'm.k^m Report of U. S. National Museum, 1919. Plate I. D liJ CO D < I- < CO UJ < a LU z D a z CD >- GC O I- co < GC D K < z O o a: U. I I- D O CO SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM REPORT ON THE PROGRESS AND CON- DITION OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1919 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OmCE 1920 I United States National Museum, Under Dikection of the Smithsonian Institution, WaJ^hinfffon, D. C, October 7, J919. Sir : I have tlie honor to submit herewith a report upon the present condition of the United States National Museum and upon the work accomplished in its various departments during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1919. Very respectfully, William deC. Ravenel, Administrative Assistant to the Secrctat^, In charge of the United States National Mitseum. Dr. Charles D. Walcott, Secretary, Smithsmiian Institution. 3 CONTENTS. Page. Inception and history 7 Operations of the year 13 Death of Assistant Secretary in charge of IMuseum 13 War activities 13 Finances 14 Buildings and equipment 15 Collections 18 War collections 19 Other collections 20 National Gallery of Art (W. PI. Holmes, Curator) 23 Freer collections 26 Visitors 27 Publications 28 Library 30 Meetings and congresses 31 Organization, and changes in staff 35 Necrology 38 Immediate needs of the Museum 51 Detailed reports on the collections 53 Department of Anthropology, by W. H. Holmes, Head Curator 53 Department of Biology, by Leonhard Stejneger, Head Curator 71 Department of Geology, by George P. Merrill, Head Curator 97 Department of Arts and Industries, William deC. Ravenel, Director — 113 Textiles, Woods, Medicines, and Foods, by F. L. Lewton 113 Mineral Technology, by Chester G. Gilbert 123 The Museum staff 127 Accessions 129 Publications Issued by Museum 175 Publications pertaining to Museum collections 181 ILLUSTRATIONS. 1. South front of Natural History Building Facing title. 2. North front of Arts and Industries Building 3. Mounted skeleton of Dimetrodon gigas Cope 4. Ground floor of Natural History Building 5. First floor of Natural History Building 6. Second floor of Natural History Building 7. Floor and gallery of Arts and Industries Building.^. facing page 13 facing page- 103 facing page 126 facing page- 126 facing page 126 facing page— 126 5 REPORT ON THE PROGRESS AND CONDITION OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1919. By WlIXIAM DEC. Ravenel, Administrative Assistant to the Secretary, In charge of the United States 'National Museum. LlB^AI^T NEW YORK BOTANICAL INCEPTION AND HISTOEY. CiAkweN The Congress of the United States in the act of August 10, 1846, founding the Smithsonian Institution recognized that an opportunity was afforded, in carrying out the large-minded design of Smithson, to provide for the custody of the museum of the Nation. To this new establishment was therefore intrusted the care of the national col- lections, a course that time has fully justified. In the beginning the cost of maintaining the museum side of the Institution's work was wholly paid from the Smithsonian income; then for a time the Government bore a share, and during the past 40 years Congress has voted the entire funds for the expenses of the Museum, thus furthering one of the primary means " for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men " without encroaching upon the resources of the Institution. The museum idea was inherent in the establishment of the Smith- sonian Institution, which in its turn was based upon a 10 years' dis- cussion in Congress and the advice of the most distinguished scientific men, educators, and intellectual leaders of the Nation of 70 years ago. It is interesting to note how broad and comprehensive were the views which actuated our lawmakers in determining the scope of the Museum, a fact especially remarkable when it is recalled that at that date no museum of considerable size existed in the United States, and the museums of England and of the Continent of Europe were still to a large extent without a developed plan, although containing O many rich collections, C3^ The Congress which passed the act of foundation enumerated as within the scope of the Museum " all objects of art and of foreign and cc curious research and all objects of natural history, plants, and geo- :2z logical and mineralogical specimens belonging to the United States," ^ 7 8 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. thus stamping the Museum at the very outset as one of the widest range and at the same time as the Museum of the United States. It was also appreciated that additions would be necessary to the col- lections then in existence, and provision was made for their increase by the exchange of duplicate specimens, by donations, and by other means. If the wisdom of Congress m so fully providing for a museum in the Smithsonian law challenges attention, the interpretation put upon this law by the Board of E«gents within less than six months from the passage of the act can not but command admiration. In the early part of September, 1846, the Regents took steps toward formulating a plan of operations. The report of the committee appointed for this purpose, submitted in December and January following, shows a thorough consideration of the subject in both the spirit and letter of the law. It would seem not out of place to cite here the first pronouncement of the board with reference to the char- acter of the Museum : " In obedience to the requirements of the charter,^ which leaves little discretion in regard to the extent of accommodations to be provided, your committee recommend that there be included in the building a museum of liberal size, fitted up to receive the collections destined for the Institution. * * * "As important as the cabmets of natural history by the charter required to be included in the Museum, your committee regard its ethnological portion, including all collections that may supply items in the physical history of our species, and illustrate the manners, customs, religions, and progressive advance of the various nations of the world ; as, for example, collections of skulls, skeletons, portraits, dresses, implements, weapons, idols, antiquities, of the various races of man. * * * in this connexion your committee recommend the passage of resolutions asking the cooperation of certain public functionaries and of the public generally in furtherance of the above objects. "Your committee are further of opinion that in the Museum, if the funds of the Institution permit, might judiciously be included various series of models illustrating the progress of some of the most useful inventions; such, for example, as the steam engine from its earliest and rudest form to its present most improved state ; but this they propose only so far as it may not encroach on ground already covered by the numerous models in tlie Patent Office, " Specimens of staple materials, of their gradual manufacture, and of the finished product of manufactures and the arts may also, your committee think, be usefully introduced. This would supply oppor- 1 Since the Institution was not chartered in a legal sense, but established by Congress, the use of the word " charter " in this connection was not correct. REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. 9 tunity to examine samples of the best manufactured articles our country affords, and to judge her gradual progress in arts and manu- factures. * * * "The gallery of art, your committee think, should include both paintings and sculpture, as well as engravings and architectural designs ; and it is desirable to have in connexion with it one or more studios in which young artists might copy without interruption, being admitted under such regulations as the board may prescribe. Your committee also think that, as the collection of paintings and sculpture will probably accumulate slowly, the room destined for a gallery of art might properly and usefully meanwhile be occupied during the sessions of Congress as an exhibition room for the works of artists generally; and the extent and general usefulness of such an exhibit might probably be increased if an arrangement could be effected with the Academy of Design, the Arts Union, the Artists' Fund Society, and other associations of similar character, so as to concen- trate at the metropolis for a certain portion of each winter the best results of talent in the fine arts." The important points in the foregoing report are (1) that it was the opinion of the Regents that a museum was requisite under the law, Congress having left no discretion in the matter; (2) that ethnology and anthropology, though not specially named, were yet as important subjects as natural history; (3) that the history of the progress of useful inventions and the collection of the raw materials and products of the manufactures and arts should also be provided for ; (4) for the gallery of art the committee had models in existence, and they proposed, pending the gathering of art collections, which would of necessity be slow, to provide for loan exhibitions by co- operating with art academies and societies. In the resolutions which were adopted upon the presentation of the report, a museum was mentioned as "one of the principal modes of executing the act and trust."^ The work was to go forward as the funds permitted, and, as is well known, the maintenance of the Museum and the library was long ago assumed by Congress, the Institution taking upon itself only so much of the necessary responsi- bility for the administration of these and subsequent additions to its activities as would weld them into a compact whole, which together form a unique and notable agency for the increase and diffusion of 1 Resolved, That it is the intention of the act of Congress establishing the Institution, and in accordance with the design of Mr. Smithson, as expressed in his will, that one of the principal modes of executing the act and the trust is the accumulation of collec- tions of specimens and objects of natural histor5' and of elegant art, and the gradual formation of a library of valuable works pertaining to all departments of human knowl- edge, to the end that a copious storehouse of materials of science, literature, and art may be provided which shall excite and diffuse the love of learning among men, and shall assist the original investigations and efforts of those who may devote themse/ves to the pursuit of any branch of knowledge. 10 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. knowledge, for tlie direction of research, for cooperation with depart- ments of the Government and with universities and scientific societies in America, and likewise afford a definite correspondent to all scien- tific institutions and men abroad who seek interchange of views or knowledge with men of science in the United States. Since that early day the only material change in the scope of the Government museum has been the addition of a department of American history, intended to illustrate by an appropriate assem- blage of objects the lives of distinguished personages, important events, and the domestic life of the country from the colonial period to the present time. The development of the Museum has been greatest in those subjects which the conditions of the past three-quarters of a centur}^ have made most fruitful — the natural history, geology, etlmology, and archeolog}' of the United States, supplemented by many collections from other countries. The opportunities for acquisition in these directions have been mainly brought about through the activities of the scientific and economic surveys of the Government, many of which are the direct outgrowths of earlier explorations, stimulated or directed by the Smithsonian Institution. The Centennial Exhibition of 1876 afforded the first opportunity for establishing a department of the industrial arts, of which the fullest advantage has been taken, but the department or gallery of the fine arts made little progress, though not from lack of desire or appreciation, until 190G, when cir- cumstances led to its definite recognition. Wliile it is the primary duty of a museum to preserve the objects confided to its care, as it is that of a library to preserve its books and manuscripts, yet the importance of public collections rests not upon the mere basis of custodianship nor upon the number of specimens assembled and their money value, but upon the use to which they are put. Judged by this standard, the National Museum may claim to have reached a high state of efficiency. From an educational point of view it is of great value to those pei'sons who are so fortunate as to reside in Washington or who are able to visit the Nation's Capi- tal. In its well-designed cases, in which every detail of structure, appointment, and color is considered, a selection of representative ob- jects is placed on view to the public, all being carefully labeled indi- vidually and in groups. The child as well as the adult has been pro- vided for and the kindergarten pupil and the high-school scholar can be seen here supplementing their class-room games or studies. Under authority from Congress the small colleges and higher grades of schools and academies throughout the land, especially in places where museums do not exist, are also being aided in their educational work by sets of duplicate specimens, selected and labeled to meet the needs of both teachers and pupils. REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. 11 Nor has the elementary or even the higher education been by any means the sole gainer from the work of the Museum. To advance knowledge, to gradually extend the boundaries of learning, has been one of the great tasks to which the Museum, in consonance with the spirit of the Institution, has set itself from the first. Its staff, though chiefly engaged in the duties incident to the care, classification, and labeling of collections in order that they may be accessible to the public and to students, has yet in these operations made important discoveries in every department of the Museum's activities, which have in turn been communicated to other scholars through its nu- merous publications. But the collections have not been held for the study of the staff nor for the scientific advancement of those belong- ing to the establishment. Most freely have they been put at the dis- posal of investigators connected with other institutions, without whose help the record of scientific progress based upon the material in the Museum would have been greatly curtailed. When it is pos- sible to so arrange, the investigator comes to Washington ; otherwise such collections as he needs are sent to him, whether he resides in this country or abroad. In this manner practically every prominent specialist throughout the world interested in the subjects here well represented has had some use of the collections and thereby the Na- tional Museum has come to be recognized as a conspicuous factor in the advancement of knowledge wherever civilization has a foothold. Report of U. S. National Museum, 1919 Plate 2. D lU M 3 < Z o I- < Z CO UJ I- < I- co Q LU z D d z m C/) LU CO D Q Z < CO GC < LL o t- z o q: U. o Z OPERATIONS OF THE YEAR. DEATH OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY IN CHARGE OF MUSEUM. It is with profound sorrow that I record the death at his home in the city of Washington, on July 16, 1918, of Dr. Richard Rathbun, Assistant Secretary of the 'Smithsonian Institution since 1897 and, as such, in charge of the United States National Museum since 1898. Out of respect to his memory the flags on the buildings of the Institution were carried at half-mast until after the interment of his remains in Rock Creek Cemetery on July 18. Business was sus- pended in the offices and the public exhibition halls were closed on the day of his funeral. This is not the place to give an adequate review of the work of Doctor Rathbun as a man of science, or to recall his contributions to the upbuilding of the institution with which he was so long con- nected. I may be permitted, however, to express here my sense of bereavement in the passing of a man whose friendship and personal and official confidence I was permitted to enjoy. Coming to the Museum from the Bureau of Fisheries in 1902 to assist Doctor Rath- bun in the administrative work of the Museum, our official associa- tion here, as in that Bureau, was long and exceedingly cordial. During Doctor Rathbun's disability and after his decease, the ad- ministration of the Museum devolved upon the writer as next in authority. On November 1, 1918, the position of Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution in charge of the United States National Museum was discontinued and the writer was placed in charge of the administrative affairs of the Museum, with the title of Adminis- trative Assistant to the Secretary. In addition to the general duties of the above assignment, he was designated Director of Arts and Industries in the Museum. WAR ACTIVITIES. As mentioned in the last report, the Board of Regents of the In- stitution, at the request of the President of the United States, closed the Natural History Building to the public on July 16, 1918, thus enabling the Museum to furnish the Bureau of War Risk Insurance of the Treasury Department with 138,600 square feet of space for office purposes on the ground and two exhibition floors. This was done with the understanding that the Museum would be vacated 14 KEPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. upon the completion of the building then being erected for the Bureau at the corner of Vermont Avenue and H Street, and that the JMuseum space would be turned back to the Museum authorities in the same condition in which was received by the Bureau. Late in March the Bureau moved to its own structure, but its funds were then so depleted that it was unable to carry out the agreement as to renovating the building. It was therefore unfortunately necessary to reopen the Natural History Building without making the needed repairs, the first floor being opened to visitors on April 11 and the second floor on April 22. From the beginning of the fiscal year until the signing of the armistice on November 11 members of the Museum staff in all de- partments continued along the same general lines as last year to render service to the various govermnental agencies more directly engaged in prosecuting America's part in the great conflict. Much valuable assistance was thus given, and the cooperation of the Mu- seum in this work has resulted in bringing it into even closer rela- tionship with the executive departments, with beneficial results. Advantage was taken of the closing of the exhibition halls to give additional attention to classifying, arranging, labeling, and other- wise putting in shape the study series in the various departments. In the department of geology this also afforded opportunity to thor- oughly clean and to some extent rearrange the exhibition series, so that when reopened to visitors the halls were more interesting than ever. FINANCES. The maintenance and operation of the Museum for the fiscal year July 1, 1918, to June 30, 1919, were provided for by the following items of appropriation in the sundry civil bill approved July 1, 1918: Preservation of collections $300, 000 Furniture and fixtures 15,000 Heating and lighting 55, 000 Building repairs 10, 000 Purchase of books 2,000 Postage 500 Printing and binding 37, 500 Total 420, 000 Although the Museum has received many and some exceedingly valuable additions to its collections by bequest, it is only recently that financial assistance has been rendered it in this way. During the year the Museum made its first purchases from the Frances Lea Chamberlain Funds. These two funds, as mentioned in previous reports, were created by Dr. Leander Trowbridge Chamberlain for REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. 15 promoting, respectively, the increase and the scientific value and usefulness of the Isaac Lea collection of gems and the scientific value and usefulness of the Isaac Lea collection of moUusks. While the full amount of the bequests has not yet reached the Institution, the income from the first installment of the principal has permitted the addition of some very desirable material in both lines. These collections were made by the eminent naturalist Dr. Isaac Lea and reached the Museum some years ago through the generosity of Doc- tor Lea, his daughter, Mrs. Frances Lea Chamberlain, and his son- in-law, Doctor Chamberlain. By frequent gifts of both specimens and money for making purchases, Mrs. Chamberlain during her life- time, and afterwards her husband, continued their upkeep, and Doc- tor Chamberlain's generous provision in his will for perpetuating the assistance so long rendered in person is a benefaction of unusual importance to the Museiun. Through the generosity of one of the members of the staff, a small purchase fund, known as the Swales Fund, was available during the year for adding to the collection of birds' skins. BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT. The more important repairs in connection with the Natural History Building were the reconstruction of the floor of west entrance and providing cesspool with sewer connection on the outside of the build- ing so as to make the space sanitary, the laying of composition cork flooring in the engine room, the repointing of all the horizontal and vertical joints in stones and sides of pilasters in the different parts of the building, the cutting out and repointing seams between stones in platform and steps on south side of the building, the maintenance and repairs to the roofs, replacing of broken glass in windows and skylights in exhibition halls and the painting of all the radiators in the exhibition halls. In the Arts and Industries Building special attention was paid to the roofs, skylights, and windows which involved tlie repainting of the roofs over the four courts, four main halls and the rotunda, the reputtying of all skylights, and reinforcing the irons on the sixteen large triple windows around the rotunda. A new Georgia pine floor was laid in one of the administrative offices in the northwest Davil- ion. and the old wooden floor at the west end of gallery in west hall removed and a terrazzo flood laid, so that this section of the gallery might be used for exhibition purposes. Eoom 80 in the southeast pavilion was repainted and fitted up for the use of the States Rela- tions Service, Department of Agriculture, in cooperation with the Museum for home demonstration work, canning, etc. A new dark room was provided in the photographic laboratory, and a number of the halls, offices, and laboratories repainted. 16 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. In the west end of the basement of the Smithsonian Building new cement jfloors were laid in rooms 14, 15, and 18, which completes the substitution of fireproof floors throughout the western portion of that building. Repairs to the roofs consisted chiefly in the refasten- ing of the flashing on gutters, painting the roofs, and repairs to flag- pole and replacing broken glass in the windows of the exhibition halls and offices. The building erected in the east court of the Natural History Build- ing by the Bureau of War Risk Insurance and turned over to the Museum at the expiration of their occupancy of the building, part of which is intended for use as a taxidermist shop, was improved by the installation of a galvanized iron gable skylight on roof and the replacing of ground glass in the west section with clear glass. As the building for the Freer collections approached completion it became necessary to remove the old two-story brick workshop, con- structed in 1875 for housing the preparators and the photographer of the Museum during the preparations for the Philadelphia Cen- tennial Exhibition. This structure has for some years now been used as a taxidermist shop, garage, and machine shop. The building was condemned and after advertisement was sold for the sum of $252, the purchaser being required to remove all of the material within 30 days. Provision for the taxidermist shop was made in the east court of the Natural History Building and for the garage and ma- chine shop of the Astrophysical Observatory in the shed at the rear of the Smithsonian Building. The power plant was closed down from July 1 to September 4, during which time the electric current for light and power purposes was purchased from the Potomac Electric Power Co. at the usual rate of 2| cents a kilowatt hour, which is a special rate given to Government establishments having plants for the generation of current. The chief object in closing the plant is to permit of repairs to the machinery and to allow the employees to take the greater part of their leave. It was extremely difficult to have the plant placed in proper" condition by September, as several of the engineers, firemen, and laborers, owing to the high rates of pay offered else- where, resigned during the late spring and early summer. The situ- ation became so acute that it was necessary, in order to retain any of the old men, to increase their compensation by $10 to $15 a month, but even this increase failed to hold them, so that when the heating season arrived all of the assistant engineers had been re- placed by new men and most of the firemen and laborers. Fortu- nately, the only important repair required was the retubing of the feed-water heater. It is gratifying to report that although the cost of coal was greater than the preceding year, the cost of electric current was somewhat REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. 17 less, being 2.512 cents against 2.795 cents the year before. This was due primarily to the fact that steam was required for heating purposes a greater number of days than usual, although the winter was mild, so that the production of current was to a certain extent a by-product. The coal furnished by the Government fuel yards was extremely poor and not suited for the type of stokers in the Museum. After the 1st of April a better grade was furnished. In addition to the increased cost of coal the cost of the removal of ashes was several hundred per cent greater than ever before, due to the large amount of ash in the coal and great increase in cost for cubic yard in re- moval. The total amount of coal used was 3,156.50 tons, of which the Bureau of War Risk Insurance paid for 499.88 tons. Owing to the closing of the building and its use for office pur- poses a heavier electrical load was carried, which with the change in the operating force and the impossibility of keeping on a suffici- ent number of men caused greater wear and tear on the machinery. Among the important changes made in the plant during the year which will materially aid in its operation v/as the purchase of an oiling system for the main bearing of the engines which has never been satisfactory. By the use of this apparatus the oil passing over the main bearing flows by gravity to a large receiving tank in the pump pit from which it is lifted by a double-ended steam pump to a filter placed on the main engine room floor, where all dirt and entrained water is removed. The pump then lifts the oil from the filter to a receiving tank near the ceiling of the engine room in which is a continuous pipe coil for circulating cooling water. From this tank the oil passes by gravity back to the reservoir on each engine, thence to the individual bearings. It is expected that this arrangement will do away with the common danger of burning the main bearings of the engine, and will greatly prolong the life of the bearings. The ventilating system for the engine room, which had been exceedingly unsatisfactory', has been changed, greatly improving con- ditions. The 30-inch fan originally installed for forcing hot air from the engine room into the rooms and shops in the east hall base- ment is now utilized for forcing fresh air through a system of ducts running along the ceiling of the engine room. And provision has been made for more efficiently heating the adjacent rooms and shops by the installation of radiators connected with the hot-water system. The ice plant was operated 5,215 hours, producing a total of 331.8 tons of ice at a cost of $3.70 a ton. Although the cost of ice was less than the preceding year, it was still much higher than it should have 143943°— 20 2 18 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. been, due primarily to the fact that the plant is becoming less efficient each year. The cost of labor and material was $246.18 and for cur- rent for operating the motor $982.51, making a total of $1,228.69. All of the fire extinguishers were recharged and thoroughly over- hauled during the year. The electric fire alarm systems in all of the buildings were inspected every three months. The system is not entirely satisfactory, and it will undoubtedly be necessary to replace it as soon as a more satisfactory system can be tested. In view of the large amount of miscellaneous work which the Museum was called upon to do for the Bureau of War Risk Insur- ance, the Bureau provided an electrician and furnished all the electric lamps for replacements on the three floors occupied by it, at a cost of $1,126.98. There were acquired during the year 4 exhibition cases and 199 pieces of storage and laboratory furniture, besides 682 unit drawers and 400 insect drawers. The inventory of furniture at the close of the year showed 3,556 exhibition cases, 11,178 pieces of storage, lab- oratory, office, and other furniture, 45,867 wooden unit drawers, 4,712 metal unit drawers, 10,742 insect drawers, 10,671 special drawers with compo bottoms, and 7,991 miscellaneous drawers, wing frames, etc. During the period of the war heavier demands were made on the members of the watch force than ever before, and in addition to this many of the best men were called into the service. At one time the force was reduced s'o low that there were not sufficient men to guard the buildings and collections. The situation became so serious that the Civil Service Commission, not having any eligibles on its regis- ters, authorized the Museum to appoint men from the outside with- out examination. Through the United States Employment Bureau and other agencies a sufficient number of men was procured and the force kept in a fair condition. COLLECTIONS. Tlie total number of specimens acquired by the Museum during the year was approximately 526,845. Received in 1,198 separate acces- sions, they were classified and assigned as follows: Department of anthropologj', 12,333; zoology, 442,383; botany, 40,357; geology and mineralogy, 4,750; paleontology, 26,050; textiles, woods, medicines, foods, and other miscellaneous animal and vegetable products, 884; mineral technology, 62 ; and National Gallery of Art, 26. As loans for exhibition, 3,096 articles were also obtained, mainly for the divi- sions of history and American archeology and the Gallery of Art. Material to the extent of 539 lots was received for special exami- nation and report. REPORT OF FATIONAli MUSEUM, 1919. 19 The distribution of duplicates, mainly to schools and colleges for educational purposes, aggregated 3,441 specimens, of which 1,378 were contained in seven regular sets of fossil invertebrates averag- ing 47 specimens each and six regular sets of moUusks of 174 speci- mens each. The balance comprised 19 special lots, consisting of ma- rine invertebrates, reptiles, fishes, fossils, minerals and ores, stone unplements, and basketry specimens. In making exchanges for additions to the collections, a total of 5,227 duplicate specimens were distributed. These consisted largely of plants. Material sent out to specialists for study on behalf of the Museum amounted to 19,851 specimens, mainly biological. War collections. — In furtherance of its extensive historical ex- hibits, the Museum, early in the year, through cooperation with the War and Navy Departments, undertook the assembling and installa- tion of a collection of materials connected with the World War, which will form one of its most important collections and may, ultimatelyj require a separate building. It is proposed to perpetuate the part taken by the United States in this war by preserving and exhibiting objects graphically illustrating the military, naval, and aerial activi- ties not only of our own side of the conflict but of that of our op- ponents as well. The value of such a collection can not be overestimated from the popular or the scientific standpoint, not only forming a fitting and serviceable supplement to the written and printed records relating to the histor)^ of the war, but constituting a most notable memorial to the patriotic individuals who have contributed to the preservation of civilization. It will also be of the highest value for historical and scientific research. The scope of this exhibit includes not only the general and in- dividual military and naval equipment of the various branches of the service, but accessories of all kinds, military and naval decorations and medals, commemorative medals of notable events, mementos, trophies, pictorial and printed material, manuscripts, and other ob- jects relating to the war in all its phases. As the National History Building was closed and every available foot of space in it assigned to the Treasury Department, the material received during the year for the War Collections was mainly in- stalled in the Arts and Industries Building. Some of the large and heavy objects were placed in the open to the west of the building. By the close of the year material for the War Collections was coming in such quantity that it became necessary to also assign to this sub- ject all of the central portion of the ground story and the rotunda of the Natural History Building, space usually reserved for special exhibitions of a very temporary nature. 20 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 11>19. Of the many articles received during the year for the War Col- lections, special mention is made of the combined order of battle map corrected to November 11, 1918, with its accessories, as used by General Pershing and his staff at Chaumont, France, throughout the progress of the American military movements; a collection of Ger- man military paraphernalia captured during the various engage- ments in which the American troops participated, and assembled in France by Maj. Gen. H. L. Rogers, United States Armj?; two French military airplanes used on the western front, the first battle plane built in this country for the United States Government, and a Curtiss training plane such as used at all the training fields in the United States. The Museum is particularly fortunate in having a very excellent series of objects showing the development of the air- plane, beginning with the Langley models which have been in its possession for a number of years, and the first Government-owned aeroplane of the world purchased by the United States from Wright Brothers in 1909. Through arrangement with the Army and Navy, the Museum is also planning to exhibit examples of every plane, engine, radio ap- paratus, and other accessory in production in the United States at the time of the armistice, and has secured for this exhibit the tem- porary metal structure erected on the Smithsonian grounds in 1917 by the War Department for the use of the Air Service. The inauguration of the War Collections gave great impetus to the division of history and added largely to the duties of its extremely small staff. Representing the War Department in the historical phase of the matter. Col. C. W. Weeks, Chief of the Historical Branch of the General Staff, Army War College, was of much as- sistance in connection with the inception of the work. Capt. J. J. Hittinger, Quartermaster Corps, detailed to the Museum by the War Department, gave general supervision to the assembling and instal- lation of the exhibits, and to his efforts are due the success of many phases of the development of the collections. Other collections. — Aside from the War Collections, the Museum received this year much material of value and interest in other lines. In the division of history these additions included a large series of costumes worn by the actor Richard Mansfield in some of his leading roles, donated by Mrs. Mansfield; the gold medal awarded by Con- gress in 1800 to Capt. Thomas Truxtun, lent by Mr. Thomas Truxtun Houston ; a telescope owned by Thomas Jefferson, lent by Brig. Gen. Jefferson Randolph Kean ; and a jeweled sword belonging to and pre- sented to the Museum by Maj. Gen. John R. Brooke. Other important acquisitions in the department of anthropology were archeological material from Arizona collected by the curators of ethnology and of KEPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. 21 archeolog}'; costumes, ornaments, and implements collected for the Museum in Celebes by Mr. H. C. Raven under the auspices of Dr. William L. Abbott; skeletal material from the ancient pueblo region, presented by the Museum of the American Indian through Mr. F. W. Hodge ; ancl crania and other physical remains from Alaska, the gift of Dr. Edwin Kirk. The large increase this year in the department of biology was chiefly due to the incorporation of the unrivaled collection of Antil- lean land moUusks of approximately 400,000 specimens, donated by Mr. John B. Henderson, a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution. Other important biological accessions included the final installment of Mr. Raven's Celebes collections, resulting from Doctor Abbott's generosity ; a large amount of interesting material from the Collins- Gamer Expedition to the French Congo, and several much desired large mammals collected by Secretary Walcott during his explora- tions in British Columbia. Among the additions to the National Herbarium should be men- tioned a donation, chiefly Mexican, from Brother G. Arsene, repre- senting the result of eight years' botanical collecting by himself and associates among the Christian Brothers ; two large series of Philip- pine plants, one received in exchange from the Bureau of Science, Manila, the other acquired by purchase; two collections of Vene- zuelan plants, the first the gift of Dr. H. Pittier, and the other an ex- change from the Museu Goeldi in Para, Brazil; the Museum's share of specimens from the Ecuadorean Andes collected by Dr. J. N. Rose on an expedition undertaken jointly with the New York Botanical Garden and the Gray Herbarium, and exchanges with the last-mentioned institution added still other South American plants. In the department of geology the somewhat fewer additions this year than last was in part compensated for by the unusual value of sundry individual specimens. Among these may be mentioned exam- ples of tungsten minerals both from domestic and foreign sources, including a magnificent specimen of scheelite presented by Dr. J. Morgan Clements, of New York City, and upward of 16.5 kilograms of the extraordinary meteorite which fell at Cumberland Falls, in Whitley County, Kentucky, on the 9th of April, 1919. The availability of the Frances Lea Chamberlain Fund enabled the department to begin once more a systematic building up of the Isaac Lea gem collection, a 7-gram kunzite, a 16-gram black opal from Nevada, and 5 beautiful examples of Australian opals of a variety heretofore unrepresented in the collections being among the more important additions. The Middle Cambrian collections obtained by Secretary Walcott from Burgess Pass in British Columbia, numbering nearly 7,000 in- 22 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. dividual specimens, form an addition of unusual value. The same is true of a collection including both fossil invertebrates and plants, mainly from Carboniferous and Silurian rocks of Indiana, and espe- cially rich in beautifully preserved crinoids. This collection, com- prising not less than 10,000 specimens, was a gift of Mr. Alva Schaefer of Brazil, Indiana. Excellent exhibition materials in the line of vertebrate fossils, including part of a skeleton with a skull of the curious amphibial Diplocaulus copei from the Permian of Texas ; a skull of Monoclo- nius; a skull, partial skeleton, and two hind paddles of Tylosaui^s; and an articulated series of caudal vertebrae of Platycarpus are among the more important accessions. Mention should be made of the addition to the exliibition series of the mounted skeleton of Dimetrodon gigas which was secured som.e few years ago. This forms the most complete restoration of this extraordinary animal that has thus far been secured by any museum in the world. To the collections under the charge of the curator of textiles — • which, besides textiles, embrace wood technology, medicine, food, and animal and vegetable products — the most important addition was the collection received by transfer from the Office of the Surgeon Gen- eral of the War Department, consisting of the apparatus, hospital appliances and field equipment used by the medical department, in- cluding the dental and sanitary divisions in the war with Germany, showing examples of all kinds of equipment of a thousand-bed hospital overseas. At the end of the year this was being made ready for the public in connection with the War Collections on the ground floor of the Natural History Building. Other acquisitions included medicinal plants, pharmaceutical products, pile fabrics, novelty dress fabrics, leather cloth, and other waterproof textiles extensively used during the war, knitting and crocheting yarns with examples of pattern stitches, an extensive col- lection illustrating the production, classification, and service of foods with many such from the Department of Agriculture and the United States Food Administration, and an exhibit illustrative of neglected sources of supply of fats and oils for food purposes. In making the food exhibits as useful as possible, a cooperative arrangement was entered into with the States Relations Service of the Department of Agriculture whereby regular demonstrations on the value, use, preparation, and conservation of foods were given at the Museum by experts of the Department. A large room in the Arts and Industries Building was fitted up as a demonstration kitchen and space provided for displaying foods, household equipment, etc. Miss A. Chinn was detailed by the Department of Agriculture to take charge of this work, which soon broadened into a household consul- tation center, with lectures and demonstrations covering a wide REPORT OF NATIONAL, MUSEUM, 1910. 23 range of subjects. Through classes for housekeepers in the morning and afternoon and special classes for war workers at 5 p. m., over 2,100 persons were reached. In mineral technology the customary work of the division was shelved in favor of special activities with a more direct bearing on the national emergency, and as the war progressed the call for spe- cialization on the part of its technical staff increased. While the country was still actively involved on a basis of war, scarcely a day passed without bringing calls from some governmental agency for assistance with reference to one or another industrial issue up for consideration on an emergency rating, the questions ranging from determining a fair price for mica to determining the likelihood of a paralyzing petroleum shortage. As the year advanced, however, two absorbing lines of special investigation developed to such a de- gree that during the latter half of the year they largely engrossed the attention of the staff. Their general nature may be gathered from the titles imder which the results were issued. One, " A Eeport on the Political and Commercial Control of the Nitrogen Eesources of the World," represents an effort to unravel the complexities of the nitrogen situation left behind in the passing of the war. The other, "The Energy Eesources, a Field for Eeconstruction," coordi- nates and summarizes the work of several years. The reports of the head curators in the natural history departments and of the curators in the department of arts and industries, be- ginning on page 53, give in detail the additions to and the work on their collections during the year. NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART. The National Gallery of Art has, in the judgment of Dr. William H. Holmes, its curator, been lifted to a position in the art world inferior to but few of our American galleries by the munificent con- tribution of ISIx. Ealph Cross Johnson, of Washington, comprising 24 rare works by European masters — Italian, French, English, Flem- ish, and Dutch. Mr. Johnson has long been a friend of the Gallery. When it was first opened to the public in its present quarters on March 17, 1910, nine paintings of exceptional merit lent by him graced the walls of one of the small north rooms, and that room continued to display a varying number of valuable paintings on loan through his generosity until the spring of 1919, when the larger hall immediately south was assigned to Mr. Johnson's pictures. Twenty-four of his masterpieces were here installed, some of which had previously been exhibited and others new to the Gallery. As soon as the adjustment of the wall space was completed and the effect satisfactory, Mr. Johnson made deed of gift of the paintings to the Gallery, as follows : 24 REPORT OF NATIONAL, MUSEUM, 1919. GiTT intee-\t;vos. I hereby give, grant, and set over unto The National Gallery of Art, now lo- cated in the National Museum at Washington, D. C, a collection of paintings, specifically enumerated and entitled in the attached Schedule, to be held by the said National Gallery of Art absolutely and in fee simple. It is my express desire and wish that said collection be hung in a room by itself without addi- tion or diminution. IN WITNESS WHEREOF I have hereunto set my hand and seal this 19th day of June in the Year of Our Lord one thousand nine hundred and nineteen. Ralph Cross Johnson, [seal.] Signed, sealed and delivered in the presence of — Richard W. Hynson. Charles P. Light. Schedule. Ruins and Figures Portrait of a Pope A View in Rome Lord Mulgrave Lord Abercorn (large canvas (canvas (canvas (canvas (canvas Holy Family (panel Landscape — Sunset (canvas Holy Family, Joseph and St. Elisabeth (canvas Portrait of a Man with Large Hat (canvas Landscape and Figures — Evening (canvas Autumn Landscape (canvas A Venetian Senator (panel Holy Family and Two Angels (circular panel "Edinburgh," or Sunlight and Air (canvas The Duchess of Ancaster (canvas Summer Afternoon — Landscape Portrait of Viscount Hill Sir Sampson Wright Archibald Skirving Madonna and Child A Burgomaster The Marriage of St. Catherine Portrait of Mrs. Price Portrait of Mrs. Towry (canvas (canvas (canvas (canvas (canvas (canvas (panel (canvas (canvas F. Guardi (signed). Titian. F. Guardi. Thomas Gainsborough. Sir Thomas Lawrence, P. R. A. Bernard van Orley. Richard Wilson, R. A. P. P. Rubens. Rembrandt (signed). Thomas Gainsborough. David Cox. Lorenzo Lotto. Sebastiano Mainardi. J. M. W. Turner. S ir J. Reynolds, P. R. A. Richard Wilson, R, A. Sir Joshua Reynolds. George Romney. Sir Henry Raeburn. G 0 v a e r t Flinck — Flemish School. N. Maes (signed), Dutch. Innocenzo da Imola. William Hogarth. Sir Thomas Lawrence. P. R. A. The other permanent accessions to the Gallery during the year were the portrait of Hon. Franklin K. Lane, painted by Ossip Perelma in 1918 and donated by Mr. Frank B. Noyes, of Washington, and a marble bust of S. F. B. Morse by Horatio Greenough, 1831, the gift of Mr. Edward L. Morse, of Pittsfield, Massachusetts. The loans were two paintings in oil by William H. Powell, " Wash- ington at Valley Forge," and Portrait of Alphonse Marie Louis de I REPORT OF NATIONAL, MUSEUM, 1919. 26 Lamartine, 1790-1864, painted from life, lent by Mrs. W. H. Powell, of New York; oil painting, " Interior of Levardin Church, Florence, Italy," by S. Jerome Uhl, from Mr. R. P. Tolman, United States National Museum ; oil painting, " The Infant Jesus and Saint John," by Rubens, 1633, from Hon. Hoffman Philip, Department of State; oil painting, " Madonna and Child," attributed to Raphael, from Mr. Thomas B. O'Sullivan, of Washington; water color, "Rhone Valley," by John M. W. Turner, from Miss Elizabeth Ogden Adams, South Lincoln, Massachusetts; and two portraits in oil, Maj. E. Alexander Powell, 1919, and Miss Clara J. Gordon, 1916, by Wilford Seymour Conrow, received from the artist. In May Secretary Walcott, accompanied by the curator of the Gallery, visited New York to attend a meeting of the American Fed- eration of Arts, on which occasion Doctor Walcott presented an address on the " National Gallery, Its Present Status and Prospects." Visits were made to various art museums and to the residence of Rev. A. D. Pell, who announced his intention to present to the Gal- lery a large selection from his vast stores of French and other art objects. At the close of the A^ear the first installment of this collec- tion had reached the United States National Museum and its instal- lation was initiated in the north alcove of the Gallery. The year marks the inauguration of purchases by the Council of the National Academy of Design from the Henry Ward Ranger Fund. The first acquisition, a landscape by Bruce Crane entitled " December Uplands," was assigned to the Syracuse Museum of Art, and under the conditions prescribed by Mr. Ranger can be reclaimed by the National Gallery of Art at any time during the five-year period beginning 10 years after the artist's death. Fourteen oil paintings from the collection by leading contempo- rary European artists deposited in the Gallery by the American Fed- eration of Arts in June, 1915, were withdrawn by the Federation in October, 1918, for exhibition on circuit, being shipped to the Arnot Gallery, Elmira, New York. At the end of the year 12 of these had again been deposited in the Gallery by the Federation. The Gallery, like other portions of the Natural History Building, was closed to visitors the middle of July, and before opening again to the public in April it was thoroughly renovated and the burlap on the walls in part renewed. Important changes were also made in the installation during the year, so that it is now in more perfect con- dition than at any previous period. The Advisory Committee on the National Gallery of Art was un- fortunate during the year in losing by death two of its valued mem- bers, Mr. Frederic Crowninshield on September 18, 1918, and Mr. C. Y. Turner on January 1, 1919. The latter, as chairman from April 12, 1913, gave liberally of his time and talent, while the former 26 EEPOET OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. served as a member of the committee from its organization on xYpril 16, 1908. By the appointment of Mr. Edmund C. Tarbell and Mr. Douglas Volk, the committee is now constituted as follows: Dr. W. H. Holmes, chairman and secretary, Mr. Edwin H, Blashfield, Mr. Herbert Adams, Mr. Tarbell, and Mr. Volk. The recent formation by a group of public spirited and patriotic men and women of a National Art Committee to secure for the Na- tional Gallery of Art a series of portraits of military, civil, and religious leaders in the World War, painted by American artists, is of special significance since, aside from valuable additions to the Gallery, it evidences the awakening of public interest in the welfare of the nation's art collections. Hon. Henry D. White (one of the peace commissioners) is the chairman of the committee; Mr. Her- bert L. Pratt, of New York, secretary and treasurer ; and among the members are Mr. J. P. Morgan, Mr. Henry Frick, Mrs. E. H. Harri- man, Mr. Robert W. de Forest, Mr. Guy Lowell, and Dr. Charles D. Walcott. There will be 20 or more portraits and the fund, already underwritten, is in excess of $200,000. FREER COLLECTIONS. Much progress was made this year on the building for the Freer collections being erected by the Institution, at the expense of Mr. Charles L. Freer, on the southwestern comer of the Smithsonian Reservation. The building was entirely enclosed at the end of the year, the exterior granite and marble walls and the roofs being com- pleted. Work on the interior is now progressing satisfactorily. All interior limestone work is complete, ready for cleaning, and the interior marble work, including marble floors, is four-fifths fin- ished, and the plastering, plmnbing, heating, ventilating, and elec- trical installations are likewise nearing completion. It is expected that the structure will be entirely finished in the autumn. This building is specially designed and will be used for the Freer collections of American and oriental art, which are by far the most important within their particular fields in existence, and are valued at several million dollars. The most recent transfer to the Institu- tion by Mr. Freer aggregated ^28 objects, as mentioned in the Museum report for 1918, bringing the number of items in the Freer collections to upv/ard of 6,200. It will be recalled that in the original agreement between Mr. Freer and the Institution, entered into in 1906, the collections were to remain in the donor's possession during his life, and only subsequently was the building to be con- structed and the collections moved to Washington. The building fund, as provided by Mr. Freer in the same deed of gift, was then fixed at $500,000. Owing to the very gi^eat increase in the size of the collections and the increased cost of building operations this REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. 27 was later doubled. Waiving the condition as to the time of transfer of the collections, Mi". Freer, in 1915, decided upon the early erection of the building, and the structure now nearing completion is the result of much care and attention on his part and on that of the architect, Mr. Charles A. Piatt, being especially designed for the convenience of students and others desirous of an opportunity for uninterrupted study of the collections. VISITORS. Owing to the occupancy of the exhibition halls of the Natural His- tory Building by the Bureau of War Risk Insurance, this building was closed to the public from July 16, 1918, to April 11, 1919. Dur- ing the approximate three months that the building was open the attendance of visitors was 94,240 for week days and 38,619 for Sun- days, making an average of 1,149 for week days and 2,758 for Sun- days. From November 10 to April 6 the opening of the Arts and Industries Building was extended to include Sundays as well as week days, the number of visitors for the year being 225,927 on week days and 40,605 on Sundays, a daily average of 721 for the former and 1,845 for the latter. At the Smithsonian Building, which is open only on week days, the total attendance was 101,504, with a daily average of 324. In view of the excellent Sunday attendance at the Arts and Indus- tries Building during the short period that it was opened on that day, it seems highly desirable that both Museum buildings should be open every Sunday. This will only be possible when additional funds are provided to cover the extra watchmen and other attendants required. The following tables show the attendance of visitors each month of the past year and for each year since 1881, when the building now devoted to the arts and industries was first opened to the public : Number of visitors during the year ending June 30, 1919. Year and month. 1918, July August September. October November. December. . Museum buildings. Arts and Indus- tries. 17,323 19, 151 19,776 15,3.39 20, 805 26, 721 Natural History. 19,262 Smithso- nian Building. 8,419 9,485 9,754 5,633 8,468 9,375 Year and month. 1919. January February. .. March April May June Total . Museum buildings. Arts and Indus- tries. 24, 393 24,147 31,451 23, 060 19,511 24,855 266,532 Natural History. 29, 404 40, 619 43,574 132, 859 Smithso- nian Building. 8,170 8,067 9,666 9,166 7,155 8,146 101,504 28 EEPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. Number of visitors to the Mustiem and Smithsonian buildings since 18S1. Year. 1881 1882 1883 1884 (half year).... 1884-85 (fiscal year) 1885-86 1886-87 1887-88 1888-89 1889-90 1890-91 1891-92 1892-93 1893-94 1894-95 1895-96 1896-97 1897-98 1898-99 1899-1900 1900-1 Museum buildings. Arts and Indus- tries 150,000 167,455 202, 188 97,661 205, 026 174,225 216,562 249,665 374, 843 274,324 286,426 269,825 319, 830 195, 748 201, 744 180,505 229, 606 177, 254 192,471 225,440 216,556 Natural History. Smithso- nian Building. 100,000 152, 744 104,823 45, 565 105, 993 88,960 98,552 102, 863 149,618 120, 894 111,669 114,817 174, 188 103,910 105, 658 103, 650 115, 709 99, 273 116,912 133, 147 151,563 Year. 1901-2 1902-3 , 1903^ 1904-5 1905-6 1906-7 , 1907-8 , 1908-9 1909-10 1910-11 1911-12 1912-13 1913-14 1914-15 1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 1918-19 Total Museum buildings. Arts and Indus- tries 173, 8SS 315, 307 220, 778 235,921 210, 886 210, 107 299,659 245, 187 228,804 207, 010 172, 182 173, 858 146, 533 133, 202 146, 956 161, 700 161, 298 266,532 8,317,262 Natural History. Smitliso- nian Building. 50,403 151,112 281,887 319, 806 329,381 321,712 381, 228 407, 025 401, 100 1 132, 859 2,776.513 144, 107 181,174 143, 988 149,380 149,661 153, 591 237, 182 198, 054 179, 163 167, 085 143, 134 142,420 102, 645 40,324 48,517 86, 335 67, 224 101,504 4, 835, 996 1 Building open only three months of the year. PUBLICATIONS. The publications of the year comprised 8 volumes and 71 sep- arate papers. The former consisted of the annual reports of the Museum for 1917 and 1918; volumes 52 and 53 of the Proceedings; and the following four Bulletins: No. 50, Part VIII, "The Birds of North and Middle America," by Eobert Eidgway, containing descriptions of the jacanas, thick-knees, oyster-catchers, turnstones, surf birds, plovers, snipes, phalaropes,- avocets and stilts, skim- mers, terns, gulls, skuas, and auks; No. 100, volume 3, "Contribu- tions to the biology of the Philippine Archipelago and adjacent regions. Starfishes of the Philippine seas and adjacent waters," by Walter K. Fisher; No. 102, volume 1, "The mineral industries of the United States. The energy resources of the United States: A field for reconstruction," by Chester G. Gilbert and Joseph E. Pogue; and No. 105, "Catalogue of the postage stamps and stamped envelopes of the United States and possessions, issued prior to Jan- uary 1, 1919," by Joseph B. Leavy. Of the 71 papers issued in separate form 2 were parts of Bulletin No. 99, "East African mammals in the United States National Mu- seum," by N. Hollister, as follows: "Part I. Insectivora, Chirop- REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. 29 tera, and Carnivora," and "Part II. Eodentia, Lagoniorpha, and Tiibutidentata"; 2 Avere parts of volume 1, and 2 of volume 2, of Bulletin 100, "Contributions to the biology of the Philippine x^rchi- pelago and adjacent regions," as follows: Volume 1, part 4, "Re- port on the Chaetognatha collected by the United States Fisheries Steamer Albatross during the Philippine expedition, 1907-1910," by Ellis L. Michael; and part 5, "Hydromedusae, Siphonophores, and Ctenophores of the Albatross Philippine expedition," by Henry B. Bigelow ; volume 2, part 1, "The Salpidae collected by the United States Fisheries Steamer Albatross in Philippine waters during the years 1908 and 1909," by Maynard M. Metcalf; and part 2, "The Salpidae: A taxonomic study," by Maynard M. Metcalf and Mary M. Bell. Three parts of Bulletin 102, "The mineral industries of the United States," were issued, namely, part 5, "Power: Its sig- nificance and needs," by Chester G. Gilbert and Joseph E. Pogue; part 6, "Petroleum: A resource interpretation," by Chester G. Gil- bert and Joseph E. Pogue; and part 7, "Natural Gas: Its produc- tion, serA'ice, and conservation," by Samuel S. Wyer. Bulletin 103, "Contributions to the geology and paleontology of the Canal Zone, Panama, and geologically related areas in Central America and the West Indies," represents the work of a number of specialists, whose papers were issued, in separate form, as follows: Pages 1-13, "On /some fossil and recent Lithothamnieae of the Panama Canal Zone," by Marshall A. Howe; pages 15-44, "The fossil higher plants from the Canal Zone," by Edward W. Berry; pages 45-87, "The smaller fossil foraminifera of the Panama Canal Zone," by Joseph Augus- tine Cusliman; pages 89-102, "The larger fossil foraminifera of the Panama Canal Zone," by Joseph Augustine Cushman; pages 103- L16, "Fossil echini of the Panama Canal Zone and Costa Eica," by Pobert Tracy Jackson; pages 117-122, "Bryozoa of the Canal Zone and related areas," by Ferdinand Canu and Ray S. Bassler; pages 123-184, "Decapod crustaceans from the Panama region," by Mary J. Rathbun; pages 185-188, "Cirripedia from the Panama Canal Zone," by H. A. Pilsbry; pages 525-545, "The sedimentary forma- tions of the Panama Canal Zone, with special reference to the strati- graphic relations of the fossiliferous beds," by Donald Francis Mac- Donald; and pages 547-612, "The biologic character and geologic correlation of the sedimentary formations of Panama in their rela- tion to the geologic history of Central America and the West In- dies," by Thomas Wayland Vaughan. One part of Bulletin 104, "The foraminifera of the Atlantic Ocean," by Joseph Augustine Cushman, namely, "Part 1. Astrorhizidae," was also issued. Of the remaining separates 2 formed parts of volume 20, "Contributions from the United States National Herbarium." while 19 were from volume 64, and 29 from volume 55 of the Proceedings, as listed in the 30 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. bibliography at the end of this report. A brief guide to the Arts and Industries and History Building was also issued. The distribution of volumes and separates to libraries and indi- viduals on the regular mailing lists aggregated 103,870 copies, in addition to which some 14,456 copies of the publications of last and previous years were supplied in response to special applications. In addition to the Museum publications, many contributions based on material in its collections were printed by other bureaus of the Government and by private institutions, all of which are cited in the bibliography. Those issued by the Smithsonian Institution com- prise the following, which appeared in the Miscellaneous Collections : " The mosses collected by the Smithsonian African Expedition, 1909-10.'' and " Uganda mosses collected by R. Diimmer and others," by H. N. Dixon; "Cambrian geology and paleontology, IV, No. 4, Appendages of trilobites," by Charles D. Walcott; "Begoniaceae Centrali-Americanae et Ecuadorenses," by Casimir de Candolle; "A Lower Cambrian edrioasterid, Stromatocystites walcotti," by Charles Schuchert, and " Explorations and field-work of the Smith- sonian Institution in 1918." The editorial office, besides supervising the printing of the Museum publications, also has charge of all miscellaneous printing and bind- ing. LIBRARY. The library of the Museum, assembled with reference to the work- ing up of the collections, embraces a wide range of subjects in the sciences and arts. The main library is housed in the Natural History Building, while the publications on the useful arts are provided for in the Arts and Industries Building. Moreover, each of the divisions and the principal offices of the Museum has its own sectional library, consisting of the books relating wholly to its subject; these are with- drawn from the main branches and so distributed in order to facili- tate the progi'ess of work. The use of the library and its sections is not, however, restricted to members of the Museum staff, but is extended to all properly qualified persons, a privilege extensively availed of by the workers in other Government scientific bureaus and similar establishments in Washington. During the year the library was increased by 2,172 volumes and 2,614 pamphlets and unbound papers, most of which were obtained by gift or exchange. Two hundred and eighty-seven books were purchased and 106 periodicals secured by subscription. There are now in the library 141,794 books, consisting of 54,685 volumes and 87,109 pamphlets and unbound papers. The most important acquisition was a set of catalogues of the art collection of J. Pierpont IMorgan, which was presented to the REPORT OF NATIONAL, MUSEUM, 1919. 31 librar}^ by his son, J. Pierpont Morgan, jr. Many of these were printed privately in numbered editions, and for tliis reason are rare and vahiable. Acknowledgment is due to the heirs of Dr. Eichard Rathbiin for the gift of his valuable library relating to museums of the world and to natural history subjects, and to the University of Michigan for donating the 12 volumes which have been published of the humanistic series. Others contributing valuable material were Dr. Charles D. Walcott, Mr. B. H. Swales, Mr. William Schaus, Dr. O. P. Hay, Dr. C. W. Eichmond, Dr. W. IT. Dall, Dr. Mary J. Eathbun, Mr. Austin H. Clark, and Mr. W. E. Maxon. MEETINGS AND CONGRESSES. The auditorium and committee rooms in the Natural History Building were not available during the first six months of the year. Shortly after the signing of the armistice, however, the auditorium was vacated by the Bureau of War Eisk Insurance. As soon as it could be repainted and the chairs replaced, the Smithsonian In- stitution inaugurated a series of free popular illustrated lectures on alternate Saturday afternoons between 4.45 and 5.30 o'clock, the lecturers and their subjects being as follows: January 18 : Dr. Charles D. Walcott, " Photographing in the Canadian Eockies." February 1 : Dr. Charles G. Abbot, " Sun Rays in Many Lands." February 15 : Dr. J. Walter Fewkes, " The Indian as a Stone IVIason." March 1 : Dr. George P. Merrill, " Meteorites and Shooting Stars." March 15 : Prof. William H. Holmes, " The Story of our Local Aborigines — Historic and Prehistoric with Demonstrations of their Instrument Making." March 29 : Dr. L. O. Howard, " Harmful and Beneficial Insects and How the National Museum Helps in their Study." April 12 : Mr. F. L. Lewton, " The Story of Silk." April 26 : Mr. F. V. Coville, " Why the Wild Flowers are so Wild." As soon as the auditorium was available the meeting facilities afforded by the Museum were in demand by Government depart- ments and scientific societies, as in previous years. The Department of Labor used the auditorium on the evenings of January 9, 10, and 14, for lectures under the training section of the United States Employment Bureau, Doctor Meeker speaking on gathering and interpreting statistics, and Doctor Prosser on train- ing of the handicapped; and on the morning of May 8 for a con- ference on child welfare standards, with an illustrated lecture, under the auspices of the Children's Bureau. On the evening of the latter date the scientific and technical Federal employees occupied it for the purpose of forming an organization with a view to joining the Federal Employees Union. The hall was granted the Department of Agriculture on the after- noon of Februarv 11 for the use of the Forest Service for a lecture 32 KEPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. and motion pictures; on the afternoon of April 15 for the Oflfice of Home Economics for a lecture, with motion pictures, by Col. Jolm A. Murlin on efficiency and sanitation in the feeding of United States troops, and on the afternoon of May 28 for a meeting of the War Relief Association of that Department. The Treasury Department occupied the auditorium on February 1 for an exhibition, under the Public Health Service, of the moving picture film " Fit to Win," before the faculties and students of the departments of medicine and dentistry of Georgetown University, the speakers being Asst. Surg. Gen. C. C. Pierce, Dr. George M. Kober, and Dr. Bruce L. Taylor; and the Bureau of War Risk In- surance on December 31 for a farewell meeting to the retiring assist- ant director, Capt. John J. Crowley, United States Army ; on Jan- uary 17 for the annual meeting of the Allotments and Allowance Division; on January 31 for instructing its timekeepers; on Febru- ary 3 for organizing the employees of the Allotments and Allow- ance Division to constitute a branch of the Federal Employees Union ; on February 4 and 5 for lectures, under the auspices of the Commission on Training Camp Activities, before the female em- ployees of the Bureau; on February 9 to show moving pictures be- fore the female employees; on February 14 and 15 for all-day meet- ings of insurance officers from the demobilization camps ; on Febru- ary 17 for an informal meeting at which Mr, Gates, chief of the Allotments and Allowajice Division, addressed the employees; on March 10 and the afternoon of March 19 for lectures to different sections of its employees; and on March 24 for moving pictures of the Bureau's activities overseas, before the director and other mem- bers of the staff of the Bureau. The Ordnance Department of the War Department was assisted in its work by illustrated lectures in the auditorium on the afternoons of May 3 and 17, when Lieut. Col. G. M. Barnes spoke, respectively, on the battle scenes in the World War and the method of camouflaging used by the Artillery Division of the United States Army during the war. The National Academy of Sciences met this year on April 28 to 30, the afternoon of the last day being devoted to a joint session with the National Research Council. The main hall, range, and chapel of the Smithsonian Building were prepared for these meetings, but, after the first day's sessions, adjournment was had to the Museum auditorium and committee rooms, as affording better accommoda- tions. Dr. James Henry Breasted, of the University of Chicago, delivered in the auditorium the two lectures under the William Ellery Hale foundation on " The origin of civilization, from the old stone age to the dawn of civilization," the first on the evening of April 28, and the second on the next afternoon. The first was followed REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. 33 by a reception by the Secretary and Regents of the Smithsonian to the members of the Academy and their friends, all the exhibition halls of the first floor including those of the National Gallery of Art being opened to the guests. Other speakers before the Academy and their subjects included the following : Alfred G. Mayer, The Age of the Fringing Reef of Tu- tuila, American Samoa ; Charles D. Walcott, Seaweeds and Sponges of the Middle Cambrian ; Robert G. Aitken, The Spectra of the Vis- ual Binary Stars; George E. Hale, F. EUerman, S. B. Nicholson, and A. H. Joy, The Magnetic Polarity of Sun Spots; Walter S. Adams and A. H. Joy, The Motions in Space of Some Stars of High Radial Velocity; Walter S. Adams and G. Stromberg, The Use of the Spectroscopic Method for Determining the Parallaxes of the Brighter Stars; Adriaan van Maanen, Evidence of Stream-motion Afforded by the Faint Stars in the Orion Nebula ; Graham Lusk and H. V. Atkinson, The Production of Fat from Protein After Giving Meat in Large Quantity to a Dog; William S. Halsted, End-to-end Anastomosis of the Jntestine — Experimental Study; Robert M. Yerkes, Psychological Examining in the United States Army ; Fred- erick H. Scares, Relation Between Color and Luminosity for Stars of the Same Spectral Type; Frederick H. Scares, A. van Maanen, and F. EUerman, Deviations of the Sun's General Magnetic Field from that of a Uniformly Magnetized Sphere; W. W. Campbell, The Solar Corona; Herbert E. Gregory, Plans for Exploration of the Pacific; Francis G. Benedict, W. R. Miles, and Alice John- son, The Temperature of the Human Skin; S. J. Meltzer and M. Wollstein, The Influence of Degeneration of a Vagus Nerve upon the Development of Pneumonia; Edwin H. Hall, (1) The Effect of Great Pressure on the Electric Conductivity and Thermo- electric Properties of Metals, (2) Comments on the Results of Bridgman's Experiments, (3) Thermal Conduction in Metals, from the Standpoint of Dual Electric Conduction, and (4) The Thermo- electric Equation P=TdV/dT once more; Charles Lane Poor, Line of Position Computer ; Irving Langmuir, The Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms and Molecules; Henry F. Osborn, (1) Palseomas- todon, the Ancestor of the Long-jawed Mastodons Only, and (2) Seventeen Skeletons of Moropus: Probable Habits of this Animal; Thomas B. Osborne and Alfred J. Wakeman, The Preparation of Vitamine-free Proteins; Arthur G. Webster, (1) Tentative Results in Interior Ballistics, (2) Tentative Results in Elastic Hysteresis, (3) The Most Perfect Tuning Fork, and (4) Angle of Repose of Wet Sand; Edward Kasner, Geometiy of the Wave Equation; C. G. Abbot, (1) Rotating Projectiles from Smooth-bore Guns, (2) Means for Measuring the Speed of Projectiles in Flight, and (3) 143943°— 20 3 34 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. Recent Simultaneous Measurements of the Solar Constant of Radi- ation at Mount Wilson, California, and Calama, Chile; John C. Merriam, Human Remains from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea ; George E. Hale, The Past Work and Future Plans of the National Research Council ; John C. Merriam, The Division of General Rela- tions, Section of Relations with Educational Institutions and State Committees; R. A. Millikan, The Division of Physics, Mathema- tics, Astronomy, and Geophysics; Dayton C. Miller, Pressures and Velocities, Internal and External, due to the Discharge of Large Guns; E. W. Washburn, The Division of Chemistry and Chemical Technology; A. A. Noyes, Nitrate Investigations; Wliitman Cross, The Division of Geology and Geogi-aphy ; R. G. Hussey, The Divi- sion of Medicine and Related Sciences; R. M. Yerkes, Psychology in Relation to the War; C. E. McClung, The Division of Agricul- ture, Botany, Forestry, Zoology, and Fisheries ; and G. H. Clevenger, The Division of Engineering. The auditorium was used for a conference on the American mer- chant marine on January 22 and 23, with Hon, Joseph E. Ransdell presiding, and during official hours on June 4 for a joint shipping industrial conference, under the auspices of the United States Ship- ping Board. On the evening of the same day, the Louisiana Society of Washington arranged an illustrated lecture by Hon. M. F. Alex- ander, Commissioner of Conservation of Louisiana, on the work of the commission. The Biological Society of Washington met in the auditorium on the evening of January 25, and on April 3 and 4 the American Soci- ety of Mammalogists held its sessions in the auditorium and one of the committee rooms. The Wild Flower Preservation Society occu- pied one of the committee rooms on the afternoon of April 14, and, in connection with the meeting in Washington of the American Rose Society, the Florist Club of Washington gave a lecture on the culti- vation of roses in the auditorium on the evening of June 3. The annual meeting of the District of Columbia Chapter of Sigma Xi in the auditorium on March 6 was preceded by an illustrated lec- ture by Maj. R. M. Yerkes on the relationship of Army tests to edu- cation and vocational guidance. On JMarch 24 a widely attended meeting of officers and men of the American Army, presided over by Col. E. Lester Jones, resulted in the organization of the General Pershing Post No. 1 of the American Legion. The Minimum Wage Board of the District of Columbia used the auditorium on April 29 for a conference, and on June 23 there was a lecture, under the auspices of the National Women's Trade Union League, by Miss Margaret Bondfield, of England, on the new spirit of British labor. EEPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. 35 The employees of the Smithsonian Institution and its branches used the auditorium on May 1 for the purpose of organizing the Smithsonian branch of the Federal Employees Union No. 2, and a few days later for the nomination of candidates and the election of a representative to the central committee of the Smithsonian Institu- tion on the Joint Congressional Commission on the Reclassification of Salaries. A representative of the American National Red Cross addressed the employees of the Institution in the north hall of the Natural History Building on August 8, explaining the purpose of its salvage department in collecting old materials, such as waste paper, metals, bottles, and other objects, and converting the same into funds. The meetings of the Smithsonian Red Cross Auxiliary, the Smith- sonian Relief Association, and other similar bodies, were held in rooms on the third floor of the Natural History Building, as was also the lecture by Doctor Rabe before the women employees of the In- stitution on January 3, at the instance of the War Camp Community Service. ORGANIZATION, AND CHANGES IN STAFF. The scope of the United States National Museum embraces many subjects, which may be classed under the following headings : 1. Natural historj^, comprising zoolog;^', botany, geology, mmeral- ogy, paleontology, physical anthropolog}^, ethnology, and archeology. 2. Applied science and art (Arts and Industries). 3. The fine arts (National Gallery of Art). 4. American history. At the capitals of the principal countries abroad there are gen- erally'' several separate Government museums for these various classes, notably in London and Paris, resulting from the independent origin of the different collections. In London, for example, the subjects combined in the United States National Museum are distributed between two sections of the British Museum (Bloomsbury and South Kensington), the Victoria and Albert- Museum, the Science Museum, the Museum of Practical Geolog}^ Bethnal Green Museum, the Yv^al- lace Collection, the several national galleries of art, and others. In Washington, on the contrary and very fortunately, the entire museum scheme has, by law, been essentially combined under one administra- tion, which not only insures greater economy in management, but permits of a more logical classification and arrangement, the elimina- tion of duplication, and a consequent reduction in the relative amount of space required. The national collections of the United States are not yet to be compared as a whole with those of certain European capitals, though in natural history they are probably not surpassed there. In respect to the fine arts, the Freer collection comprises the most important 36 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. representation of oriental art in the world. However, in the fine arts generally and in the useful or industrial arts the National Museum has a great task before it, possible of accomplishment only when requisite facilities are supplied. Steps were taken during the year looking to the more definite organization of the department of arts and industries. Elaborate classifications have been proposed from time to time, but none of these have been strictly followed in the arrangement of the collec- tions, due mainly to the limitation of space. Work is being chiefly centered at present on those subdivisions which are most prominent in relation to current industrial affairs, but there are other subdivi- sions with important collections which are not represented by experts on the staff from lack of funds for their employment. As at present constituted the department of arts and industries may be consid- ered to consist of: The division of mineral teclinology; the divi- sion of textiles; the section of wood technology; the section of foods; the di'V'ision of medicine ; and the division of mechanical technology, the latter transferred from the department of anthropology at the close of the fiscal year. There were a number of changes in the scientific staff. On March 31, 1919, Mr. J. C. Crawford resigned his position as associate cura- tor of insects, though continuing to serve as custodian of Hymenop- tera. Dr. John M. Aldrich, earlier in the year made custodian of Diptera, was transferred on April 4, from the Department of Agri- culture to succeed Mr. Crawford as associate curator. Dr. "W. M. Mann was made assistant custodian of Hymenoptera, Mr. William Schaus assistant custodian of Lepidoptera. and Mr. Charles T. Green assistant custodian of Diptera. After long carrying the administrative duties of the division, Dr. Charles W. Eichmond, assistant curator, was advanced to the posi- tion of associate curator of birds on September 1, 1918. The section of birds' eggs was, on August 20, placed in charge of Mr. Bradshaw H. Swales, as custodian. On his return to the Museum on January 1, from military duty, Mr. Neil M. Judd was promoted to curator of American archeology'', Doctor Holmes wishing to be relieved of the immediate charge of that division. Mr. Philip A. Means was appointed a collaborator in archeology for two years, from March 1, 1919. Dr. Joseph E, Pogue was advanced on September 30, from assist- ant curator to curator of mineral technologv. From October 1 to April 8 he was furloughed from the Museum to the Fuel Adminis- tration, to assist in formulating a conservation program with refer- ence to petroleum resources. Mr. Cai*l W. Mitman, who severed his connection with the scientific staff of the Museum in 1917, re- turned to the Museum on October 9, 1918, as assistant curator of REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. 37 mineral technology, by transfer from the Department of Agriculture. The resignation of Dr. James C. Martin as assistant curator of physical and chemical geolog}', on May 6, resulted in the appoint- ment of Mr. Earl V. Shannon to that position, and Mr. William F. Foshag was made assistant curator of mineralogy and petrology on June 27. Mrs. Eula D. McEwan resigned as aid in pa.leobotany on September 25, 1918, and was succeeded on April 1 by Miss Lucile Simpson. By a readjustment of the routine of the department of biology, Dr. James E. Benedict's title was changed on December 4, from chief of exhibits to assistant curator, with duties directly under the head curator of the department. Mr. Isaac Ginsburg, aid in the division of fishes, severed his connection with the Museum on De- cember 19, 1918. Pending the appointment of a curator of mechanical technology to succeed Mr. Maynard, Dr. Walter Hough was asked to give a certain general oversight to the division of mechanical technology, and Mr. Richard G. Paine was transferred to the division as aid on October 1. On November 1, 1918, Miss Marie V. Schiffer, stenographer and typewriter in the division of history, was advanced to the position of aid in that division. During the first half of the year the following were gi-anted fur- loughs to enable them to render military or naval service to the country: W. M. N. Watkins, assistant curator of wood technology; E. J. Weiskoff, electrician; Fred Kaske, skilled laborer; William F. Best, watchman, and Charles Dishman and Alfred Frazier, laborers. The following, upon completion of military or naval duty, re- turned during the year to their positions in the Museum: Neil M. Judd, E. J. Weiskoff, Fred Kaske, Louis Goldberg, William F. Best, R. E. Eoper, Alfred Frazier, Bernard I. Jackson, J. E. Baldel, Roland Wells, and Charles Dishman. The last four, however, soon severed their connection here for more remunerative employment elsewhere. The year was marked by the passing away of an unusual number of persons long connected with the Museum. Besides Mr. Eathbun, Mr. Turner, and Mr. Crowninshield, whose deaths have been hereto- fore noted, mention should be made of Mr. George C. Maynard, curator of mechanical technology; Mr. A. Howard Clark, honorary curator of history; Mr. E. P. Upham, aid in American archeology; Mr. Frederick Knab, honorary custodian of Diptera; Mr. W. E. DeEiemer, of the clerical staff; Mr. W. C. Weeden, of the watch force, and Eldridge Hawkins, a laborer, who was for many years a familiar figure about the Smithsonian Building. 38 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. NECROLOGY. Richard Rathbiin, late assistant secretary of the Smithsonian In- stitution, and for nearly 20 years in charge of the United States Na- tional Museum, was born in Buffalo, New York, January 25, 1852, and died in Washington, D. C, July 16, 1918. He attended the public schools until the age of 15 years, when he entered the service of a firm of contractors, AVliitmore, Rathbun & Co., the owners of several quarries in western New York. He continued with this firm for a period of four years as bookkeeper, financial clerk, and over- seer of work, thereby obtaining a good knowledge of business methods. At the age of 16 years, attracted by the fossils in the quarries referred to, he began a study of the paleontology of the region about Buffalo, to which, however, he could only devote his holidays and evenings. He founded the collection of paleontology in the museum of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, of which section he be- came the curator. The unique and undescribed species obtained by him were, however, turned over later to the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Harvard University. In 1871, when 19 years old, he met Charles Frederic Hartt, pro- fessor of geology at Cornell University, and a former pupil of Louis Agassiz, by whom he was persuaded to give up business and devote his life to science. He accordingly entered Cornell University, and, while pursuing a regular course, his special studies were in geology and paleontology. Professor Hartt had accompanied Professor Agassiz to Brazil on the famous Thayer expedition, and had made two subsequent trips to that country. The Emperor, Dom Pedro II, had offered Hartt his patronage in the organization of a geological survey of his coun- try, and Mr. Rathbun, becoming imbued with the enthusiasm of his chief, put himself in training for that field. Soon after entering Cornell, the collections of Devonian and Cre- taceous fossils previously obtained by Hartt in Brazil were turned over to him for working up. The monographs on these two gi'oups were finished in about two years, to the extent possible at Cornell University. Mr. Rathbun then completed the work on the Devonian paper at Albany, New York, with the assistance and advice of Prof. James Hall. It was printed in 1874. The paper on Cretaceous fossils required extensive studies at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, whither he went in the spring of 1873, the last year of the life of Louis Agassiz, whose lectures he attended. From this famous naturalist he received every kindness and obtained free access to the collections. This paper was published in 1875. REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. 39 The delay characteristic of Brazil retarded the establishment of the survey, and, on the advice of Hartt, Mr. Rathbiin remained east, not returning to complete his course at Cornell. He was the as- sistant in zoology at the Boston Society of Natural History from 1873 to 1875, and during the same period continued work at the Museum of Comparative Zoologj^, through the courtesy of Dr. Alex- ander Agassiz. During the summers of 1874 and 1875 he also served as a volunteer scientific assistant under Professor Baird in the ma- rine explorations of the Fish Commission on the New England coast, this being his first connection with the Smithsonian Institu- tion. In the autumn of 1875 he received directions from the Brazilian minister at Washington to report at Kio de Janeiro, as geologist of the Geological Commission of Brazil. He reached his destination in December, and remained in Brazil until March, 1878, when his chief. Professor Hartt, died of yellow fever. As the party was small, the duties of each member were unusually varied and exten- sive, being divided between the field and the headquarters at Rio de Janeiro. Mr. Rathbun began field work in the region about the Bay of Bahia, and continued thence down the coast of the Province of the same name to near its southern end. Extensive deposits of coal, reputed to occur in parts of this region, constituted one of the special objects of the trip, but the geology was studied in all respects and also the extensive coral reefs which lie along this coast and the ethnology of the Indian tribes living but a short distance inland. The report upon the geology and coral reefs was published in the archives of the National Museum of Brazil. Mr. Rathbun's second piece of field work was through the central and southern parts of the Province of Sao Paulo to determine the mineral and especially the coal resources, which proved very unim- portant, though he had the opportunity of working out the origin of the rich red lands which produce the famous coffee of that region. On returning to the United States, Mr. Rathbun brought with him complete series of the Devonian and Cretaceous fossils and of the corals, which have since, through exchange, become the property of the United States National Museum. He began the study of this material and published a few papers upon it, but new duties occupy- ing all of his time, the remainder was turned over to other specialists. In the spring of 1878 Mr. Rathbun was offered by Professor Baird and accepted the position of scientific assistant on the United States Fish Commission. He continued in this service, with promotions, until the close of 1896. In the beginning there was not room at Washington for the Fish Commission collections and they were kept at the Museum of Yale Univei'sity under Professor Verrill, to whoip 40 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. he was detailed as assistant. He was also during that time assistant in zoology at Yale University. In 1880, owing to the near completion of the brick structure of the United States National Museum, now the Arts and Industries Build- ing, he was transferred from New Haven to Washington, and brought with him a part of the collections which had been stored at the former place. He was also made curator of the department of marine invertebrates in the National Museum, an office which he held until 1914. For some time after 1880, therefore, he was both an assistant on the Fish Commission and a curator in the Museum. Professor Baird, acquainted with his early business training, as- signed Mr. Rathbun to many administrative duties, which increased in amount and responsibility until the former's death in 1887. Although Professor Verrill, of Yale University, was the nominal head of the summer investigations of the Fish Commission up to 1887, during much of the time Mr. Eathbun was expected to take the active charge of the laboratories, steamers, and equipment, and to be responsible for the arrangements in general. The collections were mostly assorted under his supervision for distribution to specialists. His own studies related to the commercial fisheries and to the work- ing up of the natural history of several groups of invertebrates. To the latter he continued to give attention until his administrative duties compelled him to turn the material over to some half dozen experts, whose reports are being published from time to time by the National Museum. Before his death Professor Baird arranged that Mr. Rathbun's duties should be transferred wholly to the Museimi. Dr. G. Brown Goode, then Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, tem- porarily succeeded Professor Baird as Fish Commissioner, and at his request Mr. Eathbun remained with the Commission, in conse- quence of his experience in the work. Col. Marshall McDonald was soon made permanent Commissioner, and Mr. Eathbun continued with him until his death in 1895, as chief executive officer and in charge of the scientific work. He was acting commissioner during three or four months of each year, and entirely revised the methods and purposes of the scientific inquiries, directing them in practical chan- nels to meet the laws of Congress. The Fish Commission having changed in character in 1896, Mr. Eathbun was glad to accept the invitation of Secretary Langley to enter the administrative service of the Smithsonian Institution, two vacancies having occurred through the death of Doctor Goode and Mr. Winlock. He was first put in charge of the office and ex- changes, but after a year and a half was given direction of the Museum, with which he had been connected since 1880. REPORT OF NATIOliTAL MUSEUM, 1919. 41 Some of the special work performed by him in connection with the Fish Commission was as follows: In 1880 and 1881 he was employed upon the fishery investigations of the Tenth Census, reporting as follows : On the natural history of, and the fisheries for, the commercial lobsters, crabs, shrimps, corals, and sponges; the marine fishing grounds of North America and the ocean temperatures of the Atlantic coast of the United States; amounting in all to 550 quarto pages, with lOG plates. In 1891, at the request of the Secretary of State, he assisted Gen. John W. Foster in preparing material for the United States case at the Paris fur-seal tribunal. He had the services of several experts, and was called to report upon the laws of all nations relating to the extra-limital fisheries for whales, hair seals, fishes, precious corals, pearls, trex)ang, etc., and also upon the distribution and habits of these forms. Eeports of progress were made daily to General Foster and the completed rejjort consisted of two large volumes of type- writing, the more essential parts of which were incorporated in the extended brief of the American agent. During the entire period of the fur-seal inquiries Mr. Eathbun was in charge of the investigations, except those of the first inter- national commission. The steamer Albatross made yearly trips to Bering Sea with one or more experts, who were charged with the Etudy of the habits of these animals, and with making an annual comparative record of their distribution and numbers by written notes and identical series of photographs. The work was also ex- tended to the Russian islands. The most important international commission to the Fur Seal Islands was the one dispatched in 1896. This expedition, with the cooperation of the Secretary of State, was conducted by the Treasury Department. Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Charles S. Hamlin was in immediate charge of the case and Mr. Rathbun was called to be his chief adviser. The latter was asked to become the head of the American commission, but, declining, was requested to nominate its members, which he did. Mr. Rathbun also prepared the instruc- tions for the commission, which entered into every detail and every accusation on the part of Canada. In December, 1892, Mr. Rathbun was appointed by President Har- rison, as the American representative on the Joint Commission with Great Britain to study the condition of the fisheries in the boundary waters between the United States and Canada and the seacoast waters adjacent to the two countries, and to report such measures as might be deemed necessary to insure the protection of these fisheries. No similar investigation of such magnitude and importance Avas ever before attempted and four years were required for its accomplish- 42 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. ment. A large part}' of experts was put in the field on the part of the United States, and Canada assisted to the extent of its facilities. Mr. Rathbun himself visited every point of interest, starting with the Gulf of St. Lawrence, continuing through the fresh-water sys- tems, including the Great Lakes, and ending at Cape Flattery at the west. The report submitted to the Department of State on December 31, 1896, was transmitted by the President to Congress and pri"nted. On February 1, 1897, Mr. Eathbun was made an Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, and on July 1, 1898, was given, in addition, charge of the National Museum. He continued in this posi- tion up to the time of his death. During this period he served as Acting Secretary during three or four months of each year, and also during the year following the death of Secretary Langley, in Feb- ruary', 1906. It is almost impossible to attempt to consider in detail the many ramifications of the great work that he accomplished, and naturally the minor, but certainly not unimportant, interests are obscured by the larger events to which he gave the later years of his life. The most important of these was the construction of the new Mu- seum building, in which the natural history collections are preserved. His intense interest in this undertaking, which never flagged during the many years of preparation and construction as well as his re- markable capacity for studying detail, is perhaps best shown by his careful preliminary study, " The United States National Mu- seum. An Account of the Buildings Occupied by the National Col- lections," that appeared in the annual report of the United States National Museum for 1903, and in the descriptive account of the Natural History Building of the United States National Museum, that forms No. 80 of the bulletin series, published in 1913 on the completion of the building. With an interest equal to that shown by him in the construction of the new Museum building, he undertook the development of the National Gallery of Art, an important feature of the Smithsonian Institution, which, although the one mentioned first in the funda- mental act, had remained dormant for lack of adequate facilities. A permanent record of this development has been left b}' Mr. Eath- bun in Bulletin No. 70 of the United States National Museum, under the title of " The National Gallery of Art, Department of Fine Arts of the National Museum," a volume remarkable for its artistic ap- pearance, to every detail of which he gave his personal attention. In his later years his spare time was devoted to gathering data for a history of the National Museum from its beginnings. In connec- tion with these studies a first volume was issued on " The Columbian Institute for the Promotion of Arts and Sciences. A Washington Society of 1816-1838. which established a Museum and Botanic Gar- EEPORT OF j^ATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. 43 den under Government Patronage," which was published in 1917 as No. 101 of the bulletin series of the National Museum. A second volume on the National Institute, 1810-1862, established for the pro- motion of science, is nearly completed. The last report prepared by Mr. Rathbun and issued shortly be- fore his death is that entitled " The Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum," occupying pages 381r-398 of " Public Buildings in the District of Columbia," a report of the Public Build- ings Commission, presented to Congress in the interest of adequate Government buildings. Here are set forth briefly and comprehen- sively the value and the needs of the different branches of the Mu- seum, with recommendations as to the best methods of supplying those needs in the immediate future. LIST OF PtJBLISHED WRITINGS BY EICHABD BATHBTJN. On the Devonian Brachiopoda of Erei'^, Province of Pard, Brazil. Bull. Buf- falo Soc. of Nat. Sci. for 1874, vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 236-261, pis. 8-10. Morgan expedition, 1870, Ch. Fred, Hartt, in charge. Preliminary report on the Cretaceous lamellibranchs collected in the vicinity of Pernambuco, Bra- zil. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist, for 1874, vol. 17, pp. 241-256. Morgan expedition, 1870-71, Ch. Fred. Hartt, in charge. On the Devonian Trilobites and moUusks of Erere, Province of Parfi,, Brazil. (Joint author with Ch. Fred. Hartt.) Annals, Lyceum of Natural History, New York, vol. 11, pp. 110-127. (May, 1875.) The geological commission of Brazil. Additions to the Echlnoid fauna of Brazil. Amer. Jouru. Sci. and Arts, ser. 3, vol. 15, pp. 82-84. (1878.) The Devonian Brachiopoda of the Province of Para, Brazil. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist, for 1878, vol. 20, pp. 14-59. Notes on the coral reefs of the Island of Itaparica, Bahia, and of Parahyba do Norte. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist, for 1378, vol. 20, pp. 39-41. Observagoes sobre a Geologia aspecto do Ilha de Itaparica, na Bahia de Todog OS Santos. Archivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, vol. 3, pp. 159- 183. (1878.) Explorations in Brazil. Work of the late Professor Hartt. New York Daily Tribune, May 4, 1878. Sketch of Prof. C. F. Hartt. Pop. Sci. Month., vol. 13, pp.. 231-235, with por- trait as frontispiece. (June, 1878.) Work of the Fish Commission. New York Daily Tribune, Nov. 5, 1878. Sketch of the life and scientific work of Prof. Charles Fred. Hartt. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist, for 1878, vol. 19, pp. 338-364. Reprinted. New Haven, 1879. Pp. 38. Translation from the Portuguese of " The artificial mounds of the Island of Maraj6, Brazil," by Orville A. Derby. Amer. Nat., vol. 13, pp. 224-229. (April, 1879.) A list of the Brazilian echinoderms, with notes on their distribution, etc. Trans. Connecticut Acad, of Arts and Sciences for 1879, vol. 5, pp. 139-158. List of marine invertebrata from the New England coast, distributed by the United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries. Series I. (Distributed in 50 sets, put up by Mr. Richard Rathbun, under the direction of Prof. A. E. Verrill, 1879.) Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. for 1879, vol. 2, pp. 227-232. 44 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. List of the dredf^ing stations of tlie United States Fisli Commission from 1871 to 1879, inclusive, with temperature and other observations. Arranged for pub- lication by Sanderson Snuth and liichard Rathbun. Ann. Rep. Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries for 1879, pp. 1-43. Professor Hartt on the Brazilian sandstone reefs. Amer. Nat., vol. 13, pp. 347-358. (June, 1879.) Review of O. A. Derby's " The geology of the Lower Amazonas." Amer. Journ. Sci. and Arts. ser. 3, vol. 17, pp. 464-468. (June, 1879.) Brazilian corals and coral reefs. Amer. Nat., vol. 13, pp. 539-551, one text tigure. (Sept., 1879.) Review of O. A. Derby's "The geology of the Diamantiferous region of the Province of ParanA, Brazil." (Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, May 16, 1879.) Amer. .Tourn. Sci. and Arts. ser. 3, vol. 18, pi). 310, 311. (Oct., 1879.) The littoral marine fauna of Provincetown, Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. for 1880, vol. 3, pp. 116-133. Re\aew of lecture of Prof. A. E. Verrill on the Devil-fish of the North Atlantic. New York Times, March 13, 1880. Review of lecture of Prof. William H. Brewer on the Triumphs of science over disease. New York Times, March IS, 1880. Researches in science. [This and the three following are discussions of the National Academy.] New York Times, April 22, 1880. Onward steps in science. Results of the work of investigators. New York Times, April 23, 1880. Work in scientific paths. Investigations presenting and comparing results. New York Times, April 24, 1880. Seeking facts in science. New York Times, April 25, 1880. Review of Orville A. Derby's " On the age of the Brazilian gneiss series. Dis- covery of Eozoon." Amer. .Tourn. Sci.. ser. 3, vol. 19, pp. 324-326. April, 1880. Studying the sea bottom. Golden Days, vol. 1, No. 16, June 19, 1880. Remarks on the scientific results of the season's explorations. Ann. Rept. Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries for 1881, pp. 38-41. List of marine invertebrates, mainly from New England coast, distributed by the United States National Museum. Series II. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. for 1881, vol. 4. pp. 298-303. List of marine invertebrates from the New England coast, distributed by the United States National Museum. Series III, Educational Series. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. for 1881, vol. 4, pp. 304-307. The giant squid. St. Nicholas, vol. 8, pp. 266-270, 5 plates. (Feb., 1881.) Reports on the Department of Marine Invertebrates in the United States Na- tional Museum for years 1881-1892, inclusive. By Richard Rathbun, curator. Annual Reports of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, showing the operations, expenditures, and condition of the Institution for the several years. Washington, Government Printing Office, various dates. Dredging stations of the United States Fish Commission steamer Fish Hawk. Lieut. Z. L. Tanner commanding, for 1880, 1881, and 1882, with temperature and other observations. Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1882, vol. 2, pp. 119-131. Notes on the shrimp and prawn fisheries of the United States. Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1882, vol. 2, pp. 139-152. List of duplicate marine invertebrates distributed by the United States Na- tional IMuseum. Series IV — Educational series No. 2. Prepared under the direction of. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. for 1883, vol. 6, pp. 212-216. The United States Fish Commission steamer Albatross. Science, vol. 2, pp. 6-10, 66-72. (1883.) Sponge culture in Florida. Science, vol. 2, p. 213. (1883.) REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. 45 Collection of economic crustaceans, worms, ecliinoderms, and sponges. Great International Fisheries Exhibition, London, 1883. U. S. of America. B. Wash- ington, 1883, pp. 31. Keprinted in Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. for 1884, No. 27, pp. 107-137. Descriptive catalogue of the collection illustrating the scientific investigation of the sea and fresh waters. Great International Fisheries l-jxhibitlon, London, 1883. U. S. of America. G. Washington, 1883, pp. 109. Reprinted in Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. for 1884, No. 27, pp. 511-622. The American initiative in methods of deep-sea dredging. Science, vol. 4, pp. 54-57. (1884.) American appliances for deep-sea investigation. Science, vol. 4, pp. 146-151, 225-229, 400-404, with numerous text illustrations. (1884.) Annotated list of the described species of parasitic Copepoda (Siphonostouia) from American waters contained in the United States National Museum. I'roc. U. S. Nat. i\Ius. for 1884, vol. 7, pp. 4S3-492. Notes on the decrease of lobsters, [A paper read before the Fishcultural As- sociation.] Forest and Stream, vol. 23, p. 89. (Aug. 28, 1884.) Notes on the decrease of lobsters. Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1884, vol. 4, pp. 421-426. Crustaceans, worms, radiates and sponges. The fisheries and fishery indus- tries of the United States, prepared through the cooperation of the Commis- sioner of Fisheries and the Superintendent of the Tenth Census by George Bro\\na Goode, Assistant Director of the U. S. National Museum, and a staff of associates. Section I, Natural history of aquatic animals. Part V, pp. 759-850, pis. 260-277. Washington, Government Printing Office. 1884. Report upon the Echini collected by the United States Fish Commission steamer Albatross, in the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of ivlexico, January to May, 1884. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. for 1885, vol. 8, pp. 83-89. Report upon the Echini collected by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer Alba- tross in the Gulf of Jlexico from January to March, 1885. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. for 1885, vol. 8, pp. 606-620. Notice of a coUectiou of stalked crinoids made by the steamer Albatross in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea, 1884 and 1885. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. for 1885, vol. 8, pp. 628-635. A crab invasion. Science, vol, 6, pp. 135, 136. (1885.) Catalogue of the collection of recent Echini in the United States National Museum (corrected to July 1, 1886). Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. for 1886, vol. 9, pp. 255-293. Descriptions of parasitic copepods belonging to the genera Pandarus and Chondracanthus. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. for 1886, vol. 9, pp. 310-324, pis. 5-11. Notes on lobster culture. Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. foi- 1886, vol. 6, pp. 17-32. Catalogue of the species of corals belonging to the genus Madrepora, con- tained in the United States National Museum. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. for 1887, vol. 10, pp. 10-19. Annotated catalogiie of the species of Porites and Synarsea in the United States National Museum, with a description of a new species of Porites. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. for 1887, vol. 10, pp. 354-366, pis. 1,5-16 Descriptions of the species of Heliaster (a genus of starfishes) represented in the U. S. National Museum. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. for 1887, vol. 10, pp. 440-449, pis. 23-26. Descriptions of new species of parasitic copepods. belonging to the genera Trebius, Perissopus, and Lernanthropus. Proc. U, S. Nat. Mus, for 1887, vol. 10, pp. 559-571, pis. 29-35. 46 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. The fishing grounds Of North America. Edited by Richard Rathbun. The fisheries and fishery industries of the United States, prepared through the co- operation of the Commissioner of Fisheries and the Superintendent of the Tentli Census by George Brown Goode, Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, and a staff of associates. Section III, pp. vii-xviii, 5-154, 49 charts. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1887. Ocean temperatures of the eastern coast of the United States, with 32 charts. The fisheries and fishery industries of the United States, prepared through the cooperation of the Commissioner of Fisheries and the Superintendent of the Tenth Census by George Brown Goode, Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, and a staff of associates. Section III, pp. 155-238, 32 plates. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1887. The crab, lobster, ci-ayfish, rocli-lobster, shrimp and prawn fisheries. The fisheries and fishery industries of the United States, prepared through the co- operation of the Commissioner of Fisheries and the Superintendent of the Tenth Census by George Brown Goode, Assistant Secretary of the Smitlisonian Institution, and a staff of associates. Section V. History and methods of the fisheries. II. Part XXI, pp. 627-810, pis. 24&-252. Washington, Govern- ment Printing Office, 1887. The leech industry and trepang fishery. The fisheries and fishery industries of the United States, prepared through the cooperation of the Commissioner of Fisheries and the Superintendent of the Tenth Census by George Brown Goode, Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, and a staff of associates. Section V. History and methods of the fisheries. II. Part XXII, pp. 811- 816. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1887. The sponge fishery and trade. The fisheries and fishery industries of the United States, prepared through the cooperation of the Commissioner of Fish- eries and the Superintendent of the Tenth Census by George Brown Goode, Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, and a staff of associates. Section V. History and methods of the fisheries. II. Part XXIII, pp. 817-841, pis. 2.53-255. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1887. Results of investigations by the schooner Grampus on the southern mackerel grounds in the spring of 1887. (Joint author with D. E. Collins and T. H. Bean.) Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1887, vol. 7, pp. 217-267. Sponges and sponge fishery. The Chautauquan, March, 1887, pp. 352-354. The transplanting of lobsters to the Pacific coast of the United States. Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1888, vol. 8, pp. 453^72, pi. 71. Reports upon the inquiry respecting food fishes and the fishing grounds. Ann. Reports U. S. Commission of Fish and Fisheries. Reports of the com- missioner for years 1888-1896, inclusive. Washington, Government Printing Office, various dates. The United States Fish Commission. Some of its work. Century Mag., vol. 43, pp. 679-697, 19 text figures. (1892.) Jerome Henrj' Kidder. Bull. Philos. Soc. of Washington, vol. 11, pp. 480- 488. (1892.) Report of the joint commission of the United States and Great Britain relative to the preservation of the fisheries in waters contiguous to the United States and Canada, under agreement of December 6, 1892, by Richard Rathbun, representative on behalf of the United States, and William Wakeham, repre- sentative on behalf of Great Britain. Transmitted to the Congress of the United States by the President under date of February 24, 1897. Washington, D. C. Government Printing Office, 1897, pp. 178. REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. 47 A review of the fisheries in the contiguous waters of the State of Washing- ton and British Columbia. Report of the U. S. Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries for 1899, pp. 251-350, pis. S-16. Reports upon the condition and progress of the U. S. National Museum during the years ending June 30, 1899, 1900, 1901, 1902. 1903, 1904, 1905, and 1906, b.v Richard Rathbun, Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, in charge of the U. S. National Museunf. Annual reports of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, showing the operations, expenditures, and condition of the Institution for the years ending June 30, 1899, 1900, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, and 1906. Reports of the U. S. National Museum. Wash- ington. Government Printing Office, various dates. Reports upon the condition and progress of the U. S. National Museum during the years ending June 30, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, and 1917, by Richard Rathbun, Assistant Secretary of the Smith- sonian Institution, in charge of the U. S. National Museum. Washington, Government Printing Office, various dates. The United States National Museum : An account of the buildings occupied by the national collections. Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus. for 1903, pp. 177-309, pis. 1-29. Statement relative to the United States National Museum, the national mu- seums of London, Paris, Berlin, and Vienna, and the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. New building for the U. S. National Museum. 57th Cong., 2d sess., H. Doc. No. 314, pp. 2-18, 4 plates. Govern- ment Printing Office, 1903. Address of welcome to the U, S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. BI- Monthly Bulletin, Amer. Institute of Mining Engineers, No. 4, July, 1905, pp. 923-928. Statement to the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. November 28, 1906, pp. 12. Privately printed. The National Gallery of Art. Department of Fine Arts of the National Museum. Bull. 70, U. S. Nat. Mus. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1909, pp. 140, 26 plates. Reprint, with additions. 1916. Pp. 189, 26 plates. A descriptive account of the building recently erected for the departments of natural history of the United States National Museum. Bull. 80, U. S. Nat. Mus. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1913, pp. 131, 34 plates. The Columbian Institute for the Promotion of Arts and Sciences. A Wash- ington society of 1816-1838 which established a museum and botanic garden under Government patronage. Bull. 101, U. S. Nat. Mus. Washington, Govern- ment Printing Office, 1917, pp. 85. The Smithsonian Institution. United States National Museum. Public Buildings in the District of Columbia. Report of the Public Buildings Com- mission. 65th Cong., 2d sess., S. Doc. No. 155, pp. 34&-398. Government Printing Office, 1918. Alonzo Howard Clark was born in Boston, April 13, 1850. He was educated at Wesleyan Uniyersity, from which he received the honorary degree of M. A. in 1906. After eight years of mercantile business in New York, Mr. Clark entered the Government service in 1879, in charge of the United States Fish Commission station at Gloucester, Massachusetts, and special agent of the Tenth Census. In 1881 he came to the United States National Museum as curator of the division of history, and latei- was made editor of the Smith- 48 KEPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. sonian Institution, which position he held until his death on Decem- ber 31, 1918. Mr. Clark was deeply interested in all matters of a patriotic and historic nature, and was connected with many patriotic organiza- tions, among them the Sons of the American Revolution, of which he was secretary general and registrar general; the Society of May- flower Descendants; and the Society of Colonial Wars. He served as assistant United States commissioner to the International Expo- sition in London, 1883, expert commissioner and member of the jury of awards at the Paris Exposition of 1889, delegate to the Interna- tional Geographic Congress at Paris in 1889, and was decorated by the President of France with the cross of an OfScier du Merite Ajrri- cole of France. It was through Mr. Clark's efforts, under the opportunities afforded by the generous administrative policy of Dr. G. Brown Goode, that the beginnings were made of the present great historical collections in the National Museum. His experience in historical and genea- logical research and his wide connection with historical and patriotic societies especially fitted him for the task of developing an exhibit in the Museum which would show by means of relics and mementos the various periods in the history of the country. Closely related to this phase of Mr. Clark's activity was his work as secretary of the American Historical Association from 1889 to 1908 and as cura- tor from 1889 until the time of his death. George Colton Maynard died July 28, 1918. He entered the Mu- seum as custodian of the section of electricity in 1896. Subsequently he was made curator of the division of mechanical technology, which position he filled at the time of his death. Of distinguished New England ancestry, he was born in Ann Arbor, Michigan, on October 23, 1839. After the usual common-school education, his attention was directed to the then growing subject of telegraphy, and he became an expert operator. In this specialty he became so proficient and his patriotism was so great that during the Civil War he gladly proffered his services to his Government, and he was called to Washington, where he participated in the great work of those eventful years, being a sad witness of the culminating tragedy in Ford's Theater, in 1865. His interest in his vocation was not a nominal one, and possessing mechanical acquaintance of the details of telegraphy, his Imowledge was sought by the larger corporations which at that time were de- veloping. His valuable service was recognized and he had much to do with the building of important telegraph lines. As the telegraph yielded to the telephone, he became associated in the early history of its development with Gardiner Greene Hub- bard and Alexander Graham Bell, and had general control of the REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. 49 Bell telephone system in the District of Columbia. He made himself the historian of the beginnings of this industry by his many reminis- cent articles, both on the telephone and the telegraph. As he grew older his knowledge was often sought by the authori- ties of the United States National Museum, and his interest in the growth of the collection was so genuine that is 1886 he was called to the care of the section of electricity. His association with the greatest minds in the inventive world gave him opportunities to add materially to his section. It may be said that his contributions to the division of mechanical technology, of which he became curator in 1912, though in charge from 1903, have been such as to render its present enlargement in great part the result of his untiring energy''. Edwin Porter Upham, who had been associated with the archeo- logical collections of the Museum since 1878, died on August 7, 1918. He was bom in Weston, Massachusetts, March 6, 1845, the son of Joel and Elizabeth Upham. He received a public school education, and at the age of 19 joined the Forty-fourth Massachusetts Volunteer Eegi- ment and was with that regiment during the remaining nine months of the Civil War. In 1878 he came to Washington, where he entered the service of the Smithsonian Institution as assistant to Dr. Charles Rau, the noted archeologist. He remained with Doctor Eau until the latter's death, and later became associated with Dr. Thomas Wil- son. In 1906 he was made aid in the division of prehistoric arche- ology, which position he held at the time of his death. His services in the National Museum, always faithful and efficient, extended over the exceptionally long period of 39 years and 8 months. Mr. Upham early developed musical talent, and for a long period was violinist in the Georgetown Orchestra. His proficiency as a musician was ap- plied to the study of the scales of the numerous prehistoric musical instruments in the national collections and formed the basis of sev- eral papers by Doctor Wilson, including his chapters on wind instru- ments in the Report of the United States National Museum for 1896. Frederick Knab was born in Wurzburg, Bavaria, September 22, 1865, and came to the United States with his parents, who settled in Chicopee, Massachusetts, in 1873. He inherited the artistic tem- perament of the family and early devoted himself to drawing and painting; but at the same time an interest in natural history led to the accumulation of a collection of beetles and a study of their biologies. This interest became so strong that in 1885-86 he made a trip up the Amazon River as far as Peru, accumulating much ma- terial and information which in his later studies of entomology were of utmost importance to him. 143943°— 20 4 50 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. On his return to the United States he resumed his artistic work, and in 1889 went to Munich, where he studied art for two years, after which he established a studio in Chicopee, where for several years he made landscape painting his profession. During all this time he continued his study of the biologies of North American beetles with Doctor Dimmock, and through the latter, in 1903, secured the work of studying the life histories of the New England species of mosquitoes for the monogi'aph of the mos- quitoes of North and Central America and the West Indies, then undertaken by Dr. L. O. Howard under a grant from the Carnegie Institution of "Washington. This led to the further employment of Mr. Knab on the same project, during which he made several trips to the Tropics, and his increased activities in the subject and excel- lent work in making the drawings of the larA'ae for this book led to his being made coauthor of the monograph with Doctore Howard and Dyar. On October 26, 1910, he was made honorary custodian of Culicidao in the division of insects, United States National Museum, and after the death of ISIr. Coquillett he was made honorary custodian of Diptera on September 1, 1911. Alwaj'S an earne>=t student, he soon attained preeminence in his newly chosen field, especially in the subject of insect-borne diseases, and the amount of Avork done by him may be judged b}^ the long list of titles of articles which he published, as well as by the numer- ous notes published on the discussions of articles read before the Entomological Society of Washington, all of which show his breadth of knowledge and deep perception into all entomological problems. During the last years of his life although constantly sulfering from an obscure tropical disease, probably insect-borne, which finally caused his death on November 2, 1918, he was always cheerful and ready to help others, and he lived to see completed the monumental work on mosquitoes to which he had so gi'eatly contributed. The death of Mr. William T. Evans, at Glen Ridge, New Jersey, on November 25, 1918, removes a benefactor to whom the National Gallery of Art is greatl}^ indebted. By a series of donations, con- tinuing through a period of some eight years, from March, 1907, Mr. Evans presented to the Gallery what is regarded as one of the choicest and best collections of contemporary American paintings existing. This contains 150 paintings and 1 fire etching, represent- ing 106 American artists, besides 1 bronze by an American sculptor, and 115 examples of the work of 16 of the foremost American wood engravers. The gift was made most unostentatiously, with the sole purpose of establishing a gallery of American painting in the Na- REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. 51 tional Gallery, and represented the most valuable pictures in Mr. Evans' private collection at the time. Mr. Evans, of Welsh-Irish ancestry, vras born at Clough Jordan, Ireland, in 1843, and was brought to this country by his parents when a year old, fii-st settling in Scotch Plains, New Jersey, and later moving to Jersey City. Mr. Evans graduated at the New York Free Academy, studied architecture two years, and finally went into business as an employee of E. S. Jaffray & Co. There he attracted the attention of the late Philo Mills and John Gibb, and when they founded their dry goods house of Mills & Gibb they entrusted the financial management to Mr. Evans. Displaying marked business ability he soon became a partner and later its president. He was an intense worker day and night throughout the larger portion of his life. Mr. Evans formed three art collections. The first consisted of modern foreign paintings and was sold in 1890, his interest in foreign art leading to the decoration of St. Michael being conferred on him by the Bavarian Government. Deciding to devote his energies and purse to the advancement of American art, Mr. Evans began collect- ing American paintings, buying judiciousl}'^ as well as generousl}^, and in most instances from the artists who were struggling and unknown to fame. He became a life member of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, a member of the National Arts Club, Lotos Club, and Salma- gundi Club, gave an annual prize for the American Water Color Society, and developed his art work in manj^ other directions. The sale of his second collection of paintings in January, 1900, was re- garded as the turning point when American art came into its own. In 1913 a third sale of paintings of his collecting again marked an advance in the estimated worth of American paintings, and virtu- ally ended his work as a collector. Mr. Evans did more than almost any other collector to promote interest in American art, and to his patronage many of the leading American artists to-da}^ owe their first step toward success. IMMEDIATE NEEDS OF THE MUSEIBI. The pressing needs of the IMuseum are those for additional space for the accommodation of collections and additional funds for the increase in the scientific and technical staff. It is clearly manifest that these needs must be met if the institution with its numerous departments is to keep reasonable pace with the development of the country as a whole. The space congestion especially becomes more pronounced and embarrassing with each passing day. The natural history collections and the laboratories connected therewith require for their reasonable accommodation and admin- 52 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. iistration the entire Natural History Building, a structure erected especially for this particular purpose. To-day, however, large areas in the building are assigned — and that from necessity — to the rapidly growing collections of the National Gallery of Art and, in larger measure even, to the great accumulations of historical material relat- ing to the late war which are just now demanding adequate atten- tion. The older building, designed to accommodate the nationally important department of arts and industries — and not adequate in space to serve this purpose — is half filled, and from absolute neces- sity, with a great body of unrelated exhibits, representing history, anthropolog}^, and art. The National Gallery of Art, now for the first time taking an enviable place among the galleries of the country, is crowded into the Natural History Building without possibility of expansion, and many liberally inclined collectors of art works, who seek a perma- nent home for their treasures and who may be generously disposed toward Washington, are necessarily met with the statement that additional collections, if acquired, must go into storage. These pos- sible benefactors of the nation are thus turned to other institutions or toward the auction room. The Nation is accordingly deprived of the possibility of building up, even by gift and bequest, collec- tions of art such as are highly prized and fully provided for by civilized nations generally. The sooner a building devoted to the fine arts is provided, the more readily will the American people find themselves in the forefront in all that characterizes to the highest level of civilization. American histor}^, one of the most essential and vital of the de- partments of Museum activity, is not better provided for than art. A building of an order commensurate with a great national purpose is an absolute essential, and its erection should be provided for with, the least possible delay. DETAILED REPORTS ON THE COLLECTIONS. REPORT ON THE DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY, By W. H. Holmes, Head Curator. In preparing the report of the Department of Anthropology for the year the reports furnished by the several curators have been freely utilized and in each case due credit has been given for the work accomplished. In some of the divisions the work of the year has been conducted under exceptional difficulties due to the occupa- tion of certain exhibition halls of the Natural History Building by the War Risk Bureau. The exhibits belonging to theise halls had to be stored in other exhibition halls which were thus necessarily closed to the curators as well as to the public. It is gi-atifying to observe, however, that the restoration of the exhibits to their places has afforded the opportunity of making noteworthy improvements in their installation. It may not be inappropriate to note in this place that the head curator's lifelong interest in art. has led during past years to a con- sidei^able expansion of his duties ; first to the care of the art works and to consideration of the art side of installation generally, and finally to his appointment as curator of the rapidly developing National Gallery of Art — a work which has added greatly to his responsibilities. In the 'administration of the two departments the head curator has been assisted by Miss Louise A. Eosenbusch, re- corder. The additions to this department were received in 400 accessions, with a total of 15,421 specimens, of which 3,088 were loans or de- posits, classified and distributed as follows: Division of etlmology, 1,140 specimens; art textiles collections, 62 specimens; section of musical instruments, 2 specimens ; section of ceramics, 476 specimens ; division of physical anthropology, 233 specimens ; division of Ameri- can archeology, 1,718 specimens; division of Old World archeology, 119 spocimcns; division of history, 10,274 specimens; historical cos- tumes collections, 82 specimens; division of mechanical technology, 182 specimens; division of graphic arts, 1,127 specimens; section of photography, 6 specimens. There were also received from various 53 54 EEPORT OF iSTATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. sources for examination and report 29 lots of specimens, diversified in character and importance. Ethnology. — The division continued under the curatorship of Dr. Walter Hough, who, in addition, supervised the division of mechani- cal technology, the sections of ceramics, art textiles, musical instru- ments, and the collection of period costumes. In these varied duties he was assisted by Mr. E. A. Allen. The diversified activities were carried forward with the usual thoroughness, although some em- barrassment resulted from the occupation of portions of the space assigned to ethnology by the War Risk Bureau. The installation is now, however, quite restored to the normal condition. Toward the close of the year the curator was fortunate in obtaining, under the auspices of the Bureau of American Ethnology, the opportunity of undertaking certain researches among the ancient ruins of the pueblo country. Additions to the ethnological collections were somewhat less numerous than during the preceding year, but the high standard of scientific value was fully maintained. Accessions of exceptional value are an interesting collection from the Celebes Islands, East Indies, received as a gift from Dr. W. L. Abbott. It was collected by Mr. H. C. Raven, and consists of basketry, costumes of bark cloth, personal ornaments, charms, lime gourds, flutes, small bronze castings, horn carvings, cocoanut shells, etc. The collection illus- trates the extensive employment of decoration on articles of daily use by the Celebes Islanders. Important material relating to the life of the Haida and Tlinkit Indians of southeastern Alaska was presented to the Museum by Dr. Edwin Kirk, of the United States Geological Survey. It consists of baskets, burial chests, stone im- plements, ceremonial headdresses, etc., numbering about 100 speci- mens. A collection of 6 specimens of fine weavings, consisting of pouches and blankets of Aymara Indians of Bolivia, South America, was acquired. The fineness of the texture and the beauty of the dyes relate these specimens to the ancient textiles of Peru and Bolivia. Col. William B. Davis, United States Army, presented to the Mu- seum an interesting collection of 21 pieces of Cuthead Sioux Indian work secured by him at Fort Totten, Dakota, in 1878. Miss Isobel H. Lenman added to her former loan contributions four accessions con- sisting principally of Americana, notably several very old Bolivian weavings of the finest materials and dye. The exhibit collections being closed for reasons above stated, the work was largely concentrated on the materials in the labora- tories and in divisional storage. The curator continued investiga- tion on the mutations of decorative designs on specimens from the Celebes. REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. 55 Additions were made to the collection of data on heating and illumination. A report on the explorations of the habitations of New Mexican pit-dwellers investigated by the curator was finished and printed. Interest was taken by the curator in war activities and was extended to the Army Medical Museum, the Red Cross, the National Research Council, and the Girl Scouts. The division values its correspondents who have been in the past instrumental in adding to its collections. Among these is Mr. Victor J. Evans, who is collecting extensively in American ethnology and whose collections are destined for the National Museum. American archeology. — Owing to the absence in military service of the assistant curator, Mr. Neil M. Judd, and to the failing health of Mr. Edwin lP. Upham, aid, the division was under the direct charge of the head curator during the first part of the year. On his return, January 1, Mr. Judd was made curator of the division. Toward the close of the year he, under temporary detail to the Bu- reau of American Ethnology, was able to resume his archeological researches in southwestern Utah and northwestern Arizona. Although the new accessions are not so numerous as in preceding years, the scientific value is well maintained. Some of the more important of these are: A collection of 558 gold ornaments, with shell and bone beads, from Colombia, South America, a loan from Capt. Edward H. Watson, United States Navy, through Mrs. C. C. Marsh, Washington, District of Columbia. A second large collec- tion, lent by Mr. Robert Hinckley, Washington, District of Colum- bia, consisting of prehistoric stone and earthenware artifacts from the neighborhood of San Salvador and certain pottery vessels and images made by natives in imitation of antiquities, 192 in all ; col- ected by the late Hon. Thomas Hinckley, former United States consul general and fii'st secretary of legation at Salvador, Central America. A valuable collection of 155 Peruvian slings presented by Dr. Ale§ Hrdhcka, of the United States National Museum. Two hundred and nineteen stone objects of various types, potsherds and fragments of soapstone vessels from ancient village sites on the Susquehanna River at Great Bend, Pennsylvania, presented by Capt. Richard C. Du Bois, United States Army (retired), Hallstead, Penn- sylvania. Two fragments of human bones in which brass arrow heads are imbedded, received as a transfer from the United States Navy Department; they were discovered by Mr. C. S. Burrell, in charge of the construction of new barracks at the United States submarine base, New London, Connecticut, and are probably of Norse origin. Old World archeology. — Aside from the archeological problems proper, Dr. I. M. Casanowicz, assistant curator of the division, has 56 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. charge of the valuable relics of religious art which have a separate installation. The accessions for the year are noteworthy for artistic as well as for archeological value. A few of the more noteworthy examples may be mentioned. A Russian ecclesiastical cloth of silk, measuring 19 by 18 inches, richly embroidered in gold and silk threads of various colors with the figures of the Trinity, cherubim and seraphim and an inscription in old-Slavonic letters, containing the words of the institution of the Lord's Supper, Matthew xxvi, 27 and 28, which would indi- cate that it was used as a cover for the chalice during the celebration of the mass in a Russian church ; exchange with Mr. E. W. Keyser. A finely executed bronze statuette of Dionysus (Bacchus), with marble base about 12 inches high which, though found in Egypt, is evidently of Roman origin. It represents the god of wine adorned with a wreath of vine and wearing a panther skin, in a graceful pose ; and two Phenician iridescent ointment bottles of peculiar shape with concentric circles and undulating lines in relief; lent by Hon. Hoffman Philip, Department of State. A bronze representing a lamp, probably from a temple in India. From the semicircular res- erv^oir project two graceful nozzles for wicks. From the base of the reservoir rises a handle terminating in a palmette. The reservoir, adorned with floral designs in relief, rests uj)on a tripod, the feet of which terminate in claws and are joined by palmettes in openwork. Lent by Miss Isobel H. Lenman. Another specimen, a Phenician double glass bottle with a triple handle on the sides and an overarch- ing handle on top, is lent by Miss Lenman. The exhibition collection of historic religions was transferred from the Arts and Industries Building toward the close of the year to the Natural History Building, space being assigned the subject on the first floor of the north wing. Physical anthropology. — This division, which is under the di- rection of Dr. Ales Hrdlicka, curator, is steadily advancing in prac- tical usefulness and scientific importance. It is perhaps not too much to say that it is fast becoming the recognized center of soma- tological research and instruction in America. The collections of the division, already very rich, are being steadily augmented by valu- able additions, among which are : A large collection of skeletal ma- terial from the ruined village of Hawikuli, Zuni, New Mexico, the result of two seasons of excavating by Mr. F. W. Hodge for the Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation, presented to the National Museum with the imderstanding that it be described for publication later. It comprises the remains of upward of 200 hu- man skeletons and will be added to as further excavations are undertaken. The scientific value of a collection so carefully made and involving so many practically complete skeletons is very great. REPORT OF ISTATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. 57 Seven undefornied skulls in excellent state of preservation and a lot of miscellaneous bones, from rarely visited parts of the territory of the Tlingit and Haida Indians of the northwest coast, were re- ceived as a gift from Dr. Edwin Kirk. A skeleton of an Indian, possibly prehistoric, found on Snead's Island, Manatee County, Flor- ida, was presented by Mr. Charles T. Earle, of that place. It is well preserved and is a typical specimen of the broad-headed type of Florida Indian. Progress in caring for the collections and in new installation was retarded during the earlier pait of the fiscal year by the lack of help, in consequence of which a part of the recently acquired ma- terial could not be marked. The lack of requisite space for storage and installation is also keenly felt. However, the older collections in the division are in excellent condition for study, and progress has been made in installation. Mechanical technology. — The collections of the division of mechan- ical technolog}', since the demise of curator George C. Maynard, were under the general supervision of the curator of ethnology, assisted by Mr. E. G. Paine, aid, and Miss Barbara E. Bartlett, clerk. Accessions of the year worthy of special mention are as follows : A remarkable sundial adapted for the latitude of Jerusalem, north latitude 31° 47', presented by Mr. Claude L. WooUey, Baltimore, Maryland. During the last few years Mr. "Woolley has contributed 19 sundials, which with the various types already in the collection cover nearly all the different forms. A type L-2 grafonola equipped with a nonset automatic stop, gift of The Columbia Graphophone Co. A Cardew voltmeter of an early type, acting by the expansion of a hot wire, gift of Mr. Charles Wirt, Germantown, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. A portable voltmeter invented by Jolin W. Kowell, and patented September 2, 1890, gift of Mr. W. S. Andrews, General Electric Co., Schenectady, New York. A lamp indicator or engine- room voltmeter invented by John W. Howell, patented March 30, 1886, and January 11, 1887, gift of The Koller-Smith Co., New York City. An exhibit illustrating the early development of the telephone was assembled in chronological order and placed in a special case which includes, in part, a reed sounder which gave the first clew to the transmission of sound over wires, the first instrument through whicti the sound of the human voice was heard, the first long-distance tele- phone, some early commercial hand telephones, and a pioneer desk- telephone set. The gun court was cleared of all unrelated specimens, and two cases of gun accessories, powderhorns, powderflasks, bullet molds, and shot bags installed. The Nordenfeldt machine gun has been 58 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. provided with a more uniform case and placed with the Gatling gun, which form the nucleus of a machine-gun exhibit. The collection of sundials was installed in two cases that are to be placed in the metrology section which is now ready to be assembled, due to the recent removal of the Chinese gate"way from the east hall. Musical instruTiients. — The collection of musical instruments to which Mr. Hugo Worch has contributed in a most generous and com- mendable manner has had but few additions during the year. A melotrope representing an early stage in the invention of mechanical players for the piano was presented by Mr. Carl Hering, Pliiladel- phia, Pennsylvania. A second accession is a piano made by hand by Gerhardt Feldhar in 1844, and presented by Mrs. William P. Spens- ley, Chicago, Illinois. Ceramics. — The exhibition collections of ceramics, Avhich are cared for by the curator of ethnology, remain in the gallery of the northeast court of the Arts and Industries Building pretty much as arranged by the head curator in former years. Accessions added during the year exceed those of last year in both number and scientific value. An interesting collection of pottery and porcelain, a portion of the Hussey-Knight-McLane collection, received as a bequest from Mrs. Allan McLane, consists of English blue ware with scenes, Spode, Derby, Wedgwood, luster, and other varieties of English ware ; and of " East Indian " pieces, that is, Chinese after European forms, glass, lacquers, bronzes, and jade. A collection of 78 specimens of lacquer, porcelains, glass, and ormolu and art glass was received as a gift from Mrs. B. H. Buckingham and Miss Isabellef C. Freeman, Washington, District of Columbia. Other accessions are two gold lacquer chests from Japan, lent by Mr. Harold I. Sew all, New York City. Graphic arts. — The field occupied by the division of graphic arts is a wide one and of exceptional museum interest and practical im- portance. The many rapidly developing branches of these arts re- quire constant and close attention in order that the collections, and especially the exhibits, shall be kept fully up to date, thus filling their proper functions. Mr. Paul Brockett, custodian of the division, was assisted by Mr. R. P. Tolman, aid. Some of the more important addi- tions to the collections pertain to the group of Japanese wood-block cutters and printers. A lay figure representing the cutter was pre- pared and installed. Essential assistance in this work was rendered by Mr. Eizo Kondo, of New York, and by Mr. Albert J. Osgood, Washington, District of Columbia, who supplied the oriental wood required in making the table. Twenty-nine lithographic progressive proofs of the Edison mazda calendar were presented by the Forbes Lithograph IManufacturing Co. of Boston, Massachusetts. These REPORT OF N-ATIOITAL MUSEUM, 1919. 59 illustrate the series of stages through which the most modem color print passes in printing. Dr. Marcus Benjamin's gift of two sets of chrome lithographic progressive i)roofs of Dr. Kunz's Gems and Precious Stones, published in 1890, furnishes interesting material for comparison. The material in both of these accessions is of the best lithogTaphic work of 1890 and 1918. One ancient book binding, gift of Mr. Joseph Stewart, Washington, District of Columbia. This book bears the date of 1604 and was apparently rebound in 1754. Books bound at this time were all done by hand and a gi-eat deal of thought was given to the binding. The leather is remarkable in that it is as strong to-day as it was when first put on. The collections of the division are in excellent condition. At the suggestion of the Administrative Assistant, Mr. Tolman imdertook the reinstallation of the cases containing the relics of James Smithson. The collection of 99 remarkable water-color paintings of native flowers, by Mrs. Charles D. \Yalcott, was placed on exhibition and will remain on view in the main hall of the Smithsonian Building during tlie summer. Although the number of accessions to the section of photography for the year is small, it exceeds that of last year in historical value. A bronze statuette. The Genius of Photography, by Lafon de Camarsac, was received as a gift from Thomas W. Smillie, through his sister, Miss Lydia Smillie. Because of its artistic excellence the statuette would merit a place in any art collection, but it was Miss Smillie's desire that it should be placed in the section of pho- tography as a memiorial of her brother, who devoted much of his life to the development of the section. Five specimens of doro- types were accessioned as a gift from the Eastman Kodak Co., of Rochester, New York. These dorotypes are of gi-eat interest, as they represent a modern application of the ambrotype process, one of the earliest developments in photographic processes. History. — During the past year this division acquired extensive exhibits of diversified character and great scientific value through the assembling by the Museum of a special collection of material relating to the recent war with Germany. Owing to the essentially historical character of this material the principal work of its se- lection devolved upon the curator of history, Mr. T. T. Belote, and, through the courtesy of the War Department, Capt. J. J. Hittinger, Quartermaster Corps, was detailed, in addition to his other duties, to assist the Museum authorities in connection with the acquire- ment and installation of the collection which is known officially as the "War Collection." More than half of the accessions received by the division of history during the past year relate to this coUec- 60 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. tion, which illustrates iiumy different phases of the world conflict and includes the following classes of matter: Air Service, military and naval equipment, battlefield relics and trophies, and military and naval uniforms and insignia. Among the objects received in this connection the following are the most notable: From the United States Air Service, the first De Haviland-4 battleplane built in America, which was completed by the Daj^on-Wright Airplane Co., October, 1917, and installed with the first 12-cylinder Liberty engine. This airplane was flown for over 1,000 hours, including trips from Dayton to Indianapolis, Detroit, Akron, Pittsburgh, Cleveland, New York, Philadelphia, and Wash- ington, chiefly by Howard Kinehart, and has carried Orville Wright, Glenn Martin, and others of national reputation. It was used as a model by the Dayton-Wright Co. and other makers, and is fully equipped with guns, bombs, camera, radio apparatus, and other ac- cessories; a training plane of the Curtis JN4-D type, used at all United States fields for primary instruction of aviators, 1918; the fuselage of a De Haviland-4 military airplane equipped with two Lewis aircraft machine guns on double yoke, and two Marlin aircraft machine guns, and other accessories; a Voisin military airplane for bombing at night and a Caudron airplane for photo- graphing and reconnoitering, both used by the French on the west- ern front during the European War, are of special interest as the first notable relics of aerial warfare to be received by the Museum. From the Air Service was also received a number of other interest- ing exhibits consisting of aerial accessories and including an avi- ator's fur-lined flying suit equipped with an electric harness which may be attached to batteries for extra warmth. From the Ordnance Department was received a very complete exhibit relating to the activities of that department, including a 6-ton special tractor military tank, model of 1917. This tank is of the armored 2-man type equipped with a 37-millimeter gun. It is driven by a 4-cylinder gasoline engine which imparts the drive through a transmission gearset and reduction gearing to a track- laying or crawler traction mechanism. The main structure of the body is made up of six-tenths-inch armor plates capable of with- standing machine gun or rifle fire ; a Browning machine gun, water cooled, model of 1917, with a belt filling machine, water boxes, filling cup, steam condensing device, cleaning rod, ammunition boxes and leather fillers, ammunition belts, flash hider, and a hand carry- ing case with small accessories; a Browning machine rifle with spare parts and accessories, model of 1918; a battery commander's tele- scope, with accessories, one of the most important instruments used in the control and observation of field artillery fire; a battery com- REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1!>19. 61 mander's periscope for use in a trench or sliellhole for observation purposes; a sitogoniometer used for rapid approximate measure- ments and especially fitted for rapid preparations of indirect firing; an aiming post used in the field as an auxiliary aiming point when no suitable natural object is visible; a Jacob's staff used as a sup- port for field glasses ; a pair of Wilson goggles with amber glasses used by anti-aircraft gunners to protect their eyes when viewing a target in the direction of the sun; a time interval recorder or stop watch, used to correct the height or burst of shrapnel, to check the time of flight of shells and also in various systems of sound and flash-range finding ; a prismatic compass, clinometer and accessories, used to ascertain the direction or course toward a sighted object, or to measure the included angle between any two given points; a tachyscope used in anti-aircraft fire for obtaining the speed of an airplane and also for determining the wind velocity ; and a col- lection of adapters and boosters, mechanical fuses and shell and shrapnel, many pieces sectionalized. From the Chemical Warfare Service were received 12 large panels installed with military gas masks and accessories showing in a very complete and interesting manner the development of these objects by the United States Chemical Warfare Service during the war. From the Quartermaster and Ordnance Departments were re- ceived large collections of examples of the individual equipment of the enlisted men of the various branches of the Army, including infantry, cavalry, and artillery, such as clothing, mess outfit, trench tools, haversacks, ammunition belts, and horse equipment. Among the battlefield relics and trophies received the following are the most notable : From Gen. John. J. Pershing, United States Ai'my (Chaumont, France), through the War Department, as a transfer, the combined order of battle map and accessories used at his headquarters at Chaumont during the progress of the American military movements in France. This map was developed and kept posted to date daily by members of the third section of the general's staff and used by them and other superior officers during active op- erations for strategical studies and purposes of general information, and shows in a vivid fashion as at present installed the exact situa- tion at the hour of the armistice, November 11, 1918. In general this map gives the following information : Location of all divisions, both enemy and allied, on the western front; correct battle line; commanding generals; location of headquarters and army bound- aries; and various other information concerning divisions, as, for example, whether they were fresh or tired. As an aid to clearness and in order to obviate the need of referring to a legend, national flag designs were used on the map where possible in the make-up of the tags. Those representing the American divisions are, however, 62 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. colored in red in order to emphasize them. The map, which is 8 feet by 10 feet in size, was brought to the National Museum with all of its accessories and installed by members of the third section of General Pershing's headquarters. The accessories consist of the secret chamber walls in which the map was kept, the sliding door which covered the map when not in use, the platform and floor mat- ting and four chairs and a table which were used in the chamber. From Maj. Gen. H. L. Eogers, Quartermaster General, United States Armj'-, was received as a loan, a very interesting collection of ob- jects consisting for the most part of German military parapherna- lia captured during the various engagements in which the American troops participated, and assembled in France by General Eogers while serving as chief quartermaster of the American Expeditionary Forces. This includes helmets of different types, one camouflaged and one showing the effects of shrapnel and machine-gun fire, gas masks for men and horses ; a gas-proof cage for carrier pigeons, with an opening for extracting the pigeons when under gas attack, found in a captured trench on the Chateau Thierry front; trench knives and bayonets, one of the latter of the double saw-edge type used by German pioneer troops, and picked up in the Argonne Forest by the Second American Division; a leather belt with buckle inscribed, "Gott mit uns," with bayonet and scabbard and knot attached, worn by a noncommissioned officer of German artillery and found on the Chateau Thierry front ; a field telephone found in a captured trench by the Fifth American Division during the Argonne-Meuse offen- sive; cartridge cases of various types, including one for the 420- millimeter howitzer, which is the largest fixed ammunition in the world, and was used by the Germans in shelling the Belgian forts, which before 1914 were considered impregnable; a trench mortar captured in the Argonne Forest ; an anti-tank gun, a water-cooled machine gim, a field operating chair, trench tools, grenades and grenade throwers, pieces of steel armor, and various other objects salvaged from the battlefields. In addition to the captured mate- rial, this collection also includes a French rifle and trench helmet, a British pistol for firing star signal shells, and a special designa- tion flag of the American Eighty-first, or "Wild Cat," Division. General Eogers also lent a collection of captured German military paraphernalia made of paper, including a large bolt of paper cloth of a blue-gray color; two rolls of belting; a wagon cover; a saddle blanket; a cannon seat cover; a nose bag; saddlebags; shovel, spade, and pick and various other tool and instrument carriers; and mis- cellaneous pieces of harness made of paper reinforced with leather. From the Ordnance Department was received, as a loan, a German o7-millimeter machine gun captured by the American Seventy-ninth Division, November, 1918, practically complete, with accessories, EEPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. 63 and including fourteen cartridges in an ammunition box, two belts, two belt reels, a belt reel box, a belt feeding rack, a loading machine, two magazines, and a base and upper part of mount. Also an Ital- ian 37-millimeter mountain cannon, with tripod. From the histori- cal branch of the General Staff of the Army was transferred a col- lection of American, French, and German propaganda balloons and printed propaganda of the type used during the European War. A very interesting collection of French gas masks and accessories, showing the development of these objects during the war, from a simple cloth covering to a complicated device, was received as a gift from the High Commission of the French Eepublic m the United States. A notable collection of relics of Lieut. Benjamin Stuart Walcott, United States Army, who entered the French Air Service as a member of the Lafayette Corps and was killed in aerial combat and fell within the German lines Decem.ber 12, 1917, was received during the fiscal year. The collection includes a luiiform coat, a pair of breeches, a cap, a tie, and a belt worn by him as sergeant, French aviation service; the croix de guerre with palm and accompanying citation, awarded to him by the French Gov- ernment; the French aviation pilot badge owned by him; and the certificate of "Pilote Aviateur" awarded to him by the Federa- tion Aeronautique Internationale; the diploma and bronze war medal of the Aero Club of America awarded to him ; the Lafayette Flying Corps badge worn by him ; his commisson as first lieutenant, Air Service, United States Army; and his diploma as bachelor of science, Princeton University, 1917. From Madame Claude Lang- lais, of Washington, District of Columbia, was received as a loan, three uniforms worn by Monsieur Claude Langlais, a member of the Thirty-third French Infantry, machine gun unit, who participated in many engagements of the European War from May, 1915, until September, 1916, vrhen he was wounded during the battle of the Somme. These uniforms bear the croix de guerre bar, indicating the award of this decoration to Monsieur Langlais, a wound bar with a red star indicating that blood was shed for France, and wound and war service chevrons. Notably large collections of United States military and naval uni- forms and insignia of the type used during the war with Germany have been added to the large amount of material of this character already in the possession of the division relating to other wars in which the United States participated. Among these are representa- tive sets of the devices indicating the ranks and corps of commis- sioned officers of the Army, Navy, and Marine Corps ; sets of chev- rons and specialty marks showing the various grades and special duties of the enlisted personnel ; types of the uniforms worn by the enlisted personnel, including those of the yeowomen and marinettes; 64 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. and a set of the shoulder badges indicating divisions, corps, armies, or special units, which were developed during the recent war. Another important addition to the War Collection received dur- ing the 3^ear is a group of 121 paintings and two pieces in plaster, by American artists, consisting of war scenes and portraits of per- sonages connected with the war. These were executed for the publi- city committee of the Second Federal Reserve District Liberty Loan Committee for display in connection with its work for the fifth or " Victory loan " and the collection was deposited in the Museum by the publicity conmiittee, through Capt. H. Ledyard Towle, chair- man. Many collections of note not connected with the recent war were also received by the division during the past fiscal year. Worthy of special mention in this connection are the following: From Mrs. Beatrice Cameron Mansfield was received as a gift, a large number of costumes and accessories worn by the late Eichard Mansfield in his extensive repertoire of historic characters. The costumes and armor are accurate reproductions of the objects of this type of the periods represented and consist of copies from such originals as exist, or from such accurate sketches of others as sur\dve. A relic of special note is the gold medal awarded by resolution of Congress to Capt. Thomas Truxtun, United States Navy, March 29, 1800, in recognition of the defeat of the French ship Vengeance, February 1, 1800, when captain of the United States frigate Constellation. This was received as a loan from Mr. Thomas Truxtun Houston and is the earliest original medal of this type in the possession of the Museum. Another loan of interest consists of a silver-mounted telescope owned by Thomas Jefferson and used by him in 1781 when he made his escape from Monticello previous to its capture by British troops, and a miniature portrait of him by St. Memin, re- ceived from Brig. Gen. Jefferson Randolph Kean, Medical Corps, United States Arm3^ From Miss Mary E. Thackara and Mrs. Eleanor Sherman Thackara Cauldwell, tlirough Mr. P. T. Sherman, New York City, were received as a gift, a saddle, bridle, pair of holsters, and blanket roll, owned by Gen. William T. Sherman, United States Army, during and subsequent to the Civil War. Another accession relating to General Sherman consists of a United States flag and an army headquarters flag owned by him, which were presented by Miss Mary E. Sherman, Boston, Massachusetts. A sword and scabbard presented to Col. Stephen H. Long, United States Topographical Engineers, in recognition of his Rocky Moun- tain and other explorations, 1818-1824, was received as a bequest from William Foulke Johnes, through Mrs. Myrtle Giffen Johnes, executrix. New York City. The medicine scales and case used by Dr. GustaAT.is Richard Brown, of Maryland, during his attendance REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. 65 upon Washington at the time of liis last iUness in 1799, were pre- sented by Mr. William H. Gray, of Washington, District of Colum- bia, and Mr. C. G. Brown, Texarkana, Texas. From Maj. Gen. John E. Brooke, United States Army, Washmgton, District of Columbia, was received as a gift, a notable collection of military relics, includ- ing a jeweled sword presented to him by American and Cuban friends in 1899 ; a saddle, saddle cloth and pad, a chapeau, two pairs of epaulets, dress and service belts, and various pieces of military insignia worn by him during his long career as an xVrmy officer. Dr. Alfred S. Hopkins, Bethesda, Maryland, has loaned a very inter- esting collection of seventy-three early American and foreign swords, the conmiission of Nahun P. Monroe as surgeon. Twentieth Maine Volunteers, dated August 29, 1862, a uniform worn by him during the Civil War and a photogi-aph of him in uniform ; and a uniform worn by Francis Schroeder when United States minister plenipoten- tiary and envoy extraordinary to Sweden and Norwa}^, 1849-1857. A drum carried during the Civil War by John C. Hutsler when drummer boy. Company H, Seventh Maryland Volunteers, was received as a loan from Lieut. Francis L. Hutsler, United States Army, Washington, District of Columbia. The numismatic section of the historical collections was enriched by a number of military decorations of the type awarded by the Allied Powers prior to and during the European War, 1914-1918. Among these the following are the most notable: The Belgian war cross, established in 1915, and awarded with citation in army orders ; three types of the French war cross, established in 1915 ; one with palm awarded with citation in army orders, one with silver star awarded with citation in division orders, and one with bronze star awarded with citation in brigade orders ; and the silver British mili- tary cross, estabished in 1914. In addition to the decorations men- tioned a number of commemorative medals, of which the following are the most notable, have been received : Two bronze replicas of the medal issued by the American Numismatic Society, in commemora- tion of the visit of the French and British war commission to New York in 1917, and two bronze replicas of the medal issued by that society commemorating the unveiling of a memorial to Lafayette in Prospect Park, Brooklyn. Mr. J. Sanford Saltus presented, through the American Numismatic Society, New York City, a silver replica and a bronze replica of the medal of T. Spicer Simson, issued by the society, commemorating the aerial crossing of the English Channel by the King and Queen of the Belgians in 1918. The Victory me- dallion of the Art War Belief, designed by Paul Manship and sold for the war relief fund, was also added to the collection. From the Indiana Historical Commission, Indianapolis, Indiana, was received 143943°— 20 5 66 KEPORT OF NATIONAL, MUSEUM, 1919. as a gift a bronze medal commemorating, 1916, the centennial anni- versary of the admission of the State of Indiana to the Union, 1816. A collection of United States coins, consisting of gold $3 pieces, $2.50 pieces, and dollars, silver half dollars, quarter dollars, and coins of smaller denominations, all in fine condition, many proofs and uncir- culated pieces, were lent by Mr. Douglas N. Starr, Washington, Dis- trict of Columbia. During the year the collection of philatelic material in the care of the division of history has been increased by 3,725 specimens, of which 2,699 have been received by transfer from the Post Office De- I^artment, and of these 1,270 are examples of new issues received by that department from the International Bureau of the Universal Postal Union, Berne, Switzerland. In building up here a collection of stamps relating to the war, our Allies have, in response to requests through the Department of State, indicated their intentions of as- sisting, the British Government having already supplied 71 varieties of stamps used in its colonies, the French Republic 62 varieties of colonial and charity stamps, and the Italian Government 20 varieties, while the International Committee of the Red Cross, Geneva, has contributed a series of 93 envelopes showing various types of war- time stamps and franks. A number of stamps have also been re- ceived from individual contributors. Historical costumes. — The collection of costumes, one of the most interesting and popular in the Museum, is developing rapidly and favorably. Much aid was given as in former years by Mrs. Julian- James and Mrs. R. G. Hoes, who have contributed substantially to the acquirement of new exhibits and have assisted in the increasingly difficult task of display in the limited space provided. Additions to the collection are 82 in number and present many features of particular interest. Among these may be mentioned a Chantilly lace shawl worn by Mrs, Abraham Lincoln, lent by Mrs. Henry J. Finley ; costumes worn by the Society of Friends or Quakers in the nineteenth century, presented by Mrs. Charles D. Walcott. A complete series of engraved lithographic and photographic por- traits of the Presidents of the United States, 1789-1917, were received in the Hussey-Knight-McLane collection bequeathed to the Museum by Mrs. Allan McLane, and were installed in the historical costumes hall. Art textiles. — Additions to the art textile collection have been less numerous than in previous years. The main feature of interest in the hall devoted to this section is a collection of 50 oriental rugs dis- played on the south and west walls of the hall. It comprises ex- cellent specimens of the varieties of rug weavings. Especially note- worthy is a large Persian rug known as " Ispahan " of Herati pat- REPORT OF NATIONAL, MUSEUM, 1919. 67 tern and dating from the sixteenth century. The collection is lent for temporary display by a resident of Washington. A Brussels lace fichu of 1840 was received from Mrs. Richard D. La Garde, Washington, District of Columbia, and installed in one of the cases containing the collection of the Misses Long. A chased brass oval stand repousse and ferce a jour, of thei sixteenth century Florentine work which belonged to the Convent San Marco, Naples, Italy, was received as a loan from Mrs. Charles D. Walcott. A specimen of fifteenth century pewter communion plate of German work was received as a loan from Miss Isobel H. Lemnan, Washing- ton, District of Columbia, and placed in a case with other art objects in the lace hall. Work of preparators. — The department laboratory was conducted by Mr. W. H. Egberts, with Mr. Frank Kotrba as preparator. The work is greatly varied and requires skill in many directions, con- sisting largely, however, of modeling in clay, casting in plaster, the building of models of various kinds, and the repair of specimens. Much work was done on the preparation and installation of lay figure groups, the principal of which are the Japanese wood-block cutter for the division of graphic arts and the Zulu-Kaffir, Carib, Kiowa Indian, and Eskimo groups for the division of ethnology. This work was carried on largely under the immediate supervision of the head curator. Mr. R. A. Allen, preparator in the division of ethnology, has given systematic attention to freeing from destructive insects all ob- jects as they are received at the Museum, and in otherwise preserving material in the department collections. The actual handling and markinir of the diversified collections of the division have fallen largely to his share. He also assists in looking after the interests of the section of historical costumes and in every division and section where his services are required. Present condition of collection. — There can be no doubt that the exhibition collections of the department are to-day in better general condition than at any previous period ; but the ideal is still far dis- tant. The most serious shortcoming is due to the fact that the collec- tions and work are not assembled under a single roof, or in a single exclusive space. Serious defects difficult of remedy are due to in- heritance of furniture and fixtures of antiquated forms and the resultant heterogeneity of the new. The shortage of space also is a serious embarrassment, causing disorder. On the receipt of new and important collections room must be made for them, causing changes in installation or removal to storage of valuable exhibits. Satisfactory conditions depend upon the systematic assemblage of the entire de- partment in such a manner as would characterize a well organized 68 REPOKT or ISTATIOFAL MUSEUM, 1919. business establishment in which a definite body of interests is han- dled. With respect to duplicate and storage collections, I am sure that the very best that can be done for them is being done by the several curators. Field explorations. — The field researches of the year were limited to three brief explorations by members of the anthropological staff and to certain explorations by Mr. Gerard Fowke, the well-known archeologist. All were conducted under the auspices of the Bureau of American Ethnologj^ and resulted in each case in the acquirement of valuable collections of relics left by the ancient peoples. During May and June Dr. Walter Hough, curator of etlmology, was engaged in examining certain heretofore unexplored sites formerly occupied by the ancient cliff dwellers on the White Mountain Apache Reserva- tion, Arizona. He was still in the field at the close of the year. Mr. Neil M. Judd, curator of American archeology, explored a number of caves formerly occupied by the cliff and cave dwellers of western Utah, securing many relics of interest, and Mr. Fowke carried for- ward his cavern explorations in Missouri. His collections, which have not yet reached the Museum, are said to be important. Dr. Ales Hrdlicka spent a month in Florida, devoting his attention to the exploration of the little-known region of Ten Thousand Islands, the object being to trace along the western coast of the peninsula certain anthropological types characterizing the former aboriginal population, at the same time conducting studies of such Seminole Indians as could be found roaming the islands. Doctor Hough had the good fortune to discover ancient occupied sites covering several acres of ground on Blagden Plains, overlook- ing Piney Branch, District of Columbia. These sites were recognized by the occurrence of chipped implements of quartzite and quartz and a very large number of unfinished a,nd broken specimens. It is ap- parent that these sites, in part at least, are the finishing shops occu- pied by the workers of the boulder quarries located in the neighbor- ing ravine, examined by Dr. W. H. Holmes and described in detail in the Fifteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnolog}^ Closely related to field work as ordinarily interpreted are official visits of members of the Museum staff to distant cities, for the pur- pose of getting information on subjects related to their Museum functions or to attend conferences or deliver lectures on subjects of Museum interest. In September the curator of history, Mr. T. T. Belote, visited New York, with the view of obtaining needed infor- mation regarding the acquirement for the Museum of military and naval insignia and war relics and materials generally. The infor- mation obtained led to excellent results now materializing in exten- sive war collections. Later the curator of history, accompanied by REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. 69 the head curator, visited Baltimore, to inspect war exhibits assembled at the Armory in that city, with corresponding results. Early in 1919 he visited Philadelphia and New York for like purposes. In the latter instance he was accompanied by Capt. J. J. Hittinger, Quarter- master Corps, who is taking a prominent part in the activities of the Museum in this branch. In May Doctor Hrdlicka, curator of the division of physical an- thropology, under instructions from the Secretary, attended a con- ference of the National Committee for Constructive Inmiigration Legislation. The various important problems were carefully con- sidered, and on the suggestion of Doctor Hrdlicka a committee of especially qualified persons was appointed to outline, as far as possible, the whole scope of the question and to suggest the measures, agencies, and methods necessary to a practical solution of the many problems constantly being presented. REPORT ON THE DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, By Leonhaed Stejneger, Head Curator. Notwithstanding the fact that the war practically came to an end during the first half of the year covered by this report, the effect of the war activities, as far as this department is concerned, were felt with even greater force than during the previous year. Not only was the exhibition series closed and practically inaccessible till within a short time of the end of the year, but the falling off in the accessions and the decrease in the scientific output is more pronounced than a year ago. It is true that the total number of specimens received this year, namely, 482,740, vastly exceeds that of last year, which was only 99,660, but that is solely due to the incorporation of a single collec- tion of 400,000 specimens mentioned in some detail below. This col- lection, however, was not in any sense the result of this year's ac- tivity, as it had been accumulated during many years. Tliis slackening of the pace has not been without its compensation. It is a deplorable fact that the scientific staff of the department of biology for many years past has been too small to keep abreast of the accumulation of material which it is not in a position to control or regulate. During the past period of diminished intensity it has been possible to catch up many loose ends and to bring the work up to date in several of the divisions. This has been accomjjlished to a great extent by the employment of temporary assistance. It need therefore cause no surprise that the number of accessions (560) and their scientific value, on the whole, did not equal that of normal years, and scarcely even that of last year. I am happy, how- ever, to be able to report one conspicuous exception, namely, the donation by Mr. John B. Henderson of his unrivaled private collec- tion of Antillean land mollusks, consisting of about 30,000 lots (approximately 400,000 specimens). According to the report of the curator of marine invertebrates, Dr. P. Bartsch, " it is by far the most complete and extensive collection of Antillean land shells in the world, and is notable not only for the fact that it contains almost all the known species of this exceedingly rich fauna but because it in- cludes so large a proportion of types, cotypes, topotypes, and author's specimens. These author's specimens have been acquired during the past 25 years by purchase of numerous collections from men who a generation ago exchanged with the original collectors and authors of 71 72 REPORT OF NATION'AL MUSEUM, 1919. this Antillean field. These collections include the Sanderson Smith, John Ford (Antillean section), C. W. Jolmson, Henry Prime, Theo- dore Gill, and John H. Eedfield collections, as well as a series from Maynard, Jarvis, Vendreys, and Brown. The Redfield collection was almost wholly made up by full series of specimens acquired by him from Poey, Arango, Gundlach, and Wright in Cuba; from C. B. Adams and Chitty in Jamaica ; from Shuttleworth, Knox, and Riise in Haiti and Santo Domingo, together with many contributions from Bland, Cuming, Petit, and Swift. A most valuable element in the collection is the series of Cuban rarities contributed by Dr. Carlos de la Torre, of Havana, consisting of shells from early collectors, together with cotypes of all his own species. The bulk of the Hen- derson collection, however, consists of the results of twelve or thirteen expeditions to the Antilles made by himself and assistants for the sole purpose of visiting regions unexplored or little known to the nat- uralist. These expeditions have yielded very large series for study purposes, as well as a wealth of type material." I have dwelt the more upon this magnificent acquisition as it points a moral. VHij is this collection unsurpassed, why is it of such great scientific importance? Surely not only or even chiefly because of its vast size. The all-important factor in its formation is that it was made for a purpose and according to a plan. It would seem self-evident that such motives should always guide in the accu- mulation of material for a biologic museum. Unfortunately, such is not the case with regard to the zoological and botanical collec- tions of the United States National Museum. The bulk of the ma- terial which is deposited in it is the result of uncoordinated efforts of other departments without regard to its own needs and its own organic and harmonious development. The biological branch of the National Museum is dependent to a great extent on the activities of various bureaus belonging to many Government departments, such as the Bureau of Fisheries, the Bureau of Plant Industry, Bureau of Entomology, Biological Survey, Public Health Service, etc., for whose collections the National Museum by law is made the deposi- tory. Naturally these branches of the Government pursue their own aims in their own way. The utilitarian questions and interests for which they were created and which it is their principal duty to study and promote m.ust of necessity engage their energies. It is therefore unavoidable that the material received from these sources must be more or less one-sided. I bear here grateful testimony to the fact that the men at the head of these various bureaus are not only aw'are of this fact, but that they are constantly endeavoring as far as lies in their power to remedy this defect. They realize, as possibly no one else does, how necessary it is that the collections, upon the study of which they must rely for the fundamental facts REPORT OF NATIOITAL MUSEUM, 1919. 78 of their own applied science, should be complete and harmonious even in those fields which on superficial consideration would seem remote and unconnected. But not only their field, but also their power and resources are limited, thus leaving big gaps in our ma- terial without which really basic scientific work can not be expected. It is a privilege to acknowledge our indebtedness to a few generous friends of the Museum who by directly going into the field collecting or by sending out collectors at their own expense are striving to fill some of these gaps, conspicuous examples being the work done by by Dr. W. L. Abbott in the Malayan Archipelago, as well as that ac- complished in various parts of Africa by a number of private ex- peditions. Cooperation with other institutions, such as last year's botanical explorations in South America by Dr. J. N. Rose, have also been helpful in building up our collections more systematically. Finall}', it is occasionally possible to obtain material needed for the solution of the many questions which arise by exchange with other museums. The small sum which in most years has been less than $800 which it has been found possible to expend in purchases foi this department has only partly been available for the above purpose, having been mostly utilized for filling gaps in the exhibition series. A noteworthy exception which for" that very reason most distinctly illuminates the general rule is presented by the Francis Lea Cham- berlain Fund, from which the section of mollusks is able to supple- ment some of the deficiencies in its series. Were each division simi- larly provided, it would be possible within a reasonable time to round out the collections in such a way that the conclusions based on their study might be given out with the confidence that they can be relied upon as solid foundations for future work in the applied branches of the biologic science. It is of even greater importance, however, that the scientific staff should be enabled whenever necessary to study their subject in the field no less than in the Museum. It is regarded as a matter of course that paleontologists spend part of each year in the field, while the zoologists and botanists studying the recent organisms are supposed to be able to do full justice to the material under their care by work- ing at their desks all the year round over collections brought to the Museum by outside agencies. True, most of the biologist's material consists of dead specimens, but many of the problems placed before him depend for their proper understanding upon the relation be- tween the living specimens and their environment. The time is past when the work of the zoologist and the botanist was done by merely naming and describing the objects on the shelves of the Museum. That could be done in the laboratory, as well as the study of their histology and embryology. But with the renaissance of biologic science, following the establishment of evolution as its governing 74 KEPORT OF NATIONAL, MUSEUM, 1919. principle, other and more important requirements are made on th© systematic zoologists and botanists. The whole proposition is so self- evident that to be admitted it only needs to be propounded. Never- theless, it is a deplorable fact that the Museum has no adequate mean9 at its command to meet such an essential factor in the proper dis- charge of its functions. The establishment of the Walter Rathbone Bacon Scholarship of $50,000 provided for in the will of Mrs. Virginia Purdy Bacon is to be hailed as a first step in the right direction. It is designated a trav- eling scholarship under the direction of the Smithsonian Institution for the study of the fauna of countries other than the United States of America. There can be no doubt that it will eventually help remedying the unsymmetrical development of the Museum collections pointed out above. On the other hand, it would greatly benefit the work in the Museum, both by improving the collections and by in- creasing the usefulness of the staff, if numerous smaller amounts were available each year for travel. It is of great importance for the proper development of the exhibition series that the men engaged in its jrrowth and care be enabled from time to time to visit other similar institutions. The United States National Museum has to keep abreast of the best efforts in this line. There is great competi- tion between the various establishments everywhere to make the collections as illuminating and as attractive to the visiting public as possible, but only by seeing what others are doing in the same field is it possible to keep up with the progress. It is also necessary for members of the scientific staff in the course of their work to consult material in other museums, especially type specimens which, as a rule, are not allowed to leave the institutions to which they belong. The question of type specimens is one of extreme importance to every working taxonomist. Modern botanical and zoological nomen- clature depends to an ever-increasing degree on these specimens upon which the first name of a newly discovered organism were bestowed. So much depends on the correct interpretation of these priceless specimens — priceless because they can not be replaced when lost or destroyed — ^that it is often necessary for the scientific worker to travel long distances in order to be able to inspect them personally. It is manifestly a great disadvantage that type specimens are scat- tered through hundreds of museums, some of them even in private collections exposed to dangers of many kinds. The ideal condition would undoubtedly be to have one single depository where the scientific student could go sure of finding aU the existing type ma- terial relating to his work gathered together in one place. I need not emphasize that such an idea is Utopian at the present time, but it would seem possible to have the great majority of types assembled in a few of the largest institutions which would have ample facilities REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919, 75 for their permanent security and care as well as for their study and accessibility. Many smaller museums with laudable ambitions of be- coming centers of scientific activity in certain fields are endeavoring to maintain type collections in order to attract visiting biologists or to facilitate the studies of some scientists of their own faculty or of some neighboring institutions. But what does it benefit them to have such ready access to a few types when in any event they must consult the much larger number accumulated in the great museums which, because of their age, have been the depositories of types de- scribed by several generations of species-makers? The National Museum has long been recognized as possessing one of the richest type collections in America. Eealizing the obligations to scientific workers all over the country which this possession involves it has been our aim to make the care and accessibility of the types one of the leading features of this institution. The specimens are being segregated, specially housed and marked, card-catalogued and con- stantly inspected. The building and fixtures are fireproof, and their handling is reduced to a minimum. Descriptive catalogues are being prepared and will be published from time to time. In this way it is hoped that the type collection of the National Museum may be- come a Mecca where botanists and zoologists may find material for the settlement of so many vexing questions. Many taxonomists real- izing the importance of this work have in recent years voluntarily deposited the types of their descriptions, knowing that here they would be safe and accessible. The curators have continued during the past year their efforts in this direction. Many types are undoubtedly yet undiscovered among the general collections, but diligent search is constantly being made. Quite a number of interesting finds of old types were made during the term of this report in practically all divisions. It is expected that detailed accounts of several of these collections may soon be available. In the meantime it is hoped that authors all over the country will avail themselves of the opportunity to have their types properly preserved for future generations of biologists. The operations of the department of biolog}^ by divisions have been as follows : Mammals. — The most noteworthy of the accessions received was the result of Dr. W. L. Abbott's continued generosity and consisted of 423 mammals from central Celebes collected by Mr. H. C. Raven. This collection is extremely important, as it supplements in an ad- mirable manner our Malayan material and illustrates the fauna from a region from which we have hitherto had no specimens. It includes several genera not before represented in the Museum, some of them probably undescribed. 76 KEPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. The 217 specimens received as the first result of the Collins-Gamer expedition to the French Congo and collected by Mr. C. K. Asche- meier form another valuable addition, including as it does 2 gorillas, 7 chimpanzees, 10 buffaloes, 28 antelopes, and parts of an elephant. Several large mammals, including a mule deer, Eocky Mountain goat, and Eockj^ Mountain sheep, were collected for the Museum by Secretary Walcott during his exploration in British Columbia. Two species of banana opossums from Yucatan hitherto unrepresented in the Museum were presented by Dr. George F. Gaumer. Another interesting donation consisted of seven embryos of insectivores and carnivores from Mr. Arthur Loveridge in Nairobi, East Africa, a material especially important for compai^tive study. Additional storage cases furnished during the year has resulted in greatly relieving the crowded condition of part of the skin col- lection. The completion of the rearrangement of the entire collec- tion of small and medium skulls has also accomplished a betterment especially among the carnivores. Owing to various conditions the curator, Mr. Gerrit S. Miller, jr., found it impracticable to devote much time to original investigation during the past year. Such work of this kind as has been done has consisted chiefly of routine identification of material for catalogu- ing. The translation of an important paper on the classification of the Cetacea ^ has been nearly completed. The present inconvenient arrangement of the study material caused by the storing of the speci- mens on the second floor, while the workrooms and the library are located in the basement, has also hampered the work of Mr. N. Hol- lister, superintendent of the National Zoological Park, who is now working up the primates for part 3 of the East African Mammals in the National Museum, part 2 having been published during the year as part 2 of Bulletin No. 99. Dr. C. Hart Merriam, associate in zoology, has continued his work on North American bears. The members of the Biological Survey, as usual, made constant use of the collections, as did Dr. O. P. Hay, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, in connection with his work on the Pleistocene fauna of North America. Dr. J. L. Wortman completed his studies of insectivores and primates and submitted a paper for publication as a result of his studies. Specimens were lent for study to Dr. J. A. Allen, of the American Museum of Natural History, New York City ; Dr. Glover M. Allen, of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts ; Mr. Oldfield Thomas, of the British Mu- seum, London, England; Mr. O. A. Peterson, of the Carnegie Mu- seum, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Mr. William Beebe, of the New York Zoological Park ; Mr. E. H. Sellers, of the Florida State Geo- 1 Winge, H., Udsigt over Hvalernes indbyrdes slsegtskab, Vidensk. Meddel. fra Dansk naturh. Foren., vol. 70, pp. 59-142, 1918. REPORT OF NATIONAL, MUSEUM, 1919. 77 logical Survey. One weasel skin and skull were abo loaned to the Provincial Museum, Halifax, Nova Scotia, while seven samples of mammal hairs were sent to Mr. Leon Augustus Ilausman, of Cornell University. Birds. — Dr. W. L. Abbott, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, con- tributed 952 skins, 87 alcoholics and skeletons, and 10 eggs. The bulk of this material was collected in middle Celebes by Mr. H. C. Eaven, and constitutes an important addition to the collection. It contains representatives of 2 genera and 13 species (and subspecies) new to science, descriptions of which have lately appeared. Doctor Abbott personally collected 68 skins, 16 alcoholics and skeletons, and 10 eggs in Santo Domingo. Familiar with the desiderata of the Museum, he went there for the purpose of filling gaps in the collec- tion, and managed to obtain several desirable species and plumages. Probably the most interesting item in this collection was a clutch, of 4 eggs of the palm chat, possibly the first to reach any museum, though the species, its nest, and general habits, have been known ahnost since the discovery of America. The palm chat is very com- mon on the island, conspicuous, lives in colonies, and builds an enor- mous community nest, sometimes 5 feet or more in diameter, of small sticks, placed in the top of a high palm tree. The eggs were de- scribed by a French writer in 1851 as white, but they proved to be spotted, and large for the size of the bird. Doctor Abbott also sent 2 eggs of the ruddy quail-dove {Oreofeleia montana)^ unusual in col- lections. From Mr. B. H. Swales, honorary custodian of the sec- tion of eggs, were received 645 birds, chiefly from North America, in- cluding a number of important desiderata among foreign birds. Among the latter were representatives of 28 genera not previously in the Museum. There were also six sldns of a recently described new diving petrel from the island of South Georgia. Large and im- portant shipments of specimens of birds from the Collins-Garner Congo expedition were received during the j^ear. The Bureau of Fisheries transmitted two lots from Alaska, chiefly from the Pribilof Islands, including 21 species not hitherto recorded from that group, of which 4 were also unrecorded from North America. The latter were the falcated teal {Eunetta falcata)^ Polynesian tattler {He- teroscelus hrevipes), Kamchatkan sea eagle {Tludasoaetus pelagicus), and Japanese pipit {Anthus spinoletta japonica). The Biological Survey, Department of Agriculture, transmitted 161 alcoholics and skeletons, chiefly birds of special interest, for anatomical investigation. From the National Zoological Park were received several accessions of consideral^le interest, namely, a trum- peter swan, one of the fast-vanishing species of this country ; a crested eagle from Liberia, a Cape Barren goose, and a weka rail. Mr. Ed- 78 REPOET OF ISTATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. ward J. Brown, of Los Angeles, California, forwarded 137 skins and 4 skeletons from California, among which were a goodly number of well-prepared gulls and wading birds. Early in July, 1918, at the time preparations were being made for closing the exhibits to the public, a number of rare and extinct birds were removed from the exhibition halls and brought to the office for safe-keeping. At the same time search was made for certain type specimens in the mounted collection, two being recovered, namely, a sparrow from Cuba and a species of Petroica from Australia. Not much has been attempted in arranging the eggs and nests received in recent years, but Mr. B. H. Swales, who was designated honorary custodian of the section of birds' eggs during the year, has started work on the collection. All of the material received during the year was catalogued and stored in temporary quarters. The numerous foreign alcoholic specimens received during the year were catalogued and supplied with tin tags, determined as far as the ma,terial would allow, placed in suitable containers, supplied with fresh alcohol, and labeled. Unfortunately, the number of uncleaned skeletons is in- creasing each year, owing to the fact that the preparators are not able to keep up with the accumulation of material, so that a number of rare genera from Celebes, Santo Domingo, etc., remain unavail- able for study. Mr. Wetmore, of the Biological Survey, has gener- ously continued to look after the arrangement of the skeleton col- lections. The curator. Dr. Eobert Ridgway, continued his work on the .un- completed portion of Bulletin 50, The Birds of North and Middle America. A very considerable part of the time during the year was employed in correcting proof sheets and superintending prepara- tion of the index of part 8, which was published before the end of the year. Work on part 9 has consisted of descriptive work relating to the first major group to be treated, namely, the Gruiformes. The associate curator. Dr. Charles W. Richmond, was occupied as usual very largely with routine and miscellaneous duties partlj^ relating to seeing part 8 of Bulletin 50 through the press, partly furnishing the curator with data for the groups to be treated in part 9, and continued his work on the office card catalogue of species of birds. He also made considerable progress toward correcting and com- pleting early records of the office and its collections, such as piecing together and filling out records for the United States Exploring Ex- pedition material, some interesting data having been obtained from Peale's original journals in the Library of Congress. He also began, with Mr. Swales, the accumulation of data for a report on the birds of Santo Domingo and Haiti, during which work he formulated a list of desiderata of materials and facts for the use of Doctor Abbott in future trips to the island. REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. 79 The aid, Mr. J. H. Riley, besides attending to routine work, studied the Celebes collection, publishing two preliminary papers on the subject. As stated above, Mr. Swales has been engaged in the various investigations. The report upon the African collections, begun by the late Di'. Edgar A. Meams, has remained unchanged, no successor having been found thus far. The subject of ornithology does not lend itself readily to actual war work. However, some information on "protective coloration" was given to an official connected with the military service who was developing the camouflage work for the Army. In this connection the associate curator calls attention to the interesting fact that at the time the late Secretary Langley was engaged in solving the prob- lem of mechanical flight in taking a soaring bird as a model, a quarter of a century or more ago, he turned to the division of birds for information, receiving many data and material as well as books on the subject. References to literature on bird flight, descriptions of soaring powers of birds, records of square-wing area in proportion to weight, and data in relation to the center of gravity in birds were supplied, and several birds of soaring types mounted in the attitude of flight were used in his experiments. Living birds of high soaring ability were secured for his investigations. This took place over a period of 13 years, from 1887 to 1900. It may also be mentioned that Mr. Pentz, who had submitted to the naval board a plan for the use of gulls as a means of detecting the presence of submarines, called at the office for information, and some time was spent looking up literature on gulls and on their habits, searching for data bearing on the project. As in former years, members of the Biological Survey, including Messrs. Vernon Bailey, E. A. Preble, F. V. Eamshaw, T. T. Bloxsom, Francis Harper, A. H. Howell, and Dr. Walter P. Taylor had full access to the collection in connection with their work; Dr. H. C. Oberholser worked largely through the year on collections both in connection with survey business and in his own time on the various East India and Malayan material; Mr. Alexander Wetmore like- wise worked frequently among the various collections, partly upon survey projects, but more particularly in his own time on various anatomical investigations undertaken by him. Dr. W. L. Abbott on three occasions examined the recent accessions from Celebes and Santo Domingo, especially the genera of possible oc- currence in the last-named island. A large number of other ornitholo- gists visited the division at various times consulting specimens in the study series, namely, Dr. Glover M. Allen, of Cambridge, Massachu- setts; Mr. Edwin Ashby, of Blackwood, South Australia; Mr. Harry B. Bailey, of Newport News, Virginia; Dr. Peter Brancato, of Wyckoff, New Jersey; Mr. H. W. Brandt, of Cleveland, Ohio; 80 EEPOET OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. Dr. Frank M. Chapman, of the American Museum of Natural His- tory, New York City; Mr. Eobert E. Coker, of the Bureau of Fish- eries, Washington, District of Columbia; Maj. Alfred M. CoUins, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Mr. Edward J, Court, of Washing- ton, District of Columbia; Mr. W. A. Deane, of Washington, Dis- trict of Columbia; Dr. Jonathan Dwight, of New York City; IVIr. H. J. Elwes, of England; Mr. J. H. Fleming, of Toronto, Canada; Mr. C. L. Fitzgerald, of the Eoyal Nayj^; Mr. L. A. Fuertes, of Ithaca, New York; Mr. Leon L. Gardner, Philadelphia, Pennsyl- vania; Dr. G. Dallas Hanna, of the Bureau of Fisheries; Mr. E. B. Hough, of Lowville, New York ; Mr. Chas. M. Hoy ; Mr. Carl Lum- holtz; Mr. Eobert Cushman Murphy, of Brooklyn Museum; Mr. John T. Nichols, of the American Museum of Natural History, New York City; Mr. G. K. Noble, of Cambridge, Massachusetts; Mr. J. Parker Norris, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Mr. W. H. Osgood, of the Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois ; Mr. H. C. Eaven ; Mr. Chas. H. Eogers, of the American Museum of Natural History, New York City; Dr. L. C. Sanford, of New Haven, Connecticut; Dr. E. W. Shufeldt, of Washington, District of Columia ; Mr. Henry Steele, of Highland Park, Illinois; Mr. George H. Stuart, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Miss Katherine Stuart, of Alexandria, Virginia. There were an unusual number of inquiries for titles of books on the birds of France, and a number of men in uniform called at the office to see books on this subject. Specimens were lent for study to the American Museum of Natural History, New York City ; Judge E. M. Barnes, Lacon, Illinois ; Brook- lyn Museum, Brooklyn, New York; Bureau of Engraving and Print- ing; California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California; Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Mrs. John W. Daniel, Lynchburg, Virginia; Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois; Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachu- setts; Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Berkeley, California; Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Arthur T. Wayne, Mount Pleasant, South Carolina. Reptiles oMd hatrachians. — Although the accessions as a whole were rather disappointing, there are nevertheless a few noteworthy addi- tions. Thus Lieut. H. C. Kellers, L^nited States Navy, sent in 139 specimens from Savage Island and the American Samoa, Polynesia. The Biological Survey transferred 354 specimens, mostly from western United States, but including 35 from France collected by Maj. E. A. Goldman. From the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 20 specimens from Kamerun, Madagascar, the Weet Indies, and Peru were obtained in exchange. To Dr. W. L. Abbott we are indebted for 19 specimens collected by Mr. H. C. Eaven in Celebes, and 8 specimens collected by himself in Santo Domingo. REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. 81 The American Museum of Natural History, New York, presented four paratypes of species recently described in its bulletin. Finally, grateful mention should be made of 12 turtles, mostly Kinosternons, donated by the Mexican National Museum through its director, Dr. A. L, Herrera, as this material is of particular importance in clearing up some of the confusion existing in relation to the species of this group of turtles. The usual annual examination of all the jars in the collection for the purpose of replenishing the alcohol was com- pleted. The curator, Dr. Leonhard Stejneger, with many interruptions, continued his study of the turtles north of Panama, principally the mud turtles of Central America and Mexico. The material at hand, although considerable and probably greater than in any other mu- seum, is still insufficient to solve the many intricate questions involved, and efforts are being made to obtain specimens from all parts of the region mentioned. Dr. F. N. Blanchard, who was appointed aid during the year, made good progress and nearly completed his mono- graphic study of the American milk snakes. He published a prelimi- nary paper describing two new species of the genus. Dr. Thomas Barbour, of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, during several visits studied West Indian reptiles and batrachians, determining about 60 lizards on one occasion. Dr. J. C. Thompson, United States Navy, identified about a hundred snakes from Malaysia, and Mr. E. R. Dunn, of Smith College, studied and identified a considerable number of salamanders during occasional visits. Other herpetologists who have examined material in the collection from time to time were : Mr. G. K. Noble, of the American Museum of Natural History ; Dr. O. P. Hay, of the Carnegie Institution ; and Dr. R. W. Shuf eldt, of Washington, District of Columbia. Specimens were lent for study to the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, for Dr. Tli. Bar- bour; American Museum of Natural History, New York City, for Miss M. C. Dickerson, and to Dr. Alex. G. Ruthven, director of the Museum of the University of Michigan. Fishes. — The Bureau of Fisheries transferred 31 specimens! of Macruroid fishes, among them two types, collected during the Alba- tross Philippine cruise, 1907-1909; also an Apsilus dentatus from Campeche Banks, Gulf of Mexico, received from the Warren Fish Co., Pensacola, Florida. Mr. Philip Cox, University of New Bruns- wick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, donated four specimens of an undescribed form of Dace (Leuciscus) collected in a brook tributary to Miramichi Ba}'. The upper floor and about one-half of the lower floor of the storage containing the study series has been gone over thoroughly, alcohol replenished or changed where needed, shelves and containers 143943°— 20 6 82 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. cleaned, many labels restored, and the family members added to the labels for convenience in locating specimens. The collection of type specimens has been gone over carefully and many specimens removed to more suitable jars. The card catalogue has been brought up to date as far as possible. Mr. B. A. Bean, the assistant curator of fishes, prepared an anno- tated list of a second lot of fishes collected by officials of the Geo- logical Survey of Canada and forwarded it to Ottawa for inclusion in the report upon the fishes collected around Vancouver Island, now in the hands of the editor. At the suggestion of Dr. David S. Jor- dan, he has undertaken a detailed description of the unique type specimen of Steinegeria rubescetis to accompany the publication of an illustration of this little-known form. Dr. O. P. Hay, during the year, examined various skeletons in the collection in comparison with fossil remains from different localities. Mr. W. W. Welsh, of the United States Bureau of Fisheries, also examined various specimens in connection with his study of recently collected material. The fishes collected by Mr. W. H. Brown with the United States Eclipse Expedition to West Africa, 1889-90, as well as those collected by Mr. Eolla P. Currie, of the Department of Agriculture, in the St. Paul River, Siberia, in 1907, were sent for examination and report to Mr. Henry W. Fowler, of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, who has submitted for publication a manuscript based on these collections. The fishes of the United States Exploring Ex- pedition under Captain Wilkes were also sent to him for study and report. A large number of fishes collected during the Smithsonian Biological Survey of Panama were sent to Mr. S. F. Hildebrand, of the United States Bureau of Fisheries, at present located at Key West, Florida, for study. Also 13 specimens of chub mackerel {Scomher colias) to Prof. E. C. Starks, Stanford University, for study and comparison with west coast material. Injects, — Owing to the very small number of transfers from the Department of Agriculture the increase in the entomological col- lections has been slight as compared with previous years. The only accession worthy of special mention is the deposit bj^ Mr, J. R. de la Torre Bueno, of White Plains, New York, of part of the Kirkaldy collection of Hemiptera. The late G. W. Kirkaldy was one of the foremost authorities on the order Hemiptera, and the collection contains the material on which his valuable work on that order was done. Owing to a lack of drawers there has not been any great advance in the arrangements of the collections. Some prog- ress, however, has been made in the Lepidoptera, the Coleoptera, and to a lesser extent in the Hymenoptera where the North American bees have been assembled. KEPORT OF NATIONAL, MUSEUM, 1919. 83 The bibliography for the year indicates what the staff of the division has published during the year. Most of the work done is of a taxonomic character, and consists primarily and in the main of determining specimens submitted to the Bureau of Entomology. Incidentally, revision work of a more general character is undertaken usually in conjunction with or necessitated by the above. Thus several monographic revisions of families or greater groups have been begim or developed during the year, and one, a synopsis of the tribes and genera of muscoid flies of the world, by Dr. C. H. T. Townsend, has been completed, though not yet published. Prof, T. D. A. Cockerell, of the University of Colorado, has con- tinued his studies of and described a large number of bees in the national collection. Mr. R. V. Chamberlain, of the Museum of Com- parative Zoology, has begun the revision of our entire collection, of Myriopoda. During the past year the collections have been con- sulted by the following entomologists, in addition to the specialists of the Bureau of Entomology, who have always had free access to the specimens: Messrs. E. T. Cresson, jr., and J. A. G. Rehn, of the Academ.y of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia : C. C. Crampton, of the ISIassachusetts Agi'icultural College, Amherst, Massachusetts ; C. B. Williams, of Trinidad, West Indies ; and H. G. Barber, William T. Davis, C. W. Leng, and L. B. Woodruff, of New York. The en- tire collection of Myriopoda, contained in 509 bottles and jars, were sent to Mr. R. V. Chamberlain, as noted above. A few Diptera were sent for study to Prof. C. L. Metcalf , of the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, and 31 Lepidoptera to Sir George F. Hampson, of the British Museum, London, for study in connection with his re- vision of the Noctuidae. Marine invertebrates. — With the exception of the John B. Hen- derson collection of Antillean land mollusks, already referred to above, the accessions for the rest of the marine invertebrates are not as valuable as in past years, chiefly because the activities of the vessels of the Bureau of Fisheries have been shifted to work con- nected with the war, thus interfering with the normal lines of in- vestigation which in times of peace have resulted in transfer of large collections to the United States National Museum. Neverthe- less, there are a number of very notable accessions meriting special mention, such as 50 specimens of land shells from the Philippine Islands, among them no less than 7 types of new species and sub- species, donated by Mr. Walter F. Webb, of Rochester, New York. These additions are the more valuable as they are chiefly from un- explored regions in the archipelago, and in most cases unique speci-. mens, presented with characteristic generosity to the National Mu- seum to the detriment of his own private collection. Mr. R. L. 84 REPORT OF NATIONAL, MUSEUM, 1919. Mestayer and Miss Marjorie Mestayer, of Wellington, New Zealand, donated a number of New Zealand mollusks. including paratypes of 5 new species, and 4 slides of foraminifera, including 1,241 specimens dredged by H. M. S. Hinemoa and containing many forms new to science. Dr. Joseph A. Cushman has made the latter ma- terial the basis of a monographic report now going through the press. Dr. W. L. Abbott's own exploration in Santo Domingo re- sulted in the addition of about 500 specimens (25 species) of land and fresh-water mollusks from Santo Domingo, while the Raven collection contained 5 marine invertebrates from Borneo. The Australian Museum, Sydney, New South Wales, presented a first set of duplicates of decapod crustaceans, 15 species in 42 specimens, secured by the Endeavour's investigations in Australian waters and reported on by Dr. Mary J. Rathbun. The land and marine shells donated by Mr. W. E. Crane, of Washington, District of Columbia (414 specimens), from various localities are especially valuable to the Museum, not only because many are exceedingly rare, but also because they are selected with a view to filling gaps in the Museum collections discovered by Mr. Crane during his research in this division. Dr. F. Felippone, of Montevideo, Uruguay, has added 48 species, mostly mollusks, to his previous contributions, which have more than tripled the Museum's collections of the Uruguayan fauna, including types of several new genera and species. A collec- tion of about 2,000 specimens of Australian chitons was obtained in exchange from Mr. Edwin Ashby, of S^^dney, New South Wales, admirably filling the gaps and rounding out our series, and con- taining besides many paratypes. Mr. B. Preston Clark, of Boston, Massachusetts, donated 35 specimens of Philippine land shells of the genus Amphidromus. Hon. Jaime C. de Veyra, Resident Com- missioner from the Philippines, United States House of Representa- tives, Washington, presented 22 Philippine mollusks, among them the type of Columbella deveyrai described by Doctor Bartsch. One hundred invertebrates were received from Prof. N. Gist Gee, of the Soochow University, China, among which the type of a new species of isopod crustacean. Dr. A. L. Herrera, the director of the Na- tional Museum of Natural History of Mexico, generously con- tributed an unusually rare and perfect gorgonocephalid echino- derm, which was described by Mr. Austin H. Clark in the Museum Proceedings as a new genus and species under the name Astro- cynodus herrerai. Doctor Herrera also contributed 10 microscopical preparations of bio-artifacts. Mr. William H. Weeks, of Brook- lyn, New York, donated 21 mollusks from various localities, among them the type of Leptopoma nitidv/n weehsi Bartsch, from Bohol, Philippine Islands. Another collection of Philippine mollusks, REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. 85 containing manj new and rare forms, is due to the generosity of Mr. C. M. Weber, Balabac Island, Philippine Islands. A large number of invertebrates from the coast of California were received from Mr. E. P. Chase, of Los Angeles, California, in exchange and as gift, among them the type of a new species. Types of three new species of shells from the Philippine Islands were contained in a donation by Mr. Gilbert S. Perez, industrial supervisor, Lucena, Tayabas. Various types were also presented, with other valuable material, by Mr. G. Willett, of Los Angeles, California, Mr. T. Urita, Kogoshima, Japan, and Prof. Carl C. Engberg, of the Uni- versity of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska. With regard to the condition of the collections. Dr. Paul Bartsch, the curator, reports that all collections have been overhauled and as far as possible put in order, solutions, containers, and labels renewed in all cases where necessary. The mollusk collection, as a whole, has been rendered more useful by the intercalation of label blocks containing the names of the genera and subgenera at the head of the various sections and by cards placed in each drawer showing the species contained. For a number of years Dr. W. H. Dall, the honorary curator of mollusks, has been adding to the col- lection of Brachiopoda by exchange or purchase. He has now sys- tematically arranged this collection, bringing the nomenclature and labeling up to date and naming the unidentified specimens. Includ- ing the European specimens in the Jeffrej^s collection the number of species represented in our series of recent Brachiopoda is 175, repre- sented by more than 6,000 specimens. Thirty-two of these species are new to science. From information recently received in regard to the Davidson collection of recent Brachiopods now in the British Museum, which has always been considered the finest in any museum, it is apparent that the collection in the National Museum far exceeds it, both in number of specimens and species, and of original types. It is without doubt the finest collection of recent Brachiopods extant. Doctor Dall completed the revision of the collection of mollusks from the west coast of America. In the course of this work many new species were discovered and described, being the largest contri- bution to the marine molluscan fauna of the Pacific coast since 1886. He also prepared a check list of the marine gastropods from the Arctic Ocean to San Diego, California, containing references to 2,055 species exclusive of cephalopods and nudibranchs as against only 492 species, including these groups, in Carpenter's list published in 1872. He furthermore revised for publication the large collec- tion of recent brachiopods, comprising over 6,000 specimens repre- senting 175 species, of which 32 are new to science, and began a study 86 REPOET OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. of the mollusks collected by the Bureau of Fisheries steamer Alba- tross during 1902 in the deeper waters around the Hawaiian Islands. Mr. John B. Henderson, a regent of the Smithsonian Institution, has continued his studies of the east American mollusks. He has also begun a monograph of the American tectibranchs and in addition has cooperated with the curator in a report on the mollusk fauna of the Beaufort, North Carolina, region for the Bureau of Fisheries. The text of his monograph on the Western Atlantic Scaphopoda has been comi:)leted for some time, its publication awaiting the making of a large number of illustrations. Dr. Mary J. Eathbun, associate in zoology, continued her study of the brachyuran crabs of the Amer- ican Museum Congo expedition, 1910-1916, referred to in last year's report. She has also identified the brachyurans collected by the Bar- bados-Antigua expedition of the State University of Iowa. The lectures delivered by the curator at Camp Lee and Camp Meade are referred to here as " war work," and frequent advice to correspondents how to destroy noxious pests, particularly slugs which have made serious inroads upon the war gardens in cities may be similarly classified. Mr. Austin H. Clark, assistant curator, has completed a second part of his Monograph of the Existing Crinoids, the first part of which was published by the Museum in 1915 as Bulletin 82. Work on a third part of this monograph is well under way. His investigations in the larval crinoids of the Gauss expedition have been completed, as well as his report on the ophiurans and crinoids of the Barbados- Antigua expedition of the State Universtiy of Iowa. He has continued his investigations on the crinoids of the Ingolf expedition. Mr. Waldo L. Schmitt, as- sistant curator, has begun a report on the Macrura and Anomura of the American Museum Congo expedition, 1910-1916, and another on the Macrura and Anomura of the State University of Iowa Bar- bados-Antigua expedition, 1918. He also spent three months, from August to October, 1918, in California, on detail to the United States Bureau of Fisheries, in connection with his studies upon the life history of the California spiny lobster. He has also continued his studies upon the hermit crabs of Japan and the American East Coast Macrura. His report on the Schizopods of the Canadian Arctic expedition is going through press. Mr. William B. Marshall, assist- ant curator, has devoted the greater part of his time to routine work incidental to the distribution of old and receipt of new molluskan collections, including identifications of large gi'oups of mollusks submitted by other institutions and individuals for examination. Such time as could be spared for research work was devoted to the study of the pearly fresh-water mussels which has resulted in the completion of two papex's, He also continued his study of the REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. S^ diplodons and anodontites. Mr. C. R. Shoemaker, aid, in what little time could be spared from routine work, continued his studies of the amphipods, completing his report on those collected by the Canadian Arctic expedition, as well as a report on the amphipods of the American Museum Congo expedition, 1910-1916. Miss Pearl L. Boone, aid, continued her studies of the isopods, which resulted in the preparation of three papers for publication. Her report on the isopods of the Canadian Arctic expedition is being expanded into a report upon those crustaceans for the entire region. She has also begun a comprehensive report on South American isopods. Dr. T. Wayland Vaughan, custodian of the Madreporarian corals, has devoted the major portion of his time to war work under tha Geological Survey. The little time remaining for research he has devoted to consideration of fossil material in connection with which he had consulted the recent coral collections of the United States National Museum. Asst. Surg. Gen. Charles Wardell Stiles, cus- todian of the Helminthological collections ; Dr. B. H. Ransom, assist- ant custodian; and Dr. P. E. Garrison, United States Navy, have continued their investigations on the parasites of man and other animals. Mr. Harry K. Harring, custodian of Rotatoria, has con- tinued his studies of the rotifers of the District of Columbia, Wis- consin, and other States. The facilities of the division have been extended to a number of other specialists prosecuting investigations in our collections, as fol- lows: Dr. Charles W. Cook, United States Geological Survey, has consulted the recent mollusk collections in connection with his study of the Eocene and Oligocene fauna, continued in the intervals of field work for the United States Geological Survey. Mr. W. E. Crane, of Washington, District of Columbia, has spent about six months studying the various collections of mollusks, comparing and identifying his own private collection thereby. He has liberally donated several lots of rare shells from his private collection to fill gaps in the collection of the Museum. Mr. Edwin Ashby, of Black- wood, South Australia, studied the Australian chitonidae collections in the United States National Museum during the month of July, which, in addition to a revision of our collections, resulted in an ex- change of valuable paratypes and other valuable Australian chitonidae for North American specimens. Dr. Ralph V. Chamberlin, of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, spent a couple of days examining the annelid collections, making a pre- liminary examination of the Arctic marine annelids and the gen- eral collection of sipunculid worms, both of which he has undertaken to monograph, his reports to be published by the National Museum. 88 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. Dr. Max Ellis, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, spent seA'eral days examining the crustacean collections for discodrilid worms. The parasites found have been referred to him for mono- graphic report, to be published by the National Museum. Dr. E, W. Shufeldt, of Washington, District of Columbia, spent several days in the division selecting specimens of mollusks and crustaceans to be photographed for use as illustrations for a series of popular articles. Fifty or more specialists from the various branches of the United States Department of AgTiculture, the Bureau of Fisheries, and the Geological Survey have made personal calls, seeking assistance with various phases of their respective problems. There are a large number of groups of marine invertebrates on which the Museum, unfortunately, possesses no staff specialist. Whenever material in these groups arrives for determination or de- posit it is sent to men engaged in research upon these lines, and while this arrangem.ent is undoubtedly also of advantage to these coworkers, the Museum is nevertheless under great obligations to them for their cordial and valuable cooperation. The list embraces some of the highest authorities in their specialty in this country, as well as abroad, as follows: Dr. Henry B. Bigelow (Medusae, Ctenophora) ; Dr. L. R. Cary (Alcyonarians) ; Dr. R. V. Chamber- lin (Gephyrea) ; Dr. Hubert L. Clark (Holothurians) ; Dr. Wesley E. Coe (Nemerteans) ; Dr. Leon J. Cole (Pycnogonids) ; Dr. Joseph A. Cushman (Foraminifera) ; Prof. G. S. Dodds (Fresh Water Entomostraca) ; Dr. Max Ellis (Discodrilids) : Dr. C. O. Esterly (Free-swimming Copepods) ; Dr. Walter Faxon (Crayfishes) ; Prof. Ernest Carroll Faust (Trematodes) ; Dr. Walter K. Fisher (Star- fishes) ; Dr. Maurice C. Hall (Discodrilids) ; Mr. Sanji Hozawa (Calcareous sponges) ; Dr. A. G. Huntsman (Ascidians) ; Prof. Eene Koehler (Ophiurans) ; Prof. Chauncey Juday (Daphniidae Crus- taces) ; Dr. C. D wight Marsh (Free-swimming Copepods) ; Dr. Alfred G. Mayor (Scyphomedusae) ; Dr. Maynard M. Metcalf (Salpa and Pyrosoma) ; Dr. J. Percy Moore (Annelids, Leeches) ; Dr. Theodor Mortensen (Echinoids) ; Dr. Charles C. Nutting (Ply- droids) ; Dr. Eaymond C. Osburn (Bryozoa) ; Dr. Henry A. Pilsbry (Barnacles, Mollusks) ; Mr. Madoka Sasaki (Cephalopod Mollusks) ; Prof. Frank Smith (Earthworms) ; Dr. Victor Sterki (Sphaeriidae) ; Prof. Harry B. Torrey (Actinians) ; Dr. Aaron L. Treadwell (An- nelids) ; Dr. Willard G. Van Name (Ascidians) ; Dr. A. E. Verrill (Starfishes); Prof. L. B. Walton (Planarians) ; Dr. Charles B. Wilson (Parasitic Copepods). Several large collections were sent out to specialists mentioned above, thus a large number of foraminifera to Dr. Joseph A. Cush- man, of the Boston Society of Natural History, in connection with REPORT OF NATIOlsTAL, MUSEUM, 1919. 89 his forthcoming monographs ; all the arctic marine aimelids and all unidentified sipunculids to Dr. Ralph V. Chamberlin, of the Museum of ComparatiA'e Zoology. In addition various smaller lots were sub- mitted for identification, or as supplementing previous sendings. Bottom samples to the number of 175, secured by the Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross^ ojff Oregon and Washington, were for- warded to Dr. C. H. Edmunston, of the University of Oregon, for examination and report. Plants. — The number of accessions received as well as the number of specimens entered in the record books during the present year is considerably less than the annual average, though the scientific value of the specimens received is about equal to that of the previous year. The low number of entries resulted from the difficulty in securing mounters. "With the exception of the Mexican and Philippine plants mentioned below, the more important accessions relate to material from South America, a region from which a special effort is being made to obtain specimens at the present time. In the order of their importance the larger accessions are as follows: Approximately 12,000 specimens of plants, chiefly from Mexico, presented by Brother G. Arsene, representing a nearly complete series of the extensive botanical collections secured by him and his associates among the Christian Brothers during about eight years' residence in Mexico. Some 3,995 specimens of Philippine plants were obtained by pur- chase. Prof. H. Pittier, of the Bureau of Plant Industry, donated a total of 1,761 specimens of Venezuelan plants of particular interest as coming from regions of great importance historically. From the bureau of science, Manila, Philippine Islands, 5,612 Philippine plants were received in exchange. Dr. J. N. Rose's expedition to Ecuador added about 2,000 specimens to the National Herbarium from the Andes of Ecuador, a region not well represented in American her- baria. From the Museu Goeldi, Para, Brazil, 1,077 specimens, from Brazil, chiefly leguminous trees, an unusually complete and well-pre- pared collection, obtained in exchange. Notwithstanding the shortage of curatorial help and the difficulty of securing mounters, the work connected with the upkeep and in- crease of the National Herbarium has progressed satisfactorily dur- ing the past fiscal year. Approximately 13,000 specimens have been mounted, while more than 20,000 remain to be mounted, this work to be accomplished in large part by orders already issued. All the specimens mounted have been entered in the record books of the divi- sion, and the gi'eater part distributed into the herbarium together with specimens remaining from last year. This work has been made possible by the employment of temporary help. The remainder of the grass herbarium has also been stamped and catalogued. Work 90 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1&19. in the general herbarium has included the identification of several thousand Mexican phanerogams by Mr. P. C. Standley, the assistant curator, in connection with his study of the trees and shrubs of Mexico. The associate curator, Mr. William R. Maxon, again calls atten- tion to the crowded condition of the herbarium and the difficulty of making provision for normal increase. Cases actually required have been installed temporarily, but at a sacrifice of table space which is badly needed. A small amount of space can be released by the dis- tribution of duplicates, but this would require additional clerical assistants. Real relief can only be had by providing a balcony in the west half of the herbarium as previously suggested and hope is expressed that it may be possible to have one constructed at an early date. The sectional library has been extended and completely rear- ranged during the latter part of the year. The work, in charge of Mr. Brockett, involved the deposit of many volumes received from the Biltmore Herbarium and of others selected from the Museum library. The curator, Mr. Frederick V. Coville, continued his studies of Vacdniimi and related genera, making use of material in the Na- tional Herbarium as in previous years. Dr. J. N. Rose, associate curator, since his return from the expedition to Ecuador in October, 1918, continued his studies of the Cactaceae in collaboration with Dr. N. L. Britton, director in chief of the New York Botanical Garden. The first volume of The Cactaceae has recently been published by the Carnegie Institution, under whose auspices the work has been done, and the second volume is in proof. Mr. Maxon continued his studies of the North American ferns and has published several l^apers. He has begim the preparation of a catalogue of the pteri- dophji;a of Cuba. Mr. Standley carried forward his work upon the Rubiaceae and has submitted manuscript for part 2 to be published in the North American Flora, i^art 1 having been issued during the year. He also submitted the first part of a synoptical account of the trees and shrubs of Mexico, and completed Studies of Tropical American Phanerogams, No. 3, which will appear shortly. During the year the herbarium has been consulted frequently, as in previous years, by members of the staff of the Department of Agriculture. Among the botanists from other cities who have worked in the herbarium during the year are the following: Prof. C. S. Sargent and Dr. Camillo Schneider, of the Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts; Prof. W. W. Rowlee, of Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Dr. J. K. Small, Dr. P. A. Rydberg, and Dr. H. A. Gleason, of the New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, New York City; and Dr. J. M. Greenman, of the Missouri REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. 91 Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri. The same condition which prevailed during the previous years resulted in the sending out for study a smaller number of specimens than usual, namely, 2,394, in 39 lots. The following deserve special notice: 136 specimens of South American orchids, lent to Mr. Oakes Ames, North Easton, Massachusetts, in connection with his monogi-aphic study of this group; 235 specimens of Salix lent to the Arnold Arboretum, Ja- maica Plain, Massachusetts, for the use of Dr. Camillo Schneider in connection with his extended treatment of North American wil- lows; 61 specimens of African mosses sent to Mr. H. N. Dixon, Northampton, England, for identification, this material including many new species, will form the basis of a forthcoming paper; 155 specimens of ferns of the genus Pityrogramma lent to the Gray Herbarium, Cambridge, Massachusetts, for study by Mr. C. A. Weatherby in connection with a revision of the southwestern repre- sentatives of this genus ; 85 specimens of Vemonieae lent to the Uni- versity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, for monographic study by Prof. H. A. Gleason. During the year 14 persons connected with the Department of Agriculture have borrowed from the National Herbarium 66 lots of plants, aggregating 1,918 specimens. Work of prepar'ators. — ^The storing away of the whole exhibition series at the beginning of the year and its later partial reinstallation with the incidental cleaning and repair has occupied a great amount of the time and labor of the preparators. The removal of the work shop of the osteologist and of the bird taxidermist due to the evacu- ation of their former quarter in the stable; the further removal of the mammal taxidermists and the modeler from the south shed to the building in the east court of the Natural History Building ; and the transfer of the bone cleaners' shops from the south to the north side of the south shed further reduced the time available for work on specimens. Finally, the absence of several of the men during part of the year due to sickness and temporary detail to another de- partment contributed to the comparative lack of progress in this division. Under those circumstances but little new work was ac- complished. On the other hand, this release of the preparators from work on the exhibition material has been of great benefit to the study series, both of mammals, birds, and reptiles. Again, the receipt of the large consignments of material from the Collins- Garner expedition to the French Coiigo, which on account of trans- portation difficulties had been long on the way and exposed to most untoward conditions, necessitated the concentration of the prepara- tory force on the work of saving this exceptionally valuable ma- terial. Thanks to the originally excellent preparation of the speci- mens and to the timely interference of the taxidermists on their arrival, the condition of these valuable collections is now very 92 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. satisfactor3\ The cleaning of skeletons and skulls has progressed as usual, with the necessary interruption due to the change of quar- ters, alluded to above. Mr. N. L. Brown completed the mounting of the American tapir and the Asiatic leopard mentioned in last year's report. He also tanned by hand 47 skins of large and medium sized mammals, among them 3 chimpanzees, 8 antelopes, a number of buffaloes, deer, etc. The tanning of valuable specimens by commer- cial tanners, as has been practiced during late years is becoming less and less satisfactory, and the hope is expressed that it may be pos- sible to do all the necessary work of the kind in the Museum shop. Mr. Brown also assisted Mr. Wood in his bird taxidermy, skinning and making up 23 birds. Mr. George Marshall, besides assisting Mr. Brown in much of the above work, was chiefly employed in miscel- laneous work connected with the moving, cleaning, and repairing of exhibits. A number of mammal skins were dismounted or made over and some bird skins prepared. Toward the end of the year much of his time was taken up with repairing the large collection of mammal heads preparatory to their being hung on the walls of the main staircase. They had suffered considerably from long stor- age in unsuitable cases since the Department of Biology moved into the Natural History Building. Mr. Nelson R. Wood, the bird taxi- dermist, was absent from the Museum during a considerable period on account of ill health. He mounted two specimens for the exhibi- tion series, but was mostly engaged in making over skins for the study series so valuable that they could not be entrusted to less ex- perienced hands, 141 skins being attended to in all. Mr. J. W. Scollick, the osteologist, cleaned 4 mammal skeletons, 82 bird skele- tons, 5 reptile skeletons, 44 mammal skulls, and 52 reptile skulls. Under his supervision 147 mammal skeletons and 414 slmlls, and 1 set of leg bones were cleaned, and 3 skeletons roughed out. JSIr. C. E. Mirguet, preparator, in addition to the work incidental to moving^ etc., was employed on a great variety of work, cleaning skeletons and skulls of birds and reptiles, tanning of mammal skins, including those of porpoise and sea-cow. He also mounted a large land tor- toise for the exhibition series, made plaster cast of a type skidl of bear, and changed the installation of the North American bear case after the opening of the exhibition. He was lately occupied with the task of hanging of the mammal heads on the walls of the main staircase. Mr. William Palmer, preparator, continued his work on the District of Columbia faunal exhibit. As mentioned in last year's report, plans were being made for a reinstallation of the District collection in the form of a series of habitat groups. One of these containing turkey vultures, bobwhite, dove, wild turkey, etc., was prepared as an experiment. He also completed the com- plete rebuilding of the old Flamingo group, a very difficult and time- REPORT OF NATIONAL, MUSEUM, 1919. 98 consuming work. He made molds and casts of turtles and fishes, also a group of green frogs for the District exhibit. For the general fish collection he made a gi^oup of a mother and four young of the cow- nosed ray {RMnohatm) . During the period following the moving of the exhibition cases he assisted in their reinstallation and rehabili- tation. Exhibition collections. — When last year's report closed, 41,600 square feet of floor space had already been vacated to furnish office room for the Bureau of War Risk Insurance of the United States Treasury. At that time part of the exhibits on both floors, notably the big groups of African mammals collected by the Smithsonian African expedition under direction of Col. Theodore Roosevelt, was still accessible to the public. During the first week of the year the Biological Department received orders to evacuate the rest of the exhibition space allotted to it, in order to furnish additional room for the War Risk Insurance Bureau. As a result, the big ranges on both floors were cleared of their cases by moving them into the skylight hall and the range in which are located the African groups, as it was found practically impossible to move the big habitat groups. The bird collection was moved into the adjacent alcoves and stored there. On the second floor the skeleton hall and the fish and reptile halls were cleared by moving the cases into the whale hall. The cases had to be so closely crowded that in most instances it was im- possible for a man to squeeze in between them. Enough space was left, however, for an efficient inspection which was undertaken regu- larly every week by Dr. J. E. Benedict and two preparators, with a view to detecting possible damage by insects or any other causes. In order to save the exhibits from unnecessary exposure to the light, the curtains were kept down wherever furnished, and in special in- stances the cases were darkened by covering them with thick black paper. Before storing away the exhibition collection specimens which, if damaged, could not be replaced, such as the great auk, the Labrador duck, etc., were removed from the cases and placed safely in insect-proof, dust and light tight unit storage cases. As a result of these precautions and the great care in handling the cases when moving them, the collection, as a whole, suffered surprisingly little damage. The War Risk Bureau having moved out of the building at the end of Marcli, 1919, the task of moving the stored exhibits back into their former places was begun at once. Within a short time the first floor exhibits were placed in position. On the second floor the ver- tebrate skeleton hall, and the fish and reptile halls were also re- stored to their former state. The exhibition rooms thus cleared and reinstalled were thrown open to the public on April 11. Unfortu- nately it was found impracticable to move the reserve series of the 94 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. division of mammals and the Biological Survey back to the ground floor. As a consequence, the entire north and northwest range are inaccessible to the public, and the whale hall, although open to visitors, is still filled with a large amount of heterogeneous exhibits, mostly part of the synoptic series and the District of Columbia fauna. As soon as the cases were back in their former positions, a thor- ough overhauling of the collection was made. Some repairs, of course, had to be made, but as already remarked, on the whole, the specimens had suffered but little. The specimens mounted in the meantime were then placed in their respective cases, thus the tapir in the great tropical American floor case filling a serious gap in the series. The floor of the North American bear case was sanded, and the specimens on polished walnut bases dismounted from their stands. At the same time a new arrangement was undertaken by which the appearance of the case was greatly improved. The ungu- late case on the north side of the same hall was similarly improved. Explorations. — The expeditions mentioned in last year's report have come to an end during the present year. Mr. H. C. Raven, who had been doing field work for the Museum in Borneo and Celebes, under the direction of Dr. W. L. Abbott, returned to this country on September 20, 1918, having been called home on account of the war. This closes, at least for the time being, a work that has been of the utmost value to the Museum, not only because of the richness of the collections, comprising as they do about 1,500 mammals and 2,800 birds, many of which are new to science, besides an extensive series of ethnological specimens, but especially because this material admirably supplements the collections previously made by Doctor Abbott himself in the more western part of the Malay Archipelago and by Doctor Mearns and others in the Philippines. The collec- tions which Mr. Raven brought back with him cover the period from August 1, 1917, to February 28, 1918, and were made chiefly at Gimpoe, Rano Rano, and Pinedapa, in the middle region of Celebes. Dr. W. L. Abbott undertook a short expedition to Santo Domingo in the early part of 1919, reaching there at the beginning of Febru- ary and returning to New York on June 14. He spent some time working in the region of Samana Bay, after which he visited the mountains, making Constanga his headquarters, whence he made several brief excursions to neighboring localities. Among the col- lections received were the eggs of the palm chat already alluded to and about 500 mollusks. Dr. C. D. Walcott's explorations in the Canadian Rocky Mountains during the field season of 1918, although primarily geological, resulted in several desirable additions to the mammal collection. Mr. "Waldo L. Schmitt, of the Division of Marine Invertebrates, spent the months of August, September, and KEPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. 95 October, 1918, in California, engaged in a study of the life history of the west coast spiny lobster under the auspices of the Bureau of Fisheries. Incidentally, shore and tide pool collections were made for the Museum. Dr. P. Bartsch, curator of marine invertebrates, made two trips to Florida during the spring of 1919, necessitated by his Cerion breeding experiments continued under the auspices of the Carnegie Institution of Washington. At the same time he collected a large number of specimens for the Museum, including some birds, reptiles, plants, about 10,000 mollusks, and other invertebrates. The botanical expedition under the joint auspices of the New York Botan- ical Garden, the Gray Herbarium, and the National Museum for the exploration of the Ecuadorean Andes was conducted very success- fully by Dr. J. N. Eose, associate curator of plants. This is the first field expedition under a cooperative plan organized by the above institutions for the investigation of the flora of Northern South America, which it is hoped will not only enrich our botanical collec- tions, but also furnish information regarding economic plants which will be of much value to the horticultural and agricultural interests of this country. The share of the Museum in this expedition was about 2,000 plants. Doctor Rose also added various other specimens, nota- bly reptiles and fishes to the collection. During the month of August, 1918, Mr. A. S.Hitchcock, custodian of the section of grasses of the division of plants, visited certain parts of the Southwestern States for the purpose of studying the grasses. Collections were made at Fayetteville and Pine Bluff in Arkansas, Stillwater in Oklahoma, and Fort Worth, in northeastern Texas, and various other places.. A fuller illustrated report is found in the Smithson- ian Exploration Pamphlet for 1918, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections (vol. 70, No. 2, pp. 50-61). The Collins-Garner Congo expedition in the interest of the Smithsonian Institution came to a close during the year. Mr. Garner and Mr. Aschemeier left the French Congo in March, arriving in New York in May. Major Col- lins was unfortunately prevented by the war from joining the party so that essentially the whole burden of collecting and preserving specimens fell on our representative, Mr. Aschemeier. As a result of his work about 1,200 mammals and more than 1,100 birds were obtained. Most of these specimens reached Washington before the end of the fiscal year, but so late that it has been impossible to include them in the accessions covered by the present report. All that have been received are in excellent condition. The collection of mammals includes, besides the smaller species, 5 gorillas, 9 chim- panzees, also numerous buffaloes, antelopes, and pigs. The material gathered by this expedition will be of great value for comparison with our East African collections, reports upon which are now being prepared by specialists. 96 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. The only new expedition sent out during the year we owe to Doctor Abbott's continued interest in the Museum. On the retirement of Mr. Raven, he generously arranged to send Mr. Charles M. Hoy to Australia for the benefit of the Museum. Mr. Hoy sailed early in May and has reported his safe arrival in Sydney. The object of his work will be mainly to procure series of the birds and mammals which are in danger of extermination. Many of these are not now properly represented in our collections. Hence this expedition prom- ises to be of very unusual importance. The first collecting field will probably be in the vicinity of Cape York. Distribution and exchange of specimens. — Duplicates distributed to schools, colleges, institutions, and individuals aggregated 3,917 specimens, of which 1,044 were in 6 sets of 174 mollusks, each regu- larly prepared for this purpose. One hundred and five bird skins from Polynesia, part of the collections made during the Albatross Pacific Expedition, 1899-1900, under the direction of Dr. Alexander Agassiz, were sent to the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cam- bridge, Massachusetts. To the British Museum a collection of 390 named Lepidoptera was presented as well as a few isopods, and to the Bruce Museum, Greenwich, Connecticut, 1,982 specimens, mollusks, reptiles, and fishes. The remaining specimens were sent to various institutions and specialists. Exchanges to the number of 4,352 specimens were arranged, 3,836 of which were botanical. Of the 516 zoological specimens, 57 hum- ming birds and 100 mollusks were sent to Mr. E. Ashby, Blackwood, South Australia; 244 mollusks to Dr. F. Felippone, Montevideo, Uruguay; while the remainder were disposed of by exchange with various institutions and individuals. The largest exchanges of plants were sent to the Oregon AgTicultural College ; British Museum ; Cali- fornia Academy of Sciences; Gray Herbarium, Cambridge, Massa- chusetts ; Missouri Botanical Garden ; New York Botanical Garden ; Field Museum of Natural History; College de Longiieuil, Quebec, Canada ; and the Botanic Gardens, Sydney, Australia. The remain- ing exchanges were mostly with individual botanists. REPORT ON THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY, By George P. Meebill, Eead Curator. The period covered by this report, as may be readily imagined, has been anomalous in the history of the department. From the begin- ning of the year until the April following, the exhibition halls were closed to the public, a portion of the working force was either in the Army or engaged in work incidental to the war, while the demand for expert services was so great that it was found impossible to fill important vacancies until after the declaration of the armistice in November. Further than this, the distractions incidental and conse- quential to this world-wide catastrophe naturally turned the atten- tion of both the Museum workers and the world at large to purely utilitarian matters, and the Museum suffered as a result. Neverthe- less, in the quiet of the laboratories, workrooms, and offices much that was of importance has been accomplished. General admirdstration of Jiead curator's office. — The routine of the department has not changed materially since a report on this sub- ject was first called for in 1912. Sundry instructions that have since been issued seemingly make it desirable to repeat in substance what was then given. All correspondence relating to official matters passes through the office of the head curator, whence it is distributed to the proper divi- sions or sections. This centralization has been found necessary to avoid delays, duplication of work, and other undesirable results. In like manner it has been found advisable that all papers relating to materials pass into the hands of one individual who is made respon- sible for the records. These include accessions, material for exam- ination and report, and the invoicing and packing of all specimens for distribution. This same individual, the recorder, performs or supervises the mechanical work incidental to cataloguing for all divi- sions of the department, thus having under observation all materials from the time they are received in the department until their final placement in the collection or return to the sender. This method, it is found, assures a uniformity and degree of accuracy impossible under the one-time prevalent system in which the head of each divi- sion or section handled matters at his own convenience and after his own methods. All letters containing requests for information and referred to the department are likewise distributed from the head curator's office, to 143943°— 20 7 97 98 REPORT or ITATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. be returned once more to him for approval and thence to the adminis- trative office. During the fiscal year under consideration, 206 letters were thus referred. No record is kept of these for a longer period than one year. Reports on material sent in for examination are, however, made a matter of permanent record. We are thus able at the present time to refer back to a copy of any original report that has been made since the organization of the office. No official papers are retained in the office longer than is seemingly necessary in order to obtain the information desired, or, in the case of accession papers, to catalogue the material. In cases where de- tailed cataloguing is not immediately possible, the entire lot is en- tered under one number and the papers returned to the official files, a cross reference to the original number being made when the speci- ments are finally registered individually. The above system is an outgrowth of experience, and has been found, so far as the department has information, to answer well for all purposes. The failures, if such there be, are due to individual pe- culiarities which can not be overcome in all cases. Accessions. — The additions to the collections during the year were comprised in 135 accessions, aggregating a total of approximately 30,800 specimens classified and distributed as follows: Division of Systematic and Applied Geology, 2,150 ; Mineralogy and Petrology, 2,600; Invertebrate Paleontology, 25,000; Vertebrate Paleontology, 50; Paleobotany, 1,000. These figures show a slight decrease from last year in number of accessions, but an increase in individual si^eci- mens. The average standard of value of the material is upheld, with a marked increase over last year in that of the paleontological acces- sions. There were received for examination and report 230 lots of rocks or supposed mineral-bearing materials, and 26 lots of fossils. The accessions of especial interest are as follows : Systematic and applied geology. — Through Mr. Frank L. Hess, of the United States Geological Survey, and honorary custodian of rare earths and rare metals, numerous additions have been made to the collection of ores of the rarer metals, particularly those used in the manufacture of steel. Among these are several examples from foreign sources, including the tungsten minerals wolframite and scheelite, the latter largely in crj^stal form, from Korea, donated by Mr. George R. Allen of the Chosen Mineral Co., Keijyo, Korea ; wolframite from China, gift of Sir Paul Chater, Hongkong, China; and wolframite from Bolivia, presented by Mr. B. Bryan. Domestic tungsten ores are represented by a large specimen of scheelite from AVliite Pine County, Nevada, gift of Mr. E. A. Stent, San Francisco, California, and ferberite from the Katy mine, in Boulder County, donated by Mr. H. Devries, Boulder, Colorado. A REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. 99 large msiss of molybdenum ore was presented by the Climax Molybde- num Co., Denver, and two specimens of ferrotungsten by the Tung- sten Products Co., Boulder, Colorado. The collection of tungsten ores was further augmented by speci- mens of scheelite and wolframite from Korea, presented by Dr. J. Morgan Clements, New York City, and by scheelite from Glenorchy, New Zealand, acquired by purchase. By transfer from the United States Geological Survey was received a collection of igneous rocks and miscellaneous ores from various lo- calities in Utah and Colorado, including the Leadville zinc ores recently described by Mr. G. F. Loughlin in Bulletin 681 of the Survey. Other materials from the same source include zirconiferous sandstone from near Ashland, Virginia, and vanadium ores from Placerville, Colorado, both described by Mr. F. L. Hess. Collections by members of the staff comprise large exhibition specimens illustrating various geological phenomena, and several hundred pounds each of glauconite and chert, secured by Dr. E. S. Bassler ; minerals and ores collected by Dr. C. E. Eesser in southern Pennsylvania; rocks, minerals, and ores from New York, New Jer- sey, and Pennsylvania, obtained by Dr. J. C. Martin; and. granite- gneiss and decomposition products showing the process of weather- ing, collected in Eock Creek Park by Dr. J. C. Martin and Mr. H. Warner. Other interesting accessions include tin and bismuth ores from Bolivia, donated by Mr. Rowland Bancroft, Denver, Colorado; a partial replacement cast in copper of a boulder, gift of Mr. Paul H. MacNeil, Washington, District of Columbia; and a sample of vol- canic sand which fell on the deck of the Belgian steamer President Bungo^ on October 23, 1918, supposed to be from the volcano of Hekla, Iceland, gift of Lieut. Commander John C. Soley, New Or- leans, Louisiana. To the collection of building stones was added a large slab of Mar Villa marble from Cockeysville, Maryland, gift of Mr. J. C. Matthai, Baltimore, Maryland. Material of unusual interest, including that of two new falls, has been added to the meteorite collection. The most important of these comprises two nearly complete individuals and upward of 50 frag- ments of a meteorite which fell near Cumberland Falls, "Wliitley County, Kentucky, on the 9th of April, 1919. The stone belongs to the rare type of achondrites. and is of peculiar interest on account of its brecciated stricture and other evidences of stress which it presents. The Museum is fortunate in ' having secured, through Prof. Arthur M. Miller of the L^niversity of Kentucky, and Mr. L. E. Bryant. Eobei-ta, Tennessee, the largest complete individual 100 REPOKT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. as well as such a quantity of fragments as to assure a full representa- tive series of this most remarkable stone. One complete and two nearly complete individuals of a chondritic stone which fell at Eichardton, North Dakota, on June 30, 1918. were also acquired through the aid of Prof. T. T. Quirke of the University of Minnesota. In addition to these, fine large exhibition slabs of the San An- gelo, Texas, and Staunton, Virginia, meteoric irons, weighing 1,917 and 1,162 gleams respectively, were presented by Mr. C. S. Bement, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, whose like public-spirited acts have been many times noted in previous reports. A slab weighing 1,393 grams, of the Kenton County, Kentucky, iron was received in ex- change from Ward's Natural Science Establishment, and examples of the Crumlin, Durala, and Nellore meteoric stones, and the Uwet iron, in exchange from the British Museum, London. Mineralogy mid petrology. — A remarkably large and perfect crystal of scheelite, 3| inches in maximum diameter, and weighing 529 grams (about 1^ pounds), was included in material secured by Dr. J. Morgan Clements, of New York City, while traveling in Korea in the interest of the Federal Trade Commission, and pre- sented by him to the Museum. In form this crystal is a simple tetragonal octahedron (double pyramid), all of the faces being wholly or partly represented. It is probably one of the most per- fect, if not the most perfect, crystals of its size known. Two crystals of cassiterite are also included in this accession. Two arsenic minerals, realgar and arsenolite, from Hunan, China, especially interesting on account of the locality, were presented by Mr. Ralph W. Weymouth, New York City, through Mr. F. L. Hess; large specimens of chlorite, one with included ankerite and one with pyrite crystals, were acquired by purchase; and two rare minerals, hodgkinsonite, from Franklin, New Jersey, and riversideite, from Crestmore, California, were added by exchanges, the former re- ceived from Mr. M. L. Jandorf, York, Pennsylvania, and the latter from Mr. William F. Foshag, Berkeley, California. An example of the new mineral ferrierite, from British Columbia, gift of Dr. W. F. Ferrier, Toronto, Canada ; a large exhibition speci- men of jarosite from California, transferred by the United States Geological Survey; several hundred pebbles of thomsonite and lin- tonite from the north shore of Lake Superior, gift of Miss Mary W. Peckham, Providence, Rhode Island; six minerals from Westfield, Massachusetts, described and presented by Mr. Earl V. Shannon; and a specimen of aguilarite from Mexico, a mineral before unrepre- sented in our collections, presented by Prof. William E. Ford, Yale University, are all worthy of note. REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. 101 Through the Frances Lea Chamberlain Fund, the following were added to the Isaac Lea collection of gems : Five opals from Austra- lia, of a variety heretofore unrepresented; a cut zircon weighing 51 carats ; two turquoises, figured by Dr. J. E. Pogue in his memoir on The Turquoise; one kunzite, weighing 7 carats; one 16-carat black opal, from Nevada; two stones cut from the rare mineral benitoite; one pendant carved from nephrite and one, cut cameo, of chal- cedony ; 32 fresh-water pearls from Tennessee ; and 30 gems cut from minerals in the Museum collection. The collection of gems was further enriched by six cut garnets from Arizona, presented by Mr. Frank Springer, East Las Vegas, New Mexico, and the exhibit of imitation and artificial stones by a brilliant cut gem manufactured from uranium oxides, gift of Maj. Harry S. Bryan, Phoenix, Arizona. But two accessions of imj^ortance were added to the petrological collections, one being a series of Brazilian eruptive rocks, gift of Dr. Mathia,s G. de Oliveira Roxo, Eio Janeiro, Brazil, and the other a collection from Sinaloa, Mexico, accompanied by a map of the region, • sent to the United States Geological Survey for examination by Mr. Jesus G. Ortega, and thence transferred to the Museum. Invertebrate paleontology. — Notable additions to the Cambrian col- lections include about 7,000 Middle Cambrian fossils, obtained by Secretary Walcott from the celebrated locality at Burgess Pass, Brit- ish Columbia, recorded as a deposit from the Smithsonian Institu- tion; approximately 400 from the classic Lower Cambrian locality at Troy, New York, gift of Prof. A. F. Foerste, Dayton, Ohio ; about 500 from southern Pennsylvania, collected by Assistant Curator Dr. C. E. Resser; and 200 from the Lower Cambrian at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, obtained from Dr. H. J. Roddy, Millersville, Penn- sylvania. A valuable collection, including both invertebrates and plants, mainly from the Carboniferous and Silurian rocks of Indiana, and numbering at least 10,000 specimens, was presented by Mr. Alva Shaeffer, Brazil, Indiana. The collection is especially rich in beau- tifully preserved and excellently prepared crinoids, and the Museum is fortunate in having been chosen as the depository for the results of Mr. Shaeffer's life-long collecting. Several thousand Upper Cretaceous fossils from New Jersey and about 1,500 from the Middle Ordovician of Kentucky resulted from the field work of the curator. Dr. R. S. Bassler. These were ob- tained chiefly for the study series, and their collection was incidental to explorations for exhibition material. A large slab of fossilifer- ous sandstone, crowded with well-preserved shells, and needed as an introduction to the stratigraphic series of fossils, was secured from the Eocene at Aquia Creek, Virginia. 102 EEPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. Additions to the Tertiary collections include a large shipment of fossils fi'om Panama, presented by Dr. D. F. MacDonald, Houston, Texas; about 500 specimens received in exchange from Dr. \F. C. Clark, Los Angeles, California; and a collection from St. Paul Island, Alaska, obtained by Mr. G. Dallas Hanna and transferred by the Bureau of Fisheries. Other accessions worthy of note comprise eight masses of limestone penetrated by the boring shell Pholas^ especially selected for exhibition and donated by Dr. F. C. Clark, Los Angeles, California ; and a col- lection of Cretaceous and Tertiary fossils from England, gift of Col. L. Worthington Wilmer, Eyde, Isle of Wight. The latter forms a valuable addition to the foreign stratigraphic series, to which Colonel Wilmer has contributed so generously in the past. Vertebrate paleontology. — Excellent exhibition specimens, hitherto unrepresented by adequate material, were acquired during the year. These include part of a skeleton, with the skull, of Diplocaulus copei^ a curious amphibian from the Permian of Texas; a skull of Mono- clonius; a skull, partial skeleton, and two hind paddles of Tylosauinis, and an articulated series of caudal vertebrae of Platycarpus. Next in importance, and forming a valuable addition to our series of types, are 24 described specimens from the Pleistocene and Mio- cene deposits, received from the geological department of the State of Florida as an exchange. A considerable portion of the skeleton of a large mastodon, with which was associated the top portion of a human cranium, was do- nated by Mr. Frank L. Clark, Winona Lake, Indiana ; the skull, lower jaws, vertebrae, and ribs of a fossil porpoise from cliffs along Chesa- peake Bay, Maryland, were obtained by Messrs. Norman Boss and William Palmer of the Museum staff ; a complete set of casts of the type skeleton of the giant fossil bird Diatryma steinii, was presented by the American Museum of Natural History, and an enlarged pho- tograph of the skeletal restoration of the large dinosaur Diplodocus carnegii by the Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Paleohotany. — The fossil plants included in the collection donated by Mr. Alva Shaeffer, noted earlier in this report, constitute the most important accession received in this section. These plants were derived from the coal measures of Indiana and are a valuable addi- tion to the stratigraphic series. Work on the collectioTis, special researches^ etc. — Throughout the en- tire year, until after the middle of April, 1919, the exhibition halls of the department were closed to the public and the exhibition collec- tions made wholly inaccessible by giving over the building to the use of the War Risk Bureau. When again they became available at the date mentioned, the first objective was their restoration to their Report of U. S. National Museum. 1919. Plate 3. EEPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. 103 pre-war condition. Hence the cases were, for the most part, simply shifted back to their original positions, without attempting any serious rearrangement, the accumulation of dust removed, and dis- placed specimens readjusted. This work is not yet fully completed. The collection of gems, as noted elsewhere, it was decided to entirely rearrange and catalogue, a work which is still in progress. In the paleontological halls only, have important changes been made, to con- form to the " open aisle " arrangement of the other divisions of the de- partment. The general appearance of these halls is much improved as a result. Under the present arrangement the exhibits are better sys- tematized and of greater value from an educational standpoint. In the hall of invertebrate paleontology an educational series showing the characteristic fossils and rocks of each geological period occupies the north side; a line of low-standing exhibits, illustrating strati- graphic paleontology, extends through the center, while a series of high cases along the south side contains the characteristic fossils of each group of the animal kingdom arranged in biological order. In this hall, therefore, three distinct aspects of paleontology are pre- sented, and the arrangement of the cases is such that now, as in the other halls, the visitor, by merely passing through the center aisle, can gain at a glance an idea of its entire contents. All of the large vertebrate exhibits have been thoroughly cleaned and renovated, faded labels replaced, and cases cleaned and in some instances rearranged. The newly completed free mount of the skeleton of Diraeirodon gigas has been installed, and, being beyond question the most perfect skeleton of its kind anywhere displayed and the only one thus ar- ticulated, it forms a striking addition to the exhibits (see pi. 3). A similar arrangement to that in the hall of invertebrate paleon- tology has been made of the cases in the paleobotanical hall, where a broad, uninterrupted aisle throughout the entire length affords the open aspect. Exhibits of fossil plants of general interest are now placed along the south wall, while standard upright cases along the north side contain the stratigraphic series. The closing of the exhibition halls during the greater part of the year afforded an unusual opportunity for work on the study and duplicate collections and for research. This was taken advantage of in all divisions of the department. In the division of systematic and applied geology much time was devoted to the preparation of 100 sets of 21 specimens each, illustrating the secular decay of rocks and intended primarily for distribution to agricultural schools. - The work of preparing 100 sets of ores and minerals has made considerable progress, but as this must be done at odd moments and no special funds can be applied to it, progress is necessarily slow. Over one- ' 104 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. half of the specimens have been assembled, numbered, labeled, and wrapped, ready for packing. The study series in physical geologj^ has been rearranged, but some work still remains to be done in the way of cleaning and labeling. To make space for some of the larger objects of the war col- lections the miscellaneous large masses of iron ore that have for years lain at the west front of the arts and industries building were transferred to the east side of the natural history building. The arrangement can not be said to be satisfactory, and it is recom- mended that space be prepared for them along the adjoining curb to the east. A series of wall charts, or labels, giving the salient features of dis- tribution and genesis of the principal metals has been completed. The subjects include gold, silver, copper, lead and zinc, and iron, each chart being hung on the wall adjacent to the case in which the material characterized is exhibited. Systmatic research, under the conditions imposed upon a head curator, naturally progresses but slowly. Incidental to his work sundry preliminary publications have been made, practically all relating to meteorites. A second report on the investigations under a grant from the J. Lawrence Smith fund of the National Academy of Science is in press, and two comprehensive papers dealing with the history of geological science in America are pending. Much of the head curator's time was devoted to activities in con- nection with the war, brief mention of which was made in last year's report. While not strictly research on the collections, it is thought advisable to insert here a summary of this work. Early in the spring of 1918 there unexpectedly arose a demand on the part of the naval experimental station at New London, Connecti- cut, for a considerable quantit}^ of clear quartz crystals. As the Mu- seum's supply was not sufficient, the head curator was authorized to visit the principal museums and cities of various States in an effort to procure a larger quantity, and was later requested to secure any suita'ble quartz that might come under his observation during a prospective trip into North Carolina. Shortly after the National Research Council asked that he assume the responsibility of finding a sufficient supply of the needed material from whatever sources might be found available. The matter was, therefore, taken up systematically through correspondence, and at the same time, through the interposition of Secretary Walcott and the State De- partment, information was sought regarding the supply that might be obtained from Brazil. The results of the work can best be EEPOKT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. 105 summed up in the final report made to the chairman of the National Research Council, which is given in part below: November, 25, 1918. Sir: Assuming that with the signing of the armistice with Germany my services as special agent for the purcliase of quartz for supersonic purposes will be no longer in demand I beg leave to makH> the following report : Acting in accordance with instructions from Secretary Walcott, and at the request of Chief Signal Officer Squier and Colonel Millikan, dated February 1, 1918, I left Washington on February 5, proceeding to Rochester and Albany, New York ; Boston and Cambridge, Massachusetts ; New York City ; and Phila- delphia in search of the desired material among private collectors and in pub- lic museums. The available supply from all sources was disappointingly small, but a couple of hundred pounds or such a matter. Incidentally, how- ever, there was found in the hands of Tiffany & Co. approximately 900 pounds of Brazilian material, which was subsequently disposed of to the New York subcommittee of the National Research Council. On May 10, under the same joint authorization, I proceeded to western North Carolina, visiting all the principal localities known to have furnished materials of the quality desired, and was able to secure several hundred pounds, of which perhaps 300 pounds were found to be of a quality suitable for cutting. The combined results of these two trips were delivered under proper authorization to Maj. R. W. Wood of Johns Hopkins University ; to Profs. Geo. B. Pegram and H. W. Farwell of Columbia University ; and Prof. Geo. E. Hale of Pasadena, California. Some 200 pounds of material now in the National Museum and of doubtful value still awaits disposal. It having become evident that sufficient supply was not available in North Carolina, among dealers, museums, or private collectors, a somewhat exten- sive correspondence was entered into with parties who were thought likely to be in a position to assist in all sections of the coimtry and in South America, and I was able to locate two lots of material imported from Brazil, one of 3,500 to 4,000 pounds in the hands of W. J. Kindgen of the Mineral Products Co., and the second of 3,368 pounds in the hands of Adolph Hirsch Co., both of New York. * * :(: 4: * ^ 1: In view of the possible difficulties of further importation of material from this source, it was deemed advisable to thoroughly investigate the resources of our o^Ti country, and Prof. Austin F. Rogers of Stanford, California, was authorized * * * to look into the resources of that State. Professor Rogers visited the most promising localities, found nothing immediately avail- able, and, in vi^ of the importance of the matter, recommended that steps be taken toward reopening an old gold mine on Mokeliamne Hill which was reported to have furnished excellent material while in active operation some years ago. Further correspondence developed uncertainty both as to the expense of re- opening the mine and the probabilities of its yielding the material and also some question as to authorities in control. I therefore did not recommend the undertaking. In view of what I have to state below, I now advise strongly against it, believing such would be a very unwise and wasteful proceeding. Very early in my work T took steps toward gaining information regarding the Brazilian sources of these quartzes, going so far as to have the Secretary of the Smithsonian ask the State Department to investigate the matter through 106 REPORT OF NATIONAL, MUSEUM, 1&19. the various consular agents. A portion of the reply * * * i inclose here- with. You will perceive from this that there is ample supply of material at present available, and which, now that the war is over and if steps are taken within a reasonable length of time, can be landed in New York long before the approximate 900 pounds of crystals now on hand will be exhausted. It should be noted further that there still remain in the hands of the Hirsch Co. up- wards of 7,500 pounds of material, a portion of which is ceii:ainly of a quality suitable for the desired uses. Incidentally it may be mentioned that the workroom of the depart- ment was placed at the disposal of the experimental station through- out the period that the Museum was occupied by the War Risk Bureau. The offer, though tendered by Secretary Walcott, was not, however, accepted. To the above may be added the statement that the head of the department seems still to be regarded by the Government as an expert on building stones, and subject to call for advice vvdienever occasion arises. No facilities whatever for acquiring the necessary information or experience are afforded, however, except as he may undertake personally and at his own expense. It may be added here that no better illustration of the practical value of a museum could be desired than that afforded during the past two years under the exigencies of war. From the first evidences of trouble until the close of hostilities the department was subject to call for material for experimental purposes, particularly along the lines of electricity, radioactivity, light and sound transmission, from all branches of the Government, the Geophysical Laboratory, and numerous private investigators. These demands were not infre- quently for quality of material and in quantities that seriously im- poverished the Museum's supply, and for one particular mineral it culminated in the authorization which has been explained in detail above. Further, it was fortunate that the Museum methods (lines of procedure through which the supplying of these materials was made possible) were fully mapped out, though, through lack of means, not carried out in detail. It is safe to state, however, that the depart- ment met satisfactorily every reasonable demand made upon it dur- ing this trying period, and this notwithstanding a diminished work- ing force, and collections in part almost inaccessible through the occupancy of the halls by the War Risk Bureau. Since the resignation of Dr. Edgar T. Wlierry, assistant curator, in August, 1917, no systematic work in the division of mineralogy and petrology has been possible. The collections have, nevertheless, been drawn upon heavily for research materials, as already indi- cated, but no radical changes or additions have been made, and all suggestions left for the new incumbent, Mr. William F. Foshag, who took charge of the division on June 27, only four days before the closing of the fiscal year. REPORT OF NATIONAL, MUSEUM, 1919. 107 The collection of gems and precious stones it is deemed advisable to separate from the mineral collections and the work of recata- logiiing, weighing-, and measuring has been placed in the hands of Miss Margaret Moodey, recorder, in addition to her other duties. Naturally the work must progi'ess slowly, but it is being done very satisfactorily. In the division of paleontology preparatory work on the remain- der of the material collected by Secretary Walcott's party during the field season of 1917 was completed. Other work undertaken in his laboratory was the preparation of the Middle Cambrian algae and sponges, the study of which has been the secretary's principal scientific work during the year. His paper on the Appendages of Trilobites was completed and issued in December, 1918. The curator. Dr. R. S. Bassler, devoted much time to placing in final condition the thousands of types and thin sections figured in Bulletin 106 of the United States National Museum, in proof read- ing, and other work incidental to this and other paleontological papers in course of publication by the Museum. His special in- vestigations have been directed toward the completion of a mono- graph on the Late Tertiary Bryozoa of North America, in collabora- tion with M. Ferdinand Canu, of Versailles, France, and to the determination of the geological horizon of numerous rock samples from, deep-well drillings at various points along the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains, submitted for report by the United States Geological Survey and other Government bureaus. This latter work was part of the war activities, undertaken in order to determine the underground geolog}' and to locate the water zones and the geological horizons of other economically important materials. As the bryozoans can be determined from microscopic fragments, they often prove to be the only class of fossils preserved in these borings which can be used in such work. A purely scientific result was the practical com- pletion of the monograph mentioned above. This, with its com- panion work on the Early Tertiary Bryozoa of North America, com- pletes the study of the group. Doctor Bassler has also completed a volume on the geology and paleontology of the Cambrian and Ordovician systems of Maryland, under the joint auspices of the Geological Survey of that State and the United States National Museum. Most of the paleontological material upon which the report is based is in the collections of the National Museum. Dr. C. E. Eesser has assisted in a general rearrangement of the Lower and Middle Ordovician stratigraphic collections, and spent much time in the preparation and placing of materials ac- quired during the year. All of the Cambrian study collections, ex- clusive of those under the direct charge of Secretary Walcott, which 108 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. are in the Smithsonian Building, have now been classified and as- sembled. Doctor Resser continued work on his bibliographic index of Cambrian fossils, but its completion was delayed in order to devote more time to a study of the Upper Cambrian rocks and fossils of the upper Mississippi Valley, in which he is collaborating with Dr. E. O. Ulrich, of the United States Geological Survey and asso- ciate in palentology, United States National Museum. Sufficient progress has been made on the latter to lead to the hope that it can be completed during the coming fiscal year. In addition to the work just mentioned, Doctor Ulrich has ex- tended his studies on fossil crinoids to a monographic treatment of all Ordovician crinoids in the Museum collection. Several hundred species have been determined and described, but the illustrations are still in course of preparation. Mr. Frank Springer, associate in paleontology, on account of personal duties, was absent a large part of the year in New Mexico, from whence, however, he directed the work of his assistants, who were engaged in preliminary work looking to the preparation of a descriptive catalogue of his collection of fossil echinoderms. He hopes for the issue in the early fall of his monograph on the Cri- \ioidea Flexibilia. Dr. T. W. Stanton reports that the important collection of Cre- taceous invertebrates from Coon Creek, Tennessee, obtained from Mr. Bruce Wade last year, has been prepared for final preservation by Mr. Williard. It proved to contain a much larger amount of valuable material than was estimated, being especially rich in gas- tropods and pelecypods of many species. Dr. W. H. Dall reports that the most important work on the Ter- tiary collections has been carried out by the generous assistance of Mr. W. E. Crane, who has overhauled the entire collection of foreign Tertiary moUusks, put it in order, written thousands of labels, iden- tified hundreds of specimens, and added, incidentally, from his own stores several hundred species not previously contained in the Museum collection. This work has long been needed, but the pres- sure of more immediate matters has obliged postponement. Doctor Dall further reports that the work of indexing the Teritiary col-' lections is nearly complete. He has prepared a brief report upon fossils from the Pribilof Islands, and a check list of recent and Pleistocene marine mollusks of the west American coast from San Diego, California, to the Arctic coast was completed, summing up the researches of niany years. A summary of observations on Alaskan volcanoes, made during his coast survey work there, was published in the Scientific Monthly. A complete revision of the recent and Tertiary Brachiopoda was made, and the collection arranged, labeled, and indexed. REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. 109 Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell has completed a monograph on fossil insects from the oil-bearing shales of the west, based on material belonging to the Museum. The chief value of the work lies in the fact that insects are the most characteristic fossils of these oil shales. Dr. Edwin Kirk, paleontologist of the United States Geological Surrey, with an office in the Museum building, has aided in the care of the collections by assembling all Paleozoic faunas from the west- ern United States and Alaska and assiuning responsibility for their preservation. His researches in Alaska during the past year resulted in an unrivaled collection from that region. In the section of vertebrate paleontology the free mount of the skeleton of Dimetrodon gigas was finished and placed on exhibition. Work was resumed on the mount of Brontothenumv TiatcTieH^ tempo- rarily laid aside last year, and considerable time has been devoted to cleaning, repairing, and restoring Titanotherium skulls, 15 of which were completed. These will be placed on exhibition as soon as proper case facilities are provided. A skeleton of the primitive Permian reptile Dmdectes 'phaseolinu^ Cope; a skull, lower jaws, and other parts of the skeleton of an extinct, long-snouted porpoise from Chesapeake Beach; and the type specimen of Delphinodon dividum True have also been prepared, the last two having been mounted for exhibition. The skeleton of the huge swimming reptile Tylosaurus^ recently acquired, is also in course of preparation. The preparation of fragmentary^ vertebrate remains designed or suited only for the study series must necessarily be secondary to that of exhibition material. Considerable progress has been made along these lines, particularly with the recently acquired Dimetrodon ma- terial from Texas and the dinosaurian from Canon City, Colorado, Progress has also been made in the preparation of the Cumberland Cave collections, 12 specimens of the fossil peccary Platygonus and several specimens of carnivores, including four fairly good skulls and other pieces representing three new species of the dog family, having been cleaned sufficiently for study. Mr. Gidley's studies of the fossil peccaries from this deposit have been completed and that of the carnivores from the same source begun. Mr. Gidley has also published a brief paper entitled Significance of divergence of the first digit in the primitive mammalian foot. Some progress was also made in continuation of the work on the Fort Union mammals and on the combined investigation of the rodents, living and extinct, the joint work of Mr. Gidley and Mr. Grerritt Miller. Mr. C. W. Gilmore has transmitted to the United States Geological Survey for publication an extended paper on the reptilian faunas of the Torrejon, Puerco, and underlying Cretaceous formations of San Juan County, New Mexico. He has also submitted a short paper on the newly mounted skeleton of Dimetrodon gigas, with notes on 110 EEPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. the skeletal anatomy, and a paper describing new fossil turtles, with notes on described species. He has continued work on the mono- graphic study of the carnivorous dinosaur materials in the National Museum collections, and it is hoped that this long delayed paper can be brought to completion during the coming year. Dr. F. H. KnoM^lton has supervised the work of arranging and labeling of the collections of Mesozoic and Cenozoic plants. He has completed a memoir on geologic climates in which the paleobotanic data was based on the study collections of the Museum, and has fin- ished a bibliographic catalogue of Mesozoic and Cenozoic plants of North America, which is now in course of publication by the United States Geological Survey. Mrs. Eula D. McEwan, aid. resigned early in the fiscal year, but with the appointment of Miss Lucile Simpson as her successor, active work on the plant collections was resumed. Besides assisting in gen- eral exhibition work, Miss Simpson has assembled all of the type specimens of Tertiary plants and arranged them in final Museum form. This particular collection is now located in one room and the work is up to date. As in previous years, the collections have been studied by nu- merous workers not connected with the Institution, and the methods of installation, recording, and general system of management have been matters of investigation by those engaged in or about to enter upon similar work elsewhere. Among the more prominent of these were the members of the British Educational Commission ; Prof. A. F. Foerste, of Dayton, Ohio; Maj. C. J. Hamlin, director of the Buffalo Society of Natural History; Prof. G. D. Harris, Ithaca, New York; Dr. S. B. Howell, Princeton University; Dr. E. Ruede- mann, of the New York State Museum; Dr. Thomas L. Watson, State geologist of Virginia; Mr. Barnum Brown, of the American Museum of Natural History ; Dr. Roy L. Moodie, of the University of Illinois; Prof. E. W. Berry and Dr. Harvey Bassler, of Johns Hopkins University; Miss Carlotta J. Maury, Dr. J. L. Wortman, and Dr. O. P. Hay. Present condition of the collectio7is. — Both the exhibition and study series in the division of systematic and applied geology are in fairly good condition as regards arrangement, labeling, and rec- -orcls. The division of mineralogy is, however, greatly behind and will require much care and attention to bring it back to its original standard. In the division of paleontology, both the study and exhibition col- lections are now in better condition than ever before, although the amount of material received for permanent preservation each year exceeds the ability of the force to place it in final museum form. The collections are, however, accessible for reference, and while REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. Ill there are a number of gaps in the series, it is hoped they may shortly be filled. Field explorations. — The principal expedition of the year was that of Secretary Walcott during the field season of 1918 in the Canadian Rockies of British Columbia and Alberta, with the object of find- ing an Upper Cambrian fauna, and also ascertaining if there was any considerable variation on the strike of the Cambrian formations from the section along the Bow Valley northward. Nothing was discovered of importance with relation to the Upper Cambrian fauna and no material change found in the formations as far as the Sas- katchewan River. A large number of photographs were taken, illus- trating the stratigraphy and the scenery of the upper Bow Valley, also the area in the vicinity of Wolverine Pass, about 30 miles south of Lake Louise. Explorations for large objects to illustrate the various phases of structural geology and stratigraphic paleontology were continued during the summer of 1918 by Dr. R. S. Bassler, curator. Field work was started in the Cretaceous and Tertiary rocks of New Jersey, where glauconite, calcareous marl, and numerous fossils were ob- tained. The Lancaster and Cumberland Valleys of Pennsylvania and Maryland were then explored and several large specimens illustra- ting folding and faulting and attendant phenomena were found. The east front of the Alleghany Mountains of Maryland afforded some very interesting blocks of fault breccia in which recementation had occurred, in one case by silica and in another l^y iron ore. Exam- ples of these were shipped to the Museum and are now ready for exhibition. Following this work in the Appalachians, Doctor Bass- ler spent some tim.e in Kentucky and Indiana locating exhibition material and collecting fossils. The most important shipment from this region was a layer of limestone so carved out by underground water that it can be used to illustrate cave formation in miniature. Dr. E. O. Ulrich spent the field season of 1918 in stratigraphic and paleontologic work on the Upper Cambrian rocks of the upper Mississippi Valley. Important collections of fossils and several large exhibition specimens resulted from his work. Distribution and exchcmge of specimens. — ^There have been pre- pared and sent out from the department 385 specimens, in 8 lots as gifts; 245 in 12 lots as exchanges; and 2,846 in 20 lots as loans for study or to be consumed in scientific research. In addition, 6 sets of invertebrate fossils, aggregating 281 specimens, have been dis-- tributed to schools. _^-*--^t'''l-^-*'"' ' --^ — REPORT ON THE DIVISIONS OF TEXTILES AND MEDICINES AND THE SECTIONS OF WOOD TECHNOLOGY AND FOODS, By F. L. Lewton, Curator of Textiles. 1. General administration of divisions and sections. — Owing to the necessity of emphasizing certain lines of work due to the war activi- ties of the countrv, and the fact that two assistant curators from this office had entered the military service, the attention of the curator has very largely been directed to war work and war-time exhibits, and to keeping active the work of the absent assistant curators. These conditions have preveiited any very well defined plans of administra- tion from being carried out. lA. Accessions of the year. — The accessions received during the year numbered 76, 9 less than the preceding year, and without count- ing the large number of unlisted specimens included in the exhibit of the Medical Department of the United States Army, comprised 884 entries, which are 648 less than were received in the fiscal year 1918. These entries may be divided into five groups, as follows : Textiles 183, medicines 293, woods 3, foods 336, and organic products 69; each group, with the exception of foods, showing fewer entries than last year. The smaller number of entries not only shows that the at- tention of the curator and assistant curators was given to many things outside of their special work, but also the disturbance of war- time conditions upon time and attention of all of the Museum's contributors. A large number of business firms were giving their whole attention to supplying the war needs of the Government, and could not be expected to devote time or to assist in building up the Museum's collections. Under these conditions the showing made is better than could reasonably be expected. Accessions of importance. — By far the most important ac^iession was that covering the material transferred from the Office of the Sui'geon General, War Department. This collection consists of ap- paratus, hospital appliances, and field equipment used by the medi- cal department, including the dental and sanitary divisions in the war with Germany, 1917-18, and includes examples of all the kinds of equipment used in a 1,000-bed overseas hospital. The greater part of this material may easily be arranged for exhibit purposes into six groups: The furniture and appliances used in the ward for the care of the sick and wounded; X-ray apparatus for the examina- tion of the wounded; apparatus and instruments used in the gen- 143943°— 20 8 113 114 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1U19. eral operating room; the equipment for sterilization of bandages, instruments, etc., the apparatus and instruments used in operating a dental clinic and laboratory ; and various types of equipment used in the field to preserve the health of the soldier and care for the wounded. To this last group belong two large specimens on wheels which have a general interest: The liberty kitchen, for preparing and serving hot food to the men on the front line; and a portable disinfector, capable of disinfecting the clothing and bedding of a company of men by means of live steam, formaldehyde, or ammonia gas. Several important accessions received during the year represent gifts of specimens and books for the historical section of the divi- sion of medicine. Included in the plan for illustrating the develop- ment of the healing arts were exhibits intended to demonstrate the fundamental principles of different schools of medicine. To the average person health and disease are terms which define conditions, one desirable and the other to be avoided. Little thought is given the problems which perplex scientists and divide the medical profes- sion into great factions and schools. Inquiry is often made, how- ever, concerning the salient features of the different schools of medi- cine, and the division of medicine has undertaken the task of illus- trating the history and principles of the more important of these schools by means of specimens, charts, and photographs. In pre- paring these exhibits the Museum assumes a neutral attitude so far as the relative merits of one school compared with another is concerned, the object being to show the most conspicuous and dis- tinguishing features, so that a comparison of each series of speci- mens would demonstrate wherein the schools differ in theory and practice. A beginning has been made with exhibits to illustrate homeopathy and the eclectic school. The opportunity thus offered was brought to the attention of The American Institute of Home- opathy by Dr. W. A. Dewey of the Homeopathic Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Doctor Dewey was designated to cooperate with the ISIuseum in the work, and much credit is due him for the valuable assistance which he has rendered. Additions to the collections b}'- gift through his efforts are as follows: From Doctor Dewey, 23 specimens of photographs, engravings^ etc., Boericke & Tafel (Inc.), Philadelphia, Permsylvania, 123 specimens of chemical, mineral, metallic, Acgetablc, and animal pharmaceutical products in the different forms in which they are administered, namely, tinctures, dilutions, globules, tablets, disks, and pellets, and four colored plates of medicinal plants with de- scriptive texts, together with a small model of the Washington Hahnemann Monument; Dr. J. B. Gregg Custis, of Washington, REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. 115 District of Coiunibia, an original letter written by Hahnemann, and 15 volumes of the Transactions of the American Institute of Home- opathy. The Museum is also indebted to the following persons for the contribution of books relating to homeopathic medicine: Dr. John H. Wilms, Cincinnati, Ohio, for King's History of Homeopathy, in four volumes; Dr. John C. Calhoun, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, for Millspaugh's I^Iedicinal Plants, in two volumes; Dr. William E. Leonard, Minneapolis, Minnesota, for Lindsley's Homeopathic Bibliography of the United States, Ameke's History of Homeopathy, and Cleave's Biographical Cyclopaedia of Home- opathic Physicians and Surgeons; Dr. William Boericke, San Francisco, California, for a copy of Boericke's Compend of the Principles of Homeopathy; Mr. F. L. Lewton, Washington, District of Columbia, for the twelfth edition of Laurie and McClatchey's Homeopathic Domestic Medicine; and Dr. F. M. Dearborn, New York City, for Dearborn's Diseases of the Skin. Through the cooperation of Dr. John Uri Lloyd, of Cincinnati, Ohio, 23 volumes of the Transactions of the National Eclectic Medi- cal Association were donated for the exhibit of eclectic medicine, by Dr. Joseph A. Munk, of Los Angeles, California. The exhibition series arranged to illustrate a few of the more important medicinal plants was increased by the gift from Parke, Davis & Co., Detroit, Michigan, of 17 specimens of official prepara- tions of opium products recognized in the United States Pharmaco- poeia and National Formulary ; 18 specimens of official preparations containing nux vomica or its products, contributed by Sharp & Dohme, Baltim.ore, Maryland ; a specimen of nux vomica and seven specimens of alkaloids and alkaloidal salts, the gift of Merck & Co., New York City, and from Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, In- diana, a specimen of cascara sagrada bark and four specimens of its official preparations. The medicinal form series which was arranged to show the ma- terial forms in which medicinal substances are used and prepared for administration was increased by 15 specimens of organic and inorganic chemicals, the gift of Chas, Pfizer & Co. (Inc.), New York City. For the exhibit of pharmaceutical equipment, the Torsion Balance Co., of New York City, contributed a torsion counter balance, a torsion prescription balance, and sets of weights of different types. Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, Indiana, also contributed three asep- tic metal pocket cases for physicians, one for bacterial vaccines, another for hypodermic tablets, and the third for ampoules for hy- podermic injection, all of them complete with syringe and needles. 116 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. The most important accession of textile specimens received during the year was a collection of thirty-one samples of pile fabrics andamohju automobile rug, contributed by Sidney Blumenthal & Co, (Inc.), of New York City, in addition to the numerous specimens from their looms already on exhibition. These beautiful fabrics for dress and upholstery use, comprise all silk chiffon velvets ; fur fabrics of mohair and artificial silk, made in imitation of mole, fox, beaver, and seal furs; novelty dress fabrics of artificial silk and combinations of wool, artificial silk, schappe silk, tussah, and cotton. The specimens com- prising this accession were carefully chosen, and though difficult to install, present a very fine appearance. To the Hewlett & Hockmeyer Co. (Inc.), New York City, the Museum is indebted for ten specimens of cotton corduroys, twilled suitings, and leather cloth; the last-named being adapted for army trench coats, submarine coats, aviators' costumes, pocketbooks, and military novelties. Other types of waterproof textiles extensively used during the war with Germany were included in a series of coated cotton fabrics and articles made therefrom, which were contributed by the Standard Textile Products Co., New York City. H. E. Mallinson & Co. (Inc.) , New York City, replaced the samples of printed silk dress goods, formerly contributed by them, with four- teen specimens of their " La Victoire " silks illustrating the influence of the war upon textile design. From J. A. Migel (Inc.), also of New York City, were received two specimens of novelty dress silks. The Museum's collection of oriental shawls has been enriched by the acquisition of two cashmere shawls of wonderful beauty due to the unusualness of the patterns and exceptionally fine workmanship, one received as a loan from Mrs. Ralph Cross Johnson, and the other deposited by Mrs. C. D. Walcott, both of Washington, District of Columbia. A popular exhibit and one which attracted a great deal of attention, contributed by S. B. & B. W.Fleisher, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, was of timely intrest, for the reason that it was received at a time when the American Red Cross, by various methods of publicity, were pointing out to the women of the United States a method by which they could be of service to their country and add to the comfort and welfare of American soldiers, who were enduring hardships g^nd dangers of warfare on land and sea, by knitting articles of wearing apparel. This exhibit consists of a series of knitting and crocheting yarns of wool, wool and silk mixtures, and mohair, in various weights, together with a crocheted or knitted square of each specimen, to show the different pattern stitches. Also handmade garments for both per- sonal and service wear, as well as afghans and a blanket. For the purpose of calling attention to the importance and wide REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. 117 uses of a number of native American plants, space in exhibit cases for specimens and products of potatoes, peanuts, corn, and beans ■was provided. The scarcity of fats and oils for food purposes called for the preparation of exhibits pointing out neglected sources of supply of this necessary class of foods. In addition to the transfer from the Department of Agriculture and the United States Food Administra- tion of 149 samples of food products, models of fruits and vege- tables, photographs and charts, specimens of food products were contributed by the following firms : J. B. Worth Co., Petersburg, Virginia, commercial varieties of raw peanuts; the Hauck Food Products Corporation, Kingston, New York, samples of peanut oil, peanut oil foots and grease; Beech-Xut Packing Co., Canajoharie, New York, peanut butter; the Soj'-Lac Food Products Co., London, Ontario, soy bean prod- ucts; California Associated Eaisin Co., Fresno, California, raisin seed products; Boyer Oil Co., New York City, commercial oil seeds; The Southern Cotton Oil Co., New Orleans, Louisiana, samples of cottonseed oil; Essenkay Products Co., Chicago, Illinois, rubber sub- stitute articles made from vulcanized corn oil. The most important accessions of miscellaneous exhibit material derived from animal and vegetable sources received during the year, were a collection of industrial oils from Spencer Kellogg & Sons (Inc.), Buffalo, New York; chemicals used in the production of cellu- lose acetate from raw cotton, contributed by the Chemical Company of America, New York City; a series of specimens showing the by- products obtained in the production of oil from cotton seed, a gift from the Southern Cotton Oil Co., New Orleans, Louisiana; a rubber poncho made in Guatemala and coated with pure "Ule" gum, the gift of Mr. Wilson Popenoe, Washington, District of Columbia; and a series of twenty-nine specimens illustrating the manufacture of casein glue for waterproofing aircraft, which was transferred from the DepartmxCnt of Agriculture. IB. Work on the collections and sfeciaZ researches. — At the begin- ning of the fiscal year an extensive exhibit illustrating the produc- tion, classification, and conservation of foods was undertaken at the request of the Food Administration, under the direction of the curator of textiles. The rotunda in the Arts and Industries Building was temporarily assigned for this special exhibit to show the classification, use, and conservation of foods. This was opened to the public on November 1, 1918, and attracted a great deal of attention. After the closing of the activities of the LTnited States Food Administration, the exhibit was moved to another hall. 118 REPORT OF ITATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. In order to make the food exhibits as useful as possible, and to bring them to the attention of a large number of people, a coopera- tive arrangement was entered into with the States Relations Service of the Department of Agriculture, whereby regular demonstrations on the value, use, and preparation of different classes of foods were given at the Museum by experts from the Department of Agriculture. Under this arrangement a large room was furnished in the Arts and Industries Building as a demonstration kitchen, and exhibit space provided for foods, models, museum specimens, and household equip- ment. Classes and demonstrations for housekeepers were held in the mornings and afternoons, and for war workers employed in the Gov- ernment service special classes were held at 5 o'clock in the after- noon. Through the work carried on in this room over 2,100 persons were reached during the year. The work of the demonstration kitchen very soon broadened so that its name was changed to " House- hold Consultation Center," and the lectures and demonstrations given there included a wide range of subjects. Of the more important lectures and demonstrations given in addition to the class instruc- tion, the following may be mentioned : Lectures : Business of the Household. Food for the Family on $2 per Day. Direct Marketing. What Becomes of the Consumer's Dollar? What Do You Give Your Children to Eat? Milk, its Nutrition and Use. Meat Substitutes. Housekeepers' Use of Market Schedules. The Influence of Weave Structure upon the Durability of Fabrics. Demonstrations : Labor Saving Appliances for the Kitchen. Fireless Cooker. Pressure Cooker. Electric Washing Machine. Dried Milk Powder. Preserving Eggs. One Dish Meal. Cooking Dinner in 30 INIinutes. Invalid Cookery. Christmas Sweets. Sugarless Candies. Fruit Juices in Summer Drinks. The east and south sides of the gallery of the east hall containing the exhibition collections of the division of medicine were opened to the public since the writing of the last report, and great efforts have been made to fill all the space available. Many of the exhibits arranged for are still incomplete owing to disturbed business conditions. The REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. 119 series to illustrate the homeopathic and eclectic schools of medicine have been greatly benefited by the gift of a number of rare books dealing with these subjects. All the books assigned to the division of medicine, \Yhether specimens for exhibition or reference works, have been catalogued, both by author and subject, which will greatly facilitate their use by students. Where these volumes have not been needed as exhibits they have been placed with the books on pharmacy, materia medica, and therapeutics, which were transferred last year from the Hygienic Laboratory. Numerous visitors made inquiry at the curator's office concerning special information suggested by the exhibits, and made particular use of the technical books in the sectional library. Mrs. Laura Allen, for many 3'ears teacher of hand-loom weaving at the Mechanics Institute, Rochester, New York, spent several weeks studying the textile collections and the technical books in the sec- tional library. She gave valuable assistance in the construction of a hand loom for demonstration purposes.. Mrs. George C. Zwiebel, of Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, devoted several days to studying the collections and technical books dealing with the following subjects: Artificial pearls, utilization of trade waste, and dehydration of foods. Assistance was rendered by the curator from time to time during the year to the Salvage Board, Bureau of Ordnance, War Department, and the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Department of Commerce, in furnishing special information on industrial raw materials and the identification of specimens. The identification of specimens of fibers, fabrics, gums, resins, seeds, and woods for nu- merous individuals, both in and out of the Government service, has been a regular part of the work of this division. The curator has furnished the identification of the cottons intro- duced by the Office of Foreign Seed and Plant Introduction and Dis- tribution, and for inquirers outside of the Government service he has made bibliographical compilations on the hydrogenation of oils, phosphorus content of foods, composition of baking powders, con- servation of sugar, a list of illustrations of the use and preparation of coffee in olden times, use of ozone as a disinfectant and bleaching agent, use of bezoars in medicine, and the siliceous substance found in bamboos. 2. Wo7'k of fre'parators^ modelers^ etc. — Modeling. — Four models were completed during the year in the laboratory of the division. The most important of these is a model covering a space, 9 by 12 feet, illustrating the wood pulp and paper industry, on a scale of one-forty-eighth actual size. This model shows the reduction of logs of wood by two separate processes into mechanical and chemical wood pulp, and the manufacture of this into print paper. In con- 120 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 191&. nection with the chemical pulp, the model also illustrates the manu- facture of sulphuric acid. The second model is 2. by 4 feet, and was made to illustrate the manner of distilling oil of sweet birch in Tennessee and North Carolina. Two small models, showing the reclamation of arid land, were made for the Interior Department. Installing. — The time of the preparators has been fully occupied in indexing, cataloguing, and installing new exhibits and in rear- ranging some of the older ones. The textile exhibits received during the year have been promptly acknowledged, accessioned, and cata- loged, and most of them are installed. The installation work done on the five cases of plush and upholstered goods is especially credit- able, for this material is heavy and requires great skill in its hang- ing and arrangement. The cases containing dress silks, shawls, and knitted fabrics, each presented different problems for solution. Several thousand samples in the study collection of textiles were dated, mounted on cards, and classified, and an exhibit of small samples showing typical weave structures was made. The 10-saw cotton gin, which has always been an object of great interest to visitors, particularly the school children, was overhauled and as much as possible of the wood and iron work replaced by glass, so that the method of removing the cotton fiber from the seeds can be clearly seen. In the division of medicine, four new exhibits were installed, and the cases containing the study collections were rearranged so as to separate them from the workroom where new material is held pending identification, labeling, and installation. The anatomical jars containing the glands and glandular tissues obtained from slaughtered animals were replaced by rectangular containers, and fresh Francis's preser\'ing solution supplied. In the absence of the assistant curator, section of wood technology, no new installation was completed other than the setting up and casing of the large model illustrating the manufacture of wood-pulp paper. Considerable time was given to the arrangement and installa- tion of the food exhibits. These were contained in 20 upright floor cases arranged in a circle around the rotunda, and radiating from the statue in the center. Except in a few cases where the foods were placed in shallow glass saucers or were left in original packages, the specimens other than liquids were placed in rectangular jars, and presented a fine appearance on the glass shelves. Lahelmg. — The labeling of the exhibits in this division has been greatly improved. Case labels have been printed for certain exhibits on the medicine gallery and the wood court. All the giunmed-letter REPORT OF NATIONS. MUSEUM, 1919. 121 labels were gone over and repaired where necessary, and many type- written cards were added. The jars containing the food specimens and those in the exhibit illustrating organotherapy were all newly labeled with gummed letters. Large temporarv^ case labels em- phasizing the importance of food conservation were prepared on the printasigii machine and placed on the ends of the cases forming a circle in the rotunda. Cataloguing. — The cataloguing on cards of the new specimens re- ceived has been kept right up to date, and with the assistance of a temporary cataloguer for a few months the large permanent con- secutive registers have been practically completed, with the excep- tion of that for the section of wood technology. Extracting and indexing. — The examination and indexing of new textile terms and other special information contained in the large number of trade papers and periodicals sent to the section libraries of textiles, woods, medicines, and foods, occupy the time of the preparators when not engaged in other duties. 3. Present condition of the collections. — ^All of the collections under the care of the curator have been carefully inspected for in- sects, and certain materials like wools and foodstuffs have been fumi- gated several times. In several of the halls the light has faded a number of textile specimens, but in most cases these can be replaced. Several of the large panels of Philippine woods have become warped, due to the effects of this climate, while other specimens have checked and split from the same cause. With these exceptions there has been no ma- terial deterioration of the exhibit or study material assigned to this division. 4. Distribution and exchange of specimens. — At the request of the National Library Service, Bureau of Education, Interior Depart- ment, two small models illustrating the reclamation of arid land were made in the laboratory of the division of textiles for the spe- cial exhibition of the work of the Interior Department in May, 1919. These models were made to show the possibilities and value of co- operation between museums and libraries in interesting and educat- ing the public in matters of local importance. REPORT ON THE DIVISION OF MINERAL TECHNOLOGY, By Chkstek G. Gilbert, Curator. Following the declaration of war the customary work of the Divi- sion of Mineral Technology was laid aside, as stated in the last re- port, in favor of special activities having a more direct bearing on the national emergency. As the war progressed the call for speciali- zation on the part of the technical staff of the division increased, till little or no opportunity was left for developing Museum exhibits. By way of exception to this rule, however, participation in the con- servation work of the Fuel Administration resulted in developing plans for an exhibit covering the natural-gas industry. The plans took shape in a remarkably fine model which brings out to advantage the tragic story of how the country's tremendous resources of natural gas have been all but squandered. Another model, the gift of the Midwest Refining Co., which aids in the telling of an altogether similar story for the still greater and more important petroleum re- sources of the country, was also completed and placed on exhibition. Three other accessions of incidental importance, making but 5 in all with a total of 62 catalogue entries, complete the record of addi- tions for the year. Taken in comparison with the 33 accessions and 287 catalogue entries of the preceding year, the showing is indeed meager, but in demonstrating a change of focus to the critical issues of the day this very meagerness is a source of satisfaction rather than regret. For the first six months of the year, while the country was still actively involved on a basis of war, scarcely a day passed without bringing calls from some governmental agency for assistance with reference to one or another industrial issue up for consideration on an emergency rating. The questions ranged from determining a fair price for mica to determining the likelihood of a paralyzing petro- leum shortage, and the work of prejDaring their answers ranged as variously from minutes to months. As the year advanced, how- ever, two absorbing lines of special investigation developed to such a degree that during the latter half of the year they have largely en- grossed the attention of the staff of the division. Their general nature may be gathered from the titles under which the results were issued. One, A Report on the Political and Commercial Control of the Nitrogen Resources of the World,^ represents an effort to un- ravel the complexities of the nitrogen situation left behind in the passing of the war. The other. The Energy Resources, a Field for Re- construction, coordinates and summarizes the, work of several years. 1 This paper, prepared primarily for the information of officials of the Government, •was issued to such onlj^ in a limited mimeograph edition, but it will later appear in print. 123 124 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. The natural gas exhibit ah'eady referred to as the most important accession of the year embodies a new principle in model construc- tion. Heretofore the division's industrial models have been built to a uniform scale, commonly a quarter inch to the foot. This leaves it impossible to bring out the working of small features, however im- portant, whereas large but relatively inconsequential features, such as warehouses, loom up in altogether imdue prominence. With a view to overcoming this objection, the natural gas model was con- structed to a diminishing scale of perspective. Features deserving of prominence or important as to detail, such as the operation of well-drilling, stand in the foreground with the larger and less consequential generalities relegated to the middle distance or back- ground, which latter passes off imperceptibly into a painted landscape carrying on back to the horizon. This newer type of model not only does away with the shortcom- ings attendant on adherence to a uniform scale, but lends an appeal- ing realistic effect. Its manifold advantages proved too great to be ignored in respect to other exhibits already installed, and, after meeting the emergency calls of wartime, the remaining energies were directed to revising the soda, sulphur, and gold exhibits. In particular, the large model designed with a view to depicting the occurrence and mining of gold was practically rebuilt as to topog- raphy and industrial layout. As it now stands this reconstructed gold model represents a beau- tifully realistic expanse of mountain country cut by a river valley and reaching back as far as the eye can see. All manner of gold mining project is disclosed, from the lone miner with his pan in a mountain brook to a battery of giant rams demolishing the land- scape and a great dredge combing the river bottom; from the "pardners" prospecting a little claim nestled away on a mountain side to a great fully equipped lode-mining project. Here, in short, the whole story of gold mining, a month's trip, an accumulation of information beyond the range of more than the merest few specialist engineers, awaits the visitor with a minute or two to spare in passing. The lead exhibit, too, has been notably advanced as to interest and instructiveness in the Course of the year by the addition of a wall chart and systematically grouped specimens, showing the develop- ment of lead products and their uses. Otherwise the industrial ex- hibits in mineral technology stand much as they were when reported on a year ago with only incidental changes here and there. No field work has been carried on; there has been little or no soliciting of materials, and no distributions or exchanges negotiated. In all par- ticulars, so far as practicable, matters of more restrictively museum import were put aside. REPORT OF NATIOiSTAL MUSEUM, 1919. 125 Dr. Joseph E. Pogue, associate curator, was furloiighed to the Fuel Administration on October 1 to assist in formulating a con- servation program with reference to the petroleum resources, and since his return to the division staff in April has continued re- searches on the same subject. Mr. Carl W. Mitman, who was earlier on the division's staff and severed his connection in June, 1917, re- turned to the Museum early in the year and has been devoting his time to furthering the work on the metals, notably lead and gold. Mr. Joseph A. Doj^le, of Xew York, though not regularly asso- ciated on the Museum's staff, contributed so largely of his services that his share in the year's activities deserves special mention in this connection. Much of the credit for what the division has been able to accomplish in its work on the energy resources belongs to Mr. Doyle. Likewise to Mr. Samuel S. Wyer, of Columbus, Ohio, belongs the credit for a large share of the results achieved for natural gas. In conclusion, the work of the division during the past year of national emergency has been largely investigative with reference to special problems, notably the energy resources and the nitrogen situation. To a great extent the results have been contributed in the form of reports for governmental use and are not yet generally available at this writing. Completed researches have, however, re- sulted in the publication of three papers prepared jointly by the two curators, Mr. Chester G. Gilbert and Dr. Joseph E. Pogue, three papers by Doctor Pogue, a paper by Doctor Pogue assisted by Mr. Isador Lubin, and a paper by Mr. Samuel S. Wyer. In " Power : Its significance and needs," Mr. Gilbert and Doctor Pogue develop the general nature of the power situation in this country, where tremendous emphasis is placed on the use of power resulting in a growing burden on transportation and suggest the character of remedial action demanded. Another paper by the same authors, " Petroleum : A resource interpretation," is particularly timely, since of all our important resources petroleum is the most limited and involves the highest percentage of waste, scarcely one-tenth of the value of the resource being recovered under present circumstances, while the unmined supply available under current practice is only about 50 barrels to each person. This is an economic study of the resource and the industry engaged in its development, tracing the causes of waste to certain maladjustments in the economic situation and pointing out how these may be remedied by a constructive economic policy. The desirability of developing shale oil to replace petroleum and the advisability of using benzol and alcohol as substitutes for gasolixie are considered, and the natural-gas industry is also treated. The third paper by the two curators, " The energy resources of the United States: A field for reconstruction," mentioned elsewhere 126 KEPOKT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1910. as coordinating and summarizing the work of several years, contains the substance of the two preceding papers and of an earlier one on coal published last year, together with an introduction and a con- clusion that coordinate the details of the discussion and draw forth the -main issues. It is concluded that the whole matter involves the threefold problem of fuel supply, power supply, and transportation, and that the entire field may be cleared by (1) providing a common- carrier system of electric transmission lines which will {a) lead to a balanced development of coal-power and water-power, and (b) serve as a coordinating influence in stimulating by-product recovery from coal in central power stations and especially in municipal public utility fuel plants; and by (2) applying a constructive economic policy and appropriate legislation to the conditions surrounding petroleum production, so as to bring the method of production into conformance with the geological occurrence of the resource. It is believed that these measures would affect economies offsetting, in large part, the cost of the war, Mr. Wyer in " Natural gas : Its production, service, and conserva- tions," aims to analyze the cause of waste of natural gas — the least appreciated, and, consequently, the most abused of the mineral re- sources in popular use — with a view to pointing the way to adequate remedial measures. Assisted by Mr. Lubin, Doctor Pogue prepared a paper, published by the Fuel Administration and the War Industries Board, entitled " The prices of petroleum and its products during the war," in which is included an evaluation of the price factors peculiar to the ex- ploitation of petroleum; a commercial history of the petroleum in- dustry, and a detailed record and interpretation of the run of prices for petroleum and its products from 1913 to 1918. The three papers solely by Doctor Pogue were published through other than Governmental agencies. Doctor Pogue gives a detailed analysis of the motor-fuel problem in An interpretation of the en- gine fuel situation in the Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers for April, concluding that the automotive engine must so adapt itself as to gain higher thermal efficiency and to use less vola- tile fuel. In "A review of the motor-fuel situation," appearing in Automotive Industries of June 12, 1919, he reviews the limitations and possibilities of the various fuel sources, discusses the interrela- tion of engine and fuel developments, and comments on the essentials of a research organization needed. In his third paper, " The engine- fuel problem," printed by the Society of Automotive Engineers, Doctor Pogue analyzes the motor-fuel problem and urges the forma- tion of a motor-fuel research organization with the threefold function of economic analysis, laboratory research, and industrial coordina- tion. ^ Report of U. S. National Museum, 1919. NORTH OR B WEST RANGE Ground Floor of Natural Histo Plate 4. rREET ENTRANCE EAST RANGE EAST WING Building. United States National Museum. i T fit t Reportcf U. S. National Museum, 1919 WEIST RANGE ^4 First Floor of Natural History Iiilo I iVILION Plate 5. EAST RANGE LDiNG, United States National Museum. r Report of U. S. National Museum, 1919. NORTH 1/1 WEST RANGE WEST WING t n Ml SCALE SO SOUTH P SECOND Floor of Natural History Bui ILION Plate 6. EAST RANGE EAST WING ILION iNG. United States National Museum. Report of U. S. National Museum, 1919. SOUTHEAST PAVILION O H in < UJ NORTHEAST PAVILION MAIN E Floor and Gallery of Arts and Industrie OWER Plate 7. SOUTHWEST PAVILION NORTHWEST PAVILION RANGE JuiLDiNG, United States National Museum. THE MUSEUM STAFF. [June 30, 1919.] Chaeles D. Walcott, Secretary of the Smitlisoiiiau Institution, Keeper ex officio. William deC. Kavenel, Administrative Assistant to the Secretary, in charge of the United States National Museum. SCIENTIFIC STAFF. Department of Anthropology : William H. Holmes, Head Curator. Division of Ethnology: Walter Hough, Curator ; ,T. W. Fewkes, Collabora- tor ; Arthur P. Rice, Collaborator. Division of American Archeology: Neil M. Judd, Curator. Division of Old Word Archeology: I. JI. Casanowicz, Assistant Curator. Division of Physical Anthropology: AleJ5 Hrdlicka, Curator. Division of Mechanical Technology: 11. G. Paine, Aid. Division of Graphic Arts: Paul Brockett, Custodian; Ruel P. Tolioan, Aid. Section of Photography : Loring W. Beeson, Custodian. Division of History: T. T. Belote, Curator ; IMarie V. Schiffer, Aid ; Joseph B. Leavy, Philatelist. Associates in Historic Archeology : Paul Plaupt, Cyrus Adler. Collaborator in Archeology : Philip A. Means. Department of Biology : Leonhard Stejneger, Head Curator ; James E. Benedict, Assistant Curator. Division of Mamtnals: Gerrit S. Miller, jr., Curator. Division of Birds: Robert Ridgway, Curator; Charles W. Richmond, Asso- ciate Curator ; J. H. Riley, Aid ; Edward .T. Brown, Collaborator. Section of Birds' Eggs : Bradshaw H. Swales, Custodian. Division of Reptiles and BatracMuns: Leonhard Stejneger, Curator ; F. N. Blanchard, Aid. Division of Fishes: Barton A. Bean, Assistant Curator. Division of Insects: L. O. Howard, Honorary Curator; J. Id. Aldrich, Asso- ciate Curator ; A. H. Pottinger, Aid ; B. Preston Clark, Collaborator. Section of Hymenoptera : J. C. Crawford, Custodian ; W. M. , ]Mann, Assistant Custodian. Section of Myriapoda : O. F. Cook, Custodian. Section of Diptera : J. M. Aldrich, in charge ; Charles T. Greene, Assist- ant Custodian. Section of Bluscoid Diptera : C. H. T. Townsend, Custodian. Section of Coleoptera : E. A. Schwarz, Custodian. Section of Lepidoptera : Harrison G. Dyar, Custodian ; ^^■illlam Schaus, Assistant Custodian. Section of Orthoptera : A. N. Caudell, Custodian. Section of Hemiptera : Edmund H. Gibson, Custodian. Section of Forest Tree Beetles: A. D. Hopkins, Custodi;in. Division of Marine Invertehraics: Paul Bartsch, Curator; William H. Dall, Honorary Curator of Mollusks ; Waldo L. Schmitt, Assistant Curator ; Austin H. Clark, Assistant Curator ; William B. Marshall, Assistant Curator; C. R. Shoemaker, Aid; Pearl L. Boone, Aid; II. K. Har- ring. Custodian of the Rotatoria ; Harriet Richardson Searle, Colla- borator ; Mary Breen, Collaborator. 127 128 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. Department of Biology — Continued. Division of Marine Lnrerte'brates — Continued. Section of Helmintliological Collections: C. W. Stiles, Custodian; B. H. Ransom, Assistant Custodian. Division of Plants (National Herbarium) : Frederick V. Coville, Honorary Curator ; J. N. Rose, Associate Curator ; W. R. INIaxon, Associate Curator; P. C. Standley, Assistant Curator; Emery C. Leonard, Aid. Section of Grasses : Albert H. Hitchcock, Custodian. Section of Cryptogamic Collections : O. F. Cook, Custodian. Section of Higher Algae : W. T. Swingle, Custodian. Section of Lower Fungi : D. G. Fairchild, Custodian. Section of Diatoms : Albert Mann, Custodian. Associates in Zoology: C. Hart Blcrriam, W. L. Abbott, Mary J, Rathbun. Associate in Botany : John Donnell Smith. Depaktment of Geology: George P. Merrill, Head Curator. Division of Physical and Chemical Oeologij (Systematic and Applied) : George P. Merrill, Curator ; E. V. Shannon, Assistant Curator. Division of Mineralogij and Petrology: F. W, Clarke, Honorary Curator; W. F. Foshag, Assistant Curator; W. T. Schaller, Custodian of Gems and Precious Stones; Frank L. Hess, Custodian of Rare Metals and Rare Earths. Division of Paleontology: R. S. Bassler, Curator; Charles E. Resser, As- sistant Curator. Section of Invertebrate Paleontology : T. W. Stanton, Custodian of Mesozoic Collection ; William H. Dall, Associate Curator of Cenozoic Collection ; T. Wayland Vaughan, Custodian of Madreporarian Corals. Section of Vertebrate Paleontology : Charles W. Gilmore, Associate Curator ; .Tames W. Gidley, Assistant Curator of Fossil Mammals. Section of Paleobotany : David "White, Associate Curator ; F. H. Knowl- ton, Custodian of Mesozoic Plants ; Lucile Simpson, Aid. Associates in Paleontology : Frank Springer, E. O. Ulrich. Associate in Petrology : Joseph P. Iddings. Department of Abts and Industries : William deC. Ravenel, Director. Division of Tertiles: Frederick L. Lewton, Curator. Section of Wood Technology : William M. N. Watkins, Assistant Curator. Division of Medicine : Charles Whitebread, Assistant Curator. Associate in Medicine: James M. Flint, United States Navy (retired). Division of Mineral Technology: Chester G. Gilbert, Curator; Joseph E. Pogue, Curator ; C. W. Mitman, Assistant Curator. National Gallery of Art: William H. Holmes, Curator. ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF. Chief of Correspondence and Documents, H. S. Bryant. Disbursing Agent, W. I. Adams. Superintendent of Buildings and Labor, J. S. Goldsmith. Editor, Marcus Benjamin. Assistant Librarian, N. P. Scudder. Photographer, Loring W. Beeson. Registrar, S. C. Brown. Property Clerk, W. A. Knowles. Engineer, C. R. Denmark. LIST OF ACCESSIONS TO THE COLLECTIONS DURING THE FISCAL YEAR 1918-19. [Except when otherwise Indicated, the specimens were presented or were transferred by bureaus of the Government in accordance with law.] Abbott, Thomas. (See under Bri- tannia Mining Company, Havana, Cuba.) Abbott, Dr. William L., Philadelphia, Pa.: 359 ethnological specinaens, 1 specimen of banana fiber, about 425 mammals, 19 reptiles, 5 marine in- vertebrates, 12 insects, and 929 birds collected in the Celebes by Mr. H. C. Raven (62904) ; 84 birds, 10 eggs, 8 reptiles, 500-|- specimens, 25 species of land and fresh-water shells, 70 insects, 5 specimens of plants, 37 bats, and a miscellaneous lot of bones and 4 archeological specimens, all from Santo Domingo (63531). Abrams, Prof. Le Roy. (See under Leland Stanford .Junior University.) Adams, Miss Elizabeth Ogden, South Lincoln, Mass. : Water-color painting of the Rhone Valley by John M. W. Turner (63739, loan). Adams, J. B., Stuart, Fla. : Skin of great horned ovi^l, Buho virginianus, from Florida (63642). Adrian, Dr. H., Tampico, Tamps, Mexico (through Dr. J. Walter Fewkes) : Pillar stone found at Cerro Cebadilla, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico (63523). Agbicultube, Department of : Bureau of Animal Industry: A se- ries of 29 specimens illustrating the manufacture of casein glue for use in waterproofing air- craft (63216). Bureau of Biological Surve;/: 3 specimens of cacti, Mamillaria, from North Dakota (62.598) ; 10 specimens, 2 species, of mol- lusks and 3 specimens, 2 species, 14.3943°— 20 9 Agriculture, Department of — Contd. of crustaceans from various lo- calities (62661) ; 112 specimens of plants from Florida, col- lected by Mr. A. H. Howell and Mr. C. H. M. Barrett (62664) ; specimen of eel, OpMchthus retropinnis (62705) ; 129 speci- mens of plants from Utah, col- lected by Mr. Ales. Wetmore (62722) ; 2 specimens of plants collected in New Mexico by Dr. A. K. Fisher (62946) ; 30 speci- mens of plants, chiefly from North Carolina (62959) ; collec- tion of alcoholic mammals, birds', reptiles, amphibians, and fishes (63010) ; 124 birds (80 alcoholics and 44 skeletons) from the western United States (63181) ; 23 specimens of birds ( alcoholics and skeletons) (63428) ; 445 specimens, 96 species, of coleoptera ; 675 speci- mens, 17 species, of hymenop- tera ; 50 specimens', 10 species, of diptei-a, and 3 vials of collem- bola (1 type) (63617). Bureau of Clwmistry: Samples- of sugar substitutes and dehydrated foods (63215). Bureau of Entomology : 10 speci- mens of mollusks. Helix (Eupa- rypha) pisana, collected at La Jolla, Calif. (63140) ; type and 24 paratypes of coleoptera, At- tica wood si (63429) ; moUusk, Zonitoide^ niinusciilus, taken by N. Perrine at Arlington Farm, Virginia (63582) ; 3 land shells collected on citrus trees near 129 130 REPORT OF NATIONAL. MUSEUM, IDIQ. Agbictjltuke, Department of — Coutd. Downey, Calif., by R. S. Wog- luui (63579) ; 2 isopod crusta- ceans, AtiuadiUidiuni vnlgare, from boxwood imported from Naardan, Holland, and located at Gude Nursery in Anacostia, D. C. (63747). Office of ExJiihits: Sample ears of various types of sugar corn, and heads of two types of grain sorghums (63213). Federal Horticultural Board: 21 specimens, 2 species, of land shells collected at San Diego, Calif. (63210). Office of Foreign Seed and Plant Introduction: 10 photographs illustrating the manufacture of soy bean products (63214). (See under O. Gay lord Marsh.) Bureau of Plant Industry: 31 specimens of plants from Cali- fornia (62596, 62685, 63149, 63152) ; 108 specimens of plants (62602) ; 2 specimens of plants from South Carolina (63631, 62644) ; 799 specimens of grasses (62655, 62921, 63183) ; 62 speci- mens of grasses from Jamaica (63562) ; 377 specimens of Hawaiian plants collected by Mr. A. S. Hitchcock (62688, 62695, 62923, 63176) ; 4 specimens of plants collected in Colorado by Mr. Hitchcock (62790) ; 15 specimens of plants from ilary- land, collected by Mr. Frederick V. Coville (63112, 63816) ; part of type specimen otJuncus traciji from Utah (62871) ; 2 .speci- mens of plants from the vicinity of Washington, D. C. (62896) ; 3 specimens of plants from Florida (62949, 63477, 63527) ; specimen of fern, Cheilantlies, from Arizona (62955) ; 3 speci- mens of fern from Algeria (62996) ; 25 specimens of plants collected by Mr. R. M. Harper (63114) ; 2 specimens of plants collected in Arizona by Mr. E. Agkiculture, Depaktmekt oe — Cuutd. O. Wooton (63178) ; specimens of seeds, nuts, fruits, and sirups, models of potatoes and apples, and photographs of orchards and field crops (63212) ; 2 speci- mens of plants from Delaware (63390) ; 5 specimens of ferns from Florida, collected by Messrs. J. B. Norton and R. M. Jones (63469) ; specimen of plant from Jamaica (634.50) ; 2 specimens of plants from Texas (63528, 63679) ; through Mr. G. P. Van Eseltine, 2 specimens of Selaginella collected in Cali- fornia by Mr. H. M. Hall (635.59) ; specimen of plant from Honduras, and 2 specimens of plants from Guatemala (63.595, 63673) ; specimen of plant from Mississippi (63862) ; 2 speci- mens of plants from Mexico, collected by Mr. Wilson Popenoe (63686). AiNSLiE, George G., Knoxville, Tenn. : 11 mollusks, Umax maxiimis, from Knoxville. Tenn. (62727). Allen, Mr. Andrew Hussey. (See under Mrs. Abby Knight McLane.) Allen, George R., Chosen Mineral Co., Keijyo, Korea (through Mr. Frank L. Hess) : Specimen of scheelite, largely showing crystal form, and of wolframite, from Korea (63470). American Ambassador to France. (See under France, Government of, French ministry of foreign affairs.) American Ambassador to Italy. (See under Italy, Government of, the min- istry for foreign affairs.) American Committee for Armenian AND Syrian Relief, New York City : 5 posters (63360). American Embassy at London, Eng- land. (See under Great Britain, Government of. ) American Jewish Relief Fund. Washington, D. C. : Poster, " Jew- ish War Sufferers," by Leo Mayer (63361). LIST OF ACCESSIONS. 131 AMiiBiCAN Library Association, Lib- rary of Congress, Wasliiugton, D. C. : 3 posters (63373). American Museum of Natural His- tory, New York City (througli Dr. W. T. Sclialler) : Casts of 4 plat- inum nuggets brought from Russia by Mr. F. W. Draper in 1917 (626S2) ; complete set of casts of the skeleton of a fossil bird, Dia- tryma (63203) ; about 50 specimens of exotic Diptera, most of which are paratypes (63392) ; casts of limb bones of 3 specimens of the fossil primate Xotharctus (63417) ; 4 paratypes as follows: turtle, Clemnvjs nuchaUs; salamander, riethodon yoiwhlossee; 2 lizards. Eremias nitida garnmhcnsis, and Chamaeleon itiiriensis (63622). American Numismatic Society, New York City: Cuban Army insignia (96 specimens) (63410, loan). (See also under J. Sanford Saltus.) American Red Cross, The, Washing- ton, D. C. : 145 posters (6336S). American Red Stab Anijial Relief, National Headquarters Military De- partment, Albany, N. Y. : 5 posters (63353). American Smelting And Refining Co., New York City (through Tacoma Smelting Co., Tacoma, Wash.) : Specimen of metallic arsenic (63552). Ames, Oakes, North Easton, Mass.: 187 specimens of orchids from the Philippine Islands (62652, 62686, exchange). Anderson, E. M., Regina, Saskatche- wan. Canada: About 2,000 insects (the private collection of the donor) (62927). Anderson, J. M. (See under Britannia Mining Co. ) Andrews, W. S., Schenectady, N. Y. : An old style portable Howell volt- meter (63413). Anect, Brother, St. Paul's College, Covington, La.: 61 specimens of plants from Louisiana (63652). Apollinaire-Marie, Brother, Bogota, Colombia: 169 specimens of plants from Colombia, collected by Brother xVriste- Joseph (63599, 62811) ; small collection of coleoptera (63046). (See also under Bogota, Colombia, Institute de la Salle.) Armour & Co., Chicago, 111.: 3 tubes of plain sterile surgical catgut liga- tures, and 3 tubes of chromic sterile surgical catgut ligatures (635(X)). Armstrong, E. J., Erie, Pa. : 100 speci- mens of New York Devonian bryo- zoans (63009, exchange). Aesene, Brother G., Philadelphia, Pa. : Several thousand specimens of plants, chiefly from IMexico (62601) ; 615 specimens of plants from Mary- land and New Jersey (62832). Arthur, Dr. J. C, Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind. : 4 specimens of plants (63535). Ashby, Edwin, Blackwood, South Aus- tralia: About 2,000 specimens, 89 lots, of mollusks, Chitonidae, from Australia (62706) ; 13 bird skins from Australia (63739, exchange). Asherman, George, Cincinnati, Ohio: .50 specimens of Upper Ordovician trilobites, sponges, and crinoids (63050). Asheville Mica Co., Asheville, N. C. : 5 specimens grade A mica (63772). Ashworth, W. W., Hopewell, Va.: Bronze military belt buckle of the period of the Civil War (63224). Al'guste, Mrs. Florence S., Rich- mond, Va. : Medicine scales of the colonial period in case, and doU and doll's bed of the early part of the nineteenth century (63379). Australian Museum, The. (See un- der Sydney, New South Wales, Aus- tralia.) Bain, Dr. and Mrs. H. Foster, Wash- ington, D. C. : A collection of Chi- nese, Japanese, and other art ob- jects (63571, loan). Bakee, Prof. C. F., Los Banos, P. I. : About 1,500 specimens of lepidoptera from the Philippine Islands (63478). 132 REPORT OF NATIONAL, MUSEUM, 1919. Bakek, Dr. Charles Lawrence, Berke- ley, Calif, (through Dr. O. P. Hay) : Molar tooth of a mammoth, Elephas columhi, from Bexar County, Tex. (62925). Bakeb, Dr. Fred., Point Loma, Calif. : 18 specimens, 5 species, of marine shells from Japan and Siam (63654). Bakeb, Dr. F. H., Richmond, Victoria, Australia : 40 specimens of Austra- lian insects (63555, exchange). Bakeb, John A., Washington, D, C. : Golden eagle, Aquila chrysaetos, from near Upperville, Va. (63329). Baujwin, Maj. B. T., S. C, U. S. Army, Takoma Park, D. C. : Incomplete skeleton from an old Indian burying place at Northbrook, on west branch of the Brandywine, Chester County, Pa., collected by the donor (63563). Baix, C. R., Bureau of Plant Industry. U. S. Department of Agriculture, AVashington, D. C. : 9 specimens of willows, chiefly from the western United States (68015). Bancroft, Howland, Denver, Colo, (through Mr. F. L. Hess) : 5 speci- mens of tin ore and 2 of bismuth from Bolivia (62S25). Barber, H. S., Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. : Snake, Elaps (631.59). (See also under Dr. E. A. Schwarz.) Barber, Manly D., Knoxville, Tenn. : 150 specimens of fossils from the Holston (Ordovician) marble of Tennessee (63029, exchange) ; 43 specimens, 7 species, of moUusks from France and the United States (63728). Baeboue, Dr. Thomas, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. : Specimen of lizard, Scelo- porus woodi (63512). Barrett, Edward. ( See under Indiana, Department of Geology.) Barrett, H. L., Silver Spring, IMd. : Young snake from Maryland (62768). Bartsch, Henry, Washington, D. C. : A salamander from Maryland (62761). Battle Ceeek, Mich., Museum of the PtTBLic Schools : 2 exhibition slabs from the Lower Carboniferous rocks of Michigan (63144, exchange). Bauthells, Mrs. Theodob William, Washington, D.C. : An album of flowers of the Holy Land, bound in covers of olive wood (63715). Beach, Froman A. (See under J. W. Mackelden. ) Beech-nut Packing Co., Canajoharie, N.Y. (through H. C. Thompson, U.S. Department of Agriculture) : Sam- ples of peanut butter put up in three sizes of jars (62774). Bement, C. S., Philadelphia, Pa. : An etched slab of San Angelo, Tex., meteoric iron weighing 1,917 grams, and one of Staunton, Va., weighing 1,162 grams (63261). Benedict, J. E., jr., Woodside, Md. : Shrew (alcoholic) (62676) ; 11 sala- manders and 3 lizards (63161) ; 6 specimens of fishes comprising 4 dace, Lendsctis sp., and 2 black- nosed dace, Rhmichtliys atronastis, collected near Occoquan, Virginia, June 14, 1919 (63732). Benjamin, Mrs. Carolyn Gilbert. (See under National Society of the Colonial Dames of Amei'ica.) Benjamin, Dr. Maecus, U. S. National Museum : Bound volume containing 2 sets of chromolithographic pro- gressive proofs, showing the process of printing the illustrations for Dr. George F. Kunz's " Gems and Precious Stones," Louis Prang, litho- grapher (101 specimens) (62885). Berry, Mrs. Grace, and Mrs. Chables W. Richardson, Washington, D. C. (through Mrs. Julian- James) : Shawl of Persian design printed on cash- mere (63255, loan). BsBEY, S. S., Redlands, Calif.: 2 crab claws from the Pleistocene, Point Loma, Calif. (62982) ; 2 specimens LIST OF ACCESSIONS. 133 Bebey, S. S. — Continued, of mollusks, representing the species Ischnochiton (Lepidozona) asthenes and L. heatlii, paratypes, from Cali- fornia (63661). Berwick, F. C, Washington, D. C. : Wooden statuette of a saint holding the Christ child, found in a deserted shrine near Porto Velho, Brazil (63983, loan). Bethel, Ellsworth, Denver, Colo. : 82 specimens of plants from New Mexico and Colorado (62746, 62818, 68111). BiLLiNGTON, C. (See under Chandler, estate of B. F.) Blake, S. F., care U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. : Specimen of plant, Lycopodium, from New Hampshire (62862). Blanchakd, F. N., U. S. National Museum : Snake, Lampropeltis, from Emmett County, Mich. (68421) ; 2 snakes and 2 salamanders (634.51) ; 4 snakes, 5 salamanders, 1 lizard, and 9 frogs from Maryland (6362.5, 63627, 63650) ; 15 snakes, 8 lizards, and 4 turtles from Virginia (63623, 63624, 68626, 68690). Blanchaed, p.. W., Washington, D. C. : Water snake from Great Falls, Md. (63618). Bleeckee, Waeeen, president, Tungsten Products Co., Boulder, Colo, (through Mr. F. L. Hess) : Specimen of ferrotungsten (62650). Blumenthal, Sidney & Co. (Inc.), New York City : 31 samples of pile fabrics for decorative upholstery and dress wear, and a Mohju rug (62834). Boebicke, Dr. Williaii, San Fran- ci.sco, Calif, (through Dr. W, A. Dewey, Ann Arbor, Mich.) : Copy of Boericke's " Conipend of the Prin- ciples of Homeopathy" (63482). Boericke and Tafel, Philadelphia, Pa. (through Dr. W. A. Dewey, Ann Arbor, Mich.) : 123 specimens of homeopathic medicinal preparations, Boericke and Tafel — Continued. 3 colored plates of medicinal plants with descriptive text, and 1 small model of the Hahnemann monument in Washington (63405). Bogota, Colombia, Instituto de la Salle: 84 specimens of plants from Colombia ; also anthropological ma- terial (6.3235, 63682). Bonapaete, Prince Roland, Paris, France (through H. Heuvrard) : 2 photographs of type specimen of a fern, Pteris latiuscula (C3289, ex- change). BooNE, Miss Peael L., U. S. National Museum : Specimen of snake from Virginia (62626) ; specimen of plant from Maryland (68680). Boedages, Mons. L., Paris, France: Collection of stone implements, cast of a Greco-Roman cameo, a piece of Gallo-Roman mosaic, and a clay bead (63532, exchange). Boutwell, J. M., Grand Canyon, Ariz, (through Dr. Charles D. Wal- cott) : Cambrian brachiopoda from the Grand Canyon, Arizona (62883). B0\^ng, Dr. A. G. (See under J. P. Kryger. ) Boyeb Oil Co., New York City (through Dr. J. H. Shrader) : 6 samples of oil seeds (62783). Beackett, Mrs. Julia S. McG. (See under Mrs. E. N. McGowan.) Bramlet, Lieut. Hubert B., Chemical Warfare Service, U. S. Army, Wash- ington, D. C. : Hat cord of the type worn by the enlisted men of the U. S. Chemical Warfare Service, 1918 (63093). Bbigham, Miss G. R., Smithsonian In- stitution : Crested English canary (63275). Bbind, W. L.. New York City: Speci- men of a goby, Gobiws pleui'ostignui, from Soerabaia, Java (62743). Bbitannia Mining Co., Havana, Cuba (through Thomas Abbott and J. M. Anderson) : Sample of Cuban Malva blanca fiber, Vrena lohata (63008). 134 EEPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. British Museum (Natural History). (See under London, England.) Britton, Dr. N. L. (See under New York Botanical Garden.) Broadway, W. E., Port of Spain, Trinidad, British West Indies: Specimen of fern, Pteris grandifolia from Trinidad (62903) ; 3 specimens of ferns and 3 specimens of plants from Trinidad, (63414, 63619, 63651) ; pocket herbarium booklet of Tropical American ferns (63072). Brockett, Paul, Smithsonian Institu- tion: 1 four-color relief reproduc- tion and 1 chromolithographic re- production (63364) ; collection of four-color halftones, coUotj'pe and chromolithograph (14 specimens) (63759). Brooke, Maj. Gen. John R., U. S. Army (retired), Washington, D. C. ; Jeweled sword presented to the donor by American and Cuban friends in 1899, and saddle, saddle cloths, chapeau, uniform belts, epaulets, and pieces of military in- signia owned by him (40 speci- mens) (63543) ; a miscellaneous collection of historical photographs (54 specimens) ; historical books, a bolo, a dagger, and a copper replace- ment of a boulder (63760). Brown, A. J., Sulphur City, Ark. : 100 specimens, 17 species, of land shells from Sulphur City, Ark (63147). Brown, C. G. (See under William H. Gray.) Brown, Edward J., Los Angeles, Calif.: 137 bird skins and 4 bird skeletons from southern California (63018). Brown, Stephen C, U. S. National Museum : Sponge, 24 corals, 14 echinoderms, 1 barnacle, 350 mol- lusks, 1 sawfish blade, 60 shark teeth, turtle shell, 1 arrow, 55 arrow- heads, 4 .stone hatchet heads, iron lamp (1835), 60 minerals and rocks, 12 fossils and 15 plants (63229) ; a copy of "The Conchologist's Text- Book," ninth edition, by William Brown, Stephen C. — Continued. Macgillivray, Esq. (63230) ; early American newspapers, namely, Ul- ster County Gazette, vol. 2, No. 88, January 4, 1800 (copy) ; the Maryland Journal and the Balti- more Advertiser, vol. 1, No. 1, Aug. 20, 1773 (copy), and the Dally Na- tional Intelligencer, vol. 19, No. 1, 5807, September 16, 1831 (63465). Bruce, Mr., Rampart, Alaska (through Hon. Charles A. Sulzer) : Skin and sternum of a whistling swan, Olor columbianus, from Alaska (62725) Bryan, B., W^ashington, D. C. (through Mr. F. L. Hess) : Specimen of wolframite from Bolivia (62740). Bryan, Maj. Harry S., Phoenix, Ariz. : A cut gem manufactured from urani- um oxides (63505). Bryant, L. E., Virginia Mining Co., Roberta, Tenn. : 190 grams of mete- oric stone which fell at Cumberland Falls, Whitely County, Ky., on April 9, 1919 (63605). Buckingham, Mrs. B. H., and Miss Isabelle C. Freeman, Washington, D. C. : Collection of lacquers, porce- lains and glassware, ethnological, archeological, and historical objects, also a gla.ss sponge (63783). Buenos Aires, Argentina, Instituto UE Botanica y Farmacologia : 286 specimens of plants from Argentina (63583, exchange). Bullock, D. S., University of Wiscon- sin, College of Agriculture, Madison, Wis. : 25 specimens of fishes collected in Chile (63534). Bltinham, Stewart H., Hudson Falls, N. Y. : 12 specimens of plants from New York (63293). Burrell, G. S. (See under Navy De- partment.) BuscK, Dr. August, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. : 2 turtles from C. Lerdo, Durango, Mexico (63327). Bush, B. F., Courtney, Mo. : 264 speci- mens of plants from Missouri (63079, LIST OF ACCESSIONS. 135 Bush, B. F. — Continued. 63236) ; 2 specimens of plants and a specimen of fern, Cheilanthes eatoni, from Oklahoma (62926,63069). BusHNELL, D. I., Jr., Washington, D. C. : A necklace and wristlet of wampum (about 125 years old) from Oldtown, Me. (62711, exchange) ; blowgun and dart, Choctaw Indians, Louisiana, and a pocket sundial and compass, Nuremberg, Germany (62828). Caldwell, Col. Bert M., M. C. N. A., Office of the Surgeon General, War Department, Washington, D. C. : A stone metate or mealing plate (62964). Calhoun, Dr. John C, Pittsburgh, Pa. (through Dr. W. A. Dewey, Ann Arbor, Mich.) : Millspaugh's Medi- cinal Plants in two volumes (63422). California Academt of Sciences, San Francisco, Calif, (through Miss Alice Eastwood) : Specimen of plant from California (62795) ; 1631 specimens of plants (63272, exchange). California Associated Raisin Co., Fresno, Calif, (through Dr. J. H. Shrader, U. S. Department of Agi-i- culture) : 6 samples of raisin seed products (62772). Callow, Robert Richard, Washington, D. C. : The head of a mollusk, Loligo pealei, taken off the bar, Bar Harbor, Me. (62978). Canada, Biological Board of, Nanaimo, B. C. (through Dr. C. Mc- Lean Fraser ) : 5 specimens, 2 species, of Pinnotherid crabs from Mudge Island and Nanoose Bay (62939). Canada, Geological Survey of, Ot- tawa, Ontario, Canada (through James M. Macoun) : 5 specimens of ferns from Arctic Canada (63341) ; 17 specimens of Canadian ferns col- lected in Jasper Park (63468, ex- change). (See also under Dominion.) Candler, Hon. E. S. (See under Mrs. Anne Jonas McWilliams.) Carnegie I^Iuseum, Pittsburgh, Pa. (through Dr. O. E. Jennings) : 143 Carnegie Museum — Continued, specimens of plants, chiefly from the Isle of Pines, Cuba, and 115 speci- mens of plants from Ontario (62997, 63073, exchange) ; a copy of the plate showing restoration of the fossil reptile Diplodociis carnegil (63581). Carter, R. E., Naskeag, Me. : Small col- lection of miscellaneous skulls and bones from Maine, and an arrow point of black slate (63081). Case Research Laboratory, Auburn, N. Y. : Dyscrasite box and receiving tube, of the type used in the U. S. Army, 1917-1918 (63751). Case, T. W., Auburn, N. Y. (through Dr. G. Winchester, Wyoming, 111.) : 4 audions showing Western Electric Co. construction ; 8-inch receiving dyscrasite mirror, 4 dyscrasite tubes, and holder for dyscrasite tube, of the type used during the European War, 1914-1918 (63700). Cauldwell, Mrs. Eleanor Sherman Thackara. (See under Miss Mary Elizabeth Thackara.) Cavanaugh, Col. J. B., U. S. Army. (See under James F. Mclndoe.) Cayman Islands, Go\'Ernment of the (through the Colonial Secretary's Office, Kingston, Jamaica, and the Secretary of State for the Colonies at London, England) : Postage stamps issued by the Cayman Islands during the European W^ar, 1914-1918; 3 London printings (12 specimens) (63462). Ceasa, Brazil, Museu Rocha: 60 specimens, 12 species, of mollusks from Brazil (63257). Chace, E. P., Los Angeles, Calif. : Mollusk, tJTpe of a new species, from San Pedro, Calif. (62869) ; 2 bryo- zoans, 15 annelids, 10 ophiurans, 312+crustaccans, 10 pycnogonids, 25+insects, and 2 nudibranch mol- lusks from the coast of California (63299) ; 7 sponges, 6 worms, 12 ochi- noderms, 131 crustaceans, 3 mol- lusks, and 12 insects from California (63382, exchange). 136 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. Chambeelain, a. M., La Grulla, Tex. : Nest of an oriole from Texas (63094). Chamberlain, E. B., New York City: 8 specimens of plants from the vicin- ity of Washington, D. C. (63420). Chamberlain Fund, Frances Lea, Smithsonian Institution : 1 black opal (16.65 carats) and 1 kunzite (7.15 carats) (63037) ; 1 nephrite pendant composed of 3 carved links, and 1 chalcedonic pendant, cut cameo style (63038) ; 1 cut gem of zircon (51.30 carats) (63146) ; 2 cut gems of turquoise and 2 of benitoite (63268) ; 5 cut opals from Australia (63575) ; 129 specimens, 79 lots, of land shells from various localities, purchased from Com- mandant E. Caziot, director, Museum of Nice, Nice, Alpes Maritimes, France (63600) ; 32 fresh water pearls, from near Knoxville, Tenn. (63784) ; 30 cut gems, including ama- zonstone, thomsonite, unakite, satin spar, moss agate, lapis lazuli, and beryl (63735). Chamberlin, T. S., Chicago, 111. : Printed and written papei-s bearing on the discovery of chloroform by Dr. Samuel Guthrie (63319). Chandler. Estate of B. F. (through C. Billington, executor, Detroit, Mich.) : Private herbarium of B. F. Chandler, consisting of about 500 ferns and flowering plants of Michi- gan (63530). Chase, Mrs. Agnes, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. : Specimen of plant from Maryland (62913). Chateb, Sir Pafl, Hongkong, China (through Ralph W. Weymouth, New York City) : A specimen of wolfra- mite from the New Territory, Hong- kong, China (63324). Chemical Co. of America, The, New York City: A sample each of acetic anhydride, acetic acid (glacial), raw cotton and cellulose acetate, manu- factured at Springfield, N. J. (63189). Clapp, W. F., Cambridge. Mass. : 16 specimens, 4 species, of Philippine mollusks (62735) ; 2 specimens of a land shell, Cainaena amis, from the Philippine Islands (62753). Cl:\rk, Altstin H., U. S. National Museum : Young house sparrow. Passer domcsticiis, showing partial albinism ( 62651 ) ; photographic copy of the painting in the Bristol Art Gallery by Ernest Board, R. W. A., depicting the marriage of William Penn and Hannah Callowhill at the Friends' Meeting House, Bristol, on January 5, 1696 (63132) ; a 25-cent note issued by the Dominion of Canada, January 2, 1900 (63165). Clark, B. Preston, Boston, Mass. : 35 specimens, 2 species, of Philippine landshells, Amphidroimis, from Kida- pan, Mindanao (62989) ; 5 specimens of Diptera from North Borneo (63439). Clark, Dr. F. C, Los Angeles, Calif.: 500 specimens of invertebrate fossils from the Pleistocene at Santa Monica, Calif. (62848, exchange) ; 8 exhibition specimens of limestones bored by Pholas (63260). Clark, Frank L., Winona Lake, Ind. : A collection of mastodon bones (63194). Clements, J. Morgan, New York City : 3 samples of mica from Korea and a pebble of antimony oxide from China (62763) ; tungsten minerals, including scheelite, wolframite, and cassiterite from Korea (63601). Cleveland, Chas. E., Overly, N. Dak. : Specimen of an abnormal egg of a domestic fowl (62831). Climax Molybdenum Co., Denver, Colo, (through Mr. F. L. Hes-s) : A specimen of molybdenum ore from Climax, Colo. (632.51). Clokey, Ira W., Denver, Colo. : 160 specimens of plants from Colorado (62894, exchange). Cockerell, Prof. T. D. A., University of Colorado, Boulder, Colo. : 2 speci- mens of plants (62612) ; 18 speoi- LIST OF ACCESSIONS, 137 CocKEEELL, Prof. T. D. A. — Continued, mens of plants from Colorado (62723, 62789) ; 8 cotj'pes of Philip- pine Halictiis ; 7 other named Philip- pine bees and 16 other Hymenoptera (63330, exchange, gift). CoE, Cyeil, Grand Cayman, West In- dies (through the Governor of Ja- maica, Colonial Secretary's Office, Jamaica, West Indies) : 8 postage stamps, 4 each of the first and second local printing, issued by the Cayman Islands during the European War, 1914-1918 (63378). CoKEE, Prof. W. C, Chapel Hill, N. C. : 7 specimens of plants from North Carolina (62648). Cole, Miss Lillian A., Union, Me. : 85 specimens of plants from Maine (62656, 62857). CoLEGio De " San Pedbo Apostol," Cartegena, Colombia : 4 snakes, 1 turtle, 4 fishes, 1 myriapod. 1 spider, 1 plant, and 17 marine invertebrates from Cartegena, Colombia (63300). Collins-Gaenee Congo Expedition, Fernan Vaz, French Congo, Africa : 217 mammals, 30 bird skins, a turtle, and a small collection of plants, col- lected by Mr. C. R. Aschemeier (63233, collected for the Museum). Columbia Gbaphophone Co., Balti- more, Md. (through W. S. Parks, manager) : A type L-2 grafonola equipped with the nonset automatic stop (63376). Commeece, Depaetment of: Italian revenue stamps as follows : 5, 10, 20, 25 centesimi, in duplicate (8 speci- mens) (62816) ; 4 posters (63358) ; postage stamps of Honduras issued 1907-1918 (174 specimens) (63639). Bureau of Fisheries: 10 specimens of larvae of the spiny lobster from Key West, Fla. (62701) ; 1 specimen of fish, Apsilus clentatus, from the Campeche Banks, Gulf of Mexico, received from the Warren Fish Co., of Pens'acola, Fla. (62794) ; 27 speci- mens of fishery products and 1 mounted specimen of cod (62824, Commeece, Depaetment of — Contd. loan) ; 12 specimens of fresh-water Medusae from Augusta, Ga. (62830) ; specimens of fishes, reptiles, and in- vertebrates collected in the summer of 1918 by S. F. Hildebrand at Au- gusta, Ga., and vicinity (62980) ; 6 specimens of sperm whale teeth (62S89) ; 117 skins and skulls of mammals, mostly seals, a small col- lection of birds, 102 specimens of plants, and a collection of Tertiary fos'sils, collected by Mr. G. Dallas Hanna in Alaska (63047) ; 21 bird eggs from Alaska (63054) ; bearded seal, skin and skull, from St. George Island, Alaska (63271) ; type speci- mens and others of macruroids col- lected by the steamer Albatross in the Philippine Islands (31 speci- mens) (63048) ; skull of a crab coon, Procyon (63234) ; lobster. Ho- marus americanus, with abnormal claw, purchased in New York City (63246) ; skull of a walrus from Round Island, Bering Sea (63294) ; 20 specimens of plants collected in Iowa by H. Walton Clark (63731) ; miscellaneous reptiles and batra- chians from Berrian County, Ga. (63744). (See also under Prof. N. Gist Gee, and Dr. George Mott. ) Bureaii of Foreign and Domestic Commerce: Dutch postage, postage due, receipt, statistics, security tax, and government savings bank stamps (111 specimens) (63030). Commercial Museum, The, Phila- delphia, Pa. : 8 samples of foreign food products (62765, exchange). Committee on Public Information, Division of Films, New York City : Bureau of War Photographs: 16 photographs (6* by 8i inches) illustrating military aerial activities in the United States and France (G3031). CoNKow, WiLFORD Seymoue, New York City : Portrait of Maj. E. Alexander Powell, and portrait of Miss Clara J. Gordon, by Wilford Seymour Con- row, 1919 and 1916, respectively (63770, loan). 138 KEPOKT OF NATIONAL IMTTSEUM, 1919. CoNZATTi, Prof. C : Oaxaca, Mexico : Specimen of lichen from Mexico (63113). CoBBiN, Mrs. H. C, Washington, D. C. : Miniature model of a 10-inch disap- pearing gun, made in the Electrician Sergeant's Department, School of Submarine Defense, Fort Totten, N. Y., and presentel&. Dunn, E. R., Alexandria, Va. : Snake skin, 8 siilanianders and 1 frog; 4 skinks ; snake, Coluber constrictor, and 2 young turtles, all from Vir- ginia (02891, 63515, 63533, 63614). DXJPSE, D. L., National Zoological Park, Washington, D. C. : Snake, Coluber constrictor, from Washing- ton, D. C. (02950).. Dyer, Fkancis J., American consul at Tegucigalpa, Honduras, and Nogalos, Sonora, Mexico : A collection of in- sects and cacti (62712) ; 20 speci- mens of plants and some entomo- logical specimens from Honduras (63075) ; specimen of cactus, Opiin- tia (63620) ; 3 specimens of cacti (63683) ; horned lizard, Phrynosoma solare, and some insects (63691) ; 5 specimens of living cacti, earthworm, oak galls and insects, 2 lizards and a frog (63777). (See also under W. Cameron Towusend.) Eakle, Chables T., Palma Sola, Fla. : Skeleton of an Indian found in a shell mound on Snead's Island, Mana- tee County, Fla. (63455). Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, N. Y. : 5dorotypes (62850). Eastwood, ]\Tiss Alice. (See under California Academy of Sciences.) Ebeet, Col. II. G., Vancouver, Wash, (through Brig. Gen. T. E. Wilcox, U. S. Army (retired) : 3 specimens of plants from Washington, collected by Mary and Frances Fiala (63656). Edge, E. E., Washington, D. C. : Flint- lock pistol and Indian bow (62973). Edmonston, a., Chevy Chase, Md. : Skins and skulls of 2 flying squirrels, Glaucomys (63304). Edwaeds, Vinal N., Woods Hole, Mass. : 2 specimens of hornpout, Amiuvus sp., attacked by fungus growth (63006). Eggleston, W. W., U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. : 15 specimens of plants from Indiana (63035). Emeeine, Charles A., Baltimore, Md. : 3 notes issued by the Susquehanna Emeuine, Charles A. — Continued. Bridge & Bank Note Co. in 1831, as follows: $5, No. 4252; $10, No. 484, and $20, No. 699 (63541). Engberg, Dean Carl C, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebr. : Crab, Pinnixa franciscana, from Friday Harbor, Wash. (62872) ; 26 speci- mens, 11 species, of mollusks from San Juan Island, Gulf of Georgia, Wash. (63027). Eewin, RicnARD P., Boise, Idaho : 12 salamanders from Idaho (62759). Essenkay Products Co., Chicago, lU. (through Dr. J. H. Shrader) : 10 samples of rubber substitute products made from vulcanized corn oil (62812). Evans, Prof. A. W. (See under Yale University, New Haven, Conn.) Falkland Islands, Government of (through the Governor of the Colony, Stanley, Falkland Islands, and the Secretary of State for the Colonies, London, England) : Half penny, 1 penny, and 1 shilling post- age stamps of the Falkland Islands overprinted " W^ar Stamp " issued during the European War, 1914- 1918 (3 specimens) (63738). Felippone, Dr. Florentino, Monte- video, Uruguay: 1 barnacle; 69 specimens, 46 species, of mollusks ; and 1 specimen of cordate, Cephalo- discus dodecalaph'us, from various localities in South America (63058). Fenton, Carroll Lane, Charles City, Iowa: A large exhibition specimen of fossil coral. S t ro mat o para, from the Devonian of Iowa (62976, col- lected for the Museum). Ferrero, Joseph, Washington, D. C. : A tree frog, Hyla septcntrionalis, imported in a bimch of bananas from Cuba (63481). Pebeier, Dr. W. F., Toronto, Ontario, Canada : Specimen of a new mineral (ferrierite) from British Columbia (63139). LIST OF ACCESSIONS. 141 Fewkes, Dr. J. Walter. (See under Dr. H. Adrian, and Dr. John M. Muir.) Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, 111.: 7 small mounted mammal skins and skulls from North America (63295). FiLLius, James P., Berwyn, Md. : Specimen of hawk from Maryland (62733). FiNLEY, Miss Bliss. (See under Mrs. Calvin White.) FiNLEY, Mrs. Henry J., Washington, D. C. : Chantilly lace shoulder shawl originally owned by Mrs. Abraham Lincoln (63502, loan). Fish ano Game Commission oe Cali- fornia, Long Beach, Calif. : Isopod crustacean, Tylos punciatus, from Long Beach, Calif. (63726). Fisher, George L., Houston, Tex. : 201 specimens of plants from Texas (62654, 62910, 62968) ; 94 specimens of plants from Missouri (63503). Brisker, Dr. Walter K., Stanford Uni- versity, Calif. : 16 specimens of lizards from Antigua Island, West Indies (62707) ; 21 bats, 9 of Arti- beus and 12 of Nyctinomus, in alco- hol (62748). Fiske, Wllbur A., Librarina, ChalTey Library, Ontario, Calif.: Chaffey Library bookplate (62935). Fleisher, S. B. & B. W. (Inc.), Phila- delphia, Pa. : A series of worsted knitting and crocheting yarns and handmade articles showing the use of these yarns (63045) ; 3 specimens of crocheted and knitted sweaters showing the use of worsted yarns (63756). Florida Federation of Women's Clubs, Homestead, Fla. (through C. A, Mosier) : Specimen of turtle, Kinostemon bauri, from Florida (62681). Florida, Geological Department of THE State of, Tallahassee, F!a. (through Dr. E. H. Sellards) : Types of 24 vertebrate fossils from Florida, Florida, Geological Department of THE State of — Continued, including 16 reptiles, 3 birds, and 5 mammals (63124, exchange). Florida State Museum, Gainesville, Fla. (through T. Van Hyning) : Mollusk from Florida (62868). Floyd, F. G., West Roxbury, Mass. : Specimen of plant from Nantucket Island, Mass. (63049). Foerste, Prof. August F., Dayton, Ohio (through Dr. Charles D. Wal- cott) : 400 specimens of Lower Cam- brian fossils from Troy, N. Y. (63020). Foote, Mrs. E. M., New York City: 3 specimens of plants, Dotrycliium, fi-om Connecticut (63001). FooTE, Dr. J. S., College of Medicine, The Creighton University, Omaha, Nebr. : 2 Indian skulls found by H. O. Drew in the first bluff of the Missouri River opposite Omaha, Nebr. (63017). Forbes Lithograph Manufacturing Co., The, Boston, Mass.: 1 set of chromo-lithographic progressive proofs of the painting for the calen- dar of the Edison Lamp Works of the General Electric Co. (29 speci- mens) (63365). Foed, Prof. William E., Sheffield Scientific School, Yale University, New Haven, Conn.: A specimen of aguilarite from Mexico (63553). Forney, R. L., Forsyth, Mont. : Pebbles of chalcedony, fragments of silicified wood and specimens of invertebrate fossils (63433). Foshag, William, Berkeley, Calif.: A specimen of riversideite and 1 of wilkeite from Crestmore, Riverside County, Calif. (62854, exchange). France, Government of: (through French ]\Iinistry of Foreign Affairs and the Department of State) : French Red Cross and Orphans of the AVar stamps issued 1914-1917 (14 specimens) (62972) ; French postage stamps issued during the European War, 1914-1918 (54 specimens) (63103). 142 EEPORT OF NATIONAL, MUSEUM, 1919. Fkancis, Miss Maby E., Elva, Fla. (through Mr. W. E. Safford) : 140 specimens of plants from Florida (62806). Feaser, Dr. C. McLean. (See under Canada, Biological Board of.) Fkeeman, Miss IsABEixE C. (See under Mrs. B. H. Buckingham.) French Pictorial Service, New York City : 6 photogi'aphs illustrating the adjustment of human and equine gas masks (63539). Frierson, L. S., Frierson, i^a. : 2 pearly fresh-water shells from Pat- saliga Creek, Ala. (02797). Fulton, Robert Burwell, 2d, Wash- ington, D. C. : Silver cross from an Indian burying ground about 4 miles northwest of Tupelo, Miss., and 17 jasper beads found in Copiah County, Miss. (63153). Furlong, Maj. C. W., U. S. Army, care Salmagundi Club, New York City : Reptiles, fishes, marine invertebrates, spiders, scorpins, and insects from various localities (629S6). Garner, G. W., Snyder, Tex. : A con- cretion of pyrite imitating in form a small lower limb and foot (63138). Garrett, A. O., Salt Lake City, Utah : 2 specimens of plants from Colorado and Wyoming (62908). Gaumer, Dr. George F.. Izamal, Yuca- tan : 5 specimens of banana opos- sum, Marmosa, alcoholics (63173). Gee, Prof N. Gist, Soochow University, Soochow, China : About 30 speci- mens of freshwater moUusks and 110 insects from China (62608) ; 10 insects from China (62742) ; (through Department of Commerce, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries) : 48 specimens. 2 species, of isopods, in- cluding the type and paratypes of a new species, 2 leeches and about 20 nemathelrainthes parasitic on the Chinese carp (62796). General Electric Co., Engineer Divi- sion, Schnectady, N. Y. (through Dr. G. Winchester, Wyoming, 111.) : General Electric Co. — Continued. 5 hand signal lamps and a russet leather electric signal battery case, of the type used during the War with Germany, 1917-18 (63701). German, A. T., Alexandria, Va. : A specimen of fossil wood and a pot- shaped concretion (62607). Gettys, L. a., Shelby, N. C. : A crystal of magnetite (02642). Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony, Office of the Resident Commissioner, Ocean Island (through the Secre- tary of State for the Colonies, Lon- don, England) : Sheet of war tax postage stamps issued by the Gilbert and Ellice Islands, 1918 (60 speci- mens) (63435). Gilbert, E. O., Berkeley, Calif. : Speci- men of plant from California (63034). Gilbreth, Maj. Frank B., Army War College, Washington, D. C. : Chrono- cyclegraph motion devices for measuring achievements (models) (62920). Gill, De Lancey, Bureau of American Ethnology, Washington, D. C. : Ob- jects of slate, fractured naturally, resembling artificial forms, from the shore of Conesus Lake, western New York (62784) ; an Eskimo harness for a seven-dog team (63219, ex- change). GocHENAUER, Brooke B., LTpperville, Va. : Bald eagle, HaUaeettis leuco- phalus, from Virginia (62938). Godson, Lieut. W. F. H., U. S. Army, Washington, D. C. : Bow and arrows made by the Negritos living near Camp Stotsenbury, Parapanga, Lu- zon, P. L (63434). Goldsmith, G. W., College Station, Tex. : 2 swamp treefrogs, Pseiidacris ornata (63175). Gordon, John, Rio Janeiro, Brazil (through H. S. Washington, Geo- physical Laboratory) : Samples of monazite sand from the State of Espiritu Santo, Brazil (62756). LIST OF ACCESSIONS. 143 GoKMAN, M. W., Portland, Oreg. (through C. V. Piper) : 4 specimens of plants from Oregon (63489). Gorton, G. R., San Diego, Calif. : 4 mollusks, Helix {Euparyphya) pis- ana, from San Diego, Calif. (62994). Graves, E. W., Spring Hill, Ala.: Specimen of plant, Ophioglossus, from Alabama (63487). Gray, George M., Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass. : 2 lizards from Florida (63026, ex- change). Gray, William H., Washington, D. C, and C. G. Brown, Texarkana, Tex. (through Mrs. Mary J. Roach) : Medicine scales with case used by Dr. Gustavus Richard Brown of Maryland during his attendance upon George Washington at the time of his last illness in 1799 (63609). Great Britain, Government of; (through the American Embassy at London, England, and the Depart- ment of State) : 6 stamps of the British occupation of Palestine, is- sued 1918, as follows : four 1 piaster and 2 milliemes on 1 piaster (63835). (See also under Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony, India, Jamaica, Lee- ward Islands, New Foundland, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, Straits Settlements, Tringanu, Federated Malay States, Trinidad.) Greely, Maj. Gen, A. W., U. S. Army (retired), Washington, D. C. : 1,000 marine mollusks, 3 corals and 8 echinoderms from the Philippine Is- lands, about 61 pieces of Chinese money and 3 painted masks (63675). Greene, F. C, Tulsa, Okla.: Specimen of fern, Cheilanthes tomentosa, from Oklahoma (62943). Greenman, Dr. J. M. (See under Mis- souri Botanical Garden.) Gregg, IMrs. Alfred Pierce, Atlantic City, N. J. : A coat of dark-green cloth AAith green velvet collar and Gregg, Mrs. Alfred 1'ierce — Coutd. four shoulder capes, which belonged to William H. Love, a Quaker of Philadelphia, Pa., about the year 1829 (63437, loan). Griggs, Robert F. (See under Ohio State University.) Grinnell, George Bin.'), New York City: 53 specimens of plants from Montana (62619). Grubbs, Lieut. Col. Robert B., U. S. Army (retired), Walter Reed Gen- eral Hospital, Takoma Park, D. C. : Fragments of shell showing shrap- nel imbedded in sulphur and rosin, and lead bullets for shrapnel (63284). Hall, Henry R., Indianhcad, Md. : A specimen of folded quartz from Indianhead, Md. (63632). Hanna, G. Dallas, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, AVashiugton, D. C. : 23 specimens of mollusks from Una- laska (62948). Hanson, Herbert C, Houston, Tex. : 479 specimens of plants from Texas (G2909, 63118, 63179, 63302, 63418, 63630, 63723). Harper, Roland M., U. S. Depart- ment of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. : Specimen of plant from Maryland ; specimen of plant, Cus- cuta, from Maryland ; specimen of plant, Lycopodium lucidulum, from Virginia (62647, 62961, 62914). Harvard Unh'ersity, Cambridge, Mass. : Ai'nold ArboreUini (Jamaica Plain) (through Dr. C. S. Sargent) : 383 specimens of plants from Alaska (62898, exchange). Gray Herhariv.in: 154 specimens of plants collected on the island of Curacao, and 285 specimens of plants from northern Venezuela, col- lected by Messrs. Curran and Hamau (62988, 63586) ; photogi-aph of type specimen of a plant, Alomia dubia, from Brazil (63022) ; specimen of fern from Guatemala (63347) ; 59 144 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. Habvabd Univebsity — Continued, mounted specimens of ferns col- lected in Venezuela by A. Fendler (63697). Exchange. Musewm of Comparative Zoology: 20 specimens of reptiles and batra- chians (62805, exchange). Hauck Food Products Coepobation, The, Kingston, N. Y. (through Dr. J. H. Shrader) : 5 samples of peanut oil, foots and grease (62691). d'Hautpoul, Countess, Paris, France (through Department of State) : Brass seal with onyx handle owned by George Washington (62800). Hawaii, The College of, Honolulu, Hawaii (through J, F. Rock, botanist) : 62 specimens of plants from the Hawaiian Islands (63458, exchange). Hay, Dr. O. P., Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D. C. : Sora, Porzana Carolina (62861). (See also under Dr. Charles Law- rence Baker and R. L. More.) Hedley, Chakles, Australian Museum, Sydney, New South Wales, Aus- tralia : 20 specimens, 4 species, of brachiopod mollusks from New South Wales (63678). Heiner, Mrs. Adam, Baltimore, Bid. : Cap pistol adapted from flintlock ("Grosmann, Giessen"); and flint- lock horse pistol found in an old house at Baltimore (63480). Heitmtjller, Anton. ( See under Miss Isobel H. Lenman.) Henderson, John B., Washington, D. C. : About 30,000 lots ( approximately 400,000 specimens) of Antillean land mollusks (62858) ; 300 + miscellane- ous marine invertebrates dredged off Florida by the yacht Eolis (63707). Hebtng, Carl, Philadelphia. Pa. : Melo- trope (very early mechanical player for piano) with accessories (62985). Heeeeba, Dr. A. L. ( See under Mexico, Mexico, Museo Nacional de Historia Naturale. ) Hess, Frank L. ( See under George R. Allen, Howland Bancroft, Warren Hess, Frank L. — Continued. Bleecker, B. Bryan, Climax Molybde- num Co., H. Devries, Molybdenum Products Co., E. A. Stent, Tungsten Products aiining Co., The, Ralph W. Weymouth. ) HEtrv'RABD, H. (See under Prince Ro- land Bonaparte.) Heydenreich, R. R., Staunton, Va. : Specimen of semi-albino crow, Co7-rus brachyrhyncJios, from Vir- ginia (63061). High Commission of the French Re- public IN the United States, Wash- ington, D. C. : Gas masks, with ac- cessories, of the type used in the French Army during the European War, 1914-1918, and a German gas mask captured in 1918 (17 speci- mens) (63198). Hill, Dr. J. I\I., Wise, Va. : Pig, Sus, in alcohol (62749). Hill, Thomas S., Entwistle, Alta, Canada : 5 specimens, 3 species, of mollusks from western Canada (63141). Hinckley, Robert, Washington, D. C : Archeological material from the region adjacent to San Salvador, to- gether with specimens of recent origin made in imitation of objects of prehistoric ceramic art, collected by Thomas Hinckley, late United States Consul General and First Secretary of Legation at Salvador, 1911-1913 (192 specimens) (63265, loan ) . HioRAM, Brother, Guantanamo, Ori- ente, Cuba: 6 specimens of ferns from Colombia (63012). Hioetdahl, Mrs. Frithjof, Hyatts- ville, Md. : Piece of art needlework, oriental landscape (62674). Hitchcock, A. S. (See under Agri- culture, Department of. Bureau of Plant Industry, and Rev. John Davis.) Hoes, Mrs. R. G., Washington, D. C. (through Mrs. Julian- James) : A bound volume entitled " Godey's Lady's Book" (Philadelphia, 1868, LIST OF ACCESSIONS. 145 Hoes, Mrs. R. G. — Continued. 384 pages ) ( 63769, loan ) . (See also under Miss Catherine W. Philipse, and Mrs. Francis Leroy Satterlee.) Hoffman, W. A., Monticello, Fla. : 70 specimens of Diptera from Florida (63492). HoLcoMB, Benton, Simsbury, Conn. : 32 specimens, 5 species, of mollusks from Connecticut (63091). Holmes, William H., U. S. National Museum : Bronze medal designed by Theodore Spicer-Simson, commemo- rating the entrance of the United States into the war against Ger- many, April 6, 1917 (62781) ; an ax of fribrolitic schist (as identified by Howe), collected in 1875 by the donor at Cliff House, Mesa Verde Park, Colo. ; an earthenware bottle, jar, toy jar, pottery spindle, and 2 rosaries (63438). HoLWAY, Prof. E. W. D., Minneapolis. Minn. : 10 specimens of plants from British Columbia (62911) ; 7 speci- mens of fungi from British Co- lumbia (62984, exchange). Hopkins, A. A., New York City: 5 photographs illustrating the manu- facture of steel trench helmets for use in the U. S. Army during the AVar with Germany, 1917-18 (63712, loan). Hopkins, Dr. Alfred S., Bethesda, Md. : A collection of early American and foreign swords, also miscella- neous relics of the period of the Civil War (82 specimens) (63377, loan). HoKNE, Commander Fkederick J., Office of Naval Intelligence, Navy Department, Washington, D. C : Sword and scabbard of the latter part of the seventeenth century, presented to Commander Frederick J. Home, U. S. Navy, by the Associa- tion of Japanese Shipbuilders in recognition of his courtesy and fair- ness while in charge of the Ship and Steel Exchange with the United States Shipping Board, Tokyo, Japan, March 22, 1919 (63573, loan). 143943°— 20 10 Hough. Dr. Walter, U. S, National Museum : 80 specimens of land shells, and 14 specimens of plants from Arizona (62605, 62609). Houston, Thomas Truxtun, Washing- ton, D. C. : Gold medal awarded by act of Congress, March 29, 1800, to Capt. Thomas Truxtun, U. S. Navy, and a letter written to him by John Adams, November 30, 1802 (63339, loan ) . Howlett & Hockmeyer Co. (Inc.), New York City : 10 specimens of corduroy, cotton suiting, and leather cloth (63634). Hoyt, H. C, Rochester, N. Y. : Album containing envelopes made during the period of the Civil War and decorated with patriotic designs (63574, loan). Hrdlicka, Dr. A., U. S. National Museum : Skins, skulls and 1 embryo of squirrels, Sciurus (62675, 62900, 63172, 632.59) ; skin and skull of a jumping mouse, Zaptis (62750) ; flageolet of the San Carlos Indians, Arizona (62821) ; models (reduced) of 2 horses as they appeared at the coronation ceremonies of the present Emperor of Japan, and 3 figurines of ethnic types, presented to the donor by Dr. Mitsuru Okada, of Tokyo, Japan (62888) ; 3 coon skulls, Procyon, and skull of a rabbit, SylvUagus (63120) ; 4 archeological specimens from the Valley of Mexico (63522) ; 155 specimens of textiles from Peru, collected by the donor (63780). Humphrey, Allen, Glen Echo, Md. : Ring-necked snake and a water snake (63607). Hurley, Edward N., President, U. S. Shipping Board, Emergency Fleet Corporation, Philadelphia, Pa. : Bronze coin of Diocletian, 284-30.5, A. D. (62918). HuTSLER, Lieut. Francis L., U. S. Army, Washington, D. C. : Drum car- ried during the Civil War by John 146 REPORT or NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. HuTSLEB, Lieut. Fkancis L. — Contd. C. Hutsler, when drummer boy, Com- pany H, Seventh Maryland Volun- teers (63466, loan). Hyacinth, Bro. F., Ammendale, Md. : 388 specimens of plants from Mary- land (63080, 63239). Illing WORTH, Dr. F. L., Meringa, near Cairns, North Queensland, Australia : 48 specimens of named beetles and parasites (16 species of beetles and 3 species of parasites) from Aus- tralia and Fiji (63549). India, Government of (through Secre- tary of State for the Colonies, Lon- don, England) : Postage stamps of the Indian Expeditionary Forces in Europe, 1914, as follows: 3 pies, J, 1. 2, 2i, 3, 4, 8, 12 annas, and 1 rupee (63269). Indiana, Depaetment of Geology, In- dianapolis, Ind. (through Edward Barrett, State Geologist) : Specimen of plant, Laclniaria, from Indiana (62977, exchange). Indiana Historical Commission, In- dianapolis, Ind. : Bronze medal com- memorating, 1916, the centennial an- niversary of the admis-sion of the State of Indiana to the Union, 1816, and a bound volume entitled " The Indiana Medal " (63003). Ingeesoll, William R., National Di- rector, Department of Four Minute Men, Committee on Public Informa- tion, Washington, D. C. : Written and printed documents, posters, and photographs concerning the activities during the War with Germany of the Department of Four Minute Men of the Committee on Public Informa- tion (43 specimens) (63464). Instituto De BotAnica y Faemacolo- GiA. (See under Buenos Aires.) Instituto De La Salle. (See under Bogota, Colombia, and Brother Apol- linaire-Marie. ) Interior Department : 32 posters (63.352). United States Geological Survey; Jgpeons rocks ^nd miscelJajieous of-es Interior Department — Continued, from various localities in Utah and Colorado (62606) ; zirconiferous sandstone from near Ashland, Va., described by Mr. F. L. Hess in Vir- ginia Geological Survey Bulletin No. 8 and U. S. Geological Survey Bulle- tin 530-P (62844) ; a specimen of metallic bismuth from the American Smelting & Refining Co.'s Omaha plant (628.59) ; specimens of vanadi- um ore from Placerville, Colo., do- scribed by Mr. F. L. Hess in Bulletin 530, U. S. Geological Survey; also miscellaneous bismuth and other specimens (62882) ; jarosite sent to the survey by Mr. Frank Chancy, Cima, Calif. (63019) ; Pleistocene fossils representing 12 species, from terraces at Scammon's Lagoon, Lower California, collected by Messrs. H. S. Gale and E. R. Lloyd, May 1, 1918 (63071) ; a specimen of zircon-bearing sandstone from Ash- land, Va. (63087) ; 4 specimens of Triassic crinoids from Alaska, in- cluding types described by Dr. F. A. Bather (63323) ; a collection of rocks, with list and map, sent to the survey for examination by I\Ir. .lesus G. Ortega, Mazatlan, S i n a 1 o a, Mexico (63446). Ireneo, Bro. G., La Salle College, An- con. Canal Zone: 38 specimens of Lepidoptera (63059). Italy, Government or: (through the Ministry for Foreign Affairs and the Department of State) : Collec- tion of Italian postage stamps show- ing the types issued during the Euro- pean war (49 specimens) (62937). Iturbe, Dr. Juan, Caracas, Venezuela : I specimen of crab, PsenuJothelphusa , near garmani, from Rio Guiare, near Caracas, Venezuela, August 4, 1918, through Dr. A. S. Pearse (62764) ; II specimens of fresh-water crabs from Venezuela (63427). Jackson. Dr. Hartley H. T., U, S, Department of Agriculture, Wftf*!h LIST OF ACCESSION'S. 147 Jackson, Dr. Hartley H. T. — Gontd. ington, D. C. : Landshell from Wis- consin (62947). Jackson, Ttie Misses Sheldon, Wash- ington, D. C. : Carved slate plaque inlaid witli ivory, Haida IiKlians, soiitlieastern Alaska (63011). Jacot, Arthub, Brooklyn, N. T. : 25 Pyramidellid luollusks from Beau- fort, N. C. (62969). Jamaica, Government of, Kingston, Jamaica, Britisli West Indies (througli tlie Governor of Jamaica and the Secretary of State for the Colonies, London, England) : 12 Jamaican war stamps (63070) ; 4 specimens each of the 1 penny and 3 penny War Stamps of Turks and Caicos Islands, issued 1916-1918 (8 specimens) (63155). Jamaica, Go\'ernob of. (See under Cyril Coe.) James, C. W., Newport, Oreg. : 2 speci- mens of mollusk, Pholadidea penita, embedded in rock, from Oregon (63320). James, Mrs. Julian-, Washington, D. C. : Photograph of John Bigelow, Minister to France, 1865-^6 (62628) ; a platinum and gold chatelaine of the latter part of the nineteenth cen- tury (63016) ; 2 white embroidered dresses formerly the property of Mrs. Abby Knight McLane (63306) ; an umbrella with pearl handle, a pair of white satin slippers, and a lady's basque of blue camels hair (63568) ; a boot or shoehorn which belonged to " T. B. M." (63766, loan). (See also under Mrs. Grace Berry, Jlrs. R. G. Hoes, Mrs. Abby Knight McLane, Mrs. Sidney Mason, Mr. and Mrs. Partington, Mrs. Charles W. Richardson, and Miss du Viviers.) Jandorf, M. L., York. Pa. : A specimen of hodgkinsonite from Parker Shaft, Franklin, N. .L (63616, exchange). Jennings, Dr. O. E. (See under Car- negie Museum, Pittsburgh. Pa.) .ToHANSEN, Frits. (See under Victoria Memorial Museum, Ottawa, Canada.) .loiiNEs, William Foulke (through Mrs. Myrtle Giffen Johnes, execu- trix. New York City) : Sword pre- sented to Col. Stephen H. Long. U. S. Topographical Engineers (1784-1864), in recognition of his Rocky Mountain and other explora- tions, 1818-1824 (62887, bequest). Johnson, Charles, keeper, Tortugas Light, by way of Key West. Fla. : 20 specimens of birds (alcoholics) from Dry Tortugas, Fla. (63191, 63724). .TOKNSON, Ralph Cross, AVashington, D. C. : 24 oil paintings (63755). Johnson, Mrs. Ralph Cross, Washing- ton, D. C. : A German Bible of the year 1704 (63591) ; Cashmere shawl (63784, loan). Jones, Marcus E., Salt Lake City, Utah : 3 specimens of plants, cacti, from Utah (63645). Jones, M. B. ( See under New England Telephone & Telegraph Co.) JuDD, Neil M., U. S. National Museum : A shell bead found by the donor on the Old Post parade ground at Fort Sill, Okla., in December, 1918 (63127). JuDSON, Mrs. HosEA F., Fullerton, Nebr. : An American powder horn and ox-team whip, 1852-53 (62867). Kansas State Agricltltural Coli.ege. Manhattan, Kans. : 2 specimens of plants, Laciniaria (62633, ex- change). Kean, Brig. Gen. Jefferson Ran- dolph, Medical Corps, U. S. Army, Washington, D. C. : Silver-mounted telescope o\\Tied by Thomas Jeffer- son, and a miniature portrait of him by St. Memin (63004, loan). Kellers, Lieut. H. C, U. S. Navy, Seattle, Wash.: 114 lizards, 25 snakes and 2 fishes (63538). Kennedy, William, Fort Worth, Tex. : Skull and leg bone of a bear, Ursvs (63119). Keyser, E. W., Washington, D. C. : Sampler made by .lane Godfray. aged 7 years, 1814 (68163) ; ethno. 148 EEPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. KtYSEK, E. \\'.— Continued. logical material from various parts of the world, and a Russian em- broidered ecclesiastical square (63668, exchange). Kiixip, Ellswobth p., Pittsford, N. T. : 109 specimens of ferns and plants from Panama (63204. 63593) ; 8 .specimens of plants from New Jer- sey (a3721). Kimball, Mi.ss Kathabine D.. Smith- Si^jnian Institution : Specimen of plant from New Jersey (62663). Kingston, Jamaica. (See under Cay- man Islands, Government of the.) KiBK, Dr. Edwin, U. S. Geological Sur- vey, Washington, D. C. : 6 Haida skulls and a lot miscellaneous bones, and a Tlingit skull, collected by the donor during the summer of 1918 (62866) ; ethnological material collected by the donor in southeast- em Alaska during the sMmmer of 1918 (6324.5). KoNDO, Eizo, New York City : 1 un- used .Tapunese wood-block for wood- block cutting (6.3.567). Kkygeb, J. P., Gentofte, Denmark (through Dr. A. G. B0ving) : CoUec- tion of insects (63158). I.AB0E, Depaetment OF : rnited States Housinf/ Corpora- tion; United States Hom^ Registra- tion: 1 poster (63351). La Gabde, Jlrs. Richabd D., Washing- ton, D. C. (through the Misses Long) : Brussels lare fichu, 1840 C63501. loan) ; pair of mounted mal- lard ducks, mounted on a plaque (63716). Langfokd, Geobge, Joliet, 111. : 4 plaques with relief figures of restora- tions of prehistoric animals, and 2 plaques v.-ith relief figures of restora- tions of prehistoric man (63655). Langlais, Madame Claude, Washing- ton, D. C. : French Army winter and summer uniforms worn during the European War by Monsieur Claude Langlais, Machine Gun Unit, Thirty- Langlais, Madame Claude — Contd. third Infantry (8 specimens) (63496, loan ) . Lathbop, Mrs. John E., Washington, D. C. : 2 pieces of Auraucanian pot- tery from Chile, South America (62732, loan). Laughlin, Miss Emma E., Barnesville, Ohio: 2 seciraens of plants (62618) ; 3 specimens of plants from Ohio (63722). Laval Univeesitt, Quebec. Canada (through Mons. C. E. Dionne, curator of the Zoological Museum) : 6 skulls and some fragmentary bones, and 5 potsherds and a fragment of a pipe, found in the cemetery of a Huron village called Ihonatiria. County of Simcoe, Province of Ontario, Canada (63395, exchange). LaVakre, William J., Jr., New York City : Poisoned arrows, poisoned ar- row case, and basket for silk tree fiber, used by the Akawoia Indians of British Guiana, collected on the upper ;Maz9runi River. British Gui- ana, in 1917. by the donor (63736). Lawrence, Prof. William E. (See under Oregon State Agricultural Col- lege. ) Layton, Jliss Florence W., Washing- ington. D. C. : 2 specimens of plants (62646) ; specimens of plants from Maryland (63491. 63649). Leabn, Geobge A.. Wood Island, Ko- diak, Alaska : 43 specimens of marine mollusks, 1 barnacle, 1 v\-orm tube, 1 fragmentary bryozoan, and 1 frag- mentary calcareous alga from Kodiak Island, Alaska (63657). I/Eewabd Islands, Government of (through the Governor, and the Secretary of State for the Colonies at London, England) : Postage stamps of the Leeward Islands issued during the European War, 1914-1918 (32 specimens) (63463). Leland Stanford Junior Unrxrsitt, Stanford University, Calif, (through Prof. L^ Roy Abrams) : Specimen LIST OF ACCESSION'S. 149 LeLAND StAXFOBD JlTJaOB U^rrVEBSITY — Continued. of fern, Polifstichum dudleyi, from California (62863) ; specimen of a fern, Woodwardia, from California (63584, exchange). LE:vi£Ajf, Miss IsoBEL H., Washington, D. C. (through Mr. Anton Heit- muUer) : Collection of ethnologica from North American Indians, the Philippine Islands, Solomon Islands, British Columbia, and Europe (31 items) (62752) ; ethnological and archeological specimens from various localities (63057) ; 3 blankets of the Amasari Indians, Bolivia, South America (63375) ; collection of an- tiquities, including specimens from Egypt. Asia, Scandinavia, and New Guinea (29 specimens) (637.54, loan). I.EOx, Brother, Ck)legio de la SaUe, Vedado. Havana, Cuba: 38 speci- mens of plants and 24 specimens of ferns from Cuba (63(X)3. 63677). I.EOSAKD, Dr. William E., ilinne- apolLs, Minn, (through Dr. W. A. Dewey, Ann Arbor, Mich.) : 3 books illustrating the Historj- of Homeo- pathic Jledicine ( 63403 ) . Lewtox, F. L., U. S. National Mu.seum : German trench helmet, gas mask, and belt buckle use^l during the European War, 1914-1918 (63389, loan) ; copy of Laurie and Mc- Clatchey's Homeopathic Domestic Medicine, 12th eow, Dr. Claba Southmayd, Washington, D. C. : Addition of 20 family relics to " The Sutphen- Schenck-Hunt Memorial O>llection " (63517). 150 KEPORT OF ISTATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. LxjDwiG, George W., Camp Lee, Va. : A specimen of fossil wood from the Lower Cretaceous at Camp Lee (63424). LuMMis, George M., Fort Myers, Fla. : 3 specimens of plants from Florida (63729). McAtee, W. L., U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. : 79 specimens of plants from Maryland and Virginia (62683, 63055, 63193) ; 3 specimens of plants (63150). MacDonald, Dr. D. F., Houston, Tex. : 16 boxes of fossils from Panama (63188). McGowan, Mrs. E, N. (through Mrs. Julia S. McG. Brackett, Washington, D. C.) : 2 Alaskan Indian boxes (1 carved and 1 painted) (63274). McIndoe, James F., care Col. J. B. Cavanaugh, U. S. Army, Office of the Chief of Engineers, War Department, Washington, D. C. : A miscellaneous collection of fragments of the Ger- man airships L-49 and L-50 (27 pieces), and a copy of the French magazine Illustration of October 27, 1917, containing a view of L-4^ (63781, loan). McLane, Mrs. Abby Knight (Mrs. Allan McLane ) (through Mrs. Julian- James, Washington, D. C.) : White Canton cr§pe shawl, solidly embroidered, with long, heavy fringe, accompanied by a lacquer box to hold the shawl (63307) ; (through Mr. Andrew Hussey Allen, execu- tor) : The Hussey-Knight-McLane Collection of ethnologica, art objects, souvenirs, porcelains, etc., from vari- ous parts of the world, and engraved, lithographic, and photographic por- traits of the Presidents of the United States (1789-1917) (63786, bequest). IMcMiLLAN, B. S., Brewton, Ala. : Nest of a hornet (63315). McWiLLiAMS, Mrs. Anne Jonas, Alex- andria, Va. (through Hon. E. S. Candler) : Printed copy of a poem entitled " In Memoriam " and writ- ten on tlie back of a Confederate McWiLLiAMS, Mrs. Anne Jonas — Con. note in 1865 by Maj. S. A. Jones, Confederate States Army, bearing the autograph of the author (62780). Mackelden, J. W., St. Louis, Mo., and Froman a. Beach, Jerseyville, 111. : 9 Evans king snakes from Illinois and 3 young mice disgorged by one of the snakes (634.53). Mackelden, J. W., St. Louis, Mo. : 10 snakes from IMissouri and Illinois (63342). Mackle, Mrs. H. I., Washington, D. C. : Commission of James R. Stephenson, second lieutenant. Seventh Regiment of Infantry, U. S. Army, dated Feb- ruary 1, 1822, and signed by Presi- dent James Monroe and Secretary of War, J. C. Calhoun (62878, loan). Macneil, Paul H., Washington, D. C. (through Mrs. Elizabeth D. Macneil, Hammond, Ind.) : Partial cast, in copper, of a bowlder, and bone and stone implements from various locali- ties in the United States, and a minute Chinese drum (63088). Macoun, James M. (See under Can- ada, Geological Survey of.) Maiden, J. H. (See under Sydney, Australia, Botanic Gardens.) Maize, Mrs. Mary Ready, Lakeland, Fla. : A walrus tusk with engraving in black by a native Eskimo artist, collected by William H. Ready, brother of the donor, while in Alaska with the Stoney Expedition in 1880 or 1884 (63197). Mallinson & Co. (Inc.), H. R., New York City : 14 samples of " La Vic- toire " silks, illustrating the influence of the war upon textile design (63204). Man, Albert P., Washington, D. C. : A sandstone concretion from Bright- wood, D. C. (63425). Mann, Dr. William M., U. S. Depart- ment of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. : 1,000 specimens, 5 species, of moUusks from The Bluff, Eleuthera, Bahamas, and 13 .specimens, 2 spe- LIST OF ACCESSIONS. 151 Mann, Dr. William M. — Continued, cies, of isopod crustaceans from Porto Rico (62614) ; sponge from Isabel, British Solomon Islands (63209) ; 11 specimens of beetles, Cicindelidae, etc., from Brazil (63430) ; 35 specimens of Lycidae from Brazil and 21 specimens of Telephoridae (63431, deposit) ; 433 specimens of beetles from Brazil and Africa (63432). IMansfikld, Mrs. Richard, New Lon- don, Conn. : The Richard Mansfield collection of theatrical costumes and accessories, worn by Mr. Mansfield in his principal historical roles, 18S2-1907 (478 specimens) (62906). Marie-Victorin. (See under Longu- euil, College of.) Marriott, Crittenden, Washington, D. C. : Collection of prehistoric flint implements and bone fragments from the valley of the Izere River, Depart- ment of Dordogiie, France, collected by Crittenden Marx'iott, Y. M. C. A., and M. Peyrony, representative of the French Government, January, 1919 (63670). Marsh, Mrs. ChxVbles C. (See under Capt. Edward. H. Watson, U. S. Navy. ) Mabsh, O. Gaylord, U. S. consul, Pro- greso, Yucatan, Mexico (through U. S. Department of Agriculture, Office of Foreign Seed and Plant Introduc- tion) : A miniature bale of Henequen fiber (63391). Marshall, Ernest B., Laurel, Md. : 2 squirrels, Sciurus (62899) ; 3 bird skins from Laurel, JMd. (63040) ; skulls of 2 coons, Procyon, skulls of 18 muskrats. Ondatra, skull of a squirrel, Sciurus, and skulls of 4 minks, Mustela (63116, 63171, 63406) ; marsh hawk. Circus hiul- sonicus (63160). Marshall, George, U. S. National Museum ; 6 specimens of pirate perch, Aphredoclerus sayanus, and 1 specimen of darter, Hadropterus peltatus (62662) ; 8 specimens of plants from Maryland (62693). Mason, Mrs. Sidney, Philadelphia, Pa. (through Mrs. Julian- James, Wash- ington, D. C.) : Child's bonnet of shirred pink satin and blonde lace (63220) ; pair each of red, white, and blue cotton socks, worn by Miss- Helen Mason, of Philadelphia (63767). Loan. Massachusetts Horticultural So- ciety, Boston, Mass. (through Wm. P. Rich, secretary) : Fragment from the type specimen of a fern, Cheilan- thes fHirillosa, from California (62741). Massachusetts Mohair Plush Co., Boston, Mass. : 2 samples of mohair pile fabrics (63635). M.' tthai, J. C, Baltimore, Md. : A large slab of Mar Villa marble from Cockeysville, Md. (63042). Mayfield, W. H., Miami, Ariz. : Speci- men of moth, Telca polyphemus (62757). Me^vd, W. J., University of W^isconsiu, Madison, Wis.: 2 concretions from Panama (63602). Merck & Co., New York City: Speci- men of nux vomica seeds and 7 specimens of nux vomica products (63745). Mereiam, Dr. C. Hart, Washington, D. C. : 2 specimens of a fern, Poly- sticliwni munitum, from California (63340). Mestayer, Miss Marjorie K., Welling- ton, New Zealand : 64 specimens, 20 species, of New Zealand moUusks, including the paratypes of 5 new species (62678, part). Mestayer, R. L., Wellington, New Zea- land : 4 slides of Foraminifera, in- cluding 1,241 specimens from a dredging off the " Poor Knights " islands, east coast of New Zealand, by H. M. S. Einemoa (62678, part). Mexico, Mexico, Museo Nacional de Historia Naturale (through Dr. A. L. Herrera, director) : 1 gorgono- cephalid echinoderm, the type of Astrocynodus herrera-i, from the Gulf of Mexico (62979) ; 13 Mexican 152 REPORT OF NATI057AT. MUSEUM, 1919. Mexico, Mexico Museo Nacional de HiSTOKiA Natubat.e — Continued, turtles (63123) ; 10 microscopical preparations of Bio - artifacts (63207). Meter, H. F,, Smithsonian Institution : MoUusk, Pleurodonte aspera, found on a bunch of bananas in Washing- ton, D. C. (63733). Michigan, University or, Ann Arbor. Mich. : 277 specimens of plants from Michigan (62645, exchange). Midwest Refining Co., Denver, Col. ; Model of Salt Creek (Wyo.) oil field (63776). MiGEL, J. A. (Inc.), New York City: 2 samples of dress silks (62992). Miller, G. S., jr., U. S. National Mu- seum: Bat, Nycteris borealU (alco- hoUc) (63115). MiLLiKAN, Lt. Col. R. A. (See under Edward E. Nichols.) MiLLNEE, I. B., U. S. Geological Sur- vey, Washington, D. C. : Basket of interlaced palm leaf from Tutuila, Samoa (63400). Miner, Mrs. M. J., Washington, D. C. : A straw basket brought from Ma- deira in 1840, and a cup and saucer of old English ware (62730). Minnesota, University of, Minneapo- lis, Minn. : A complete Individual of meteoric stone weighing I.ISO kilo- grams, from Richardton, N. D. (63126, exchange). Misak, Fred, Infantry School of Arms, Camp Banning, Columbus, Ga. (through Mr. W. E. Safford) : A specimen of fossil cephalopod from near Columbus, Ga. (63386). Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Mo. (through Dr. J, M. Green- man, curator) : Specimen of a fern, CJieilanthes feet, from Jlissouri (62912) ; specimen of plant, Sela gi- rt ella landii, from Mexico (63014, exchange). ]\Iitchell, S. a., U. S. Food Adminis- tration, Washington, D. C. : Rubber life-saving suit for use in case of submarine attack, of the type worn Mitchell, S. A. — Continued, during the European War, 1914-1918 (63264). Molybdenum Products Co., Minneapo- lis. Minn, (through Mr. F. L. Hess) : Concentrates of molybdenite (62847) . MooNEY, Walworth Merritt (through Miss Carolina J. Mooney, Brooklyn, N. Y.) : A collection of 151 horse- nails (62853). INIoRBY, Miss Mildred, Chenowith, Wash. : Specimen of oil beetle, MeJoe strirujiilosus (63592). More, R. L., Vernon, Tex. (through Dr. O. P. Hay) : Tooth and jaw or mam- moth and bone fragments of an eden- tate (62922). Moeeira, Dr. Carlos, Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil : Crustacean, Aefllea intermedia, collected in Santa Catharina, Brazil, by the donor (63287). Morse, Edward L., Pittsfield, Mass. : Marble bust of S. F. B. Morse, by Horatio Greenough, 1831 (\vlth pedestal) (63089). MosiER, C. A., Homestead, Fla. : Box turtle from Homestead, Fla. (63396). (See also under Florida Federation of Women's Clubs. ) Mott, Dr. George, Caxambas. Fla. (through Bureau of Fisheries) : Specimen of fish, Dules suhUgarius, collected by fishermen at Caxam- bas (62839) ; 8 specimens, 8 species, of echinoderms, crustaceans and mollusks from Caxambas (63536). Motter, Dr. IMuRRAY Galt, Washing- ton, D. C. : 4 old books on the sub- ject of Materia Medica and Thera- peutics (63688). MoxLEY, George L., Los Angeles, Calif. : Specimen of fern, Cheilmi- thes covillei, from California (62673) ; specimen of fern from Vera Cruz, Mexico (63560). MuiE, Dr. John M., Tampico, Tamps, Mexico (through Dr. J. Walter Fewkes) : 3 well-made clay heads from the neighborhood of Panuco, Mexico (63524). LIST OF ACCESSIONS. 153 MuNK, Dr. Joseph A., Los Angeles, Calif, (through Dr. John Uri Lloyd, Cincinnati, Ohio) : 23 volumes of the Transactions of the National Eclectic Association (63689). MuNROE, Miss Helen, Smithsonian In- stitution : Small piece of German cloth woven from paper yarn, picked up at Fere-en-Tardenois, France, at a ruined German railhead by the brother of the donor, a member of the American Expeditionary Forces (63121). MusEU GoELDi. (See under Para, Brazil.) MusEu RocHA. (See under Ceara, Brazil. ) Museum of the American Indian, the Heye Foundation, New York City : Skeletal material from excavations at Hawikuh, New Jlexico, collected during the field seasons of 1917 and 1918 by Mr. F. W. Hodge (63196). Myee, W. E., Carthage, Tenn. : Mol- lusk, lo spinosa, from Tennessee (63232). Myers, George Hewitt, Washington, D. C. : Collection of art rugs em- bracing the principal varieties from Persia, Asia Minor, Syria, Armenia, Anatolia, Turkestan, Bakhara, Cau- casia, etc. (50 specimens) (63570, loan ) . Myntti, Mike, Ophir, Alaska : A jaw- bone and other bones of a fossil horse from Alaska (62860). National Lead Co., New York City : Lead ore (3,000 pounds); "pig" lead (2 specimens) ; corroded and uncorroded buckles; 5 corroding pots, and 11 specimens of lead com- pounds (2 quarts each) (63775). Nationai, Society of the Colonial Dames of America, Washington, D. C. (through Mrs. Carolyn Gilbert Benjamin ) : Shoe buckle, match box, and seal owned by Gen. Washington and a pin decorated with a miniature portrait of him ; eyeglass, 2 pins, and a piece of lace owned by Mrs. Washington ; original inaugural ad- National Society of the Colonial Dames of America — Continued, dress of President James Monroe and a pair of gloves worn by him, lent to tlie society by Miss Nannie Randolph Heth (63544, loan). National War Garden Commission, Washington, D. C. : 8 posters (633.50) . Navy Department (through G. S. Burrell and Commander John Rodgers, U. S. Navy) : An Indian skeleton, 2 bones of which are pene- trated, by metal arrowheads, found by G. S. Burrell, civil engineer, dur- ing recent excavation^' at United States submarine base, New London, Connecticut, and forwarded through Commander John Rodgers, U. S. Navy, commander of the base (62729) ; 2 emergency rations of the type used in the U. S. Navy, 1918 (62945) ; United States naval uni- forms, equipment, rating badges and specialty marks, 1918 (225 speci- mens) (62954) ; United States naval rating badges as follows: Chief signalman (blue) ; signalman, first class (blue) ; chief carpenter's mate (white) (63110) ; (through M. D. Schaefer, Washington, D.' C.) 29 recruiting posters issued by the U. S. Navy Department, 1917-18, dur- ing the European War (63313). Bureau of Cwistruction and Re- pair: Models of the U. S. cruiser Denvei; and the battleships Con- necticut, Yermmit and Oklahoma, launched, respectively, 1902, 1904, and 1914 (63749, loan). Bureau of Navigation: 2 bronze badges of the type awarded by the Navy Department for services dur- ing the Nicaraguan campaign. 1912, and the Haitian campaign, 1915, re- spectively (62966). 17. S. CoaM Guard: 46 U. S. Coast Guard rating badges, 1918 (62952). v. S. Marine Corps : Uniform and equipment of the type issued to en- listed men of the U. S. Marine Corps, 1918 (12 specimens) (62971) ; uni- form chevrons and specialty marks 154 REPORT OF NATIONAL. MUSEUM, 1019. Navy Depaetment — Continued, of the type worn by noncommissionetl officers and enlisted men of tlie U. S. Marine Corps, 1918 (85 specimens) (63062) ; winter Held unifoi-m of tlie type worn by enlisted women of the U. S. Marine Corps, 1918 (9 speci- mens) (63266) ; U. S. Marine Corps, Recruiting Publicity Bureau: 25 recruiting post- ers (63370). Neufeldt, Mrs. John, Zionsville, Pa. : 13 freshwater pearls from near Palm, Pa. (63445). New England Telephone & Tele- GKAPH Co., Boston, Mass. (through M. B. Jones, first vice president) : 2 sections of submarine telephone cable (62631). Newfoundland, Goveknment of, St. Johns, Newfoundland (through Sec- retary of State for the Colonies, Lon- don, England): War stamps of New- foundland issued in 1919 (24 speci- mens) (63243). New Jersey Zinc Co., The, New York City : 43 specimens of metallic zinc products and zinc compounds (63773). New Yokk Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, New York City (through Dr. N. L. Britton, director) : 8 specimens of plants and 4 specimens of ferns from Jamaica (62604, 63192, 63713) ; specimen of plant from New York (62611) ; 5 specimens of ferns and 1 specimen of moss from the West Indies (62820, 63587) ; specimen of plant from Florida (62877) ; 14 speci- mens of plants from the Isle of Pines, Cuba (62987, 63169) ; 94 specimens of mosses from the United States and Canada (62995) ; 293 specimens of mosses, chiefly from the United States (63145) ; 20 specimens of plants (63238, 63594) ; specimen of fern from South Carolina (63318) ; specimen of fern from Colombia (63415) ; 500 specimens of plants collected in Colombia by Messrs. Rusby and Pennell (63526) ; 3 speci- New Yoek Botanical Garden — Contd. mens of ferns from T o r t o 1 a (63646). Exchange. Nichols, Edwakd E., Manitou Springs, Colo, (through Lieut. Col. R. A. Mil- likan) : Specimen of smoky quartz, 1 of milky quartz, and 3 of iron pyrites (62704). Nicholson, Miss Grace, Pasadena, Calif.: A series of 21 photographs showing the method employed and various stages in the chipping of obsidian blades by Theodore Orcutt, a Karok Indian, of northern Cali- fornia ; also a series of 16 chisels of antler, one attached to handle, illus- trating the different sizes used by Mr. Orcutt in the chipping process (63276). NiTOBE, Mrs. Inazo, Tokyo, Japan (through Dr. Charles D. Walcott) : 2 Malay head hunter's bags from the east coast of Formosa Island, Japan (63068). Nobles, Fred I. (See under William J. Drew.) Norton, J. B., U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. O. : Specimen of plant from Masai- chusetts (62856). NoYES, Frank B., Washington, D. C. : Portrait of Hon. Franklin K. Lane, by Ossip Parelma (62670). NoYES, John, R., Kenwood, N. Y. : United States 5-cent piece issued 1913 (63063). Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (through Prof. Robert F. Griggs) : 3 specimens of plants from Alaska (63444). Ohlingeb, Mrs. F. E., Frostproof, Fla. : Specimen of plant from Florida (63687). Oldroyd, Mrs. T. S., Stanford Uni- versity, Calif. : 21 specimens, 11 species, of moUusks from California (62886) ; 300-f crustaceans from the west coast of the United States (63148). LIST OF ACCESSIONS, 155 Olmsted, Mrs. H. F., Washington, D. C. : Foot stove made during tine Colonial period by Benjamin Farmer of Rutland, Vt. (1742-1840) (63164). Oppenheim, Richaed, Roseville Nurs- eries, St. Helier, Channel Islands: 12 siiecimens of Tlurella singularis and 1 specimen of Heleciutn pusillus (coelenterates) from the British Channel Islands (62793). Okcutt, Charles R., La Jolla, Calif. : 17 species of shells from the beach at La Jolla (63007) ; 30 species of Quaternary fossils from La Jolla (63256) ; 4 salamanders from San Diego, Calif. (63467). Oregon State Agkicultxtral College, CorvaUis, Oreg. (through Prof. Wil- liam E. Lawrence) : 148 specimens of plants from Oregon (62798, 62907, 03720, exchange) ; 139 specimens of plants from Oregon (63084, 63494) ; tlu-ough Miss Grace M. Cole: speci- men of plant from Oregon (62782). OsBXiBN, Raymond C, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio: 79 microscopic slides with notes and sketches made by Oscar Harger in connection with his report on New England isopods (62897). OsTERHOUT, Geo. E., Windsor, Colo. : 5 siiecimens of plants from Colorado (62855). O'Sttllivan, Thomas B., Washington, D. C. : An oil painting entitled " The Madomia and Child," attributed to Raphael (63669, loan). OuELLET, Rev. J., Outremont, Quebec: 2 specimens of flies — Hippelates n. sp., and HydrelUa cruralis (63603). Owen, E. T., University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. (through Mr. William Schaus) : About 1,000 Lepidoptera and 500 Hymenoptera from Argen- tina (63331). Pack, H. J., Salt Lake City, Utah : 15 lizards' from Great Salt Lake, Utah (62785). Palmer, William, U. S. National Mu- seum : Skin and skull of a mounted rabbit, Sylvilagus (63228) ; speci- Palmek, William — Continued. men of summer flounder, ParalicJi- thys dentatus, from near South Chesapeake Beach, May 7, 1919 (63557) ; flicker. Colapten miratu-i luteus, from Virginia (63727). Paea, Brazil, Museu Goeldi (through Dr. J. Simao da Costa, Director) : 1,017 specimens of plants collected in Brazil by Dr. A. Ducke (63262, exchange). Parke, Davis & Co., Detroit, Mich. : 18 official preparations of opium, and a series of specimens showing steps in the manufacture of glass ampoules (63550). Parks, W. S. (See under Columbia Graphophone Co.) Partington, Mr. and Mrs. F. E. (through Mrs. Julian- James, Wash- ington, D. C. ) : Specimens of infants' wearing apparel of 1856-7, and a lady's velvet handkerchief-bag of 1830, all from the State of Maine (63765, loan). Paska, John, Selleck, Wash. : Bar- nacle from Point Gamble, Wash. (63303). Pateeson, William, Cresson, Pa. (through David White) : Fragments of mineral charcoal from No. 7 mine of Pennsylvania Coal & Coke Corporation at Amsby, Gallatin Township, Cambria County, Pa. (63326). Peael Peoducts Co., The, Benton Har- bor, Mich. : 2 inollusks of the species Lymnaca palustris, bred from un- known parentage (63247). Peasse, Dr. A. S., University of Wis- consin, Zoological Laboratory, Madi- son, Wis. : 13 specimens, 3 species, of decapod crustaceans collected in Venezuela (63043). (See also under Dr. Juan Iturbe.) Peckham, Miss Maey W., Providence, R. I. : Pebbles of thomsonite and lintonite collected by Stephen F. Peckham on the north shore of Lake Superior (63085). 156 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. Pelant, Chables, Czec'hoslovac Na- tional Alliance, New York City : Postage stamps of Austria, Czecho- slovakia and Jugo-Slavia, issued 1916-17 (38 specimens) (63710). Penny, F. W., Pointe-a-Pierre, Trini- dad, British West Indies (through Dr. T. Wayland Vaughan) : A col- lection of fossil corals fi-ora Trinidad (63186). Perez, Gilbert S., Lucena, Tayabas, P. I. : 75 specimens, 4 species, of shells, including the types of 3 new sub- species from the Philippine Islands (62703). Perkins, Cecil F., Ogonquit, Me. : A cluster of fish eggs, probably sculpin, Myoxocephalus sp. (62640). Perry, Lewis E., U. S. National Museum : Specimen ear of White Leaming corn grown in Perry Town- ship, Fayette County, Ohio (63039). Pester, Capt. L. C, Chicago, 111. : Shed skin of a blacksuake, Coluber constrictor (63693). Pfizer & Co. (Inc.), Chas., New York City : 15 specimens of organic and inorganic medicinal chemicals (63208). I'HiLip, Hon. Hoffman, care Depart- ment of State, Washington, D, C. : Bronze statuette of Dionysius on a marble base ; part of stone statuette of an Egyptian lady or goddess ; a Phenician iridescent glass vase found in Syria and a Neopolitan dressed terra-cotta figurine of a Kur- dish porter at Cairo, Egypt (63520) ; an oil painting " The Infant Jesus and St. John," by Rubens (1633) (63521, loan). Philippine Islands, Government of THE, Manila, P. I. : Bureau of Science: 12 photographs of type specimens of plants (62643) ; 5,600 specimens of plants chiefly from the Philippine Islands (63185.) Exchange. Philipse, Miss Catharine W., New York City (through Mrs. R. G. Hoes) : White cotton counterpane, 2 Philipse, Miss Catharine W. — Con. polonaise dresses (incomplete), and a pair of white kid gloves, of the latter part of the nineteenth century (63025, loan). PiLSBRY, Dr. Henry A., Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa. : 15 specimens, 2 species, of mollusks from Bermuda and California, topo- types of Vertigo (62970) ; land shell, Biclimvlus nigromontanus, from Pina Blanca Canyon, above Oro Blanco road, Pina County, Ariz., collected by J. H. Ferriss (63708). Piper, Prof C. V., U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. : Type specimen of a plant, Yaccinium coccineiim (02610) ; 5 land shells from Moclips, Wash., collected by the donor (62754). (See also under M. W. Gorman.) Pittier, H., U. S. Department of Agri- culture, Washington, D. C. : 900 specimens of Venezuela plants (63036, 63288) ; about 600 specimens of plants from Venezuela (63184). PooLE, A. J., Washington, D. C. : Skin and skull of a white-footed mouse, Peromyscus (62747). PoPENOE, Wilson, Washington, D. C. : Rubber poncho made in Guatemala and covered with pure gum " Ule " (63788). Pobterfield, Charles, Charles Town, W. Va. : Daguerreotype portrait of Alexander D. Bache (1806-1867) (63317). Post, George, Sebastopol, Calif. : Col- lection of obsidian chips and rejects found beneath the surface near Se- bastopol, Calif. (62802). Post Office Department: 10 sets of specimen stamps, etc., in triplicate (1,324 specimens) received from the International Bureau of the Univer- sal Postal Union, Berne, Switzei-land (62632, 62736, 62884, 63060, 63060, 63134, 63332, 63490, 63577, 63779) ; United States postage stamps, issue- zawa. pp. 525-556, pis. 84, 85. No. 2248. On the Fayette County, Texas, meteorite finds of 1878 and 1900 and the probability of their repre- senting two distinct falls. By George P. Merrill, pp. 557-561, pis. 86, 87. No. 2249. Descriptions and notes on some ichneumon - flies from Java. By S. A. Rohwer. pp. 563-570. No. 2250. New marine shells from Panama. By Paul Bartsch. pp. 571-575, pi. 88. No. 2251. On the anatomy of Nyctibius with notes on allied birds. By Alexander Wetmore. pp. 577-586. No. 2252. Four new African parasitic Hymenoptera belonging to the subfamily INIicrogas- terinae. By A. B. Gahan. pp. 587-590. No. 2253. Description of ten new iso- pods. By Pearl L. Boone, pp. 591-604, pis. 89-92. No. 2254. A new West Indian fossil land shell. By Paul Bartsch. pp. 605, 606, pi. 93. No. 2255. Annotated catalogue of a collection of birds made by Mr. Copley Aniory, jr., in northeastern Siberia. By J. H. Riley, pp. 607- 626. No. 2256. Fossil plants from the late Tertiary of Oklahoma. By Edward W. Berry, pp. 627-636, pis. 94, 95. No. 2257. A new genus and species of multibrachiate ophiuran of the family Gorgono- cephalidae from the Ca- ribbean Sea. By Austin H. Clark, pp. 637-640, pi. 96. FROM VOLUME 5 5 OF THE PROCEEDINGS. No. 2258. The adult Taenioid cestodes of dogs and cats, and of related carnivores in North America. By Mau- rice C. Hall. pp. 1-94. 143943°— 20 12 No. 2259. A heretofore undescribed meteoric stone from Kan- sas City, Missouri. By George P. Merrill, pp. 95, 96, pis. 1, 2. 178 REPORT OF N-ATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. No. 2260. A new restoration of Tricer- atops, with notes on the osteology of the genus. By Charles W. Gilmore. pp. 97-112, pis. 3-9. No. 2261. New reared parasitic Hy- menoptera with some notes on synonymy. By A. B. Gahan. pp. 113-128. No. 2262. The birds of the Tambelan Islands, South China Sea. By Harry C. Oberholser. pp. 129-143. No. 2263. Descriptions of new African earthworms, including a new genus of Moniligas- tridae. By Frank Smith and Bessie R. Green, pp. 145-166. No. 2264. Bees in the collection of the Unitetl States National Museum.— 3. By T. D. A. Cockerell. pp. 167-221. No. 2265. Notes on the wrens of the genus Nannus Billberg. By Harry C. Oberholser. pp. 223-236. No. 2266. Additions and corrections to " The Type-species of the Genera of the Cynipoidea or the Gall Wasps and Parasitic Cynipoids." By S. A. Rohwer and Mar- garet M. Fagan. pp. 237- 240. No. 2267. The branchiobdellid worms in the collections of the United States National Museum, with descrip- tions of new genera and new species. By Max M. Ellis. pp. 241-265, pis. 10-13. No. 2268. Notes on birds collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott on Pulo Taya, Berhala Strait, Southeastern Su- matra. By Harry C. Oberholser. pp. 267-274. No. 2269. Hemiptera collected by the Yale-Dominican Expedi- tion of 1913. By Ed- mund H. Gibson, pp. 275-277. No. 2270. IMiocene fossil plants from northern Peru. By Ed- ward W. Berry, pp. 279- 294, pis. 14-17. No. 2271. Five new species of ptinid beetles. By W. S. Fisher, pp. 295-299. No. 2272. New land shells from the Philippine Islands. By Paul Bartsch. pp. 301- 307, pis. 18-20. No. 2273. On certain genera of atherine fishes. By David Starr Jordan, pp. 309-311. No. 2274. A new species of parasitic copepod, with notes on species already described. By Charles Branch Wil- son, pp. 313-316, pi. 21. No. 2275. Distribution and use of slings in pre-Columbian America, with descrip- tive catalogue of ancient Peruvian slings in the United States National Museum. By Philip Ains- worth Means, pp. 317- 349, pis. 22-27. No. 2276. A revision of the subspecies of the white-collared king- fisher, Sauropatis chloris (Boddaert). By Harry C. Oberholser. pp. 351-395. No. 2277. On a rare species of half- be^k, Hemiramphus ba- lao, from Cuba. By David Starr Jordan, pp. 397, 398. No. 2278. The races of the Nicobar megapode, Megapodius nicobariensis Blyth. By Harry C. Oberholser. pp. 399-402. No. 2279. Notes on some genera and species of chalcid-flies be- longing to the Aphelini- nae with description of a new species. By A. B. Gahan. pp. 403-407. No. 2280. Exploration of a pit house village at Luna, New Mexico. By Walter Hough, pp. 409-431, pis. 28-38. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 179 No. 2282. Notes on Dr. W. L. Abbott's second collection of birds from Simalur Island, Western Sumatra. By Hari'y C. Oberholser. pp. 473-498. No. 2283. Descriptions of new species of chitons from the Pacific coast of America. By William Healey Dall. pp. 499-516. No. 2284. Descriptions of new North American ichneumon-flies. By R. A. Cushman. pp. 517-543. No. 2285. Report on a collection of copepoda made in Hon- duras by F. J. Dyer. By C. Dwight Marsh, pp. ,545-548, pi. 49. No. 2286. North American parasitic copepods belonging to the new family Sphyriidae. By Charles Branch Wil- son, pp. 549-604, pis. 50-59. No. 2287. Descriptive catalogue of the collection of ecclesiastical art In the United States National Museum. By I. M. Casanowicz. pp. 605- 649, pis. 60-97. Eight-page folder. Brief guide to the Arts and Industries and History Building. LIST OF PAPERS BY MEMBERS OF THE MUSEUM STAFF AND OTHERS, BASED DIRECTLY OR INDI- RECTLY ON MATERIAL IN THE NATIONAL COLLEC- TIONS, PUBLISHED BY THE MUSEUM AND ELSE- WHERE DURING THE FISCAL YEAR 1918-1919. Aldfich, J. M. Two new Hydrotaeas (Diptera, Anthomyidae). Can. Ent., vol. 50, no. 9, Sept. 10, 1918, pp. 311- 314. The type of one of the speclea described in this paper Is in the United States National Museum. New and little-known Cana- dian Oscinidae. Can. Ent., vol. 50, no. 10, Oct. 10, 1918, pp. 336- 343, five text figs. Of the species described in this paper the types of two and paratypes of the other two are in the United States National Museum. The Dipterous genus Iraito- niyia Tns. (Himantostoma Lw.) Can Ent., vol. 51, no. 3, Mar. 31, 1919, p. 64. Gives notes on synonymy and distribution of the American /. sugens Loew. Two new genera of Antho- myidae (Dipt.). Proc. Ent. Soc. Washing- ton, vol. 21, no. 5, May 5, 1919, pp. 106-109, one text figure. Describes Pergandea apivora, new genus and new species from Missouri, and Sphenomyia kincaidi, new genus and new species from Alaska. Leiomyza in North America (Dipt.; Drosophilidae). Ent. News, vol. 30, no. 5, May, 1919, pp. 137-141. Describes two new species, giv- ing a key, paratypes of both species having been deposited in the United States National Museum. Allen, Glov'er M. The American Col- lared Lemmings (Dicrostonyx). Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 62, no. 13, Feb., 1919, pp. 509-540, 1 pi., 1 fig. A revision of the group, based partly on material in the United States National Museum. Bangs, Outram. A new striated grass warbler from the Philippines. Proc. New England Zool. Club, vol. 7, June 6, 1919, pp. 5, 6. The Philippine bird is separated from the typical form of Java, and named Megalurus palustris farbe»i. and G. K. Noble. List of birds collected on the Harvard Peruvian expedition of 1916. Auk, vol. 35, no. 4, Oct., 1918, pp. 442-463. Notes and comment on 151 species and subspecies, of which 9 are described as new. and Thomas E. Penaed. Some critical notes on birds. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 63, no. 2, June, 1919. pp. 21-40. Corrections of nomenclature and descriptions of new forms, based on a study of the Lafresnaye col- lection now in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Cnemosco- PU8 is designated as new genus of sparrows. Barber, H. S. Notes and descriptions of some orchid weevils. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washing- ton, vol. 19, nos. 1-4, Sept. 23, 1918, pp. 12-22. pi. 4. Describes variation in Cholus forhcsii. C. cattleyae, Acythopeus 181 182 REPORT OF NATIONAI. MUSEUM, li>19. Barber, H. S. — Continued. atterimus and A. orchivora ; de- cribes A. gilvonotatus, new species, Eucactopliaf/us iccis»iy and E. Mocellatus, new species. Avocado seed weevils. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washing- ton, vol. 21, no. .S, Mar. 18, 1919, pp. 53-60, pi. 2. Restricts HeAUpus lauri Bohe- man and Conotracheliis scrpen- tiniis Boheman and describes II. pittieri, and C. perseac, new spe- cies, adding notes on several other insects of the avocado. —J (See also under E. A. Schwarz.) P..\RBOtm, Thomas and Charles T. Ramsden. The herpetology of Cuba. Memoirs Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 47, no. 2, May, 1919, pp. 71-213, pis. 1-15. Based in part upon material in the TJ. S. National Museum, with numerous cuts previously pub- lished by the National Museum. Barret, Harvey P. (See under Har- rison G. Dyar.) Bartsch, Paul. Footnote on garden slugs. Farmers' Bull., U. 8. Dept. Agric, No. 959, June, 1918 (received July 3, 1918), p. 3. Discusses concisely the 32 spe- cies of fiarden slugs reported for the United States, with especial reference to Agriolimaw agrestis Linnaeus, its economic significance and means of extermination. Biological explorations in Bartsch, Paul. New land shells from the Philippines. Natitilus, vol. 32, no. 1, July, 1918, pp. 15. 16. Describes three new subspecies of Philippine land shells, donated to the TJ. S. National Museum by Mr. Walter F. Webb. A key to the sub.species of Cuba and Haiti. I^mithfionian Misc. Colls., vol. 68, no. 12, July 24, 1918. pp. 40, illustrated. An account of field work in Cuba and Haiti by Mr. John B. Hender- son and Dr. Paul Bartsch, who especially investigated the land mollusks of these regions. Material collected deposited in the U. 8. National Museum. A visit to the Cerion colonies in Florida. Smith soman Misc. Colls. vol. 68, no. 12, July 24, 1918, pp. 48, 49. Preliminary report on this year's progress in the author's Cerion breeding experiments. Leptopoma nitidum Sowerby of the Philippine Island.s. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 8, no. 15, Sept. 19, 1918, pp. 532-535. A synoptic key of the subspecies of Leptopoma nitidum and de- scriptions of 15 new subspecies. The status of Loboa brunoi Von Ihering. Nwutilus, vol. .^2, no. 2, Oct., 1918, pp. 53, 54, fig. 7 of pi. 4. Remarks on this species based on material submitted for examina- tion to U. S. National Museum. A new marine mollusk of the genus Cerithiopsis from Florida. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing- ton, vol. 31, Nov. 29, 1918, pp. 135, 136. Describe Cerithiopsis (Cerithi- opsis) vanhyningi from Tampa Bay, Florida. The type and two additional specimens are in the collections of the U. S. National Museum ; seven paratypes are in the collec- tions of the Florida State Museum. Four new mollusks from the Philippine Islands. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing- ington, vol. 31, Nov. 29, 1918, pp. 153, 154. Describes four new subspecies of Philippine land shells donated to the U. S. National Museum by Mr. Walter F. Webb. Classification of the Philip- pine operculate land shells of the family Helicinidae, with a synopsis of the species and subspecies of the genus Geophorus. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 8, no. 20, Dec. 4, 1918, pp. 643-657. A synopsis of the superspeclfic groups of the family Helicinidae LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 183 Bartsch, Paul — Continued. with keys and brief comments on the species and subspecies of the genus Oeophorus of the Philip- pines. Two subgenera, 18 species and 10 subspecies are described as new. Two new land shells of the Epiphragmophora traskii group. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 54, no. 2248, Dec. 23, 1918, pp. 52.'}, 524, pi. 83. A discussion of two additional species of this group collected by Mr. Herbert N. Lowe in the mountains of southern California, and donated to the collections of the U. S. National Museum. New marine shells from I'an- ama. shell. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 54, no. 2250, Dec. 23, 1918, pp. 571-575, pi. 88. Reports and figures five new species of mollusks collected by Mr. James Zetek in Panama and donated to the U. S. National Mu- seum collections. A new West Indian fossil land Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 54, DO. 2254, Dec. 26, 1918, pp. 605, 606, pi. 93. Describes and figures Pleuro- donte debooyi, new species, from the kitchen midden deposits on Salt River, northern St. Croix, West Indies. New marine mollusks from the Philippine Islands. Proc. Biol. Sac. Washing- ton, vol. 31, Dec. 30, 1918, pp. 181-187. Describes eight new species and two new subspecies of Philippine marine mollusks. Based on Mu- seum material. Three new Philippine land shells. Proc. Biol. 8oc. Washing- ton, vol. 31, Dec. 30, 1918, pp. 199-201. Describes 3 new subspecies of Philippine land shells donated to the V. S. National Museum by Mr. C. M. Weber. Baetsch, Patol. a new Epiphragmo- phora from the coast range of Cali- fornia. Nautilus, vol 32, no. 4, Apr., 1919, pp. 126, 127. Describes EpiphragmopJiora tu- diculata colusaensis, donated to the National Museum by Mr. George Willett. Critical remarks on Philippine land shells with descriptions of now forms. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing- ton, vol. 32, Apr. 11, 1919, pp. 15-19. This paper embraces a diag- nosis of five new subspecies of Philippine land shells and a dis- cussion of involved nomenclatorial problems concerning some of the names bestowed upon species long ago. Abstract of address : Sym- posium on what constitutes a sub- species. J own. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 9, no. 8, Apr. 19, 1919, pp. 236, 237. The author's opinion of the status of a subspecies with ref- erence to mollusks. ■ Abstract of remarks on a purple finch. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 9, no. 8, Apr. 19, 1919, p. 234. New land shells from the Philippine Islands. Proc. V. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 55, no. 2272, Apr. 28, 1919, pp. 301-307, pis. 18-20. Presents a critical diagnosis of eight Philippine land shells, seven of which are new to science, secured in Maquebenga, Luzon, through a native collector and do- nated to the U. S. National Museum by Mr. Walter F. Webb. Bassler, Ray S. (See under Ferdi- nand Canu.) Bell, Mary M. (See under Maynard M. Metcalf.) Belote, Theodore T. The war col- lections of the United States Na- tional Museum. Daughters Amer. Rev. Mag., vol. 53, no. 2, Feb., 1919, pp. 63-78, 12 pis. 184 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. Belote, Theodoee T. — Continued. This article outlines thie ac- tivities of the Museum in con- nection with the War Collections. The illustrations are all from the original objects belonging to the Museum collection. Benjamin, Marcus. Richard Rath- bun. Science (n. s.) vol. 48, no. 1236, Sept. 6, 1918, pp. 231-235, portrait. A brief biography of the lata Assistant Secretary in charge of the National Museum. Court costumes worn by American Diplomats. Daughters Amer. Rev. Mag., vol. 52, no. 11, Nov., 1918, pp. 638-645. A brief description of the various types of official costumes worn by American representatives in foreign countries. Berry, Edward W. Fossil plants from the Late Tertiary of Oklahoma. Proe. U. S. Nai. Mus., vol. 54, no. 2256, Nov. 19, 1918, pp. 627-636, pis. 94, 95. Six determinable species, of which four are new, and three ad- ditional forms that are generically but not specifically recognizable, are here described. All of the forms appear to have been alluvial species of river bottoms and most of them have their genera still represented in the valleys of the principal streams that enter Oklahoma from the Coastal Plain of the Gulf States. The author regards their age as upper Miocene. The fossil higher plants from the Canal Zone. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 103, Jan. 11, 1919, pp. 15-44, pis. 12-18. The fossil flora at present known from the Canal Zone is ex- tremely limited and entirely too small for either purposes of exact correlation or for deductions con- cerning the true botanical fades or the environmental conditions. The author, however, is not in- clined to consider any of the plants described in the present paper, with the exception of one Eocene species, as younger thaa Burdigalian nor older than San- Berry, Edward W. — Continued. noisian. Seventeen species, 14 of which are new, are determined, and two or three additional forms are tentatively recognized. The types are in the collections of the U. S. National Museum and Johns Hopkins University. Miocene fossil plants from northern Peru. Proc. V. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 55, no. 2270, Apr. 28, 1919, pp. 279-294, pis. 14-17. Based upon a small collection of fossil plants obtained by C. F. Winslow in 1875, near Tumbez, Peru. The described species num- ber 14, of which 0 are only pro- visional identifications and 5 are new. The author is disposed to consider the age to be Burdigalian. The principal interest in the paper is the decisive evidence furnished of the very different climatic con- ditions formerly existing in this desert region, and the rather far- reaching correlations which it is possible to make. BiGELOw, Henry B. Contributions to the biology of the Philippine Archi- pelago and adjacent regions : Hydro- medusae, Siphonophores, and Cteno- phores of the Albatross Philippine Expedition. Bull. V. 8. Nat. Mus., no. 100, pt. 5, May 22, 1919, pp. 279-362. pis. 39-43. Presents an exhaustive sys- tematic report on the Hydrome- dusae, Siphonophores, and Cteno- phores of the Philippines and ad- jacent regions treating of 52 species, one varietal form of which is new to science, and including a discussion of the zoogeographie distribution of this faunal area. The types and additional ma- terial of this collection are in the U. S. National Museum ; a first set of duplicate specimens is in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Blakk, S. F. Revision of Ichthyo- methia, a genus of plants used for poisoning fish. Journ. Washington Acdd. 8ci., vol. 9, no. 9, May 4, 1919, pp. 241-252. The types of the new species de- scribed are in the National Her- barium. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 185 Blanchaed, Fbanx N. Two new snakes of the genus Lampropeltis. Oco. Papers Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, no. 70, May 5, 1919, pp. 1-11, pi. 1. Described from material in the U. S. National Museum. Boone, Pearl L. Descriptions of ten new Isopods. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 54, no. 2253, Oct. 16, 1918, pp. 591-604, pis. 89-92. Presents a critical diagnosis of one new family, one new genus, and 10 new species of Isopods, ac- cumulations from various collec- tions transraittpd to the National Museum. Eight of the types are in the National Museum, one, Cirolana Jiermitensls, is in the collections of the Cambridge Museum, Eng- land, and one, Braga occidentalis,, is in the Yale Museum. BoviNQ, Adam G. [In Runner, G. A. Tiie tobacco beetle: An important pest in tobacco products.] U. 8. Dept. Agric, Bur. Ent. Bull. 737, Mar. 17, 1919. Furnished the technical descrip- tions of the various larvae dis- cussed from material in the Na- tional Museum. Britton, N. L. (See under Frederick V. Coville.) • and J. N. Rosk. The Cacta- ceae: Descriptions and illustrations of plants of the cactus family. I. Carnegie Institution o f Washington, Pub. no. 248, vol. 1, June 21, 1919, pp. i-viii, 1-236, pis. 1-36, text figs. 1- 302. Brown, Edward J. Melospiza melodia phaea in southern California. Auk, vol. 35, no. 3, July, 1918, p. 350. Records a specimen obtained In Los Angeles county. Bryant, Harold Child. (See under Joseph Grinnell.) Bxjsck, August. Two niicrolepidop- tera injurious to strawberry. Proc. Ent. 8oc. Washing- ton, vol. 21, no. 3, Mar. 18, 1919, pp. 52, 53. BuscK, August — Continued. Describes Tortricodes fragariana and Ariatotelia fragariae from British Columbia. On some generic synonymy in the family Gelechiidae. Proc. Ent. 8oc. Washing- ton, vol. 21, no. 4, May 2, 1919, pp. 94-96. A new species of Bucculatrix injurious to Hollyhock (Lep.) Proc. Ent. 8oc. Washing- ton, vol. 21, no. 5, May 5, 1919, pp. 109, 110. Describes B. althaeae from Cali- fornia. A microlepidopteron injurious to Avocado. Proc. Ent. 8oc. Washing- ton, vol. 21, no. 6, June 18, 1919, pp. 125, 126. Gives notes on the habits of 8tenoma catenifer Walslngbam. DE Candolle, Casimir. Begoniaceae Centrali-Americanae et Ecuadoren- ses. Smithsonian Misc. Colls., vol. 69, no. 12, Apr. 9, 1919, pp. 1-10. Includes description of 17 new species of Begonia. Canu, Ferdinand, and Ray S. Bass- LER. Bryozoa of the Canal Zone and related areas. Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., no. 103, Jan. 28, 1919, pp. 117-122, pi. 53. The few bryozoans that have so far been found in the rocks of the Canal Zone and Costa Rica are here described. These con- sist of two from the Emperator limestone of the Canal Zone and three from the Miocene of Costa Rica, each locality furnishing one new species. Casanowicz, I. M. Descriptive cata- logue of the collection of ecclesias- tical art in the United States Na- tional Museum. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 55, no. 2287, June 18, 1919, pp. 005-649, pis. 60-97. Contains brief sketches of the specific doctrines and rites of the three churches represented in the collection, namely, the Roman Catholic, the Greek Catholic or Orthodox, and the Armenian, and 186 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. Casanowicz, I. M. — Coutinued. detailed descriptions of the ar- tistic features and the ritual significance of the single speci- mens. Caxjdell, a. N. Regarding Diaphe- romera veliei Walsh and Mauomera blatclileyi Caiulell. Ent. News, vol. 29, no. 7. July, 1918, pp. 258-260. Gives an account of the dis- tribution and a discussion of the characters of these species. Zorotypus hubbardi, a new species of the Order Zoraptera from the United States. Can. Ent., vol. 50, no. 11, Nov. 13, 1918, pp. 375- 381. The description of this species from Florida is the first record of this order in our fauna. Two new species of tlie Blattid genus Arenivaga. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washing- ton, vol. 20, no. 7, Dec. 4, 1918, pp. 154-157. Describes A. genitalis from Arizona and A. floridetisis from Florida. — ■ — — Palmodes praestans and its prey. Pros. Ent. 8oe. Washing- ton, vol 21, no. 2, Feb. 26, 1919, p. 40. Records the capturing of Capno- iotes iuliginosus Thomas by this wasp. Chase, Agnes. Some causes of con- fusion in plant names. Journ. For., vol. 17, no. 2, Feb., 1919, pp. 159-162. Claek, Austin H. A new genus and species of multibrachiate Ophiuran of the family Gorgonocephalidae from the Caribbean Sea. Proe. V. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 54, no. 2257, Nov. 1, 1918, pp. 637-640, pi. 96. Describes and figures Astrocyno- dus herrerai from Yucatan, do- nated to the U. S. National Mu- seum by the Museo Nacional de Historia Naturale of Mexico. CocKEEELL, T. D. A, New species of North American fossil beetles, cock- roaches, and tsetse flies. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 54, no. 2237, July 5, 1918, pp. 301-311, pis. 54, 55, figs. 1-5. CocKEKELL, T. D. A. — Continued. Founds two new genera and describes seven new species of fossil cockroaches from the Penn- sylvanian, and three new species of beetles from the Early Ter- tiary rocks of Colorado. Discusses the habits of the African tsetse fly, Olossina, and records the oc- currence in Colorado during Ter- tiary time of species of the same genus, four having been recog- nized. Chile. New Halictine l)oes from Can. Eh!., vol. 50, no. 10, Oct. 10, 191 S, p;). 343- 345. Describes three new species and one new subspecies. Descriptions and records of bees. LXXXI. Ann. Mag. Nat. Ilist., ser. 9, vol. 2, no. 11, Nov., 1918, pp. 418-425. Describes 10 new species and gives notes on other species. Descriptions and records of bees. LXXXII. An7i. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9, vol. 2, no. 12, Dec, 1918, pp. 476-482. Of the species described in this paper, the types of seven are in the U. S. National Museum. Description and records of bees. LXXXIII. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9, vol. 3, no. 13, Jan., 1919, pp. 118-125. The types of nine of the new species described in this paper are in the U. S. National Museum. A new genus of bees from Peru (Hym.). Ent. News, vol. 30, no. 1, Jan., 1919, pp. 17, 18. Describes Ohleroyus hirsutipen- nis new species. Some Halictine bees in the United States National Museum (Hym.) Proe. Ent. Soc. Washing- ton, vol. 20, no. 8, Jan. 24, 1919, pp. 177-182. Describes eight new species and gives notes on others. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 187 CocKERELL, T. D. A. Neocorynura, a genus of Halictine bees ( Hym. ) . Ent. News, Tol 30, no. 2, Feb., 1919, pp. 41, 42. Describes one new subspecies and tabulates forms known to an- other. New and little-known Ameri- can bees. Cati. Ent., vol 51, no. 2, Feb. 28, 1919, pp. 26-28. Of the species In this paper the types of three are in the U. S. Na- tional Museum. Some American Cretaceous fish scales with notes on the classi- fication and distribution of Creta- ceous fishes. Prof. Paper U. 8. Geol. Surv., 120-1, Apr. 24, 1919, pp. 1G5-202, pis. 31-37. Distinctive skeletal remains of fishes are very scarce throughout the greater part of the American Cretaceous, but scales arc plenti- ful and widespread. Recent studies of the scales of living fishes show that they present excellent diag- nostic characters, hence a study of these fossil scales seems justi- fied, especially since It is desirable to note every fact which will throw light upon the Cretaceous history. Mr. Cockerell's descrip- tion and systematic discussion of species is preceded by a section showing their stratigraphic distri- bution. The paper Is well illus- trated and the preface is by Dr. T. W. Stanton. Bees in the collections of the United States National Museum. 3. Proc. U. »•?. Nat. Mua., vol, 55, no. 22G4, May 7, 1919, pp. 167-221. Describes 1 new subgenus, 40 new species, 20 new subspecies, 5 new varieties ; gives keys to spe- cies of Meltpona and of Trigona known to author, and gives notes on many other species. Cory, Charles B. Descriptions of new birds from South America. Aulc, vol. 36, no. 1, .Ian., 1919, pp. 88, 89. Five new forms of ant-thrushes and oven-birds are described from Brazil, Venezuela, and Peru. Cory, Charles B. New forms of South American birds and proposed new subgenera. Auk, vol. 36, no. 2, Apr., 1919, pp. 273-276. Two new subgenera and six new forms of oven-birds are de- scribed, chiefly from Brazil and Peru. The type of one of them is in the U. S. National Museum col- lection. CoviLLE, Frederick V., and N. L. Brit- ton. Grossulariacese [Additions and Corrections]. North Amer. Flera, vol. 22, pt. 6, Dec. 30, 1918, pp. 558-560. Crawford, .1. C. New Hymenoptera. Proc. Ent. Sac. Washino- ton, vol. 19, nos. 1-4, Sept. 23, 1919, pp. 165- 172. Describes nine new species, gives notes on other species and generic synonymy and a key to the Philippine species of the bee genus Halictus. CusHMAN. .Joseph Augustine. The Foraminifera of the Atlantic Ocean. Part I, Astrorhizidae. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 104, pt. 1, July 19, 1918, pp. 1-111, pis. 1-39. This paper is the first part of a work the intent of which is to de- scribe and illustrate the Foramini- fera of the Atlantic Ocean, espe- cially those species which have oc- curred in the waters adjacent to the shores of the United States, including the whole of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. Part one includes only the family Astrorhizidae, which is the most primitive of the group, presenting an exhaustive treatment of the sys- tematic classification, including the description of five new species, two new subspecies, one new genus, also the critical discussion of 88 previouslj' described species and subspecies. The types and addi- tional material are in the collec- tions of the U. S. National Mu- seum, being chiefly the results of dredging and hydrographic sound- ings of the U. S. Bureau of Fish- eries and U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey investigations augmented by miscellaneous material in the museum collections. 188 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. CusHMAN, Joseph Augustine. The larger fossil Foraminifera of the Panama Canal Zone. Bull. V. 8. Nat. Mus., no. 103, Jan. 17, 1919, pp. 89-102, pis. 34-45. Eleven species are here de- .scribetl, nine of which are new, one of the latter being referred to a new genus, Heterosteoinoides. The smaller fossil Foramini- fera of the Panama Canal Zone. Bull. V. 8. Nat. Mus., no. 103, Feb. 18, 1919, pp. 45-87, pis. 19-33. The first of a series of papers dealing with the fossil Foramini- fera of the Canal Zone, West Indies, and Coastal Plain Province of the eastern and southeastern United States. Seventy-three spe- cies and varieties have been recog- nized, ranging from Oligocene to Pleistocene in ago. Fourteen new species and one new variety are included in the described material. CusHMAN, R. A. Two new Chalcids from the seeds of Amelanchier. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washing- ton, vol. 19, nos. 1-4, Sept. 23, 1918, pp. 79- . 86. Describes Megastigmus amelan- chieri and Syntomaspis amelan- chieris from West Virginia. A much described Ichneu- monid and its systematic position. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washing- ton, vol. 19, nos. 1-4, Sept. 23, 1918, pp. 162- 165. A discussion of Diacritus mu- Uebris (Cresson). The correct names of some of our common Ichneumonid parasites. Proc. Ent. 8oc. Washing- ton, vol. 20, no. 1, Sept. 27, 1918, pp. 9-12. New genera and species of Ichneumon flies (Hym.). Proc. Ent. 8oc. Washing- ton, vol. 21, no. 5, May 5, 1919, pp. 112-120. Describes three new genera, four new species, and one new variety. Descriptions of new North American Ichneumon flies. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 55, no. 2284, June 7, 1919, pp. 517-543. CusHMAN, R. A. — Continued. Describes 1 new tribe, 2 new genera, 14 new species, and gives observations on various other spe- cies. ( See also under S. A. Rohwer. ) and S. A. Rohweb. The genus Ephialtes first proposed by Schrank. Proc. Ent. 8oc. Washing- ton, vol. 20, no. 9, Apr. 22, 1919, pp. 186-188. Dall, William Healey. Notes on the genus Trachydermon Carpenter. Nautilus, vol. 32, no. 1, July, 1918, pp. 1-3. Pleistocene fo.ssils of Magda- lena Bay, Lower California, collected by Charles Russell Orcutt. Nautilus, vol. 32, no. 1, July, 1918, pp. 33-36. Based on material in the U. S. National Museum. A list of spe- cies is given. Macrocalllsta orcutti, Panope tatniata, and Mure id (Phyllonotus) stearnsii are de- scribed as new. Changes in and additions to raolluscan nomenclature. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 31, Nov. 29, 1918, pp. 137, 138. Tromina, Boetica, Elachisina, and Phenacoptygma, new genera ; Algamorda, Progdbbia, Boreo- melon, and Atrimitra, new sub- genera ; Algaroda, Littorivaga, Kurtziella, Crawfordia (for Can- cellaria crawfordiana) , new sec- tions, are established and Iselica proposed as a substitute for the preoccupied Isapls of Adams, 1853. On some Tertiary fossils from the Pribilof Islands. Journ. Washington Acad. 8ci., vol. 9, no. 1, Jan. 4, 1919, pp. 1-3. Based on material in the U. S. National Museum. The species are listed and the deposit on St. George Island correlated with the late Pliocene fauna of the second elevated beach at Nome, Alaska. Stylobates, a warning. Nautilus, vol. 32, no. 3, Jan. 1919, pp. 79, 80, pi. 6. Based on specimens secreted by deep water Actiniae now in the U. S. National Museum and at first supposed to be molluscan. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 189 Dall, William Healey. Note on Thyasira bisecta Conrad. Nautilus, vol. 32, no. 3, Jan., 1919, p. 103. Descriptions of the anatomy, based on Museum material. British Antarctic (Terra Nova) Expedition, 1910, Zoology, II, No. 8, Bracliiopoda ; and Australa- sian Antarctic Expedition, Scientific Reports — Zoology. Science, (n. s.), vol. 49, no. 1263, Mar. 14, 1919, pp. 265, 266. Review of reports donated to the Museum Library. Descriptions of new species of Chitons from the Tacific coast of America. rroc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 55, no. 2283, June 7, 1919. pp. 499-516. Based on U. S. National Museum collections. The new subgenus Seminopalia, based on the new species Mopalia grisea from Tierra del Fuego, and 36 new species are described. Dixon, H. N. The mosses collected by the Smithsonian African Expedi- tion, 1909-10. Smithsonian. Misc. Colls., vol. 69, no. 2, Oct. 8, 1918, pp. 1-28, pis. 1, 2. Uganda mosses collected by II. Diimmer and others. Smithsonian Misc. Colle., vol. 69, no. 8, Oct. 21, 1918, pp. 1-10, pi. ]. Dyak, Harbison G. New American mosquitoes. Inaecutor Inscitiae Men- struus, vol. 6, nos. 7-9, Oct. 30, 1918, pp. 120- 129. Describes 1 new subgenus and 12 new species. New moths from Mexico and Cuba. Insecutor Inscitiae Men- struus, vol. 6, nos. 7-9, Oct. 30, 1918, pp. 130- 140. Describes 1 new genus and 26 new species. Notes on American Anopheles. Insecutor Inscitiae Men- struus, vol. 6, nos. 7-9, Oct. 30, 1918, pp. 141- 151. Gives a key to the subgenera of Anopheles and key to the species of some of the subgenera. Dyae, Harbison G. A note on Lestico- campa, and a new species. Insecutor Inscitiae Men- struus, vol 7, nos. 1-3, Mar. 18, 1919, pp. 9-11. Describes L. trichopus from Brazil. Westward extension of the Canadian mosquito fauna. Insecutor Inscitiae Men- struus, vol 7, nos. 1-3, Mar. 18, 1919, pp. 11-39. Three new species are described ; notes on the various other species of the region and keys to certain groups are given. Some tropical American Phy- citiuae. Insecutor Inscitiae Men- struus, vol 7, nos. 1-3, Mar. 18, 1919, pp. 40-63. Describes 9 new genera, 62 new species, and gives notes on other species. Some new tropical American moths. Insecutor Inscitiae Men- struus, vol. 7, nos. 4-6, Apr. 1, 1919, pp. 74-85. Describes 2 new genera and 28 new species. A note on Argentine mosqui- toes. Insecutor Inscitiae Men- struus, vol. 7, nos. 4-6, Apr. 1, 1919, pp. 85-89. Describes one new species. and Hakv'EY P. Baeret. De- scriptions of hitherto unknown larvae of Culex. Insecutor Inscitiae Men- struus, vol. 6, nos. 7-9, Oct. 30, 1918, pp. 119, 120. and Fredebick Knab. Bromeli- colus Anopheles— a correction. Insecutor Inscitiae Men- struus, vol. 6, nos. 7-9, Oct. 30, 1918, pp. 140. 141. . New species of tropical American mosquitoes. Insecutor Inscitiae Men- struus, vol 7, nos. 1-3, Mar, 18, 1919, pp. 1-9. Seven new species are described. 190 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. Ellis, Max M. The Brancluobdellid worms in the collections of the United States National Museum, with descriptions of new genera and new species. Proc. U. /S'. Nat. Mus. vol. 55, no. 2267, May 2, 1919, pp. 241-265, pis. 10-13, text figs. 1-18. A detailed annotated account of the Branchiobdellid -worms, describing two new genera, eight new species, one new subspecies, and discussing many previously described forms, with an exhaus- tive anatomic diagnosis of each. The types and additional ma- terial are in the U. S. National Museum ; duplicate material oc- curs in Dr. Ellis' private collec- tion, he having generously do- nated his types to the museum. Fattst, Ernest Caeroll. Studies on American Stephanophialinae. Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc, vol. 37, no. 3, July, 1918, pp. 183-198, pis. 14, 15. A detailed annotated discussion of the Stephanophialinae, includ- ing the description of two new species. Based on Museum ma- terial. Fewkes, J. Walter. A unique form of prehistoric pottery, Journ. Washington Acad. 8ci., vol. 8, no. 18, Nov. 4, 1918, pp. 598-601, figs. 1-2. Describes and figures a double vase of black and white ware, the two portions being connected by an eflBgy figure made of clay, re- sembling a bird. The object was found not far from the towers of the Hovenweep Canyon, Colorado. Prehistoric towers and castles of the southwest. Art and Arch., vol. 7, no. 9, Dec, 1918, pp. 353- 366, figs. 1-13. Devoted to the various pre- historic caetle-like buildings in the McElmo Canyon and its tributaries in southwest Colorado and ad- jacent areas of Utah. It points out that these buildings may be simple towers, of round, D-shaped, or rectangular form; may be ac- companied by other buildings an- nexed to them, or in the highest Fewkes, J. Walter. — Continued. form of pueblo architecture may even be added to large pue1)los in the open or in cliff dwellings. Main attention is given to these buildings in Square Tower, Holly and Bridge Canyons, where the most striking forms appear and which it is intended later to in- clude in a National Monument for Government protection. Fisher, Walter K. Starfishes of the Philippine seas and adjacent waters. Bull., U. 8. Nat. Mus. no. 100, vol. 3, June 27, 1919, pp. 1-712, pis. 1- 156. A detailed account of the star- fishes collected by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross, Philippine Expedition, 1907-1910, augmented by two new forms in the Museum of Com- parative Zoology and additional miscellaneous specimens in the U. S. National Museum. One hundred and ninety-two species and sub- species are described or listed of which 134 species and subspecies are believed to be new. An ex- haustive discussion of the zoogeo- graphic and bathymetric distribu- tion and the relationships of the respective groups of species pre- cedes the systematic discussion. All types are in the collections of the U. S. National Museum, ex- cept two in the collections of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Fisher, W. S. A new species of AgTilus from Florida (Coleoptera; Buprestidae). Proc. Ent. Sac. Washing- ton, vol. 20, no. 4, Sept. ■27, 1918, pp. 67, 68. Describes A. dozieri. Chrysobothris tranquebarica Gmel. versus impressa Fabr. (Cole- optera; Buprestidae). Proc. Ent. 8oc. Washing- ton, vol. 20. no. 8, Jan. 24, 1919. pp. 173-177. Gives notes and a bibliography and full synonymy of the species. Note on Macrobasis murina LeConte (Coleo.). Proc. Ent. Soc. Washing- ton, vol. 21, no. 1, Feb. 24, 1919, pp. 1, 2. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 191 Fisher, W. S. A new genus and species of Ceramb5'cidae from Colorado (Coleo.). Proc. Ent. Soc. Washing- ton, vol. 21, no. 2, Feb. 26, 1919, pp. 38-40. Describes Elatotrypes hoferi. Five new species of Ptinid beetles. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 55, no. 2271, Apr. 20, 1919, pp. 295-299. Descriptions of a new genus and species of Buprestidae from Arizona (Coleo.). Proc. Ent. Floe. Washing- ton, vol. 21, no. 4, May 2, 1919, pp. 91-93. Gives a key to the North Ameri- can genera of the tribe Acmaeo- derini and describes Paratyndaris coursetiae, new genus and new species. Foster, W. D. ( See under Brayton H. Ransom.) Gahan, a. B. Description of a new Ilymenopterous parasite (Braconi- dae). Proc. Ent. Soc. Washing- ton, vol. 20, no. 1, Sept. 27, 1918, pp. 18, 19. Describes Microhracon cephi from North Dakota. Tliree new Chalcidoid egg- parasites. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washing- ton, vol. 20, no. 2, Sept. 27, 1918, pp. 23-26. Propachyneuron Girault (Hy- menoptera ; Clialcidoidea). Proc. Ent. Soc. Washing- ton, vol 20, no. 3, Sept. 27, 1918, p. 66. Four new African parasitic Hymenoptera belonging to the sub- family Microgasterinae. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 54, no. 2252, Nov. 25, 1918, pp. 587-590. A synopsis of the species be- longing to the Chalcidoid genus Rileya Ashmead (Hym.). Proc. Ent. Soc. Washing- ton, vol. 20, no. 7, Dec. 4, 1918, pp. 136-150. In this paper four new species are described. Gahan, A. B. A new genus of Chalcid- wasp belonging to the family Eulo- phidae. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washing- ton, vol. 21, no. 1, Feb. 24, 1919, pp. 2-4. Describes Apterolovhus pulchri- comis from New York. New reared parasitic Ily- nienoptera with some notes on syn- onymy. Proc. V. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 55, no. 2261, Apr. 26, 1919, pp. 113-128, 2 text figs. Describes 2 new genera and 12 new species. Notes on some genera and species of Chalcid-flies belonging to the Aphelininae with description of a new species. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 55, no. 2279, May 28, 1919, pp. 403-407, 5 text figs. A new species of the Serphi- doid genus Dendrocerus (Hymenop- tera). Proc. Ent. Soc. Washing- ton, vol. 21, no. G, Jun(; 18, 1919, pp. 121-123. Describes D. conwentsiae, new species from Massachusetts and variety from Washington. Gibson, Edmund H. Five new species of Jassoidea from Honduras (Hemip- tera ; Homoptera ) . Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing- ton, vol. 32, Apr. 11, 1919, pp. 25-28. — Hemiptera collected by the Yale Dominican Expedition of 1913. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 55, no. 2269, Apr. 26. 1919, pp. 17-5-177. Describes Clovia tnodesta. Notes on the North American species of Corizus. Can. Ent., vol. 51, no. 4, Apr. 28, 1919, pp. 89-92. Gives a key to the species and notes on the various included species. The genera Corythaica Stal and Dolichocysta Champion. (Tingi- dae ; Heteroptera ) . Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing- ton, vol. 32, May 20, 1919, pp. 97-104. 192 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. Gibson, Edmund H. — Contiuuecl. Gives a key to the species of Dolichocysta, describes D. magna, D. densata, and Corythaica cos- tata and gives notes on otlier of the included species. and Abbt Holdeidge. Notes on the North and Central American species of Acanthocephala Lap. Can. Ent., vol. 59, no. 7, July 10, 1918, pp. 237- 241. Gives a key to and notes on the included species. GiDLEY, James Williams. Significance of divergence of the first digit in the primitive mammalian foot. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 9, no. 10, May 19, 1919, pp. 273-280. Reviews briefly the various views regarding the arboreal ancestry of marsupials, especially those of Matthew to the effect that all mammals passed through an arboreal stage of development. Mr. Gidley disagrees with Mat- thew's view, and attempts to show first that opposability of the first digit, wherever found, is not prim- itive but a specialization for a peculiar adaptation, and second, that simple divergence of the first digit does not in itself signify opposability, but is essentially a primitive character inherited from the generalized, terrestrial reptil- ian foot. He concludes that the generalized type of foot with the first digit divergent, but not op- posable, is the primitive stage from which developed directly the various terrestrial types of feet found among living mammals as well as the arboreal and aquatic types, but that the terrestrial types did not pass through the arboreal stage. (See also under Gerrit S. Mil- ler, jr.) Gilbert, Chester G., and Joseph E. PoGUE. Petroleum : A resource in- terpretation. Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., no. 102, pt. 6, Aug. 7, 1918, pp. 1-76, pis. 1-3, figs. 1-12. Petroleum is of particular sig- nificance because, of all our im- portant resources, it is most limited and involves the highest percentage of waste. Scarcely Gilbert, Chester G., and Joseph E. PoGUE — Continued. one-tenth of the value of the re- source is recovered under present circumstances, while the unmined supply available under current practice is only about 50 barrels to each person. This paper makes an economic study of the resource and the Industry engaged in its development, and traces the causes of waste to certain maladjustments in the economic situation, pointing out how these may be remedied by a constructive economic policy ap- plied to the matter. The de- sirability of developing shale oil to replace petroleum as it becomes incapable of meeting the demand is gone into and the advisability of using benzol and alcohol as substitutes for gasoline is con- sidered. The natural gas indus- try is also treated. Povper : Its significance and needs. Bull. U. 8, Nat. Mils., no. 102, pt. 5, Sept. 21, 1918, pp. 1-53. In this country tremendous em- phasis is placed on the use of power ; the result is a growing burden on transportation which must be solved. The present trans- portation difliculty is in a measure an expression of this problem. The purpose of this paper is to develop the general nature of the situation and suggest the character of remedial action called for. The energy resources of the United States: A field for recon- struction. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mu8., no. 102, vol. 1, May 15, 1919, pp. 1-165, pis. 1-3, figs. 1-15. This paper brings together the substance of parts 4, 5, and 6 of Bulletin 102, together with an in- troduction and a conclusion that coordinate the details of the dis- cussion and draw forth the main issues. It is concluded that the whole matter involves the three- fold problem of fuel supply, power supply, and transportation, and that the entire field may be cleared by (1) providing a common-carrier system of electric transmission lines which will (a) lead to a bal- anced development of coal-power and water-power, and (6) serve as a coordinating influence in stim- LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 193 Gilbert, Chester G., and Joseph E. PoGUE — Continued. ulating by-product recovery from coal in central power stations, and especially in municipal, public utility fuel plants ; and (2) apply- ing a constructive economic policy and appropriate lejiislation to the conditions surrounding petroleum production so as to bring the method of production into con- formance with the geological oc- currence of the resource. It is believed that these measures would effect economies offsetting, in large part, the cost of the war. GiLMOEE, Charles AV. A newly mounted skeleton of the armored di- nosaur Stegosaurus stenops, in the United States National Museum. Proc. V. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 54, no. 2241, Doc. 26, 1918, pp. 383-390, pis. 57-63. Describes in some detail the skeleton of Stegosaurus stenops recently mounted in the National Museum, and gives a brief sum- mary of the Stegosaurus exhibit. A new restoration of Tricera- tops, with notes on tlie osteology of the genus. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 55, no. 2260, Apr. 9, 1919, pp. 97-112, pis 3-9, figs. 1-6. A brief description of a new model restoration of Triccratops rlatus based on the mounted skeleton in the National Museum, followed by new information re- lating especially to the typo speci- mens of Triccratops ohtusus and T. caUcornis. In conclusion the homologies of the cranial elements of the Ccratopsian skull are dis- cussed. It is shown that elements which in the normal reptilian skull are placed laterally have in the Ceratopsian cranium shifted to a median dorsal position, sup- ported from beneath by strong vertical buttresses. GoiJ)MAN, Edward A. The lUce Hat? of North America. North Atner. Fauna, no. 43, Sept. 23, 1918, pp. 3-100, pis. 1-6, figs. 1-11. A revision of the members of the genus Oryzomys occurring north of South America. Fifty- one forms are recognized. 143943°— 20 13 Green, Bessie R. (See under Franli Smith.) Greene, C. T. A contribution to the biology of North American Diptera. Proc. Ent. 8oc. WasMng- ton, vol. 19, nos. 1-4, Sept. 23, 1918, pp. 146- 161, pis. 17-20. The biologies of six species are given. Three new species of Diptera. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washing- ton, vol. 20, no. 4, Sept. 27, 1918, pp. 69-71. Describes Madiza conicola from Oregon, Chrysotoxuni coloradensis from Colorado and Myxosargus ni- gncomis from the District of Co- lumbia. A note on the habit of Pegomyia affinis, Stein and other An- thomyid genera. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washing- ton, vol. 20, no. 7, Dec. 4, 1918, p. 160. A new genus in Scatophagidae (Diptera). Proc. Ent. Soc. Washing- ton, vol 21, no. 6, June 18, 1919, pp. 126-129, 2 text figures. Describes Ambopogon hyperbo- reus new species from Alaska. Grin NELL, Joseph, Harold Child Bryant and Tracy Irwin Storer. The game birds of California, con- tribution from the University of California Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, by Joseph Grinnell, Harold Child Bryant and Tracy Irwin Storer, University of California Press, 1918. Semicentennial publications of the University of Cali- fornia [seall 1868-1918, 8vo, pp. i-x, 1-642, pis. 1-16, figs. 1-94, tables 1-19. A very full and elaborate ac- count of the 108 species of game birds of California, with chapters on the decrease of game and its causes ; natural enemies of game birds ; propagation of game birds ; legislation relating to the sub- ject ; method of taking meas- urements of birds ; glossary of spe- cial terms ; key to the game birds, etc. 194 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. Hall, Maurice C. The adult taenioid cestodes of dogs and cats, and of re- lated carnivores in Nortli America. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 55, no. 2258. Apr. 11, 1919, pp. 1-94, figs. 1-80. The present paper includes de- scriptions of all the adult tape ■worms of the superfamily Taenioi- dea known to occur in dogs, cats, and related carnivores in North America, together with species of the same superfamily not yet re- corded as present in North Amer- ict, but found in other parts of the world, and liable to occur in car- nivores in this country. Supple- menting #he descriptions are keys for the determination of speci- mens, a list of hosts and a bibli- ography. Based on material in the U. S. National Museum, augmented by material in the U. S. Bureau of Animal Industry of the Depart- ment of Agriculture. and Meyer Wigdor. Notes on the Acanthocephalid and Arthropod parasites of tlie dog in North Amer- ica. Journ. Amer. Veterin. Med. Assn., vol. 53, n. s. 6, no. 4, July, 1918, pp. 493-500, figs. 1-3. This paper is primarily intended to cover additional information regarding the rare thorny-headed worm of the dog, but a summary of our knowledge of Arthropod parasites is included in this paper in order to complete a series cover- ing the parasites of dogs in North America. Two new flukes from the dog. Journ. Amer. Veterin. Mrd. Assn., vol. 53, n. s. G, no. 5, Aug., 1918, pp. 616-626, figs. 1-7. A discussion of Alaria amrri- cana and Alaria michiganevsis from the intestines of the dog. Based in part on Museum material. A Pliysaloptera from the dog, with a note on the nematode parasites of the dog in North Amer- ica. Journ. Amer, Veterin. Med. Assn., vol. 53, n. s. 6, no. 6, Sept., 1918, pp. 733-744, figs. 1-6. Hall, Maurice C, and Meyer Wig- dor — Continued. Describes Physaloptera ram, new species, and discusses the nematode parasites of the dog in North America. Two new flukes from the dog. Wth Ann. Rcpt, Mich. Acad. Sci., Nov. 22, 1918, p. 139. Authors' abstract. Heinrich, Carl. A new Coleophora injurious to apple in California. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washing- ton, vol. 19, nos. 1-4, Sept. 23, 1918, pp. 135, 136. Describes O. volclcei. A note on the Tortricid geni- talia. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washing- ton, vol. 19, nos. 1-4, Sept. 23, 1918, pp. 137, 138. On the I^epidopterous genus Opostega and its larval affinities. Proc. Ent. 8oc. Washing- ton, vol. 20, no. 2, Sept. 27, 1918, pp. 27-38, pis. 1-4. A new genus of Lepidoptera allied to Leucoptera Hiibner. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washing- ton, vol. 29, no. 1, Sept. 27, 1918, pp. 21, 22. Describes Paraleucoptera based on Cemiostoma albella. Chambers. A new Olethreutid from New York (Olethreutes approximana Hiibn.) Insecutnr Inscitiac Men- struus, vol. 7, nos. 4-6, Apr. 1, 1919, pp. 65, 66. Describes O. approximana. [In Holloway, T. E., and Lof- tin, U. C. : The Sugar-cane motli borer.] U. 8. Dept. Agric, Bur. Ent. Bull. 746, Apr. 18, 1919. Furnished the technical descrip- tions of the immature forms of that species. Hitchcock, A. S. The ornamental trees of Hawaii [Review]. Science (n. s.), vol. 48, no. 1235, Aug. 30, 1918, pp. 224, 225. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 195 Hitchcock, A. S. A peculiar species of Lasiacis. Journ. Washington Acad. Set., vol. 9, no. 2, Jan. 19, 1919, pp. 35-38. A botanical trip to Mexico. 8ci. Monthly, vol. 8, no. 2, Feb., 1919, pp. 129- 145 ; vol. 8, No. 3, Mar., 1919, pp. 216-238. Illus- trated. Report of tlie committee on generic types of the Botanical So- ciety of America. Science (n. s.), vol. 49, no. 1266, Apr. 4, 1919, pp. 333-336. Hodge, F. W. Excavations at the Zuni pueblo of Hawiliuh in 1917. Art and Arch., vol. 7, no. 9, Dec, 1918, pp. 367- 379, figs. 1-10. Brief description of the joint ex- pedition of the Museum of the American Indian, Heye Founda- tion, and the Bureau of American Ethnology at Hawikuh, New Mexico, with historical references and a description of certain arche- ologic objects recovered. HoLDRiDGE, Abby. (See under Ed- mund H. Gibson. HoLLiSTEE, N. International Zoology and the International Code. Science (n. s.), vol. 48, no. 1227, July 5, 1918, pp. 12, 13. Three generic names are used for the Chimpanzee by zoologists who do not follow the inter- national code. East African Mammals in the United States National Museum. Part I. Insectivora, Cliiroptera, and Carnivora. Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., no. 99, Aug. 16, 1918, pp. 1-194, pis. 1-55, figs. 1-3. A critical review of the East African material in the U. S. Na- tional Museum. The generic names Anoa and Bubalus. Proc. Biol. 8oc. Washing- ton,, vol. 32, Apr. 11, 1919, p. 45. A new name for the wild sheep of Northeastern China. Proc. Biol. 8oc. Washing- ton, vol. 32, Apr. 11, 1919, p. 46. HoLLisTER, N. East African mammals in the United States National Mu- seum. Part II. Rodentia, Lagomor- pha, and Tubulidontata. Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., no. 99, May 16, 1919, pp. 1-184, pis. 1-44, fig. 1. A critical review of the East African material in the U. S. Na- tional Museum. Holmes, William H. Organization of the Committee on Anthropology of the National Research Council and its activities for the year 1917. Amer. Journ. Phys. An- throp., vol. 1, no. 1, Jan.-Mar., 1918, pp. 77-90. The article gives a brief history of the scope and aims of the Com- mittee on Anthropology of the National Research Council. It gives also in full the recommenda- tions made to the Council by the Committee, In connection with the war. Hough, Walteb. Exploration of a pit house village at Luna, New Mexico. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 55, no. 2280, June 14, 1919, pp. 409-431, pis. 28-38, figs. 1-44. Sets forth the results of ex- plorations in the site of a re- markable village in which the houses were circular pits sunk in the ground. The affiliation of the people of the pit houses is doubt- fully pueblo and may represent a very ancient culture. Howe, Marshall A. On some fossil and recent Lithothamnieae of the Panama Canal Zone. Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., no. 103, Feb. 19, 1919, pp. 1-13, pis. 1-11. Describes as new one species occurring both recent and in the Pleistocene in the Canal Zone, and two new and one previously described species from the Oligo- cene. Howell, Arthur H. The rough-legged hawk (Archibuteo lagopus sancti- johannis) at Washington, D. C. Auk, vol. 35, no. 3, July, 1918, p. 351. Eight records are given for this locality. 196 REPORT OF NATIONAL, MUSEUM, 1919. Howell, Arthur H. Description of a new seaside sparrow from Florida. Auk, vol. 36, no. 1, Jan., 1919, pp. 86, 87. An unexpected new species, from Cape Sable Is described as Thryospiza mirabilis, Descriptions of nine new North American Pikas. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing- ton, vol. 32, May 20, 1919, pp. 105-110. HozAWA, Sanji. Report on the cal- ojireous sponges collected during 1906 by the United States Fisheries .steamer Albatross in the Northwest- ern Pacific. Proc. V. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 54, No. 2247, Oct, 16, 1918, pp. 525-556, pis. 84, 85, figs. 1-10. An exhaustive report on the calcareous sponges of Japanese and adjacent regions, treating of thirteen species, eleven of -which are new to science. HbdliCka, Ale§. Recent discoveries attributed to early man in America. Bull. 66. Bur. Am. Eth., 1918, pp. 1-67, pis. 1- 14, figs. 1-8. This bulletin covers an ad- ditional chapter of the subject of man's antiquity on the American continent, dealt with in Bulletins 33 and 52 of the Bureau of Amer- ican Ethnology. The author gives the history and a discussion of the finds at Cuzco, Peru, at La Brea ranch near Los Angeles, Calif., and at Vero, Fla. It is shown that none of these finds can be accepted as demonstrating beyond many serious doubts the existence on this continent of man of any but very moderate antiquity or of any other race than the Indian. Physical anthropology^ : its scope and aims ; its liistory and pres- ent status in America. A. — Physical anthropology, its scope and aims. Amer. Journ. PTiys. An- throp., vol. 1, no. 1, Jan.-Mar., 1918, pp. 3-23. The paper deals with the defi- nitions, history, general scope, ac- complished results, and future aims of Physical Anthropology. Hrdli6ka, Ale§. Physical anthropol- ogy' : its scope and aims ; its history and present status in America. B. — Histoi-y. Amer. Journ. Phys. An- throp., vol. 1, no. 2, Apr- June, 1918, pp. 133-182. An historical account dealing with the development of Pliysical Anthropology in the Western Hemisphere, and particularly in the United States and Canada. Physical anthropology: its scope and aims ; its history and pres- ent status in America. C. — Recent history and present status of the science in North America. Amer. Journ. Phys. An- throp., vol 1, no. 3, July- Sept., 1918, pp. 267-304. Deals with tlie history of Physical Anthropology in the United States and Canada, so far as connected with workers wlio are still living. Physical anthropology : its scope and aims ; its history and pres- ent status in America. D. Conclu- sion.— Recent history and present status of the science in North America. Amer. Journ. Phys. An- throp., vol 1, no. 4, Oct.- Dec, 1918, pp. 377-414. Concludes the history of Phys- ical Anthropology in the United States and Canada so far as con- nected with living workers, and refers to same subject in Mexico, as well as in Central and South America. race. The Slavs. Cseclioslovah Rev., vol. 2, no. 10, Nov., 1918, pp. 180-187. This paper deals with the origin, subdivisions, numbers, mix- tures, and the physical, physiologi- cal, and mental characteristics of the Slav peoples in general. It in- cludes important demographic sta- tistics. The effects of the war on the Art and Arch., vol. 7, no. 9, Nov.-Dec, 1918, pp. 400-407. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 197 HrdliCka, Axe§. Anthropometry. Amer. Journ. Phys. An- throp., vol. 2, no. l.Jan.- Mar., 1919, pp. 43-46. The first contribution to the sub- ject of scientific anthropometry giving its definition and objects and reprinting with some correc- tion.? the Monaco and Geneva In- ternational anthropometric agree- ments. The effects of the war on thp American people. Sd. Monthly, vol. 8, no. 6, June, 1919, pp. 542-545. This article, with the similar one above cited, deals with the un- toward effects of the war on the American people oa the one hand, and T\'ith the many and Important compensations on the other. Tlie races of Rus.sia. Smithsonian Misc. Colls., vol, 69, no. 11, Mar., 1919, pp. 1-21, 1 map. (Reprinted In full in ficientific American Sup- pl-emcnt, June 7, and succeeding numbers, 1919.) The object of this publication Is to furnish at the present time when the attention of the world is so much occupied with Russia, a simple account as far as pos- sible, of the origin, spread, mix- ture, and characteristics of the Rus.iian people. TIt:nter, H. Chadv.ick. The Ameri- can Indian in sculptural art. Art and Arch., vol. 7, no. 8, Oct., 1918, pp. 323- 336, 14 illustrations. Sculptors have in numerous in- stances found the Indian an at- tractive subject for the chisel and their numerous examples here presented afford ample proof of the skill of those who have wrought In this field. The American Indian in painting. Art and Arch., vol 8, no. 2, Apr., 1919, pp. 89-96, 12 illustrations. A number of the best examples of paintings of American Indians Illustrating the people and their customs and at the same time pre- senting notable historical person- HuNTER, H. Chadwick — Continued. ages and incidents and customs In a manner so masterly as to give them decided value as works of art. Jackson, H.xrtley H. T. Two new shrews from Oregon. Proc. Biol. F>oc. Washing- ton, vol. 31, Nov. 29, 1918, pp. 127-129. The Wisconsin Napaeozapus. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washin'j- ton, vol. 32, Feb. 14, 1919, pp. 9, 10. Description of a new subspecies of Jumping-mouse. An unrecognized "shrew from Warren Island, Alaska. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing- ton, vol. .32, Apr. 11, 1919, pp. 23, 24. Jackson, Robert Tract. Fossil echini of the Panama Canal Zone and Costa Rica. Bull. TJ. 8. Nat. Mtis., no. 103, Feb, 19, 1919, pp. 103-116, pis. 46-52, figs. 1-3. Essentially a reprint of a paper published in the Proceedings of the TJ. S. National Museum In 1917. Jordan, genera beak Cuba. David Starr. On certain of Atherine fishes. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 55, no. 2273, Apr. 26, 1919, pp. 309-311, figs. 1, 2. This paper contains preliminary notes on certain interesting forms of Atherine fishes, with figures of two American species. On a rare species of Half- Hemiramphus balao, from Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 55, no. 2277, May 2, 1919, pp. 397, 398. fig. 1. In this paper the author de- scribes a lOJ-inch specimen of the imperfectly known Ilemiramphus bal^w, of Le Sueur. This fish was collected by Dr. John Mez, in Cuba, and is illustrated by text figure. Knab. Frederick. son G. Dyar.) (See imder Harri- 198 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. TvNOWLTON, F. H. Relations between the Mesozoic floras of North and South America. Bull. G^ol. 8oc. Anver., vol. 29, Dec. 30, 1918, pp. 607-614. Reviews briefly the Mesozoic floras of North and South America and shows that, owing to the meagernc'ss of our knowledge con- cerning the South American floras, there is comparatively little de- monstrable relationship between the two continents. The paper also discusses the probable routes by which the several floras were distributed, and concludes that the Triassic and Jurassic floras of South America apparently reached there by way of an Antarctic land mass (Gondwana Land), whereas the Cretaceous floras presumably came from North America by way of a land bridge joining the conti- nents. Description of a supposed new fossil species of maize from Peru. Journ. Washinffton Acad. 8ci., vol 9, no. 5, Mar. 4, 1919, pp. 134-136, 1 fig. Describes under the name Zea antiqua a remarkably well-pre- served ear of maize or Indian corn from Peru. Its precise geologic occurrence is not known, hence Its exact age can not be determined, but from the fact of its complete fossilization it is presumed to be some thousands of years old. It is hardly to be distinguished from a type of maize now living in the region about Lake Titicaca. Leavy, Joseph B. The United States Government collection of postage stamps. The Philat. Gaz.: vol. 8, no. 7, July, 1918, pp. 235-237; vol. 8, no. 8, Aug., 1918, pp. 271-273 ; vol. 8, no. 9, Sept., 1918, pp. 302-305. This is a complete and detailed list of the stamps in the Museum exhibition collection and is based entirely upon Museum material. New issue notes and chronicle. The Philat. Qaz.: vol. 8, no. 7, July, 1918, pp. 224-231; vol. 8, no. 8, Aug., 1918, pp. 258-262 ; vol. 8, no. 9, Sept., 1918, pp. 292-297; vol. 8, no. 10, Oct., 1918, pp. 325- Leavy, Joseph B. — Continued. 333 ; vol. 8, no. 11, Nov., 1918, pp. 354-356; and vol. 8, no. 12, Dec, 1918, pp. 391-397. Amer. Philat.: vol. 32, no. 2, Nov., 1918, pp. 34- 37; vol. 32, no. 3, Doc, 1918, pp. 69-73 ; vol. 32, no. 4, Jan., 1919, pp. 100-108 ; vol. 32, no. 5, Feb., 1919, pp. 147-153; vol. 32, no. 6, Mar., 1919, pp. 193-198; vol. 32, no. 7, Apr., 1919, pp. 241-253; vol. 32, no. 8, May, 1919, pp. 289-302, and vol. 32, no. 9, June, 1919, pp. 325-339. This is a series of notes on new issues of foreign stamps received from the International Bureau of the Universal Postal Union, Berne, Switzerland, through the Post Office Department, and is based entirely upon Museum material. What the first issue of United States postage stamps teaches. Amer. Philat.: vol. 32, no. 2, Nov., 1918, pp. 21-25. History and biography of the 1851-60 issue, Amer. Philat.: vol. 32, no. 3, Dec, 1918, pp. 53-60 ; vol. 32, no. 4, Jan., 1919, pp. 90-93, vol. 32, no. 5, Feb., 1919, pp. 133-135. History and biography of the 18G1-67 issue. Amer, Philat.: vol. 32, no. 6, Mar., 1919, pp. 177- 181 ; vol. 32, no. 7, Apr., 1919, pp. 221-230; vol. 32, no. 8, May, 1919, pp. 277-283; and vol. 32, no. 9, June, 1919, pp. 317-321. These articles deal principally with biographies of the portrait subjects of the stamps and the artists executing the originals, and the postal history of the stamps themselves and their rea- sons for being brought Into exist- ence. Catalogue of the postage stamps and stamped envelopes of the United States and possessions, issued prior to January 1, 1919. Bull. U. ff. Nat. Mits., no. 105, May 7, 1919, pp. 1-ix, 1-204, pis. 1-3. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 199 Lincoln, Natalia, Sumnek. The War Medals of the Allies. Daughters Amer. Rev. Mag., vol. 52, no. 10, Oct.. 1918, pp. 571-587, illus- trated. A description of the military and naval medals and decorations awarded by the Allies and the United States for special services during the European War, 1914- 1918. LuBiN, IsADOE. (See under Joseph E. Pogue. MacDonald, Donald Francis. The sedimentary formations of the Pana- ma Canal Zone, with special refer- ence to the stratigraphic relations of the fossil if erous beds. Bull. V. 8. Nat. Mus., no. 103, May 16, 1919, pp. 525-545, pis. 153, 154, figs. 26, 27. A summary statement regarding the stratigraphic geology of the Canal Zone. A generalized geologic map of the Canal Zone, and a map of the Panama Canal showing stations at which fossils were col- lected are included. Marsh, C. Dwight. Report on a col- lection of Copepoda made in Hon- duras by F. J. Dyer. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 55, no. 2285, June 5, 1919. pp. 545-548, pi. 49. An annotated account of a col- lection of free-swimming Copepoda secured at La Ceiba, Honduras, by Mr. F. J. Dyer, with description of one new species. Marshall, William B. Lampsilis veutricosa cohongoronta in the Po- tomac valley. Nautilus, vol. 82, no. 2, Oct., 1918. p. 51. Records finding this species in a colony of various ages at Midriver Island, about a mile and a half above Great Falls, thus establish- ing the species as a member of the fauna of that vicinity. Maxon, William R. Polystichuni andersonl and related species. Amer. Fern Joum., vol. 8, no. 2, Apr.-June, 1918, pp. 33-37. Further notes on Pellaea. Iwer. Fern Joum., vol. 8, no. 3, July-Sept., 1918, pp. 89-94. Maxon, William R. Notes on Ameri- can Ferns — XII. Amer. Fern Joum., vol. 8, no. 4, Oct.-Dec, 1918. pp. 114-121, pi. 6. A new Polystichum from Cali- fornia. Joum. Washington Acad. 8cL, vol. 8, no. 19, Nov. 19, 1918, pp. 620-622. The lip-ferns of the southwest- ern United States related to Chei- lanthes myriophylla. Proc. Biol. 8oc. Washington, vol. 31, Nov. 29, 1918, pp. 139-151. A new Selaginella from Okla- homa and Texas. Proc. Biol. 8oc. Washington, vol. 31, Dec. 30, 1918, pp. 171, 172. Notes on American Ferns — Amer. Fern. Joum., vol. 9, no. 1, Jan.-Mar., 1919, pp. 1-5. A new Cheilanthes from Proc. Biol. 8oc. Washington, vol. 32. May 20, 1919, pp. Ill, 112. XIII. Mexico. A new Alsophila from Guate- mala and Vera Cruz. Proc. Biol. 8oc. Washington, vol. 32, June 27, 1919, pp. 125, 126. Means, Philip Ainswoeth. Distribu- tion and use of slings in pre-Colum- bian America, with descriptive cata- logue of ancient Peruvian slings in the United States National Museum. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 55. no. 2275. May 7. 1919. pp. 317-349, pis. 22-27, figs. 1-3. Gives distribution of the sling as an offensive weapon in ancient America, with .special reference to those from Peru. Numerous quo- tations from early Spanish writers show the wide use of the sling in South America. A large number of the specimens in the national collections are described under their respective catalogue num- bers ; a bibliography is also given. 200 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. Merriam, C. Hart. Two new manza- nitas from the Sierra Nevada of California. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 31, July 10, 1918, pp. 101-103, pis. 2-5. Mkrrit.l, George P. Further notes on the Plainview, Tex., meteorite. Proc. V. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 54, no. 2243, Oct. 7, 1918, pp. 503-505, pis. 79, 80. Takes up again the subject of the apparent brecciated structure referred to in the first paper rela- tive to this stone, and shows with apparent conclusiveness that the stone is composed of fragments of two stones differing from each other in a marked degree in their relative richness in chondrites. On the Fayette County. Tex., meteorite finds of 1878 and 1900 and the probability of their representing two distinct falls. Proc. V. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 54, no. 2248, Nov. 25, 1918, pp. 557-561, pis. 86, 87, 1 fig. Gives the results of careful mi- croscopic study of these stones and shows v/ith seeming conclusiveness that they are not, as was first sup- posed, identical, but represent two distinct falls. Lazulite in an unusual form. Amer. Mineralogist, vol. 3, no. 11, Nov., 1918, p. 192. A brief note only, calling atten- tion to the occurrence of this min- eral replacing the original rock fragments in what was apparently a volcanic breccia. The percentage number of meteorite falls and finds considered with reference to their varying basic- ity. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., vol. 5, Feb., 1919, pp. 37-39. This paper calls attention to the very interesting change in the character of meteorites noted iu the observed falls. But 5 per cent of the known meteoric irons, 16 per cent of the mesosiderites, and 25 per cent of the howardites and ureiiites have been seen to fall, against 95 to 100 per cent of acidic types grouped under the chondrule- free types. Merrill, George P. A heretofore un- described meteoric stone from Kan- sas City, Missouri, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 55, no. 2259, Apr. 12, 1919, pp. 95, 96, pis. 1, 2. Briefly describes a meteoric stone in the collection of the Daniel B. Dyer Museum of Kan- sas City, Mo., attention to which has been called by Mr. Edward Butts, the Curator. This stone was found in 1903 but its me- teoric nature, while suspected, was not fully recognized. Metcalf, Maynaed M. assisted by Mary M. Bell. The Salpidae col- lected by the United States Fisheries steamer Albatross in Pliilippine waters during the years 1908 and 1909. Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mu,9., no. 100, vol. 2, pt. 1, May 7, 1919, pp. 1-4. This paper lists the 98 lots of Salpidae secured by the AWatross in Philippine waters, embracing 11 species and 1 new variety. Tlie Salpidae: a taxonomic study. Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., no. 100, vol. 2, pt. 2, Apr. 29, 1919, pp. 1-193, pis. 1-14, text, figs. 1-150. This monograph presents a sys- tematic report on the Salpidae giving an exhaustive taxonomic diagnosis of each species with a do- tailed discussion of both the soli- tary and aggregate forms thereof, concluding with a summarized discussion of the relationships among the Salpidae as exempli- fied by these studies. A list of unidentifiable species of doubtful validity is appended with annota- tions. A key to the Salpidae is also given. Michael, Ellis L. Report on the Chaetognatha collected by the United States Fisheries steamer Albatross (luring the Philippine Expedition, 1907-1910. Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., no. 100, vol. 1, pt. 4, May 19, 1919, pp. 235-277, pis. 34-38. An exhaustive diagnosis of the Chaetognatha of the Philippines and adjacent regions, with keys for the entire group of Chaetog- LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 201 Michael, Ellis L.— Continued, natha, a systematic discussion of the 16 species found in the Philip pines, one of which is new to science, and a critical comparison of the Philippine Chaetognatha with those from the San Diego region, with annotations regard- ing their fundamental influence on the fisheries and other fauna of the Pacific. MiDDLETON, William. Notes on the larvae of some Cephidae. Proc. Ent. Soc. Waslihig- ton, vol. 19, nos. 1-4, Sept. 23, 1918, pp. 174- 179, pi. 21. Gives descriptions and a key to certain Nearctic larvae of the family Cephidae. Miller, Gerrit S., Jr. The Piltdown Jaw. Am. Journ. Phys. Anthrop., vol. 1, no. 1, July 9, 1918, pp. 25-52, pis. 1-4. The characters of this jaw which have been asserted to be diagnostically human are all features which are common to men and apes. Mammals and reptiles col- lected by Theodoor de Booy in the Virgin Islands. Proc. U. S. Nat. Miis., vol. 54, no. 2244, Oct. 15, 1918, pp. 507-511, pi. 81. Describes an extinct iguana from bones found in Indian de- posits on St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, West Indies. and James W. Gidley. Synop- Oherholser, Habry C. Larus nelsoni, in Juvenal plumage, from the Ha- waiian Islands. Auk, vol. 35, no. 3, July, 1918, pp. 349, 350. Nelson's gull is recorded from Hilo, Hawaii, and its juvenal plumage, not previously known, Is described. Numenius americanus ameri- sis of the supergeneric groups of Rodents. Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 8, no. 13, July 19, 1918, pp. 431-448. :Morbison, Harold. A report on a collection of Coccidae from Argen- tina, with descriptions of apparently new species (Horn.). Proc. Ent. Sac. Wa.shino- ton, vol. 21, no. 4, Sept. 27, 1919, pp. 63-91, pis. 4-7. Describes seven new species and gives notes on various other species. Noble, G. K. (See under Outram Bangs. ) canus not a breeding bird of Michi- gan. Auk, vol. 35, no. 3, July, 1918, pp. 350, 351. An egg in the National Museum collection, previously reported to belong to this species, proves to be doubtful, and its Michigan origin is shown to be uncertain. Junco aikeni in New Mexico. Auk, vol. 35, no. 3, July, 1918, p. 357. The white-winged junco is re- corded from New Mexico on the basis of a specimen in the Na- tional Museum. Description of a new sub- species of Cyanolaemus clemenciae. Condor, vol. 20, no. 5, Sept. 27, 1918, pp. 181, 182. A new subspecies of humming- bird, from Arizona, is here de- scribed. Notes on North American birds. VI. Auk, vol. 35, no. 4, Oct., 1918, pp. 4R3-467. Notes on the status of six spe- cies of North American birds. The subspecies of Larus hy- perboreus Gunnerus. Auk, vol. 35, no. 4, Oct., 1918, pp. 467^74. The glaucous and Point Barrow gulls are here treated, with de- scriptions, synonymy and distribu- tion of each. The range and status of Aphelocoma californica hypoleuca Ridgway. Auk, vol. 35, no. 4, Oct., 1918, pp. 480, 481. Xantus's jay is maintained to be a subspecies of the California jay. 202 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. Obekholsek, Habby C. The nortlieru- most record of Icterus parisorum. Auli, vol. 35, no. 4, Oct., 1918, pp. 481, 482. Two specimens of Scott's oriole are recorded from near Stillwater, Nevada. Russet-backert thrush (Hylo- cichla ustulata ustulata) in New Mexico. Auk, vol. 35, no. 4, Oct., 1918, p. 483. Records this form from Luna County, N. Mex. Diagnosis of a new genus of Anatidae from South America. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 8, no. 17, Oct. 19, 1918, pp. 571, 572. Anser juhaUis, a goose from South America, is here placed in a new genus, Neochen. Description of a new Lanius from Lower California. Condor, vol. 20, no. 6, Dec. 12, 1918, pp. 209, 210. Lanius ludovicianus nelsoni, a new shrike, is here described from material in the National Museum. Description of a new lole from the Anamba Islands. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing- ton, vol. 31, Dec. 30, 1918, pp. 197, 198. The status of the genus Orclii- lus Cabanls. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing- ton, vol. 31, Dec. 30, 1918, pp. 203, 204. The synonymy of this genus of tyrant birds is discussed, and the name Orchilus (preoccupied) is re- placed by Notorchilus; three spe- cies are assigned to it. Spizixidae, a new family of pycnonotine passeriformes. Journ. Washington Acad. *Sct., vol. 9, no. 1, Jan. 4, 1919, pp. 14-16. A family is created for bulbuls of the genera Spizoxos and Co- phixus, the last a new genus. Description of a new sub- species of Piranga hepatica Swain- sou. Auk, vol. 36, no. 1, Jan., 1919, pp. 74-80. A new form of the hepatic tana- ger is described from the south- western United States, extending Obebholseb, Habby C. — Continued. to central Mexico ; a list of locali- ties and table of measurements are added. Notes on North American birds. VII. Auk, vol. 3G, no. 1, Jan. 1919, pp. 81-85. Observations on the status of 6 species, representing 5 families. Diagnosis of a new genus of Bucerotidae. Journ. Washington Acad. 8ci., vol. 9, no. 6, Mar. 19, 1919, pp. 167, 168. Plaiycorax is proposed as the generic title for a hornbill from the Philippines. Larus canus brachyrhynchus in Wyoming. Auk, vol. 36, no. 2, Apr., 1919, pp. 276, 277. An example in the U. S. Na tional Museum from Lake Porl£, in the Wind River Mountains, is re- corded as the easternmost occur- rence of the bird in the United States. Description of a new Conurus from the Andaman Islands. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing- ton, vol. 32, Apr, 11, 1919, pp. 29-32. Cotiurus fasciatus abiotti, a par- oquet, is here indicated as new. The birds of the Tambelan Islands, South China Sea. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 55, no. 2262, Apr. 26, 1919, pp. 129-143. Twenty-two species are re- corded from this group, of which one, a stone-plover, is described as new. Notes on the wrens of the genus Nannus Billberg. Proc. V. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 55, no. 2265. Apr. 28. 1919, pp. 223-236. Thirty-six species and subspecies are listed, and the American forms, nine in number, are synopticaliy treated ; three subspecies from the Aleutian Islands are new. Notes on birds collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott on Pulo Taya, Ber- hala Strait, southeastern Sumatra. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 55, no. 2268, Apr. 28, 1919. pp. 267-274. An account of the birds, 10 species, found on this Island, with descriptions of 2 new forms. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 203 Oberholseb, Haery C. A revision of the subspecies of tlie wtiite-coUared kingfislier, Sauropatis chloris (Bod- daert). Proc. U. S. Nat. Mtis., vol. 55, no. 2276, May 2, 1019, pp. 351-395. Twenty - four subspecies are recognized, of which 5 are de- .scribed sls new. The races of the Nicobar megapode. IVIegapodins nicobariensis Blyth. Proc. XJ. »?. Nat. Miis., vol. 55, no. 2278, May 7, 1919, pp. 399-402. Two forms are recognized, one of them new. Notes on Dr. TV. L. Abbott's second collection of birds from Sima- lur Island, western Sumatra. Proc. XJ. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 55, no. 2282, June 5, 1919, pp. 473-498, 1 map. Annotated list of 38 species, of ■which 1, a rail of the genus Hypo- taenidia, is described as new. Description of an interesting new junco from Lower California. Condor, vol. 21, no. 3, June 6, 1919, pp. 119, 120. Jiinco oreganiis pontilis is de- scribed from the Hanson Laguna Mountains, in northern Lower California. The status of the subgenus Sieberocitta Coues. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing- ton, vol. 32, June 27, 1919, pp. 135-137. This subgenus is recognized for the Arizona jay and its allies, but is shown to intergrade with the genus Aphelocoma through a Mexican species, A. guerrerensis. Payson, Edwin Blake. The North American species of Aquilegia. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herh., vol. 20, pt. 4, Oct. 14, 1918, pp. 133-157, pis. 8-14. Penabd, Thomas E. (See under Out- ram Bangs.) Pennell, Fkancis W. Eysenhardtia. North. Amer. Flora,, vol. 24, pt. 1, Apr. 25, 1919, pp. 34-40. PiEECE, W. DwiGHT. The comparative morphology of the order Strepslp- tera together with records and de- scriptions of in.sects. Proc. U. S. Nat. Afus., vol. 54, no. 2242, Sept. 12, 1918, pp. 391-501, pis. 64-78. In addition to giving the mor- phology, the author cites much biological data accumulated since his monograph of the group, the material being arranged as in the monograph for riady reference, gives a complete host list and de- scribes 1 new family, 9 new gen- era, 2 new subgenera, and 25 new species and proposes 1 new name for a preoccupied generic name. PiLSBEY, Henry A. Cirripedia from the Panama Canal Zone. Bull. V. 8. Nat Mus., no. 103, Jan. 28, 1919, pp. 185-188, pi. 67. Five species of fossil barnacles are described, including one new species and one new subspecies. Piper, Charles V. Some western spe- cies of Lathyrus. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing- ton, vol. 31, Dec. 30, 1918, pp. 189-196. Types of several of the species and subspecies described are in the U. S. National Herbarium. New Pacific Coast plants. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing- ton, vol. 32, Apr. 11, 1919, pp. 41-44. Types of several of the new species described are in the U. S. National Herbarium. Pogue, .Toseph E. An interpretation of the engine fuel situation. Joum. Soc. Automotive En- gineers, Apr., 1919, pp. 247-255. A detailed analysis of the motor- fuel problem, with the following conclusion : (a) The domestic pro- duction of crude petroleum is Hear- ing its maximum ; (&) The natural gasoline content of this supply is lessening; (c) Mexico offers no re- lief competent to solve the issue ; (d) Substitute fuels need not enter into present consideration ; (c) The supply of engine fuel can be main- tained only through an extraordi- nary dependence upon cracking or through changes in engine type ; 204 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. PoGXJE, Joseph E. — Continued. (f) Cracking can not meet the Is- sue at a favorable price; (g) The burden, therefore, falls upon the automotive engine, which must consequently so adapt itself as to gain higher thermal efficiency, and to use less specialized (less vola- tile) fuel, A review of the motor-fuel sit- uation. Automotive Industries, Juno 12, 1919, pp. 1319-1324. This paper reviews the limita- tions and possibilities of the vari- ous fuel sources, discusses the in- terrelation of engine and fuel de- velopments, and comments on the essentials of a research organiza- tion needed. The Engine-fuel problem. Floe, of Automotive Engi- neers, June 23, 1919, 4 pp. This paper gives an analysis of the motor-fuel problem and urges the formation of a motor-fuel re- search organization with the three- fold function of economic analysis, laboratory research, and industrial coordination. O. (See also imder Chester Gilbert. ) assisted by Isador Lubin Prices of petroleum and its products during the war. U. /?. Fuel Administration and War Industries Board, 55 pp., 24 figs., 3 tables. This bulletin was prepared for the Fuel Administration in coordi- nation with a series of price his- tories compiled by the Price Sec- tion of the Bureau of Planning of the War Industries Board, which deal with the fluctuations in the prices of fifty classes of commodi- ties during the past six years. It includes an t-valuation of the prici' factors peculiar to the exploitatiou of petroleum ; a commercial history of the petroleum industry ; and a detailed record and interpretation of the run of prices for petroleum and its products from 1913-1918. Ramsden, Charles T. Thoma s Ba rbour. ) (See under Ransom, Brayton H, and W. D. Fos- ter. Recent discoveries concerning tlie life history of Ascaris lumbri- coides. Journ. Parasitol., vol. 5, no. 3, Mar., 1919, pp. 93-99. A detailed annotated discussion of the life history of Ascaris lum- hricoides. Rathbun, Mary J. Report on the spider crabs obtained by the F. I, S. " Endeavour " on the coasts of Queensland, New Soutli Wales, Vic- toria, South Australia, and Tas- mania. Commonwealth of Australia, Dept. of Trade and Cus- toms, Fisheries, Biological Results of the Fishing Ex- periments carried on hy the F. I. 8. " Endeavour " 1909-191Ji, vol 5, pt. 1, Nov. 6, 1918, pp. 1-29, pis. 1-15, text flgs. 1-3. The spider crabs number 27 species, 9 of which are new, one of these represents a now genus Ephippias. The second set of specimens has been presented to the U. S. Na- tional Museum ; the types and ad- ditional material are in the Aus- tralian Museum, Sydney. Decapod crustaceans from the Panama region. Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., no. 103, Jan. 8, 1919, pp. 123-184, pis. 54-66. Embraces 61 species for the Panama region, including Costa Rica, all but 3 of which are found- ed on material examined by the writer ; it ranges from the Oligo- cene to the Pleistocene. Thirty- nine species are described as new, 3 are types of new genera, Calap- pella, MursiUa, and Oatunia, the last being the basis of a new family, Qatuniidae. In the list of stations and the table of distribution the data re- lating to Cirripedia from Dr. H. A. Pilsbry's report, also in Bulletin 103, are included for convenience of reference. Three new South American river crabs. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 32, Feb. 14, 1919, pp. 5. 6. These crabs were obtained for the IT. S. National Museum through the activities of the Uni- versity of Michigan. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 205 Rathbun, Richard. Report on the progress and condition of the United States National Museum for the year ending June 30, 1917. 8vo., pp. 1-184, Sept. 20, 1918. Ravenel, W. deC. Report on the progress and condition of the United States National Museum for the year ending June 30, 1918. 8vo., pp. 1-175, pis. 1-4, Apr. 18, 1919. RiDGWAT, Robert. The birds of North and Middle America : a de- scriptive catalogue of the higher groups, genera, species, and subspe- cies of birds known to occur in North America, from the arctic lands to the Isthmus of Panama, the West Indies and other islands of the Caribbean Sea, and the Gala- pagos Archipelago. Part VIII. Fam- ily Jacanidae. Family Oedicnemi- dae. Family Haematopodidae. Fam- ily Arenariidae. Family Aplirizidae. Family Cliaradriidae. Family Scol- opacidae. Family Phalaropodidae. Family Recurvirostridae, Family Rynchopidae. Family Sternidae. Family Laridae. Family Ster- corariidae. Family Alcidae. Bull. V. S. Nat. Mus., no. 50, pt. 8, June 26, 1919, pp. i-xvi, 1-852, pis. 1-.34. The present volumo deals with the order Charadriifornics, cm- bracing (within the geographical limits of the work) the plovers and related shore birds, the gulls, terns, and skimmers, and the auks. Two subspecies of plover, one of sooty tern, and a new genus of sand- pipers are described as new. Riley, J. 11. A winter record of Be- wick's wren from northern Virginia. Auk, TOl. 35, no. 4, Oct., 1918, p. 483. Notes the occurrence of this spe- cies at Falls Church in February. Annotated catalogue of a col- lection of birds made by Mr. Copley Amory, jr., in northeastern Siberia. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 54, no. 2255, Oct. 28, 1918, pp. 607-626. Riley, J. H. — Continuetl. Notes on a collection of 228 specimens, representing 76 species, from the Kolyma River region, Si- beria. Two new genera and 8 new birds from Celebes. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 31, Dec. 30, 1918, pp. 155-159. Eight species, in as many fami- lies, are described as new. Cele- tcsia and Coracornis are new ge- nera of caterpillar-shrikes and thickheads, respectively. Six new birds from Celebes and Java. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 32, May 20, 1919, pp. 9.V96. Five new forms from Celebes and one from Java are here described. Megalurus celehensis is a new spe- cies of marsh warbler, of a genus not previously recorded from Celebes. Robinson, B. L. Diagnoses and notes relating to tropical American Eupa- torieae. Proc. Atncr. Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 54, no. 4, Oct. 8, 1918, pp. 235-263. Types of some of the new species described are in the U. S. National Herbarium. A descriptive revision of the Colombian Eupatoriums. Proc. Amrr. Acnd. Arts and 8ci., vol. 54, no. 4, Oct. 8, 1918, pp. 264-330. Keyed recensions of the Eu- patoriums of Venezuela and Ecu- ador. Proc. Amrr. Acad. Arts and. 8ci., vol. 54, no. 4, Oct. 8, 1918, pp. 331-367. RoHWER, S. A. The American species of the genus Cephus Latreillc. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 19, nos. 1-4, Sept. 23, 1918, pp. 139-141. Gives a key to the .\merican spe- cies with notes on their distribu- tion. A note on Chalcis abiesae Girault (Hym. ; Chalcididae.) Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 20, no. 1, Sept, 27, 1918, p. 18. Expresses belief that this is a good species. 206 KEPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. RoHWER, S. A. New sawflies of the subfamily Diprioninae (Hym.) Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 20, no. 4, Sept. 27, 1918, pp. 79-90. Gives generic synopsis describ- ing tw® new genera and one new subgenus ; also describes eight new species. Descriptions and note.s on some Ichneumon flies from Java. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 54, no. 2249, Nov. 25, 1918, pp. 563-570. Describes ten new species. ■ Notes on and descriptions of some sawflies from the Australian region. Ann Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9, vol. 2, Nov., 1918, pp. 433-440, Describes one new genus and four new species. Under tlie ar- rangement with the British Mu- seum (N. II.) para types are to be returned to the National Museum. The North American species of the sawfly genus Laurentia (Hym.) Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 20, no. 7, Dec. 4, 1918, pp. 157-159. Gives a synopsis of the Nearctic species. Notes on and descriptions of sawflies belonging to the Teathredi- nid tribe Hemichroini. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington. vol. 20, no. 8, Jan. 24, 1919, pp. 161-173. Gives catalogue of the Nearctic species, a generic and specific synopsis and describes two new species. Descriptions of three para- sites of Agrilus angelicus (Hym.) Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 21, no. 1, Feb. 24, 1919. pp. 4-8, 1 fig. Describes three new species. Description of a new Cynipoid from Trinidad (Hym.) Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 21, no. 6, June 18, 1919, p. 156. Describes Diglyphosoma an- astrcphae. (See also under R. A. Cush- RoHWER, S. A., and R. A. Cushman. Idiogastra, a new suborder of Hy- menoptera with notes on the imma- ture stages of Oryssus. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 19, nos. 1-4, Sept. 23, 1918, pp. 89-98, pis. 11, 12. Describes a new suborder for the Oryssoid Ilymenoptera and gives descriptions of the larva and pnpa of Oryssus occidcntalis Crcsson. and Margaret M. Fagan. Ad- ditions and corrections to " The type species of the genera of the Cyni- poidea or the gall wasps and para- sitic Cynipoids." Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 55, no. 2266, Apr. 20, 1919, pp. 237-240. Additions and corrections to a previous paper by the same authors. Rose, J. N. Echeveria nodulosa. Addisonia, vol. 3, no. 2, June 29, 1918, p. 23, pi. 92. Sinningia speciosa. Addisonia, vol. 3, no. 2, Jun<> 29, 1918, pp. 29, 30, pi. 95. Crassulaceae [Additions and man.) Corrections]. North A7ncr. Flora, vol. 22, pt. 6, Dec. 30, 1918, pp. 535-548. ( See also under N. L. Britton.) RoAvi,EE, W. W. Synopsis of the genus Ochroma, with descriptions of new .species. Journ. Washington Acad. 8ci., vol 9, no. 6, Mar. 19, 1919, pp. 157-167. Rydberg, Per Axel. Fabaceae: Pso- raleae (part). North Amcr. Flora, vol. 24, pt. 1, Apr. 25, 1919, pp. 1-64. Safford, W. E. Chenopodium nuttal- liae, a food plant of the Aztecs. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 8, no. 15, Sept. 19, 1918, pp. 521-527, figs. 1-3. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 207 SciiAi.LEB, Waldemab T. Geiiis and precioug stones in 1916. Min. Res. U. 8., 1916, pt. 2, June 27, 1918, pp. 887-899. Includes a detailed description of an exhibit of tourmaline and other gem minerals in the pegma- tites of southern California, in- stalled in the Museum under the direction of the author, who has made an intensive study of the region under the joint auspices of the U. S. National Museum and U. S. Geological Survey, in the course of which the materials comprising the exhibit were collected. ScHAUs, William. A new Agrias from Guatemala (Lep. ; Nymphalidne). Ent News, vol. 29, no. 10, Dec, 1918, pp. 387, 388. A now Amastus from Argen- tina (Lep.; Arctiidae). Ent. T^ews, vol. 30, no. 6174, June, 1919. Describes A. formosana new epecies. Schmidt, Kabl Patterson. Contribu- tions to the lierpetology of the Bel- gian Congo. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 39, art. 2, Apr., 1919, pp. 385-624, pis. 7-32, figs. 1-26. In the preparation of this paper the author had access to material in the tJ. S. National Museum for comparison. ScHNKioER, Camillo. Notes on Ameri- can willows. III. A conspectus of American species and varieties of sections Reticulatae, Herbaceae, Ovalifoliae, and Glaucae. Bot. Gaz., vol. 67, no. 1, Jan., 1919, pp. 27-64. Notes on American willows. IV. Species and varieties of section Longifolliae. Bot. Oaz., vol. 67, no. 4, Apr., 1919, pp. 309-346. ScHucHKRT, Charles. A Lower Cam- brian edrioasterid, Stromatocystites walcotti. Smithsonian Misc. Colls., vol. 70, no. 1, 1919. pp. 1-8, pi. 1, 1 flg. Describes and figures a new species of edrioasterid from the Lower Cambrian of Newfoundland, at first thought to belong to a new ScH ucHEiJT, CiiAiiLES — Continued. genus. Comparison with speci- mens of the genotype of Stromato- cystites, however, cloarly showed its correct placement in that genus. The description of the species is preceded by a redefinition of the genus. Schwarz, E. a. and H. S. Barbh.b. Two new Hydrophilid beetles. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washinrf- ton, vol. 19, nos. 1-4, Sept. 23, 1919, pp. 129- 135, 2 figs. Describes Epimetopus therma- rum from warm streams of Ari- zona, giving a table of species of the genus, and Spercheus stangll from the Philippine Islands, with a list of the species of the genus. Shannon, R. C. (See under T. E. Suyder. ) Shufeldt, R. W. The skeleton of the " kea parrot " of New Zealand (Nes- tor notabilis). Emu, vol. 18, pt. 1. .Tuly 1, 1918, pp. 25-43, pis. 4-10. A descriptive account of the skeleton of this species, based upon material recently acquired by the National Museum. Mounted bird exhibits of the United States National Museum at Washington. Avicultural Mag., ser. 3, vol. 9, no. 11, Sept., 1918, pp. 273, 274, 1 pi. Notes on a cuclioo and 2 species of pigeons, the latter illustrated from examples in the U. S. Na- tional Museum. Notes on the osteology of the young of the hoatzin (Opisthocomus cristatus) and other points on its morphology. Jo'iirn. Morphology/, vol. 31, no. 3, Dec, 1918, pp. 599-615, pis. 1-4. An account of the skeleton of the young hoatzin, accompanied by a bibliography of 25 titles. The shell builders — a brief in- troduction to the study of conchol- ogy. Part 1, 8ci. Amer. Suppl., vol. 87, no. 2263, May 17, 1919, pp. 308-310, 6 illustrations. 208 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1919. Shufeldt, 11. W. — Continued. Part 2, Sci. Amer. SiippL, vol. 87, DO. 2265, May 31, 1919, pp. 348, 349, 6 illustrations. o.^Part 3, Sci. Amer. Suppl., **■ vol. 87, no. 2267, .June 14, 1919, pp. 380-381, 6 illustrations. An interesting discussion of the history, morphology, economic, and esthetic value of mollusks, aug- mented by stories of the better known forms. Smith, Frank, and Bessie R. Green. Descriptions of new African eartli- worms, including a new genus of Moniligastridae. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 55, no. 2263, May 19, 1919, pp. 145-166, text figs. 1-18. Describes one new genus and three new species of earthworms collected on the eastern coast of British East Africa, with an ex- haustive discussion of the anatom- ical relations of the new form. Snyder, John Otterbein. Three new wliitefislies from Bear Lake, Idalio and Utah. Bull. Bur. Fish., vol. 36, no. 864, May 7, 1919, pp. 3-9, 3 figs. It is the purpose of this paper to direct attention to some little known but very important food fishes in Bear Lake, Idaho and Utah. These fishes ai'e also of in- terest to ichthyologists, as they belong to previously unknown forms. Snydes, T. E. Some significant struc- tural modifications in Nearctic Termites. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washing- ton, vol. 21, no. 5, May 5, 1919, pp. 97-104, pi. 8. and R. C. Shannon. Notes on the insect fauna of Bank Swallows' nests in Virginia. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wa^Muff- ton, vol. 21, no. 5, May 5, 1919, pp. 110-112. Springer, Frank. On Mysticocrinus, a new genus of Silurian Crinoidea. Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 46, Nov., 1918, pp. 666-668. pi. 2. The new genus Mysticocriuns, with M. ipilsoni as the genotype, Springes, Frank— Continued. is founded on material from the Silurian near St. Paul, Indiana. Ample illustrations accompany the description. The type is in the author's collection in the U. S. National Museum. A new species of fossil Peu- tacrinus from the East Indies. Nederlandsche Timor-Expe- ditic, vol. 2, 1918, pp. 1-8, pi. 1. Describes and figures the new species Pentacrtnus rotiensis. The type is in the collection of Dr. G. A. F. Molengraaff, but speci- mens in the author's collection are figured for comparison. Standley, Paul C. Omiltemia, a new genus of Rubiaceae from Mexico. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 8, no. 13, July 19, 1918, pp. 426, 427. Six new species of trees and shrubs from Mexico. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing- ton, vol. 31, Nov. 29, 1918, pp. 131-134. The North American species of Genipa. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 8, no. 20, Dec. 4, 1918, pp. 639-643. Rubiales. North Amrr. Flora, vol. 32, pt. 1, Dec. 28, 1918, p. 1. Rubiaceae (part). North Amer. Flora, vol. 32, pt. 1, Dec. 28, 1918, pp. 3-86. A neglected Solidago name. Rhodora, vol. 21, no. 243, Mar., 1919, pp. 69, 70. A new Nj'ctelea name. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing- ton, vol. 32, June 27, 1919, p. 143. Stejneger, Leonhard. The name of the horned-toad from the Salt Lake Basin. Copeia, No. 65, .Tan. 22, 1919, pp. 3, 4. Contends for its distinctness under the name of Phrynosoma dougla^sii ornatum. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 209 Stejnegeb, Leonhard. The "Glass- snake" of Formosa. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing- ton, vol. 32, June 27, 1919, p. 142. A comparison of Formosan specimens received from the Insti- tute of Science, Government of Formosa, with a Chinese specimen of Ophisaurus harti in the U. S. National Museum shows them to be identical. Stoker, Tracy Irwin, (See under Jo- seph Grinnell.) Swales, B. H. Stilt sandpiper (Mi- cropalama himantopus) in Wyom- ing. Auk, vol. 36, no. 1, Jan., 1919, p. 102. Records the occurrence of this species in Wyoming, based on spec- imens long In the U. S. National Museum collection. Swabth, H. S. Three new subspecies of Passerella iliaca. Proc. Biol. f?oc. Washington, vol. 31, Dec. 30, 1918, pp. 161-163. Three new forms of fox spar- rows are here described, all from California. Taylor, Walter P. An additional rec- ord of Ammodramus savannarum bimaculatus in eastern Washintgon. Auk., vol. 36, no. 2, Apr., 1919, pp. 287, 288. The western grasshopper spar- row Is recorded from Adams Co., based on a specimen in the U. S. National Museum. Todd, W. E. Clyde. Descriptions of apparently new Colombian birds. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 32, June 27, 1919, pp. 113-117. Nineteen species and subspecies, chiefly from the Colombian States of Boyaca and Santander, are diagnosed as new. TowNSEND, C. H. T. New Muscoid genera, species and synonymy. Insecutor Inscitiae Men- struus, vol. 6, nos. 7-9, Oct. 30, 1918, pp. 151- 156; nos. 10-12, Jan. 11, 1919, pp. 157-182. In this paper 58 new genera and 37 tiew species are described. 143943°— 20 14 Ulrich, E. O. The formations of the Chester series in western Kentucky and their correlates elsewhere. Kentucky Geol. 8ur., Frank- fort, 1917 [1918], pp. i-iv, 1-272, pis. A-H2, 1-11. Based upon field investigations made by the author at various times during the past 30 years. The introductory chapters, giving a summary of the work, include correlations by fossils and other criteria. Part 2 deals with the stratigraphy, and sections from practically all localities studied are given. Part 3 is devoted to the paleontology of the Chester group. The characteristic fossils of the various formations are described and figured, including a number of new forms, the specimens being for the most part in the collection of the National Museum or that of Mr. Frank Springer. Van Cleave, H. J. Acanthocephala of the subfamily Rhadinorhynchinae from American fish. Journ. Parasitol,, vol. 5, no. 1, Sept., 1918, pp. 17-24, pi. 3. A comprehensive, annotated dis- cussion of Acanthocephala of the subfamily Rhadinorhynchinae from American fish. Van Eseltine, G. P. The allies of Selaginella rupestris in the south- eastern United States. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herh., vol. 20, pt. 5, Oct. 1, 1918, pp. 159-172, pis. 15-22, figs. 63-70. Vatjghan, Thomas Wayland. Some shoal-water corals from Murray Island (Australia), Cocos-Keeling Islands and Fanning Island. Papers from the Dept. of Marine Biology, of the Carnegie Inst, of Wash- ington, vol. 9, pub. no. 213, Aug. 30, 1918, pp. 51-233, pis. 20-93, 2 figs. This paper is one of a series be- gun in 1892 on the Tertiary corals of the United States and the Caribbean area, which have several objects, including (1) description of the successive coral faunas for the aid they might render in geological correlation ; (2) the tracing of the relations between the successive 210 KEPORT OF NATIOISTAL MUSEUM, 1919. Vaughan, Thomas Wayland — Contd. faunas in the hope that informa- tion might be obtained on their evolution; (3) consideration of the ecology of the faunas for light which might be thrown on the con- ditions, especially those of depth and temperature, under which the sediments in which they are em- bedded were deposited. In order to understand properly the fossil faunas of the areas mentioned it was necessary to study those now living in the western Atlantic, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Caribbean Sea, and to further extend sys- tematic knowledge of living coral faunas and study critically the re- lations of the faunas to environ- mental factors. The present paper presents a critical discussion of the geographic distribution of the species of corals from Murray, Co- cos-Keeling, and Fanning Islands, with a detailed annotated system- atic discussion of the species found, including the description of 12 new species, 1 new subspecies, and 1 new genus. Based partly on Museum material. Some shoal-water bottom samples from Murray Island, Aus- tralia, and comparisons of them with samples from Florida and the Bahamas. Papers from the Dept. of Marine Biology, of the Carnegie Inst, of Wash- ington, vol. 9, pub. no. 213, Aug. 30, 1918, pp. 239-288, pis. 94-95. The present paper is a prelimin- ary contribution to the study of the marine bottom deposits in three coral reef areas, namely, Murray Island, Australia, the Bahamas, southern Florida. The temperature of the Flor- ida coral reef tract. Papers from the Dept. of Marine Biology, of the Carnegie Inst, of Wash- ington, vol. 9, pub. no. 213, Aug. 30, 1918, pp. 319-339, with text figs. The temperature data herewith presented were assembled prima- rily for their bearing on the effect temperature exerts on the bathy- metric and geographic distribution of coral reefa. Vaughan, Thomas Wayland. The biologic character and geologic cor- relation of the sedimentary forma- tions of Panama in their relation to the geologic history of Central America and the "West Indies. Bull. V. 8. Nat. Mus., no. 103, May 19, 1919, pp. 547-612, 2 insets. Presents biologic summaries for each of the formations for which paleontologic data are available, with brief discussions of the geo- logic age ; geologic correlation of the formations and the distribu- tion of their age equivalents in Central America, the West Indies, and the southeastern United States ; and an outline of the paleogeography of middle America. Walcott, Charles D. Cambrian geol- ogy and paleontology, IV, No. 4. Ap- pendages of trilobites. Smithsonian Misc. Colls., vol. 67, no. 4, Dec., 1918, pp. 115-216, pis. 14-42, figs. 1-3. The author summarizes his in- vestigations of the appendages of trilobites during the past 45 years, a research undertaken in pursuance of a promise made to Prof. Louis Agassiz in 1873. His summary of 1881 is reviewed and corrected, to- gether with later papers discussing his various discoveries in this sub- ject. A number of species of trilo- bites with appendages are described and figured. Some conclusions drawn are that the trilobite's ap- pendages show it to have been a marine crustacean far more highly developed than would have seemed possible in a period so infinitely re- mote. Wetmork, Alexander. Birds observed near Minco, central Oklahoma. Wilson Bull., vol. 30, no. 1, Mar., 1918, pp. 2-10 ; No. 2, June, 1918, pp. 56-61. Notes on 62 species and sub- species. The birds of Desecheo Island, Porto Rico. Au1(, vol. 35, no. 3, July, 1918, pp. 333-340. An account of this island and its bird life ; 11 species are recorded. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 211 Wetmore, Alexander. On the anat- omy of Nyctibius with notes on allied birds. Proc. U. S. Nat. Miis., vol. 54, no. 2251, Oct. 15, 1918, pp. 577-586, figs. 1-7. Describes the auatomy of the trunk of a species of potoo, and discusses the relationships of sev- eral related families. Bones of birds collected by Theodoor do Booy from kitchen mid- den deposits in the islandis of St. Thomas and St. Croix. Proc. U. S. 2^"at. Mus., vol. 54, no. 2245, Nov. 21, 1918, pp. 513-522, pi. 82. Notes on a series of bones, re- ferred to 13 species, one of which represents a new genus and species of rail. Notes on the structure of the palate in the Icteridse. Auk, vol. 36, no. 2, April, 1919, pp. 190-197, figs. 1, 2. An examination of the palate in a majority of the genera of this fam- ily reveals the presence of a keel- like or knoblike structure in cer- tain groups. These features are here described. Wherry, Edgar T. Notes on mimetite, thaumasite, and wavellite. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 54, no. 2240, Dec. 23, 1918, pp. 373-381, pi. 56. A specimen labeled " Penfleldite, Tintic District, Utah " is shown by optical, chemical, and crystal- lographic study to be mimetite. Crystallographic measurements of thaumasite crystals from Patorson, N. J., are given, and the chemical composition of this mineral is dis- cussed. Measurable crystals of wavellite have been found at Heller- town, Pa. Their forms are de- scribed and an analysis given. WiGDOR, Meyer. A new fluke from the dog. Journ. Amer. Vrt. Mrd. Assn., vol. 54 (n. s.), 7, no. 3, Dec, 1918, pp. 254-257, figs. 1-4. Describes Hallum caninum, new species, based on Museum material. AViGDOK, Meyer. (See also under Maurice C. Hall.) Wilson, Charles Branch. A new species of parasitic Copepod, with notes on species already described. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 55, no. 2274, May 2, 1919, pp. 313-316, pi. 21. Describes Gloiopotes costatus new species and discusses three previously described forms. North American parasitic Copepods, belonging to the family Sphyriidae. Proc. U. .'>'. Nat. Mus., vol. 55, no. 2286, June 18, 1919, pp. 549-604, pis. 50-59. This is the fifteenth paper in the series dealing with the para- sitic copepods in the National Mu- seum and comprises a new family, the Sphyriidae, 2 new genera, 5 new species, also a discussion of 9 previously described forms. Wood, Fred J. Historic turnpike roads and toUgates. Daughters Amer. Rev. Mag., vol. 53. no. 4, Apr., 1919, pp. 205-219, 13 illustra- tions. One paper, the concluding article of a series appearing in this maga- zine from January to April, 1919. based in part on transportation models in the U. S. National Mu- seum. Wyeb, Samuel S. Natural Gas : Its production, service, and conservation. ^ull. V. 8. Nat. Mus., no. 102, pt. 7, Dec. 28, 1918, pp. 1-67, pis. 1-7, figs. 1-20, 2 maps. Natural gas is the least appreci- ated, consequently the most abused, of the mineral resources In popu- lar use. Mr. Wyer aims to analyze the causes of waste with a view to pointing the way to adequate reme- dial measures. o tSE; New York Botanical Garden Libra 111 3 5185 00259 0238