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Rawers 7 t ieee ea Ais, 4“ : gee: Gay ’ : —_ - f _ \ Ale ow Ce : -~ : z : > ra ey on ae a . a a : 7 Pei __- an \) ‘ | ee Wie IQnShaW, Rene \ A 5 ENGINEER DEPARTMENT, UNITED STATES ARMY. rer oOR T ULON . GEOGRAPHICAL AND GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONS AND SURVEYS WEST OF THE ONE HUNDREDTH MERIDIAN, IN CHARGE OF FIRST LIEUT. GEO. M. WHEELER, CORPS OF ENGINEERS, U. 8. ARMY, UNDER THE DIRECTION OF BRIG, GEN. A. A. HUMPHREYS, CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY. PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY OF HON. WM. W. BELKNAP, SECRETARY OF WAR, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ACTS OF CONGRESS OF JUNE 23, 1874, AND FEBRUARY 15, 1875. IN SIX VOLUMES, ACCOMPANIED BY ONE TOPOGRAPHICAL AND ONE GEOLOGICAL ATLAS. CHAPTER III. VOL. V.—ZOOLOGY. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, S75. \ TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL INTRODUCTORY LETTER, BY Dr. H. C. Yarrow, ACTING ASSISTANT SURGEON, U. S. A., SURGEON AND ZO6LOGIST * * * Cuarrer IIJ.—REPORT UPON THE ORNITHOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE IN PORTIONS OF NEVADA, Uran, Carrrornta, CoLtorapdo, NEw MEXICO, AND ARIZONA DURING THE YEARS 1871, 1872, 1873, aND 1874, By H. W. Hensuaw we * * * * * LIST OF PLATES. BIRDS. Puate I. Fic. 1. TryOTHORUS BEWICKI VAR. LEUCO- GASTER, AD. Fic. 2. COTURNICULUS PASSERINUS VAR. PER- PALLIDUS, AD. Prate II. PYRANGA ZSTIVA VAR. COOPERI, ¢ AD. PuLatTE III. PYRANGA ZSTIVA VAR. COOPERI, 2 AD. Prate IV. Fia. 1. CHRYSOMITRIS PSALTRIA VAR. ARIZONA, gf AD. Fic, 2. CHRYSOMITRIS PSALTRIA, f AD. Prater V. L&UCOSTICTE AUSTRALIS, ¢ AD. Pratt VI. LEUCOSTICTE AUSTRALIS, Q AD. Prater VII. Fig. 1. ZONOTRICHIA LEUCOPHRYS VAR. GAM- BELT, AD. * * * PriatE VIL—Continued. Fic. 2. ZONOTRICHIA LEUCOPHRYS VAR. INTER- MEDIA AD. Puate VIII. JUNCO OREGONUS VAR. ANNECTENS, ¢ AD. PLATE IX. JUNCO CINEREUS VAR. DORSALIS, AD. Pratr X. JUNCO CINEREUS, AD. PLATE XI. POOSPIZA BELLI VAR. NEVADENSIS, AD. Puatr XII. CYANOCITTA ULTRAMARINA VAR. ARIZONA, AD, Prate XIII. PERISOREUS CANADENSIS VAR. CAPITALIS, AD. PLATE XIV. MYIODYNASTES LUTEIVENTRIS, ¢ AD. PLATE XV. ASTURINA NITIDA VAR. PLAGIATA, AD. * * * The plates illustrating this volume were engraved and printed by Messrs. Thos. Sinclair & Son, of Philadelphia. The bird plates were drawn from nature by Mr. Robert Ridgway, of the Smithsonian Institution. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. Unirep States ENGINEER OFFICE, GEOGRAPHICAL EXPLORATIONS AND SURVEYS West oF THE ONE HUNDREDTH MERIDIAN, Washington, D. C., February 5, 1875. Genera: | have the honor to transmit herewith a report based upon the results of the examinations of the collections in zodlogy, made by the several field parties of the survey during the years 1871 to 1874, inclusive. In the examination and identification of these collections, several gen- tlemen, eminent in this branch of scientific investigation, have cheerfully rendered valuable assistance, and their reports, together with those by members of the survey, constitute the subject-matter of this volume. The general collation of the data and supervision for publication has been intrusted to Acting Assistant Surgeon H.C. Yarrow, United States Army, in addition to his duties as medical officer during and since 1872, in which he has manifested commendable energy. Skilled assistance in this branch was had for the first time in the expe- dition of 1871; the services of Acting Assistant Surgeon W. J. Hoffman, United States Amy, by detail through the Medical Department, and of Mr. Ferdinand Bischoff, having been secured. In 1872, Acting Assistant Surgeon H. C. Yarrow, United States Army, with the assistance of Mr. H. W. Henshaw, and incidentally of other mem- bers of the expedition, accomplished most satisfactory results. In 1873, the force was further augmented by the services of Acting Assistant Surgeons J. T. Rothrock and C. G. Newberry, United States Army, and Mr. John Wolf, collector. The field operations of the survey require the services of medical offi- cers in their professional capacity, yet not to such an extent as to preclude their availability for labor in other directions, hence their assignment to investigations in the important branches of zodlogy. 13 14 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. In an organization formed for exact geographical purposes, the auxiliary branches must of need be secondary to the main object; still, it is believed that this report will meet all just expectations, especially when the depend- ency under which the material was obtained and the limited additional expense incurred are considered. The collections made have generally been large, and include a fair pro- portion of new and rare specimens. Many of them have been forwarded to the Smithsonian Institution, and a number of crania and osteological specimens have been collected for the Army Medical Museum. The services of the gentlemen whose analytical reports are herewith, and of the officers of the Army who have rendered valuable assistance to the field parties, are gratefully acknowledged. To Brig. Gen. M. C. Meigs, Quartermaster-General United States Army, who has so fully sympathized with the objects of the survey, thanks are due. The active and hearty co-operation of the Medical Department, for which much is due to Surgeon-General J. K. Barnes and Assistant Surgeon- General C. H. Crane, in supplying medical officers with tastes for natural history work, has conduced largely to the gratifying results obtained. For want of space, the final Botanical Report has been excluded, and will appear separately as Volume VI, embracing results to the date of its issue. The accumulating material in the subjects of Ethnology, Philology, and Ruins will, as time and means permit, be consolidated into a separate report, with appropriate illustrations. In conclusion, I beg to express my hearty appreciation of the services of the professional gentlemen who have been engaged in this field of research. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, Geo. M. WureE.er, Lieutenant of Engineers, in Charge. Brig. Gen. A. A. Humrnreys, Chief of Engineers, United States Army. PE RODRET OY. LETT ER. Unirep Srares Encrneer OFFICE, GEOGRAPHICAL EXPLORATIONS AND SuRVEYS West OF THE ONE HUNDREDTH MerIpIAN, Washington, D. C., February 1, 1875. Sir: The following brief statement of the operations of the zodlogical work of the expedition for the years 1871, 1872, 1873, and 1874, based upon the collections made by different members of the party in this period, and -embracing an epitomized account of certain portions of the different Terri- tories visited by the collectors, may prove of interest, besides assisting in giving an idea of the features of the several regions as regards geographical distribution. Although the active operations of the expedition were inaugurated in 1869, owing to various circumstances it was not until 1871 that facilities adequate to a proper prosecution of natural history work, as an item of interest collateral to the special object of the survey, topography, were available. Anticipating at this time that the country through which the expedition must pass, being but little known and seldom visited, would prove a rich field for the study of the naturalist in developing the existence of many forms of animal and vegetable life, rare, if not new, to science, the services of Acting Assistant Surgeon W. J. Hoffman, United States Army, were secured, together with those of Mr. F. Bischoff, a collector of recog- nized skill and enthusiasm, to whom was confided the task of collecting. ' The points of departure in 1871 were: Carlin and Battle Mountain, Nev., on the Central Pacific Railroad; the point of disbandment, Tucson, Arizona; the area between these places extending about eight degrees in latitude, and longitudinally from the 110th to the 119th degree. The several rendezvous were: Belmont, Nev.; Camp Independence, Cal.; Cottonwood Springs, Nev.; Crossing of the Colorado River, Truxton Springs, Prescott, and Camp Apache, Arizona. on? b] y) 15 16 INTRODUCTORY LETTER. The expedition being divided, a collector was assigned to each of the main parties, who diverged therefrom in the vicinity of the rendezvous camps and other desirable points along the line of travel. In this way, facility was also afforded for visiting portions of Nevada, California, and Utah, which were minutely examined; special attention being paid to the areas in basins of drainage of large parts of the several interior basins, as Owens River, Death Valley, Amargosa Desert, Las Vegas Valley, valleys of the Muddy and Rio Virgen, southeastern edges of the San Francisco Plateau, Verde and Salt Rivers, and Rio Gila. The map of the region in question, however, affords a more graphic as well as a better explanation of the localities visited than would any written description. : The reports on the parts of the collection which were received show that the regions visited are possessed of great interest to the student of natural history, and with the study of the specimens themselves can hardly fail to extend greatly our knowledge of the range of the fauna and flora of North America. ‘ It is to be regretted that the great fire in Chicago left but few of the specimens gathered; those that remain, however, suffice to attest the reputa- tion for zeal and industry of the gentlemen by whom the collection was made, and are abundant evidence to warrant the belief that the collection entire must have been extremely interesting. , Confident, perhaps, of the recent universally marked increase in atten- tion to this branch of natural science, and of the great enthusiasm being manifested by foreign governments in kindred researches, and, perchance, not unmindful of the necessity for increased knowledge of our own fauna and flora, for the proper study of the fauna and flora of other lands, and that to this end specimens were necessary for comparison to establish the degrees of resemblance which exist between different bodies, in 1872 every facility practicable was afforded. In 1872, the natural history branch of the survey was placed in my charge, with Mr. H. W. Henshaw, as assistant. The expedition was organ- ized at Salt Lake City, where investigations were made in regard to the natural history of the vicinity of Great Salt Lake. From this point, Mr. Henshaw and myself proceeded south fifty miles ” INTRODUCTORY LETTER. 17 to Provo, Utah, where two weeks were most profitably spent in the vicinity of the city, the cations of the Wahsatch range, Utah Lake, and the Provo River. At Provo the two collectors separated, the former joining Lieu- tenant Hoxie’s party on the‘way to Eastern Nevada, while the latter pro- ceeded with your party through Spanish Fork Cafon to the valley of the Gunnison, and southward. Lieutenant Hoxie’s route was from Fairfield, Utah, making a detour westward to Fillmore, Utah, passing en route the Onaqui, Thomas, House, and Gosi-Ute ranges of mountains, and following quite closely the outward course of Captain Simpson in 1858 and 1859, the southern limit of the so-galled American Desert was crossed, the extreme western limit reached being Schell Creek Valley, Nevada. From this point, the direction was south by east to Snake Creek Valley, due east across Confusion Range, past White Valley, traversing the House Range by means of Dome Canon, south, to the crossing of the Sevier, a short distance above=Deseret City, and thence to Fillmore. : The country traversed by this party was, in most instances, here and there, for miles in extent, either wholly destitute of vegetation, or at times relieved of its frightful barrenness by patches of sage-brush or dreary alka- line flats; even the few streams and water courses met with were triflingly diminutive, while the vegetation on their banks bordered well on to sterility. From the uninviting and infertile character of the country, and the rapidity with which the party necessarily moved, results in the way of specimens were not remarkable, although those secured amply repaid the time spent in their collection, and seemed to fully mark many of the peculiarities of the fauna and flora of the districts traversed. . From Fillmore the march was southerly along the main range in exten- sion south of the Wahsatch, crossing this at Frémont’s Pass; thence to the eastern valley of the Sevier, which was followed south to Panquitch, at which point much interesting work was done near the town and lake of the same name. From Panquitch the route was south and west to the Rio Virgen, along which the course lay to Toquerville, a rendezvous camp. The party to which Mr. Henshaw, assistant, was attached, after cross- ing the main range, passed southward through Strawberry, Thistle, Sam 22% 18 INTRODUCTORY LETTER. Pitch, and Grass Valleys, through Frémont’s Pass westward to the regular wagon road, thence south to Toquerville. At the last mentioned point, minor party was organized for special operations, and consisted of two col- lectors and assistants. This section, under myself, proceeded south to Saint George, Utah, via Washington, Utah, thence westward and northward to Pine Valley, east to Harmony, and north to Beaver, and finally to Provo, where considerable time was spent, as at the commencement of the field work. By moving leisurely from point to point, and making detours from time to time to localities of special interest, many valuable specimens were secured, as well as much important information that it would hardly have been possible otherwise to have gained. Irom Provo, the party proceeded to Salt Lake City, and disbanded. The reports of the operations of the season will show that while much was accomplished of value to our own knowledge of the animal and vege- table characteristics of the region specially visited, the extensive collections obtained will enable a distribution ‘to foreign museums of duplicate speci- mens, many of them unique, and highly desired to fill gaps in the Old World representations of North American zodlogy. Finding that the results of the previous season fully warranted the increased facilities then afforded this branch of the expedition, it was determined in 1873 to prosecute with renewed vigor observations incident to this interesting study, and the following were named to continue the work, viz: Dr. J. T. Rothrock, Dr. C. G. Newberry, Dr. O. Loew, and Mr. H. W. Henshaw. The party rendezvoused at Denver, Colo.; Dr. Rothrock being assigned to Lieutenant Marshall’s party, Dr. Newberry to Lieutenant Russell's, and Dr. Loew to your own, Mr. Henshaw setting out in advance to make collections at special points. The party under Lieutenant Marshall left Denver, and proceeded west- ward through Middle Park, visiting Georgetown, Fairplay, South Park, Roaring Fork, Cochetopa, Saguache, and Tierra Amarilla. The party to which Dr. Newberry and Dr. Loew were attached operated in Northern and Southern New Mexico and Arizona; Mr. Henshaw joining Lieutenant Rus- sell’s party at Fort Wingate in Western New Mexico, and proceeded through Western and Southern Arizona. The very extensive collection of these gen- INTRODUCTORY LETTER. 19 tlemen fully attests their zeal and industry in their respective departments. To Dr. Rothrock, and his assistant, Professor Wolf, is due the credit of a botanical collection hardly surpassed under similar circumstances in point ° of number and variety of specimens, and to Mr. Henshaw that of a unique and unprecedented collection of 1,200 bird skins. In 1874, the results of the zodlogical collectors were simply unexam- pled, as a collection was secured excelling in value and magnitude that of any similar expedition. A party, consisting of Dr. J. T. Rothrock, H. W. Henshaw, and James M. Rutter, took the field early in May, and proceeded to Santa Fé, N. Mex., from which point their labors commenced. The route of travel selected was through portions of Western New Mexico and Arizona; the farthest southern point reached being old Camp Crittenden, not far from the Mexican boundary line, returning through Eastern Arizona and New Mexico to their point of departure in the latter part of December. Being independent of the topographical parties, they were enabled to care- fully study the fauna and flora of certain areas not previously investigated, and in addition acquired valuable meteorological data. Another party left Pueblo, Colo., in July, consisting of Prof. E. D. Cope, W. G. Shedd, and R. J. Ainsworth, in charge of myself, and was organized for the especial purpose of investigating beds of fossil vertebrates and invertebrates in New Mexico and Colorado. As a detailed account of the routes of travel of the different parties has already been given in your annual report for 1874, it is unnecessary to repeat it here. In addition, the main or supply party had the services of C. E. Aiken as collector, who was able to add very largely to the stock of material gathered; and Dr. O. Loew, with Lieutenant Price’s party, likewise furnished an important share. Besides the labors of the regular collectors, it is pleasing to note the co-operation of many of the members of the different parties, who offered every assistance in their power to swell the general aggregate of results, among whom were Lieutenants Marshall, Hoxie, Russell, Whipple, and Birnie; Dr. O. Loew; and Messrs. Keasbey, Klett, Thompson, Gilbert, Howell, and Brown. It is also mentioned with pleasure that, during the entire time covered by the field operations of the survey, all the officers at the different military posts visited, cheerfully rendered every assistance 20 INTRODUCTORY LETTER. desired, and to their courtesy and uniform kindness much of the success of the natural history operations is attributable. In the special work of preparing the reports relative to its collections, the expedition is under obligations to a number of distinguished scientists for their kind and gratuitous services in the work of identification of the individual specimens. The following are among the large number of the gentlemen in question: In the determination of— Birds, Prof. S. F. Baird; Dr. Elliott Coues, U.S. A.; Mr. Robert Ridg- way, of the Smithsonian; Prof. J. A. Allen; Mr. George N. Lawrence, of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York; Mr. C. Hart Merriam, of the Yale Scientific School; Dr. Thomas Brewer, of Boston; Mr. William Brewster, of Cambridge; Mr. Charles E. Aiken, of Colorado; and Capt. C. Bendire, U.S. A. “ I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. C. Yarrow, Acting Assistant Surgeon United States Army. First Lieut. Grorce M. WuHeeter, Corps of Engineers United States Army, in charge. Cea AS 1h By. Fr. REPORT UPON THE ORNITHOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE IN PORTIONS OF NEVADA, UTAH, CALIFORNIA, COLORADO, NEW MEXICO, AND ARIZONA, DURING THE YEARS 1871, 1872, 1873, ann 1874, BY H, WY HENSHAW. CeAce TER SEL. The following report is based upon the material gathered by the regular collectors of the expeditions, which has been increased by some few speci- mens from other of the survey assistants, during the field-seasons of 1871, 1872, 1873, and 1874. In 1871, the collection of birds, made mostly by Mr. F. Bischoff, was quite small, comprising sixty-four species, represented by eighty-eight specimens.* These came from various parts of Nevada and Arizona, the greater portion being found in the latter Territory, and were interesting as illustrating, in several instances, valuable facts regarding the geographical distribution of certain forms. The entire loss of Mr. Bischoff’s manuscript notes is greatly to be regretted, since doubtless was recorded in them much information concerning the birds making up the collection, which would have added very much to the value of the report. Besides the report of 1871, and in addition to my own work, which extends through the seasons of 1872, 1873, and 1874, it also includes the results in this department of Dr. H. C. Yarrow in 1872, whose labors, as well as my own, were confined chiefly to Utah. In 1873, the general results were further swelled by a collection of some two hundred birds, made by the joint exertions of Dr. J. T. Rothrock and Dr.C. G. Newberry. In 1874, besides much aid received from Dr. Rothrock and Mr. Jas. M. Rutter, who, with myself, were engaged during the entire season chiefly in Arizona, a valuable collection of fine skins, amounting to over three hundred specimens, representing no less than one hundred and fifteen species, were gathered in Colorado by Mr. C. E. Aiken, who accompanied the expedition as general naturalist. Be- sides many valuable specimens, which, by their labors, were added to the collection, I am indebted to each of these gentlemen for certain information -respecting the habits and range of species, some of which were not met with by myself at all. “These, at least, were all that were received at the office. Some of the season’s results were lost by fire. 133 134 ZOOLOGY—BIRDS. All such notes have been made available, and in each instance will be found accredited to its proper source. In 1872, the months inclusive from July 15th to December were spent in the field, during which time over six hundred birds were collected by Dr. Yarrow and myself, including one hundred and sixty-five species. The route taken was a varied one; but, in general, the line of travel may be stated as a southern or southwestern one, from Salt Lake City to Saint George, the extreme southwestern settlement in the Terri- tory. Many of the lines of travel led over plains of sage-brush and wastes of sand, remarkable for little else save the desolate character seen in every feature of the landscape and the paucity of animal life. In the neighborhood of the streams, however, where vegetation always grows luxuriantly, and especially in the vicinity of the towns, birds were found in considerable num- bers, and often the number of species was considerable. The mountains, too, furnished some interesting varieties, though less time was spent among them than would have been desirable, since it is in the more elevated regions that the heavy growths of forest and profuse vegetation, attain their greatest luxuriance, dependent as they are almost entirely upon the amount of annual rain-fall, which, in the high mountains of these regions, is very considerable. In 1874, the time was spent in sections of country far more favorable to the successful prosecution of zodlogical work in general, while certain points proved especially interesting to the ornithologist. As a result of the season’s labors of Dr. Rothrock, Dr. Newberry, and myself, more than two hundred species of birds were obtained, included in an aggregate of very nearly twelve hundred specimens, many of which were of great rarity, and one (Eugenes fulgens) new to our fauna. Others also were noted, and their identity ascertained beyond doubt, of which no specimens were secured. The following brief réswmé of the season’s work, indicating the points where any considerable intervals of time were spent, may prove of interest. In accordance with orders received, I made an early start, and arrived in Denver the 5th of May, 1873, intending to proceed directly to Fort Gar- land, Col., a locality which had been selected as affording a promising field for zodlogical work, more especially in ornithology. Through the unavoidable detention of my collecting material, my stay in Denver was prolonged for more than two weeks. This interval till the 22d of May INTRODUCTORY NOTES. 135 was spent in making daily excursions in the vicinity of the city, more especially along the banks of the Platte River, which is here tolerably well timbered, principally with cottonwoods, and on Cherry Creek. At the time of my arrival, I found the season quite backward, and the vegeta- tion was little, if any, in advance of what I left in the vicinity of Boston. But few of the trees had fairly begun to leaf out, though before my departure the cottonwoods and many others were far advanced in this respect. The observations made at this time are believed to be posessed of very considerable value, as giving the time of arrival of a large num- ber of species; while the capture of quite a number is of especial interest, as extending their range much farther to the west than was hitherto known. The fauna in the vicinity of Denver is perhaps best compared with the Carolinian of the Eastern Province; but the list presents such a number, as would naturally be expected from the early season at which the collec- tion was made, which are to be regarded merely as migrants, and which spend the summer far to the northward. Fort Garland is situated in Southern Colorado, on the lowest bench of the Sierra Blanca Mountains, distant twenty miles east of the Rio Grande, in latitude 37° 25’ north, longitude 105° 26’ west, and. has an elevation of 7,600 feet above the level of the sea. Immediately surrounding the post is a sage brush plain, which to the northward and westward stretches away for many miles, presenting the same unvarying characteristics, but to the north and east is broken up by volcanic ridges, which are soon lost in the foot hills of the mountains. The foot hills are well clothed with pinons and cedars. From May 24 till June 3, the time was spent in making collections in the immediate vicinity of the fort, more particularly upon the creeks which flow through the plain, and are well timbered with cottonwoods, and in many places skirted by heavy brush. As might be expected, the imme- diate neighborhood of these streams affords a home for large numbers ot birds; the number of species, however, not being great, and of these by far the larger part are of the smaller insectivorous kinds. The almost total absence of the large rapacious birds was very noticeable, and during my whole stay in the region I saw but two (Buteo calurus and Bubo arcticus). A week’s camp in the pine woods at the base of Mount Baldy, some 136 ZOOLOGY—BIRDS. twelve miles to the north of the fort, at an approximate elevation of 9,500 feet, added numerous varieties to the list, many of which were not met with at all farther down, and also afforded an opportunity of observing the vertical range of many of the species. The timber consists mainly of the yellow pine, which here attains a large size, interspersed with more or less spruce. Of the deciduous trees, the aspens were the only numerous representatives ; these grew in thick groves on slopes of the mountains, and often attain a great elevation, sometimes, indeed, forming the timber limit above the pine. The small streams are thickly skirted with many deciduous bushes and shrubs, prominent among which are the willows and alders. The fauna at this point is analogous to the Canadian. On returning to Fort Garland, I was afforded an opportunity of making a week’s trip to the summer cavalry camp established on the banks of the Rio Grande, ninety miles northeast of the fort. Here I was most kindly received by Captain Carraher and Lieutenant Pond, officers in charge, who extended to me every courtesy and aid. The number and variety of the birds found along the Rio Grande at this point did not differ in any noteworthy respect from those in the vicinity of Fort Garland, and the collecting trips made into the mountains, which rise a few miles from the banks, gave similar results to those obtained at Mount Baldy. Returning to the post June 19, a short trip was made to a series of alkali lakes, thirty miles northwest, and some interesting facts obtained regarding the nidification of the water birds. The remaining time, till July 2, was occupied in making daily excursions from the fort. In conclusion, I cannot refrain from mentioning the uniform courtesy I received from each and all of the officers of the post. ‘To Colonel Alexander, the commanding officer, to Captain Jewett, and to Lieutenant Hartz, whose hospitality I enjoyed during my stay at the post, Iam greatly indebted. Every possible aid in the prosecution of my work was extended. Leaving Southern Colorado July 2, I arrived at Fort Wingate, N. Mex., the 12th. During a week’s delay, attendant on fitting out the several parties, short trips were made into the neighboring region ; Dr. Newberry and myself accompanying the party on each occasion, and making col- lections in zodlogy. Owing to the rather desolate nature of the country, INTRODUCTORY NOTES. 13t these, however, were not very extensive; the birds especially being found rather scarce. Starting from Fort Wingate July 19, a southwesterly course was pursued, our destination being Camp Apache, Ariz., where we arrived August 2. During this interval, as we moved slowly, I was enabled to spend considerable time in making collections, and some very interesting results were obtained, especially in the way of birds. Irom August 2 till September 6, collections were made by Dr. Newberry and myself in the vicinity of Camp Apache and the adjoining White Mountains. This region proved very interesting ornithologically; and, indeed, the general collections made here were perhaps larger than during any other equal period through the season. rom here southward, quite a distinct change in the character of the avifauna was noticed, and a number of species were noted either in the vicinity of Camp Apache or a few miles to the northward, that probably find their northward limit here. Such are Pyranga hepatica, Peucea ruficeps vay. boucardi, Cyanocitta ultramarina var. arizone, Setophaga picta, Melanerpes Jformicivorus, ete. The Gila River was crossed at a point some sixty miles south of Camp Apache, and a few days’ stay along the river gave valuable results in zoology. We arrived at Camp Bowie, Ariz., the southernmost point reached, October 6. From here our route led northward to the Gila River, which was followed to its sources in New Mexico, after which a general northward course was taken for Fort Wingate, which was reached Novem- ber 27, when the field work ended. Though no new species were detected, one (Hugenes fulgens) was added to our fauna, and numerous specimens secured of rare and little known species, while the geographical range of quite a number was widely extended. During the last month, the results in zodlogy, owing to the lateness of the season, were rather meager. Thus, the region in which most of the obser- vations following were made may be stated in general terms to be the south- eastern portion of Arizona and Southwestern New Mexico. Mr. Aiken’s route during the season of 1874 may be briefly indicated as follows: From the 23d of July till the 5th of August, the time was spent in the neighborhod of Pueblo, Colo., careful observation here, at this vather unfavorable time, resulting in the note of no less than fifty species 138 ZOOLOGY—BIRDS. of birds, all of which had without doubt nested here at an earlier period. Pursuing a southwestern course from Pueblo, over the plains, skirting the Green-Horn Mountains, Fort Garland was reached on the 14th of August, through the Sangre de Cristo Pass. Among the birds obtained here was the Rufous-backed Humming Bird (Selasphorus rufus), not hitherto known from this region. The mountains to the eastward of Fort Garland were next entered, and here was noted a quite unexpected paucity of bird life, both in the number of species and the num- ber of individuals. The capture here of the Band-tailed Pigeon (Columba fasciata), and the ascertained fact that it is a summer resident at this point, proves a most interesting item in the history of the species, whose range is thus extended far to the eastward. Leaving Fort Garland, Mr. Aiken’s party proceeded to the southwest, through the San Luis Valley, afterward ascend- ing to the sources of the Conejos River. In the canon of this river, the Townsend’s Warbler, a bird unknown from this region, was secured. At Blaine’s Peak, at an altitude of 13,000 feet, Mr. Aiken enjoyedan opportunity of seeing and obtaining quite a number of specimens of the White-tailed Ptarmigan (Lagopus leucurus). Reaching Pagosa Springs on the 5th of September, two weeks were spent in the vicinity, including a trip into the Gallinas Mountains, New Mexico, and no fewer than eighty species of birds were ascertained to occur in this region within an area of fifty miles; this proving to be the most productive as well as the most interesting ground of the season. Leaving Pagosa on the 21st of September, a more or less direct route was followed back to Fort Garland, thence to Pueblo. The Alkali Lakes near Fort Garland, mentioned previously, were first visited, andlarge numbers of water-fowl, ducks, geese, and waders seen. Besides the collection of some three hundred and twenty-five birds made during this brief period, a large number, when is taken into consideration the unfavorable time of year and the haste which necessarily attended the movements of the party to which Mr. Aiken was attached, many of the notes which he was able to make are of great value, and several important items of distribution were elucidated. The route pursued by the zodlogical history party composed of Dr. J. 'T. Rothrock, Mr. J. M. Rutter, and myself coincided in general with the one followed in 1873; but, as the party was organized mainly with a view to the INTRODUCTORY NOTES. 139 prosecution of zodlogical and botanical work, far more success attended our efforts than ever before, since it was possible to regulate our movements, to a greater or less extent, according as the nature of the region traversed afforded favorable or unfavorable opportunities for work. At Santa Fé, the point of our departure, a vexatious detention of nearly three weeks was experienced at the outset, owing to an unavoidable delay in means of transportation. This was the more disastrous, since it occurred in June; and being the time when nearly all the birds are breeding, a most valuable opportunity was lost of learning the history of the birds at the most interesting period of the year, as well as obtaining the nests and eggs of many species of whose nidification nothing or next to nothing is known. The time here, however, was by no means lost, though the rather deso- late barren foot-hills in the neighborhood of the town presented by no means an attractive field to the ornithologist. Once on the road, we lost no time in reaching Fort Wingate, N. M., and from there made speedy marches to Camp Apache, Ariz., where the opportunities for ornithological work may be said to have commenced in earnest. Our orders not allowing at this time a more thorough research through the White Mountains of this region, a section, it may be remarked in passing, possessed of much interest to the ornithologist, and one which would amply repay a careful examination, a few days only were spent here, perhaps the most important result being the discovery of the Cardellina rubrifrons, a Mexican bird, thus ascertained to be a resident of our territory, some point, not much if any, to the north of here constituting probably its extreme northern limit. Keeping to the north, we crossed the Gila River at the same point as on the previous season. As I had looked forward with great interest to the study of the avifauna at this point, and had anticipated some valuable developments with respect to the distribution of species, I was much disap- pointed that circumstances made it necessary for us to proceed without delay. A thorough study of the birds of the valley here would probably be found to show that in its general character the avifauna approximates very closely to the character of that of the Colorado Valley, and hence is much more southern in its aspect than is the region immediately to the south, and 140 ZOOLOGY—BIRDS. that indeed to find features as distinctively southern in character it will be necessary, passing over the intervening region to the south, to reach nearly or quite to the extreme southern border. Simultaneously with our arrival on the Gila, and accompanying us to the southward, we noticed two species, Cassin’s Finch (Peuc@a cassini) and the Hooded Oriole (Icterus cucullatus), while the Abert’s Finch (Pipilo aberti), noted in great abundance on the Gila both at this time and later, disappeared finally as we left the valley. Reaching Camp Grant August 1, two or three days spent in collecting along the creeks as they flow from the mountains and sink in the sand a few miles out on the plain, with several days occupied in the pineries of the neighboring Mount Graham, were well rewarded. The Cardellina rubrifrons, first noted near Camp Apache, was at the last named locality found in abund- ance ; while another, the Mexican Snowbird (Junco cinereus), supposed to be an exclusive inhabitant of Mexico, was found to be a common resident of the pine woods. In addition, the Hugenes fulgens, a humming-bird, men- tioned above as new to the fauna, was found breeding at an elevation of 9,500 feet, and the nest secured. Camp Bowie, where the next halt was made, proved a most excellent station, and, besides the capture of quite a number of little known species, a beautiful humming-bird (Doricha enicura) was here found for the first time within our limits. From here our route led to the southwest, and in the neighborhood of old Camp Crittenden some two weeks were profitably spent, and no less than three additions to the number of our birds were here made: Myiodynastes luteiventris, Circe latirostris (the Ciree Humming-bird), and Picus stricklandi (Strickland’s Woodpecker) ; the last named of which, a rare species even in Mexico, heretofore its only known habitat, was found to be common, while of the two former, several specimens of each were procured. Our next objective point was Camp Lowell, where the few days, during the first of September, we were able to spend gave valuable results in the acquisition of two species hitherto almost unknown, Harporhynchus bendirei and Peucea carpalis. Turning northward from here, a second visit was made to Mount Graham, September 18, with results fully equal to those of the preceding reconnaissance. Three specimens of the Olive-headed Warb- ler (Peucedramus olivacea), a species supposed to belong only to Mexico, INTRODUCTORY NOTES. 141 were secuied, and the Mexican Crossbill (Curvirostra mevicana) ascertained to be a common resident of these mountains. From here our progress northward was by nearly the same route used in coming; the lateness of the season preventing any very extensive collections being made, the field work practically ending at Camp Apache about the middle of October, a week’s trip into the mountains at this date showing an almost total absence of birds. The Dusky Grouse (Zetrao obscurus) was ascertained to occur high up in the mountains, a fact of much interest, as it has been stated that none of this family even entered the Territory. The collection of birds made by the party during the season amounted to rather more than one thousand specimens, while in other departments of zoology the results were equally large. Eight species, new to our fauna, were obtained, while a ninth (Urubitinga anthracina) was observed. In the report, I have endeavored to bring together all the material gathered by the efforts of the different members of the survey, and to make it a complete exponent of what has been added, as the results of the survey, to our ornithological knowledge. No birds have been introduced that have not actually been taken or observed by the expedition. In all cases where I have utilized the notes of observers other than members of the survey, attention is called to the fact. It is, of course, greatly to be regretted that in so many instances the notes are meager, presenting, instead of a com- plete biography, only a detached, and, in too many cases, a very unsatis- factory, portion of the history. It will be remembered, however, that the circumstances under which most of the collections have been made have been in the last degree unfavorable to obtaining a minute detailed knowledge of the species which have fallen under observation. The char- acter of a topographical survey necessitates frequent changes from one place to another, and the naturalist must seize his opportunities ‘as they occur, while he is frequently compelled, by the exigencies of the general work, to forego many excellent chances, and to pass rapidly over sections which would well repay most careful scrutiny, or, in some instances, to forego all work on account of the needed time, which, when it comes, may find him in a region but little calculated to invite attention. Added to these consid- erations is the fact that the time of year at which the parties have been able 142 ZOOLOGY—BIRDS. to take the field has generally been too late for any investigations into the nesting habits of the birds, and for this reason the notes relative to their peculiarities at this period are nearly wanting. The classification and nomenclature followed for the Land Birds is that adopted by Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, in their recent work on “North American Birds”; for the Water Birds, that given by Dr. Coues in his “ Check List” is used. As being less cumbersome, the technical names have been followed only bythe original describer’s name, this being inclosed in parentheses when not also the authority for the nomenclature. In many cases, each species is followed by a complete list of the birds collected, the date and exact locality of their capture, with the collector’s name, this being a ready method of indicating with precision the locality from which they were derived ; while a large number of measurements have also been taken, where the rarity of the species has seemed to make this a matter of importance, and also when the specimens have been collected at widely separated points, to show the amount of variation produced by climatic and other causes, as also the amount of individual variation. In many cases, however, it has not been thought advisable to present a full enumeration; the context sufticiently showing the results of the investigations, of which the specimens are merely the indices. Probably not more than one-half of the three thousand birds —for the number of the four years’ work reaches quite to this figure—are thus mentioned. In the preparation of the synonymatie lists, endeavor has been made to bring together only such references as have a bearing more or less directly upon the region embraced by our investigations, and, within this scope, to make them as nearly complete as possible; the value of such references in their bearing upon the facts of geographical distribution being well known. In this part of the work, the labor has been much lightened by the admirably full tables given by Dr. Coues in his recent work on the “ Birds of the Northwest.” To this gentleman, and also to Mr. Robert Ridgway, of the Smithsonian Institution, and to Dr. H. C. Yarrow, I am under obligations for much kindly advice and assistance. PASSERES—TURDIDAE—TURDUS MIGRATORIUS. 143 ORDER PASSERES: PERCHERS. Fam. TURDIDAE: THRUSHES. TURDUS MIGRATORIUS, L. Robin. Turdus migratorius, Linn., Syst. Nat., i, 1766, 292—WoopH., Sitgr. Exp. Zuni & Col. R., 1854, 72.—Bp., Ives’ Colorado, 1857-58, pt. iv, 5.—NEWB., P. R.R. Rep., vi, 1857, 81.—Bp., B. N. A., 1858, 218.— HEERM., P. R. RB. Rep., x, pt. iv, 1859, 45.—Xanrus, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila, 1859, 190.—Coop. & Suok., P. R. R. Rep., xii, 1860, pt. ii, 172.—Hayp., Trans. Am. Phil. Soe., xii, 1862, 159.—Bp., Rev. A. B., 1864, 28.—Cs., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, 82.—Coop., B. Cal., i, 1870, 7—SNnow, Birds Kansas, 1872, 6.— ALLEN, B. M. C. Z., 1872, 173.—Cs., Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 71, fig. 13.—YAr- row & HensuAw, Rep. Orn. Sp., 1872, Wheeler’s Exp., 1874, 5.—HEN- sHaw, A. L. N. H.N. Y., xi, 1874, 2.—Id. A. L. B. U., 1872, Wheeler’s Exp., 1874, 2.— HENSHAW, Rep. Orn. Sp., 1873, Wheelei’s Exp., 1874, 56, 70, 96.—B. B. & R., N. A. B., i, 1874, 25, pl. ii, fig. 3—ALLEN, Proce. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1874, 15, 18. Turdus (Planesticus) migratorius, Cs., Proc, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 64.—MEn- RIAM, U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1872, 670. Planesticus migratorius, HENRY, Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 106, The Robin, so well known in the East and so great a favorite with all, was met with at various points throughout Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona. In Utah, it was usually found in the neighborhood of settle- ments, building close to the houses, and exhibiting the same traits of socia- bility and confidence as elsewhere. At Provo, it was very common, where a few years since it was unknown; the advent of this, as of several other well known birds, following the occupation of the soil and its subsequent tillage by the settlers. At Denver, where it began to nest about May 10, and near Fort Garland, in Southern Colorado, it was a moderately common species; the nests being frequently seen in the cottonwoods along the streams. Here the birds had availed themselves of the presence of sheep in the neighbor- hood, and several nests were examined, which were composed almost wholly of wool. In Arizona and New Mexico, the species was less common, but in the fall was occasionally met with in the timber lining the streams 144 ZOOLOGY—BIRDS. and in the piny woods of the mountains. At the Old Crater, forty miles south of Zuni, N. Mex., the species was present in large flocks the 2d of November. The surrounding hills are covered with low scrubby cedars, and upon the berries this and other species largely subsist at this late season. It winters in many of the canons of Southern Utah, where food may be had in plenty, as also in the lower portions of Arizona. wo, Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. Wing. Tail. | 3ill. | Tarsus. | 27 |Q ad. | Fort Wingate, N. Mex ....| July 12, 1873 | Dr. C. G. Newberry.| 5. 23 | 4.10] 0.73 | 1.15 | 64 | ad.| South Park, Colo ......... June 27, 1873 | Dr. J. T. Rothrock. .| 5.32 | 4.28 | 0.83] 1.24 2 3 jun. | Pueblo,)'Golo”.-22<2 - <-.a92+ July 23, 1874 | CoB Aiken = 2-2/2. | 5-14 | 4.17 | 0. 72 1.27 TURDUS PALLASI, Cab., var. AUDUBONI, Bd. Audubon’s Thrush. Turdus auduboni, Bp., Rev. Am. Birds, 1864, 16.—Ripew., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., 1869, 129.—S1EVENSON, U.S. Geog. Surv. Terr., 1870, 463. Turdus pallasi var. auduboni, Cs., Key N. A. B., 1872, 72.—HENSHAW, Rep. Orn. Sp., 1873, Wheeler’s Exp., 1874, 71.—Id., A. L. N. H. N. Y., xi, 1874.—Id., A. L. B. U., 1872, Wheeler’s Exp., 1874, 39.—Cs., U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., B. N. W., 1874, 3. Turdus pallasi, ALLEN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool, iii, 1872, 173 (mountains of Colorado from 8,000 feet to timber-line ; Ogden, Utah). The Audubon’s Thrush appears to be a common summer inhabitant of the high Rocky Mountains from Utah to the southward; its chosen retreats being the deep recesses of the pine woods, but ranging thence upward in the more open groves of aspens to the tops of the highest peaks wherever the limit of trees and shrubbery extends so far. At this season, it appears not to be found lower than 8,000 feet. A temporary camp, near Mount Baldy, in Southern Colorado, was made at this elevation ; and my occasional tramps up the mountain sides in the early morning were often rewarded by choruses, in which these birds were the chief performers, that elsewhere | have never heard equaled. So numerous were they that, after remaining quiet for a few moments, till the alarm caused by the noise of my approach through the tangled masses of uprooted trees had subsided, I have been able to count distinctly eight of these birds. The effect of this burst of melody PASSERES—TURDIDAE—TURDUS PALLASI VAR. AUDUBONI. 145 in the pure, rarefied atmosphere of these lofty regions, where the solitude is unbroken save by the voices of the birds, may be better imagined than described. Though perhaps lacking somewhat of the power possessed by the song of the Wood Thrush of our eastern woods, yet, in sweetness and modulation of tone, it is certainly worthy of comparison with that renowned songster. In the same locality mentioned above, I found a single nest, the only one I have ever seen. It was quite bulky, composed almost wholly of strips of bark and coarse grasses, completely covered on the outer surface with mosses. This was placed in the open cavity of a broken pine-stub, about three feet from the ground. It contained a single light-blue egg. The female was on the nest at the time of its discovery, and when disturbed glided off among the bushes, uttering a few complaining notes. A second nest, found by Mr. Merriam in Montana, differs little in construc- tion from the one above, and, like it, was placed in a pine-tree, “ about eight feet from the ground ;” the two examples thus differing from the position selected by the Hermit Thrush of the East, which is always, so far as known, upon the ground. In 1874, this species was found to be quite common in the mountains of Arizona as far south as Mount Graham, where the young, scarcely fledged, were noticed with the old birds still attending them during the first few days of August. Returning to this point, the middle of Sep- tember, the species was found, apparently still in pairs, but, during the last few days of the month, the woods were fairly filled with these thrushes, which had evidently migrated from farther north, and were still pursuing their southward course. The timid disposition and retiring habits of this thrush were always remarked. As will be seen below, in the table of measurements, there is a very considerable discrepancy in size between the birds first taken at Mount Graham, and which are natives of this southern region, and those coming later, which had evidently been reared much farther to the north. 10 z 146 ZOOLOGY—BIRDS. No. | Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. Wing.) Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. | 205 |g ad.| Near Fort Garland, Colo.| May 30, 1873 | H. W. Henshaw....| 3.85 | 3.00 |..---. 1, 20 287 || ad. |..<..- 71 ee ap ge ke June. 7;'873)|------ dO) a=. cconsc Sept. 22, 1874 |...... dObsccase tan! [PAee nace Orghal eles “2h | |BSoRe S| Reece (a ceacacs 6 22ecc ooo’ Sssees|hs-s=- dO) secs, were in| | SEPto Sigh OA "|omme ae Dee 4.41 | 2.92 | 0.50 0. 79 | 867) ¢ |------ OO sone aes Sept. 27, 1874 | eee Ose ae | 4-37 | 2.85 | 0.43 | o. 78 966:| 52-25 | Black River, Ariz. -.--..| Oct: 97, 1874 | 2-2 Ds ee sceeceee | 4.45 | 3-10 | 0.47 0. 78 1048 4 Camp Apache, Ariz... ; Oct. 22, 1874||------ dO Seeoen aneemal Aa 57) uk Sm OuAy, 0.77 | 1063 g ad. |.----. do Seer ana aces | Oct 24, 1874 |- Sean dovseseosesee =] Ang Tel P2COmmOsa 7, 0.77 10048|(Ohadsl| S=sse5, do Saas Saaeee ec Oct. 24, 1874 |...-.. do Pat ee eee 4.05 | 2.70|0.40| 0.73 | 1095 | f ad. Reece Gl Bee Och «een 187aee oe doy!< saan e tee 4.25 | 2.82] 0.47| 0.88 | 4.48 | 2.95 | 0.43] 0.77 | 1088 | # ad. leo UOiseos meee ae Oct 2oytavaien = Osseo aa ee Salis OO | 0.45 | 0.87 SIALIA ARCTICA, Sw. Rocky Mountain Bluebird. Erythaca (Sialia) arctica, SWAUNS., Fn. Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 209, pl. xxxix. Sialia macroptera,-BbD., Stans. Rep. Exp. Great Salt Lake, 1852, 314. Sialia arctica, WoovH., Sitgreave’s Exp. Zuni & Col. Riv., 1854, 68.—Bp., P. R. R. Rep., Beckwith’s Route, x, 1857, 13, pl. xxxv.—Jd., Ives’ Col. Exped., 1857-58, pt. iv, 5.—Id., Birds N. A., 1858, 224.—Id., U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. ii, 1859, Birds, 9.—KENNERLY, P. R. R. Rep., Whipp. Route, x, 1859, 24.— HEERM., P. R. R. Rep., x, pt. iv, 1859, 44—Hayp., Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., 12, 1862, 159.—Bp., Rev. Am. Birds, i, 1864, 64.—Covgs, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 66.—Cooprr, Am. Nat., iii, 1869, 32.—Jd., Birds Cal., 1870, 29.—Id., Proc. Cal. Acad., 1870, 75.—Srerv., U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1870, 463.—Yarrow, Rep. Orn. Spees., 1871, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 34.— Yarrow & HensnHaw, Rep. Orn. Spees., 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 7.— AIKEN, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xv, 1872, 194, 671.—MERRIAM, U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1872, 671.—ALLEN, Bul. Mus. Comp. Zo@l., iii, 1872, 174 (mountains of Colorado, from plains to timber-line; Ogden, Utah).— Cours, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 76.—HENSHAW, An. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., xi, 1874.—IJd., An. List Birds Utah, 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 40.—Id., Rep. Orn. Spees., 1873, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 72, 98.—ALLEN, Proc. Bost. PASSERES—SAXICOLIDAE—SIALIA ARCTICA. 163 Soc. Nat. Hist., June, 1874, 19.—Bp., BrEw., & Rine., N. A. Birds, i, 1874, 67, pl. v, f. 2.—CouEs, U. 8. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1874, 14. A common inhabitant of the mountainous regions of the central dis- trict, and very numerous in Utah, Colorado, and in Northern New Mexico and Arizona. It seems to be of a less confiding disposition than the pre- vious species; and I have usually found it during the breeding season in the wild, elevated districts, from 7,000 feet upward, where it frequents the more open spaces, where aspen groves alternate with the remains of pine woods, the broken stubs of which, charred by the fires which have swept through again and again, are seen on every side. In the cavities of these stubs, and the deserted woodpeckers’ holes in the aspens, they breed during the early summer months. In the neighborhood of Santa Fé, they breed commonly, and here were noticed in the vicinity of houses, seeming in fact to be as familiar and as much at home as does our own bluebird in the East. ‘Two broods are reared in a season. They do not apparently get much farther south in summer than Santa F¢, but in the late fall and winter are spread over the greater portion of both New Mexico and Arizona. In Utah, they were first noticed as migrating south in small flocks in early August. From this time until November 15, they were usually seen in small detached companies, pursuing their way southward. No. | Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. Wing.) Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. 150 |g ad. | Gunnison, Utah ...... NepL meow S721 pe Weplleushawes sccm sceeealeese--| case selene. eee RSD || Oieads)|pecicen Glo) ceedeaecooecos||ssa55 doje se siales mer dO jerectonc ee ose oa saeisiee||(osoesel sen Sos|O sees eel 265 |g ad. | Iron City, Utah....... (OctyaponlS 72) [eee ee doiens 252. S hodal ees Heese: tease as saeees 387 2 Beaver, Utah.....---- INoyzet05 93/72)" Dra dC pVarrowiands|eeeeeaisccees|lsasscaliccccmene H. W. Henshaw. 143 | ad. | Fort Garland, Colo....] May 26, 1873 | H. W. Henshaw ..--.| 4.30 | 2.87| 0.83] 0.81 1694 ¢° ad. |. 2---- doves Sasso scnee May 28, 1873 ].----- dofesaniaeis meee | 45:5On nz. oon: 57) 0. 84 280 |9 ad. |...-.. Gls) Rese Saoaee nme 1657"873)|22--5- Gls) Soca eeeso cg uel ERS | 23518 || ss Il) oxkto 326 |g ad. | Rio Grande, Colo..... MIE T 2.908 720 tonne dome ea seseeai3)|'4s 5021 '221925)/'0156 0. 80 Sg0nliwades lea G19) ascecQoo ance||aaco = domeecer vneces Gi) stoonendesses 4.65 | 3.02 | 0.57 0. 86 B50 tmadai lense G0) Se Sedes coeceal| Jw ey Als sor GO oS Seb Accomnal| Woe ||| B.C) || ChiGy 0. 82 47 |¢ ad. | South Park, Colo ..... Tee) Bg HVE eo gece Go) saa pecewomesal) 6 Sieh Il aCe RO 0. 85 998 | f ad. | Salt Lake, N. Mex.-..| Nov. 19, 1873 |.----- dojesaa ase ae 4.58 | 3.03 | 0.50 0. 85 1006 | f ad. }...-.. (1b) -Sohegsaseceol esse Glo) es3353|[cnses3 Cl) Feee seas. SAoe 4.75 | 2.27 | 0.50 0.93 10 |g ad. | Santa Fé, N. Mex --..| June 17, 1874 Dr. J. T. Rothrock....| 4.43 | 2.93 | 0.55 o. 81 Ay | Guede leeeee= Gl) phescomeoces June 18, 1874 | H. W. Henshaw..--.. 4.48 | 2.98 | 0.45 0. 81 1S. |G ads \escace dogestoceeeccce June 10, 1874.| Dr. J. T. Rothrock....} 4.45 | 2.75 | 0.55 0. 88 21M Ouaden| atta Gls aes eeseaced umes zo; 8740 |e aeee GIS) soc ened Soed|| ARVO PEE ON GG 0. 85 164 ZOOLOGY—BIRDS. Fam. SYLVIIDAE: Syrvias. REGULUS CALENDULA (LI.). Ruby-crowned Kinglet. Motacilla calendula, LINN., Syst. Nat., i, 1766, 337. Regulus calendula, Woonu., Sitgreave’s Exp. Zuni & Col. Riv., 1854, 67.—Bp., U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. ii, 1854, Birds, 9.—Id., Ives’ Col. Exped., 1857-58, pt. iv, 5.—ZId., Birds N. A., 1858, 226.—KENNERLY, P. R. R. Rep., Whipp. Route, x, 1859, 24.—HEERM., P. R. R. Rep., x. pt. iv, 1859, 43.—Id., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 190 (Fort Tejon, Cal.)—HEnry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 106.—Coor. & Sucku., P. R. R. Rep., xii, pt. ii, 1860, 174.—Hayon., Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., xii, 1862, 159.—Bp., Rev. Am. Birds, i, 1864, 66.—Cours, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 66 (Fort Whipple).—Coorrr, Am. Nat., iii, 1869, 32.—Jd., Birds Cal., 1870, 33.—Id., Proce. Cal. Acad., 1870, 75.—SvEv., U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1870, 463.— AIKEN, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xv, 1872, 195.—Snow, Birds Kan., 1872, 7.—CouEs, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 78.—Mrrriam, U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1872, 671.—ALLEN, Bul. Mus. Comp. Zodl., iii, 1872, 974 (Colorado ; Utah).— HENSHAW, Rep. Orn. Spees., 1873, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 57, 72, 98.—Id., An. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., xi, 1874.—Id., Au. List Birds Utah, 1872, Wheel- er’s Exped., 1874, 40—Yarrow & HENSHAW, Rep. Orn. Spees., 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 7.—Bp., Brew., & Ripa., N. A. Birds, i, 1874, 75, pl. v, f. 9. Covers, U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1874, 15. The Ruby-crowned Kinglet, so well known during the migratory seasons throughout the Eastern States, occurs in even greater numbers in spring and fall throughout the Middle Region of North America. In the fall, they are especially numerous, and are, indeed, almost omnipresent ; having been met with by our parties from the limits of the pine region on the mountain tops to the lowest valleys, where they frequent the deciduous trees and shrubs along the streams. At this season, they are extremely sociable ; and, though occasionally one may be seen alone, they are more often met with in parties of five or six, often several being found in the same tree, or accompanying the Titmice, Warblers, Bluebirds, and other insectiverous birds, that at this season band together in large flocks, and pursue their way through the woods, all on terms of the utmost friendliness with each other. Rarely, indeed, are these companies found unaccompanied by one or more of the Kinglets, and among them they are prominent for the nimbleness of their movements and the untiring industry they show in their pursuit of the small insects, now glean- PASSERES—SYLVIIDA E—REGULUS CALENDULA. 165 ing them from among the small branches and interstices of bark, and now darting forth in chase of them as they fly past. The species breeds in the heavy pine and spruce forests on the mount- ains of Colorado, and also in Arizona, both in the White Mountains and as far south as Mount Graham, in both which localities I saw the old birds leading about their young, still in the nesting plumage as late as August 1. In the mountains near Fort Garland, Col., it was a common species in June ; the pine woods at an elevation of 10,000 feet often echoing with the music of its sweet, beautifully modulated song, which is also wonderful for its power and the purity of its tones. That. its nesting habits should so long remain unknown is by no means surprising, since, were it not for the song, its presence in these forests would hardly be detected, frequenting, as is its habit at this season, the tops of the tall coniferous trees. June 11, while collecting on a mountain near the Rio Grande, I discovered a nearly finished nest, built on a low branch of a pine, which I have little doubt belonged to this bird. The male was singing directly overhead; but, although I watched for some time in hopes of being able to see the female in the act of building, I was disappointed. The nest was a somewhat bulky structure, very large for the size of the bird, externally composed of strips of bark, and lined thickly with feathers of the Grouse (Canace obscura). No. | Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. Wing.| Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. 304 9 ad.| North Creek, Utah....| Sept. 26, 1872) H. W. Henshaw and |...---]...--.].-----|-------- | Dr. H. C. Yarrow. 215 |G ad. | Near Ft. Garland, Colo | May 30, 1873 | H. W. Henshaw...-..| 2.42 | 1.60 | 0.37 0. 65 2oveudeads pense ote eee eeeeee|ejume SysI873)|s0---- Olsen eee 2.43 | 1.97 | 0.34 0. 72 258 gjun.} Mount Graham, Ariz..| Aug. 1, 1874)|.----. Gite seacee 2.36 | 1.90 | 0.44 0. 68 116 Jun. | Sangre de Cristo, Colo.}| Aug. 9, 1874 C. E. Aiken........-- 2233) |) T..05; || 0137, 0. 74 254 gf ad.| Terra Amarilla, N. Mex] Sept. 15, 1874 |.----- dO! sa2s-cos5 5052 2.40 | 2.03 | 0.37 0. 73 287) dad. |) Pagosa, Colo =-.-.----|| Sept. 19, 1874) |o==- =. Oe see nee 2,36 | 1.98 | 0.36 0. 76 S20 Mount Graham, Ariz -. ‘Sept. 23, 1874 | H. W. Henshaw.... .. 2.36 | 1.90 | 0. 38 0, 69 853 | OV Nees sees doses erase sce: Sept. 24, 1874 |---: -- G0} eb ale coos Gene 2.20 | 1.77 | 0.38 0. 70 S520! NO) eee Clove: SSS UO Been | eres Glee elmer | Gee do 2.27 | 1.88 | 0.38 0. 70 yO Meh esewee Ores emse gems oe Sepia 2eeO74ulae se dole see ee ren 5 On| miei 10s40 0. 75 1094 a Camp Apache, Ariz.--.} Oct. 30, 1874 |.--- -- GW ses es Cceed|| Ossi PBC: NCE 0. 74 166 ZOOLOGY—BIRDS. POLIOPTILA CA4ERULEA (L.) Blue-gray Gnatcatcher. Motacilla carulea, LINN., Syst. Nat., i, 1766, 337. Culicivora caerulea, Woonnu., Sitgreave’s Exp. Zuni & Col. Riv., 1854, 67. Polioptila carulea, Bd., Ives’ Col. Exped., 1857-58, pt. iv, 6.—Id., Birds N. A., 1858, 380.—Cours, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 66 (Fort Whipple).—bop , U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. ii, 1859, Birds, 13.—HrERM,, P. RK. R. Rep., X, pt. iv, 1859, 39.—Xanrus, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 191 (Fort Tejon, Cal.) Henny, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 107 (New Mexico).— Hayp., Trans. Philo. Soc. Phila., xii, 1862, 164.—Bp., Rev. Am. Birds, i, 1864, 74.—Coorer, Birds Cal., 1870, 85,—Id., Proe. Cal. Acad., 1870, 75.— ALLEN, Bul. Mus. Comp. Zool., iii, 1872, 174 (Eastern Kansas).—Snow, Birds Kan., 1872, 9.—Covrs, U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., Birds Northwest, 1874, 17.—Id., Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 78—HENsSHAW, Rep. Orn. Specs., 1873, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 99. This little bird appears to be sparingly, though quite generally, dis- tributed in New Mexico and Arizona, where I have seen it in several localities, though I have never detected the closely allied forms P. melanura and plumbea, which are both said to occur in Arizona. The Blue-gray Gnateatcher is of a very lively disposition, and keeps so constantly in motion that to observe its habits is a matter of no little difficulty, as it moves rapidly from tree to tree, scanning the foliage and twigs as it passes along with quick, nervous turnings of its head and rapid glancings of its eyes. They are also expert fly-catchers, and their flying sallies are frequent and usually successful. They are most often found in the oaks that are scat- tered over the hill sides, or in the scrub of the foot hills, and are not found in the mountains. | | No. | Sex. | Locality. | Date. | Collector. Wing.| Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. | | | | bie eres al a Ne 720 Q South of Camp Apache, | Sept. 8, 1873 | H. W. Henshaw ...-... | 1.91 | 2 24 | 0.33 0. 65 j Ariz. | S98 | 3 San Pedro, Ariz ...--- | Och 35, 1679) assoc OSes tence 2. 03 | 2.35 | 0.40 0. 70 321 |gjun.| Camp Bowie, Ariz ....| Aug. 8, 1874].----- dares eee 1.87 | 2.07 | 0.40 0. 65 50 |g ad. | Aguazul, N. Mex ..-.. July 925, 13yai oe. = O10 eee renee 1.90 | 2.10 | 0.38 0, 68 157 |g ad. | NearCampApache, Ariz) July 19, ISA Vos2 sik AOeseesaaee ons | 2,00 | 2.25 | 0.40] 0.67 | TGON ade | ANIZONA aon = sols ona | ae elarere eeeeee UO ee eee 2.10 | 2.20] 0,40] 0.68 | | ao SLs a elf PASSERES—PARLDAE—LOPHOPHANES INORNATUS. 167 Fam. PARIDAE: TiITMiIce. LOPHOPHANES INORNATUS, Gamb. Gray-tufted Titmouse. Parus inornatus; GAMB., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., August, 1845, 265 (Upper Cali- fornia). Tophophanes (sic) inornatus, Bp., Ives’ Col. Exped. 1857-58, pt. iv, 6. Lophophanes inornatus, WOODH., Sitgreave’s Exp. Zuni & Col. Riv., 1854, 69.—bp., Birds N. A., 1858, 386.—XANTUS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 91 (Fort Tejon, Cal.).—HEERM., P. R. R. Rep., x, pt. iv, 1859, 42.—Bp., Rev. Am. Birds, i, 1864, 78.—COUES, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 79 (Fort Whipple).— Coorer, Birds Cal., i, 1870, 42.— AIKEN, Proce. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1872, 195.—CovuEs, Key N. A. Birds, 1842, 80, f. 22.—Bp., BREw., & RipG., N. A. Birds, pt. i, 1874, 93, pl. vi, f. 4 Yarrow & HENSHAW, Rep. Orn. Specs., 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 7.—HENSHAW, An. Lye. Nat. Hist. Who Weg 2815 1874.—Id., An. List Birds Utah, 1572, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 40.—Id., Rep. Orn. Spees., 1873, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 99.—CovEs, U. 8. Geol. Surv. Terr., Birds Northwest, 1874, p. 20. Lophophanes bicolor, HENRY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., 1859, 107 (New Mexico). This Titmouse is resident in Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico, and, in the localities it most aflects, is a common bird. These, in the more northern portion of its habitat, are the groves of pifion and serub cedars, and ‘1 Southern Arizona the oaks are much frequented; but it never is found, I believe, in the pine woods. Its habits much resemble those of its eastern congener (L. bicolor). It spends much of its time on the ground, search- ing for insects, and quite likely the pion nuts and acorns may, during the fall and winter, form a part of its food, though I have never seen them pay any attention to these. It has much curiosity, and, though somewhat timid, will oceasionally remain within easy distance of an intruding person; keeping a careful watch upon his motions, and uttering its harsh, scolding notes, expressive alike of anger and fear. It has, in the early summer, a short, disconnected song, which, however, is often sweet and pleasing. I have never seen more than three or four together, even in the fall; but, in every company of the other Titmice, Warblers, or Bluebirds, a few of this species is always found. 168 ZOOLOGY—BIRDS. | No. | Sex. | Locality. | Date. Collector. Wing.| Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. | | fi - : ' ; re | 247 é | Iron City, Utah....... Oct.» '55:1871)| EW. Tenshaweo-c-<|-n-son|heoaee stannill @cconteanes 258 OF) Who seers Cee Old (ee 1871 | = =f AOD ieeererwioe sista e a weios a.<1| 0c a eee] ee eee 261 \/9"ad: |sc2-— dois 2=csi tet (OCES Seedo7i these do. eee) been cenc Aas= | [an es ZOE WA) Vestaces do @ soo see dpi. - 28. see (OSE eae erence nee | foe 8 eee 203) dds oe (2 [oe Rae rae ae dO si. seuece dO2 25-3. Ssaiccc| tases Coseas |e eees leeeeeee 264 Oy lee Geese seca sins |=so- dee ss---|-seeee doen 2222 2325-4] 222) eee! fae ean Oeece se | 390 é Beaver, Utah......--. | Nov. 11, 1871} Dr. H. C. Yarrow and |...--.|......]..---.|.--..--- | H. W. Henshaw. 391 O 7). ae eae dO. 38 - Seon een GO oan sell coe dO} sccatcnns cos |sancesleoores seuss bees 392 aval |e GO) secress eeeseeee do se5=-|esa- 8 aan =n pee) esemen| ae ske= =a 393 Si Reece. dOiss- 2208-2 | Se dots 2. |f23= 55 GOs ss sceceu csaclaceaec|scasee| ee oes | 304 Oe | eee do OO vesane ae OO sees eon ee Roa Soe ae eee | 395 OF esa S do (OR sel laa dO i252 occa cnses|sasme= | 206), 5 Oumleeooee do.. as doce .=s|-s-—-- (eee merino Cees (eOcans 397 2 dO. zeece ces tenes rs Ce Re eer do's-Stiescescaleee ee 403 m) Cove Creek, Utah..... | Noy. 13, 1871 | ee (lVe5a-Bosshecad eces: LOPHOPHANES WOLLWEBERI, Bp. Wollweber’s Titmouse. Lophophanes wollweberi, Br., C. R., xxxi, September, 1850, 478.—Bp., Birds N. A., 1858, © 386.—Id., U. 8. & Mex. Bound. Surv.,, ii, pt. ii, 1859, Birds, 14, pl. xv, f. 1.— KENNERLY, P. R. R. Rep., Whipp. Route, x, 1859, 27.—HEnNrRy, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 107 (New Mexico).—Cougrs, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 79 (ort Whipple).—Bp., Rey. Am. Birds, i, 1864, 79.—Coormr, Birds Cal., i, 1870, 43.—CouEs, Key N. A. Birds, 1572, 80, f. 24. —Hrensnaw, Rep. Urn. Spees., 1873, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 99. In the more southern portions of New Mexico and Arizona, this appears to be a very generally distributed species, and, in certain localities, was frequently met with. Of its breeding habits, nothing is known. In the fall, however, these are very distinct from the preceding species. Instead of being found in small companies or as stragglers on the skirts of the large flocks of other species, it habitually moves about in flocks, composed often of twenty-five, and even more, of its own species; its exclusiveness in this particular being quite noticeable, though once or twice I have seen a few on intimate terms of companionship with the other.Chickadees. It pays especial attention to the oaks, in which trees they move about slowly from limb to limb, serutinizing each crevice and fold of bark which is likely to serve as a hiding place for insects. They are thus very thorough in their PASSERES—PARIDAE—PARUS MONTANUS. 169 search, but have less of the rapidity of movement and nervous energy which characterize other members of this group. They are less noisy, too; their notes, though Chickadee-like, being weaker and fainter, and not infrequently one may, when watching one or two of these birds, find himself surrounded by a large number, which have silently closed in around while he was wholly unconscious of their presence. They are strictly arboreal, sharing only to a slight degree the terrestrial habits which are common to the other Titmice, especially of this genus. No. | Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. Wing.| Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. 193 |gjun.| Rock Canon, Ariz ....| July 21, 1874) H. W. Henshaw...--- 2.52 | 2.48 | 0.35 0, 66 POO™ |My eee a ho) Socecsosbeen || |bades Gl} aeeces|oeosoe do poeeseeee eas | 2n4 On 2145510733) 0. 70 419 |gjun.| Bowie Agency, Ariz...| Aug. 16, 1874 |------ Gleaes soo eee a Ss| CEPA INS Web eis 0. 72 AZO) Onn.) | 2 ssa= doje sseeseescses bape et Of fei alll eeaio we dojereasneseicse= 2.45 | 2.38 | 0.32 0. 68 Foy Neujies |leseaee dower teen eccte dom soe aliases Gl. Sa aee eae 2.57 | 2.47 | (0:35 0. 68 LODE Varying eases dOeceee a aicees Aug. 17, 1874 |.----- Glvjfiedanaconccese 2.58 | 2.50 | 0.35 0. 73 | 425 |Qjun.|.----- Uk)s choo comecads| [anncs Glo) AScets| (be coos Ope een eciete ae | 0254026 SON nk On 35 0. 68 426) |(Sjuns)|-s. =~ Glos Acsopcesoees||accac dOmesece scien doenare-ecis<- 2.52 | 2.58 | 0.35 0.57 LOE Ne os5c6||boooss Gli sasanoceateec||sase 5) speciale ce: dO. -cecwesen-s 2.60 | 2.55 | 0.33 0. 67 ABTA i Jascllncsee Glee onoheoeed) beers dotetsac|eseee- Oise eo s-sesiecay 2.65 | 2.55 | 0.38 0. 72 B23 Nhe} o sae G10) Seco aSh5c5ual|SooeG Glo saceae| Paode dojson=csteves se 2.50 | 2.47 | 0.33 0. 65 429 |Qjun.|...-.- Glo} sesor scuoeto oodSS Glo). Sees |Saeros dO sue tise sects 2.55 | 2.50 | 0.33 0. 67 513 Q ad. | NearCamp Crittenden, | Aug. 27, 1874 ].----- Glo) ceedssoo ool Zac! || east PChse, 0. 64 Ariz. 534 | Jun. |.----- dOetetessoeseae Aug. 29, 1874|..---- Gly eeee eerednel| zis | ame NEE 0. 66 566 | Qjun.|.----- Gl} Sa65 Saosaese Bee Od Ofe seein dOss os seeiswrio ai 2,40 | 2.40 | 0.32 0. 65 974 |d ad. | NearCampApache, Ariz] Oct. 9, 1874 |.----- Gl) Sacecce DOSaeS 2.60 | 2.50 | 0.33 0, 69 PARUS MONTANUS, Gamb. , Mountain Chickadee. Parus montanus, GAMB., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., April, 1843, 259.—W OODH., Sitgreave’s Exp. Zuni & Col. Riv., 1854, 63 —NEws., P. R. R. Rep., vi, 1857, 79.—Bp., Ives’ Col. Exped., 1857-58, pt. iv, 6.—Id., Birds N. A., 1858, 394.—XantTUS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 191 (Fort Tejon, Cal.).— HreErm., P. R. R. Rep., x, pt. iv, 1859, 42.— HENRY, Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 107 (New Mexico)—Coop. & Suck1., P. R. RB. Rep., xii, pt. ii, 1860, 194.—Bp., Rev. Am. Birds, i, 1864, 82—CooPER, Am. Nat., ili, 1869, 75 (Montana).—Srev., U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1870, 464.—COoPER, Birds Cal., 1870, 46.—A1KEN, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xv, 1872, 195.— Merriam, U. 8. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1872, 672.—CoUES, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 81—ALLEN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., iii, 1872, 174 (mountains of Colorado).—HENsHAW, An. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., xi, 1874, p. 2.—Id., An. List Birds Utah, 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 40—YarRRow & 170 ZOOLOGY—BIRDS. HENSHAW, Rep. Orn. Spees., 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 7—HENsuAw, Rep. Orn. Spees., 1873, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 72, 99.—Couxs, U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., Birds Northwest, 1874, 22. Pecile montanus, Cours, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 79. A common inhabitant of the deep pine woods, where, during the breed- ing season, it is chiefly confined. A very active and persistent insect hunter, exploring every crack and crevice beneath the rough bark for the hidden larvee, which are instantly dragged forth, and, after being vigorously ham- mered on some horizontal limb and reduced to a shapeless mass, are eagerly swallowed. Its habits are essentially like those ef its congeners. No. | Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. Wing.| Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. poe S| 7 E | 414 g Fillmore, Utah ....-.. | Nov. 17, 1872 | H. W. Henshaw and }...... | Fae ti sSoss5\ecoescs | | Dr. A. C. Yarrow. 415 On Nee dora 2 Se ee aoe---s | ac ee Gis Bn cae e call eee eel aeeeeH Saar Aeneas 417 Pee ose OC RS SORE Cray rei dovcsce. pesese do Staal ener: |IBre ceed bc caaal inssosece Wey leonnse (GEYCCHONG) Srtrcist tesa eters ate ata | asters (0 oS eeSe Eros mead mosoa| Mec saallt- nsec 7 emer boaaar (ie RO Se samar ea acroSoe eee ke neocod aaadqallsadacd||ses=c.)lsesoe]|sscnss55 60 | gjun.| Willow Spring, Ariz...) July 12, 1874 | H. W. Henshaw...... 2.85 | 2.53 | 0.38 3 106: |... =<= Sangre de Cristo Pass, | Aug. 8, 1874 | GC: BxAikenlasocccese 2.64 | 2.61 | 0.42 0. 75 Colo. | TE25| Gijuns| seesee dG cetera eesees Augueig tS743| sess don aie aoe 24731 ||\ 23102 | 0. 40 0.77 | Poet | Pe ae ee eode, (Ce eS See coe (eee dosaneenerea~ UG sscee seme 2.77 | 2.63 | 0.44 0. 73 TOK 2 ae oe Trinchara Creek, Colo.) Aug. 18, 1874 |.----- dome eee nal 2a Oe eee sO. ai 0. 63 TGS Saale sat dO Season seas | Aug. 19, 1874|.----- do.ncse ct sanee | 2.85 | 2.68 | 0. 38 0. 75 e's) |e Parosa, Colo ->----=-- Aug. 31, 1874 |.----- dO to noeeres sete | 2, 67 | 2.65 | 0.40 0. 73 792 |g ad. | Mount Graham, Ariz ..| Sept. 22, 1874) H. W. Henshaw....-.. | 2.80 | 2. 59 | 0.40 0. 73 | POR MON sil meet dO ea es saan lees Ona SESE do" acc seers 2.64 | 2.64 | 0.40 0.75 SOQ Pr ads|ceaao= aly SoS Sols cos Sept: 2g; 1074) |poeee= dopee= eee eee 2.70 | 2.55 | 0.43 0. 75 $45 |g ad. |....-. dons ose Sept. 24, 1874 |.----- oso ose oe] NNT) | NOR a pease 0.75 866 Gy) tlzecece CO jeseacaen an 4) NEDinah, eo 7Ag eae dOmeeeseeteseees 2.90 | 2.67 | 0.38 0.75 | | PARUS ATRICAPILLUS, L., var. SEPTENTRIONALIS, Harris. Long-tailed Chickadee. Parus septentrionalis, HARRIS, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ii, 1845, 300.—Bp., Stans. Rep. Exp. Great Salt Lake, 1852, 316.—TJd., Birds N. A., 1858, 389,—HAyp., Trans. Philo. Soe., xii, 1862, 164.—Bp., Birds N. A., i, 1864, 79.—STEv., U.* S. Geol. Sury. Terr., 1870, 464.—Snow, Birds Kan., 1872, 9.—A1IKEN, Proce. 30st. Soc. Nat. Hist., xv, 1872, 195. Parus atricapillus?, News., P. R. R. Rep., vi, 1857, 79 (California; Oregon). Parus septentrionalis var. albescens, BD., Birds N. A., 1858, pl. xxxvii. Parus atricapillus var. septentrionalis, CouRS, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 81.—ALLEN, Bul. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., ili, 1872, 174 (Kansas; Colorado; Utah).—Yarrow & HENSHAW, Rep. Orn. Spees., 1572, Wheeler’s Lxped., 1874, 7.—HENSHAW, PASSERES—PARIDAE—P. MINIMUS, VAR. PLUMBEUS. eal An. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., xi, 1874.—I/d., An. List Birds Utah, 1872, Wheel- er’s Exped., 1874, 41.—Id., Rep. Orn. Spees., 1873, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 72.—ALLEN, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., June, 1874, 19.—Covrs, U.S. Geol. Sury. Terr., Birds Northwest, 1874, 21. Common in cottonwood groves near Provo River, 1872, in July and November ; not seen elsewhere. In Colorado, this appears to be a not very common species ; at all events, it is much less abundant than the Mountain Chickadee. Found indifferently in the heavy pine woods and among the cottonwoods of the streams. Could detect no differences in habits and notes from the eastern Chickadee (atricapillus), from which it chiefly differs in its longer tail and lighter colors. No. | Sex. Locality. Date. | Collector. Wing.| Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. 26 ||O}yunt||| Provo; Ultahi.--- ...<-. sl yet 72) Pela) benshaweees s5|eaeees tesco |eseace becht=cice 2AW adel eee a GWansooscosses ZN OS (ey /Alesasee CO rs Se eB HG> 5 Seed soseno| |soeccd lssseesee 250 ORad. |paecee dOvccsose ceeesslincncrs dotereee es eaee OD erase Se wistrecenl|Seoecalkecee asics Beene Ierazy guy une ee eee dOvwehee eeecee| eee doves :26./||ssceee dost cae aaesce:||t oem ol Mater eect en lNe- seers 430 OOP Gecees dO voectecinc secs INOVs825.915 72) temic ELenshaw/ ands) haem eee sel eral eee aeee Dr. H. C. Yarrow. 149 | Jun. | Fort Garland, Colo....| Aug. 12, 1874] C. E. Aiken....-..... 2.60 | 2.78 | 0. 36 0. 68 aye) UNEW |heceee doses neees Oct) xo, 1874. |22--5- donee eee ae 2.68 | 2.85 | 0.38 0. 67 342 | Ad. | Pueblo, Colo...-..-..| Oct. 14, 1874 |------ dojesssee cine sei 2.66 | 2.90 | 0.33 0, 62 BOGn |g ads |iee- Glelo toon seem sone Oct 918; 087A) eee. domes ee gees 2.80 | 2.97 | 0.34 0. 71 PSALTRIPARUS MINIMUS (Towns.), var. PLUMBEUS, Bd. Lead-colored Titmouse. *saltria plumbea, BAIRD, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vii, June, 1854, 118 (Little Colorado). Psaltriparus plumbeus, BD., Birds N. A., 1858, 398.—KENNERLY, P. R. R. Rep., Whipple’s Route, x, 1859, 27, pl. xxxiii, f. 2— HENRY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 107 (New Mexico).—Bp., Rev. Am. Birds, i, 1864, 84—Cours, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 79 (Fort Whipple, Ariz.).—SrTrv., U. 8. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1870, 464 (Green River).—Coorrr, Birds Cal., i, 1870, 49.—Cours, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 23.—A1kEN, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1872, 195 (Eastern Colorado).—YArrow & HENSHAW, Rep. Orn. Specs., 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 7.—BpD., Brew., & Ripa., N. A. Birds, i, 1874, 110, pl. vi, f. 6—Covuxs, U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., Birds Northwest, 1874, 25. Psaltriparus minimus (error), HENSHAW, An. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., xi, 1874.—J/d., An. List Birds Utah, 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 40.—/d., Rep. Orn. Spees., 1873, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 99. Mr. Aiken is, I believe, the only one who has found this species in Kastern Colorado, where he reports it as a winter resident. In Utah, a2 ZOOLOGY—BIRDS. Arizona, and Western New Mexico, this little Titmouse is abundant and quite generally distributed, though it avoids the heavy pines, among which I have never seen it, seeking especially the hilly regions covered with pinons and cedars, where they may be seen in fall and winter in very large flocks. In such localities, they probably breed, as I found them in the worn dress peculiar to this period. They are also fond of frequenting the heavy brush along the streams and canon sides. This is one of the most active and industrious of the family; constantly on the move, searching here and there with sharp, prying eyes for the various small insects and their larvee. It is perfectly fearless, knowing no danger, and its social disposition is shown in its custom of uniting in flocks often numbering fifty or one hundred individuals, which, as they move along intent on their hunting forays, keep up an incessant querulous chirping. | No. | Sex. | Locality. Date. Collector. Wing.| Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. 238 Ag | Iron City, Utah. ..---. Oct. 5, °1872 |) H.W. Henshaw. 22) 22 =~ =e oon eee en 230) | stark see oe do .. sonnel s5-)|e555 -- OO ese sae ce eee eee | eee eet eee ZAOT gO a easter d0ics-s=-35 SOO seeees peo dO Jc desace ec cocl| noose ieceee |p aeee a aero | 241 ee Wacepaas ib) RaeA Rede co cs|leoe OG Foote scat omer Ge) Beene eos Semaee ieee pec a) [-to- te 242 dn) Bo do. doisea==| eee Co Teen osaee ence ne ts else ees 243 ean eee Gi ate sere iceserccl seem 0 Soeece laces CO. oe dieses amos| ee ages saceeal ae eal eater 244 (oP) Pacers Oke seo) | amore dO ce rcaes| seen 0 Semen oe as ee el ee oe 245 Ki eee (os oecieey cers ile ee al a (lene ner As) Bee) ieee e mone Bo ace | 246) || VOM coe OO\s2 ce, sode a sawn eone= U0 ye anaes (ise ee oe acl Poecod ocean socecc|leaseanss 386 9 | Beaver, Utah. ....---- Noy. 10, /1872)|-~-.-<- Ree ee Seed) peneed Seesc baer faor coo. Wee Gal Baaees (Alcoholic)? esse o> =| -serqse cee a |iblan Wey blenshew sands | eee eee ea) cos | \ Dr. H. C. Yarrow. BSG) eecceesel ebaeeeee (6 (ieee Seo osaees Sacq seSelasso=> do .. Ens Paes eenrs| eco eas aos: | 451 Q | Fort Wingate, N. Mex.| July 16, 1873 | H. W. Henshaw..--.-- 1.95 | 2.46 | 0.2 0. 58 | 581 |Qjun.| Camp Apache, Ariz....] Aug. 21, 1873 |.----- elcmocy secco=: 1.92 | 1.85 | 0.31 0, 61 6085], 9k aes dorses2 Shc Se Aug. 24, 1873 |-----. dojsss.taboee es 1.93 | 1.93 | 0.28 0.60 | |* 27 |g ad | Santa Fé, N. Mex July 20, 1874 ].-.--- doneeeee > 2.00 | 2.00} 0.31 | 0.63 | #280 |9 ad. |_....- dO; $2 .sc83~ 525s | See Sado cess | eee dO = ccena scene 1.95 | 2.25 | 0.32 0. 65 |"319 |Q ad. | Camp Bowie, Ariz ....] Aug. 8, 1874 |.----- (CREE asec: 1.84 | 2.26 | 0.35 0. 58 20) | ¢/ad.)|\2=-.. dco eee eos oo a Ome eee donee eee 1.85 | 2.10 | 0.2 0. 67 "354 Port kell ese dO Ss = nan .ce- | AUP iy LO eseaa 0) pace nessa nl Xe OG, 2520 [eOnze 0. 62 [Agcy | Glad. \.2.. 12 do -. se mers seen | cee edo eet aes doksi= Ae 1.95 | 2.37 | 0.2 0. 60 969 |Qjun. | Camp Apache, Ariz....| Oct. 9, 1874 |.----- dOieatc=a a) | the 2 do. 25.2- cee oreo eee eee memes Glan =k eeeenemee| | oly 2.38 | 0.30 0. 60 | | 971 Cle | eee do 0p Acees) eee eet ene sscenee 2.10 | 2.55 | 0.30 0. 62 | 972 9 ad WO yesc: oho oa dems. dle Giese kee cute 2.08 2.47 | 0.28 0. 62 ' * Worn; breeding-dress. PASSERES—PARIDAE—AURIPARUS FLAVICEPS. Was AURIPARUS FLAVICEPS (Sund.). YVellow-headed Titmouse, Verdin. Agithalus flaviceps, SUNDEVALL, Ofversigt af Vet. Ak. Férh., vii, v, 1850, 129. Aigithalus flaviceps, SUND.—HEERM., P. R. BR. Rep., x, pt. ii, 1859, 93. Paroides flaviceps, Bp., Ives’ Col. Exped., 1857-58, pt. iv, 6.—Id., Birds N. A., 1858, 400.—Id., U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. ii, 1859, Birds, 14, pl. xv, f. 2.—Id., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., 1859, 304 (Cape St. Lucas). Auriparus flaviceps, Bp., Rey. Am. Birds, i, 1864, 85—Couns, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., 1866, 79 (Cooper, Colorado Valley).—Id., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, 83.—CooPER, Birds Cal., i, 1870, 51.—Cours, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 82.—HENSHAW, Rep. Orn. Specs., 1873, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 99.—BD., Brew., & RipG., N. A. Birds, 1875, i, 112, pl. vii, f. 11. A single specimen was taken at old Camp Goodwin, Ariz., and occa- sionally an individual was met with among the mesquite trees along the Gila River. The habits, so far as observed, seemed to resemble those of the Titmice, as does also its great variety of notes. In 1874, I met with the species but once, at Camp Lowell, Ariz., in September. This seeming rarity of the species in a region well adapted to its habits was probably due to the lateness of the season at which our visits to Southern Arizona have been made; it probably having departed to a more congenial winter habitat farther south. | : No. | Sex Locality. | Date. Collector. | Wang: Tail. | Bill. aoe | 630 fo) Camp Lowell, Ariz... re Sept. 9, 1874 H. W. Henshaw..---- | 1.95 | 2.00 | 0.35 | 0. 58 792 iO Camp Goodwin, Ariz zl Sept. 17; 1874)|------ Ol) oS s5.0605 Seea| 2.07 | 1.87 | 0.35 0.57 906 | of | Gila River, Ariz -. | Octa mea IS7At ese ani il) a osepseidosoad | 1.90 | 1.93 | 0.33 0, 60 Fam. SITTIDA: NUTHATCHES. vy SITTA CAROLINENSIS, Gm., var. ACULEATA, Cass. Slender-billed Nuthatch. Sitta aculeata, Cassty, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., viii, October, 1856, 254.—BpD., Birds N. A., 1858, 375, pl. 33, f. 3—HrErm., P. R. R. Rep., x, pt. ii, 1859, 56.—XAntUus, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., 1859, 191 (Fort Tejon, Cal.).— KENNERLY, P. R. R. Rep., Whipple’s Route, 1859, pl. xxxiii, f. 2, 26—Coop. & Suck., P. R. R. Rep., xii, pt. ii, 1860, 193.—Bp., Rev. Am. Birds, i, 1564, 86.—CouEs, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 78 (Fort Whipple, Ariz.)— CoopER, Birds Cal. 1870, 54—Murrriam, U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1572, 672.— AIKEN, Proe. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1872, 195. Sitta carolinensis, WoonH., Sitgreave’s Exp. Zuni & Col. Riv., 1854, 66—NeEws., P. R. hk. Rep., vi, 1857, 79. 174 ZOOLOGY—BIRDS. Sitta carolinensis var. aculeata, ALLEN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., 1872, 174 (mountains of Colorado).—CovugEs, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 83.—Y Arrow & HENSHAW, Rep. Orn. Spees., 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 8—H4rEnsHAW, An. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., xi, 1874.—Jd., An. List Birds Utah, 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., Is74, 40.—Jd., Rep. Orn. Spees., 1873, Wheeler's Exped., 1874, 73, 100.—Bb., Brew., & Ripa., N. A. Birds, i, 1874, 117.—ALLEN, Proc. Bost. Soe. Nat. Hist., June, 1874, 19.—CovuEs, U. 8S. Geol. Sury. Terr., Birds Northwest, 1874, 24. This Nuthatch is an abundant resident throughout the extensive pine woods of the West, following them in their upward range on the mountains to nearly or quite their limit. Like its eastern representative, it is found frequenting many of the deciduous trees, though it evinces a more marked predilection for the pines. Its habits and notes are so similar to those of the eastern bird that a history of the one would answer perfectly well for the other. | No. Sex. | Locality. | Date. | Collector, | Wing.) Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. — — = A = 226 | ¢ ad. | Fort Garland, Colo....| June 3, 1873 | H. W. Henshaw...-.. 3.45 | 2.04 | 0.75 0, 65 114 | fjun. | Willow Spring, Ariz...| July 13, 1874 |.---.. stems oosboset 3-57 | 2.04 | 0.65 0. 70 | | 293 |g ad. | Pagosa, Colo .......-.| Sept. 19, 1874] C. E. Aiken .......... 3.58 | 2.15 | 0.78] 0,68 | | 869 | fo) Mount Graham, Ariz ..| Sept. 25, 1874 H. W. Henshaw...-... 3-75 | 2.16 | 0. 80 0. 73 | | alee ———— doje. Sees eeeds saan Rss GOES So snsee- se 3-59 | 2.16 | 0.80 0. 72 SITTA CANADENSIS, L. Red-bellied Nuthatch. Sitta canadensis, LINN., Syst. Nat., i, 1766, 177.—Bp., Ives’ Col. Exped., 1857-58, pt. iv, 6.—Id., Birds N. A., 1858, 376.— HENRY, Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 107 (New Mexico).—Coor. & Suckt., P. R. R. Rep., xii, pt. ii, 1860, 192.— Hayp., Trans. Philo. Soc. Phila., xii, 1862, 164.—Bp., Rev. Am. Birds, i, 1864, 87.—CovuEs, Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 79.—Coorrr, Birds Cal., i, 1870, 54.—Svev., U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1870, 464.—Snow, Birds Kan., 1872, 9.—Cours, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 83, f. 27.—Bp., BREw., & Ripa., N. A. Birds., i, 1874, 118, pl. viii, f. 7 —HeENsHAw, Rep. Orn. Specs., 1873, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 73.—Cours, U. 8. Geol. Surv. Terr., Birds Northwest, 1874, 25. ¥ The Red-bellied Nuthatch appears to be of rather uncommon ocecur- rence in the far West. It was not detected by our parties in Utah, though found by Mr. Ridgway in the Wahsatch Mountains in June, where he states it was not common. In the pine woods near Fort Garland, Southern Colorado, I found it breeding in June, and, though less abundant than either PASSERES—SITTIDAE—SITTA PYGMASA. 175 the Pigmy or Slender-billed varieties, it was still by no means rare Its habits, while differing in no notable degree from those of its allies, are pos- sessed of even more of the energy and restless activity which belong to the whole tribe; and at this, the nesting, season, the males especially were busy from morning till night roving about among the pines and aspens, engaged in hunting not only on their own account, but also for their mates engaged in the cares of incubation. In these duties, however, both sexes take part, and the females were occasionally found abroad while their place on the nest was filled by the males. The single nest examined was found in a small pine stub, a few feet from the ground. The hole was excavated in the rotten wood to the depth of five inches, no especial care having been taken to render this smooth and symmetrical, and was thoroughly lined at bottom with fine shreds of pine bark. The eggs, five in number, were far advanced toward hatching; color grayish white, thinly spotted with reddish dots, confluent at the larger end. | No. | Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. Wing | Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. 211 lg ad. | Near Fort Garland, Colo) May 30, 1873 | H. W. Henshaw..---. 2,53)| Xe153) || 0: 54: 0, 62 226 '9 AGL, |[osoaos 6 cima Somco occa! tlie: ESh yey aeeaas Glo) Ganotosdocse> 2.48 | 1.48 | 0.58 0.58 | | SITTA PYGMAA, Vig. California Nuthatch. Sitta pygmwa, Vicors, Zodl. Beechey’s Voy., 1839, 25, pl. iv—Woopmt., Sitgreave’s Exp. Zuni & Col. Riv., 1854, 66.—Nrws., P. R. R. Rep., vi, 1857, 79.—Bp., Ives’ Col. Exped., 1857-58, pt.iv, 6.—Jd., Birds N. A., 1858, 378.—KENNERLY, P. R. R. Rep., Whipple’s Route, 1859, 26—HEnry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 107 (New Mexico).—Coopr. & SuCKL., P. RK. R. Rep., xii, pt. ii, 1860, 193.—Bp., Rev. Am. Birds, i, 1864, 88.—CourEs, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 78 (Fort Whipple)—Cooprr, Am. Nat., iii, 1869, 74 (Montana).—Zd., Birds Cal., i, 1870, 55.—Coukrs, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 83, f. 27.— AIKEN, Proc. Bost. Soe. Nat. Hist., 1872, 195.—YARRow, Rep. Orn. Spees., #871, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 34 Yarrow & HENSHAW. Rep. Orn. Specs., 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 8.—Bp., BREw., & Ripa., N. A. Birds, i, 1874, 120, pl. viii, f. 11, app. 502.—CovuEs, U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., Birds Northwest, 1874, 25. Sitta pusilla var. pygmaa, ALLEN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 1872, 174 (mountains of Colorado)—HENSHAW, An. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., xi, 1874.—Jd., An. List Birds Utah, 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 40.—Id., Rep. Orn. Spees., 1873, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 73, 100. 176 ZOOLOGY—BIRDS. This diminutive species has been found abundant at all seasons in every section visited by the survey. In summer, it is rather exclusively pinicoline, ranging upward to the variable pine limit. I have found it as numerous at 10,000 feet as at lower altitudes. In 1873, by June 12, in Southern Colorado, I noticed the old birds flying about the high pine stubs, with food in their bills for the young. In the pines of Mount Graham, Arizona, during the first days of August, young and old were common; the former still dependent wpon the care of the parent birds. I have, therefore, no doubt that two broods are reared in a season. ‘Their habits are eminently social, even during the breeding season; it not being unusual to find several associated with the Titmice and Warblers, the whole band apparently being on the best of terms with each other. As fall approaches these little bands are augmented continually till their number often reaches the hundreds, and the trees seem fairly alive with the merry party, while the loud, querulous weet weet of the Nuthatches, which is constantly repeated as they move along the branches, or fly from tree to tree, is always conspicu- ous among the softer notes of the Warblers and other species. At this sea- son, it descends from the pine region, and is often seen in the groves of evergreen oaks. No. | Sex. | Locality. Date. Collector. Wing.| Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. | | ae aE) ad. | Arizona ....... ------ Nov:..14;°1870'| Bs Bischof. cs0s-s=e| esos e eles eee eee Ree See yecte eae on dOxsccawneees Sas sence OOjensaocle Sees GOysscssccceeces| seni cc ects one eee eee \ocee + oman eee = Ohare ree = amt OVS es | eee OY eset ateeoce bebses) esas lis ces: sane we | 244 |g ad.| Mountains near Fort | June 4, 1873 | H. W. Henshaw...... 2.44 | 1.58 | 0.56 0, 60 Garland, Colo. | 283 |9 ad. |-..... dO!tc2 3 o222)s-20], UNE» 10,1973) |2.2 25 doles. ae aeeeeee 2.52 | 1.57 | 0.54 0. 54 | 486 }Qjun.| Inscription Rock, N. | July 24, 1873 |..---- COU 2: See sete 2.55 | 1.55 | 0.55 0.57 Mex. 988 | 2 Mountainsat thesource | Nov. 5, 1873 |.----- Ove soak ee asda as | 2nO2 i Kogan iOnyy 0, 63 | of Gila River. | 84 |g ad. | Willow Spring, Ariz...| July 12, 1874 |..---- doescemseeeees 2.62 | 1.53 | 0.50] 0.58 Fo eon ees Mount Graham, Ariz..| Sept. 21, 1874 |..---. dokisss<2e-cae 2.58 | 1.55 | 0.53 | 0.60 | 783 oy | Be do. sche soos | eee dos sees Je Mi Rutter soeate see 2.45 | 1.55 | 0.55 0. 58 | 72) SSBB BRE See 0 shea tes ee Sept. 22, 1874 | H. W. Henshaw...... 2.50 | 1.54 | 0 50,0. 58 fot | ee ae ae CO} a0 5 ca aoe wall een eee Dr. J. T. Rothrock....| 2.47 1.47 | 0.55 0.58 325 |g jun. | Huerfano River, N.Mex| Oct. 7, 1874] C. E. Aiken.......... 2.60 | 1.56 | 0.54 0. 60 1025 ie Camp Apache, Ariz....| Nov. —, 1874 H. W. Henshaw...-.. 2.50 | 1.45 | 0.55 0. 59 | PASSERES—CERTHIIDAE—C. FAMILIARIS VAR. AMERICANA. 177 Fam. CERTHIIDA: CREEPERS. CERTHIA FAMILIARIS, L., var. AMERICANA, Bon. Brown Creeper. Certhia americana, BONAP., Comp. List, 1838.—NEwB., P. R. R. Rep., vi, 1857, 79.— Bp., Birds N. A., 1858, 372, pl. 83, f. 2—HkrErRm., P. R. R. Rep., x, pt. iv, 1859, 40.—KENNERLY, P. R. R. Rep., Whipple’s Route, 1859, 26.—HEnry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 107 (New Mexico).—Coop. & Suckt., P. R. R. Rep., xii, pt. ii, 1860, 192.—Bp., Rev. Am. Birds, i, 1864, 89.—CouEs, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1866, 79.—Snow, Birds Kan., 1872, 9. Certhia familiaris, L.— WOODHOUSE, Sitgreave’s Exp. Zuni & Col. Riv., 1854, 66.— CouEs, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 84, f. 28.—Bp., BrEew., & Rina., N. A. Birds, i, 1874, 125, pl. viii, f. 11—CovuEs, U. 8. Geol. Surv. Terr., Birds Northwest, 1874, 26. Certhia familiaris var. americana, HENSHAW, An. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., xi, 1874, 3.—Id., An. List Birds Utah, 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 41.—Id., Rep. Orn. Spees., 1873, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 73. Certhia mexicana, BD., Birds N. A., 1858, 923, pl. 83, f. 2,—CooPER, Am, Nat., iii, 1869, 74.—Id., Birds Cal., 1870, 58. This Creeper has a very general distribution, and in the West is found in about the same degree of abundance as in the Eastern States. It was of rather frequent occurrence in the pine regions of Southern Colorado in June, and was evidently breeding. On several occasions, I noticed the species at Mount Graham, Ariz., and, as late as August 3, found the young still in the first plumage, and, though able to feed and care for themselves, still accompanied by their parents. It has here the same thin, wiry, long drawn note which characterizes it elsewhere, and it is this which most often betrays its presence; for so close does it keep to the trunks of the trees, over which it appears to glide, and so perfectly do its colors harmonize with the tints of the rough bark, that, even when made aware of its actual presence, it is often no easy task to discover its exact whereabouts. Though usually unsuspi- cious, and pursuing its avocation with perfect unconcern in spite of the looker on, its disposition in this respect varies much; both in the East and West, it will occasionally manifest alarm, and, by hiding and dodging behind the limbs, endeavor to escape observation ; in this particular resem- bling many of the woodpeckers. 122 178 ZOOLOGY—BIRDS. The Mexican Creeper (var. mexicana) has not yet been detected within our borders, though its occurrence in the Southern Rocky Mountains. has been thought probable. | No. | Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. Wi ing.| Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. : | : 227 |g ad. | NearFort Garland, Colo} June 3, 1873 | H. W. Henshaw..-.-.. 2.59 | 2.14 | 0. 69 0.55 670 | g | CampApache, Ariz....| Sept. 1, 1873 |.----. dom aaeeees es 2.63 | 2.80 | 0.64 0. 60 281 Jun. | Mount Graham, Ariz ..| Aug. 3, 1874 |-.----.- (Goya ee | Os te! | 2.65 | 0.53 0.57 280 ke FG | Soeeely COIR cose sansa Sea| SeSee GG) apeinne|fbscsae Gly o--sseeeesh&-|| 2 56 | | 2.32 | 0.63 0. 57 Fam. TROGLODYTIDA): Wrens CAMPYLORHYNCHUS BRUNNEICAPILLUS, Lafr. Cactus Wren. Picolaptes brunneicapillus, LAFRESNAYE, Mag. de Zo6l., 1835, 61, pl. xlvii. Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus, BD., Birds N. A., 1858, 355.—Id., U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. ii, 1859, Birds, 13.—H&EERM., P. R. BR. Rep., x, pt. ii, 1859, 41.—Bp., Rev. Am. Birds, i, 1864, 99.—CouvzEs, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 77 (valleys of the Gilaand Lower Colorado).—ZJd., ib., 1868, 83.—COOPER, Birds Cal., i, 1870, 61.—CouEs, Key N. A. Birds, 1872 85. _Bp., BREw., & Ring., N. a Birds, 1874, i, 152, pl. viii, f. 5.—Y ARROW, Rep. nn Specs., 1871, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 34.—Yarrow & HENSHAW, Rep. Orn. Spees., 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 9—HENSHAW, An. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., xi, 1874, 3.—Id., An. List Birds Utah, 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 41.— Id., Rep. Orn. Spees., 1873, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 100. A single individual of this species was captured a few miles north of Saint George, Utah, in October; two others being seen at the same time. It is believed that this is the most northern locality in which this bird has been taken. In the region south of the Gila River in Arizona, and also in South- western New Mexico, this wren is very abundant. Its name is suggestive of its habits; for the broad plains, covered with the various species of cacti, constitute its chosen home, and the neighborhood of these plants forms its hunting ground, while among the branches are seen on every side their curious, bulky, pouch shaped nests. They are also fond of the dense shrub- PASSERES—TROGLODYTIDAE—SALPINCTES OBSOLETUS. 179 bery; and, in the fall, the thickets bordering the streams are frequently resorted to by them. Their loud, harsh notes and active, sprightly motions are always sure to attract the attention of even the casual observer. Though somewhat inquisitive, they are less so than most of this family, and, when they find themselves observed, skulk away into the shelter of the brush or behind the rocks. They go in small companies, or what would appear to be families; and, very likely, the relationship is really thus intimate, the broods remaining intact and not scattering, as is usually the case. No. | Sex Locality. Date. Collector. Wing.| Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. eee Ads |) INevadal-s co.--- aaeac Aug. 14, 1871 | F. Bischoff ....--.----|------|------|------|+------- 369 2 Saint George, Utah -..| Oct. 27, 1872] Dr. H. C. Yarrow ANG! lose ccelleceeca|looeean||edoorsee H. W. Henshaw. Base s|enseee Gila River, Ariz ..---.| Sept. 15, 1873 | H. W. Henshaw..----] 3.17 | 2.97 | 0.90 I, 20 302 |g ad. | Camp Bowie, Ariz ....| Aug. 7, 1874 |.----- doleseneeaeees= 3-53 | 3-40 | 0.95 I, 12 374 |@ ad. |.--.-- dot eeeees nace Aug. 12, 1874 |.----- Gl) Saag ScpoEbe oe 3.15 | 3-15 | 0.92 1.08 SUS et Bisel besece do Boa) Pecor Glo) Sa6ace|lose6ce GO)\ssnesoscecuss 3.14 | 3-37 | 0.85 I. 10 395 |Qjun. |.----. G(s) So Seeearonerc||sesos domaeaes (pase GI) 26 SoncsnoSese 3.23 | 3.22 | 0.74 1.08 396 | ad.|.----. doe se eee PAN On ans eT 74) | eta Glo} ce senoesesede 3.47 | 3-47 | 0.94 1.15 609 | fjun.| Camp Lowell, Ariz....| Sept. 6, 1874 ].----- Gls) sacs tSO5S6 Be 3.00 | 2.45 | 0.73 I, 04 Gs igeadnl|taanse Gl)ceeicreecsesal asqog Gli) co eeide|Saoteal) osscnaacotene 3.64 | 3.35 | 9.90 1.15 tesa ery be hemes Gl eeesousboaecu Sepf. 13), 1874! |/------ Glo oe oSeciGape 3.42 | 3.50 | 0.80 Teed oir |Qjun.| Gila River, Ariz .-.--- Octasis74lleeene = dopeew ees ete. 3.16 | 3.08 | 0.81 1.06 g12 |Qjun.| ----- do Secosser||fonu] G16) peel fsnceaa do 3. 36 | 3.31 | 0.80 1.15 SALPINCTES OBSOLETUS (Say). Rock Wren. Troglodytes obsoletus, Say, Long’s Exped., ii, 1523, 4 (South Fork of the Platte).— Woonu., Sitgreave’s Exp. Zuni & Col. Riv., 1854, 66.—NEwB., P. k. R. Rep., xi, 1857, 80.— HEERM., P. R. R. Rep., x, pt. iv, 1859, 41. Salpinctes obsoletus, BD., lves’ Col. Exped., 1857-58, pt. iv, 6.—Id., Birds N, A., 1858, 357.— Id., U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. ii, 1859, Birds, 13.—Id., Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 191 (Fort Tejon, Cal.)—Hrnry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 107 (New Mexico).—Hayp., Trans. Am. Phil. Soe., xii, 1862, 163.—Bp., Rev. Am. Birds, i, 1864, 110.—CovEs, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 77 (Fort Whipple).—Id., ib., 1868, 83.—CooPER, Am. Nat., iii, 1869, 297 (Upper Missouri); 73 (breeding at Fort Benton).—Id., Proce. Cal. Acad., 1870, 75 (Colorado River).—Id., Birds Cal., 1570, 64.—STEV., 180 ZOOLOGY—BIRDS. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1870, 464—ALLEN, Bul. Mus. Comp. ZoGl., 1872, 174 (mountains of Colorado; Ogden, Utah).—Covugs, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 85.—HOoLD., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xv, 1872, 195 (Black Hills)— MERRIAM, U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1872, 673.—Bp., Brew., & Ripa., N. A. Birds, i, 1874, 135, pl. vili, fig. 3—HENsuAw, An. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., xi, 1874, 3.—Jd., An. List Birds Utah, 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 41.— Yarrow & HENSHAW, Rep. Orn. Specs., 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 8.— HENSHAW, Rep. Orn. Specs., 1873, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 100.—ALLEN, Proce. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., June, 1874, 20.—Cours, U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., Birds Northwest, 1874, 27. This wren is an abundant inhabitant of the central mountainous region generally, and has been found by our parties to be common in nearly every section visited in Eastern Nevada, Utah (especially the more southern por- tion), Arizona, and New Mexico. In Colorado, it was found by Mr. Aiken, who procured a number of specimens. It everywhere shows a most marked predilection for rocky localities, and the confused masses of volcanic débris in the wildest and most desolate regions appear to be especially congenial to its nature. It occasionally, however, courts rather than shuns the pres- ence of man; and, at Toquerville, Utah, I often heard the sound of its bright, cheery notes coming from the stone walls which inclose the gardens. In the vicinity of Santa F¢,it breeds abundantly, and here, too, frequents the neighborhood of gardens. The young in nesting plumage were taken at Fort Wingate, N. Mex. y D5 to) I cao] to) ? ] July 14. On the 28th, at Zuni, a nest was found containing four young nearly fledged. The nest proper was merely @ pile of grasses, slightly hollowed, and lined with horse hairs and bits of sheep's wool. This was placed in a natural cavity of a clayey bank. It was without doubt a second brood. A second nest, obtained near Santa Fé, June 17, was placed on the bare ground beneath an overhanging rock. The nest was merely a mass of sticks, the interior nest being composed of strips of bark, and but slightly hollowed. It contained three young and one egg. ‘This was pure white, spotted, chiefly at the large end, with fine reddish-brown markings. PASSERES—TROGLODYTIDAE—CATHERPES MEXICANUS. 181 No. | Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. Wing.| Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. 141 fe) Gunnison, Utah ...-... Sepia s lo7oimidte abl enshawsaseeels ees see cac| Bes. cee ee 2.29 | 2.32 | 0. 75 0, 70 River, N. Mex. | DOR ees s cal tect RE el Bee does | eee Uther e 2.25 | 2.07 | 0.75 0. 72 OD | hoe na Black River, Ariz .....| Oct. 7, 1874].----- [a fo eam ey ae 2 |e S | o. 78 0. 69 |} 1061 | gf ? | Camp Apache, Ariz....| Oct. 21, 1874]|.---.. (i (oe prey eis] Wee iris EE Ee 0. 72 PASSERES—TROGLODYTIDAE—THRYOTHORUS BEWICKI. 183 , THRYOTHORUS BEWICKI (Aud.), var. LEUCOGASTER, Baird. White-bellied Wren. PLATE I, Fia. 1. Thryothorus bewickii var. leucogaster, BD., Rev. Am. Birds, i, 1864, 127 (not of Gould).— Cougs, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 86.—Bp., Brew., & RipG., N. A. Birds, i, ‘1874, 147.—Yarrow & HensuAw, Rep. Orn. Specs., 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 9.—HENsHAW, An. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., xi, 1874, 3.—Jd., An. List Birds Utah, 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 41.—Jd., Rep. Orn. Spees., 1873, Wheelei’s Exped., 1874, 101.—CovEs, Birds Northwest, 1874, 31. Thryothorus bewickii, XANTUS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 191.—CovEs, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 78 (Fort Whipple, Ariz.). Nots.—The Troglodytes leucogastra of Gould, supposed by Baird to be this bird, has been shown to be entirely different. But as Gould’s bird falls in a different genus, Baird’s name leucogaster, of 1864, may be accepted for this variety. See Ibis, 1875, p.—. This wren was found to be of rather common occurrence in Southern Arizona, and to be generally, though rather sparingly, distributed throughout Eastern Arizona from Camp Apache southward. It, without doubt, occurs similarly in New Mexico. I know of nothing in its habits which peculiarly distinguishes it from its eastern relative. It seems to prefer the thickets and clumps of bushes on the open hill sides, where it spends much of its time on the ground searching for food among the roots. Besides possessing the usual variety of quaint, sputtering, wren-like notes, it has also a very pretty song, which I have heard only once or twice. This was a short warbling lay, much varied with low sweet trills, and occasionally interspersed with a hoarse scolding note. No, | Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. Wing.} Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. 259 | ad. | Iron City, Utah....--.| Oct. 6, 1872 | H. W. Henshaw..-.-.|------| -----|------]-------- 328 | ¢g | Toquerville, Utah..... Oct. 20, 1872| Dr. H.C. Yarrow and |.----.].----.]------]-------- H. W. Henshaw. 356] oO Washington, Utah ..-.| Oct. 23, 1872 | H. W. Henshaw..--.-.|.-----|------|---+--l-------- 590 | ¢& | Camp Apache, Ariz....| Aug. 21, 1873 |.----- (Glo) cececcapsssce GANS || ent | oe aot 0. 80 Gool | arcyanl|esse=- GO aestozece As sa|| GN ORBAN lee Bene GWyscEecaSeSpece 2.25 | 2.35 | 0.58 0. 73 750| 6 Southern Arizona .....| Sept. 11, 1873 |------ Owen ees iteiaa 2.33 | 2.40 | 0.55 0, 63 158 |Qjun. | NearCamp Apache, Ariz] July 19, 1874 |.----- Gliesse6 Sec sad deecee||>oesenl boteso| Hosaccee 159 |djun.|.----. doyeees nace yaeSailleae.: owe ser a| sence fbi Smad paseo see Seae=4|lseaseal losses lsscnrsass 172 |$jun.|.---.. Glo) cada S been eace July 20, 1874].----- (lS) sadSseces cacellSesss 4] ASSS54| SS Dees) Rebeessa| 323 |d jun. |------ Opava oe eae es Aug. 8, 1874 |-.---- dom ataeeee aes |e laeaiele eaeee Score 497 |Qjun. | Camp Crittenden, Ariz.| Aug. 24, 1874 |..---- does Sreuccoes 2.25 | 2.41 | 0.53 0. 73 | 1344 | Ad. | Southern Arizona .....| Oct. —, 1874] -.--- COpeseanc meee 2.12 | 2.44 | 0.54 0. 71 g60 | gjun.| Gila River, Ariz ..-.-. Octwa a 1S74) nc Cle Sapa eoeees 2.12 | 2.40 | 0.55 0. 70 975 |¢ ad. | Camp Apache, Ariz ...} Oct. 9, 1874 ].----- GO es Cod cdeiscel) Gaeta Keon MOL 0.75 184 ZOOLOGY—BIRDS. TROGLODYTES ABEDON, Vieill., var. PARKMANNI, Aud. Parkmann’s Wren. Troglodytes parkmanni, AUD., Orn. Biog., v, 1839, 310.—BD., Ives’ Col. Exped., 1857, pt. iv, 6—Bp., Birds N. A., 1858, 867—Xantus, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 191 (Fort Tejon, Cal.).—Bp., U. 8S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. ii, 1859, Birds, 13.—Coopr. & SucKu., P. R. R. Rep., xii, pt. ii, 1860, 191.— Bp., Rev. Am. Birds, i, 1864, 140.—Covgs, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 78 (Fort Whipple)—Cooprr, Proc. Cal. Acad., 1870, 75.—Id., Birds Cal., 1870, 71—Srev., U. 8. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1870, 464.—AIKEN, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1872, 196—MeErriam, U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1872, 673.— HaAyp., Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., xii, 1862, 164. Troglodytes aédon var. parkmanni, Cours, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 87.—BDp., BrEw., & Ring., N. A. Birds, i, 1874, 153—HENSHAW, Rep. Orn. Specs., 1873, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 57, 74, 101—YArrow & HENSHAW, Rep. Orn. Spees., 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 8 —-HrnsHaAw, An. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., xi, 1874, 3.—Id., An. List Birds Utah, 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 41.— ALLEN; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., June, 1874, 17, 20.—CovuEs, Birds Northwest, 1874, 32. Troglodytes americanus, HEERM., P. R. R. Rep., x, pt. iv, 1859, 41. Troglodytes aédon?, HEERM., P. R. R. Rep., x, pt. iv, 1859, 41.—ALLEN, Bul. Mus, Comp. ZoéL, 1872, 174 (Eastern and Middle Kansas; mountains of Colorado). This, the representative in the West of the well known House Wren, is everywhere the most abundant of its tribe, retaining wherever found all the well known habits and odd mixture of notes of its eastern analogue. In the vicinity of settlements, it shows much familiarity, building freely in the barns and outbuildings. It is, however, by no means confined to pop- ulated districts, but inhabits the dense thickets of the streams, and extends upward in the mountains to an altitude of 10,000 feet, inhabiting the pine woods. In Colorado, I found a pair building May 23. Nearly a month later, a nest was obtained, built in a small stub. The hole was nearly filled up with a mass of twigs, in the center of which was left a deep cavity, lined with sheeps’ wool and feathers. It contained but a single egg. This was white, covered with fine reddish-brown spots. PASSERES—TROGLODYTIDAE—CISTOTHORUS STELLARIS. 185 No. | Sex. Locality. .| Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. 103 |Qjun. | Wahsatch Mts., Utah..| Aug. 17, 1872 | H. W. Henshaw..----|------]------|----+-|--++---- 164 |g ad. | Otter Creek, Utah ....| Sept. 14, 1872 |..---. do-..-.-.------|------]------|------|---+---- 82 |g ad. | Denver, Colo.......... 1.97 | 0.50 0, 68 Te2i uaa |e a= dOrenaigssoc cca 2.02 | 0.54 0. 63 68 | g ad. | South Park, Colo...-.. June 27, 1873] Dr. J. T. Rothrock....| 2.06 | 1.90 | 0.54 0. 72 10 | Jun. | Pueblo, Colo ......--.. July 4, 1874) C. E. Aiken.-.-...... 2.03 | 1.92 | 0.50 0. 72 773 \| Weve || Aceon do Si-sssecie-ec| JULY. 25, 1874)|-----. Gb)e osseeeosoca5 2.00 | 1.88 | 0.45 0. 70 82 |9 ad. | Willow Spring, Ariz...| July 26, 1874] H. W. Henshaw...-.-- 1..87 | 1.78 | 0. 48 0. 65 129 |g ad. | Fort Garland, Colo....| Aug. 11, 1874] C. E. Aiken .......--- 2.23 | 2.05 | 0.48 0. 72 286 | # ad. | Pagosa, Colo ......-.- Sept. 19, 1874 ].----- dojseacs-co-s=0 2.08 | 1.98 | 0.50 0. 67 FOTW | seen Mount Graham, Ariz..| Sept. 22, 1874 | H. W. Henshaw...... 2.05 | 1.77 | 0.54 0, 68 BOI |so nse Rio Grande, Colo - ..-- Sept. 26, 1874 | C. E. Aiken ..-.....-- 1,98 | 1.80 | 0.47 0. 68 CISTOTHORUS STELLARIS (Licht.) Short-billed Marsh Wren. Troglodytes stellaris, L1CHY.—NAUMANN, Vogel Deutschlands, iii, 1823, 724 (Caro- lina). Cistothorus stellaris, BD., Birds N. A., 1858, 365.—HaAyp., Trans. Am. Phil. Soe., xii, 1862, 163 (Council Bluffs and Big Sioux River).—Bp., Rev. Am. Birds, i, 1864, 146.—Snow, Birds Kan., 1872, 9.—CouEs, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 88.—Bp., Brew., & Rina., N. A. Birds, i, 1874, 159, pl. ix, f. 7—YARROW & HENSHAW, Rep. Orn. Spees., 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 9.— HENSHAW, An. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., xi, 1874, 3—Id., An. List Birds Utah, 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 41.—Covurs, Birds Northwest, 1874, 36. Troglodytes brevirostris, NuTT., Man. i, 1832, 436. The most western locality hitherto recorded for this species is the Loup Fork of the Platte, where it was taken by Lieutenant Warren’s expedition. While at Provo, Utah, we received undoubted evidence of its existence in the marshes of the river, where it lived in company with the proceeds —Succesctiny / species. Although no individuals were actually captured, the nests and / eggs were seen which had been secured in this locality. CISTOTHORUS PALUSTRIS, Wils., var. PALUDICOLA, Bd. Western Long-billed Marsh Wren. Cistothorus palustris var. paludicola, BD., Rev. Am. Birds, i, 1864, 148.—Bp., BREw., & Rine., N. A. Birds, i, 1874, 161—Yarrow & HENSHAW, Rep. Orn. Specs., 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 9.—HENSHAW, An. Lye. Nat. Hist. N: Mi; x1; 1874, 3.—Id., An. List Birds Utah, 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 41. 186 ZOOLOGY—BIRDS. Telmatodytes palustris var. paludicola, HENSHAW, Rep. Orn. Specs., 1873, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 74, 101. Troglodytes ‘palustris, News., P. R. R. Rep., xi, 1857, 80—Hrrrm., P. R. R. Rep., x, pt. iv, 1859, 41. ; Cistothorus palustris, XANTUS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 191 (Fort Tejon, Cal.).—Coor. & Suckt., P. R. R. Rep., xii, pt. ii, 1860, 190.—Hayp., Trans. Am. Phil. Soe., xii, 1862, 163.—Coumrs, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1566, 78 (Fort Whipple, Ariz.)—Coorer, Birds Cal., 1870, 75.—ALLEN, Bull. Mus. Comp. ZoGl., 1872, 175 (Ogden, Utah).—Snow, Birds Kan., 1872, 9.— AIKEN, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xv, 1872, 196—MERRIAM, U. 8S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1872, 673. Cistothorus (Telmatodytes) palustris, Bp., Birds N. A., 1858, 364. ‘elmatodytes palustris, COUES, Birds Northwest, 1874, 34.—HENRyY, Proc. Acad. Nat.- Sci. Phila., 1859, 107 (New Mexico). In the extensive marshes which border Utah Lake, and which are cov- ered with a dense growth of coarse grasses and reeds, these wrens were exceedingly numerous; and, in breaking a path through the reeds, which often are so dense as to render progress well nigh impossible, hundreds of these little birds were startled up from their retreats, while their harsh notes were heard on all sides in angry expostulation. Almost as numerous as the birds themselves were their nests, which were seen_on all sides, suspended on the tall, waving stems. In Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico, each and every marshy spot suited to its habits is sure to have at least a pair of these birds. They are quite irregular in their time of nesting, but near the middle of June appears to be the usual time ; and I found them in Southern Colorado at this date just depositing their first eggs. | No. | Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. Wing.| Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. | : 83 |Q ad.| Provo, Utah.......... July: 25,7572 |Dr. HG) Yarrow ands |sce—s | coer as ean | seer H. W. Henshaw. Sawa lige ade sane dO eee na =o bly RO nn O 72) eee Oana eee ea ea eee ee 208 é Rush Lake, Utah ..... Oct. ).2;, 7872! EW Hensliawy occ —olecoecs|>- eee aoe see aaa 209 | ee Rec dosnt a. caste come do. Sane WO) a aha cain ape oS cial care acetal oe oe a er Se 306 9 Toquerville, Utah..... Och, sik, 1S 72i|2en es DOT eaves = | eee | es Se eee Cee 167 | ad.| Alkali Lakes, Colo ....| May 28, 1873].-.---- OGic coceups ce. top 2.08 | 1.94 | 0.50 0. 66 7S Ay Adel ons 3 (MO occ ae. ee | DV eal) 7 ee dO oe fais wea om |) 2,004 2000) lo oeeen 0. 67 Perea Arath)| ens. dO 2.2228 ee June 4, 1873].----. ie yt SN as Se | 2.04 | 1.95 | 0.51 0. 66 3 Sal ad. | Lake Piedra, N. Mex..| Sept. 13, 1874 C. E. Aiken .......--.. 2.03 | 1.92 | 0, 50 0. 73 | PASSERES—MOTACILLIDAE—ANTHUS LUDOVICIANUS. 187 Fam. MOTACILLIDAE: WaGrTats. ANTHUS LUDOVICIANUS (Gm.). Vitlark. Alauda ludoviciana, GM., Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 793. Anthus ludovicianus, Bp., U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. ii, 1854, Birds, 10.—Id., The Ives’ Col. Exped., 1857-58, pt. iv, 5—Id., Birds N. A., 1858, 232.—X ANTUS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 190 (Fort Tejon, Cal.).— HEERM., P. R. R. Rep., x, pt. iv, 1859, 45.—HEnRy, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1839, 107 (New Mexico).—Coopr. & Sucku., P. R. R. Rep., xii, pt. ii, 1860, 176.— Hayp., Trans. Am. Phil. Soe., xii, 1862, 159.—Bp., Rev. Am. Birds, i, 1864, 153.—CovuEs, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 67 (Fort Whipple, winter).— Id., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, 82—CoopEr, Proc. Cal. Acad., 1870, 75.—Id., Birds Cal., i, 1870, 78.—Srrv., U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1870, 463.—ALLEN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 1872, 175 (mountains of Colorado; Wahsatch Mountains).—SNow, Birds Kan., 1872, 7.—CouxEs, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 40.—MERRIAM, U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1872, 674 (Snake River).— AIKEN, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1872, 196 (breeding in mountains of Colorado).—YARRowW & HeEnsHaw, Rep. Orn. Spees., 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 10.—HENSHAW, An. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., xi, 1874, 3.—Zd., An. List Birds Utah, 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 41.—ALLEN, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., June, 1874, 20.—Covuxs, Birds Northwest, 1874, 40. Titlark has been met with by our parties only as a late summer and fall migrant, as which it occurs generally throughout the West. ‘The discovery of the young by Mr. J. A. Allen, in the mountains of Colorado, at an age scarcely able to fly, proves the fact of its breeding in the locality. In its course southward, it reaches Arizona early in October; and, though I have never seen it abundant, or in large flocks, its distribution appears quite general, a few being met with here and there in very much the same situa- tions as the birds affect at this season in the East, especially among the stubble and weeds of the plowed lands. No. | Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. Wing.| Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. 211 |Qjun. | Rush Lake, Utah.....] Oct. 2, 1872 | H. W. Henshaw..-.-.].-----|------|------|-------- S545) (enc Washington, Utah -...| Oct. 23, 1872] Dr. H. C. Yarrow and |..---.|------|------|-------- H. W. Henshaw. IN) |e se (Alcohol) easasen eee —— —, 1872]...-.. Ge se aese cab S60 leosead | taboee| peeoos| |bepedorce 188 ZOOLOGY—BIRDS. Fam. SYLVICOLIDAE: WARBLERS. HELMINTHOPHAGA RUFICAPILLA (Wils.). Nashville Warbler. Sylvia ruficapilla, WILS., Am. Orn., iii, 1811, 120, pl. xxvii, fig. 3. Helminthophaga ruficapilla, BD., Birds N. A., 1858, 256.—Xanvus, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 191 (Fort Tejon, Cal.).—Bp., Rev. Am. Birds, i, 1864, 175.—Coorer, Birds Cal., i, 1870, 82 (Sierra Nevada, near Lake Tahoe, Gruber, 1873).—SNow, Birds Kan., 1872, 7— ALLEN, Bul. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 1872, 175 (Eastern Kansas, May; Ogden, Utah; Wahsatch Mountains).— Cours, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 94.—Bp., BrEw., & Rina., N. A. Birds, i, 1874, 196, pl. xi, f. 7.— HENSHAW, An. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., xi., 1874, 3.— Id., An. List Birds Utah, 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 41.—Couus, Birds Northwest, 1874, 50. This species, though detected at several points west of the Rocky Mountains, seems to be quite rare. It was never seen by us in Utah, where, however, Mr. Allen considered it quite common in the neighborhood of Ogden in September. In California, it was taken during the summer in numbers in the Sierra Nevada near Lake Tahoe. In Arizona, I do not think it occurs, save as a migrant. About Camp Crittenden, in the extreme south- ern portion of the Territory, it was quite common during the last few days of August and the first of September. They appeared to keep constantly in the low trees and bushes, and were very active in their pursuit of insects. Specimens collected from this locality show some slight peculiarities of coloration in the restriction of the yellow of the throat and the more decided ashy tinge of the sides of the head. a | No. | Sex. | Locality. Date. Collector. Wing.| Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. peas | 507) |poenio Camp Crittenden, Ariz.| Aug. 27, 1874 | H. W. Henshaw......] 2.23 | 1.82 | 0.40 0. 65 BYGW ane | sano ac disease seteres leeaers don eee eens dO! saensitn cies aa] 2740rl) te Q2nleoemee 0. 65 §26 |9 ad. os W1O.e sauce cm Somes Augy 20) 1874)|2-5- dOneena se aeenon| 2047 | 2n03i | 0:36 0, 68 dO seece seer Septs 3; 1874)\|-oe-<- dOSeecan eee anen| 2227 en Oo nag 0. 65 596 ke ad. eae PASSERES—SYLVICOLIDAE—HELMINTHOPHAGA VIRGINIAE. 189 HELMINTHOPHAGA VIRGINIAE, Ba. Virginia’s Warbler. Helminthophaga virginia, BD., Birds N. A., 1860, p. xi, pl. 79, f. 1 (near Taos, N. M.).— Id., Rey. Am. Birds, i, 1864, 177.—Couss, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 70 (Fort Whipple, Ariz.)—CoopEr, Birds Cal., i, 1870, 85.—CouEs, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 94.—A1kEN, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1872, 196—Couss, Birds Northwest, 1874, 51.—HENSHAW, An. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., xi, 1874, 3.—Id., An. List Birds Utah, 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 41. Mr. Ridgway appears to be the only one who has found this bird at all common. He found it so in the East Humboldt and Wahsatch Mount- ains, in both localities as a summer resident. In Arizona, I have met with it but once, and if it occurs in summer it must, I think, be quite rare, and only in the northern portion. Two specimens were secured in the White Mountains, August 11. The following interesting account is furnished by Mr. C. E. Aiken: “Helminthophaga virginie, Bd.—Mountain Warbler.—This warbler is found very commonly in some parts of Colorado, both as a migrant and as a regular summer resident. At Pagosa I saw it several times in September, and once at Fort Garlandin August ; but it is most common along the eastern base of the Rocky Mountains. It is strictly a bird of the mountains, though rarely found at a greater altitude than 7,500 feet, preferring rather the lowest foot hills; and, although sometimes so abundant in its favorite haunts as to outnumber all other warblers, it is frequently wholly overlooked by natur- alists because of its restricted range. During its migrations, this interesting little bird may be found among the cottonwoods and willows bordering the streams, and often also among the pines; but in summer it frequents only the low scrub oak brush on the hill sides. It exhibits at all times a good deal of shyness, hiding instantly on the approach of an intruder, or keeping at a very respectful distance while uttering its sharp alarm note. “The male is very musical during the nesting season, uttering his sweet little ditty continually, as he skips through the bushes in search of his morning repast; or, having satisfied his appetite, he mounts to the top of some tree in the neighborhood, of his nest, and repeats at regular intervals a song of remarkable fullness for a bird of such minute proportions. The Lazuli 190 ZOOLOGY—BIRDS. Finch frequents the same localities as the Mountain Warbler, and the notes of the two are so much alike that I have frequently found myself at a loss to distinguish between them. No bird with which I am acquainted conceals its nest more effectually than this warbler. This is placed at the base of a tussock of grass, among the oak bushes, being sunk in a hollow scratched in the earth, so that the rim of the nest is on a level with the surface. The overhanging grass of the tussock hides all so completely that the nest is only to be discovered by the most careful and persistent search. About the first of June, five white eggs, delicately speckled with reddish-brown, are laid.” | No. | Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. Wing.) Tail. | Bill. Tarsus. | =| = 553 | @ | White Mts., Arizona...! Aug. 11, 1873| H. W. Henshaw....-. 2.03 | 1.93 | 0.42 0. 67 | Sea eo. iene 60 epee eee eee 6M oa 5-}fesss-e do" === scoe)=--] 20K) |) 220080240 0. 65 | 227 |g ad.| Navajo Creek, Colo....| Sept. 11, 1874] C. E. Aiken ..:....--. 2.52 | 2.12 | 0.46 0. 68 CER pe eece| Se dG icaas emer enes wane a (ileeooe-||soso5= WW iach4--sgacco> 2.35 | 2.03 | 0.35 0. 68 253 | 9 ? | Tierra Amarilla, N.Mex| Sept. 15, 1874].----. dO\-casteees -22-| 2.46 sleigraliows | 0. 65 | HELMINTHOPHAGA LUCIAE, Cooper. Lucy’s Warbler. Helminthophaga lucie, COOPER, Proce. Cal. Acad., July, 1861, 120 (Fort Mojave, Ariz.).— Bp., Rev. Am. Birds, i, 1864, 178.—Covrs, Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 70 (Fort Whipple, Ariz )—CoopEr, Birds Cal., i, 1870, 84.—Covrs, Am. Nat., vi, 1872, 493.—Id.,, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 94.-—-Bp., Brew., & Rine., N. A. Birds, 1875, i, 200, pl. xi, f. 9; app. 504 (Tucson, Ariz., nesting). I can add nothing to increase our somewhat slender stock of knowledge of the habits of this recently discovered species. Dr. Cooper discovered and found the species quite common at Fort Mojave, Ariz , in the western part of the Territory; and, since then, it has been met with by Dr. Coues at Fort Whipple y ? ] ’ yy } I ? and by Captain Bendire near Tucson, where it was nesting. Though fully expecting to meet with the species, I did not detect it, either in New Mexico or in Arizona, till the last season, when I took a single specimen at Camp Lowell, near where it had been noted by Captain Bendire. Dr. Coues, in speaking of the species, has compared its actions and notes to those of the Gnatcatchers, and quite aptly, judging from the one individual seen by me. Indeed, on first hearing its wiry fsip as it glanced rapidly through the low PASSERES—SYLVICOLIDAE—HELMINTHOPHAGA CELATA. 191] inesquite trees, I scarcely noticed it, passing it by as a veritable Gnat- catcher; but, its different form attracting my notice, I identified it immediately. No. | Sex. Locality. Date. | Collector. Wing.| Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. 681 |g ad. | Camp Lowell, Ariz...) Sept. 11, 14 H. W. Henshaw..-.-.-- 257m lene 0. 37 | 0.59 HELMINTHOPHAGA CELATA, Say. Orange-crowned Warbler. Sylvia celata, SAY, Long’s Exped., i, 1823, 169. Helminthophaga celata, Bp., U. 8S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. ii, 1859, Birds, 10 (Browns- ville, Tex.).—Id., Ives’ Col. Exped., 1857, pt. iv, 5.—Id., Birds N. A., 1858, 257.—HEERM., P. R. R. Rep., x, pt. iv, 1859, 40.—X anus, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 191 (Fort Tejon, Cal.).—Coop. & SucKt., P. R. R. Rep., xii, pt. ii, 1860, 178 —Hayp., Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., xii, 1862, 160.—Bp., Rev. Am. Birds, i, 1865, 176.—CovuEs, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 70 (Fort Tejon, Cal.; Fort Mojave, Ariz.)—CoopEr, Birds Cal., i, 1870, 83.—Id., Proce. Cal. Acad., 1870, 75.—Stkrv., U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1870, 463.— CouEs, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 95.—ALLEN, Bul. Mus. Comp. Zoil., 1872, 175 (astern Kansas; Ogden, Utah ; Wahsatch Mountains).—Snow, Birds Kan., 1872, 7.—A1KEN, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1872, 196.—Bp., Brew., & Rina., N. A. Birds, i, 1874, 202, pl. xi, f. 4 -HrnsHAw, An. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., xi, 1874, 3.—Jd., An. List Birds Utah, 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 41.—Jd., Rep. Orn. Spees., 1873, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 57, 74, 102.—CovEs, Birds Northwest, 1874, 52. During the migrations, a very generally distributed species, frequenting the tops of the smaller trees and low bushes, whence it may often be seen darting forth in pursuit of some passing insect. In the breeding season, it ascends higher up, and is then found among the shrubbery on the open mountain sides. At this season, I have found it as high up as 11,000 feet. The song is a short simple lay, consisting of a few sweet trills, given with considerable spirit, and ending with a rising inflection. No. | Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. Wing.| Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. 24) | dadq|| Denver; (Colo. 2-22 <2. May 9, 1873) H. W. Henshaw---.---.| 2.40 | 2.09 | 0.49 0. 66 291 |g ad. | Near Fort Garland, Colo)... - Glee pomac| Seneca domes esses 2552107) || O45 0. 72 oan|igead. || Denver, \Coloms-— =... May) 17; 1873))|s20oa0 domins-e- sees ee 2547) |b2.14 | 0.40 0. 64 (G62) 9d Campi Apaches Ariz Sept. 91, 1873) |: =. - Ojon eee 4 34, 2500/0238 0, 66 256 |Qjun.| Mount Graham, Ariz..) Aug. 1, 1874 |......'do......-...... 2. 33 | 2.02 | 0.39 0, 65 229 |9 ad. | Lake Piedra, N. Mex..| Sept. 11, 1874 | C. E. Aiken .......... 2.29 | 2.00 | 0.38 0, 72 259 |& ad. | Navajo Creek, Colo ...| Sept..15, 1874 |...... dome etek. Se 2.37 | 2.04 | 0.39 0. 70 778 |@ ad.| Mount Graham, Ariz..| Sept. 21, 1874 | H. W. Henshaw.... -. 2.25 | 2.00 | 0.40 0. 68 1008 | $ ad. | Camp Apache, Ariz -..| Oct. 11, 1874]....-. doer eo aciba: 2.55 | 2.20 | 0.40 0. 65 192 ZOOLOGY—BIRDS. DENDROICA AESTIVA (Gm.). Yellow Warbler. Motacilla estiva, GM., Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 996. Sylvicola estiva, WoonDHu., Sitgreave’s Exp. Zuni & Col. Riv., 1854, 70. Dendroica astiva, BD., U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. ii, 1859, Birds, 10.—Bp., Birds N. A., 1858, 282.—HEERM., P. R. R. Rep., x, pt. iv, 1859, 40.—Xan- Tus, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 19 (Fort Tejon, Cal.)—Coor. & Sucku., P. R. R. Rep., xii, pt. ii, 1860, 181.—HaAyp., Trans. Am. Phil. Soe., xii, 1862, 161.—Bp., Rey. Am. Birds, i, 1865, 195.—CouEs, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 69 (Fort Whipple, Ariz.)—Cours, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, 83.—CovuEs, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 97, and of late writers—ALLEN, Bul. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 1872, 175 (Kansas; Colorado; Utah).—Snow, Birds Kan., 1872, 7.—MeErrtAm, U. 8. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1872, 675 (Ogden, Utah)—Bp., Brew., & Ripa., N. A. Birds, i, 1574, 223, pl. xiv, f. 1—YARROw, Rep. Orn. Spees., 1871, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 34—Yarrow & HeEnsHAaw, Rep. Orn. Spees., 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 10.—HENSHAW, Rep. Orn. Spees., 1873, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 58, 74, 102.—Jd., An. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., xi, 1874, 4.—Jd., An. List Birds Utah, 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 41.—ALLEN, Proce. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., June, 1874, 15, 17, 22.—Covks, Birds Northwest, 1874, 54. The Yellow Warbler was seen frequently in Utah, especially in the vicinity of towns. In Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona, itis a common bird; the deciduous trees of the streams on the plains being its ordinary resort. In Southern Colorado, several nests were obtained, and showed a simi- larity in structure to the usual style. One made of sheeps’ wool and hempen material, lined with fine grasses and feathers, has more the appearance of a flycatcher’s nest. Except that it is thicker and more carefully made, it might be mistaken for that of Hmpidonax pusillus. The ground color of the eggs taken in the West is pure white, and lacks the greenish tinge which is charactersitic of all eastern specimens I have seen. No. | Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. Wing,| Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. Blas : | sy Nae De = 221) 9\-ad.\| Nevadaienc-sy-ceee eo) Auge Oto |B Bischofieesacesneea| ence | Pee PRR fom rm 55 |Qjun.| Provo, Utah.......... | July 25, 1872| H. W. Henshaw and }..--.. eRe PRC Bea | Dr. H. C. Yarrow. | | | ter 9 ad. | ----. dO oes ecco ane heater GO aztec: |eoctes do ke Scene Seccs|'snoceseeeeee Peres Poo 144 |Qjun. |..--.. OG) emcee cts cere | July 30, 1872) |22-- ~~ Gls acer odeeecel bescs- pares eee eee oe 145) | 9) ads) o~ = ee Mune ame ali zee 4) sees CO yeemers eetinos [eae | San ell Beate et ereeatatens PANTO}! noe ae (Alcoholic) .....-. a —-, oy Al (3 oe pen ences | Lee eee meen eel Acti leteoee hit Soe doe ce | . 1892) | sae {ih 20 5. So See eee loka nae Oe Pere 9 {9 ad.| Fort Garland, Colo....] May 15, 1873| H. W. Henshaw...... 2.37 | 1.95 | 0.40] 0.70 | PASSERES—SYLVICOLIDAE—DENDROICA CORONATA. 193 DENDROICA CORONATA (L.). Yellow-rump Warbier. Motacilia coronata, LINN., Syst. Nat., i, 1766, 333. Sylvicola coronata, WoonvH., Sitgreave’s Exp. Zuni & Col. Riv., 1854, 71. Dendroica coronata, BD., Birds N. A., 1858, 272.—HEnRyY, Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 106 (New Mexico).—Coop. & SucKL., P. R. R. Rep., xii, pt. ii, 1860, 180.— HAyD., Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., xii, 1862, 160.—Bp., Rev. Am. Birds, i, 1865, 187.—CooPER, Birds Cal., 1870, 89.—Cours, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 99, f. 41.—ALLEN, Bul. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 1872, 175 (Eastern Kansas).— Snow, Birds Kan., 1872, 7,—AIkEn, Proce. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1872, 196.— Bp., BREw., & RrpG., N. A. Birds, i, 1874, 227, pl. xii, f. 9 HENSHAW, Rep. Orn. Spees., 1873, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 58.—Covgs, Birds Northwest, 1874, 57. In the Middle Province, this species occurs only as a migrant, and it would appear to be rather uncommon. Early in May, a few were noticed near Denver, Colo., mingled with the flocks of the Audubon’s Warbler, whose habits at this season at least appear to be the counterpart of its own. They move easily and quickly through the small trees and bushes, pursuing all the while an onward course, now and then descending to the ground, or poising themselves for an instant on fluttering wings to pick off an insect from the under surface of a leaf or crevice in the bark. Many of the males were in song, and often lingered for an instant to give voice to a low, sweet warble. Several times, I heard males of the two species singing in the same tree, and was thus enabled to note the very great simi- larity of the two songs. I never met with the species in this region during the fall. No. | Sex. Locality. ; Date. Collector. Wing.} Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. U0) |\Ohad. || Denver, Colo s--+.--s- May 7, 1873| H. W. Henshaw...-... 2.80 | 2.33 | 0.40 0. 72 23a (suddey ease 0) eee ema | Vaya O39k 573) eames dotwecseaccces= 2.90 | 2.35 | 0.39 0. 73 1230 ((Oads oop e er CO ew seweme sos May 17, 1873).-----. doje te swesstiee 2.90 | 2.33] 0.40 0. 73 194 ZOOLOGY—BIRDS. DENDROICA AUDUBONI, (Towns.). Audubon’s Warbler. Sylvia auduboni, Towns., Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vii, ii, 1837, 190. Sylvicola audubonii, Woonu., Sitgreave’s Exp. Zuni & Col. Riv., 1854, 71. Dendroica audubonii Bp., U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. ii, 1854, Birds, 10.—/d., Birds N. A., 1858, 273.—X AnTUwS, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 191 (Fort Tejon, Cal.) —KENNERLY, P. R. R. Rep., Whipple’s Route, x, 1859, 24—HreErm.. P. RK. R. Rep., x, pt. iv, 1859, 39.—Coor. & Sucku., P. R. R. Rep., xii, pt. ii, 1860, 181.—HAyp., Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., xii, 1862, 160.—Bp., Rev. Am- Birds, i, 1865, 188.—CovEs, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 69 (Fort Tejon, Cal.).—Id., ib., 1868, 83.—CooPER, Am. Nat., iii, 1869, 33.—Id., Proc. Cal. Acad., 1870, 75.—Id., Birds Cal., 1870, 88.—StrEv., U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1870, 463.—CouEs, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 100.—ALLEN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., 1872, 175 (Colorado; Utah)—MeErriAM, U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1872, 675.—BD., Brew., & Ripe., N. A. Birds, i, 1874, 229, pl. xiii, f. 1— Yarrow & HENSHAW, Rep. Orn. Specs., 1872, Wheeler's Exped., 1874, 10.— HENSHAW, An. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., xi, 1874, 4—Jd., An. List Birds Utah, 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 41.—Jd., Rep. Orn. Spees., 1873, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 58, 75, 102.—CouEs, Birds Northwest, 1874, 58. Dendroica audubonis (sic), Bp., Ives’ Col. Exped., 1857, pt. iv, 5. During the spring and fall migrations, this warbler is found in the Mid- dle Region diffused over the country everywhere, from the pine region on the mountains to the lowest valleys. Its habits and motions are identical with those of the common Yellow-rump. Mr. Aiken has found it in Middle Colorado as early as April 16, but it probably does not become common till some time later. I saw it in small numbers about Denver May 7, and numerous on the 10th, and apparently still moving northward On visiting the mountains of Southern Colorado, I found this species was a moderately common one in the pine region from about 9,000 feet upward. By the 1st of June all were paired; and on the 8d I sawa female just begin- ning a nest in the top of a small spruce, some thirty feet from the ground. This was finished June 8, but no eggs had been laid, and I was forced to content myself with the nest alone. Outwardly it was composed of strips of bark firmly and neatly woven, and lined with fine grasses. It has an external diameter of four inches and is one inch deep. Mr. Aiken speaks of this bird as follows: ‘Common as a summer resident of Colorado, and during the migrations particularly abundant, spreading over the whole country from the stunted pines at timber line to the decidu- PASSERES—SYLVICOLIDAE—DENDROICA AUDUBONI. 195 ous trees and bushes bordering the streams of the plains. Though generally silent during the migrations, the males, when settled for the summer, are quite musical. In the latter season, we find them restricted to the mountains, usually at an altitude of from 8,000 to 10,000 feet, where, in the wilderness of pines and low aspens, they raise their young.” In Arizona, the species is probably resident, breeding at least as far south as Mount Graham. The young, just beginning to assume the plumage of the adult, were found here August 1; and farther north, in the White Mountains, young just from the nest were taken July 12. In both localities, they were quite as common as in Southern Colorado. No. | Sex. Locality. Date. Collector, Wing.| Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. oF) \geads|| Provo; Utahit2...+2.- Ninkye26;21872) err Wee Henshawsand Ion eenis eee ee salve Dr. H. C. Yarrow. 152 o Gunnison, Utah ..--.-. Sepimncsslo 721) eLlaW eu E1enshavysae pee | eee | eee | meee | cr 177 |g ad. | Panquitch, Utah.. ---. Sept 17515 72)\seee os GO RB eGE Bes act Soe eal peoeaoe| Mere eee eee 216 io Mormon Spring, Utah.} Oct. 3, 1872]...-.. CO sa. apac arom aaa neces | ssuceol soaks Weesee se 217 Aaa neces (05) sccebaccoSnce||posse Gleyiesaee| |aSeeee (le) eee ceo d6a| bee con esccee| eesees| see neee 251 Ee Iron City, Utah..--..-. Octimn6501872) Rae oe dO; Seatac ote nal scceee lease. (hae eee Aa oe 310 a Toquerville, Utah.....) Oct. 16, 1872| H. W. Henshaw and |..._..|/.....|...-..]........ Dr. H. C. Yarrow. 9) ad. Denver, Colo: ...- ---- May 7, 1873) H. W. Henshaw...... 3-17 | 2.50 | 0.43 0. 76 LOM oeradad| ee e= Gb) Sauder ae eeealsee ac Coy aeeeS ERaee do Seas e hata 4 3.08 | 2.50 | 0.47 0. 75 7) We col | oa GO cosnessne seas Ee Cy aky elas AO 1125 Saaisee ses 3.14 | 2.54 | 0.45 0. 75 SY) és CG aseecs diss cs sse cesta se May 10, 1873]-.--.. dope. stiivees 3-00 | 2.42 | 0.43 0. 72 SOs fuade||aeeeee GOP e eae |p Mayet, 18731 eeeees dos: acsiesee ae 3-03 | 2.45 | 0.42 0. 72 Be Syalich adel | Meee Osawa se aoe ee sere A Olseises a lteancens COice. «eters Sas 3.07 | 2.47 | 0.45 0. 70 Son Orads Ecce. Gl) Gaeped Sen Ses Ganbe doPeaeea| ease dojeeemaer=aeeioee 2.90 | 2.38 | 0.40 0. 74 GSiiaradsls. 22" 80) seco neron cone WES? Dey aye | oceee Oi aa See 3-16 | 2.61 | 0.45 0. 74 120) |\Olads|Rese= COScerons tos enal WER. Nye iGh elle seeee dose a% 22 ak Bert | 2x5 0NO.45 0. 71 290 |g ad.| Near FortGarland, Colo} June 6, 1873|.-.--. Glo Pes eeecienooes 3.28 | 2.54 | 0.43 0. 74 Sey lee eke Resisos Opes ee ciateiaiael [isin pits ey ee ease GOS eee oaGh anes 3.11 | 2.40 | 0.41 0, 70 664 |g ad. | Camp Apache, Ariz....] Sept. 1, 1873!...-.. Cle) ese oeicees 3.22 | 2.58 | 0.40 0. 74. 972 |Qjun.| Gila River, N. Mex...| Oct. 11, 1873] ..--. doses ete 2.82 | 2.33 | 0.40] 0.72 IG 72ANp NOms|buaee Cor setts Fos |r EIdQ se son | eee (loiter ee 3.04 | 2.40 | 0.40 0. 70 £04 | jun.) Willow Spring, Ariz...) July 12, 1874 Dr. J. T. Rothrock....|......|......|......|........ 259 |djun.| Mount Graham, Ariz ..| Aug. 1, 1874] H. W. Henshaw......|....-.|.-.-..|.-....].....--. 291 fe) Pacosay | Caloyeasaeicese Sepia KO 10 7401s Camb iaeAUk nee eerie ok | meee sc |Pespeeee| [epee |e 298 Ee baa dome ae asa == Septe) 20 eG ail hens. CO eoe oda p Scones ladeoee |sae se5| se soeel ee eerie 770 Q Mount Graham, Ariz ..|_...- domsact. 18S Wie Lents Hak; cage lececod| Heeece| Se seen| Beare aee 859 fo) TN seer dot neater anes Sepia cssstO7anle sense Cle) AOS Scsremet| eres fates cial tet ene (eae a 860 Oe geese dome Sete ess] 22 ct Glee eee| aes oteee statins] eseal Seeker allie eou 2 343 fe) Bteblo;Colofoeee. =. 26 Yel Ney SEPA (Ce doa AAS cea ts lly aes [ee een | bee a I 196 ‘* ZOOLOGY—BIRDS. DENDROICA MACULOSA (Gm.). Black-and-yellow Warbler. Motacilla maculosa, GM., Syst. Nat., 1, 1788, 984. Dendroica maculosa, BD., Birds N. A., 1858, 284.—Hayp., Trans. Am. Phil. Soe., xii, 1862, 161.—Bp., Rev. Am. Birds, i, 1865, 206.—CovuErs, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 102, f. 44.—Snow, Am. Nat., Dec., 1874, 757.—Bp., BREw., & RipG., N. A. Birds, i, 1874, 232, pl. xiv, f. 2—HENSHAW, Rep. Orn. Specs., 1873, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 58.—Coves, Birds Northwest, 1874, 62. The occurrence of this species west of the plains seems to be accidental, since I do not find it recorded from any point west of Kansas, to the fauna of which State it has recently been added by Mr. Frank H. Snow. I took a fine male in adult plumage near Denver, May 17, 1873. This was migrating in company with a flock of Audubon’s Warblers; no others were seen. 1 No. | Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. Wing.| Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. 93 |'¢ ad. | Denver, Colo-2------= May 17, 1873} H. W. Henshaw...... 2.40 | 2.15 | 0.45 | 0, 66 DENDROICA CAERULEA (Wils.). Czrulean Warbicr. Sylvia caerulea, WiLs., Am. Orn., ii, 1810, 141, pl. xvii, f. 5. Sylvia bifasciata, SAY, Long’s Exp. Rocky Mountains, 1823, 170. Sylvicola cerulea, Woopu., Sitgreave’s Exp. Zuni & Col. Riv., 1854, 70 (Texas, com- mon; Indian Territory, breeding). Dendreca caerulea, Bd., Birds N. A., 1858, 280.—Id., Rev. Am. Birds, i, 1865, 191.— Cours, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 99.—ALLEN, Bul. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 1872, 175 (Eastern Kansas).—Snow, Birds Kan., 1872, 7—Bp., BREw., & R1pG., N. A. Birds, i, 1874, 236, pl. xiii, f. 10—HENSHAW, Rep. Orn. Spees., 1573, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 58.—Covgrs, Birds Northwest, 1874, 56. A small warbler seen May 17 was unquestionably of this species. Its small size and bright blue color made it conspicuous among a flock of Audu- bon’s Warblers as they passed rapidly from tree to tree, but, my attention being diverted for a moment, I lost sight of it, nor was it again seen. Not hitherto detected west of the plains. ‘‘Apparently common at Leavenworth, Kansas” (Allen). PASSERES—SYLVICOLIDAE—DENDROICA GRACIAE, 197 DENDROICA GRACIAE, Coues. Gracie’s Warbler. Dendroica gracie, CouES, MSS.—Bp., Rev. Am. Birds, i, 1865, 210.—Covrs, Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 67 (Fort Whipple, Ariz.)—Cours, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 103.—Bp., Brew., & Ripa., N. A. Birds, i, 1874, 243, pl. xiv, f. 10. It is remarkable that, with the exception of a single specimen taken at Inscription Rock, N. Mex., during the two seasons spent in Arizona and New Mexico, this species should have been detected in but one locality, viz, in the White Mountains, near Camp Apache, Ariz. Both seasons it was found in the pine woods of the mountains, and apparently was one of the commonest warblers that spend the summer here. I have little doubt but that, as suggested by Dr. Coues, its range in summer embraces the high pine tracts throughout Arizona and New Mexico. By July 10, the young, just from the nest, were seen, and the old birds, in worn plumage, were busied con- stantly in providing for the wants of their progeny. The coniferous trees seemed to be alone frequented by them, and, in the tops of these, they kept running swiftly over the smaller branches at the extremities of the limbs, pursuing their prey on the wing. By the middle of August, they had united in flocks, and, with other small insectivorous birds, appeared to be lingering in the region preparatory to the southward migration. Their preference for the pines was apparent, though occasionally found among the oaks. Iris black; bill and feet brown; soles light yellow. No. | Sex. Locality. Date, Collector. Wing.| Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. 485 |Q ad.| Inscription Rock, N. | July 24, 1873| H.W. Henshaw...--- 2.53 | 2.10 | 0.45 0, 68 Mex. 534 |¢ ad. | White Mountains, Ariz.| Aug. 8, 1873 |...... dO Ree eeteee 2.63 | 2.26 | 0.40 0. 72 Bae Oyun seen GW ncognasoueuse Aug. 9, 1873].-.--. Gb ee cand Sanees 2.50 | 2.27 | 0.40 0, 60 567 | Oyjun.||2<-==. GO). scseson,annces Uap 73) eee domecere S500b0s 2.55 | 2.16 | 0.38 0. 60 520 |g ad. | Camp Apache, Ariz....| Aug. 21, 1873 |..--.. dowiaern creeps s 2.67 | 2.24 | 0. 42 0. 63 Gora! ajunel leas dO yase rays cierice Septum sy lo7su esse == dol ceesas.- ssi 2.63 | 2.30 | 0.40 0. 64 747 |Q ad. | South of Camp Apache, |..-- - GB) oconas|losdace COSSERSSPRAASee 2.60 | 2.15 | 0.39 0. 60 Ariz. 61 | fjun.*) NearCamp Apache, Ariz] July 11, 1874|...... (i arsaaseesaces 2.53 | 2.00 | 0.32 0. 60 81 |Q ad.t/------ Gls) Senosdououone July) 125,1874)|5-< 2. - GO aa eeare 2.42 | 2.14 | 0.38 0. 70 TOK" |g; adst|----- = Glo) gases Sodecd NSeee lovee pein dos. sae5-6 sea (Pe 2827 Ona 0, 66 TZ2Qulih ad tine see d0\- 22 Sssscccsc: july es serS 74 eee GUTE capes cer 2.50 | 1.75 | 0.42 0. 63 130 |Q ad.t..--.. C10) Soscnde ase laaeoe Gicneeso|seosce don sae feea ee: ZEON eeeteee 0. 40 0. 63 Peat ley BGI eas ssc Ge cood sesame eal seeee dO). eserilleesik el Sosa 2.60 | 2.22 | 0.43 0. 61 TSG) Guy tnted | eae = COs canetensoss|lssnoe dopacans||pese dolseas=stese ee 2.64 | 2.32 | 0.40 0. 65 * Nesting-plumage, + Worn breeding-plumage. 198 ZOOLOGY—BIRDS. DENDROICA STRIATA (Forst.) Black-poll Warbler. Muscicapa striata, FORSTER, Phil. Trans., 1xii, 1772, 383, 428, Sylvicola striata, WooDH., Sitgreave’s Exp. Zuni & Col. Riv., 1854, 70. Dendreca striata, BAIRD, Birds N. A., 1858, 280.—HeENRy, Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 106 (New Mexico).—HaAyp., Trans. Am. Phil. Soe., xii, 1862, 161.—Bp., Rev. Am. Birds, i, 1865, 192.—Snow. Am. Nat., Dec., 1874, 757.—CouEs, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 100, f. 42; pl. 2, f. 15, 16—Bp., Brew., & Ring., N. A. Birds, i, 1874, 248, pl. xiii, f. 9.—Hensuaw, Rep. Orn. Specs., 1873, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 59.—CouEs, Birds Northwest, 1574, 60. In its journey northward in spring to its summer home the greater number of Black-poll Warblers choose an eastern route, and throughout the Eastern Province it is one of the most abundant of the transitory visit- ants, passing through in an almost continuous stream from the 20th of May till the 1st of June. It has recently been ascertained to occur in Kansas by Mr. F. H. Snow, as quoted above. Near Denver, in 1873, it made its appearance a few days earlier than it is wont to do in New England, and by May 17 both sexes were abundant, and passing rapidly onward. This is, I believe, the most western locality at which the species has been recorded. No. | Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. | Wing, Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. — = 1 _ ‘zl | 120 ° ad. | Denver, Colo .........| May 17, 1873 | H. W. Henshaw...... 2.83 | 2.22 | 0.42 0. 73 DENDROICA NIGRESCENS (Towns.). Black-throated Gray Warbler. Sylvia nigrescens, TOWNS., Jour. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., vii, il, 1837, 191 (Columbia River). Dendroica nigrescens, BD., Ives’ Col. Exped., 1857, pt. iv, 5.—Zd., Birds N, A., 18538, 270.—HrERM., P. R. R. Rep., x, pt. iv, 1859, 40.—Xanrus, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 191 (Fort Tejon, Cal.).—HrEnry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 106 (New Mexico).—Counrs, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 69 (Fort Whipple) —Coop. & Suck.., P. R. KR. Rep., xii, pt. 1, 1860, 179.—LBp., Rey. Am. Birds, i, 1865, 186.—Coorrr, Birds Cal., 1870, 91.— PASSERES—SYLVICOLIDAE—DENDROICA NIGRESCENS. USS, CouEs, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 98.—A1kEN, Proe. Bost. Soe. Nat. Hist., 1872, 197.—Bp., Brew., & Ripa., N. A. Birds, i, 1874, 258, pl. xii, f. 8— HENSHAW, An. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., xi, 1874, 4.—Jd., An. List Birds Utah, 1872, Wheeler's Ixped., 1874, 42.—I/d., Rep. Orn. Spees., 1873, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 75, 103.—CouEs, Birds Northwest, 1874, 55. At Fort Garland, Col., a warbler was seen June 25 in a grove of pine trees on the sides of a narrow canon, which I am quite confident was of g, which it con- stantly emitted at short intervals as it flew from tree to tree. Owing to its shyness, I did not succeed in capturing it. The dry foot hills in the vicinity of Santa Fé, N. M., covered with a growth of pifons and cedars, were frequented by these birds in June. I saw no females ; but the males were in very much worn plumage, and had all the appearance of breeding. The nests, however, I did not succeed in finding. In the fall migrations, their numbers increase, and they are then found quite abundantly in Arizona, frequenting usually the pines, more rarely the oaks and other deciduous trees. The following remarks Mr. Aiken furnishes from notes in Colorado : this species. It had a short, feeble, but rather pleasing, son “Rather a rare migrant in Colorado ; a few probably remaining to breed. I have never seen it anywhere but on the mesas and foot hills that are cov- ered with the low scragey pinon pine. In the spring time, it first makes its appearance about the first of May; two or three males usually being together then, and the females coming several days later. The male, as he searches for insects on leaf and limb, repeats at intervals a singular, but withal a very pretty, song, with something of the metallic ring in it that is heard in the song of the White-throated Wren. Shy and retiring in its habits, and frequenting pinon groves so dense that one can scarcely see a dozen yards ahead, this ornate little sylph is very easily overlooked, and it often requires considerable perseverance to secure a specimen, even after it has been discovered. I have followed one through the thicket for half an hour, while, like an agnis fatuus, it led me on, fluttering occasionally into sight for an instant, and a moment later uttering its song perhaps twenty rods away.” 200 ZOOLOGY—BIRDS. No. | Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. Wing.) Tail. | Bill. tarsus. | ae | = a 52 \d ad. | Camp Apache, Ariz ...| Aug. 12, 1873 | H. W. Henshaw....-. 2.50 | 2.17 | 0. 38 0. 67 566 | fjun. | White Mountains, Ariz.|..-.-do ....-. jpacoce do Aeamease eee 2.45 | 2.25 | 0.40 0. 64 578 |g ad. | Camp Apache, Ariz....| Aug. 21, 1873 |------ GClercs Easconto: 2.50 | 2.17 | 0.40 0. 69 601 | Qjun.|...--- (6 (Rei = ea Avigns23501579)|-e sees do Beicastas= ol] Zeyh 2. 00) kKOLd0 0. 65 7O1 id ada)|ee=——r Cel oe Se sense sce Sept) 5;.1573)|a-<=<- Gy S524 S525 se0 = 2.35 | 2.17 | 0.38 | © 69 I \d ad. | Santa Fé, N. Mex ....| Aug. 10; 1874) |25--= Gest pee 2.50 | 2.20 | 0.40) 0. 60 418 |Qjun.| Bowie Agency, Ariz...|.--.- donee. s\easeor CO feawae wan aces || 240uer TO O5g0 0. 69 431 [ition | maesne do See eee nees Aug. 17, 1874 |.----- G0) cane een tee 2.40 | 2.25 | 0. 38 0. 65 496 |g ad. | Camp Crittenden, Ariz.| Aug. 25, 1874 |------ Gl OB = = NSS 55 2.54 | 2.20 | 0.40 0. 72 505 | djun. arr aly Seek 5 Ae Aug. 26, 1874 |..---- Gta ao ean none 2.45 | 2.12 | 0.37 0. 67 550 |¢ ads loons CCE aoe Seca Isace= doee===- J----- 40) 2525 ssoescoe 2.60 | 2.20 | 0.40 0. 66 DENDROICA TOWNSENDLI (Nutt.). Townsend’s Warbler. Sylvia townsendi, Towns., Jour, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vii, ii, 1837, 191. Dendroica townsendii, Bp., Birds N. A., 1858, 269.—Coor. & Suckt., P. R. R. Rep., xii, pt. ii, 1860, 179.—Bp., Rev. Am. Birds, i, 1865, 185.—CoopEr, Birds Cal., i, 1870, 91.—Cougs, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 98.—BD.,.BREW., & Ripa., N. A. Birds, i, 1574, 265, pl. xii, f. 7. At Mount Graham, Ariz.,in September, this warbler was found in con- siderable numbers, though the few taken were procured with no little difficulty, for they almost invariably were seen in the tops of the tallest trees, where a glimpse might now and then be had of them as they dashed out after flying insects, or flew from tree to tree in their always onward migratory course. The tracts of pine woods they shunned entirely, but affected the firs and spruces, and their flights from point to point were regulated and made longer or shorter by the presence or absence of these trees. Their movements were exceedingly rapid; a moment spent in passing in and out the interlacing branches, a few hurried sweeps at their extremities, and they were off to the next adjoining tree to repeat the process again and again till lost sight of in the dense woods. Their only note was the common fsip. I obtained no evidence of their breeding in Arizona, though from their habits there seems to exist no reason why these mountain forests should not furnish a congenial summer home. Mr. Aiken obtained two specimens in Colorado, thus including that Territory in the range of the species. PASSERES—SYLVICOLIDAE—DENDROICA OCCIDENTALIS. 201 Locality. Date Collector. Wing.| Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. @onejos; Colon =~ 4. =- Aug. 26, 1874 | C. E. Aiken .......... 2.58 | 2.12 | 0.40 0. 68 Mouth of Navajo Creek, | Sept. 11, 1874 |.----- Gln 59 aepodeses 2.52 | 2.12 | 0.38 0. 67 Colo. Mount Graham, Ariz ..| Sept. 24, 1874 | H. W. Henshaw...--. 2.55 | 2.30 | 0.40 0. 72 ol secioc Glie Sthn Seep ocsdllnocce, Cl sacisch laqaeoekt Wiasaaec Isao sane) etek eB dal |e? Co) 0. 73 aceece G0) Sens Soca esec| Seaess 2h) 7 peeodsC Opsoe ee 254-7)|/ 2.08) || 05.37 0. 72 spose Ones reseeieees | Septs 255) 1074) | mrsiae dO ===] 23,03) || 2,08, | 0.30 0. 69 pete Ole sas -eesnyeoes | SOepiee 20; 19745| ean= = do Seeelle2e Oia | 12-1051 /10s;39 0. 70 DENDROICA OCCIDENTALIS (Towns.). Western Warbler. Sylvia occidentalis, Towns., Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vii, ii, 1837, 190 (Columbia River). Dendroica occidentalis, BD., Birds N. A., 1858, 268.—Coor. & Suck.., P. R. KR. Rep., xii, pt. ii, 1860, 178.—Bp., Rev. Am. Birds, i, 1865, 183.—CouEs, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 69 (Fort Whipple)—CooPeEr, Birds Cal., i, 1872, 92.—CouEs, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 97.—Bp., Brew., & Ripe., N. A, Birds, i, 1874, 266, pl. xii, f. 5. The Western Warbler was met with at the same time and place, and under precisely the same conditions, as the last species, and at this season the habits of the two are so alike that at the distance at which they were usually seen it was impossible to distinguish them with anything like cer- tainty. Indeed, the two species associated together, and were found in the same trees. No. | Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. Wing.| Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. 541 |Qjun.| Near Camp Crittenden, | Aug. 30, 1874 | H. W. Henshaw -.--..-| 2.46 | 2.10 | 0.38 0. 65 Ariz. 36 |Qjun. |..---. dOze see teenie Sept. —, 1874 ]..---- dosieebe ee ncass 2.65 | 2.07 | 0.35 0. 72 779 |9 ad. | Mount Graham, Ariz..| Sept. 21, 1874|.----- (ey noseco nsoace 2.40 | 2.10 | 0.38 0, 67 Wf} Ons lesosee Gj nacecocseocd assn atélo) pSnden||sasoed do 2eAGe | 25 D7 |O239 0. 66 WSN fr aden. =. (lo) 5 S655 Sa0e nan Sept. 22, 1874]|.----- Ghos8 Boar SEISpem as 2.75 | 2.27 | 0.45 0. 75 838 | Qjun. |.----- Olas) scecstsse secs Oe eee seats Gils asco dasonacs 2.50 | 2.10 | 0.41 0. 70 “General aspect of Dendroica. PEUCEDRAMUS, Coues, nov. gen. Tyre.—Sylvia olivacea, Giraud. Tongue much as in that genus, but larger, with revolute edges, cleft tip, and laciniate for some distance from the end; wings elon- gated, half as long again asthe tail (in Dendroica but little longer than the tail), reach- 202 ZOOLOGY—BIRDS. ing, when folded, nearly to the end of the tail; tail emarginate ; tarsus no longer than the middle toe and claw. Hallux little if any longer than its claw ; bill little shorter than tarsus (averaging little over half the tarsus in Dendroica), attenuate, notably depressed, yet very little widened at base; culmen rather concave than convex in most of its length, the under outline almost perfectly straight from extreme base to tip; nasal fosse very large, with a highly developed nasal scale; rictal vibrissw few aud short; plumage without streaks. “The form of the bill is quite peculiar, lacking entirely the parive aspect of that of Dendroica ; it somewhat resembles that of Seiurus. The relationships of P. olivacea appear to be with the Jamaican Sylvicola eoa of Gosse. In habits, it somewhat resembles the Certhiid@”.—(Cours, MSS). While in the field, my attention being attracted to certain peculiarities of this bird, both structural and as shown in its habits, as compared with the genus Den- droica, which seemed to amount to generic distinctions, | called the attention of my friend Dr. Elliott Coues to these, and, as a result of his examination of the specimens, he has erected the genus as above given. PEUCEDRAMUS OLIVACEUS (Giraud). Olive-headed Warbler. Sylvia olivacea, GiRAUD, Birds Texas, 1841, 14, pl. vii, f. 2.—Sciar., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1555, 66. Sylvicola olivacea, CASSIN, Ill. Birds Texas, 1855, 283, pl. xIviil. Dendroica olivacea, ScuaT., Proce. Zodl. Soc., 1852, 298 (Oaxaca; cold region).—Zd., Proce. Zobl. Soe., 1859, 363 (Jalapa).—Id., Cat., 1861, 51, No. 190.—Bp., Rev. Am. Birds, i, 1865, 205.—Bp., Brew., & Ripa., N. A. Birds, i, 1874, 255.— HeNsHaAw, Am. Sportsman, v, Feb. 20, 1875, 328 (introduced into United States fauna). Rhimamphus olivaceus, SCLAY., Proc. Zod). Soe., 1856, 291 (Cordova). Sylvia teniata, DuBUS., Bul. Acad. Brux., xiv, 1847, 104.—Jd., Rev. Zool., 1848, 245. Sylvicola taniata, BON., Consp., 1850, 309. HAB.—Both coasts of Mexico south into Guatemala, Arizona. This species was given by Mr. Giraud as a bird of Texas; but the quotation has been disregarded by authors under the assumption that the locality of his specimens was, through mistake, erroneously given. It would appear, however, that its occurrence in Texas is rendered by no means improbable, since the capture of several specimens by our party during the past season in the mountains of Southern Arizona. During a three days’ visit to Mount Graham, August 1 to 4, the species was not detected; though this can hardly be considered as negativing the probability of its occurrence here as a summer resident, since in so short a period the time was far too ’ | limited to examine, even cursorily, a region abounding at this season in PASSERES—SYLVICOLIDAE—PEUCEDRAMUS OLIVACEUS. 203 bird life, including many species of peculiar interest, especially when the rough nature of the country and the density of the pine woods is considered. Returning here September 19, many of the species found in August in abundance had migrated south, and were either entirely wanting or repre- sented by individuals from farther north, while the woods, the silence of which was often unbroken for long intervals by the note of a single bird, would now and then, as if by magic, be filled with hundreds of feathered migrants, who in noisy companies were proceeding on their way south. The day after establishing our camp here, Mr. Rutter, of the party, brought in a fine specimen of this warbler, which he stated he had shot from among a flock of Aububon’s Warblers and Snowbirds, which he had started from the ground while walking in the pine woods. . With the rest, it had appar- ently been feeding upon the ground, and had flown up to a low branch of a pine, where it sat and began to give forth a very beautiful song, which he described as consisting of detached, melodious, whistling notes. During the next .few days, I confined my collecting trips to the spruce woods, and though I watched eagerly for this to me strange warbler, I did not see it till the last day of my stay in the locality, when I heard a few strange Vireo-like notes coming from some thick pines, and, hurrying to the spot, soon had the satisfaction of seeing one of these warblers on the low limbs of a huge pine, where it was moving quickly over the large branches, its manner and whole appearance reminding me instantly of the Pine Creeper (Dendroica pints). A few moments later, a second specimen was shot from the top of a tall pine, where it was actively creeping about. Asall the warblers present here at this time were migrants, we may reasonably infer that, with the others, this species was en route from some locality to the north, and ‘ perhaps it may be found to be a rare inhabitant of the high pine region throughout Arizona and New Mexico. No; || Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. Wing.) Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. | | 745 |¢ ad. | Mount Graham, Ariz ..| Sept. 19, 1874 | J. M. Rutter ......-.- 3.00 | 2.30 | 0,52 0. 72 Tol em bariSaxtlors dacoar samen Sept. 25, 1374 | H. W. Henshaw..--.. 3.00 | 2.37 | 0.48 0. 70 Waso4al|isadenl ees er dO matte cee cecoccn dOisecace Reeser OO ee secon, oa eiae 3.00 | 2.28 | 0.44 0. 73 204 ZOOLOGY—BIRDS. SEIURUS NOVEBORACENSIS (Gm.). Small-billed Water Thrush, Motacilla noveboracensis, GM., Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 958. Seiurus noveboracensis, BD., Birds N. A., 1858, 261.—HaAyp., Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., 12, 1862, 160.—CoorER, Am. Nat., iii, 1862, 32.—Bp., Rev. Am. Birds, i, 1865, 215.—Covurs, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 106, pl. 2, f. 9, 10, 11.—Snow, Birds Kan., 1872, 7.—Bb., BrEw., RinG., N. A. Birds, i, 1874, 283, pl. xiv, f. 12.— HensHaw, Rep. Orn. Spees., 1873, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 59.—Cougs, Birds Northwest, 1574, 71. Seiurus? noveboracensis, ALLEN, Proce. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., June, 1874, 22. The Water Thrush appears to be of rare occurrence in the Middle Province, though it doubtless passes through in its migrations, and occurs at many points where it has not been reported from the lack of observers and the short time its passage occupies. At Denver, I secured a single indi- vidual May 12, and in a few days small numbers were observed, usually singly, by the side of pools and streams. Near Camp Crittenden, the latter part of August, one was found on a small water course; this being the only occasion I have detected it in Arizona, nor am I aware that it is elsewhere recorded from this Territory. | No. | Sex. | Locality. Date. Collector, jas Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. | 53 E ad. | Denver, Golo..s-.<.-: May 12, 1873 | H. W. Henshaw...... | 3.04 | — - 2.25 | 0.55 0. 81 GEOTHLYPIS TRICHAS (L.). Maryland Yellowthroat. Turdus trichas, LINN., Syst. Nat. 1766, 295. Geothlypis trichas, Bp., U. S. & Mex. Bound. Survy.,, ii, pt. ii, 1859, Birds, 10.—Id., Birds - N. A., 1858, 241.—Xanrus. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 191 (Fort Tejon, Cal.) HENRY, Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 106 (New Mexico).— Coor. & Sucku., P. R. R. Rep., xii, pt. ii, 1860, 177.—HayD., Trans. Am. Phil. Soe., xii, 1862, 160.—Bp., Rev. Am. Birds, i, 1865, 220.—CovuEs, Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 69 (Fort Whipple, Ariz.).—Coorrr, Birds Cal, 1870, 95.—Svrev., U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1870, 463.—Cours, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 107, f. 47.—ALLEN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 1872, 175 (Eastern Kansas; Ogden, Utah).—Snow, Birds Kan., 1872, 7.—AIKEN, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1872, 197 (Black Hills)—Merrr1AM, U. 8S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1872, 674 (Ogden; Madison River, Fort Ellis, Mont.).—Bp., PASSERES—SYLVICOLIDAE—GEOTHLYPIS MACGILLIVRAYI, 205 ao Brew., & Ripe., N. A. Birds, i, 1874, 297, pl. xv, f. 4 Yarrow & HENSHAW, Rep. Orn. Spees., 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 10.—HENsSuAW, An. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y.,.xi, 1874, 4.—Jd., An. List Birds Utah, 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 42.—Id., Rep. Orn. Specs., 1873, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 59, 103.— ALLEN, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., June, 1874, 15, 22—Cougs, Birds Northwest, 1874, 74. Trichas marylandicus, Woovu., Sitgreave’s Exp. Zui & Col. Riv., 1854, 71. Trichas delafieldii, HEERM., P. R. RK. Rep., x, pt. iv, 1859, 40. This species has been found by our parties in various parts of Utah and Colorado, although it appears to be not so common as at the East. The thickets by the water courses and the damp meadowy grounds of the lowlands are its places of resort. In Arizona, it appears to be rare; and I have met with it but twice, at Camp Apache, and again at Camp Grant. It is a summer resident. No. | Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. Wing.| Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. | 129 ad.| Denver, Colo......... May 7, 1873| H. W. Henshaw...... 2.12 | 2.13 045 | 0. 71 GEOTHLYPIS MACGILLIVRAYI, Baird. MacGillivray’s Warbler. Sylvia macgillivrayi, AUD., Orn. Biog., v, 1839, 75, pl. ecexcix. Geothlypis macgillivrayi, Bp., U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. ii, 1859, Birds, 10.—Id., Birds N. A., 1858, 244, pl. 99, f. 4.—XANTUS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 191 (Fort Tejon, Cal.)— HENRY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 106 (New Mexico).—Coor. & SucKL., P. R. R. Rep., xii, pt. ii, 1860, 177.—Bp., Rev. Am. Birdsyi, 1865, 227-— Cours, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 70 (Fort Whipple, Ariz.).— CoopER, Am. Nat., iii, 1869, 32—Td., Proe. Cal. Acad., 1870, 75 (Colorado River).—Zd., Birds Cal., i, 1870, 96—Cours, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 107.— ALLEN, Bul. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 1872, 175 (Eastern Kansas; Colorado).— AIKEN, Proc. Bost. Soe. Nat. Hist., 1872, 197.—RipG., Am. Jour., Dee., 1872, 459.—Yarrow & HENSHAW, Rep. Orn. Spees., 1872, Wheel- er’s Exped., 1874, 10.— HENSHAW, An. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., xi, 1874, 4.—Td., An. List Birds Utah, 1872, Wheeler's Exped., 1874, 42,.—Id., Rep. Orn. Spees., 1873, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 59, 75, 103.—BD., BREw., & Ripa., N. A. Birds, i, 1874, 303, pl. xv, f. 4,5.—ALLEN, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., June, 1874, 22.—CouEs, Birds Northwest, 1874, 75. Trichas tolnici, HEERM., P, R. R. Rep., x, pt. iv, 1859, 40. The MacGillivray’s Warbler is one of the most characteristic of the family throughout the Middle Region, and has been detected by the 206 ZOOLOGY—BIRDS. various parties of the Expedition at many different points in Utah, Colo- rado, New Mexico, and Arizona. Any patch of shrubbery or tangled growth of bushes is sure to be selected as the summer abode of one or more pairs of these birds. From such localities in the low valleys, they follow the streams upward as they flow from the mountains; and, up to an altitude of about 9,000 feet, the species is common. Its song, though short, is sweet and pleasing, and in early summer is repeated at very brief intervals, as the birds pause now and then in their industrious search under fallen logs and among the dead leaves for insects. During the migration, a general diffusion of their numbers takes place, and, below the height above mentioned, they may be met with almost anywhere except on perfectly open ground. | | | No. | Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. | Wing.| Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. | | | | 80 |¢ ad. | Denver, Colo........-. May 14, 1873 | H. W. Henshaw...... 2.47 | 2.34 | 0.47 0.77 , 17 Padi ie- tse. (ile) Jaeeee eS S eee May 17, 1873)| sce eer a acger 2°43 | 2.30 | 0.46 o. 2 122 |g ado }-<22 <. dale ses ao ss | May 18, 1873) ease doen seasee. 2.48 | 2.38 | 0.45 0. 82 130 |Q ad. | Fort Garland, Colo....] May 25, 1873 |.----- dovesceeeoe= ser] 2. 38 | 2.47 | 0.45 0. 80 160))| #ads|--- = Ce Se Ae May 28, 1873 |.----- dO ses cc5em accel 2.57 | 2.45 | 0.42 0.81 555 9 White Mountains, Ariz | Aug. 11, 1873 |.----. dono econ eae es 2.25 | 2.37 | 0.43 o. 78 550. |g jule | <== oe eee Pek a at ree aea leeceac bye see ee | 2.20 | 2.36] 0.42] 0.98 661 | Q | Camp Apache, Ariz....] Sept. 1, 1873 |.----- Gs spore aseene 2.18 | 2.30 | 0.44 0. 76 | 663 Jia) Bee dows 5 eae oe domes: =: |--ae doscsveeeecere 2.29 | 3.30] 0.45 | 0.80 | 123 ia Camp Bowie, Ariz.....| Oct. 7, 1873 | Dr. C. G. Newberry ..| 2.28 | 2.14 | 0. 42 0. 75 ACTERIA VIRENS (L.), var. LONGICAUDA, Lawr. Long-tailed Chat. Icteria longicauda, LAwR., An. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vi, April, 1853, 4.—Bp., U. 8. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. ii, 1854, Birds, 10.—NEwB., P. R. R. Rep., vi, 1857, 81, pl. xxxiv.—Bp., Birds N. A., 1858, 249, pl. 34, f. 2—HrrErRmM., P. R. R. Rep., x, pt. iv, 1859, 55.—X anus, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 191 (Fort Tejon, Cal.).— HENRY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 106 (New Mexico).—Hayp., Trans. Am. Phil. Soce., xii, 1862, 160.—Bp., Rev. Am. Birds, i, 1865, 230.—CourEs, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 71 (Fort Whipple, Ariz.).—IJd., Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, 83.—CooPER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1870, 75.—Id., Birds Cal., 1870, 98.— AITKEN, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1872, 197 (Colorado).—MERRIAM, U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1872, 674. Icteria virens var. longicauda, CouES, Key N. A. Birds, 18 PASSERES—SYLVICOLIDAE—MYIODIOCTES PUSILLUS. 12, 207 108.—Bp., Brew., & hipe., N. A. Birds, i, 1874, 309.—Yarrow & HENSHAW, Rep. Orn. Spees., 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 10.—H&rNsHAw, An. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., xi, 1874, 4.—Td., An. List Birds Utah, 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 42.— Id., Rep. Orn. Spees., 1873, Wheeler’s Exped., i874, 103.—CouEs, U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1874, 77.—ALLEN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 1872, 175 (astern Middle Kansas; Colorado; Utah).—Covuers, Birds Northwest, 1874, 77. In Utah, this species is quite a common one; being found especially numerous in the thickets about Provo. In Southern Colorado, I saw but few, and these only in the lower regions, and I have never seen it ata higher elevation than 8,000 feet. In both Arizona and New Mexico, the species has been met with at many and widely distant localities, so that its distribution appears to be general. Little can be said of its habits in the West which is not characteristic of the bird in the East; and there appears also to be a perfect correspondence in its manner of nesting. No. | Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. Wing.} Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. 20790 'ads | Provo; Utahns. sees aul 2i7ael 72h |e Vee ehenshavw randall sees |e ae oa ee see |e eee Dr. H. C. Yarrow. 146 | Qjun. |.-.--. Clo noe APE (Seas dose seas act. CS aE Sea SOe Snncee) Seceae Gece eset 523 |g jun.} Camp Apache, Ariz....| Aug. 5, 1873 H. W. Henshaw....-. 2.93 | 3.38 | 0.55 0.97 49 |g ad. | Bowie Agency, Ariz-..| July 2, 1874]...... doje. ese cess 3-05 | 3.30 | 0.60 1,00 131 |g ad. | Camp Apache, Ariz -..| July 14, 1874]|....-. doOee econ cosas 3.28 | 3.62 | 0.55 I. 03 g) |g" -ad. ||) Pueblo; (Colo)-.-2--..2 =. July 24, 1874] C. IE. Aiken.......- 3-14 | 3.38 | 0.58 0. 98 AS VAG a Katt OP ao aetomcioe 5 = julys 27, 1874)|\..-.-- OWS ce ete ene ee Se ZO e847) OF50 1.05 AAS Oita dan Pe ainsi Ores cy ot wishes | oce.cy dovecemen| pacar. Gly seco anoea coc) soc Ia] ais! I, 02 213 |g ad. | Camp Grant, Ariz..-.. July 28, 1874] H. W. Henshaw...... 3.00 | 3.30 | 0.60 0. 97 214 |Qjun. }..---. (G0) Bem io aaeaet lacie (6 fo) ese al | es Olen aes on all herie sel seal oe wes ecmmexe 566 | gjun. | Camp Crittenden, Ariz.| Sept. 1, 1874|...--. (Ge eS ae Once cers pssces || ssensal saeosel bespasne es Muscicapa pusilla, W1LS., Am. Orn., iii, 1811, 103, pl. xxvi, f. 4. MYIODIOCTES PUSILLUS (Wils.). Green Bilack-capped Flycatcher. Sylvania wilsonti, Woonm., Sitgreave’s Exp. Zuni & Col. Riv., 1854, 69. Myiodioctes pusillus, Bp., U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv. Terr., ii, pt. ii, 1859, Birds, 10.— Bp., Birds N. A., 1558, 293.—XAnvus, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 191 (Fort Tejon, Cal.)—H&rErm., P. R. R. Rep., x, pt. iv, 1859, 39.—Coopr. & Sucku., P. R. R. Rep., xii, pt. ii, 1860, 182—Bp., Rev. Am. Birds, i, 1805, 241.—Couks, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 71 (Fort Whipple, Ariz.).— Td., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, 83.—CooPEr, Proe. Cal. Acad., 1870, 208 ZOOLOGY—BIRDS. 75.—Id., Birds Cal., 1870, 101.—Srev., U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1870, 464.—COUES, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 109, f. 50.—SNnow, Birds Kan., 1872, 8.—AIKEN, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1872, 197.—Bp., Brew., & RinG., N. A. Birds, i, 1874, 317, pl. xvi, f. 54.—Yarrow & HEensnAw, Rep. Orn. Spees., 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 11.—HeNnsHAw, An. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., xi, 1874, 4.—Jd., An. List Birds Utah, 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 42.—Id., Rep. Orn. Spees., 1873, Wheelers Exped., 1874, 59, 75, 103.— CovugEs, Birds Northwest, 1874, 79. Wilsonia pusilla, ALLEN, Bul. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 1872, 175. Stated by Mr. Allen to be a common inhabitant of the Colorado Mount- ains, breeding from about 8,000 feet up to about timber line. Said also by Dr. Coues to be a common summer resident in the mountainous districts of Arizona from May till September. The species has never been met with by our parties other than as a spring or fall migrant, as which it is ex- ceedingly abundant, and seemingly pursues its way north or south without reference to locality, being found from the mountain tops to the lowest valleys. That some remain in Arizona to breed, retiring for this purpose to the summits of the high mountain ranges, seems quite probable; for I have met with individuals early in August which could hardly at this date have made their way from very far north, while, by the middle of this month, the species abounds everywhere, being much more widely diffused and in greater numbers than it ever is in the Kast. | No. | Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. Wing.| Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. : = | ) 8r*|9' ad.’ Denver; (Colo: 22. - -< May 14, 1873} H. W. Henshaw...... 2.21 | 2.14 | 0.40 0. 70 | 161 9 ad. } Fort Garland, Colo....| May 28, 1873].----. GlNIRRC aeacbase 2.17 | 2.18 | 0.40 0. 65 162 g ad sence 6 Ee Ror areten domes |=ee sa alo Peete Mem me aol 2,12) 2.19 |003 0. 68 | 163 | ads ijooaes domes see ee sl eeee a fil) <5 sS5e| [5s ses dO anon eens 2.25 | 2.07 | 0.38 0, 68 44 |g ad. | South Park, Colo ..... June 24, 1873] Dr. J. T. Rothrock....| 2.23 | 2.17 | 0.39 0. 73 | 671 | jun. Camp Apache, Ariz....| Sept. ‘t, 1873 | H. W. Henshaw....-. 2.20 | 2.15 | 0.38 0. 73 | 693 |Qjun.|...-.- dav. sadest senses Sept .33873)|ee sees dosent ein | 2.16] 2.16] 0.40] 0.65 | 757 |Qjun.| Thirty miles south of |..... Cols ae: M. N. Maguet........ 2.13 | 2.05 | 0.37] 0.67 Camp Apache, Ariz. | 115 |g ad.| Camp Bowie, Ariz ....; Oct. 6, 1873] Dr. C. G. Newberry ..| 2.17 | 2.15 | 0.35 0. 66 519 | g Camp Crittenden, Ariz.| Aug. 28, 1874 | H. W. Henshaw......|..-...|....-- Ee SAH eee cc) ade Ree se SO Aug. 30; 1874)| Jo M. Ruitters¢.2. 72.2 |ta-<-|- eee sehen |e eee 569 | Soe tbs beers ite nee ono Sept. 15.1874.) 31. Ws: Henshaw.--.--|toeees seen. |peseel eeecece a PASSERES—SYLVICOLIDAE—SETOPHAGA RUTICILLA. 209 SETOPHAGA RUTICILLA (L.). Redstart. Motacilla ruticilla, LINN., Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1758, 186 (CATESBY, Car., tab, 67). Netophaga ruticilla, WoopH., Sitgreave’s Exp. Zuni & Col. Riv., 1854, 75.—Barrp, Birds N. A., 1858, 297.—Hayp., Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., ii, 1862, 161.— Bp., Rey. Am. Birds, i, 1865, 256.—CoopEer, Am. Nat., Aug., 1869, 83 (Fort Union, N. M.; breeding; obtained 8 nests)—Srrv., U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1870, 463.—Couns, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 110.—ALLEN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., 1872, 175 (Kastern Kansas; Colorado; Utah).—Snow, Birds Kan., 1872, 8.—BD., BREw., & RipG@., N. A. Birds, i, 1874, 322, pl. xvi, f. 5.— Yarrow & HENSHAW, Rep. Orn. Specs., 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 11.— HeEnsHAw, An. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., xi, 1874, 4—Jd., An. List Birds Utah, 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 42.—/d., Rep. Orn. Spees., 1873, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 75.—ALLEN, Proce. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., June, 1874, 15, 23.— CovuEs, Birds Northwest, 1874, 81. In Utah, the Redstart appears to be of rather frequent occurrence in the wooded section of the lowlands, especially in the alder thickets, along many of the streams. I did not see it at Denver nor in the vicinity of Fort Garland; though on the Huerfano River, eighty miles northeast of that post, it occurred in numbers May 23, and doubtless remains there throughout the summer. Farther south, it has been found in New Mexico, at Fort Union, as above cited. It has not been detected in Arizona. | No. | Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. Wing.| Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. 1225) (dad. | *brovyo, Utaloeus «2 July 29, 1872} H. W. Henshaw and Dr. H. C. Yarrow. SETOPHAGA PIOTA, Swains. Painted Flycatcher. Setophaga picta, SwWAINS., Zool. Il., 2d ser., i, 1829, pl. iii—KAuP, Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1851, 50.—Bp., U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. ii, 1859, Birds, 11.— ScLat., Proc. Zool. Soe., 1856, 66.—Id., ib., 1858, 299 (Oaxaca).—TId., Cat., 1861, 36, No. 221 (Guatemala).—BD., Birds N. A., 1858, 298, pl. Ixxvii, f. 2.— Scuat. & SALvIn, Ibis, 1859, 12 (Guatemala).—Bp., Rev. Am. Birds, i, 1865, 256.—Rip@., Am. Nat., vi, 1872, 436—Cours, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 110.—Id., Am. Nat., vii, 1873, 325 (Tucson, Ariz.; Bendire).—HEn- SHAW, Rep. Orn. Spees., 1873, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 104.—Bp., Brew., & Rina., N. A. Birds, 1874, iii, app. 507. 14z ; 210 ZOOLOGY—BIRDS. Muscicapa leucomus, GrrauD, Birds Texas, 1841, pl. vi, f. 1—Sciar., Proce. Zodl. Soe., 1855, 66. HaB.—All Mexico; Guatemala; Arizona. This beautiful flycatcher has as yet been observed in our territory only in the southeastern portion of Arizona, where it is diffused over a consider- able extent of country as a summer resident. It appears not to inhabit the high mountains nor the extreme lowlands, but to occupy an intermediate position, and to find the rocky hills covered with a sparse growth of oak most congenial to its habits. Of its breeding habits, nothing is known; though that it rears its young in such localities as above mentioned there can be no doubt, since I have taken the young birds in the first plumage, and still under charge of the parents, at Rock Canon, July 21, and again of the same age at Camp Crittenden, August 29. During the latter part of August, they appear to become more numerous; this being due to their more general distribution at the close of the nesting season. By the latter part of September, very few remain; and probably the species winters far to the southward. Their motions are an almost exact reflection of those of the common Redstart, which they so much resemble in form. With half shut wings and outspread tail, they pass rapidly along the limbs of trees, now and then making a sudden dart fora passing fly, which secured they again alight and resume their search. They are constantly in motion, and rarely remain in the same tree many moments. It not infrequently may be seen clinging to the trunk of a tree while it seizes a grub or minute insect which its sharp eyes have detected hidden in the bark. Bill and feet black. The adult plumage of the sexes differs little, though the coloration in the female is quite perceptibly duller throughout. The black is less lustrous; the wings are blackish brown instead of pure black; the white on the wing confined to the coverts, and only just visible on the edges of the secondaries. Young male, first plumage: upper parts dull black, only slightly lus- trous; white nearly as in the adult, viz, a spot on the lower eye lid, a patch on the wing, including the greater and middle coverts, the outer edge of first primary only, the outer edges of the secondaries, the inside of wings, PASSERES—SYLVICOLIDAE—CARDELLINA RUBRIFRONS. 211 axillars, crissum, tibise, outer tail feathers except at base, and a diminishing space on the second and third, white. | No. | Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. Wing.} Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. 651 |g jun.| Camp Apache, Ariz ...| Aug. 29, 1873 | Lieut. W.C. Manning -| 2. 70 | 2.55 | 0.36 0. 60 732 |g ad.| Thirty miles south of | Sept. 10, 1873 | H. W. Henshaw..---. 2.82 | 2.66 | 0.40 0, 64 Camp Apache, Ariz. FAO) fy adss| eae GOB Sses Ronee peer GO) ase Beara dohee viens ee 2.73 | 2.64 | 0.38 0. 61 | Pi | besecs| He seee Glo ae eee Sept. 11, 1873 |.----- dope wear 2.70 | 2.70 | 0.37 | 0.60 | 166 | ad. | Rock Canon, Ariz..... July 20, 1874 |.-.--. omens enreca: 2.72 | 2.58 | 0.41 0. 66 KOZ ||Ojunelle=seas doeeeeaeseestee Jiulye2T, S745 oan sen Gly SSS) cosh cone 2.78 | 2.78 | 0.40 0, 65 527 |d jun. | Near Camp Crittenden, | Aug. 29, 1874 |.----- do 2.76 | 2.62 | 0.40 0, 66 Ariz. Aon O) adss|(S--ee dopa tars Hee! Aug. 30, 1874 |..---. dome anette aa h2a70) F240) Ongs 0. 65 887 | ad.| Mount Graham, Ariz-.| Sept. 25, 1874 |.----. Cle) oa5e Soseacone|| a9) || Lobe} || eae 0, 63 CARDELLINA RUBRIFRONS (Giraud). Red-faced Warbler. Muscicapa rubrifrons, GIRAUD, Birds Texas, 1841, pl. vii, f. 1 (Northeast Mexico?). Cardellina rubrifrons, SCLAT., Proc. Zodl. Soe., 1855, 66.—Id., ib., 1858, 299 (Oaxaca).— Td., ib., 1859, 374 (Oaxaca).—TId., Cat., 1861, 37, No. 229.—Bp., Rev. Am. Birds, i, 1865, 264. Cardellina amicta, (“« DUBUS., MSS.”)—Bown. Consp., 1850, 312. Parus erythropis, Licut., MSS. (Mus. Berlin). Has.—Mexico; Guatemala; Arizona. Sp. CHAR.—Male: above, grayish ash; a nuchal patch, rump, and under parts white; the latter, especially, tinged with rosy ; a broad hood of black over top of head, passing down over the ears, and leaving the forehead, lores, eyelids, and sides of neck bright red; inside of wings white, which also tips the middle coverts, thus forming a band; sides of body ashy. Female somewhat duller. In fall, the white nuchal patch is obscured by an ashy suffusion, and in some specimens is scarcely visible. Iris black; bill black; lower mandible lighter; legs dark-brown. Specimens from Mexico and farther south appear to be perceptibly brighter. Young birds in the first plumage have the ash above perceptibly tinged with reddish; the red on the head in patches, and not well defined. In ene specimen (No. 103), the greater wing coverts are tipped with white, thus forming a second wing band. This is another of the species which was attributed to Texas by Giraud as above cited. Its occurrence in Arizona is certainly not surprising, since it is known to be a common inhabitant of the mountains of Mexico. It without doubt follows the trend of the mountain ranges northward, and 212 ZOOLOGY—BIRDS. may, I think, be expected to occur in greater or less abundance throughout the higher mountainous districts of Southern Arizona, extending up at least as far as into the White Mountains. I met with the species at two points, near Camp Apache, and again on Mount Graham, a point some two hundred miles to the south. At the former place, several specimens were captured, including the young in nesting plumage, thus indicating that they breed in the vicinity. My note book contains the following : July 1.—While collecting in the early evening in the pine woods, a few angry chirps coming from the thick foliage of a spruce attracted my atten- tion, and ina moment a robin flew out in hot haste closely followed by a small bird, which after a short chase returned, and with a few satisfied chirps called together several young, whose presence I for the first time was thus made aware of. The old bird immediately began to search for food, moving like a Chickadee over the limbs, and flying out now and then for a short distance to snap up an insect, which was instantly given to one or the other of the several young that, with beseeching notes and cries, followed the old one about as it moved from one part of the tree to another. Soon perceiving that the birds were entire strangers to me, I shot first the old bird, which proved to be a male, and then two of the young, when the female appeared on the scene, and led away the two remaining members of the brood in safety. The following day a careful search revealed but two more individuals, both adult. Just a month later, on visiting Mount Graham, I not only saw the species again, but it proved to be a common bird of this locality, flocks of ten or fifteen not being unusual among the pines and spruces; it frequented these trees almost exclusively, only rarely being seen on the bushes that fringed the streams. Its habits are a rather strange compound, now resembling those of Warblers, again recalling the Redstarts, but more often perhaps bringing to mind the less graceful motions of the familiar Titmice. Their favorite hunting places appeared to be the extremities of the limbs of the spruces, over the branches of which they passed with quick motion, and a peculiar and con- stant sidewise jerk of the tail. When thus engaged, especially when high overhead, they might easily be passed by, as a busy group of Titmice intent only on satisfying their PASSERES—HIRUNDINIDAE—PROGNE SUBIS. 213 hunger. They appear to obtain most of their food from the branches, seiz- ing the insects when at rest ; but they are abundantly able to take their prey on the wing, and accomplish this much after the style of the Redstarts. Their disposition seems to prompt them to sociability with other species, and occasionally I found them accompanying the Audubon’s Warblers, and imitating them in their short flights from tree to tree, occasionally paying flying visits to the fallen logs and even to the ground. Save in being rather louder and harsher, their chirps resemble the-notes of the Yellow- rump Warblers. No. | Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. Wing.} Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. 102 | ad. | Mts. near Apache, Ariz| July 12, 1874 | H. W. Henshaw....-. 2.59 | 2.45 | 0.38 0. 70 TOS |g junval= io. < dower cacti ese a|ieene (le) Ato) atoaee dOrssinae eee 2.66 | 2.41 | 0.36 0. 64 104) (fj. == dO ee ee eaten |e @OOL ss einen ons. ile msos re baonee 2.55 | 2.40 | 0.30 0. 65 ZAG || Omader reese don eee se4ei3 Jrulysns5) 18740 -35 5 dorssac <-/eaceee 2.53 | 2.42 | 0.34 0. 65 HEAT Itresajbbne |eaceme Glo Reece coc csa lestice doves it nlaccess do's. 2 ses bades 2.58 | 2.45 | 0.36 0. 65 Age) || 6! paoce (G0), emebeh cquaess AUS s 2 5eS 740 ncaa donee ssn ceseses 2072) |) 2i72 O43, 0. 65 211 |Qjun. | Mount Graham, Ariz .-| Aug. 3, 1874 |...-.. dome Scmaceaeee 2.58 | 2.58 | 0 36 0. 68 248 | jun. |..---. dO ence esl a eee's Glo) Bae see) Rospec dO eescoe ees 2.73 | 2.52 | 0.36 0.65 | 2AOh | Ow ape Gopeese cee aaa doteastes|Sebsee do See ece ss cce: 2.57 | 2.45 | 0.35 6. 70 | Z25On| One (aes =e GO) eee Baane eel Beer doe e-eea| sooner dO rl Ase geck se 2.55. | 2.32 | 0.38 0. 67 | 268i | eee lesa (Oho jooEb es eeeeel seer COR. mecsleescion Clomessa ceca ZAG 5 2330 kOns 7 0. 70 270 ly Hes eee OW ceca endl cece. (ao figheaael Mater doy sesisceree es 2.64 | 2.53 | 0.35 0, 65 ZR2AOT i pees ae doesn re eee |p ee dol Sses3|se2ss 3 GOH ts aNesee hes 2.63 | 2.52] 0.35 | 0.65 282 Ete || ease Glo) SS Seo eee Boe doy ee aeal|cashs domessoccseeae 2.55 | 2.47 | 0.37 0. 68 2%} |leoascallee sear do See eee cece leased do} S223) ha0 Le dO ees seeee 2.63 |) 2.50) | 0135 0. 68 ZSANIIP ain |tesee. Gb) éSSaco ob Seeo| esse Glo) peace baaoeD GO) seeascesmoddc 2.66 | 2.53 | 0.34 0. 66 Fam. HIRUNDINIDAE: Swatiows. PROGNE SUBIS, (1.). Purple Martin. Hirundo subis, LINN., Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1758, 192 (Hirundo cerulea canadensis, EDWARDS Av., tab. 120, Hudson’s Bay). Progne subis, BD., Rev. Am. Birds, i, 1865, 274.—Covurs, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 72 (Fort Whipple, Ariz.).—SrTEv., U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1870, 463.— Bp., Brew., & Ripe., N. A. Birds, i, 1874, 329, pl. xvi, f. 10—Yarrow & HENSHAW, Rep. Orn. Spees., 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 12.— HENSHAW, An. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., xi, 1874, 4—Jd., An. List Birds Utah, 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 42.—Jd., Rep. Orn. Spees., 1873, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 104.—ALLEN, Proc. Bost. Suc. Nat. Hist., June, 1874, 24. 214 ZOOLOGY—BIRDS. Progne purpurea, Woonu., Sitgreave’s Exp. Zuni & Col. Riv., 1854, 65.—NrEws., P. RR. R. Rep., vi, 1857, 79.—Bp., Birds N. A., 1858, 314.—Id., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 303 (Cape Saint Lucas).—Xantrus, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 191 (Fort Tejon, Cal.)—HrrErm., P. R. R. Rep., x, pt. ii, 1859, 35.—Bp., U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. iv, 1859, Binds 11.— Henry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 106 (New Mexico).—Coor. & Sucku., P. R. R. Rep., xii, pt. ii, 1860, 186.—Hayp., Trans. Am. Phil. Soe. i, 1862, 162.—CoorPER, Birds Cal., 1870, 113.—CovuEs, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 114.—Snow, Birds Kan., 1872, 8.—COUES, Birds Northwest, 1574, 91. Progne chalyhea?, News., P. R. R. Rep., vi, 1857, 79. This species is universally distributed throughout all the United States, and in the West its abundance appears to be fully as great as in the East. It occurs throughout Utah, being found in the vicinity of the towns, and breeding plentifully in boxes placed for its convenience, as at Salt Lake Jity, or retiring in large colonies to the solitudes of the mountains, where, in the old pine and aspen woods, it finds abundant accommodation for rearing its young in the abandoned Woodpecker’s holes. Wherever found, it is never content to remain isolated in pairs, but associates together in colonies of greater or less number. Farther south, in New Mexico and Arizona, they are of no less common occurrence, but seemingly are more confined to the mountains, though this perhaps is due to the lack of timber in the lowlands, and a consequent want of the necessary facilities for rearing the young, rather to any natural preference for high regions. About the middle of August, while in extreme Southeastern Arizona, I noticed each evening immense numbers of these birds and the Cliff Swallows flying swiftly overhead, their course leading them directly south. They only paused now and then to catch an insect, immediately resuming their onward flight. All the actions of these birds seem to indicate that the migration at this early date had fairly begun, yet I have found in quite a number of instances the paren nts s feeding the just fledged young as as late as August De. | No. | S mk Locality. Date. | Collector. |W ring. Tail. | Bill. laiseaus | tale “| A | sleet Hise | | 524 E ad. | Camp Apache, Ariz....| Aug. 5, 1873 | H. W. Henshaw ......| 5.91 | 3-35 | 0.50] 0.57 595 |djun.|...--. MOseae ee eens Aug: 22)'1873 I. <5-<- Ome sree, ee | 4.5 5 | 2527, lo. 4t | 0.60 77 |o ad. | Willow Spring, Ariz...| July 12, 1874 |..-.-. Gls pea ee HE | 3.70 | 0.48 0, 61 7 RSH VE nas a Neem 10 Garam! woeuiae .| nomad i (eg, fene | oe WO a eae aise | 6.00 0 | 3.50 | 0. 48 | 0. 60 | PASSERES—HIRUNDINIDAE—PETROCHELIDON LUNIFRONS. 215 PETROCHELIDON LUNIFRONS (Say). Cliff-Swallow. Hirundo lunifrons, SAY, Loug’s Exp., ii, 1823, 47 (Rocky Mountains).—Woopt., Sit- greave’s Exp. Zuni & Col. Riv., 1854, 64.—Bp., Birds N. A., 1858, 309.— Herrm., P. R. R. Rep., x, pt. iv, 1859, 36.—X anus, Proc, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 191 (Fort Tejon, Cal.)—HEnry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 106 (New Mexico).—Coor. & Suckt., P. R. R. Rep., xii, pt. ii, 1560, 184.—CoorER, Am, Nat., iii, 1869, 33.—Jd., Birds Cal., 1870, 104.—STEv., U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1870, 463.—ALLEN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 1872, 176 (Hastern Kansas; Utah; Colorado).—Snow, Birds Kan., 1872, 8.— Bp., Rev. Am. Birds, i, 1865, 288.—Cours, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 72.—Id., Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 114.—Ho_p., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xv, 1872, 197—MeErriam, U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1872, 676.—Bp., Brew., & Rivc., N. A. Birds, i, 1874, 335, pl. xvi, f. 13—YArrow & HENSHAW, Rep. Orn. Spees., 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 11.—HENSHAW, An. Lye. Nat, Hist. N. Y., xi, 1874, 4.—Id., An. List Birds Utah, 1572, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 42.—Id., Rep. Orn. Spees., 1873, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 60, 75, 104.—ALLEN, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., June, 1874, 15, 17, 23.—CouEs, Birds Northwest, 1874, 88. Observed in Snake Valley, Nevada, and in many localities in Middle and Southern Utah, living in colonies, and building their nests at times in inaccessible spots in lofty cliffs, and again in places but a few feet above the plain. A wide-spread species, both in Arizona and New Mexico, as their mud nests, attached to the cliffs everywhere, attest. Seen near Fort Garland, Colo.,in large numbers, building under the eaves of the post quarters. I noticed here a very curious departure from the usual method of constructing the nest. Under the projecting eaves of one of the store houses, a large colony had established themselves; there being in the neighborhood of fifty nests, most of which were built in the usual fashion. But a few pairs, taking advantage of circumstances, had established themselves in certain small passages, which opened directly under the eaves, and had served as ventilators. The mouth of each one of these had been built up with mud, a small hole being left as an entrance. Some twelve inches beyond was the nest proper, consisting of a small pile of straws and feathers, on which the eggs were deposited. The wisdom of the birds in thus availing themselves of these holes was very clearly demonstrated, since nearly the entire labor of nest making was obviated and a much safer domicile secured. 216 ZOOLOGY—BIRDS. i | a ta | Re ces No. | Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. [mene Tail. Bill. | Tarsus. | a a =a 422 lo ad. | Fort Garland, Calas June 27, 1873 | H. W. Henshaw...... 4.28 | 2.13 | 0. 30 0. 45 | HIRUNDO HORREOROM, Barton. Barn Swallow. Hirundo horreorum, BARTON, Fragments Nat. Hist. Penna., 1799, 17.—Bp., U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. ii, 1859, Birds, 11—NrEws., P. R. R. Rep., vi, 1857, 78.—Bp., Birds N. A., 1858, 308.—HENRY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 106 (New Mexico).—Coop. & Sucku., P. R. R. Rep., xii, pt. ii, 1860, 184.—HAyD., Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., xii, 1862, 161.—Bp., Rey. Am. Birds, i, 1865, 294.—CouES, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 72 (Fort Mojave ; Cooper).—CooPER, Am. Nat., iii, 1869, 33 (Montana).—ZId., Birds Cal., i, 1870, 103.—CouEs, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 113, f. 54.—ALLEN, Bul. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 1872, 176 (Bastern Kansas to Ogden, Utah) —Snow, Birds Kan., 1872, 8\—MrErRIAM, U.S. Geol. Suey. Terr., 1872, 676.—BD., BREw., & Ripae., N. A. Birds, i, 1874, 539, pl. xvi, f. 9—YArrow & HENSHAW, Rep. Orn. Spees., 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 11.—Hrnsuaw, An. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., xi, 1874, 4.—J/d., An. List Birds Utah, 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 42.—/d., Rep. Orn. Spees., 1873, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 60, 76, 104.—ALLEN, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., June, 1874, 17, 23.— Cougs, Birds Northwest, 1574, 85. Hirundo rufa, Woonvu., Sitgreave’s Exp. Zuni & Col. Riv., 1854, 64.—Nrws., P. R. R. Rep., vi, 1857, 78.—HEERM., P. R. R. Rep., x, pt. ii, 1859, 36. The Barn Swallow has a very general distribution throughout the Mid- dle Region, but it appears to be nowhere very common. Specimens were secured both in Nevada and Utah at various points, most often in the close vicinity of settlements, where, secure in the protection of man, it builds its nest under the roofs and in the outbuildings. Individuals of the species were quite numerous at Fort Garland, Colo., and at Santa Fé, N. Mex., and also on the road between here and Fort Wingate, where they were seen by Dr. Newberry. ‘This is the most southern point at which we have seen it. It has been detected in Arizona only at Fort Mojave by Dr. Cooper, as above quoted No. | Sex. Locality. Pate. Collector. win Tai | Bill. | Tarsus. | | 50 B ad.!| Provo, Utahi:-+...-<.- July :29;, x872'| BC. W. Henshaw... : 222) ec.as-|ccees | oowee a eee 168 fe) airfield, Utah <-.<-..| Aug. 3) 1872))) Dr. HL C Narrows +... |-s2es | sees ee ee ee 66 | es. South Park, Colo ..... June 26, 1873| Dr.J. T. Rothrock. -... 4.73 | 4.07 | 0.28 0. 42 1601 | gjun. Twin Lakes, Colo. ....| Aug. —, 1873 | sores do 4.37 | 3.10 | 0.32 0. 43 PASSERES—HIRUNDINIDAE—TACHYCINETA THALASSINA. 217 TACHYCINETA BICOLOR (Vieill.). W hite-bellied Swallow. Hirundo bicolor, ViE1LL., Ois. Am, Sept., i, 1807, 61, pl. xxxi—WooDH., Sitgreave’s Exp. Zuni & Col. Riv., 1854, 65.—Bp., U. 8. & Mex. Bound. Surv., li, pt. il, 1854, Birds, 11.—NeEws., P. R. R. Rep., vi, 1857, 78.—Bp., Birds N. A., 1858, 310.—XAnvus, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 191 (Fort Tejon, Cal.).—HrErERM., P. R. R. Rep., x, pt. iv, 1859, 36—Hrnry, Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 106 (New Mexico).—Coop. & Suckt., P. R. RB. Rep., xii, pt. ii, 1860, 185.—Bp., Rev. Am. Birds, i, 1865, 297.—CooPEr, Birds Cal., i, 1870, Ng eras Bul. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., 1872, 176.—Snow, Birds K eae 1872, TONE bicolor, Cours, Ey N. A. Birds, 1872, 115.—YArRRow & HEensuAw, Rep. Orn. Spees., 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 11.—HENSHAW, An. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., xi, 1874, 4.—Jd., An. List Birds Utah, 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 49, HENSHAW, Rep. Orn. Spees., 1873, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 76.— ALLEN, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., June, 1874, 29.—Cousrs, Birds North- west, 1874, 86. Found at Fairfield, Utah, early in August, and at Provo in same month. Rather common. In Southern Colorado, the species was not uncommon, though perhaps the rarest of the swallows. Here, instead of being found near the habi- tations of man, it appeared to seek the solitude of the wild districts, and, in company with the succeeding species, to find a home in the hollows of the trees and deserted Woodpecker’s holes. Its presence was not detected at a higher elevation than 8,000 feet. Captain Bendire informs me that this species occurs about Tucson as a summer visitor, and breeds. No. | Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. Wing.| Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. 83 fe ad. | South Park, Colo... -.. Julys rs, 18:73)! Dr. ].k. Rothrock= =. 4.55 | 2.50 | 0. 25 0.47 TACHYCINETA THALASSINA (Sw.). Violet-green Swallow. Hirundo thalassina, SWAINS., Phil. Mag., i, 1827, 365 (Mexico)— WoonDH., Sitgreave’s Exp. Zuni & Col. Riv., 1854, 64.—Bp., U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv,, ii, pt. ii, 1859, Birds, 11.—NEwB., P. R. R. Rep., vi, 1857, 78.—Bp., Ives’ Col. Exped., 1857-58, pt. iv, 5.—Id., Birds N. A., 1858, 311.—HEERM., P. R. R. Rep., x, pt. ii, 1859, 56.—Bp., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 503 (Cape Saint 218 ZOOLOGY—BIRDS. Lucas) —XAnNTUS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 191 (Fort Tejon, Cal.).— HENRY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 106 (New Mexico).— Coor. & SucKL., P. R. R. Rep., xii, pt. ii, 1860, 183.—Bp., Rev. Am. Birds, i, 1865, 299.—CoorER, Proc. Cal. Acad., 1870, 75.—Id., Birds Cal., ii, 1871, 107.—ALLEN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., 1872, 176. Tachycineta thalassina, CouES, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 72.—Id., Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 113.—MrrriaAm, U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1872, 677 (Ogden Canon, Utah).—Bp., Brew., & Ripe., N. A. Birds, i, 1874, 347, pl. xvi, f. 11.— HENSHAW, Rep. Crn. Spees., 1875, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 60, 76, 104.— Id., An. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., xi, 1874, 4.—Jd., An. List. Birds Utah, 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 42.—Cours, Birds Northwest, 1874, 86.—ALLEN, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., June, 1874, 23. This species was first seén in the vicinity of Denver on the 12th of } yi May. In Southern Colorado, a few pairs were seen during the breeding-sea- son in the same localities as the White-bellied Swallow. This species, how- ever, attains a much higher altitude, and at 10,000 feet I found it very common and in large colonies. June 7, they had not begun to build, though evidently about to do so in the high pine stubs. In Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona, this swallow inhabits the higher regions, being met with in abundance everywhere in suitable localities. It prefers the open spaces in the pine woods or along its edges, and occasion- ally makes its homes in the oak groves, building its nest most usually in the holes abandoned by Woodpeckers. No. | Sex Locality. | Date. Collector. Wing.| Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. 254 |g ad.| Mountains near Fort | June 5, 1873} H. W. Henshaw-. ---- 4.60 | 1.98 | 0.23 0. 41 Garland, Colo. 255) |teadel ese see ole SS Se eRe) Sea dOjee= eee se eee (tees eon nec 4.55 | 2.06 | 0.22 0. 42 256 lit) ade |e stones doles ze (yee es ae dG paces ee 4.51 | 2.07 | 0.23 0. 40 ZeMaletatiel lana do d0 Sa ss-e|tacese (6s Viger SEN 4.45 | 2.05 | 0.25 0. 40 208 ada omnes Orso at oe ween CO peeter=|oces OO Sse een an ae e 4.70 | 2.15 | 0.21 0. 37 260) Quad) |ennmas dO) owe ncre sence [bee ae do feees. [52 ea: dO\sarusercckces 4.45 | 1.95 | 0.22] 0.42 260)||'9'ad..'|'....5. ri ( ae penee eae peaked f=) See re bo teme de! [ee foe GO 35552 Sere 4.20 | 2.00 | 0.20 0. 44 279 |9 ad. |.----- 0's necexsi te cose June 65,1873)|-=---. dO Sess eee 4.22 | 1.90 | 0,20 0. 43 458 | ad.| Neutria, N. Mex...... uly TOR AS 7s) oe lees 8 Piao a8- 4.50 | 2.07 | 0.25 0. 40 34 |d ad.| Pueblo, Colo ......... July 26, 1874| C. E. Aiken.......... 4.55 | 2.11 | 0.22 | 0.38 Za ce | Roe se dO os ccc July 27, 1874)|.----. dO). oo oa et ete 4.45 | 2.12 | 0.23 0. 33 BO aes |Pona=e (< fe mere ie ee LO re ote tee oe (eye Se, oe a 4.72 | 2.10 | 0.25 0, 40 117 |fjun. | Sangre de Cristo Pass, | Aug. 9, 1874]}.----- (< fe Nen perry Pec sa na sae |So- a Colo. PASSERES—HIRUNDINIDAE—STELGIDOPTERYX SERRIPENNIS. 219 STELGIDOPTERYX SERRIPENNIS (Aud.). Rough-winged Swallow. Hirundo serripennis, AUD., Orn. Biog., iv, 1838, 593. Cotyle serripennis, Bp., U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. ii, 1859, Birds, 11—NrEwe., P. R. R. Rep., vi, 1857, 79.—Bp., Birds N. A., 1858, 313.—H&rxERM., P. R. BR. Rep., x, pt. iv, 1859, 36—KENNERLY, P. R. R. Rep., Whipple’s Route, x, 1859, 24.—Coop. & SUCKL., P. R. R. Rep., xii, pt. ii, 1860, 186—CooPEr, Proce. Cal. Acad., 1870, 75.—Id., Birds Cal., 1870, 110.—ALLEN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., 1872, 176 (Eastern Kansas).—Snow, Birds Kan., 1872, 8. Stelgidopteryx serripennis, BD., Rev. Am. Birds, i, 1865, 314.—Couns, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 73 (Fort Whipple, Ariz.).—Jd., Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 114.—Bp., BREw., & Ripa., N. A. Birds, i, 1874, 350, pl. xvi, f. 12 —YarRRow & HENSHAW, Rep. Orn. Speces., 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 11.— HENSHAW, An. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., xi, 1874, 4.—Jd., An. List Birds Utah, 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 42.—Jd., Rep. Orn. Spees., 1873, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 60, 77, 105.—CouEs, U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1874, 90. Exceedingly abundant on the Provo River, Utah, where they roost in large numbers upon the dead bushes along the banks. So numerous are they and so closely do they sit huddled together that six individuals were secured at a single shot. They were observed on the wing in pursuit of insects, far into the evening, even when so dark that they could with difficulty be distinguished. Also noticed in Western Utah and Eastern Nevada. First seen about Denver the 6th of May, and common about the 12th. In Southern Colorado, the species was represented by numerous individuals, which usually confined their flight to the near vicinity of streams. I noticed them several times in suspicious proximity to some dead stubs; and, though I never saw one entering the cavities, many of which had been appropriated by the Violet-green Swallows, I think it quite probable that they had recourse to this means of nidification in the absence of banks suitable for their excavations. Many seen near Zuni, N. Mex.; and its range probably includes both this Territory and Arizona. At Fort Whipple, Ariz., it was found breeding by Dr. Coues, who observed its arrival late in April. 220 ZOOLOGY—BIRDS. No. | Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. Wing.| Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. ea Fe eae : 90 |@ ad. |) Provo; Utah~ ss. .4-- July ,26,:1872 | H.W... Henshaw and! || 2o-e=-|----eeleeeeee lee | Dr. H. C. Yarrow. BO) auade sons Glaser seceecsalecee donaaaes Sess OO) 2s ann) soars | Semel lol ae ee | ere et OG lid tages lee a-n WO so6 weseisees lea Gos -—e Beeson Oi. oS tie eee ene| ecneod| seen ae lwanees | eames Ole One enna (lle ercan Baceeal ae oe OO es nae ees OO §2 oe san meee ee ome ee eee ee ee 167| o | Fairfield, Utah........ Aug. 3.91872 | Dr: eGo Varrows2-4- jseceos|eeeeee er) eee TAS eee (Alcoholic)--.---<=-<- 1873 | Jer. Weel enshaw! and) || eae a eee nee eee Dr. H. C. Yarrow. 60 |@ ad. Pueblo; Colo.--.--.-.-- Jruly2293\18 74 iG aeaikenis sore ame seem e ferent el ee teers COTYLE RIPARIA (L.). Bank Swallow. Ilirundo riparia, LINN., Syst. Nat., i, 1766, 544. Cotyle riparia, WOoDH., Sitgreave’s Exp. Zuni & Col. Riv., 1854, 65.—NeEws., P. R. R, Rep., vi, 1857, 78.—Bp., Birds N. A., 1858, 313.—HEERM., .P. R. R. Rep., x. pt. iv, 1859, 36.— HENRY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 106 (New Mex- ico).—HAypD., Trans. Am. Phil. Soe., xii, 1862, 162.—Bp., Rev. Am. Birds, i, 1865, 319.—CovuEs, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 72 (rare; Fort Whipple, Aviz.)—Cooprer, Birds Cal., i, 1870, 110.—CovurEs, Key N. A. 3irds, 1872, 114.—ALLEN, Bul. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., 1872, 176 (Eastern Kan- sas).—Snow, Birds Kan., 1872, 8. AIKEN, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1872, 198.—MERRIAM, U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1872, 677 (Salt Lake) —YARRow & HENSHAW, Rep. Orn. Spees., 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 11.—HENSHAW, An. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., xi, 1874, 4.—IJd., An. List Birds Utah, 1872, Wheel- er’s Exped., 1874, 42.—ALLEN, Proce. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., June, 1874, 17, 24.—Couks, Birds Northwest, 1874, 89. This species appears to be far more distinctively eastern in its distribu- tion than the preceding, though several citations, as above given, show its occurrence in the Far West, even in California. In nearly every case, how- ever, their numbers when compared with the Rough-winged are small. On the Provo River, Utah, it was observed by Dr. Yarrow and myself to be quite common and intimately associated with the Rough-winged Swallows, both species breeding in the same banks together. Indeed, the flight and general appearance of the two are so much alike that when both species were found skimming the surface of the river together it needed the most careful scrutiny to distinguish them. PASSERES—VIREONIDAE—VIREO GILVUS VAR. SWAINSONI. 221 1 . * No. | Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. Wing.| Tail.| Bill. | Tarsus. 96)|-aeces Provo; Utahe=----<--- uly p23 setS70) EW Elenshawmand) |= --- oes. oies\|(enc-o-|(eascis'= = - | Dr. H. C. Yarrow. Fam. VIREONIDAE: VireEos. VIREO GILVUS (Vieill.), var. SWAINSONI, Bd. Western Warbling Vireo. Vireo swainsonit, BD., Birds N. A., 1858, 336 (in text; Pacific coast)—Cours, Ibis, 1865, 164 (Arizona).—Id., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 73 (Arizona). Vireosylvia swainsonii, BD., Rev. Am. Birds, i, 1866, 343.—Srry., U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1870, 464 (Wyoming).—AIKEN, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1872, 198 (Colorado). Vireosylvia gilva var. swainsoni, COOPER, Birds Cal., i, 1870, 116. Vireo gilvuus var. swainsoni, COUES, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 121, f. 64.—Bp., Brrw., & Rine., N. A. Birds, i, 1874, 371—YArrow & HENsHAw, Rep. Orn. Spees., 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 12—HENSHAW, Rep. Orn. Spees., 1873, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 77, 105.—Id., An. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., xi, 1874, 4.—Id., An. List Birds Utah, 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 43.—Couks, Birds Northwest, 1874, 98. Vireo gilvus, Coop. & SuCKt., Nat. Hist. Wash. Terr., 1859, 188.— XANTUS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 191 (Fort Tejon, Cal.)—HEERM., P. R, R. Rep., x, pt. iv, 1859, 55.—HeEnry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 106 (New Mexico).—CoopPEr, Am. Nat., iii, 1869, 35— ALLEN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., ili, 1872, 156, 176 (Kansas; Colorado; Utah), (includes both varieties). This vireo is the most abundant and widely distributed of its tribe throughout the Middle Region, and has been met with in every section through which the expedition has passed. In Utah, it is abundant; and here it often finds its home in the gardens and streets of the towns, thus exhibiting the same traits of confiding familiarity which attach to it in the East. It is, however, equally numerous in the wild uncultivated districts where man has not yet penetrated. It frequents, for the most part, the deciduous trees, especially the cottonwoods, and ranges from the valleys high up into the mountains, and the species is almost as strongly represented numerically at 10,000 feet as at a lower altitude. Its habits are every- where the same, and the sweet, half meditative notes of its beautiful song 222 ZOOLOGY—BIRDS. have the same power to charm the ear in the solitude of its wild home as when heard under the more familiar conditions of civilization. | No. | Sex. Locality. Date. | Collector. Wing.| Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. 64 | gjun.| Wahsatch Mts., Utah..| Aug. 11, 1872 | HeiW. Eenshawicssss|sssoe0 sesso pet eeeereee Bi eae Meadow Creek, Utah..| Sept. 15, 1872 | Dr. H. C. Yarrow. ..-.|------]------|------|-- ------ 231 |9 ad.| Near Ft. Garland, Colo| May 3, 1873| H. W. Henshaw...-.. 2.76 | 2.16 | 0.42 0. 70 WRBhi had: osname dor. cos sesem sees May 26, 1873 |-.----- do a~c-| 2.93 | 2.27 | 0.43 0. 68 L7G lige ade ese as TO oe eas MWayi20,91873)|sea==- 6 (ee ee ZB 2a27nLOsAs 0. 66 19509 ads |--o5-. C3 (oe ah a [Ee aaa aaa 03 (ea 2.60 | 2.20 | 0.43 0. 66 196) || 3 ad. |P ===. do May 30, 1873 }.----- OSS Se ces-s 2.80 | 2.25 | 0.43 0. 69 222) 'erad. aso 2. Ghee yee ae June’ "5, ;1873'|-=---- MG lao ee 2.85 | 2.30 | 0.40 0, 70 DSi vaded peceeers (6 fo ee eee June) 651873) |= 22 =. GOfeaes eee ee 2.75 | 2.17 | 0.42 0. 70 Bod |ftads/|on--=- ( (eee June 19, 1873 |------ dO =e =tsccsues 2.84 | 2.19 | 0.42 0. 69 38q? |'ftads)-=- =. doen os eee June 21, 1873 |.----- aa as sane 2. 83 | 2.27 | 0.43 0. 68 557 |¢ ad. | White Mts., Ariz....-. Auge 10,1873) |e-- =. dOisecn se chesece 2.67 | 2.15 | 0.43 0. 65 WESC IE 1Ou leseoes doy a a eee does ee See donee. s 2.50 | 1.95 | 0.45 0. 66 72 |9 ad. | Willow Spring, Ariz...| July 12, 1874] H. W. Henshaw ..-..-.-|.-----].-----|]------|-------- 7 eee te es Ae CO)=..-o-6 Soe all Seca Goi a aslteenn= GO eect san ersien | Serna teeta ell es ee eee ee 53 |9 ad. | Pueblo, Colo ......... July 28, 1874 | C. E. Aiken--..-..... 2.80 | 2.13 | 0.45 0. 69 274 | Jun. | Mount Graham, Ariz..| Aug. 3, 1874 |---.-- (by eer ee ond [een eo ces| Ranss-|icncoee ss 329 9 Camp Bowie, Ariz ....| Aug. 31, 1874 Dr. J. T. Rothrock....|----:.].-----|-----.|-------- 158 | fjun. | Indian Creek, Colo....| Aug. 14, 1874 )|.----. GU nneanoss As 2.92 | 2.30 | 0.42 0. 65 518 |9 ad. | NearCamp Crittenden, | Aug. 28, 1874 | H. W. Henshaw....-..|.-----|.-----|------]-------- Ariz. BADE ical oon dO enn seleenein= <5 AUG 3 1, s1S 74 sone. Cg AP ee Se] |pmccar Heocas Baaaee pecan Heh |Aeos-|boosee do't ose ose ee oe |(Septy al lO7Ai seen es Geis Hen seean pesos Roces-|\-anen | poco sS oe 692 a Camp Lowell, Ariz....| Sept. 11, 1874 |..---. Ope see eee BRA sees bac aa beccece hao Sod VIREO SOLITARIUS (Wils.). Solitary Vireo. Muscicapa solitaria, WiLs., Am. Orn., ii, 1810, 143, pl. xvii, f. 6. Vireo solitarius, Bp., Birds N. A., 1858, 340.—HrrErRM., P. R. R. Rep., x, pt. ii, 1859, 55.—Coorp. & Suck.., P. R. BR. Rep., xii, pt. ii, 1860, 189.—HaAyn., Trans. Am. Phil. Soe., xii, 1862, 163.—CoorrrR, Proc. Cal. Acad., 1870, 175.— Cours, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 66, 121.—Snow, Birds Kan., 1872, 8.— Cougs, Birds Northwest, 1874, 99. Vireosylvia solitaria, COOPER, Birds Cal., 1870, 117. Lanivireo solitarius, BD., BREW., & RripG@., Birds N. A., i, 1874, 373. The Solitary Vireo appears to occur in the Southern Rocky Mountains only as a migrant, and to be wholly replaced there in summer by the nearly allied variety, the plumbeous Vireo (var. plumbeus). In its course southward PASSERES—VIREONIDAE—V. SOLITARIUS VAR. CASSINI. 223 from its northern breeding ground, it appears to follow the mountain ranges, and to confine itself to the pine region. During the latter part of Septem- ber, I found the species occurring quite numerously at Mount Graham, where it was seen only among the lofty pines, usually accompanying other birds, as the Audubon’s Warbler and Nuthatches. It could scarcely be said to be in song yet; as it moved about from branch to branch, it occasionally paused to give utterance to a few strains, which, though broken and detached, were sufficient to bring to mind the beautiful melody to be heard from this bird in the vernal season—in variety and richness of notes not surpassed by the song of any of the family. No. | Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. Wing.| Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. 790) ||lsciniete Mount Graham, Ariz ..| Sept. 20, 1874 | H. W. Henshaw... ....| 2.83 | 2.25 | 0.43 0. 73 S03 Merteaet eerste ce dO)e eee, = se] We pty 2308S 74) ee sae (ila) Qapp aasenecHe 2.95 | 2.20 | 0.40 0. 78 815 ae) bases ole S a5 OSS se| Soa dovc=5.0|)aa~-=-—= Colo. PASSERCULUS SAVANNA (Wils.), var. ALAUDINUS, Bp. Western Savanna Sparrow. Passerculus alaudinus, Br., Comp. Rend., xxxvii, Dec., 1853, 918 (California).—BD., Birds N. A., 1858, 446.—Xanvus, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1859, 191 (Fort Tejon, Cal.).—Bp., U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. ii, 1899, Birds, 14—HrErm., P. R. R. Rep., x, pt. iv, 1859, 49—Coor. & SUCKL., P. R. R. Rep., xii, pt. ii, 1860, 199.—CoorEr, Birds Cal., 1, 1870, 181.—STEV., U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1870, 464.—Snow, Birds Kan., 1872, 10.—MberriaM. PASSERES—FRINGILLIDAE—P. SAVANNA VAR. ALAUDINUS. 255 U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1872, 679.—Y Arrow, Rep. Orn. Spees., 1871, Wheel- er’s Exped., 1874, 34. Passerculus savanna var. alaudinus, BD., BREW., & RipG., N. A. Birds, i, 1874, 537.— Yarrow & HeENsHAw, Rep. Orn. Spees., 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 15,—HENSHAW, Rep. Orn. Specs., 1873, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 61, 79, 111.— Bp., BREW., & RipG., N. A. Birds, 1874, pl. xxiv, f. 11—HENSHAW, An. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., xi, 1874, 5.—Jd., An. List Birds Utah, 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 44.—ALLEN, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., June, 1874, 27. Passerculus savanna, ALLEN, Bul. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 1872, 177.—Woopn.. Sitgreave’s Exp. Zuni & Col. Riv., 1854, 85.—Couxs, Birds Northwest, 1874, 127 (includes both eastern and western variety). This, the western race of the Savanna Sparrow, replaces that bird in the Middle Region, and extends southward through Arizona and New Mexico, having been found by us a summer resident as far as the border line of Mexico. It is everywhere common, frequenting with indifference the moist meadowy lands in the vicinity of streams and the dry arid plains. In Colorado, Mr. Aiken secured specimens from various localities, and found it numerous. At Denver, it was common the Ist of May, having apparently arrived long before; but, from the 1st to the 12th, a continual increase in numbers was noted. No. | Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. Wing.| Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. steers g ad. | Nevada .. scaouocal| Seas EL irey se || Ji. WIRE S eece seers osoece| eScose|lessseslleess aes 12 Qjun. | Thistle Valley, Utah...| July 20, 1872| H. W. Henshaw......|...--.|...--.|...--.]_....... 78 i\sjuny || Provo; Utahis-2---s-< uly 2051872) Dre eis Varrow, and )\|peese o|sssse lene se oleae H. W. Henshaw. 79" dad. || ss ==: G8) sosecescacosa|lesoos G19) casacallbsdbne GOs Seeeceinesoed||sSccod|| Gsocellbccasd)assedeee Sr igvads|=eesee dol Ssac Fsecees| 2h si2 doze = 5|occee Gt Sai gees eo eteal seca ao seeel eee eae Ole ga adan see ee Gis Same ees ANI Pe 25 1572) | Gano e G10) Setaga Gece Batol Heocel ecerel a een ee seme BO Al Oads |paa=- dojsese esas sen eeene dojeae-e> Eva Wi benshaws joc loses = |cseese |e seaa lence te A0)ni|gads\ensaae dO fance oceses|essee dass ssa. Elem Vem ELenshawae nds | eee | mera | nectar Dr. H. C. Yarrow. | B2ie (Gada Denver) Colonecas esse May 12, 1873) H. W. Henshaw.....- 2. 83 | 2.23 | 0.43 0. 78 M200 |r ads |e aces dorset enisacsees May 17, 1873|.----- doysescns -| 2.80 | 2.15 | 0.43 0. 80 212 |g ad.| Fort Garland, Colo. May) 30;,1873)|-<-4-- do eae bee 2.81.| 2.17 | 0.43 0. $2 DUST Windom |serea don sees ee eew nce = COM eS saca| ene dO. ee ee wae 2.79 | 2.14 | 0.43 0. 75 2TaV i Guads beeen CO Raho reer sel eito Sema heane does ccinse exe 2.83 | 2.24 | 0.48] 0.82 608 |Qjun | Mount Graham, Ariz ..| Aug. 21, 1873]...... dGise aes seer eas 2.60 | 2.20] 0.40} 0.73 665 |¢gjun.}| Camp Apache, Ariz . ..| Aug. 23, 1873] ...--. doe eaeniessa- =| |N2HOSH|t2.26)| Oras | 0.82 | 620 Cha esac doi SS See te ANI 2 Oe 7h eee dose ass 2s. cee 2.75 | 2.23 | 0.42 | 0,80 634 |Qjun.].-.--. Clean ane seescce AUR 2 Teel S 73h he aeae Over n ejsjen ie = eye 2.50 | 2.10] 0.43 | 0.75 Sa7e Weaken Camp Grant, Ariz..... Jodie, 2emenlie cee doe aeesacewes 2.75 | 2.26 | 0.45 0. 75 894. () Wtllsacoau Glee Gesacesasqce Sept. 29, 1873 |:.---- doverces see ace 2.60 | 2,10 | 0, 42 0.77 256 ZOOLOGY—BIRDS. PASSERCULUS SAVANNA (Wils.). Savanna Sparrow. I learn from Mr. Aiken that during the migrations the typical savanna of the East occurs in nearly the same abundance as the variety alaudinus, and that during the past season he found the former breeding near Pueblo, Col. This is the first observation which gives this variety a summer habitat so far to the west. POGECETES GRAMINEUS (Gm.), var. CONFINIS, Bd. Grass Finch; Bay-winged Bunting. Poocetes gramineus var. confinis, BD., Birds N. A., 1858, 448 (in text).—CouEs, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 136.—MrERRIAM, U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1872, 680.— Yarrow & HeEnsuaw, Rep. Orn. Spees., 1872, Wheelers Exped., 1874, 14.—HensHaw, An. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., xi, 1574, 5.—Jd., An. List Birds Utah, 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 44.—Id., Rep. Orn. Specs., 1873, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 61, 80, 111.—CovuEs, Am. Nat., viii, 1874, 602.— Id., Birds Northwest, 1874, 129. Poocetes confinis, YARROW, Rep. Orn. Spees., 1871, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 34. Poocetes gramineus, Bb., U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. ii, 1859, Birds, 15.—HENRY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 107 (New Mexico).—Coop. & SUCKL., P. R. R. Rep., xii, pt. ii, 1860, 200.—CovEs, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, 83.—ALLEN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., 1872, 177. Zonotrichia graminea, WOODHL., Sitgreave’s Exp. Zuni & Col. Riv., 1854, 84.—NEWB., P. R. BR. Rep., vi, 1857, 88.—HEERM., P. R. R. Rep., x, pt. ii, 1859, 47. This and the preceding species are perhaps the most common and gen- erally distributed in the West of the sparrow tribe. They both frequent much the same localities, but the Grass Finch is more constantly found on the dry plains, and entirely away from the vicinity of water, and besides by preference frequents the higher plateaus. Abundant in Southern Colorado. Nests on the ground among the sage brush. Two nests were obtained in South Park, Colorado, by Dr. Roth- rock. Nest a slight structure of dried grasses, lined slightly with cottony substances from plants. Eggs four or five in number, of a greenish-white ground color, blotched all over with light brown and obsolete markings of purple, with a few black streakings. I have observed no differences in habit in this variety as distinguished from the eastern form, and the songs of the two are quite identical, not PASSERES—FRINGILLIDAE—C. PASSERINUS VAR. PERPALLIDUS. 257 differmg more than do the strains of different individuals in the same neighborhood at the East. Mr. Aiken has observed it in El Paso County, Colorado, April 18. No. | Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. Wing.) Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. i | Eee peal Nevada sae ee 7 foo ne Junes 20518710 | Pe Bischof s2s2e)2 26) |saeeee losetec 81 |Q ad. | Strawberry Valley, Utah Aug. 13, 1872| H. W. Henshaw...-...|...--.|...... 100 |Q jun. Panquitch, Utah .. .... TNE YG key P| ae Opes aa oe cra lnc hs See 144 |fjun.| Salina, Utah.......... SepteG lo 72ilee ates COS Ae nisn pian anl| at sae eae 158 | fjun.| Grass Valley, Utah.... Sept) 10, 1872)|- 4222 Olea heen oro taeee| Sem 292 |g ad. | Beaver, Utah......... Sept. 24, 1872| Dr. H.C. Yarrow and |...... eter. H. W. Henshaw. 294 |9 ad | Toquerville, Utah. ...- Oct 914501872) eH. \WeiHlenshaw o2sses|eeece.|peoe-- BySulseecere (Alcoholic)/- See. 2-22. 71873) HW Elenshaw, and) |)..2e0\ho. | Dr. H. C. Yarrow. FSq|fipad-y|eDenvereae esse se se May 7, 1873 | H.W. Henshaw ....-. Speasl || 2 TO Oadsl| ase domeyou se. a5. So con) seserulsasese doy te a ae Bhl7al eee AYS yada acts. dowersteeticose. May 10, 1873]...... GO) pase asceenar|| eh ee 784| g | Gila River, Ariz ...-.. Septiarssn973)|paaeee GW socssasse soce)| S535 |PA! II g | Camp Grant, Ariz. .... Sept. 22, 1873 | M.N. Maguet ........ 2.98 | 2. 12 dee Al 'on ase dose aes ae eeeil oes dO). sseealteaces do Pasae ee eeek 3.13 | 2, COTURNICULUS PASSERINUS (Wils.), var. PERPALLIDUS, Ridg. Western Yellow-winged Sparrow. PLATE I, Fic. 2. Coturniculus passerinus var. perpallidus, Ripe., MS.—Covss, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 157.—BD., BkEw., & Ripa@., N. A. Birds, i, 1874, 556.—Y arrow, Rep. Orn. Spees., 1871, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 34— Yarrow & HENSHAW, Rep. Orn. Spees., 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 15.—HENSHAW, An. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., xi, 1874, 5.—Jd., An. List Birds Utah, 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 44.—Td., Rep. Orn. Specs., 1873, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 112.— ALLEN, Proe. Bost. Soe. Nat. Hist., June, 1874, 16, 17, 27.—CovEs, Birds Northwest, 1874, 132. Coturniculus passerinus, WoovH., Sitgreave’s Exp. Zuni & Col. Riv., 1854, 86.—Bp., U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. ii, 1859, Birds, 15.— HEERM., P. R. R. Rep., x, pt. iv, 1859, 49.—KENNERLY, P. R. R. Rep., (Whipple’s Route), 1859, 28.—HENRY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 107 (New Mexico).— CouES, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 84 (Bill Williams’ Fork, Ken- nerly).—ALLEN, Bul. Mus. Comp. Zoil., 1872, 177 (western edge of plains; Ogden, Utah). This pale western race of the Yellow-winged Sparrow is found in the Middle Region, extending thence west to the Pacific. Though oceurring in 17 z 258 ZOOLOGY—BIRDS. Utah and Colorado, it appears to be far less numerous there than on the erassy plains and valleys of New Mexico and Arizona, where it breeds in great abundance. In the Sonoita Valley, within a few miles of the Mexican border, the long grass was fairly swarming with the old and young of this species; a few of the latter in early September still unable to care for them- selves. In walking, every few yards one or more of these sparrows were started up from their hiding places, and, after flying a few yards in a feeble, hesitating sort of manner, would drop down and conceal themselves, running nimbly along the ground, and showing much adroitness in their manner of hiding behind any slight elevation, so as to evade scrutiny. In September, their numbers are increased by accessions from the more northern districts, and upon each plain and grassy plateau hundreds may be found, all seem- ingly impelled by the instinct of migration. The extreme southern parts, however, of Arizona and New Mexico may afford a home for at least a portion of the multitudes which throng here during the fall. The specimens obtained are all typical of this race, and differ very decidedly from the eastern form (passerinus) in the general predominance of the light tints through the entire plumage. No. | Sex. Locality. . Date. Collector. Wing.| Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. Meas g ad. | Nevada ....-....----.| Sept. 8, 1871 | F. Bischoff.......-...].-.-..|.-----|------]--.----- 149 |Qjun. | Gunnison, Utah ..-.-. Sept: 7; 18721|DEL. We blenshawecsane)| | cemrr|| ete rto| eee eee 6} 2g | Southern Arizona ..... Sept. —, 1873 | M. N. Maguet........ 2.43 | 2.13 | 0.48 0. 76 i rs Camp Grant, Ariz.....|.--.- dojmeseee|eeeaes dO cscs aoe e eee) NSO enOQn | O:mg) mmo 7i7 LO 0 Mount Graham, Ariz ..|....- (egos Rosas dO jee 2) fons noses | 2240) 2. OF) 110,150 | o, 75 6I0)| ais eae aes (ib Vaeeoeeeec] cal hods< dOt naman H. W. Henshaw..----. 2.50 | 2.06 | 0.50 0.7 6X2) ||" oe leases El Ases eS oa 5s5— Gl Sees RS Gl eon eee 2.50 | 2.07 | 0.43 0. 73 | 613 come ace AO). seceasecie sl noeers doiscses eects (elena eS onon.cOS- 2:40) 2.10) || 05.47; ||, wa 7% 6280l Wd ailesceee (a Coane apenas [Se do ase=—|tsccse do ane 2100) | 2akG | 0.47 0. 70 29 OW eee Ce (ee ee (a Ps Co | ae dO) snare enw ccee 2.45 | 2.05 | 0.46 c. 70 630) Ow |paaace WR So erocens| Haase dOjn- saa| saan 0 eect ean came 2. 62 | 2.23 lo. 45| 9273 62 3 |eneeee (aE ee Serotec dol: s2|c-2-=5 doleeweeaeccasne 2.50 | 2.08 | 0.49 0.7 782) ° g || Gila River, Ariz --2-<.}/-2- doje sese | seees dO) sean seen es 2.55'| 2.10] 0:55 1 0.73 573 djun. | Camp Crittenden, Ariz.| ——- —, 1874]..-... (OEM Baie eres ane S| Senn aes S80) | ayunaf.-- =< DO acon sees eee Cf eed poeers 0 seen can awteslaceascfeeenes lecees) eeoteees | Gr6\) Jan |--2--- dO pase eee eee bas( bc eer = <= be Se Goa se eee ae 2 RR ees eet [ener Pe ee 670,| Ad. |..---. (EE era cael lacc- (3 (a Re en (: (2 ee el Re | Perl ce (aeons | PASSERES—FRINGILLIDAE—CHONDESTES GRAMMACA. 259 CHONDESTES GRAMMACA (Say). Lark Finch. Fringilla grammaca, Say, Long’s Exp. Rocky Mts., i, 1823, 139. Chondestes grammaca, WoonH., Sitgreave’s Exp. Zuni & Col. Riv., 1854, 86.—Bp.., Ives’ Col. Exped., 1857-58, pt. iv, 6—Id., Birds N. A., 1858, 456.—Id., U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. ii, 1859, Birds, 15.—Id., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 304 (Cape Saint Lucas).—X ANTUS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., 1859, 191 (Fort Tejon, Cal.) HbERM., P. R. R. Rep., x, pt. iv, 1859, 48.— HENRY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 107 (New Mexico).—Coor. & SuCKL., P. R. Rep., xii, pt. ii, 1860, 200.—HaAyD., Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., xii, 1862, 166.—CouEs, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 84 (Fort Whipple, Ariz.).—Id., ib., 1868, 83.—CoopERr, Birds Cal., i, 1870, 113.—Srry., U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1870, 464.— ALLEN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., 1872, 177.— CouEs, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 146, f. 90.—SNnow, Birds Kan., 1872, 10,— HoLpEN, Proc. Bost. Soe. Nat. Hist., 1872, 201.—MERRIAM, U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1872, 680.—Bp., BREw., & Ring., N. A. Birds, i, 1874, 562, pl. xxxi, f. 1—YARRow & HENSHAW, Rep. Orn. Spees., 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 15.—HeEnsHaw, An. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., xi, 1874, 5.—Td., An. List Birds Utah, 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 44.—Id., Rep. Orn. Spees., 1873, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 61.—ALLEN, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., June, 1874, 15, 18, 28.—Cougs, Birds Northwest, 1874, 159. The Lark Finch has been obtained at many localities by our parties, but has been met with more frequently and in greater numbers in Utah and Colorado than in the more southern portions of its habitat in Arizona and New Mexico, where, however, the species is by no means wanting. Its habits seem to vary somewhat in different localities. In Utah, it appeared particularly terrestrial in its habits; and at Provo I remember that the dusty by-ways just outside the town were favorite places of resort, the birds gath- ering thither in small parties, and busying themselves apparently very suc- cessfully in searching for food. This was in the latter part of July, and the males were without song, and very shy, and careful to avoid all scrutiny. Near Denver, in early May, these birds were quite common in small com- panies along the banks of the Platte River, where they frequented the trees and bushes quite as much as the more open ground. They appeared then to be mating, and I often saw several ‘males in pursuit of some female, whose charms had proved sufficient to awaken the tender passion in the breasts of a number of emulous admirers. Its warbling song at this season is not excelled by any of its tribe, if, indeed, it is equaled. 260 ZOOLOGY—BIRDS. No. | Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. Wing, Tail. | Bill. Tarsus. 118 |Qjun.| Provo, Utah.......... July, -24,.1872)| Ha W. enshawsand) | 22-2 ieee ces) oe eeseeee sees Dr. H. C. Yarrow. 119 | Qjun. |.----- Cs (Pee July, °31; 1872)|----=-- Cee haa lancer anaes natn | 180 | Qjun. |...... dots 3. hee AY eee See (: (ei Pe ad bree Sal fry cob Pe pd 33 | gjun. Bee Oise coe See a Aug. 2, 1872]...... DO's ses Sop coe wee [emcee lsaidece|teescel seas cone San Onads room. dO) aaseis Samia sect | ARP Sek Oi2) nee (toads Bel |. Seas) Renee ieee] eee 47) Oqune i ~ 3 2n—- (ile Sere eran Pen ene sca| [Aso dO meee cue celamenn| ere nee| eseeallleseonceee 3 |¢ ad. | Denver, Colo.........| May 6, 1873] H. W. Henshaw...... 3-65 | 3.05 | 0.50 0. 80 KA | adaleeee = C0jecae= oaece= || Mayan 7, loz sitesenae AOR mesa ee == 3-43 | 2.90 | 0.50 0. 75 Gly JAN PG 5 ene ls lie siemens Genes - May 9, 1873]:----- doaeeesoe a 3-48 | 3.08 | 0.50 0. 78 W2siavade ossans Glo Be St Senet June —, 1873 | Dr. J. T. Rothrock. .... 3.20 | 2.79 | 0.50 0. 72 5 BY isaac GOBER R= =8 sanscr\Eccne (es Reman dopancseaeeeeas 3.45 | 2.88 | 0.52 0.77 341 |Q ad. | Camp Bowie, Ariz - Aug, %0; 1874) ccnen donc ecmciensss sane we n|onenne|enenne|onne one. R47 1G ads Peco sa. doa. aero ose Seen OO Se oe slianeeee eee am se pee breathed (Se yi | Ee See 356 | ad. | SeSeoe GOW seat eee aoe (Co eee Rea (6 Co er! (eo (acs new AS eel eas eae 368 | Qjun.|..---- CO esan secs senso ees Clip aaa en| aoc o (= Re er aanacd|Socinselfeaacs-|leocosce- ZONOTRICHIA LEUCOPHRYS (Forst.). White-crowned Sparrow. Emberiza leucophrys, Forsv., Philos. Trans., |xii, 1772, 382, 426. Zonotrichia leucophrys, WOovu., Sitgreave’s Exp. Zuni & Col. Riv., 1854, 84.—Bp., U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. ii, 1859, Birds, 15.—Jd., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 304 (Cape Saint Lucas).—HAyD., Trans. Am. Phil. Soe., xii, 1862, 166.—CoorER, Birds Cal., i, 1870, 196.—SvEv., U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1870, 464.—ALLEN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., 1872, 177 (Eastern Kansas, May ; mountains of Colorado).—CovuEs, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 144.—Snow, Birds Kan., 1872, 10.—AIKEN, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1872, 200.— MERRIAM, U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1872, 681.—BpD., BREW., & Ripa., N. A. Birds, i, 1874, 566, pl. xxv, figs. 9, 10.—YARROW, Rep. Orn. Spees., 1871, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 35.—Yarrow & HENSHAW, Rep. Orn. Spees., 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 14—HENsuAw, An. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., xi, 1874, 5.—Id., An. List Birds Utah, 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 44.—Id., Rep. Orn. Spees., 1875, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 61, 80, 112.—CouEs, U. 8S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1874, 154. F Zonotrichia leucophrys ?, NEwB., P. R. R. Rep., vi, 1857, 87. The White-crowned Sparrow breeds abundantly in the parks of the Wahsatch Mountains in Utah, and young and old were obtained there in August. Dr. Rothrock also found it breeding in South Park, Colorado, in July. After the first of June, the species is only to be found in the high districts of the mountains, where alone they breed. During the migrations, it occurs in immense numbers, and is distributed over the country generally, though occurring in greatest numbers in the lower districts, frequenting PASSERES—FRINGILLIDAE—Z,. VAR. INTERMEDIA. 261 especially the bushes and thickets of the streams. I believe they winter in greater or less numbers in Southern Arizona. No. | Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. Wing.| Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus. cee ads bmi Runs Nevin se =-r— | MUER ARS TeyAC IONS Relea psec Sec] |Sooccs|sceee>| jeooees! Feasecce 71 |gjun.| Daneills’s Canon, Utah} Aug. 12, 1872 | H. W. Henshaw ......f....-.|.-----| -----|-------- 80 |Q ad. | Strawberry Valley, | Aug. 13, 1872 |..--.- Gb) Cedgoeeéboccelfrasses |lsaos scl sodas! [S450 S685 Utah. Aa \owade: | Denver: Colossaecmaoe May 6, 1873 |.----- Gh reocces cons 3.02 | 3.16 | 0.43 0. 92 TO) if iads||escee doriesascteeae =: May 237381873) soace (CONS Ais5 Gueedcoo B15 ||| 3-32 |p0.43 0, 86 42 |g adg}.----. Gliie céonée coseee May 10, 1873 |.----. Gio coscontecnts 3.16 | 3.12 | 0.44 0. 93 Alles tale ea sese Glo) sp Seeep ceeees May 14, 1873 |------ Gl) ose Secu coder Byi2 | gat2)|| O43 0. 85 1O7 | Geadsi\esese doiaeranyae eee |) May, !17;1873,|------ (0) becomes boar 2.95 | 3.00 | 0.43 0. 85 67 | Ad. |...--. dose naan | June 26, 1873 | Dr. J. T. Rothrock ...| 3.18 | 3.30 | 0.50 | 0.95 120 |9 ad. | Camp Bowie, Ariz -...| Oct. 6, 1873 | Dr. C. G. Newberry...| 2.95 | 3.00 | 0.46 0. 88 125 | ad.|-----. Ge) stoocds cadass Oct.) -10;-1873)|||25=--- Gh} Scessecona4s2 3.12 | 3.11 | 0.44 0. 85 ZONOTRICHIA LEUCOPHRYS (Forst.), var. INTERMEDIA, Ridgw. Ridgway’s Sparrow. PrarE VU, Fiag. 1] o Zonotrichia leucophrys var. intermedia, RipG., MS.—CovugEs, Check-List, app., No. 183b.—YARROW & HENSHAW, Rep. Orn. Specs., 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 14—HENSHAW, An. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., xii, 1874, 6.—Id., An. List Birds Utah, 1872, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 44.—Jd., Rep. Orn. Spees., 1873, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 62, 112.—Cours, U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1874, 156, Zonotrichia leucophrys var. gambeli, COUES, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 145 (in part). Zonotrichia intermedia, YARROW, Rep. Orn. Spees., 1871, Wheeler’s Exped., 1874, 35. Zonotrichia gambelii, Bp., Ives’ Col. Exped., 1857-58, pt. iv, 6.—Id., Birds N. A., 1858, 460.—Ii., U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., ii, pt. ii, 1859, Birds, 15.— HEErm., P. R. R. Rep., x, pt. ii, 1859, 48 (New Mexico; Texas).—KEN- NERLY, P. R. R. Rep., Whipple’s Route, 1859, 28.—HEnry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 107 (New Mexico).—Coop. & SucKu., P. R. R. Rep., xii, pt. ii, 1860, 201—Hayp., Trans. Am. Phil. Soe., xii, 1862, 166.—CoUuEs, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 84 (Fort Whipple, Ariz.).—Id., ib., 1868, 83.—SreEv., U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1870, 464—ALLEN, Bul. Mus. Comp. Zoil., 1872, 177 (Wahsatch Mountains)—Houp., Proce. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xv, 1872, 199.—MERRIAM, U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., 1872, 681. Under the variety intermedia, Mr. Ridgway distinguishes the Middle Province form from the true gambeli as restricted to the Pacific coast. This variety is to be known by its lighter coloration and the chestnut-brown dorsal streaks instead of black. Up to the 10th of May, a few individuals about Denver were seen accompanying flocks of the preceding; but they Y 262 ZOOLOGY—BIRDS. were evidently stragglers, the main body having passed on earlier. None apparently remain to breed, but all pass farther north. Numerous flocks met with in Southern Utah about the first of October, frequenting the neighborhood of small streams. At this time, the preceding species appeared to have departed farther south, as only one specimen was secured ; leucophrys appearing to be replaced by intermedia, which probably winters in the neighborhood of Saint George. This discrepancy between the migrations of these two forms I have noticed each season, and it would appear that the bulk of leucophrys breeds somewhat farther south than the region inhabited in the summer by var. intermedia ; this bird making its appearance in the fall rather later than leucophrys and preceding that species in the northern migration in spring. Notwithstanding the close relationship existing between these two sparrows, and the apparent slightness of the characteristics which distinguish them, I ‘annot but think that they may yet be found to be separate species, and not merely varieties the one of the other. Certainly, the Gambel’s Finch (var. intermedia) can scarcely be held to be merely the western form of leucophrys, since the latter bird in its typical state is known to breed in abundance as far west as the Wahsatch Mountains (Ridgway, Henshaw), and has even been found in spring as far west as the Pacific coast (Cape Saint Lucas), as above referred to, while it seems to me highly probable that the var. intermedia breeds much farther to the eastward than it has yet been recorded, and that thus the summer habitats of the two overlap. Through- out its entire range, leucophrys everywhere retains its peculiarities ; the species when taken at its westernmost limit showing no differences other than indi- vidual from the specimens taken in the East, while from gambeli they are always readily distinguishable. I am not aware that the Gambel’s Finch (var. intermedia) has been found farther East in the breeding-season than the Sierra Nevada, (Ridgway), yet the lateness of its stay in spring (May 11, Denver) seems to preclude the possibility of a journey very far to the northward to find a summer home, and I confidently expect that the two forms will yet be found breeding in the same districts, and retaining each its own distinct traits and characteristics. In fall, it spreads over New Mexico and Arizona generally, and probably winters in the southern portions. PASSERES—FRINGILLIDAE—Z. VAR. INTERMEDIA. 263 The bill of this bird is bright yellow with a trace of dusky only at the tip of upper mandible, while in lewcophrys it is much darker, often dusky throughout. Figures are given of var. gambeli and var. intermedia. No. | Sex. Locality. Date. Collector. Wing.) Tail. | Bill. | Tarsus 174 |g ad. | Panquitch, Utah...... SEP tw 7572 5721 Mi aWigpklenshawece sac | soe aa] eee oes sells ea 172) Ohad! ices doMnseear ean tase COyeroaaa|-sesee Cle cE See a noaddes basa ca seca | eeecel Samer BZ5p | Quien an GO) smoses Soseene|lboco do -.---.)....-. GGyaceebesscsace = S62 =cl\encana||bone ache 173) Qjuns eae GD) Ssecotsiercced| Benee Glue sages eee do. Aedouo4| Loscsc Botoud |ISScod lsadeeses 214 | #jun.} Iron Springs, Utah....| Oct. 3, 1872 ]..---. Ge) 3 Seo Seseocacn aaneeel Seacen| socHeo| base sece ZAGe |e Eh een (10) sora ocoehnces| [Goce CO) ca dece|eeeaee (le) seco cscs cen Wooccs| bsocsollcocesal sess esos 2i2y Oradea do aoe Seq aGl®) sessnalsdoocs GO Sesccemeo Das) Saneod|loeeaca||soaced| sdoosece PGES Gla | eegaec Gl) socoSchoseranl|ssece G0) capaad|esasee do - BCH CES E| baenes| ones |so5coq||Sacdbeor 205) Oyun. 2s ==5 > Ghoeonocsoceess||eadac G0) a5e56||