< :F 10 1^'; 6;'j" - t5> REPORT to the Montana Livestock Sanitary Board July 1, 1959 through June 30, I960 Helena, Montana July 1 1, I960 Honorable J, Hugo Aronson, Governor of Montana Helena, Montana Dear Governor Aronson: In compliance with Section 46-2^2, RCM 19^7, we transmit herewith the report of the State Veterinarian to the Montana Livestock Sanitary Board for the year July 1, 1959, through June 30, I960. Respectfully submitted, MONTANA LIVESTOCK SANITARY BOARD ;^:i^/- -.-„ / J. W. SAFFORD, 'Executive Officer, MONTANA LIVESTOCK SANITARY BOARD Vr * * * Vc * * * * * John W. Black, Hinsdale, President William G. Ragan, Townsend, Vice-President Jce C. King, Lewis town Me.lvin Peterson, Wisdom Archie V/ilson, Jr., St. Xavier Manly A. Moore, Powderville A> ^>* «>^ ■.>' -t* JOHN W. SAFFORD Executive Officer and State Veterinarian Helena, Montana July 1, I960 Hon. Livestock Sanitary Board Helena, Montana Gentlemen: In compliance with Title kS, Section 242, RCM 19^7, I submit the report of the State Veterinarian and Executive Officer to the Livestock Sanitary Board for the year ending June 30, I960. There were four meetings of the Livestock Sanitary Board during the year. A meeting was held in Billings, August 3, 1959. A meeting was held in Billings, December 6 and 8, 1959. A meeting was held in Helena, March 8, I960. A meeting was held in Missoula, May 14, I960. At these meetings the varied activities and responsibilities of the Livestock Sanitary Board were discussed and acted upon. All actions taken and regulations and orders issued by the Executive Officer, in the interim between meetings of the Board were approved. The complete minutes of all meetings are on file in the office of the State Veterinarian at the Livestock Building at the Capitol in Helena. FOREWORD The production, transportation, marketing, processing, distributing, and merchandising of livestock, poultry, and their products, is the most important economic factor in Montana. Livestock and poultry production is not only of ex- treme importance as an economic factor in Montana, but contributes greatly to the entire nation's basic needs and primary source of strength by providing an abun- dance of wholesome, nutritious food. History has repeatedly demonstrated that livestock diseases, uncontrolled, can literally wipe out a livestock i ndustry--leaving a crippled economy, a hungry and malnourished people, and a second-rate country. Although many rapidly spreading livestock diseases have been eradicated from the United States, and Montana, disease still reduces livestock and poultry production by 20%. This country has a rapidly expanding population. It is estimated that livestock producers will have to produce a third more food in 25 years--on the same acreage now used--to provide the same amount of food now being consumed. A nation's activities are limited by its food supply. Scientists say agriculture can supply the needed food which will be required in 50 years, but livestock dis- ease and parasite losses must be reduced. Constant vigilance must be maintained to prevent a rapidly spreading disease from decimating herds and flocks. There are approximately 100 animal diseases that can be transmitted to man. They can be transmitted by direct contact with infected animals, through in- sects, and through the handling and consumption of unwholesome meat, milk, and eggs. The increasing population of both man and animals, and rapid, far-flung transportation, materially increase the potential of contaminated and diseased animal food products, jeopardizing the health of an ever-increasing number of people. The activities of the Livestock Sanitary Board have been directed toward protecting the livestock industry from dangerous diseases, thereby protecting the important livestock economy of the state as well as a most important source of wholesome, nutritious food. By performing these functions, in addition to con- ducting meat inspection, dairy and milk inspection, the public health is protected at the same time from the ravages of livestock diseases transmissible to man. The completion of the new diagnostic laboratory, during the first part of 1961, will provide a long-needed, basic requirement in Montana to properly and accurately approach and control livestock diseases. The conversion of the old laboratory space into offices will not only relieve congested conditions but will provide for more efficient operation. The nation, as a whole, along with Montana, is facing a shortage of veterinarians. The schools in the United States are not graduating enough veter- inarians to meet the demands of the expanding human and livestock populations. The shortage is becoming critical in the fields of meat inspection, milk inspec- tion, and research. More colleges of veterinary medicine will have to be provided and the colleges now in existence will have to admit more qualifed students. We must not face the future with a lack of scientists with knowledge of the complex- ities of livestock diseases and their control. CATTLE DISEASES Veterinarians in Montana reported ^9 cattle diseases in 11,928 cattle on 4,678 ranches. This is an increase over last year of approximately 1,000 head of cattle and 700 ranches. With the cattle valued at $100 a head, this disease report would represent a possible economic loss of $1,192,800. Actinomycosis and Act i nobaci 1 los i s This year 1,856 cases were reported in cattle — 22 more than last year. The prompt detection, treatment, and isolation of the infected, discharging animal, would prevent a great waste caused by this often-neglected disease. Cleaning and disinfection of contaminated premises and equipment will aid in preventing the spread of this infection, which is transmissible toman. Anapl asmosis Ninety-one clinical cases of anaplasmosis were reported on 10 ranches. A total of 970 cattle were tested at the Veterinary Research Laboratory, Of these, Zk were reactors, ]h viere suspicious, and 17 were ant i -compl imentary. The reactors were located on nine ranches. This number of clinical cases is a three-fold in- crease over last year. Anaplasmosis was diagnosed in Big Horn, Carbon, Custer, Gallatin, Powder River, Ravalli, Rosebud, Chouteau, Hill, and Stillwater Counties. This disease was introduced into a large range area in Gallatin County during the spring of I960. It is believed that the probability of this county becoming an enzootic area was averted because the owner, upon the diagnosis of anaplasmosis, removed all of the recently introduced cattle to out-of-state feed lots for fattening and slaughter. This action undoubtedly prevented exposure of about nine Montana herds to this dis- ease. Anaplasmosis is definitely well established in southeastern, central, and north-central Montana. It is suspected that losses are many times those reported, Research work on this disease is advancing in many countries, particularly toward identification of the causative organism. Dr. Miadrag Ristic, of the University of Illinois, has presented evidence indicating the cause of the disease to be a Rickettsia, If the organism could be isolated, then real advances could be made in developing a safe immunizing agent. Eventually the disease will have to be con- trolled if livestockmen in the enzootic areas are to produce cattle profitably. Livestockmen must become aware of anaplasmosis in cattle. We recommend to the Board that cattlemen use caution in purchasing stock from infected herds. Infected recovered cattle can remain carriers all their life. Insect vector control should be practiced in infected herds to reduce intraherd transmission. Great care should be used during castration, dehorning, vaccination, and any type of mass surgery, to avoid transmitting the disease from one animal to another by surgical instruments. -3- I Anthrax For the second consecutive year, no cases of anthrax were reported. Areas in which anthrax has occurred in the past, particularly in eastern Montana, should be closely watched for outbreaks. Under Idea! moisture conditions, followed by hot weather, contaminated alkaline soil can create an environment for the an- thrax bacillus that will be dangerous to livestock in the area, Bacillary Hemoglobinuria (Redwater) The reported cases of redwater, since its introduction in 1939^ each year are as fol lows : 19^*0-52 23 cases per year (avg.) 1953-55 52 " II II II 1956 91 " 1957 ]k3 " 1958 2^+6 " 1959 270 " I960 58 " We believe the marked reduction is due to the fact that cases occurring in Lake and Sanders Counties were not reported. Brucel losis During the fiscal year 95^183 cattle were tested for brucellosis, reveal- ing 399 reactors -- an infection rate of 0.408%. This test was first used in 1932. A total of 10,456 ABR (milk ring) tests were made on milk and cream samples. Eighty-three samples were suspicious to the test, and were followed up with herd tests. The per cent of ABR tests that vyere suspicious is 0.79. There Was an increase in ABR tests and a reduction in the number of ABR suspicious re- sults from last year. The reduction of brucellosis-infected herds in 5^ Montana counties has been as fol lows: Fi rst area test July 1, 1957 July 1, 1958 July 1, 1959 July 1, i960 2,^3^ infected herds (7.96%) 666 " " (2.36%) 357 " " (1.2it%) 238 " " (0.92%) 135 " " (0.56%) The following table shows the progress of the bovine brucel los i s-eradi cation program by county in Montana: -k- COUNTY Beaverhead Broadvjater Daniels Dawson Deer Lodge Flathead Gal lati n Golden Val ley Grani te Hill Jefferson Judi th Bas i n Liberty McCone Mi neral Missoul a Musselshel 1 Petroleum Roosevel t Sanders Silver Bow Toole Valley HERDS INIT INFECTED lAL TEST No. 75 5k 18 3k 26 30 62 2k 28 31 32 59 7 17 3 60 27 27 50 k7 8 13 33 Per Cent 18.7 23.6 5.9 5.3 2i+.7 2.6 e.k 12.1 16.3 6.1 13.6 12.6 k.2 3.6 k.3 10.3 9.0 19.1 S.k 7.k 8.7 k.e k.k HERDS INFECTED JUNE 30, I960 No. Per Cent None None Carter Cascade Lewis and Clark Lincoln Park Phi Hips Prai rie Raval 1 i Sweet Grass Wheatl and 3k ]kO 67 15 50 30 30 35 56 17 7.9 13.9 17.1 5.3 10.6 /4.8 11.9 3.2 12.1 12.3 0.20 0.09 0.20 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.30 0.G9 0.20 0.70 Fal Ion Garfield Lake Meagher Pondera Powe 1 1 Sti 1 Iwater Wibaux 18 27 105 5^* 36 51 52 23 5.3 7.5 7.8 3^.3 6. if 17. if 7.1 B.k 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0.60 0.50 0.10 1.20 1.70 0.50 0.20 0.20 HERDS INFECTED HERDS INFECTED COUNTY INITIAL TEST JUNE 30. I960 No. Per Cent No. Per Cent Carbon 149 13.9 3 0.20 Chouteau 35 5.2 3 OM Richland 46 3.9 3 0.30 Blaine 30 4.6 k 0.60 Madison 87 14.2 4 0.60 Sheridan 23 3.7 4 0.60 Teton 35 5.2 4 0.60 Yellowstone 91 7.7 4 O.30 Treasure 26 15.8 5 3.00 ^Rosebud • 39 3.9 9 2.10 Glacier 88 17.7 10 2.00 Fergus 106 10.7 14 1.40 *Big Horn 91 13.2 21 3.00 I'wVCuster ? ? 'W-Powder River ? ? *Area test not completed VnV No eradication program Twenty-three counties have no knovjn brucellosis-infected herds. These same counties had 706 brucellosis-infected herds, varying from 24.7% herd infec- tion to 2.6%. The number of counties with no known brucellosis-infected herds is II more than last year. The following table shows comparative numbers of calves officially vac- cinated against brucellosis in fiscal years 1959 and I96O by counties. Calves Vaccinated Calves Vaccinated County Fiscal Year 1959 Fiscal Year I960 Percentaqe Beaverhead 20,373 23,554 15.61 Increase Big Horn 16,847 14,124 16.16 Decrease Blaine 9,439 8,421 10.79 Broadwater 4,400 2,571 41.56 Carbon 8,986 2,945 67.22 Carter 4,288 3,945 8.00 Cascade 9.687 5,645 41.71 Chouteau 7,261 2,600 64.19 Custer 10,562 7,719 26.93 Daniel s 572 181 68.35 Caws on 2,669 1,486 44.32 Deer Lodge 1,478 477 67.73 Fal Ion 3,029 1,927 36.38 Fergus 10,316 9,630 6.64 Flathead 1,467 1,054 28.15 Calves Vaccinated Calves Vaccinated County Fiscal Year 1959 Fiscal Year I960 Percentage Gal latin 9,313 6,548 29.68 Decrease Garfield 3,836 4,013 4.61 ncrease Glacier 3,^75 3,149 9.38 Decrease Golden Val ley 2,738 2,670 2.48 ' Grani te ^,704 4,032 14.28 ' Hill 3,133 2,181 30.38 ' Jefferson 3,521 1,590 54.85 ' Judith Basin 7,660 3,590 53.13 ' Lake 5,795 3,882 33.01 ' Lewis and Clark 5,921 4,174 29.55 ' Liberty 1,871 1,312 29.87 ' Li ncoln 7^+6 563 24.53 ' Madison 10,060 4,387 56.39 ' McCone 1,699 1,305 23.19 • Meagher 6,672 4,821 27.74 ' Mineral 23^ 47 79.70 ' Missoula 3,l6if 734 76.80 ' Musselshel 1 3,910 3,564 8.84 ' Park 6,067 2,529 58.31 ' Petroleum 2,319 2,476 6.77 ncrease Phillips 8,9^1 6,240 30.20 [ )ecrea5e Pondera 2,31^ 1,402 38.98 • Powder River 6,896 6,612 4.11 • Powel 1 7,179 6,732 6.22 ' Prai rie 3,398 2,146 36.84 • Raval 1 i 8,061 3,198 60.32 ' Richland 2,935 2,007 31.61 ' Roosevelt 1,301 1,159 10.14 ' Rosebud 8,129 6,906 15.04 ' Sanders 2,it52 1,822 25.69 ' Sheridan 892 422 52.69 " Silver Bow 1,077 251 76.69 " Sti 1 Iwater 6,413 3,800 40.76 ' 1 Sweet Grass 6,621 4,480 32.33 " Teton 3,871 3,087 20.25 ' 1 Toole 2,202 1,582 28.15 ' 1 Treasure 2,659 3,175 19.40 ' 1 Valley 5,560 6,283 13.00 Increase Wheat! and 5,389 4,633 14.02 [ )ecrease Wibaux 1,1^3 646 43.48 ' 1 Yel lows tone 8,S2C 4,614 46.47 " TOTAL 29^,265 215,043 26.24 DECREASE Brucellosis vaccination of all replacement heifer calves is a very im- portant part of the overall brucellosis-eradication program. The Board continues to urge calfhood vaccination. -7- It should be pointed out that the entire brucellosis-eradication program has been carried out without paying indemnity on infected cattle. This past year, due to a reduction in federal funds^ the calfhood brucellosis vacci nat ion -program was carried on at the owner's expense. We do not believe any other state in the Union is carrying the brucellosis-eradication program with a smaller expenditure of public funds. We believe Montana cattlemen should be proud of this accomplish- ment. For the past two years the Animal Disease Eradication Division, Agri- cultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, has made arrangements to supply backtags to 11 western states using a code number that will not be in conflict between states. They have arranged with packing houses through the United States to collect blood samples from backtagged cattle, arranged to test the samples in approved laboratories in the state in which the sample is collected, and arranged to report the test results to the state of origin of the cattle. Fol- lowing completion of these arrangements, an all-out effort is being made to estab- lish the backtagging program in the range and semi range areas in Montana. This plan of testing originated in Montana and now has nation-wide acceptance as a method of recertifying modified brucellosis counties. It will make it possible to recertify counties without the expensive field tests. it will, also, more readily detect centers of brucellosis infection, thereby making eradication possible that much sooner. The backtagging program can also be used for reaccredi t i ng tubercu- losis modified counties, and conducting studies of livestock disease not heretofore possible. Twenty-two counties in Montana were recertified as modified brucellosis areas during the year-- 17 more than last year. With the present low brucellosis infection rate--ba5ed on 95,000 tests this past year--of 0.hCS%, it is well to reflect the brucellosis picture when the Livestock Sanitary Board first tested cattle for brucellosis in 1933- The records show that 1^ people in Missoula contracted undulant fever in a six-month period, in response to public health demands, the Board proposed and carried out a brucel- losis-testing program of cattle in the Missoula area; the results of the tests were reported in March of 1933. There were 1,5^6 cattle tested in 89 herds; 35% of the cattle were found infected and 73% of the herds tested contained brucel- losis-infected animals. This was a common picture of brucellosis in cattle in all areas of Montana, This can happen again to the detriment of the cattle owner and public health if the disease is not controlled and completely eradicated from each infected herd. Based upon the program in Montana, other states, and several other coun- tries— bovine brucellosis can be eradicated. V\/hen an evil disease such as brucel- losis— that endangers livestock and human health — can be eliminated, it is incon- ceivable that any one would resist a proven successful eradication program. It would seem every livestock owner would use every scientific tool available to prove to himself, as often as necessary, that his cattle did not harbor a danger to him- self, the livestock industry, and human health. We recommend to the Livestock Sanitary Board that the Montana livestock industry be informed that it is most important that Montana become a modified brucellosis-free state and then a completely brucellosis-free state, as soon as possible. We believe it is urgent. Seven of the 11 western states are now modi- f ied-certi f led brucellosis areas. Montana is an exporting state. There can be no doubt that the United States will eradicate bovine brucellosis. It will become increasingly more difficult to market cattle, not only from the two counties in Montana not now certified, or the two counties that do not have an area eradication program, but the entire state. We do not think it right that so few in the state should jeopardize the marketability of the entire cattle industry in Montana, particularly when the industry has had the reputation for many years of marketing only proven healthy, vigorous cattle. V/e believe it is the duty of the Board to advise the cattle industry we simply cannot afford not to eradicate bovine brucellosis from the entire state. Cancer Eye (Epithelioma) The number of reported cases of cattle with cancer eye continues to in- crease each year. This past year, 1,625 cases were reported--121 more than last year. The potential value, at $150 a head, of 1,625 cows is $2^3^750. Many cattle with cancer eye are of no value, many will bring only $5; $10, or $20 a head — 1,625 at $20 a head equals $32,500, or a loss of $211,200. This loss is increas- ing each year. We again recommend that the cattle industry apply all knowledge avail- able, and practice selective breeding, to reduce this increasing loss to their in- dustry. Cocci di OS is The number of reported cases of coccidiosis in cattle was 1,230 on 2^3 ranches. This gives an indication that the disease is still widespread in Montana and exacts considerable loss. The number of cases reported each year is becoming less, which would indicate management practices in handling weaner calves are im- proving. Too, the last few years there have not been as severe winter storms at, or following the weaning period. Although coccidiosis in cattle is reported every month of the year, the preponderance of cases are reported between the months of September and February, Foot Rot Foot rot was reported in 383 cattle on 136 ranches. Grass Tetany Only 13 cases of grass tetany were reported on seven ranches this year, which is a marked reduction from the past year. Climatic conditions affecting the early spring growth of range vegetation seem to be a factor influencing the inci- dence of grass tetany. The spring of i960 was slow and early fast growth of range -9- grasses did not occur. When there is an early warm spring, with an early luxuri- ant growth of vegetation, the incidence of grass tetany is much higher. Leptospi rosi s The number of cases of leptospi ros i s reported during the fiscal year was 150 on 67 ranches. We believe the reduction in 1 eptospi ros i s from last year is primarily due to the adoption of vaccination programs whenever the disease appears. Over the past eight years, leptospi ros i s in cattle has been diagnosed in practical- ly every county in the state. Photosens i t i zat i on in May and June, I960, l62 cases of photosens i ti zat ion in cattle were re- ported on 20 ranches. Practically all cases were on ranches in eastern Montana. This sudden increase was most serious on some ranches. If the same conditions ap- pear next spring, it is recommended that intensive studies be made to determine the reasons for the increased incidence in this area. In the ruminant digestive tract, chlorophyll is normally converted to phyl lo-erythrin, Phyl lo-erythri n is an active photosensitizing agent. Phyllo- erythrin is normally removed from the body by the liver and is eliminated in the bile. Certain plants, however, cause a liver derangement in which excretion both of bile pigments and phyl lo-erythri n, is depressed, with consequent photo- sens i ti zat i on. Clovers, and members of the St. Johnswort family of plants, are most often incriminated in photosensi t ization of cattle. Phenothi azi ne adminis- tration to young cattle may also result in photosensi ti zat ion. It is suspected that other plants and chemicals may also be responsible. If this condition con- tinues to increase in Montana, we must find the plant or plants, or possibly the chemical, responsible for the condition. Nitrate Poisoning As reported by veterinarians, 200 cattle were lost on 16 ranches from nitrate poisoning. There were, no doubt, many more cases that were not reported. Certain plants grown on soils containing an excess of nitrates may take up sufficient nitrates to render them toxic to animals. Environmental conditions, when unfavorable to plant growth, may result in many weeds (Webb, 1952, lists 55 species), oat, barley, wheat, and rye hay, containing dangerous amounts of nitrates. Oat hay is the most common source of nitrate poisoning in Montana. It is recommended that samples of oat hay be submitted to the Livestock Sanitary Board laboratories, to determine the nitrate content, before such hay is fed to cattle. Chemical analysis reports will show whether the hay is safe to feed to animals. One hundred and thirteen hay samples were analyzed for nitrate content during the year. Of these, 45 had a nitrate content of over 0.5%, 22 over 0.75%, 10 over 1%, and k samples over 1.5%. -10- Pulmonary Emphysema (Asthma) Two hundred and sixty-four cases of "asthma" in cattle were reported on 135 ranches. As reported previously, there is very little known about the cause and prevention of this dramatic condition in cattle. We are pleased that the Montana Veterinary Research Laboratory has done preliminary investigative work and plans to establish full-time research on this disease by the fall of 1S60. It has been conservatively estimated that pulmonary emphysema has caused a $2 million loss to Montana cattlemen the past 25 years. The research project warrants the backing and encouragement of the cattle industry. Rhi notrachei ti s One hundred and thirty-nine cases were reported on 21 ranches. Rhino- tracheitis (red nose) is primarily a disease of feed-lot cattle. The disease can be prevented by vaccination. With the increased feeding of cattle in Montana, we can expect an in- crease in cattle diseases peculiar to feed-lot operations. The potential for seri- ous losses in feed lots is great. Therefore, we urge that every feed-lot operator engage the services of a veterinarian to establish and maintain a rigid livestock disease-prevention program. Vaccination against rhinotrachei tis should be included in such a program for feed-lot cattle. Scabies We are most happy to report that Montana continues to remain free of cattle scabies. Scabies was found in a large feed lot in Colorado which contained quite a large number of Montana cattle, mixed with cattle from several other states. Some of the i'iontana cattle were affected with scabies. This necessitated tracing back and inspecting the cattle in the herds of origin of ail cattle in the infect- ed pens of the Colorado feed lot. It was found the Montana cattle originated from 90 different Montana ranches. Cattle on all these ranches were carefully in- spected and no scabies was found. In all, 27,C63 cattle were inspected on ]2k ranches. The results of these inspections immediately removed the threat of dip- ping requirements imposed on exported Montana cattle. The States of Wyoming and Idaho both experienced serious outbreaks of scabies this past year with the resulting dipping embargoes placed on cattle moving from those states, V.'e are pleased to report that, through the immediate action of the livestock industry and their disease-control officials in both states, scabies has been eradicated from Wyoming and Idaho, thus removing the threat to Montana cattle. •11 Shipping Fever There were more reported cases of shipping fever this year than any other disease of cattle. A total of 3^869 cattle on 30^ ranches was reported. Manage- ment of calves in the fall and winter, climatic conditions, the stress of transpor- tation, and change, are all important factors in predisposing young cattle to ship- ping fever. All these factors must be taken into consideration and dealt with to reduce the incidence of this disease, Tuberculos i s The tuberculin test was applied to 6,7^3 dairy cattle and 13, 086 beef cattle. Fourteen dairy cattle and 8 beef cattle were reactors to the test, or 0.11%, Tuberculous lesions were not found in any of the reactors on post-mortem examination. Thirteen counties were reaccredited as modified tuberculosis-free areas during the year. Twenty-four counties are past due for reaccredi tat ion. It is important that Montana maintain the tuberculosis-accredited status of all its counties. Failure to do so would require exported cattle to be tested, thus add- ing to the expense of marketing. The United States Department of Agriculture, in cooperation with Michigan State University, has started an extensive research project to determine the cause of cattle, not showing tuberculous lesions, reacting to the tuberculin test. The results should be of material help in finally eradicating the disease. Every effort is being made to obtain procedures that will be recognized throughout the United States for locating foci of tuberculosis in cattle, without testing large numbers of tuberculosis-free cattle as required by present reaccred- itation procedures. The brucel los i s-backtaggi ng program provides a method of identifying cattle at slaughter, found to be free from tuberculosis, which can be used for reaccredi tat ion purposes. Most important, it will utilize the meat in- spection service in tracing tuberculosis-infected cattle to the ranch of origin. Once this is done, a concentrated effort can be made, by use of the test, to elimi- nate the infection from the potentially dangerous herd. Such a procedure would materially reduce the required field testing of large numbers of cattle for re- accreditation purposes. Urolithiasis (Water Belly) The number of cases of urolithiasis reported for the year was 669, on 512 ranches. This serious, widespread problem continues to exact quite an economic loss. The problem is complicated, but a review of the research work being done at the Veterinary Research Laboratory, at Montana State College, shows excellent progress is being made to understand how and why the concretions occur. We believe if the findings of the Veterinary Research Laboratory, to date, could be applied on -12- every ranch^ a marked reduction in the incidence of wat^r belly would result. V i b r i OS i s Vibriosis in cattle was reported in ^9 head in 12 herds. This disease was fairly well known in dairy herds. The past year indicates that it is well- established in beef herds in several areas of Montana — much more so than indicated by the reported cases. The causative organism is difficult to obtain from usual field specimens that can be collected. Therefore, confirmation of field diagnosis is di ff i cul t. Although serious, the loss of premature calves frcm vibriosis is not the principal concern. The real problem is the resultant infertility in cows, which most seriously interferes with breeding and calving programs. Satisfactory methods of control and prevention of vibriosis in range herds will have to be determined to cope with this increasingly serious problem. White Muscle Disease Eighty-eight cases on 5' ranches were reported this year. This is a marked reduction over last year. V/e would like to believe that the use of the feeding recommendations, made as a result of research findings of the Montana Veterinary Research Laboratory, is responsible for this lowered incidence. Other Cattle Diseases The other cattle diseases reported during the year are listed in the Montana Veterinarians' Disease Report of this annual report. •13- SHEEP DISEASES This past year, 26 diseases were reported in 21,05^ sheep on 263 ranches. We wish to call to your attention the following diseases: Cocci di OS is Coccidiosis was reported in 5^519 sheep on 12 premises. This is a seri- ous disease of feeder lambs. Management practices of moving lambs from range to feed lots play a most important role in preventing outbreaks of coccidiosis. These practices have been determined by workers at the Veterinary Research Laboratory a number of years ago. We recommend that lamb feeders review these recommendations. Contagious Ecthyma (Sore Mouth) The reported 7^571 cases of this disease on Sk ranches is a marked in- crease over last year. Contagious ecthyma can be prevented by proper vaccination of lambs. In areas where the disease has occurred, it is recommended that vacci- nation be practiced in the spring to avoid outbreaks in fall lambs. There were some indications that vaccination was not preventing serious outbreaks. We hope ranchers vn 1 i give the Board early reports on such outbreaks to enable staff members to investigate, and, if possible, determine the cause. Perhaps the vaccine is not protecting against present field strains of the virus. The vaccination should be done exactly as directed, with fresh, properly handled vacci ne. It should be kept in mind, when vaccinating or working with infected animals, that the disease is transmissible to man and proper precautions should be taken. Enterotoxemia The number of reported cases remains about the same each year. This year kU\ cases were reported on 79 ranches. The only method of prevention known is vaccination of the lambs or vaccination of the ewes before lambing. Foot Rot This year foot rot was reported on twice as many farms as last year. The 1,366 cases on h] farms were all in small farm flocks in western Montana. No cases were reported in large range flocks. It is again recommended that a systematic inspection of farm flocks in western Montana be established, followed by an eradication program in all infected flocks. The disease can be eliminated. •\k- Internal Parasites There were 2,330 cases of parasitized sheep in four flocks. We are cer- tain this report does not reflect the internal -parasi te problem in Montana sheep. The Veterinary Research Laboratory has published a booklet, Circular 22^+, on internal parasites of sheep. Vie urge all sheepmen to get a copy of this book- let. It will give valuable information on diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of internal parasites in sheep. Pediculosis (Louse Infestation) There were one-half as many sheep (3,560) on one-third as many ranches (7) reported to be infested with lice this fiscal year as last year. All sheep reported to have been infected with lice were dipped. We believe the presence of the Livestock Sanitary Board regulations in Chapter II, requiring the quarantining and dipping of iouse-i nfested sheep, do much to prevent louse Infestation from becoming a real problem in Montana. Scabies Since Montana sheepmen eradicated scabies from their flocks in 1919, no cases of scabies have been reported in the state. That is ^1 years of freedom ('■nm this scourge. The Board and Montana sheepmen must continue to be alert to prevent the introduction of sheep scabies from other parts of the United States. Scrapie Last year a preliminary report was given that at least 12 Montana flocks of sheep were exposed to scrapie from an outbreak In Wyoming. Due to the nature of the disease and the extreme danger that scrapie would become enzootic in Montana, it was considered advisable, after consultation with representatives of the sheep industry, to take measures to eliminate all possible exposed sheep. This resulted in appraising, sending to slaughter or to confined feed lots and then to slaughter, all exposed sheep and their progeny. The indemnity payments of the Livestock Sanitary Board will amount to $11,129. The Animal Disease Eradi- cation Division, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, cooperated on the program by paying an equal amount of indemnity. We believe this action may have saved the Montana sheep industry great loss; had scrapie become established, the cost would have been high. On July 23, 1959, Governor Aronson issued a proclamation prohibiting the importation of Canadian sheep in order to prevent the Introduction of scrapie- infested or exposed sheep. Following the issuance of the proclamation, the U. S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service revised United States import requirements on sheep, and Canadian livestock disease-control officials -15- revised their scrapie-eradication program. With these revisions, the possibility of importing scrap ie-exposed or scrapie-i nfested sheep from Canada became remote, and on January 3^ I960, Governor Aronson rescinded the proclamation. Vibriosi s The report of 39 cases of vibriosis in 11 flocks, and 8 positive labora- tory isolations of the causative organism, would indicate the problem, overall, was not too serious this fiscal year. Viithin the year, for the first time, a commercially prepared vibriosis vaccine has become available. The Veterinary Research Laboratory is planning field control studies to evaluate the efficacy of vaccine. ■16- SWINE DISEASES A total of 15 diseases in 1,979 swine on 1 50 premises was reported this year. Meetings with the Montana Swine Growers' Association this past year result- ed in that membership requesting the Livestock Sanitary Board to give every assist- ance to prevent the spread and introduction of dangerous swine diseases in an in- dustry that will be growing in Montana. Atrophic Rhinitis Reports were received of 72 cases on 7 premises during the year. The Montana Swine Growers expressed concern in regard to this disease. They requested that the Board use its authority to prevent the movement of infected hogs into breeding herds, Brucel losis Brucellosis has never been a widespread problem in swine in Montana. Outbreaks have resulted in immediate action to prevent its dissemination. It is sincerely hoped swine producers will take no chances on introducing the disease into their herds. It is economically impossible to live with brucellosis in swine. This brucellosis organism is reportedly more dangerous to human health than the brucellosis organism commonly associated with bovine brucellosis. The swine producers have requested the Livestock Sanitary Board to es- tablish procedures whereby the Board can certify brucellosis-free swine herds. The scientific information and the best procedures available have been assembled and formulated into a regulation. The proposed regulation whereby a swine pro- ducer may, if he desires, establish a Livestock Sanitary Board certified brucel- losis-free herd, has been submitted to the swine industry. If it is approved, the regulation will be adopted by the Livestock Sanitary Board. Erys i pel as The ubiquitous erysipelas bacteria causes the foremost swine disease problem in Montana, according to veterinarians' reports. There were l,l6l cases reported on IO8 ranches. Vaccination will prevent the problem and antibiotics are effective in treating affected swine. Hog Cholera About 15 or 20 years ago it was not unusual to have about 50 outbreaks of hog cholera reported each year. The last few years there have been no outbreaks, or only one or two, reported each year. The one outbreak reported this year wiped out the entire swine population on the ranch--l4 head. With the prohibition of the use of virulent virus vaccination, and the enforcement of the garbage-cooking law, hog cholera is practically nonexistent in Montana. We are certain that if the swine industry and the Livestock Sanitary Board will take every measure possible to rigidly confine every outbreak and ex- tirpate the disease with dispatch wherever it appears, this extreme threat to the swine industry will never again become established in Montana. -17- Baby Pig Diseases Although there are only scanty indications that the diseases of newborn pigs are a problem on some ranches, we wish to recommend that swine owners give every possible attention to preventing this group of diseases in Montana. Such diseases are disastrously costly to swine breeders and strict attention to manage- ment and sanitation must be followed if they are to be avoided. •18- HORSE DISEASES A total of 12 diseases, in 1,100 horses on 227 ranches, was reported this year. This is an increase of twice as many as last year. Pi stemper Montana veterinarians reported 1,051 cases on 411 ranches. This is a twofold increase over last year. Over three-fourths of the cases were reported during the summer months. We would say this disease is a "social disease" of horses. It is during the summer that horses are traveling to rodeos, fairs, posse rides, etc., where they meet a lot of other horses, but during the winter they stay home. The horses also drink out of common troughs, use the stables of other horses, etc., during the summer, which results in an increase in horse distemper. Early detection and prompt treatment is very effective. Sanitation and management will do much to prevent the infection. Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness) There were 33 cases on 30 ranches reported this past year. This is an increase of 10 cases over last year. Owners should practice annual vaccination of their horses to prevent this disease from increasing. Vihen the new diagnostic laboratory becomes available, the Livestock Sani- tary Board should continually run tests to determine the type of encephalomyelitis occurring in Montana. This has an important public health significance. It is also most important that horse owners know if any type of equine encephalomyelitis appears in Montana other than the Western strain of the virus. Vaccination against the VJestern strain will not protect against the Eastern, St. Louis, Venezuelan, and other strains. -19- J DOG DISEASES Leptospl rosis Canine leptospi rosis was reported in 2^3 dogs this past year. This is an increase of k7 cases over last year. Canine leptospi rosis can be transmitted to man. Rabies We are again most relieved to report that no cases of rabies in dogs were reported this year. Rabies is enzootic in a vast majority of states, Jeopardizing the health of man and his animals. The Livestock Sanitary Board spends a lot of time pre- venting the introduction of rabies through imported dogs coming into Montana, If people would realize just how dreadful and fatal is a case of rabies in man or animal, we believe we would receive much more cooperation in our attempt to keep this disease out of Montana, If rabies is introduced into the wildlife population, we can expect losses in cattle and sheep, and, we can expect toss of human life. The Livestock Sanitary Board examined and made tests on 53 brains sub- mitted from a wide variety of domestic and wild animals that had either bitten a person or were suspected of having rabies. All touch smears were negative to Negri bodies, and all subsequent mouse inoculations proved the brain tissues to be negative to rabies. If rabies were endemic in Montana, the laboratory work and expense would increase many times. The Board must exert every effort to keep rabies out of Montana. -20- POULTRY DISEASES Eight poultry diseases were reported in 10,035 birds on 27 premises. With the exception of the report of a Newcastle disease outbreak, we are certain these reports do not reflect the overall picture of poultry disease in Montana. We believe the proper control and investigation of poultry diseases in Montana has long been neglected and misdirected. For a good many years the Livestock Sanitary Board received only $5,000 a year for poultry disease-control work. The entire sum has been used, along with funds appropriated to the Poultry Improvement Board, to maintain the important pul lorum-test i ng program. No funds were left for any other poultry disease-control or investigational work. The old Livestock Sanitary Board laboratories have not had facilities or equipment to meet the challenge of the many virus diseases in poultry. Due to the lack of funds, qualified professional help was not available to investigate, plan and coordinate poultry disease control and loss prevention. The last legislature increased the annual appropriation to the poultry disease-control division to $12,865 to carry on the pullorum disease-control work and employ a wel 1 -qual i f led veterinarian to do the poultry disease-control work. Due to the shortage of experienced veterinarians in this field, and the salary that could be offered, the position was not filled. V/e believe this position will be filled in the fall of I960, The new diagnostic laboratory under construction, when completed, will provide adequate facilities to accurately diagnose poultry diseases. We believe another reason the poultry disease problem is not being properly controlled is due to the industry seeking and obtaining advice on seri- ous, hard-to-di agnose problems from people v/ith no scientific or veterinary medi- cal training whatsoever. The advice they frequently receive is erroneous and proves to be very costly to the industry. We believe the attempts to control poultry diseases in Montana is mis- directed. The small amount of money that is available is divided between two state agencies, with its double administrative overhead, thus making it impossible for either to do an effective job, or for either to obtain qualified professional per- sonnel to scientifically and accurately approach the disease problems of poultry. V/e recommend these thoughts and observations to the Livestock Sanitary Board for their consideration. The overall poultry industry is a multimillion dollar industry. Poultry diseases are causing ever-increasing threats and losses. Newcastle Disease Toward the end of the fiscal year (in May and June, I960), Newcastle disease was diagnosed in the Livestock Sanitary Board laboratory from specimens submitted from the Billings area. The disease was diagnosed in two large flocks and one small one. A total of 9,650 birds were reported affected, with a mortal- ity rate of 25%. The disease was immediately circumscribed, vaccination programs were recommended, and cleaning and disinfecting programs were inaugurated. Speci- mens were obtained for virus studies. A thorough investigation for a possible origin of the initial outbreal< in the small flocks failed. The outbreaks in the large flocks could be traced to the movement of people between flocks. The disease was brought under control by the middle of June, and there has been no further spread. Pul lorum With the cooperation of the Poultry Improvement Board, all breeding flocks supplying hatching eggs were tested for pul lorum-typhoi d. Only those found to be "pul lorum-typhoid clean" sold hatching eggs to Montana hatcheries. A total of 31,5^3 chickens were negative and 157 were positive to the pul lorum-typhoi d test. Thirty-two chickens submitted for laboratory examination were found to be infected with Salmonella pul lorum. All isolations from reactor birds were sub- mitted to the Communicable Disease Center, at Atlanta, Georgia, for typing. All were found to be Salmonella pul lorum Type XI U. ■22- LIVESTOCK MARKETS The number of animals inspected at livestock markets within the state increased materially over last year, A deputy state veterinarian is assigned to each market to inspect all livestock brought to the market and offered for sale. Many diseased animals are detected, and handled according to regulations, to pre- vent dissemination of the disease to other ranches. The sanitary requirements of the yards and yard operation are enforced. The cooperation of the Montana livestock market operators in preventing dissemination of livestock diseases continues to be excellent. Livestock inspected at markets were; 1958-59 1959-60 Cattle 57^,016 702,8^*6 Sheep 215,279 27^,563 Horses 3,256 10,611 Swine 50.2ti9 62,271 TOTAL 8ij2,800 1,050,291 •23- LIVESTOCK IMPORTS All serious livestock diseases Montana has, or has had, were introduced through imported livestocl<. It is the responsibility of the Board to prevent the introduction of livestock diseases in Montana. V.'ith our modern, rapid trans- portation, this poses a serious problem. To be successful will require the whole- hearted cooperation of the livestock industry and the veterinary medical profession. Often, commonsense precautions or following a simple import regulation will avoid the introduction of a most serious disease, with its economic waste. A summary of livestock imports the past four years is as follows: Cattle Horses Sheep Swine Dogs TOTAL 133,282 179,819 2i9,31^ 152,896 A table showing all livestock imports and states of origin for the fiscal year is on the next page. 1956-57 1957-58 1958-59 1959-60 3^,288 68,it8l 7S,k2k 62,477 1,030 1,397 1,888 2,078 73,701 83,077 117,905 73,926 23,687 26,288 20,524 13,831 576 576 573 534 I 1 I -24- Compilation Montana Livestock Sanitary Board Report of Importations July 1, 1959-June 30, I960 STATE ce: HEALTH ;rtificates TEST CHARTS HORSES CATTLE SHEEP HC TC SV/INE DOGS Canada 297 Alaska 12 Arizona 12 Arkansas 9 California 93 Colorado 118 Connecticut Florida 4 Guam 1 Idaho 282 Illinois 21 Indiana 5 Iowa 35 Kansas 11 Kentucky 5 Louisiana 4 Massachusetts Michigan 7 Minnesota 55 Mississippi 1 Missouri 13 Nebraska 135 Nevada 6 New Jersey 1 New Mexico 16 New York 1 North Carolina 1 North Dakota 362 Ohio 17 Oklahoma 9 Oregon 133 Pennsylvania 1 South Carolina 1 South Dakota 138 Tennessee 3 Texas 37 Utah 80 Virginia Washington 289 Vifest Virginia 1 V/isconsin 23 Wyoming 340 255 963 2981 9127 22 297 2 14 2 74 1 2417 50 5 9 12 79 701 56 50-"- 11 72 31 44 724 271 16 3 17 1 1 149 8 2 2 10 74 9816 17 10371* 31 18 1-;hc- 11 20 5 6 8 8 2 3 78 29 15 91 17 23 26 35 7 7 17 124 7 3 2 1 1 2 7 25 30 158 218 25 468 35 1 1 1 7 9 27 8 8 21 20 546 192 2 8961 51 1 27 82 6 2 2 3600 8 1 2 10 536 10 1 2 1 88 83 5062 446 6822 3432 19 4 2 10 46 1 15 2 27 3 2 2 4 4 21 2553 21 8393 44 3 30 1 1 27 59 2712 113 9469 485 10 1 1 1 2 9 22 3795 324 15 1 70 979 3 63 13 2 25 41 141 3379 124 30662 28 134 1 25 6 246 310 10 126 235 9598 707 8030 106 12 TOTALS: 2579 834 2078- 50090 12387 73926-"- 13831 584 ■5S- Includes 52 goats ■K-«-Burro ■25- OFFICIAL ANIMAL INSPECTIONS July 1, 1959 - June 30. I960 The following animal inspections were made by employees of the Livestock Sanitary Board in the course of their routine work and investigations during the year. (The number tested for brucellosis is recorded in the Bacteriologist's Report.) HORSES Inspected for interstate shipment 2,071 Inspected at markets 10,611 Miscellaneous 2^0 TOTAL 12,922 CATTLE Dairy cattle tested for tuberculosis 3^972 Reactors 1^+ Range cattle tested for tuberculosis 13^078 Reactors 8 Accredited tuberculosis-free herds tested 2 Cattle in accredited tuberculosis-free herds tested 320 Reactors 0 Tuberculin tested for interstate shipment 2,263 Inspected at destination 83 Tuberculin tested at destination 391 Inspected for interstate shipment 568, ^ilO Inspected at markets 702,846 Miscellaneous inspections 39,230 TOTAL 1,330,593 SHEEP Inspected for interstate shipment 500,083 Inspected at markets 27^,563 Miscellaneous inspections 49>958 TOTAL 824, 60^+ SWINE Inspected for interstate shipment 1,7^5 Inspected at markets 64,271 Miscellaneous inspections 5>876 TOTAL 71,892 POULTRY Tested for pul lorum-typhoid 97,706 Miscellaneous inspections 72, 766 TOTAL 170,472 DOGS Inspected for interstate shipment 1,129 Miscellaneous inspections 4__ TOTAL 1,133 GRAND TOTAL 2,411, 6l6 -26- MONTANA VETERINARIANS' DISEASE REPORT CATTLE Acti nomycosis-baci 1 los is Anapl asmosi s Aphosphorosi s Avitaminosis A Bacillary hemoglobinuria Bl ackleg Botul ism Cancer eye Cocci di OS i s Diphtheri a Earticks, Spinose Encephal i tis Enter! ti s Enterotoxemi a Foot rot Grass tetany Helminthi as i s Hyperkeratos is Infectious keratitis Johne's disease Leptospi rosis Listerios is Lymphocytic leukemia Malignant catarrhal fever Mai ignant edema Mandibular phlegmon Mastitis Mucosal disease Mycotic stomatitis Photosensi t izati on Pneumoni a Pododermati tis Poisons: Arsenic Forage Insecticide Lead Locoweed Nitrate Salt Sweet clover Weed spray Pulmonary emphysema Rhi notrachei tis Ringworm Shipping fever Tetanus Urol i thias is Vesicular vagi ni ti s Vibriosis White muscle disease Total July 1, 1959 - June 30, I960 Cases Herds SHEEP 1,856 1,453 •'^Abortion (E. f reundi i 91 10 Black disease k 2 Coccidiosis k] 9 Contagious ecthyma 58 50 Enterotoxemi a 81 57 Erysipelas 3 1 Foot rot 1,625 1,297 Helmi nthi asi s 1,230 243 Infectious keratitis 78 45 Lip-and-leg ulceration 15 2 Listeriosis 3 3 Lungworms 107 40 Pediculosis ko 13 Pneumoni a 383 136 Posthitis 13 7 Pregnancy disease 250 1 Tetanus k 1 Urol ithiasis 212 25 Vibriosis k 1 White muscle disease 150 67 Total 6 5 1 1 SWINE 5 5 Atrophic rhinitis 25 16 Avi tami nos i s 2k 24 Brucel losis 1 1 Cholera 23 15 Erysipelas 5 5 "Greasy pig" disease 162 20 Inf 1 uenza ^8 32 Leptospi rosis 46 13 Necrotic enteritis 5 2 Parakeratosis 11 8 Pneumoni a 7 2 Salmonel losis 1 Sarcoptic mange 1 Tetanus 200 16 Vi rus pneumoni a 2 Total 2 1 HORSES 26^+ 135 Di stemper 139 1 21 Encephal omyel i tis Infectious anemia 1 Influenza 3,869 304 Leptospi rosis 15 6 Mastitis 669 512 Navel ill 10 3 Photosensi tization 49 12 Poison: Locoweed • -* 88 51 Purapura hemorrhagica Tetanus 11,928 4,678 -27- Urol i thiasis Total Cases Herds 11 1 23 7 5,519 12 7,571 64 441 79 1 1 1,366 41 2,330 4 20 1 42 2 32 2 4 1 3,560 7 12 2 10 7 32 10 7 2 4 3 39 11 30 6 21,054 263 72 4 161 9 1 1 14 1 1,161 108 50 1 83 3 1 1 134 3 4 1 156 8 20 3 80 5 2 1 40 1 1,979 150 1,051 411 33 30 2 2 1 1 3 ] 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 1,100 455 DOGS Cases Herds Distemper 1,180 1,155 Demodectic mange 1 1 Infectious hepatitis 255 255 Leptospi rosis 2i+3 2^3 Uroi i thiasis 2 2 Total 1,681 1,656 POULTRY Blueccmb 2 2 Coccidiosis 35 2 Chronic respiratory d isease 2 1 Leukos i s 1 1 Lymphomatosis 10 5 Newcastle 9,650 3 Paracolon infection 125 1 Pul lorum disease • 93 8 Tuberculosis 117 k Total 10,035 27 GRAND TOTAL. . . . 47,777 7,229 "Diagnosed at the Rocky Mountain Laboratory, Hamilton, Montana. -28- REPORT OF TFffi BACTERIOLOGIST & PATHOLOGIST A. M. Jasmin, D.V.M. July 1, 1959 - June 30, I960 DIAGNOSES Abortion, mycotic Abscesses, mixed Actinobacillosis Arthritis, staphylococcic Arthritis, staphylococcic Aspergillosis Aspergillosis Blackhead Blackleg Brisket disease Brucellosis Cholera Cholera Coccidiosis Coccidiosis Coccidiosis Coccidiosis Distemper Enteritis, all types Enteritis, all types Enteritis, all types Enteritis, all types Enteritis, all types Enteritis, all types Enterotoxeraia, type unknovm Enterotoxemia, type unknown Enterotoxemia, Type C Enterotoxemia, Type D Erysipelas Erysipelas Fitness for food Flu Foot rot Gangrene Hepatic coccidiosis Hepatitis Hepatitis Hydrocephalus Infections, mixed Johne's disease Johne's disease Leptospirosis Leptospirosis Leptospirosis Leptospirosis Leptospirosis Leukosis Leukosis Leukosis SPECIES NUMBER Cattle 3 Various 6 Cattle 1 Cattle 1 Turkey 1 Chicken 1 Parakeet 1 Turkey 1 Cattle 2 Cattle 1 Swine 1 Swine 1 Parakeet 1 Cattle 7 Chickens 13 Rabbits 3 Sheep 4 Dogs 3 Canary 1 Cattle 74 Chinchilla 3 Mink 1 Sheep 2 Swine 6 Cattle 4 Sheep 1 Cattle d Sheep 12 Sheep 1 Swine 3 Various 17 Svdne 4 Cattle 1 Cattle 3 Rabbits 8 Dogs 9 Sheep 1 Dog 1 Various 30 Cattle 1 Sheep 1 Cattle 28 Deer 1 Dogs 12 Horses 2 Swine 7 Cattle 2 Chickens 19 Mallard duck 1 ■29- DIAGNOSES Listeriosis Listeriosis Malignant edema Malignant edema Malignant edema Meningitis Meningitis Metritis Mummification Muscular dystrophy Mycosis Navel ill Necrobacillosis Necrobacillosis Neoplasms Nephritis Nephritis None made Nutritional deficiencies Omphalitis Panleukopenia Parasites, fecal examinations Paratyphoid Paratyphoid Patent foramen ovale Peritonitis Peritonitis Phlegmon Pneumonia Pneumonia, Pasteurella Pseudotuberculosis Pseudoleukemia Pulmonary emphysema Pullorum Pyelonephritis Redwater Redwater Rhinitis Salmonellosis Salmonellosis Sarcosporidiosis Sarcosporidiosis Sarcosporidiosis Sarcosporidiosis Spirochetosis Tetanus Trauma Tuberculosis Tuberculosis Typhoid Unsatisfactory specimens Vaginitis SPECIES NUMBER Cattle 1 Sheep 2 Cattle 6 Horse 1 Sheep 1 Cattle 1 Deer 1 Cattle 1 Sheep 2 Cattle 1 Various 13 Cattle 1 Cattle 1 Sheep 1 Various 13 Cattle 1 Dog 1 Various 69 Chickens 11 Chickens 3 Cats 2 90 Chickens 2 Duck 1 Cattle 3 Cattle 1 Swine 1 Cattle 2 Various 12 Various 32 Deer 4 Cattle 2 Cattle 4 Chickens 27 Cattle 2 Cattle 4 Sheep 1 Swine 1 Cattle 1 Swine 10 Cattle 1 Deer 1 Mallard 1 Sheep 1 Chickens 9 Sheep 1 Various 14 Chi ckens 8 Swir^ 1 Chickens 3 Various 33 Cattle 1 ■30- DIAG?'OSES SPECIES MUMBER Viability of vaccines Various 15 Vibriosis Cattle 6 Vibriosis Sheep 8 i'fiscellaneous negative specimens 413 Identification of various specLmens 4 Rabies examinations (negative) Various 53 Antibiotic tests on various cultures 88 Total: 1,309 MTLK. CPE AM AND WATER ANALYSES POSI TIVE NEGATIVE SUSPICIOUS Milk samples, bacterial counts 1 ,214 14ilk samples, coliform dterminations 291 409 I'lill-: samples, mastitis determinations 298 175 Milk samples, penicillin determinations 1 389 Milk samples, antibiotic sensitivity tests 64 Milk samples, Q fever tests 14 330 Cream samples, bacterial counts 156 Cream samples, colifcrrn determinations 66 91 Cream samples, penicillin determinations 35 Vifater samples, bacterial counts 2 Water sam.ples, coliform determinations 5 1,434 Total: "2 ,106 SEROLOGICAL EXAIGNA TIGNS SPECIES Anemia, infectious Horses 3 5 Brucellosis Antelope 16 Brucellosis Big Kern sheep 3 Brucellosis Cat 1 Brucellosis Cattle 371 73,033 1,345 Brucellosis Deer 107 Brucellosis Dogs 10 Brucellosis EUc 38 Brucellosis Goats 5 Brucellosis Horses 2 37 1 Brucellosis Sheep 11 Brucellosis SiN^lne 19 282 6 Brucellosis, (urine) 1 Brucellosis, (vaginal drainage) 6 Brucellosis, (milk-whey) 1 2 Brucellosis, ABR milk test 2,077 37 Brucellosis, AER cream test 3,427 16 Chronic respiratory disease Cattle 2 1 Chronic respiratory disease Chickens 32 10 5 Chronic respiratory disease Ducks 2 Erysipelas Cattle 3 Erysipelas Horses 10 Erysipelas Sheep 1 Erysipelas Sv;ine 148 36 1 Erysipelas Turkey 1 ■31- DIAGNOSES SPECIES POSITI^'E NEGATIVE SUSPICIOUS Leptospirosis Leptospirosis Leptospirosis Leptospirosis Leptospirosis Leptospirosis Leptospirosis Leptospirosis Leptospirosis Leptospirosis Leptospirosis Leptospirosis, Leptospirosis, Newcastle (HI test) Paratyphoid Paratyphoid Pullorum Pullorum Q fever Redwater Redwater Redwater Redwater Redwater Tularemia Tularemia Tularemia Tularemia Tularemia Tularemia Tularemia Tularemia Typhimurium Typhimurium Typhimurium Typhimurium Typhimurium Typhimurium Total: (urine) (vaginal drainage) Antelope Big Horn sheep Cat Cattle 114 Deer Dogs 6 Elk Goat Horses Sheep Swine Chickens Cattle ■ Chicken Chickens Ducks Cattle Antelope Eig Horn sheep Cattle Deer Elli Antelope Eig Horn sheep Cat Cattle Deer Dogs Elk Horse Cattle Chickens Dogs Ducks Horse Swine 16 1 24 1 16 1 1 32 16 19 12 18 1 883 SEROLOGICAL TESTS IN FIELD LABORATORIES Brucellosis (tests in all field labs) Cattle Brucellosis (ABR milk tests in field) Brucellosis (ABR cream tests in field) Pullorum (field) Total: GRAND TOTAL: Total all diagnostic specimens -32- 28 157 185 16 3 1 5,638 105 14 33 1 21 12 189 2 16 2 452 16 3 11 107 34 16 1 1 1 105 5 19 1 7 7 1 2 1 1 85,964 20,262 797 4,072 97.549 122,680 4,483 210,073 205 1 5 2 1 1 1,629 144 8 22 174 1,803 216,364 REPORT OF TFffi CHEMIST Frank J. Peacock SAMPLES FOR POISON ANALYSES Stomach Contents, tissues, etc. TYPE ARSENIC Pos, Ne,f^. MERCURY Pos, Neg. LEAD STRYCFMINE Pos, Neg. SPECIMEN Pos, Neg, TOTAL Bovine liver & kidney 1 1 1 " small intestine 1 1 1 " rumen 1 1 1 " stomach 88 86 6 81 4 Canine " 14 12 12 11 28 Deer " 1 1 1 Equine ■' 3 3 3 Feline " 1 1 1 Ovine " 4 4 4 Porcine " 2 1 2 1 1 Miscellaneous: Bentonite 1 1 1 Bone 2 . Bran 2 Cake 1 Grain 1 1 1 Hamburger 1 1 1 3 Meat 2 1 1 3 13 Oats 2 2 2 Povrer pole for firewood 1 Powder 1 1 Putty 1 1 1 Sediment 1 1 1 Water 4 4 4 Total: 4 130 124 8 117 14 53 450 M ISCELLAl^'EOUS EH' lAlII.-i TIONS OTHER THAN POISONS Range pellets negative iron filings 1 Identification of sample 1 Grain analysis, negative ceresan 1 Feed samples for nitrate analys es 113 Water " '* ji it 25 TOThL: 141 Suitable Unsuitable Water for complete chemical analyses " " " mineral " 20 3 6 TOTnL: 29 Milk and cream samples for chemical analyses 677 BLOOD SAI4PLES FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSI^S PHOSPHORUS Bovine blood samples Equine " " Ovine " " Porcine " " 92 6 3 CALCIUM CAROTENE VIT.AI-IIN A MAGNESIUM 42 130 130 5 6 6 6 1 TOTAL: 102 48 136 137 6 429 GRAND TOTAL: •33 ■ 1,726 MILK AND DAIRY INSPECTIONS The responsibility assigned to the Livestock Sanitary Board to license dairies and milk plants, to adopt and enforce sanitary standards for milk and cream production and distribution, and maintain disease-free milk-producing cows is most important for three reasons. First, it assures protection for the milk consumer from milk-borne disease. Second, it assures the milk industry a high level of milk consumption by making certain that milk and cream are safe products. Third, the milk industry is assured a larger market because the standards enforced by the Board meet those of the U. S. Public Health Service for interstate shipment, sale to interstate carriers and national parks. For these three important reasons, milk and dairy inspection must be maintained at a high level in Montana. The last half of the fiscal year posed many difficulties in maintaining adequate milk and dairy inspection because of vacancies on the inspection force. This resulted in a downgrading trend. We are certain this will be corrected by filling key positions at the end of the fiscal year. The proposed revision of the old laboratories into office space will pro- vide more adequate facilities to properly maintain al 1 -important milk and dairy in- spection records and survey scores, resulting in better direction and administra- tion of this important public health service. The new laboratory facilities, under construction, will provide adequate laboratory facilities to properly conduct routine milk examinations and tests. This, alone, will do much to assure continued recognition of the milk inspection standards maintained in Montana so milk produced in Montana will be accepted in interstate commerce. There is great danger that the old laboratory would no longer be approved for this work by the U. S. Public Health Service. The Livestock Sanitary Board has assisted nine city and county labora- tories to maintain approved milk bacteriological examination standards by mailing out split milk samples for comparative tests, twice a year. The danger of antibiotics in the milk supply resulted in the Livestock Sanitary Board laboratory establishing routine antibiotic-detection tests on milk samples collected for bacterial examination. The presence of insecticides and pesticides in milk, and the attendant public dangers, will result in routine exami- nations of milk samples as soon as chemical tests can be found which can be applied to a routine test procedure. The laboratory must be prepared and equipped to do this work. Working with the research group at the Rocky Mountain Laboratory, the State Board of Health, bacteriologists from Montana State College, and others, the Livestock Sanitary Board prepared and adopted Order No. 193 to protect the con- sumers of raw mi I k, purchased from the few remaining raw milk dairies, from the pos- sibility of being exposed to Q, fever. As a result of the adoption of Order 193^ the cows in raw milk dairies are periodically tested for Q fever. One dairy was found to have a high percentage of cow's infected. The dairyman discontinued the sale of raw milk. Pasteurization, at temperatures required by the Board, makes milk from Q fever-infected cattle safe to drink, -3k- A SUMMARY OF DAIRY AND MILK INSPECTION WORK - 1959-60 Number of licensed producer dairies " r aw m i 1 k " " mi 1 k pi ants dai ry and milk pi ant dai ries degraded dai ry court cases " tuberculosis tests " brucellosis ring tests bacterial examinations of milk antibiotic-detection tests Q. fever tests 704 31 57 i nspect ions 1 ,3kk 1 1 3,972 10,if36 2,700 425 samples for chemical examination 677 -35- MEAT INSPECTION AND SLAUGHTERHOUSE INSPECTION There were 59 slaughterhouses and 3 meat depots licensed by the Board during the fiscal year. Every effort is made to see that meat and meat food prod- ucts are derived from healthy animals and processed in a clean, sanitary manner and environment. The consuming public should continue to demand no less. Meat I nspection The Livestock Sanitary Board maintained a system of meat inspection in 15 slaughtering establishments. The Meat Inspection Division, of the U. S. Depart- ment of Agriculture, maintains meat inspection in five plants in Montana. The meat inspection maintained by the Livestock Sanitary Board in Montana during the fiscal year was paid for by the plants having this important public health service. An appropriation of $70,000, which becomes available July 1, I960, will pay the cost of meat inspection for the following year. As a result of these funds becoming available, the Board has received applications from six additional plants (all in eastern Montana) to establish meat inspection. Inspections of these plants have been made. As soon as proper sanitary facilities to conduct meat in- spection are provided in the plants, inspection will be provided. The ability of the Board to conduct meat inspection has been seriously hampered by the shortage of qualified veterinarians to conduct this highly tech- nical, important public health service. There were two reasons for thi s --extreme- ly low salaries offered and a shortage of veterinarians entering the food hygiene field. Attempts will be made to more favorably adjust salaries. The prospects are that within a year-and-a-hal f to tv-^o years about 25 plants will have meat inspection. With this increased work, it will be essential that an experienced man be appointed to be in charge of the meat inspection divi- sion, if proper training, supervision, coordinated, and adequate inspection is to be done throughout the state. The following table shows the number of animals inspected, and found fit for human consumption, on ante-mortem and post-mortem inspection in the 15 state- inspected plants during the year. This is an increase of 12,637 animals over last year. The estimated dressed weight expresses the volume in pounds involved. Number of Animals Estimated Dressed Weight 15,263,000 pounds 10,608,000 " i+28,000 " 292,500 " 25,591,500 " .36- 30,526 Cattle 70,225 Swine 2,]kk Calves 5,350 Sheep 108,7^5 TOTALS The following entire carcasses were found unfit for human consumption and removed from human food channels; Number of An imal s Est mated Dressed Weight 71? Cattle 35,750 pounds 93i Swi ne li+,025 " 6 Calves 1,200 " 11 Sheep 550 " 182 TOTALS 51.525 A total of 38,113 parts, including 7.578 beef livers were found to be unfit for human consumption and removed from human food channels, A total of about 157.840 pounds of unfit meat and meat products were pre- vented from being sold as human food at the 15 establishments having meat inspec- tion. A detailed report of inspections, condemnations, and the reason for con- demnation are in the table which follows, and on the following page. BEEF LIVERS CONDEMNED Abscess i+.695 Ci rrhos i s 63 Carotenosi s 30 Tel angiectasis 130 Sawdust 305 Adhesions k Tuberculosis -0- Distomi asis 2.035 Echinococcus k Mi seel 1 aneous 187 Contami nation !25 TOTAL 7,578 -37- SPECIES SUMMARY OF POST-MORTEM INSPECTION CATTLE SWINE CALVES SHEEP Food Cooking Condemned 30,526i 1 7li 70,225i 3 93i 2,144 6 5,850 11 Totals: 30.599 70.322 2.150 5.861 Diagnosis! DISPOSITION OF CARCASSES AND PARTS Cattle Parts_ Swine___ Parts Calves Parts Sheep Parti Cook iCond. Cook .Cond, Cook . Cond . Cond. Cond. Cond, » Cond . Cond. —, — 1 ^ ..... , ..^ ' ' i ' , ' 1 Abscesses ! 4 ^ ! 634 i i 12? i 1760 1 6 i 1 14 Actinobacillosis -'- i i 1 1 1 Actinomycosis j 3 i 1 i 260 1 Arthritis ! 1 2 1 9 2 1 Ascites i 1 ; 1 Bruises 1 24!' 266 j 2 473 3 8 Cachexia 10 { 1 1 4 4 1 4 Contamination 1 483 Cysts 1 32 Dermatitis 1 1 Edema 1 i . 1 5 Endocarditis 1 ■ 4 Endoparasitism f ! 1 1 13 Enteritis 1 i ! 1 1 Epithelioma 10 2 111 i 12 1 Erysipelas ! 5 44 Erythema 2 Gastroenteritis 1 1 3 Gastritis 4 1 2 Hydronephrosis 19 394 Hematoma i 1 i Icterus ! 2 15 Laryngopharyngitis 1 1 i Livers I 1 ! 1 20642 11 874 Lymphadenitis, caseous 1 1 9 Lymphosarcoma 1 1 Mastitis 1 1 2 7 Melanoma i 1 1 Metritis 1 i 2 2 Myositis, interstitial 1 l\lavel ill i Nephritis 1 40 837 Parotitis i 1 i 1 1 Parturition, recent ! 1 i Pericarditis 9 ■73' 456 3 Peritonitis I— — 4— 1 ! 1 8 1 thleoTnon, submaxillary I 2 1 Pleuritis 1 39 1 ? 208 Pneumonia 1 3 5 1 lOi 5 2 i'ododermatitis T Polyarthritis 1 2 Pregnancy, advanced 1 Prolapse 9 ■i'i Prostatitis 1 Pseudoleukemia 2 1 ! Pyelonephritis 1 1 ' 1 Pyemia 6 1 1 '' ' 1 1 Sarcosporidiosis 1 1 ! i Septicemia ! 5 M i 2 Sex odor ! 5 ! Sul location i i | ! 1 Tuberculosis i ' : | 4 2701 rympanitis ; 1 ■ 1 Uremia '■ |- - ■ ■!■— 1 1 2 2 Urolithiasis ' | i 2 . i TOTALS: i 1 1 7l4 ; 3 !iz.85 3 • 93i 28109 6 20 1 11 921 -38- RENDERING PLANTS During the year nine rendering plants were licensed by the Livestock Sanitary Board. The sanitary facilities and the dead-animal hauling equipment of these plants, have, in general, been complying with Livestock Sanitary Board regulations. Vie believe that in some instances we must have stricter enforcement of the operation of a very few plants, to prevent the unnecessary dissemination of animal diseases. A properly operated rendering plant can be a real asset to any community. SWINE GARBAGE FEEDING Twenty-four swine garbage-feeding establishments were found to comply with the provisions of the law and sanitary requirements of the Board, and were 1 i censed. There were 3I6 inspections of garbage-cooking premises. The Animal Disease Eradication Division, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, cooperates with the Board in conducting the inspections and enforcing the regulations of the Livestock Sanitary Board. The public health and animal health protections afforded by the enforce- ment of this law are many, ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION A total of 25 men possess a valid license to practice artificial insemi- nation in Montana. This is seven more than last year. We wish to again express our sincere thanks to the staff members of the Department of Agriculture, at Montana State College, who conduct training courses and hold examinations to determine the eligibility of applicants to be licensed to practice artificial insemination in Montana, QUARANTINED FEED LOTS During the year, eight quarantined feed lots were inspected, approved, and are being maintained in accordance with regulations in Chapter 20. LITIGATION It was necessary to file a complaint against a dairyman for selling milk without a license and selling milk from an unsanitary dairy. Since this was the second offense, the court granted a permanent injunction preventing the dairy from selling milk in violation of the licensing law. -39- A writ of review was brought against the Livestock Sanitary Board by A. G. Lee in attempts to prevent the Board from testing his cattle for brucellosis. The district cot'rt granted a .notion to quash. Mr, Lee has appealed this action to the supreme court. LA30RAT0P.Y AND OFFICE FACILITJKS Plans for the new diagnostic laboratory to be built in conjunction with the Veterinary Research Laboratory at Sozensn were drawn by J. G. Link & Company, approved by the Livestock Sanitary Board, and submitted to the Board of Examiners. Bids for the building Wi^re let and accepted in February 1S60, and at the end of the fiscal year construction was well underway. !t is contemplated that the new labora- tory will be completed early in 1961. Plans for converting the old laboratory rooms to much-needed office space are underway. V/e know this needed office space will make possible more efficient and better work. The new diagnostic laboratory has long been urgently needed. Almost all of the functions of the Livestock Sanitary Board in livestock disease control and investigation, milk and meat inspection, and control of anima! diseases transmiss- ible to man, are basically dependent on accurate, often extensive, diagnostic lab- oratory findings. Without a modern laboratory, the work of the Board has been greatly impaired. The Board can now look forward to providing a greatly improved service to the people of Montana. PERSONNEL Several vacancies existed^ for all or part of the fiscal year, in several important positions, making satisfactory accomplishment most difficult. I do wish to call to the attention of the Board the willingness of many staff members to take on additional duties, and spend many additional hours of work, to keep up with the extra work brought about by these vacancies. Vihen disease threatens, the entire staff is ready to, and does, devote long hours in the field, in the laboratory, and in the office, to meet that threat--weekends and holidays are forgotten. The invaluable help of the many practitioners who hold deputy state vet- erinary appointments must be recognized. They determine, to a great extent, the. success or failure of the Livestock Sanitary Board to meet its many responsibili- ties and obligations. I am pleased to report that their services and their co- operation have been exceptional. The shortage of veterinarians will become more acute because of the limited number of colleges of veterinary medicine in the United States. Orily 900 veterinarians will be graduated each year, for several years to come. It is im- perative to the health and welfare of this nation that a healthy, vigorous live- stock population be maintained. This simply cannot be done without an adequate number of highly skilled veterinary medical scientists. It is recommended to the Board that this need be analyzed and immediate steps taken to attempt to correct this rapidly developing, critical situation. -kO- II " 8, I960 - " II " 8, I960 - " II March 8, I96O - " REVISION OF REGULATIONS The following regulations were revised and adopted during the year: Effective August 8, 1959 - Chapter 28 - "Official Samples" " " 8, 1959 - " 29 - "Official Dairy, Milk Plant, Slaughterhouse, Meat Packing House, and Meat Depot Scores", replacing Regulation 55, Par. 1 5 - "Dourinc", replacing Regulation 27 6 - "Glanders", replacing " 28 k - "Tuberculosis", replacing Regu- lation 17, Part Ml, Paragraph 3, Part IV and V, and Regulations 18, 19, 20, 21, and 22 " 8, i960 - " 7 - "Exotic and Other Extremely Danger- ous Diseases", replacing Regulation 68 " 8, i960 - " 30 - "Duties of District and Resident Deputy State Veterinary Surgeons, replacing Regulations 43, ^5, 46, k7 , and 51 January 1, i960 - " 17 - "Control of Biologies", replacing Regulation 30 March 3, I960 - " 2k - "Inspecting and Handling of Horse Meat and Meat Food Products Thereof", replacing Regulation 14 " 8, i960 - " 31 - "Authority to Seize and Destroy Arti- cles, Products, and Commodities", re- placing Regulations 53^ 54, and 60 " 8, i960 - " 32 - "Disposal of Dead Animals", replacing Regulation 65 " 8, i960 - " 33 - "Deputy State Veterinary Surgeons to Act as Chemists and Bacteriologists", replacing Regulation 62 ORDERS ISSUED The following orders were issued during the fiscal year: July 10, 1959 - Order 192, the procedures and methods for handling scrapie-i nfected and scrapie-exposed sheep. March 17^ I960 - Order 193; to prevent the transmission of Q fever from dairy cows to man through the consumption of raw milk. -41 COOPERATING AGENCIES The Montana Livestock Sanitary Board's duties and responsibilities are accomplished through the cooperation, advice, and assistance of many. To the following, we express our sincere thanks: 1. Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, and Dr. Dale Suplee, who was in charge of their Montana activities. 2. Montana Veterinary Research Laboratory, Bozeman. 3. Rocky Mountain Laboratory, Hamilton. k. Montana State Board of Health. 5. U. S. Public Health Service. 6. Montana Agricultural Extension Service. 7. City and county health departments. 8. Montana Poultry Improvement Board. 9. Montana Stockgrowers. 10. Montana Wool Growers. 11. Montana Milk Distributors. 12. Montana Milk Producers. 13. Montana Hatcherymen. ]k. The many local livestock organizations, ORGANIZATION The organizational structure of the Livestock Sanitary Board is shown on the chart on the following page. ■k2- i' -,' i' yi'-i' I I J 1 s si' « . .■ 5 ! I ' ; - iL- =55 --i hi ll p. 1 1: 1 1 1 • Ll 1 S I" 1 i FINANCES The financial report for the year ended June 30, I960, is as follows: I NCOME (INCLUDING REFUNDS) Appropr i ated Funds - General Ope rat ion I959-I96O Appropriation $195,'*00.00 $ Encumbered Balance 6-30-59 - Carried Forward 72.02 Refunds 1,577-^1 197, 049.^+3 Appropr i ated Funds - Brucel losis 1959-1960 Appropriation 25,000.00 Refunds 2U0.75 25,240,75 Livestock Sani tary Board Fund 1 51 Cash Balance 6-30-59 - Carried Forward 192,777.86 -"Livestock Taxes 123,665.^2 Interest on Bonds 2,070.00 Inspection Fees 125.50 318,638.78 Refunds - Meat Inspection 48,405.55 TOTAL INCOME $589,334.51 EXPENDITURES Appropr i ated Funds - General Operat ion 194,364.44 Appropri ated Funds - Brucel losi s 25,222.01 Credit to State General Fund (decrease in 1958-1959 encumbered purchase order liquidated after 7-1-1959) 11.48 Livestock Sani tary Board Fund 1 51 General Operation (includes $55,252.12 paid on new diagnostic laboratory) 108,616.34 Annual Research Allocation 10,000.00 1 18^616.34 TOTAL EXPENDITURES $338,214.27 BALANCES 6-3O-6O CARRIED FORWARD TO I96O-I96I FISCAL YEAR Appropriated Funds 2,692.25 Livestock Sanitary Board Fund 151 -;-V248,427.99 TOTAL FUNDS CARRIED FORWARD $251,120.24 *.(> «'« **^ k'« k'v h.*« k'« »^ »t^ k'^ Reserve in Bonds - Fund I5I 75,000.00 Reserve in Bonds and Accrued Interest - Fund 150 76,562.33 TOTAL RESERVE FUNDS '^-'^-$1 51^562.33 * 3 mills on cattle and sheep. -'wV To be applied on completion of new diagnostic laboratory, as authorized by the Thirty-Sixth Legislature. Vrthv Designated to be held in reserve for emergency use in controlling dangerous disease outbreaks. -43- MONTANA VETERINARY RESEARCH LABORATORY Dr. E. A. Tunnicliff, Head of the Montana Veterinary Research Laboratory, submits the following report; "The list of organized research projects being studi' ed by the Montana Veterinary Research Laboratory follows: 1. Methods of Control of Mastitis in Sheep 2. Ulcerative Dermatosis of Sheep 3. Bacillary Icterohemoglob i nuri a of Cattle k. Nutritional Muscular Dystrophy in Calves 5. Bionomics of Eimeri a zurni i 6. Ovine Vibriosis 7. Urolithiasis of Range Cattle 8. Chemoprophyl axi s of Nematode Infestations in Sheep 9. The Biology of the Liver Fluke, Fasciol a hepat i ca, of Sheep and Cattle with Special Reference to the Free Living and Intra-mal luscam Stages 10. Ovine Virus Abortion 11. Miscellaneous Investigations: A. Studies With the Complement-Fixation Test for Bovine Anaplasmosis B. Sporadic Bovine Encephalomyelitis C. Bovine Fluorosis D. Foot Rot of Cattle E. Listeriosis Infections of Cattle and Sheep F. Enterotoxemi a-Enteri t i s Complex of Calves and Lambs G. Shipping Fever of Calves H. Cardiac Anomalies of Newborn Lambs I. Pneumonia of Lambs J. Lunger Disease of Sheep K. Johne's Disease of Sheep L. Control of Lice end Grubs by Use of Systemic Insecticides M. Study of Gastrointestinal Parasites of Sheep N. Pulmonary Emphysema of Cottle 0. Foot Rot of Sheep " -kk- r SUMMARY OF MAJOR ACTIVITIES DURING THE YEAR Dairy and milk plant inspections 1^3^^+ Slaughterhouse inspections 60 Rendering plant " 6 Cattle bled for brucellosis tests 95,183 " tuberculosis tested 19,829 Animals inspected at markets 1,050,291 Inspected for interstate shipment 1,073,^38 Miscellaneous animal investigations 168^07'+ Animal inspection - meat inspection 108^927 Quarantined feed lot inspections 8 Pul lorum tests 97,706 Laboratory tests .216,368 Clinical analyses 1 ,726 TOTAL TESTS, ANALYSES, AND INSPECTIONS. . . . 2,832,960 Respectfully submitted, y ■ '? ->ry ;^ y J. W. SAFFORD, ^ State Veterinarian. -45- I INDEX Act i nob aci 11 OS is 3 Actinomycosis 3 Anaplasmosis 3 Antrirax k Artificial Insemination 39 Atrophic Rhinitis ,. , 17 Saby pig Diseases , 18 Bacillary Hemoglobinuria k Brucellosis - Cattle k Swine 17 Cancer Eye 9 Coccidiosis - Cattle 9 Sheep 1^ Contagious Ecthyma 1^ Cooperating Agencies k2 Diseases - Cattle 3 Dogs 20 Horses 19 Poultry 21 Sheep lU Swine 17 Veterinarians' Report. 27 Distemper - Horses , .. 19 Encephalomyelitis 19 Enterotoxemi a - Sheep ]k Erysipelas 17 Feed Lots - Quarantined 39 Finances ^3 Foot Rot - Cattle 9 Sheep lU Foreword 1 Garbage-Feeding 39 Grass Tetany, 9 Hog Cholera 17 Importation Report 25 Inspections - Animal 26 Dai ry 35 Meat 36 Milk 35 Mi Ik Plant 35 Post-Mortem .... 38 Rendering Plant . . 39 Slaughterhouse. . . 36 Laboratory Facilities kO Laboratory Reports - Bacteriological 29 Chemical 33 Pathological 29 Serological 31 Leptospirosis - Cattle 10 Dogs 20 Litigation 39 Livestock Imports 2k Livestock Markets 23 Louse-Infestation - Sheep .... 15 Morbidity Report 27 Newcastle Disease 21 Nitrate Poisoning 10 Office Facilities kO Orders Issued ^tl Organization Chart. ....... ^2a Parasites, Internal - Sheep ... 15 Pediculosis - Sheep 15 Personnel . ^0 Photosens i t izat ion 10 Pu! iorum Disease 22 Pulmonary Emphysema 11 Q Fever 3k Rabies 20 Redwater ^4 Regulations, Revision of k] Rhi notrachei t i 5 11 Scabies - Cattle 11 Sheep 15 Scrapie 12 Sore Mouth ]k Summary of Activities kS Tuberculosis. 12 Urol i thi as i s , 12 Vibriosis - Cattle I3 Sheep 16 Water Bel ly 12 White Muscle. , 13 »»^'^''i*9K^^