Oey y U # ‘ { a . 1 { ~ ‘ v a * AE Psi Ps PLATE 1 REPORT OF THE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WnNaSnNW IWNOILVYN SALVLS GSALINN ‘ONIGTIING AYOLSIH TWYNLVYN AO MAIA LNOYS SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM REPORT ON THE PROGRESS AND CON- DITION OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM FOR THE YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1929 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1929 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. - - = - - = = Price 25 cents BOLE SETI HALMOCHT Eh ai MUGGUM IAMORTAM ear Are Catt eer W ce 1a 4 , ty Ee ae ty ihe Sy - i ? oe < : iy ‘ i! { \ 7 k AY y ‘ a chy z A, eh ery ‘ ‘et 7 Mcdidud | | ariata aariia: Pan’ i) ae aon'tto Des THN 1 smn 100 Untrep States Nationa Museum, | Unper DIrecTIoN OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, Washington, D. C., October 15, 1929. Sim: I have the honor to submit herewith a report upon the present condition of the United States National Museum and upon the work accomplished in its various departments during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1929. Very respectfully, ALEXANDER WETMORE, Assistant Secretary. Dr. Cuartes G. ABBor, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. Tit het Momma Baroni wilt 26 Korres AOL BL ashi OU rotwa hea! e teroeeto od noe Soon oe dlivested diana of somone tow ddd nord Gee ain leony) ee baalee boknounss leat oly anioih alnanregeh avohiuw alge aoe TT wade moni. Ayeasonand. nptegee dy." : iron A, A) Ne SOSae se IRRNRNNY NOAM Nee vAPeG sua sp A HAH) TABLE OF CONTENTS } Page eer OE MEM V EU SEIT) eye) Waa me Nias UMN me Ne el VII LP "Supe Na na a ng MSS A a i a SN 1 Dre EMO MEO RUE VERANO Sci ye hea anole ea ca ue au gms WUD MUM Ui 3 JENS OY OHO DUET EIU OSH AAI NGA NAA CN USN Ue US RA Se I 3 CE SAE OA TA 9 aT SS A ST eA 8 Reorganization of the military exhibits__._.____..._____._________-- 9 TEER UOTE ATCGH aNera aS NG BLE) Vo Wa 20 el Sua Aa Na SUR RU GSR RRP a 11 EG er BMH ORT eT ea lope Mus LNG PUA SANA aR a ISU NH SM 16 RUPE TL GRR reer raise Laas Pa LUD Lee tors SOU yee aM Sahl 21 JECTS M CFO VSPA REO a ry aI EA A EU NS TARR MASS 24 1 ofl] STEEN gst eh Rel al RZ Dalit AA a a, NR NR 24 EG ATOMIC Ha OTA COT Vis yee a lech aa aaa A as In BURRS 27 icMnes andy eq UipMeni be ola a A eh 27 Micetines! and) TeCep tions ee eee ee Uy ee a 31 Whanges in organization and stats uo) Teo oe ees 37 Detailed reports on the collections. _______.__---_-__-_-_-------_--_-- 43 Department of anthropology, by Walter Hough, head curator. __-_- 43 Department of biology, by Leonhard Stejneger, head curator____--_- 55 Department of geology, by George P. Merrill, head curator__.____- 89 Department of arts and industries, and division of history, by William deC. Ravenel, director of arts and industries__...__._..__-____-- 99 PRISE AGU RECESSIONS: CUM ON a WOE MERI As MOR SSAA UA RON 127 List of publications issued by the United States National Museum_ ----- 177 List of papers based wholly or in part on the national collections______-- 183 We Ge Re node aaa ein on Oe Sine aie TO HONS | “ATHOO TO AAT ie - “ - Sa see dae ey te ew a oe 7 hte oh ~ ht ok hay i“ i ee ee ~ fj a ~ ot! ps, mee ba ee ae tas ody se FLA i ye j boa) ‘ i : i did. Vj cavities els Tot Re RR eB UMP aR ANSE TEO RES MIIMEL PEAR oT rage er mn al fe Ha SB ROE nu ASO ORAL SAN Pea RIMINI) UI 0 a ORY Bite ep Neely CECA EE OM RANIAE PARAL tke ah AMEN UL COM TRS et ask id ala a ea a A Blk PE Ne Sk ni A lon A re la ak ER hictse Pissed whe te 4b Ale sae lt hn in ln oy oy CRIN AE no Ciaientdl Leah ‘Guat ieee iota’ vd caitedordbaae ® + yan ML topo opened bradsood md Seed a roti bead Livre, DL apy) ye ROS steht it ‘tel. Crodaldl to ooleivis bak wok Sasiteeh Bites ce . Biba oes on Ducat nalts al betotvie bate ue rate ad; Wee ty Ae ee Ae ae 1 1 er A da Ga , aunadudt lnvolial maas® Kotialy add +a hasaal sian ce cendhtyalion ladon lt me duke ok ay riko ¥ STAFF OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM [June 30, 1929] CuHartes G. Apszor, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, keeper eg officio. ALEXANDER WETMORE, Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution, in charge United States National Museum. WILLIAM DEC. RAvVENEL, Administrative Assistant to the Secretary. SCIENTIFIC STAFF DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY : Walter Hough, head curator. Division of Ethnology: Walter Hough, curator; H. W. Krieger, curator ; H. B. Collins, jr., assistant curator; J. W. Fewkes, collaborator; Arthur P. Rice, collaborator; Isobel H. Lenman, collaborator. Section of Musical Instruments: Hugo Worch, custodian. Section of Ceramics: Samuel W. Woodhouse, collaborator. Division of Archeology: Neil M. Judd, curator; R. B. Paine, aide. Division of Physical Anthropology: AleS Hrdlitka, curator; Thomas D. Stewart, aide. Collaborator in anthropology: George Grant MacCurdy. Associate in historic archeology: Cyrus Adler. DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY : Leonhard Stejneger, head curator; James BH. Benedict, assistant curator; W. L. Brown, chief taxidermist. Division of Mammals: Gerrit S. Miller, jr., curator; Remington Kellogg, assistant curator; A. J. Poole, scientific aide; A. Brazier Howell, collabo- rator. Division of Birds: Charles W. Richmond, associate curator; J. H. Riley, assistant curator; Alexander Wetmore, custodian of alcoholic and skeleton collections; Edward J. Brown, collaborator ; Casey A. Wood, collaborator ; Arthur C. Bent, collaborator. Division of Reptiles and Batrachians: Leonhard Stejneger, curator; Doris M. Cochran, assistant curator. Division of Fishes: Barton A. Bean, assistant curator; E. D. Reid, aide. Division of Insects: L. O. Howard, honorary curator; J. M. Aldrich, asso- ciate curator; Wiiliam Schaus, honorary assistant curator; B. Preston Clark, collaborator. Section of Hymenoptera: S. A. Rohwer, custodian; W. M. Mann, assist- ant custodian ; Robert A. Cushman, assistant custodian. Section of Myriapoda: O. F. Cook, custodian. Section of Diptera: J. M. Aldrich, in charge; Charles T. Greene, assistant custodian. Section of Coleoptera: L. L. Buchanan, specialist for Casey collection of coleoptera. Section of Lepidoptera: J. T. Barnes, collaborator. Section of Orthoptera: A. N. Caudell, custodian, Section of Hemiptera: W. L. McAtee, acting custodian. Section of Forest Tree Beetles: A. D. Hopkins, custodian. VIII REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 DEPARTMENT OF BroLoagy—Continued. Division of Marine Invertebrates: Waldo Ll. Schmitt, curator; C. R. Shoe maker, assistant curator; James O. Maloney, aide; Mrs. Harriet Richard- son Searle, collaborator; Max M. Hllis, collaborator; William H. Longley, collaborator;. Maynard M. Metcalf, collaborator; Joseph A. Cushman, collaborator in Foraminifera. Division of Mollusks: Paul Bartsch, curator; William B. Marshall, assist- ant curator; Mary Breen, collaborator. Section of Helminthological Collections: C. W. Stiles, custodian; M. C. Hall, assistant custodian. Division of Hchinoderms: Austin H. Clark, curator. Division of Plants (National Herbarium): Frederick VY. Coville, honorary - curator; W. R. Maxon, associate curator; Ellsworth P. Killip, associate curator; Hmery C. Leonard, assistant curator; Conrad V. Morton, aide; Hgbert H. Walker, aide; Aibert C. Smith, collaborator; John A. Steven- son, custodian of C. G. Lloyd Mycological Collection. Section of Grasses: Albert S. Hitchcock, custodian. ‘Section of Cryptogamic Collections: O. F. Cook, assistant curator. Section of Higher Algae: W. T. Swingle, custodian. Section of Lower Fungi: D. G. Fairchild, custodian. Section of Diatoms: Albert Mann, custodian. Associates in Zoology: C. Hart Merriam, W. L. Abbott, Mary J. Rathbun, David Starr Jordan. Associate Curator in Zoology: Hugh M. Smith. Associate in Marine Sediments: T. Wayland Vaughan. Collaborator in Zoology: Robert Sterling Clark. DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY : George P. Merrill, head curator; Margaret W. Moodey, aide. Division of Physical and Chemical Geology (systematic and applied) : Division of Mineralogy and Petrology: F. W. Clarke, honorary curator ; George P. Merrill, curator. W. F. Foshag, assistant curator; Frank L. Hess, custodian of rare metals and rare earths. Division of Stratigraphic Paleontology: R. S. Bassler, curator; Charles BH. Resser, associate curator; Jessie G. Beach, aide. Section of Invertebrate Paleontology: T. W. Stanton, custodian of Mesozoic collection; Paul Bartsch, curator of Cenozoic collection. Section of Paleobotany: David White, associate curator. Division of Vertebrate Paleontology: Charles W. Gilmore, curator; James W. Gidley, assistant curator of mammalian fossils. Associate in Mineralogy: W. T. Schaller. Associate in Paleontology: E. O. Ulrich. Associate -in Petrology: Whitman Cross. DEPARTMENT OF ARTS AND INDUSTRIES, AND DIVISION oF HISTORY: © William deC. Ravenel, director. Divisions of Mineral and Mechanical Technology: Carl W. Mitman, curator ; Paul HE. Garber, assistant curator; F. A. Taylor, assistant curator; Ches- ter G. Gilbert, honorary curator of mineral technology. Division of Textiles: Frederick L. Lewton, curator; Mrs. EK. W. Rosson, aide. Section of Wood Technology: William N. Watkins, assistant curator. Section of Organic Chemistry: Aida M. Doyle, aide. . Division of Medicine: Charles Whitebread, assistant curator. REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 IX DEPARTMENT OF ABTS AND INDUSTRIES, AND DIVISION ofr History—Continued. Division of Graphic Arts: R. P. Tolman, assistant curator. Section of Photography: A. J. Olmsted, custodian. Loeb Collection of Chemical Types: O. H. Roberts, jr., curator. Division of History: T. T. Belote, curator; Charles Carey, assistant curator ; Mrs. C. L. Manning, philatelist. ADMINISTRATIVE STARE Chief of correspondence and documents, H. S. Bryant. Superintendent of buildings and labor, J. S. Goldsmith. Editor, Marcus Benjamin. Hngineer, C. R. Denmark. Disbursing agent, N. W. Dorsey. Photographer, A. J. Olmsted. Property clerk, W. A. Knowles. Assistant librarian, Isabel L. Towner. ey i a Mh ahi Pea Yb ae aN CC ba seenblehas Ee MERLE i NL OORT Usa dct couch hh Di ois bie UCR OR Se AE gent EE USE SO esa: Hank tal'> soe tNHN PO Tinn Gy nie Hi) lied solv 7 each PAO OME DAR * OM ye ibe Uy { Ha ide age Vie wre NS PATNR TAIN ; it fi wii vaaienade ni ook CoN " 2: 4 nia if onan nue ‘h es, ta cine H i , alt ‘ ’ é ‘ f j ok 1 he f f vik yo eed , ity f ‘ ¥ P ary * T ti at ) ; ‘ 7 ’ P r ut AR A a Ay hy u y Det) ) Fr aM ; ' ne: Whdaoy 7 Raa y iN Ra vag ‘Wi h a Ae Gaal WeeAes Yi ; i i anes os (Meee eke MAU ee 0) 1 i) epee Wasa ure Yai Nea ee eM aid Me eB ach ge ean Re q ‘ os " * 4 y RTRs Hn A TERR Ve eR) pantie ay Bs SRS De ee ee a - hi : Wy f ou % ae ee et ; y fasted US Fs] \ - 1 aR igs } Sap hyp), fo, , 4 ‘ ET ALT a? J r eal EN Ai TO Miia eo Came MU ‘ WAL Tinay, al ness Naas Rs) x Rein viii RAN Sit ys eae pa hs am, iat We ; te i 5 a aa PUN Tt a Ra OER v his REPORT OF THE PROGRESS AND CONDITION OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM FOR THE YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1929 By ALEXANDER WETMORE Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution FOREWORD The Congress of the United States in the act of August 10, 1846, founding the Smithsonian Institution, recognized that an oppor- tunity was afforded, in carrying out the design of Smithson for the increase and diffusion of knowledge, to provide for the custody of the Museum of the Nation. To this new establishment was, there- fore, intrusted the care and development of the national collections. At first the cost of maintaining this activity was paid from the Smithsonian income; then for a time the Government bore a share; but since 1877 Congress has provided for the expenses of the Museum. The museum idea was fundamental in the organic act establishing the Smithsonian Institution, which was based upon a 12-year discussion in Congress and the advice of the most distinguished scientific men, educators, and intellectual leaders of the Nation during the years 1834 to 1846. It is interesting to note how broad and comprehensive were the views which actuated the Congress in determining the scope of the Museum, a fact especially remarkable when it is recalled that at that date no museum of considerable size existed in the United States, and the museums of England and of the continent of Europe, although containing many rich collec- tions, were still to a large extent without a developed plan. The Congress which passed the act of foundation enumerated as within the scope of the Museum “all objects of art and of foreign and curious research and all objects of natural history, plants, and geological and mineralogical specimens belonging to the United States,” thus indicating the Museum at the very outset as the Museum of the United States and as one of the widest range in its activities. It was appreciated that additions would be necessary to the collection then in existence, and provision was made for their increase by the exchange of duplicate specimens, by donations, and’ by other means. The maintenance of the Museum was long ago assumed by Con- gress, the Smithsonian Institution taking upon itself only so much of the necessary responsibility for its administration as is required’ BL 2 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 to coordinate it with its other activities. The Museum as a part of the Smithsonian is an integral part of a broad organization for increase and diffusion of knowledge, for scientific research, for cooperation with departments of the Government, with universities and scientific societies in America, and with all Bignece institutions and men abroad who seek pe ene of views with men of science in the United States. Since 1846 the only material changes in the scope of the National Museum have been (1) the addition of a department of American history, intended to illustrate, by an appropriate assemblage of ob- jects, important events, the domestic life of the country from the colonial period to the present time, and the lives of distinguished personages, and (2) provision, in 1920, for the separate administra- tion of the National Gallery of Art as a coordinate unit under the Smithsonian Institution. From 1906 to 1920 the gallery was admin- istered as the department of fine arts of the Museum. The development of the Museum has been greatest in those sub- jects which the conditions of the past three-quarters of a century have made most fruitful—the natural history, geology, ethnology, and archeology of the United States, which have been supplemented. extensively by collections from other countries of the world. Op- portunities for acquisition in these various directions in the first years of the institution were mainly brought about through the activities of the scientific and economic surveys of the Government, many of which have been the direct outgrowths of earlier explorations stimu- lated or directed by the Smithsonian Institution. Additions from these sources still continue in large volume. As supplemental to them an increasing number of persons interested in science make annual additions to our collections either directly or through financial sup- port of expeditions by members of the staff. The increment of material from these contributions increases annually and is greatly appreciated. Such outside aid brings material that is of the greatest importance and that often could be obtained in no other way. The Centennial Exhibition of 1876 afforded opportunity for estab- lishing a department of industrial arts, which has received great impetus recently through the coamerabtotl of industrial firms and associations, particularly in the assembling of material illustrative of hictonieal development in various lines. The historical series has been greatly augmented since 1918 by large collections illustrative of the World War, and also by extensive additions to exhibits in aircraft and kindred subjects that have been received during this period. Public interest in the growth and development of the National Museum is reflected by the steady increase of recorded attendance, in correspondents, and in requests for information. OPERATIONS OF THE YEAR APPROPRIATIONS Provision for the maintenance of the National Museum for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1929, was made in the regular items of appropriation carried in the executive and independent offices act approved May 16, 1928, and in special items carried in the second deficiency act for the fiscal year 1929, approved May 4, 1929, as follows: Preservation of collections______--____________________- $559, 304 REN GUE Van Cotpxt UES eRe eek ea a 30, 800 PV e HUTA SUING VS TNE Me rere Ne AD NUS AEE) AN 90, 160 BUNGiINe Ure palrSLecse SLE Sees ena ae Ned Meee EEE! 18, 810 T BOYD) ES a TS WS A See NR De al are Ta PR AY Dy ER 2, 000 TEL STEETSY A I es SU ILE BS NU OST ANCONA, EL NE AES 450 PEe Tein Gober AAT GUN PTD LTA SA Os i 46, 500 748, 024 Provision for safeguarding the dome of the rotunda of the Natural History Building was granted in the first deficiency act for the fiscal year 1928, approved December 22, 1927, with provision that the sum remain available until June 30, 1929. By this act $80,000 was appropriated, the work to be performed under the direction and supervision of the Supervising Architect, Treasury Department. A statement regarding the progress of this work will be given in a later paragraph. It is gratifying to record that the greater eae of the total in- crease of $97,064 in the regular items over the previous fiscal year was applied to minh eeded adjustment in the salaries paid to the Museum staff placing the salary status of the majority of the members on a much more adequate basis than heretofore. Upon proper representation to the Congress in the annual hearings on appropriations, allowance was made for additional funds to provide a one-rate increase under the provisions of the reclassification act for those employees who had attained the proper efficiency ratings. This was followed by the passage of the Welch Act covering govern- mental salaries in general under which there was a revision of the schedules of the various grades. As a result the majority of the staff have been advanced to the second step in the salary scale for each grade with a few above and a few below this point to leave 3 4 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 this point as an average. The effect of this betterment in economic status was immediate in increased morale in an organization whose members always have been consistently devoted to our best interests. With this accomplished it is highly important to the Smithsonian Institution that further additions to the appropriations be made as soon as practicable to permit the raising of salaries to the average for each grade, when the intent of the classification act so far as this matter is concerned will be fully met. Such action is due as. reward for the conscientious performance of duty of those in the various grades of our service. The increase in funds of $3,000 under furniture and fixtures was provided to give additional storage for the steadily increasing study collections, one third being for lumber and similar materials for the - manufacture of additional specimen cases, and the remainder for the purchase of pasteboard boxes, trays, glass jars and vials, insect drawers, and similar containers. ‘The salary rolls under heating and lighting were increased by $3,840 to permit addition of three em- ployees, an engineer, a fireman, and an elevator conductor required for the adequate operation of the heating and lghting plant and for the maintenance of proper elevator service. Of the increase under the item preservation of collections, a part was applied to the estab- lishment of a new position for an assistant curator in the division of mammals, and a part for the purchase of uniforms for guards and elevator conductors on day duty in our buildings. The appropria- tion for building repairs included an increase of $4,610 to provide for an additional painter on the permanent staff and for the purchase of additional paint materials, together with $2,000 for further cement work on the private roadways leading to the east service entrance. The amount of $500 was added to the appropriation for the purchase of books for the Museum libraries. A further increase of $2,500 came as allotment in the item for printing and binding. The question of further additions to personnel remains one of importance, as there is growing necessity for further workers both on the scientific staff and in the clerical forces. The National Mu- seum through the many years of its growth has developed along broad lines and maintains extensive collections in many branches. There are several groups of animals where large collections are avail- able with no specialist immediately in charge, a condition that should be remedied. Further, there are divisions where assistants should be provided for older men now in charge who should be in a position: to train others to carry on when they themselves are gone. Clerical assistance is at a minimum when the volume of work to be covered is considered, and there is need for more employees of this group to relieve scientific workers of routine work in cataloguing and thus REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 5 permit them to devote their time more fully to important scientific investigations. It is now necessary annually to procure the tempo- rary services of additional cataloguers, typists, and laborers to assist in our regular work. These persons should be on the permanent rolls as the work required is specialized and requires considerable training for proper performance which it is not possible to give in a period of temporary employment. Congeston in the present space occupied by the National Museum collections increases in spite of directive effort to select for preserva- tion only the objects that must be kept and to eliminate material that is not permanently desired. It is imperative to take important col- lections when they are available as opportunity to secure them may never offer again. As an asset of the Nation the collections of the National Museum should be made as complete as possible while lacking materials are still procurable. In the last 10 years the exhibition halls devoted to arts and indus- tries and to history have become increasingly more crowded until in many instances there has been brought about decided incongruity in association of exhibits because of need that has arisen for the accept- ance of valuable things that when on hand must be afforded space. Space designed for anthropology and zoology has been preempted for displays of objects of art, and other makeshifts have been neces- sary. In recent years there has been gradual utilization of the hails that serve as passageways until now cases for the storage of study specimens line the walls and to some extent close these lanes. The situation is such that the limit of expansion is practically reached and several divisions are already urgently in need of more space for their research collections than is assigned to them. The study collections as a whole will grow annually at a steady rate that will not decrease for a considerable period of years at least. Though to one with casual knowledge it might appear that one or two examples of each kind are sufficient it is actually true that good series are imperative for the investigations of the talented workers to whom we look for increase in knowledge concerning the things about us. It is found on close examination that individual insects, birds, mammals, fossils, plants, mollusks, or in fact any other natural materials or organisms, differ from each other in form, color, dimen- sion, and structure, so that a series of specimens is required to show the characters of a single species. Frequently when specimens sup- posedly the same from a wide geographic range are compared it is found that two or more forms are represented. Scientists and lay- men alike properly lock to the National Museum for extensive material to demonstrate all these points, some of which may seem to have no particular importance at the time but all of which inevitably 6 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 are found eventually to possess some utilitarian value. Our study collections should be the largest and most extensive in the country. Further housing for the National Museum is imperative. The col- lections in arts and industries are found at present in the Old National Museum, a building that when it was completed in 1881 was a model of its kind for the world, but with modern progress is now as much out of date as vehicular transportation or the average manufacturing process of that same day when compared with present methods. Further, though carefully constructed originally, at an age of 48 years it is becoming somewhat of a problem to keep it in proper condition, and before long expensive renovations must be contemplated if it is to be retained. This building should be replaced by one of modern design that will afford a much greater area of floor space, with halls properly designed in form to meet modern needs. The new building should stand in part on the site occupied by the old one but will need to cover considerably more ground to provide for our need. Modern advances in manufacturing processes are tre- mendous and so overshadow the modest beginnings of some of our industries that they will be completely forgotten by the coming generation. There should be preserved in the National Museum exhibits to show the essential steps in the development in all branches of transportation, engineering, and commerce. These will have ines- timable value in affording material studies on which further advances may be made and in the education of our modern youth. The ultimate construction of a National Gallery of Art to which the art collections will be removed will free a certain amount of space in the Natural History Building, but that area will be absorbed automatically by the natural history exhibits retired to make room for art, and will not afford necessary relief. There should be added to the Natural History Building two wings, one on the east and one on the west, in accordance with the original plan of the architect for this structure. These, with the same height as the present building, will give needed space for the tremendously valuable research col- lections and will relieve crowded laboratories, which in the division of insects, for example, have become almost intolerable because of the increasing number of persons necessarily engaged in important researches on our collections, so that in some instances four persons depend upon the light from a single window for illumination for work requiring delicate examination, frequently under the micro- scope.. The additional floor space would also afford a more logical arrangement of exhibits, a remodeling of many in more modern form, which can not be attempted at present, and a relief from present crowding, which is often tiring and confusing to the visitor. REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 7 The division of history, one of the greatest importance to every patriotic American, with its wonderful series of memorabilia of those to whom we owe our country and our freedom, its collections of weapons, war materials, historical objects of all kinds, and ex- tensive series of coins and stamps, at present has its exhibits dis- tributed through the Natural History, and Arts and Industries Buildings, in a manner wholly incongruous to orderly display. There should be provided for it a separate building where its treasures may be adequately shown for the admiration and reverence of our people for generations to come. Certainly all these historic objects, not to be duplicated at any price, should be displayed under the best of conditions as a monument to those whom they represent and to previous generations in our Nation. Existing appropriations are taken up so largely with necessary routine expenditures that there is little available to be used in ex- ploration and field work. Many interested friends and correspon- dents make great additions to our collections annually, but the Museum should be provided with adequate funds that would enable it to develop various field researches along logical and continuing lines. There come to the Museum frequent reports of valuable specimens that may be had if some one competent can go to the spot to obtain them. These are usually of such nature that they can not be collected and sent in by the inexperienced as unless properly handled they are not worth the cost of transportation, though when suitably prepared they are highly valuable. At the present time this material is usually lost, though for a comparatively small ex- penditure it might be preserved. Funds that may be used for such purposes and for field work in general are urgently needed. It may be added that in the United States to-day there is an in- creasing part of the population that is definitely interested in science. This is shown in the present demand for authentic scientific news on the part of the press, for photographs of interesting scientific objects for publication, and by the general attitude of the public. As our country grows there develops an increasing group of those financially independent who turn to scientific researches and in- vestigations either as recreation or with serious desire to assist in addition to human knowledge, and who find in scientific matters relaxation and inspiration, recreation and serious endeavor. This group now assists tremendously in the furtherance of scientific development and will be an increasing force in that direction in the future. These persons from their financial situation make large contributions toward the Federal income in the form of taxes, wherefore it would seem logical to make a part of the money 15876—29—_2 8 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 derived from them available for support of their immediate inter- ests in the form of increased appropriations for the National Museum. COLLECTIONS Additions to the collections for the present fiscal year include large — and valuable accretions to the series in all departments of the Mu- seum. ‘Theincrements were covered in 1,706 separate accessions which included a total of 545,191 separate objects, a number not quite equal to that of the previous year but which indicates a tremendous growth. The specimens indicated were divided among the various departments as follows: Anthropology, 4,831; biology, 520,701; geology, 12,418; arts and industries, 2,208; history, 5,033. The total increase for last year came to 832,912. As in previous years the large additions for the year 1929 were due principally to accessions under the department of biology. Note- worthy among these was the receipt of the highly valuable collec- tions of mammals, birds, and insects left to the Museum by the late Col. Wirt Robinson; the collections of birds and plants secured by Dr. Joseph F. Rock, transferred by the National Geographic Society; the collections of insects, mollusks, and crustaceans secured by Dr. D. C. Graham; the materials forwarded by Dr. Hugh M. Smith from Siam; and the plants secured in Haiti by E. C. Leonard, together with specimens collected in the same Republic by A. J. Poole and W. M. Perrygo. The last two came through the coopera- tion of Dr. W. L. Abbott, who also presented a collection of Siamese mammals. In the department of anthropology the archeological material obtained by Henry B. Collins, jr., on St. Lawrence Island is of the highest importance. A further collection that may be mentioned here, though not included in the present accessions, as it came to hand late at the close of the year, is that of cave and midden material obtained by H. W. Krieger in the Dominican Republic during an expedition financed by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Accessions under the department of geology have embraced many excellent things in the form of meteorites and minerals secured prin- cipally through purchase under the income of the Roebling fund. These have included a meteorite weighing 1,060 pounds from New Mexico, a platinum nugget from South America weighing more than 17 ounces, and a cut gem of benitoite weighing 7.7 carats, being the largest known cut stone of this mineral. Through the Chamberlain fund there came a number of excellent additions to the gem collection. The division of stratigraphic paleontology secured valuable types of fossil invertebrates from Bruce Carlton, of the Amerada Petroleum Co., and Dr. Charles Ryniker, of the Gypsy Oil Co. REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 9 Valuable additions in the department of arts and industries have included three early types of Winton automobiles; one of the engines of the Army aircraft Question Mark, used during an endurance test that continued nearly seven days; and a working model of the tele- phone transmitter and receiver obtained from the American Tele- phone & Telegraph Co. One of the most notable additions for the entire year was the Martha Washington dress placed in the Museum as a permanent loan by Mrs. Morris Whitridge in memory of her sister, Miss Sally Pinkerton MacKenzie. This is exhibited in the costume collections in the series of dresses of the mistresses of the White House. During the year there were received 1,314 lots of material for ex- amination and report, the larger part of geological and botanical nature, the aggregate number of specimens included being consider- able. Some of this material, after being identified, was returned by request to the senders, while a part was retained as an addition to our collections. Gifts of specimens to schools and other educational institutions in- cluded 3,258 specimens, among which there were 8 sets of mollusks consisting of 149 specimens each, 18 sets to illustrate rock weathering and soils of 12 to 16 individual specimens each, 6 sets of fishes num- bering 55 specimens, 1 set of 182 specimens, 1 set of 133 specimens and 1 set of 54 specimens. Exchange of duplicate material with other institutions and individuals amounted to 23,826 specimens, while loans of specimens to workers outside of Washington included 33,723 separate objects. The handling of all this material is a matter of considerable labor on the part of the staff because of the care re- quired in selection, in packing for shipment, and in the case of loan material in unpacking and checking over for return to the collections. The following statement of specimens now covered by the Museum catalogues will be of interest: PANE ONOLOS Yj oak aoe a ee eS 677, 004 SOLO ey see a SAE SD Nes | 2 RRO 8, 848, 367 Ceolosiy seo USS ts si biare Be iph ed oreyelt sin Sey ely 2, 015, 420 ATES anOMindusiries. 6.3 tac kei Sh ie Cee uae.. aia 98, 097 RISE Ors yori eleva th RIG 2 Raa ys Lee eee gal 2) a ish: 390, 581 I {ieee aa he SEAR Neetele POR Rey ese pees er eek 12, 029. 469 REORGANIZATION OF THE MILITARY EXHIBITS The military exhibits concerned with the World War, assembled after the close of that conflict, through necessity of available space were installed originally in widely separated halls—in part in the Natural History Building and in part in the Arts and Industries Building on the opposite side of the Smithsonian Park. These exhibits, whose assembling was possible only through the interested 10 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 cooperation of the War Department, for years have been an attractive subject to large numbers of our visitors. For some time past ways and means for a better coordinated installation of this material have been under consideration, these coming finally to a head with re- newed interest expressed in these exhibits on the part of the War Department, which in 1928 appointed Maj. Louis A. O’Donnell, United States Army, to cooperate with the Museum authorities in the preparation of plans for their better display. On September 28, 1928, the War Department further announced an advisory commit- tee, to assist Major O’Donnell by consultation and cooperation, as follows: Lieut. Col. Harry B. Jordan, General Staff Corps; Lieut. Col. Paul D. Bunker, Coast Artillery Corps; Maj. John W. Lang, Infantry; Maj. Marion O. French, General Staff Corps, and Capt. Edwin M. Scott, Quartermaster Corps. Through plans devised by Major O’Donnell and approved by the Assistant Secretary certain material was returned to the War Department as no longer needed for exhibition, an artillery park was arranged in the open on ground belonging to the Smithsonian Institution, the military collections were concentrated in one connected series in the Arts and Industries Building with the majority of the other historical collections, and definite arrangements were made for building up all the military collections along agreed lines. In connection with the assembling of these military exhibits in the Arts and Industries Building there was required reorganization of part of the display in the Divisions of Mineral and Mechanical Technology and the transfer to the Natural History Building of the lace collections. All this has been accomplished and installation made of a considerable part of the military material. Work on the rest is progressing and will be continued along the plans definitely outlined. A part of the contemplated display will necessitate assis- tance in the way of additional funds, which it is hoped may be provided without too great delay. The actual process of transferring the military -collections from one building to the other began about April 1, 1929, and was a task of considerable magnitude, as it necessitated the transfer of mate- rials covering approximately 22,000 square feet of floor space. The greater part of the work was accomplished by the staff of the Divi- sion of History with the Museum labor force, with the War Depart- ment cooperating measurably by the detail of five enlisted men and a truck to aid in the transfer. This brief review of what has been accomplished will serve as partial acknowledgement of the great assistance rendered by Major — O’Donnell during his connection with the Museum. On June 15 Major O’Donnell was transferred to other duties and was succeeded by Lieut. Col. Arthur Hixson, United States Army, as representative of the War Department. REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 11 EXPLORATION AND FIELD WORK Various researches in the field have been carried on under the dif- ferent departments of the Museum, principally through funds pro- vided by the Smithsonian Institution through its private income, or through the contributions of friends interested in certain projects. Limited assistance in a few instances has been given from the annual appropriation which has advanced the work but which has com- prised only a small part of the total amounts utilized, by far the greater part of which has been secured from other resources. Additional money for such investigations is an urgent need that should be given attention. Comparatively small sums are sufficient for any one of most of our projects, so that much good may be accomplished with slight outlay. A brief account of field activities of the present year follows: During the spring of 1929 Dr. Walter Hough carried on archeo- logical studies in west central Texas with a view to extending the known Pueblo or pre-Pueblo culture areas. In the same region he uncovered evidence relative to aboriginal man’s early history. From January to May, 1929, through the interest of Dr. W. L. Abbott, Herbert W. Krieger continued archeological investigations in the northern part of the Dominican Republic. The immediate culture problem that occupied his attention was to determine whether the area anciently occupied by the Ciguayan Indians of Samana ex- tended as far west as the valley of the Rio Yaque del Norte. A second problem was the attempt to extend the area known to have been anciently occupied by the pre-Ciguayan cave dwellers of the northern Dominican Republic. Results appear to indicate that the pre-Ciguayans had occupied the entire island, but that the Ciguayan Indians never reached as far west as the Yaque River. The work included further reconnaissance along the north shore of the Saman4 Peninsula, and the collection of biological material from former Indian village sites for the department of biology. Henry B. Collins, jr., was in the field from July to October, 1928, engaged in investigations of the ancient Bering Sea culture on the islands of Punuk and St. Lawrence, the project having to do with tracing early chapters in the history of western Eskimo culture. Material collected shows that there are three stages through which the art of St. Lawrence Island may be traced. An earlier, found only on the northern and western parts of the island on deeply patinated objects, consists of graceful delineated straight and curved lines; an intermediate stage is simpler in design; while the third, the well known modern and simplified art, is found at all recent sites. At Cape Prince of Wales nothing of any real antiquity was found. Results generally suggest a direct Asiatic source rather than 12 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 a local cultural development for the well-known Eskimo arts. In May, 1929, Mr. Collins again left for the field in the Bering Sea region to continue through the summer. Neil M. Judd was in Arizona during the summer of 1929 engaged in preparation of reports covering the 1920-1927 Pueblo Bonito explorations of the National Geographic Society, and supervising — the society’s 1929 beam expedition. This latter has for its object the collection of timbers from pre-Spanish Pueblo villages that will aid in completing a tree-ring chronology by means of which it is believed that absolute dates may be determined for many of our southwestern ruins. - _ At the end of May, 1928, Dr. Paul Bartsch, curator of mollusks, traveling under the Walter Rathbone Bacon Scholarship, began the faunal study of certain groups of land and freshwater mollusks of the West Indies, the work for that season being prosecuted in Cuba where he was assisted materially by Dr. Carlos de la Torre, president. emeritus of the University of Habana. During four months Doctor Bartsch covered thoroughly all of the provinces of Cuba except that of Oriente, collecting over 250,000 specimens of mollusks, includ- ing large numbers of new races and species from places hitherto un- explored. The rainy season was chosen for this field work in spite of its discomforts for it is at this time that land mollusks are most. active. The collections obtained will yield much information bear- ing on problems of distribution both present and past, and will throw light on the derivation of the molluscan fauna of the Antiles. Incidentally, Doctor Bartsch secured for the Museum important collections of birds, insects, batrachians, mammals, and crustacea. Through the interest of Dr. W. L. Abbott, A. J. Poole, aide in the division of mammals, and W. M. Perrygo, of the taxidermist force, traveled in Haiti for a period of about 4 months, working the caves of Haiti proper and those of the island of Gonave for extinct animal bones. In addition to cavern exploration an im- portant part of the work was the collection of birds to supplement. distributional data already available, and there were obtained also mammals, mostly bats, as well as fishes, reptiles, marine inver- tebrates, mollusks, insects, and miscellaneous ethnological and anthropological materials. One of the important expeditions undertaken during the year by friends of the Museum was that of the auxiliary yacht Mary Pinchot to the South Seas under the leadership of the Hon. Gifford Pinchot. The vessel left New York City in April for a cruise of about 10 months, with Dr. A. K. Fisher of the Biological Survey as naturalist to obtain material desired for the National Museum. In the col- lections made in the first few weeks there have been received a REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 13 skull of the little-known long-beaked porpoise Prodelphinus plagiodon, and 10 forms of birds new to the Museum collections. Further shipments of important material are expected as the cruise continues. Dr. Joseph F. Rock, traveling under the auspices of the National Geographic Society, visited the kingdom of Muli, or Mili, in south- western Szechuan, as well as adjacent parts of the Province of Yunnan, exploring also to the northwest of Muli in the hitherto un- visited snow range of Konka Risonquemba, rising to a height of 25,000 feet, and mountains to the east and northeast. From this work there have been obtained important collections of birds and plants, the specimens coming to the National Museum through the gift of the National Geographic Society. Dr. Hugh M. Smith, in the course of fisheries investigations in Siam, visited the northern part of that country in November and December of 1928, and made hurried collections on Doi Angka and Doi Sutep, two previously unexplored peaks of the Kuhn Tan Mountains. Material secured has been of particular interest and has resulted in the discovery of new and rare species, among them seven new forms of birds. Dr. David C. Graham continued work in the vicinity of Suifu, in the Province of Szechuan, China, and in July, 1928, set out on a journey to Ningyuenfu, by way of Yachow, spending about two months on the trip. Though bandits threatened at most of the in- teresting points, many valuable specimens were obtained. During brief field investigations into the hosts of certain parasites in Virginia and North Carolina, Dr. H. E. Ewing, of the Bureau of Entomology, was accompanied by C. S. East, of the preparators’ staff, who collected a small series of birds for skeletons. Dr. J. M. Aldrich, of the division of insects, in May, 1929, began work in the British Museum on type specimens of diptera with the plan, as part of the trip, to do some collecting of northern insects, principally diptera, in Norway and Sweden. Dr. Waldo L. Schmitt and C. R. Shoemaker, in the course of an examination of the crustacean fauna of the region about the United States Bureau of Fisheries station at Beaufort, N. C., secured more than 1,300 specimens of marine invertebrates. J. O. Maloney, by invitation of Mr. Copley Amory, was detailed for part of the sum- mer of 1928 to proceed to Canada in continuation of the biological survey of Mr. Amory’s estate on the north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence near the Matamek River. Doctor Bartsch visited the Marine Biological Laboratory at the Tortugas, Fla., from August 17 to August 30, 1928, in connection with work on the cross-breeding of cerions, an investigation carried on in cooperation with the 14 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 Carnegie Institution of Washington. While at the Tortugas, Doctor Bartsch spent a day under water with the diving hood and the undersea camera, going over fields photographed formerly, in order to have a continuous record of life on the reefs. : From December, 1928, to the latter part of May, 1929, BE. C. - Leonard was engaged in botanical field work in northwestern Haiti, through the generous support of Dr. W. L. Abbott. Large collec- tions (nearly 15,000 specimens) were obtained, which will be of very material assistance in making known the flora of Hispaniola, a project upon which Mr. Leonard has been engaged for several years. During the last three months of the fiscal year Mr. Killip, accompanied by A. C. Smith and W. J. Dennis, honorary collabora- tors, has prosecuted botanical explorations in eastern Peru and adjacent regions. Reports from the field indicate that a large amount of herbarium material is being obtained that will be ex- ceedingly valuable in current studies of the flora of western South America. In July and August, 1928, Dr. A. S. Hitchcock, custodian of grasses, visited Newfoundland and Labrador for the purpose of studying and collecting grasses. A large illustrative series of speci- mens and much useful information regarding the range of species in these little-explored regions were obtained. Jason R. Swallen, assistant in the grass herbarium, spent the summer of 1928 in field work in the southwestern United States. Many of the rarer grasses were collected as well as other material relating to current studies. Dr. George P. Merrill, head curator of the department of geology, was detailed in September, 1928, to visit various mineral localities in the New England States. He first worked at the pegmatite de- posits at Newry, Me., where the fine block of material mentioned elsewhere in this report was obtained. The historically interesting gem locality at Paris Hill was next given attention; then various localities in New Hampshire, all of exceptional interest. Following this, the feldspar prospects at Bellows Falls, Vt., were examined. The acquisition of the feldspar vein at Newry, Me., was considered to have more than compensated for the trip. The explorations of Dr. W. F. Foshag begun early in the year being still under way, little can be said except that he reports the collecting of much that is interesting, particularly in the form of borate minerals from various localities in southern California and Nevada. While a part of this material has reached the Museum, the recording will go over until the entire collection is received. James Benn and B. O. Reberholt were on several occasions de- tailed to collect geological specimens in adjacent localities in Mary- land and Virginia where desirable materials could be obtained. REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 15 Stratigraphic studies of the Cambrian as developed in the larger mountain ranges of Wyoming were the main object of an expedition in 1928 by Associate Curator C. E. Resser. Nearly three months were spent in this investigation, in the course of which several mountain ranges were explored. Collections of fossils were limited, the rocks in many cases being of such shallow water origin as to have destroyed them. Much valuable information relating to strati- graphy was secured, which was the major object of the season’s work. . Since the field exploration undertaken by Curator C. W. Gilmore and his party in the Two Medicine formation in Montana extended well into the present year, but brief mention was made of it in last year’s report. The expedition, which covered the time from May 12 to July 15, 1928, covered the Bad Land areas along the Milk and Two Medicine Rivers, on the Blackfeet Indian Reservation. Con- siderable success attended the work, the collections being sufficient in scope to be fairly representative of the fauna of the formation. The material as a whole is a most important addition to our series where practically all of the forms found were previously unrepresented. Scientifically it will be of interest not only for the new species con- tained, but for its decided contribution to the meagerly known fauna of the formation, placing this on a basis that will permit of its comprehensive comparison with other Upper Cretaceous formations of contiguous areas. Upon completion of the above work, Mr. Gilmore visited the Bear Creek Coal Field in southern Montana for the purpose of securing some of the Paleocene mammal remains occurring in the Eagle Mine at that place. Lack of time prevented search being made for these minute fossils on the ground, but 400 pounds of the fossil-bearing matrix were boxed and shipped to the Museum. In the early spring of 1929, work was again taken up at Mel- bourne, Fla., by Dr. J. W. Gidley, in continuation of the project relative to the presence of early man in Florida. About six weeks were spent in this work, for which generous financial assistance was furnished by Childs Frick. Again important evidence was gath- ered indicating the presence of man in Florida contemporaneous with an extinct fauna of the Pleistocene. While the mammal re- mains obtained will be useful in determining the exact phase of the ' Pleistocene represented, a still unsettled part of the general problem is under investigation. In this connection it may be mentioned that assistance is being rendered by Dr. Thomas Barbour, of the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, in continuing collecting activities in this area. The material thus obtained is being placed at the disposal of Doctor Gidley for study. 16 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 Almost at the end of the fiscal year, Doctar Gidley was detailed to visit fossil-bearing beds discovered by a United States Geological Survey party at points in Idaho. Since operations will hardly have begun within the time of this report, statement regarding them will go over until next year. In cooperation with the Peabody Museum of Yale University, N. H. Boss was detailed late in March, 1929, to engage in further exploration of a cave in New Mexico where a giant ground sloth was found last year, as well as to search other similar caves in the region. Following these operations, Mr. Boss joined Mr. Gilmore in an expedition to the San Juan Basin, N. Mex., to collect dinosaur and other vertebrate remains. As this work is expected to continue unto the next fiscal year, no detailed report on either expedition will be given at this time. Remington Kellogg and Norman H. Boss continued explorations of the Miocene along Chesapeake Bay from time to time. At little expense to the Museum, various fossil cetacean remains were added to the collection. EDUCATIONAL WORK Fundamentally all of our Museum work is educational, as it is planned for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men. The National Museum is in no sense a local institution, as its appeal is to residents of every part of this country, and citizens from all sections of the land enjoy and profit by its exhibition halls. Li- braries all over the world receive its publications without charge, and institutions of higher education in all parts of the United States share in its duplicate specimens. Unlike many large museums else- where, the National Museum has no special provisions for direct teaching of children or adults, as it has no funds for docents, guides, or lecturers. Its collections, however, are so systematically arranged and clearly labeled that the average visitor needs but little guid- ance, and where necessary the members of the scientific and technical staffs are always ready to answer questions and to explain exhibits, so far as other duties permit. In the department of anthropology during the present fiscal year several informal talks were given on the exhibit floor of the Museum before classes of normal and high school students, and parties of church and club members were personally conducted when viewing . the exhibits. Doctor Hough talked to several groups of Boy Scouts REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 17 and demonstrated to them methods of fire making. He also demon- strated methods of fire making for the Fox Movietone News. Neil M. Judd, curator of archeology, made an address on the architecture of Pueblo Bonito before the Twenty-third International Congress of Americanists in New York early in September. While assistant in the division of Old World archeology, J. T. Russell spoke before the Art and Archaeology League of Washington on his work in the prehistoric sites of France. Dr. A. Hrdlicka, curator of physical anthropology, during the year gave a series of lectures on various aspects of his research work. Calls in this respect, particularly from local associations, have in- creased until all can not be accepted. The main lectures were as follows: November 5, 1928, New York Academy of Sciences, section of geology and mineralogy, “'The Where, When, and Why of Human Evolution”; December 3, 1928, Cambridge, Mass., “The Slavs”; February 4, 1928, Twentieth Century Club, Springfield, Mass., “ Man’s Past, Present, and Future ”; February 10, 1929, radio talk, Collier’s, “The Ethics of Human Evolution”; February 11, 18, and 25, 1929, lectures at St. John’s College, Annapolis, Md., on “Man ”; March 5, 1929, Takoma Park Women’s Club, Washington, D. C., “ Future of Man”; April 9, 1929, Jewish Community Center, Washington, D. C., “Man ”; April 10, 1929, Conference on Immigra- tion Policy, New York City, “ The Biological Aspects of Immigra- tion”; April 19, 1929, The American Philosophical Society, Phila- delphia, Pa., “‘ Man’s Future in the Light of His Past and Present.” In addition, scientific papers were presented before the National Academy of Sciences, Section H of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the International Congress of Americanists. Also several groups of students from local institu- tions and the University of Maryland were given talks in the Museum. The value of the material of the department of anthropology to art students was evidenced by the number of pupils making use of the collections. The head curator and his assistants made it a point on request to conduct classes wishing to learn of portions of the collection through a more personal contact than by descriptive labels. Numerous requests for advice and aid in the Museum cor- respondence were made the opportunity to disseminate much of edu- cational value. Correct information to writers for the press was the means of forwarding knowledge of the resources of the Museum. 18 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 Daily visitors coming to the Museum bringing specimens for identi- fication and other information were served. The annual gathering of the 4-H Clubs included in their program the inspection of the Museum and expressed much satisfaction at the result of their tutelage. . In the department of biology Dr. J. M. Aldrich, associate curator of insects, gave a lecture to members of the Harvard University medical class on the subject of insects affecting man. Dr. Waldo L. Schmitt, curator of marine invertebrates, has given several illus- trated talks on his South American experiences as the Walter Rathbone Bacon scholar of the Smithsonian Institution—three, before classes of the Washington public schools and one before the Takoma Park Horticultural Club. Mr. C. R. Shoemaker, assistant curator in the same division, rendered valuable assistance to the Audubon Society in connection with their bird-study classes and field trips. Dr. Paul Bartsch, curator of mollusks, as usual, has conducted classes of students from George Washington University and Howard University through the Museum for study of the exhibits. He gave the following popular lectures before various organizations on “'The Museum and Its Relation to Scouting,” be- fore about 40 Boy Scout executives; on “The Intermediate Mollus- kan Hosts and Schistosomiasis in Man,” before the Naval Medical School; on “Field Experiences with Cuban Insects,” before the Entomological Society of Washington; on “ Marine Explorations,” before the Naturalists’ Field Club at the University of Pennsy]l- vania; and before the Chi Delta Mu Fraternity at Philadelphia, on “ Undersea Photography,” before the Boy Scouts of the District of Columbia; on “The Sea,” at a meeting of the Newcomers Club at the Carlton Hotel; and on “The Wonders of the Deep,” at a meeting of the District chapter of the Alumni Association of the State University of Iowa. He also addressed the German Club at George Washington University, Der Schoenfeldt Verein, on “ Das Meer und seine Bewohner.” In addition he continued to serve as vice president of the district council of the Boy Scouts of America and as chairman of its court of honor. W. B. Marshall, assist- ant curator of mollusks, has continued to serve as deputy commis- sioner at large in the same organization. Austin H. Clark, curator of echinoderms, served as news manager for the American Associ- ation for the Advancement of Science at the New York meeting and subsequently as director of the press service of the association. This service has been extensively utilized by press associations and by individual newspapers, and through it many contacts have been REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 19 made which have resulted in increasing the amount and accuracy of scientific information in the current. press. In the department of geology Doctor Bassler reports that educa- tional activities are increasing each year and requiring more and more of his time. The value of the collections from an educa- tional standpoint is becoming so widely known to students throughout the country that we have many visitors requiring personal attention, whether or not they have definite problems in view. The local geol- ogy about Washington also is so instructive in its completeness of geological phenomena that various universities include this city in their summer-school trips. The result is that much time, especially during the month of June, is taken up in conducting such parties through the Museum and on field tours around Washington. Doctor Bassler has also given talks on geological subjects before Boy Scouts and similar organizations and has continued to serve as examiner for the Girl Scouts. Mr. Gilmore reports conducting more than 250 students through the laboratory and exhibition halls of his division. Doctor Gidley, while in Florida, talked to the St. Petersburg High School and to the Kiwanis Club of Melbourne on the ancient mam- malian life of that State. He also gave a radio talk on “Ancient Wild Horses” over stations WRNY and W2XAL while in New York City attending the annual meeting of the Geological Society of America. In the department of arts and industries the professional staff in mineral and mechanical technology repeated the series of talks given in former years to classes from local schools on the coal industry and on land, water, and air transportation, using the collections for illus- trations. To satisfy a persistent request on the part of local teachers and others, a series of lantern slides illustrating the history of aero- nautics and the building of model airplanes was prepared. Several of the local public and private schools made use of the slides during the year, and, in addition, they were loaned to Gen. Mason M. Pat- rick, retired chief of the Air Service, United States Army, for a lecture on the history of aeronautics which he gave at Yale Univer- sity. The slides were also used at the Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md., in the summer-school course in aviation given to second-year midshipmen. The assistant curator made use of them in five lectures given during the year to local schools and civic organizations. The exhibits in the textile halls continued to be popular with classes from the public schools of Washington, and many requests were made at the office of the curator of textiles for explanations of the technical processes used in the manufacture and ornamentation 20 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 of cloth. The freshman class of the Wilson Normal School visited the Museum, coming in sections for a short talk by Mr. Lewton on the application of textile designs. The curator gave a talk on the same subject to a class in costume design from the Central High School, and to a class in commercial geography from the Business — High School he explained the processes of cloth construction. Sales people from the training department of Woodward & Lothrop’s de- partment store were instructed in textile processes. At a meeting of the textile section of the Home Economics Association, held in the Bureau of Home Economics, he gave a lecture on the Progress of Rayon. A talk on fabric ornamentation was given to the major drawing class of Central High School by Mrs. E. W. Rosson, aid in the division of textiles, who also on two occasions assisted classes from the home economics department of George Washington Uni- versity in demonstrations of flax and by-products of the cotton plant. Dr. Augustus C. Taylor, professor in the College of Pharmacy of George Washington University, utilized the history of medicine col- lection, bringing his classes to the Museum for the purpose of illus- trating his lectures with actual specimens. Doctor Whitebread, as- sistant curator of medicine, gave several informal talks on the sub- ject to members of the classes of this college who called at different times throughout the year. Professor Jenson, of Washington Mis- sionary College, Takoma Park, Md., supplemented her lectures on various phases of hygiene and sanitation by visits to the division with her classes. The collections were explained to the students by the assistant curator, as well as to other groups from the same college. Miss Hickler, of Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Md., utilized the hygiene and sanitation collections, and brought over large groups of student nurses on various occasions and directed their study. Many classes in medicine and pharmacy made use of the history of medicine, pharmacy, and materia medica collections during the entire year. Dr. George B. Roth, jr., professor of pharmacology at George Washington University, found the collections of value on several occasions, and procured illustrations with which to supple- ment his lectures. Dr. C. N. MacFall, professor at the University of Virginia Medical College, Charlottesville, Va., made use of the collection of photographs of famous physicians, and also obtained data relating to optics and refraction for use in his work. Mrs. Helen J. Campbell, teacher at the Punahou School, Honolulu, Hawaii, spent several days studying the hygiene and sanitation col- REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 21 lections, and obtaining data from the sectional library, for use in her work of teaching. As a feature of its Philadelphia meeting, held May 22 to 24, 1929, the American Association of Museums requested that the museums represented in its membership join in an exhibit of museum labels. At the request of the Assistant Secretary, the curator of textiles col- lected examples of different types of labels from the several depart- ments of the Museum and from the National Gallery of Art, and arranged an exhibit in the vestibule of the auditorium where the convention was held. The exhibit compared favorably with those from other institutions. The division of graphic arts and the section of photography con- tinued its special loan exhibitions, and in its exhibition series gave residents of Washington, as well as visitors, opportunity to keep in touch with the artistic productions of the day in these fields. This division also has a number of traveling exhibits that illustrate the making of prints by the different processes which are in common use. The exhibits are lent to libraries and higher educational insti- tutions throughout the country, the only expense being for trans- portation. During this fiscal year they were shown in 49 different places in all sections of the land. One exhibit shown in various public libraries in California for two seasons has now been returned, and, after renovating, it or another will be forwarded for use during the coming season. During the National 4-H Club Camp, composed of prize-winning farm boys and girls from 40 States, which was held in the grounds of the Department of Agriculture June 19 to 26, 1929, a delegation of about 200 visited the National Museum, which was divided into four groups, each provided with a special guide, and shown over the Arts and Industries and the Aircraft Buildings. Talks on the exhibits of particular interest to these young people were given by the staff so that they might return to their homes familiar with the principal treasures belonging to them which are cared for in the National Museum. VISITORS The Museum buildings are open to the public, free of charge, every week day from 9 a. m. to 4.30 p. m. and, in addition, the Natural History Building, the Arts and Industries Building, and the Smith- sonian Building are open on Sunday afternoon from 1.30 to 4.80. This year all exhibition halls were closed on the day before Christ- mas, Christmas Day, New Year’s Day, and Inauguration Day (March 4,1929). On Saturday, March 2, by special request of the committee 22 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 in charge of the inaugural arrangements, the buildings were kept open until 5 o’clock in the afternoon. The flags on the buildings were flown at half mast out of respect to the late Marshall Foch on the day of his funeral, March 26, 1929, and on Memorial Day, May 30, 1929, from 8.30 a. m. until noon. The visitors to the Museum for the year aggregated 1,929,625 per- — sons, an increase of more than 516,000 over the previous year. Aver- age attendance for week days was 5,175 and for Sundays 6,330. The number of visitors to the Smithsonian Building on week days was 926,824 and 50,971 on Sundays, a daily week-day average of 735 and a Sunday average of 962; to the Arts and Industries Buildings 711,687 on week days and 157,265 on Sundays, a daily week-day average of 2,311 and a Sunday average of 2,967; to the Natural History Build- ings 523,546 on week days and 127,269 on Sundays, a daily week-day average of 1,700 and a Sunday average of 2,401; and the number of visitors to the Aircraft Building for the year was 132,563, a daily average of 431. . The following tables show, respectively, the attendance of visitors during each month of the last year and for each year since 1881, when the building now devoted to arts and industries was first opened to the public: Number of visitors during the year ended June 30, 1929 | Museum buildings Year and month Smithsonian Total building a h gAstsand | Natur | pier 1928 Fa Liye, aap WN ic Mee 35, 465 | 110,215 69, 867 15, 342 230, 889 Avice: Vena IN 47, 841 | 137,432! 99,238] 20,057| 304, 568 September__________ 31, 856 95, 035 102, 084 13, 778 242, 753 Octobers_2 2222-22) 20, 362 66, 359 46, 188 8, 241 141, 150 Naveniben 20 oa 11,985 | 46,278| 30, 918 5, 147 94, 328 December_-____-_--- 10, 067 29, 220 23, 743 4, 995 68, 025 1929 . j Aesarnerey Seven Anta 7,034| 22,2161 20,459 3, 345 53, 054 Rebruary 22). Mion 8, 904 30, 139 23, 518 3, 967 66, 528 IIE ere OME A OS ae ah let 23, 606 70, 206 54, 241 15, 140 163, 193 (ATI ao a algun unr 31, 020 95, 791 69, 180 15, 027 211, 018 Dag Es ipate Ns en 19, 588 76, 856 51, 084 11, 860 159, 388 OsULTa ees Nae OB eid SW 29, 567 89, 205 60, 295 15, 664 194, 731 Totaly fyi 9y 277,295 | 868,952 | 650,815 | 182, 563 | 1, 929, 625 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 23 Number of visitors to the Smithsonian and Museum Buildings since 1881 Year Spitane MS Sileem ae ts. Pee 100, 000 US ee a ae a 152, 744 ce eas 104, 823 1884 (half year) ____- 45, 565 1884-85 (fiscal year)_| 105, 993 LS Sic) aaa 88, 960 ISSG6=S7es Se 98, 552 SST 88eeu. So ae 102, 863 1888-89__________-_ 149, 618 BSSO-OOE TL. 120, 894 S90 HO ees 111, 669 1891-92____________ 114, 817 LEG AGS Ie a 174, 188 MSGS OA ie oie 103, 910 LOS GA eae 105, 658 1895-96____________ 103, 650 US9G—O Gis We eee 115, 709 MeO. = 2S 99, 273 1898-99____________ 116, 912 HS99—19005._ 22. 133, 147 1310) 01-9) 0 Iago 151, 563 UOOT 2etisc sso ce hs | 144, 107 NOO2—3eo ae 181, 174 1908—4______-______ 143, 988 NOO4Z=5e ee Le 149, 380 NGOS—6 ose 149, 661 RWG (eres Set ene 153, 591 OOM S38 ge. ea 237, 182 OO a ee ee eae 198, 054 ROOT Que Se ee tas SOS 179, 163 ONO TM ese | 167, 085 TLC) Fe) 1? ae ee | 148, 134 11071 L725 IS ee Re aga 142, 420 MONS TAS eee Lye tS 102, 645 LOI i ieee 40, 324 MAGS ey ek 48, 517 Gf ee es 86, 335 | DATES se 67, 224 TAG) fe) la a a 101, 504 AOUG= 20M Gee 86, 013 MAO Diss mk 90, 235 MON 22 ea 83, 384 Ree Ne 95, 168 W923 24 104, 601 WO2Z4—25. 2 hee ke 107, 342 WO2Z5—26% 110, 975 WOZ6—2 72 fe 128, 868 M2728) bl 175, 190 28-29 277, 295 Grand total___|6, 095, 067 1 Building open for only 3 months of the year. 75876—29—_3 Museum buildings aint! | Oa Aircraft PSORODONS. Seren Ne a SK) SLSR Alo ah al Ciel Win as {OE Let ei a leach O7ecol Meat! OP ema DU, O26 (MUNG: awa wet tagut Fie ah SCE Die seonnmanmnue Wen las DUO R EGU AIMAU ollie leony Pi yA Ae lel Ih ce Die SOT MAVN suet SG MUL UAE FRE OG Musee lO Nh 3 GF 0 a a STOO iW a abba oll Fy HOST Ih hae Cie rose L ICs BO 7PE Ore nea nny aay ISOGO5) kien y LE aw Ad DOOR GUE) bi guewut yun k 177, Doane: TMT ean S OO ESE GabaR Vand ly os TOTS CI ae I EN FG 58S Oana | Soaps WSReS Su MSu RTL aR OT Luee | Eck DOTA DS a aE DoOM Te WEIN TE BUINNE Tait Oe tT ooo ae (spain? POLSSG te ee FOU NL oe I POOMGSO anny OTS See uhe 8 Sy ack Fall SP 98 SOL) L5OORet BENE! DOT Ol lo cisd tio soi cuauhes 17>. 182) 958i) sage kil 173; 858'| 319,806 [P22 111) I4Gy 5988). B2ongeI Nl) Wali A 138, 002| 301,712 [2a (GORE! | Sem Doge NTN A 169..700) 407,025 1a 0. Jaca) | igi. 298 | 401, 100 (tl DGG, B32 | t1go" so) kt Ae Sie 250,982 | 422,984 |... 286, 397 | 467,299 | 31, 235 262,151 | 441,604| 46, 380 259,542 | 508,518 | 42,904 290,012 | 540,776 | 43,534 304,858 | 557,016 | 52, 787 355,762 | 581,563 | 58, 005 380, 430 | 561,286 | 82, 628 517,238 | 618,773 | 102, 185 868, 952 | 650,815 | 132, 563 | 12,093,496 |8, 127,147 | 592, 221 Total 250, 000 320, 199 307, 011 143, 226 311, 019 263, 185 315, 114 352, 528 524. 461 395, 218 398, 095 384, 642 494 118 299, 658 307, 402 284) 155 345, 315 276, 527 309, 383 358, 587 368, 119 317, 995 496, 481 364, 766 385, 301 360, 547 363, 608 536, 841 443, 241 458, 370 525, 207 597, 203 636, 084 578, 559 495, 238 576, 701 655, 060 629, 622 500, 895 759, 979 875, 166 833, 519 906, 132 978, 923 1, 022; 003 1, 106, 305 1, 153, 212 1, 413, 386 1, 929, 625 26, 907, 931 24 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 PUBLICATIONS The publications issued during the year include eight volumes, namely, the Annual Report for 1928; Bulletin 100, volume 8, Con- tributions to the Biology of the Philippine Archipelago and Ad- jacent Regions—The Fishes of the Series Capriformes, Ephippi- ~ formes, and Squamipennes, collected by the United States Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross, chiefly in Philippine seas and adjacent waters, by Henry W. Fowler and Barton A. Bean; Bulletin 104, part 6, The Foraminifera of the Atlantic Ocean—Mailiolidae, Oph- thalmidiidae and Fischerinidae, by Joseph Augustine Cushman; Bulletin 145, A Revision of the North American Species of Buprestid Beetles Belonging to the Genus Agrilus, by W. S. Fisher; Bulletin 146, Life Histories of North American Shore Birds—Order Limi- colae (pt. 2), by Arthur Cleveland Bent, and a small edition, for office use, of the complete volumes 71 and 72 of the Proceedings, and Bulletin 100, volume 1, Contributions to the Biology of the Philip- pine Archipelago and Adjacent Regions—Papers on Collections Gathered by the Albatross Philippine Expedition 1907-1910. Sixty- one separate papers published include two papers in the Contribu- tions from the National Herbarium and 59 in the Proceedings. The distribution of volumes and separates to libraries and indi- viduals on the regular mailing lists aggregated 99,739 copies, while in addition 15,3889 copies of publications issued during this and pre- vious years were supplied in response to special requests. The mail- ing lists have been carefully revised to avoid loss in distribution so far as possible. The editorial office, besides supervising the printing of the publica- tions, has charge of all miscellaneous printing and binding for the Museum, in which connection 608,987 forms, labels, and other items were printed and 1,229 volumes were bound. LIBRARY The library of the United States National Museum is, next to the Smithsonian deposit in the Library of Congress, the most important unit in the Smithsonian library system. It consists chiefly of two: main divisions, namely, the natural history collection, housed largely in the Natural History Building, and the technological collection, shelved in the Arts and Industries Building. Closely affiliated with these two larger collections are the 36 sectional libraries of the Mu- seum, which are the immediate working tools of the curators. These 38 collections, so far as they have been catalogued, now number 74,562 volumes and 107,629 pamphlets. They were increased during the REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 25 past year by 2,247 volumes and 748 pamphlets, which came mainly by exchange and purchase. Prominent among the gifts for the year were the following: 1,000 volumes, pamphlets, and manuscripts of a miscellaneous character from Herbert A. Gill of Washington, D. C., brother of the late Dr. Theodore Gill, at one time librarian and associate in zoology in the Smithsonian Institution; 500 books and periodicals on photography, both American and British, some of them quite old and rare, from A. B. Stebbins of Canisteo, N. Y.; the first 4 volumes of the Smith- sonian Scientific Series, Patrons’ Edition, from the Smithsonian In- stitution ; 30 publications needed by the Museum sets, from the Amer- ican Association for the Advancement of Science; a number of vol- umes and parts from the Library of Congress; and various publica- tions from the Hygienic Laboratory for use in the division of medi- cine. Among donors on the staff of the Institution and its branches, three should be especially mentioned—Dr. William H. Holmes, direc- tor of the National Gallery of Art, who, as in other years, was a generous contributor of publications of different kinds; Dr. Charles W. Richmond, who gave many volumes, some very rare, chiefly on ornithology; and Miss Mary J. Rathbun, whose gifts during the year increased her total gifts to the library to considerably more than 200 pieces, not including her own publications. Other gifts were re- ceived from Secretary Abbot, Assistant Secretary Wetmore, W. de C. Ravenel, Dr. R. S. Bassler, Dr. F. W. Clarke, Dr. J. W. Gidley, A. J. Olmsted, J. H. Riley, Miss Louise A. Rosenbusch, and Dr. Waldo L. Schmitt. The library staff kept up current work, as usual, with the result that they entered 9,759 periodicals, catalogued 1,422 volumes and pamphlets, added more than 4,000 cards to the catalogue, and had 1,831 volumes bound. They sent 5,518 publications to the sectional libraries, and loaned to the scientific staff 4,793, of which 2,163 were borrowed from the Library of Congress and 271 elsewhere. They, returned 2,336 books to the Library of Congress and 299 to other libraries. They also lent about 200 books to various Government libraries and to libraries outside of Washington, including those of the American Museum of Natural History, Carnegie Museum, Field Museum, Department of Agriculture of Canada, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. experimental station, and the following colleges and universities: Buffalo, California, Goucher, Minnesota, and Princeton. One loan to the Field Museum consisted of a duplicate set, in 43 volumes, of Linnaea, Berlin, 1825-1882, and was made on semipermanent charge, this being the third loan of this kind in recent years, the other two having been made to Johns Hopkins 26 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 University and the University of Chicago. All three were for the furthering of specialized scientific research, in keeping with the general policy of the Museum, as a branch of the Smithsonian Insti- tution, of increasing and diffusing knowledge. About as many publications as usual were consuited in the library, _ but there was a marked growth in the reference and informational service rendered by the staff, not only to the scientists of the Museum and to investigators from the different departments of the Govern- ment, but to scholars and to inquirers generally throughout the country. In this connection special attention should be called to the growing importance, both to the employees of the Smithsonian Insti- tution and its branches and to the visiting public, of the recently re- organized reading and reference room, with its loan and informa- tion desk, in the Arts and Industries Building. In the course of the year the assistant in charge, besides performing her other duties, recorded 700 visitors, answered more than 200 inquiries for informa- tion, some involving considerable research, and loaned nearly 3,000: books and periodicals. Because of the demands of the current work of the library and the smallness of the staff only a little was done during the year toward revising and completing the main shelf list and catalogue or checking and reorganizing the collections—in a word, toward continuing the solution of some of the more serious problems in- herited from the past. Time was found, however, for a few special tasks, such as assembling, from several unorganized collections in various parts of the library, about 1,800 publications of the State geological surveys for use in completing sets in the main library, the division of geology, the Library of Congress, and the Geological Survey; preparing nearly 10,000 publications of State agricultural experiment stations, not needed by the Museum, to be sent to the library of the Department of Agriculture for its own use or for distribution to experiment stations throughout the country; grouping by subject 667 reprints and sending them to the curators concerned ; filing the Wistar Institute cards to date; selecting the Concilium Bibliographicum cards pertaining to mammals and depositing them in the section of mammals; and sorting some of the old material in the main library. For the same reasons only a little time was available for much needed special work in the sectional libraries. These libraries number 36 and are as follows: Administration. Birds. Administrative assistant’s office. Botany. American acheology. Eehinoderms. Anthropology. Editor’s office. Biology. Ethnology. REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 20 Fishes. Mollusks. Foods. Old World archeology. Geology. Organic chemistry. Graphic arts. Paleobotany. History. Photography. Insects. Physical anthropology. Invertebrate paleontology. Property clerk’s office. Mammals. Reptiles and batrachians. Marine invertebrates. Superintendent’s office. Mechanical technology. Taxidermy. Medicine. Textiles. Minerals. Vertebrate paleontology. Mineral technology. Wood technology. The physical condition and appearance of the library in the Nat- ural History Building were greatly improved during the year. The walls, ceilings, and floors of the three rooms were painted, new lights, and ventilators were installed, a cork runner was laid the full length of the reference and stack rooms, and the two large, awkward reading tables were converted into four attractive, small ones. On the whole, the library made substantial progress toward the goal of better organization and greater efficiency that it had set for itself five years before, and toward which it has since been steadily moving, but its progress was seriously hampered by the smallness of its staff. It is, therefore, earnestly hoped that the need of the library for more trained assistants, which is now its most pressing need, can soon be met, that its staff may be able not merely to carry on the current work, but also to proceed as rapidly as possible to complete the Museum’s collections and make them more readily available by the application of modern library methods. PHOTOGRAPHIC LABORATORY The photographic laboratory of the Museum, with only three employees, reports as the work of the year the making of 2,135 nega- tives, 13,014 prints, 245 lantern slides, 63 enlargements, the mount- ing of 59 prints, and the development of 37 plates, 160 rolls of film, and 39 film packs. These were required for illustrations in publica- tions or for record in the National Museum, the National Gallery of Art, and the Bureau of American Ethnology. The Museum labo- ratory, through a cooperative arrangement serves other bureaus of the Smithsonian Institution in their photographic work. There is steady annual increase in the work performed by this important unit in our organization. BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT Building repairs and alterations—In work accomplished in con- nection with the Natural History Building there may be mentioned 28 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 the renewal of a further section of old concrete roadway opposite the east wing connecting with the new section adjoining on the north. There was additional temporary repair work on two sections of road- way leading to the north entrance, and on one on the west side of the building, where asphalt topping was used to fill depressions. Other minor repairs consisted of painting all exterior woodwork of the building in the east court with two coats of lead and oil paint; enlarging the outside door of the whale room in the east court; and painting four galvanized-iron ventilators on the roof of the east court. The need of shrubbery to relieve the barrenness of the approach to the north entrance of the Natural History Building has long been felt, so that it is pleasant to report that in the autumn of 1928, through cooperation of the office of Public Buildings and Public Parks, two beds of evergreens were planted, one on either side of the drive, greatly improving the appearance of this side of the building. In the interior of the Natural History Building a partition was installed across the corridor on the third floor of the west range, cork carpet was laid in the halls of the library, and partitions on the east and south sides of the taxidermy shop were extended to the ceiling. The walls and ceilings in 24 rooms on the ground and third floors were repainted and some of the wooden floors were painted in order to preserve the wood. The lunch room at the west entrance to the Arts and Industries Building was entirely remodeled, the skylight being removed and a solid roof provided. It was decided that the old wooden floor was unsafe so that this was replaced with a cement floor covered with cork carpet, and modern lighting and ventilating appliances were installed. For several years the blacksmith shop, in the base- ment in the southwest corner, has been not only unsatisfactory but unsafe, being directly under the pavement outside of the building. After consultation with the Supervising Architect’s Office the roof was remodeled and strengthened with steel beams supported on brick piers. ‘The wooden floor in the room north of the east entrance was removed and a new concrete floor laid at the same level as that of the main floor of the building. This room is now available for the storage of equipment formerly kept in the vestibule. The rooms on the second floor of the northwest pavilion were painted and the floors refinished. The walls and ceilings in the women’s comfort rooms and the walls and floors in the division of photography were painted, as well as the walls and ceilings below the galleries in the west hall. The most important work on the exterior of the Arts and Industries Building was the repainting of all galvanized-iron cornices and pinnacles on eight range roofs and four pavilions, as REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 29 well as the statuary over the north entrance; and the metal work in the lanterns over the four main halls, the four courts, and the rotunda. Cork carpet was laid on the third floor of Herbarium Hall in the Smithsonian Building, and all exposed portions of the main wooden floor and the floors in the lower rooms at the east end of the hall were repainted. The walls and ceilings in the secretary’s offices and in two rooms of the disbursing office, as well as the walls, wood- work and ceilings of four rooms occupied by the library, also were repainted. . The old Seneca stone walk on the south side of the Smithsonian Institution was removed and a new concrete walk laid. The roof over the east end of the building was repaired, and the ventilators in two skylights over the storage room on the west range were re- modeled. Twenty diamond-mesh grills were made and installed in 10 window openings on the north and south sides of the new gallery in Herbarium Hall. The roof of the Air craft Building was given a coat of metallic paint. The exterior of the south shed, including the roof, gutters, and rain leaders, was thoroughly repaired and painted. Repairs to rotunda dome.—Work on safeguarding the dome above the rotunda in the Natural History Building, provided for under a special appropriation, began at noon, September 12, 1928, under contract with the Hatton Construction Co., when the first load of lumber for the scaffold of a hoisting elevator, which was erected in the west court, arrived. Operations in the rotunda attic were completed on May 9, 1929, and the last of the débris was moved. from the attic on May 14. The work was performed under the efficient direction of the engineers in the office of the Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department. Two great bands of steel were placed around the four huge piers that support the dome, one at the level of the floor of the attic, and one near the tops of the piers in the ceiling above. Between them steel beams were installed extending vertically from band to band behind the piers, with a series of screw jacks between the beams and the bodies of the piers proper. Tension was placed on these jacks in such a way as to bring even strain all around, holding the piers from any possibility of spreading at the top. The delicate operation of adjusting the screw jacks required nearly three weeks for comple- tion and was performed with the cooperation of a corps of engineers from the Bureau of Standards. The work was of a highly special- ized nature and attracted considerable attention from engineers. 30 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 Following this, arrangements were made for the cleaning of the limestone surfaces in the rotunda from the attic level down to the first floor, and in addition all plastered surfaces, including the vaulted arches above the attic floor, the ceilings and side walls in all galleries around the rotunda from the first floor to the attic, and the side walls and ceilings in the two main stairways leading from the ground floor to the attic were painted. This work was in progress at the close of the year. A change in the drainage scheme for waste water from the roof of the dome, now being made, still remains to be completed. The rotunda was closed to visitors on the afternoon of December 1, 1927, remaining thus at the close of the fiscal year. Heat, light, and power plant—The plant for furnishing heat, light, and power to the Museum group of buildings was put in operation September 30, 1928, and was closed down for the summer on May 28, 1929. During the period that the plant was closed the men concerned with its operation took the major part of their leave, while those on duty were occupied in making necessary repairs and changes to put the machinery in proper condition for the balance of the year. The winter was mild, but cool weather continued late into the spring, making it necessary to maintain heat in the build- ings until May 26, 1929. The production of electric current was greater than at any previous time, but the coal consumption was less than last year. There was no unusual expense involved in the upkeep and main- tenance of the engines and generators. Many days during the winter the three large engines were running from morning until late in the afternoon, and at no time when the buildings were open was it pos- sible to produce sufficient electric current without the operation of two engines. There is no doubt that the length of time this plant can produce sufficient electric current for the demands of the Museum and other buildings is very limited, and that steps must be taken in the near future looking either to the elimination of the plant and the purchase of all electric current or the purchase of sufficient cur- rent to make up the difference between the demand and the quantity the plant is capable of producing. Following the usual custom, the Steamboat Inspection Service of the United States Government was requested to examine the boilers. This was done during the latter part of 1928 and all of the boilers were found to be in a fair condition, although a request was made by the inspector that the base of the headers be exposed by the removal of the brick furnace lining, in order that these points could also be examined. This request was complied with and a REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 31 special inspection made during the latter part of June. The two bottom rows of tubes on the four boilers were renewed and the bot- tom of the headers repaired by electric welding. The amount of coal used during the year in the operation of the plant was 3,340 tons, as well as 21 tons of stove coal used in the sum- mer in the hot-water heater in the Natural History Building. The average cost of the coal by the ton for the year was $5.36. The electric current produced during the year totaled 648,863 kilowatt-hours, manufactured at a cost of 1.89 cents for each kilowatt- hour if interest and depreciation of plant are included and 1.63 cents if interest and depreciation are excluded. The amount of electric-current production represents approximately an increase of 45,000 kilowatt-hours over any previous year. The ice plant was in operation 3,940 hours during the year and produced 409 tons of ice at an average cost of $1.80 a ton. This is considerably less than for the past year, due to the fact that there was very little need for repairs. Furniture and fiwtures—The furniture added during the year in- cluded 30 exhibition cases and bases; 179 pieces of storage, labora- tory, office and other furniture; and 1,476 drawers of various kinds. Thirty exhibition cases and bases and 10 pieces of storage cases, laboratory, office and other pieces were condemned and disposed of. An inventory of furniture on hand June 30, 1929, shows 3,737 exhibition cases and bases; 12,747 pieces of storage, office, laboratory, and other furniture; 52,478 wooden unit drawers; 19,737 special drawers; 16,144 standard insect drawers; 1,176 wooden boxes; and 533 wing frames. MEETINGS AND RECEPTIONS The United States National Museum, with its fully equipped audi- torium and lecture room, is precluded by its limited maintenance funds from initiating courses of lectures in its own behalf. It freely offers its meeting facilities, however, to organizations of kindred purposes for their regular and special gatherings, assisting, so far as possible, in carrying out their programs. The auditorium and the lecture room were utilized on 125 occasions during the year. The contacts made and the variety of interests served will be seen from the following list of organizations using these facilities and the names of the speakers with the titles of the lectures delivered: 1928 August 15, 11 a. m. (auditorium) : Orphans’ Pilgrimage. Erie (Pa.) Times. Address of welcome by Dr. A. Wetmore. September 15, 1 p. m. (room 43) : Boy Scouts. 32 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 September 17, 11.30 a. m. (auditcrium): Motion pictures of animals and birds in the private collection of Mr. and Mrs. Victor Evans, under the direc- tion of Dr. A. Wetmore. September 22, 1 p. m. (room 438) : Boy Scouts. October 3, 8 p. m. (auditorium): The Washington Society of Engineers. Dlustrated lecture by Edward P. Warner, Assistant Secretary of the Navy, on “Developing the Flying Boat.” October 4, 8 p. m. (room 43): The Entomological Society of Washington. Addresses by A. H. Clark on “ Butterflies of the District of Columbia” and by H. 8S. Barber on “ Cave and Oother Subterranean Beetles.” October 6, 2 p. m. (auditorium) ;: The National Association of Retired Federal Hmployees. Business meeting. October 6, 3.30 p. m. (room 48) : Boy Scouts. October 9, 4.30 p. m. (room 48): Society for Philosophical Inquiry. October 9, 8 p. m. (room 43): American Horticultural Society. Tllustrated address by Knowles A. Ryerson, of the United States Department of Agri- culture, on “‘A Horticulturist’s Rambles in Palestine.” October 13, 3.30 p. m. (room 43) : Boy Scouts. October 16, 4.45 p. m. (room 438): Anthropological Society of Washington. October 20, 3.30 p. m. (room 43) : Boy Scouts. October 22, 28, 11.15 a. m. and 1.30 p. m. (room 43): Boy Scout Executives of the Scout Councils. Third Regional Hxecutive Seminar. October 27, 3.55 p. m. (room 48) : Boy Scouts. October 29, 11.45 a. m. (room 43): Annual meeting of the Smithsonian Relief Association. November 1, 8 p. m. (room 438): The Entomological Society of Washington. Memorial to Dr. WH. A. Schwarz, by Dr. O. L. Howard; and an illustrated lecture cn “ Some Facts about Chitin ’”’ by Dr. F. L. Campbell. November 3, 2 p. m. (auditorium) : National Association of Retired Federal Employees. Business meeting. November 3, 3.30 p. m. (room 48) : Boy Scouts. November 7, 11.30 a. m. (auditorium) : Forest Service, United States Depart- ment of Agriculture. Illustrated address by Dr. L. O. Howard on “ Habits and Methods of Combating the Gypsy and Brown Tail Moth.” November 7, 8 p. m. (auditorium) : The Washington Society of Hngineers. Illustrated address by Dr. W. L. Calver, chairman of the Field Exploration Committee of the New York Historical Society, on “Exploration of the Crusader Fortress of Montfort in Palestine.” November 10, 3.30 p. m. (room 48) : Boy Scouts. November 13, 4.45 p. m. (room 48): Society for Philosophical Inquiry. November 13, 8 p. m. (room 48): American Horticultural Society. Ilus- trated address by Dr. Edgar T. Wherry on “ Cultivation of Wild Flowers.” November 14, 8 p. m. (room 43): The Wild Flower Preservation Society. Illustrated address by P. L. Ricker on ‘‘ Wild Flowers.” November 17, 3.80 p. m. (room 43): Boy Scouts. November 20, 4.45 p. m. (room 48) : Anthropological Society of Washington. Address by Matthew W. Stirling on “The Acoma Origin and Migration Legend.” November 24, 3.30 p. m. (room 48) : Boy scouts. December 1, 2_p. m. (auditorium) : National Association of Retired Federal Employees. Business meeting. December 1, 3.30 p. m. (room 48): Boy Scouts. REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 ao December 5, 11.30 a. m. (auditorium) : Forest Service, United States Depart- ment of Agriculture. Illustrated address by Dr. John S. Boyce, of the depart- ment, on “ Diseases of Trees.” December 8, 3.30 p. m. (room 43): Boy Scouts. December 11, 4.45 p. m. (room 48): Society for Philosophical Inquiry. December 11, 8 p. m. (room 438): American Horticultural Society. Address by*Miss Marjorie F. Warner, of the United States Department of Agriculture, on “Life Histories of Gardening Books.” December 13, 8 p. m. (room 43): The Entomological Society of Washington. Business meeting and addresses by Dr. Paul Bartsch on “ Field Hxperiences with Cuban Insects,” and Dr. N. E. McIndoo on “ 'Tropisms and Sense Organs of Lepidoptera.” December 15, 3.30 p. m. (room 48): Boy Scouts. December 15, 5 p. m. (room 43) : The Helminthological Society. December 22, 3.30 p. m. (room 43) : Boy Scouts. 1929 January 2, 3, 4, 5, 10 a. m. (room 43): Bureau of Fisheries, United States Department of Commerce. Biennial conference of the Division of Scientific Inquiry. January 3, 8 p. m. (room 438): The Entomological Society of Washington. Business meeting, with addresses by visiting entomologists and notes and exhi- bition of specimens. January 5, 2 p. m. (auditorium): National Association of Retired Federal Employees. January 8, 4.30 p. m. (room 48) : Society for Philosophical Inquiry. January 8, 8 p. m. (room 43): American Horticultural Society. Illustrated lecture by F. L. Mulford on “ Growing of Roses.” January 9, 11 a. m. (auditorium) : Motion pictures of Hawaiian birds shown under auspices of Dr. A. Wetmore. January 12, 11 a. m. (room 438) : Howard University medical students, under auspices of Dr. Paul Bartsch. Address by Dr. Harrison G. Dyar on “ Mos- quitoes.” January 14, 11 a. m. (room 48): Boy Scouts of America. Third Regional Scout Executive Seminar. January 15, 4.45 p. m. (room 48) : Anthropological Society of Washington. January 17, 7.30 p. m. (auditorium) : The Wild Flower Preservation Society. Motion pictures shown of birds and wild flowers. January 19, 11 a. m. (room 43) : Howard University students, under auspices of Dr. Paul Bartsch. Illustrated lecture by Dr. H. E. Ewing on “ Microbes and Insects.” January 19, 3.30 p. m. (room 48): Boy Scouts. Illustrated lecture by Dr. William FE. Foshag on his trip to Mexico. January 19, 5 p. m. (room 43): The Helminthological Society. January 26, 11 a. m. (room 48) : Howard University Medical Students. Ad- dress by Dr. J. M. Aldrich on “Insects and Their Relation to Medicine.” January 26, 4.30 p. m. (room 43): Boy Scouts. Illustrated lecture by Dr. Ray S. Bassler on “Cave Exploration in Hurope and America.” January 30, 5 p. m. (auditorium): Harly Birds. Lecture by Dr. A. Wet- more on “ Birds in the Hawaiian Islands,” illustrated with motion pictures ‘and lantern slides. 34 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 February 2, 2 p. m. (auditorium) : National Association of Retired Federal Employees. Business meeting. February 2, 3.30 p. m. (room 43) : Boy Scouts. February 6, 11.80 a. m. (auditorium): Forest Service, United States De- partment of Agriculture. Illustrated address by P. G. Redington on “ Alaska.” February 7, 8 p. m. (room 43): The Entomological Society of Washington. Addresses by S. A. Rohwer, retiring president, on ‘“ Economical Aspects “of Taxonomic Entomology,’ and by W. H. White on “The A B C of Crop Ento- mology.” February 9, 3.30 p. m. (room 43) : Boy Scouts. February 12, 4.30 p. m. (room 48): Society for Philosophical Inquiry. February 16, 3.30 p. m. (room 43) : Boy Scouts. February 22, 3.30 p. m. (auditorium) : Patriotic meeting, under auspices of the Masonie Clubs of the District of Columbia. Address by Congressman C. A. Woodrum, of Virginia, on “George Washington”; music furnished by Masonie Band. February 23, 3.30 p. m. (room 48): Boy Scouts. February 28, 8 p. m. (auditorium): Potomac Garden Club. Business Meeting. March 2, 2 p. m. (auditorium): National Association of Retired Federal Employees. March 2, 3.30 p. m. (room 48) : Boy Scouts. March 8, 8 p. m. (room 48): The Hntomological Society of Washington. Address by Dr. William Schaus on “ Collecting Butterflies in the American Tropics,’ with notes and exhibitions of specimens. March 9, 3.30 p. m. (room 43): Boy Scouts. March 12, 4.30 p. m. (room 48): Society for Philosophical Inquiry. March 16, 3.380 p. m. (room 43): Boy Scouts. March 16, 5 p. m. (room 43) : Helminthological Society. March 19, 4.80 p. m. (room 43): Anthropological Society of Washington. March 21, 2.30 p. m. (auditorium) : Geological Survey, United States Depart- ment of the Interior. Fiftieth anniversary celebration. March 21, 8 p. m. (room 43): The Wild Flower Preservation Society. IMus- trated address by Dr. Edgar T. Wherry on “ Wild Flowers.” March 30, 3.30 p. m. (room 48): Boy Scouts. April 4, 8 p. m. (room 438) : The Entomological Society of Washington. Illus- trated address by F. M. Wadley on “ Chiggers” and address by H. H. Hwing with notes and exhibition of specimens. April 6, 11 a. m. (auditorium) : Motion pictures shown under the auspices of Dr. A. Wetmore. April 6, 2 p. m. (auditorium) : The National Association of Retired Federal Employees. Business meeting. April 6, 3.30 p. m. (room 43): Boy Scouts. April 9, 4.30 p. m. (room 438): The Society for Philosophical Inquiry. April 13, 3.30 p. m. (room 438): Boy Scouts. April 16, 4.45 p. m. (room 43): Anthropological Society. Address by Rey. Beard Haile on “ Life Among the Navajo Indians.” April 17, 7 p. m. (auditorium) : Farmers of Maryland, Virginia, and District of Columbia. Business organization meeting. April 17, 8 p. m. (room 43) : The Wild Flower Preservation Society. Address by Alvah Godding on ‘ Trees.” April 20, 3.30 p. m. (room 48) : Boy Scouts. REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 35 April 24, 8 p. m. (auditorium): The Washington Society of Engineers. Address by Dr. Theodore Rheiboch on “ Hydraulics and Hydraulic Laboratory,” illustrated with lantern slides and motion pictures. April 25, 10.30 a. m. (auditorium): Sixth national oratorical contest. Addresses made by the following contestants: James Leonard Butsch, of St. John’s College; Miss Mary Eugina Hardy, of Takoma-Silver Spring High School; and Cary Howard Blackwell, of Alexandria High School. April 27, 3.30 p. m. (room 48): Boy Scouts. May 1, 11.30 a. m. (auditorium) : Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Motion pictures on forestry were shown. May 2, 8 p. m. (room 48): The Entomological Society of Washington. Address by Dr. C. L. Marlatt on ‘The Mediterranean Fruit Fly Situation in Florida,” with discussions by members, and notes and exhibition of specimens. May 4, 2 p. m. (auditorium): The National Association of Retired Federal Employees. Business meeting. May 4, 3.30 p. m. (room 438): Boy Scouts. May 11, 3.30 p. m. (room 43): Boy Scouts. May 11, 8 p. m. (auditorium) : The Biological Society of Washington. Illus- trated lecture by Dr. F. A. Varrelman on “Action of Cells.’ May 14, 4.30 p. m. (room 43) : The Society for Philosophical Research. May 14, 8 p. m. (room 48): American Horticultural Society. Address by B. Y. Morrison on “ Flowers.” May 18, 3.30 p. m. (room 48): Boy Scouts. May 18, 5 p. m. (room 438) : The Helminthological Society. May 21, 2 p. m. (auditorium) : The fifth annual national spelling bee. First prize won by Miss Virginia Hogan, representing the Omaha World Herald; - second prize by Miss Viola Strbaec, representing the Milwaukee Journal; and third prize by Teru Hayashi, representing the Atlantic City Press. May 25, 3.30 p. m. (room 43) : Boy Scouts. May 28, 11 a. m. (auditorium) : Public Schools, Divisions I-IX, and Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Talk by Dr. H. A. Smith, of the department, on’ “ Protection of Forests,” illustrated by motion pictures. May 28, 8.15 p. m. (room 48) : Botanical Society of Washington. Illustrated lecture by Dr. Reginald Buller on ‘“ Botany.” May 29, 3.30 p. m. (auditorium): The Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States, Federal Post No. 824, United States Department of Agriculture. Annual memorial services for deceased veterans of the Department of Agri- eulture. Music by the United States Navy Band. June 1, 2 p. m. (auditorium) : National Association of Retired Federal Em- ployees. Business meeting. June 3, 4, 9.30 a. m. (room 43): Public Health Service, Treasury Depart- ment. Twenty-seventh annual conference of State and Territorial Health Officers with the Public Health Service. June 6, 8 p. m. (room 43) : The Entomological Society of Washington. Ad- dresses by L. O. Howard on ‘‘ Observations on Some Hntomologists and Their Work on a Recent Western Trip,” illustrated with lantern slides, and by R. H Snodgrass on “‘ Reviews of Some Huropean Literature on Insect Morphology” and notes and exhibition of specimens. June 8, 1 p. m. (room 48): Boy Scouts. June 15, 1 p. m. (room 48): Boy Scouts. June 19 to 25, 9 a. m. (auditorium and room 43) : Extension Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Conference of the National Farm Boys 36 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 and Girls 4H Club Camp. Conferences were held and addresses made by C. W. Warburton, director of extension; by C. B. Smith, chief officer of coop- eration extension work; John Alexander, director of the American Young Foundation; Representative Ruth Bryan Owens, of Florida; R. W. Dunlap, Assistant Secretary of Agriculture; and Leonard W. Kephart, of the depart- ment. On the evening of June 25 a pageant was given which, on account of rain, could not be held on the Department of Agriculture grounds, as originally planned. June 20, 8 p. m. (room 43) : Vivarium Society. June 20 to 28, 9 a. m. (auditorium and room 43) : The American Dairy Science Association. Address of welcome by A. F. Woods, of the United States De- partment of Agriculture, and meetings each day. June 28, 8.15 p. m. (auditorium): The Aero Club of Washington. Motion pictures. Memorial meetings—A memorial meeting was held in room 48 on the afternoon of October 16, 1928, at 3.30 to commemorate the services to the institution and to science of the late Dr. Eugene A. Schwarz. Doctor Wetmore was chairman, and among those who addressed the meeting were Doctors Wetmore, Howard, Aldrich, Bartsch, Mr. Rohwer, and others. On March 26, 1929, at 3 p. m., a.memorial meeting was held in room 43 in commemoration of the services of the late Robert Ridg- way. Doctor Wetmore served as chairman and addresses were made by Doctors Palmer, Fisher, Stejneger, and Bartsch and Messrs. H. W. Dorsey and B. A. Bean. Receptions and special exhibitions—On the afternoon of May 16, 1929, from 4.30 to 6 p. m. an informal reception was tendered by the Secretary and Mrs. Abbot for the staff and employees of the Smithsonian Institution and its branches, and the adult members of their families, in the main hall, first floor, of the Smithsonian Building. In the receiving line with the Secretary and Mrs. Abbot were Doctor and Mrs. Wetmore and Mrs. Charles D. Walcott. An exhibit of the work of students in the Department of Architec- ture of the George Washington University was held in the Natural History Building from April 21 to May 6, 1928. Twenty-two full- length and four half-length screens were used, on which were dis- played colored and black and white drawings, water colors, pencil and pen and ink sketches, and working drawings. From May 15 to 27, 1929, there was displayed in the Natural His- tory Building an exhibition, by negro artists, assembled under the auspices of the Harmon Foundation and shown under the patronage of the committee on race relations of the Washington Federation of Churches. The exhibit was composed of oil paintings, drawings, and pieces of sculpture, among which were included busts of promi- nent members of the Negro race. REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 on CHANGES IN ORGANIZATION AND STAFF Changes in the organization and staff during the year have been comparatively few, personnel conditions having been improved by the Welch Act amending the classification act of 1923, which went into effect on July 1, 1928. Nearly all of the Museum employees were previously in the first or second salary step of their respective grades, and thus received the 2-step promotion under the Welch Act, in addition to which the majority also received an efficiency promotion. This has tended to a more stable personnel, the changes in the scientific staff being few. At the close of the fiscal year the work of the Museum was car- ried on by 47 professional and scientific employees, 42 subprofes- sional employees, 41 clerical, administrative, and fiscal workers, and 181.5 in the custodial service—311 in all. In addition, some 54 other specialists hold honorary appointments in the Museum, many of these devoting much time to work on the national collections. A cooperative arrangement was entered into between the Museum and the Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, by which the bureau has undertaken the maintenance of the C. G. Lloyd mycological collection, agreeing to keep it as a separate unit in steel cases in a fireproof building and to so arrange it that it may be of maximum usefulness to professional students of fungi. Dr. John A. Stevenson, of the bureau staff, was on July 16, 1928, given an honorary appointment in the Museum as custodian of this collection. Other changes in the division of plants consisted of the appointment on November 16, 1928, of two aides, Conrad V. Morton and Egbert H. Walker, both of whom had served the Mu- seum previously in a temporary capacity. Albert C. Smith was given an honorary appointment as collaborator for one year, begin- ning February 15, 1929. W.J. Dennis was given a similar appoint- ment on March 1, 1929, for a period of nine months. In the division of mammals, a newly created position of assistant curator was filled on August 2, 1928, by the appointment of Dr. Rem- ington Kellogg, by transfer from the Biological Survey, United States Department of Agriculture. In the division of insects the interest and valued voluntary aid of J. T. Barnes were recognized by his appointment on May 11, 1929, to the honorary position of collaborator in the section of lepi- doptera. In the divisions of mineral and mechanical technology, Frank A. Taylor was advanced on August 1, 1928, from aid to assistant curator, 38 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 The library staff was strengthened by the establishment of a posi- tion of assistant librarian, in immediate charge of the accessions de- partment of the library, to which place Miss Ethel A. L. Lacy was appointed on September 17, 1928. W. L. Brown was eee to the position of chief taxidermist with general oversight of the work of the taxidermy shop. Te employees left the service through provisions of the re- tirement act: William H. Kimball, on June 29, 1929, after a total Government service of about 46 years nearly 45 of which were in the National Museum, the last 38 years as its finance clerk; and Robert Stokes on June i1, 1929, after a service of 28 years on the Museum labor force. Mr. Kimball left a record for reliability and faithful attention to duty which will be hard to surpass. The Museum lost, through death during the year, six of its ac- tice workers and four members of its honorary scientific staff as follows: Robert Ridgway, curator of birds, on March 25, 1929; Capt. John Donnell Smith, associate in botany on December 2, 1928; Dr. E. A. Schwarz, custodian of coleoptera on October 15, 1928; Dr. Harrison G. Dyar, custodian of lepidoptera, January 21, 1929; H. K. Harring, custodian of rotatoria on December 19, 1928; Charles K. Mirguet, taxidermist, on February 20, 1929; Mrs. E. Bennett Decker, clerk-illustrator, on August 29, 1928; Eustance S. Bran- non, watchman, on September 30, 1928; Frank Smith, laborer, on November 16, 1928; and William T. Murray, laborer, on June 9, 1929. Robert Ridgway, ornithologist of the National Museum from 1874 to 1881, and curator of the division of birds since the latter date, died March 25, 1929, after an illness of one day. Mr. Ridg- way was born at Mount Carmel, Ill., on July 2, 1850, and from his earliest youth was deeply interested in the subject of birds and in their portrayal by means of colors of his own manufacture. In 1864 he learned of Professor Baird, in Washington, and sent him some drawings for identification. He was delighted to get the draw- ings back, properly named, with a letter and some pamphlets, in- eluding Baird’s Catalogue of Birds of North America, issued in 1858. Correspondence was continued with Professor Baird, who in- 1867 recommended him for the place of naturalist on the survey of the fortieth parallel, under Clarence King, an appointment he eagerly accepted, and for two years he was engaged in field work in the West. Upon his return he was busy preparing a report on his collections, and was also associated with Professor Baird and Dr. T. M. Brewer on a large undertaking—the “History of North American Birds,” of which three volumes (“The Land Birds”) REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 39 were published early in 1874 and two others (“The Water Birds”’) in 1884. Mr. Ridgway continued his interest in bird portraiture and illus- trated some of the important reports of the day. He was an adept in the use of colors, of which he had made a deep study, and brought out two works on the subject, the “ Nomenclature of Colors” in 1886 and the “Color Standards and Color Nomenclature” in 1912. In addition to ornithology, Mr. Ridgway was much interested in botany and horticulture. His last important work was the “ Birds of North and Middle America,” of which eight volumes were pub- lished between 1901 and 1919, and he was engaged on the ninth and tenth volumes of this work at the time of his death. His writings are voluminous and extensive and form such important contributions to his branch of science that he has been recognized as the foremost ornithologist of his day. Friendly, but unassuming in personality, always modest and re- tiring in disposition, Mr. Ridgway was on the most cordial terms with all who came to know him. The rapidity with which he advanced from an unknown youth to one of the chief authorities on North American birds seems at this distant day an achievement almost incredible. Capt. John Donnell Smith, associate in botany, died at his home in Baltimore, Md., December 2, 1928. Born in Baltimore, June 5, 1829, Captain Smith at the time of his death was the oldest living eraduate of Yale University, and lacked but a few months of round- ing out a full hundred years. Following his service as captain of artillery in the Confederate Army in 1864 and 1865 he entered bus- iness, retiring in the early eighties to devote himself to botanical studies, in which he had long been interested. He gave special atten- tion to the flora of Central America, and, beside making large collec- tions personally in Guatamala and Costa Rica, encouraged others to carry on botanical investigations in the same field. In this way, 'and through exchange with important foreign and American her- baria, to which specimens were distributed by him very freely, Captain Smith assembled a herbarium of more than 100,000 speci- mens, notably rich in material from Central and South America, which served as the basis of many published papers in which he described hundreds of new species from Central America. In 1905, his herbarium and invaluable library were presented to the Smith- sonian Institution, both adding immeasurably to the value of the national botanical collections. To those who were fortunate enough to know Captain Smith and to enjoy his courteous hospitality his death has brought a deep 75876—29_44 40 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 sense of personal loss. Professionally his service to the science of botany was of the highest type, for in addition to distinguished technical accomplishment he possessed special ability in the lan- guages. His collections will long stand as a monument to his un- selfish devotion to botany. Dr. E. A. Schwarz, custodian of the section of coleoptera, an honorary fellow of the Entomological Society of America, died in Washington on October 15, 1928, at the age of 84 years and 6 months. Of that long life, 55 years were spent in this country, and more than 50 of those years in the service of the United States Government. Doctor Schwarz was born at Liegnitz, Silesia, April 21, 1844. As a boy he became interested in entomology and later was a student at the University of Breslau and the University of Leipzig. In December, 1872, he came to the United States and became an assistant to H. A. Hagen at Cambridge, Mass. In 1874 he went with H. G. Hubbard to Detroit, where they founded the Detroit Scientific — Association and built up a collection of insects. With Hubbard he made explorations in Florida and in the Lake Superior region, and published papers on the coleoptera of those regions. In the summer of 1878, on recommendation of Dr. J. L. LeConte, he became an assistant to C. V. Riley in Washington in the closing work of the United States Entomological Commission. On November 15, 1878, he was definitely appointed an assistant in the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture, where he remained until August 27, 1926, when he was pensioned and retired for age. Doctor Schwarz was one of the most learned entomologists in the United States. He was an exceedingly close observer, a great collec- tor, and a very broad student of entomology, attracted to both the taxonomic and the biological sides of the study of insects. He was a great mine of information and was constantly consulted by the younger men about him. He published no magnum opus, but very many short papers, all of great merit. He shunned publicity, and yet he was known among the entomologists of this country, and of other countries as well, as a man of very great learning and of the highest standing. His influence on the character of American entomology was very great. Dr. Harrison Gray Dyar, custodian of the section of lepidoptera, was born in New York City, February 14, 1866. He was educated at the Roxbury Latin School, at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and at Columbia University. He took his bachelor’s degree at the Massachusetts institute in 1889. In 1893 he returned and took the last year of its biology course, going the following summer to Woods Hole. He then went to Columbia University, gaining his A. M. in 1894 and his Ph. D. in 1895. In 1894 he pub- REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 41 lished an important paper on the classification of lepidopterous larvae, which attracted the attention of entomologists, and, meeting him in 1897, Dr. L. O. Howard invited him to come to Washington. The invitation was accepted and he became custodian of the collec- tion of lepidoptera in the United States National Museum, a place which he still held at his death. For a comparatively short period he was in charge of the whole of the insect collections of the Museum. When the attention of the world turned to mosquitoes as the result of the discoveries concerning their disease-bearing function, Doctor Dyar began to study mosquito larvae—at first because they were larvae and he had been studying intensely the larvae of another eroup of insects. Later he saw the importance of this stage to a thorough understanding of the Culicidae, and from this he be- came interested in everything about mosquitoes. He was associated with L. O. Howard and F. Knab in the preparation of a monograph on the mosquitoes of North and Central America and the West Indies for the Carnegie Institution of Washington. Many important papers on diptera and lepidoptera came from his pen and he was recognized as a foremost authority in his field. His life was one of intense scientific activity and one which undoubtedly has made important contributions to human knowl- edge. Mr. Harry K. Harring, custodian of rotatoria, died December 19, 1928. He was born on December 20, 1871, at Nykjobing, Denmark, graduated from the high school, and, following that from the Technical School at Skanderborg, Denmark. For four years follow- ing his graduation, he was employed in the design and manufacture of physical and chemical apparatus for school and college labora- tories. He came to the United States in 1893, and prior to coming to the Bureau of Standards held a place with the Portland Automatic Scale Co., Portland, Me. At an early date Mr. Harring became interested in the micro- scopic life of the fresh waters, and, singling out the rotifers, through painstaking and assiduous study became one of the outstanding specialists in his chosen field. His thorough acquaintance with the literature of the smaller fresh-water and marine organisms led, with the foundation of Biological Abstracts, to his choice as editor for the section rotatoria, gastrotricha, and chaetognatha for that periodical. Mr. Harring was employed as expert technician in the instrument shop at the Bureau of Standards, where his special project was the improvement of the process of ruling of diffraction gratings, for which he seemed to be especially fitted. At the time of his death he was on the threshold of producing gratings on a parity with the marvelous ones made by Rowland, of Johns Hopkins, which have 42 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 never been duplicated or equaled. But the rotifers withal were his recreation and his hobby, to which he gave the spare time of his waking hours, ever far into the night. His untimely death brought to a close his valuable labors on “The Rotifers of Wisconsin,” in collaboration with Frank J. Myers, of Ventnor, N. J. This series of papers was much more monographic in scope than the title indicates, and was in a fair way a handbook for these forms for the world, embellished as it was with incomparable drawings, numerous origi- nal notes and observations, and extensive references to the litera- ture of the group. A round dozen of papers on rotifers came from his pen. He was always busy, making each day yield its return in produc- tive work to the utmost, ever friendly, kindly, and helpful. His passing leaves a gap in our active staff and a place among his friends in the institution which can never be filled. DETAILED REPORTS ON THE COLLECTIONS REPORT ON THE DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY By Watter Hoven, Head Curator INTRODUCTION The work of this department during the past year has progressed satisfactorily, bringing many valuable additions to the collections. Explorations in the field by members of the force, which have in- creased materially in scope and importance, have yielded much information of value, and promise still greater return as they are organized under a plan that is annually expanding as larger funds for their prosecution become available. During the past year field investigations were prosecuted in the Dominican Republic by H. W. Krieger through the cooperation of Dr. W. L. Abbott; in the Bering Sea region of Alaska, particularly on St. Lawrence Island, by Henry B. Collins, jr.; and in Arizona and New Mexico, by Neil M. Judd, The head curator made a reconnaissance in west Texas, examining Pueblo remains at Amarillo and finds indicating antiquity at Abilene. At the close of the fiscal year Doctor Hrdlitka, Mr. Col- lins, and Mr. Judd were again in the field engaged in activities that will of necessity be reported on later. ACCESSIONS FOR THE YEAR Accessions in this department for the year numbered 92, with a total of 5,329 specimens. While the accessions are fewer than last year, the number of specimens is far beyond the annual average of the past decade. As the material obtained was in the main collected by expert explorers of the force working in the field, its quality and value are excellent. In ethnology 39 accessions comprised 4,257 specimens. Most of the objects received came from without the territory of the United States, while from within the States proper the largest collection was from the Hupa Indians of northern California, acquired by transfer from the Bureau of American Ethnology. Alaska supplied the bulk of specimens from any one geographical area, material from this field including a collection made by Henry B. Collins, jr., from sta- tions on Punuk and St. Lawrence Islands, and from ancient sites on the northwestern coast of the mainland of the Territory. This material is the largest collection of a historical-archeological nature ever obtained by the Museum in one season from the Bering Sea 43 44 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 region. It supplies a cross section of early Eskimo culture and is of supreme importance in tracing the history of the Eskimo in western Alaska. A small collection from southeast Alaska, acquired by pur- chase from C. H. Popenoe, consists of a ceremonial dance robe and armlets of the Chilkat Indians of Lynn Canal, woven from goat fleece and painted with decorative designs of a totemic nature in black, yellow, and green. Next in the order of their importance in this division are collec- tions from the Belgian Congo and Nigeria in Africa. The Congo collection comes as a gift from Rev. Ellen I. Burk, while the Nigerian and Gold Coast collection is the gift of C. C. Roberts, both being material of an important kind hitherto unrepresented in our series. The collections of E. S. Haskell, M. D. Steever, and others, from the Philippine Islands are scarcely less important than the collection of miscellaneous historical, ethnological, and archeological cbjects col- lected by Dr. David C. Graham from Szechuan Province, China. A collection of Chinese brides’ headdresses of interesting form was received by transfer from the Bureau of Biological Survey, United States Department of Agriculture. These headdresses are interest- ing examples of cloisonné or appliqué featherwork on a metal base. Through an exchange with A. S. Kenyon, of Melbourne, Australia, there was acquired a miscellaneous collection of decorative art work on wood, stone, and shell, and in basketry. Stone and wooden mes- sage sticks, “churingas,” and an assortment of throwing sticks, in- cluding decorated boomerangs, illustrate a high degree of develop- ment in conventional and totemic art. In archeology there was a falling off of receipts, the 37 accessions totaling 351 specimens, against 892 in the previous year. Among those obtained the following are worthy of special notice: Fifteen earthenware vessels found in a burial cave near Green Island Post Office, Jamaica, and presented, through C. R. Orcutt, by Charles A. Sangster, Abingdon, Hanover, Jamaica; 7 specimens, including a reed basket and cover, from a rock shelter on Wolf Creek, near Ono, Russell County, Ky., acquired by purchase from J. M. Flanagan; 181 flint and stone implements, bone and copper beads, and similar things collected by Charles Beckman, Arlington, Oreg., from vari- ous sites along the Columbia River in Washington and presented by him to the national collections; an earthenware bowl with incised curvilinear decorations, found on Santa Rosa Island, near Pensacola, Fla., and acquired by purchase from Landon Clark; and 22 lots of stone implements collected by Dr. Walter Hough in the vicinity of Abilene, Tex. Seven accessions, in all 488 specimens, came from the Old World, as follows: A series of 304 specimens collected by Dr. George Grant MacCurdy, director of the American School of Prehistoric Re- REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 45 search, from sites at La Madelaine and Castel Merle (near Sergeac), Dordogne, France, and received as a loan from the Archaeological Society of Washington; 3 plaster casts of a pottery cup exhumed by J. Townsend Russell, jr.. Washington, D. C., from No. 1 dolmen of Bars, Commune of St. Martin L’Ars, department of Vienne, France, and loaned for the purpose of reproductions; 3 lots totaling 175 objects, mostly of earthenware, gathered from supposedly Han Dynasty caves near Chia-ting, Szechuan Province, China, by Rev. David C. Graham, of Suifu, Szechuan, and forwarded by him for the national collections; 2:Babylonian cuneiform tablets, lent by A. H. Blackiston; and 4 marble carvings received in exchange from K. W. Keyser. In physical anthropology the accessions were of average amount and value. The most important specimen received was a well-pre- served male adult skull from the old river bank at Bonasila on the Yukon. This was exposed by erosion toward the end of the summer of 1928 and collected and sent in by Harry Lawrence, of Anvik, Alaska, who has been urged to watch the bank during times of low water. A valuable addition to our western Eskimo material was made by the collection secured during 1928 on Punuk and St. Lawrence Islands and on the Seward Peninsula by Henry B. Col- lins, jr. A very valuable accession in ancient remains of man came through the receipt, in exchange, from Oxford University, through Prof. Arthur Thomson, of casts of the child’s skull and lower jaw recently discovered at Gibraltar. Another valuable accession con- sists of 10 first-class Labrador Eskimo masks, received in exchange from Prof. V. Suk, of the University of Brno, Brno, Moravia. These are the only masks of these Eskimo in existence. In addition to the masks, Professor Suk also sent, as part of the same exchange, a valuable series of older Moravian skulls. INSTALLATION AND PRESERVATION OF COLLECTIONS In ethnology, Mr. Krieger reports that particular effort has been made to maintain certain flexible exhibits through the installation of temporary displays from time to time, and through a periodic rotation of storage and exhibit material in certain cases. New ma- terial has been placed on view to improve or to add to Museum exhibits already installed, and occasionally has replaced old speci- mens either wholly or in part. Labels have been prepared and placed with all new exhibits. Where newly acquired collections were installed all objects subject to attack by moths and insects were poisoned for their protection. Three loan exhibits, the Navaho silversmith group, the Zuni potters, and the Sioux Indian warrior and Sioux Indian woman group, were renovated and placed again on exhibition. Various exhibits of primitive technology, known as 46 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 the “synoptic exhibits,” were removed and reinstalled from time to time to accommodate the shifting floor arrangement. Major ex- hibits added to the floor installation in hall 8 include the objects collected by Rev. David C. Graham in Szechuan Province, China, and the India shawl of Mrs. W. S. Cunningham. In hall 7 the collection of C. C. Roberts, from Nigeria and the Gold Coast of | West Africa, was installed in a separate case. Primitive Australian weapons and armor acquired through exchange with the Public Library Museum and Art Galley, Perth, Australia, and from William Lilly and K. R. Moure, were installed in the Australian case in hall 7. Additional miscellaneous objects of minor oriental art collected by Mrs. H. Foster Bain were placed in hali 8 with the balance of her collection that is there installed. Other smaller collections placed on view include the following: Ceremonial dance robe and armlets from the Chilkat Indians; jewelry and other brasswork of the Bontoc-Igorot of northern Luzon; headdresses worn by Chinese brides, and illustrating ap- pliqué featherwork; Peruvian bows and arrows, presented by Miss Jennie M. Ballou; bull-roarers from the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, collected by Capt. J. G. Bourke, United States Army, and presented by Mrs. A. W. Maish; woven and beaded belt. given by Red Jacket, Seneca chief, to Thompson Steele Harris, chaplain, United States Navy, at Niagara Falls during President. Tyler’s administration, 1841-1845. and presented to the Museum by W. T. Clerk. Much of the Hupa collection acquired this year through transfer from the Bureau of American Ethnology will later be exhibited in hall 11 with other ethnological objects of the Hupa. The figure of a Wachaga man from southeast Africa was removed from a nonstandardized black case and placed with two other lay figures of Hast Africans. Temporary removal of alk ethnological exhibits from the second and third floors of the rotunda was required while these corridors were being cleaned. The textile case in the Ward African collection, the fur robe of the Zulu figure, the bamboo floor of the Dyak family group case, and the Hupa family group in hall 11 were treated with preservatives to prevent the attacks of insects. Rearrangement of the exhibits in the two centrally placed pagodas in hall 8 begun last year after the with- drawal of the General Humphrey collection of Chinese porcelains and bronzes was completed during the current year. “ Miss Japan ” and her collection of doll’s accessories were reinstalled after being temporarily recalled by the office of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America. In this case the use of black letters on gold and the odd size of the label, also the continued series of labeling, starting at the left, are innovations. ee a oe ] ; : REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 47 The present status of the collections is substantially that of 12 months ago. No additional storage facilities were arranged, and exhibits, with exception of the minor changes here listed, remain as at the close of the previous fiscal year. Housing, care, and classification of objects in storage will need attention for better arrangement soon. The division of archeology accomplished much during the year in installation and preservation of specimens. Neil M. Judd, cura- tor, reports that during the summer of 1928 Henry B. Roberts, grad- uate student in anthropology at Harvard University, was employed as temporary assistant in archeology. His efforts were devoted wholly to revision of our Latin-American exhibits, chiefly those from Mexico. In consequence of this able assistance all of our Mexi- can material—both in the exhibition and study series—is now rear- ranged according to recognized cultural types. In addition, a col- lection of funerary offerings discovered by Dr. Edward Palmer in 1888 in a burial cave near the Bay of Angeles, Lower California, has been placed on view for the first time. The replica of the monu- mental serpent columns from a doorway in the so-called “ Castle,” the principal temple at the Maya city of Chichen Itza, Yucatan, was transferred from the basement to the Mexican hall. Our series of casts and models of Maya and Aztec temples and stelae was ar- ranged to place them in closer proximity to lesser antiquities from the same regions. Temporary changes have also been made in the exhibits from several South American Republics, chiefly from Peru. Despite plans for regrouping and reinstallation, only minor changes were made in our United States exhibits, because the laboratory work tables were continuously occupied by other collections and routine work in hand. Mr. Paine continued the task of identifying and transferring into their respective States study series accessions pre- viously received, but not properly identified by catalogue numbers. Progress was made in the preparation of Dr. F. H. H. Roberts’s Colorado collection, a task, slow at best, that has been prolonged, owing chiefly to lack of sufficient table space on which to sort and assemble the thousands of potsherds and other artifacts involved. This collection comprises the first comprehensive series ever gathered from Pueblo I ruins. Mrs. Loos was occupied for most of her time during the year with the division’s card records, a task to which the curator and his assistants have devoted much time since 1912, which was completed as the fiscal year came to a close. For the first time all the division’s records are now in serviceable order. On December 1, 1928, James Townsend Russell, jr., of Washing- tion, D. C., was appointed temporary assistant in archeology, and began the task of classifying material previously received from the Archaeological Society of Washington, work that was continued 48 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 only until December 10, when personal affairs interrupted and pre- vented resumption of Mr. Russell’s duties in the division. In addi- tion to this, during the year the collection from prehistoric sites in France was gone over carefully and brought up to date, the identifi- cation, classification, cataloguing, and numbering of the material being carried on by Mr. Russell. : Doctor Hrdlicka reports for the division of physical anthropology that there were installed six cases of new exhibits: 3 on variation in: the jaws and teeth; 1 of excellent casts of new remains of early man3. and 2 of bronzed facial masks, 1 of Eskimo, and 1 of African negroes.. In addition, there was installed an exhibit showing semipathological deformities of the skull. Other additions of importance were made: to existing exhibits. As to the study collections, there was a slow but steady progress in cataloguing. Much preparatory work in this. line was done on the very valuable Huntington collection, which contains the skeletal remains of over 1,500 well-identified white- Americans. In the collection of musical instruments the American pianos of the Hugo Worch collection were all provided with labels, and label- ing the remainder is in progress. ‘The supervision of the collection by George D. McCoy was continued. In the section of ceramics gifts were received from Mrs. May Priaulx Haynes of five specimens of Staffordshire vases; from Mrs. Holtzman Tolson of five period china cream pitchers of much in- terest; and from Miss Margaret A. R. Stottlemeyer, of Frederick, Md., a fine Bennington pitcher of 1849. The art textile collection was removed in its entirety to the north- west basement range of the Natural History Building, where it was arranged in excellent order by R. A. Allen. The new location is: far superior in exhibition conditions to that of the former situation: in the old Museum. During the year the laces in this collection were identified by an expert and labels printed and placed on the specimens. The anthropological laboratory, under the direction of W. H. Egberts, carried out a much-increased program of work for the de- partment, for the art gallery, and incidentally for other sections of the Museum. Progress was made on a carved-wood model of Pueblo: Bonito, on a scale of 1 inch to 20 feet, for the division of archeology.. INVESTIGATION AND RESEARCH In ethnology, research by members of the staff was restricted for the most part to the study of new material obtained on exploring and collecting trips. Publications on the Eskimo art of western Alaska, on the Choctaw and Calusa Indians of Mississippi and * REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 49 Florida by Henry B. Collins, jr., and on the material culture of the aborigines of the Dominican Republic and on the Indian villages of the southeast by Herbert W. Krieger, are the direct result of research of this type. Other research projects, based not on ex- ploration but on Museum collections, resulting in publications, are on Indian costumes in the United States National Museum by Her- bert W. Krieger, and on the pterion by Henry B. Collins, jr. Dr. Walter Hough studied the “ Folsom culture,” and wrote articles based on the following research projects: The development of fire culture, fixity of racial art, the buffalo as a culture animal, origin of seating furniture, and on aspects of the origin and development of agriculture. Researches by investigators outside the Museum, based on Mu- seum material, were made on blowguns, on the ethnology of Panama, Rio Grande, and other Pueblo pottery, distribution of the swastika design in aboriginal America, Lolo armor, the Ward African col- lection, Acoma Pueblo music, Klamath and Hupa ethnology, Eskimo lamps, decorated wooden pipes from the Pacific northwest coast, basketry from Malaysia (Abbott collection), on the textiles of the Southwest, on methods of work employed in the division by several students and scientists, and on methods used in the anthropological jaboratory by several students. The Patent Office was aided again this year in its search regarding priority of primitive inventions. Opium pipes were identified for the Bureau of Customs, and the Bureau of Customs and the General Post Office were aided in the appraisal of antiques. Others were given assistance whenever possible to the extent of our resources. Mr. Li, a student from Korea, was aided in his study of the Ameri- ¢can Indian; Mr. Inman, of the Prairie Farmer, Chicago, studied the agricultural implements of the Indian with a view to obtaining a series of cover designs for his magazine; George Ravenel Sass, author, was shown frontier costumes; several students of special sub- jects in American frontier history were shown the Catlin paintings for study or reproduction; dolls of the Eskimo and of the American Indian were studied by several students; Dr. Max Uhle, of the National Museum, Ecuador, was aided in studying divisional and departmental methods of recording and classifying specimens; Dr. Waldemar G. Bogoras-Tan, of the Leningrad Academy of Sciences, ‘was shown the anthropological laboratory and given instruction re- garding installation of group exhibits; Doctor Thalbitzer inspected the division’s Eskimo collection; Doctor Strong, of the Field Mu- seum, Chicago, inspected material from the Columbia Valley and conferred with the curator relative to further explorations there. A special exhibit was prepared for display during inauguration week 50 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 in the Washington Building. Patent attorneys were shown the col- lection of Indian moccasins and instructed regarding the use by Indians of nonreversible cuffs on moccasins and leggings. Fifteen: lots of material were received for identification and report. Many additional examinations were made for individuals who brought — ethnological objects to the Museum in person. In the division of archeology Mr. Judd was absent in July for two weeks while investigating the reported association of flint pro- jectile points and the remains of extinct bison near Folsom, N. Mex. During such times as were available from routine duties he re- examined the collection from Betatakin in the Navajo National Monument, Ariz., and submitted a report on the institution’s work: of 1917 in the excavation and repair of that ruin. During the year the division was visited by more staff members of other museums and research institutions than ever before. Two students engaged in extended investigative work with our collec- tions: (1) Henry B. Roberts, of Harvard University, spent one week during early April gathering data pertaining to our prehistoric Southwestern material for Dr. A. V. Kidder, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington; (2) K. M. Chapman, of the Anthropo- logical Laboratories, Santa Fe, N. Mex., examined the same collec- tions, and the pottery series from modern Pueblos during three days. in mid-May. Sixteen specimens, including bells and other copper objects, from prehistoric ruins in New Mexico and Arizona were sent. for chemical analysis to the Peabody Museum of Harvard Uni- versity, Cambridge, Mass., and subsequently were returned. As heretofore, the curator was consulted on archeological mat- ters by officials of the National Park Service and the National Geo- graphic Society. As a former member of the executive committee, division of anthropology and psychology, National Research Coun- cil, he was frequently asked to advise the retiring chairman of that division, Dr. Knight Dunlap. As a trustee of the Archaeological Society of Washington and chairman of its research committee, the curator advised with representatives of that society at various times. In consequence of this aid the latter organization paved the way for successive explorations at prehistoric sites in Spain. The con- templated expeditions should result in additional and worth-while collections for the division. During the fiscal year 25 lots of archaeo- logical material were received for identification and report and returned to the senders. As noted above, the curator visited, on behalf of the Institution, the quarries near Folsom, N. Mex., from which the American Museum of Natural History and the Colorado Museum of Natural History were removing skeletons of an extinct species of bison found REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 51 in direct association with chipped projectile points. Excepting this brief visit during July, the curator has not officially called at other institutions, although the several museums in New York and Brook- lyn were visited during early September, on the occasion of the biennial meetings of the International Congress of Americanists. Following the merging of Old World archeology with arche- ology as the inclusive title, investigation was carried on by J. Town- send Russell, jr., assistant, on the great collection of chipped stone implements resulting from the work of the American School in France and deposited by the Archaeological Society of Washington. In the division of physical anthropology a steady though neces- sarily slow work was carried on by the curator and his assistant in measuring and preparing parts of the collections for the “ catalogue ” that is being published by the Museum. Especial attention was devoted to the difficult and large Pueblo collections. The curator continued his research on early man and in the field of human evo- lution, and consistent attention was also given to the problem of early man on the American Continent. Students or workers avail themselves continually of the facilities of the division and receive all possible assistance, which in some cases at least has included regular lectures or demonstrations. Workers who have utilized the collections have included Dr. C. J. Connolly, professor of biology at Catholic University, Washington, D. C., who studied facial changes during growth, the subject of variation, and the brain, and Dr. J. Maly, docent in anthropology, Charles University of Prague, who carried on investigations under a fellowship of the Rockefeller Foundation, on anthropometry and variation. Henry B. Collins, jr., of the division of ethnology, United States National Museum, made further studies on the pterion and related structures of the skull. Miss Katharine T. Schindel, of the United States Public Health Service, worked a larger part of the summer of 1928 is anthropometry. Prof. Harriett M. Allyn, of Vassar College, was with us in July, 1928, studying anthropom- etry. The late Dr. Albert Hale, of the University of Porto Rico, received during the earlier part of August, 1928, instruction in anthropometry. In addition, there were numerous individuals who came to consult certain collections of the division or to discuss with the curator some special problems or studies. Four lots of material were received during the year for examination and report. DISTRIBUTION AND FXCHANGE OF SPECIMENS A total of 224 specimens was sent out from the division of ethnol- ogy during the fiscal year. Gifts comprised 26 specimens, exchange 52 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 191 specimens, and there was one withdrawal of 7 specimens. In addition, five lots of objects with a total of 59 specimens were loaned and subsequently returned. Nine lots of archeological material have gone to institutions and individuals, as follows: (1) 89 objects were sent to the Royal On- tario Museum of Archaeology, Toronto, Canada, in exchange for European collections not yet received; (2) 6 specimens were for- warded to the Leningrad Academy of Sciences, Leningrad, Union of Socialistic Soviet Republics, in an exchange to be arranged later; (3) 82 archeological objects from various localities in the United States were forwarded as a gift to the Museo Nacional, Santo Do- mingo City, Dominican Republic; (4) 18 artifacts from the District of Columbia were presented to the University of Porto Rico, Rio Piedras, P. R.; (5) 1 cast of the Tuxtla Statuette was presented to the Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, Ohio; (6) 69 objects of distinctly artistic merit were loaned to the Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, Ohio, and subsequently returned; (7) 16 copper artifacts were loaned for chemical analysis to the Peabody Museum of Harvard, Cambridge, Mass., and subsequently returned; (8) 1 cast of an un- finished “ tube ” of banded slate was sent to Dr. Charles Back, Mon- tezuma, Ind., in exchange for his courtesy in permitting casts to be made from the original; (9) 4 stone implements went to A. S. Kenyon, Melbourne, Australia, as part of the equivalent sent to him in exchange for ethnological material from Australia. From the Old World archeological collection 30 paleolithic and neolithic artifacts were presented to the University of Porto Rico, Rio Piedras, P. R.; two casts of a prehistoric earthenware cup were sent to J. Townsend Russell, jr., Washington, D. C., in return for the courtesy of permitting us to reproduce the original. Hon. Hoffman Philip withdrew two Phoenician glass bottles. The division of physical anthropology sent six casts of prehis- toric trephining to Oxford University, England, in exchange for the casts of the remains of the recently discovered ancient Gibraltar child, while 15 bronzed masks of African negroes and a lot of photo- graphs were sent to Prof. V. Suk, University of Brno, Brno, Mora- via, in exchange for 10 Eskimo masks from Labrador, 9 skulls of older burials of Moravia, 1 face cast of a gypsy, and 3 casts of teeth. NUMBER OF SPECIMENS UNDER DEPARTMENT During 1928-29 the department of anthropology received 92 accessions with a total of 5,329 specimens. Of these, 4 accessions with 311 specimens were loans, leaving a permanent increase of 5,018 specimens. The receipts during the period were assigned as REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 53 follows: Ethnology, 39 accessions, with 4,257 specimens; American archeology, 37 accessions and 351 specimens; Old World arche- ology, 7 accessions of 488 specimens; physical anthropology, 17 ac- cessions, with 221 specimens; ceramics, 3 accessions of 11 specimens; and art textiles, 1 accession of 1 specimen. _ On June 30, 1929, the total number of specimens in the depart- ment was 677,004, as follows: TEDL TODO GSES cS aa aE a a 5S Te IS iy SR a aN eg 170, 128 Amenricanvarecheolosy:22 222 ek ee a ee 430, 374 Old World archeology ____----------___---___ ee See ee 36, 122 Ry Sicaleanthropolog ya sse ee ane eee oe ee 31, 186 MiniSiCaly cimStr ume mn tSa see ee 2, 068 (CHS AE ETON tO a Pa en ee pe 5, 693 PAN Gat NUE Cees tet eee ae eee ne NE ee te le, 1, 483 pees Bid Lae te REPORT ON THE DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY By LronHarp STEINEGER, Head Curator The two great obstacles to adequate progress in the department of biology, namely, lack of space for the research collections and a- sufficient staff to properly care for them, gradually are being over- come. For the previous year added space afforded the national herbarium by the construction of a large gallery has been recorded. During the present year the establishment of two new assistant -curatorships not only affords great relief in the divisions affected, but carries with it the hope that additions to the staff of other divi- sions now handicapped for lack of assistance may be expected in the future. : Field activities of the department have continued about as last year. The cooperation of Dr. W. L. Abbott made it possible to send A. J. Poole and W. M. Perrygo in one party and E. C. Leonard in another for several months to Haiti in continuation of previous investigations. The explorations of D. C. Graham and Arthur de C. Sowerby in China and of Hugh M. Smith in Siam have been continued. EK. P. Killip is absent on a botanical expedition to Peru, and J. M. Aldrich shortly before the end of the year proceeded to Europe to work in museums, particularly in London, intending also to do some insect collecting in northern Scandinavia. Paul Bartsch, under the Walter Rathbone Bacon scholarship fund, is now in the field in the West Indies continuing his investigation of last year. James O. Maloney was engaged for about a month in the investigation of the fauna at Matamek River on the north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence through the kind invitation of Copley Amory. Dr. Fred- erick V. Coville, honorary curator, division of plants, who was delegated by the United States Government to attend the Fourth Pan Pacific Science Congress in Java during May, also represented the Smithsonian Institution on that occasion. While in Japan he investigated acid-soil plants in furtherance of studies conducted by him for many years. W. R. Maxon during the early part of the present year visited the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England, and several other European institutions in connection with his studies of the ferns of Jamaica. ACCESSIONS FOR THE YEAR While the previous year stands out predominantly as a record year for the number of specimens added to the collections, the present fiscal period in some respects surpasses it. The unprece- 75876—29—_5 55 56 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 dented increase during 1927-28 was mostly due to the accessioning of the Baker collection of insects from the Philippines and adjacent: | regions numbering 300,000 specimens. The increment of 1928-29, which considerably exceeds half a million specimens, must therefore be considered a highly satisfactory growth. A brief summary of the more important collections will show that their scientific value | “is equal to that of any previous year. The tendency of private collectors to secure permanency for the results and records of their life work by depositing their collections as gifts or bequests in the National Museum has been continued during the present year, it being recognized that by housing irre- a placeable collections in the National Museum it is assured not only © that they will have necessary care but also that they will be pre- served for the students of generations to come. The principal accessions will be considered in detail under the heads of the various divisions, but there are several large collections of a general nature which deserve mention here. The late Col. Wirt Robinson during his lifetime brought together at his home in Wingina, Va., a select and highly valuable collection of mammals, birds, and insects, which has come through bequest to the National Museum. At his death, which occurred on January 20, 1929, the In- stitution lost a generous friend of many years standing. The Museum is under great obligation to the National Geographic So- ciety for the splendid collections of birds and plants gathered by Dr. Joseph F. Rock during his exploration in the high mountain regions of the Chinese Provinces of Yunnan and Szechuan. These supplement in an admirable manner the valuable material in verte- brates, insects, mollusks, and crustaceans collected for the Museum by Dr. D. C. Graham in other localities of the same general region. The country immediately to the south in Siam is being explored by Dr. Hugh M. Smith, honorary curator in zoology, United States National Museum, now director of fisheries under the Siamese Gov- ernment, who sent during the year extensive and highly interesting collections of mammals, birds, reptiles, insects, mollusks, and miscel- laneous invertebrates. Finally, there must be mentioned the very valuable material from Haiti, consisting of plants collected by E. C. Leonard, and mammals, birds, reptiles, and cave material gathered by A. J. Poole and W. M. Perrygo, which the Museum owes to its friend and benefactor, Dr. W. L. Abbott, who further donated a collection of Siamese mammals. Mammais.—Statement has been made above of the mammals col- lected by Dr. Hugh M. Smith and Dr. D. C. Graham and of the Haitian material collected by A. J. Poole and W. M. Perrygo. " REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 rd The mammal skins contained in the Wirt Robinson bequest are mostly eastern North American species, both large and small, in rather extensive series of handsomely made skins with complete data and covering a collecting period of about 30 years. The Siamese mammals presented by Doctor Abbott are especially valu- able because collected and identified by C. Boden Kloss, the head of the Federated Malay States Museums, with headquarters in Singapore. One of the most valuable accessions that has come to this division during the year is a complete skeleton of an adult sperm whale, presented by Ippei Yokoyama, president of the Orien- tal Whaling Co., through the interest of Prof. Chiyomatsu Ishikawa. This skeleton was packed and shipped to San Francisco under the personal direction of Ambassador Katsuji Debuchi, who not only took charge of the specimen on its voyage to San Francisco but paid all the cost of the packing and transportation in Japan. The Museum had no adult specimens of this whale in its collection, and the skeleton is probably the first to reach any American museum from Japanese waters. Further noteworthy accessions are as fol- lows: 27 mammal skulls from India, a gift from Gen. William Mitchell, an especially interesting accession, as, among other things, it contained a series of 9 tiger skulls; 1 porpoise skeleton (Sotalia) from British Guiana, collected and presented by Prof. Samuel H. Williams, of the University of Pittsburgh; and 2 bats from Ecuador, collected and presented by A. H. Fisher, which represent a genus new to the collection of mammals. Birds—A number of important and noteworthy accessions have come in this division. From the National Geographic Society there were received 1,039 bird skins, collected on the high mountains of the Provinces of Yunnan and Szechuan in western China by Dr. Joseph F. Rock. Among the species of particular interest are Grus nigricollis; Spelaeornis souliet, a rare wren; several specimens of Leptopoecile sophiae obscura, a tit-warbler; Lowxia curvirostra himalayensis, a crossbill; and a species of Pyrrhospiza, of the group of grosbeaks. All of the above are new to the Museum collection. Other birds of interest were the Tibetan eared pheasant, Crossop- télon crossoptilon; a purplish blue thrush, Grandala coelicolor flo- rentes, and a large paroquet, Conurus derbianus. The Col. Wirt Robinson collection included 1,374 skins of birds, 2 eggs and 1 nest, especially notable among these being series of certain North Ameri- can hawks, and many tropical American hummingbirds, as well as cotypes of several species discovered by Colonel Robinson in Vene- zuela. A white-collared hawk, Leucopternis albicollis, and a wood- pecker, Vendliornis fidelis, proved new to the Museum. Most of ey REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 the material was presented to the institution at the beginning of the fiscal year, and the remainder came by bequest after Colonel Robin- son’s death. Dr. Hugh M. Smith’s collections from Siam included 799 birds, 18 skeletons, and 9 eggs, which admirably supplement his earlier contributions. Part of this material, from the higher ele- vations of the Khun Tan Mountains, furnished the types of seven. species and subspecies new to science, as well as several species pre- viously known though unrepresented in the National Museum, the latter including the pied woodpecker (Dryobates atratus). The col- lections received from Dr. D. C. Graham, of Suifu, China, totaled 221 skins and 5381 skeletons from the Province of Szechuan, includ- ing material obtained in his expedition to Ningyuenfu a year ago. These supplement admirably previous collections and include a number of forms new to the Museum. Dr. W. L. Abbott contributed 484 skins, 185 skeletons, and 1 egg from Haiti, collected by A. J. Poole and W. M. Perrygo, of the Museum. These specimens were collected at various points whence additional material was needed, especially on various islets off the — coast, and supplement the series already at hand from this island. From the Bradshaw Hall Swales fund the division secured by pur- chase 41 bird skins and 4 skeletons and alcoholics, representing im- portant desiderata, including Gisella harrisi, a genus of owls new to the Museum; skeletons of the courol, Leptosomus discolor; and an alcoholic specimen of the Madagascar red-billed nuthatch, Hypositta corallirostris. From J. A. Reis, jr., there were received through the Smithsonian Institution 177 skeletons of birds from Cameroun of about 116 species, most of them additional to species already present in this part of the collection, and including the Cape gannet, Morus capensis, Hartlaub’s duck Pteronetta hartlaubi, and the black guinea fowl, Phasidus niger. From the National Zoological Park there were transferred 62 skins, 80 skeletons and alcoholics, and 4 eggs, including some desirable parrots, lories and other birds, one a chaca- laca, Ortalis garrula, being new to the collection. Two eggs of the California vulture, Gymnogyps californianus, were received from this source, and also two hybrid herons, crosses between the great white and great blue herons. Other noteworthy accessions were 8 skins of the sharp-winged grouse, Palcipennis falcipennis, received in exchange from Toku T. Momiyama; a specimen of the rare ocel- lated pheasant, Rheinardius ocellatus, and a rare magpie, Temnurus temnurus, obtained in exchange from the Muséum d’Histoire Natu- relle at Paris; representatives of seven recently described forms of birds from Lower California, received as a permanent deposit from the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology at Berkeley, Calif.; a mounted REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 59 quetzal, Pharomachrus mocinno, the gift of Sefor Don Adrian Re- cinos, minister from Guatemala (the quetzal being the national bird of that country); eight birds from Tunis comprising species not hitherto in the Museum, the gift of Marcus Daly; a series of hawks for skeleton purposes, contributed by Mr. Justus von Len- gerke; and 3 birds and 15 eggs of 2 species of lovebirds of the genus Agapornis from C. H. Popenoe. In eggs, the chief acquisitions were 2 eggs of the California vul- ture from the National Zoological Park and a series of 1,378 eggs and 28 nests received from the late John J. Chickering, obtained originally from the Smithsonian Institution a half century or more ago in return for work performed at that time on the egg collection. Many eggs in the series are now quite rare, including the Eskimo curlew, golden plover, and buff-breasted sandpiper. Reptiles—The most interesting accessions received were those from our two collaborators in Asia, Dr. D. C. Graham and Dr. Hugh M. Smith. Two collections from Haiti, one made by J. S. C. Bos- well and the other by A. J. Poole and W. M. Perrygo, traveling under the auspices of Dr. W. L. Abbott, have given valuable mate- rial. In exchange from the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy there came several species new to the collection. Fishes.—Collections of fresh-water fishes received from Dr. D. C. Graham from Szechuan included 1,344 specimens and form an im- portant addition to our representation of the fauna of the upper Yangtse. Dr. Homer W. Smith, of New York City, presented some African fishes, among them specimens of lung fishes, Protopterus annectens and Polypterus senegalus. A series of 81 pairs of otoliths of English fishes was obtained in exchange from William H. Web- ster, of Barton-on-Sea, England. Don Anastasio Alfaro, San José, Costa Rica, presented a collection of 100 specimens from rivers and _ streams of the interior of that country. The State Museum of Flor- ida donated 75 specimens from that State. J. Morgan Clements sent an interesting collection of fishes from the tide pools of the island of Tahiti. The Bureau of Fisheries, Department of Com- merce, transferred 282 specimens of fishes collected in the vicinity of Greenwood, Miss. Insects——The most important accession of the year has been the collection of Lepidoptera received as a permanent deposit from the Brooklyn Museum, which included 66,173 specimens, with types of about 650 species. The material, a most valuable addition to our col- lections, was transported from Brooklyn by truck and came through in excellent condition. Next in importance, considering the part of the world represented by it, is a large collection of beetles re- 62 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 In the section of helminths the total number of specimens received was 1,290, of which 1,085 were from the Bureau of Animal Industry, Department of Agriculture. These include the type and paratype of a new species of tapeworm, three cotypes of trematodes mounted on slides, three slides containing types and paratypes of a new trematode, and the type of another form in this group. Echinoderms.—The most important accession for the year was a collection of crinoids made chiefly by the cable-repair ships of the Eastern & Associated Telegraph Co. and presented by the British Museum. These have included valuable additions to our series. Plants—Many important accessions have come in this division during the year. About 12,000 specimens of plants collected in Szechuan, Yunnan, and the semiindependent kingdom of Mili, China, by Dr. Joseph F. Rock, were received as a gift from the National Geographic Society. About 14,720 specimens from northwestern Haiti were collected for the Museum by E. C. Leonard under the generous patronage of Dr. W. L. Abbott. There were 6,012 specimens received as a transfer from the United States De- partment of Agriculture, of the latter 888 coming from the Bureau of Biological Survey and 5,123 (mainly grasses) from the Bureau of Plant Industry. There may be mentioned further 2,273 speci- mens collected in Haiti and the Dominican Republic purchased from Dr. E. L. Ekman; 2,156 specimens, mainly from tropical Amer- ica, Malaya, and Africa received in exchange from the Royal Bo- tanic Gardens, Kew, England; 1,282 Argentine plants purchased from Prof. S. Venturi, Tucuman, Argentina; 3,713 specimens, mainly from tropical America, the United States, and Labrador, received from the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, in exchange; 1,087 specimens from Chile donated by the Rev. Brother Claude Joseph, Temuco, Chile; 1,037 specimens from Brazil, re- ceived from the Jardim Botanico, Rio de Janeiro, in exchange; 883 specimens from Cochin China, purchased from Chaplain and Mrs. Joseph Clemens; 684 specimens from Brazil received from the Museu Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil, as an exchange; 558 specimens from China received from the University of Nanking, China, in exchange; 635 specimens, mainly from Mongolia and Indo-China, received from the University of California, Berkeley, Calif., as an exchange; 542 specimens from Jamaica and Ecuador, received from the British Museum (Natural History), London, as an exchange; 334 specimens from Venezuela presented by Prof. H. Pittier, Caracas, Venezuela; 263 specimens from Ecuador, presented by the Rey. Brother G. Firmin, Quito, Ecuador; 2,800 specimens from the Philip- pines, Canada, and the United States presented by Dr. Le Roy Topping, Honolulu; 1,274 specimens from the eastern United States ee REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 63 presented by E. S. Steele, Washington, D. C.; 438 specimens from Quebec received from the Université de Montreal, Montreal, Que- bec, as an exchange; 246 specimens chiefly cryptogams, from Costa Rica, presented by Prof. Manuel Valerio, San Jose, Costa Rica; 301 specimens, mainly European, received from Riksmuseest, Stock- holm, Sweden, in exchange. INSTALLATION AND PRESERVATION OF COLLECTIONS A habitat group of three specimens of the Mongalla gazelle (Ga- zella thomsoni albonotata (Rothschild)) collected in the Sudan by the expedition of last year of Mr. Beach, Mr. Daly, and Mr. Field, was placed on exhibition at the northern end of the African mammal hall during the year balancing the dik-dik group on the other side. The group was designed, modeled, and mounted by Mr. W. L. Brown, chief taxidermist, who accompanied the expedition and col- lected the accessories. A splendid specimen of sable antelope Hippotragus niger (Har- ris), likewise mounted by Mr. Brown, was installed to replace an old specimen in bad repair, excessively faded and poorly mounted. Two jackals and the head of an European ibex were added to the exhibition series. Other work in the exhibition halls has been limited to extensive repairs, especially to some of the larger African antelopes, necessitating rearrangement of the largest case in the African hall. The District of Columbia faunal exhibit has con- tinued under the care of Doctor Bartsch, who has kept it current and made additions whenever possible. Eleven specimens of birds were mounted and installed, and revised label data were prepared for a large part of the exhibit by the division of birds. . Ten half-unit cases were received in the division of mammals during the fiscal year, for the storing of skins. Good progress has been made on the .osteological collection in labeling, matching up material, and rearranging and spreading of certain groups. The entire available space for this collection is now occupied with cases, while the entire collection stored remains in a crowded condition. Additional space is now necessary for further arrangement. The half-unit cases added during the year have facilitated the storing and spreading of the general skin collection, which, however, is still in an overcrowded condition, only part having been given proper space. The small skulls and skeletons of cetaceans have been placed in cases and are now in good order, and most of the larger whale skulls and skeletons are properly arranged. Two additional wooden racks have been provided in the whale storage room, together with facilities for the cleaning and degreasing of whale material. A few large skins and quite a number of small skins, including those used 64 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 for exhibition purposes, were tanned by the taxidermists. Consider- able work has been done in the alcoholic collection in the transfer of specimens to proper containers, the identification of material, es- pecially in the collection of bats, and in general arrangement. The taxidermists have prepared as study specimens about 15 flat skins, 10 made-up skins, and 28 tanned skins of small size. The Museum © osteologists have cleaned 143 skulls and 55 skeletons, mounted for exhibition one porpoise skeleton during the present year. Through contract work 387 skulls and 107 skeletons have been cleaned. It is gratifying to report that the various collections in the division of mammals are at this time in better shape than ever before. Of the bird skins received during the year, about 1,850 were dis- tributed in the study series, while the remaining material, amounting to about 2,540 skins, has been held up for study. Eight half-unit storage cases, with 70 drawers, and 12 quarter-unit cases with 120 drawers were received, and were introduced in the collection. Several cases of duplicate birds were moved to the third tier to relieve con- gestion in cases below. Some progress was made in respacing the collection of type specimens, but this work was still unfinished at the end of the year. In the course of this undertaking certain clues de- veloped that resulted in the discovery of the type of a tern Anous frater Coues, and of a cuckoo Phoenicophaeus nigriventris Peale, both of which were properly labeled and incorporated in the type series. Seven cases of foreign eggs covering 87 families were rear- ranged and supplied with drawer labels. Over 200 skeletons were numbered, labeled, and entered on the card catalogue. Work of the preparators included cleaning 338 skeletons and 13 skulls, skinning 125 birds, mounting 11 birds for the local exhibit, and preparing 19 eggs. In the division of reptiles and amphibians, Miss Cochran has given permanent places in the stacks to 2,841 newly identified specimens, and the card cataloguing of most of these specimens has been com- pleted. Every jar in the collection has been gone over, washed, re- filled, and the labels renewed when necessary. A number of cork- stoppered bottles of an obsolete style were replaced by standard glass- stoppered jars, to the great improvement of the condition of the col- lection. The various genera in the skeleton collection have been grouped together in the storage cases so that it is possible to find particular specimens without difficulty. The present status of the collection is excellent. All material received by the division of fishes during the year has been identified and reported upon and the storage rooms have been thoroughly inspected, shelves cleaned, and containers refilled where necessary. Many illegible labels have been restored, and all REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 65 material determined has been installed in the storage rooms except one lot now under study. New labels have been made for the mate- rial on exhibition and the containers refilled. Very material assistance in the care of the enormous insect collec- tion has come through the cooperation of specialists of the Bureau of Entomology, who are engaged in investigation dealing with vari- ous sections. L. L. Buchanan reports that work on the Casey col- lection made possible through the assistance of Mrs. Laura Welch Casey, which includes entering types in the catalogue and labeling and placing the specimens in standard trays and drawers, is now about 80 per cent complete. He also reports that due to the interest and generosity of Mrs. Casey 200 of the volumes in the Casey library have now been bound. Work on the Baker collection has been pro- gressing, and in a few groups there has been marked progress in the installation of specimens in the general collections; in Hemiptera the installation and transfer now being complete. In the general collection in the order Coleoptera H. S. Barber has expanded and arranged several small groups. Doctor Béving has supervised the relabeling of the collection of Carabid larvae deposited in the Museum by C. C. Hamilton, and has added a con- siderable number of anatomical slides to the collections, these consisting mostly of preparations which he has made in the course of studies on the classification of these larvae. In addition, several valuable slides of Meloid larvae from North Africa, donated by Dr. A. Cros, have been incorporated. Dr. E. A. Chapin has been active in expanding and rearranging the collections in various groups of Coleoptera and in participating in exchanges with other Coleopterists. In the course of this work he has rearranged the collection in the family Scarabaeidae for Canthon and allied genera, and several small genera, as Ancistrosoma, and has segregated the Central American species of Phyllophaga from the mixed collec- tions of Coleoptera. In the Nitidulidae he has arranged the genus Colopterus, except for unidentified exotic material, and has done additional work in the genus Carpophilus. In the Cleridae he has continued the work of incorporating his personal collection into the Museum material. In the family Gyrinidae he has rearranged all specimens now in the Museum. In the Staphylinidae he has re- arranged part of the Oxytelinae, all of the Oxyporinae, and all of the Megalopsidinae. In addition he has rearranged the genus Paederus. In the Haplipidae he has rearranged the entire collection, describ- _ ing all new species which he has found. In the Coccinellidae he has completed the rearrangement of Chilocorinae, Pentiliinae, Platy- naspinae, and Telsimiinae, and has made progress in rearranging the Hyperaspinae. By an arrangement made through the Bureau of Entomology all specimens of Rutelinae have been forwarded to 66 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 Dr. Fr. Ohaus of the Natural History Museum, Mainz, Germany, an international authority on the classification of this group, for identi- fication. About two-thirds of the material has now been returned so that this work is progressing rapidly to completion. W. S. Fisher has rearranged several small groups of Coleoptera in con- nection with identification work and critical studies of collections from various regions. In the Lepidoptera Mr. Busck has continued arrangement of the Microlepidoptera as working facilities and time have permitted, and has been able to make several valuable additions to the collec- tions through contacts with various specialists in this country and abroad. Carl Heinrich has continued work on the American Phycitinae and has made marked progress in transferring, expand- ing, and rearranging in preliminary fashion the specimens of this subfamily. He has continued work on the alcoholic collection, con- sisting mostly of lepidopterous larvae, which is now in satisfactory condition. During the year Mr. Heinrich, through a personal trip to Brooklyn, N. Y., secured the Hulst types of species of the family Pyralidae. These were transferred to Washington on loan, but through a later arrangement were included as part of the Brooklyn Museum’s permanent deposit in the United States National Museum of the collection of Lepidoptera. Doctor Schaus has been very active during the last year in rearranging and expanding the col- lections of Macrolepidoptera, particularly in the Old World Sterrhinae and the Old World and North American Saturniidae. Considerable preliminary work was done toward the arrangement of the Thyrididae and Geometridae. During the last quarter of the year most of Doctor Schaus’s time has been taken with work on the collection of Lepidoptera of the Brooklyn Museum which was placed in the United States National Museum on permanent deposit. Dr. Schaus personally visited the Brooklyn Museum to bring to Washington by hand the types included in this collection and since the arrival of this collection has devoted practically all of his energies and those of his assistants to the work of caring for it. During the year C. T. Greene has rearranged the Museum col- lection of immature stages of Diptera, and has incorporated much material which was accumulated while he was associated with the division of forest insects of the Bureau of Entomology, an important addition that brings this collection to an outstanding position. Dr. J. M. Aldrich has been continually occupied in rearranging and im- proving the collection of Diptera and in indexing the literature of this subject. In the Hymenoptera Mr. Gahan has supervised the complete rear- rangement of the collection of Chalcidoids. In this work all of the REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 67 trays have been labeled and very many overlooked types of earlier workers have been recognized, given type numbers, and placed properly in the collections. The various regional collections into which the Chalcidoids were formerly segregated have been trans- ferred to trays, and will ultimately be incorporated in the general collection. Mr. Cushman has incorporated the Baker collection of Stephanidae in the general Museum collection. As many were paratypes of species described for C. F. Baker by E. A. Elliott in England, this transfer involved the entry and assignment of type numbers to the various species and the correct labeling of all the specimens. In addition he has reviewed and arranged the Ichneu- monid genus Odontomerus and has organized the Museum specimens of the tribe Cryptini according to the scheme of classification of Schmiedeknecht. The North American specimens of Ophion have been tentatively sorted and arranged for critical study. Miss Sand- house has transferred the North American bees of the genus Andrena from cork-lined drawers to trays, arranging the species alphabeti- cally, since there is no complete published revision of the genus available on which to base other arrangement. In addition, Miss Sandhouse, through a visit to the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia, obtained the specimens gathered for study by Mr. Viereck from various sources in Washington, these belonging in part to the Museum and in part to other organizations and individuals. This material has been so arranged that it is available for further study or disposal. Through the Bureau of Entomology Dr. C. E. Mickel, of the University of Minnesota, worked on the collection of Mutillidae for two and one-half months in the summer of 1928, and made very satisfactory progress in sorting, identifying, and arrang- ing according to the latest schemes of classification the collection in this group, placing this family in condition for further study or expansion. Through similar arrangement Dr. Leland H. Taylor, of the University of West Virginia, spent two and one-half months during the fiscal year working on the collection of Chrysididae, his work including rearrangement of the collection and critical studies of various genera of this family. Mr. Caudell has continued rearrangement of the nearctic Orthop- teroids and has progressed through the family Acrididae. In ad- dition he has made some progress in rearranging the exotic species. Dr. W. A. Ewing has reworked and incorporated most of the col- lection of ectoparasites which has been presented by Dr. E. A. Chapin and has supervised the transfer of the mites of the suborder Atracheata to standard containers as well as the addition of mis- cellaneous material. Work on the Coccidae has continued as usual during the year. 68 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 Following the death of Harry K. Harring, custodian of rotatoria, which came during the year, Frank J. Myers, of Ventnor, N. J., a close associate and collaborator, has generously undertaken to over- haul and remount where necessary the entire series of slides of rotifers. In the division of marine invertebrates the alcoholic collections ~ are in good shape as a result of last year’s work on them. The re- arrangement of the study collections has progressed slowly. Con- siderable work was done in matching slides of types with the bottles containing the remainder of the type material in the Hargitt collec- tion, and much was accomplished with the unidentified hydroids of this collection. The efforts of the curator of the division of mollusks have been largely centered on the preparation and identification of the West Indian collections obtained in Cuba last year, those secured by C. R. Orcutt in Jamaica and those obtained from other collectors in Haiti and Santo Domingo. As only a small portion of this has been catalogued, it will take at least another year to complete it. Mr. — Marshall has continued work on the Isaac Lea and the rest of the Naiades collection checking up and verifying types, and has about half completed it, this having been the main object of his re- search. The time of the preparator has been fully occupied with the material obtained from the West Indies. Mrs. Marguerite W. Poole was employed for two months to complete the intercalation of the Henderson collection in the East American marine series. Thomas S. Creighton, of Blue Ridge Summit, Pa., has placed the division under great obligation by voluntarily giving a great amount of time during the winter to the labeling and cataloguing of the Jamaican collections made by Mr. Orcutt. In the division of echinoderms the present status of the collec- tions is approximately the same as last year, minor changes and improvements having been made in transferring specimens to new containers and in other ways. It is gratifying to be able to report that the very large and important collection of Indo-Pacific basket- stars, sent-many years ago to Prof. L. Déderlein for study, was returned during the year and reincorporated in our series. In the main herbarium of the division of plants the rearrange- ment of the phanerogamic collections has been carried to completion with the shifting of specimens comprising the family Compositae, and the provision of the very many new genus species and covers incidentally required in equalizing the bundles of specimens. In certain groups there still exists congestion, but this can readily be remedied by providing extra cases in addition to new ones required for normal expansion due to the insertion of new material. In e REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 69 general, working conditions in the herbarium are vastly improved by the recent erection of the steel balcony, the rearrangement made possible having provided much needed table space for the sorting of specimens, as well as relief from crowding. The provision of a considerable number of new cases is, however, important. Work upon the collections during the year has progressed much as usual, being largely concerned with the identification of material sent in for report or collected by members of the staff. The principal her- barium studies to be mentioned are those of Doctor Maxon on tropical ferns, of Mr. Killip upon the flora of the South American Andes (especially the families Passifloraceae and Urticaceae), of Mr. Leonard upon the flora of Hispaniola, of Mr. Morton on the family Solanaceae, and of Professor Hitchcock and Mrs. Chase upon the grasses. In addition, Dr. S. F. Blake, of the Bureau of Plant Industry, has identified, as heretofore, a large amount of material belonging to the Compositae and other families. In the type her- barium the segregation of type specimens of American phanerogams has been continued under Mr. Killip’s direction, 15,268 types of new species and varieties having now been distinctively labeled, spe- cially catalogued, and placed in separate covers. These comprise the so-called type herbarium, kept apart as a separate unit. Nearly 1,500 specimens were added to it during the year. Good progress in mounting phanerogams and ferns has been made, a total of 29,729 sheets having been turned out for recording and incorporation in the herbarium. Of this number 24,712 were mounted by adhesive plaster and 5,015 sheets are glued specimens that were reinforced (strapped) by adhesive plaster, mostly under contract. There remain about 10,000 unmounted specimens, besides 2,000 that are glued but not yet reinforced. The C. G. Lloyd My- cological collection, which was received through the Smithsonian Institution late during the last preceding fiscal year, is maintained as a separate unit under supervision of the Bureau of Plant Indus- try. Under the direction of Dr. John A. Stevenson, who has been appointed custodian of the Lloyd Mycological collection, work of arrangement so that the collection may be of maximum usefulness to professional students of fungi has been prosecuted vigorously during the year. The herbarium material proper, consisting of 58,236 specimens, has been catalogued in Museum record books, ac- cording to regular procedure, and in addition nearly one-fourth of the specimens have been newly labeled, card catalogued, and placed in individual boxes preparatory to final arrangement. The card catalogue mentioned will include not only the usual data as to locality and collector, but references also to correspondence, pub- lished notes or illustrations, and photographs. Beside specimens e 70 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 there are about 10,000 photographic negatives of fungi with prints as well as nearly 4,000 cuts of illustrations published by Mr. Lloyd in Mycological Notes, which have in large part been numbered in sequence and arranged. The collection includes also many micro- scopic slides and a wealth of miscellaneous mycological notes, record — books, correspondence, and related matter which will prove an — indispensable aid to a study of the specimens. It is hoped to carry to completion during the coming year the card cataloguing of the entire Lloyd herbarium and the arrangement of all materials in permanent form, so that they may be immediately available for consultation and study. The whole will be housed in steel cases for preservation. The work of the taxidermists has already been referred to in so far as it relates to the exhibition series. In the shops, work has progressed much as usual, except that Mr. Perrygo was detailed to field duty in Haiti for about four months, and that the department lost the exceedingly efficient services of C. E. Mirguet, who died on February 29, 1929, after a prolonged illness. J. S. Warmbath was appointed temporarily as assistant taxidermist. ‘The prepara- tion of the skeleton of the adult sperm whale received from Japan has presented great difficulties, especially the cleaning and bleaching of the skull, but is progressing favorably. A duplicate cast made from the moonfish in the exhibition series, for the American Museum of Natural History, begun by Mr. Mirguet, was successfully com- pleted by Mr. Brown, chief taxidermist. RESEARCH BY MEMBERS OF THE STAFF Research by the curator of mammals, Gerrit S. Miller, jr., has been directed chiefly toward the identification of material from caves and Indian deposits in Haiti and the Dominican Republic. The assistant curator, Remington Kellogg, since his appointment on August 2, 1928, has been occupied with arrangement of the large collections of photographs, pamphlets, and similar records belong- ing to the division. A complete set of the Concilium Bibliographi- cum cards was filed. In addition, time was devoted toward the com- pletion of a report for the Museum on the tailless amphibians of Mexico, begun before taking his present position, which it was de- sired to finish promptly. A. Brazier Howell, collaborator, has con- tinued studies of the adaptation of mammals for aquatic life, and of the Chinese and related Asiatic mammals in the Museum collec- tion. Dr. C. Hart Merriam, associate in zoology, has continued work on the bears, and has published two papers on the subject. Robert Ridgway, curator of birds, worked steadily on his account of the Birds of North and Middle America up to his death on 4 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 71 March 25, 1929. At that time he was engaged on the petrels. All manuscript, memoranda, outline drawings, and other papers bearing on this work were returned to the Museum early in April. The asso- ciate curator, Charles W. Richmond, engaged in researches that were calculated to benefit and improve the office records. He made con- siderable progress in identifying entries of the United States Ex- ploring Expedition specimens, scattered throughout the catalogue, and in reconstructing a list of the birds of that expedition. The specimens from this expedition were catalogued at the same time as those of the United States Astronomical Expedition, and entries of the two collections being freely intermingled, often with no clear indication of the source of individual specimens. As both expedi- tions visited Chile, the specimens from that country were particu- larly involved. A large proportion of the entries was verified and made clear. Clues to possible types were investigated, and two type specimens were discovered in the general collection. He also spent considerable time on proof of Bent’s Life Histories of North Ameri- can Shore Birds, part 2, and on the proof of the Ten-Year Index to the Auk, and gave some attention to the manuscript of the forth- coming A. O. U. Check-List of North American Birds. The assist- ant curator, J. H. Riley, finished a paper on the birds collected in inner Mongolia and Kansu by F. R. Wulsin, identified Chinese birds received from Dr. D. C. Graham, made provisional determinations of birds collected in northern Siam by Dr. Hugh M. Smith, and de- ‘seribed those considered to be new. Dr. A. Wetmore continued work on the birds of Hispaniola, made determinations of fossil bird bones from Florida and elsewhere, and carried on other similar researches. In the division of reptiles, the curator, L. Stejneger, has devoted considerable time to revising his manuscripts on Chinese reptiles and amphibians necessary through the receipt of much additional material from Doctor Graham and other sources. The work on the North American turtles has progressed slowly, being held up by lack of material from certain critical localities. Miss Cochran’s survey of the herpetology of Haiti is nearing completion. Research by members of the staff of the division of fishes has been pursued upon material from the following localities during the present year: Fishes from the Philippine Islands, with reports upon certain groups; a large collection from the vicinity of Shanghai, and several lots from Szechuan Province, China; small lots from South America, Costa Rica, Haiti, Porto Rico, Florida, Louisiana, California, the Hawaiian Islands, and Alaska. In the division of insects the associate curator, J. M. Aldrich, continued study of the types of American muscoid flies in the 75876—29—_6 a2 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 Vienna Museum, and published an additional paper on the subject, besides several others on special groups of diptera. In the section of Coleoptera, H. S. Barber continued work on the weevils of the genus T'richobaris, and on fireflies belonging to the genus Photuris; on the Chrysomelid genera Colaspis, Paria, and Chlamys,; and on the Carabid genus hadine. Dr. A. Béving investigated the larvae of | the superfamilies Dryopoidea and Dascilloidea, this work being completed and published. He undertook critical studies of the larvae of two species of Pissodes and of the larvae of the families Hydrophilidae and Histeridae. In addition he continued study of larvae of the Chrysomelid subfamily Halticinae. Work was com- pleted and papers published on larvae of two species of Cleridae, on the larvae of the Chrysomelid subfamily Galerucinae, and a mimeograph paper prepared on the identification of larvae related to the Japanese beetle was issued by the Department of Agricul- ture. His most important work during the year was embodied in a paper on the classification of beetles according to larval characters, which was presented before the Fourth International Congress of Entomology at Ithaca, N. Y. Doctor Chapin’s research work has been confined to the description of certain new species in the Haliplidae and to a continuation of critical studies in several fam- ilies, notably in the Coccinellidae and the Scarabaeidae. W. S.- Fisher completed a critical monograph on the classification of the genus Agrilus. He has continued studies on the various collections of beetles submitted for identification, and a manuscript on Bupres- tidae from the Federated Malay States has been completed and submitted for publication. In Lepidoptera, A. Busck has completed work on a revision of the Torticidae occurring in the United States. C. Heinrich began criti- cal work on a revision of the American Phycitinae, and will continue this during the coming year. W. Schaus prepared a monograph of the lepidopterous family Mimallonidae and a monograph of the Bombycid subfamily Epiinae. In the order of Diptera, C. T. Greene made progress in studies of the immature stages of the family Agromyzidae, in studies of a group of Tachinid flies distinguished by possession of an evanescent fourth vein, and has investigated a new Cecidomyiid affecting pine in Cuba. In Hymenoptera, A. B. Gahan has undertaken the critical revision of the economically important Chalcid genus 7richogramma, and has practically completed work in connection with it. R. A. Cush- man has revised the oriental Braconid genus Odontofornicia and has submitted for publication a paper covering this work. It is of interest that the National Museum collection now contains every species of the genus now known. Mr. Cushman has revised the REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 73 North American species of the Ichneumonid genus Odontomerus, where again the Museum collection contains a very large represen- tation of the known species. Mr. Cushman has also made a num- ber of miscellaneous studies in connection with identification work, resulting in the preparation of two other papers describing new species and giving various notes in regard to already described species and genera. Miss Grace Sandhouse has continued studies of the bee genera Augochlora, Osmia, and Agapostemon. In Orthoptera, A. N. Caudell has been chiefly occupied with iden- . tifications, arrangement of the collection, and cataloguing work. Dr. H. E. Ewing has continued systematic work on the chiggers and has described several new species during the year. He has prepared a paper on the rare spiders belonging to the group Ricinulei, and is at present engaged on a critical revision of the so-called feather mites which will be a joint contribution with Dr. W. R. Thompson, of the Farnham Royal Parasite Laboratory, who began work on the group many years ago. In the division of marine invertebrates Dr. Mary J. Rathbun brought to a conclusion the third of her monographic bulletins on American crabs, a monumental piece of work that has required a number of years of most intensive study. Its completion marks another great advance in progress in connection with the large and valuable carcinological collections of the Museum. Miss Rathbun has also completed a paper dealing with the Decapods of the Cana- dian Atlantic fauna, which was published by the Biological Board of Canada, and another manuscript entitled “New and Rare Chinese Crabs,” in which are described a new subfamily, two new genera, eight new species, and five subspecies. She has made a very con- siderable number of routine identifications of Brachyura and has continued studies on fossil crustacea. The curator, Waldo L. Schmitt, has given the greater part of his time to past and present accumulations of routine. He prepared one manuscript during the year on Chinese Stomatopods, collected by Dr. S. F. Light, now in the hands of the printer. The comprehensive report by Clarence R. Shoemaker, assistant curator, on the Amphipods of the Choticamp Expedition (Biological Board of Canada) is complete except for certain of the illustrations. Mr. Shoemaker has also finished a report on the Amphipods taken in the Bay of Fundy, Minas Basin, and Shubenacadie River, Nova Scotia, by the Atlantic Biological Station of Canada. These two papers represent the first intensive ‘ studies made upon the amphipod crustaceans of these regions. J. O. Maloney, aid, has continued studies on Lower California isopods. Dr. J. A. Cushman, honorary collaborator in Foraminifera, is now engaged in the preparation of part 8, the concluding section, of his series of bulletins monographing the Atlantic Foraminifera. Dr. 74. REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 Max Ellis, Dr. Maynard M. Metcalf, and Dr. William H. Longley, collaborators in this division, have continued work upon the dis- codrilid worms, the opalinid parasites of frogs, and the collections from the Dutch East Indies, respectively. R.S. Bassler, curator of invertebrate palaeontology, has continued oversight over the collec- tions of Bryozoa, including routine identifications with review of the ~ study series of these forms in collaboration with Ferdinand Canu. The curator of mollusks, Paul Bartsch, has continued studies on West Indian land shells and west American Turritidae. Some time ~ was given to work on a manual of Hawaiian marine mollusks, begun -_ by Doctor Dall. The time of the assistant curator, William B. Mar- — shall, has been largely required for routine determination of mate- rial sent to the Museum for identification, which has resulted in the publication of several papers noted beyond in the bibliography. In addition he has continued investigations on the fresh-water mus- sel collection of the Museum. 7 The curator of Echinoderms, Austin H. Clark, completed study of a large collection of Comatulids, including 905 specimens, repre- senting 116 species, assembled by Dr. Th. Mortensen in the Indo- — Pacific region, chiefly at the Kei Islands. Determinations were also: — made of two lots of Comatulids, one from Chile and one from the vicinity of Hong Kong, submitted by the British Museum. Work on the crinoids collected by the Australasian Antarctic Expedition, 1910-1914, under the leadership of Sir Douglas Mawson, was con- tinued. The preparation of volume 2 of bulletin 82 was continued. This work consisted chiefly in incorporating in the manuscript the data from Doctor Mortensen’s Indo-Pacific collection. Dr. Frederick V. Coville, honorary curator of the division of plants, continued studies on the breeding and culture of blueberries (Vaccinium) and other economic acid-soil plants. Dr. Wiliam R. Maxon, associate curator, spent about three months in the summer of 1928 in examining tropical American fern material in European herbaria, and has continued work in this subject: since his return as opportunity permitted. Several short papers have been published. Ellsworth P. Killip, associate curator, has continued studies of the Andean flora of South America and has published several papers describing new species from that region. He has finished a mono- graph upon the American species of Passifloraceae. HE. C. Leonard, assistant curator, has continued studies of West Indian plants, par- ticularly those of Hispaniola, and has engaged in an examination of ~ certain genera of Acanthaceae as represented in America. ©. V. Morton, aide, has undertaken a critical study of several tropical — American genera of the families Solanaceae and Malphighiaceae. REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 75 Egbert H. Walker, aide, has begun the preparation of a botanical bibliography of eastern Asia. RESEARCH OF OUTSIDE INVESTIGATORS AIDED BY MUSEUM MATERIAL. The more important loans of specimens made to outside investi- gators from the division of mammals were as follows: To the Johns Hopkins Medical School for Dr. William L. Straus, 2 skeletons of lemurs and 2 of anthropoid apes; for Dr. A. H. Schultz, 5 anthropoid skeletons; for Dr. E. Huber, 2 monkeys and 2 duckbills in alcohol; for A. B. Howell, various bones and 2 mammals in alcohol; to the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, Cambridge, Mass., for study by H. J. Coolidge, 29 gorilla skulls; to the Boston Society of Natural History for Francis Harper, 16 mice; to the Carnegie Institution of Washington for H. D. Senior, part of a duckbill skeleton; and to the University of Michigan for study of Arthur Svihla, 16 small mammals. Throughout the year the mammal collection has been frequently consulted by Dr. A. H. Schultz, Dr. E. Huber, and Dr. _W. L. Straus, jr., of Johns Hopkins Medical School. The Biological Survey staff have had access at all times to the collection in connec- tion with their work on North American mammals. Dr. O. P. Hay, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, has used the material in the division throughout the year in connection with his work on fossil mammals. Dr. J. M. Wainwright, Scranton, Pa., has made further examination of certain mammals in a study of mammary glands. Dr. E. V. Cook, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, spent a short time in the examination of specimens of wild pig skulls from Borneo. Dr. W. M. Krogman, of Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, spent a week in the division making a study of gorilla skulls. Among outside investigators who made use of the bird collections and library were the following: Mrs. Mary E. McLellan Davidson, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, for 10 days examined material and literature relating to the Procellariiformes (petrels) ; Dr. R. M. Strong, Chicago, for a week examined literature in connec- tion with preparation of a bibliography; A. C. Bent, Taunton, Mass., examined various native birds and eggs, chiefly in connection with his work on the life histories of North American birds; George Finlay Simmons, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, consulted the col- lections on several occasions in studies of material collected on the voyage of the Blossom to the South Atlantic; W. W. Bowen, con- sulted specimens and literature relating to the birds of Sudan; G. L. Austin, jr., Tuckahoe, N. Y., spent several days investigating Lab- rador birds and records; Bruce Horsfall was engaged for several days in making colored drawings of birds for the American Nature 76 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 Magazine. Others who examined material on shorter visits included Dr. J. J. Murray, Lexington, Va., on juncos and chickadees of his State; Dr. R. H. Palmer, Lansing, Mich., on certain Mexican and South American species; Dr. Thomas Barbour, director of the Mu- seum of Comparative Zodlogy, on West Indian burrowing owls; Edward J. Court, of Washington, on clapper rails; C. Boden Kloss, — director of the Federated Malay States Museums of Singapore, on certain Malayan birds; H. W. Hubbard, Peking, China, on Chinese birds; Miss Jeannette Speiden, Silver Spring, Md., on Chinese birds; Charles E. Underdown, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, on various birds; C. H. Popenoe, Silver Springs, Md., on various spe- cies of parrots; P. A. Taverner and Hoyes Lloyd, Ottawa, Canada, on certain Canadian and other species; Prof. Stuart T. Danforth, Maya- guez, P. R., on West Indian blackbirds of the genus Agelaius,; Capt. Karl Squires, Fort Humphrey, Va., Mr. George Jackson, Augusta, Ga., and Wilson C. Hanna, Colton, Calif., on various North American egos. Members of the Biological Survey staff interested in various projects, who made use of the collection included A. H. Howell, who continued researches on the birds of Florida and Georgia; Dr. E. W. Nelson, who studied Mexican grosbeaks and paroquets; Dr. H. C. Oberholser, who consulted various specimens concerned with iden- tifications of skins transmitted to the Biological Survey for deter- mination; EK. A. Preble, who looked up various specimens and references; F’. C. Lincoln, who examined material afid records con- cerning the distribution and migration of North American birds; and Miss M. T. Cooke, who examined various specimens and records of local species. Ornithologists who benefited the Museum by the determination of material included Dr. Herbert Friedmann, who named several hundred specimens of African birds, chiefly from the Frick collection; Dr. C. E. Hellmayr, who revised or confirmed iden- tifications of certain central Asian species; and Dr. H. C. Oberholser, who identified various Malay and North American birds. Loans amounted to 1,499 specimens, in 45 lots, the more important being the following: To the Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila- delphia, 18 skins of a cuckoo (Hyetornis) from Hispaniola, for the use of James Bond, and 12 skins from Siam and China for R. M. DeSchauensee; to the American Museum of Natural History, New York, 3 skins of Polynesian warblers (Conopoderas), for Dr. R. C. Murphy; to the British Museum (Natural History), London, Eng- land, 2 skins of a Malayan warbler (Acanthopneuste klossi) and 1 of an ice petrel (Pagodroma candida), for N. B. Kinnear, and 1 skin of a francolin (/rancolinus fricki), for Dr. W. L. Sclater; to the Bruce Museum, Greenwich, Conn., 15 birds from Dominica, West Indies, for Paul G. Howes; to the California Academy of Sciences, REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 ri San Francisco, 1 skin of a petrel (Oceanodroma macrodactyla) for Mrs. Mary E. McLellan Davidson and 2 skins of Galapagos ground finches (Geospiza) for Harry S. Swarth; to the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 8 skins of a hummingbird (Oreopyra viridipallens) for Donald R. Dickey; to the Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pa., 31 skins of chickadees (Penthestes, various species) and 18 skins of Pachysylvia, for W. E. Clyde Todd; to the Cleve- land Museum of Natural History, Ohio, 5 skins of forms of the peregrine falcon for George Finlay Simmons; to the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, 10 birds from Kashmir and Chile, 47 skins from Kashmir and Turkestan, 4 skins of a warbler (Sylvia curruca affinis), and 18 skins of a chat (Oenanthe oreophila) for Dr. C. E. Hellmayr, and 6 skins of Francolinus and the type of F. fricki, 1 skin of a praticole (Glareola ocularis), and 2 skins of a snipe (Capella hardwickii), for H. B. Conover, to J. Kugene Law, Aita- dena, Calif., 19 skins of various species of grackles (Hologuiscalus) ; to George Mason, London, England, 2 skins of 2 species of fruit pigeons; to the Museum of Comparative Zoédlogy, Cambridge, Mass., 12 lots numbering 1,211 skins of African birds, mostly from the Frick collection, for Dr. Herbert Friedmann, 9 skins of wrens (Heleodytes capistratus), for James L. Peters, 18 skins of wood- peckers (Picus canus sordidior), and 5 skins of small bitterns (Iaobrychus involucris) for Outram Bangs; to the State College of Washington, Pullman, 1 specimen of a rosy finch (Leucosticte lit- toralis) for Prof. Dana J. Leflingwell. In the division of reptiles, E. R. Dunn, A. H. Wright, G. E. Noble, Afranio do Amaral, C. E. Burt, Percy Viosca, jr., and Miss O. G. Stull have spent varying amounts of time studying the col- lections. Specimens were loaned to a number of institutions and specialists outside of Washington, the most important being as fol- lows: Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, Cambridge, Mass., 1,694 reptiles and amphibians for Dr. Thomas Barbour and A. Loveridge; L. M. Klauber, San Diego, Calif., 81 snakes; C. D. Bunker, Uni- versity of Kansas, 11 turtles; Zoological Museum of the University of Michigan, 1,293 reptiles and amphibians for Dr. A. Ruthven, Miss O. G. Stull, C. E. Burt, and Mrs. H. T. Gage; Dr. Malcolm Smith, London, England, 18 reptiles and amphibians in connection with his study of the herpetology of Siam; Dr. A. W. Wright, Cornell University, 331 adult frogs and tadpoles in furtherance of his researches into North American species. _ The following investigators worked in the division of fishes; Dr. R. V. Truitt and class, University of Maryland, College Park; Walter Hinton, National Geographic Society, Washington, D. C., who examined certain specimens from New York State; Carl L. 78 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 Hubbs, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, who examined fresh- — water fishes from the Eastern and Southern States; S. F. Hilde- — brand, Marine Biological Laboratory, Beaufort, N. C., who exam- ined Cichlids in connection with matter from the laboratory at — Beaufort; A. E. Parr, of the Bingham Oceanographic Collections, — Yale University, who examined Scopelids in connection with work — upon this group of deep-sea fishes. Assistance was also rendered — Mr. Parr in the comparison of certain eels. Percy Viosca, jr., de- — partment of conservation of the State of Louisiana, New Orleans, examined Micropterids in connection with an investigation of the black basses of Louisiana and neighboring States. In addition to four barrels of Philippine fishes shipped to H. W. Fowler, of the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences, to be reported on in the bulle- tin on the fishes collected by the Adbatross, there have been loaned 15 specimens to J. H. Norman, British Museum (Natural History), — London; 6 specimens to Dr. William Beebe, Zoological Society, New York; and 2 specimens to John R. Greeley, Cornell University, — Ithaca, N. Y. 4 Entomological material for study purposes to the extent of 8,288 — specimens was loaned to 33 institutions and investigators. Among — those to whom large consignments were sent may be mentioned the following: Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 86 roaches — and flies; Dr. H. W. Allen, Moorestown, N. J., 424 wasps; H. G. © Barber, Roselle, N. J., 197 Hemiptera; Dr. J. Bequaert, Boston, — Mass., 499 wasps and flies; British Museum (Natural History), Lon- © don, 136 bees and flies; F. M. Carpenter, Boston, Mass., 125 miscel- laneous insects; David G. Hall, Lawrence, Kans., 73 flies; Dr. H. M. © Harris, Ames, Iowa, 185 Hemiptera; Dr. W. Horn, Berlin, Ger- many, 188 beetles; Dr. H. C. Huckett, Riverhead, N. Y., 383 flies; C. E. Mickel, St. Paul, Minn., 617 wasps; Dr. J. G. Needham, Cor- — nell University, 967 dragonflies; Dr. F. Ohaus, Mainz, Germany, © - 8,106 beetles; V. S. L. Pate, Ithaca, N. Y., 87 wasps; H. H. Ross, Urbana, IIl., 558 sawflies; and the Zoological Museum of the Acad- emy of Sciences, Leningrad, 124 miscellaneous insects. Numerous workers visiting the division of insects during the year for the purpose of studying the collections or gaining assistance from the various specialists were: Dr. H. W. Allen, Japanese beetle laboratory, Moorestown, N. J., spent about 10 days in the study © of Tiphia. Prof. James G. Needham, Cornell University, Ithaca, — N. Y., spent a week at the Museum studying the collection of dragon- — flies (Odonata), and borrowed material to finish his critical study — of this group. Dr. W. A. Hoffman, School of Tropical Medicine, — San Juan, P. R., studied blood-sucking flies. Prof. G.C. Crampton, ~ “REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 79 Massachusetts Agricultural College, Amherst, examined specimens in connection with his investigations in insect morphology. Ray T. Webber, gypsy-moth laboratory, Melrose Highlands, Mass., and W. H. Thorpe, Zoological Laboratory, Cambridge, England, exam- ined Diptera. Dr. Joseph Bequaert, School of Tropical Medicine, Boston, Mass., examined Diptera and Hymenoptera.. Among en- tomologists from the Fourth International Congress at Ithaca who examined the collections may be mentioned Leif R. Natvig, curator in the Zoological Museum, the Royal Frederick University, Oslo, Norway; Dr. Walther Horn, of Berlin (who remained about three weeks); and Baron Von Rosen, of the Museum at Munich. W. J. Showalter was rendered assistance in connection with 16 colored plates for his article, “ Insect Rivals of the Rainbow,” which appeared in the July, 1929, number of the National Geographic Magazine, photographs being taken from insects spread for this purpose at the Museum. At the present time H. G. Hallock is engaged in a revision of the parasitic flies of the genus Cryp- tomeigenia, based on Museum material, and David G. Hall, of Coachilla Valley, Riverside County, Calif., is working on South American Sarcophagidae. The division of marine invertebrates is fortunate in having estab- lished a system of mutual assistance in research work with outside specialists who on the one hand are helped in their investigations by examination of Museum material, while on the other the Museum benefits by having material identified. The assistance of the fol- lowing specialists in handling during the year about 500 specimens has been highly appreciated: Dr. Henry B. Bigelow, Medusae, Ctenophora; Dr. H. Boschma, Rhinocephalids (Crustacea); Dr. Wesley L. Coe, Nemerteans; M. W. de Laubenfels, Porifera; Prof. G. S. Dodds, fresh-water Entomostraca; Dr. Walter K. Fisher, Sipunculids; Dr. C. McLean Fraser, Hydroids; Prof. Gordon E. Gates, earthworms; Dr. W. P. Hay, Crustacea; Dr. A. G. Huntsman, Ascidians; Dr. Labbie Hyman, Turbellaria (flatworms) ; Dr. Chaun- cey Juday, Cladocera (Crustacea); T. Kaburski, Turbellaria; Dr. C. Dwight Marsh, fresh-water Copepods; Dr. Maynard M. Met- calf, Salpa, Pyrosoma, Protozoa; Dr. J. Percy Moore, leeches; Frank J. Myers, Rotatoria; Dr. Yo Okada, Phyllopoda; Dr. Raymond C. Osburn, Bryozoa; Dr. A. S. Pearse, Limnadia; Dr. Henry A. Pils- bry, barnacles; Capt. F. A. Potts, Rhizocephalids (Crustacea) ; Prof. Frank Smith, earthworms and fresh-water sponges; Miss Caroline EK. Stringer, Turbellaria; Dr. W. M. Tattersall, Mysidacea (Crus- tacea) ; Dr. A. L. Treadwell, Annelids; Dr. C. B. Wilson, parasitic and free-swimming marine Copepods; Dr. H. V. Wilson, Porifera. 80 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 In addition to those listed above, a number of nonresident investi- gators have been assisted in researches by loan of specimens, as follows: Miss Bella A. Stevens, department of zoology, University of Washington, Seattle, 11 specimens of Callianassa in the further- ance of studies on west-coast Crustacea; Dr. Carl Zimmer, Zoological Museum, University of Berlin, German, 838 specimens of Diastylis — for studies on the Cumacea; E. W. Bennett, lecturer in biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, 118 specimens of crabs for study in connection with a monographic revision of the family Hymenocracinidae; Dr. Henry B. Bigelow, Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, 72 specimens of Epphausiids for study in connection with biological investigations in the Gulf of Maine; Charles J. Shen, Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Peking, China, 3 specimens of Asellus for examination in connection with a study of the ter- restrial Isopods of China; Miss Isabella Gordon, British Museum (Natural History), London, England, one specimen of Lamunida picta for examination in connection with studies on Atlantic Galathoidae; Edward J. Matthews, Johns Hopkins University, Bal- timore, 7 lots of bottom samples in connection with a search for certain rare minerals supposedly of meteoric origin. Bron Chuay Inframbarya and Subhajaya Vanijvadham, of Bang- kok, Siam, spent several months in gaining familiarity with the classification of Crustacea in general and oriental representatives of the group in particular. Phil Powers, Rice Institute, Houston, Tex., devoted the better part of a week to the examination of New Eng- land annelids in connection with studies in cooperation with William Procter, of the Biological Survey, Mount Desert Island. Dr. Robert E. Coker, University of North Carolina, on two occasions spent several days consulting literature dealing with fresh-water Crustacea. Kenneth L. Hobbs, George Washington University, was occupied for several days a week in our laboratories for a period of four months in identifying and preparing a report upon a collection of Crustacea made at the Puget Sound marine biological station of the University of Washington at Friday Harbor. He also devoted some time to a taxonomic study of certain phyllopod Crustacea. Dr. D. K. Palmer, University of Washington, spent two days in the division consulting the collections of fossil Crustacea and in studying the anatomy of the horseshoe crab. Among other visitors and specialists who have availed themselves of the collections in the division are the following: H. A. Raider, Shanghai, China, Crustacea; Dr. Albert Mann, Carnegie Institution of Washington, D. C., marine deposits; Dr. Carl Zimmer, director of the Zoological Museum, University of Berlin, Germany, Crustacea; REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 81 Herbert N. Lowe, Long Beach, Calif., Crustacea; Dr. W. Hay, Wash- ington, D. C., Crustacea; W. S. Cole, Cornell University, Foramini- fera; Gifford Pinchot, Washington, D. C., marine invertebrates; Dr. Belle A. Stevens, Seattle, Wash., Crustacea; Dr. A. E. Parr, Peabody Museum, New Haven, Conn., marine invertebrates; Dr. Walter K. Fisher, Stanford University, marine collections; Prof. A. N. Derjavin, Vladivostok, Crustacea; Dr. J. A. Cushman, Sharon, Mass., Foraminifera; Dr. W. W. Alpatov, University of Moscow, Crustacea; Dr. A. A. Pearse, Duke University, Crustacea; Dr. C. Dwight Marsh, United States Department of Agriculture, Crustacea (Copepods) ; Dr. E. W. Berry, Johns Hopkins University, marine deposits; Dr. H. B. Bigelow, Museum of Comparative Zoology, oceanography; Dr. J. P. Galtstoff, United States Bureau of Fish- eries, Crustacea. In the division of mollusks Dr. Bernard Smith, of New York State Museum, spent three weeks examining embryonic shell char- acters of mollusks belonging to the genus Conus, in search for char- acters that may throw light upon their phylogeny. Miss Pearl Hicks spent a great deal of time in the Museum upon a study of the anatomy of 100 hybrid Cerions. Miss Karla L. Heurich has almost completed a biometric study of the very variable V2vipara lanaonis collected by the curator in Lake Lanao, Mindanao, checking the em- bryo shells against the parent. ‘The collections have also been con- ‘sulted by Drs. Wendell ‘C. Mansfield, C. Wythe Cooke, and Julia Gardner, members of the Geological Survey staff, who have had con- stant use of specimens for comparative purposes. The following individuals have spent some time in the division examining and studying material: Dr. F. Krantz, Bonn, Germany; Le Roy Topping, Honolulu, Hawaii; Dr. F. M. MacFarland, Stan- ford University; Horace G. Richards, University of Pennsylvania; Dr. I. F. Moll, Berlin, Germany; Dr. Demetrius Sinitsin, Bureau of Animal Industry; Gerrit Bevelander, Johns Hopkins University; C. B. Pratt, Miami, Fla.; N. W. Lermond, Rockland, Me.; Dr. and Mrs. OC. L. Fenton, Cincinnati, Ohio; Maxwell Smith, Palm Beach, Fla.; and Dr. Robert E. Coker, Chapel Hill, N. C. Specimens were loaned for study to the following specialists: Dr. Guy C. Robson, British Museum (Natural History), London; W. S. Wright, San Diego Society of Natural History; Dr. Bruce L. Clark, University of California; and Miss Anne Morgan, Mount Holyoke College. During the year in the division of Echinoderms, Prof. Walter K. Fisher, director of the Hopkins marine laboratory, worked on the starfish collection, studying especially the species inhabiting the North Pacific area. Dr. Th. Mortensen, of the Zoological Museum, 82 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 Copenhagen, Denmark, continued work on the sea urchins collected by the Aldatvoss among the Philippines and in adjacent waters. Miss Elizabeth Deichmann is continuing the work begun by Dr. Hubert Lyman Clark, of the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, on the holothurians of the Aldatross Philippine expedition. In the division of plants the cooperative studies of the leguminous — families Caesalpiniaceae and Mimosaceae undertaken by Dr. J. N. Rose and Dr. N. L. Britton have been continued by Doctor Britton since the death of Doctor Rose in May, 1928. Two papers con- cluding the studies of Mimosaceae in North America have been pub- lished and work is nearly completed upon the first portion of the Caesalpiniaceae. As in former years, much help has been extended to outside stu- dents by the loan of specimens from the National Herbarium. Lo- cally, 41 lots of material, aggregating 763 specimens, have been lent to investigators in the Bureau of Plant Industry. In addition, a considerable number of Compositae were examined in the herbarium by Dr. S. F. Blake, of the bureau staff, in connection with current studies of that family. Out-of-town botanists who have conducted studies at the herbarium, and the special subjects investigated, are as follows: Dr. A. Gunderson, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, the genus Frankenia; Prof. R. M. Jennison, University of Tennessee, flora of Tennessee; Prof. Aven Nelson, University of Wyoming, flora of the _ Rocky Mountains; Miss Mildred Mathias, Missouri Botanical Garden, family Umbelliferae; Prof. Morton E. Peck, Willamette University, Salem, Greg., flora of Oregon; A. E. Porsild, of the Canadian Na- tional Herbarium, flora of Arctic Canada and adjacent parts of Alaska; Felipe H. Salvosa, Bureau of Forestry, Manila, the genus Rhizophora; Dr. BK. E. Sheriff, Field Museum of Natural History, Bidens, and related genera; Dr. J. K. Small, New York Botanical Garden, flora of southeastern United States; Albert E. Smith, New York Botanical Garden, flora of Colombia and Ecuador; G. Ledyard Stebbins, jr., Gray Herbarium, grasses; Dr. T. Tanaka, Taihoku Imperial University, citrus and related genera; Dr. Norman Taylor, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, grasses; C. A. Weatherby, Gray Her- barium, ferns. Material loaned for study to institutions or to individuals out- side of Washington during the year consisted of 102 lots aggregating 9,577 specimens, the most important sendings being as follows: Botanisches Museum, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany, 677 specimens of plants; B. F. Bush, Courtney, Missouri, 147 specimens of T2lia; University of California, Berkeley, Calif., 880 specimens of ferns; University of California at Los Angeles, 246 specimens of Labiatae; Universitetets Botaniske Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark, 122 specimens; Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, 3,278 speci- REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 83 mens; Prof. Hugo Gliick, Heidelberg, Germany, 110 plants; Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, 829 specimens; University of Illinois, Urbana, 86 specimens of Piperaceae; the Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, 654 specimens; the New York Botanical Garden, 652 specimens; New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, N. Y., 227 specimens; College of the Pacific, Stockton, Calif., 259 specimens of Polygonum, Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila- delphia, 205 specimens; Pomona College, Claremont, Calif., 720 specimens; Botanic Institute of Charles University, Prague, Czecho- slovakia, 145 specimens of Pityrogramma. ASSISTANCE BY MEMBERS OF STAFF TO OTHER GOVERNMENT BUREAUS AND PRIVATE INDIVIDUALS Assistance of this kind usually takes the form of identification of specimens, looking up literature, verifying quotations, discussions of moot points in-taxonomy and nomenclature, answering questions as to habits of animals, or where and how to obtain specimens. Requests occasionally are received for the complete natural history as well as detailed bibliographies of certain species or even groups. Considerable help is given to the students and staffs of educational and kindred institutions with regard to research and thesis work. The number of specimens thus handled and inquiries answered runs into many thousands each year. All are given careful consideration and the assistance rendered may in many cases involve protracted research. Detailed reports were made by the curator of the division of mammals on a total of 38 lots comprising about 98 specimens. Be- sides attending to the usual miscellaneous inquiries, he gave con- siderable assistance to Dr. C. W. Stiles, Hygienic Laboratory, United States Public Health Service, in bibliographic work on the primates and bats. Assistance of various kinds, chiefly bibliographical, was rendered in the division of birds on numerous occasions to members of the Biological Survey to facilitate their investigations. As in previ- ous years, the authorities of the Natiotfal Zoological Park were provided with identifications of specimens, correction of technical names, and other information. Opinion was given on plumage submitted by officials of the Customs Bureau of the United States Treasury. Sixteen lots of specimens, including four lots of feathers and downs, were received for identification during the year. As- sistance was given the Cleveland Museum of Natural History in ar- ranging for photostat copies of certain pages in thirty or more books and periodicals dealing with ornithology. Some assistance was also rendered private individuals and officials interested in naval aircraft work, who desired information concerning the struc- 84 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 ture of feathers. For the benefit of the same parties, Dr. A. Wetmore exhibited moving picture films of birds in flight. Forty-five lots of material received for examination and report were handled in the division of reptiles and batrachians. The Gov- ernment bureaus mostly concerned were the Federal Horticultural Board and the Biological Survey. In the division of fishes, assistance was rendered the United States Bureau of Fisheries, Dr. David Starr Jordan, Stanford University, and other institutions and individuals, as well as those seeking answers to questions relating to fishes. nem lots of fishes were received for examination and report. Most of the identification work comes to the oe of insects from the different branches of the Department of Agriculture, from State experiment stations and individual entomologists. Over 200 shipments of specimens were received for the purpose of identifica- tion and were distributed to the various specialists for determina- tion. Among those who have sent shipments to the Museum for identi- fication may be mentioned: Prof. M. Valerio, San Jose, Costa Rica; Manuel Perez Torres, San German, P. R.; Dr. F. Felippone, Monte- video, Uruguay; D. 8. Bullock, Angol, Chili; C. R. Orcutt, Kingston, Jamaica; Rev. Sebastian Gates, Grenada, British West Indies; A. P. Jacot, Tsinan, China; Gerald F. Hill, East Melbourne, Australia; S. Calderon, San Salvador, Central America; Dr. G. Russo, Moca, Dominican Republic; G. A. Mavromoustakis, Cyprus; C. F. Wu, Peking, China; Anastasio Alfaro, San Jose, Costa Rica; HE. H. Bryan, jr., Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii; Heinrich Schmidt, San Jose, Costa Rica; Dr. N. Gist Gee, Peking, China; R. H. S. Laboratory (G. Fox Wilson), Surrey, England; J. E. Collin, New- market, England; Fabian Ortiz, Guatemala; Stuart T. Danforth, University of Porto Rico; Dr. H. Pittier, Caracas, Venezuela; Harold Box, Tucuman, Argentina; Prof. F. Campos R. Guayaquil, Ecuador; G. E. Gates, Judson College, Rangoon, Burma; Dr. F. H. Baker, Richmond, Australia. In the division of marine invertebrates, 148 separate transactions relating to identification of material received for identification and report were recorded during the year. Many of these came from Government agencies or institutions in the United States, as the Bureau of Fisheries; plant quarantine and control administration, Department of Agriculture; State Plant Board of Mississippi; agri- cultural experiment station, Bozeman, Mont.; Florida State Mu- seum; as well as the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu. Similar agencies and institutions abroad included the Biological Board of Canada; agricultural experiment station, Paramaribo, Surinam; Public Library, Museum, and Art Gallery of South Australia; and en Pe ae ee REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 85 the National Museum of Costa Rica. A large amount of information in the form of identification and pertinent references to literature was furnished to students and staff of 18 universities and colleges, in addition to numerous private individuals. © In the division of mollusks, 34 lots of material were identified and. returned and numerous snails and slugs were named for the plant quarantine and control administration to determine whether these organisms, imported with plants, were of kinds injurious to horticulture. In February, at the request of the United States Ship- ping Board, the curator went to Boston to testify in a suit brought against the board for loss to a cargo of mahogany, sustained in pari through an attack of shipworms, which it was believed had occurred in transit, but the source of which proved to have been occasioned while the logs were anchored in the mouth of a river in West Africa before shipping. In the division of echinoderms, 72 lots of material were received for identification during the year. In the division of plants assistance was rendered to various Gov- ernment bureaus, as the Bureau of American Ethnology, the Geo- logical Survey, and several bureaus of the Department of Agricul- ture, as well as to State universities, numerous scientific and educa- tional institutions, and private individuals, upon a great variety of subjects. Much of the help extended relates to inquiries regarding appropriate literature, herbarium management, geographical distri- bution of species, bibliographical details and the like, while a large part consists in providing identifications of plant material submitted for that purpose, sometimes informally by local residents. In all, some 283 lots of material consisting of 6,092 specimens have been received and reported upon during the present year, a smaller num- ber than usual. VISITS TO OTHER INSTITUTIONS OR PLACES ON OFFICIAL WORK During May and June Dr. Remington Kellogg, assistant curator of mammals, visited California in coop@ration with the Carnegie Institution of Washington, primarily for the purpose of examining specimens of fossil cetaceans belonging to Dr. A. P. Ousdal, of Santa Barbara. W. L. Brown, chief taxidermist, was detailed for four days during April of the present year to visit the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, and the Brooklyn Museum for the pur- pose of studying methods of tanning mammal skins employed in these museums. Dr. A. Wetmore, Dr. Charles W. Richmond, and Mr. J. H. Riley attended the annual meeting of the American Ornithologists’ Union at Charleston, S. C.,in November, 1928, and inspected the Charleston 86 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 Museum at that time. Doctor Wetmore also visited the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy at Cambridge, Mass.; the Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University; the American Museum of Natural History in New York City; and the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia, in May, 1929, when he studied various ma- terials in connection with business for the Museum. J. H. Riley, in company with Herbert Barber, visited Wingina, Va., May 7 to ‘10, 1929, to pack the collection of the late Col. Wirt Robinson for shipment to Washington. Doctor Richmond visited Olney, II1., in the latter part of March to secure the various manuscripts and papers left on the death of Mr. Ridgway and forward them to the Museum. In August, 1928, Miss Cochran was detailed to study Hispaniolan reptiles and amphibians in the museums of Philadelphia, New York, and Cambridge in connection with a report on the herpe- tology of the island. The associate curator of insects, J. M. Aldrich, attended the Fourth International Congress of Entomology at Ithaca, and visited the American Museum of Natural History, New York, for the pur- pose of studying type specimens in the collection of diptera. At the close of the fiscal year he was detailed to proceed to London to study types in the British Museum. Doctor Schaus visited the Brooklyn Museum to transport personally to Washington the types of Lepidoptera transferred from their collection. He also went over the entire collection of Lepidoptera to make sure that it was in proper condition for shipping to the National Museum. Mr. Barber visited the Brooklyn Museum, American Museum of Natural History, and the Staten Island Public Museum in connection with attendance on the meetings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in New York City. In addition he made a trip to Wingina, Va., to pack and assist in bringing to Washington the collection of Coleoptera which was bequeathed to the Museum by Col. Wirt Robinson. Doctor Boéving attended the Fourth Interna- tional Entomological Congress at Ithaca, and while there made many contacts of benefit. He also attended the meetings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and during this period visited the American Museum and other scientific insti- tutions in New York City. Doctor Bartsch, curator of mollusks, while in Cuba under the auspices of the Walter Rathbone Bacon scholarship, visited the Uni- versity of Havana, where he was granted office space for head- quarters during his work on the island. Austin H. Clark, curator of echinoderms, visited the American Museum of Natural History in New York on two separate occasions, : REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 87 and attended the meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Visits to other institutions by members of the staff in the division of plants include two short periods of study at the New York Botanical Garden and the Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila- delphia, by Mr. Killip during the year. The honorary curator, Frederick V. Coville, was designated as a representative of the United States Government to attend the Fourth Pan-American Science Congress held in Java during May. DISTRIBUTION AND EXCHANGE OF SPECIMENS Duplicates distributed to high schools, colleges, and other similar ‘institutions aggregated 2,539 specimens, of which 1,990 consisted of mollusks and fishes in 9 sets each. Exchanges to the number of 21,969 were sent out, of which 2,358 were zoological specimens. Of the 19,611 plants thus distributed exchanges comprising lots of 1,000 specimens and over were sent to the Botanical Museum of the University of Copenhagen; the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England; the New York Botanical Garden, and the botanical section of the Riksmuseum, Stockholm. NUMBER OF SPECIMENS UNDER THE DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY The number of specimens, including duplicates, as far as has been ascertained by count and estimate, now exceeds 8,750,000. The total number is probably much greater since several collections, as the corals, have not been included in the estimate, nor does the number of plants given below include unmounted material of the lower cryptogams. Hstimated number of specimens Division : BET CCAIA DEAT AN SS eee este ec eS ee ee ae 84, 427 Birds— SHES ot Se UR 8 0 eR eet Et Spee ee ate Mer emapes © Renee Sa 238, 261 PANT ONOIT CSIs Cas he RC ee ae eS BY OAG RST 0 1 See aN we Leo Sh ee 11, 020 DSS RS) SO ar a Re or ne eT ee ee 82,8 340, 382 Repiilesian Gd) amphibians ae 2s soe Se ee ee es eee ees 87, 913 1S EYSH RSS a ee SE ET en ee eT ROE ts OP 711, 697 OSV SCARS a RI cS ee Rae pan eR PES SN nN ry GO AU Ue 3, 312, 534 RATING MINVETTCDTATECS ne 799, 948 OED UEDA ae al RUC aS a SKS SDE at URE RN SS 1, 923, 241 SSSR TE UTA) a a a RO ra eek ie ne a 29, 185 Henimoderms.2 5 SS AAI ee II ON 152, 723 PHU Le SED CAE I I ee OS Sean ean UIC SL OC Ra eet EESEMEN 2c see 1, 406, 317 Sf OORT 5 esa a OS Se I NE SO ene ee eran 8, 848, 367 75876—298-——_7 Eniahya weld hi ond. ecperui ky MESSE RE EE : i i . Saar ost Pps iF di ag sue e } a pb apuite bi nie a ; : rm "ied ea ge CPE eres 3 Ly rai) 9 Mec Ua : 1 ord ’ t 4 apis 5 , PTS ONG ‘ ‘ . OT ag | chap + ae ee a rh Ne os ee ais is ney A my OE Web is gh Abe ie pu . REPORT ON THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY By Grorece P. Merritt, Head Curator INTRODUCTION _ Notwithstanding certain adverse conditions, the accomplishments in the department of geology have been, on the whole, satisfactory, although progress in some of the divisions has been necessarily limited. The prolonged indisposition of one.assistant curator and _ the extended absence of others of the staff in the field have retarded work in the laboratories to a considerable extent, but in general, pending matters have been carried on, and the advantages derived from the field operations in progress will fully compensate for any deficiency in other activities. ‘The year has not been marked by the receipt of such outstanding large accessions as have come in the immediate past, hence it has been possible to devote more time to the collections already in hand. Field explorations have been so limited in the past by lack of funds that the activities of the year, particularly in mineralogy and vertebrate paleontology, have been encouraging beyond prece- dent. The assistant curator of mineralogy has spent four months in the field and will be so engaged for at least another month; the curator, assistant curator, and one of the preparators in vertebrate paleontology have engaged in four distinct field operations; and the associate curator in stratigraphic paleontology spent more than two months in investigations in Rocky Mountain Cambrian geology. ACCESSIONS FOR THE YEAR The accessions for the year, tabulated below, show a decided de- crease, especially in number of specimens, compared with last year, when 212 accessions comprising 112,747 specimens were recorded. The high standard of the acquisitions, however, has been fully upheld. Division Accessions Specimens Geology, systematic and applied______________________ 24 286 meralogy and petrology... 8 ee Se 76 354 Stratigraphic paleontology _________.________________ 56 ps2 MTC NUALe Waleambolopy eet ace beepers eeee yey le te 29 185 12, 416 90 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 Taken in the order listed above, the more important of these ac- cessions are noted below: A series of 30 specimens illustrating the building stones of Czechoslovakia was received in exchange for similar American mate- rial forwarded in 1927 to Dr. Jaroslav J. Jahn, at Brno. A slab of sandstone from near Abo, N. Mex., covered with pseudomorphs — of halite crystals, was received as a gift from W. B. Lang, Roswell, N. Mex. Through Victor C. Heikes and his son, George C. Heikes, examples of lead and zinc minerals were presented by Giesche Spolka Akcyjna from their mines at Katowice, Poland. Rock specimens illustrating a report on the Fairfield-Gettysburg quadrangle, in Pennsylvania, were transferred by the United States 4 Geological Survey. The meteorite collection has been materially increased. Of prime importance is a large individual iron weighing 1,060 pounds found in the Zuni mountains, about 40 miles south of Grant, N. Mex. This was purchased through the Roebling fund, to which is also credited a smaller iron weighing 1234 pounds, found near the western border of Red River County, Tex., and brought to our attention by Dr. L. W. Stephenson, of the United States Geological Survey. Still a third acquisition through this fund is a small meteoric stone from Lawrence, Kans., acquired through H. T. Martin, of the University of Kansas. As gifts to the meteorite collection there have been received: (1) From the State Museum of Illinois, a 1,000-gram fragment and cast of a stone which fell at Tilden, Ill., in July, 1927; (2) from Dr. Luciano Jacques de Moraes, a small but complete individual weigh- ing 25 grams of a meteorite forming part of a shower which fell at Sierra de Magi, Municipo de Pesqueira, Pernambuco, Brazil, Octcber 1, 1923; (8) from W. B. Lang, a small stone from an unknown fall found at Pecks Spring, Midland County, Tex. Through exchanges there have been received: (1) From Ward’s Natural Science Establishment an 11,995-gram slice of the Weekeroo, South Australia, meteoric iron; (2) from Mr. McKinney, through W. B. Lang, a 20,766-gram meteoric iron found at Odessa, Tex.; (3) from the University of Copenhagen, a slice weighing 1,065 grams from a large iron of Savik, North Greenland; (4) from Harvard University, a 53-pound slab of the iron of Alamo Ranch, 40 miles west of Carbo, State of Sonora, Mexico; and (5) from Prof. H. H. Nininger, a small slice of the meteoric stone found near Coldwater, Kans. The mineral collections are prospering in a very gratifying man- ner through the Roebling fund. The most striking addition to the exhibits is a large mass of pegmatite from Newry, Me. Less striking REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 91 from the standpoint of exhibition, but of no mecvunsiderable value, are a nugget of platinum from Choco, Colombia, South America, weighing 17.274 ounces; a geode of amethystine quartz from Brazil; and a cut gem of benitoite, weighing 7.7 carats, being the largest known cut stone of this mineral, the production of which was very limited. The study portion of the collection also has been materially increased in both specimens and species of minerals from American and foreign sources. As heretofore, exchanges with other institutions and individuals have been an important source of new materials. The principal or- ganizations cooperating have been the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; Royal Ontario Museum of Mineralogy, Canada; Technische Hoogeschool, Delft, Holland; Tokyo Geological Insti- tute; Magyar Nemzeti Muzeum, Budapest; Université de Gand and Université de Liege, Belgium; British Museum, London; Geo- logical Survey of India; Museo de Historia Natural, Bogota, Colom- bia; and National Central University, Nanking, China. Individuals who have cooperated in addition to these collections are M. Vonsen, who, on two occasions furnished fine examples of California borates; Prof. A. Pelloux, Genoa, rare Italian minerals; and Dr. Immanuel Friedlander, of Naples, Italy. A slab of very fine aventurine quartz was donated by Col. W. B. Thompson, Yonkers, N. Y., in return for courtesies extended by the department. Attractive objects have been added to the gem collection through the Chamberlain fund, notable among them being a carved statuette of rose quartz; a Chinese carving of tourmaline of unusual colors; a yellow topaz weighing 34 carats; a blue topaz from Maine weigh- ing 48.7 carats; a cameo of Hungarian opal; a bracelet of Indian workmanship set with a large, fine-colored turquoise; and a cut gem of pollucite acquired more for the rarity of material sufficiently clear vather than for its suitability for gem purposes. William B. Pitts, Sunnyvale, Calif., made a second donation of rough and cut gem stones, and Dr. F. E. Wright, of the Geophysical eager pre- sented a stickpin carved from crocidolite. Type specimens constitute the most valuable material serrated by the division of stratigraphic paleontology. These include sev- eral lots of Upper Paleozoic ostracods, and two lots of Mississippian and Pennsylvanian invertebrates ae Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Kansas, received from Bruce L. Harlton, of the Amerada Peitalams Corporation, and Dr. Charles Ryniker, of the Gypsy Oil Co., Tulsa, Okla., respectively. Other ostracod types were donated by Miss Betty Kellett, Cushman Laboratory, Sharon, Mass. The State Geological sas of Florida presented cotypes of Foraminifera de- 92 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 scribed by Dr. T. Wayland Vaughan and a fossil crab described by Dr. Mary Rathbun. Type material from the Upper Cretaceous of Alabama, figured in reports of the survey of that State and the United States Geological Survey, was transferred by the latter organization. By exchange with Ward’s Natural Science Establishment we were given the opportunity to secure types of Devonian invertebrates from the Webster collection, one of the older noted collections illus- trative of the Devonian of the Mississippi Valley. The collaboration of Dr. August F. Foerste in his study of the Lower Paleozoic formations of Kstonia and neighboring countries of Europe brought to the Museum valuable material which will be of service in the intercontinental studies now under way by members of the division. Similarly, Dr. Erwin Pohl contributed a series of invertebrates collected from the Windsor formation of Nova Scotia during the summer of 1928. The Cambrian collection was increased by the field work of the associate curator and by the transfers from the United States Geo- logical Survey. . The Geological Institute of Charles University, Prague, pre- sented an excellent series of Bohemian Ordovician, Devonian, and Cretaceous species of Bryozoa, all new to the collection and valuable for comparison with American faunas. C. T. A. Gaster, of Hove, Sussex, England, who collected many of the described species from the Cretaceous of England, presented 250 specimens of Cretaceous bryozoans from Sussex, thus supplying us with topotypes of many of the English forms. Oil drillings in the Tertiary rocks of Aus- tralia brought to light some new faunas of this group, five lots of which were donated by Dr. F. C. Chapman, of Melbourne, with the request that they be studied in order to throw light upon stratigraphic projects now under way. Additions to the echinoderm collection, though few m number, consist of exceptionally well-preserved examples. Three rare star- fishes and five crinoids from the Ordovician of Minnesota were ac- quired through the Springer fund, and a gift from W. A. Betikofer, Washington, D. C., comprised two starfishes from the Devonian of New York. These are not only excellent specimens but indicate a new locality which may yield additional good material. A very rare and interesting echinoid from the Mississippian rocks of Tennessee was acquired by exchange with the University of Virginia. Dr. Mary Rathbun’s continued interest in building up the fossil crab collection has resulted in various accessions, those from Wash- ington and Stanford Universities, and from the Florida survey, mentioned above, being especially noteworthy. REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 93 Again Frank Beckwith has presented Middle Cambrian trilobites from Utah; E. H. Vaupel choice Silurian fossils from southwestern Ohio; and the researches of Rev. David C. Graham in China have afforded interesting material from that country. Additional gifts notable for rarity and scientific interest include types of fossil beetles from the Eocene of Tennessee and Arkansas, of Cretaceous Foraminifera and an Eocene insect from Tennessee, presented by Dr. E. W. Berry, Johns Hopkins University; and sev- eral excellent Silurian crinoids and a rare Devonian sponge, by Prof. W. H. Shideler, Oxford, Ohio. Accessions of paleobotanical material, although few in number, include material of unusual interest. Type specimens of fresh- water algal deposits from the Green River formation of Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming, were transferred by the United States Geo- logical Survey. An exchange with the Riks Museum at Stockholm yielded excellent exhibition and study material from the Permo- Carboniferous of Shansi, China; and Prof. O. M. Ball, College Station, Tex., presented 50 fossil plants from Colorado and Texas. The material resulting from field operations by Curator Gilmore’s party in the Two Medicine formation of Montana is of primary interest and importance to the vertebrate collections. Outstanding specimens are an incomplete skeleton of the lttle known Panoplo- saurus, a skull of an undescribed armored dinosaur, two partial skele- tons of a hadrosaurian dinosaur, parts of a skeleton of Monoclonius, and the frill portion of the horned dinosaur Styracosaurus. The collection from this expedition as a whole has much scientific significance. Among other important accessions are the Pleistocene mammals obtained by Assistant Curator Gidley at Melbourne, Fla., during work financed jointly by Childs Frick and the Smithsonian Institu- tion; the collections made by H. T. Stearns, of the United States Geological Survey in Idaho; and four elephant teeth from North Carolina, gift of the American Museum of Natural History. The Florida collection includes a new species of bear and material giving important data on the age of the beds from which it was obtained. The material from Idaho, transferred by the survey, was considered of enough importance to justify further investigation by a field party from the Museum. Our collection of fossil footprints was augmented by slabs from the Triassic of Massachusetts, acquired through an exchange with the museum at Amherst College. INSTALLATION AND PRESERVATION OF COLLECTIONS The 1,060-pound meteorite from the Zuni Mountains was installed on a pedestal in the hall devoted to physical and chemical geology. | 94. REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 This large, pyramidal-shaped object is unlike any other meteorite in the collection and forms a striking addition to the display. Others of the newly acquired meteorites were added to the case exhibits, a number of the smaller examples being removed and relegated to the study collections. A case containing drill cores from potash deposits in New Mexico and Texas forms the chief addition to the economic exhibits. These are from collections transferred last year by the United States Geo- logical Survey, a member of whose staff, E. P. Henderson, installed the exhibit. Several of the cases somewhat hastily installed during the World War, notably the exhibit of uranium-vanadium ores, were over- hauled under the direction of the head curator and small or dupli- cate specimens eliminated, while other cases were dismantled, the materials having served their purpose and their display considered no longer necessary. No important changes have been made in the mineral exhibits, the preliminary work of the Roebling and Canfield collections not having reached a point where the contemplated changes that are to be made in the systematic arrangement could be carried out. The extended absence of the assistant curator has been the chief factor in delaying this work. The large pegmatite mass noted in the accessions was installed as a special exhibit. Green and pink tourmaline, violet lepidolite, and white albite mingled in this specimen make it a unique object. No work other than the annual cleaning and overhauling has been attempted in the exhibits in stratigraphic paleontology, including paleobotany. This work was more pressing this year than usual on account of the dust due to repairs on the rotunda. Condensation and better arrangement of certain of the exhibits furnished some additional space. Further reduction by elimination of the less choice material must be resorted to in order to install new exhibits since practically all available space is now utilized. Minor repairs and some renovation constituted the only work on the exhibits in vertebrate paleontology. A complete rearrangement is anticipated in connection with the mounting of the Diplodocus skeleton, a work which it is expected will be begun early in the fall. Work on the records and in the laboratories has been continuous. One accomplishment of the year has been the assembling of materials and preparation of a series of school sets illustrating the weathering of rocks and formation of soils. ‘These were collected, trimmed, labeled, packed, and made ready for distribution. One hundred similar sets of rocks, minerals, and ores, made up from duplicates that have been accumulating for some years, and numbering upward of 80 specimens each, have also been made ready for distribution. REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 95 Several hundreds of pounds of black sands from the Pacific coast which have been stored in the loft for some years have been over- hauled by Mr. Shannon and representative samples selected where it was deemed advisable and placed in glass jars for preservation. The cataloguing of the Roebling collection of minerals was com- pleted, and the Canfield collection has been entirely rearranged, ready for inspection by the assistant curator before cataloguing. All of the collections secured by Doctor Foshag in Mexico in 1926 and 1927, minerals, rocks, and ores, have been arranged and catalogued. Efforts on the study collections in stratigraphic paleontology have been directed mainly toward the registration and numbering of specimens of both old and current accessions and toward a better arrangement of the various series as circumstances render prac- ticable. The receipt of several new storage cases made possible a better installation of the most valuable and fragile specimens and the thin sections, which have been placed in the curator’s office room. Here also additional bookcases accommodate a good working library resultant from the transfer from the Smithsonian Building of Doctor Walcott’s paleontological and stratigraphical pamphlets and volumes. Curator Bassler has devoted his time largely to the care of the post-Cambrian Paleozoic collections, Doctor Resser’s time has been fully occupied with his researches on the Cambrian, while the Mesozoic and Cenozoic collections have been under the custody of Doctors Stanton and Bartsch, respectively. Satisfactory progress has been made on the final installation of the Springer, Austin, Teller, and Foerste collections, and a beginning made on the con- densing and labeling of the large Williams collection of Devonian fossils. Two outstanding pieces of work were accomplished in the sec- tion of paleobotany—a reorganization of the library and _ biblio- graphic catalogues and a reduction of a considerable part of the duplicate collections by distributions as gifts or exchanges. Further condensation of the biologic series of fossil plants resulted from a general shifting incidental to painting the walls of the rooms. Acknowledgment is due to the various members of the United States Geological Survey who have quarters assigned them in this division for their efficient help in the care of the collections. The preparators in the division of vertebrate paleontology, as for several years past, have devoted themselves chiefly to the prepara- tory work on the Diplodocus skeleton. This is now so far advanced that it is confidently expected its erection can be begun early in the coming fall. Incidentally, some of the more important speci- mens of the 1928 Montana collection, articulated skeletons of Mery- a 96 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 coidodon, and a 3-toed horse, as well as various materials under investigation, have been prepared. The study collections were im- proved by a number of minor rearrangements, but on account of lack of space for storage, the mammal material is still in need of classification and distribution. The erection of storage galleries in the coming year will, it is hoped, better these conditions. | INVESTIGATION AND RESEARCH (a) Research by members of the staff—The head curator has continued his researches on meteorites, having prepared and pub- lished a brief paper on a newly acquired stone from Peck’s Spring, Tex. Revision of a previously prepared paper on the structure and composition of meteorites was also completed and the manuscript submitted for publication. Doctor Foshag spent approximately three months in a compre- hensive field study of the boron deposits of the western United States. Laboratory work in the early months of the year was given over largely to a study of the Mexican material collected in 1926 and 1927. Doctor Bassler, in collaboration with Ferdinand Canu, completed a monographic study of the Recent Bryozoa of the Galapagos Islands, which has been submitted for publication. At the request of the paleontologist of the Geological Survey of Australia, he has begun a study of the Tertiary bryozoans of that country in an effort to work out the underground stratigraphy of areas in southern Vic- toria now being searched for petroleum. Doctor Bassler’s further researches include cooperative work with the Geological Survey of Tennessee in a report dealing with the stratigraphy of the State. Mr. Gilmore has continued his study of Manennen turtles sub- mitted for investigation by the American Museum of Natural His- tory, and has cr anenedl a brief description of the osteology of a Pleistocene turtle from Florida. Studies of his Montana collection are under way, the armored dinosaur Panoplosaurus being given first consideration. Doctor Gidley has continued studies of the Pleistocene mammals from the cave deposits near Cumberland, Md., in connection with which certain material of the same age from Melbourne, Fla., is be- ing studied for comparative purposes. Remains of a fossil bear from the latter locality have been described. A restudy of the problem of the presence of early man in Florida, based on the field work in 1928, has been the subject of a paper prepared for publication. (6) Research by outside investigators aided by Museum material, including work in the Museum or material loaned.—F orest A. Gonyer REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 97 has again spent a year as student assistant in the chemical laboratory under the direction of Doctor Foshag, and has also engaged in an investigation of clay minerals for the National Research Council. The paleontological collections have been extensively studied for long or short periods by numerous members of both foreign and American universities, oil companies, and other organizations, who have investigated not only fossils of certain groups in which they were interested but methods of recording and installation. A com- parative study of the Cambrian collections with those of Manchuria is in progress by R. Endo, of the South Manchurian Educational College, who has been furnished office room and other facilities for the 2-year period which he anticipates spending in this work. Dr. H. S. Ladd, of the University of Virginia, is continuing his study of early Silurian fossils of the Mississippi Valley in connection with a report in preparation for the lowa Geological Survey. Our methods of studying and illustrating microfossils were investigated by Bruce Harlton, of the Amerada Petroleum Corporation, and Dr. Charles Ryniker, of the Gypsy Oil Co. The collections have, as usual, been constantly under investigation by members of the United States Geological Survey, and Prof. E. W. Berry, of John Hopkins University, has spent one or two days each week in studying fossil plants. Dr. Remington Kellogg, now assist- ant curator of mammals, has continued his studies of the fossil cetaceans, and, as in previous years, has published descriptions of Museum specimens. Dr. O. P. Hay also has continued his use of the Pleistocene vertebrates. The benefit derived from this constant work on the collections is mutual. Within the year 1,801 specimens were transmitted to outside investigators. (ec) Assistance by members of the staff to other Government bu- reaus and private individuals—Information concerning various phases of the work of the department and the collections has been given to numerous callers, and members of other scientific bureaus of the Government have been constantly supplied with materials to aid in their researches. The amount of time given over to the identifi- cation of materials sent in from outside is not small. Within the year 383 lots have been reported on, including all vertebrate fossil material collected by the field parties of the United States Geologi- cal Survey, some of which are quite large collections requiring lengthy research. The furnishing of replies to official letters as well as answering those received personally but relating to official matters is also time consuming. During the year 415 letters from the division of correspondence passed through the head curator’s 96 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 coidodon, and a 3-toed horse, as well as various materials under investigation, have been prepared. The study collections were im- proved by a number of minor rearrangements, but on account of lack of space for storage, the mammal material is still in need of classification and distribution. The erection of storage galleries in the coming year will, it is hoped, better these conditions. INVESTIGATION AND RESEARCH. (a) Research by members of the staff—The head curator has continued his researches on meteorites, having prepared and pub- lished a brief paper on a newly acquired stone from Peck’s Spring, Tex. Revision of a previously prepared paper on the structure and composition of meteorites was also completed and the manuscript submitted for publication. Doctor Foshag spent approximately three months in a compre- hensive field study of the boron deposits of the western United States. Laboratory work in the early months of the year was given over largely to a study of the Mexican material collected in 1926 and 1927. Doctor Bassler, in collaboration with Ferdinand Canu, completed a monographic study of the Recent Bryozoa of the Galapagos Islands, which has been submitted for publication. At the request of the paleontologist of the Geological Survey of Australia, he has begun a study of the Tertiary bryozoans of that country in an effort to work out the underground stratigraphy of areas in southern Vic- toria now being searched for petroleum. Doctor Bassler’s further researches include cooperative work with the Geological Survey of Tennessee in a report dealing with the stratigraphy of the State. Mr. Gilmore has continued his study of iNiemeclion turtles sub- mitted for investigation by the American Museum of Natural His- tory, and has shearers a brief description of the osteology of a Pleistocene turtle from Florida. Studies of his Montana collection are under way, the armored dinosaur Panoplosaurus being given first consideration. Doctor Gidley has continued studies of the Pleistocene mammals from the cave deposits near Cumberland, Md., in connection with which certain material of the same age from Melbourne, Fla., is be- ing studied for comparative purposes. Remains of a fossil bear from the latter locality have been described. A restudy of the problem of | the presence of early man in Florida, based on the field work in 1928 has been the subject of a paper prepared for publication. (6) Research by outside investigators aided by Museum material, including work in the Museum or material loaned.—F orest A. Gonyer 3 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 97 has again spent a year as student assistant in the chemical laboratory under the direction of Doctor Foshag, and has also engaged in an investigation of clay minerals for the National Research Council. The paleontological collections have been extensively studied for long or short periods by numerous members of both foreign and American universities, oil companies, and other organizations, who have investigated not only fossils of certain groups in which they were interested but methods of recording and installation. A com- parative study of the Cambrian collections with those of Manchuria is in progress by R. Endo, of the South Manchurian Educational College, who has been furnished office room and other facilities for the 2-year period which he anticipates spending in this work. Dr. H. S. Ladd, of the University of Virginia, is continuing his study of early Silurian fossils of the Mississippi Valley in connection with a report in preparation for the lowa Geological Survey. Our methods of studying and illustrating microfossils were investigated by Bruce Harlton, of the Amerada Petroleum Corporation, and Dr. Charles Ryniker, of the Gypsy Oil Co. The collections have, as usual, been constantly under investigation by members of the United States Geological Survey, and Prof. E. W. Berry, of John Hopkins University, has spent one or two days each week in studying fossil plants. Dr. Remington Kellogg, now assist- ant curator of mammals, has continued his studies of the fossil cetaceans, and, as in previous years, has published descriptions of Museum specimens. Dr. O. P. Hay also has continued his use of the Pleistocene vertebrates. The benefit derived from this constant work on the collections is mutual. Within the year 1,801 specimens were transmitted to outside investigators. (ce) Assistance by members of the staff to other Government bu- reaus and private individuals—tInformation concerning various phases of the work of the department and the collections has been given to numerous callers, and members of other scientific bureaus of the Government have been constantly supplied with materials to aid in their researches. The amount of time given over to the identifi- cation of materials sent in from outside is not small. Within the year 383 lots have been reported on, including all vertebrate fossil material collected by the field parties of the United States Geologi- cal Survey, some of which are quite large collections requiring lengthy research. The furnishing of replies to official letters as well as answering those received personally but relating to official matters is also time consuming. During the year 415 letters from the division of correspondence passed through the head curator’s. 98 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 office; no record is kept of those ae and replied to directly from the Gree of the department. (d) Visits to other institutions on official work.—The majority of the scientific staff of the department attended the meetings of the geological, mineralogical, and paleontological societies of America at New York City and took advantage of the opportunity to examine | various collections in that city. Mr. Gilmore, on his return journey from his field work in Montana, visited the following institutions for the purpose of inspecting their paleontological collections: Uni- versity of Utah, Salt Lake City; University of Wyoming, Laramie; Colorado Museum of Natural History, Denver; University of Kan- sas, Lawrence; and Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago. DISTRIBUTION AND EXCHANGE OF SPECIMENS Of the sets illustrating phases of rock weathering and soil forma- tion, 18 comprising 244 specimens were presented to schools. Addi- tional material, prepared on special requests, shows the following numbers: 765 specimens at gifts, 1,801 specimens as loans for study, and 1,589 specimens as exchanges. Transfers to other Government departments consist of 22 specimens and 250 pounds of material in bulk. NUMBER OF SPECIMENS UNDER DEPARTMENT ~ The estimated totals as given by heads of divisions are as follows: Geology, ‘systematic-and “applied_2- 2 250. b Ag NM See 93, 044 Mineralogy: and: petrology: {= sou sn) Pie er ae Bee 132, 279 Stratigraphic: paleontology.) 0) Oe a ae “1, 765, 600 Vertebrate paleontology 24) pa ee ee 24, 497 opal iss EVO es UM ee ee 2, 015, 420 DEPARTMENT OF ARTS AND INDUSTRIES AND DIVISION OF HISTORY By WILLIAM DEC. RAVENEL, Director of Arts and Industries INTRODUCTION The year ended June 30, 1929, has been one of constant effort to improve the arrangement and condition of existing collections in the department of arts and industries and the division of history and at the same time to properly care for incoming collections. With a fixed exhibition area, already much overcrowded, attention has been focused on the arrangement and condensation of the col- lections in the least space with the best possible classification and installation. Replacements and betterments have generally been sought rather than new subjects for installation. This in part accounts for the fact that the additions to the collections have been decidedly fewer than for some years past. . In the division of graphic arts the services of the staff were largely devoted to the assembling of the work of the miniaturist Edward Greene Malbone for an exhibition in the National Gallery of Art, which reflected much credit on the institution. The photographic collection, as it becomes better known generally, is attracting to itself contributions of special note, and the prospects for its future are particularly bright. With regard to the division of history, it is felt that the events of this fiscal year will continue to affect the development of the his- torical collections for years to come. A comprehensive plan for the betterment of the military collections of the Museum has been devised as the result of the cooperation of the War Department, through its able representative, Maj. Louis A. O’Donnell. At the close of the year considerable progress had been made toward put- ting these new plans into effect, but the undertaking is a large one, capable of accomplishment only when additional financial assistance is forthcoming. The War Department has rendered invaluable aid in this matter and has made possible much of what has been accomplished. Despite unusual disturbance due to rearrangements of the exhi- bition collections the Arts and Industries Building has at no time been closed to the visiting public. In fact, the number of visitors to the building this year has been remarkably large, exceeding for 99 100 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 the first time those to the Natural History Building. This is doubt- less due in large measure to exhibition of the Spirit of St. Louis and the period costume collection, which continue to be of general interest to the visiting public. ? It is felt that real progress has been made this year in the depart- _ ment of arts and industries and the division of history, and much ~ credit is due to the staff, including especially the labor force and its — foreman, for the manner in which the many trying problems of this year have been met. With the continued hearty cooperation of all the workers, the plans now in course of execution for the better installation of the collections will in the near future materially im- prove conditions. . ACCESSIONS FOR THE YEAR The department of arts and industries and the division of history acquired 9,649 specimens during the year, assigned as follows: To mineral technology, 116; mechanical technology, 258; textiles, 532; foods, 15; organic chemistry, 514; wood technology, 617; medicine, 346; graphic arts, 865; Loeb collection of chemical types, 104; and history, 6,282. Numerically the increment for 1929 was about half the average for the preceding eight years. The scientific interest and value of the additions, however, were relatively very high, since many of the specimens were designed to fit into gaps or to replace faded or obsolete exhibits. Space permits of mention in detail of only the more important additions. Mineral and mechanical technology.—In the divisions of mineral and mechanical technology the accessions for 1929 represent a 75 per cent increase over the preceding year. Of the 374 objects re- ceived, 116 were assigned to mineral technology and 258 to mechani- cal technology. The transportation, horology, tool, and power sec- tions were the principal beneficiaries in mechanical technology, while in mineral technology the section on glass technology profited most. Four automobiles were added to the collections on land trans- portation, three Wintons presented by the Winton Engine Co., and a Simplex, presented by Mr. and Mrs. John D. Adams. The Winton cars include the first car made and sold by Alexander Winton in 1898, and two racing automobiles, Bullet No. 1 and Bullet No. 2, which he constructed between the years 1901 and 1903. The racers were driven by Winton, Barney Oldfield, and other automobile drivers in the first days of automobile racing, and the speed record of the 8-cylinder Bullet No. 2 had not been surpassed at the time it was retired in 1905.. The Simplex roadster was built in 1912 and was in constant use by the son of the donors up to the REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 101 time of his death in 1928. It is similar in design to that used by the famous automobile racer Ralph De Palma in his races of 1912. Another interesting and valuable accession in the land transporta- tion section is a horse-drawn brougham, the gift of William P. Eno. The carriage is a very fine example of the work of the famous nine- teenth century coach builder, Healey, of New York, and is patterned on the Peters model. Horse-drawn vehicles are fast becoming ob- jects of museum interest and it is hoped that suitable space will be- come available in the National Museum for the proper preservation of this important phase of land transportation. To the collection of bicycles there was added a Columbia tandem, donated by Mr. and Mrs. Goldwin Goldsmith. It is believed that with this accession the collection of bicycles in the Museum contains an example of all popular types thus far introduced. . The railway section was enhanced by a beautifully constructed model of the American type of locomotive, the type widely used in the early part of this century in passenger train service. This was constructed by Robert E. M. Bain, the donor, and is made to a scale of one-twelfth actual size. The locomotive, about 4 feet in length, is complete in every detail, and can be operated under its own steam. Mr. Bain, whose hobby is model work, also presented to the Museum a model of an ocean-going tugboat, constructed some years ago. This was added to the water-transportation section. Here, too, is exhibited an original outrigger rowboat, the gift of Charles G. Warden. This type of pleasure craft was extremely popular on the Potomac River in the eighties, but was superseded by the modern canoe. One of the most interesting additions made to the collection of aircraft engines during the year is one of the Wright Whirlwind engines of the Army Air Corps C-2 transport Question Mark, re- ceived as a transfer from the War Department. Under the super- vision of the War Department and for the announced purpose of keeping the plane in the air as long as its engines would function, this tri-motored Fokker monoplane took off from Metropolitan Air- port, Los Angeles, Calif., on January 1, 1929, at 7.26.46 a. m. Five men lived aboard the plane for almost seven days and landed at the same airport on January 7, 1929, at 2.07.01 p.m. During that time 36 contacts were made with fuel and supply planes and 21 tons of supplies (gasoline, oil, and food) were taken aboard. The three engines burned 5,200 gallons of gasoline and the plane flew 11,500 miles, a distance equal to nearly halfway round the world. The Question Mark ended its flight of 150 hours, 40 minutes and 15 seconds because of worn rocker arms of the engines. Of the three | 102 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 engines, the center one, now in the Museum collection, was least affected by the grueling test. A second accession of interest in the aircraft collection was the gift of a glider. William H. Martin, the donor, was interested in aeronautics as early as 1887, and continued his studies throughout — the whole experimental period in aeronautics, culminating his work | with the construction of this glider, made in 1909, and flown in © similar fashion to a kite, but towed by a horse or automobile. Eleva- tions of 50 feet with the pilot aboard and glides of 250 feet in length were obtained in many repeated flights. There were also secured, as a transfer from the Department of the Interior, the original papers constituting the bid of the Wright Bros., made in 1908, for a military airplane. Their bid of $2,500 was accepted and resulted in the construction of a biplane, the first Government- owned airplane in the world. The original plane has been in the aircraft collection of the Museum since 1911. The outstanding additions to the section of horology consisted of two loan collections, one of watches and the other of clocks. The collection of watches, comprising 30 specimens, was deposited by the Horological Institute of America, which organization received the collection made by the late James Warren Packard, the auto- mobile manufacturer. Most of the watches are modern and were made to order for Mr. Packard by English, French, and Swiss watchmakers. The collection includes intricate and beautifully exe- cuted mechanical movements, some of which require as many as 53 jewels to insure their accurate operation. There are movements which not only indicate standard time but strike the hours, minutes, and seconds; show split seconds; indicate the moon’s phases and the days of the month continuously for a hundred years, taking leap year into account; and even show the positions of some 400 stars in the latitude of Warren, Ohio, the home of Mr. Packard. A col- lection of seven clocks was loaned by George H. Kernodle, including examples of the types of domestic clocks used during the seventeenth, eighteenth, and the first half of the nineteenth centuries. There is a Dutch chamber clock of the period 1640-1680; a German “ Wag- on-the-Wall ” of 1725; an Eli Terry shelf clock of 1818; a Burnham Terry “ Hang-up ” clock of 1830; a Forrestville shelf clock of 1850; and a Seth Thomas shelf clock of 1860. There is also included a very ornate example of German or Swiss cuckoo clock popular in this country around the period of i870. To its clock and watch ex- hibit the New Haven Clock Co. added as a gift a large working model of the type of pendulum clock escapement largely used in American-made clock movements at the present time. REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 1038 The Waltham Watch Co. added an early automatic watch parts - lathe to the section of tools. This machine antedates the present type of automatic turret lathe and was used in the making of watch arbors and pinions. Cabinet makers’ tools were received as gifts ’ from Frank H. Cole, T. E. Krake, and Dr. Walter Hough, and a collection of 45 gunmakers’ hand tools was presented by William Monypeny Newsom. The Yale & Towne Manufacturing Co. donated four specimens of hoisting pulleys and gears, comprising a differential pulley block, screw-geared block, an operating spur gear block, and a sectionalized spur gear block. These objects are very properly used in connection with the exhibit on mechanical power. To the collection of surveying instruments there was added a sur- veyor’s chain of the period of about 1780, which was supposed to have been used by Andrew Ellicott in surveying the District of Columbia. This was loaned by the Association of the Oldest Inhabi- tants of the District of Columbia. The Museum also acquired a surveyor’s theodolite of the same period, said to have been used by the surveyor, Orange Warner Ellis, in the survey of the New York- Vermont boundary line. The American Telephone & Telegraph Co. contributed large working models of the telephone transmitter and receiver. The instruments are halved and so arranged that by the movement of a hand lever on the outside of the exhibition case the diaphragms of both the transmitter and receiver are made to move in unison just as these diaphragms function in the actual telephone. The ex- hibit with its descriptive label clearly explains just what happens when one talks into the transmitter or listens at the receiver of a telephone. Mention was made in the last annual report of plans for the preparation of an extensive exhibit on mechanical power. During the year some valuable accessions were received for use in this section. Foremost of these is a beautifully executed, electrically _ operated model of the original Pearl Street electric power sta- tion in New York City. The model was made and presented to the Museum by the New York Edison Co. Pearl Street station was the first permanent central power station in the world, the plant hav- ing been put in operation on September 4, 1882. An original Erics- son hot-air pumping engine was acquired as a gift from Dr. Jonathan R. Hagan. An early Otto 4-cycle gas engine of the period of 1882, a third important accession to this section, was secured with the valued help of the Otto Engine Works. The engine is original 75876—29—_8 104 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 throughout and is one of the first type of commercially successful 4-cycle gas engines. Through the valuable gift of the William Sellers & Co. (Inc.), comprising four steam injectors of various periods between 1876 and 1929, the power section has assembled a very complete and unique exhibit showing the development of steam injectors. The exhibit, as a whole, includes the original Patent Office model of Henri Gif- fard’s basic invention of 1860; a number of patent models of subse- quent improvements made by William Sellers, who purchased Giffard’s patent; and a progressive series of commercial injectors to 1929. The glass industry section of the division of mineral technology received two valuable increments during the year. The first of these was a very complete collection of 90 specimens to visualize the technology of glass enameling, together with an appropriate display base, donated by the Pfaudler Co. By the arrangement of the exhibit there is visualized the manufacture of glass enamel- lined steel containers, such as the glass-lined tank milk car, the com- mercial catsup cooker, the glass-lined vats used in the manufacture of perfumes, and glass-lined laundry chutes. Colored enamel de- signs, such as the automobile manufacturer uses on the automobile radiator, are likewise explained. The Corning Glass Works, through the kindly cooperation of its president, Dr. Eugene C. Sul- livan, the vice president, Dr. Arthur L. Day, and Frederick Carder, general manager of the Steuben division, augmented its exhibit of commercial al art glassware by the gift of 3 pieces of the first designs of Pyrex glass and 18 excellent pieces of art glass includ- ing goblets, vases, bowls, and ornaments. Among these are a few reproductions of antique glass, some beautiful examples of fine crystal both etched and cut, some delicately colored pieces, and two examples of very modern art in the form of a lighted decorative panel of etched glass and a cut crystal ornamental lamp. Textiles, foods, organic chemistry, wood technology, and medi- cine.—The accessions for the year in the division of textiles, the sec- tions of foods, organic chemistry, and wood technology, and in the division of medicine aggregated 2,024 specimens, not including sev- eral hundred original patent models still under examination, some of which will be definitely added to the collections when their value has been proved. The increment was assigned as follows: To textiles, 532 specimens; products of chemical and animal industries, 514; forest products, 617; foods, 15; and medicine, 346. Efforts to keep up with the rapid development and importance of rayon as an industrial fiber resulted in the acquisition of several POD ee ee ee ee ee REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 105 series of specimens showing the manufacture and uses of this beau- tiful addition to the quartet of fibers—wool, silk, cotton, and linen— which for so long has been of service to mankind. From the Du Pont Rayon Co. (Inc.) was received a series demonstrating the viscose process, beginning with the wood which furnishes the cellu- lose base and including a full-sized model of a section of a rayon- spinning machine and specimens of fabrics of different types. Beautiful fabrics, plain and fancy, piece-dyed, printed, and figured, showing applications of a synthetic fiber produced by the cellulose acetate method, were contributed by the Celanese Corporation of America. . In keeping with the policy of showing important steps in indus- trial processes, an endeavor has been made to show the technique of textile ornamentation, how the particular design or effect is developed on the fabric. Such exhibits are much more difficult to procure and generally represent much expenditure of time and money by the cooperating manufacturer. An example of this type of exhibit was contributed by L. C. Chase & Co. showing the method of block- printing heavy plush upholstery fabrics. A number of manufacturers, who in the past have generously con-— tributed exhibit material, cooperated this year by substituting fresher specimens for those which had deteriorated, or which were no longer representative of present day manufactures. The Collins & Aikman Corporation sent specimens of upholstery pile fabrics, showing the use of cotton, rayon, mohair, and combinations of these fibers in the manufacture of plain plush, figured velour, and jacquard velvet, while the Massachusetts Mohair Plush Co. donated eight specimens of mohair upholstery plushes. The Pacific Mills, which 44 years ago began to assist the Museum in maintaining an exhibit of cot- -ton manufactures, sent 46 examples of fabrics made of all cotton and cotton and rayon mixtures for replacement of less desirable specimens. The Museum is indebted to H. R. Mallinson & Co. (Inc.), for a series of novelty dress goods which demonstrates the possibilities of design creation in the form of application of picturesque history to silk fabrics. Each pattern in this group has been inspired by some well-known figure or incident of early American history. __ A fine old linen damask tablecloth, ornamented with a large medal- lion portrait of George Washington, was presented by the Misses Lillie G. and Virginia M. Hopkins for inclusion in the linen section. As part of an exhibit illustrating the development of the sewing machine, the Singer Sewing Machine Co. lent eight original models made by Allen B. Wilson when he was working out the principles of the revolving hook sewing machine invented and patented by him 106 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 in 1854. The same company donated a rotary shuttle Singer sewing machine of the latest type, in which parts of the frame and bedplate | have been cut away to expose the essential moving parts. This ma- chine has been installed and equipped with an electric switch and special rheostat so that it can be operated at an unusually slow speed by the Museum visitor. To demonstrate the kinds of work that can | be done with the aid of the attachments usually sold with this type of sewing machine, the Singer Co. also contributed a set of attach- ments and examples of fancy sewing done on linen and silk fabrics including binding, hemming, gathering, plaiting, tucking, quilting, embroidery, lace, etc. Cooperation between the Singer Sewing Ma- chine Co. and the National Museum began over 87 years ago when a series of historic machines was presented by the company. As the result of considerable planning and cooperation, the United Shoe Machinery Corporation brought together and donated a very comprehensive exhibit, comprising nearly 300 different specimens, which covers the whole range of shoemaking by machinery. Shoes are now all made by one of five different processes or methods of assembling the parts of the shoe and stitching them together. Two other methods of making shoes, which are historically important but now seldom used, were included in the series. These seven types of shoe manufacture are arranged in the following order: 1. The pegged shoe, using wooden pegs and made by hand until 1860; since then pegging machines have been used. At one time very important but now seldom seen. 2. The standard screw shoe, in which the sole is “screwed” on by means of a form of wire carrying a continuous screw thread. While but little used now, the “ Pershing shoe” used by the American troops in the World War was made on this plan. 3. The turned shoe, in which the shoe is made wrong side out and then turned. Used for slippers and high grade thin-soled shoes for women and - chiidren. 4, The stitch-down vhoe, in which the upper is not turned under like the others, but turned out and stitched down to the outsole. Used for children’s shoes. 5. The McKay sewed shoe, in which the sewing goes clear through to the inside of the shoe. Used generally for women’s and children’s shoes. 6. The Littleway process shoe, in which no tacks or staples appear on the surface of the insole. Used for women’s wear and for athletic and work shoes. 7. The Goodyear welt shoe, in which the upper and the sole are both sewed to the welt, a narrow strip of leather extending from in front of the heel around the forepart of the shoe. A widely used type. Through the cooperation of the Intercontinental Rubber Co. and an associated company, the American Rubber Producers (Inc.), the rubber section was augmented by an exhibit of American-grown rub- ber obtained from guayule plants grown under cultivation. ‘The guayule is a low shrub from which the rubber is obtained by grind- ES ee REPORT OF NATIONAL “MUSEUM, 1929 107 ing or milling the entire plant so as to aggregate the minute particles of rubber which are contained in its tissues. The aggregated rubber particles are separated from the waste material through their buoy- ancy when immersed in water. This rubber is never fluid and in this’ respect is unlike the rubber contained in the milky juice of the Hevea tree. To the collection of personal mementos of Charles Goodyear, in- ventor of vulcanized rubber, there were added 15 specimens of hard rubber jewelry and other objects exhibited by Charles Goodyear at the London Crystal Palace Exhibition in 1851 and the Paris Expo- sition of 1855. These objects were purchased by the Rubber Associa- tion of America (Inc.) and deposited with the Museum as a loan. The exhibit of Fabrikoid, a leather substitute, was practically re- placed by a new and enlarged series of specimens showing process of manutacture, contributed by E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. (Inc.). The Celanese Corporation of America contributed a series of 66 specimens illustrating the manufacture of cellulose acetate plastics. Serious accidents resulting from the use of photographic films made by the cellulose nitrate process have brought the development of a film made from cellulose acetate which is not inflammable. A piece of silk dyed with mauve by Sir William Henry Perkin in 1860, shortly after his discovery of this, the first aniline dye, was presented by William J. Matheson. The specimen is mounted in a heavy brass lightproof frame. Excellent material for an exhibition of archery tackle in the sec- tion of wood technology was received from the following contribu- tors: The Archers Co., Cassius Hayward Styles, Knight Archery Co., and W. H. Willner. The combined accessions cover 45 specimens representing an industry which demands the most exacting qualities in the wood it uses. Included are 7 fine bows, 3 of yew, 1 of snake- wood, and 3 of lemonwood; 24 finished and 5 unfinished arrows show- ing stages in manufacture. The health exhibits in the division of medicine are planned to show what the individual may do to Eoegs health; how a com- munity may protect the health of its people; and how hospitals attend to cases of injury and sickness which are beyond the control of the individual and the community. The American Hospital As- sociation agreed to furnish a set of 96 colored transparencies, 16 inches by 20 inches, to illustrate the third phase of development, and appointed a committee to cooperate with the Museum. This com- mittee was composed of Richard P. Borden, chairman, president of Union Hospital, Fall River, Mass.; Dr. Winford H. Smith, director of the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Md.; and Daniel D. Test, superintendent of the Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, 108 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 Pa. The committee communicated with the various hospitals throughout the United States, and, after much preliminary work, selected appropriate views to illustrate the subject. The series illus- trates hospitalization in as complete a manner as the available space will permit, beginning with a picture of an accident and injury, transfer of a patient to the hospital by ambulance, and then grad- . ually progressing through the procedures of administration, exami- nation, treatment, convalescence, and discharge. LHighty-five of the transparencies were finished and contributed by the association during the year. When completed this series will form one of the most complete exhibits of its kind. Mrs. Marie D. Gorgas, widow of the late Maj. Gen. William C. Gorgas, former Surgeon General of the United States Army, loaned 66 additional specimens for exhibition in the Gorgas collection. As a representative of the American Osteopathic Association, Dr. Riley D. Moore, a former member of the Museum’s scientific staff, has cooperated for several years in the work of collecting material to illustrate the history and principles of osteopathy. In addition to contributing material himself, he has interested many members of the association in the work and has induced them to contribute historic objects pertaining to the subject. Nine such contributions were added to the osteopathy collection during the year. The materia medica collection was enhanced by the following con- tributions: Forty-three organotherapeutic medicines from Armour and Company; 82 vegetable drug constituents from Frederick Stearns & Co.; 20 medicinal alkaloids and alkaloidal salts from Merck & Co. (Inc.) ; 15 official pharmaceutical preparations of nux vomica from Sharp & Dohme (inc.) ; 9 pharmaceutical preparations of cinchona from John Wyeth & Brother (Inc.) ; 7 official medicinal derivatives of Betula lenta from the William S. Merrell Co.; 3 offi- cial pharmaceutical preparations of cascara sagrada from Eli Lilly and Company; and 4 official pharmaceutical preparations of cinchona from Schieffelin & Co. An iron mortar and pestle were been as a gift from Dr. J. T. Lloyd. This fills a gap in the collection of pharmaceutical equip- ment and is of added interest since it was used more than 60 years ago by the donor’s father, Dr. John Uri Lloyd, during an appren- ticeship in pharmacy. The latter is one of the few living pioneers who took an active part in creating the sentiment which resulted in the development of the National Formulary, the second official book of medical standards in use in the United States. He has coop- - erated for many years in the development of the collections. This year he presented a copy of volume 1 of his work, Origin and His- REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 : 109 tory of all the Pharmacopoeial Vegetable Drugs, Chemicals, and Preparations, with Bibliography. Graphic arts—The numerical growth of the collection in the division of graphic arts and the section of photography did not come up to that of the preceding year. The advance in other lines, how- ever, was more marked. An aggregate of 865 specimens was added to the permanent collection, and some 2,182 additional specimens were received as loans, most of which had been returned to the owners before the end of the year. One of the recent developments in printing is a hand method called “ silk-stencil,” which, for small editions, competes with other methods of printing. Three accessions of prints of this kind were received this year. One of these, a series of progressive proofs pre- pared by H. E. Jones & Sons, (Inc.), has been placed on exhibition, with two other specimens. In this method the stencil, a finely woven silklike bolting cloth, is prepared by painting over that part of the silk that is not to print, leaving the design still open. This prepared silk is placed on a hinged frame. A large amount of ink is placed on top at one end, paper placed underneath the silk and the ink drawn across the surface with a scraper, the ink going through only the porous parts. This leaves a heavy body of ink in which is seen the texture of the silk. Each color is printed in this way, but there is no mixing, each color being opaque. The re- sults are brilliant posterlike effects which are used largely in ad- vertising. This is said to be an American process. Another new exhibit, while not making much of a display, marks an important economic event. ‘This is a copy of the Sunday Com- mercial News of December 16, 1928, donated by the publishers, and is printed on paper made from cornstalks. To the bookbinding exhibit were added 50 samples of bookcloth, illustrating 15 patterns and 35 colors in which each pattern can be obtained. It makes a small colorful addition, for which the Mu- seum is indebted to the Holliston Mills, (Inc.) Comment upon the pantone process was made in the last report, but as the exhibit was not complete, the Pantone Processes (Ltd.) kindly furnished another exhibit, which has been installed. This process is unique. By the use of amalgamated silver areas on a copper plate which has a chromium metal facing, a plate is made which will take ink on the chromium and reject it on the amal- gamated silver. While the process has not, as yet, been introduced into this country, it is used commercially in England, where it was: invented. There were 17 acquisitions of etchings, dry points, lithographs, wood engravings, drawings and examples of fine printing in the form of books, pamphlets, and broadsides, aggregating 68 specimens. . 3 7 4 110 P REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 Miss Diana Thorne and George C. Wales added additional examples: — of their work. Benson B. Moore contributed three of his dry points; Charles E. Heil donated five etchings, three of birds and two others which cover his field fairly accurately; William Meyer- owitz and Carton Moorepark contributed representative examples. of their work in etching and dry point, respectively. A fine example — of the work of Louis Rosenberg was deposited by the Smithsonian Institution. Five etchings by Livia Kadar acquired are exquisite examples done by a well-known procedure, but one not used to a great extent. The lines that are to be the darkest are scratched through the wax first and bitten partially, then the lines which are to be next darkest are scratched in and both sets are bitten, and so: on until all the lines are in the plate. As handled by Mrs. Kadar, the results are very successful. Kight fine examples of color etching done in France and Germany were procured, together with two other prints called silk-stencil but of undetermined process. These 10 prints add a touch of color to the duller hued black and white exhibits. James Bann, one of the few Americans still producing wood engravings of quality, forwarded two of his recent prints. Another good wood engraving was a portrait of Col. Charles A. Lindbergh, the work and gift of Nicholas J. Quirk. He furnished also an en- largement showing clearly the line work of wood engraving, which adds interest to the exhibition series. Some years ago a start was made on a collection of examples of fine printing, and this year 26 such specimens were received, includ- ing four books: The Triumphs of Petrarch, from the Windsor Press; Some Sayings of Benjamin Franklin, from the Typographic Crafts- men; The Will of the Late Nicolas Jenson, from the Ludlow Typo- graph Co.; and Twelve Pioneers of Los Angeles, an unusual exam- ple, from the Times-Mirror Printing & Binding House. Nineteen pamphlets and broadsides were sent in from the Laboratory Press, Carnegie Institute of Technology, a school of printing which pro- duces artistic printers. A broadside and a portrait were the gift of William Edwin Rudge, who has contributed annually for some years. Alton B. Carty also continued to donate specimens of re- cent methods in printing, in which he is specially interested, and to assist by suggestions and advice. The most important specimen of the year, in the section of pho- - tography, was the first portrait taken on an autochrome plate, by the inventor of the process, Antoine Lumiére. This color photo- graph was presented by him to Wilfred A. French, of Boston, who gave a dinner in honor of the inventor when he was visiting the United States. It reaches the Museum as a gift from the Boston 4 r= REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1929 111 “Young Men’s Christian Union Camera Club, through F. R. Fraprie, editor of American Photography. Four photographs of bullets fired from a gun were donated by Philip P. Quayle, of the Peters Cartridge Co. The rapidity with which they were taken is the wonder of all who see them. Besides recording the bullet in silhouette, sound waves are also taken. A motion-picture film showing the exploits of Col. Charles A. Lind- bergh, a transfer from the State Department, is another notable accession having been given to the United States by the Motion Picture Producers & Distributors of America (Inc.).