\ Arefec mae u 7 an W/ Eee Ate, aN | ae KUNGL. SVENSKA VETENSKAPSAKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. Band 58. N:o 9. VG ote 4 \ _ RESULTS Dr. E. MJOBERGS SWEDISH SCIENTIFIC EXPEDITIONS TO AUSTRALIA 1910-1913 XXI. ECHINOIDEA BY DR. TH. MORTENSEN WITH 5 PLATES AND 3 FIGURES IN THE TEXT STOCKHOLM ALMQVIST & WIKSELLS BOKTRYCKERI-A.-B. BERLIN LONDON PARIS R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN WILLIAM WESLEY & SON LIBRAIRIE C, KLINCKSIECK 11 CARLSTRASSE 28 ESSEX STREET. STRAND 11 RUE DE LILLE | _ KUNGL. SVENSKA VETENSKAPSAKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. Band 58. Nio 9. RESULTS Dr. KE. MJOBERGS SWEDISH SCIENTIFIC / EXPEDITIONS AUSTRALIA /1910—1913 XXI. EKCHINOIDEA Dr. TH. MORTENSEN WITH 5 PLATES AND 3 FIGURES IN THE TEXT STOCKHOLM ALMQVIST & WIKSELLS BOKTRYCKERI-A.-B. sh, te * 1%) . 7 Pas ae . \ oo = i _¥ = . " << ‘ in : f ' + | re i ee? ; . — so “ a - a F * fi Maes if ," ai ae way F 2 za. Wy, oe ae ‘ ate Fe a ae + > aS a < ee ee AL) ut y Eres r a > “a x? a eae ~~ =a Sof ee a ts eae = mie, a — os <<, r 7... a 7 oa 7 “ 5 ——e Sed 3 7 a ss ; a 4 i Pe, < - fe) —_ Cant * = - Ss, so a = . 2 a) Nos | ’ os: call a a y ‘ waif - hs oN « . = Fi fi 7 7 ~ & . ; - . =a = ; = 2 4 1 ine te “ot F ts . : — 4 aan , ¥ a j a ‘tm “tm —. -_ so < tee. ; — " a 7" : age Ra) oom > ‘ = : thay i 2S eae? ; ae ee i aint , : 4s — « ais: 2 Sy de F a “Ay 7 ae he collection of Echinoids made by Dr. E. Ms6spera at N. W. Australia (at Cape Jaubert and — a single specimen — at Broome) is only a small one, and partly in poor condition. Nevertheless, it is of considerable interest. While, through the works of D6DERLEIN and H. L. Cuiark, the Echinoid fauna of the 8. W. Austra- lian coast bas been made fairly well known, the Northwestern coast of Australia was till now almost a terra incognita as regards its Echinoid fauna. The information obtained through this collection is, accordingly, of considerable value from a zoogeographical point of view. The more regrettable it is then, that there was not made an extensive collection of the Echinoids there. The absence of any Diadematid, Heliocidaris, Echinometra or Amblypneustes in the collection would seem of the greatest zoogeographical interest. But judging from the whole character of the collection it would be very unwise to base any conclusion upon the absence of such forms. Doubtless some of them, at least, will be found there by a more thorough survey of the fauna. Also quite a number of new forms must be expected from this region. Since there is no less than four new species and one new variety among the total number of fourteen species in the present collection, it may be safely con- cluded that there is still a rich harvest of new forms, especially of small Clypeastrids, Temnopleurids a. 0. to be made at the Northwest Australian coast. The species represented in Dr. Ms6sera’s collection are the following: 1. Phyllacanthus longispinus n. sp. 2. Prionocidaris bispinosa (LAMK.). —— var. elegans n. var. 3. Goniocidaris tubaria (LAMK.). 4. Salmacis spheroides (LINN.). 5. Temnopleurus scalaris n. sp. 6. Temnotrema elegans n. sp. 7. Nudechinus darnleyensis (T. Woops). 8. Heterocentrotus mamillatus (KLEIN). 9. Peronella Lesueuri (VAt.). 10. orbicularis (LESKE). 1 tuberculata n. sp. 12. Echinodiscus auritus LESKE. Fibularia volva Ac. & DeEsor. Breynia australasiae (LEACH). — aaa 4 TH. MORTENSEN, ECHINOIDEA 1. Phyllacanthus longispinus n. sp. Pl) I—I BIS Ti, Hig. 22 Pl V, Bice, There are only two dried specimens of this species, both in rather poor con- dition. One of them (specimen a) is broken in two pieces, but fortunately in such a way that it could be bound together to be photographed (PI. I). The figures of this and the other specimen (b) (Pl. II) convey a good idea of what a magnificent species this is. I. Ambulacra Ambulacra Longest Horiz. Diam. Height. Apical Area Peristome Width No. of plates Width No. of plates Raduioles Specimen a. 85 mm 52 mm 30 mm ? 45 mm 6—7 7 mm 1—2 1057 mm 6) 5 bel 7842 50» 28 » 35 mm 44 (o—=7/ 8 >» 21—22 103 The specimen a is only labelled N.W. Australia, specimen b Cape Jaubert. That both are littoral, is probable, but there is no information about them. It would be interesting to know whether this species, with its immense radioles, is able to conceal itself under rocks and in crevices in the same way as Ph. parvispinus, which is found in such places, often in places so narrow, that one cannot help wondering how it could get there with its big, clumsy spines. The very long primary radioles are fairly slender, very nearly cylindrical, only slightly attenuated towards the point, which is fluted as usually in Phyllacanthus. They are finely striated-tuberculated, the tubercles being distinctly serially arranged. The adoral radioles are somewhat clubshaped (PI. 11). The ambulacral marginal spines are thin and cylindrical with merely an indication of a flattening at the tip, differing considerably from the distinctly widened and flattened marginal ambulacral spines of the other species of this genus. The small spinelets covering the apical area and the median space of the ambulacra and interambulacra are quite short, thick, as is usual in this genus. The median ambulacral area is occupied by four rows of small spines (tubercles) in specimen b; in specimen a there are only quite exceptionally more than two rows of small spines in the median area, which thus looks less crowded than in the other specimen. The median interambulacral area is fairly broad. Apical area. The ocular plates are all widely separated from the anal area. The genital pore is on the top of a very conspicuous conical elevation (PI. III, Fig. 2); the spines on it are quite small, as are those on the middle of the genital plate. The elevation is thus not produced by larger spines surrounding the genital ope- ning, as is the case in Phyllacanthus magnificus H. L. CLarx. In the other species of the genus there is no such elevation. It is somewhat more conspicuous in speci- men b than in specimen a, but it is quite distinct also in the latter specimen. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 58. N:0o 9. a) Nothing can be said of the character of the peristome, only a very small frag- ment of it being left in specimen b. The large globiferous pedicellariae appear to be numerous on the peristome: there are several of them on the few peristomial plates left in specimen b. They differ somewhat from those of Ph. imperialis (see DODERLUIN, Japanische Seeigel, I. Cidaridae u. Saleniidae. 1887. Taf. IX, Fig. 7d), both in shape and in being much more serrate along the edges of the blade (Pl. V, Fig. 15). The stalk is twice as long as the head, without a limb. The tridentate and the small globiferous pedi- cellariae do not differ from those of Ph. imperialis. Color dark violet, radioles uniformly gray. That this is a distinct species is evident enough. The great length of the radioles makes it very conspicuous among the species hitherto known of this genus. The slender ambulacral spines, the elevations on which the genital pores are situated, as well as the characters of the large globiferous pedicellariae, and also the small number of interambulacral plates, constitute a series of characters by which this species is easily distinguished from all the other species of the genus Phyllacanthus (viz. the species imperialis, parvispinus, magnificus' and Thomasii).2. The number of coronal plates alone is sufficient to show that it has no nearer relation to the species magnificus and Thomasii; from imperialis, which has also only 6 coronal interambula- eral plates, it is very easily distinguished by the characters of the radioles and the marginal ambulacral spines, as also by the elevation on the genital plates and the shape of the large globiferous pedicellariae. Finally from Ph. parvispinus, which I am inclined to regard as a distinct species, it differs, besides in the characters of the radioles, ambulacral spines and genital plates, in a very marked way in the characters of the large globiferous pedicellariae; these are in parvispinus very numer- ous, on both the test and the peristome, and very short-stalked, the stalk being only half the length of the head, and the valves are quite different in shape with a much larger glandular cavity (Pl. V, Fig. 21). There are thus no less than three distinct species of the genus Phyllacanthus living along the coasts of Australia. ‘HH. L. Crark, The Echinoderms of the Western Australian Museum. Records W.A. Museum. [. 1914, Do) ats TA NO * A. Acassiz & H. L. Cuark, Hawaiian and other Pacific Echini. ‘The Cidaridae. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. Vol. XXXIV, 1907, p. 15. Pls. 5, 1—17, 26, s5—s and 27—30. (=r) TH. MORTENSEN, ECHINOIDEA. 2. Prionocidaris bispinosa (LAaMK.). Pl. UI, Fig. 1. Cidarites bispinosa. Lamarck. 1816. Hist. nat. des animaux sans vertébres. II, p. 57. Phyllacanthus annulifera. A. AGassiz. 1872—73. Rev. of the Echini, p. 150, 387. Pl. Ie. Figs. 21—26. Rhabdocidaris bispinosa, De Luror, 1873. Description de trois espéces d’Kchinides. Mém. Soc. Sc. nat. Neuchatel V, p. 33. PI. V. annulifera, Beprord. 1900. On Echinoderms from Singapore and Malakka. Proc. Zool. Soch ps 24) (PIX XIE” Wigsayl ade Leiocidaris bispinosa, Diperiein. 1902. Bericht tiber die v. Herrn Prof. Semon bei Amboina u. Thurs- day Isl. ges. Echinoidea. Jen. Denkschr. VIII p. 695. Taf. LVI. Fig. 5- 11. Stephanocidaris bispinosa. TH. Morvensen. 1903. »Ingolf» Kchinoidea I. p. 17, 19, 28, 172. Pl. X. Fig. 17. 1904. The Danish Expedition to Siam. Echinoidea I. Mém. Acad. R. d. Se. Copenhague. 7 Sér. 1, p. 6. Pl. II, Figs. 3, 17, 18; Pl. IV, Fig. 30; Pl. V, Figs. 20, 25. Cidaris (Stephanocidaris) bispinosa. De Mrtsern. 1904. Die Kchinoidea d. »Siboga»-Expedition. »Siboga»- Expeditie. XLII, p. 4, Taf. Il, 4; Taf. II, 14. Stephanocidaris bispinosa. Diverueinx. 1906. Die Echinoiden d. deutschen Tiefsee-Exped., p. 92. Tat. 44 Mion eae Phyllacanthus annulifera, A. Acassiz’& H. L. Crark. 1907. Hawaiian a. o. Pacific Echini. The Cidaridae. Mem. Mus. C. Z. 34, p. 15. Pl. XII, b. Figs. 14—15. > H. L. Cuarx. 1907. The Cidaridae. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 51, p. 188. Plococidaris bispinosa. lu. Mortensen. 1909. Die Echinoiden d. deutschen Siidpolar-Exped. Deutsche Siidp. Exp. 1901—3. Bd. XI. Zoologie Il, p. 50, 53. Prionocidaris bispinosu. Diper.ein. 1911. Uber Echinoidea vy. den Aru-Inseln. Abh. d. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges. Bd. 34, p. 240. Taf. IX, Fig. 1—2. Phyllacanthus annulifera. ToL. Cuarx. 1914. The Echinoderms of the Western Australian Museum. Rec. W. A. Museum. I, p. 161. Prionocidaris bispinosa. Doverueis. 1914. Echinoidea. Fauna Siidwest Australiens. Ergebn. d. Ham- burger Sidw. Austr. Forschungsreise. 1905, p. 451. Of this species there are three fine, large, dried specimens, labelled Cape Jau- bert, and a fourth in alcohol, labelled 45 Miles W.S.W. of Cape Jaubert, 24—27 meters (3—14/V1I. 1911). They must be referred to the forma typica, on account of the character of their radioles. They are all very conspicuously coloured, deep red-brown, both on the secondary spines and on the collar of the radioles. The few radioles, which are not completely covered with foreign organisms, show that they are banded with red-brown bands. Also the test is exceptionally coloured, of a deep violet color, especially in the ambulacral areas and on the apical area. A very conspicuous feature is the widened, crownshaped tip of the actinal radioles (Pl. II], Fig. 1). None of the specimens have large globiferous pedicellariae. Besides these larger specimens there is a small one (Pl. IV, Fig. 3), also from 45 Miles W.S.W. of Cape Jaubert, 24-27 meters, which is peculiar through its very short radioles, the longest being only 22 mm, and those of the aboral side (the fully formed, of course) only 13—15 mm. (The horizontal] diameter of the specimen is 28 mm.) The adoral radioles are crownshaped widened as in the typical ‘form. The secondary spines are white, with a sharply limited red-brown midline. The test is white. The ocular plates are almost naked, while the genital plates are rather closely covered with spines. All this, combined with the rather broad, naked ambula- eral midline, results in a quite unusual and most exquisite coloration. KUNGL. SV VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 58. N:o 9. 7 In this specimen a single large globiferous pedicellaria was found, with a beautiful limb on the stalk and the valves of the typical structure, without endtooth, as figured by D6pERtLEIN (Kchinoidea d. deutschen Tiefsee-Exped. Taf. 44, fig. 4g, h). This specimen looks so different from the typical from as well as from any of the varieties hitherto described, that it seems quite justifiable to make a new variety of it, in spite of the scanty material. In fact, the characters, more especially the very short radioles, would seem rather to indicate that it represents a separate species. But, so long as no more material is available, it is evidently preferable to regard it only as a new variety of this very variable species. I shall name it var. elegans n. var. It should be mentioned that under the spines surrounding the base of one of the radioles was found a small white Planarian, Whether this is a case of symbiosis or the Planarian came there more accidentally, can, of course, not be decided from the present material alone. It may be useful to give here a summary of the history of the name of this species, which has caused such unusual trouble to Echinologists. The reason for all the trouble lies in the fact that A. AGassiz referred the name bispinosa of LAMARCK to quite another species than that to which Lamarck applied the name Cidarites bispinosa, and then gave such an imperfect description of his species that nobody could recogn‘ze it therefrom. It was only after H. L. Cuarxk (in A. Acassiz & H. L. CrarRK: Hawaiian a. o. pacific Echini. The Cidaridae) had reexamined the type- specimen of Agassiz Stephanocidaris bispinosa and pointed out some new, important characters, that it became evident that the Cidarites bispinosa of LAMARCK and the Stephanocidaris bispinosa of AGASsiz were two quite different species. For the latter DépeERLEIN (Uber Echinoidea v. d. Aru-Inseln, p. 242) proposed the name Priono- cidaris Agassizi, after having pointed out that the name Stephanocidaris was only a Synonym of Goniocidaris. The true Cidarites bispinosa of LAMARCK has hitherto been tenaciously named Phyllacanthus annulifera by H. L. CuarKk, as was done by AGassiz in his >» Revision of the Echini». In my »Ingolf Echinoidea» I, p. 172, I pointed out, after having examined the type-specimens in the Paris-Museum, that LAMARoK’s annulifera is identical with the species figured by De Lorton (Description de trois espéces d’Hchi- nides app. a la fam. des Cidaridées 1873, Pl. III) as Cidaris annulifera LAMARCK, while the Phyllacanthus annulifera of AGassiz is the Cidarites bispinosa of LAMARCK. To this CLark objects (The Cidaridae, 1907 p. 189) that »A. AGassiz examined all of LAMARCK’s types some forty years ago and satisfied himself that the present species (viz. Prionocidaris bispinosa (LAMK.) is LAMARCK’s annulifera. In a disagreement such as this it is obvious that the earlier investigation is the one least liable to error, for there had been considerably less time for a chance confusion of labels or specimens. » In the paper quoted above DODERLEIN gives a fair representation of the reasons against CLARK’s view, which I need not repeat here, and finally in his paper on the Echinoidea in »Die Fauna Siidwest-Australiens> D6DERLEIN states that »nunmehr auch H. L, Crark, wie er mir brieflich mitteilte, sich hat iiberzeugen lassen, dass 8 TH. MORTENSEN, ECHINOIDEA. es diese Art ist, der mit Recht der Lamarcxk’sche Name bispinosa zukommt». Unfor- tunately this conviction came so late that Crark still uses the name Phyllacanthus annulifera for this species in his paper on the Western Australian Echinoderms, published in the same year, 1914, as was DODERLEIN’s paper. In his »Report on the Sea-Lilies, Starfishes, Brittle-Stars and Sea-Urchins obtained by the F. I. 8. »Endeavour»> on the coasts of Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Western Australia>’ H. L. CLARK appears to have finally accepted the interpretation of these species maintained by DODERLEIN and myself, and also the limitation of the genus Phyllacanthus maintained by us. In the same time he points out, that the Stephanocidaris bispinosa of AGASSIZ is identical with the Phyllacanthus australis of Ramsay, the species having thus to be named Prionocidaris australis (RAMSAY), the name Pr. Agassizi DODERLEIN becoming a synonym of it. In my »Echinoiden d. deutschen Siidpolar-Exped.« I established the genus Plococidaris for the two species bispinosa (LAMCK.) and verticillata (LamcK.). DODER- LEIN (Ech. d. Aru-Inseln, p. 242) objects that the character of the presence or absence of spots on the collar of the radioles, which is the only essential mark of distinction between Prionocidaris and Plococidaris, is too insufficient for generic distinc- tion. I agree that it is an unessential character, but then it is a fact that among the Cidarids apparently trivial differences in the radioles do afford very important characters for the distinction of the genera (e. g. Calocidaris). In any case the species bispinosa and verticillata form a separate group within the genus Prionocidaris, and it is then rather a matter of convenience, whether we will regard such group as a separate genus or not. If the var. elegans should prove to form a separate species, that would be additional reason for keeping this group of species as a sepa- rate genus or, at least, subgenus. For the present, however, I think it unnecessary to maintain the genus Plococidaris, and agree with D6OpERLEIN in referring also the species bispinosa and verticillata to the genus Prionocidaris. Herewith we have evidently at length come to an agreement and — it may be expected — a final settlement of these vexating nomenclatural questions. The species of the two genera Phyllacanthus and Prionocidaris are then the following. Phyllacanthus BRANDT. Genotype: imperialis (LaMcK.) (Syn. dubia BRanpt). Other species: tenuispinus Woops; Thomasii A. Ac. & H. L. CLarK; : magnificus H. L. CuarK; longispinus MRTSN, Prionocidaris A. AGASSIZ. Genotype: baculosa (LamcK.), with var. annulifera (LAMCK.). Other species: bispinosa (LAMoK.) (non A. AG.); australis (RAMSAY) (syn. bispinosa A. Ac., Agassizi DORBRLEIN); hawaiiensis (A. Ac. & H. 1Bp CiarK); glandulosa (DE MrtsER®E); verticillata (I.AMCK.). ‘ Biological Results of the Fishing Experiments carried on by the I’. I. S. »Endeayour» 1909—14. Vol. LVe Part 1. LOUG sp. 96-08" KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 58. N:0 J. 9 3. Goniocidaris tubaria (LAMARCK). Pl. IV, Figs 1—2. Goniocidaris tubaria. A. AGassiz. 1872. Revision of Echini, p. 131, 397, Pl. Ic. 9—14, I. e. 32—36. > » DéperLern. 1887. Die Japanischen Seeigel. I. Cidarida p. 27, Taf. IX. 9. a—e. > > H. L. Cuarx. 1907. The Cidaridae, p. 198, PI. X. 5, Pl. XI. > > H. L. Crark. 1909. Scientific Results of the Trawling Exped. of H. M. C. S. > Thetis». Echinodermata. Mem. Austral. Mus. IV, p. 553. > > H. L. Cuark. 1914. The Echinoderms of the Western Australian Museum, p. 162. > > Doéperuein. 1914. Echinoidea. Fauna Siidwest Australiens, p. 453. There are two dried specimens of this species from Cape Jaubert, both in poor condition, evidently found on the beach. In one of them (PI. IV, Fig. 2) only some of the upper radioles are preserved; they are of a beautiful violet colour, with a double row of spines and flattened at the tip. This specimen has quite a number of large globiferous pedicellaria on the apical area. The other (Pl. IV, Fig. 1) has the radioles thorny all round and not flattened at the tip. Evidently this species is highly variable, especially as regards the shape of its radioles. Perhaps a better material will prove that it is not really all one species. 4. Salmacis sphaeroides (Linné). Salmacis sphaeroides. Dépervein. 1902. Echinoidea vy. Amboina u. Thursday Isl., p. 716, Taf. LXIIL. Fig. 1—4. » » Tu. Mortensen. 1904. Siam-Echinoidea, I, p. 70, Pl. V, 23, Pl. VI, 1, 11, 41. » » H. L. Cuarx. 1914. The Echinoderms of the W. Austr. Museum, p. 164. One single, dried specimen, h. d. 56, v. d. 32. The sutural pores are very obsolete, hardly discernible. The globiferous pedi- cellaria contain bihamate spicules, sometimes in great numbers. Also in the tube feet spicules are fairly numerous. — Otherwise there is nothing specially noticeable in this specimen, 5. Temnopleurus scalaris n. sp. Pl. IV, Figs. 7—9; Pl. V, Figs. 8, 14, 17. There are two specimens of this interesting new species, one in alcohol, but in no very good condition, from 45 miles W. 8S. W. off Cape Jaubert, 27 meters (3/VII. 1911), the other a naked test, without the apical system, and unlabelled — evidently found on the beach. — The measurements of the two specimens are as follows. Width of Number of plates Height Diameter of test Apical area Peristome Ambulacra I. Ambulaca Ambulacra I. Ambulacra 1.(in aleohol) 26 mm 45 mm 8 mm 13 mm 11 mm 16 mm 39—40 28—29 2 (dry) 25 > 45» ges 13 > Lie 16» 39—40 26—27 K. Sy. Vet. Akad. Handl. Band 58. N:o 9. 2 10 TH. MORTENSEN, ECHINOIDEA. Test regularly arched on the aboral side, flattened on the oral side. Ambulacra with a primary tubercle on each plate, forming a regular series close along the pore area. Inside the primary tubercle another tubercle appears from about the 10th—12th plate from above, at first irregularly, not on every plate, and at the median edge of the plate. Farther downwards this tubercle approaches the middle of the plate forming a more regular series, and towards the ambitus there is thus formed an inner series of tubercles, nearly as regular as that formed by the primary tubercles, and the secondary tubercles are here slightly larger than the primary ones. At the am- bitus again another series of small tubercles appears at the median edge of the plates, forming a short irregular median series; a few of them nearly reach the size of the primary tubercles. Some few miliary tubercles are found, mainly along the upper edge of the plates. The pore zone is rather broad, naked or, below the am- bitus, with a few miliary tubercles. The triplets of pores are oblique, straight. The sutural grooves are well defined, broad, reaching from the median line to the base of the primary tubercle. Towards the ambitus, by and by as the secondary tubercles grow larger, the groove is narrowed by them and at the ambitus so much so, that the edges of the groove join and the groove is thus divided in two, a larger part from the median line to the secondary series of tubercles and a small part between the secondary and the primary series. Below the ambitus this outer part of the groove disappears. At the median end the groove suddenly deepens into a deep distinctly limited hole. Interambulacra. The tubercles form a distinct transverse series of four, some- times five, at the ambitus, the number gradually diminishing towards the peristome and towards the apical system. The primary tubercles do not exceed the other tubercles in size, except in the proximal and distal part of the area. Some few miliary tubercles occur at the distal edge of the plates, especially one to each side of the primary tubercle; a slight elevation proceeds from their base towards the primary tubercle, which gives some impression of a radiation from the latter. The crenulation of the tubercles, even the smaller ones, in both areas is fine, but distinct. The grooves of the interambulacra are well defined, very broad, the inner ones reaching from the median edge, where they terminate in a small, but sharply defined, deep cut, to the base of the primary tubercle, and the outer ones, in the same way reach from the outer edge of the area to the base of the primary tubercle, the two grooves being separated here only by a very narrow bridge. The secondary tubercles tend to narrow the grooves, and just below the ambitus this narrowing goes so far that the edges actually join, and the groove is divided, the outer in two, the inner in three parts, so that we have here a series of 5 small, distinct grooves along each horizontal suture. Nearer the peristome the intermediate grooves gradually disappear, only the inner and the outer groove remaining, and on the 2—3 plates nearest the peristome also the inner pore has disappeared. Along the border between the ambu- lacral and interambulacral plates there is a series of quite small pores, four to each interambulacral plate, situated in the angles of the components of the ambulacral plates. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 58. N:o 9. 11 Although very broad in themselves the sutural grooves are made to look even much broader through the coloration of the test. The ground colour is dark violet, the grooves white. But then a white line of the same width as the groove continues from each groove along the middle of the opposite plate unto the tubercle adjoining the primary one, the dark violet colour being confined to the edges of the grooves, where it occupies a band hardly as wide as the groove. This gives the impression that the groove goes across the whole median part of the area, from primary tubercle to primary tubercle, and the test gets a most peculiar ladder-like appearance, to which the species name scalaris refers. The apical system does not present any conspicuous features. The ocular plates are all exsert. There is a series of tubercles along the inner edge of the genital plates, making a complete circle round the anal area. The genital pores are rather large. The plates of the periproct are small, the anal plate hardly discernible. The peristome is entirely naked, without pedicellariae or spines on the buccal plates. Inside the buccal plates it contains numerous small fenestrated plates. The spines are of a red-violet colour, not banded. The colour is lighter at the base and the very tip whitish. The spines near the peristome are flattened and a little widened towards the point, very slightly curved. The spines are all very short, only ca. 5 mm long. Nearly all of them have a curious appearance; from a sharply limited ring about the middle of the spine it becomes distinctly thinner and lighter coloured. This is due to the fact that they have been broken and regene- rated. Sometimes they have been broken and regenerated twice. Either the spines of this species must be exceptionally brittle, or this specimen must have been exposed to an unusually rough treatment during life. Pedicellariae. The globiferous pedicellariae (Pl. V, Fig. 17) have no Jateral teeth, only a small knob-shaped prominence below the endtooth. The corners of the basal part are not prominent. The glands are double, as usual in the Temno- pleurids. Tridentate pedicellariae were not found. The ophicephalous pedicellariae (Pl. V, Fig. 14) are deeply sinuate along the edge of the blade. The triphyllous pedicellariae (PI. V, Fig. 8) present no characteristic features. The spicules are typical bihamate, very scarce in the tubefeet, rather numerous in the gills. The peristomial membrane hardly contains a single spicule and also the internal organs are devoid of spicules. The present species is very distinct from any other species of 7'emnopleurus hitherto described and does not appear to be closely related to any of them. While in the case of several species it is almost a matter of convenience, whether they should be referred to the genus Temnopleurus or to Salmacis, there can be no doubt about the generic position of the present species. It is a typical T’emnopleurus. In his paper on the Echinoderms of the Western Australian Museum H. L. Clark mentions a pair of specimens, bare tests, of a Temnopleurus, which he thinks represents a new species. He gives no description, except of the colour, which is dull green, with the median ambulacral and interambulacral areas cream-coloured. Judging there- 12 TH. MORTENSEN, ECHINOIDEA. from they cannot be identical with the present species. There must thus, evidently, occur at least two species of Temnopleurus along the West Coast of Australia. 6. Temnotrema elegans n. sp. Pl. IV, Figs. 4—6; Pl. V, Fig. 3. This species is closely related to Temnotrema decorum D6ODERLEIN (Pleurechinus bothryoides aut.), with which it agrees especially in the important feature of having a pair of lateral teeth below the endtooth on the blade of the globiferous pedicellariae. Also the structure of the test is so much alike that no quite distinct difference between the two species can be pointed out herein. Judging from the material of the two species available (I have only a single specimen of 7’. decorum, 18 mm has while the largest specimen of the new species is 15 mm h. d.) the grooves are some- Figures 1—2. Apical system of Temnotrema decorum (Fig. 1) and Temnotrema elegans (Fig. 2). Both figures !°/1. what smaller in elegans than in decorum. It also appears that the secondary ambula- cral tubercles are comparatively somewhat larger in decorum, the series remaining quite distinct nearly to the edge of the peristome, while in 7’. elegans they disappear soon below the ambitus. The triplets of pores form arcs, slightly concave outwards as in 7’. decorum. More distinct characters are found in the apical system. It is distinctly elevated above the level of the test, only a very small outer part of the genital and ocular plates being at a level with the upper part of the test, sharply limited against the thickened inner part of these plates. In 7’. decorum this limit is not nearly so sharp, and the outline of the thickened part is different, as seen by a comparison of the two textfigures 1—2. The outer part of these plates is darker coloured than the inner thickened part. The periproct is somewhat smaller in elegans and the anal plates fewer and slightly larger than in 7’. decorum. The peristome is entirely naked, KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 58. N:o 9. 13 except for a narrow ring of small, fenestrated plates along the inner border, inside the buccal plates, which are small and rounded. Otherwise the peristomial mem- brane contains rather numerous bihamate spicules of somewhat elongate shape (Text- fig. 3). At the base of the gills there are some delicate, very wide-meshed fene- strated plates. The gills otherwise contain only few bihamate spicules. The colour of the test is quite different in the two species. While in 7’. deco- rum it is uniformly olivegreen, it is in 7’. elegans greenish-white, the pore-areas beautifully pinkish. The spines are whitish, with mostly three narrow bands of a a violet-red colour, the outer one the largest and most intensely coloured; \— ~ this coloration is conspicuously different from that of 7’. decorum, which has the spines banded with intense scarlet bands. The spines near the peristome are flattened and distinctly widened at the tip; y in 7’. decorum this character is much less conspicuous. In structural ~~ J characters the spines are otherwise alike in the two species. Fig. 3. Spicules from - ' 6 é the peristomial mem- The pedicellariae. As stated already the globiferous pedicella- jrane of emnotrema elegans. 77/1. riae (Pl. V, Fig. 3) are like those of 7. decorum, having a pair of distinct lateral teeth below the endtooth; sometimes there may even be two teeth on one side. They are generally quite numerous. ‘Tridentate pedicellariae were not found. The ophicephalous and triphyllous pedicellariae do not differ from those of 7’. decorum. Spicules are very scarce in the tubefeet as well as in the inner organs. They are of the same slender, bihamate type as those of the peristome. There are 7 specimens from 45 miles W.S.W. of Cape Jaubert, 27 meters (29/VI. 1911). One of them is somewhat lighter coloured than the rest, but other- wise all agree closely in all the features characteristic of the species. The differences between the present species and 7’. decorum are, certainly, not very important; still they appear to be quite constant, so that it can hardly be doubted that we have here a distinct, well defined species. However, it is desirable to have it compared with specimens of 7’. decorum of a corresponding small size. The largest specimen has the following measurements. Height 9,5 mm. Diameter 15 mm. Apical system 3,5 mm, Peristome 6 mm. Ambulacral plates 21. Interamb. plates 17. 7. Nudechinus darnleyensis (Woops). Echinus darnleyensis Texison Woops. 1878. The Echini of Australia. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Tip: 165. Gymnechinus » Ta. Mortensen. Ingolf Echinoidea, I, p. 110, 136. » > De Mevere. »Siboga»-Kchinoidea, p. 89, Taf. XVII, Fig. 275—6, Pl. XXI, Figs. 1.1235) 36: » » Tu. Morrensen. Siam-Echinoidea, I, p. 117. Nudechinus — » H. L. Cuarx. Hawaiian a. o. Pacific Echini. The Pedinidae, ... and Echino- metridae. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., Vol. XXXIV, N:o 4, 1912, p. 277. A single small specimen, 6 mm in diameter, from 45 Miles W.S.W. of Cape Jaubert, 20 M. (10/VII. 1911). 14 TH. MORTENSEN, ECHINOIDEA. Although I have no small specimens of darnleyensis for comparison, I have very little doubt that the present specimen really belongs to this species. At least it is very closely related to this species, and from the material available no diffe- rences can be pointed out. ‘Tridentate pedicellariae are not found in this specimen. 8. Heterocentrotus mamillatus (Kier). Heterocentrotus mamillatus. A. Acassiz. 1872—73. Revision of the Kchini, p. 135, 428, Pl. III. ec, Pl. XXVI, Figs. 1—2, 14. Pl. XXVIII, Fig. 8. De Lorton. 1883. Catalogue raisonné des Echinod. rec. ... a Vile Maurice. Mém. Soc. de phys. et dhist. nat. de Généve, XXVIII, p. 35. > » Tu. Mortensen. 1903. Ingolf-Echinoidea, I, p. 129. De Meiere. 1904. Siboga-Echinoidea, p. 102. » > H. L. Cuark. 1912. Hawaiian a. o. Pacific Echini. The Pedinidae... and Echinometridae, p. 378, Pl. 115—117. One dried specimen, labelled Cape Jaubert. 9. Peronella Lesueuri (VAt.) Pl. V, Fig. 25. Laganum Lesueuri. L. AGassiz. 1841. Monographie d’Kchinod. vivans et fossiles. II. Des Scutelles, p: 116, -Lab: 424 Kies 3—6: Peronella decagonalis. A. AGAssiz. 1873. Revision of the Echini, p. 521, Pl. XIII. e, Figs. S—10. Laganum Lesueuri. De Merere. 1904. Siboga-Echinoidea, p. 122, Taf. VI, Fig. 63, 67, 70, Taf. XVIII, Fig. 329—333. Peronella » H. L. Cuarx. 1914. Hawaiian a. other Pacific Echini. The Clypeastridae... Mem. Mus. C. Zool. Vol. XLVI, p. 53, Pl. 124, Figs. 23—24. Laganum > Dopertem. 1914. Echinoidea; Fauna Siidwest Australiens, p. 490. Peronella aphnostina H. L. Crark. 1914. Echinoderms W. Austr. Museum, p. 167, Pl. XXIV. Two large specimens, 130 mm long, labelled only West Australia 1911.. They are of the typical shape, as figured in Tab. 24, fig. 3—4 in L. AGassiz’ Monograph. Like H. L. Crark I do not find the component rods of the miliary spines quite so abruptly widened as Dre MerteErReE figures them. Concerning the pedicellariae I would remark that the larger tridentate form (Pl. V, Fig. 25) appears to me some- what more slender than figured by H. L. Cuarx, and there is a rather long slit downwards from the outer widened part, while H. L. Ciarx figures the narrow tubeformed part as closed up to where the widening begins. Ophicephalous pedicel- lariae were not found. The Peronella aphnostina of H. L. CLARK seems to me untenable as a separate species. The differences in the shape of the test seem hardly sufficient for distin- ' The name Peronella is taken here in the sense of H. lL. Crark, comprising the Laganids with 4 genital pores, those with 5 pores being referred to the genus Laganum. I would say, however, that I do not feel convinced that this difference in the number of the genital pores corresponds to the natural relationship ot the Laganid species. But it is practical and may be very conveniently used, until it has been proved that it is artificial and thus without generic value. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 58. N:0 9. 15 guishing characters in view of the fact that this species is otherwise very variable in outline (granting that the authors are right in uniting into one species both Lesu- euri, elongatum AG. and rostratum Ac. — I have not critically examined these forms myself). Other distinguishing characters are not pointed out by Crark. It also appears that a main reason for the establishing of a new species on this form was the fact that P. Lesueuri had till then not been found on the West Australian coast. On one of the specimens was found a Polynoid’ among the spines near the periproct. To this species I refer provisionally a small specimen 25 mm long, from 45 miles W.S.W. of Cape Jaubert, 47 m. (12/VII. 1811) (Pl. IV, Fig. 12). It differs from the typical form in having the edge of the test somewhat thickened, the petals wider within and very distinctly narrowed at their outer end. The colour is redbrown. It is stated to have been redbrown with a greenish tint, when alive. Numerous ophicephalous pedicellariae are found on this specimen, but not one tridentate pedicellaria of the peculiar form occurring in the large, typical specimens could be found. The triphyllous pedicellariae have the blade slightly less widened than is the case in the typical form. The spines do not present marked differences from those of the typical form. A naked test (the apical system and genital pores lacking) from nearly the same locality (48 miles W.S.W. of Cape Jaubert, 26 meters, 15/VII 1911) apparently belong to this same variety, only the petals being still a little wider. It is quite probable that this form will ultimately prove to represent a distinct species. With the material available it is, however, impossible to come to a definite conclusion. Upon the whole I would say that I am by no means convinced that all the different forms referred to P. Lesueurt by De Meisere really are only one species. But a very large material will be necessary for deciding the question. 10. Peronella orbicularis (LusKer). Laganum orbiculare. L. Agassiz. 1841. Monogr. des Nchinodermes vivans et fossiles. II. Des Scutelles, p. 120,.Tab. 22; Fig. 16—20. > > De Meere. 1904. Siboga-Echinoidea, p. 126, Taf. VI, Fig. 69, 73—75, Taf. XVI, Fig. 335—339. Peronella orbicularis. H. L. Chark. 1914. Hawaiian a. o. Pacific Echini. The Clypeastridae p. 52. To this species I refer provisionally two specimens from 45 miles W.S.W. of Cape Jaubert, 18—20 m. (10—16/VII. 1911). They differ from the typical form, as described by Dr Metsmre, in the miliary spines being not oblique. Only triphyllous and ophicephalous pedicellariae are found. A pair of naked tests from the same locality appear to belong to the same species. ' Mr. Hy. Dirtevsen informs me that it is apparently a Gastrolepidia, so far as can be seen by a quite cursory examination. 16 TH. MORTENSEN, ECHINOIDEA. There can hardly be any doubt that this form is nearly related to P. orbi- cularis; but it is quite possible that it will prove to be a new species. To solve this question definitely would require a much larger material than that at my disposal and also it would necessitate a very detailed study of the whole family of the Laganidae which I cannot undertake at present and to which the scanty material from this Expedition has no reasonable claim. 11. Peronella tuberculata n. sp. Pl. IV, Figs. 10—11; Pl. V, Figs. 4, 6, 7, 11, 23, 24, 26. One specimen from Broome, the beach, just below low-water mark. The mea- surements are as follows. Length 43 mm. Width 41mm. Height 7mm. Petaloid area 25 mm. Distance from middle of periproct to posterior edge 7 mm. The edge of the test is slightly thickened. Oral side slightly concave. Am- bulacral furrows distinct more than halfway towards the edge. Apical area slightly elevated. The petals not very broad, widest in the middle, nearly closed at the outer end; 51—54 pore pairs. The four genital pores close to the apical area. Anal area naked, somewhat sunk; it is slightly transversely elongated. The oral side carries numerous glassy tubercles, which are very conspicuous towards the thickened edge and near the peristome, where they form a short, distinct radiating line in the midline of each interradius. In the middle part of the interradii they are otherwise very scarce, and at the edge there are none. They are of very different size; some of them are nearly twice the size of the primary tubercles, the smallest only the size of the miliary tubercles. On the aboral side there are numerous small, glassy tubercles along the thickened edge, but none farther up. The spines, both primary and miliary, are very scarce on the oral side, except along the edge of the peristome and towards the edge of the test. On the aboral side the spine covering is dense as usually in these forms. The primary spines of the oral side (PI. V, Fig. 26) are 2 mm long, very slender, slightly serrate, and with a distinct, a little, curved, glassy point. Those of the aboral side (Pl. V, Fig. 24) are only 0,5 mm long, somewhat fusiform, without a glassy point. None of the primary spines on the edge of the test are preserved, so that nothing can be said about their structure. The miliary spines are 0,3—0,4 mm long; the point is not much widened, the margin of the expanded component rods rather coarsely dentate. The radial plates of the crown are not serrate in the edge (Pl. V, Fig. 23). The pedicellariae. A type of pedicellariae quite unique in the family of the Laganidae is found in this species, on the oral side, namely a five-valved pedicel- laria (Pl. V, Figs. 4, 6). The largest ones found are 0,3 mm (length of head) ; there is no neck. The blade is slightly concave, the outer part without holes, the edge irregularly serrate; the apophysis, and, upon the whole, the basal part is more or less irregular. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 58. N:0 9. 17 Besides this form the usual triphyllous pedicellariae are found (PI. V, Fig. 11) and small tridentate, 0,1 mm length of head (Pl. V, Fig. 7). Ophicephalous pedi- cellariae are not found. This species is so well characterized by the combination of characters described and by the exceptional feature of the five-valved pedicellariae that there can be no doubt of its specific validity, even though there is only a single, not very finely preserved specimen in hand. 12. Echinodiscus auritus LrEsKnr. Pl. V, Figs. 1, 5, 9, 10. ! Lobophora aurita. L. AGassiz. 1841. Monogr. des Echinod. vivans et fossiles. II. Des Scutelles, p. 70, Tab. 14, Fig. 3. Echinodiscus auritus. A. Acassiz. 1873. Revision of the Echini, p. 531, Pl. XII c, Figs. 1—2. > > Dépertew. 1902. Echinoidea ... Amboina u. Thursday Isl., p. 722, Taf. LXY, Fig. 1—3. > De Mewere. 1914. Siboga-Echinoidea, p. 138, Taf. XIX, Fig. 566—368. » > H. L. Cuark. 1914. Hawaiian a. o. Pacific Echini. The Clypeastridae, p. 71, PSL 5-shigsm 910: Two specimens, labelled only West Australia, 1911; one of them measures 130 mm in length, 120 mm in width, the other, which is very much broken, measures 110 mm in length. The shape of both specimens agrees with that figured by D6- DERLEIN (Op. cit., Pl. LXV, Fig. 1). It may be mentioned that both specimens have a very distinct, white-tipped anal proboscis. While De MetereE mentions small tridentate and triphyllous (?) pedicellariae as occurring in this species, H. L. Crark states these pedicellariae to be bidentate and biphyllous. (The figure 368, Tab. XIX of Dre Metsern would also seem to be a bidentate pedicellaria.) The two specimens in hand have no bivalved pedicellariae; they are all three-valved. This remarkable difference in the pedicellariae would appear to indicate that there are two different species included in the Hchinodiscus auritus as presently circumscribed. Whether these will perhaps prove to correspond to the forms distinguished by the older authors as Echinodiscus (Lobophora) bifissa and aurita must remain an open question as yet. In any case specimens with bi-valved pedicellariae should be critically examined and compared with such as have three-valved pedicellariae. The tridentate pedicellariae are quite conspicuous, reaching a size of 0,4 mm length of head. They are rather different in shape. In one form (PI. V, Figs. 1, 5) the valves are strongly serrate in the outer part, with no serrations in the lower part; they recall the valve figured by CLarK, which has, however, only some small serrations at the point. The other form (PI. V, Fig 9) looks more like the one figured by Dr Metsere. The triphyllous pedicellariae (Pl. V, Fig. 10) are rather K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Band 58. Nizo 9. 3 18 TH. MORTENSEN, ECHINOIDEFA. different from that figured by CLarK, as seen by a comparison of the figures. Ophi- cephalous pedicellariae were not found. The spines are of the structure described and figured by Dr Metsmr®, except that the miliary spines of the aboral side are somewhat more closely and finely serrate at the point. 13. Fibularia volva Acassiz & Drsor. Pl. V, Figs. 12, 13, 16, 20, 27, 28. Fibularia volva. Acassiz 1873. Revision of Echini, p. 509. » > De Mevere 1904. »Siboga> KEchinoidea, p. 113. > > » H. L. Crank. 1914. Hawaiian a. o. Pacific Echini, Clypeastridae ete., p. 58. A single beautifully preserved specimen from 45 miles W.S.W. of Cape Jaubert, 24 m. (2/VII. 1911) may be referred provisionally to this species. At the present stage of our knowledge of these small Echinoids it is impossible to form a definite idea of the specific limits of the different species recognized, most of them being known only from imperfect descriptions of naked tests. The specimen in hand measures 9 mm in length, 4,5 mm in height and 6 mm in width. Through the dense, uniform coating of spines are seen 20 distinct meridian lines of yellowish tubefeet, running from apex to mouth, viz. two in each ambula- crum and two in each interradius. In the petaloid part of the ambulacra there is one simple tubefoot adjoining each branchial tubefoot, situated adorally to the inner (adradial) pore of each pair; in the outer part ot the petals there are two such simple tubefeet between the branchial feet, and outside the petals they increase in number so as to form a little cluster of some twenty tubefeet to each plate, thus continuing until the peristome. The whole way down the feet of each plate remain distinct, the whole together forming the meridian line above described. In the interambu- lacra there is the same distribution of these tubefeet, except that there are, of course, no branchial tubefeet in the upper part. These groups of tubefeet do not appear to be situated in grooves of the test, as is the case in F. cribellum, according to Dr MeEre (Siboga-Echinoidea, p. 112). The pores of the petals are rather large, rounded; there are 6—7 pairs in the postero-lateral, 5—6 pairs in the antero-lateral petals and 5 pairs in the anterior petal. The genital pores are somewhat smaller than the petaloid pores. The madreporic plate has about 16 small pores, arranged round a single central tubercle, the posterior part remaining imperforate. The peristome is covered with numerous small plates; the same is the case with the periproct. In the present specimen the anal opening lies on the top of a small cone, with a circle of rounded grains at the edge. Whether this anal cone is a normal feature or just the stage assumed at the evacuation of the excrements can, of course, not be ascertained from this single specimen. The primary spines are ca. 0,3 mm Jong, simply rounded at the point, and with a few serrations in the outer part; those around the peristome are somewhat KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 58. N:0 9. 19 curved and a little widened towards the point. The miliary spines are ca. 0,4—0,5 mm long, smooth or slightly serrate, with a small crown; the margin of the component rods without indentations (Pl. V, Fig. 27). Of pedicellariae only two sorts are found, viz. globiferous and triphyllous. The globiferous pedicellariae (Pl. V, Figs. 16, 20, 28) have long, tubeshaped, curved val- ves, ending in a simple point, on the outer side of which is seen a fine opening. On each side of the apophysis there is a large hole; evidently the poison glands open through these holes into the tube, the poison being then emptied through the opening on the endtooth. As seen in Pl. V, Fig. 28, there is an inner sac in connection with each hole, there being thus a pair of such sacs for each valve. Probably this inner sac is only the lumen of the gland, filled with the secretion. The outer part of the poison gland is more threaded in structure, probably on account of the presence of muscle fibres; the exact structure, as well as the exact limit down- wards of the gland could not be ascertained on the material available. — The stalk of the globiferous pedicellariae is a rather thick, finely fenestrated tube; there is no neck. The biphyllous pedicellariae (Pl. V, Fig. 13) have the valves provided with long teeth at the point, these teeth interlacing, when the valves close. The tubefeet have a very small calcareous ring (Pl. V, Fig. 12), consisting of three small, elegantly shaped, fairly regularly branching plates, and three alternating small, simple spicules below forming a ring, after the usual type. In each ambula- crum there is a single pair of somewhat larger tubefeet at the border of the peri- stome, corresponding to what obtains in Lchinocyamus (»Ingolf»-Echinoidea I, p. 29, Pl. XII, Figs. 26—27). I have found no calcareous ring in these oral tubefeet. The presence of interambulacral series of tubefeet is a feature of considerable interest, not hitherto noticed in the Fibularia’s. It is, however, not a feature pecu- liar to the present species. I have found it quite distinct in another species (as yet undetermined), which I have collected in the Gulf of Siam, and I think I can discern such meridians of interradial pores also in Fibularia craniolaris (only more or less worn tests of this species are available). It may then perhaps prove to be a cha- racter of generic value. The number of pores in the madreporic plate, on the other hand, certainly is a character of specific value. In F. craniolaris there is only one large, transversely elongated pore; the same is the case in I. cribellum Dr MrIJERE, while in the species from Siam, mentioned above, there are about 8 small pores. This will then evidently prove a feature of considerable value for distinguishing the species of this genus. Hitherto globiferous pedicellariae were totally unknown in the Clypeastrina. It is then a very interesting fact that they have been discovered in this species, a fact which is of no small importance for the discussion of the ancestry of the whole group of the Clypeastrina. I shall, however, not enter on this very interesting pro- blem at present. I may mention here that I have found globiferous pedicellariae of the same structure also in the above mentioned Fibularia-species from the Gulf of Siam; it would then appear that these pedicellariae are a characteristic of the genus Fibularia. 20 TH. MORTENSEN, ECHINOIDEA, From the same locality, together with the specimen of Fibularia volva, there is a small specimen, 7 mm long, of another species of Fibularia, which is, in any case, related to F. cribellum Dr Mutsnre, but may perhaps be a new species. I do not think it possible to reach a definite conclusion about it at present, and as it is an immature specimen and, moreover, in a poor state of preservation I shall give only these remarks about it at the present occasion, In any case it is proved herewith that at least two different species of Fibu- laria occur at the West Australian coast, none being known from there previously. 14. Breynia australasiae (Leacn). Pi Ve igs: 2. 18 619 o 2 Breynia australasiae. Acassiz. 1873. Revision of the Echini, p. 578, Pl. XV,a, 7—9, Pl. XXV, 32, 1 ROME Xo, » > De Meverr. 1904. »Siboga> Echinoidea, p. 192. » > Déperuew. 1914. Echinoidea. Fauna S.W. Australiens, p. 491. H. L. Cuarx. 1914. Echinoderms W. A. Museum, p. 169. > H. L. Crarx. 1917. Hawaiian a. o. Pacific Echini. The Echinoneidae .... Spatangidae. Mem. Mus. C. Z. XLVI, p. 250, Pl. 146, 31. 48 miles S.W. of Cape Jaubert, 12 m. (3/VI. 1911), 10 large and 3 smaller specimens, 4D 2 WSW...6 2 > 24 » (8—14/VII. 1911), 1 large specimen, 80 mm long. There are also some dried specimens, mainly naked tests, from Cape Jaubert, probably from the beach. In the small specimens (13—14 mm long) the genital pores have not been formed. The inner fasciole is as yet distinct only in the part near the apical system. The pedicellariae. Besides the forms described by H. L. CrarK (1917), I have found globiferous pedicellariae in some specimens, especially in the large specimen from 24m. They were found only in the posterior ambulacra on the naked part between the peristome and the hind end, and always along their outer side, sometimes also a few among the spines to the outside of these ambulacra. They are of a very simple structure (Pl. V, Figs. 2, 22), without any finer structure at the point; the stalk is quite short. In these ambulacra also the ophicephalous pedicellariae are numerous; it is a remark- able fact that those of the young specimens differ in their structure quite noticeably from those of the grown specimens (Pl. V, Figs. 18—19). In the very large rostrate pedicellariae found mainly round the peristome the basal part of the valves is remarkably flat, and consists of a very open, irregular meshwork outside, while the inside is filled with a fine-meshed network. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 58. N:0 9. 21 ixplanation of the Plates. On account of the fact that the plates were printed, without proofs of them having been submitted to the author, a few errors, fortunately of minor importance, have crept in, to which attention is called herewith. In Pl. III the figure numbers were forgotten. Fig. 1 is the upper, fig. 2 the lower figure. In Pl. V some of the holes in the valves of pedicellariae represented there have become unduly black. This is especially the case in fig. 6 (at the upper part of the apophysis) and fig. 13 (near the outer end); to a less degree it is the case in figs. 2, 5, 8, 18 and 19. Plate I. Phyllacanthus longispinus Mrtsn. Side view. Nat. size. Plate II. Phyllacanthus longispinus Mrrsn. From the oral side. Nat. size. Plate Iil. Fig. 1. Prionocidaris bispinosa (Lamx.). From the oral side. Nat. size. >» 2. Phyllacanthus longispinus Mrrsn. Aboral side of the test. Nat. size. Plate IV. Figs. 1—2. ‘Iwo specimens of Goniocidaris tubaria (LamK.); side view. Showing the diversity of the radi- oles. Nat. size. » 3. Prionocidaris bispinosa (LamK.) var. elegans Mrrsn; aboral side. Nat. size. 4—6. Temnotrema elegans Mrrtsn. 4. Aboral side; 5 side view; 6. oral side. All figures nat. size. 7--9. Temnopleurus scalaris Mrrsn. 7. Aboral side; 8. side view; 9. oral side. All figures nat. size. 10—11. Peronella tuberculata Mrrsn. 10. Aboral side; 11. oral side. Nat. size. 12. Peronella Lesueuri (Vau.) Var. Aboral side. Nat. size. Plate V. Fig. 1. Tridentate pedicellaria of Echinodiscus auritus Leske. *°/;. (Comp. Fig. 5.) 2. Valve of globiferous pedicellaria of Breynia.australasiae (Lmacn). From the inside. '°/1. (Comp. Fig. 22.) K. Sv. Vet, Akad. Handl. Band 58. N:o 9. oe 22 TH. MORTENSEN, ECHINOIDEA. Fig. 3. Valve of globiferous pedicellaria of Lemnotrema elegans Mrisy. Side view. °°/;. 4. Quinquedentate pedicellaria of Peronella tuberculata Mrrsx. *°/1. (Comp. Fig. 6). 5. Valve of tridentate pedicellaria of Hchinodiseus auritus Leske. 1°°/1. (Comp. Fig. 1.) 6. Valve of quinquedentate pedicellaria of Peronella tuberculata Mrisn. *°°/;. (Comp. Fig. 4.) 7. Small tridentate pedicellaria of Peronella tuberculata Mrrsy, 7°°/1. » 8. Valve of triphyllous pedicellaria of Temnopleurus scalaris Mrrsn. ?*°/,. 9. Valve of slender tridentate pedicellaria of Echinodiscus auritus Luske. !°°/;. 10. >» triphyllous pedicellaria of Echinodiscus awritus Lesxn. *°°/1. ile De > > » Peronella tuberculata Mnrsn. The right side of the basal part. was not developed. 79/1. 12. Sucking disk of tubefoot of Fibularia volua Ac. & Dzs. 3/1. 13. Valve of biphyllous pedicellaria of Fibularia volva Ac. & Drs. *°°/1. » 14, » » ophicephalous > Temnopleurus scalaris Mrrsn. 9°/1. Peel Ds » » globiferous > » Phyllacanthus longispinus Mrrsn. °°/;. >» 16. > > » Fibularia volva Ac. & Des. From the inside. °°°/;. (Comp. Figs. 20 and 28.) Ie >. > > > » Temnopleurus scalaris Mrrsn. Side view. *°/:. > we: » » large ophicephalous pedieellanis of Breynia UBL NOSE? (Leacu), 189/;, > = 119% » small » > , 180/ » 120! » » globiferous pedicellaria of Pibularia voloua AG. & Des. Side view. *5/:. (Comp. Figs. 16 and 28.) pals meh ty > > » Phyllacanthus tenuispinus Woovs. *°%/). 22. Globiferous pedicellaria of Breynia australasiae (Leacu). *°/;. (Comp. Fig. 2.) 23. Miliary spine of Peronella tuberculata Mrrsn. *2°/;. 24. Primary spine from the aboral side of Peronella tuberculata Mrrsn. */1. 25. Tridentate pedicellaria of Peronella Lesueuri (Vau.). 7°/1. 26. ‘Tip of primary spine from the oral side of Peronella tuberculata Mrisn. %°/). 27. Miliary spine of Fibularia volua Ac. & Drs. 18/1, » 28. Globiferous pedicellaria of Fibularia volvua Ac. & Des. '°°/1. (Camp. Figs. 16 and 20.) (Phyllacanthus longispinus: Fig. 15. Temnopleurus scalaris: Figs. 8, 14, 17. Temnotrema elegans: Fig. 3. Peronella Lesueuri: Fig. 25. Peronella tuberculata; Vigs. 4, 6, 7, 11, 23, 24, 26. Hehinodiscus auritus; Figs. 1, 5, 9, 10. Fibularia volva: Figs. 12, 13, 16, 20, 27, 28. Breynia australasiae: Figs. 2, 18, 19, 22.) Tryckt den 31 december 1918. Uppsala 1918. Almqvist & Wiksells Boktryckeri-A-B, Wiig "@-"¥ "yap ssiNbs¥peD youd “yyq $,auoig ¥Y je “WE kal ‘6 ON "8G Pueq “YVONITGNVH SNEIWACVMVSdVMSNHLAA VUSNEAS wIWS ‘a-"¥ yw isinbepey 6 ‘Id ‘6 0 "8g pure, ‘youd "pa S.auolg ¥Y y4Wded ‘UVONITGNVH SNAIWAGVYVSdVMSNALYA VASNAAS K. SVENSKA VETENSKAPSAKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. Band 58. ' 7 Pacht & Crone’s Eftf. phot. N:o 9. Coderquists Graf. A.-B. Pl. Sthim BE K. SVENSKA VETENSKAPSAKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. Band 58. Ni:o 9. Sthim jerquists Graf. A.-B J Ce Pacht & Crone’s Eftf. phot. 5. Pil Cederquists Graf. A.-B., Sthim, Band 58. N:o 9. K. SVENSKA VETENSKAPSAKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. 5 t UPPSALA 1918. ALMQVIST & WIKSELLS BOKTRYCKERL-A.-B.