odvahecuannnnnties Scale oleae
Samanemis DunkericPAsl,, cc decicecdedqoacdabsaabhss caveeee Gane 36
=A. Pacifica, Trosch.
[ =A. simplex, Hanl.]
449|—— saccata, Gld. ....cccseccceeeele aa < coh ail dno Poepoheen seems 2
[ = Cyclina subquadrata, Hanl.]
450i Gouldia Paces, Moss .ccce vs ecceafecccoesdeccs sitdgandinad a oe
451/Cyrena maritima, n. S. ..........5. in impalpable mud, 9
under bushes, where
a small stream emp-
tied, h.w. Balani
sometimes attached.

Other Localities. —
A a

St. Elena, Cum.; Sta. Bar hall
Real Llej., Guayaq., Cum.

Is. Plata, Cum.

St. Elena, Monte Christi, C
Philippines, Reeve.
Tumbez, soft mud, 7 fm., Can ;

Payta, Cum.

Real Llejos, 1. w., Cum.

B. Montija & Nicoya, sdy. m., 6-
Cum. Guaymas, Green [?].

Guacomayo, St. Elena, Pan., Rea
sand, 6-12 fm., Cum. t. Sow.
Ditto, coarse sand & mud, 10-
Cum. teste Rve.
Salango, muddy sand, 6—12 fm.
Gulf Nicoya, Xipix., Cum.
Xipix., sandy mud, 11 fm., Cum
Guacomayo, fine sand, 13 fm.,

Real Llej., coarse sand, 4—6 fm
St. Elena, sandy mud, 6-12 fm.

Mazatl., Green.
St. Elen.and Guac., sandy mud, 6
Cum.; Guaymas, Green.
Payta, Fontaine. (
Pan., coarse sand, l. w., Cum. 3
Green.

Xipix., 10 fm., sandy mud,
G. Nicoya, Jay.

Salang., Xipix., sandy mud, ¢
St. Elena, sandy mud, 6 fm.
St. Elena, Cum,

f
vi
fi

‘tk

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.

279

Name. Station.

Lucina tellinoides, Rve.
Capsa altior, Sow.............ssse0e

SOCOM HH a eee eeHOs ESE OTH eee e OF eoeeee

buried in sand, 1. w.

Donax assimilis, Hanl..........+6+ a few inches in sd.,#-t.

—— cognata, n.s.
One valve, “closely allied to

the Caribbzan 7. similis.”
—— Columbiensis, Hanl.

—— felix, Hani. [?]
[Prof.Adams’ shell is said by
Dr.Gld.tobehisStrigilla fucata.]| _
SC: C7) Sn ee
—— prora, Hanl...........+ wants
—— puella, n.s. ....
| Pubescens, Harl. ......s0ves|oo»
—— siliqua, N.S. ....sesceseceseees
—— simulans, 1. S. ...cessssecceesles pavivsbcsasisaeneeiccaae
[=T. punicea, Hanl.
constituted from a single
valve to include the Pacific
specimens of the W. Indian
form. |

Coe POC eee seers rreeseesesseees

BPUPICOlA COPNATA, Ne 8.........00++]eccevecsccees Daphe is Setaatwee
[?=P. pholadiformis, Gld. MS.]}.
Saxicava ? tenuis, Sow. ......e00 os
[?=8S. pholadis, Linn. var.]
BEMEIA COATCHALA, SOW..........|..sscocecoeoscsvveceseacess

as ‘‘ probably new species: but
as their characters are probably
somewhat variable,” prudently
forebore from describing them
without more specimens. They
are probably varieties; as Cu-
mingi@, like other nestlers, are
most variable in form and
sculpture.
Amphidesma bicolor, n.§. .+-...|....scssee0ee Sasa Shae
EEELIIDEICUIMN, SOW. .0...0...s00esececserses Sei vse sdeeweas
A oe Gane save
| =Semele proxima,M.Cum.pars:
_pars=S. proxima, B.M. Maz.
Cat. p.28, = S.flavicans, Gld. |

Scone Go MS oe
S [C5

lv.

20
18

Other Localities.

Is. Muerte, sandy mud, ]1 fm. Cum.
G. Nicoya, coarse gravel, 12 fm., Cum.
Var., mud, 5 fm,, Tumbez, Cum.

Mazatlan, Green.

B. Caraccas, Guay., Chiriqui, Cum.

Nicoya, Cum.

Maz., Green; Sta. Barb., Jewett.

soft sandy m.,10fm., Cum. ; Rio Janeiro,
[ Jay.

Monte Christi, sandy mud, 12 fm.,Cum.
St. Elena, Hani.

Guacomayo, coral sand, Cum.
sandy mud, 12 fm., Cum.

. |Sandy mud, 6-10 fm., Cum.

sdy.m.,3—5 fm. ,Tumbez&Chiriqui,Cum.
sdy.m.,6—9 fm.,St.Elen. &Salango,Cum.

sandy mud, Tumbez, Cum.

“ Closely allied to 7. Jimaculata.”

Guaymas.
Pascomayo and Lambeyeque, Cum,

Caraccas, sandy mud, 7 fm., Cum.
St. Elena, stones, deep water, Cum.

Monte Christi, 9 fm., sandy mud, Cum.

280 REPORT—1856.

No. of
No. Name. Station. Speci- Other Localities.
mens
488|Amphidesma pulchrum, Sow. ...)....csccoccsscssesccceceees 4 |Carac., Cum. teste Sow. in P. Z. §.
Elena and Pan., Cum, teste
489 SHIOSUIN, TIND. 5. Greate (tena secs eee Dpto rere 1 “ea ;
490) —— TOrtiOSUHl, Tose). meee oa estes. daedd. «romedexlueessces 1
491|——— ventricosum, n.s. (? Kellia)|................sscessesees lv. :
492)\Crassatella ciD DORA; SOM. 5 ..dewsssfe-: avai esecaascccgseeenses lv. |St.Elena& Xipix.,sdy.m.,11fm.
493|Mulinia donaciformis, Hanl.[?] .|......cscsscscescscneccsees 14 [Payta, Fo
[?=M. angulata, Gray. ]
494 WE MCTICOIN, Gr LP ke oso noc ocaps eddey Boe ae sae cen ng aeoens 3
[ = Mactra exoleta, Gray. | | |
495|Lutraria elegans, Sow. (Mactra).|.........cecesesscesseceees 6v. \* The Atlantic analogue is L. ¢@
Not L. undulata, Gld. teste culata, Say.” '
C. B. Ad.
49G| Macita selatae Pid. ct. dead. Ae cc on he odeecccscstones «i 10
ATF ATEN ee Ape pats.« aa setareaw tae panes deasedsoecasescadyaes lw.
(? Thracia or Periploma.)
498) PamaGra LOEBGEA MLR . i acexvidwalaass onaedi sccecececcoce<ss 1
499|Potamomya zequalis, n. s.......... soft mud, under man-| 1».
groves, near hw. &
outlet of small stream,
with Arca tuberculosa.
500 WRUGER RB. ol ivi. seenchs sc - - a = .
501); —— trigonalis, n. S........60...008 2 [7-17 fm., €
502|Corbula bicarinata, Sow. ......... U.S. , deep i in ‘sd. Aw. +| 260 |RI. Llej., Carac., St. Elen., sdy. |
oA oes WAIL, (SOU «snes vices scan] chante Se ceeateerycvecuaws 21 |Chiriqui & Carac.,s. &m.,3—7fm.,€
Et —— MERE TIE! 5 coi cla wen's aceon]. <reniecaiseebacceesveveesens 6v. |8°57/-21° 32’, 22-33 fm., Hds. _ |
Sad seem VANNATEES WUMENCD oan. ove ccebs|oapecbuveccacadesscctetecse 7 |Xipix., Mont., Carac., sdy m.,7—17 |
506|—— rubra, n.s. .......0eeee seco] eee Sidaea ade ceiphee ewesere 1 |
A a ee ee ee lv. |Bay Montijo, sandy m., 12 fm., Cu
508 Spy te, WEE MCTUCHSEE! | a}. Lo cs.c ce saensevarcancavas lv. [ Maz. i
Se aeeeee esas amnnssiest's shlneheeqddussdqaneeweqacs: nes 2v.
BLO) Solecurtus ais, NAG eiygwe ss coe Ss iss, ag des sencescsens [l.w.| 10 | Like S. Caribeus.”
dD OLEH PUGS, F1.Ss cc. cates veces. coarse sd. among st.,| 55
MMe ONAS OVUGI MERA, Ue c. cin ss... |. .paceqede sce scaqenencanace 1 |Is. Puna, B. Carac., Nicoya, sof
=crucifera, Sow. = cruciger, stone, 3-t. ; soft. stone, l. W.§
Mill. clay, 13 fm., Cum.
ley ea ENCED, SOU. 1, cco cpebitiwans] ovecassdvedanadece acandencs 1 (Carae., in decayed wood, 10 fm.,
514|—-— xylophaga, Val. (non Desh.) |filling the bottomofan| 20 [Payta, F
old *dug-out,” h. w.
515 BPsrd, Wks Lan Ceolaba ys a sg.si. ss ceesweneenentnaanqces 2 v. |
LG areey, SB pay eatoaey = av aiests abiaphinh «fis s0> Uganasnancnasonanensa lw. |
517\Orbicula Cumingii, Brod.......... underside of st., l.w.| 50 es St. Elena, 1. w.—6 fm.,

Chili and Peru, Desh.

If this list of species be estimated according to the standard of judges at
followed in the Mazatlan Catalogue, which is necessary for a fair compariso:
between the two, the following numbers will not be needed :—

UOnivalves: 5, 33, 52,'70, 72, 164, 174, 199, 211, 212, 216, 218, 241, 330;

334, 337, 343, 348, 349, 362,=20.

Bivalves: 422, 432, 482, 483, 484,=5.

The names given to 459 and 471 are also not required, “g

Others may be discovered on a comparison of specimens or figures a ch
it is to be hoped the Trustees of Amherst College, who possess the ty
will cause shortly to be published), though they are not recognized from
descriptions alone. The discovery of a large number of deep-water speci
was due to the hermit crabs. Certain observed differences of station betwe
Messrs. Cuming and Adams are very interesting; in a few there me
error; from others we learn what great latitude is allowed to some of t

|

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 281

species: e.g. Corbula bicarinata is quoted alive from low water to 17 fm.;
while Anomia lampe, quoted from low-water mark, was found by Major
Rich as far north as Monterey in 60 fim. water !

Of the 157 species described as new, 5 had already appeared under other
names, and 15 are believed to be only varieties. Fifteen are named from
their doubtful characters or similarity to other forms; 8 are designated from
their habitat or station; 23 receive names expressive of their small size;
5 are designated according to the number of specimens found; and 6 would
probably not have been constituted, had the same shells appeared in the
Caribbzan waters.

The following is a comparison of the above collection with that of M.
Reigen from Mazatlan, excluding from the latter the land and freshwater
shells and the Bryozoa; and bringing down the number of species in Prof.
Adams’s Catalogue to the standard adopted in the latter.

Pan. Maz. Common.

136 | 215 38=28 per cent. Bivalves.
356 | 449 7/=21°6 per cent. | Univalves.

492 | 664 | 115=23°'4 percent.} Total.

—— | —--—. --—— [synonyms.

12 | 104 Old species united: not including
P39 | 209 ; New species described.
co. | 108 Indeterminate species.

2
jo. | 298 25=34 per cent. Minute species.

55. The following are extracted from the British Museum Catalogue of
the Venerida, &c. by M. Deshayes. The minute division of species in this
and in his recent articles in the Proc. Zool. Soc. contrasts somewhat strangely
with the opposite tendency displayed in his extremely valuable edition of
~Lamarck’s Animaux sans Vertébres, a work which has been employed

throughout, but not quoted, simply as not containing original authorities

on our present inquiry.
Page. No
13 25 Dosinia turgida, Rve. = Artemis tenuis, Sow. jun. Central America,
Sale.
76 70 Dione brevispinata, Desh.= Cytherea brevispina, Sow. jun. California.

135 48 Chione callosa, Desh.=Ch. Nuttallii, var. Non Dosinia callosa, Cony.
California : not Sandw. Is.

192. 8 Venerupis foliacea, Desh. Mazatlan.

207. 1 Petricola mirabilis, Desh. [ Monterey, Hartweg, teste Sow. | California.

253 37 Cyrena Fontainii, Desh.=olivacea, Cpr. Non C. Fontainii, D’Orb.
Mazatlan.

254 39 Cyrena solida, Phil. Abbild. Conch. p. 78. pl. 1. f. 9. Nicaragua,

257 49 Cyrena Floridana, Conr. Mazatlan and Florida.

The Mazatlan specimens are C. Mexicana, jun.

56. The collection of which the following is a list, came into my possession
_ exactly as it was received from a sailor, who brought it from a single port on
_ the west coast of North America. The purchaser, judging, from the preva-

lence of Mazatlan shells in it, that it came from that place, did not make
exact inquiries at the time, and the sailor could not be traced afterwards.

Though consisting mainly of shore shells, the collection was so remarkably

_ free from imported specimens, that it derives some value as a geographical

_ authority. The general accordance of the species with what we know of

:

282

the local-fauna of Acapulco, makes it probable that it came from that place; _

REPORT—1856.

but it is cited in the B. M. Mazatlan Catalogue as “ S.W. Mexico.”

1. Solecurtus violascens, n.s. B.M. Maz.
Cat. p. 27, note. 1 pair.

2. Tellina princeps. Fine: 1 val....S.*
3. Tellina rubescens. | pr.eceeeesevese Pe
4. Macira elegans: A pra.®-...28..2..:P:
5. Mactra angulata. 1 pr. ......P.M.
6. Dosinia Dunkeri. 1 pr. ......P. M.
7. Dione aurantiaca. | val.,fine...P. M.
8. Dione chionea. lv. .........P. M.
9. Venus amathusia. 1 pr. ......P. M.
10. Venus Columbiensis. 1 val....P. M.
11.) Tapesygeera. °4, prow. sche sc. oes EM:
12. Anomalocardia subrugosa. lv. P.M.
13. Anomalocardia subimbricata. Valves,
OUMIMIOR ee iedssn gages odes S. M.

14. Cardita affinis. 1 pr...........ss00 Pr.
1d. sChoma frondosas Ly. ec. y...3 Pr.
16. Cardium procerum. Rare. ...P. M.
17. Cardiumconsors. lv. (Guatemala). S.
18. Cardium maculatum. 1 v........+. S.
19. Lucina tigerrina. 1 fresh val....M.

. Modiola capaz.
. Mytilus palliopunctatus. Rare..
. Arca Pacifica.

. Pecten ventricosus.

. Pecten 2 senatorius.

0, eran me M. C.
vals
DME 5 cakes, P. M.
Pinna ?rudis. Extremely thick and

M.

large valves .....ccisascoabese Es

. Margaritiphorafimbriata. Common.

P. M.
(Colouring ex-
tremely variable.) Yalves, com-

any Ee a ay: tn, £.
(China Seas.
Perhaps an allied sp.) 2 fresh pairs.

. Ostrea conchaphila. Valves. P.M.C.
. Ostrea palmula.

Sait s..45: M. C.

29. Placunanomia foliata. 1 fresh valve.
30. Bulla Adamsi. Rare..........0000 M.
31. Siphonaria gigas + characteristica.

CRM cc tececvessecsdescacs Pr.
32. Patella discors. Common ...... M.
33. Acmea scabra. 1 sp. .......0. M. C.

. Nerita scabriuscula.

. Nerita Bernhardi.
. Crepidula aculeata.
. Crepidula ?unguiformis. 1 sp.

. Acmea grandis, Gray. Common. C.
. Fissurella nigropunctata.
. Uvanilla olivacea.
. Uvanilla unguis.
. Pomaulaxundosus, Fresh opercula. C.
. Callopoma saxosum. Rare......... P:
. Tegula pellis-serpentis = strigilatus,

Com... FP.
Rare

Not uncommon
Large and
PIRI. ne degeaeesasss bce saames P. M.
Abundant. P. M.

isp. “Sb ae
P.M.

Anton.

* §. South America. P. Panama.

45.
46.
47.
48.
49.

50.
5].
52.
53.

4,

85. Latyrus tuberculatus, Brod. Rare. P.

86. Cuma tectum. 1 Sp... .ssseneeeeeee

87. Vitularia salebrosa (fresh, witls
operc.), - 1 sp. Jone P. M.

MM. Mazatlan. al
+ Both this species and M. sapotilla, Hds., are quoted from the West Coast. “_

. Cerithium famelicum.
. Cerithium uncinatum. Rare...
. Cyprea exanthema, var. cervinetia.

. Cyprea arabicula.

. Trivia pustulata. Rare..
. Trivia radians.
. Strombus galea.

. Strombus gracilior.
. Terebra robusta.
. Pleurotoma funiculata.
. Drillia rudis.
. Conus regalitatis. Very rare.
. Conus Mahogant.
. Conus gladiator.

. Natica maroccana and vars.

. Natica excavata.

. Polinices uber.

. Polinices(Galapagosa?=) otis. Very
P.

. Ficula decussata.
. Marginella prunumt. Veryrare. P.
. Oniscia tuberculata.
. Cassis coarctata.
. Malea ringens.

. Oliva porphyria.
. Oliva cruenta (Tahiti. ? imported).

Crepidula arenata. sp. «+++...
Galerus conicus. 1 sp..+.«. is. P. M.
Galerusmammillaris. \sp....8.P.M.

Crucibulum umbrella, Desh. = ru-

dis, Brod. Common, fine, and very —

variable
Crucibulum spinosum. \sp. 8.P.M. C.
Hipponyx Grayanus. On Pinne.
P. M.

Rares =. P. M.
1 sp....S. M.
Common.
ek
Cerithium stercus-muscarum. Rare.
PM

1 sp.se0F pale
i M.

Aletes Peroni. 1 sp.
Turritella goniostoma.
Cerithium maculosum.

wero. P. M.
Very common.
5.0 lee

vere es
5. P.

Common

1 sp. soos
1 SP. ccoceeees
Strombus granulatus. Commo

tyr

Sof Sapo

n.
P.
Rare...S. P.
1 sp. ...ee teen
lL ep: <5
1 sp. cone S.

. P

7

1 Sp.. gePaeee ees
1 SP.sngueees P. ii,
Abun-
dant ...:...c.saesesteeeeaaans PYM:

Very rare ...... PB
Rare’ sts: SP. Mi

rare

eee ee eee eee eee eter eeeseeees eeene

Raré: aise Pee

Rarxe.<aspsna P;
Rare. a-.scasaeee P;
Wi osete ae
T sp., fine ae Bs

1 dead shell.

. Olivella volutella. Very common. P.
. Aragonia testacea. Common. P. M.
. Latyrus concentricus, Rve. Rare. P.
. Latyrus castaneus, Rve.

Rare. P.

C. California. me)

i
|
i
|
i

1

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.

88. Purpura patula. Rare ...... ee
89. Purpura biserialis. 1 sp....S. P.M.

* 90. Purpura triserialis. 1 sp... M.
91. Purpura melones. Rare......... S.P,
92

. Monoceros brevidentatum, Gray. 1 sp.
SP

. Columbella fuscata. Rare...S. P.M.

283

94. Columbella labiosa. Rare...... 5. FE
95. Anachis rugosa. 1 Sp. ....s+eee S. P2
96. Anachis fulva. 1 sp. ..0:.-20F. M.
97. Pisania ringens. Rare ......... P.M.
98. Murcarrademe Rare........csascecses Er.
99. Murex regius. Common...... P. M.

This collection, containing 99 species, of which only one is certainly and .
another perhaps imported, shows what a common sailor may do, simply by

keeping his shells from being mixed.

One species is new; 46 are common

to both Mazatlan and Panama; 29 are found at Panama, but not at Mazatlan;
6, though not yet quoted from Panama, are southern types; 14 are found at
Mazatlan, and not at Panama; 6 are northern types, being found in Lower
California, and of these, two (viz. Aemea grandis and Pomaulax undosus
[opere.]) were not found at Mazatlan.

57. In the Proceedings of the Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. for Feb. 1855, Dr.
A. A. Gould described the following land and freshwater shells from the

western part of N. America :—

P. 127. Helix eruginosa, Gld.
Francisco, Dr. Bigelow.

P. 127. Helix infirmata, Gld. San Fran-
cisco, Dr. Bigelow.

P. 128. Physa bullata, Gld.
Dr. J. G. Cooper.

P. 128. Physa humerosa, Gld. Colorado
Desert, Dr. Th. H. Webb; Pecos River,
Mr. W. P. Blake.

P. 128. Physa virgata, Gld. River
Gila and near San Diego, Dr. Th. H.
Webb.

San

Oregon,

P. 129. Planorbis ammon, Gld. Colo-
rado Low Desert, Dr. T. H. Webb,
Mr. W. P. Blake.

P. 129. Planorbis gracilentus, Gld.
Great Colorado Desert, low lands,
Dr. T. H. Webb.

P. 129. Amnicola protea, Gld. Colorado
Desert, Dr. T. H. Webb, Mr. W. P.
Blake.= Melania exigua, Conr. (read
Feb. 13th).

P. 130. Amnicola longinqua, Gld. Co-
lorado Desert, Mr. W. P. Blake.

The same gentlemen appear to have made collections on the coast; of
which the following lists have been obligingly sent by Dr. Gould.

Collected by Dr. Thomas H. Webb.

At GUAYMAS.
Acmea eruginosa [=A. mesoleuca, var. |.
Neritina picta.
‘Nerita “? precognita, C. B. Ad.”=
Bernhardi, Récl.
Chlorostoma rugosum, var.

At San Dieco.
Tellina nasuta.
Donax.
Venus dispar.
Venus, sp.
Cardium Californiense.

_ Arca pernoides. 1 valve. ‘‘ Lieut. Webb.”

Pectunculus (dead, rubbed).

_ Pecten (dead valve).

Ostrea.

Fissurella crenulata (very young).

Haliotis ? Kamtschatkana.

Trochus viridulus (very red var.). “* Lieut.
Webb.”

Phasianella compta.

Calyptrea hispida,=Cruc. spinosum.

Cerithium irroratum, Gld.

Potamis pullatus, Gld.

Cerithidea albonodosa.

Natica 2 uber.

Ranella muriciformis.

Olwa splendidula.

Nassa luteostoma.

Nassa tegula, Rve., dead.

Purpura emarginata.

It is probable that some of tle above shells, as Ranella muriciformis, Oliva
splendidula, Nassa luteostoma, Natica uber, had found their way northwards

spent some time at the place.

_ by the accidents of commerce. None of them were seen by Mr. Nuttall, who

284

Collected by Dr. Bigelow at San Francisco.

Venus rigida, Gld.
Cardium Nuttallii.
Mytilus Californianus, Conr.

?=Tapes diversa.

Collected by Mr. William P. Blake.

AT SAn FRANCISCO.
Mytilus edulis, or allied.
Lottia scabra, Gld.(=spectrum, Nuit.)

AT San Pepro.

Semele rubrotincta, Conr.
Tellina secta, Conr.
Tapes gracilis, Gld.
Venus discors, Sow.“

minea, Conr.”’
Venus Nuttallii, Cony.
Venus fluctifraga.
Lueina orbella, Gld.
Lottia patina, Esch.
Lottia scabra, Gld.
‘Scurria pallida, Gray=mitra, Brod.
Trochus mestus, Brod.
Calyptrea hispida, Brod.
Crepidula incurva, Brod.
Oliva biplicata.

=grata, Say=sta-

58. The latest conchological traveller who has visited the West N. American

REPORT— 1856.

Lottia scabra, Gld. (=spectrum, Nutt.*
Natica Lewisit, Gld. Gps only)
Purpura Conradi, Nutt.

At Saw Disco.
Sphenia Californica, Conr.
Tellina vicina, C. B. Ad.
Tellina secta, Cony.
Solecurtus Californianus, Conr.
Petricola carditoides,Conr.=cylindracea,
Desh.

Venus fluctifraga, Sow.
Cardium cruentatum, Gld.*
Modiola capax, Conr.
Pecten ? purpuratus.
Pecten monotimeris, Conr.
Bulla nebulosa, Gld.
Bulla virescens, Gld.
Bulla longinqua, Gld.*
Bulla vesicula, Gld.*
Melampus olivaceus.
Phasianella compta, Gld.*
Potamis pullatus, Gld.

* “Not yet from the press.’’ Gould in litt.

province is Mr. T. Bridges+; who, in the spring of the present year, has
brought a collection from the Bay of Panama. Although he had no dredge,
ard the district had been well explored, he succeeded in finding 24 new
species, besides cthers new to the fauna of the place. The new species are
described in the ‘ Proc. Zool. Soc.’ June 10th, 1856, pp. 159-166 ; and, with

a few others, interesting for their locality, are as follow :—

Corbula ventricosa, Rve.

? Scrobicularia produeta, Cpr.

2 viridotincta, n. s.

Tellina rhodora, Hanl.

Sausta.

Deshayesti, n. s.

Strigilla disjuncta, n. s.

Semele obliqua, Wood.

planata, n. S.

Cumingia trigonularis, vay.

Lyonsia diaphana, Cpr.

Mactra (Mactrella) lacinata, n. s.

elegans, jun.

Cyclina producta, un. s.

Lima angulata, Sow.

Melampus Bridgesii, n. s.

Umbrella ovalis, n.s. Mouth of the River
Chiriqui. Also found exactly in the
same place by a French naturalist.

Pyrgula quadricostata, n.s.

Erato ? Maugerie, var. Panamensis.

Trochus (Ziziphinus) MacAndree |B. M.
Maz. Cat. no. 290].

Hipponyx planatus[ B.M.Maz.Cat.no.348 }.

t+ The Mammals and Birds brought by Mr. Bridges are described in Proc. Zool. Soe. 18:

pp. 138-143.

Cithara sinuata, n. s.

Mangelia acuticostata, nu. s.

? striosa, C. B. Ad.

2? rigida, var. fuscoligata.

Clathurella intercalaris, n. s.

serrata, n. s.

Drillia punctatostriata, n. s.

? Pleurotoma gracillima, n.s.

Scalaria regularis, n.s.

tiara, n. s.

subnodosa, u. s.

Cumingit, n. s.

Hindsii, n. s.

Cirsotrema funiculata [B. M. Maz. Cat.
no. 569}.

Natica excavata, n. s.

Polinices Gallapagosa, Rve. ?=ovum. —

Mitra solitaria, C. B. Ad.

2 Triton crebristriatus, n. s.

Phos biplicatus, un. s.

Latyrus tumens, 0. s.

Triton eximius, Rve.=parvus, C. B. Ad.

Anachis pygmea,var., exactly resem ing
the W. Indian Col. ‘costulata, C. B. A

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 285

59. Having now presented the results of all known expeditions on the coast,
we have further to bring together species collected from stray quarters. The
following are described in the ‘ Proc. Zool. Soc. 1832-56. Most of the Gulf
shells were collected by Lieut. Shipley, and of those from California by

Mr. Hartweg.

Page.

Proc. Zoou. Soc.

1832

57 Marginella cypreeola, Sow. [? Erato]...

Locality. Station.

Acapulco, St. Elena. junder stones & sand.

59iChiton leevigatus, Sow. .........ssseeeee Guaymas, Mr. Ealing of \under stones at low
H.M.S. ‘ Sapphire.’ water.
1833.
92\Arca Cardiiformis, Sow. ..scccseccsrsceees San Blas. on the sands.
36|Corbula radiata, Sow.....cc.cseeeseeseeees Acapulco. 1 sp. on sands.
53/Conus concinnus, Brod. ......sescee.eeeee Gulf of California. on sands.—Mus.Cum.
S4iCardium elatum, Sow. ....cc..sccccecees Guaymas. in sandy mud, I. w.
85 MMACUIOSUM, SOW. ...c0creecwser.ne Is. 3 Marias (Gut Calif.). jon the sands.
= C. maculatum, Sow. in Conch. Ill.
1834.
19|Conus ferrugatus, Sow. ........sseeeeeees “Gulf Calif. & Zs. Guaym.”
61|Terebra variegata, Gray. .........5.000 (No loc.) but v.P.Z.S.1843,
= T. Africana,Gray, Griff. Cuv. pl.23.) p.164,n0.67,whereHinds
Z. 5. gives it, on the authority
of Mr.Cuming, as “ Guay-
mas, 10-12 fms., sandy
1835. mud.”
6|Siphonaria pica, Sow.....seccereeees ecence Acapulco, on rocks in exp.situat.
22|Venus subimbricata, var. ......+. abana. Acapulco.
22|——— undatella, Sow. .........+8+. aicsp ask Is. 3 Marias.
43|\—— leucodon, Sow. .......sececsceeeeees Guaymas. coarse sand, |. water.
= V..Californiensis,var. testeSow.jun.
43|——. Californiensis, Brod. (non V. Ca- Guaymas. sandy mud, low water.
lifornica, Conr.)
46|Cytherea Dione, var. y, Brod. (= C. lu- San Blas. sandy mud, 7 fms.
pinaria.)
50|Monoceros cymatum, Sow........s0...085 California.
= M. lugubre, Sow.
50 unicarinatum, SOw.....0..scocccees (no locality)
= M. brevidens, Conr.
109|Pecten subnodosus, Sow. var. d......+8- Gulf of California.
110 CMPEMIATIG, DOW... .crccecninesicps vic Guaymas. sandy mud, 7 fms.
200|Cypreea candidula, Gash. ........s00000 ‘* Mexico.”
= C. approximans, Beck.
1942.) =C. olorina, Ducl.
199|Buccinum elegans, Rve. ...cecscecessveves California.
1843,
5|Donax punctatostriata, Hanl..........06. (no locality)
5 ON ee ee (no locality)
33|Pectunculus giganteus, Rve. .........2+ Guaymas, Badd, R. N.
79 DEO Oe cain ese ves dessnscesownss Gulf of California.
=P. inequalis, Gray, non Sow.
166|Terebra aciculata, Hds. (?Lam.) ...... Acapulco.
1844,
27\Scalaria indistincta, Sow. jun........0.+ “S.Blas, Hon. Mr. Harris.”
29\——- hexagona, Sow. Jun. ...sscceeseeees Acapulco, Col. Moffat.
76|Marginella imbricata, Hds......0....00+6+ Acapulco, Col. Moffat.
139|Ranella triquetra, Rve. ......ccccccseeees San Diego, Nutt.
1845, 66 ”
maronax Culter, Hanl. ...ceccccccerscescses var,/a.°* | Mavzellan.

var. 6. Acapulco.

75|Achatina (? Glandina) fusiformis, Pfr. Mountain of Coban, Vera

|

Cruz.—Mus. Cum.

|
286 REPORT—1856. .
Page. Proc. Zoou. Soc. Locality. Station —
1845.
75|Glandina nigricans, Pfr...... Ee) aie Vera Cruz.—Mus. Cum.
75|—— monilifera,. P/F... ....ccocssvcedsesvee Mountain of Coban, Vera
Cruz.—Mus. Cum.
131\Helix ventrosila, Pi. ..cccccscoveccensss Mexico( fds.) Texas( Sow.)
TSA) ——— EGR EF. occ cacenes dacavercveee Mexico(Hds.) Texas( Sow.)
139|Littorina aspera, Phil.....cc..scsececeee ..|(Sitka, Bare.; Mex. Hegew.|rocks at low water.
140) ——_ Sitkana, Phil.........ccccesececeeecee Sitka, Barclay. rocks, 3-t.
141|\—— modesta, Phil. ....... Snare ciaaicaaee Sitka, Barclay; Mauritius,|rocks, It.
1846. Capt. Caldwell.
PACp pred pulla, Gash: .......cccecentecsses ?
29|Bulimus fenestratus, Pfr. ..........006 ~ Mexico.
29 DURITND, Fis Me an'cnvssusvcencanconee Galap., Darwin. on bushes.
29|\———- sculpturatus, Pfr. .....sececeeseeeee Galap., Darwin. on bushes.
30 BREUER s ol f PY. comme «nopcieumtnn. Ader Mexico. }
31\Achatina cylindracea, Pfr. ............ Tortilla, Centr. Am. |damp places. ‘a
32|——— (Glandina) Sowerbyana, Pfr. ...|Totontepec[?Tehuantepec]|decayed veget. matter.|
32;—— (——_) Isabellina, P/r............. Mexico. dec. trunks of trees.
32 ) Torviamay 27. . ias<aies as Tortilla. damp places.
54/Haliotis splendens, Rve..........sseseeeee California. cq
58|—— aquatilis, Rve...........sesceeesseees Kurile Is. 4
113/Bulimus Moricandi, Pfr. ........sc00.e. Mt. Coban, C. A., Lattre. ™
1849.
117|Anomia Tampe, Gray ...--<ccuearecssesens California, Lady Wigram.
121|Placunanomia macrochisma, Desh...... Kamtschatka, Deshayes.
=P. Broderipii, Gray, MS. Onolaski, Mus. Cum.
121] ——_ Cepid, Gray ..ccccrsesseccesecsceess California, Lady Wigram.
122 NE PAY enn osun's oceantessnnnint California, Lady Wigram.
130|Helix Baskerville, P/r.........cccccsores Vancouver’sI., Baskerville.
170|Sanguinolaria tellinoides, 4.4d. pl.6.£.6 Gulf of California.
1850.
187|/Melania maxima, Lea .....+.... ean aener Copan, C. A.
195 OLY ROM Ata, LEG... ....ccccoscsoueyncs Copan, C. A.
203|** Modulus Carchedonicus, Lam.”’...... “ Atooi, California, Nutt.,”
‘¢ — Monodonta Sayii, Nutt.” Atooi teste 4. dd.
is in the Sandwich Is., not in
California. Mr. N. found no
Modulus in California. M. car-
chedonica, Lam. is the W. Indian
1851. species, teste D’Orb. Coll.
12\Columbella Californiana, Gask.......... Sandeago.
153\Infundibulum Californicum, 4. Ad. ... California.
157\Phorcus Californicus, 4. Ad..........0+ California.
164|Ziziphinus annulatus, Martyn .......+. Monterey, Hartweg.

= Trochus virgineus, Gmel.
165|—— filosus, Wood, Ind. Suppl. pl. 5.
£23.
?= Trochus castaneus, Nutt.
= T. ligatus, Gld.
Californicus, 4. Ad.’ ...ssstens tts
?= Trochus versicolor, Mke.
190|Margarita calostoma, 4. Ad. ............
197|Tedinia pernoides, Gray
=Placunanomia pernoides, B. M.
Maz. Cat.
225|Velutina Sitkensis, 4. dd,
233|Natica intemerata, Phil..........s0eseeees
260|Helix annulifera, P/7.....00...ccseeeeecees
=H. labyrinthus, var. sipunculata,
Forbes, P. Z. S. 1850, p. 53. pl. 9.

168

eee POP eee eae rere

1 eae
272|Lagena Californica, 4. 4d.......02+...44. California —Mus. Cum.

Str. San Juan de Fuco.

California.

Juan de Fuco.
? California.

Sitka.
Gulf Calif., Rev. — Steed.
Panama, Kellett §& Wood.

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.

287

Proc. Zoou. Soc.
1852.|_
60|Bulimus nucula, Pfr. .......sccesceesccees

1353.
70|\Typhis fimbriatus, 4. Ad. .....essseeee

Soeesesoososeere

1854.
20\Cyrena (Anomala) insignis, Desh. ......
21/—— subquadrata, Desh. ....scseeeeseee
22|/—- (Anomala) Cumingii, Desh. ......
23|—— inflata, Desh....iscoccevsssevee
42|\Typhis grandis, 4. dd. ....c.sesseeresee

eee erereereseeresas

eeeesereeseoseseeeee

_316/Chlorostoma funebrale, 4. Ad. ......+ ss
342|\Corbicula convexa, Desh. ...ceecsseeees:
men Onan Bella, Desh. ......scsscvscccccsscees
351 Orta, Desir. ...ccovessvevcsvceses
Jun.=D. culter, Hanl.
+D. contusus, Rve.
+ D.Californica,Desh. MS.nonConr.
?+ D. radiatus, Val.

352|—— obesula, Desh. ....c.ssecsceceseeees
?=D. Californica, Conr. non Desh.

352) —— ovalina, Desh. ...sccseccsseveveeres
399 Tellina Mazatlanica, Desh............+0+-
362 BPOVIFOStris, Desh. ..0..cocdendesvess
363|—— delicatula, Desh. -.........seeeeeeee
363|—— straminea, Desh........see00++s wader
1855.

100)Achatina (Glandina) conularis, P/r....
116\Bulimus verrucosus, Pfr. ..........0000.

121)Rhizochilus (Coralliophila) Californica,
A, Ad.{ =Murex nux, Rve.]
183\Erycina papyracea, Desh. ....2+..-.00.+
| 224|Dosinia simplex, 4. dd. [not Artemis
simplex, Haul. = D. Dunkeri,Phil. |
228|Pandora claviculata, Cpr. ...........+06
228|Lyonsia (Osteodesma) diaphana, Cpr.
229|Periploma excurvata, Cpr
229 PApPyTacea, Cpr jisiererccroevercsoees

Pe eee rr FOF eeeere

Locality. Station.

. Galapagos.
Bodegas.
Gulf of California.
: Galapagos.

Gulf of California.
Gulf of California.
Gulf of California.
Gulf of California.
Gulf of California.
Galapagos.

bably Lower California. ]
Bay of California.
California.
Central America.
Panama.
California.
Panama.
Gulf of California.
California.
Gulf of California.
Gulf of California.
California.
California.
Central America.
Acapulco.
California.

Central America.

Central America.
Mazatlan.
C. America & California.
Mazatlan.
Bay of California.

Mexico, Sallé.
Galapagos.
Gulf of California.

West Columbia.
Singapore.

Mazatlan, Lieut. Shipley.
Mazatlan, Lieut. Shipley.
Mazatlan (Gruner).
Mazatlan (Mus. Cum.).

229|Thracia squamosa, Cpr. .....essseceseees Mazatlan, Lieut. Shipley.

230\? Scrobicularia producta, Cpr.

Gulf Calif., Liewt. Shipley.

230|Donax semistriatus, Cpr. [non Poli]...| Gulf Calif. (Mus. Cum.)

=(Donazx) Serrula Carpenteri, H. &
2 A, Ad. Gen. ii. 405.

230) Diplodonta subquadrata, Cpr. .+....++.
231\Chiton Montereyensis, Cpr. .......+....
231 Hart wegil, Cpr...ccocssesssesecvoees
232) —— regularis, Cpr. ..scoercsseccecsecees

Mazatlan (Mus. Cum.).
Monterey, Hartweg.
Monterey, Hartweg.
Monterey, Hartweg.

on exposed rocks.
on exposed rocks.
under stones.

288 REPORT—1856.

Page. Proc. Zoou. Soc. Locality. Station.
1855.

233|Patella ?toreuma, Rve., var. tenuilirata) Monterey, Hartweg.

233)/Galerus ?Sinensis, var. fuscus............ “ G, Calif.” (Mus. Cum.)

(Probably from another source, by
error of ticket.)
233|—— subreflexus, Cpr. .......cseeseees.. “ G. Calif.” (Mus. Cum.)
234/Fissurella nigrocincta, Cpr..........00... Mazatlan (Mus. Cum.).

(The locality is omitted by accident
in the Proceedings.)
234/Callopoma ? fluctuatum, var. depressum| California (Mus. Cum.).
(=Turbo funiculosus, Kien. pl. 30.
f. 1. Diagn. postea visa.)
ZI4 LAV OMMMAEVISA, CPi scccsvccsecearcecsnccases CapeS.Francisco*, Hds.Str.
Sunda, among small drift-
ed canes, Mus. Archer.

230|Scalaria reflexa, Cpr. ss-siwiriauss oceuses San Blas, Capt. Donnell. |1 sp.

1856.
41/Fusus pallidus (animal descr. by Gray) Guaymas.
41|Pisania elegans is bes Panama.
41|Triumphis distorta £ - Panama.
43)Malea ringens ‘a is
44|Imperator, ?n.s. a é Panama.
44\Callopoma saxosum i - Panama.
44|Tegula pellis-serpentis ,, a Panama.

167|Crucibulum spinosum, var. compresso-| California (Mus. Cum.).

conicum.
167|—— ??imbricatum var. Cumingii ...| Callao, Valparaiso.
168 ? imbricatum, var. Broderipii ...|| ? Peru (Mus. Cum.).
Trichotropist Gouldii, 4. dd. ......... Chiriqui, Bridges.

60. The following species and localities are extracted from the “Concho- |
logical Illustrations, by G. B. Sowerby,” a small but exceedingly valuable _
work, remarkable for the excellence of the figures, but the disappointing
brevity of its information.
No. Fig.

2 46. Cardium Indicum, Lam. N.W. Coast of America.
76 11,35. Chiton fastigiatus, Gray. California.

162. tunicatus, Sow. = Katherina Douglasie, Gray. California.
54 Bulinus unifasciatus = Bulinulus undulatus, Guild. St. Vincent’s.
115 32. Cyprea sanguinea, Gray. Panama and Mexico.

61. The following are taken from the “Thesaurus Conchyliorum,” by
G. B. Sowerby, continued by G. B. Sowerby, Jun. The illustrations are
excellent; but some of the later numbers do not equal the earlier portions.
Several of the Monographs are very carefully drawn out by Messrs. Hanley,
Hinds, and A. Adams. ‘There are the same geographical errors as in other
similar works.
No. Page. Pl. Fig.

46 15 101. Pecten laqueatus. N.W. America, Capt. Dixon (California, Rve.).
48 96 25 141. Scalaria indistincta, Sow. jun. San Blas, Hon. — Harris.
13 115 36 20,27. Columbella festiva. “ Brought from Acapulco by H. Cuming,”
[who never was there]. yo

64 173 43 63. Terebra variegata, Gray=T. africana, Gray, Griff.Cuyv. “ Guay:
mas, 10-12 fm., sandy mud, Cuming.”

* Probably in Ecuador; not in Upper California, as supposed when described.

t This shell, described as “ differing from the typical genus in the canal of the aperture
being almost obsolete,” is regarded by several eminent conchologists as a dead Melania. It
was found near the mouth of a river. ,

ON MOLLUSOA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA, 289

No. Page. Pl. Fig.

18 352 70 50-2. Terebratula Californica, Kiist. ‘‘Abounds on the coast of
California.”

91 534 116 249-51. Neritina Listeri, Pfr. Cubaand St. John’s Riv., Nicaragua.

55 578 123 79,80. Bulla nebulosa, Gould. Sand, 12 inch. Guaymas.

12 615 128 35. Cytherea intermedia, Sow. jun. “ California, Cuming.”

59 628 132 98. chione, Linn. “Mr. Cuming’s specimens are from Mazatlan.”

65 631 132 104-6. circinata, Born. =Venus rubra, Gmel. ?+C. alternata,
Brod. Mazatlan, Capt. Donnel, R.N.

71 632 132 109. brevispinosa, Sow. jun. 1 sp. California.

3 656 140 2. Artemis ponderosa, Gray,Anal. 1838, p. 309. = Cytherea gigantea,

(Sow. MS.) Phil. Abbild. pl. 7. f. 1. Sandy mud, low water.

Gulf of California.

65 697 146 41. Tapes diversa, Sow. jun. Monterey, Hartweg.

16 708 153 17,18.Venus simillima, Sow. jun. California.

18 709 144 26,27. amathusia, Phil. Abbild. pl. 11.f.4. =V. encausta, ? cujus.
California.

24 769 165 30. Venerupis paupercula, Desh. P.Z.S. 1853, p. 5. [N. Zealand,
Mus.Cum.et Brit.teste Desh. | “Mazatlan, Cuming,” teste Sow,

25 811 171 33. Obeliscus clavulus, A. Ad. Onthesands. Acapulco, Col. Moffat.

143 881 184 246. Cerithium assimilatum, C. B. Ad. “ Shells of Jamaica. A darkly
coloured Jamaican shell, like C. trilineatum,” Phil. Medit.
(=—C. assimilatum,C.B.Ad.,Pan.Shells, no. 194. C. terebellum,
C. B. Ad. Contr. Conch. is the Jamaican species.]

62. The following species* are extracted from Mr. Reeve’s ‘ Conchologia

Iconica’; a work, the principal advantage of which is, that it figures the

_ Specimens inthe Cumingian collection. The species are often very minutely

_ subdivided: for this indeed the author may not always be answerable. It

is to be regretted that there is sometimes a want of precision in the statement
of localities+.

Name, Station. Locality.

Amphidesma,Californica, 4+ 4d. .....000| . sercrseced” | eeoire Gulf of California,
= Semele C., A. Ad. P. Z.S. July 1853.
erosima, [Rve. quast| C. B.Ad. 1.5. wsesacars piceons Panama [?]
[=Semele flavicans, Gld.: v. antea,

p- 279. no. 487.]
DIGUAMCORTUGR, RVC. .cccscscrcecrsccronseree}. of Mss nde bas ... Mazatlan.

{= D. Conradi, adol.: v. B. M. Maz.

Cat. p. 47.]

Mactra angulata, Gray, MS....... peadwnneet) sitehes we | sess (Gulf of California.
— elegans, Sow. Tank. Cat. .......sc006| seeee Saseey Weave Florida, Mus. Cum. [?]

8 ——angusta, Desh. P.Z.S.U854..sec0c00] cacencces | veveee Panama, Cum.

0 Peemarmirormica, Desh ,, «45, saexteces| scisvvcee, |-anvene California, Mus. Cum,

4 Lucina annulata, Rve........ eieapaanees MeL * aaddness seoeee |? California.

3 Arca Brasiliana, Lam. ......cscercesececses on the sands} ...... |‘ San Blas, Bay of Califor-

| =A. cardiiformis, Sow. nia, Cum.”[!] Rio Ja-

| neiro, Lam.

| Pectunculus giganteus, Rve. .......00.ss00 sandy mud| 7 |Guaymas, Badd.
ineequalis, Sow. P. Z.S. 1832 ......]sandy mud} 10 |Bay Panama, Real Llejos,

= Arca pectiniformis, Wd.,S.pl.2.f.11. Cum.

| * See also pp. 187, 208, where many of the species now quoted would have been arranged,
_ had I been able to refer to the Conch. Ic. whenever occasion required.

T When Mr. Cuming is given as the authority for depths and stations in places which he
never visited, the more correct phrase (now generally adopted) would perhaps have been
Museum Cuming.” The following instance will show the need of caution. Under Mactra
carinulata, Desh. pl. 10. sp. 38, we read “ Gulf of California: from the same locality as M@,
donaciformis,’’ On turning to the latter, we find its locality given as New Zealand.

1856. U

@90 «ayer REPORT=1856. «65 te

Sp.| Fig. Name. Station. na) fis. ~ Locality. .
5) 20) ... {Pectunculus bicolor, Rue. P. Z.S. 1843.) ..se00... | eee .. (Gulf of California. —

=P. inequalis, Gray, Z. B.V., non Sow.
[nec Krauss. ]
Pecten ventricosus, Sow. in Thes..Conch.| sandy mud | 6-10 |St. Elena, Cum.; also F
=P. tumidus, Sow. P.Z.S.1835,p.109, _ lippines, Cum.
non Turt.
—— cireularis, Sow. _,, »» p-110|sandy mud} 7 (California, Cum. [!]
=P. nucleus, var.
Hinnites giganteus, Gray, Ann. Phil. 1826,
vol. xii. p. 103.
[ = Hinnita Poulsoni, Conr. 1834,Journ.
Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. vol. vii. pt. i.
p. 182. pl. 14.]
Spondylus limbatus, Sow. Thes. Conch.
p. 427. pl. 88. f. 51.
[For the Mazatlan specimens, v. B. M.

pegeiaecas aai ts California and Straits
Juan Fernandez [!]

pees WR Bess Panama and Mazatlan

Cat. no. 208.]
14) 52). Fa GLa HOG, ), wae tndsivunh dey) ee re ae Tehuantepec, Capt. D
Pfr. . Jay.
36/214 Bulimus fenestratus, Pfr. no. 258 4802 ee NY be Mexico [? ubi].
51/332 Gruneri, Pfr. 5 IR OSD ccna. anus fy aaaRe Mexico.
45|286) . rudis, Anton, yy th OCT. eee apwe Mexico [sp. 216, err.
100/552 RGIS CierPet a, Ft cssscanisletecnscasencal, Mpanscens Panama,

Caracolla u., Petit, Guér. Mag. Zool.
1838, pl. 113.
— Baskervillei, Pfr. P.Z.S.1849,p.130

Vancouver’sIs.,Lieut. Bai

eeoeecesere | eeerer

1} ~-B))) sud; (Saphenaria gigas, Sows sicsivs.c....ccdsavcc] | svcasdade oP ebeben Galapagos and Panama. |
2| 8] a,b characteristica, Rue, s.csssssssevesisce}. sxteeroes .+.++ (Galapagos and Panama.
4| 15} a,b |—— equilorata, [Rve. quasi] Gray, MS.) ......... -sevee |Mazatlan.

March 1856.
[S. eguilirata, Cpr. B. M. Cat. no. 240.
Apr. 1856. ]

7; 33) a, |——— amara, [Rve. quasi] Nutt. MS. ...) .....000. California.
[?=S. Lecanium*, Phil. var. ]

2;-11; ... |Chiton albilineatus, Sw: scccccs.aeesercrctet sangeet Pa Guaymas.

2) 7) ... |—— articulatus Soon Uveivihns aMbegneseneg ...| u. stones, | 1. w. (San Blas, Cum,’’!
10) 55 —— Sitkensis, Rve. (non Midd.) vbelddiiel™ ~2tvsdccan Piette Sitka, Lady Douglas,
17/106}... eee BOREL, Ree. 2x ceseevss Arseswddevsnt} ” eaektagee’ oP ae Central America.
24/161 =~ PFOPRIUS, AWE... ...sn.costeberthetvvesd ) Svecdeere > Pea me W.C. Cent. Amer., Sine
46) S7| a, [Patella Cummingii, Rve. -..ccccccsocscccecnens|- cerccetdn © PRAM ‘ Valparaiso, Cum.,”’ F

‘“ Never took it,” (
ipse. “ Monterey,
weg,”’ teste Mus. Ci

[ = Aemea patina, Esch. |

38} a,b |—— clypeaster, Less. Voy. Coq. sesssssee] cecesueee | aeeeee Monterey, Hartweg.
[?=A. patina, var.]
18] a,d,¢ WOUDKE,. REE. wees sins sersvetsrs cd vicp Shay ee Is. Chiloe, W.Col. [!!],
pad ae wm—— EXaratAa, Nutt. ...ceccccesscvcsccsscees

vencana eae | aie Oregon, Lieut. Basker
The P.exarata,Nutt.,of Jay’s Cat.2814, ae
and of Nuttall’s coll. is from the
Sandw. Is. The Oregon shell may
be a variety of the shell called Ma-
zatlanica, probably = A.cassis,Esch.

60} a, b,¢ cinis, Rve. [= A. patina, var.] ......] sss. TE .... |Monterey, Hartweg.
67| a,b VESperting, ve... aiiess uivchincekaneel ) seuppiens aaDeL Em Panama and Gulf Cal
69) a, b,¢ Tarbume, Rove. \...cc..-acctunees Gain Lastolite. | cu-ien Monterey, a

. * Specimens of this species (along with the proof-sheet of Siphonariade ) were — at
Mr, Cuming’ s request, for the use of the author of the Conch. Ic., but no notice of it has-b
found in the Monograph. As Mr. Nuttall found no Siphonaria i in California, it is presume¢
that Mr. Reeve’s species, if of Nuttall, is from the Sandwich Islands ; if ‘ Californian,” that it
is the Mazatlan S. Lecanium, Phil.

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 291

a,b

p. 185.

Name. Station. |) Ga, Locality.
Patella livescens, Rve. [allied to P.) ......... | eee Mazatlan.
toreuma |
— spectrum, Nutt.[=P. scabra, Gd.) ......... | eseee. California.
non Nutt. |
— discors, Phil. Abbild. pl. 2. f. 6 10.) ccseceeee | seven Mazatlan, Shipley.
— Nuttalliana, Rve.[?= A. patina, var. || ...+0+. bv) Sites Oregon.
—— verriculata, Rve.[=A. patina, var. || ..secseve | sess California.
— leucophea, Nutt. [ =A. pelta, Esch. |) ......066 | ceoeee Upper California.
—umbonata, Nutt.[ = A.persona,var. |, ...+.... -».... (Upper California.
—— Oregona, Nutt.[ = A.persona,Esch.]| ......06+ | esses Oregon.
— scabra, Nutt. [non Gld.=spectrum,| .......05 | sonore Upper California.
Nutt. ]
fenestrata, Nutt. [= A. patina, var.]| ......06. | veeeee Upper California.
—navicula, Rve.[ =A. mitella*, Mke. || .......26 | seeeee Mazatlan, Shipley.
—corrugata, ve.[ = P.pediculus,Phil. |) ......... 0 | seseee Acapulco.
—— mamillata, Nutt. [= 4. patina, var.]| 06.2.2... | seeeee California.
Fissurella rugosa, Sow. ........seeeceseevens under stones| 1. w. |Galapagos, Cum.
a pemenciathrate, PE A tenumrersoyl--4ahpenwagwts 0 aoieks ?
= Glyphis aspera, Esch. |
Tuitelle lentiginosa, Rve. .......seseree coarse sand} 5 |Payta, Cum.
{= T. goniostoma, var. |
Comingti, Rve.....0..4.0¢s SHANE «ads mud 11-16|Panama, Cum.
SE PACT IRE VAT a |. connyensnp odsevndbed tt ceebsbes¥O Uk: mebsy Conchagua, Belcher.
— Banksii, Gray, MS. ............20800. sandy mud| 10 |Panama, Cum.
[?= T. goniostoma, jun. |
Pace OMMPIUINER IVC i. 50 c4.0seneiedgesecases| «obbebaphl'O Pedeaee California, Mus. Belcher.
Ampullaria Columbiensis, Sow. MS.......) ccsceseee | eens Chiriqui, Veragua.
Cumingii, King, Zool. Journ. vol. v.| .....e002 | aaeees Is, Taboga, Panama.
p- 344.
— cerasum, Hani. Conch. Misc. ....2.| .csseesee | eeeeee Mexico +.
Haliotis corrugata, Gray,in Wd., pl.8.f.5, .e....... | ceeene California.
— Cracherodii, Leach, Zool. Misc.1814,| ....00... | veveee California.
vol.i. p. 131.
=H. glaber, Schub. & Wagn.
—— Californiensis, Swains. Zool. Illustr.) .......2. | eevee (California.
vol. ii. p. 80. |
Turbo tessellatus, [Rve. quasi] Kien......0 ..sceseee | seeeee \California.
— marginatus, Nutt. MS............006 bers s ees ee ‘Upper California [?].
Neritina Californica, Rve. ...........02s200 ee ee en! ‘Gulf of California.
p= Listeri,.[Rve. quasi] Pfiriessscccves,| osvesstecs | saaces Cuba, Nicaragua.
—— Michaudi, Récl. P. Z.S. 1841. \p. ETSY PCG MREGIN Panama.
— Listeri, [ Rve.quasi] Pfr.[non eadem] sinas thaws | |tamsittle St. John’s Riv., Nicaragua.
Cyprea onyx, Linn.=C. adusta, Lam....| ...00.0. | sseeee San Diego [? auct.].
[ =C. nymphe, Ducl.= C. pulla, Gmel.|
(non Gask.) teste Jay. |
—— punctulata, Gray, Z. Journ. i. 387..| under st. | ...... Panama, Cum.
—— albuginosa, Mawe, Z. Journ. 1.510..| ..e..se08 | eveeee California.
—— Solandri, Gray, Sow. Conch. Ble Y nti sleep coe California.
no. 128. f. 43.
' | ~Maugerie, Gray, Sow. Conch. Ill.| ......... 0 | ceeoee Galapagos, Cum.
no. 111. f. 30.
— Californica, Gray, Z. Journ. iii. 365.) ....eeeee | cece California.
rubescens, Gray, P. Z.S. 1832,) under st. |...... |Galapagos, Cum.

* It is to be regretted that the author of the Conch, Ic., when describing so many new
species of Limpets from the West coast of America, did not avail himself of the previous
labours of Eschscholtz and Menke in the same field.

T Supposed to be from the Reigen (Havre) Col., as well as other species described from
Mexico: but no dependence can be placed on the localities of the shells sold at the auctions:
%. antea, p. 242.

u2

292 REPORT—1856.
Pl.|Sp.| Fig. Name. Station. Fa na
25|142| a,& |Cypreasuffusa, Sow. Conch. Il.n.126.f.41.| ....... “ .+ee (Galapagos, Cum.
= C. armandina, Ducl.*
15|.70| ... |\Ganusteyriformis; Pre. ......eich acveewe sandy mud | 7-10 |Caraccas & Montija, u
14| 72! a,b’ |—— brunneus, Sow. P. Z. S. 1834 ...... clefts of rks.| ...... |Puert. Pt., Pan., Gal., Cu
14). 75) wolae VISAS, LAI, cinnccanece.scendtesy dues coarse sand | 7-11 |Bay Pan. & Montija, C
22/126 Rve. P. ZS. 1843 ...00. sandy mud }...... |Salango, Cum.
[? C. interruptus, var. |
26/143)... TGR. ccccecen ven sittanh ene Posket es
var. 6: =. dtaratus, Brod. yes zeaed pools onsds
26|146 —— regularis, Sow. Conch. Ill. f. 45 ...| soft mud
oe 153) .... |—— concinnus, Brod. P. Z. S. 1833...... on the sands
33] a,b |Natica alabaster, Rve. [?=N. uber, var.]| .es..se0e
: 7| a,b Chemnitzii Réel. MS. 1855, NOD MEE. : cccokees re
eb. oe perspicua, Réel. in Pet. Jour. Conch.| .........
vol. i. p. 379. pl. 14. f. 1, 2. Baskerville.
10} 40} a,b |—— bifasciata, Gray’ ........ceccsersceen sand l.w. |Guaymas, Mr. Babd, 4
Dera sayeh. ee ISP illite so0c4 nawvidede cannnecescnannn muddy sand} 4 /|Casma, Peru, Cum. —
19| 85) a,d TINIMIACULAEA; Relea. <cescesczeinn <i nce (Re cganas ath teeeil Mazatlan, Lieut. Shipley.
BS) G—-d. AAT pa POSEA Si. cs Lesa be Lhd. ee doacnetaces sand __|dp, w./Senegal. 2 |
4| 9) a-e crenata, Rve.=H. rosea, var. Kien.| sandy mud d. w. |Acapulco, Cum. [!]
=H. Rivoliana, Less. [=H. testudi- e
nalis+H. Mexicana, teste Jay. ] ;
4) 5 Dolium ringens, Sow. Tank. Cat. App.) .ecsocsse | seeeee Payta, Cum.
p- XXi.
= Malea latilabris, Val.
8] 18] a,b |Cassis abbreviata, Lam.+-C. lactea, Kien.| ..sses005 | +eeee. |Acapulco.
+C. centiquadra+ C. doliata, Val.
1} 5) a,& |Oniscia tuberculosa, Sow. Gen. p. 2 var.| ......008 | seeeee Gulf California, Mus. Cur
1} 1} a, |Voluta Cumingii, Brod. P. Z. S. 1832 ...] ....ceee 9 |Gulf Fonseca,SanSalvado
5| 26} ... |Turbinella castanea, Rve. ....... do dene ition el CLOV. OFTES.\ dente Panama, Cum. [ Cun
= T. acuminata, Rve. Conch. Syst. :
non Gray in Wood Suppl.
PL POer. ee F=—— COPA, PEAY vie. secarancaeiaben se renee -| under st. | 1.w. |Galapagos, Cum.
8} 40) ... tectum, Gray [Cuma] ............04 sandy mud | 10 |Bay Panama, Cum.
Li) 3) ce (Mgpeiolaria princeps, Sow. 10. csesscdccsccose] Scavecines Alp oaeee Peru, Cum.
1} 1) a,d |Olivaangulata, Lam.= Volutainerassata,| sandy mud| 9 |Gulf Nicoya, Cum.
Dillw. = O. azemula, Ducl. uy
10). 16) amd * 1S Feticullaris, Lame. .ovecccsocnncvesnsccar|) cadiRctas se». Is. Granada, West Indi
‘“‘ vars. = O. araneosa, Lam.+O. Timo-| ........2 | cecaee Gulf of California, Dons '
ria+0O. venulata+- O. obesina+ O.
pindarina, Ducl.”
11) LO} apd. pe—' Coming tl, Bee. ....ci..0.cnnscessseccscepetsivcedss JU) Gaal . |Gulf Calif., Donne.
18] 36] ... J——testacea Lam. ....ccccccsccorcsccsenes sandy mud| 6 {Real Llejos, Cum,
20) 48) ... |—— biplicata, Sow. Tank. Cat. App.p.33| sands 1. w. |Monterey, Hinds.
23} 63) a, d lineolata, ‘‘ Gray, Wood Suppl.=| ......... -+eee» |California,
O. dama, Ducl.”’
[ O. lineolata, Gray, Z. B. V.=O.dama,
Mawe, in Wood Suppl. ]
25) 73} a-e undatella, Lam.+ 0. nedulina+0O.|sand & mud} 1. w. |Bay Panama, Cum.
ozodina, Ducl. banks
25] 74| a,b anazora,. Deel. .cgasnepiamaeboncthh sandy mud| 10 /|Xipixapi, Cum.
26) 80} a-—c |—— tergina, Ducl. ...cccccscerscccecees --.| Sand banks | ...... Conchagua, Cum.
41 13) ... |Triton clandestinus, Chemmn. ........0+6. { jar Bos: Bee Galaeeaa eae
20} 97| ws j—— pagodus, Rve. [Nassa] ....ip-occncs) stone) besees Bay Montija, Cum.
20) BO) acy: -—_ pictus, Reve. .....cersssnevebauibenae sees} under st. | 1. w. |Galapagos, Cum.
1} we Purpuraspatuila,, Zinn. ..:...ecclesmecehsennalis odenegpans .-eee [Philippine Is., Cum, —
6] 28 a, eed bicostalis, [Rve. ? non] Lam. on rocks | 1. w. |St. Elena, Cum,

* Whether this and C. subrostrata (Rve. pl. 26, f. 147) be the Pacific or the Caribbwan —
species, or whether they are identical, has not yet been decided.—Vide B, M. Maz. Cat. p. 379.

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 293

Pl. |Sp.| Fig. Name. Station. | tins Locality,
4) 23) ... |Ricinula alveolata= Purpura a., Kien.| ......... .-eeee (Panama, Cum.
Icon. Conch. p. 42. pl. 9. f. 23.
[Non Rve.]
1; ... {Monoceros unicarinatum, Sow. C. L. f. 5.) .ccsceses | ceeece California.
“—P, spicata, Blainy., Kien.=P. en-
gonata, Cour.” [v. antea, p. 201.]
2} .. {|—— punctatum, Gray, Z.B.V. p.124...| cccccecee | eeeee Is. Cocos, N.W. Mexico,
“= P. lapilloides, Conr.” [v. p. 201.] Capt. Colnett.
Ses MCEINUIMN Pristis, Desh...s..scorcecsenseress| —sevaveseer. | seeede St. Elena.
= B. serratum, Dufresne.
= B. Northiea, Gray, MS.
43} ... |—— pusio, Linn. .....+... Duicecdetucsldntenae|. Cl csseee ty, pees Honduras, California. [?]
50]... |—— pagodus, Rve. ...cecccccccececsceeees clefts of rks.) 1. w. jIsland Taboga, Cuma. v. r.

10} ... |Pyrula subrostrata, Gray, Z. B. V. pl. 36.| sandy mud| 12 |Bay Montija, Cum.
£15.

= Buccinum subrostratum, Wood.
= Fusus lapillus, Brod. & Sow.

eaiae ) euses® Dupetit-Thouarsii, Kien: .......6.|.. secceooss). | daoedt Galapagos, Cum.
Bl) s.. Oregonensis, Say= Triton O., Say.| ..occcsee | eevee N. America [? ubi].
yas i MIEKICADUS, FUVC..icicc..ccdsiccnsessess| | acccescsw™ | accavs Mexico [? ubi].

4| se {Murex monoceros, Sow. P.Z. S. 1840 1.2] .sscocses | veveee California.

?=M, Nuttalli, Conr.
12) 4. |—— foliatus, Gimel. .......scoccscsscnsesees rky. places }...... Sitcha, Eschscholtz.
98) a,b |—— salebrosus, King ...cecssccescascevees under st: "Ai... Panama, Cum.
28/128} ... |-—— horridus, Brod. P. Z.S. 1832 ...... sandy mud | 8-12 |St. Elena and Panama,

= Fusus h., Sow. Conch. Ill. f. 29.
=M. Boivinii, Kien.

_63. The Monographs of Kiener, in his “ Coquilles Vivantes,” are generally
executed with great. care, and are extremely valuable for the identification of
species. The writer does not fall into the common error of minute division of
species: on the other hand, he sometimes unites what will be almost universally
considered as distinct. His judgment is not always correct on small shells, as
when he thinks that Certthium trilineatum of Phil. ought without doubt to
be considered as a dextral variety of C. perversum. For the identification
of the Lamarckian species, his work is extremely valuable. But on points
connected with geographical distribution, the following list will show that,
unconfirmed, it cannot be regarded as an authority. The “ California” of
French authors, as of English, generally applies to the W. Mexican fauna.
Unfortunately, there are no dates, by which questions of the priority of
nomenclature may be decided.

No. Page. Plate. Fig.
=» t+ 30 1. Turbo cael Kien. [=T. ? fluctuatus, var. P.Z.S, 1855,
. 234.
mut: 14 2, et eee imermis [quasi] Gmel.
9 4 2, Turritella tigrina, Kien.
25 36 13 3. Cerithium maculosum, Kien. [Named adustum on the plate.]
S. Sea, Acapulco, Galapagos.

me -3/ id 2, adustum, Kien., non Sow. [Named maculosum on the plate. |
Indian Ocean, Red Sea. [Probably correct. |

31 38 7 3. Cyprea Sowerbyi, Kien. =C. zonata, Sow. non Chemn. Calif.

2. —— Lamarckii, Ducl., Val., Rve., p. 334. Acapulco. [Not so

am oS) 8
, given in Val., Rve. ]
133 146 22 4. —— lathyrus, Dufresne. =C. sanguinea, var. Pacific.

* Fusus corrugatus, Rve. pl. 20. sp. 84, ab, is said to be= Trophon muriciforme, King,
Zool. Journ.

294 -REPORT—1856.

No. Page. Plate. Fig
138 152 45 3,3a.Cyprea subrostrata, Gray. Isle of France.
52

136 150 Ls candidula, Gask. W. Mexico.
9 14 7 2. Cancellaria goniostoma, Sow. =C. brevis, Sow., teste Kien.
12: 18> “St7 chrysostoma, Sow. Panama, Peru, Galap.
24 18 #16 ~~ 1. Pleurotoma funiculata, Val. San Blas.
37 59 23° 1. —— maura, Val. [=P. Melchersi, Mke.| Mazatlan, Botta.
26 33 15 2. —— Botte, Val. [=P.inerassata, Sow.] Mazatlan, Botta. 1 sp.
115 1389 55 1. Conus Lorenzianus, Chemn. Acapulco.
7 10 4 7,7a.Solarium variegatum, Lam. N. Holland, Manilla, N. Ireland. ~
5, cyclostomum+ S. Aithiops, Mke. ra) tessellatum, Desh. dy

18 27 12 = 2. Pyrula veniricosa, Val. San Blas.

15. “* Cassis coarctatum, Sow., Les edtes du Perou a Acapulco.”

1. Ranella bufonia, Lam. Red Sea, Seychelles, N. Ireland, Calif.

BBY BQ TH hued. semigranosa, Lam. ‘= R. celata, Brod.” Panama.

23 31 8 1. -—argus, Lam. ‘ =Triton Ranelliformis, King, Z.J. p. 347,
Var. = Ranella vexillum, Sow. Conch. Ill. pl. 1. f. 3.” Chili.

27. OG, 4 anceps, Lam. =R. pyramidalis, Brod. P.Z.S. 1832, p. 194.

a2 30 15 12. scabra, Grateloup. Peru.

16°25 16. 1. Turbinellacerata, Griff. Mazatlan,common. Du Petit Thouars.

17 26 16 2. —— tubercularis, Griff. (A few sp. from the voyage of Du —
Petit Thouars.) Mazatlan.

cingulata. [Operculum described. Yet Reeve, after mi & z
places the shell under Monoceros. |

61 98 26 70. Purpura chocolatum, Ducl. Coasts of California.

“I
—_
joo
“IO

25° gb 20 fd

Z1:114. 37 | 87: biserialis, Blainv. Shores of Mazatlan.

AQ” 64+ LF: +49. bezoar, Bl. Chima and California.

49 78 20 58. columellaris, Lam. Red Sea and Pacifie, Chili, California. °

.. 81 21 60b.—— callosa, var. [= P. triserialis. |

68 109 28 74. -—— Grayi, Kien. “= Mon. grandis, Gray.” Pacific.

92 141 44 102. Monoceros lugubris, Sow. Gen. no. 5. f.3. “= M. eymatum,
Tank. Cat. 1888. = Buccinum denticulatum + armatum,

Wood Suppl.” Peru and California.

24 23 9 28. Buccinum serratum. [=Northia pristis. } ** Habite la Mer du
Sud, sur les cétes de la Californie,”” Eydoux.
4 2 10 2. Columbella hemastoma, Sow. California.
btiniddanh. 2 paytalida, Ducl. “= C. rustica, Sow. Gen. f. 3. non Lam.”
= C. fuscata, Sow. California.
ftv. Oe meleagris, Ducl. San Blas.
9.14 2 1,2. Pyrula patula. [N.B. The operculum of P. melongena, as figured —

by Kiener, is broader in proportion than that of P. patula. |
[ He thinks, however, that the species should be reunited.) __
11 15 11 ... Fusus Dupetithouarsi, Kien. California, [Galap., Cuming, Rve.]
5 9 10 2. Murex messorius, Sow. ‘‘ =motacilla, B., Lam. + rectirosirum,
Sow.-+nigrescens, Sow.” Senegal.
a aa) to corrugatus, Sow. Red Sea, California.
39 55 21 2. —— oxyacanthus, Sow. S. Sea, California.

64. In a paper by Dr. L. Pfeiffer, “ Ueber die geographische Verbreitung
der Heliceen,” in the Zeit. f. Mal. 1846, pp. 74-79, 87-96, occur the following
lists of land shells from the western districts of North America :—

Page

94. From Oregon.......... Helix Vancouverensis, Columbiana, fidelis.

94. From California ...... areolata, levis, tudiculata, Sagraiana, Townsend-
iana, Californiensis, Columbiana, Dupetithouarsii.

94. From Mewico.......... lucubrata,Oajacensis, Buifoniana, umboldtiana,

Mexicana, bicincta, tenuicostata, Dkr., oreo la
Hindsi, ventrosula.
O61: ys be Deedalochila implicata. a.
es »s Polygyra contortuplicata. wes J

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA 295

Page. .
94. From Central America... Helix Ghiesbreghti, griseola, labyrinthus, plicata,

; quadridentata, Euryomphala, quinquestrigata.
94. From Real Llejos...... —— spirulata, Nystiana.
94. From Panama ........ —— Antoni, uncigera.

Many of the species quoted from Mexico and Central America probably
belong to the east side of the mountain range. In the same work, pp. 158—
160, are described the following land shells, brought from the Mexican
_ Republic by Liebmann. They are probably from the eastern side :—

Page Page
158. Helix caduca, Pfr. 159. Achatina Liebmanni, Pfr.
158. Bulimus Liebmanni, Pfr. 159. ——— streptostyla, Pfr.
158. Achatina coronata, Pfr. 159. Cylindrella Liebmanni, Pfr.
In the Zeit. f. Mal. for 1844, 1845, occur the following :—
Page. No.
1844. 35 ... Ampullaria malleata, Jonas. Tabasco, Mexico.
1845. 152 1 Hel Buffoniana, Pfr. Rio Frio, Mexico.
ier boos 2 levis, Pfr. California, Hinds.
ee a | areolata, Sow. MS. California, Hinds.
» 168 7 Halotis Kamtschatkana, Jonas. Near Island of Oonalaszka.

In the Zeit. f. Mal. 1847, pp. 1, 2, Dr. Menke describes the two following
species, brought by Liebmann from Mexico :—

Cylindrella teres, Mke. Prov. of Puebla. | Cylindrella Pfeiffert, Mke. Tehuacan.

In the Zeit. f. Mal. 1847, pp. 93-96, Dr. Philippi describes the following
freshwater shells, brought from Mexico and Central America by Largilliert

~ and Liebmann :—

No. 32. Unio cyrenoides, Phil. Lake Nicaragua (Larg.).
Panes Aztecorum, Phil. Mexico (Lied.).
», 30. —— Mezxicanus, Phil. Mexico (Liebd.).
» ob, Liebmanni, Phil. Mexico (Lied.).

In the mixed collections of shells described by Philippi in the Zeit, f. Mal.
1848, 1849, occur the following species :—

1848.
Page. No.
. Sl

Cerithium (Potamides) Hegewischii, Ph. Mexico, Hegewisch. Resembles
Cerithidea varicosa, Sow. [but it is not stated in which ocean it was

found. |

127. 53 Trochus (Phorcus) Panamensis, Phil. Panama, EH. B. Philippi.

129 55 Adeorbis scaber, Phil. Panama, Found in Avicula margaritifera by
E. B. Philippi.

130 57 Anodonta cornea, Phil. Nicaragua, Largillert.
atrovirens, Phil. PA a.

Nicarague, Phil. By =

141 79 Bulla Panamensis, Phil. Panama, EF. B. Philippi.

143. 84 Cerithium filosum, Phil. California.—Mus. Largilliert.

145 87 Donawx Panamensis, Phil. Panama, EL. B. Philippi.

149 96 Kellia pulchra, Phil. West coast of America.

a 97 Litorina parvula, Phil. Panama, EF. B. Philippi.

o 98 phasianella, Phil. be
153 7 Mactra velata, Phil. = », ?*AnMulinia exalbida,Gray.”
163 33. Petricola robusta, Phil. _ » In Avicula margaritifera,

[This fortunately appears to be one of the many forms of Petricole
robusta, Sow. |
164 34 Phasianella perforata, Phil. Panama and Payta, E. B. Philippi.
175 59 Tellina Panamensis, Phil. Panama, HE. B. Philipp.
176 62 Unio nuculinus, Phil. Nicaragua, Largillert.

296 REPORT—1856.
Page. No.

188 67 Trochus (Calcar) erythrophthalmus, Phil. =T. olivaceus, Wood. Cali-
fornia. [Described under the erroneous impression that the T. oli-
vaceus of Wood’s Cat. was the white mouthed shell. =T. inermis,

1849. Gmel. teste Kien. |

148 Trochus Belcheri, Phil. Mus. Hanley. Voyage Belcher.

149 — callichrous, Phil. - ye aN is

150 —— callicoccus, Phil. "3 ss ‘* Venus.

168 —— metaformis, Phil. M - ‘4 Belcher.

170 — neritoides, Phil. 4; z 35 aj

171 —- nucleus, Phil. “ me me

191 suavis, Phil. 2 te P =

1850.
84 48 Succinea brevis, Dunker. Mexico.
1851.
61 73 Buccinum Panamense, Phil. Panama, Payta, FE. B. Philippi.
71 94 Cyrena inflata, Phil. Costa Rica.—Mus. Busch.
74 100 Cytherea solidissima,Phil. California.[=Trigonella crassatelloides,Conr. 15
75 2 Donaz obesa, Phil. California. [=D. Californicus, Conr. |
123 47 Terebra Belcheri, Phil. ‘... ex itin. Belcher.”
126 52 Venus distans, Phil. Panama, E. B. Philippi.
1852.
79 13 Avicula (Meleagrina) fimbriata, Dkr. Central America.
[?=Margaritiphora Mazatlanica, Hanl.]}
1853,
112 40 Lutraria inflata, Dkr. California, teste Bernhard.

In the “ Malacozoologische Blitter fiir 1854,” which is a continuation of —
the Zeit. f. Mal. by the same editors, occurs the following :—

1854. Page 28. Pyramidella bicolor, Mke. [ Obeliscus.] Calif., teste J. W. E. Miiller.

65. The following are from Philippi’s Monographs in Kuster’s edition of —
Martini’s Continuation of Chemnitz’s ‘ Conchilien Cabinet’ :—

Kust. Mart., p. 57. no. 60. pl. 9. f. 4.
Marquesas.

Kust. Mart., p. 78. pl. 12. f. 1-5. Natica maroccana, Chemn. Morocco, Chemn.,
W. Indies, Cheman. Guinea, Largilliert. E. Africa, Rodatz. W. Mexico, Pfr. Panama, ©
C.B. Adams. (Var. lurida), Havanna, Sandw. Is., Lieukieu Is., Largilliert. (Var. uni-

fasciata), Peru, Petit.

66. Besides the authorities given in published works, the following have
been noted from the British Museum Collection :— |

Saxicava arctica.
Stokes. B. M.
Tellina nasuta. Icy Cape.
Donax punctatostriatus.
Capt. Ld. Byron.
Donax Penn San Blas. [? ubi.]
Tellina rufescens. St. Domingo.
R. Schomburgk.
Pinna? rudis. Panama. Miss Saul.
Chiton, sp. ind. California.
Chiton vestitus, Sow. Capt. Beechey.
Bulla 2? nebulosa. Pedro Blanco, Mexico.
Mr. J. Robertson.
Physa elata. California. Dr. Sinclair.
Fissurella mutabilis, Swams. Galapagos.
Dentalium pretiosum. Central America.
Dr. Sinclair.
Dentalium, like entalis.

N. Zealand. Capt.

S. America.

Sir

Vancouver’s

Natica otis, Brod. & Sow. Mazatlan and

Isl. C. Ede, Esq. (used by the natives”
for money).

Litorina fasciata. SandwichIs. Lieut.
Strickland.

Cerithium ocellatum, Brug. Madagascar.
(Compare with C. stercus-muscarum.) —
Odostomia. Monterey. Capt. Beechey.
(Probably O. gravida, Gould.)
Eulima distorta. St. Vincent’s, W. I.
Natica bifasciata, Gray. W.Columbia.
Marginella curta, Sow. jun. Mazatlan. —
Fusus ? Dupetithouarsi, var.
Trophon labiosa, Gray. Callao. ~
Nitidella cribraria. S. America, Capt,
King.
Pisania ? ringens. Pernambuco. J. P. G.
Smith.

’

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.

297

67. The following species and localities have also been noticed in Mr.

Cuming’s collection :—

Petricola denticulata. Mazatlan.

Thracia plicata, Desh. W.N. America.

Periploma Leana. Mazatlan. Capt.
Keppell and Mr. Ede, R.N.

Lyonsianitida. ‘ China Seas, Belcher ;”
probably an error.

Tellidora Burnett.
Elena, Cuming.

Donaz assimilis. Conchagua.

Mactra angulata: plentiful from the
Gulf, rare further south, teste Cuming.

Crassatella gibbosa and undulata. West
Columbia.

Cardium Belcheri. Panama, Cuming.

Diplodonta semiaspera. St.Thomas, W.I.
Merk.

Lucina fenestrata. Monte Xti, San Blas.

Kellia suborbicularis. Is. Muerte (Guay-
aquil), sandy mud, 11 fms. Concep-
tion, Chili.

Salango and St.

Modiola capax. Galapagos, Cuming.

Helix vincta, Val.; Baskervillei, Pfr. From
California and the neighbourhood.

Acmea gigantea=grandis, Gray. Mon-
tery, exposed situations.

Omphalius Californicus, A. Ad. More-
ton Bay.

Chlorostoma funebrale. California.

Ovulum gibbosum. Panama, Cuming.

Torinia variegata. Is. Annaa, coral reefs.

Lathyrus armatus. California.

Leucozonia Californica. Gulf of Cali-
fornia, Lieut. Shipley: appears a La-
thyrus.

Ranella, like verillum. Mazatlan.

? tuberculata, var. Mazatlan (Havre
Col. teste Powis).

Nassa nodocineta, A. Ad. Galapagos.

Rhizocheilus asper. Gulf of California.

Typhis grandis. California.

68. Lastly, the following have been collected from various sources :-—

Gray, Syst. Ar. Moll.* p. 52 (Ianthinide).
Recluzia Rollandiana, Mazatlan.
Gray, Syst. Ar. Moll. p. 117. Garnotia
solida, genus described. Mazatlan.
Gray, Syst. Ar. Moll. Scurria mitra, genus
described. Mazatlan.

Phil. Arch. 1847, p. 63. pl. 3. f. 7. Am-
phichena Kindermanni. Mazatlan.
(Appears to be a Psammobia.)

Tellidora Burneti. W.Columbia, Lieut.
Freer.—Bristol Mus.

Dione lupinaria. Valparaiso, H. Babb,
R.N.—Bristol Mus.

Cardita afinis. Cubaco, Lieut. Wood.

_—Bristol Mus.

Lithophagus aristatus. Panama.—Bris-
tol Mus.

Lithophagus aristatus.
drew.

Isognomon Chemnitzianum. Panama, LD,
Wood.— Bristol Mus.

Chiton consimilis. Upper California.

Paludina nuclea, Lea. Sacramento River.

Anodon angulatus, Lea. pf me

** Oliva splendidula. Mazatlan, — Babb,
Esq., R.N.’’—Bristol Mus.=0O. Mel-
chersi.

Conus concinnus.
Capt. Babb.

Purpura coronata. California.

Turritella sanguinea. California.

Cassis abbreviata. Acapulco.

Marginella imbricata. Acapulco.

Iitorina coronata. SanBlas.—Mus.Nutt.

Algiers, M‘An-

Bay of California,

69. Having now presented an abstract of all the original sources of in-
formation (so far as known to the writer), we proceed to embody them in a
table, arranged at the same time geographicallyt and zoologically, so as to
exhibit in one view as much of the foregoing materials as may be looked
upon as tolerably satisfactorily made-out. Doubtful species, or those whose
locality rests on insufficient evidence, are not included. Where the evidence
is good, but suspected, the name, if inserted, is in [ ]; where it is poor, but
a priori correct, it is enclosed in ( ). Species entirely omitted can be written
in by the student, from the foregoing lists, if he is satisfied with the evidence.
All names printed in the same horizontal line are regarded as probably
conspecific; synonyms being distinguished by a single (.

* Of this work, “Systematic Arrangement of Mollusca” (with figures of the teeth of
Gasteropoda), now passing through the press, Dr. Gray obligingly allowed me the use of the
proof-sheets, The main grouping of the Gasteropoda has been followed to a considerable extent,

T In the second column, A. signifies Asia (chiefly Kamtschatka and the Sea of Okhotsk ;

B. Behring Sea. In the last column, E. signifies the coasts of Ecuador and Peru; C. those
of Chili, i 7

REPORT—1856.

298

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1856.

REPORT

310

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REPORT—1856.

“eyeyplotued|'** eyeprowed
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vers einuped

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POO O eae ree FHF OH FIFE HOOT HEH THF OEETHH (SOFT ET HF SSE FHP HHHIS HS e eee EeH SEH eee Hee EEei one DINJDING

‘ds PUTTETERELELTTRT TCR eC ETE Ee Ceeerere Creer rrrr rir rr rier arr *** snpipuody
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313

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.

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‘ds POS eo ese teoerseseselsreeerieereas S1.LOpo1Uoy

"ds eeeeeteeeceeeteeeer eae eeteeett ese S1iog : Waluogd

-eyeuuid eeeeecrleoeeseoersee SYOW > ©aItIoOwW

1856.

REPORT

314

V's

‘sobndnjn4y

' Pee ctecer seelel goutidy|"*eeerees wiga

“e1OFINUU
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pUDung

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4 “roTpryyed COP er eee eer sesees sdeWasgecestenmenn Ce senees OR ‘snumyng

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MOY fe UVOTOy
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|
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"‘DIUaUpy “a | “pIUsofyay *H \\ ‘nusofyny “7 |musofyng *7) ‘uobaiQ ‘2u04p = |" DIS “suo yva1b0j007

315

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“ds

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REPORT—1856.

“eye]9
“eryueINe

"CYOBITA soeeeeees BABSTIA
*COUIDATA
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"FV *S| ‘sobodnpy “DUDUDT “DIWMaUp "dQ \nUdsofynyD “4H || vrus0fyyy "'T \*n1UL0fyDn) *A

316

a aaa RT a aa aa ee eet
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ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.

“ds eecees uinyijod has aoe had (4 es

—_ _ ee ee

REPORT—1856,

318

\

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“ds soeeeoens s100Stp eeeetrans S1008Ip
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‘sobndyuy *DUDUDT ‘wridaupy *Q | nuUsofyny *D

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| *eyor1dap|
i “ST[IqeySUur

‘TUSY @eocee queso DYJAIDAT ¥

SPOOR eee HOOT Tl era He EHH ET TEEH EOE sere gest TOE seseoes ceeramentinne Peete tlsacees NII T : WalTIaLvg

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TIYSUISSaUsO AA |***"*** ai ida TTYSUASSOUSO AA |**"***|"zapu2 DLaUay
esareesecsssccncecleeceeanarsceceseclaneaanscerseeseesslsccsssceceesseneetlenseeeloo om sou EDIE
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eutgadsoa Coe ccerescseseceselocsegelecsece pyvdojy

PERELITERTU TELE) COTTE eee re ees eee ere yer er eres Ceres Peres (woz0y9 : WOINOLIH))

“ouubo fog "T | *nrusofyny “1

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uobat(Q ‘UIA “suorsrangy y09260j007

319

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.

*BULI4SO
“snl
“elnIaqqis
“q| eyeqoundorsru vyey0undorstu| eyejoundoasS1u
*VULI1JOLOVUL *** VUAT}OIOVUL|*** VUIT}O.10RUI
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*snyynt eR ERS EN TTT E TT Preee ET eeey ICLETE EEL CLE Cee er a) Ogun,
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REPORT—1856.

*RIOFUI10
alerts eestpenboeur| stettersstestese|eeeeeeees pord))‘++++* sipenbeeut
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‘vy 'S| ‘sobvdyjny “DUDUDg “‘pawwaup *Q | nusofyn) *9 || ‘vUdsofyvg “T | ‘wusofyn9 “AQ “u0baiQ ‘uoup = |"mspy| — “suorsvarg’ yn0160]007

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320

321

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.

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REPORT—1856.

‘VF S| ‘sobvdvjny

322

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342

343

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.

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REPORT—1856.

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345

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.

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346 REPORT—1856.

70. Now let the student of geographical distribution of Mollusea begin by —
observing the fauna of our own seas, and learn, from the invaluable work of
Forbes and Hanley, to discriminate species and eliminate those that are
spurious. Let him then, taking Philippi and M‘Andrew as his guides, compare —
them with the shells of the Atlantic and Mediterranean shores. Let him, with |
Gould and DeKay, note both the similar and dissimilar forms on the shores of
the United States. Let him, after studying the very characteristic fauna of the —
Caribbean Sea, again cross the Atlantic, and observe the reappearance of well- —
known forms, in spite of the vast extent of ocean. Let him trace the fauna
of Senegal with Adanson, of the Guinea coast with Dunker, and of the Cape ~
and Port Natal with Krauss. Here let him enter on the vast Indo-Pacific
province; and, having taken-in the general conception of the fauna from any
collection of East Indian shells, let him examine its special districts, from
- Akaba, to Easter Island in the latitude of the Gulf of California. Let him
learn from Cuming the vast variety of generic and specific forms which cul- —
minate in the Philippines, Let him trace some of these westward even to the
northern extremity of the Red Sea, where they associate with types from the
Mediterranean and even the West Indies ; and eastward from group to group
of the coral or volcanic islands in the vast expanse of the Pacific. Let him |
note the reappearance of forms at the Cape and Australia, in spite of the __
broad waters of the Indian Ocean. Let him learn from Nuttall the species
which are common to the Red Sea and the Sandwich Islands; and from
Stutehbury those which abound both in New Holland and Tahiti. And, |
having at every step in his inquiry found somewhat in common with the last; _
having, when examining the shells of the Marquesas in the center of the
Pacific, found several conspicuous and well-known forms of the Asiatic Seas,
in spite of (in parts) the profound depth of ocean that lies between; he will
naturally expect, as he reaches the American shores, to find also not a little ~
in common with the opposite shores. He crosses the vast unbroken expanse
of the West Pacific; one flank of the hemisphere of waters, which of itself
almost rivals the Atlantic in extent. He pauses at the solitary Archipelago
of the Galapagos, in the very longitude of the Gulf of Mexico, guarding (as
it were) the great bay of Central America, and within 600 miles of its shores.
Even here his eye rests with pleasure on a few well-known Cones and other
forms, which have crossed the fathomless depths and come to claim kindred
with their molluscan brotherhood of the New World. But here they stop.
They could traverse half a world of waters. The human spirit that gives
them understanding and a voice, beholds them on the very threshold of the
promised continent, in whose bays and harbours, protected by the chain of
everlasting mountains, they shall find the goal of their long pilgrimage. But
the Word of the unknown Power has gone forth; and the last narrow channel
they attempt to cross in vain.

We speak now of the first general impression, without regard to excep-
tional cases: and the ascertained facts fully bear us out in saying that there
does not exist on the surface of the earth a more separate, independent
assemblage of mollusks than is to be found, under three great typical divi- —
sions, from Oregon to Chili. Mr. Nuttall, in passing from California to the
Sandwich Islands, found only a Hipponyx in common. Messrs. Cuming and —
Hinds, both of whom had well explored the seas of the E. and W. Pacific,
and of whom the former made his great collections in the two equatorial

boundaries, with no inconsiderable research among the intermediate oro
having compared about 2000 species from the two districts, came to

‘
MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 347

conclusion that only one shell is common to east and west, and not even that
to the intermediate islands*.

71. And if we are thus struck with the isolation of the W. American fauna
in general, so are we with the separation of its component parts. Let us
compare (as being the most unmixed sources of information) the central
collection of Prof. Adams at Panama, on the one side with the equatori
collections of Messrs. Cuming and Fontaine, and with the Chilian researches of
the former and D’Orbigny ; and on the other with the Gulf collection of
M. Reigen, and those in California by Mr. Nuttall and the U.S. Exploring
Expedition. We find that, while so large a number of species are common to
Mazatlan, Panama, Guayaquil and the Galapagos, that they may fairly be
reckoned as one great province, scarcely any are common to the equatorial
districts and Chili, and still fewer to the Gulf and San Francisco; insomuch
that on a comparison of known forms between Mr. Nuttall’s collection,
M. Reigen’s, and the W. Indian fauna, it may be safely asserted that there is
more in common between the two latter than the two former.

We proceed now to the details and the exceptions ; merely premising that
the student must bear in mind the very unsatisfactory nature of most of our
materials, and must therefore receive what follows simply as the approxi-
mation partially attainable in the present state of the science, and not as
absolute truth.

72. In the Boreal Fauna, we naturally look for different conditions from
those which prevail in the continent generally. The near connexion of Asia
and America at Behring’s Straits and the Aleutian Islands leads us to ex-
pect similar forms on the two continents ; and as the boreal species are known
to be both widely distributed and extremely variable, we shall not be sur-
prised to meet again with a few familiar European types.

The following Potar species are quoted from the extreme north at

Icy Cape :—

Corbula gibbosa. Natica pallida.

Tellina alternidentata. Buccinum angulosum.
iconspicua. polare.
nasuta. tenue.

Astarte eae | { =corrugata. _ Chrysodomus fornicatus.
lactea =semisulcata, Trophon lamellosus.

Trichotropis borealis.

Of these none as yet appear in the Sitcha lists but Tellina nasuta, and the
European Trich. borealis. The latter probably reaches Oregon, while the
_ former travels as far south as San Diego.

73. From the SrrcHa district are quoted 102 species (25 bivalves, and
77 univalves); of which 16 are northern forms, not known south of Behring
Sea; 18 biv.+26 un.=44 are found in Asia, principally in the Ochotsk Sea;
Tbiv.+12un.=19are common to Oregon; about the same number, but not the
same shells, are found in Upper California, and a few have a wide range. Triton
scaber is the only Sitcha Proboscidean which reaches California. The Kamts-
chatkian Cryptochiton Stelleri and Placunanomia macroschisma reappear in
Upper California, but have not yet been found in intermediate stations. Mytilus
edulis reaches from Kamtschatka to Upper, and Tellina nasuta with Cardia
Nuttall and Californiense to Lower California; while Aemea patina travels
_ * Vide Woodward’s “ Manual of Moilusca,” pp. 373 et seg., London, Weale, 1851-56: a
work which combines in a smail compass, and ata price within the reach of all, a larger

amount both of accurate detaii and philosophical research than is anywhere else accessible.
The chapters on geographical and geological distribution are invaluable.

348 REPORT— 1856.

under a host of names to the peninsula, and even straggles into the Gulf. _
Scurria mitra, Osilinus ater and Omphalius mestus reach from Sitcha to
Lower California, and Acmea persona sparingly enters the Gulf; while the
ubiquitous Saxicava, one species probably under a variety of names and

4

forms, appears, like man and dog, to adapt itself to every variety of climate, _
and to reappear in every well-searched fauna, boasting also of being one of
the most ancient types now living on the surface of our globe. The
Litorina aspera and Callopoma fiuctuatum, quoted on the authority of —
Barclay, are so essentially tropical, that we may be allowed to suspend our —
judgment before we receive them into the fauna. ‘

74. The Orecon shells belong, in the main, to the Californian type, but |
present, thus far, peculiarities which demand a separate study. ‘he total

Bivalves. ,0Tdinary qPoxifera, Probosci-

Univalves. difera,
number known are ............... 144= 49 12 1 22
Of these have, in addition, mat ig 6 9 0 ;
found only in Upper California wr !
» also in Lower California 12= 5 6 0 l

The following—Crenella discrepans, Trichotropis borealis and Bela ?tur-
ricula, are European forms. ‘The following are the principal sea shells as
yet peculiar :—

Terebratula pulvimata and canrena. Katherina Douglasiz.
Panopeea generosa. Puncturella cucullata and galeata.
Solen sicarius. . Litorina lepida and scutellata,
Venus calcarea and ampliata. Lacuna carinata.
Cardium blandum. Cerithiopsis filosa.
Pecten caurinus, hericeus and Town- Lunatia caurina, herculea, algida.
sendi. Purpura ostrina and lagena.
Placunanomia alope and cepio. Columbella gausapata (the mostnorth-
Chitonidz dentiens and lignosus. erly species of the genus.) fy
Callochiton interstinctus. Nassa mendica.
Mopalia vespertina. Trophon Orpheus and corrugatus. :

Chiton muscosus,

75. A comparison of the shells of the N. W. and S. W. shores of America
offers certain remarkable points of identity. The standard limpet of the
northern seas is Aeme@a patina. On reaching the Gulf, it is replaced by
A. mesoleuca, which probably extends through the Panamic province. But —
when we approach Chili, we again find the A. patina in D’Orbigny’s collec-
tions, and it is figured by Mr. Reeve as though brought by Cuming. Indeed
if the Chilian and Californian specimens were mixed, it would be impossible
to separate them by the shells alone. It is true that Philippi, recognizing
some of Eschscholtz’s Sitchian species as southern forms, accuses the latter of
mixing the labels; but probably they occur in each fauna. The Seurria
mitra also, though somewhat more local, is a very abundant shell on both
coasts. The Aemea cassis of Eschscholtz appears only a northern reproduce
tion of the Patagonian Patella deaurata, Gmel. The Fissurrella violaseens,
Esch., is assigned by him to the south, to which in type it belongs; but it
has some claims on the northern fauna for admission. The Bullia ampullacea,
Midd., is essentially a southern type, especially abounding in peninsulas; 0
its specific relations we are not yet able to judge. The Natica caurina of
Gould, appears a geographical creation for the southern JV. ¢mpervia of
Philippi ; while of the Oregonian Scalaria, Dr. Gould confesses that he has

ae 2
* af?

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 349

seen no marks by which it can be separated from S. australis, though he
expects that some will be eliminated hereafter.

76. The Uprer CALirorniAN district presents a very peculiar assemblage
of shells ; essentially of a temperate cast, but including a few forms of tropical
type. The leading species are as follow, including several which also make
their way into Oregon and Lower California :—

Discina Evansii. Bulla nebulosa. | ' .
Pholadidea penita. Tornatina culcitella and cerealis.
Parapholas Californica. Lepidochiton Mertensii and scrobiculata,
Petricola Californica. Mopalia Simpsonii.

Rupellaria lamellifera. Chitonidze Nuttalli, ornatus, Monte-
Saxidomus Petitii and Nuttalli. reyensis, Hartwegii.

Platyodon cancellatus. Nacella depicta and incessa,
Cryptodon Nuttalli. Acmeea scabra and toreuma.
Spheenia Californica. Fissurella ornata and volcano.
Thracia curta. Lucapina crenulata.

Mytilimeria Nuttalli. Haliotis, 5 sp.

Pandora punctata. Trochus filosus.

Machera Nuttalli. Omphalius aureotinctus.

Solecurtus subteres and Californicus. Trochiscus Norrisii.

Sanguinolaria grandis. Crepidula rugosa.

Tellina Bodegensis, secta and alta. Aletes squamigerus.

Donax fiexuosus and Californicus. Litorina planaxis.

Mactra Californica and planulata. Trivia Californica.

Trigona crassatelloides. Defrancia bella.

Dosinia callosa. Conus ravus.

Venus Nuttalli. Odostomia gravida.

Tapes straminea. Chemnitzia tenuicula and torquata.
Trapezium Californicum. Neverita Recluziana.

Chama exogyra. Mitra maura.

Diplodonta orbella. Marginella Jewetii.

Kellia Laperousii. Purpura macrostoma and harpa.
Mytilus Californianus and bifurcatus. Monoceros engonata and lapilloides.
Modiola recta and nitens. Nitidella Gouldii.

Nucula ccelata. Columbella carinata and StaBarbarensis.
Leda polita. Nassa perpingius.

Isognomon costellatus. Cerastoma Nuttalli.

Pecten latiauratus.

The total number of mollusks known to inhabit this district, excluding most
of those of which the habitat is only loosely stated as “California,” &c., is as
follows :—Bryozoa, |; Palliobranchs,2 ; Lamellibranchs, 73; Ordinary Gaste-
ropoda, 100; Toxifera, 2; Proboscidifera, 24: Total, 202. Of these there have
only as yet been found common also to Lower California (San Diego to Cape
St. Lucas), Bryozca, 0; Palliobranchs, 0; Lamellibranchs, 27; Ordinary
Gasteropeda, 23; Toxifera, 0; Proboscidifera,6: Total, 56; but as scarcely
140 species are as yet known from that region, it is next to certain that the
common species will be hereafter found much more numerous. Of the compara-
tively small assemblage known from Upper California, containing next to no
pelagic forms and only about half-a-dozen minute species, it will be observed
how large a proportion are bivalves, and how few proboscideans; also how
much larger the proportion of the widely extended species is in the former
than in the latter group. A very few, as Cultellus lucidus and Lyonsia
Californica, are perhaps identical with North Atlantic shells; but in general
there isa wide disagreement. Here are found the largest species of Parapholas
and Trigona; and the types of Platyodon, Cryptodon, Mytilimeria and

350 . . REPORT—1856. ’ : ee

Saxidomus. The tendency of the Muricide and Purpuride to assume the
acanthoid type, is well known, both in these and the West Southern shores.
The Lithophagus Gruneri rests on tolerably satisfactory evidence from New
Zealand as well as from Monterey. The wide-spread Strigilla carnaria,
even more like the usual Caribbean type than are the Mazatlan specimens,
here appears in tolerable abundance ; while even the Livona pica is stated to
have been found alive. Of course it may retain a lingering existence in the
upper seas, as Lucina tigerrina in the lower, while on the coast bordering on the
Caribbean it has died out ; but it is more natural at present to suppose it an
error, For the Litiopa divisa, an East Indian pelagic shell, said to have been’
found on “ Cape San Francisco,” a locality of the same name occurs near the
Bay of Guayaquil. The sudden appearance of Haliotide, of great size and
beauty, in the temperate shores of West N. America, is very remarkable.
Not a single specimen occurred in the vast Reigen collection, nor have any
been taken in Central America, or in South America, the head-quarters of
Chitonide. On crossing the Pacific Ocean, however, we find that Japan, ©
which represents the same zone on the Asiatic coast, is equally rich in beau-
tiful forms. The following species are quoted from |

JAPAN. CALIFORNIA.

Haliotis Japonica, Rve. Haliotis splendens, Rve.
gigantea, Chemn. corrugata, Gray.
discus, Rve. Cracherodii, Leach.
Siebaldii, Rve. Californiensis, Swains.
aquatilis, Rve. rufescens, Swains.

Two of the Asiatic species, H. aquatilis, Rve., and H. Kamtschathana, Jonas, 4
stretch upwards within the bounds of the Polar fauna in Behring’s Sea;
while the latter appears to have crossed the waters, and to have found its J}
way sparingly down the American coast.

77. Of the fauna of Lower CaLirorniA, meaning the peninsula from
San Diego to Cape St. Lucas, one of the most interesting portions in the
American coast, but the least thoroughly investigated, very little is known, and
that little but inaccurately. The shells of San Diego, as collected by Nuttall, -
are almost entirely distinct from those of the Gulf. Most of them belong
to the Upper Californian type, but several fresh species make their appear-
ance, which are still distinct from the Mazatlan fauna. This ground was
well searched by Messrs. Kellett and Wood; and it is probable, though the
evidence is very slight, that many of the peculiar shells of their expedition,
such as Hinnites giganteus, Pseudoliva Kellettii, &c., were obtained in this
district. The little that is known accurately of the peninsula, shows that the
stations on both shores of the Gulf belong essentially to the Panamie type;
those within the Gulf being even more tropical than those at the mouth; as
evidenced by Oliva porphyria, Cassis coarctata, Oniscia tuberculosa, Terebi
robusta, and other Panama species not found in the Reigen collection: while
the Bay of Magdalena and other stations in the Pacific are peopled, prin-
cipally by the Californian colony moving southwards, and stopped at the
Cape by the upward equatorial current ; partly by Gulf shells making their wa
round the corner; and partly, it seems, by a special little fauna of its own. I
will be an abundant recompense for the labour of this Report, if it shoul
lead any careful naturalist to make a diligent search of the district, both as t
its shore shells and its pelagic species; making accurate notes at the tim
what species are taken alive and what dead; in what circumstances an
quantities; and with such precautions as shall effectually guard against a

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 351

chances of error. We shall then know, and not satisfactorily till then, where
and how the two great faunas of West N. America, both of which go loosely
by the name of “ Californian,” find their separation.

The imperfect data of the Pacific coast of Lower California only furnish
us with Palliobranchs, 1; Lamellibranchs, 60; ordinary Gasteropods, 49 ;
Toxifera, 7 ; aehngaidh fers. 20: total 137 species. As the localities are so
far from being satisfactorily established, an exact analysis of them will not
here be attempted: but the fauna of each spot will be given entire so far as
known, both on the Pacific shores and in the Gulf. The species marked *
belong to the Californian type ; those marked + to the Panamic.

The following list contains the known shells of San Dizco:—

Pholadidea ovoidea.
penita.
*Parapholas Californica.

Saxicava Pholadis.
*Petricola Californica.
*Saxidomus Nuttalli.
*Platyodon cancellatus.
*Spheenia Californica.
*Lyonsia Californica.

Periploma argentaria.
*Solecurtus subteres.

* Californianus.
Sanguinolaria Nuttalli.
Psammobia Pacifica.

*Tellina nasuta.

bi secta.

—— pura.
vicina.

Cumingia Californica.
*Semele decisa.
flavescens.
rubrolineata.
*Donax Californicus.
*Venus Nuttalli.
sa Californiana.
excavata.
dispar.
fluctifraga.
*Tapes straminea.
*Trigona crassatelloides.
*Cardium Nuttalli.

*

*

*. Californiense.

*. substriatum.

+; elatum.
luteolabrum.

Cypricardia Californica.

*Chama exogyra.
pellucida.
*Diplodonta orbella.
fLucina punctata.
bella. —
Californica.
Nuttall.

TLithophagus attenuatus.

*Mytilus Californianus.
Modiola capax.
Arca pernoides.
*Pecten latiauritus.

Pecten floridus.

purpuratus.
+Ostrea conchaphila.
T—— plumula.

Hinnites giganteus.
*Helix tudiculata.
Kellettii.

Bulimus pallidior.
+Melampus olivaceus.

Haminea vesicula.
*Bulla nebulosa.
virescens.
longinqua.

Tornatina inculta.

Mopalia Blainvillei.
*Acmeea patina.
bi persona.
grandis.
spectrum.
scabra.
fascicularis.
*Fissurella volcano.
*Halhotis Californiensis.
4 Cracherodii.
= splendens.
*Osilinus ater.
*Trochus filosus.
*Omphalius aureotinctus.
” brunneus,
*Phasianella compta.
+Turbo Fokkesii.
TPetaloconchus macrophragma.
*Cerithidea sacrata.
albonodosa.

-—— pullata.
+Natica uber.

Ranella triquetra.
muriciformis.
Californica.
+[ Oliva splendidula].

Purpura emarginata.

Columbella carinata.

*
*
*

— — Californica.
+Nassa luteostoma.
fossata.
T tegula.

Murex Belcheri.

352 REPORT—1856.

The following shells are quoted from San PEDRO :—=

Sanguinolaria Nuttalli. *Tapes straminea. *Acmea‘scabra.
*Semele rubrotincta. —— gracilis. *Scurria mitra.
*Tellina secta. *Diplodonta orbella. *Trochus meestus.

Mactra nasuta. Cardium cruentatum. +Crepidula incurva.
*Venus Nuttalli. *Chama exogyra, +Calyptreea spinosa.

—— fructifraga. *Bulla nebulosa. ;Litorma ? fasciata.

-—— Californiensis. +Acmza mesoleuca. | Oliva biplicata.

The following shells are quoted from GuaymAs. They all belong to thé
Southern fauna, except Bulla nebulosa and Venus straminea, which ‘last be-
longs to that of Upper California. It may be a wrong determination for the
not dissimilar 7% apes histrionica. .

Periploma planiuscula. Pectunculus giganteus. Omphalius rugosus. —
tPetricola robusta. Pecten circularis. Terebra variegata.
+ Venus Columbiensis. *Bulla nebulosa. Conus ferrugatus. ~
Californiensis. Lophyrus levigatus. T regularis.
* straminea. albolineatus. +Natica maroceana.
Tapes grata. tAcmza mesoleuca. bifasciata.
Cardita Californica. +Neritina picta. Fusus pallidus.
Chama f. Mexicana. +Nerita Bernhardi. — lignarius.

Cardium elatum.

The following shells are quoted from SAN JUAN; many others are pro- — |
bably from the same place, but are assigned by error to the Straits of the
same name in Oregon.

+Sanguinolaria purpurea. | +Terebra fulgurata. TOlivella tergina.
Tellina gemma. +Conus princeps. ? eburnea.
*Donax Californicus. +Oniscia tuberculosa. Monoceros tuberculatum.
Bulimus pallidior. > +Cassis coarctata. Purpura muricata.
Radius variabilis. Olivella intorta. + Murex plicatus.

The following are quoted from La Paz:—

Thracia plicata. tOstrea Cumingiana.
+Mactra elegans. +Cancellaria obesa.
Venus reticulata. T solida.
TDione Chionza. + cassidiformis,
yArtemis gigantea. Sigaretus debilis.
Petricola dactylus. +Strombus gracilior.
tLucina punctata. tOliva porphyria.
Modiola capax. Tt splendidula.
+Isognomon Chemnitzianum. +Purpura patula.
Lima tetrica. = emarginata.
Pecten nodosus. +—— biserialis.
dentatus. T kiosquiformis.
Spondylus, sp. +Murex bicolor.

78. A mere glance at the general Table, contrasting the species on each
side of the double central dividing line, especially leaving out of view the un-
certain column of Lower California, will satisfy the inquirer of the marked
and rapid separaticn between the two faunas of California-proper and the
Gulf. The actual difference is, however, much greater than the opp x
since the name of a species occurs in a column if only one specimen has been
obtained, whether or not it were living there; or if living, whether it wer 2
an habitual resident or a straggler. For it will be observed that our present
lists are much in the condition of those of British shells, before the labours
of the dredging naturalists of our own day ; when a W. Indian shell was duly }

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 353

entered on the fauna, if it could be shown to have been picked up on British
sands. There are two main sources of information for the comparison of the
faunas :—(1.) The collections of Mr. Nuttall and M. Reigen; and (2.)
those of the Mexican War naturalists. Now with every respect for the
labours of the latter gentlemen, who doubtless did the very best that it was
possible for them to do under their peculiar circumstances, we hesitate
before we receive from that source alone results at variance with the former.
And for this simple reason; that Mr. Nuttall did not travel further south
than San Diego, nor did M. Reigen pass beyond the district of Mazatlan:
while the officers were moving from place to place, and liable to the errors
that even peacable naturalists may make under such circumstances. As the
results of their collections have been carefully tabulated above, those who
place implicit reliance upon them can easily add to the lists accordingly : but
we think it a sufficient ground for hesitation, that no less an authority than
Dr. Gould had formed the opinion, judging from these collections alone, that
Mazatlan belonged to the Californian rather than the Panamic type; the
contrary of which is abundantly proved by the Reigen collection. It appears
also that Prof. Adams entertained the same doubts, though he does not ex-
press them; for while he quotes the war-naturalists for seven of his Panama
species as inhabiting Upper California, he says in his introduction that none
of the species of the province inhabit San Diego, which is at the borders of
Lower California. The following are the species common to Mr. Nuttall’s
and M. Reigen’s collections, the specimens quoted from the latter being all
that were found out of several myriads of shells.

Californian Fauna. Species. | Gulf Fauna,
Not uncommon......... 1. Strigilla carnaria ...c..000...00. Not common.
APPEL castes ceeseree ....| 2. Cumingia Californica ......... Very rare.

Typical and abundant .| 3. Trigonella crassatelloides ...|Two minute dead valves, possibly
the fry of this species.

MPUNOOR crhacsnistsscsse.| 4. Chama CXOfyra ...éssssessveos One pair and a valve, probably of

this species.

One young sp. .......+ 5. —— (frondosa) Mexicana ...|Typical.

es ee ee ore <s|, Os Modiola; capax «++ ...\.<s0s «vee Very rare.

Not uncommon......... 7. Ostrea conchaphila & plumula/Very common.

YMCA sidcesigevicssssse 8. Bulla nebulos2: 1.2... cseesste A very few, resembling B. nebu-
losa, but possibly = B. ddamsi,
var.

Typical, very abundant} 9. Acmea patina .............0... 2 sp. (? ballast).

Typical, very abundant|/10. —— persona ..............0008 1 sp. (? ballast).

Typical, local............ 11. SOMUAL aes hs «44 saeaeatas 1 sp. (? ballast).

OES IEDEE Leeda; ss..) +0. 12. Crucibulum spinosum ......... Typical, widely diffused.

Dwarf var., common...|13. Crepidula aculeata ............ Typical, widely diffused.

Extremely rare.,........ 14. Hipponyx Grayanus ......... Extremely rare.

MIBIe) Bipleberensnesseerers 15. Petaloconchus macrophragma| Typical, common.

? Var. Californica ...... 16... Natiea maroccana .....es«avrss. Var. Pritchardi.

In this list nos. 3, 4, 8 & 16 are doubtful. Nos. 9, 10 & 11 appear to be
stragglers. Nos. 1, 2,6,7 & 13 honestly belong to both faunas, and are forms
of wide geographical extent ; the few remaining being creatures of sedentary
habits, that are easily transported from place to place. Out of the 694
species therefore, sent from Mazatlan, to say nothing of the additional species
brought by Lieut. Shipley and others, only 16 are in common with Mr.
Nuttall’s Californians ; and even these, to a very limited extent.

79. The following table will give an abstract of what is now known of the
Mexico-Peruvian fauna, grouped in families and in columns according to their
1856. 2A

354 REPORT—1856,

4

distribution. A, Species as yet only known from the Gulf, including

atlan and St. Blas.—B. Species found in the Gulf and Central America,
from Acapulco to Gulf Dulee—C. Gulf and Panama.—D. Gulf and &

America.—E. Gulf and Galapagos.—F. Torat Guir.—G. Central Ame-
rica, peculiar.—H. Central America and Panama.—I. Central America and
S. America—K. Panama, peculiar.—L. Panama and S. America.—M.
TotaLt Panama.—N. TOTAL of N. American tropical fauna. “4

Families, &c. 24 Be D.| E. |-F. || G. | H. J I.

ee ns een a | ee oe fee ee | |

See See -

BR YOZO Ae a Ai tied: Pe eS es ee i) eed Le 5 A Bess

eee ae ea ae eS Ee

eS i ee ee ee ee eS

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
|! 7 FG Ts

Bamidavide Ah SN, Ee eee? ake
Betwieoligee: csisecacceegses ms ace rae ay
Myadee «ccscepyesecsepenseese sid. anth’- hie ban wit be
Carbide ¢....- <u cesses *:

APIO eos. ts. cc auteues.
SAICIMdS esiecabcs.sacdects
SolecuTiid® ........0caceas
gy Cs ee
Donaeidee <..cccc.cccecccens
Mactrids iiiesc ii. Gs.
Wenerid’... 0905). Usk Joos
entarticn) 320000 63k a
Ghamidm °.:...)...500......
Gandiodaa). 68.52.255.9.% 0.5.

Q
rt)
Dm
of
od
°
ie)
=
8
=]
at
Q
8
noe bs

wool eee

yee
aed

— 2 -

ll C—O

a ‘

: OHH OMp RO: :
_

Bellads Sites. cL. 55s
Cyeladid® .c.agivSes 302s ys
Unionidn acnwre. v0.
DiGtAMAGR sansa hades dey.
A MOMMMD SEE. delasK aR Dee.
NCUA aces casei teoss,
ANUCTING MA) Gr tless Soe cikkasas
Pectinidsy Goi isetice oihess a
Spondylidge .....,.inseces
Oabrandas | i..50. ia se
AnaMIGAB 5.0.6 055k Gosh

toh Os OF

LO DD et ON het

ae)

ee | | eS | | SS ee

GASTEROPODA.
Opisthobranchiata ............
Pulmonata.

DUR: « saseny gy aces vere:
LimMMOWAUA, . cesdeasecss ress
THAIBSSODEIIA ..cc.c00s,

* This figure includes Montacuta chalcedonica, found in the fronds of Murex
(Reigen Col,), since the Table was printed.

ON. MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 355

Families, &c. A.|B.|C.|D.| E.| F. |} G.)H.j 1. || K.}] L.|M.}} N
Prosobranchiata.
HETEROPODA.
PAL HIMI Ge & ...,.0000enoxes al fs ne
LATERIBRANCHIATA.
Dentaliadz ...,....5« SORE ee | eae eee Ree eer. 4 eee Puen Oe) ete oa) Bone aes
ScUTIBRANCHIATA.
PAL OTTIAY scan v eye sccsine 9 <0) a 6} 4) 10
ORE RELIES © SA ee i .2 ee
PURINES J odecepinessssbence a 8 0
AU AAGe i a scp cane g ep be ce ie HE oe eer
Fissurellidae ...,.....eseees oe | 4; 2) 10
PIAUOTIAR, oh ocey cer yee Ek ae Pee ee ae. od
fo ne a a am 8 Li Ze
SS Cee 31-2 7
Motel: .)2...5 bs kek: 63} 12} 15} 4 8|| 30} 9] 61
PECTINIBRANCHIATA.
Rostrifera.
eh) hi | ee ah
Calgpteeidaa)...,...ssc00ss: 4| 6 20
DIE aps esis y sss grsisee a) A 4)
Vermetide...... rane rire 5-1 4
SRAM poo ait danas cede cduneay 16) °.., 4
Js te re mt - = 2
EEG AE: oc cccennesnstsosr 4| 5 13
Melaniadze....... Ed: sad Gons pe eae 2
PAMAGIWAGZ ©... 900200000009 1 oe ed
Ampullariadz .....,...+0. a oe 1
Cyclostomide .....,...... oe 1
Truncatellide ............ ae Se 2
POTN. cca vcesceseees 8| 3 15
PATEROTOEE— hs viidadceesvedeceds ee ee 14
PIA CHBIGA: ppveviccneyersvorens o8 Sere aber, a
CU REURIQOEY oo) ajc 00sec ongsie i er ‘as
Co ears Pts eml s ids
Oey "he: 5
oy a re 2| 5 10
Cancellariadz .........+6- i} 6 16
MEROMIDIOD. «..c0seseecaeees 2 4
nore nce, cures « 70} 30) 56} 21 47} 34/118
Toxifera.
Terebrid@ .........+ pret eares 6| 5) 4 1j 15
Pleurotomide ......,..... 11} 4) 7 24| 12) 43
1 1 2 GT ee Teas 5} 6] 6 4| 10
co re ee eee 22) 15] 1 31] 17] 68
Proboscidifera.
OT At en oe can ao 5
F yramidellidze ........s+.: 54; 1 14
MRUIOLGS: oe cecsasus sees Ot og. 3
Cerithiopside ............ 6} ... 4
Bea lavi ade, sacs evi se¥dsers 4; 1 12
ARS «isn sb weveanpnsit ar 9), 4 13
PCTIEIIIIAES, ces seninensaies spall cates i
Lamellariade ........ eccal GY saat aaa) wae eOeeO cou week vcs lke Seah euntecame
MELONIER S... eh accceameee a a | 4 ]
Carried forward ...| 81; 9} 19} 4} 2/105 30| 4/ 52

356 REPORT—1856. .

Families, &c.
(Proboscidifera, continued)......
DONAGE occcbscacdegavesesseal xe ool Realises
Cassie ..ccsescccovetecvecee|-s00| Jl - Qi...) Bl Bil.) 5 eee
Tritomidee bo. heehee 3
TE OIMeNA.ccctccccevenss
Fasciolariad2e.....-.sercece. 2 :
IMTErING Se..550 Ps dev ceeber lca wes estes 2h ab Ll. cnehaneee oun
Volwtidse ciik. of. dsscede tees: BP gst
Olivides vr hietes. Lees 5
POPPELIGR .seciciduscndgteves 4
Bwceintekee rede deces 17
PHO. b236.davende rexes 1
RE URICIOR .o0..cdaes cus eeees 28
Total Proboscidifera ..........0. 143 24! 10/233)| 41) 52) 18|| 82} 41/199)| 417
Total Rostrifera. i264. 6.b.dehdhac 70 21; 8/131|} 13} 29) 18) 47} 34|118)| 213
Total Poxiferaiscericcicccccwceies. 22 8} 1) 47|| 31) 20} 11]| 31] 17| 68)| 140
Total Pectinibranchiata ......... 235 53] 19/411|| 85/101} 47)|160! 92/385)| 770
Total Seutibranchiata, &c....... 63 4| 5] 91]; 10} 11] 8]| 30; 9| 61)| 148
Total Opisthobranchiata and) 15 2} 2) 23/) 6} 6] Ij} 22) |) Sli) 58
Pulmonata.
Total Gasteropoda ...........0+0. 313 59) 26/525/)101)118) 56||212)102/477)| 976
CE PHATOPODAS ciadicwadccveceeenes mA
Total Lamellibranchiata......... 141
Total Palliobranchiata & Bryo-| 16) ...
z0a.
TeTAL Fauna, Gulf to Panama 470 162|242)120 28,808 142}165) 96)|288)165/667)||1416

80. Now let it be carefully borne in mind that every column of this résumé
is, without doubt, very far from the actual truth. Whatever may be learnt
from it must be estimated positively, and by no means negatively. £&.g. not-
withstanding the scrutinizing researches of Cuming, C. B. Adams, Hinds,
Bridges and others in the Bay of Panama, and our almost complete ignorance
of all parts of the Gulf except its entrance, 808 species are quoted from the
latter and only 697 species from the former, giving a balance of 111 species
in favour of the northern station. Now when it is borne in mind that Panama
is in the central tropical region, that it receives both the North American
species as they travel southwards, and the South American as they move
upwards, besides (in all probability) a little nest of bay shells peculiar to its
own quiet haunts; while the Gulf fauna receives scarcely any importations
from the north, and only those southern forms of life which are capable of
subsisting at the very borders or beyond the tropics; it must be evident that
much more has to be done before even the central portion has been brought
up to its proper standing. Then let it be remembered how many species
must be yet unknown in the Gulf district. Large as is our acquaintance —
with the minute species, as the whole of it has been obtained by ransacking
the worm-eaten passages of a few Chame and Spondyli, and examining the
dirt on the backs of other shells, what may be expected when the shores and
sea-bed have been subjected to the minuté examination of a Barlee, an Alder,
or a Bean! In the British fauna, 1'70 out of 511 species are minute. It
might have been thought that degeneration of size was a condition of high
latitudes ; but wherever attention has heen paid, the tropical seas are found

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 357

as rich in the minuter forms of life as are those that wash colder shores, or
even more so. Till the time of D’Orbigny, no one in the tropics seemed to
deign to bend his attention to what the amateur collector did not value; but
Prof. Adams has already described many small species from Jamaica, and
80 from Panama, the latter simply by the examination of dead drift. In
these days of microscopic observation, most interesting results may be anti-
cipated if only dredgers will bring back labelled parcels of fine siftings from
deep waters; and ordinary collectors, sieved sand or mud from the shores.
If shells were packed in the sieved sand of the place; if they were always
sent home in the rough ; if those who decorticate their backs with acid, thus
destroying the minute microscopic sculpture which is often the best guide for
the discrimination of species, would only first brush them without acid, and
send the bottoms of the wash bowl to some microscopical malacologist, taking
care to wash only the shells from one spot at a time, and not to mix the dirt;
we should soon acquire a knowledge of molluscan distribution which would
advance the science by rapid strides. Here do not apply many of the
sources of error common to larger shells. Ballast can scarcely mix its
anomalous transportations with the Ceca, Vitrinelle and Chemnitzie in the
interior of an oyster; and the facts of distribution are as accurately seen in
these minuter forms as in the history of Cones and Olives. The remark
made by one of our very foremost naturalists, when it was first proposed to
investigate the Mazatlan shells, was that it was not likely that there should
be anything new among them; as the large shells would be all the same as
Mr. Cuming’s, and the small ones as those of Prof. Adams. And yet, com-
paring the 314: small species from Mazatlan with the 80 described from Pa-
nama, only 28 appear identical. The Cecum firmaium, which is the abun~
dant Panama form, is extremely rare at Mazatlan, where it is replaced by the
beautiful and still more abundant C. undatum, of which only one minute
specimen was perhaps found at Panama. Of the principal Panamic Vitrinedla,
only one individual was found at Mazatlan; where it is replaced by the shell
first termed V. clathrata, which turns out tv be the same of which an aberrant
variety was imperfectly named and described from Panama as V. parva.
And so in other instances, as in the larger shells ; Chemnitzie being always
rare in individuals, fruitful in species, with many of a wide range; Odostomie
not yet found at Panama; Chrysallida communis, a coast shell, and very
abundant in both districts, while the other species from deeper water are
rare and local; Bullide and small Marginelle, diffused; Rissoide, local ;
and so on in ways on which it would be pleasant but not safe yet to gene-
ralize. As the same large Spondylus which furnished the Mazatlan minutize
is also found in Panama Bay, where it is dived-for by the natives to burn
- for lime, with all its Parapholades, Gastrochene, Lithophagi and other rich
treasures, travellers in that region would do service to science by bringing
home a few valves, that it may be found how far the small nestlers correspond,
as the boring bivalves are known to do.

But even with regard to the large shells, the distribution of many species
is anything but satisfactorily made-out. The fauna of the Central American
seas has never been properly published. A variety of new species are de-
scribed from Messrs. Cuming’s and Hinds’ collections, but of the old shells
found in the same stations we are left in ignorance. The practice of describing
only new species from voyages, instead of giving complete lists of those found,
very unnecessarily retards our geographical knowledge. ‘The quotations
from Acapulco are like those from Dorsetshire or Guernsey in the old
British writers. What we yet know makes it far from improbable that while
one great type of shells extends at least from Guaymas to the Bay of Guaya-

358 REPORT—1856.

quil, each portion (the upper Gulf, the Gulf mouth, S. W. Mexico, Central
America proper, the Bay of Panama, the N. W. shores of South America, and
the Galapagos,) has its peculiar species, or at least those which culminate
in that locality. A large number, especially those which are also common
to the Galapagos, are found on the whole length of coast, wherever there is
a suitable station; while others, perhaps nearly related species, are very local.
Thus the beautiful Venus gnidia is found wherever there is 4 muddy bottom to
protect its delicate frills, (Hinds); while the V. amathusia, so near that by Gray
and even Deshayes it is regarded as identical, has only yet been found in a
typical state at Mazatlan, straggling and of modified form below. The Dione
lupinaria is in extreme profusion at Mazatlan, and also found far down the
coast of South America; but the D. brevispinosa, which resembles it with
blunted spines, has not yet coime to light except from the Gulf. But we
must check these comparisons, so interesting to those who have made them
a matter of study ; and which, if developed, even according to our present
knowledge, would fill a volume. Nor would a history of even the Atlantic
waters, furnish materials for one more interesting and instructive.

81. One fact however is deserving of special notice. On comparing the
shells of the Gulf and South America, we obtain the following ‘results ==
Out of 143 Gulf Bivalves, 50 are found in South America; or 1 out of 2°86:
Out of 490 Gulf Univalves, only 89 have been found in South Amiefiea, or
1 out of 5°5; while of the 151 Gulf Proboscideans, only 14 are yet known
from South America, or 1 out of 10°8. This may be accounted for partly by
the fact that the bivalves cast their spawn loose into the sea, while the wni-
valves, which have larger locomotive powers, generally affix their éggs to
shells and stones. (Gray.) Accordingly, the Lamellibranchiate fry are borne
on in the direction of the current; and are found far beyond what may fairly
be cotsidered the limits of the species. This further accounts for the absence
of some South American bivalves from Panama which are however found at
Mazatlan ; the fry, with the current, not sweeping into the bay, but landing
on the Mexican coast. It is confirmed by finding the young of many South
American species in the sand of Mazatlan, which are not known there in
the adult state. Only two bivalves are quoted from Mazatlan and the Gala-
pagos (one of these, Modiola capawx, a Gulf and Californian species, having
probably been added in error from Kellett’s voyage); that group being out
of the current which we may suppose to convey species from: Guayaquil to
the northern shores.

How far the Gulf species, or those of Panama; extend on the South American
coast, we are not yet able to state with any confidence. Most of Mr. Cuming’s
recorded Sottth American species are from Ecuador and Columbia; and
D’Orbigny’s collections are too scanty, especially in pelagie species, for much
comparison. It seems probable that but few reach Callao, and extremély
few the coasts of Chili. A few indeed are quoted as far south as the Island
of Chiloe, but (except in the widely distributed forms, such as Calyptreidé)
they teed confirmation; as do also the appearance of Crepidula nivea (Lés-
sonii) and Lyonsia picta, both southern forms; at Vancouver's Island.

82. A comparison with the shells of the Galapagos Islands offers points of
peciliar interest. They are known to us by the researches of Messrs: Cuming
and Darwin, the latter of whom has given a most graphic picture of their
peculiarities in his ‘ Journal of Researches,’ pp. 145, 162. Collections have
also been made there by Messrs. Kellett and Wood; but for reasons before
stated, less dependence should be placed on them. - Unfortunately; though

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 359

previous results have been tabulated, the materials have not been made
public. Mr. Cuming prepared a list of 90 sea shells for Mr. Darwin’s use,
but it has been mislaid; nor can Mr. Darwin furnish any additional infor-
mation, having unfortunately distributed his valuable collections before they
were geographically tabulated. The following list has been constructed from
one most kindly drawn out for this Report by Mr. Cuming, with as much
completeness as his extremely limited time allowed; with the addition of
species tabulated in the Monographs, and a few from the Pandora Voyage.
It is probable that some species have been overlooked from “ Hood’s Island,”
which appears both in the Galapagos group and in the central Pacific: both
of them are quoted in the Monographs as “ Lord Hood’s Island,” and they
are very rarely distinguished from each other.

List of Galapagos Shells.

In this table, stations in America are marked in columns to the left; 1. Mazatlan and
G. the Gulf; C. 4. Central America; P. Panama; and S. 4. South Atnerica ; while Pacific
stations are recorded to the right.

American Localities. | No. Species. Station. Pacific Localities.

a es a

Gastrochzena rugulosa, Sow.

1
2 brévis, Sow. ......00c888 | fedested deldeediccasceed Society Islands.
3 hyalina, Sow. iss:...s..5. In Avicule, 3-7 fm.
4 |Petricola amygdalina, Sow...

5 |Semele rupium, Sow. ............ reefs & rocks.

6

7

8

9

punctata, Sow.
Cardita varia, Brod: ...:........ fine sand, 6 fm.
incrassata.
Chama imbricata, Brod.......... Avicule, |. w.-7. |Pearl Island.
Janis, Rve:* s.srvisiieks on Avicule.
MM etiasial v3 Vave'nes 104 |Modiola capax, Conr. [?).
Sys i Se ae re 11 |Crenella coarctata, Dkr.

12 |Byssoarca truncata, Sow. .....: stones & Avicule. |\Society Islands.

S.A.} 13 {Pecten magnificus, Sow. ......... coral sand, 6-17 fm.
P.|......} 14 {Lima arcuata*:

15 jAnomia adamas, Gray ......... on Avicule.
oe ee re 16 |Bulla Quoyi, Gray.

17 rufolabris, 4. Ad.

a \Bulimus nux, Brod. ............ on bushes.

b verrucosus, Pfr.
c unifasciatus, Sow. ......... under lava.
d rugulosus, Sow.
e Eschariferus, Sow.
Sf |\—— Darwinii, Pfr.
g |—— Achatinellinus, Fordes.
h |\—— incrassatus, Pfr.
7 |—— ustulatus, Sow. .....6...... on lava.
k
m
n
0
p
qg
r
8
(i

—— calvus, Sow. .....cccseseeee dry grass.
—— Jacobi, Sow. .......0-.0505. under scoriz.
—— Chemnitzioides, Forbes.
corneus, Sow.
sculpturatus, Pfr.
— rugiferus, Sow. .......s006 under scoriz.
— nucula; Pfr.
Galapaganus, Pfr.
Manini, Pfr.

eS 8 pee eee eece) ob Lorene Pee Sandw.I.( Darwin).
?M./C.A.| P.|S.A.} 18 |Siphonaria gigas, Sow.
scutellum.

* Chama spinosa (M., C. A.) and Lima Pacifica (C. A., P., 8. A.), are also quoted from
‘Lord Hood’s Island,” and are probably Galapagian species.

360

American Localities. | No. Species. Station. Pacific Localities.
20 |Lophyrus Goodallii, Brod....... under stones, l. w.
21 sulcatus, G0’ ....caveanes under stones, l. w.
S.A.| 22 /?Chiton hirundiniformis, Sow...| under stones, 1. w.
MING LAG a Sen 23 |Acmea striata, Rve.
24 /|Fissurella mutabilis, Sow.
25 obsetra, Soto. :fcsvdesatte: under stones, shore.
1 Oe Peres Tee 26 |—— rugosa, Sow. ....scscseeeees under stones, l. w.
CUE. Sk) poe macrotrema, Sow. ......+.- under stones, shore.
CAG P. Se As 28 nigropunctata, Sow. ...... stones & rks. 4-t.—
MeyGrA: tise: 29 |Glyphis inzequalis (+-pica),Sow.| u. s., shore—-8 fm.
IB. leases 30 |Turbo squamigera, Rve.......... 7 fm.
31 |Nerita sp., Kellett & Wood.
S.A.| 32 \Cabyptyea varia, Brod... ..::.cossferdsceaswoneteess eee Society Islands.
Mh. PA Poh nan 33 |Hipponyx Grayanus, Mke....... on stones, 1. w.
Ee ee Aa! Pe eanaes 34 |Cerithium stercus-muscarum,..| sand pools, 3-t.
MM. ACCA Pa 35 maculosum, Kien. .......0 under stones, $-t.
Me hasties Pes. dene 36 interruptum, Mke.......... under stones, 3-t.
37 |Litorina porcata, Phil. ......... exposed rocks.
© Pad, Bike wancsciecde casein onese}acn css venatgeeeeeeeee Tahiti& V.Diemen’s
Land (Darwin).
: a ae 38 /|Planaxis planicostata, Sow....... u. S., $-t.—h. w.
S.A.] 39 |Luponia nigropunctata, Gray...| under stones.
Mi inctel ieeai seek 40 |Trivia pulla, Gash.
C.A.) ... |...08.] 41 |—— Pacifica, Gray ............ under stones.
ae |e ie Pe 42 (sanguinolenta, var.) fusca,
Gray.
Ral cs bs 43 suffusa, Gray.
Pa 44 rubescens, Gray... under stones.
45 Maugerie, Gray ......... under stones.
age 46 /Cancellaria chrysostoma, Sow. .| sand, 8-10 fm.
47 heemastoma, Sow. ....0.... sand, 10-16 fm.
M. |C.A.| P. |S. A.} 48 |Strombus granulatus, Swains.../sandy mud, 6-8 fm.
1 See 49 |Terebra ornata, Gray.........++. coral sand, 5-7 fm.
50 |Myurella frigata, Hinds.
B.i32: 51 |Drillia excentrica, Sow. ... -| coral sand, 6 fm.
A 52 Dicolor,, SG. <cccscnaae cede sand, 8 fm.
5a Fepifera, SOWs...«aaensie.ms coral sand, 6 fm.
54 |—— albicostata, Sow. ......... coral sand, 6 fm.
55 splendidula, Sow. ......... cora! sand; 6 fm.
ORE eens ea ee 56... Cones nux, Brod: ..<.s.<tiautkes ? shore, 1]. w.
P. |S. As} 57 brunneus, Wood.........00 clefts of rocks, |. w.
58 |—— tiaratus= minimus, Linn..| sand pools, ]. w.
59 varius = interruptus, Wood|clefts of rocks, 1. w.
60 |—— diadema, Sow. ............ clefts of rocks, l. w.
61 |—— Luzonicus, var. Sow....... clefts of rocks, 1. w.|Philippines.
62 |Stylifer astericola, Brod. ...... in Asterias solaris.
63 |Cirsotrema diadema*, Sow.
oR Se 64 |Natica maroccana, Chemn.......|.cccceccreees aves Sea “All over the warm]
” Cuming. |
UGC ee a 65 |Lunatia Galapagosa ( = otis, coral sand. {
Zool. Beech. Voy.).
M. AFAR Av. 66 |Oniscia tuberculosa, Sow. ...... clefts of rocks, 1. w.
67 xanthostoma, 4. dd.
68 (Cassis tenuis, Wood ............ sandy mud, 6 fm.
GIG, Act Ps ioc: 69 Coarctata, Sows ..sc..sckess crevices of rocks.
70 ‘|Triton reticulatus, Dillw.=tur- 6 fm. Quoted from Medi
riculatus, Desh.
71 Sowerbyi=lineatus,Brod.| sandy mud, 6 fm.
72 |—— pictus, Rve......cccceeeceeoe under stones, 1. w. 4
73 |—— clandestinus, Chemn. J

REPORT—1856.

* Closely resembles C, funiculata from Mazatlan and Panama; at first thought identical by
Mr. Cuming; differing simply in the size and obtuseness of the apical portion,

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 361

American Localities. | No. Species. Station. Pacific Localities.
2) Ae 74 |Lathyrus ceratus, Wood......... u. s. & rocks, l. w.
SS oe oe 75 tuberculatus, Brod. ...... under stones.
76 |—— varicosus, Rve. ...scsceeeee crevices of rocks.
77. +‘|Mitra muricata, Swains. .........; Sandy mud, 6 fm. |Marquesas.
78 prationa, Reels il ...iceseee coral sand, 7 fm.
79 + |—— gausapata, Rve. .....0..0... 10 fm.
BA. |essees P.|S.A.| 80 |Strigatella tristis, Swains. ......] 6-10 fms., sandy
mud: also u. s. 1. w.
i es eee 81 effusa, Swains...cec.scsseeee sandy mud, 12 fm.
S.A.| 82 |Olivella Kaleontina, Ducl.
Se ee 83 |Purpura patula, Lam. .......0600. shore.
Bie AGIs.) ..... 84 |—— columellaris, Zam.......... exposed rocks, 1. w.
BE Weseuint So ree 85 |—~— triangularis (= Carolensis,| under stones, 1. w.
Rve.), Blainv.
86 planospira, Lam. ...+004.. exposed rocks.
te SS 8 a 87 |Vitularia salebrosa, King.
88 |Monoceros grandis, Gray ...... crev. rocks, l. w.
i oe 89 |Engina carbonaria, Rve..........
gh eee 90 Reeviana= pulchrum, Rve.| under stones, 1. w.
ee bediien' 91 |—— pyrostoma, Sow......+. seeee| Under stones.
| oe 92 |—— maura, Sow. ...cec..seeeeee under stones.
es [rosese 93 crocostoma, Rve.
94 Bonnie, Ree. 2 chit ade under stones, 1. w.
Ba cave’ 95 |Columbella hemastoma, Sow...; under stones.
96 varians, Sow.
97 unicolor, Sow.

98 j?Buccinum biliratum, Rve.

99 pulchrum, Rve. [?=En-
gina Reeviana. |
oa 100 |Nassa nodifera, Pow. ...........+ coral sand, 6-10fm.
101 angulifera, 4. dd.
102 |—— nodocincta, 4. Ad.
a oe Oe 103 |Fusus Dupetithouarsi, Kien.
ay ee 104 |Anachis atramentaria, Sow...... under stones, |. w.
| ee 105 Nigricans, SOW. .......60.0 u.s., 3-t.—1. w.
106 rugulosa, Sow.
a) Pees 107 |Strombina bicanalifera, Sow. ...|sandy mud, 10 fms.
108 lanceolata, Sow. ........000 coral sand, 6-8 fm.
209: -\Pisania cimis, Bve... .:.dcco0s es.s-| under stones.
| —|—— |-—|——|110_ |Murex pumilus, Brod. ......... under stones. |-———~—-——_——
25 | 22 |38| 11 /111 |-—— nucleus, Brod. ............{ coral sand, 8 fms. 11 species.

This list (which is believed to be very accurate in all respects except
Modiola capax, which is not included in the analysis) contains 20 land
and freshwater shells, all of which are believed to be peculiar to the islands,
except a Helix found at Tahiti, and a small Paludina, common to Tahiti,
and Van Diemen’s Land (Darwin). Of the 90 marine shells analysed by
Darwin, 47 were not known elsewhere; 25 inhabited the West coast of
America, 8 being distinguishable as varieties; the remaining 18 having been
found by Mr. Cuming in the Low Archipelago, and some of them also at
the Philippines. Prof. Forbes, speaking of the Galapagos in the ‘Mem.
Geol. Soc. Gr. Br.’ vol. i. p. 402, note, says, “ We have distinct systems of
creatures related to those of the nearest land by representation or affinity,
and not by identity.” The latter word does not hold good of the sea shells;
for there are already known 111 species at the Galapagos, of which 55, or
nearly one half, are American shells; of these 25 inhabit the Gulf; 22
have already been taken in Central America; 38 are found at Panama; but
only 11 from the parallel latitudes in South America. Only 4 bivalves are

362 REPORT—1856.

quoted from the continent ; two [? ] from the Gulf; one from Panama; the
other (a distinct variety), from deep water, from Isle Plata. On glancing
over the genera with their stations, it will be found that the coast shells
common to the two are more numerous than those from deep water; and
that the general aspect of the collection is essentially American*. T he only
genus not yet found on the coast is Stylifer, which may indeed afterwards
receive species now placed in kindred genera, or be discovered on due search
of Echinodernis.

83. Scarcely any generic forms are peculiar to the West Coast Fauna; except
indeed Platyodon, Cryptodon and Mytilimeria, from California ; Leiosolenus,
from the Gulf; Callopoma and Teinostoma, from the Central Province, and
Concholepas from Peru. But many attain here their greatest development ;
especially Calyptreide, Fissurellide, Acmea, Uvanilla, Pomaulax, Cecum,
Chrysallida, Monoceros, Leucozonia, Cancellaria, Columbellide, Periploma,
Parapholas, Saxidomus, Trigona, &c. The familiar genera of the East are
often entirely absent ; especially the shell-bearing Cephalopods, Stomatellide,
Dolium, Melo, Eburna, Ancillaria, Rostellaria, Pterosceras, Phorus, Placuna,
Malleus, Tridacnide, Glauconome, Meroé, Anatina, Aspergillum, &ce. Others,
abundant in the Indo-Pacific province, are here barely represented by a few

species, or by minute or aberrant forms. Such are Marginella, Cithara, ©

Liotia, Rimula, Cypricardia, Clementia, Circe, Mesodesma, Crassatella,
Pythina and Seintilla; and the tribes of Casside, Harpide and Volutide.
The genera Conus, Oliva, Cyprea, Terebra, &c., the staple commodities of
the East, are here but poorly represented; no large Cowry living on the
coast except Cyprea exanthema, and uot a single species having ‘been yet
found in South America below the Bay of Guayaquil. ( Hinds.) The almost
entire absence of coral, so common in the West Indies and Polynesia, is to be
remembered in connexion with the paucity of those tribes that usually feed
on its banks.

84. The point, however, which may prove most interesting to the geologist
and the geographical student, is whether there be any species common to the
Pacific and the Atlantic shores of tropical America; and if so, what are they?
It is easy for man to cross the narrow isthmus ; have any Mollusks done the
same? The determination of this question is a matter of great difficulty ;
for while ordinary naturalists treat shells as of the same species, if there be
no greater variation between them than is known to be allowable between
individuals under the same name, it is the present custom with geographical
conchologists to treat all similar shells as “ analogues” or “ representative
species,” if they occur in unexpected places. In arranging the materials of
this Report, those species have been treated as absolutely identical,
where no difference obtained between the shells of different seas greater
than was observed between individuals in one sea. Thus when the supposed
peculiarities of the Pacific Purpura pansa, Gld., and Trochus picoides, Gld.
are found in West Indian specimens, it is regarded as a mere deference to
theory to keep them distinct. In other cases, where the shells of the two
coasts have a marked, difference of aspect, though not greater than may
obtaifi in the same species, if a separation has been made, it is temporarily
allowed, though it is more than probable that they will hereafter prove
identical. In other cases, the differences, though slight, appear permanent

and specific ; and in a fourth group they are simply “ interesting analogues,”

but would at once be pronounced distinct, although from the same shore.

* Dr. Gray statés [Dr. Richardson's Rep. Ichth. Chin. and Jap. 1846, p. 191, note] thatthe
reptiles which inhabit the Galapagos also belong to American groups.

:
|
4
'
7
:

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 363

Now even Prof. Adams allowed that one shell was common, viz. Crepi-
dula unguiformis* ; and Dr. Gould himself inserts Venus circinata and
Crepidula aculeata in his Mexican War Lists. We therefore naturally
argue, if one may be common, why not others also? Because we cannot see
how they should find their way to other seas, is only an argument drawn
from our ignorance. Prof. Forbes, on glancing over the list of the Reigen
Collection; allowed that there might be species in common; and in the
‘Quarterly Journal’ of the Geological Society will be found a paper by
Mr. Henniker, in which the author gives geological reasons for the pro-
bability of the intercommunication. As the level of the Atlantic is higher
than the Pacific, any such communication must have poured the treasures of
the Atlantic into the Pacific, and scarcely allowed of an exchange in the
other direction. Stch is found to be the case ; no species fairly belonging
to the exclusive Pacific fauna being found in the West Indies. Is it possible
that some such intercommunication may have been correlative with the
glacial conditions of the European seas? Some of the supposed Caribbean
shells in the Pacific appear to have migrated northwards; the Cyprea ea-
anthema being poor and small at Panama, where it is called C. cervinetta,
but large, fine and tolerably abundant at Mazatlan; the Strigilla carnaria
also, not even noticed as an analogue by Prof. Adams, appears blanched but
not uncommon at Mazatlan, and having crossed the ‘“‘ Cape Cod+” of the
western shores, assumes its normal condition on the Californian coast. The
ubiquitous Purpura patula, unknown at Panama, is extremely fine at the
Gulf. Other species, however, seem to be dying out; as Lucina tigerrina
and Mactra fragilis:

A. Species regarded as identical between the Pacific and Atlantic.

Pacific. West Indies. Pacific. West Indies.
1, Gastrochéena truncata ... sp.—BristolMus. | 20. Orthalicus zebra ......... undata.
2 OVAtM <siizerrr.s8i3i: sp.—BristolMus. | 21. Hipponyx antiquatus...... mitrula.
3. Petricola cognata ......... pholadiformis. | 22, Panamensis ......... subrufa.
4, Tellina simulans ......... punicea. 23. Crepidula hystrix ...... leat
5 PUESCENS z5s05..5333 operculata. CUMMUS 3 28e rset i ii:
6, —— vicina.............0655. bimaculata. 24. unguiformis ......... Goreensis.
7. Strigilla fucata ............ carnaria. 25. Crucibulum Cumingii ... sp.
8. -pisiformis, teste Phil. pisiformis. 26. Ovulum gibbosum, teste gibbosum.
9. Mactra fragilis ........:... fragilis. Cuming.
10. Dione Circinata (? + al- circinata. 27. Cyprea cervinetta......... exanthema.
ternata. 28. Torinia variegata ......... Tanne:
11. Lueifia tigerrina........:... tigerrina. 29. Leiostraca ?distorta ...... ? distorta.
12. Diplodonta semiaspera... semiaspera, teste | 30. Olivella zonalis ............ sp.
Phil. 31. Marginella cerulea prunum.
13. Modiola Braziliensis ...... Braziliensis. [not sapotilla].
14. Lithophagus aristatus ... caudigerus. 32. Nitidella guttata ......... cribraria.
15. cinnamomeus ....;. cinnamomeus. |33. Purpura pansa ............ patula.
16. Ated labiata ..............: labiata. 34. Anachis pygmea ........: costulata.
17. Isognomon flexuosum ... Chemnitzianum. | 35. Pisania ringens .........:.; sp.[ Pernambuéo,
18. Ostrea Virginica .......:. Virginia. Br. Mus. Per-
19. Placunanomia foliacea .:. foliacea. haps error. ].

It will be seen that more than half the marine shells are bivalves.

* It is generally said that this shell is only a variety of local types. Each local white shell
may take the form wnguiformis; but there remains a distinct type, known by the form of
the vertical whirls, which appears to be ubiquitous. It is not always recurved, and in its
natural state appears to be thie Patella Goréensis of Gmel.—Vide Plate.

+ This Cape separates the two faunas in Massachusetts: Cochlodesma, Montacuta, Cumingia,
Corbula, Tornatella, Vermetus, Columbella, Cerithium, Pyrula, Ranella, do not pass north-
wards; nor Panopea, Glycimeri is, Terebratula, Puncturella, Trichoiropis, Aporrhais, nor Admete
southwatds. Of 197 marine species, 83 do not pass to the south, and 50 are not found on the
north: 70 are found in Europe. (Gould, Rep. Inv, Mass.)

364 REPORT—1856.
B. Species which may prove to be identical.
Pacific. West Indies. Pacific. «+ West Indies.
1. Petricola robusta...... Choristodon typicum.| 18. Hipponyx Grayanus ...... ? Grayanus.
2. Solecurtus affinis ......... Caribbzeus. 19. Turritella tigrina ......... imbricata.
3. Corbula bicarinata......... Cubaniana. 20. Cerithium ? uncinatum .., uncinatum.
4, Tellina cognata ............ similis. 21. Modulus catenulatus...... Carchedonicus.
5. Donax rostratus............ rugosa, Cuttingin | 22. Giseulus...cccid;hsenen — (pars) D’ Orb.
Bristol Mus. 23. Trivia suffusa ..ccossscees ? suffusa.
G. Venus ? crenitera ......< . crenifera. 24, ? pediculus ...... ++» pediculus.
7. —— neglecta......seererees cancellata. [? imported].
8. Trigona radiata ............ mactroides. 25. Erato ? Maugeree ......+0- Maugere.
9. Gouldia Pacifica.........++. Crassatella Gua-|26. Lamellaria, sp. .........00 sp.
daloupensis. 27. Marginella minor ......... minima.
10. Chama frondosa (var. sp. 28. margaritula ......... ovuliformis.
Mexicana). 29, Oliva inconspicua ......... ? oryza.
11. Felania serricata............ LucinaCandeana. | 30 Meleheest cenccnnaaae sp.
12. Byssoarca mutabilis ...... Americana. 31. —— araneosa ........e00e reticulata.
13. ova ata sao cawwds ?Domingensis. | 32. Olivella p. aureotincta ... petiolita.
14. ISG. §), Sasahiuice ev daa ? fusca. 33, Purpura biserialis ......... Floridana.
15. Ianthina decollata......... prolongata. [ =P. undata, C. B.Ad.] [not P. undata,
16. Crucibulum umbrella... extinctorium. Lam. ].
17. Crepidula onyx .........<0. sp. 34, Pisania gemmata ......... tincta, Conr.

The Gasteropods have now gained a large majority.

C. Species really separated, but by slight differences.

Pacific. West Indies.
1. Lyonsia picta...........0006 plicata.
2. Capsa laevigata .........00 Braziliensis.
3. Mactra elegans .........c0. canaliculata.
4. Tapes histrionica ......... granulata.
5.Dione Chionza, var. ...... maculata.
6. Jupinaria (......000.s. dione.
7. Cyclina subquadrata ...... sp.
8. Gouldia varians ...... Crassatella, sp..D’ Orb.
9. Cardium consors ......... muricatum.
10. Lucina pectinata ......... pecten.
11. Byssoarca solida ......0+ sp.
12. Avicula sterna ......+0000 Atlantica.
13. Planorbis tumens ......... affinis.
14, Physa aurantia ............ Maugeree
15. JABAL 0s ce deques sinéeep sp.
16. Bulla Adamsi............00 striata
17. Ianthina striulata ......... fragilis.
18. Acmea fascicularis ...... Antillarum.
19. —— mitella ..,....eeceesee Sp...:
20. Fissurella virescens, var.. Barbadensis.
21. Phasianella compta ...... sp.

Pacific. West Indies.
22. Neritina picta...<..casdeerss virginea.
23. Crepidula excavata ...... porcellana.
24. Hipponyx serratus......... sp.
25. Turritella goniostoma ... meta.
26. Cerithidea varicosa ...... Lavalleana.
27. Rissoina Woodwardi ...... Catesbyana (St.
Thomas).
28. Alaba supralirata ......... tervaricosa.
29. Trivia subrostrata ......... sp.
30. Ovulum variabile ......... subrostrata.
31. Strombus gracilior......... pugilis.
32. Terebra luctuosa .....000e cinerea.
33. Drillia incrassata ...... ++. Sp. (?alabastra, or
34 QEERTIMIR — <ncevssansae sp. [?gibbosa).
35. Crysallida communis...... cancellatus.
36. Cerithiopsis assimilata ... terebella.

. Lathyrus tuberculatus ... Knorrii.

. Olivella tergina ........0. .- conoidalis.
. Purpura biserialis ........ . deltoidea.
. Pyrula patula..........siaes melongena.
. Murex recurvirostris ...... messorius.

The Gasteropods maintain their majority.

D. Analogous but quite distinct species.

Pacific. West Indies.
1. Tellidora Burneti ......... sp.
2. Mactra exoleta ..........0. carinata.
3. Venus amathusia ......... dysera.
4, Anomalocardia subrugosa flexuosa.
5. Cardium elatum............ serratum.
6. SSTEPSUME . a cdcassanene ballatum.
7. Chiton sanguineus, Rve... sanguineus, Cutt.
8. Glyphis microtrema ...... sp.
9. Nerita Bernhardi ......... tessellata.
10. Petaloconchus macro- hy iavic
PHTAGMA ......cscceseee
11. Litorina Philippii ......... ziczac
12. Strombus Peruvianus ... gigas.

13. Conus purpurascens +... achatinus.

Pacific. West Indies.
14. Odostomia vallata......... sp.
15. Parthenia armata .......0. gemmulosa.
16. Chemnitziz, sp........c000 sp.
17. Polynices uber ......e0eee. lactea
18. Ficula decussata..........+ gracilis.
19. Mitra nucieola ........... granulosa.
20. Cassis abbreviata ......... inflata.
21. Coarctata .....60. .... testiculus.
22. Oniscia tuberculosa ...... oniscus
23. Triton vestitus ...... éooeee Pilearis.
24. Nassa versicolor....... seeee ambigua.

. Anachis costellata ......... terpsichore.
26. Murex erosuS....sssrseeveee intermedius. —
&e. &e.

ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 365

It is probable that these lists will hereafter be greatly extended. The
shells will be moved from one head to another, according to opinion and
opportunities of judgment. Unfortunately, although the West Indian shells
were anong the first examined, they are to this day very little better known
than by the Lamarckian conchologists. Most of the shells in collections are
dead and worn, and the dredge has been but little used, especially in the
great and doubtless prolific Gulf of Mexico*. At present our best sources
of information are—(1.) The Sagra collection from Cuba (mostly poor
shells), kept distinct in the British Museum. (2.) The St. Vincent collec-
tions of the late Rev. L. Guilding, scattered in the general collections of
the British Museum. (3.) The very fine Barbadoes collections of Dr.
Cutting in the Bristol Museum. (4.) Prof. Adams’ sea-shells from Ja-
maica, which have not yet been fully tabulated, though several are de-
scribed in the ‘ Contributions to Conchology.’ Others also appear scattered
in the ‘ Zeitschrift fiir Malacozoologie,’ and other works. The Pacific shells
having been so little known to the earlier writters, when there are analogous
species, it is fair to suppose that the West Indian forms are intended. This
is another reason for their careful study.

85. But the analogies of the Mazatlan shells extend further than the
Caribbzan waters. Not merely some West Indian species, as Nitidella cri-
braria, found also in the Pacific, have made their way to the east shores of
the Atlantic; but several Mazatlan forms, not yet quoted from the West
Indian islands, unexpectedly reappear on the Senegambian and Guinea coast,
as though they loved western shores.

Species 2?common to the West (Pacific) American shores and Africa.
W. 4.=West Africa. S.4.=South Africa. #..4d.=East Africa (Capt. Owen, B.M.).

West America. Africa.
MIC AVA ALCUICA. ccandacaeda’ cdraseccdencaes arctica, S. A.
2. Kellia suborbicularis .........cecceeees 1» SUborbicularis, W. A.
3. Isognomon Chemnitzianum ............ Chemnitzianum, W. A.
4. Lithophagus aristatus............sceceeees caudigerus, W. A.
SPEECH TNTUCECEDIS. «J... cessceccecccsusasoces spathulata, W. A.t
6. conchaphila ........ fs aA etc conchaphila, W. A.
7. Placunanomia pernoides............+0000 pernoides, W. A.
8. Crepidula unguiformis .............s.00 Goreensis, W. A.
9. BEUICAEA, caeviiees'te evedeaiawend alais aculeata, S. A.
10. Hipponyx antiquatus ......... igh chiondas » antiquatus, W. A.
EEIDRIVIA VATIANS| oo cccsicccenndccsesscess varians, S, A.
12. Natica maroccana (Pritchardi) ......... maroccana, W. A.§
13. Marginella cerulescens ........ Tere prunum, W. A.
Peitadella cuttata, voois..censsccssesasvaceed cribraria, W. A.
Pe PTEA, DANEA . 0 cscs cecvvoacoacscnsiersssdven patula, W. A.

* If the “Central American difficulty”? should ever draw our Transatlantic brethren,
Messrs. Rich, Jewett and Green, to the Caribbean seas, it is hoped that they will explore
them well; an occupation surely more worthy of a philosopher than killing his brothers; and
a, “ difficulty’ requiring solution quite as much as the ownership of the Mosquito territory.

tT It is believed that Petricola robusta was found in the African oysters; but this only
rests on circumstantial evidence: v. B.M. Mazatlan Cat. p. 19.

{ The solitary young specimen of this characteristic species in the Reigen collection, was
taken from the debris of a Spondylus, which is a sea (not shore) shell.

§ Having very carefully compared large numbers of the West American shells (Pritchardi,
Forbes) with a fine series from Gambia, sent by Chief Justice Rankin to the Bristol Museum,
I cannot but regard them as identical, both as to shell, operculum, and similarity of variations.
The shells called unifasciata may or may not belong to this species: several unquestionably do,

a
és

366 REPORT—1856. a5

The following species might be divided into groups answering to B, C, and 4

D of the West Indian parallels. Tash
1. Disoina Oumingti. ..005 600.2... RGIS: striata, W. A. q0'4
2. Pholadidea melanura ..,..........s0: se.» Clausa, W.A. eo
3. Parapholas acuminata.............sseeeees branchiata, W. A. i
G., el re STB SCRBS hg oot incre} ipteed Manat perna, Spl. (Madagascar.)

Bs Iphneenia Leviegtn, o.ccs dsespspickit- Sear sp., W. A. (Bristol Mus.)
TL A TICQDA, WE. HIBGRT (fd. «spy sso sxacanase tripla, W. A. or
ve relent ae yonae s soe as nase ase act tge ? bicolor, W. A.
8. Diplodonta semiaspera .............0.006 circularis, W. A.
9. Pectunculus multicostatus ............4.. imeequalis (Krauss not Reeve), 8. A.
Tit Aves mramdis 020.06 0. RO.. GUS senilis, W. A
11. Gadinia pentigoniostoma ............... afra, W. and 8. A.
12, Grepidula @nyKF )...jrsiiavesdane--Gsseate-t hepatica, Krauss.
13, Cerithium maculosum.......,.....seseeee adustum (? Red Sea).
14, SLGFEUS-MUSCATUI: «o> <c0p0>densen eels ocellatum, E. A.
De Perera BP a 2 ace eens oan aa ecne due 025 interstincta, W. A.
ES BG 1 a ee sp., EH. A,
a7. PEMUREA Neate cee ts cores es ean vac tes ?Cosentini. (Mediterranean, &c.)
1G. Brasonia testaces’)-......:..000+.tleeveees hiatula + Steeriz, W. A.
DROS CT EOMS oni isin taco ennd ates rosea, W. A.
20.: Vitularia salebrosa- .0...s000.casessssceedec vitulina, W. A.
91, Purpura: biserialis: sississi- seyasdi-sdsteeee hemastoma, W. A.

The comparative preponderance of bivalves in these lists is still apparent.

86. The Kelha suborbicularis, Lasea rubra, Saxicava arctica, and Hydro-
bia ulve, of the Gulf, even belong to the British fauna. The DioneChionea is
so like the D. Chione of our southern shores, that Mr. Sowerby at first united
them, quoting under Cytherea Chione, “Mr. Cuming’s specimens are from
Mazatlan,” while the dull 8. Pacific specimens were described as C, sqgualida,
and the banded ones of the same species (by Dr. Gray) as C, biradiata..
The Cecum glabrum of the British, and C. glabriforme of the Mazatlan seas
are almost indistinguishable. ‘The same may be said of the form Letostraca
distorta. The Cerithiopsis tubercularis and C. tuberculoides are most closely
allied ; as are also Byssoarca mutabilis and tetragona, B. solida and lactea,
Tellina donacina and donacilla, Modiola modiolus and capax, Thracia
sqguamosa and villosiuscula, Acmea mesoleuca and testudinalis, Galerus
mammillaris and Sinensis, Lanthina striulata and communis, J. prolongata
and pallida, Jeffreysia bifasciata and opalina, and Nassa erebristriata
and reticulata. The Gouldia varians may compare with Astarte triangu-
laris and Tornatina infrequens with Cylichna mammillata. The reappear-
ance of the rare genera /Vontacuta, Lepton, and Barleia, is also worthy of

notice.

87. Besides these analogies with the Atlantic shells, there are a few
singular exceptions to the general dissimilarity with the Asiatic and Indo-
Pacific faunas. Thus we have the Japanese Cytherea petichialis reappearing
at Mazatlan ; and assa acuta most closely resembling an Australian species
in Mr. Cuming’s collection. The Oliva Duclosi is quoted from the Pacifie
islands; as are also the ubiquitous Natica maroceana and Nitidella cribraria,
the pelagic Lanthina striulata, the sedentary Hipponices barbatus and
Grayanus ; and a few other species, concerning which there is a fair chance
of inaccuracy, especially in shells from “ Lord Hood's Island,”

88. Of the land and freshwater shells little is yet known except those
brought from Oregon, ‘These are of a different type from those of the

* Dr. Dunker also quotes Cr. Peruviana=dilatata from the Guinea coast, His solitary y
specimen may be from ballast; but it has been plentifully received as from Mauritius,

ON MOLLUSOCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 367

Atlantie states, and haye more the general appearance of old world forms.
The few known from Mazatlan are essentially tropical in type, and differ from
those found on the east of the Rocky Mountains.

89. The Bryozoa are included in this Report, because it appears univer-
sally acknowledged that they have more in common with the lower Tunicata
and the Molluscan type in general, than with the Radiata. What few are
known have been described by Mr. G. Busk, who regards one species as
identical with a British form, another with a specimen dredged by Mr. Darwin,
from 96 fms. in Chiloé, a third with a tertiary fossil from Vienna, and the
rest as new.

90. Of the Pteropods nothing is known; of the naked Gasteropods only a
few forms from Sitcha and Oregon; of the Palliobranchiata scarcely any ;
and of the Cephalopods only two, not characterized, from the Behring Sea.

91. It would be extremely interesting, after comparing the West Ameri-
can shells with other existing faunas, to carry our researches back in time,
and compare them with the fossils known to occur on the same coasts. For
such inquiries, however, there exist scarcely any materials. All that we know
is a little concerning the fossils of Oregon in the tenth volume of the ‘ U.S.
Exploring Expedition,’ Geology, by Jas. D. Dana. In Appendix I. p. 723,
the following fossil shells from the sandstone of Astoria are described.

Astorian fossils.
Teredo substriata,Conr.[=Dentalium*.| | Arca devincta, Conr.

Mya abrupta, Conr. [? Panopea. | 5 8p.
Thracia trapezoides, Conr. Pecten propatulus, Conr. [B.M. |
Solemya ventricosa, Conr. Terebratula nitens, Cony.
Tellina arctata, Conr. Bulla petrosa, Cony.
emacerata, Conr. Crepidula prorupta, Conr.
albaria, Conr. » Sp.
—— nasuta, Conr. Turritella, sp.
—— bitruncata, Conr. Cerithium mediale, Conr.
?Donaz pretexta,Conr.[?cast of Solemya.| | ? Rostellaria indurata, Conr. [resembles
Venus bisecta, Cony. Strombus vittatus. |
angustifrons, Conr. Sigaretus scopulosus, Cony. [? Naticina. |
lamellifera, Conr. Natica saxea, Conr.
brevilineata, Conr. ? Dolium petrosum, Conr.
Lucina acutilineata, Cony. 2 Buccinum devinctum, Conr.
Cardita subtenta, Conr. Fusus geniculus, Cour.
Nucula divaricata, Conr. corpulentus, Conr.
impressa, Cony. { Leda. | Nautilus angustatus, Conr. [?=N.
Pectunculus patulus, Cony. zigzag. |

nitens, Conr. [resembles Limopsis.]
The “ Dolium ” is interesting from its close resemblance to the anomalous
Argobuccinum nodosum= Cassidaria setosa, Hinds.

Of the tertiary fossils of the United States, while many Atlantic species
occur, none have been noticed exclusively Pacific. There are some few
which are found in both oceans ; and a Vermetus, among Mr. Nuttall’s Clai-
borne fossils, closely approaches V. eburneus, while it differs from the West
Indian forms. These fragments of information are all that are yet accessible.

92. The object of this Report has been so to condense and arrange the
existing materials that those who consult it may know what has been done,
and may have the means of deciding on the value to be attached to different
sources of information. Thus they may be enabled to begin where the writer

* The notes in [ ] are added by Mr. S. P. Woodward, who kindly furnished the above list,

368 : REPORT—1856.

leaves off, and not spend precious time in working out afresh what has already
been ascertained*. He has stated his opinions with some freedom; because
it was thought that an expression of the difficulties encountered in the prosecu-
tion of the subject and of their causes, might (1) put other students on their
guard, and (2) contribute somewhat towards their removal. They will be re-
ceived simply as the judgments of a learner who came fresh to the subject,
without previous acquaintance with books and naturalists. His object has
been, not himself to build, but to clear away some of the encumbrances, lay
part of the foundations, and collect a few of the materials, ready for the great
architects of science to erect the beautiful edifice of harmonious knowledge.
The first scientific explorer of these regions, the venerable Baron Humboldt,
still lives to enjoy the earthly rest after his labours: but the early death of so
many whose names have been quoted, of Eschscholtz, of Hinds, of Souleyet,
of Reigen, of Adams, and of Forbes, urges us to “work while it is day”; that
we may prepare for that state where ignorance shall have passed away, and
where “ we shall know even as also we are known.”

* The Plates appended to this Report, at the recommendation of the Committee, are intended
to illustrate some of the principal variations observed in individuals of the same species,
especially when the forms have been described as different species, or represent the characters
of different (so called) subgenera. They are to be regarded as portraits, not photographs of
the Mazatlan shells in the British Museum Collection.

Warrington, Aug. 8th, 1856.

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