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Si ‘a PC (1 Gq aC¢ g € ANS sai adanet wo. eS, eat | a or) we EO ATI PO eh patted A), q h ne a Se I~ De eo ai is ~ = wi Se vy : vw st ToS aia ail chicas ee Vn sath, hd = ao ad | i i i a a dl Sk ee ad ‘an pf Blyth i] st, GAR we OOS OS'S ews SS~ Kwa’ Veye wh wy (ATS, fs we nN PAI? ated tn ans Vialy'vivivle se I A AA IOS ~ aw: San Gt at 7 ps? 4 SE yet SS ip eh Aa PRI RAGA ee ee NES oe 4 SOG’ : ~= Ne i i] td J A =, x oe . eo, ey ‘ ~ e = >t ~ Ne Ni Shat be i SN AGS - Sus bx ie ws hn “et Vo v' td cH = Wg SS Se eNO i ieee © et OO PURR, D RRS a . > -k Bete UA Al Ve 7 a te gh &. re sa ipso is ie ij i if HN) oH fe ( THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Z00LOGY. | REPORT on the Snore Fisues procured during the Voyage of H.M.S. Chal- lenger in the Years 1873-1876. By Auserr Ginruer, M.A., M.D., Ph.D., F.R.S., Keeper of the Department of Zoology in the British Museum. Tue collection of Fishes procured during the voyage of H.M.S8. Challenger has been divided into two distinct series. The first consists of the specimens collected near the coast at the various localities at which the Expedition landed: they are littoral forms, to which a few obtained from fresh waters have been added. The second consists of the specimens obtained in the open sea, either from the surface or from the bottom ; these are the Pelagic and Deep-sea forms. The present part treats of the fishes of the first series only. Care has been taken to enumerate all the species collected, with a statement of the localities where they were captured ; but descriptions of a part only are given—viz., of those which proved to be new or but imperfectly known. This series consists of 1400 specimens, representing 520 species, of which 94 are new to science; and, throughout, bears evidence of having been collected with judgment and discrimination ; the specimens being carefully labelled, and, with but few exceptions, in an excellent state of preservation. The opportunities of collecting shore fishes were dependent on many circumstances, and, consequently, the faunze of the various localities are very unequally represented in this collection, as must needs be the case in all voyages of discovery. Therefore it seemed to me far more useful to students of ichthyology, as well as to travellers, to arrange the materials geographically, than to follow a strictly systematic order, Indeed, in adopting this plan I have found a precedent in J. R. Forster’s Descriptiones Animalium, which contains the zoological results of Cook’s Voyage (Z00L, CHALL, EXP. —PaRT vi—1880.) F 1 (nao / 4 ‘ u JUN 08 1987 2435-0 LiSHAKIES ation images el > Dy THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. round the Globe in 1772-1774; to facilitate reference, however, to any particular species, I have added a separate systematic list of all the species collected. The proportion of new species is larger than could have been anticipated, as most of the localities visited had been previously well searched by naturalists, and is much larger than is found in the majority of similar miscellaneous collections. The localities which yielded the most important results by the discovery not only of undescribed species, but also of those to which particular faunistic interest is attached, are, in the Atlantic, St Paul’s Rocks, Ascension, and the mouth of the Plate River ; in the Southern Ocean, Magellan Straits, Juan Fernandez, and Kerguelen Island; in the Pacific, Twofold Bay, the Arafura Sea, the Admiralty, Sandwich Islands, and Japan. In accordance with the instructions received, a complete set of the series, including 661 specimens, especially the typical examples from which descriptions and figures have been taken, has been deposited in the British Museum. CONTENTS Page Page J. Tae Fiso-Fauna oF THE SHORES OF THE (0.) Magellan Straits and Falkland Islands, 19 ATLANTIC :— (ca) Mares oa OP hs Wot, ING III. Tue Fisu-Fauna oF THE TEMPERATE ZONE : OF THE SoutH PactFre :— lantic, : : ; Bue tes) i (b.) Tropical Atlantic A (a.) Valparaiso and Juan Fernandez, 23. antic, : 1. Surface Fishes collected at St Paul's (0.) New Zealand, : 26 Rocks, . ’ f 4 (c.) Coasts of Southern Australia, . 27 2. Surface Fishes collected at the ‘std TEV. SAGER SEEA GHOSE RRC ZOeniGn oO ee i ‘ F ie : tHe Inpo-Paciric :— es Se eae i i es) nae 5 (a.) Fishes from the River Mary, Queens- Ge ae ravzill waa : 0 J ibm 30 ermuda, . 0 b.) The Fiji Island: : 33 (c.) Temperate Zone of the South Atlantic, 1] eg eter (c.) The Sea between Australia eA New 1. Mouth of the Rio de la Plata, 5 ll 2. C £ Good H 13 Guinea, E . 36 Tae reanbesicrs tas ; : (d.) The East Indian i aiveeeey, a Bl (a) Marine Species, . 5 . 14 (b) Fresh-water Species 14 (c) Hone one, : ee ota on Be (f,) The Admiralty elnnde, . 56 Il. Toe Fiso-Fauna or THE ANTARCTIC OCEAN (g.) The Friendly and Society Islands, . 57 AND OF SHORES ABUTTING ON IT :— (h.) The Sandwich Islands, : 5 BY (a.) Kerguelen Island and Prince Edward's (i.) Japan, : . 3 . 62 Island, ; ; ; . 14| Systematic List, : : : . 74 REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 3 I. THE FISH-FAUNA OF THE SHORES OF THE ATLANTIC. A, TEMPERATE ZONE OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC. Some shore fishes were collected by the Expedition at Madeira, and at two of the Cape Verde Islands, viz., St Vincent and St Jago. The Expedition stayed at the former place from February 2 to February 6, and on July 9; at St Vincent from July 27 to August 5; and at St Jago from August 7 to August 9, 1873; and on the return voyage in 1876 at St Jago on April 16, and at St Vincent from April 18 to April 26. The species collected at these places are comparatively few in number, and none of them of special interest; so that their simple enumeration will suffice. The shore fauna of the temperate zone gradually merges into that of the tropical zone, so that, whilst the Madeira fishes are almost purely Mediterranean, those of the Cape Verde Islands show a great admixture of West Indian species. A single more northern species, obtained south of Halifax, Nova Scotia, is included in this series. Anthias sacer, Bl., Madeira. Sebastes kuhli, Bowd., Madeira. Scorpend scrofa, L., St Vincent. Rhypticus saponaceus, Bl. Schn., St Vincent. Beryx splendens, Lowe, Madeira. Dactylopterus volitans, L., St Vincent. Lnchia glauca, L., St Jago. Caranx crumenophthalmus, Bl., St Jago. Argyriosus setipinnis, Mitch., Porto Praya, St Jago. Galeoides polydactylus, Vahl., St Jago. Sphyrena vulgaris, C. V., St Jago. Mugil cephalus, Cuy., St Jago. Blennius sanguinolentus, Pall., St Vincent. Lepadogaster gouani, Barnev., St Vincent. Scarus chrysopterus, Bl., St Vincent. Hippoglossoides dentatus, Mitch., South of Nova Scotia. Station 49 ; 83 fathoms. Rhomboidichthys podas, De la Roche, St Vincent. Hemirhamphus vittatus, Val., St Jago, Balistes forcipatus, Gm., St Vincent. Monacanthus setifer, Benn., St Vincent. 4 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. B. TROPICAL ATLANTIC. 1. SuRFACE FISHES COLLECTED at St Pavt’s Rocks. The Expedition landed on these craggy rocks of the Mid-Atlantic on August 27, 1873, and the ship remained moored to the rocks till the 29th. The sea round them is described as abounding in fish, as is usual at such isolated localities. The fauna is composed of West Indian forms, with some of the species hitherto found at Ascension and St Helena; and I have thought it instructive to enumerate them separately, although evidently many more species might have been collected during a longer stay. It is not surprising that a distinct, and apparently undescribed, species of the widely spread genus Holocentrum should prove to be peculiar to this isolated locality. FHolocentrum sancti pauli, n. sp. (Pl. I. fig. A). D. H, A. 345, L. lat. 48, L. transv. 34/8. The height of the body is two-fifths of the total length (without caudal), the length of the head one-third; the interspace between the eyes is 5 in the latter (opercular spine included). The length of the snout is equal to the diameter of the eye, which is one-fourth of the length of the head; the maxillary does not reach to the vertical from the centre of the eye. Operculum, with a strong and thick triangular spine, and with denticulations beneath; preeopercular spine broad, flattened, and cleft, or bifurcate at its extremity; its length is contaimed 34 times in that of the posterior edge of the preeoperculum. ‘The third and fourth dorsal spines are the longest, a little less than half the length of the head; soft dorsal rather elevated, more than half the height of the body; caudal deeply forked, the upper lobe much longer than the lower; third anal spine very strong, one-third of the height of the body. Ventral fins about three-fourths of the length of the head, terminating at a great distance from the anus; pectoral shorter than the ventrals. Uniform red. Length of specimen 16 inches. Caranx ascensionis, Forst. Glyphidodon saxatilis, L, Cossyphus rufus, L. Platyglossus cyanostigma, C. V. Enchelycore mgricans, Bonnat. Balistes buniva, Lac. 2. SuRFACE FISHES COLLECTED AT THE ISLAND OF ASCENSION.’ On the return journey (April 1876) the Expedition remained several days at this locality, so that the naturalists succeeded in obtaining a rather interesting series of its * [Many of the fishes in this list were collected by Dr Drew, R.N., and sent home to Mr Murray after the Challenger left.—C. Wy. T.] REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 5 surface fishes, adding to its fauna several forms which had escaped the notice of previous observers; the occurrence of Blennophis webbi, so far south, is a curious fact. Ascension, like St Helena, has several fishes which hitherto have not been found elsewhere ; but their distinctive characteristics are merely specific, not generic. Carcharias obscurus, Les. Serranus vmpetiginosus, M. and T. Sargus argenteus, C. V. FTolocentrum longipinne, C. V. Lichia glauca, L. Caranz ascensionis, Forst. Blennophis webbi, Val. Antennarius multiocellatus, C. V. Glyphidodon saxatilis, L. Julis ascensionis, Q. and G., In specimens 3 inches and 4 inches in length, the sides are of very light colour, and traversed longitudinally by a dark purplish band proceeding from behind the operculum, above the pectoral fin to the root of the caudal. Dorsal with a black spot between the first three spines; the rest of the fin greenish along its basal portion, and with a blackish intramarginal band, the tips of the rays being whitish (in spirits). Anal greenish, with a bright coloured longitudinal band; caudal uniform light yellowish. In a specimen 54 inches long, there is a darker shade on the upper parts of the body, and no trace of the longitudinal band on the side ; the coloration generally is much darker, and there is a vertical dark line on most of the scales; in other respects the coloration of the four specimens is similar. Belone trachura, C. V. Murena moringa, Cuvy. Monacanthus scriptus, Osbeck, Balistes vetula, L. Balistes buniva, Lac. 3. Sr Tomas (West Inpims) AND THE Coast oF Brazit. The naturalists of the Expedition had only a few opportunities of collecting shore fishes in this part of the Tropical Atlantic, viz., at St Thomas (March 24, 1873); off Pernambuco (September 10); and Bahia (September 14). Of these localities, the sea off Pernambuco, described in the List of Stations as No. 122, yielded some interesting novelties ; the fishes were obtained by means of the trawl in depths varying from 32 6 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. to 400 fathoms, so that the exact depth could not be accurately ascertained for every species. However, as some of the species obtained on that occasion belong, or are closely allied, to well known genera of shore fishes, I have considered it safer to include these at least in the present series than to enumerate them among the deep-sea forms. Bathyanthias, n. gen. (Percide). Form of the body similar to that of Anthias. One dorsal fin with nine spines; anal with three ; caudal truncated. Teeth in villiform bands, in the jaws, on the vomer and palatine bones, without canines. Tongue smooth. Praeoperculum finely serrated, without projection. Scales of moderate size, very finely ciliated. Branchiostegals seven. Coast of Brazil. Bathyanthias roseus, n. sp. (Pl. I. fig. B). D. 3%, A. 3, L. lat. 58, L. transv. 32,. The length of the head is nearly equal to the depth of the body, and one-third of the total length (without caudal). Eye as long as the snout, and two-sevenths of the length of the head ; interorbital space flat, but much narrower than the orbit; maxillary extending to below the middle of the eye; the vomerine teeth form a triangular patch, the palatine bands beimg very narrow. Six series of scales on the cheek. Preeoperculum very finely serrated on its posterior margin and with the angle rounded ; operculum without spine. Caudal and anal fins scaly, but the soft dorsal scaleless. Dorsal spines rather feeble, the third being the longest, and about one-third of the length of the head ; pectoral fin falciform, extending to the anal, and not quite so long as the head; ventrals only half as long. The lateral line ascends rapidly from its origin towards the spinous dorsal, and runs close to the upper profile, descending again behind the dorsal to the middle of the tail. Colour, uniform rose-coloured, with two faint lighter longitudinal bands. Length of specimen 44 inches. Station 122; 30 or 350 fathoms. Centropristis annularis, n. sp. (PI. I. fig. C). D. 19, A. 3, L. lat. 60. Margin of the preeoperculum rounded, without stronger spines at the angle ; operculum with three spies. Reddish, with two incomplete black ‘rings behind the eye, with a large, saddle-shaped spot on the back of the trunk, and with some small black dots on the dorsal fin. Off Pernambuco. Length of specimen 2 inches. Station 122; 30 or 350 fathoms. Serranus apua, Bl., St Thomas. Rhypticus arenatus, C. V., Bahia. Mesoprion chrysurus, Bl., St Thomas. REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. a Hamulon chrysargyreum, Gthr., Fernando Noronha. Priacanthus, sp., Station 126. Pomacanthus paru, Bl., St Thomas. Scorpena plumeri, Bl., St Thomas. Folocentrum longipinne, C. V., St Thomas. Peristethus truncatum, n. sp. (Pl. IL. fig. A). D. +%5, A. 20, L. lat. 32. The length of the preorbital processes is contained twice and three-fourths in the distance between their extremities and the anterior margin of the orbit. Interorbital space deeply concave, with a depressed smooth groove along the middle; a minute spine on the base of each preeorbital process, but no other on the upper surface of the snout; lower jaw with numerous barbels, the longest being fringed. The pree- opercular ridge does not extend beyond the hind margin of the bone, and is not produced into a spine; also the opercular ridge terminates in a short and truncated projection. Each scute of the body with a hooked spine. Each of the bony plates between the ventral fins is not quite twice as long as broad. Rose-coloured, with small irregular brownish spots on the upper parts. Length of specimen 64 inches. Coast of Pernambuco. Station 122; 30 or 350 fathoms. Malthe vespertilio, L. Station 122; 30 or 350 fathoms. Heliastes flavicauda, n. sp. (Pl. XXX. fig. D). D. 33, A. 32, L. lat. 27, L. transv. 24/9. The height of the body is contained twice and one-third in the total length (without caudal); the diameter of the eye is a little more than one-third of the length of the head or than the width of the imterorbital space. Dorsal spines of moderate strength and nearly equal in length; the length of the second anal spine is one-half of that of the head; caudal fin emarginate, with the lobes rounded. Sky-blue (in spirits) with purple reflexions ; abdomen purplish ; end of the tail and caudal fin yellow; a deep black spot superiorly on the axil of the pectoral. Length of specimen 3 inches. Coast of Pernambuco. Station 122 ; 30 fathoms. Romboidichthys cornutus, n. sp. (Pl. IL. fig. B). D. 78, A. 62, L. lat. 48. This species differs from all the other species of the genus in having the lateral line anteriorly with a very slight obliquity only ; there is no curve. The height of the body is one-half of the total length (without caudal), the length of the head a little less than one-third. Head higher than long, with the anterior profile straight ; snout only half as long as the large eye, the diameter of which is two-fifths of the length of the head. Cleft of the mouth of moderate width ; the maxillary extending beyond the front margin of the eye, which it equals in length. Interorbital space concave, scaly, its width being one-half of the longitudinal diameter of the eye. Lower 8 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. eye a little in advance of the upper. Snout with three pointed projections in front of the upper eye (at least in the adult). None of the fin rays produced. Pectoral of the coloured side as long as the head, without snout. A series of distant large blackish spots along the basal half of the dorsal and anal fins; one or two similar spots on the basal half of the caudal, and on the terminal portion of the tail. Pectoral with two or three blackish transverse bands. In two very young specimens which appear to belong to the same species the eyes are very close together, and there are no tentacles on the snout. Length of specimen 12 to 34 inches. Coast of Brazil. Station 122; 30 or 350 fathoms. Hippocampus guttulatus, Cuv. Station 122; 30 or 350 fathoms. Hippocampus villosus, n. sp. (PI. I. fig. D). Dorsal fin with sixteen rays. Tubercles well developed, rather pointed, the most prominent provided with bundles of filaments; the whole upper surface, and especially the top of the trunk, covered with similar filaments ; supraorbital spine slightly truncated, and with its anterior portion slightly detached ; coronet of moderate height; the length of the snout is equal to the distance between the centre of the orbit and the gill-opening. Uniform light coloured. Length of specimen 24 inches. Off Bahia, in 7 to 20 fathoms. The figure represents the specimen twice its natural size. Monacanthus occidentalis, Gthr. Station 122; 30 or 350 fathoms. Ostracion quadricorms, L. Station 122; 30 or 350 fathoms. 4, BERMUDA. The marine fish fauna of Bermuda does not exhibit any peculiarity, by which it may be distinguished from that of the tropical Atlantic generally. No naturalist has paid more attention to it than Mr J. Matthew Jones, who has collected the fishes round this island for many years, and who has recently succeeded in obtaining several which hitherto had escaped observation. Mr G. Brown Goode has published (1876) a Catalogue of the Fishes of Bermuda, based chiefly upon the collections of the United States National Museum. Probably in the course of years all the species found round the West Indian Islands will be found to occur, at least occasionally, near Bermuda. In the following list those recently observed by Mr Jones are enumerated with those collected by the naturalists of the Challenger :— Carcharias obscurus. Serranus undulosus. Mustelus levis. Serranus coronatus. Aitobatis narinari. Rhypticus saponaceus. Holocentrum longipinne. Mesoprion chrysurus. REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. Apogon imberbis. Priacanthus macrophthalmus. Hemulon xanthopterumn. Hemulon macrostoma. Gerres lefroyi. Gerres gula. Gerres jonesi. Sargus capensis. Sargus argenteus. Pimelepterus bosci. Chetodon capistratus. Holacanthus tricolor. Scorpena plumieri. Caranx caballus. Carana dentex. Caranx carangus. Caranx chrysos. Lrachynotus ovatus. Trachynotus goreensis. Acanthurus chirurgus. Thynnus thunnina. Coryphena pelagica. Coryphena hippurus. Nomeus gronovii. Thyrsites prometheus. Sphyrena picuda, Mugit brasiliensis. Malacanthus plumieri. Gobius soporator. Blennius crinitus. Salarias vomerinus. Regalecus gladius. Fistularia serrata. Aulostoma coloratum. Pomacentrus rectifrenum. (ZOOL, CHALL, EXP.—PART vI,—1880.) Glyphidodon celestinus. Platyglossus bivittatus. Scarus catesbyi. Pseudoscarus psittacus. Pseudoscarus sancte crucis. Brotula barbata. Hemirhombus soleeformis. Rhomboidichthys lunatus. Saurus myops. Saurus intermedius. Saurus fatens. Fundulus bermude. Belone hians. Belone jonesi. Exocatus lineatus. Exocetus furcatus. Albula conorhynchus. Engraulis cherostomus. Clupea macrophthalma. Clupea thrissa. Ophichthys acuminatus. Myrophis punctatus. Murena miliaris. Murena maculipinnis. Murena sancte helene. Syngnathus pelagicus. Syngnathus jonesi. Diodon maculatus. Tetrodon rostratus. Tetrodon spengleri. Ostracion triqueter. Ostracion trigonus. Balistes maculatus. Monacanthus aurantiacus. F 2 10 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Gerres lefroyi, Goode, Bermuda. Diapterus lefroyi, G. Brown Goode, Am. Jour. Sc. and Arts, 1874, p. 123; Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 5, 1876, p. 39. Gerres productus, Poey, Ann. Lyc. N. York, 1876, vol. xi. p. 59; O'Shaughnessy, Zool. Rec., 1877, vol. xiii, Pisce. p. 12. Gerres jonesi, Gthr. (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1879, vol. i. pp. 150, 389). D. 3%, A. 3, L. lat. 49, L. transv. 54/10. The height of the body is two-sevenths of the total length (without caudal). Preeorbital and preeoperculum entire, the latter with the angle slightly rounded. The groove for the processes of the intermaxillaries does not extend to the vertical from the centre of the eye, is elongate, and entirely free from scales. The snout is as long as the eye, and equals the width of the interorbital space. The spines of the fins are slender, the second of the dorsal slightly exceeding half the length of the head, and being more than twice as long as the second of the anal fin, which is stoutish and shorter than the eye. Uniform silvery, from 6 to 9 inches long. Sargus capensis, Smith, Bermuda. Pimelepterus bosci, Lac., Bermuda. Caranx caballus, Gthr., Panama, Bermuda. Trachurus boops, Girard, U. S. Pac. R. R. Route, Fish., p. 108. Caranz caballus, Gthr., Zool. Trans., vol. vi. p. 431. This species is new to the West Indian fauna. Fundulus bermude, Gthr. (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1874, vol. xiv. p. 370), (Pl. XXXII. fig. B). D. 14, A. 12, L. lat. 35, L. transv. 18. The height of the body is one-fourth of the total length (without caudal), the length of the head rather less than two-sevenths. Snout short, not longer than the eye, with the lower jaw ascending and projecting beyond the upper. The width of the interorbital space is contained twice and one-third in the length of the head, the diameter of the eye four times. The origin of the dorsal fin is opposite to the sixteenth scale of the lateral line, and midway between the root of the caudal and the preopercular margin. The first anal ray corresponds to the fourth or fifth of the dorsal fin. Anal fin much higher than long. Brownish- olive, with numerous indistinct dark greenish cross bands (in the male). Of this species, of which the original specimen was sent by J. Matthew Jones, Esq., the Challenger collection contains a second. 2% inches in length. Brackish water, Bermuda. Belone jonesi, Goode (Goode, Amer. Journ., April 1879, p. 340; Gthr., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1879, vol. iii. pp. 151, 390). D. 25,A. 22. The free portion of the tail is rather depressed, somewhat broader REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 11 than deep, the lateral line terminating in a black-coloured keel. The length of the head is less than one-third of the total (without caudal); its upper surface is broad, flat, striated; frontal bones diverging behind, leaving a broad space between them which is covered by skin; this space tapers in front, and is closed between the orbits. Maxillary entirely hidden by the preorbital. Jaws and teeth strong; vomerine teeth none; tongue rough. The diameter of the eye is two-thirds of the width of the inter- orbital space, and two-fifths of the length of the postorbital portion of the head. Body stout, not much compressed. Pectoral fin as long as the postorbital portion of the head. Ventral fin midway between the root of the caudal and the eye. The middle and hinder dorsal and anal rays subequal in length, short, the last terminating at a con- siderable distance from the root of the caudal. Caudal fin deeply lobed. Scales very small, irregular, and adherent. A single specimen, 3 feet long. Syngnathus pelagicus, Osbeck. Gulf weed, South of Bermuda. C. TEMPERATE ZONE OF THE SOUTH ATLANTIC. 1. MoutH or THE Rio DE LA PLATA. The fishes of this river, as well as of the shores near its mouth, are very incom- pletely known, more so than those of the southernmost extremity of the Continent. Therefore, we may well expect considerable additions to be made by future explorers of this fauna; one-half of the species collected by the Challenger Expedition at this locality, on its homeward journey (February 25 and 26, 1876), have proved to be undescribed. Raja platana, n. sp. (Pl. HT.). Snout long, produced, pointed, the width of the interorbital space being a little more than one-third of the distance of the eye from the end of the snout. The anterior profile (from the snout to the angle of the pectoral fin) is undulated. Width of the interorbital space less than the length of the eye and spiracle together. Mouth strongly curved. Teeth pointed, in about forty-eight series in the upper jaw. Distance between the nostril and the angle of the mouth two-thirds of the inter-nasal space. The outer pectoral angle is a right one. Distance between the two dorsal fins rather more than the length of the base of the first. Bands of minute asperities along each side of the snout, and along each superciliary edge. The remainder of the upper side is smooth, with the exception of the claw-like spines on the pectoral fin which are peculiar to the male sex. A series of small spines along the median line of the tail. Lower parts with large black pores symmetrically arranged. Upper parts uniform brownish, lower whitish. 12 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Distance from the vent to the extremity of the snout, 134 inches; distance from the vent to the extremity of the tail, 11} inches; greatest width of the disk, 21 inches. A single adult specimen has been obtained. 25 inches in length. Station 321. Riode la Plata; 13 fathoms. Raja microps, nu. sp. (Pl. IV., 2 natural size). A short-snouted species. The angle formed by the margins of the snout is obtuse, and the extremity does not project. The width of the interorbital space is much more than the length of the orbit together with the spiracle, and is contained twice and two- thirds in the distance between the eye and the end of the snout. Mouth very slightly curved ; teeth obtuse, in about forty series in the upper jaw. The outer pectoral angle is rounded, but the margins would meet at a right angle. The two dorsal fins close together, separated by a spine only. Minute roughnesses on the snout, the inter- orbital space, alone the median line of the back, and along the front margin of the pectoral fin. A single spine in the middle of the back, and a series of spines along the median line of the tail. The muciferous tubes behind the head are very conspicuous, and arranged like a fan on each side of the occiput; each opens by a pore. Uniform brown above, white below. Distance of the vent from the extremity of the snout, 74+ inches; distance of the vent from the extremity of the tail, 84 inches; width of the disk, 11 inches. Length of specimen, 153 inches. The single specimen examined is a young male. Rio de la Plata. Station 321; 13 fathoms. An adult female (disk, 23 inches wide) received lately by the British Museum, from Buenos Ayres, has a single curved spine, with a broad base on each side, near the front margin, on a level with the spiracles. Ancylodon atricauda, n. sp. D. 8, A. 12. Fhe height of the body is somewhat less than the length of the head, which is one-third of the total (without caudal). Hye of moderate size, equal to the width of the interorbital space, and shorter than the snout. The maxillary does not extend to the posterior margin of the eye. Lower jaw projecting beyond the upper, the mandibular teeth being outside the upper lip. The canine teeth are comparatively . smaller than in Ancylodon jaculidens. Vertical fins scaly. The middle caudal rays prolonged into a narrow pointed lobe. Scales small, silvery, with the caudal lobe black. Length of specimen, 5 inches. Mouth of the Rio de la Plata. Station 321; 13 fathoms REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 13 Otolithus guatucupa, C. V. Station 321; 13 fathoms. Micropogon ornatus, nu. sp. (Pl. VII. fig. A). D. 9/z'5, A. 3, L. lat. 63. The height of the body is one-third of the total length (without caudal), the length of the head one-fourth. Dorsal profile very concave on the neck. Diameter of the eye two-thirds of the leneth of the snout, two-elevenths of that of the head, and rather more than one-half of the width of the interorbital space. A series of small barbels from the interoperculum to the lower lip, where they are most crowded. Preeoperculum without spines at the angle. Dorsal and anal spines very feeble. Pectoral as long as the head. There are eight or nine scales in a transverse series between the first dorsal and the lateral line. A large, round, black spot at the origin of the lateral line. Body with six alternately broad and narrow blackish cross- bands. Pectoral blackish along the middle. Length of specimen, 82 inches. Mouth of the Rio de la Plata. Station 321; 13 fathoms. Micropogon undulatus, L., Monte Video. Percophis brasilianus, Q. and G. Station 322; 21 fathoms. Prionotus punctatus, Bl. Station 322; 21 fathoms. Lemoneme longifilis, n. sp. (Pl. VIL. fig. B). D. 8, A. 45. Head, and particularly the snout, depressed ; the latter with the upper jaw much projecting, not quite twice as long as the eye, the diameter of which is nearly one-sixth of the length of the head. The head is one-fourth of the total length (with- out caudal). Cleft of the mouth rather wide, the maxillary not quite extending to the hind margin of the eye. Teeth of the jaws in villiform bands; vomer, with two groups of teeth, separated in the middle by a toothless interspace. Barbel about as long as the eye. Interorbital space wider than the eye. Operculum without spine. Scales very small. Fins naked. The first dorsal commences above the root of the pectoral, and is narrow and high, the third ray being prolonged into a long filament. The second dorsal rather high, but lower than the body. Caudal rounded. Pectoral nearly as long as the head, without snout. Ventral reduced to a bifid filament, the lower ray being much longer than the upper, almost half as long as the body. Body brownish; the dorsal filament, the outer margins of the vertical fins, and the long ventral filament black. Length of specimen, 74 inches. Mouth of the Rio de la Plata. Station 321; 13 fathoms. Aphoristia ornata, Lac. Station 321. Arius commersoni, Lac., Monte Video. Engraulis olida, Gthr. Station 321. 14 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 2. Cape oF Goop Hope. The few fishes collected at the Cape do not offer any particular interest. (a.) Marine Species. Chorisochismus dentex, Pall., Simon’s Bay. Tetrodon honcken, Bl. fOnpe of Good Hope Ges poison-fish of Simon’s Bay). Bdellostoma Sri Forst., Simon’s Bay. (b.) Fresh-water Species. Spirobranchus capensis, C.V., Rivers at Wellington and Cape Town. Barbus afer, Ptrs., Rivers at Wellington and Cape Town. Barbus, sp. (#), in bad state; River at Cape Town. II. THE FISH-FAUNA OF THE ANTARCTIC OCEAN AND OF SHORES ABUTTING ON IT. The study of the Antarctic surface fish-fauna, and its comparison with that of the Arctic Regions, is one of the most instructive portions of zoogeography. The abundance of fish-life appears to decrease in the same proportion towards both Poles. The forms peculiar to the Antarctic are analogous to those of the North; thus the Cottoids of the North are represented by the Notothenie, Chanichthys, &c., of the South, the Salmonoids by the Haplochitonide; yet there is no such relation between the representative forms as might be considered to be genetic. The resemblance is rather an external one, indicated by the general form of the body, structure and development of the fins, presence of an adi- pose fin, &c. Beside those fishes which are peculiar to the Antarctic, some other forms well developed in the North, but nearly or entirely disappearing between the Tropics, reappear, as Sebastes, Agonus, Spinaa, Mywine, differing but little from their northern congeners. The Expedition obtained the fishes belonging to this fauna at two points. A, KERGUELEN ISLAND AND PRINCE EDWARD’S ISLAND. Except a flat fish from Prince Edward’s Island, the specimens were collected on the north-eastern side of Kerguelen Island, between the 7th and 31st of January 1874. Nearly all we know of the fishes of this island is due to the Naturalists of the Antarctic Expedition under Captain Ross, and to those of the “Transit of Venus” and Challenger Expeditions. The number of species known is very small, the following three only having been described, besides those obtained on the present Expedition :— REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 15 Notothenia corviceps, Richards (Voy. “ Erebus” and “ Terror”). Notothenia purpuriceps, Richards (Voy. “ Erebus” and “ Terror”). Notothenia antarctica, Peters (Berl. MB., 1876, p. 837). Raja eaton, Gthr. (Phil. Trans., vol. clxviii. p. 166). Of this species a female has been found by the naturalists of the Challenger. It differs very little from the male found by Mr Eaton ; but, of course, the claw-like spines on the pectoral fin are absent. The lower part of the body is entirely white, that of the tail blackish. Raja murrayi, a. sp. (Pl. V.). The angle formed by the margins of the snout slightly obtuse, with the extremity somewhat projecting. The width of the interorbital space equals the length of the orbit. The distance between the outer margins of the nostrils is rather less than their distance from the extremity of the snout. Teeth pointed in both sexes, more so in the male than in the female. Outer pectoral angle obtusely rounded. A curved spine in front and behind on the superciliary edge. From four to six similar spines placed in a triangle in the middle of the back. Tail with a median series of from sixteen to eighteen spines, but with only very small ones on the sides. The spines, as far as described at present, are found in both sexes, in the old as well as in the young. In the male the greater part of the upper side of the body is smooth, with the usual patch of recurved spines near the pectoral angle. In the female the whole of the upper surface is covered with scattered small stellate asperities, which, in young specimens, are still more numerous than in the old. The caudal series of spines is, in the young, generally continued forward to the dorsal spmes. Upper parts brown, with rounded darker and lighter spots. A large yel- lowish ocellus edged with blackish on each side of the back of the male. Two adults (male and female) and three young specimens were collected. The former are 174 inches long, the tail measuring 9 inches. The greatest width of the disk is 11 inches. Kerguelen Island. Zanclorhynchus, n. gen. (Scorpeenidee). Body compressed, oblong, without scales, covered with minute asperities. Bones of the head armed with spines; preorbital not armed. Snout pointed; mouth very pro- tractile, lateral, narrow, toothless. Two dorsal fins. Ventral far behind the pectoral, the pubic bones being much prolonged. Gill-opening reduced to a narrow slit above the root of the pectoral. Zanclorhynchus spinifer, n. sp. (Pl. VIII. fig. A). D. %, A. 10, P. 9, V. 3. The height of the body is somewhat less than the leneth of 16 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. the head, which is one-third of the total (without caudal). A great part of the surface of the head is bony. Spines are developed, (1) above the nostril, (2) above the hinder half of the eye, (3) above the preeoperculum, (4) on the suprascapula, (5) below the hinder half of the orbit, (6) on the humerus, above the base of the pectoral. Of these spines the second, fourth, and fifth are the strongest. Lye large, two-sevenths of the head, and rather shorter than the snout. The dorsal fin commences on the neck with a short spine. All its spines are strong, the third being the longest, as high as the body. The soft dorsal is well separated from, and lower than, the spinous. Caudal subtruncated. Pectoral with narrow base, some- what shorter than the head. Ventral inserted midway between the vent and root of the pectoral, extending beyond the vent, and with the spine two-thirds as long as the longest ray. All the soft rays of the fins are simple. Body and vertical fins yellowish, broadly marbled with black. Length of specimen, 35 inches. Kerguelen Island (in trawl). Chenichthys rhinoceratus, Rich., Kerguelen. Notothenia cyaneobrancha, Richards (Voy. “ Erebus” and “Terror,” Fish., p. 7, pl. iv. ; Gthr., Fish., vol. ii. p. 261). Obtained by dredge. Notothenia mizops, n. sp. (Pl. VIII. fig. D). D, 4-5/35, A. 34, L. lat. 60. The length of the head is one-fourth of the total (without caudal) ; the height of the body two-ninths. The crown of the head is covered with minute scales to between the eyes, the snout and preorbital being scaleless. Hye large, one-third of the length of the head in young specimens, and two-sevenths in adults. Interorbital space extremely narrow; operculum with a short spine behind. Ventral long, extending sometimes as far back as the fourth anal ray. Body with two series of large irregular partly confluent blackish spots; cheek with two oblique streaks. First dorsal with a black spot. Vertical fins with bands of blackish dots, oblique on the dorsal and anal, and transverse on the caudal. his species is distinguished from all its congeners from Kerguelen Island by having an eye of the same large size as Notothenia squamifrons. Length of specimens, 14 to 6 inches. Off Christmas Harbour, and Howes Foreland; 120 fathoms. Notothenia squanufrons, n. sp. (Pl. VIII. fig. C). D. 5/35, A. 32, L. lat. 70. The length of the head is two-sevenths of the total (without caudal) ; the height of the body two-ninths. The upper surface of the head to the foremost part of the snout and the preeorbital are entirely covered with scales, but in the smaller specimen the scales on the preorbital are less distinct than in the adult. Eye large, two-sevenths of the length of the head ; interorbital space flat, scaly, rather narrow, REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 117/ one-half of the vertical diameter of the eye. Ventral long, extending to the third or fourth anal ray. Body with irregular broad brown transverse bands; cheek with two oblique streaks. First dorsal nearly entirely black; caudal immaculate. This species is dis- tinguished from Notothenia tessellata by the much greater size of its eye. Length of specimens, 4 to 6 inches. Kerguelen Island. Obtained by the dredge. Notothena acuta, n. sp. D. 6/31, A. 30, L. lat. ca. 75. Head low, elongate, with pointed snout, its length being two-sevenths of the total (without caudal) ; the height of the body one-sixth. Head covered above with small scales nearly to the nostrils, the snout and preorbital being scaleless. Eye large, two-sevenths of the length of the head ; interorbital space extremely narrow. Ventral extending to vent. Head and body marbled with blackish; cheek without streaks. Dorsal rays with blackish dots; caudal with cross-bands of blackish spots; anal white. Length of specimen, 23 inches. Kerguelen Island. Obtained in trawl. Notothenia marionensis, n. sp. D. 7/29, A. 25, L. lat. 50. Head rather low, with pointed snout, its length being two-sevenths of the total (without caudal) ; the height of the body is two-elevenths of the same. Scales strongly ctenoid. Head covered above with small scales nearly to the nostrils; the snout, the preeorbital, and the lower half of the cheek and operculum being naked. Eye of moderate size, equal to the length of the snout, and a little more than one-fourth of the length of the head; interorbital space narrow. Ventral not extending to the vent; pectoral reaching the third or fourth anal ray. Upper parts greenish, with subtessellated blackish spots along the side of the body; fins indistinctly dotted with greyish, a blackish spot at the base of the upper pectoral rays. Length of speci- men, 34 inches. Marion Island; 50 to 75 fathoms. Harpagifer bispinis, Forst. Off Marion Island; 50 to 75 fathoms. This species occurs also at Kerguelen Island, Cape Horn, and Falkland Islands. Murenolepis, n. gen. (Gadidee). Body compressed, elongate, covered with epidermoid productions which are lanceolate, intersecting each other at right angles, like those of a fresh-water eel. Vertical fins confluent, no caudal fin being discernible ; an anterior dorsal fin is represented by a single filamentous ray ; ventral fins narrow, composed of several rays. A barbel. Jaws with a band of villiform teeth; palate toothless. Gill-openings rather narrow, extending from the lower part of the root of the pectoral round the isthmus, the gill-membranes (ZOOL. CHALL. EXP,—PART vI.—1880,) F 3 18 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.8. CHALLENGER. being confluent and not attached to the isthmus. Gills four. Air-bladder in the posterior half of the abdominal cavity, with a pneumatic duct, with rather stiff walls, and glandular internal surface. Peritoneum deep black. Kerguelen Island. Murenolepis marmoratus, n. sp. (Pl. VIII. fig. B). Body compressed, its height equals the length of the head, and is contained five and a half to five and three-quarter times in the total length. Head compressed like the body, higher than broad, its greatest width being three-fifths of its length. Interorbital space slightly convex, equal in width to the diameter of the eye, which is rather less than one-fourth of the length of the head. Snout obtuse, rounded, as long as the eye, the upper jaw overlapping the lower. Cleft of the mouth rather oblique, the maxillary extending to the vertical from the centre of the eye. Barbel shorter than the eye. No teeth on the vomer. Nostrils immediately before the eye. Operculum rounded, without point. Branchiostegals five, the second with a process anteriorly at its root, directed downwards. Dorsal filament as long as the eye. Vertical fins continuous, of uniform height, and enveloped in a membrane on to which the epidermoid productions extend ; the dorsal filament is just above the root of the pectoral, immediately before the commencement of the fin. Pectoral rounded, longer than the postorbital portion of the head. Ventral fins narrow, composed of five rays, the two outer ones much the thickest, and produced into filaments, the second ray being the longest, and about two-thirds the length of the head. The distance of the vent from the head exceeds the length of the latter. Reddish, finely marbled with brown; fins of a lighter colour and with a trans- parent margin. Length of specimen, 34 and 6 inches. Lepidopsetta, n. gen. (Pleuronectide). Mouth rather narrow ; jaws and dentition very feeble, but nearly equally developed on both sides. Eyes well developed, on the left side, the lower somewhat in advance of the upper. The dorsal fin commences in front of the eye. Pectorals none, or quite rudi- mentary. Lateral line single, straight. Scales very small. The entire head, and even the eyelids, are covered with minute scales. Lepidopsetta maculata, n. sp. (Pl. XXX. fig. C). D. 118, A. 98. The height of the body is contained twice and one-sixth in the total length (without caudal), the length of the head thrice and two-thirds. The eyes are large, one-third of the length of the head. The feeble maxillary extends to below the front margin of the eye. Teeth minute, apparently in a single series. Scales strongly ctenoid on both sides of the body. All the fin-rays are scaly. Dorsal and anal fins low. Pectoral entirely absent on the blind side, and represented by a small rudi- REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 19 ment only on the coloured; ventrals separate from each other and from the anal fin. Brown, body and fins covered with rounded irregular darker spots. Length of specimen, 54 inches. Off Prince Edward’s Island. Station 145; 310 fathoms. B. MAGELLAN STRAITS AND FALKLAND ISLANDS. The Fish-Fauna of Magellan Straits, to which must be joined that of the Falkland Islands and of the littoral archipelago on the western side of the extremity of the South American continent, bears a thoroughly antarctic character, closely resembling that of Kerguelen Island. Although it has been well worked as lately as the year 1867 by Dr R. O. Cunningham in his “Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan,” it is still very far from being completely known, as may be seen from the large proportion of novel forms discovered by the Naturalists of the Challenger Expedi- tion, who dredged at thirteen stations (Stations 304 to 316), Ipebreae December 31, 1875, and February 3, 1876. Scyllium chilense, Guich. Having examined some specimens preserved in spirits in the Challenger collection, I am able to correct two errors in my former description, which was drawn up from dried specimens. The nasal valve is provided with a cirrus which, however, does not extend to the lip; and the teeth of the lower jaw have more or less distinct lateral cusps. Gray’s Harbour, Messier Channel. Spinax granulosus, n. sp. (Pl. II. fig. C). This species is distinguished especially by the structure of its skin, which is finely granulated, the granules being. serially arranged on the tail, where they appear rather in the form of minute spinelets than in that of granules. The space between the nostrils and the median line of the lower side of the snout, the circumference of the mouth, the base of the fins, and the back of the tail, are naked. The snout is much produced, the symphysis of the lower jaw being midway between the end of the ‘snout and the root of the pectoral; snout very obtuse in front, with the front nostril opening forward. The first dorsal fin shorter than the second, midway between the second and the spiracle. Second dorsal spine three times the size of the first, not much lower than the fin. The length of the base of the second dorsal is one-third of the distance between the two fins. Pectoral truncated behind, extending backwards nearly to the first dorsal. Ventral extending to below the middle of the second dorsal. Black; hind margins of all the fins white. South-west coast of South America. Length of specimen (male), 104 inches. Station 305; 120 fathoms. 20 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Raja brachyura, nu. sp. (Pl. VI). A short-snouted species. The angle formed by the margins of the snout is slightly obtuse, and the extremity does not project. The width of the interorbital space is more than the length of the orbit together with the spiracle, and but little less than one-half of the distance between the eye and the end of the snout. Mouth nearly transverse. Teeth pointed, in about thirty-five series in the upper jaw. Tail remarkably short and stout. The outer pectoral angle is rounded, and the margins would meet at an obtuse angle. The two dorsal fins are very close together. The upper part of the head and of the pectoral, and the back are covered with minute spines. A series of conical spines alone the median line of the back and tail, the spines on the back being smaller and less con- stant than those on the tail. Brown, marbled with darker and lighter. Male. Female. Distance of the vent from the extremity of the snout,. 143 inches. 18 inches. Distance of the vent from the extremity of the tail, . 122 4,,... 144 |, Width of the disk, . 5 : ; : é : nleP euategsbicu PAU) Te tay Total Length, . ; ; : ; ; ; : QE Ot ee aoe ty ee Magellan Straits and west of them. Station 313; 55 fathoms. Station 314; 70 fathoms. Psammobatis rudis, Gthr. (Pl. X.). (1) Raja scobina, Phil. Wiegm. Arch., 1857, p. 270. : This species, described by me from a very young example, attains a much more con- siderable size, a male, 114 inches long, being still far from being mature. With age the disk ceases to be as perfectly circular as is observed in young specimens, its anterior margins becoming more rectilinear. A very short and thin rostral appendage in front of the disk is present in all examples. Beside the median series of small thorns on the tail of very young examples, there are developed two other similar series on each side of the back of examples more advanced in age, and they are continued along each side of the tail, which thus is armed with a triple series. The tail of the larger specimens shows a distinct terminal fin, which, however, is small and confluent with the second dorsal. Beside the dark spots, white spots are more or less numerous on the disk and upper parts of the ventrals; they are more numerous in very young than in older examples. Figures A and B represent our largest male, and C the typical specimen of the natural size. Length of specimens 384 to 114 inches. Off Cape Virgins. Station 318; 55 fathoms. Sebastes oculatus, C. V. Station 306; 345 fathoms. Station 807; 147 fathoms. Porto Bueno. REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 21 Agonus chiloensis, Jen., Port Famine ; 10 to 15 fathoms. Aphritis gobio, Gthr. (Pl. IX.). Dr Cunningham has already had the opportunity of examining fresh examples (Trans. Linn. Soe., vol. xxvii. p. 469), and supplemented my original description (Ann. and Mag. _ Nat. Hist., 1861, vol. vii. p. 88), which was drawn up from dry skins. In the large, beauti- fully-preserved specimens collected by him and the naturalists of the Challenger, there is especially noticeable the great height of the dorsal fins, which exceeds that of the body. A short stout tentacle, which is often fringed, occupies the supero-posterior angle of the orbit, and other smaller tentacles are arranged in a series along the lower part of the side of the trunk and tail. Dr Cunningham states the colours, when fresh, to be—above, dusky brown; sides paler, blotched with brown and orange-yellow; under surface of head, breast, and belly orange-yellow. Length of specimens, 6 to 184 inches. Porto Bueno Station 307; 147 fathoms. Tom Bay, Messier Channel. Port Famine, Station 312; 10 to 15 fathoms. Eleginus maclovinus, C. V. Gray Harbour, Messier Channel. Port Stanley. Notothenia longipes, Steindachner (Wien. S. B., 1876, vol. lxxii. p. 70, fig. 7). The following specimens agree well with the description and figure given by Stein- dachner, but I count from 67 to 70 scales along the lateral line :—Length of specimens 3 to 7 inches. Station 306, Messier Channel; 345 fathoms. Station 312, Port Famine ; 10 to 15 fathoms. Station 313, off Cape Virgins; 55 fathoms. Notothenia elegans, n. sp. (Pl. XI. fig. C). D. 6/33, A. 31, L. lat. 53. The length of the head is one-fourth of the total (without caudal), the height of the body one-seventh. The entire head is scaleless. Snout shorter than the eye, which is two-sevenths of the length of the head; interorbital space very narrow. Ventrals rather longer than the pectorals, and as long as the head, without snout, extending to the second anal ray. There are only two series of scales between the lateral lime and the dorsal fin. Light brownish, with large transverse dark spots; the second dorsal with four series of small blackish spots; the first dorsal with the top salmon coloured ; the other fins without distinct ornamentation. Length of specimen, 3% inches. Off Cape Virgins; 55 fathoms. LIycodes macrops, n. sp. (Pl. XI. fig. B). The length of the head is a little more than that of the trunk and a little less than one-fifth of the total. Eyes large, two-sevenths of the length of the head, and longer than the snout which is broad, with the upper jaw overlapping the lower. Teeth in bands of 22 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. moderate width, subequal in size; a small patch of teeth on the vomer and a few teeth anteriorly on the palatine bones. More or less shallow grooves along the infraorbital and the mandible. Gill-opening of moderate width. The dorsal commences above the posterior portion of the pectoral; length of the pectoral one-half of that of the head ; each ventral reduced to a short simple filament. Yellowish, with nine broad dark brown bands across the upper half of the fish, separated from one another by very narrow inter- spaces of the ground colour. The cross-bars are lighter in the centre, subocellated, and extend on to the dorsal fin. A brown band runs from the snout through the eye to the end of the operculum; throat and abdomen blackish. Length of specimen, 5 inches. Station 309; 40 to 140 fathoms. Merluccius gayi, Guich. Merlus gayi, Guichen. in Gay, Chile, vol. ii. p. 328; Ichth., lam. 8, fig. 2 Merluccius gayi, Gthr., Fish., p. 346, Merluccius australis, Hutton. D. 10/43-44, A. 43. New Zealand, Coast of Chile to Straits of Magellan. Gray Harbour, Messier Channel. Macruronus nove-zealandie, Hect. Coryphenoides nove-zealandie, Hect., Trans. N. Z. Inst., vol. iii. p. 136, pl. xviii. fig. 1. Maceruronus novee-zealandice, Gthr., Zool. Record, vol. viii. p. 103; Hutton, Fish. New Zealand, ite (SY, This species was hitherto known from New Zealand and Tasmania ; its reappearance at the southern extremity of the American continent, phereione is quite what may have been expected. Tom Bay, Messier Channel. Thysanopsetta, n. gen. (Pleuronectidee). Body oblong; head small; cleft of the mouth of moderate width, the length of the maxillary being more than one-third of that of the head. Dentition nearly equally developed on both sides ; teeth villiform, in bands; palatine and vomerine teeth none. Dorsal fin commencing above the front margin of the eye. LHyes on the left side, the upper but little in advance of the lower, both separated from each other by a narrow, flat, scaly interspace. Margin of the gill-opening of the coloured side fringed. Scales small, adherent, ctenoid, more distinctly so on the coloured side than on the blind. Lateral line straight. Straits of Magellan. Thysanopsetta naresi, n. sp. (Pl. XI. fig. A). D. 87, A. 59. The height of the body is two-fifths of the total length (without caudal), the length of the head one-fifth ; snout rather shorter than the eye, the diameter REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 23 of which is two-sevenths of the length of the head ; mouth oblique, the maxillary of the left side not quite extending to below the middle of the eye. The dorsal fin terminates at a short distance from the caudal, the rays being rather short. Caudal rounded. The left pectoral is scarcely longer than the right, and as long as the postorbital portion of the head; the left ventral is opposite to the right; a conspicuous fleshy lobe behind the left ventral, opposite to the commencement of the anal. Brown, indistinctly mottled with darker, all the rays of the vertical fins finely dotted with brown. Length of speci- mens, 6 and 7 inches. Off Cape Virgins; 55 fathoms. Huplochiton zebra, Jen., Stream at Gray Harbour, Messier Channel. Lake at Porto Bueno. Port Stanley, Falkland Islands. Myzxine australis, Jen., Grapler Harbour, Messier Channel. Port Chirrucha, Straits of Magellan. Ill. THE FISH FAUNA OF THE TEMPERATE ZONE OF THE SOUTH PACIFIC. A, VALPARAISO AND JUAN FERNANDEZ. During the month (November to December, 1875) the Challenger stayed at these localities, several undescribed shore fishes were obtained. The fishes of Juan Fernandez have scarcely been touched, and those known are chiefly such as are caught for food. Dr Steindachner has recently described several in a paper which will be quoted hereafter. The fauna of Chile and Juan Fernandez might be described, without much exaggeration, as a mixture of European and New Zealand forms; of the fishes mentioned here two being identical with, and four representative of, European species. Acanthias blainvilli, Risso. This common species of the Mediterranean seems to be widely spread in the temperate seas of the Southern Hemisphere. The British Museum possesses specimens from the Cape of Good Hope, Tasmania, and New Holland. Specimens from Juan Fernandez have been noticed as Squalus fernandinus in Molina (Hist. Chile, p. 194), and as Spinawx fernandexianus in Gay’s Chile (Zool., vol. ii. p. 365) ; Dr Steindachner has described it as Acanthias fernandinus in Wien. 8. B., 1875, vol. lxxi. p. 466. The distinctive characters given by the latter author are, in my opinion, quite insufficient for the specific discrimination of the Juan Fernandez specimens. Female with foetus, preserved in salt. Juan Fernandez. 24 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Polyprion kneri, Steindachner (Wien. 8. B., 1875, vol. lxxi. p. 443). D. 10 #;, A. 3. The height of the body is contained four and a half, the length of the head nearly three times in the total length. Snout pointed, the lower jaw proj ecting beyond the upper; head entirely covered with scales, with the exception of the lips which are naked. Intermaxillary band of teeth broader than that of the lower jaw, and interrupted in the middle. An oval patch of villiform teeth on the tongue. Operculum with two points, the lower of which is the termination of the straight, moderately raised, and smooth opereular ridge. A median rough bony ridge on the hinder part of the head superiorly. Dorsal spines moderately strong, shorter than the rays, the eighth the longest. Caudal emarginate. Scales small. Juan Fernandez. Length of speci- men, 24 inches. Scorpena thomson, n. sp. (Pl. XIL). D. 11 3, A. 3, P. 16, L. lat. 42. The height of the body is contained twice and two-thirds in the total length (without caudal), the length of the head, twice and a half. Head nearly entirely naked ; interorbital space very concave and narrow, the two ridges at its bottom being slightly prominent, divergent behind, and passing into the anterior nuchal spines; nuchal fossa shallow, square; supraorbital tentacles moderately developed; spines of the head strong and compressed. ‘The third and fourth dorsal spines are the longest, and nearly as long as the second of the anal, about two-fifths of the length of the head. A band of palatine teeth. Reddish, marbled with darker; all the fins light coloured, scantily spotted. Length of specimen, 103 inches. Juan Fernandez. Haplodactylus punctatus, C. V., Valparaiso. Chilodactylus monodactylus, Carmich., Juan Fernandez. Thyrsites atun, Euphrasen., Valparaiso. Trachurus trachurus, L., Valparaiso. Caranx georgianus, C. V., Juan Fernandez: Caranex chilensis, Gay ; Steindachner, Wien. 8. B., 1875, vol. lxxi. p. 459. Latilus jugularis, C. V., Valparaiso. Trigla picta, n. sp. (Pl. XIII. fig. A). D. 7/11, A. 12. Scales exceedingly small. Preeorbital spines short, only half as long as the eye; humeral spines extremely long and strong, as long as the eye ; preeopercular spines rudimentary, the others of medium size. Interorbital space concave, equal in width to the diameter of the eye. Dorsal spines strong, of moderate length ; the pectoral reaches to the seventh anal ray. Lateral line not spiny. The whole body (with the REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 25 exception of the abdomen) and all the fins with deep black round drops. Length of specimen, 10? inches. Juan Fernandez. Umbrina reedi, n. sp. (Pl. XIII. fig. B). D. 9/s;, A. 3, L. lat., 60 ca. The height of the body is one-third of the total leneth (without caudal), and somewhat more than the length of the head; the diameter of the eye is two-thirds of the length of the snout, which equals the width of the interorbital space which is very convex; the intermaxillary extends beyond the middle of the orbit ; barbel very short. Dorsal spines rather strong; anal spine very strong, one-third of the length of the head. The pectoral fin does not extend to the vent, and is two-thirds the leneth of the head. Scales very thin, covered with minute scales on the base. Undu- lated black lines follow the series of the scales ; pectoral, ventral, and anal blackish, with broad whitish margin. The skin of a specimen, 23 inches lone, from Juan Fernandez, was presented to the British Museum some years ago by Edwin C. Reed, Esq. It agrees in every respect with the following specimen from the same locality. Length of specimen, 203 inches. Juan Fernandez. Porichthys porosus, C. V., Valparaiso. Clinus microcirrhis, C. V., Valparaiso. Atherinichthys brevianalis, n. sp. D. 6/11, A. 15, L. lat. 67, L. transv. 16. The origin of the anterior dorsal fin is opposite to the middle or posterior third of the ventral fins, and nearer to the base of the caudal than to the end of the snout. The distance between the origins of the two dorsal fins is less than one-half of that between the origin of the posterior and the caudal. The height of the body is somewhat less than one-fifth of the total length (without caudal), the length of the head one-fourth. Scales with two or three incisions. Pectoral shorter than the head. The silvery streak occupies the eighth series of scales and a part of the adjoining cne. Length of specimen, 5 inches. Valparaiso. Genypterus chilensis, Guich., Valparaiso. Merluccius gayi, Guich., Valparaiso. Clupea sagax, Jen., Valparaiso. Ophichthys dicellurus, Rich., Valparaiso. Murena porphyrea, Guich., Juan Fernandez. Murenophis porphyreus, Guichen. in Gay, Chile, Zool., p. 342, lam. xi. fig. 2. Murena porphyrea, Steindachner, Wien. S. B., 1875, vol. xxi. p. 464. Bdellostoma polytrema, Girard, Valparaiso. Fourteen gill-openings on each side. (ZOOL. CHALL. EXP.—PaRrvT v1.—1880.) F 4 26 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S8. CHALLENGER. B. NEW ZEALAND. During the short stay of the Challenger in New Zealand (June 28 to July 7), only a few shore fishes were collected, and these do not add to our knowledge of its fauna, which has been so well worked out by the indefatigable resident naturalists of that colony. Some of the species, like Halargyreus johnson, Coryphenoides denticulatus, and Photichthys argenteus, might be assigned to the deep-sea series; but they seem to frequently approach the surface, as we may judge from their being so often included in collections of shore fishes. Sebastes percoides, Rich., Port Hardy, D’Urville Island. Scorpena cruenta, Sol. (dry), New Zealand. Trachichthys intermedius, Hector (Trans. N. Z. Inst., vol. vii. p. 245, pl. xi). Station 166 ; 275 fathoms. Chilodactylus macropterus, Forst., Port Hardy, D’Urville Island. Cyttus abbreviatus, Hect. Station 166 ; 275 fathoms. Platystethus abbreviatus, Hector, Trans. N. Z. Inst., vol. vu. p. 247, pl. xi. Percis colias, Forst. (= P. nyctomerus, C. V.), Wellington Harbour; Port Hardy D’Urville Island. Hemerocetes acanthorhynchus, Forst., Wellington Harbour. Notacanthus sexspinis, Rich. (dry), Cook’s Straits. Labrichthys celidota, Forst. (See Gthr., Ann. and Mag. Nat.° Hist., 1876, vol. xvii. p. 398), Wellineton Harbour. Labrichthys bothryocosmus, Rich., Port Hardy, D’Urville Island. Halargyreus johnson, Gthr. (dry), New Zealand. Pseudophycis bacchus, Forst., Port Hardy, D’Urville Island. Coryphanoides denticulatus, Rich. (dry), Cook’s Straits. Pseudorhombus boops, Hect. (Trans. New Zealand Inst., vol. vii. p. 249, pl. xi.). D. 117, A. 89, L. lat. 78. The dorsal commences above the nostrils. The height of the body is two-fifths of the total length (without caudal), the length of the head nearly one-fourth. Scales ciliated ; those on the head and on the anterior part of the body smaller than those on the tail. Interorbital ridge very narrow and naked. No spines or tubercles along the lateral line or the base of the fins. The curve of the lateral line is strong, but flat above. Snout rather shorter than the eye, the diameter of which is two-sevenths of the length of the head. Lower jaw scarcely prominent when the mouth is shut. The maxillary extends beyond the front margin of the eye and is two-fifths of the length of the head. Lower eye considerably in advance of the upper. Vertical fins REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 27 of moderate height, extending nearly to the root of the caudal. Left pectoral more developed than the right and rather more than one-half of the length of the head. Brownish ; fin-rays indistinctly punctulated with brown. New Zealand. Length of specimens, 6 inches. Station 167 ; 150 fathoms. Photichthys argenteus, Hutt. (dry), Cook’s Straits. Monacanthus convexirostris, Gthr., Queen Charlotte Sound. Bdellostoma cirrhatum, Forst., Queen Charlotte Sound. C. COASTS OF SOUTHERN AUSTRALIA. The fishes were collected principally at two places: close to Twofold Bay and at Sydney, at which place the ship remained from April 6 to June 8, 1874.1 Raja nitida, n. sp. (Pl. XIV. fig. A). The angle formed by the front margins of the snout is obtuse, with a very thin median papillary projection. The width of the interorbital space is a little less than the length of the orbit, and the distance between the outer margins of the nostrils is likewise less than their distance from the extremity of the snout. Teeth with very small points, almost obtuse. Outer pectoral margin obtusely rounded, the greatest width of the disk being equal to the distance of the snout from the extremity of the ventral. All the upper parts covered with minute asperities; one or two curved spines in front and behind the orbit ; one in the middle of the back, and a series along the median line of the tail. Upper parts ight brownish, marbled with dark brown, the dark brown blotches being ornamented by small, round yellowish ocelli. The single young specimen is a male ; it is 8 inches long, the tail being 43 inches; greatest width 5 inches. Off Twofold Bay ; 120 fathoms (?). Etelis, sp. Partly from the want of a larger series of examples, partly from the indifferent state of preservation of the two very young examples obtained near Twofold Bay, I am unable to say whether the latter are the young of Etelis carbunculus or of a distinct species. These fishes evidently inhabit not inconsiderable depths. Length of specimens, 24 inches, Off Twofold Bay ; 120 fathoms (?). Enoplosus armatus, White, Botany Bay. Chetodon nesogallicus, C. V., Botany Bay. } (Off Twofold Bay a sounding was taken in 2200 fathoms. The ship then moved in towards the shore ; the dredze was put over and we sounded again in 120 fathoms. As, in this instance, the dredge was dragged for a considerable distance up an irregular slope, it is impossible to say at what depth each particular species was taken.—C. Wy. T.] 28 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Sebastes percoides, Rich., Twofold Bay ; 120 fathoms (?). Port Jackson ; 30 fathoms. Scorpena cruenta, Sol., Twofold Bay ; 120 fathoms (?). Centropogon australis, White, Port Jackson. Lepidotrigla phalena, C. V., Victoria; 38 fathoms. Bass Straits; 38 fathoms. Percis allporti, Gthr. (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1876, vol. xvii. p. 394), Bass Straits ; 38 fathoms. Twofold Bay; 120 fathoms (?). Gobius brevifilis, Day, Port Jackson. Gobius albopunctatus, C. V., Port Jackson. Callionymus calauropomus, Rich., Bass Straits; 38 fathoms. Callionymus phasis, n. sp. (Pl. XV. fig. C). D. 4/9, A. 7, C. 10. Preeopercular spine considerably shorter than the eye, terminating in three curved spines, of which the two anterior are the larger, and directed upwards. Dorsal spines prolonged ; second dorsal high; caudal long; the ventral fin extends somewhat beyond the origin of the anal. Gill-opening reduced to a small foramen on the upper side of the neck ; lateral line single. The length of the head is one-third of the total length without caudal, or one-fourth with that fin. Hye very large, a little longer than the snout, one-third of the length of the head. Reddish-white with irregular broad blackish cross-bands on the back ; first dorsal blackish, with some whitish zig-zag lines; second variegated with greyish; the other fins white. Length of specimen, 4 inches. Twofold Bay ; 120 fathoms (7). Callionymus lunatus, Schleg., Port Jackson ; 6 to 8 fathoms. Blennius tasmanianus, Rich., Port Jackson. : Brachionichthys hirsutus, Lac. D 1/2/16, A. 9. Off Twofold Bay ; 120 fathoms (?). Tripterygium, sp., Port Jackson. Pseudophycis bacchus, Forst., Twofold Bay. Gadus bacchus, Forst., Descr. Anim., p. 120. Lota breviuscula, Rich., Voy. “ Erebus” and “ Terror,” Fish., p. 61, pl. xxxviii, fig. 1. Pseudophycis breviusculus, Gthy., Fish., vol. iv. p. 350. Lophonectes, n. gen. Body oblong, head small, cleft of the mouth very narrow, with the jaws and dentition nearly equally developed on both sides; teeth small, in single series; palatine and vomerine teeth none. Dorsal fin commencing above the nostrils, with the anterior rays produced. Scales of moderate size, thin, and deciduous. Lateral line with a strong curve anteriorly. Eyes on the left side. Bass Straits. Off Port Jackson. REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 29 Lophonectes gallus, n. sp. (Pl. XV. fig. B). D. 87, A. 71, L. lat. 68. The height of the body is two-fifths of the total length (without caudal), the length of the head two-ninths; the snout is short, shorter than the eye, the diameter of which is a little less than one-fourth of the length of the head. yes separated by a very narrow ridge, the lower somewhat in advance of the upper, the upper not encroaching upon the upper profile. The mouth is obliquely directed upwards ; the maxillary extending to the front margin of the eye and equalling it in length. Adult males with pointed tubercles on the snout; two on the sides, and one at the mandibular symphysis. The dorsal fin commences opposite the anterior nostril, and is continued to nearly the root of the caudal. In the adult the five anterior rays are pro- longed into more or less long filaments. Left pectoral longer than the right, or as long as the head without snout. Ventrals separate: the rays of the left are arranged in the same line as the anal, the right ventral being shorter. The curve of the lateral line is sub-semicircular and short. Brownish, marbled with darker. Vertical fins irregularly and finely dotted with black. Ventrals with a black spot. Length of specimens, 24 to 5$ inches. Station 162; 38 fathoms. Off Port Jackson ; 30 fathoms. Lops, n. gen. Body oblong ; head small; cleft of the mouth very narrow, with the dentition much more developed on the blind side than on the coloured. Teeth villiform, in narrow bands ; palatine and vomerine teeth none. Dorsal fin commencing above the front margin of the eye. Scales small, thin, deciduous. Eyes on the left side. This genus appears to repre- sent Plewronectes in the.Southern Hemisphere. Arafura Sea. South-Eastern Australia. Leops parviceps, n. sp. (Pl. XV. fig. A). D. 104, A. 86. The height of the body is contained twice and two-thirds in the total length (without caudal), the length of the head five times and one-third. ‘The snout is very short. The eye rather large; its diameter being contained thrice and one-third in the leneth of the head. A very narrow ridge, longitudinally grooved, separates the two eyes, the lower being conspicuously in advance of the upper. The mouth is directed upwards, and the maxillary of the left side extends scarcely to below the anterior margin of the eye. The dorsal fin commences opposite to the front margin of the upper eye and is continued to the root of the caudal, the rays being of moderate length. Caudal rounded. The left pectoral rather longer than the right and as long as the postorbital portion of the head. The rays of the left ventral are arranged in the same line as the anal, the right ventral being entirely on the right side. The lateral line makes a very short semicircular curve anteriorly, and is straight for the remainder of its course. The colour appears to have been uniform brown. Arafura Sea. South-Eastern Australia. 30) THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Length of specimens, 22 to 5$ inches. Station 190; 35 to 49 fathoms Station 163, off Twofold Bay ; 120 fathoms (?). Ciridoglanis megastoma, Rich., Port Jackson. (?) Murenichthys gymnotus, Blkr., Port Jackson. Syngnathus superciliaris, n. sp. D. 23. Osseous rings 20+38. Snout as long as the postorbital part of the head, with a median ridge above, terminating on the interorbital space ; neck compressed into a trenchant ridge ; operculum without a keel, and with fine radiating striz. Shields with- out spines; lateral line passing into the lower caudal edge; base of the dorsal fin not elevated, standing on three body and three caudal rings. ‘Tail twice as long as the trunk. A very conspicuous filament above each eye. Pectoral and caudal fins well developed. Brownish-grey, with indistinct darker cross-bands, and finely marbled with darker and lighter spots; snout and lower half of the head with oblique vermiculated brown lines. Length of specimens, 3 to 62 inches. Port Jackson; 4 to 6 fathoms. Urocampus celorhynchus, Gthr., Port Jackson. Solenognathus fasciatus, n. sp. (Pl. XIV. fig. B). D, 41. Osseous rings 27 +55. ‘This species is most closely allied to Solenognathus spinosissimus, having the same rough and spiny scutes, but the forehead is somewhat broader, the dorsal longer and composed of more numerous rays, and the back of the trunk ornamented with seven narrow blackish cross-bars. Also the preeanal region is blackish. Length of specimen, 12 inches. Off Twofold Bay; 120 fathoms. (Tail, 54 inches long.) Ostracion cornutus, L., Botany Bay. IV. THE FISH-FAUNA OF THE TROPICAL ZONE OF THE INDO-PACIFIC. A, FISHES FROM THE RIVER MARY, QUEENSLAND. Geographically only a portion of Queensland belongs to the Tropics; but among its fishes so thoroughly a tropical character predominates, that no one will associate them with the fauna of the more southern temperate parts. This refers to the fresh-water fishes as well as to those inhabiting its coasts. The Challenger did not touch in REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 31 Southern and Middle Queensland, and the fishes enumerated here were obtained chiefly during an excursion made by Sir W. Thomson.’ All the species obtained are known to enter freely brackish and fresh water. 1[There seemed to us, from what we heard at Sydney, to be a chance of making valuable additions to the know- ledge of the natural history of South-East Australia, by examining carefully the fauna of some of the rivers. Those in which Ceratodus had lately been discovered had the greatest interest for us, for we hoped that, besides getting a good supply of Ceratodus in all stages, we might by effective netting and other means find some additional forms of the Dipnoi. Accordingly a little party, consisting of Lieutenant (now Commander) Aldrich, who afterwards commanded the sledge which ran westwards from the “Alert’s” winter quarters along the coast of Grinnel’s Land, Mr Murray, and myself, with Pearcey and a couple of blue-jackets in attendance, was organised to go to Brisbane during the stay of the ship at Sydney, with the view of pushing on, if time permitted, to the upper reaches of the Mary or the Burnet. We got information and introductions from Dr Bennett, Mr Hill, and others. We prepared a stock of trammel nets, lines, and other fishing appliances, a box of dynamite cartridges, fowling pieces, and collecting gear of all kinds, and we arranged to leave Sydney by the “ City of Brisbane” on Tuesday the 29th of April 1874; the vessel was, however, detained by bad weather till the 4th of May. We arrived at Brisbane on the morning of the 7th. An intimation of our intended trip had preceded us, and we found a kind invitation from the Marquis of Normanby to Government House awaiting us at the club, of which we had already been made honorary members. We stayed a few days at Brisbane seeing all that was to be seen. The governor's A.D.C. tried to make arrangements to send us on to Gympie in carriages, but we found it more convenient to go by a coasting steamer to Maryburgh. The departure of the “ Lady Bowen,” the regular trading packet, was hurried to give us more time, and on Sunday the 10th we were steaming past a monotonous undulating coast-line, the low hills crowned with dusky woods of sombre gum-trees, past Fraser Island, one of the districts given up entirely to the natives, many of whom we saw in the distance, with a fine walk and gait, but absolutely unclothed. We were disappointed that none of them swam off to the steamer as they often do. We reached Maryburgh on the morning of the 11th, and introduced ourselves to Mr Sheridan, the Collector of Customs, to whom we had been referred by Lord Normanby. We found Mr Sheridan a most pleasant companion, and a man of great intelligence and considerable special knowledge of natural science. He most kindly placed himself at our disposal during our stay, and he afterwards took the trouble to collect and send home to us a valuable collection of such species as we had not an opportunity of procuring in sufficient quantity during our short visit. We went on in the evening in a couple of buggies through the bush of scattered gum-trees, to a little group of wooden shanties called Tiaro, about twenty miles above Maryburgh, on a pretty bend of the river Mary, with a good long stretch of open river, succeeded by some irregular rapids and deep pools, and overhanging woods farther up. The influence of the tide was slightly felt for a considerable distance beyond Tiaro, and some of the fishes had consequently an estuarine character. We got the loan of a boat from a contractor who was deepening the river a little below Tiaro for the Queensland Government, and on the following day we were joined by Mr Sheridan with his boat and servant. We heard on all hands that the Barramunda (the native name for Ceratodus) was to be found occasionally in the neighbourhood, and we determined to spend the short time at our disposal in exploring the fauna of the river for a few miles up stream. Lieutenant Aldrich and Mr Murray, with our escort and one or two natives whom we had secured, camped a little way up the river, and Mr Sheridan and IJ, as the seniors of the party, slept at Tiaro, rowing up the river in the morning, and usually reaching the camping-ground in time to supply the materials of stew for luncheon, of cockatoos, wallaby, ducks, &c., which we had shot by the way. For about ten days the river was fished day and night with net and rod, and fishes of several species were taken in large numbers, but we found no trace of Ceratodus or of any allied form. We had taken with us a number of powerful dynamite cartridges, and these were thrown, with a few feet of Bickford’s fuse attached, into the deeper pools, and in a minute or so a shock like a blow from a heavy wooden mallet was felt on the bottom of the boat, one could see a slight rise on the surface of the water, and perhaps a hundred fishes of different sorts and sizes rose to the surface and floated on their backs or sides. Those we required were taken into the boat with a landing-net, and the rest recovered from their shock in a few minutes and swam away. The number of individual fishes taken in this way was very large, but it is somewhat singular that Ceratodus never occurred among them. At the end of about ten days three specimens of Ceratodus were taken, one by Lieutenant Aldrich with hook and bait, and two others afterwards, one by a native. As our leave of absence was nearly exhausted, we now returned to Maryburgh, and after waiting for a few days to catch a return steamer, we rejoined the Challenger at Sydney. 32 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Ceratodus miolepis, Gthr. Irregularities in the arrangement of scales do not appear to be scarce in both species of this genus, and occur chiefly in the median line of the back or abdomen, some of the scales of the median series being either subdivided or confluent with those of the adjoining series. The specimens collected by the naturalists of the Challenger Expedition belong to the smaller-scaled species, which, as far as is known at present, is confined to the Mary River. In some twenty specimens from that river, which passed through my hands, the normal number of longitudinal series was found to be twenty-one, although in a few of them, as also in one of the specimens of the Challenger collection, one more or less may be counted on account of the irregularity mentioned. The Burnett Ceratodus (Ceratodus forsteri) is more rarely brought to Europe. I have seen three specimens only, which had eighteen rows of scales; but Dr A. B. Meyer mentions a specimen in which he counted twelve scales below the lateral line, or nineteen altogether (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1875, vol. xv. p. 368). Oligorus macquariensis, C. V., River Mary, near the village of Tiaro. Ctenolates ambiguus, Rich., Queensland, lat. 27° 9’ long. 144° 0’. Datnia ambigua, Richards, Voy. “ Erebus” and “Terror,” Fish., p. 25, pl. xix. Ctenolates macquariensis, Gthr., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, p. 320, pl. xxxiil. Therapon unicolor, Gthr., Queensland, lat. 27° 0’ S., long. 144° 0’; River Mary, near the village of Tiaro. Aimbassis marianus, 1. sp. D. 7/goma> A. Bp L. lat. 28. The height of the body is two-fifths, or in young specimens less than two-fifths of the total length (without caudal), the length of the head one-third. The diameter of the eye is two-sevenths of the length of the head and two-thirds of that of the postorbital portion. Preeorbital strongly serrated. Scales on the middle of the trunk much larger, and those on the nape much smaller than the remainder. Lateral line interrupted below the end of the spinous dorsal, the pores of the posterior portion being rather indistinct. The second dorsal spine is as long as, or some- times a little longer than, the third, and one-fourth of the total length (without caudal). The third anal spine is longer than the second, but considerably shorter than the second of the dorsal. A narrow, silvery, longitudinal streak along the middle of the tail; the membrane between the second and third dorsal spines blackish. Caudal fin not coloured. We had altogether some fair sport, and a good opportunity of seeing the natives and making ourselves familiar with the character of Australian scenery and the Australian fauna. I am sure all our party will long remember our months’ excursion with pleasure. Most of the fishes in the Queensland list were procured during this trip. Those marked lat. 27° 9’ long., 144° 0’ E., were collected by Mr Lyon at his station about 400 miles inland of Brisbane, and was sent by him to Mr Murray. —C. Wy. T.] REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES, 33 Queensland. Length of specimens, 14 to 34 inches. River Mary, near the village of Tiaro. Chrysophrys australis, Gthr., River Mary, near the village of Tiaro. Centropogon robustus, Gthr., River Mary, near the village of Tiaro. Platycephalus insidiator, Forsk., River Mary. Corvina australis, n. sp. D. 10/s4-55, A. 2/7, L. lat. 49, L. trans. 38... The height of the body is a little more than the length of the head, which is nearly one-fourth of the total (without caudal). Snout convex, with the upper jaw overlapping the lower, longer-than the eye, the diameter of which is two-ninths of the length of the head. Dorsal spines very slender ; anal spine rather strong, about one-half of the first ray and one-third of the length of the head. Margin of the preoperculum very finely crenulated. Coloration uniform silvery ; upper half of the first dorsal blackish. Queensland. Length of specimens, 10 and 11 inches. River Mary, near the village of Tiaro. Periophthalmus schlosseri, Pall., Cardwell, Queensland. Eleotris compressa, Krefft, River Mary, near the village of Tiaro. Eleotris macrolepidota, Bl., River Mary. Mugil cephalotus, C. V., River Mary, near the village of Tiaro. Myxus elongatus, Gthr., River Mary, near the village of Tiaro. Atherinichthys nigrans, Rich., Queensland, lat. 27° 9’ 8., long. 144° 0’; River Mary, near the village of Tiaro. ; ie Copidoglanis tandanus, Mitch., River Mary, near the village of Tiaro. Copidoglanis hyrtli, Steind., Queensland, lat. 27° 9’ S., long. 144° 0”. Mosilurus hyrtli, Steindachner, Wien. S. B., 1867, vol. lv. p. 14. Arius australis, Gthr., River Mary, near the village of Tiaro. Arrhamphus sclerolepis, Gthr., River Mary, near the village of Tiaro. -Chatoéssus erebi, Gthr., River Mary, near the village of Tiaro. (2) Chatoéssus erebi, Gthr., Queensland, lat. 27° 9’ S., long. 144°. Megalops cyprinoides, Brouss., River Mary. Anguilla mauritiana, Benn., River Mary. B. THE FIJI ISLANDS. The Challenger stayed at this group from July 25 to August. 10, 1874, and a considerable number of species were collected ; but, with one exception, they belong to the common Polynesian forms of this well-known fauna. (ZOOL. CHALL. EXP.—PART v1.—1880.) F5 34 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Serranus hexagonatus, Forst., Levuka. Plectropoma maculatum, Bl. (Probably = Plectropoma leopardinum, Lac.), Levuka, Fiji. Mesoprion bengalensis, Bl., Kandavu. Mesoprion fulviflanvma, Forsk., Kandavu, Levuka. Mesoprion marginatus, C. V., Levuka. Mesoprion senucinctus, Q. and G., Levuka. Lutjanus semicinctus, Quoy and Gaim. Mesoprion semicinctus, Cuv., vol. ii. p. 485; Gthr., Fisch. d. Siidsee, p. 15, pl. xvii, - Apogon savayensis (Gthr. Fisch. Siidsee, p. 22, taf. xix. fig. B), Levuka. Therapon servus, L., Levuka, Kandavu. Therapon oxyrhi inches Schleg., Ovalau." Dules rupestris, Lac., Ovalau. Dules marginatus, C. V., Ovalau. Diagramma pardale, C. V., Ovalau. Diagramma pictum, Thunb., Ovalau. Scolopsis bilineatus, Bl., Levuka, Ovalau. Scolopsis tenporalis, C. V., Kandavu. Gerres oyena, Forsk., Kandavu. Lethrinus nebulosus, Forsk., Levuka. Lethrinus ramak, Forsk., Levu Lethrinus moensi, Blkr. (Bleder Nat. Tyds. Ned. Ind., 1855, vol. ix. p. 435; Gthr., Fisch. Siidsee, p. 64, pl. xlvi. fig. A), Kandavu. Lethrinus hematopterus, Schleg., Kandavu. Spherodon grandocilis, Forsk., Kandavu. Scorpena zanzbarensis, Playfair, in Fish. Zanz., p. 47, pl. viii. fig. 2 This species has hitherto been known from Zanzibar only. Levuka. Prterois zebra, C. V., Levuka. Synancera verrucosa, Bl., Ovalau. Chetodon rafflesi, Benn., Ovalau. Chetodon vagabundus, L., Ovalau. Holacanthus cyanotis, (Gthr. Fish., vol. ii. p. 517; and Fisch. d. Siidsee, p. 52, taf. xl., fig. B), Kandavu. Heniochus macrolepidotus, L., Ovalau. Myripristis murdjan, Forsk., Ovalau. 1 [The fishes in this list from Ovalau, were collected and presented to the Expedition by Mr Boyd, Fiji—C. Wy. T.] REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. ; 35 Upeneus indicus, Shaw, Kandavu. Upeneoides vittatus, Forsk., Ovalau. Percis hexophthalma, C. V., Levuka. Plesiops corallicola, Blkr. (Bleeker, Nat. Tyds. Ned. Ind., 1853, p- 280; Gthr. Fisch. d. Siidsee, p. 87, taf. lviii. fig. B.). A specimen obtained at Levuka is remarkable for having ten dorsal spines only. As I cannot detect any other marked difference from a specimen with eleven or twelve dorsal spines, I consider this specimen for the present as an individual variety. Length of specimen, 24 inches, Levuka. Caranex speciosus, Forsk., Levuka. Platax orbicularis, Forsk., Kandavu. Psettus argenteus, L., Levuka. Equula fasciata, Lac., Ovalau. Acanthurus triostegus, L., Ovalau.. Acanthurus blochi, C. V., Ovalau. Acanthurus gahm, Forsk., Kandavu. Acanthurus rhombeus, Kittl., Levuka. Naseus marginatus, C. V., Ovalau. Teuthis marmorata, Q. and G., Kandavu. Teuthis hecagonata, Blkr., Kandavu. Gobius phalena, C. V., Ovalau. EHuctenogobius ophthalmonema, Blkr., Kandavu. Gobius ophthalmonema, Bleck, Nat. Tyds. Ned. Ind., 1856, vol. xii. p. 208. Euctenogobius ophthalmonema, Gthr., Fisch. Siidsee, p. 180, taf. exi., fig. B. Eleotris macrolepidota, Bl., Ovalau. Eleotris fusca, Bl. Schn., Levuka. Eleotris longipinnis, Benn., Ovalau. Periophthalmus kélreuteri, Pall., Kandavu. Petroscirtes oualanensis, a. sp. D. 42, A. 20. The length of the head is a little more than the depth of the body and one-fifth of the total. Snout with the upper profile obliquely descending forwards. The canine teeth of the lower jaw are very large, those of the upper small. Orbital tentacle none. Diameter of the eye equals the width of the interorbital space. The dorsal fin is not elevated, commences on a line with the posterior margin of the pre- operculum, and terminates at a short distance from the root of the caudal. The upper and lower caudal rays prolonged into filaments. Uniform light olive coloured in spirits. Ovalau. Length of specimens, 24 and 3 inches. 36 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Petroscirtes, sp. (not in g. st.), Ovalau, Atherina lacunosa, Forst. (Forst. Descr. An., p. 298; Gthr., Fisch. d. Siidsee, p. 213, taf. exviil., fig. E), Levuka. . Pomacentrus scolopsis, Q. and G., Levuka. Glyphidodon xanthozona, Blkr., Levuka. Glyphidodon assimilis, Gthr., Ovalau. Platyglossus trimaculatus, Q. and G., Levuka. Julis dorsalis, Q. and G., Ovalau. Chilinus trilobatus, Lac., Levuka. Chilinus chlorurus, Bl., Levuka. Pseudoscarus nuchipunctatus, C. V., Kandavu. Pseudoscarus microrhinus, Blkr., Kandavu. Rhomboidichthys, sp. (2) Levuka. Solea heterorhina, Blkr., Ovalau. Saurus varius, Lac., Ovalau. Belone annulata, C. V., Levuka; Ovalau ; Kandavu. Hemirhamphus commerson, Kandavu. Clupea tembang, Blkr., Levuka ; Kandavu. Megalops cyprinoides, Brouss., Ovalau. Anguilla mauritiana, Benn., fresh-water of Levuka; Ovalau. Murena polywranodon, Blkr., Ovalau. Doryichthys brachyurus, Blkr., Ovalau. Balistes stellatus, Lac., Kandavu. Balistes fuscus, Bl. Schn., Kandavu. Balistes aculeatus, L., Kandavu. Tetrodon immaculatus, Bl., Ovalau. Ostracion cornutus, L., Ovalau. Ostracion cubicus, L., Ovalau. ©. THE SEA BETWEEN AUSTRALIA AND NEW GUINEA. The Challenger proceeded from the Fiji Islands to Api, one of the New Hebrides (August 18, 1874), to Raine Island (August 31), and to Cape York, where the Expedi- tion stayed from September 2 to September 8. Much attention to collecting specimens was paid on the passage to the Arafura Sea, the trawl being used every day in this com- paratively shallow basin ; finally the Aru and Ki Islands were visited (September 9 to September 27). The fishes collected in this part of the Voyage may be conveniently enumerated separ- ately, as comparatively little had been done previously in the exploration of this fauna ; REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 37 at least much less than in the Fiji group towards the east, and the East Indian Archi- pelago towards the west. It bears thoroughly the character of the Indo-Pacific Ocean, and probably néne of the characteristic forms will be found to be absent. There is but a slight admixture of specifically Australian forms, like Cnidoglanis. The great proportion of new forms is due to the circumstance that a very interesting collection was made at Station 192 in the Ki Islands, at a depth of 129 fathoms: which depth appears to be sufficient to ensure the discovery of distinct species. Several of the fishes obtained there are so markedly distinguished as deep-sea forms as to necessitate their removal to that series. Trygon pastinaca, L., Arafura Sea. Urolophus kavanus, n. sp. No dorsal fin. Disk much broader than long ; the anterior margins meeting at a very obtuse angle. Snout not projecting. Tail a little shorter than the disk. Disk entirely smooth. Uniform brownish. Distance of the extremity of the snout from the vent, 43 inches. Distance of the extremity of the tail from the vent, 45 inches. Greatest width of the disk, 5492 inches. Ki Islands. Length of specimens, 83 and 94 inches. Station 192; 129 fathoms. Anthias megalepis, n. sp. (Pl. XVI. fig. E). D. 19, A. 3, L. lat 30, L. transv. 24/12. The height of the body is rather more than one-third of the total length (without caudal), the length of the head two-fifths. The diameter of the eye equals the length of the snout, and is one-fourth of that of the head. Interorbital space flat, scaly, very narrow. The maxillary extends to, or nearly to, the posterior margin of the eye. A pair of canines in the upper jaw, and a pair in the middle of the side of the lower are well developed. Preeorbital very narrow, narrower than the maxillary. Preeoperculum strongly serrated. Six series of scales on the cheek. Dorsal spines of moderate strength and length, not so strong as the second of the anal fin. Pectoral extending to the first soft anal ray. Rose coloured; umform, or with irregular blackish patches on the back. Ki Islands. Length of specimens, 3 to 4 inches. Station 192; 129 fathoms. Centropristis pleurospilus, n. sp. (Pl. XVI. fig. D). D. 49, A. , L. lat. 44, L. transv. 33. The height of the body is two-ninths of the total leneth (without caudal), the length of the head two-fifths. The diameter of the eye is longer than the snout, and more than one-fourth of the length of the head. Inter- orbital space one-third of the diameter of the eye. The maxillary reaches beyond the vertical from the centre of the orbit. Preeoperculum rounded throughout, serrated. Operculum with two spines. Six series of scales on the cheek; a series of four or five 38 ; THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. oblong black spots along the side of the body. _ Ki Islands. Length of specimens, 54 inches. Station 192; 129 fathoms. Myriodon waigiensis, Q. and G. Station 186 (trawl). Serranus diacanthus, C. V. Arafura Sea. Station 189. Mesoprion annularis, C. V. Arafura Sea, Station 189. Mesoprion chrysotania, Blkr. Somerset, Cape York. Apogon monogramma, n. sp. (Pl. XVI. fig. B). D. 7/3, A. 2, L. lat. 26. The height of the body is one-third of the total length (without caudal), the length of the head two-fifths. Inner edge of the preeoperculum not serrated. Dorsal spines of moderate strength, the fourth a little longer than the third. White (in spirits), with a well-defined narrow blackish band from the snout through the eye, to and along the central rays of the caudal fin. No black round spot at the base of the caudal. A narrow blackish line along the base of the. soft dorsal and anal. Length of specimens, 2 to 3 inches. Arafura Sea. Apogon septemstriatus, n. sp. (Pl. XVI. fig. A). D. 7/4, A. 2, L. lat. 28. The height of the body is two-fifths of the total length (without caudal), and equal to the length of the head. Inner edge of the preeoperculum not serrated. Dorsal spines rather strong, the third and fourth equal in length. White (in spirits), with three well-defined narrow black streaks on each side; the first from the snout, through the eye, along the middle of the tail and caudal fin; the second from the snout along the superciliary margin to the back of the tail; the third from the occiput along the base of the dorsal fins ; a seventh stripe-runs along the median line of the head and nape. No black round spot at the base of the caudal. A narrow blackish line alone the base of the soft dorsal and anal fins. Length of specimens, 3 inches. Arafura Sea. Apogon arafure, n. sp. (Pl. XVI. fig. C). D. 7/3, A. 2, L. lat. 26. Form of the body as in Apogon teniopterus, but with the snout shorter, and the caudal fin rounded. Both limbs of the preeoperculum are serrated; snout as long as the eye; interorbital space convex, as wide as the eye. Light coloured, with some indistinct darker transverse spots on the back ; upper half of the first dorsal black ; second dorsal and anal with a black band along the middle ; upper margin of the second dorsal and posterior margin of the caudal black ; pectoral, ventral, and hyoid region powdered with black. Length of specimen, 44 inches. Arafura Sea. (?) Acropoma japonicum, Gthr., Arafura Sea (not in good state). REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 39 Therapon servus, L., Somerset." Therapon caudovittatus, Rich., Somerset, Cape York. Priacanthus benmebari, Schles., Arafura Sea. Pentapus vitta, Q. and G. Station 188 (South of New Guinea). Propoma, n. gen. (Pristipomatidee). This genus is closely allied to Heterognathodon, but differs from it in having nine dorsal spines only, in lacking the canine teeth in the upper jaw, and in having con- siderably smaller scales on the back. Propoma roseum, n. sp. (P]. XX. fig. B). D. 33, A. 3, L. lat. 60, L. transv. 7%. The height of the body is contained. thrice and a half or thrice and three-fourths in the total length (without caudal), the length of the head thrice and one-fourth or thrice and a half. Hye large, one-third of the length of the head, much longer than the snout, or than the width of the interorbital space. Snout rather convex and obtuse, with the jaws sub-equal in front; teeth very small, maxillary covered with scales, extending to, or nearly to, the centre of the eye. Preeoperculum with a flat projecting spine at the angle, and with a very fine serrature along its lower limb; operculum with an acute small spine. Infraorbital extremely narrow, the end of the maxillary nearly touching the eye. Dorsal spines feeble, sub-equal in height; the third anal spine is the longest. Caudal fin deeply forked, with the lobes produced into filaments. Pectoral extending to the vent. Scales very finely ciliated. Apparently rose coloured during life; caudal fin yellowish. Lower parts silvery. Off Kilslands. Length of specimen, 53 inches. Station 192 ; 129 fathoms. Gerres abbreviatus, Blky., Somerset. Lethrinus nebulosus, Forsk., Somerset. Myripristis kaianus, n. sp. D. 11/75, A. x, L. lat. 29, L. transv. 23/7. The height of the body is rather more than the length of the head, and one-half of the total (without caudal). The diameter of the eye is two-sevenths of the length of the head, and twice the width of the interorbital space which is convex. The maxillary reaches to below the hind margin of the eye, and is not denticulated. Scales deeply serrated, those above the lateral line with acute long spines. Opercles covered with series of spines; opercular spine | strong, of 1 [The fishes in this list marked “Somerset, Cape York,” were mostly taken with the seine at Albany Island.— Caixa.) 40 _ THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. moderate length. The third dorsal spine is the longest, nearly half as long as the head ; the third anal spine much stronger and also longer than the fourth, and much longer than the opercular spine. Reddish-pink, with a silvery line along each series of scales. Ki Islands. (a) Length of specimen, 74 inches. Station 192; 129 fathoms. Sebastes hexanema, n. sp. (Pl. XVIL. fig. B). D. 11/3, A. 2, L. lat. ca. 53. The height of the body is contained thrice or thrice and one-third in the total length (without caudal), the length of the head nearly twice. The snout is considerably produced, the diameter of the eye being two-ninths of the length of the head, and two-thirds of that of the snout. The interorbital space is very narrow, concave, two-fifths of the length of the eye. Vertex with the spines rather prominent, and covered with very small scales. A simple tentacle above the anterior angle of the orbit, a second longer one above the middle of the eye, and a third, which is again shorter, between the nuchal spines. Other small tentacles along the lateral line. The maxillary extends nearly to below the middle of the eye. The band of vomerine teeth is V-shaped, that on the palatine bones very narrow. Tongue free and pointed. The third and fourth dorsal spines are the longest, rather less than one-third of the length of the head, and shorter than the second of the anal. Pectoral fin not quite reaching the anal. Rose coloured, with more or less indistinct blackish patches on the back, one extending over the dorsal fin, and occupying the space between the seventh and ninth spines. Kilslands. Length of specimens, 2 to 54 inches. Station 192; 129 fathoms. Inoscorpius, n. gen. (Scorpeenidee). Head and body compressed, the former with muciferous cavities above, but with scarcely any ridges or spines. Occiput without groove, naked. Opercles armed as in Sebastes. Body covered with very small scales, and with a wide lateral line. Vertical ins not elongate. Dorsal fins entirely separate, the first with eight or nine spines. Pectoral fin long, without separate appendages. Bands of villiform teeth in the jaws, on the vomer and palatine bones. Seven branchiostegals. Lnoscorpius longiceps, n. sp. (Pl. XVII. fig. C). D. 8 or 9/11, A. 2%% P. 23, V.2. The height of the body is one-fourth of the total length (without caudal), and the length of the head is contained in it twice, or, one- fourth. Snout rather produced, the diameter of the eye being one-half of the length of the snout, and two-elevenths of that of the head. The interorbital space flat, its width being nearly equal to the diameter of the eye ; the maxillary does not quite extend to the hind margin of the orbit. Armature of the head weak, and limited to a pair of minute spines REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 41 on the occiput, to another above the preeoperculum, to two small ones on the preeorbital, four on the margin of the preeoperculum, and two on the operculum. The bands of teeth are very narrow, those on the vomer and palatine bones almost linear. Dorsal spines rather slender, the third and fourth are the longest, one-third of the length of the head. Anal spines feeble. Pectoral fin extending to the middle of the anal. Ventral fin thoracic, terminating at some distance from the vent. Coloration, uniform reddish, with some obscure spots on the base of the second dorsal and caudal. Ki Islands. Length of specimen, 43 inches. Station 192; 129 fathoms. Pterois lunulata, Schleg., Arafura Sea. Minous pictus, un. sp. (Pl. XVIII. fig. D). D. $$-11, A. 12. The length of the head is two-fifths of the total length, without caudal, and equal to the length of the pectoral fin. Praeorbital, with a rather strong spine, obliquely directed downwards and backwards, and with another small one in front. Interorbital space concave, equal in width to the vertical diameter of the eye. Dorsal spines slender ; the three anterior a little remote from the remainder of the fin. Back and dorsal fin largely marbled with blackish-brown and white; lower parts and caudal whitish. Pectoral ventral and anal black; the posterior surface of the pectoral whitish, with a black stripe along each ray. Length of specimens, 2 to 24 inches. Arafura Sea. Station 188. (South of New Guinea.) Platycephalus insidiator, Forsk., Somerset. Platycephalus malabaricus, C. V., Arafura Sea. Station 188; 28 fathoms. Platycephalus isacanthus, C. V., South of New Guinea. Station 187. Platycephalus sculptus, n. sp. (Pl. XVII. fig. A). D. 9/11, A. 12, L. lat. 70 Length of the head is one-third of the total (without caudal), and its width between the preeopercular spines is contained once and one-third in its length. Interorbital space very narrow and concave, its width being one-half of the vertical diameter of the eye, or one-fourth of the length of the snout. Snout rather obtuse. Bones of the head deeply sculptured with radiating striz. 54 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. series of four round black spots along the middle of the side of the body, a fifth similar spot below the origin of the dorsal fin. Samboangan, Philippines. Length of specimens, 24 to 5 inches. Pasananca, near Samboangan. Rasbora philippina, un. sp. L. lat. 28-29. The origin of the dorsal fin is much nearer to the base of the ventrals than to the anal, and opposite to the ninth and tenth scales of the lateral line. The length of the head is contained four and one-third times in the total (without caudal). Barbel none; maxillary extending to below the front margin of the eye. Pectoral as long as the head. A silvery band along the side of the tail. River at Pasananca, near Samboangan (Philippine Islands). Length of specimens, 24 to 34 inches. Murena richardsoni, Blkr., Reefs near Zebu, Samboangan. Murena nebulosa, Ahl., Reefs of Zebu. Murena, sp.; young, Reefs near Zebu. Balistes verrucosus, Bl., Schn., Reefs of Zebu. Monacanthus pardalis, Ritpp., Reefs of Zebu. Monacanthus tessellatus, n. sp. (Pl. XXIII. fig. B). D. 36, A. 82. Skin velvety, without distinct scales. The depth of the body is one- half of the total length (without caudal). Snout.long, the distance of the eye from its extremity being two-sevenths of the total length (without caudal). Upper profile very slightly concave. Gaill-opening below the middle of the eye; root of the pectoral below its posterior half. Dorsal spine rather long, nearly half as high as the body above the posterior half of the eye, armed with four rows of barbs, of which the anterior are close together. Caudal with the margin rounded. Dorsal and anal fins but little higher anteriorly than posteriorly. Ventral spine small, fixed. Colour light brownish. Head and body ornamented with squarish dark brown spots, regularly arranged in transverse and longitudinal series ; caudal blackish. Philippine Islands. Length of specimen, 5 inches. Station 204; 115 fathoms. | Tetrodon immaculatus, Bl., Schn., Philippines. Station 203. Tetrodon patoca, H. B., Philippines. Station 203. Chilomycterus orbicularis, Bl., Straits near Zebu; 18 fathoms. L, HONG KONG. The Expedition remained at this locality from November 16, 1874, to J anuary 6, 1875. Its fish-fauna being well known, but few species were collected, one of which appears to be undescribed. Or Or REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES, Serranus diacanthus, C. V. Mesoprion vitta, Q. and G. Chilodactylus zonatus, C. V. Sebastes marmoratus, C. V. Scorpena cirrhosa, Thunb. Drepane punctata, L. Platycephalus insidiator, Forsk. Platycephalus yaponicus, Tiles. Stromateus argenteus, Bl. Gobius knutteli, Blkr. Eleotris sinensis, Lac. Apocryptes polyophthalmus, Gthr. Callionymus curvicornis, C. V. Trypauchen vagina, Bl., Schn. Trypauchen chinensis, Steind., off Hong Kong, in 10 fathoms. Ctenotrypauchen chinensis, Steindachner, Wien. 8. B., 1867, vol. lv. p. 530, taf. vi. fig. 3. Trypauchen chinensis, Steindachner, 7bid., p. 708. Ophiocephalus maculatus, Lae. Pseudoscarus nuchipunctatus, C. V. Pseudorhombus cinnamomeus, Schleg., off Hong Kong, in 7 fathoms. Arnoglossus tenuis, 0. sp. D. 93, A. 70, L. lat. 48. Scales very thin and deciduous. The height of the body is two-fifths of the total length (without caudal), the length of the head two-ninths. The ereatest depth between the anal fin, and the straight portion of the lateral line is less than the length of the head. Snout with the lower jaw somewhat projecting, as long as the diameter of the eye, which is nearly one-fourth of the length of the head. The length of the maxillary is one-third of the length of the head, that of the mandible rather less than one-half. Eyes separated by a very narrow ridge, the lower being considerably in advance of the upper. Lateral line with a semicircular curve above the pectoral. The dorsal and anal are continued on to the root of the caudal, and the rays of moderate length. The rays of the left ventral occupy the whole length between throat and vent. Humeral arch without projecting spines. Coloration uniform. Length of specimens, 24 and 44 inches. Solea ovata, Rich., off Hong Kong; 7 fathoms. Cynoglossus melampetalus, Rich., off Hong Kong; 7 fathoms. Saurida argyrophanes, Rich. Cyprinus auratus, L. 56 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. F, THE ADMIRALTY ISLANDS. The visit of the Challenger to the Admiralty Islands extended from March 4 to March 10, 1875. The fishes collected are, as might have been expected, identical with those of the Indo-Pacific Ocean. Three have proved to be undescribed, viz., a Lophiws, which also occurs in the Philippines, and two Plewronectide; they are inhabitants of the moderate depth of 150 fathoms. Mesoprion monostigma, C. V., Nares Harbour. Spherodon grandoculis, Forsk., Nares Harbour. Gerres macracanthus, Blkr., Nares Harbour. Pimelepterus waigiensis, Q. and G., Nares Harbour. Upeneus barberinus, C. V., Nares Harbour. Peristethus liorhynchus, Gthr., outside Nares Harbour ; 152 fathoms. Sillago sihama, Forsk., Nares Harbour. Champsodon vorax, Gthr., outside Nares Harbour ; 152 fathoms. Caranx crumenophthalmus, Bl., Nares Harbour. Platax orbicularis, Forsk., (=vespertilio, Bl.), Nares Harbour. Acanthurus blochi, C. V., Nares Harbour. Teuthis concatenata, C. V., Nares Harbour. Teuthis verniculata, C. V., Nares Harbour. Teuthis margaritifera, C. V., Nares Harbour. Lophius naresi, n. sp. (Pl. XXV.). D. 3/3/8, A. 6. Head and body covered with long fringes. Interorbital space deeply concave, with sharp raised denticulated superciliary edges. Humeral spine simple, acute. Mouth behind the hyoid greyish. Length of specimens, 3 and 8 inches. Nares Harbour, Admiralty Island. Station 219. North of New Guinea. 152 fathoms. Pseudorhombus ocellatus, n. sp. (Pl. XXIV. figs. A and B). D. 88, A. 75-76. Scales minute, but distinctly imbricated, not ciliated ; lateral line anteriorly with a strong curve, the diameter of which equals the length of the pectoral fin. The height of the body is one-half of the total length (without caudal), the length of the head one-fourth. Eyes separated merely by a ridge, large, one-third of the length of the head, the lower considerably in advance of the upper. One (male) specimen with a small spine in front of each eye, another above the mouth, and a fourth at the mandibulary symphysis. Snout very short, with the narrow mouth obliquely directed upwards, the maxillary terminating immediately behind the front margin of the orbit. The dorsal fin REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 57 commences above the nostrils, is not scaly, and terminates close to the caudal, its anterior rays being shorter than the middle ones. In the male the thirteenth to nineteenth rays of the dorsal, and the seven anterior of the anal, are prolonged into long filaments. Pectoral as long as the postorbital portion of the head. Ventrals distinct, opposite to each other. Brown, with scattered, more or less irregular whitish ocelli, margined with black. Fin-rays with black dots, and some entirely black for some portion of their length. On the blind side the anterior half of the body is whitish, the posterior blackish. Admiralty Islands. Length of specimens, 54 inches. Outside Nares Harbour; 152 fathoms. Nematops, n. gen. (Pleuronectidee), Cleft of the mouth narrow. Teeth minute; scarcely any teeth on the coloured side. Vomerine teeth none. The dorsal fin commences above the eye. Scales rather small, ciliated. Lateral line with a strong curve anteriorly. Eyes on the right side, large, each provided with a tentacle, the upper encroaching upon the upper profile. Nematops microstoma, n. sp. (Pl. XXIV. fig. C). D. 64, A. 54, L. lat. 65. The height of the body is contained twice and a half in the total length (without caudal), the lenoth of the head four times and a third. Snout extremely short, with narrow mouth obliquely ascending upwards. Eyes very large, two-fifths of the length of the head, very close together, the upper encroaching upon the upper profile. Tentacle nearly as long as the eye, attached to its posterior half. The eyes are inserted on the same level. The dorsal fin commences above the middle of the eye, and terminates at a very short distance from the caudal; its rays are of moderate length. Pectorals of both sides nearly equally developed, half as long as the head. Ventrals separate, opposite to each other. The scales of the coloured side are indistinctly ciliated, those of the blind smooth. The curve of the lateral line is semicireular, with a diameter shorter than the head. Dorsal and anal rays dotted with black, and a larger black spot on the posterior dorsal and anal rays. Caudal black, with a broad whitish posterior margin. Length of specimen, 3% inches. Outside Nares Harbour, in 152 fathoms. Belone liuroides, Blkr., Nares Harbour. Clupea moluccensis, Blkr., Nares Harbour. Balistes maculatus, Gm., North of Admiralty Islands. G, THE FRIENDLY AND SOCIETY ISLANDS, But few species were collected during the Challenger’s stay at Tongatabu (July 20, 1874), to which were added a small number from Tahiti (September 1875). None of them are of special interest. (ZOOL, CHALL. EXP.—PART vI.—1880.) F8 58 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Zygena malleus, Risso, (stuffed), Tongatabu. Trygon kuhli, M. and H., Tongatabu. Serranus dispar, Playf., Tongatabu. Mesoprion fulviflamma, Forsk., Tongatabu. Dules marginatus, C. V., Papeuriri, Otaheiti. Cesio tile, C. V., Tongatabu. Gerres oyena, Forsk., Tongatabu. Holocentrum spiniferwm, Forsk., Tongatabu. Caranx hippos, L., brackish water near Papiete, Tahiti. Caranx hippos, L.: Gthr., Fish., vol. ii. p. 449, and Fisch. d. Siidsee, p. 131, taf. Ixxxiv. Acanthurus (2), sp., young (Acronurus), brackish water near Papiete, Tahiti. > Sp., yi 5 ? Eleotris fusca, Bl., Schn., streams and brackish water near Papiete, Tahiti. Py e) > : 2 Mugil kelaarti, Gthr., Tongatabu. Mugil tonge, nv. sp. D. 4/3, A. 2, L. lat. 45, L. transv. 16. The height of the body is one-fourth of the total length (without caudal), the length of the head two-sevenths ; the snout is very broad, the width of the interorbital space being a little more than two-fifths of the length of the head. Hye with a broad adipose membrane. Lips thin; the maxillary is nearly entirely covered by the preorbital, only a narrow strip of its extremity being visible ; cleft of the mouth nearly twice as broad as deep; the angle made by the anterior margins of the mandibles slightly exceeding a right one. Anterior dorsal spines half as long as the head, occupying the middle of the distance between the snout and the root of the caudal, There are about twenty-six scales between the snout and the spinous dorsal fin ; the eleventh, thirteenth, and twenty-seventh scales of the lateral line corre- spond to the extremity of the pectoral fin, and to the origins of the two dorsals. Colora- tion uniform. Length of specimen, 64 inches. Tongatabu. Gomphosus tricolor, Q. and G., Harbour of Tahiti. Anguilla aneitensis, Gthr., Lake Waihirra, Tahiti. A malformed specimen from River near Lake Waihirra. Anguilla mauritiana, Benn., Lake Waihirra, Tahiti. Ophichthys maculosus, Cuv., Tongatabu. Murena nebulosa, Ahl., Tahiti. Murena richardson, Blkr., Tahiti. Diodon hystrix, L., Tahiti. REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 59 H. THE SANDWICH ISLANDS. The Challenger stayed a fortnight at Honolulu, and five days at Hilo, Hawaii. The fauna is almost purely Polynesian, although we may remember that several species from the West Coast of America have strayed as far eastwards as to reach this group. Most of the fresh-water species, on the other hand, are peculiar to this isolated group; and the Expedition obtained two Blennioids which hitherto had escaped observation. Zygena malleus, Risso, Reefs at Honolulu. Dules marginatus, C. V., Hilo, Hawaii (seine). Reefs at Honolulu. Scorpena nuchalis, Gthr. (Fisch. d. Siidsee, p. 76). If the two following specimens really belong to this species, it is subject to variation of colour, the Sandwich Islands specimens showing no white dots on any part of their body ; both, however, have a broad light band across the nape and side of the head. One of the specimens has a large black spot between the four last dorsal spines, which is absent in the other specimen. The typical specimen came from Rarotonga. Length of specimens, 24 to 3 inches. Reefs at Honolulu. Cirrhites arcatus, C. V., Reefs at Honolulu. Cirrhitichthys maculatus, Lac., Reefs at Honolulu. Carane crumenophthalmus, Bl., Reefs at Honolulu. Caranz hippos, L., Hilo, Hawaii (seine). Acanthurus blochi, C. V., Reefs at Honolulu. Upeneus trifasciatus, Lac., Reefs at Honolulu. Polynemus seafilis, C. V., Hilo, Hawaii (seine). Gobius stamineus, Valenc. (Voy. Bonite Poiss., p. 179, pl. v. fig. 5). This is the first time that this species has been rediscovered since it was described and figured by Valenciennes. Although the figure given in the French Voyage is recog- nisable as far as the form is concerned, the coloration seems to be imaginary, and is certainly very different from that of the specimens before me. This species is closely allied to Gobius ocellaris and crassilabris ; from the former it differs in having smaller scales on the neck, and in lacking a black dorsal spot ; from the latter in having the eye placed farther back. D. 6/11, A. 11, L. lat. 60. Fifteen longitudinal series of scales between the origin of the second dorsal and anal; scales on the neck much smaller than those on the tail; cheeks and opercles naked. The height of the body is four and one-half times, the length of the head thrice or thrice and one-fourth the total length (without caudal). 60 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Head low, flattened above, with the snout much produced, the small eye being nearer to the gill opening than to the end of the snout. Mouth horizontal, scarcely extending to the eye, with projecting upper jaw and very thick lps. Teeth in vilhform bands, without . canines. Interorbital space wider than the eye in old specimens, and of about the same width in younger ones. Dorsal fins lower than the body, caudal rounded; ventral terminating a long way from the vent, with broad basal membrane. Yellowish or brownish, with irregular darker spots, some in the middle of the body being arranged more or less distinctly in a longitudinal series; the rays of the dorsal fins and of the caudal with small black spots ; a round spot at the root of the caudal, and an oblong one on the upper part of the root of the pectoral are rather constant. Length of specimen, 2 to 8 inches. Fresh-waters of Honolulu. Streams of Hawaii. Gobius sandvicensis, n. sp. D. 6/4, A. 9, L. lat. 35. Twelve longitudinal series of scales between the second dorsal and the anal. Only a few very small scales before the dorsal, the nape and the whole head being naked. The height of the body is contained five and a half times in the total length (without caudal), the length of the head four times. The head is rather broader than high, with the cheeks swollen. Interorbital space very narrow. Hye as long as the snout, which is convex. Cleft of the mouth scarcely oblique. Jaws equal in front ; a curved canine tooth on each side of the jaw. Upper pectoral rays silk-hke.: Dorsal and anal fins of moderate height. Caudal fin obtusely rounded, not quite so long as the head. The ventral fin does not quite reach to the vent, and has the basal mem- brane well developed. Reddish-olive with lighter dots, and with a series of larger brown spots along the lower half of the side of the body. Vertical fins dotted with brown. Length of specimen, 14 inches. Honolulu, fresh-water. Eleotris fusca, Bl., Schn., Honolulu, fresh-water. Sicydium nigrescens, nu. sp. (Pl. XXVI. fig. C). TD; 6/11, A. 11. The scales on the nape, on the anterior half of the trunk, and on the abdomen, are very small; sixteen longitudinal series may be counted between the origin of the first dorsal and anal. Head small, two-ninths of the total length (without caudal), broad, with small eye, the diameter of which is scarcely one-half of the width of the inter- orbital space. In the adult the third dorsal spine is prolonged into a filament, and the posterior rays of the second fin are much prolonged, so as to extend sometimes beyond ‘the root of the caudal. Old specimens are nearly uniform black. Younger ones are sometimes of a lighter colour, with irregular and indistinct dark transverse spots and bands. Caudal without spots or bands. Length of specimen, 2 to 5 inches. Honolulu, fresh- water. Streams in the Island of Hawaii. REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 61 Lentipes concolor, Gill., Streams of Hawaii. Sicyogaster concolor, Gill., Proc. Ac. N. Sc. Philad., 1860, p. 102. Lentipes concolor, Gthr., Fish., vol. iii. p. 96. Lentipes seminudus, n. sp. D. 6/11, A. 10. A small fish, two inches long, and in an indifferent state of preser- vation, seems to be a second species of this genus, having the same singular dentition as Lentipes concolor, but the tail is covered with small scales, the head and trunk only being naked. It is an adult specimen, the ovaries being fully developed. The eyes are small, situated in the anterior half of the length of the head. The length of the head is one- fourth of the total, the caudal not included. The vent is somewhat nearer to the root of the caudal than to the head. Length of specimen, 2 inches. Honolulu, fresh-water. Mugil dobula, Gthr., Hilo, Hawaii (shore). Dascyllus albisella, Gill., Honolulu Reefs. Julis obscura, n. sp. (Pl. XXVI. figs. A and B). D. 38;, A. #,, L. lat. 29, L. transv. 34/10. The determination of this species is rather doubtful, as it seems subject to great variation of colour, without being distin- guished by some striking and constant peculiarity. There are four specimens in the collection, three of which are young, and the fourth apparently adult. The dorsal spines are remarkably short, and the upper and lower caudal lobes produced into short filaments. In the young the body is of a brownish-violet colour, which extends sometimes over the whole caudal fin, sometimes stopping short at the base of that fin, leaving it white. Scales with or without an indistinct vertical purplish line. Head apparently without markings. Dorsal and anal fins uniform blackish, or if of a lighter colour, with a black spot between the three anterior spines. Pectoral fin with a black spot superiorly at the base, and with a broad black longitudinal band, which sometimes becomes in- distinct. The adult has the ground colour light reddish, only the end of the tail, and the upper and lower margins of the caudal being black. Each scale with a vertical purple streak. Dorsal and anal fins greyish, without black spot in front. Pectoral ight yellow, without black band, and without axillary spot. Length of specimen, 4 to 7 inches. Honolulu. Rhomboidichthys pantherinus, Riipp., Honolulu Reefs. Chanos salmoneus, Forst., Reefs at Honolulu. Albula conorhynchus, Bl., Schn., Hilo, Hawaii (seine) ; Hilo, Hawaii (seine). Conger marginatus, Val., Reefs at Honolulu. Murena flavo-marginata, Riipp., Reefs at Honolulu. Murena (2), sp., Reefs at Honolulu. 62 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Doryichthys pleurotema, n. sp. (Pl. XXVI. fig. D). D. 25, Osseous rings 18+14. The edges of each ring terminate in a slightly pro- minent spine. Lateral line continuous, passing into the lower caudal edge. Snout with denticulated ridges ; operculum with a slightly oblique raised line, below which there are several other radiating keels; snout shorter than the remaining portion of the head ; interorbital space concave, the supraorbital ridge being raised, but scarcely serrated. Vent behind the middle of the dorsal fin, equidistant from the root of the pectoral, and from the end of the caudal. Pectoral shorter than the operculum ; caudal longer than the snout. Light greyish, with a brownish-black band from the snout along the middle of the body and caudal fin. Distance of the snout from the vent, 14 lines. Distance of the vent from the end of the caudal, 9 lines. The figure is twice the natural size. Length of specimen, 23 lines. Off Honolulu ; 18 fathoms. Balistes buniva, Lac., Reefs at Honolulu. I, JAPAN. A considerable collection was brought together during the prolonged stay of the Expedition in Japan (April 11 to June 16, 1875). All the specimens were obtained on the southern and south-eastern shores of Nipon, viz., at Yokohama (where, besides marine fishes, several fresh-water species were purchased in the market), and from fishing-boats off Inosima. These boats were fishing with long lines in 400 fathoms. They had small hooks attached all along the lines, and on these they brought up, along with a number of deep-sea fishes, specimens of Hyalonema, and many Pennatulids and other Alcyonarians. The ship dredged in 345 fathoms. The remainder of the collection came from the sheltered straits which separates Nipon from the Southern Islands, called the ‘Inland Sea,” and particularly from Kobé. A*fact to which I have repeatedly drawn attention, and again quite recently in Ann. Mag. Nat Hist., 1878, vol. i. p. 385, viz., that there exists the greatest similarity between the marine fauna of Japan and that of the Mediterranean, the adjacent parts of the Atlantic, and the West Indies, is fully borne out by the Challenger collections. It is proved not only by a number of species absolutely identical in the seas named, but also by a large proportion of representative species. The similarity becomes still more obvious when we take into consideration species which live at a moderate depth of from 200 to 400 fathoms ; and although I have included the descriptions of those fishes in the deep- sea series, it will be useful to enumerate them here with an indication of their geogra- phical range. Of the nineteen species obtained at a depth of 345 fathoms, four are REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES, 63 identical with Mediterranean species, five are representatives of Mediterranean species, eight belong to genera with a wide range at great depths, and two only must be regarded as peculiar Japanese forms, IL. 2. 3. 4. . Macrurus parallelus, . : Centrophorus squanulosus, . ae species of Centrophorus from the Coast of Centrophorus foliaceus, . Portugal, Madeira, and Mediterranean. Beryx decadactylus, . . Madeira and Coast of Portugal. { One species of this genus from Madeira and St Helena. " COne species from Cuba. One species from the Mediterranean and the East Atlantic. Physiculus dalwigki, . . Madeira and St Helena. Haloporphyrus lepidion, . Mediterranean, Madeira, and Coast of Portugal. Macrurus japonicus, . ; Macrurus macrochir, . Polynuixia japomea, . Lepidopus tenuis, . ; | The species of Macrurus and Coryphenoides are ; generally distributed over the deep sea. Coryphenoides nasutus, . Coryphenoides villosus, . Bathythrissa dorsalis. Peculiar to the sea off Japan. Xenodermichthys nodulosus. Peculiar to the sea off Japan. One species from the Mediterranean and Madeira, the Gonostoma gracile, SW other from the deep sea, and generally distributed. Synaphobranchus pinnatus, Madeira, Brazil. Synaphobranchus affinis. Japan. Nettastoma parviceps, . One species from the Mediterranean, Myzxine australis, 3 . Southern Coasts of South America. Trygon pastinaca, L., Market of Yokohama. Myliobatis aquila, L., Market of Yokohama. Percalabrax japonicus, C. V., off Inosima, from Japanese fisher-boats ; Inland Sea, from Japanese fisher-boats. Niphon spinosus, C. V., Market of Yokohama. Serranus octocinctus, Schleg. (= Serranus mystacinus, Poey.), Market at Yokohama. Apogon lineatus, Schleg., Inland Sea of Japan, Yokohama Bay, 15 fathoms ; Harbour of Kobé, 8 fathoms, Scombrops chilodipteroides, Blky., off Inosima, 345 fathoms. Hapalogenys mucronatus, Eyd. and Soul., Harbour of Kobé, 8 fathoms, Chetodon modestus, Schleg., Market of Yokohama. Upencoides bensasi, Schleg., Market at Yokohama, Kobe, 64 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Pagrus major, Schleg., off Inosima, from Japanese fisher-boats, Harbour of Oosima. Pagrus cardinalis, Lac., Market of Yokohama. Chrysophrys swinhonis, Gthr., Inland Sea of Japan, Market of Yokohama. Hoplegnathus fasciatus, Schleg., Inland Sea of Japan. Sebastes ventricosus, Schleg., Market of Yokohama. Sebastes oblongus, nu. sp. (Pl. XVIIL.). Allied to Sebastes inermis and pachycephalus. D. 12/75, A. 3, L. lat. ca. 65. The height of the body is contained thrice and one- half in the total length (without caudal) ; the length of the head twice and three-fifths. The scales are rather irregularly arranged, and much smaller above than below the lateral line. On the upper side of the head they advance to the nostrils, very minute ones covering even the preorbital. The snout is pointed and longer than the eye, the diameter of which is one-sixth of the length of the head, and equal to the width of the flat interorbital space. None of the spines on the upper side of the head project, and those of the preeoperculum are obtuse ; the teeth form broad villiform bands in the jaws as well as on the vomer and palatine bones; the maxillary reaches to the vertical from the hind margin of the eye. Dorsal spines strong; the fourth to the seventh are the longest, two-fifths of the length of the head. Anal spines stronger, but much shorter than the longest of the dorsal. Brownish, marbled with darker ; lower parts and all the fins with brown spots; an oblique brown streak from the preeorbital towards the angle of the preoperculum. Inland Sea, Japan. Market of Yokohama. Sebastes joynert, Gthr. (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1878, vol. i. p. 485). (Pl. XXIX. 1H, J4\)) D. +3, A. 3, L. lat. ca. 60. The height of the body is equal to the length of the head, and one-third of the total length (without caudal) ; scales very thin, scarcely serrated, a. little smaller above the lateral line than below it; on the upper side of the head they advance to the nostrils and cover the preorbital and maxillary. Snout short, three- fourths of the diameter of the eye, which is three-tenths of the length of the head, and exceeds by one-third the width of the interorbital space which is flat. Upper surface of head smooth, scarcely armed, the two occipital ridges very low and terminating in short - spines ; preeorbital with two flat spines ; preeoperculum with five spines, the second from above being the longest, and one-third of the diameter of the eye ; operculum with two spines, the upper of which is the longest. Teeth in narrow villiform bands, in the jaws, on the vomerine and palatine bones ; the vomerine teeth form a triangular patch. The maxillary does not reach to the vertical from the middle of the eye. The fourth dorsal spine is the longest, contained twice and a quarter in the length of the head. Anal spines stronger than those of the dorsal, the second anal spine being shorter than the REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 65 third dorsal. Probably red in life, with five brown cross bars on the back and the dorsal fin, the three anterior ones descending a little below the lateral line. Fins immaculate. Pharynx uncoloured. Although no specimens of this species have been obtained by the Challenger Expedition, I enumerate it here along with the other Japanese species of this genus. The two speci- mens, which have been quite recently discovered, are 9 inches long, and from the south- east coast of Niphon. Sebastes macrochir, nu. sp. (Pl. XX VII). D. 14/2, A. 2, P. 17/5, L. lat. ca. 45. The height of the body is contained thrice and one-fourth in the total length (without caudal), the length of the head two and a half times. Scales rather regularly arranged. Eye very large, one-third of the length of the head, much longer than the snout. Mouth wide, the maxillary extending to behind the middle of the eye. The bands of intermaxillary teeth are of moderate breadth, but those of the vomer, palatines, and mandible are very narrow. Interorbital space flattish, scaleless, narrow, its width being only two-fifths of the orbit. Occipital region flat, with some rudimentary scales. A series of spines runs along each side of the forehead and occiput ; it consists of a spine in front of the orbit, three above it, and two on each side of the occiput. Infraorbital ridge with strong spines. Praeoperculum with five pointed spines on the margin. Each ramus of the mandible with three large muciferous apertures. Dorsal spines rather feeble ; the third to the sixth are the longest, two-fifths of the length of the head. Anal spines stronger, but shorter than the longest of the dorsal. Caudal truncated. The pectoral fin is extremely broad, the five or six lower rays being elongated beyond the extremity of those next above them; their extremities are somewhat thickened, and they, like the similar outer ventral rays, serve as an organ of locomotion. The pectoral rays extend to, the ventral rays beyond, the vent. The latter are as long as the head without snout. Red, with a large black spot on the posterior half of the spinous dorsal, and with another between the anal spines. Length of specimens, 7 to 11 inches. Inland Sea of Japan. Off Inosima, 345 fathoms. Scorpena aviostoma, ni. sp. Allied to Scorpena zanzibarensis and Scorpena longicornis, but with a considerably narrower mouth. D. 11/15, A. 3/5, L. lat. 45. Palatine teeth; the vomerine teeth form a simple open V-shaped band. The height of the body is less than the length of the head, which is contained twice and one-third in the total length (without caudal). Head nearly entirely scaleless. Upper jaw slightly overlapping the lower. Orbital tentacles broad, fringed, shorter than the eye which equals the length of the snout. Interorbital space deeply (ZOOL. CHALL. EXP.—PART VI.—1880.) ¥9 66 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. concave, with a pair of slight ridges within its concavity. Vertex with a quadrate depression, which is rather broader than long, and surrounded by spines. The maxillary does not extend backwards to below the middle of the eye. All the cutaneous appendages on the head, body, and fins are well developed. The fourth and fifth dorsal spines are the longest, two-fifths of the length of the head, and equal to.the second of the anal fin, which, however, is stronger. Eieht of the pectoral rays are branched. Body and fins marbled with the usual colours of this genus, but without any peculiar markings. The axil of the pectoral is scarcely spotted, and the lower part of the head is white. Japan. Length of specimen, 54 inches. Market of Yokohama. Pterois lunulata, Schleg. (probably = Pterois volitans, L.), Market of Yokohama. Tetraroge longispinis, C. V., var. nuda. In the typical form of this species the body is covered with minute but very conspicuous scales. In the following specimens the scales are so rudimentary, and in such small num- ber, that the body appears to be almost naked. No other distinction can be made out be- tween the scaly and naked specimens. Length of specimens, 14 to 33 inches, Kobé, Japan. Sciena, sina, C. V., Inland Sea, Japan. Trichiurus lepturus, L. (= Trichiurus savala, Cuv.=Trichiurus armatus, Gray = —— Trichiurus japonicus, Blkr.), off Inosima, 345 fathoms. Prionurus scalprum, Langsd., Market of Yokohama. Trachurus trachurus, L., Market of Yokohama. Carane muroadsi, Schleg., Inland Sea, Japan. | Equula nuchalis, Schleg., Market of Yokohama. Zeus japonicus, C. V., Market of Yokohama. Cybium niphonium, C. V., Inland Sea, Japan. Brama rau, Bl. (this also is a new addition to the Japanese fauna), off Inosima, purchased of fishing-boats. Psenes anomalus, Schleg., Market of Yokohama. Percis sexfasciata, Schleg., Market of Yokohama. Uranoscopus asper, Schleg., Market of Yokohama. Sillago japonica, Schleg., Inland Sea, Japan. Latilus argentatus, C. V., Market of Yokohama. Lophius setigerus, Wahl, Yokohama, Kobé. Platycephalus insidiator, Forsk., Yokohama Bay, Inland Sea of Japan. Platycephalus punctatus, C. V., Inland Sea, Japan. Platycephalus rudis, n. sp. (Pl. XXX. fig. B). D. 1/8/11, A. 11, L. lat. ca. 70. The leneth of the head is one-third of the total REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 67 (without caudal), and its width between the preeopercular spines is more than one-half of its length. All the bones on the upper surface, and the scales covering its sides, are rough. The space between the eyes is concave, its width being one-half of the vertical diameter of the eye. Smuperciliary edge serrated; ridges with distant spines along the infraorbital and above the operculum, the central ridges of the crown of the head being rather obscure. Opercular ridge not serrated. Three spines at the angle of the pra- operculum, the lower of which is the smallest, the upper the longest, but only half the length of the eye. Only the foremost part of the lateral line is spmy. Ventral fins reaching to the anal. Greyish, with black dots on the trunk and operculum. The spinous dorsal and ventral black, the second dorsal and pectoral, with blackish dots. Caudal irregularly marbled with blackish. Length of specimen, 74 inches. Market of Yokohama. Lepidotrigla microptera, Gthr. (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1873, vol xii. p. 241), Inland Sea, Japan. Gobius yokohame, nv. sp. D. 6/11, A. 11, L. lat. 26. The height of the body is contained four and a half times in the total length (without caudal), the length of the head thrice and three-fourths. Snout obtuse, as long as the eye, the diameter of which is more than one-fourth of the length of the head. Eyes very close together; mouth oblique, with the jaws sub- equal in front, reaching to below the front margin of the eye; a very small canine tooth on each side of the lower jaw; head and occiput naked, but nape covered with small scales. A wide porus in front and behind the interorbital space, and two others behind the eye; they are the openings of the muciferous channels. Seven longitudinal series of scales between the second dorsal and the anal. The ventral fin terminates at some distance from the vent, which is midway between the root of the caudal and the praeoperculum. Dorsal fins rather lower than the body; caudal slightly pointed, as long as the head. Light brownish olive, with a series of five brown spots along the lower half of the body, the last being on the root of the caudal and the most distinct ; a triangular black spot occupies the lower angle of the operculum ; gill-membrane on the throat blackish. Small as this species is, it is adult, a female having the ovaries fully developed. Length of specimen, 24 inches. Yokohama Bay; 15 fathoms. Inland Sea of Japan. Gobius hexanema, Blkr., Yokohama Bay, 15 fathoms, Inland Sea, Japan, Kobé. Gobius flavimanus, Schleg., Market of Yokohama. Trypauchen vagina, Bl. Schn., Kobé, 8 fathoms. Callionymus lunatus, Schleg. (Faun. Japon. Poiss., p. 155, pl. Lxxviii. fig. 4). D. 4/9, A. 9, C. 10. Preopercular spine rather shorter than the eye, terminating 68 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. in four small hooks, three of which are directed upwards, the fourth being on the outer side of the spine and pointing forward. The females have the first dorsal spine prolonged into a much shorter filament than the males, but all have the large black sublunate spot between the third and fourth dorsal spmes. Caudal fin with rather distant small black drops arranged longitudinally; caudal fin but little longer than the head, obtusely rounded. In the males the dorsal spines and caudal rays are much prolonged, and the ereater portion of the first dorsal fin is whitish, with large ovate black spots. Length of specimens, 2 to 6 inches. Inland Sea, Japan. Yokohama Bay; 15 fathoms. Kobé. Chirus hexagrammus, Pall., Inland Sea, Japan, Market of Yokohama. Agrammus schlegeli, Gthr., Market of Yokohama. Centronotus nebulosus, Schleg., Inland Sea, Japan, Market of Yokohama. Mugil joynert, Gthr. (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1878, vol. i. p. 486). D. 4/4, A. 3, L. lat. 40, L. transv. 14. The height of the body is less than the Jeneth of the head, which is two-ninths of the total (without caudal). Eye small; its diameter is one-seventh, the width of the interorbital space more than one-third of the length of the head. Adipose eyelid none; prorbital emarginate and denticulated ; snout longer than the orbit; extremity of the maxillary visible. There are eighteen scales between the snout and the origin of the spinous dorsal; no elongate scale in the axil. Dorsal fins equal in height; the spines are rather slender, the length of the first being rather more than three-fourths of the postorbital part of the head; it is much nearer to the end of the snout than to the base of the caudal fin. The first two rays of the soft dorsal are scaly, the rest of the fin being devoid of scales; anal scaly anteriorly, as high as the soft dorsal, and commencing in advance of that fin. Caudal notched, one-seventh of the total length. Pectoral two-thirds of the length of the head. Axil without spot. This species was not contained in the Challenger collection, but may be enumerated here for completeness’ sake. It was discovered by Mr H. B. Joyner at Tokei. The specimens are 12 inches long. Fistularia serrata, Cuv. (Pl. XXXII. fig. C). Fistularia serrata, Cuv., Gthr., Fish., vol. iii. p. 533. Dr Steindachner has recently directed my attention to certain differences in the sculpture of the head which he observed in a small series of examples from Japan, and the constancy of which I have been able to confirm in the series in the British Museum. It appears that two species were confounded by previous authors, and none of the various names used by them were given with the intention of distinguishing those two species ; REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 69 so that it is impossible to say to which of them the names serrata, cmmaculata, and commersoni apply. Dr Steindachner and myself have agreed to treat those names as synonyms, and to leave the term serrata to the deeply-sculptured form, of which a full description is given in the ‘‘ Catalogue of Fishes.” This species may be characterised thus :-— Interorbital space concave ; the two middle ridges on the upper surface of the snout, run close and parallel to each other along the anterior half of the length of the snout. Body moderately depressed with minute asperities, which render the skin rough to the touch. The British Museum series includes specimens from Aden, Madras, Penang, Singapore, Bengal, China, Formosa, New South Wales, and from Bermuda (Mr J. Matthew Jones). It reaches a length of nearly 5 feet. Length of specimens, 20 and 23 inches. Yokohama. Fistularia depressa, n. sp. (Pl. XXXII. fig. D). Bones of the head less deeply sculptured than in Fistularia serrata, but with the upper lateral edges of the snout likewise serrated. Interorbital space nearly flat. The ‘two middle ridges on the upper surface of the snout are not very close together, and diverge again on the anterior half of the length of the snout, converging finally on the foremost part. Body much depressed, nearly smooth, the asperities of the skin being scarcely perceptible. The British Museum series contains specimens from Natal, Zanzibar, Amboyna, China, New Guinea, New South Wales, Fiji Islands, and California. This species attains to the same length as Fistularia serrata. Length of specimen, 24 inches. Sulu Archipelago. Station 200; 255 fathoms. I am inclined to doubt the occurrence of this shore fish at so great a depth as 250 fathoms, and it does not seem to me to be improbable that this specimen got into the trawl when near to the surface of the water. Platyglossus pecilopterus, Schleg., Inland Sea of Japan, Market at Yokohama. Platyglossus pyrrhogramma, Schleg., Market at Yokohama. Pseudorhombus olivaceus, Schleg., Inland Sea, Japan. Hippoglossus olivaceus, Schleg., Faun. Japon. Poiss., p. 184, tab. xciv. Pseudorhombus olivaceus, Gthr., Fishes, vol. iv. p. 429. Pseudorhombus pentophthalmus, Gthr., Inland Sea, Japan. Pleuronectes variegatus, Schleg., Market of Yokohama. Pleuronectes yokohame, un. sp. D. 68-72. A. 52. The height of the body is contained twice and one-sixth in the 70 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. total length (without caudal), the length of the head four times. Snout shorter than the eye, the diameter of which is one-fifth of the length of the head; lower jaw prominent ; maxillary as long as the eye; the upper jaw with a series of fifteen truncated teeth on the blind side, none on the other; eyes separated by a very narrow space covered with rudimentary scales. Scales small, cycloid, imbricate, larger about the lateral line than elsewhere ; the anterior curve of the lateral line is strong in the adult specimen, but much more open in the young one; its width equals the length of the pectoral ; pectoral more than half as long as the head; ventrals entirely separate; fin-rays smooth; the dorsal commences immediately behind the front margin of the orbit. The free portion of the tail much higher than long. Gill-rakers very short ; about ten on the first branchial arch. Blackish-brown, uniform, or indistinctly mottled with darker. In the young specimen the rays of the vertical fins are dotted with brown, five or six of them, of the dorsal as well as of the anal, having a broad black ring. In the adult example those fin rays are uniformly coloured, only traces of the dark rings being still visible. Length, 12 inches. Inland Sea, Japan. Yokohama Bay ; 15 fathoms. Parophrys cornuta, Schleg., Inland Sea, J apan, Kobé. Platessa cornuta, Schleg., Faun. Japon. Poiss., p. 179, pl. xcii. fig. 1. Parophrys cornuta, Gthr., Fish., vol. iv. p. 455. Cynoglossus interruptus, n. sp. (Pl. XXX. fig. B). D. 106, A. 77-85, L. lat. 78. Two lateral lines on the left side, the upper of which is discontinued at the end of the anterior third of the body. The lateral lines are separated at the point of their greatest distance by twelve longitudinal series of scales, No lateral line on the blind side. Two nostrils, one immediately in front of the eyes, the other above the middle of the upper lip. Eyes close together, the upper somewhat in advance of the lower. Lips not fringed. The angle of the mouth is below the middle of the eye, much nearer to the extremity of the snout than to the gill-opening. The rostral hook terminates below the symphysis of the mandibles. The height of the body is coitamed thrice and three-fourths in the total length, the length of the head five times and one-third. Brownish, irregularly speckled with brown. Fin-rays dotted with brown. Length of specimens, 6 inches. Market at Yokohama. Cynoglossus jyoynert, Gthr. (Pl. XXX., fig. A.), (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1878, vol. i. p- 486). D. 106-107, A. 79, L. lat. 85. Three lateral lines on the left side; on the level of the end of the abdominal cavity the upper and lower lines are separated from the middle by thirteen rows of scales; four series of scales between the dorsal fin and the upper lateral line, and four between the anal and lower lateral line. No lateral line on REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 71 the right side. All the scales on the left side strongly ctenoid; those of the blind side are nearly smooth on the anterior half of the body, and more conspicuously serrate on the posterior. One nostril situated between the eyes, the other above the lip. Eyes very small, the upper slightly in advance of the lower; interorbital space equal to the width of the orbit. Snout contained twice and two-thirds in the length of the head. Angle of the mouth much nearer to the end of the snout than to the hind margin of the gill-cover behind the eye. Tail not much elongate. The height of the body is two-sevenths of the total leneth (without caudal), the length of the head two-elevenths. Brownish, mottled with darker. This species has been recently discovered by Mr H. B. Joyner at Tokei, and is intro- duced here for comparison with the preceding species. The specimens collected are 93 inches long. Stilurus asotus, L., Lake Hakou. Saurida tumbil, Bl., Inland Sea of Japan. Harpodon microchir, Gthr. (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1878, p. 487). D. 14, A. 14, V. 9. This gigantic species of Harpodon differs from Harpodon nehereus in having a second distinct band of palatine teeth within the first one, and in having the pectoral fin very short. The tubes of the lateral line are narrow and elongate; the basal half of the adipose fin is covered with scales, The interior of the mouth and oill-cavity is black. A single specimen, 27 inches long, was obtained by Mr H. B. Joyner at Tokei. To judge from the structure of its skeleton, and from its evident rarity, it seems to descend to a moderate depth. Salmo macrostoma, n. sp. (Pl. XX XI. fig. A). B. 12, D. 13, A. 14, L. lat. ca. 130. This fish is distinguished by its remarkably pointed snout, the upper jaw being rather the longer, and by its wide oblique mouth, the narrow and shghtly-curved maxillary extending considerably behind the hind margin of the orbit. The head is small, only one-fourth of the total length (without caudal). Eye small, nearly one-seventh of the length of the head. Teeth rather small; one pair on the head of the vomer is followed by three or four other small teeth, arranged in a series. Preeoperculum crescent-shaped, without lower limb. Body rather deep, its depth being equal to the length of theghead. There are sixteen or seventeen scales in a series obliquely descending from behind the adipose fin to the lateral line. Dorsal fin but little higher than long. Caudal fin deeply emarginate, silvery, with nine parr marks along the lateral line, and with several round spots above and below them on the sides. This fish is in many respects very similar to one figured by Brevoort in United States 72 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. ‘“‘ Narrative of an Expedition to China and Japan,” vol. u., Fish., p. 277, pl. x. fig. 1. Unfortunately our specimen is eviscerated, so that nothing can be said as regards its anatomy. Length of specimen, 11 inches. Yokohama Market. Aulopus japonicus, n. sp. D. 15, A. 9, L. lat. 48, L. transv. 44/6. The length of the head is contained thrice and one-fourth in the total (without caudal). The diameter of the eye equals the length of the snout, and is contained thrice and two-thirds in the length of the head. Inter- orbital space concave, one-half of the width of the eye. Maxillary extending to behind the middle of the eye. Body irregularly marbled with blackish. Length of specimen, 74 inches.. Market of Yokohama. Plecoglossus altivelis, Schleg., Tokaido. Salanxz microdon, Blkr., Market at Yokohama Hemirhamphus sajort, Schleg., Market of Yokohama. Cyprinus auratus, L., Yokohama, Japan. Leuciscus hakuensis, nu. sp. (Pl. XXXI. fig. B). D. 10, A. 10, L. lat. 73, L. transv. 15/14. The height of the body is one-fourth of the total length (without caudal), the length of the head two-ninths. The diameter of the eye is one-fifth of the length of the head, and nearly two-thirds of the length of the snout or of the width of the interorbital space. The head is remarkably small, with narrow pointed snout, the cleft of the mouth being oblique and not reaching to the front margin of the eye. Upper jaw overlapping the lower. Origin of the dorsal fin above the root of the ventrals, midway between the snout and the root of the caudal fin ; fins gene- rally small and short, the pectoral being not much more than one-half of its distance from the ventral. Scales very indistinctly striated ; there are eight longitudinal series between the lateral line and ventral fin. Pharyngeal teeth 5/2, poimted. Coloration uniform. This species is infested by a large Ligula, like so many other Cyprinoids of the Old Word. Length of specimens, 74 and 94 inches. Lake Hakou, Japan. Achilognathus melanogaster, Blkr., Lake Bioa. Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, Cant., Kiyoto. (The Japanese fed Sreboldia in cap- tivity on this fish, and said it was its natural food.) Engraulis japonica, Houtt. (?) Atherina japonica, Houttuyn, Verh. Holl. Maatsch. Wet. Haarlem, vol. xx. p. 340, pt. 2, 1781. Engraulis japonica, Schleg., Faun. Japon. Poiss., p. 239, pl. evii. fig. 3. When I described specimens from the Coast of China under the name of Engraulis REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. 73 japonica, | had overlooked that a fish of the same genus had been described under the same name in the “ Fauna Japonica.” These two fishes prove to be distinct, the Japanese species having D. 13-14 and A. 17, whilst the fin formula of the Chinese species is D. 17, A. 22, Houttuyn gives much too little descriptive detail to show what species he had before him; but as his specimens were also Japanese, his Atherina japonica is better referred to the species described by Schlegel; thus, the specimens described by me in Fish., vol. vii. p. 390, require a distinct name, Engraulis chinensis. Length of specimens, 34 to 5 inches. Inland Sea, Japan. Kobé. Conger marginatus, Val., Inland Sea of Japan. (Tail mutilated.) Congromurena anago, Schleg., Market of Yokohama. Congromurena megastoma, n. sp. The length of the head is two-thirds of that of the trunk, the tail being longer than the body ; upper jaw much projecting beyond the lower, rather pointed ; mouth extend- ing far behind the middle of the eye, which is large, two-ninths or one-fifth of the length of the head, and nearly two-thirds of that of the snout ; posterior nostril a wide, round, open aperture ; length of the pectoral fin one-third of that of the head; the dorsal com- mences above the root of the pectoral ; vertical fins with a light margin; terminal portion of the tail black, extremity of the fin white. Spec. 15} in. Spee. 11 in. Distance of the snout from the root: of the pectoral, : ; 2 in. 4 lines. 1 in. 10 lines. Distance of the snout from the vent, . : : 5 (cj SARs Ais Ole. Leneth of tail, 3 ; ; CS elinastey: Was Gia Ge: Length of specimens, 11 to 19 inches. Off Inosima, from Japanese fisher-boats. Murenesox cinereus, Forsk., Kobé. Tetrodon oblongus, Bl., Inland Sea, Japan, Kobé. Tetrodon pardalis, Schleg., Market of Yokohama. Tetrodon rubripes, Schleg., Inland Sea of Japan, Market of Yokohama. Monocanthus septentrionalis, Gthr. (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1874, vol. xiii. p. 158), Inland Sea, Japan. Monocanthus modestus, n. sp. D. 36, A. 34. Skin velvety, without spines or bristles on the tail; the height of the body is contained thrice and three-fourths in the total length (without caudal) ; upper (ZOOL. CHALL. EXP.—PART v1.—1880.) F 10 74 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. profile of the head convex; the gill-opening extends downwards to the level of the middle of the root of the pectoral. The dorsal spine is inserted above the posterior third of the eye, and scarcely half as long as the head, or as its distance from the second dorsal fin; it is armed with four series of very small barbs, the two front series being very close together. The anterior half of the dorsal and anal fins elevated somewhat higher than the dorsal spine; ventral spine fixed. Uniform brownish-grey; caudal blackish, with the interradial membrane whitish and without any cross bands. Length of specimen, 12 inches. Inland Sea, Japan. Monacanthus setifer, Benn., Market at Yokohama. SS ENS TTC ESE SELACHOIDEI— Carcharias obscurus, Les., Zygena malleus, Risso, Scyliium chilense, Guich., ~ Chiloscyllium indicum, Gm., . Acanthias blainvilli, Risso, Spinax granulosus, D. sp., BatTowEr— Raja platana, nu. sp., Ceratodus miolepis, Gthr., Prrciwa— Percalubrax japonicus, C. V., Etelis, sp., . : . Niphon spinosus, C. V., SrRRANIDE— Enoplosus armatus, White, Centropristis annularis, 2. sp., ” Anthias megalepis, n. sp., yy thea Lk Propoma roseum, 0. sp., Bathyanthias roseus, 0. sp... pleurospilus, 1. sp., PALAICHTHYES. PLAGIOSTOMATA. P PAGE Raja mierops, V. sp., 5 6B » eatoni, Gthr., 5 faxes BY) » ~«murrayi, DQ. sp. 19 » brachyura, D. sp., 51 », nitida, n. sp., 23 Psammobatis rudis, Gthr., 19 Trygon pastinaca, L., » kuhli, M. and HL, Urolophus kaianus, 0. sp., 11 Myliobatis aquila, L., DIPNOL TELEOSTEIL. ACANTHOPTERYGIT VERL. Serranus impetiginosus, M. and T., apua, Bl., hexagonatus, Forst., diacanthus, C. V., . dispar, Playf., octocinctus, Schleg., Plectropoma maculatum, BL, Polyprion Inert, Steind., Rhypticus saponacervis, Bl. Schn., arenatus, C. V., Myriodon waigiensis, Q. and G., Mesoprion chrysurus, Bl., bengalensis, Bl, ” “37 on oo DARA bo ow GS Cr oo h H Go “a or} 76 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Mesoprion fulviflamma, Forsk., _ marginatus, C. V., ie semicinctus, @ and G., . 5 annularis, C. V., . 3 chrysotenia, Blkr., = vitta, M. and G., . - 33 monostigma, C. V., Priacanthus benmebari, Schleg., ” Sp.) - ” Sp.) - Ambassis marianus, 0. sp., Apogon savayensis, 0. Sp., » MOonogramma, D. Sp., » septemstriatus, 0D. sp., » arafurce, D. sp. » lineatus, Schleg., Scombrops chilodipteroides, Blkr., . (1) Acropoma japonicum, Gthr., ) philippinense, n. sp., Oligorus macquariensis, C. V., Chenolates ambiguus, Rich., . Dules rupestris, Lac., » marginatus, C. V., Therapon unicolor, Gthr., ni servus, L., 4 " oxyrhynchus, Schleg., Fs caudovittatus, Rich., Fe theraps, C. V., Hemulon chrysargyreum, Gthr., 34, 58, . 34, Hapalogenys mucronatus, Eyd. and Soul., Diagramma pardale, C. V., . us pictum, Thunb., rerres lefroyt, Goode, i », jonest, Gthr., » oyend, Forsk., 5 abbreviatus, Blky., » macracanthus, Blkr., Scolopsis bilineatus, Bl., +5 temporalis, C. V., 5 monogramma, C. V., Pentapus vitta, Q. and G., Cesio tile, C..V., . SQuaMIPINNES— Cheetodon nesogallicus, C. V., 5 rafjlest, Benn., A vagubundus, L., - modestus, Schleg., Heniochus macrolepidotus, L., niSAs Holacanthus cyanotis, Gthr., Pomacanthus paru, Bl., Drepane punctata, L., Hypsinotus rubescens, Gthr., Nanpipa— Plesiops corallicola, Blkr., Mutiipa— Upencus indicus, Shaw, a trifasciatus, Lac., a barberinus, C. V., Upencoides vittatus, Forsk., if bensasi, Schleg., . ” SP.5 SPaRIDE— Haplodactylus punctatus, C. V., Sargus argenteus, C. V., » capensis, Smith, Lethrinus nebulosus, Forsk., . 90 ramak, Forsk., 3 moensi, Blky., hematopterus, Schleg., . Spherodon grandoculis, Forsk., Pagrus major, Schleg., . » cardinalis, Lac., Chrysophrys australis, Gthr., be swinhonis, Gthr., Pimelepterus waigiensis, Q. and G., Aas boset, Lac., HopLeGNATHIDA— Hoplegnathus fasciatus, Schleg., CIRRHITID E— Cirrhites arcatus, C. V., Cirrhitichthys maculutus, Lac., Chilodactylus monodactylus, Carmich., 39 macropterus, Forst., = zonatus, C. V., ScorPzNIDE— Sebastes kuhli, Bowd., . Pe oculatus, C. V., a percoides, Rich., i hexanema, 0. sp., Ms nematophthalmus, Gthr., » marmoratus, C. V., . . 34, 35 56 . 64 , 26, 24 REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. Sebastes ventricosus, Schleg.; . ip oblongus, D. sp., * Joynert, Gthr. , 1 macrochir, D. sp., Scorpena scrofa, L., = plumiert, B1., 3 thomsont, 0. sp., % cruenta, Sol., ‘ 5 zanzibarensis, Playf., 5 cirrhosa, Thunb., 7 nuchalis, Gthr., op meostoma, D. Sp., Lioscorpius longiceps, a. sp., - Zanclorhynchus spinifer, n. sp. Pterois zebra, C. V., » lunulata, Schleg., Centropogon australis, White, x robustus, Gthr., . Tetraroge longispinis, C. V., . Synanceia verrucosa, Bl., Minous pictus, 0. sp., TEUTHIDIDE— Teuthis coneatenata, C. V., vermiculata, C. V., 4, margaritifera, C. V., marmorata, @. and G., » hexagonata, Blkr., Breryow2— Beryx splendens, Lowe, Trachichthys intermedius, Hect., Folocentrum sancti-pauli, n. sp., o longipinne, C. V., 9 spiniferum, Forsk., Myripristis murdjan, Forsk., os kaianus, 0. sp., PoLyNemMIDE— Polynemus sexfilis, C. V., Galeoides polydactylus, Vahi., Sctanmz— Micropogon ornatus, n. 8p., PS undulatus, L., Umbrina reedi, n. sp., Sciena sina, C. V., Corvina australis, 0. sp., PAGE 64 64 64 59 Otolithus quatucupa, C. V., Ancylodon atricauda, 0. sp., . TrIcHIURIDE— Trichiurus lepturus, L., Thyrsites atun, Euphr., ACRONURIDE— Acanthurus triostegus, L., 5 blochi, C. V., 5 hepatus, L., s gahm, Forsk., 4 rhombeus, Kittl., » sp. (Acronurus), . Naseus marginatus, C. V., Prionurus scalprum, Langsd., CaranciIpz— Trachurus trachurus, L., Caransz crumenophthalmus, Bl., 5) ascensionts, Forst., x caballus, Gthr., » georgianus, C. V., 3 speciosus, Forsk., és armatus, Forsk., » hippos, L., » muroadsi, Schleg., Argyreiosus setipinnis, Mitch., Chorinemus toloo, C. V., Lichia glauea, L., Trachynotus ovatus, L., Psettus argenteus, L., Platax orbicularis, Forsk., Psenes anomalus, Schleg., Equula fasciata, Lac., » dussumierz, C. V., » nuchalis, Schleg.; Cyrr1ipz— Cyttus abbreviatus, Hect., Zeus japonicus, C. V. STROMATEIDE— Stromateus argenteus, Bi., CoryPHa@n iD z— Brama rai, Bl., ScoromBRIDE— Cybium niphonium, C. VV... 3, 24 ot (i=) St w OF Or Or ce @ oor bw oo or 66 ‘ 66 78 ‘TRACHINIDE— Uranoscopus fuscomaculatus, Steind., - kaianus, D. Sp.) * asper, Schleg., Percis colias, Forst., », allporti, Gthr., . », hexophthalma, C. V., » sexfasciata, Schleg., Acanthaphritis grandisquamis, 0. sp., Aphritis gobio, Gthr., Sillago ciliata, C. V., » sthama, Forsk., » japonica, Schleg., Eleginus maclovinus, C. V., Percophis brazilianus, Q. and G., Champsodon vorax, Gthr., Cheenichthys rhinoceratus, Rich., Latilus jugularis, C. V., : : » argentatus, C. V., Opisthognathus macrolepis, Ptrs., Notothenia cyaneobrancha, Rich., . ro mizops, 1. Sp. 5 squamifrons, 1. Sp., 5p acuta, D. Sp.5 . marionensis, TL. Sp., Ag longipes, Steind., ats elegans, Ni. Sp., Harpagifer bispinis, Forst., BatracHipza— Batrachus diemensis, Les., Porichthys porosus, C. V., ° . PEDICULATI— Lophius nuresi, 2. sp., 5, setigerus, Wahl., Brachionichthys hirsutus, Lac., Tetrabrachium ocellatum, n. sp., Antennarius multiocellatus, C. V., marmoratus, Gthr., Malthe vespertilio, L., CorTTipz— Platycephalus insidiator, Forsk., 33, 41, 55, malabaricus, C. V., asacanthus, C. V., sculptus, 1. sp., spinosus, Schleg., pristiger, C. V., af japonicus, Tiles., punctatus, C. V., THE VOYAGE PAGE 43, 52, ; 53, 56 52 21 OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Platycephalus rudis, n. sp., PP] Sp., Prionotus punctatus, Bl., Lepidotrigla spiloptera, 1. sp., < phalena, C. V., 5 microptera, Gthr., Trigla picta, n. sp., » leptacanthus, n. sp., CaTaPHRACTI— Agonus chiloensis, Jen., Peristethus truncatum, n. sp., 5 moluccense, Blkr., a murrayt, D. Sp. % liorhynchus, Gthr., Dactylopterus volitans, L., op orientalis, C. V., Gosupa— Gobius albopunctatus, C. V., . » phalena, C. V., » genivittatus, C. V., » bynoensis, Rich., 2 » ornatus, Riipp., . » Orevifilis, Day., . » echinocephalus, Riipp., », Anutteli, Blky., . » stamineus, Val., », sandvicensis, 0. -Sp., 5, Yokohame, Nn. sp., » hexanema, Blkr., », flavimanus, Schleg., Euctenogobius ophthalmonema, Blkx., Apoeryptes polyophthalmus, Gthr., Sicydium nigrescens, n. sp., ” Sp. (fry)., Lentipes concolor, Gill., 55 seminudus, D. Sp. Periophthalmus schlosseri, Pall., p keelreuteri, Schn., . Eleotris compressa, Kreftt., », macrolepidota, Bl, . » fusca, Bl. Schn., » longipinnis, Benn., » sinensis, Lac., . Trypauchen vagina, Bl, 55 chinensis, Steind., Callionymus calauropomus, Rich., . 35 phasis, 1. sp., PAGE 66 52 13 42 28 67 24 42 oOo bo powoanwnwnn re i 44 35 44 44 44 28 53 BD 59 60 67 67 67 35 BD 60 45 61 61 33 35 S88 33, 35 35, 58, 60 35 eB 53, 55, 67 DS. . 28, 53 28 REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. Callionymus lunatus, Schleg., 3 longicaudatus, Schleg., rs kaianus, 0. sp., 3 curvicornis, C. V., TRICHONOTIDA— Hemerocetes acanthorhynchus, Forst., HETEROLEPIDINA— Chirus hexagrammus, Pall., . Agrammus schlegeli, Gthr., Biennipz— Blennius tasmanianus, Rich., 5 sanguinolentus, Pall., Petroscirtes oualanensis, n. sp., Br Spite : Blennophis webbi, Val., Clinus microcirrhis, C. V., Tripterygium, sp., : Centronotus nebulosus, Schleg., SPHYRENIDE— Sphyrena vulgaris, C. V., ATHERINIDE— Atherina lacunosa, Forst., Atherinichthys brevianalis, 0. sp., . 3 nigrans, Bich., PAGE | . 28, 67 44 . 44 . 53, 55 Murtemmz— Mugil cephalus, Cuv., » cephalotus, C. V., » waigiensis, Q. and G., » kelaarti, Gthr., . » tonge, 0. sp., » dobula, Gthr., » Jjoyneri, Gthr., Myxus elongatus, Gthy., FistuLarIpbzE— Fistularia serrata, Bl, . Fn depress, 1. Sp., CENTRISCIDZ— Amphisile scutata, L., GosresocE— Chorisochismus dentex, Pall., Lepadoyaster gouani, Barnev., OPHIOCEPHALIDE— Ophiocephalus vagus, Ptrs., 5 maculatus, Lac., LaByRINTHICI— Spirobranchus capensis, C. V., NoracantHi— Notacanthus sexspinis, Rich., ACANTHOPTERYGII PHARYNGOGNATHI. PoMACENTRIDE— : Glyphidodon saxatilis, L., 6 xanthozona, Blkr., I assimilis, Gthr., 3 septemfasciatus, C. V., 5 sordidus, Frsk., Daseyllus albisella, Gill., Pomacentrus scolopsis, Q.and G., . Heliastes flavicauda, n. sp., »» -TOSCUS, D. SP., Lanriw2z— Cherops eyanodon, Rich., FP ommopterus, Rich., Xiphochilus quadrimaculatus, DQ. sp., Cossyphus rufus, L., 4, 5 36 36 45 Labrichthys celidota, Forst., . : 5 bothryocosmus, Rich., . Duymeria flagellifera, C. V., Chilinus trilobatus, Lac., » ¢chlorurus, Bl., : Platyglossus cyanostigma, C. V., of trimaculatus, Q. and G., oF pecilopterus, Schleg., a pyrrhogramma, Schleg. Julis ascensionis, Q. and G., . ” dorsalis, Q. and G., »» Obscura, n. sp., Gomphosus tricolor, Q and G., Scarus chrysopterus, B1., Pseudoscarus nuchipunctatus, C. V., rf microrhinus, Blkr., wo oS oo ct PAGE or oo ww Lo/4) 2) Co HD oS Sr Ot HH Ww ag ow 68 69 53 14 Om wo = ao co or bo 80 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Lycopipa— Lycodes macrops, D. sp., GaDIDE— Halargyreus johnsoni, Gthr., . Merluccius gayt, Guich., Pseudophycis bacchus, Forst., Lemonema longifilis, n. sp., . 4 Bregmaceros macclellandi, Thomps., OPHIDIIDE— Ophidium mureenolepis, n. sp., Genypterus chilensis, Guich., . Murenolepis marmoratus, 0. sp., Congrogadus subducens, Rich., Macruripa— Coryphenoides denticulatus, Rich., Macruronus nove-cealandic, Hect., PLEURONECTIDE— Hippoglossoides dentatus, Mitch., Pecilopsetta colorata, n. sp., - Arnoglossus aspilus, Biky., A tenuis, 0. Sp. Anticitharus polyspilus, 1. sp., Brachypleura nove-cealandie, Gthr., Lepidopsetta maculata, n. sp., Samaris maculatus, n. sp., Pseudorhombus boops, Heet., SILuRIDE— Copidoglanis tandanus, Mitch., 55 hyrtli, Steind., . Cnidoglanis megastoma, Rich., 5 nudiceps, N. Sp., . Silurus asotus, L., Arius commersoni, Lac., 5 australis, Gthr., HapPLocHITtoNIDE— Haplochiton zebra, Jen., ScoprLIpz— Saurus varius, Lac, . - ANACANTHINI. PAGE Pseudorhombus russelli, Gray, 21 5 cinnamomeus, Schleg., 35 ocellatus, n. sp., if a olivaceus, Schleg., . : 26 7 pentophthalmus, Gthr., . 22, 25 Rhombvidichthys podas, De la Roche, . 26, 28 0 cornutus, DL. Sp., 13 5 angustifrons, DQ. Sp. 53 x ‘ spilurus, 0. Sp., o pavo, Blkr., ms pantherinus, Riipp., 46 ” sp., 25 Thysanopsetta naresi, n. sp., . 18 Lophonectes gallus, 0. sp., 46 Pleuronectes variegatus, Schleg.,- = yokohame, i. sp., Puarophrys cornuta, Schleg., . 26 Leops purviceps, n.. sp. 22 Nematops microstoma, n. sp., Solea heterorhina, Blkx., » kaiana, 0D. sp., - 3 », ovata, Rich., 48 Synaptura zebra, Bl., 47 rs arafurensis, 0. Sp. 55 Aphoristia ornata, Lac., 48 Cynoglossus kopsi, Blkr., 49 3 puncticeps, Rich., 18 Bs melampetalus, Rich., 47 is interruptus, 0. Sp., 26 + Joynert, Gthr., PHYSOSTOMLI Saurus intermedius, Agass., 33 » katanus, n. sp., . 4 33 Saurida grandisquamis, Gthr., 30 5 argyrophanes, Rich., 49 a tumbil, BL., 71 Photichthys argenteus, Hutt., 13 Harpodon microchir, Gthy., 33 Aulopus japonicus, n. sp., 93 | Satmonipz— Salmo macrostoma, 0. sp., Plecoglossus altivelis, Schleg., 36 Salanz microdon, Blkr., PAGE . 46, 47! _53, D3 55 56 69 REPORT ON THE SHORE FISHES. ScomBREsocIpzA— Belone trachura, C. V.,. » Jonest, Goode, » annulata, C. V., », strongylurus, Blky., ,, Uuroides, Blkr., . Hemirhamphus vittatus, Val., 3 commersont, Cuv., . *) quoyt, C. V.,. sajori, Schleg., Arrhamphus sclerolepis, Gthr., CyprRInoDONTIDE— Fundulus bermude, Gthr., CyPRINIDA— Oyprinus auratus, L., Barbus afer, Ptrs., » maculatus, C. V., aye SP ule ; F Rasbora philippina, un. sp., Leuciscus hakuensis, nu. sp., Achilognathus melanogaster, Blky., . Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, Cant., CiuPpEIDE— Engraulis japonica, Houtt., > olida, Gthr., . Chatoéssus erebi, Gthr., . wae. SynenaTHIDE— Syngnathus pelagicus, Osb., . 53 superciliaris, Q. sp. Urocampus calorhynchus, Gthr., Doryichthys brachyurus, Blkr., ScLERODERMI— Triacanthodes anomalus, Schleg., Balistes forcipatus, Gm., » buniva, Lac., » vetula, L., » stellatus, Lac., » Juscus, Bl., Schn., (ZOOL, CHALL, EXP.—PART VI.—1880.) PAGE Clupea sagax, Jen., Bj | » tembang, Blkr., . 10 » moluccensis, Blky., . 36, 50 Albula conorhynchus, Bl. Schn., 50 Megalops cyprinoides, Brouss., 57 Chanos salmoneus, Forst., 5 3 Chirocentrus dorab, Forsk., . 36, 50 50 | Muraxipx— 72 Anguilla mauritiana, Benn., . 33 re aneitensis, Gthr., Conger marginatus, Val., Congromurena anago, Schleg., 10 s megastoma, Di. Sp., Murenesox cinereus, Forsk., . (1) Murenichthys gymnotus, Blkr., He) ||| Ophichthys dicellurus, Rich., 14 y maculosus, Cuv., . 53 Murena moringua, Cuv., 14 5 porphyrea, Guich., . 54 7 polyuranodon, Blkr., 72 Fa richardsoni, Blkr., . 72 3 nebulosa, Abl., 72 A Jlavomarginata, Riipp., ” Spy " sp. : : : 72 Enchelycore nigricans, Bonnat., 13° 33 | PEGAsSIDE— 33 Pegasus natans, L., LOPHOBRANCHI. Doryichthys pleurotenia, n. sp., ll Solenognathus fasciatus, 0. sp., 30 Phyllopteryx teniophorus, Gray, 30 Hippocampus quttulatus, Cuv., 36 5 villosus, 1. Sp., PLECTOGNATHI. | Balistes aculeatus, L., ; 50 | » verrucosus, Bl. Schn., » maculatus, Gm., Monacanthus setifer, Benn., . scriptus, if Isb., at occidentalis, Gthr. ; > pen tcillige rus. Cuv., . io 3, 33, 36, F ll 2G 1, 82 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. Monacanthus longirostris, Cuv., ; jilicauda, n. sp., i) pardalis, Riipp., D tessellatus, 0. Sp., us convexirostris, Gthr., % modestus, Q. Sp., Ostracion quadricornis, L., SMUECOTIUUCILS lls. ale » cubicus, L., Myxine australis, Jen., Bdellostoma cirrhatum, Forst., septentrionalis, Gthr., PAGE | 50 | Gymnopontrs— 50 | Tetrodon honckeni, Bl., 54 5 nigropunctatus, Bl., 54 | Tetrodon immaculatus, Bl. Schn., . ile fs putoca, H. B., 73 | D oblongus, Bl., 73 | i pardalis, Schleg., 8 | rubripes, Schleg., . 30, 36 Chilomycterus orbicularis, Bl., 36, ¢| Diodon hystrix, L., CYCLOSTOMATA. s 23 Bdellostoma polytrema, Giv., . 14, 27 PAGE 14 5 Gt . 36, 54 54 73 73 73 54 58 vhallenger”” C ce, The Voyage of H.M. S. R.Mintern. cel. AULI. dD SANCT! = * Faud,) A HOLOCENTRUM re oO yf ‘ VILL¢ {PUS IOC A UUATY HIP! D ANNULARIS. STIS Fs) } Braxu Cc Y-ENTROPRI C. ROSEUS. B. BATHYANTHIAS ) (Coast: of ae Wis aN ae “ Cre nd Shore Fishes. PL III. » Tea m The Voyage of H.M.S. Challenge L JA PLA the RA. uth (Mo R.Mintern del et lith. The Voyage of H.M.S‘Chellenger” R.Mintern del. RAJA uth, of the MICROPS. d la Plata PL IV. Mintern Bros imp. a ) a ; ae ie » er. on The Voyage of H.M.S. Challeng R.Mintern del. Shore Fishes. Pl.V. The Voyage of H.M.S “Challenger” Shore Fishes Pl.V. Mintern Bros imp. RAJA MURRAY, (Herguee Lang.) The Voyage of HM. S.Challenger? R Mintern del et lith AGL NY R k mB (myn 1 op oy mp yo yoy) ‘SITIMIDNOT VAUNONYT'A SNLVNYO NOOOdOMDIN ‘Vv duit soag UsoyUrAy “ep Wo WU y TA‘Id OBURTIEUD “SS WWH P 29h SL, TIL. Shore Fishes. P].VI Voyage of H.M S"Challenger” The SS SS és Meo ntern Br R.Mintern del ia iN BT MAT TR BR | Epes hal ienger 0 e of H.M.S. é' The Voya 4 i § £ Pal ea Shore Fishes. Pl.IX. GO BLO Mintern Bros imp lagelhan ) The Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger” Shore Fishes. PLIX. RMintern. del. Mintern Bros imp. APHRITIS) Gop, ts of } IO. [Strats of Magetrcer, \ © The Voyage of H.M. S. Challenger” R.Mintern del sth Wleae i a cons The Voyage of H.M. S. Challenger: Shore Fishes. Pl. XI. A Grim: Broo imp R.Mintern.del et lith. aos 4 ES Sie A A.THYSANOPSBETTA NARBSSII. r IENIA ELEGAIT best ae ae at J cues seus Mintern Bros imp. sake ar Rata hy aap te a 3S (*XO—tUDULD,/ wone HH VNIMUNN ‘a “VbOId V'Ts t 6ouq Ut )) Ace Aggy) aie \ II ORIN cccusd MDC tak SOGINELCRONIS) wl (Avg pyopzomy ) “SALVIOSVS SOHIVNOONH IOS ’A “VCILIN VWiWe'¥ ‘Gut soug ULePUAL INDE tak SES EuGE Vis; *TABUSTTEUD "SIH Jo sseAo, ou, ie a ir tole ae * 5, eee fee tsi Danes a ta Shore Fishes Pl XV. oo The Voyage of H.M. S. Challenger: mp intern Vi R.Mintern del re) ECTE ON H aD The Voyage R.Mintern del. of H.M. S"Challenger? A.APOGON SEPTEMSTRIATUS. : D. CENTROPRISTIS PLEUROSE C. APOGON ARAFUR4S. Shore Fishes. Pl XVI. Mintern Bros imp. sr re Soh Tae 3 Keays Shore Fishes. Pl. XVIL The Voyage of H.M.S“Challenger™ oA hep TLL {Meaty gteae es Gti i as £48555 L Mintern Bros imp. R.Mintern del. B.SEBASTES HEXANEMA. SCULPTUS. e o A.PLATYCEPHALUS (Arafiura Sea.) The Voyage of H.M. S7Challenger® Shore Fishes. Pl. XVIII. R.Mintern del. A. ACANTHAPHRITIS GRANDISQUAMIS. B. TRIGLA LEPTACANTHUS. C.LEPIDOTRIGLA SPILOPTERA. D.MINOUS PICTUS. (Arafura Sea.) The Voyage of H.M. S/Challenger* Shore Fishes Pl XIX R.Mintern dal. A. URANOSCOPUS KAIANUS. B. GALLIONYMUS KAIANUS. (Kay Islands. C. TETRABRACHIUM ICELLATUM. (South Coast of New Guinea. aes . a Sais oF es et a, pagan The Voyage of H.M. S"Challenger® R.Mintern del. AN Shore Fishes. Pl. XX. Mi oe ZF Zi STA AKAN X Y’ CNG NASA Cony ( CR ‘ SN ¥ Ke "i veh syd A.OPHIDIUM MURANOLEPIS. B. PROPOMA ROSEKUM. C.XIPHOCHILUS QUADRIMACULATUS. D. HELIASTES ROSEUS. (Kav Islands.) VRE ioe iss Shore Fishes P1.XXI. The Voyage of H.M.S7Challenger” Rs 2%, ‘ 0, Ria Des ie a) WAGE Se Bras oa an Mount ‘Ses 4 y; Ney be -: ‘ 0 R.Mintern del. Mintern Bros imp A.RHOMBOIDICHTHYS SPILURUS. B.R C.SOLEA KATANA. D. SA (Aratura- Sea. eho sy oe i 2 ‘duit soug ud WN “TIXX Td syst S294 $0.2, 508 bay ANY. 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