SEP 1 0 1975 DCCUMENTS OCT 1962 REPORT to the Montana Livestock Sanitary Board July 1, 1961 through June 30, 1962 3 0864 1005 0969 7 6r» Helena, Montana August 3, 1962 Honorable Tim Babcock, Governor of Montana Helena, Montana Dear Governor Babcock: In compliance with Section 46-2^2, RCM 19^7^ we transmit herev'\/ith the report of the State Veterinarian to the Montana Livestock Sanitary Board for the year July 1, 1961, through June 30, 1962. Respectfully submitted, MONTANA L!J/.^SXOCX-^^NITARY BOARD J, W, SAFFORD, Executive Officer. h. MONTANA LIVESTOCK SANITARY BOARD * * * * -V -jV 5 3,480 1,969 it, 288 3,9^5 4,041 2,567 9,687 5,645 6,622 4,479 7,261 2,600 4,983 3,293 10,562 7,719 9,262 8,728 572 181 888 783 2,669 1,486 2,109 2,079 },m ^77 143 751 3,029 1,927 1,856 2,136 10,316 9,630 8,676 7,677 1,^67 1,054 1,384 1,533 9,313 6,5^+8 5,945 5,312 3,836 4,013 4,313 2,751 3,^75 3,149 2,590 3,174 2,738 2,670 1,990 1,891 4,70it 4,032 3,861 4,797 3,133 2,181 2,202 1,813 3,521 1,590 2,125 1,510 7,660 3,590 5,714 5,232 5,795 3,882 4,492 4,310 5,92! 4,174 4,548 4,416 1,871 1,312 1,063 956 7it6 563 176 453 10,060 4,387 7,825 4,813 1,699 1,305 2,343 1,921 6,672 4,821 4,368 8,427 23^^ 47 54 123 3,614 734 887 959 3,910 3,564 2,610 2,184 6,067 2,529 1,230 3,896 2,319 2,476 2,671 1,413 8,9iH 6, 240 10,529 9,020 2,3]k 1,402 1,138 1,370 6,896 6,612 4,908 4,512 7,179 6,732 6,740 7,307 3,398 2,146 2,094 2,489 8,061 3,198 3,514 3,434 2,935 2,007 2,330 1,777 1,301 1,159 2,445 2,742 8,129 6,906 6,966 4,340 2M2 1,822 3,535 1,851 892 422 1,708 1,346 1,077 251 313 486 1960 1961 1962 3, "goo 2,661 3,068 k,k80 4,952 5,000 3,087 3,613 3,610 1,582 1,410 967 3,175 2,474 1,451 6,283 7,855 6,805 ^,633 3,741 3,279 646 710 206 h,e]k 3,766 6,483. Table 3. Comparative Number of Calves Officially Vaccinated with Brucella Abortus Vaccine. (Cont 'd) County 1 .. i i Iwater Sweet Grass Teton Toole Treasure Va 1 1 ey Viheat land Wibaux Yellowstone TOTALS 294,265 215,043 224,576 209,472 In addition to the above, reports were received that 3,136 doses of Brucella abortus vaccine were sold, indicating that many calves were unofficially vacci nated. In summary, we believe the reduction of the number of calves vaccinated during the fiscal year can be primarily attributed to drought conditions. V/e recommended that efforts be made to obtain a higher percentage of blood samples en backtagged cattle, particularly those slaughtered out-of-state. It seems apparent that since brucellosis, in Montana, has been reduced to the lowest point many are becoming complacent and are not using sufficient care to prevent the introduction of infected cattle into the State and into their brucellosis-free herds. We recommend that this apparent coriplacency not be continued because if ever there was a time to completely eradicate bovine brucellosis, it is now, at a time when the disease is almost -- but not quite -- eliminated. Complacency and carelessness seem to be common when a disease has been reduced to a low level, thus resulting in never quite finishing the job. ft is hoped that continual pro- gress will be maintained to reduce and eliminate, once and for all, this most costly of livestoci< diseases. Helminthiar. is (Internal Parasitism) - Drought, short grass supplies and resulting rei nfestat ion with internal parasites produce clinical signs of parasitism in young cattle in the fail. Usually clinical parasitism is not a problem in Montana but last fall it was quite serious in quite a few large groups of calves. The calves were observed with a diarrhea, rough hair coat, and "poor doing". They were found to have large numbers of Ostertagia ostertagia in the abomasum and large numbers of Nematodi rus fill icol is in the duodenum. We believe these observations should alert cattle producers that internal parasites can be a problem and precautions should be taken to prevent serious loss. Photosens 1 1 i zat i on - A very definite increase in photosensit ization in cattle was reported this year. Five hundred cases were reported on 75 ranches, as compared with last year's 14 cases on 5 ranches. -7- Most cases were reported early in the spring of 1962 in soutii central and eastern Montana. When the rains started the last of May, ending the drought, the widespread number of cases suddenly stopped. The cause of the disease is attributed to cattle consuming plants which contain a photosensitizing substance called phyllo-erythrin. Apparently it is also associated with liver damage that results in the faulty excretion of phyllo- erythrin. An excessive accumulation of phyllo-erythrin in the blood results in nonpigmented skin becoming highly sensitive to sun rays. Just what plants, just what conditions of growth, and perhaps other substances, cause the excessive accu- mulation of phyllo-erythrin and toxic substance to produce liver damage is not com- pletely knovi'n. If this condition continues to appear to the extent It did in Montana this past spring, it will warrant intensive study and investigation to determine ways of preventing the widespread occurrence. Pulmonary Emphysema (Asthma) - Each year this disease, of unknown etiology, con- tinues to increase. A total of 712 cases were reported on 265 ranches. We have good reason to believe that this report merely indicates the seriousness of the loss in Montana each year and that many more cattle die from pulmonary emphysema than are reported. Just the reported cases could Indicate a $lif2,000 annual loss. This disease has been reported to the Board for about 30 years. !f the loss has been only $1iv2,000 a year, the total 30-year loss to cattle owners of Montana would be $^,260,000, This seems to be a terrific price to pay for just one disease in cattle, V/e recommend to the Board that they insist that an adequate research program be established at the Montana Veterinary Research Laboratory in an attempt to find ways by which the livestock industry can reduce these losses from pulmonary emphysema. Salmonellosis in Calves - Early in the spring of 1962 very young dairy calves, from one day to one week old, were being trucked into Montana under most severe weather conditions and in crowded, unsanitary trucks with no provisions for feeding. They were originating in states in which Salmonella infection In newborn calves, especially around dairy barns, is Increasing. Several loads of calves suffered severe losses shortly after arrival. Sixteen live calves remaining from 150 delivered at one ranch was the most severe loss, Salmonel la typhi murium was isolated from each group of imported calves. In all instances, the premises and livestock were quarantined until all losses stopped, the premises cleaned and disinfected, and it was established that the remaining animals were not shedding the organism in their stools. Montana has not had a problem with Salmonellosis in dairy calves until it was imported. The infection In animals could result in a public health problem. The Introduction of Salmonella orgsnisms thiough very yoong dairy calves posed a serious threat. Therefore, Order 198 was issued in April in an attempt to prevent such an introduction, -8- Shipping Fever - Veterinarians reported ^,359 cases of shipping fever on ^+17 ranches. It is encouraging to note that advances are being made in isolation of viruses that could be the primary etiological agent. It would appear that commercial biological research groups have experimentally produced a modified live-virus vaccine from several of these viruses that show promising laboratory results in preventing this condition. Field trials are currently being carried out. it is hoped these immunizing agents prove effective. Tuberculosis - The tuberculin test was applied to 1^,809 dairy cattle and 15,870 beef cattle during the year. Twelve dairy cows and ]k beef cattle gave reactions to the test, or 0.084%, This is an increase over last year. The 12 dairy cow reactors were found in six herds and the ]k beef reactors were found in three herds. Only two of the beef cattle reactors and none of the dairy cow reactors were found to have tuberculous lesions at slaughter. All of the herds, except one dairy herd, have been retested twice at least 60 days apart with negative results. The two reactors which were found to have tuberculous lesions at slaughter were proven to be infected with the avian strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. They were purebred bulls in a feed lot which had been contaminated with old chickens having a high incidence of tuberculosis. All Montana counties are currently modif ied-accredi ted tuberculosis areas. Four beef herds were tested, following reports of finding tuberculous lesions at slaughter of cattle from these herds. The laboratory was unable to confirm the lesions to be tuberculous in three of these cases. Acid-fast organ- isms were demonstrated in one lesion but the organism was not typed. All four herds were found to be negative to the tuberculin test. SHEEP DISEASES Twenty sheep diseases were reported during the year-"10,?.23 cases were reported on 22/ ranches. Actually, an analysis of the sheep disease problems in Montana over the past several years would indicate that this state is one of the healthiest places in the world in which to raise range sheep. With the increase in farm flocks, it is hoped it can be kept that way. infectious Foot-Rot - In response to the requests of the Montana Wool Growers Association, the Lake County I'ool Pool and the Western Montana Woolgrowers Associ- ation, a systematic infectious foot-rot eradication program was started in April in four counties In western Montana. Past records indicated that two counties con- tinued to remain a source of the infection. At the end of the fiscal year 46,216 sheep in 36O flocks had been in- spected. This included all flocks in Ravalli, Lake, Missoula, and most of the flocks in Flathead County. A total of 50 flocks were found to be Infected with foot-rot. Thirty-four flocks {Zk%) In Lalce County were found to be infected; 3 (3%) in Flathead; none in Missoula; and 15 (10%) in Ravalli County. It was hoped that most of the Infected flocks could be free of the dis- ease by fall of 1962. Scabies - Another year has gone by without sheep scabies appearing In Montana, Montana sheepmen will not be able to "rest easy" about scabies until the central states eliminate this costly sheep disaese. ■10- SWINE DISEASES • A total of 16 diseases were reported in 1,355 swine on 175 premises. Montana is remarkably free of many very serious swine diseases existing in many parts of the United States, We can assure the Board that every effort which can be made to prevent the introduction of these diseases will prove well worth that effort. Atrophic Rhinitis - This disease is widespread in the state. The State Veterin- arian's office has been frequently requested to establish regulatory procedures to prevent further spread and, if possible, eliminate the problem. Two very important factors are responsible for not being able to meet these requests: (1) The cause of the disease is unknown, and (2) by best known procedures, only 50% of the infected animals can be detected clinically. It is hoped that sufficient knowledge can be gained to establish effective control pro- cedures. It has been established that complete depopulation of the infected swine herd, cleaning and disinfection of the premises, leaving the premises vacant for two weeks to a month, and then restocking with pigs free of atrophic rhinitis, will eliminate the disease. Atrophic rhinitis is apparently so widespread that there is no assurance the usual sources of swine will be free of the disease. "Specific Pathogen Free" pigs are now available and apparently can be a source of swine not exposed to atrophic rhinitis. Brucel losis - No cases of swine brucellosis were reported during the year. This is another disease which can be easily imported from other states. Compliance with the import regulation will prevent its introduction and avoid financial loss to the swine producer and a serious public health menace. To date no swine producers have applied for or maintain a certified brucellosis-free herd. Hog Cholera - The following is the number of premises reported to have had hog cholera in (Montana e'lch year for the past 3© years: 1927-21 1933-10 1939-65 IS'+S-IO 1951- 9 1957- 2 1928-33 123^- 7 19^0-ifif 19^6- k 1 952-1 it 1958- 1 1929-20 1935-13 19-^-23 19^7- 2 3953-12 1959-None '930-33 1936-17 19^2-31 19^8-13 195^- 3 I960- 1 1931-13 1937-23 19^3-62 19^9-22 1955-None 1961-None 1932- 9 1938-8i+ 19^+^-25 1950- 2 1956-None 1962-None Only four outbreaks (the last two of which were attributed to the use of a modified live-virus vaccine) in the past eight years, and no natural- occurring outbreaks for the past five years, certainly indicates Montana is a hog cholera-free state. •n- This can be attributed to three important factors: (J) Strict enforcement of the Livestock Sanitary Board hog cholera regulation. (2) Prohibition of the use of live-virus vaccine in 1950. (3) The enactment and enforcement of the garbage-cooking law since 1953. Hog cholera is a most costly disease in many parts of the United States. We urgently recommend that the Montana swine industry take every precaution when importing swine to enable the state to enjoy the absence of this highly infectious disease. Because the Livestock Sanitary Board has, for years, carried out a hog cholera-eradication program and the state is free of the disease, it will not be necessary to expend state and federal funds on the extensive hog cholera-eradication program being launched in the United States. •12- HORSE DISEASES A total of 12 diseases were reported this past year, involving l,'+82 horses on 701 premises. Distemper - Distemper was the most frequent disease of horses reported this year -■ ),348 cases on 530 ranches. Encephalomyel i t is - A marked increase over the preceding year was recorded this fiscal year. Practically all cases reported occurred from July 1, 1961, to September 1961 - an extremely dry period. A total of 79 cases were reported on 78 ranches. Rhinopneumoni tis - This respiratory infection caused by a virus, which is also capable of producing abortion in mares, was diagnosed for the first time in Montana by Dr. J. K. Ward in Ravalli County. Dr, W. J. Hadlow, Rocky Mountain Laboratory, Hamilton, confirmed the diagnosis histopathological ly and by virus isolation. At present the use of a virus vaccine produced by the Kentucky Agricul- ture Experiment Station is being tried experimentally to prevent abortion in mares. The extent of the disease in Montana, and the safety with which this virus vaccine (actually a planned introduction of the disease) can be used, are being studied to determine if it will be permitted to be introduced into Montana. 13- DOG DISEASES A total of 1^465 cases of distemper, 23^ of infectious hepatitis, and 181 of leptospi ros is in dogs were reported during the fiscal year. Rab i es - Twenty-five dogs, 11 cats, k skunks, 2 mice, and 1 each of - gopher, bat, horse, cow, chipmunk, hamster, rabbit - were examined and found negative to rabies in the laboratory. V/e can again be thankful that rabies was not introduced into Montana during the year. It is recommended that the Livestock Sanitary Board continue, through enforcement of their import health requirements, to guard against the introduction of this horrible disease from other states. -]k- POULTRY DISEASES There were 21 poultry diseases in 2,753 chickens on ^5 premises reported this past year. It is highly significant that, again, infectious bronchitis, Newcastle disease, pox and laryngotrachei tis were not reported or diagnosed in Montana this past year. The ability of Montana poultrymen to be able to enjoy this freedom from these four viral diseases can be attributed to the fact that over a good many years the indiscriminate use of live-virus vaccines has been prohibited. In a state that can remain free of these diseases, it just does not make sense to indiscriminately seed down the area with live viruses that are capable of introducing, spreading, and perpetuating diseases. V.'e recommend that the Board continue to rigidly guard against the introduction of disease Into Montana by the importation of fully virulent biological products capable of producing disease. Pul lorum - In accordance with Livestock Sanitary Board regulations, all birds in all poultry flocks producing hatching eggs were tested for pul lorum-typhoid by expert employees of the Board, A total of 62,339 birds were tested and 59 reactors found, or 0.091% infection. Only "pul lorum-typhoid clean" flocks were permitted to sell hatching eggs. Malnutrition and Mismanagement - Unfortunately the biggest loss sustained by the poultry industry in Montana can be attributed to faulty nutrition and improper care. Fast-growing poultry simply have to be fed and cared for according to their demands. •15- LIVESTOCK MARKETS It is a pleasure to report to the Board that; in general^ the Montana livestock market operators are most cooperative in carrying out Livestock Sanitary Board disease control and sanitation regulations. During the year, members of the Montana Livestock Auction Markets Associ- ation have been working with the Board and State Veterinarian to provide for a revision of the paving requirements of livestock markets. It is felt that the problem has been resolved and will provide Montana with as clean a group of markets as can be found in the United States. The detection of diseased animals brought into the markets continues the year around. All diseased animals found were properly handled and released. The number of livestock inspected at the 15 auction markets in Montana for the past four years is as follows: 1958-59 1959-60 19^'0-61 1961-62 Cattle Sy'+.OIG 702,846 683,621 69^^,333 Sheep 215,279 27^^,563 302,4if3 258,678 Horses 3^256 10,611 8,883 8,229 Swine 50,249 62,271 79,953 93,019 TOTALS 842,800 1,050,291 1,074,900 1,054,259 -16- LIVESTOCK IMPORTATIONS One of the more important responsibilities assigned to the Livestock Sanitary Board is to prevent the introduction of dangerous livestock diseases into Montana. V.'e are confident that the regulations now in effect will, if conscien- tiously followed, prevent such an introduction. There are a number of diseases in some of the other states that, if in- troduced into Montana, could be costly to eliminate, could be of grave economic importance to the livestock industry, and be a serious menace to public health. Some of these diseases are tuberculosis, brucellosis, sheep and cattle scabies, rabies, hog cholera, and bluetongue. Considerable time and effort must be spent to assure that only healthy animals are shipped into Montana. Animals were received from 33 states and one foreign country during the year. A detailed list of importations can be found on the next page. A comparative number of livestock imported the past six years is as fol lows: 1956-57 1957-58 1958-59 1959-60 1960-61 1961-62 Cattle 34,288 68,481 78,424 62,477 49,357 91,956 Horses 1,030 1,597 1,888 2,078 2,230 1,957 Sheep 73,701 83,077 117,905 73,926 36,171 70,953 Swine 23,687 26, 288 20,524 13,831 25,694 31,278 Dogs 6r6 576 573 584 701 565 TOTALS 133,312 179,819 219,314 152,896 114,153 196,709 -17- COMPILATION LIVESTOCK SANITARY BOARD Report of Importations July 1, 1961 - June 30, 1962 HEALTH TEST CAT TLE STATE CERTSFICATES CHARTS HORSES HC TO SHEEP SWINE DOGS Canada 218 433 759 618 28,950 69 47 Alaska 23 25 Arl zona 26 18 I; 237 4 Arkansas k 91 3 Cal i fornia 80 5 ■ 26 522 20 200 9 64 Colorado 92 17 91 7,388 348 19 25 Connecticut 1 8 Florida k 1 6 Idaho 239 22 166 8,132 158 3,661 101 23 1 1 1 inois 11 12 4 8 28 1 6 Indiana 3 1 2 Iowa 33 52 9 371 688 5 24 Kansas 20 1 1 801 17 14 Michigan 1 1 Minnesota kS 48 11 in 402 36 28 Missouri 41 9 3 1,C30 85 12 25 Nebraska 136 14 75 560 104 6 13,205 25 Nevada 2 3 12 2 N3W Mexico 5 6 80 Horth Carol ina 3 3 N'j"tri Dakota 420 107 152 5,663 520 1,642 959 14 Ohio 16 1 2 20 Oklahoma 15 12 4 56 41 1 3 8 Oregon 112 6 28 ^954 18 12,531 7 37 Penns'/tvania 2 1 1 South Carolina 1 1 South Dakota 345 kh 62 4,475 335 15,367 16,834 5 Tennessee 1 1 Texcs 80 3 9 9,664 65 469 16 Utah 57 8 62 473 49 83 1 8 ';i rginia 1 1 Washington 213 33 122 1,635 1:5 21,794 3 132 Wi scons i n 32 49 4 618 1,665 4 16 Wyoming 357 74 343 12,165 523 15,130 31 25 TOTALS: 2,639 955 1,957 57,753 34,203 70,953 31,278 565 OFFICIAL ANIMAL INSPECTIONS July 1, 1961 - June 30, 1962 The following animal i nsp-sct ions were made by employees of the Livestock Sanitary Board in the course of their routine work and investigations during the year. (The number tested for brucellosis is recorded in the Serology Report.) TOTAL HORSES Inspected for interstate shipment " at markets Miscellaneous inspections CATTLE Dairy cattle tested for tuberculosis Reactors Range cattle tested for tuberculosis Reactors Accredited TB-free herds tested Cattle in accredited TB-free herds tested Tuberculin tested for interstate shipment Inspected at destination Tuberculin tested at destination inspected for interstate shipment " at markets Miscellaneous inspections SHEEP Inspected for interstate shipment Inspected at markets Miscellaneous inspections SWINE Inspected for interstate shipment " at markets Miscellaneous inspections POULTRY Tested for pul lorum-typhoi d Miscellaneous inspections DOGS Inspected for interstate shipment Miscellaneous inspections GRAND TOTAL 3,443 8,229 187 11,859 12,416 12 13,477 14 4 373 4, 229 184 705,211 694,333 16,616 1,446,840 747,252 758,678 84,406 1,090,336 494 93,019 7,779 101,292 68,219 262,830 331,049 1,138 94 1,232 2,982,608 ■ 19- MONTANA VETERINARIANS' DISEASE REPORT July 1, 1961 - June 30, 1962 CATTLE: Gases Herds SHEEP: Cases Herds Actinomycosis-bacillosis 2,68li' i,mii Avitaminosis A 11^ 3 Anaplasmosis 86 32 Black disease 28 1; Anthrax 33 11 Contagious ecthyma 1;,887 50 Avitaminosis A U93 17 Enterotoxemia 360 72 Bacillary hemoglobinuria 161 lliU Foot -rot 2,613 50 Blackleg 109 61 Infectious keratitis 50 1 Cancer eye 1,725 l,3li0 Listeriosis 1 1 Coccidiosis 3,036 383 Malnutrition 20 1 Diphtheria 233 100 Pediculosis i;30 2 Encephalitis 15 5 Pneumonia 39 5 Enteritis, misc. 3U 76 Poisoning, algae 30 1 Enteritis, SaLnonella typhimurium 157 I4 Pregnancy disease 2 2 Enter otoxemia 58 23 Tetanus 16 3 Foot rot 79U 25U Ulcerative dermatosis: Grass tetany 71 U3 Balanoposthitis 51 12 Helminthiasis 15 1 Lip-and-leg 1 1 Infectious keratitis 1,112 53 Venereal l;2 2 Leptospirosis 216 82 Urolithiasis h h Listeriosis 6 5 Vibriosis 835 7 Malig. catarrhal fever h 3 Virus abortion 30 1 Malignant edema 22 19 White muscle disease 9 5 Malnutrition 71 12 Total: 10, 223 227 Mandibular phlegmon 11 10 Mange, demode ctic 1 1 SWII^: Mastitis 23 18 Arthritis, strep. 3 1 Mucosal disease 37 21; Atrophic rhinitis h9h 36 Necrotic stomatitis 17 6 Avitaminosis A 81 7 Nematodiasis 77 22 Colibacillosis 8 1 Par atuber culo s i s 1 1 Erysipelas 5U0 lOli Photosensitization 500 75 Influenza 30 1 Pneumonia 61 38 Leptospirosis 29 6 Poisoning, forage 2 2 Listeriosis 2 1 " lead 9 7 Mange 1 1 " molybdenum 10 1 Necrotic enteritis 67 5 " nitrate 1 1 Pneumonia 67 7 " organo-phosphorus 9 2 Salmonellosis 1 1 " pentachlorophenol 6 1 TGS 30 1 " plant 22 8 Tuberculosis 1 1 " salt 7 1 Virus pneumonia 2 2 Pulmonary emphysema 712 265 Total: 1,356 i?5 Pyelonephritis 3 2 Rhino tracheitis 120 29 HORSES : Shipping fever h,3^9 i;17 Cancer eye 1 1 Spinose earticks 2 2 Distemper l,3li8 ^90 Tetanus 7 7 Encephalomyelitis 79 78 Tuberculosis 1 1 Infectious anemia 10 9 Urolithiasis 675 1;91 Leptospirosis 2 2 Vesicular vaginitis 9 1 Lymphadenitis 2 2 Vibriosis 69 21 Pneumonia 2 2 Warts 11; 6 Poisoning, plant k 1 White muscle disease 97 2 Tetanus 3 3 Total: 17,997 5,55-L Virus abortion 8 1 Virus bronchitis 20 11 -20- Warts 3 1 Total: l,i;B2 701 Veterinarians' Eisease Report continued: DOGS: CASES HERDS Distemper l,b65 1,159 Infectious hepatitis 231; 228 Leptospirosis 181 181 Mange, demodectic 3 3 Tonsillitis 5 5 Total: 1,888 1,876 POULTRY: Ammonia burn 10 1 Ascariasis 2 1 Avitaminosis A 575 11 " D 500 1 Blackhead li 2 Botulism h9 1 Cannibalism 8 2 Cholera Uo 1 Coccidiosis l;5o 2 CRD 590 k Curly-toe paralysis 150 1 Encephalomyelitis 12 1 Leukosis 5 3 Omphalitis 100 1 Paracolon infection 85 1 Parasitism 1 1 Paratyphoid 50 1 Psittacosis 1 1 Pullet disease 10 3 Tuberculosis lib. 5 Visceral gout 2 1 Total: 2,753 U5 Grand Total: 35,70[i 8,575 -21' DIAGMOSTIC LABORATOPY July 1, 1961 - June 30, 1962 The importance of the laboratory in assisting the Livestocic Sanitary Board to carry out its obligations to protect the livestock of Montana from the ravages of disease, to protect the health of the consumer of meat and milk, to protect the public from livestock diseases, and to scientifically and accurately approach, evaluate and control livestock disease problems, cannot be overemphasized, V/e sincerely believe a study of the laboratory report that follows vvi 1 1 clearly sub- stantiate these statements. Table I. Distribution of Laboratory Tests as to Animal Species. Cattle 69,159 Milk analysis (dairy) 13,09^ Elk 3,677 Poultry 706 Buffalo h38 Swine 336 Sheep 166 Deer 137 Horses 123 Dog 82 Cat 22 Goat 20 Mouse 17 Mink 6 Rabbit 6 Chinchilla b Moos e 6 Antelope ':■ Skunk k Gopher 1 Rat 1 Bat 1 Chipmunk 1 Hamster ! 78% \k7o k7o .8% .5% Mo .2% o 1 5% . 1 5% .2% -22- Tablq._;2'_" • Bactcrior.og/y ^Far j.aitology amd Pathology; DIAGNOSIS ANIMAL Abscess (liver I'luke-lungs) Abscesses Abscesses Abscesses (Corynebac-terjum Abscesses (C. pyogenes j Abscesses Abscesses (staphylococcal) Abscesses (staphylococcal) Abscesses (streptococcal) Abscesses (streptococcal) Abscesses, unidentified Abscesses, unidentified Abomasitis Accessory kidney Actinobacillus lignieresi Actinomyces bovis Aelurostrongylus~abstrusus Anaphylactic shock Anaplasma marginale Anaplastic sarcoma Anthrax Anemia - Nematodiasis Anemia Anemia Arizor^ "0" 26: "H" 29-30 Arthritis (S, necrophoru^.) Arthritis (negative bacteria) Arthritis (staphylococcal) Arthritis (staphylococcal) Arthritis (staphylococcal) Arthritis (staphylococcal and streptococcal) Arthritis (streptococcal) Ascariasis Ascariasis Ascariasis Aspergillus fumigatus Aspergillus fumigatus (abortion) Atrophic rhinitis Bacillus (cervical swab) Bacterin found sterile Bacteraides nodosa Balantidium coli Bluecomb enteritis Bordetella bronchiseptica Botulism suspec'o Bovicola ovis Bronchiolitis obliterans Bronchopneumonia Br onchc pneumonia Brucella abortus NUMBER Cattle 1 Cattle 1 Horse 1 Cattle 1 Swine 1 Swine 1 Sm.ne 1 Sheep 2 3\-n.ne 2 MinJc 1 Deer 1 Elk 1 Cattle 3 Elk 1 Cattle h Cattle 1 Cat 1 Cattle 1 Cattle 3 Dog 1 Cattle 3 Cattle 1 Horse 2 Swine 3 Sheep 2 Swine 1 Svri-ne 1 Poultry 1 Swine 1 Horse 1 Svana 1 Antelope 1 Horse 2 Poultry 6 Swine 3 Poultry 1 Cattle 1 Swine 5 Horse 1 Cattle 1 Sheep 1 Swine 2 Poultry 1 Swine 2 Poultry 1 Sheep 3 Cattle 1 Cat 1 Cattle 1 Cat;;la 2 •23- DRGMOSIS Brucella abortus, satisfactory vaccine Brucella abortus^ unsatisfactory " Carcinoma of lung Cardiac failure Cardiac instifficiency Cellulitis (streptococcal) Cerebral hemorrhage Cervicitis (strept. and staph. ) Chabertia ovina Chorionic epitheleal metaplasia Chronic respiratory disease Clostridivun chauvei Clostridium hemolyticum Clostridium novyi " Clostridium novyi Clostridium perfringens Clostridium perfringens myositis Clostridium perfringens', Type D Clostridium septicum Clostridium septicum Clostridium sordellii ClostrTdium tetanus toxin C'hemidocoptes rnutans Coccidiosis Coccidiosis Coccidiosis (E, stiedae) Cclibacillosis Colibacillosis Colibacillosis Colibacillosis Colibacillosis Colibacillosis Corynebacterium psuedotuberculosis "noryn.abac ter ium p^rpgenes C'Tynebacteriuni pyogenes C''Tynebacter ium pyogenes llorynebact'eri^-im renale Coryza Cys tadeno car c inoma Cysticercus tar and i '. v"Gtic hyperplasia of uterus I^modex folliculorum L irmacentor sp. Dei-'macentor variablis Dxstemper Distemper Dry gangrene D'-rarfism Encephalomyelitis, sporadic Encephalomyelitis, avian ANIMAL NUIffiER ho 2U Sheep 1 Cattle 1 Cattle 1 Cattle 1 Cattle 1 Horse 1 Sheep 1 Sheep 1 Poultry 1 Cattle 17 Cattle 17 Cattle 6 Sheep 1 Cattle $ Swine 1 Sheep 9 Cattle 1^ Swine 1 Cattle 1 Sheep 1 Poultry 1 Cattle 3 Chicken 1 Rabbit 1 Cattle 13? Swine 10 Dog 1 Chinchilla 1 Poultry 2 Sheep 1 Sheep 3 Cattle 1 Sheep 1 Swine 3 Cattle 2 Poultry 1 Dog 1 Deer 2 Dog 1 Cattle 1 Cattle 1 Dog 1 Dog 1 Mink 1 Cattle 1 Catt:e 1 Cattle 1 Poultry 3 -2k- DI/.GNCSIS ANIMAL NUMBER Enteritis, hemorrhagic Cattle 1 Enteritis Cattle 1 Enteritis Chinchilla 1 Eosinophilic myositis Cattle 1 Epicarditis Cattle 1 Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Swine 3 Exudative dermatitis Swine 1 Exposure Swine 1 Exposure Cattle 3 E. coli bacterin produced Cattle 1 Fibroma Deer 1 Fibroma Horse 1 Fibroadeno carcinoma Dog 1 Fibroadeno sarcoma Dog 1 Fibrosarcoma Cattle 1 Fibrosarcoma Horse 1 Fibrosarcoma Poultry 1 Fibrosarcoma Swine 1 Flea larvae Cat 1 Frothy bloat Cattle 3 Fungus Cattle 1 Frictional acanthosis Dog 1 Gaffkya tetragena Cattle 1 Giardiasis Chinchilla 1 Glaucoma Dog 1 Goiter Sheep 1 "Greasy pig disease" Swine 1 Gastroenteritis, hemorrhagic Cattle 1 Gondiaceae worm 1 Helminthiasis Cattle 2 Helminthiasis Sheep 17 Helminthiasis Horse 5 Helminthiasis Poultry 2 Hepatitis, acute toxic Dog 1 Hepatitis, chronic toxic Cattle 2 Hepatitis, (focal necrosis) Sheep 1 Hepatic cirrhosis Cattle 1 Hepatic vein thrombosis Cattle 1 Hemophilus infection Swine 1 Hydrocephalus Swine 1 Hydrocephalus Cattle 1 Hydronephrosis Swine 1 Hydronephrosis Cattle 1 Hypoderma - organoohosphcrus reaction Cattle 3 Hypomagnesemia Cattle 2 Intestinal strangulation Swine 1 Intestinal strangulation Poultry 1 Ketosis (Jarosek's syndrome) Swine 1 Leptospira observed Cattl2 28 Leptospira suspect Cattle 15 Leptospira observed Swine 5 Leptospira suspect Swinr- 1 ■25- DL\GNOSIS AJJIM/IL NUMBER Leptospira observed Dog 3 Leptospira suspect Dog 2 Leptospira suspect Horse ]_ Leukosis Poultry h Linognathus vituli Cattle 1 Lipo sarcoma Horse 1 Listeria monocjrtogenes (abortion) Cattle 2 Listeria monocj'togenes Swine 1 Lumbar fracture and hypomagnesmia Sheep 1 Lumbar spinal cyst (Kypoderma bovis) Cattle 1 Lymphadenitis Cattle 1 Lymphocytoma Poultry 1 Lymphoma, malignant Dog 1 Lymphosarcoma Cattle 1 Malnutrition Poultry 2 Malnutrition Swine 3 Malnutrition Cattle h Ifelnutrition Sheep 1 Malnutrition Elk 1 Malnutrition liink 1 Mastitis (streptococcal) Rabbit 1 Mastocj'toma Dog 1 Meat - fit for human consumption Cattle 1 Meat - unfit for human consvjnption Cattle 3 Meat - unfit for human consumption Swine 3 Melanoma Dog 1 Mesenteric emphysema Swine J- Metritis Cattle 1 Mesothelioma Cattle 1 Mixed bacterial infection Cattle 25 Mixed bacterial infection Sheep 1 Mixed bacterial infection Swine 8 Mixed bacterial infection Poultry 2 Mixed bacterial infection Horse 1 Mixed bacterial infection Rabbit 1 Mixed mamraary t^Jinor (male) Dog 1 Mucoid enteritis Rabbit 1 Mucosal disease Cattle 5 Multiple stresses Sheep 1 Muscular steatosis Cattle 1 Myocarditis (staphylococcal) Cattle 1 Myobacterium paratuberculosis Cattle 1 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, var. avian Poultry 6 Mycotic gastritis Chinchilla 1 Mycotic dermatitis Horse 1 Myiasis Deer 1 Myopathy Cattle 1 Myopathy Sheep 1 Navel ill (strep, and E. coli) Cattle 1 Necrobacillosis Sheep 1 Nematodiriosis Cattle 3 Nephritis Mink 1 -26- DIAGNOSIS ANIMAL NWTBER Neur olymphomato s is Poultry 1 Neutrophilia Cattle 1 Normal histology Cattle 1 Normal histology- Sheep 1 Normal histology Poultry 1 Normal hematology Horse 1 Nutritional deficiency liver change Sx^ine 1 Omphalitis (Cl. septicun and strept,) Horse 1 Osteoclastoma Cattle 1 Osteosarcoma Eog 1 Osteopetrosis Poultry 1 Ostertagia cii-cumcincta Sheep 1 Otitis, mixed bacteria Cattle 1 Ovine virus abortion, inclusion bodies Sheep h Panleukopenia Cat 1 Paracolon ari?;onae Turkey 1 Paracolon Poultry 1 Paracolon Turkey 1 Paraplegia, suspect copper deficiency Cattle 1 Pasteurellosis Sheep 2 Pasteurellosis Rabbit 1 Pasteurellosis Swine 1 Pasteurella hemol;rticum Cattle 8 Pasteurella hemolyticum Sheep 1 Pasteurelia multocida Cattle h Pasteurella multoci3c?. Sheep 1 Pasteurella multocida Swir£ 2 Pasteurella multocida Poultry 2 Peritonitis Poultry 1 Peritonitis Swine 1 Penetrating esophageal wound Cattle 1 Perforating intestinal ulcer Cattle 1 Perforating abonasal ulcer Cattle 1 Photosensitization Cattle 3 Photosensitization Sheep 1 Pneumonia (staphylococcal) Sheep 1 Polyarthritis (corynebacteriura) Cattle 1 Polyarthritis (staphylococcal Swine 1 Polyserositis (strepococcal & staphylococcal) Sheep 1 Pulmonary emphysema Cattle 1 Pregnancy disease Sheep 1 Pseudomonas aeruginosa Cattle 1 P^eudomonas aeruginosa Cog 1 Psoroptes cervinus ELk 1 Pyelonephritis and anemia Horse 1 Pulmonary congestion Cattle 1 Poisoning - DDT-BHC suspect Cattle 1 Poisoning - sweet clover Cattle 1 Poisoning - salt Swine 1 Poisoning - Warfarin Poultry 1 P.Bticular penetration (§p. necrophorus) Cattls 1 RhiTDicephalus sanguineus Dcg 1 Rickets 2 ■27- DIAGNOSIS Ringworm Riiptured bladder Salmonella pullorum Salmonella typhimurium var. Gcper^:agen Salmonella typhiiauriiim var. Copenhagen Salmonella typhimiiriiijti Salmonella typh'.'inurium Baliaonella typhimur ium Salmonellosis Sarcina Sarcoid neoplasm Sarcoptic mange Schistosomus reflexus Septicemia (unidentified organism) Septicemia (unidentified organism) Septicemia (unidentified organism) Septicemia (unidentified organism) Septicemia (Corynebacteriiim pyogenes) Septicemia (Diplococci) Septicemia (Streptococci) Septicemia (Streptococci) Septicemia (Streptococci) "Skin tuberculosis" lesion Spherophorus necrophorus Spherophorus necrophorus S quamous -cell car c incm'a Squamous-cell carcinoma Squamous -cell carcinoma Staphylococcal dermatitis Staphylococcal dermatitis Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcic enteritis Staphylococci(cervical cultiores) Starvation Starvation Steatosis Streptococci Streptococci Streptococci Streptococci Streptococcal myocarditis Streptococcal polyarthritis Streptococcal rhinitis Stomatitis, ulcerative Taenia pisiformis Taeniasis Taeniasis Tetanus Teratoma Thysanosoma actinoidss Tracheitis, purulent ANIMAL NUMBER Transposition of Great Vessels -23- Chinchilla 1 Swine 1 Poultry 7 Pigeon 3 Cattle 1 Cattle h Horse 2 Swine 1 Duck 1 Cattle 1 Horse 1 Swine 1 Cattle 1 Swine 1 Poultry 1 Cattle 1 Chinchilla 1 Cattle 1 Cattle 1 Cattle 1 Horse 2 Swine 1 Cattle 1 Sheep 1 Cattle 3 Dog 1 Cattle 1 Horse 1 Cattle 1 Dog 1 Cattle 1 Cattle 1 Horses 2 Poultry 2 Antelope 1 Cattle 1 Cattle 8 Swine 5 Horses 3 Rat 1 Swine 1 Swine 2 Swine 1 Cattle 1 Dog 1 Canadian goose 1 Dog 1 Cattle 1 Cattle 1 Sheep 1 Poultry 1 Cartlo 1 DIAGNOSIS; ANIMAL NUl'IBER Trichoepithelioma Dog 1 Trichophyton Cattle 1 Trichophyton Hotse 1 Urinalysis, ■ nonftal Cog 1 Vaccine J (used) contaminated Chinchilla 1 Venous congestion, chronic Cattle 1 Verminous anaurism Horse 1 Vibrios ! demonstrated Cattle 9 Vibrios demonstrated Sheep 1 Vibrio fetus isolated Cattle 26 Vibrio fetus isolated Sheep 3 Vibrio spp. (non-pathogenic) Cattle 1 Visceral gout Poultry 2 Vulvo-vaginitis Cattle 1 1\lhite muscle disease Cattle 7 Wart vaccine prepared Cattle 1 Miscellaneous: Negative Anaplasma Cattle 2 II Anthrax Cattle 15 II Anthrax Deer 1 It Anthrax Flies 1 II Anthrax Sheep 1 II Anthra:<; Bonemeal 1 II Atrophic rhinitis Svjine 1 II Bacterial abortion Cattle 1$$ II Bacterial abortion Sheep li2 II Bacterial abortion Swine 1 II Bacterial abortion Horse 1 II Blood cultures Horse 1 11 Brucella abortus - Milk Cattle 3 11 CI. chauvei Cattle 3 II CI, hemolyticum Cattle 5 II Ci, perfringens toxins Cattle 12 11 CI. perfringens toxins Sheep 9 II CI. novyi Cattle 1 II coccidia Cattle 3 II Dirofilaria Bog 1 ti Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Swine U 11 IperytbjTozoon Cattle 1 11 Fowl pox Poultry 1 II Fusiformis nodosus Sheep 1 II Infec. bovine rhinopne^omonitis Cattle 1 It Helminth ova Cattle 7 It Helminth ova Sheep 8 It Helminth ova Horses U It Keminth ova Dogs 2 tt Leptospires Cattle 8 It Leptospires Cats 3 It Leptospires Swine 1 ti Listeria Cattle h It Listeria Swine 3 II Mange mites "29- Cat Me 8 DIAGNOSIS : ANimL MM3ER Negative mange mites mange mites mange m.ites M« tuberculosis M. tuberculosis It II II II II II II II II II II II 11 II II II It It It It It 11 It II It II II II It It II It II 11 II It II II II It M. tuberculosis Fasteurella tularengis Pathogenic bacteria 11 Malignant neoplasm Rabies n It II II II II II II II II Ringworm II Salmonella II " (feed) II Selenium Toxoplasmosis Urine sugar Vibrio fetus " Wnite muscle disease " Miscellaneous Normal histology Unsatisfactory specimens Total: Swine 1 Sheep 1 Dog 1 Cattle h Cat 1 Poultry 1 Water 1 Cattle 112 Horses h Sm.ne 23 Sheep 9 Poultry 12 Antelope 1 Deer 1 Rabbit 1 Dogs 3 Cats 2 Mink 1 Water 1 Horse 1 Dogs 2S Siauiks h Cats 11 Gopher 1 Bat 1 Mouse 2 Horse 1 Cattle 1 Chipmunk 1 Hamster 1 Rabbit 1 Cattle 1 Horse 1 Mink 1 Poultry 2 Swine 1 Swine 2 Cattle h Cat 1 Sheep 1 Cattle 2 Cattle h Various 113 Sheep 1 Various 32 17^3" -30- "^oble 3. Serology. SPECIES POSITIVE NEGATIVE SUSP. •;;nisat. •■-AC A'-.apIasmosis, CF Test Buffalo ni 1 7 II Cattle C3 637 35 43 1 t! Elk 8 180 96 71 5^ li Mocoe 2 B-, Abortus Agg. Test Ar.telcpa 1 II Buffalo '.if 1 11 11 II Cattle 1/0 42,473 1,321 15 II Deer 8'+ i; Elk 3 l,S4o 10 II Gcats 20 II Horses 1 29 3 II Moose 2 II II Sheep Swins ] c>3 1 " ABR Cream Test 5,351 20 5 " ABR Milk Test 4,660 58 15 Co hemolytlcum (Redwater) Cattle 1 Equine inf. anemia (HgCl2) Horses 12 Septospi rosis, Pomona Antelope 1 M II Buffalo 163 n II Cattle '35 3,7-1 84 II II Deer ' !, II II Dogs C ^ " Canicola Cogs 11 " Ictero Dogs 5 " Pomona n II Elk Horr.es 1,606 r.9 1 II II Mic3 15 II M Moose 2 ■1 II Sheep 1 I II II Sw i na 2 60 2 " Canicola Swine 1 " Ictero Swine 1 i;-.'7castl?. disease (HI Test) CI-::cken':; 1 M II II II Pigeon 1 Past. Tularensis Cattle 6 [••jllorum (Tube Test) Geese 11 167 11 4 Q, Fever (CAT Serum Test) Cattle 5- 875 7 lilt II II II Ljer 2 y. Fetus Vaginal Mucus, Agg. Test Cattle •J it3l 16 62,8o4 5 1,666 TOTAL 163 51 Serological Tests in Field: Truce 1 los is 1 1 Cattle Sv>, , ne 7 18,497 9 66 9 Pul lorum C^Tickens 55 68, 280 •'::iro]ogical Tests in Other L?hs . [iouri ne Horse 1 Glanders Horse 1 Rhinotrachei tis Cattle 1 Encephalomyel i t is Horr-2 1 TOTAL '£S c6,. v'O 66 9 GRA-.'j TOTAL £-:/ 143,654 1,733 172 51 ■nTAL_SERO!.OGICAL TFSTS — 1 '^ 1,-^i •> An i: : cc.np I er.-- n t a ry -3i 1 ** Table k. Milk Samples. Sacterial counts Col i form counts Food poisoning organisms Penici 1 1 in -"'Mastitis Q Fever Streptococcal coagulation TOTAL Cream Samples: Bacterial Counts Col i form counts Penici 1 1 in Q Fever TOTAL Excess or Pos i tive 385 634 9 405 150 3 r.586 Satisfactory or Negative Suspicious 3,252 1 479 1 3,544 278 2,261 9,815 41 174 88 124 1 215 13 Unsui t- able 1 29 6 IT 130 526 "Staphylococci Staphylococci and streptococci Streptococci Pseudomonas Hemolytic staphylococci Non- " " E. col i Corynebacteri um Pasteurel la hemolytica C_. pyogenes Yeasts Corynebacteri um & hemolytic staphylococci Hemolytic staph and strept 71 9 56 3 167 28 21 4 4 2 3 TOTAL MILK SAMPLE TESTS 12,094 -32- Table 5. Chemical Analyses. CALCIUM Hi Norm 1 Lev-,' PHOSFHOP :us MAGNESIUM H: Norm Low VIT. Norm 1 Low CAROTENE Norm Low SELENIUM Avian blood Hi norm L .0\-l Norm 6ov i ne b 1 cod 1 152 3^ 13 166 18 22 17 213 110 113 114 Equine blood 2'^ 16 12 8 6 11 Human blood 5 3 Porcine blood 7 1 7 1 3 2 Bovine hai r 1 Colostrum 7 2 Milk 3 1 Avian 1 iver 1 Bovi ne 1 i vers 15 15 Elk livers 13 Ovine 1 iver 1 Porcine 1 ivers 6 1 TOTALS 1 188 35 13 192 18 22 17 273 146 lis 1 127 1 Chemical Laboratory Tests - Tor. i CO logy : Stryc :h- Sod i urn Arsenic Cy ani ! de Lead Mercury ni ne Chloride Pos, . Neg, Pos . Neg, Pos, Neg. Pos, Neg. Pos. ixlec. Pc3. Neg, Bovine stomach contents c > 51 2 5 47 51 5 1 1 Canine " li 7 2 1 13 22 Fel i ne " II 2 2 2 5 Ovine " It 1 1 1 Porcine " II 6 5 k ) 1 Porcine intest. II 1 o 2 Bovine 1 iver & ki dnev I 18 19 16 Canine " II 3 ■? 3 Equine " " II 1 Ovine " " II 1 Porcine " " " 1 1 Mi seel laneous 1 23 2 13 17 21 2 17 2 TOTALS 7 ri5 2 7 95 17 100 15 49 4 2 Chemical Ana lye >es for Nit rate Content: Safe for Livestock Hay Samples 72 Chemical Analyses of V'ater 57 Water for Nitrate Analysis 1 Milk and Cream Samples for Chemical Analysis - 990 Salt - 3 Unsafe 21 TOTAL CHEMICAL ANALYSES 2,740 ■33- Table 6. Autopsies Performed, Antelope ' Bat 1 Canary ' Cats 7 Cattle 272 Chickens 222 Chinchillas H Chipnujnk I Deer ' Dogs 8 Ducks '^ Elk ' Elk calf 1 Goose 1 Goose, Canadian 1 Gophers ^ Hamster Horses Mink 5 Mouse 3 Pheasants ^ Pigeons 2 Rabbits 3 Rat 1 Sheep 1 ' 5 Skunks 2 Swine 97 Turkeys _Jil TOTAL 792 TOTAL LABORATORY TESTS ~ 82,^+24 TOTAL FtELD TESTS ~ ^*=>?^V- G R AND TOTAL " 169,355 -3k- MILK ANO DAIRY INSPECTiON Milk and cream are essentials in the diet of every family in Montana. Many young lives are dependent upon a safe milk supply. Ttie importance of the dairy and milk inspection work cannot be overemphasized. The responsibility assigned to the Livestock Sanitary Bosrd to assure that Montana's milk and crc=3m supply originates from healthy cows, is produced, handled, processed, and distribut- ed under rigid sanitary conditions, is most important — and a big job. To be certain that the milk and cream supply is always safe requires continuous checks, tests, inspections, and follow-up of these tests and inspections. The amount of work involved can partly be determined by the following tabla: Tab 1 e 1 . Summary of Dairy, Milk Plant, anc! Milk Inspection Work. of producer dairies issued licenses 579 of retail raw dairies issued licenses 28 of milk plants issued licenses 51 of dairy and milk plant inspections 1,988 of dairies degraded (incJudes 3 milk plants) 11 of dairy cows tested for tuberculosis 1^,809 of brucellosis ABR tests 5,876 of retail raw Q Fever tests 3,361 of bacterial tests - milk and cream 8,697 of antibiotic detection tests 3,769 of ch?.mica] analyses - miik and cream 990 All milk plants and their dairy producers and all retail raw dairies have been rated this past f!s;'nl year ac-G"-:!! ng to "Methods of Milk Sanitation Ratings of Milksheds", Puolic Health Service Publication No. 678. The ratings reflect the per cent of san'tj'.ion compliance with Livestock Sanitary Board regu- lations. It is our opinion that all dairies an:! milk plants producing milk and cream for fluid milk and cream consur,iptian should have a sanitation rating score of at least 90% or higher. All our endeavors are directed toward assisting the milk plants and dairies to obtain and maintain a 90% or higher sanitation compli- nnce score. If a 90% sanitation rating can be maintained, both the consumer and the dairymen can be assured that every precaution is being taken to prevent a milk- borne disease outbreak. The following table of sanitation compliance scores shows many dairies and milk plants maintain excellent sanitary standards, and at the same time shows that definite ir.iprovement in sanitation v;i i 1 have to be made in some if they are to assure their consumers a continual safe milk and cream supply. 1. No. 2. No. 3. No. k. No. 5. No. 6. No. 7. No. 8. No. 9. No. 10. No. 11. No. -35- Table 2. SANITATION COM PLIANGE SCOPES MLK PUNT CODE PLANT SCORE -PERCENT PRODUCERS' SCORE PERCENT 1 92 85.000 2 91 80.80U 3 36 60.556 k 57 6U.973 5 70 92.061 6 6h 70.2U3 7 Ik 57.500 8 11 83.000 9 98 95.357 10 86 91.971 11 67 91.0lili 12 S9 61.059 13 88 85.725 Hi 9S 67.000 15 85 73.000 16 93 92.337 17 93 95.572 18 19 86.157 19 78 86.517 20 65 71.1i02 21 82 87.989 22 8l4 93.000 23 79 75.U12 2k 6U 93.800 25 92 93.989 26 91 91.816 27 79 98.778 28 8I4 88.I432 29 96 87.308 30 75 75.316 31 60 53.233 32 90 83.550 33 98 96. 93k 3h 72 lS.Qk6 35 85 91.9SS 36 9k 53.000 37 9$ 95.000 38 96 75.526 39 83 85.870 UO 81 90. 907 Ul 73 62.705 1;2 96 66.311 ii3 57 89.36ii UU 83 81.281 U5 100 76.000 li6 78 6U.089 ii7 78 90. 025 U8 91 86. 702 U9 82 93.000 ■36- RETAIL RAW DAIRY SCORES CODE NWIBER SCORE-PERCENT R 1 85 R 2 91 R 3 80 R h 99 R 5 -. R 6 67 R 7 9h R 8 78 R 9 55 RIO 95 Rll 82 R12 88 R13 73 Rll; 79 R15 85 R16 83 R17 96 R18 58 R19 8U R20 81 R21 85 R22 61 R23 92 R2i. 83 R25 81 R26 U9 R27 71 R28 51 ■37- MEAT INSPECT! ON AND SLAUGHTERHOUSE INSPECTION Livestock Sanitary Board licenses were issued to 64 slaughterhouses and 3 meat depots during the fiscal year. A total of 76 slaughterhouse inspections were made. Meat Inspection - Meat inspection was maintained in 15 slaughtering establishments by the Montana Livestock Sanitary Board, At the start of the fiscal year, meat inspection was maintained by the U. S. Department of Agriculture in 5 establishments in Montana; two of these establishments closed during the year, leaving three at the end of the fiscal year. Forty-four small slaughtering establishments operate with- out inspection. The numbers of animals slaughtered during the fiscal year in Montana in the various establishments are as follows: Cattle Calves Swi ne Sheep TOTALS Meat Federal Inspection 55,000 200 181,880 350 237,it30 Meat State Inspection 3^,875 2,225 67,989 8,260 Meat No Inspection 9,500 305 11,191 130 11373^9 21,126 A total of 372,000 animals were slaughtered in licensed establishments last year. Of these, 6^+. 5% were slaughtered in the five plants under federal meat inspection, 30% in the 15 plfnts under state meat inspection, and 5.5% in the kk plants without meat inspection. There was an increase of 22% in the number of animals slaughtered under state inspection over last year. A total of 59 diseases and other conditions were found in animals slaugh- tered under state meat inspection which caused the entire animal or parts of the animal unfit for human consuription to be condemned. The following is the number of entire carcasses under state meat inspec- tion, found unfit for human consumption: Number of Animals 89i )58 3 22 272^ Est. Dressed Weight Cattle ~ 48,330 lbs. Swine 22,120 " Calves 6,000 " Sheep 1,034 " 0 T A L S 77,484 " In addition to the condemnation of entire carcasses, 37,868 parts were found unfit for human consumption and removed from human food channels, A total of approximately 196,352 pounds of potentially dangerous meat were condemned in the 15 plants under state meet inspection. -38 A detailed report of the post-inortein inspections, disease conditions foimd. and CDndemnations for the year, are included in the following table: SLWIARI OF POST-MORTEM INSPECTION SPECIES Food Cooking Condemned CATTLE 1 89? SWINE 67,«3l" CALVES 158 2,222 3 SHEEP 22 Totals; Diagnosis 3U,a75 ^ W79W 27223^ DISPOSITION OF CARCASSES AND PARTS Cattle Parts Swine Partsi Calves Parts Food Cook.Cond. Cond. Cond. Cond. Cond. ' Cond. Sheep Cond, bj260 Parts Cond. Abscesses 1 5 2% 2U 2217 U 182 Actinomycosis 1 299 1 Adhesions 1 1 h Arthritis j i 1 Ascites ! j 3 A trophic rhinitisi i 1 Bruises, injuries, etc.! k ^9 2 % 3 13 Cachexia i i li;^ 1 8 1 1 9 Gas. lymphadenitis ; 2 68 Cirrhosis ■■ r ■ ■ ■ 1 Contamination ilOO 367 Cystj.cercosis _I__1 i Cysticercus ovis ' ^ . I 1 59 Cysts j ^ Distomiasis uo Edema i 1 2 1 ' Enteritis , 1 , h 1 Enter otoxemia ' 1 1 Epithelioma j \ 22 9U I Erysipelas i 3 Heat stroke | 1 Hydr o ne phr o s i s I j 28 Icterus 1 1 2 26 ' 1 1 Keratitis ( r 1 Kidney infarcts j 1 3 LeuTcemia Livers condemned 1 1 i ! 200U5 1 «6U Lymphadenitis i 1 1 2 k lyiainutrition 1 . Melanosis . 1 Metritis 1 3 i 3 2 Neoplasms 1 ; 3 1 1 2B 1 Nephritis ! ! ! 1 1 Paralysis j 1 Parasitism 1 289 1 3«5 Pericarditis i 1 ! 56 3 $93 Peritonitis 1 9 \ Phlegmon ' 3 ! ■39- i-ijagnosis Pneumonia Cattle Parts Swine Parts Food Cook.iCond, Cond. Cond, Cond. Calves Parts Sheep Parts Cond, Cond, Cond. Cond. 15 Polyarthritis Purulent arthritis Pyelonephritis Pyemia Sarcosporidiosis Septicemia TE- Sex odor 21 "T Streptococcus I2F Taeniasis Tuberculosis TliW Uremia Urolithiasis Totals: 1 B9i' 933 liiV 26114; To 22 'mi BEEF LIVERS COMDEMNED: Abscess Cirrhosis Telangiectasis Sawdust Carotene sis Distomiasis Adhesions Melanosis Hemangeoma Contamination 6,66h 119 202 iiOli 8 1,600 6 7 1 17 Total: 9,028 -kO' RENDERING PLANTS Ten rendering plants were issued licenses by the Livestock Sanitary Board during the year. Rendering plants perform a very important service to the areas they serve. If these services are not performed in a manner that heed the basic concepts of sanitation and disease control, they can become a definite detriment to livestock and human health. It is our opinion and recommendation that more rigid enforcement of Livestock Sanitary Board regulations pertaining to rendering plants must be carried out. Time and personnel must be available to do this important work. SWINE GARBAGE FEEDING Nineteen garbage-feeding establishments were licensed during the year. There can be no doubt that the garbage-cooking law enacted in Montana has had many beneficial effects. Hog cholera and vesicular exanthema are no longer prcbVems. We are certain the trichinosis danger to man has been greatly reduced. With the cooperation of the USDA, ADED, 2^+5 inspections of garbage-feeding establishments were made during the year to enforce the garbage-feeding law and regulations, ARTIFICIAL INSEHINATION There was a marked increase in artificial insemi nators ' licenses issued this year. A total of kS were issued or renewed as compared to 22 last year. We wish to again thank the staff of Montana State College who so ably assist the Livestock Sanitary Board in carrying out the law for licensing artifi- cial inseminators by conducting a short course and examination to determine the qualifications of the license applicants, gUARANTIMEP FEED LOTS Seven quarantined feed lots were maintained in accordance with Livestock Sanitary Board regulations during the year. LITIGATION There was no litigation instituted during the fiscal year. We believe that this indicates the soundness of the laws and regulations of the Livestock Sanitary Board, especially when the volume of regulatory work done under these laws and regulations during the year is considered. The decision of the district court on the Lee vs. Livestock Sanitary Board case was handed down during the fiscal year. The Supreme Court, in a pre- vious decision, had stated that Section ^6-213, RCM 19^7, was "poorly worded". The district court decision declared the law as written "unworkable". -41- It is suggested that the livestock industry of Montana and the Livestock Sanitary Board, in view of these decisions, consider a revision of this law, if the stockmen wish to be able to petition the Board to establish disease-control areas. It does appear, that because livestock are assessed on a school district basis and the law requires that the petition determination be made from assessor's list on a township basis, this law could be clarified by revision. PERSONNEL One of the most serious problems confronted during the fiscal year was attracting and holding key scientific personnel on the staff, both in the field and in the laboratory. There is a keen competitive demand for competent veterinary scientists and, at the same time, overall, there is a shortage. It is imperative, if the Board is to meet its obligations, and if the livestock industry and the people of Montana are to be adequately and properly served, that competent veterinarians be attracted to the career of public service. It is recommended that the salary scales, the advancement and achievement oppor- tunities for important and key scientific positions continue to be studied so that the problem can eventually be solved. The accomplishments of the entire full-time staff and deputy state veterinarians are reflected in this report. It is a lot of work for so few. It is with pleasu'-e that I can report to the Board that the entire staff and all deputy state vetorinarians are a loyal and hard-working groiip. REGULATIONS The following regulation was adopted during the year: Chapter 31 - "Foot-Rot in Sheep" The following regulatioBS were revised during the year: Regulation 101, paragraph (aj ) - "Pasteurization temperatures" Regulation 3\], Section I!, paragraph B - "Area brucellosis certi f ication" ORDERS ISSUED The following orders were issued during the year: January 12, 1962 - Order No. 196 - "An Order Declaring Rosebud County a Modi fied-Certi f led Brucellosis Area" January 12, 1962 - Order No. 197 - "An Order Declaring Big Horn County a Modi fied-Certi fied Brucellosis Area" April 19, 1962 - Order No. 198 - "An Order Pertaining to the Importation of Dairy Calves Under Eight Weeks of Age" -if2- COOPERATING AGENCIES The Montana Livestock Sanitary Board's duties and responsibilities are accomplished through the cooperation, advice, and assistance of many. To the following, we express our sincere thanks: 1. Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, and Dr. 0. J. Halverson, who was In charge of their Montana activities 2. Montana Veterinary Research Laboratory, Bozeman 3. Rocky Mountain Laboratory, Hamilton k. Montana State Board of Health 5. U. S. Public Health Service 6. Montana Agricultural Extension Service 7. City and county health departments 8. Montana Stockgrowers Association 9. Montana V/ool Growers Association 10. Montana milk distributors 11. Montana milk producers 12. Montana hatcherymen -i+3- FINANCIAL STATEMENT July 1, 1961 through June 30, 1962 FUNDS AVAILABLE General Fund Appropriations Salary of Department Head Operation Meat Inspection Cap! tal Refunds Operation Meat Inspection Salaries & Expenses Encumbered Funds from 6-3O-6I Total Livestock Sanitary Board - Fund I5I Cash Balance 6-3O-6I ^Livestock Taxes Interest on U. S. Bonds ($75,000 (S) 2.76%) Refunds (Fund 302-1) Refunds (Fund 302-2) Total Total All Funds Available $ 10,000.00 117,090,00 60,000.00 3,000.00 324.78 317.25 156.98 $149,631.57 107,439.69 2,070.00 2,342.19 237.59 $190,889.01 261_J_21 .04 $452,610.05 EXPENDITURES General Fund Salary of Department Head Operation Meat Inspection Capital Salaries & Expenses Total Livestock Sanitary Board - Fund 1;1 Operation (Fund 302-1) Brucellosis Control (Fund 302-2) New Diagnostic Laboratory Building (Fund I5I) Total Total All Expenditures BALANCES 6-30-62 General Fund Livestock Sanitary Board Fund Total $ 10,000.00 116,247.31 53,393.20 2,399.00 123.96 $111,779.99 20,165.97 29,474.85 $ 8,725.54 100,297.23 $182,163.47 161,423.81 343,587.28 $109,022.77 I96I-I962 Appropriation from Livestock Sanitary Board Fund I5I Operation (Fund 302-1) $170,070.00 Brucellosis Control (Fund 302-2) 20,000.00 Total: $190,070.00 Reserve -'-VReserve Total in U. S. Government Bonds in U. S. Government Bonds Reserve Funds - Fund - Fund 151 150 (Including Interest) $ 75,000.00 81,435.20 $156,485.20 vr;~A- Li cense Fees Collected $ 2,195.00 ■'<■ 3 mi I Is on cattle and sheep *!'<■ Designated to be held in reserve for emergency use in controlling dangerous disease outbreaks -^w'nVSubmitted to the State of Mon.; ■ - - General -44- Fund SinyiM/lRY OF MAJOR ACTIVITIES DURING THE FISCAL YEAR Dairy and milk plant inspections 1, 988 Slaughterhouse Inspections 76 Rendering plant Inspections 16 Cattle tested for Brucellosis test 96,079 Cattle tested for tuberculosis 30,679 Ante-mortem and post-mortem - meat inspection 113^3149 Animals inspected at markets 1,0^'U}2^9 Animals inspected for interstate shipment lfhS7,S3Q Sheep inspected for foot rot L|.6,2l6 Miscellaneous animal inspections 32^,686 Quarantined feedlot inspections 9 Pullorum- typhoid tests 68,339 Laboratory tests 98,276 Chemical analyses 2,7UO TOTAL TESTS, AMLYSES, AW IJBPECTIONS 3,29^,2^0 Licenses issued: Dairies and milk plants S laughter house s Rendering plants Garbage cooking establishments Artificial inseminators Total: 658 67 10 19 799 Re spe^*ftdiy^--siib;7iitted , State Veterinarian -kS- INDEX Anthrax 3 Atrophic Rhinitis 11 Artificial Insemination .... k] Bacillary Hemoglobinuria. ... 3 Bruce 1 Ids is - Cattle k Swine c . 11 Cooperating Agencies 43 Diagnostic Laboratory ..... 22 Diseases - Cattle , . . . , 3 Dog, 14 Horse 13 Poultry 15 Sheep 10 Swine. ........... 11 Veterinarians' Report, ... 20 Distemper - Horses . 13 Encephalomyelitis . . . . » . . 13 Feed Lots - Quarantined . . . , 41 Finances , kk Foot-rot - Sheep. „ 10 Foreword 1 Garbage Feeding 41 Helminthiasis 7 Hog Cholera 11 importation Report, ...... 18 inspection - Animal ..... IS Dairy 35 Meat 38 Milk ,.,.„.. 35 Milk Plant 35 Post-mortem 39 Rendering Plant 4l Slaughterhouse . , 38 Laboratory Reports - Autopsies. ........ 34 Bacteriology 23 Chemical 33 Parasitology ....... 23 Pathology 23 Serology 31 Litigation , . 41 Livestock importations. ... 17 Livestock Markets ...... lb Morbidity Report 20 Orders Issued ...,,.., 42 Personnel , 42 Photosensi tization 7 Pullorum Disease. ...... 15 Pulmonary Emphysema ..... 8 Rabies, . , 14 Redwater. . 3 Regulations - Revision of . . 42 Rh inopneumoni t is. ...... 13 Salmonellosis in Calves ... 8 Scabies - Sheep 10 Shipping Fever 9 Summary of Activities .... 45 Tuberculosis. ... 9