Occasional Papers

Museum of Texas Tech University

Number 229 01 December 2003

Revised Checklist of North American Mammals
North of Mexico, 2003

Robert J. Baker, Lisa C. Bradley, Robert D. Bradley, Jerry W.Dragoo, MarkD. Engstrom,
Roberts. Hoffmann, CheriA. Jones, Fiona Reid, Dale W. Rice, and Clyde Jones

Since the first checklist of scientific and ver¬
nacular names of species of North American mam¬
mals was published by Jones et al. (1973), the check¬
list has been updated periodically (Jones et al., 1975;
1979; 1982; 1986; 1992; 1997). The publication of
this revision marks the 30 th anniversary of the check¬
list. From the beginning, it was hoped that the check¬
list would provide a useful reference for many scien¬
tific endeavors in general, both in the field and in the
laboratory, and that it would be useful to students in
particular. Since the publication six years ago of the
most recent revision of the checklist (Jones et al.,

1997), demand for copies essentially has eliminated
the original supply. In addition, some significant taxo¬
nomic changes have been published in the primary lit¬
erature on mammals since that time. As in previous
revisions of the checklist, we have attempted to in¬
clude all species of Recent mammals known to occur
in North America (and its adjacent waters) to the north
of Mexico and in the recognized published literature
through 2003. The checklist represents a general con¬
sensus among the authors, but does not necessarily
imply complete agreement among them on all issues.

Thirty Years of Change

After 30 years and 8 checklists, it seemed ap¬
propriate to review and summarize the changes that
have occurred in the recognized fauna of North
America north of Mexico since the first checklist was
published in 1973. Table 1 illustrates the number of
orders, families, genera, and species recognized in each
revision of the checklist in the Occasional Papers (O.P.)
series. From 1973 to 2003, there has been an increase
at every taxonomic level (orders, 11 to 12; families, 41

to 46; genera, 141 to 166; species, 403 to 474). Many
of the changes in the species classification were made
to ensure monophyly of taxa. The greatest percent¬
age change has been in the number of genera (17.7%).
The increase in the number of species (71, or 15%)
reflects taxonomic changes (46), distributional changes
(5), the addition of introduced, non-native mammals
to the list (19), and the recognition of humans as a
component of the native fauna (l).

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Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University

Table L Changes in the number of taxafor North Ameri¬
can mammals north of Mexico as recorded on the check¬
list published in the Occasional Papers of the Museum,
Texas Tech University.

Year (O.P. #)

Orders

Families

Genera

Species

1973(12)

11

41

141

403

1975 (28)

11

41

141

404

1979(62)

11

42

142

412

1982 (80)

11

42

141

417

1986(107)

10

43

14S

425

1992(146)

12

44

156

447

1997(173)

12

45

164

462

2003(229)

12

46

166

474

During the last 30 years, the science of mam¬
malogy has changed dramatically as rapid advance¬
ments in laboratory techniques, including the study of
individuals at the molecular level, have been developed
and refined. Technological advances undoubtedly will
continue to influence our understanding of the sys¬
tematic relationships of species and will be reflected in
continuing changes to the taxonomy and classification
of mammals. Although changes in taxonomy require
the student to adapt constantly to a new list of names
and a new understanding of species relationships, it
clearly should be the goal of all mammalogists to
achieve the most accurate classification possible.

Recent advances in molecular biology have pro¬
vided resolution to questions related to species identi¬
fication, reproductive isolation and hybridization with
proof of the presence/absence of FI and backcrossed
individuals within local populations. This new level of
resolution, in combination with the application of the
Genetic Species Concept (Avise and Walker, 1999;
Bradley and Baker, 2001; Dobzhansky, 1950; May den,
1997; Mayr, 1969; Simpson, 1943), suggests that there
are many species of mammals that are currently un¬
recognized (Bradley and Baker, 2001) on lists such as
those provided herein and in Wilson and Reeder (1993).
Some estimates are that there will be an increase of

25% (Baker, 2002) in number of species in the class
Mammalia, but this may indeed be an underestimation.
Our understanding of the systematics of mammals is
probably the greatest in North America north of Mexico
(the focus of this checklist) and it remains open to
speculation how many additional species will ultimately
be recognized within the North American faunal groups.
An example of a cryptic species that was defined by
gene sequence data is Notiosorex cockrumi (Baker et
al., 2003), The more common situation will probably
involve examples where subspecific differences have
been described and the application of molecular data
indicates the presence of more than one species. Ex¬
amples covered on this checklist include Neotoma
macrotis (Matocq, 2002), Neotoma leucodon (Edwards
et al., 2001), Canis lycaon (Wilson et al., 2000; Wilson
et al., 2003) and within the Neotoma lepida complex
(Patton and Alvarez-Castaneda, in press). Undoubt¬
edly, there will be many other examples within the
shrews, rodents and possibly other taxa.

It might be predicted that vagile species such as
bats would be the least likely to have well defined
phylogroups and unrecognized biological species. At
a recent meeting of the North American Symposium
on Bat Research (8-11 October 2003 in Lincoln, NE)
two papers presented on bat species with a wide geo¬
graphic range suggest geographically distinct
phylogroups. These were studies on Myotis lucifugus
presented by Tanya A. Dewey of the University of
Michigan and on Antrozous pallidus presented by Sa¬
rah E. Weyandt of Oklahoma State University. At this
time it is not possible to understand how many if any
of those phylogroups represent currently unrecognized
species but it is probable that some do. The signifi¬
cant observation here is that the work of Dewey and
Weyandt document that potentially vagile species of
bats are divided into well-defined phylogroups based
on gene sequence data. Further, these phylogroups
need to be interrogated relative to specific status to
better understand the biodiversity of the mammals
north of Mexico.

Baker et al.— Checklist of North American Mammals, 2003

3

Taxonomic Diversity

Orders .—Although the overall number of orders
(11) remained stable from 1973 to 1982, changes to
the recognized orders occurred in 1979, when Mysticeti
and Odontoceti were recognized as orders (eliminat¬
ing the order Cetacea), and Pinnipedia was reduced to
a suborder of Carnivora, In 1986, the order Cetacea
was restored, and Mysticeti and Odontoceti were re¬
duced to suborders, thus reducing the overall count of
orders to ten. In 1992, Primates and Perissodactyla
were added to the checklist. The recognized orders
have remained unchanged since that time.

Families .—In 1979, the walrus was recognized
as belonging to a distinct family, Odobenidae. In 1982,
the number of families did not change, but Kogiidae
was reduced from familial status and Phocoenidae was
recognized as a family separate from Delphinidae. In
1986, Kogiidae was restored as a family, bringing the
total count to 43. In 1992, the families Cercopithecidae
and Equidae were added to reflect the presence of the
introduced rhesus monkey and the feral horse and ass
in the North American fauna. Also in 1992, Cricetidae
was abandoned as a family, and all New World rats,
mice, and voles were recognized as belonging to the
family Muridae. In 1997, the skunks were grouped as
the family Mephitidae. On the current checklist, the
family Hominidae was added, bringing the total num¬
ber of families to 46.

Genera .—In 1975, the number of genera was
unchanged from 1973, but Idionycteris was recog¬
nized as a distinct genus, and the bobcat and lynx were
returned to the genus Felis, eliminating the genus Lynx .
The addition of the genus Feres a brought the number
of recognized genera to 142 in 1979. In 1982,
Arborimus was recognized as distinct at the generic
level, Microsorex was reduced from generic rank, and
Tamias was recognized as the generic name for all
chipmunks, eliminating the genus Butamias. On the
subsequent checklist, Arborimus was not recognized
as a distinct genus, but eight new genera appeared on
the checklist as the result of taxonomic changes
( Brachylagus , Chaetodipus , Pusa, Pagophilus,
Histriophoca), distributional changes (Lagenodelphis),

and the addition of exotic species ( Boselaphus,
Antilope). Eight additional genera were recognized in
1992, bringing the number of recognized genera to
156. Of the eight new genera, three were added as the
result of taxonomic changes (. Nyctinomops , Lynx,
Panthera), and five were added to reflect the pres¬
ence of introduced mammals (Macaca, Equus , Oryx ,
Hemitragus , Capra). In 1997, taxonomic changes
added six genera to the checklist (Arborimus, Puma ,
Leopardus , Herpailurus , Axis, Dama ), and the discov¬
ery of Molossus molossus in Florida and reports of
Peponocephala electra in Florida and Maryland added
two genera. On the current checklist, the genus Alopex
was deleted and the genera Homo, Eubalaena, and
Neotamias were added, bringing the total recognized
genera to 166.

Species .—Total species increased by one from
1973 to 1975; 3 species were added and 2 were de¬
leted from the checklist as the result of taxonomic
changes. In 1979,14 species were added to the check¬
list and 6 were removed, bringing the total species
count to 412, Thirteen additions and eight deletions to
the 1982 checklist brought the species count to 417.
All of the changes in 1982 were the result of taxo¬
nomic revisions, with the exception of the addition of
a cetacean based on a new record for North America.
In 1986, taxonomic revisions added 12 names to the
list and deleted 9; one cetacean was added based on a
new record; and 4 introduced species were added.
The total species count rose dramatically from 1986
to 1992 (from 425 to 447); taxonomic revisions ac¬
counted for 14 additions and 3 deletions, and 11 intro¬
duced or feral species were added to the list. The
1997 checklist included 4 additional introduced spe¬
cies and 2 new species (one bat and one cetacean)
based on recent discoveries in North America, and taxo¬
nomic revisions added 15 names and deleted 6, bring¬
ing the checklist total to 462 species. On the current
checklist, 15 additions and 4 deletions were reported
as the result of taxonomic changes, and the addition
of modem man to the list added one species, bringing
the total to 474 species.

4

Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University

Departures from Jones et al. (1997) and Other Notes

The changes that have been made in the scien¬
tific names from those listed in Jones et al. (1997) are
discussed below. Some other pertinent comments are
included that might help to explain the current list of
recognized species. Readers should note that although
Wilson and Ruff (1999) was a more recent publication
than the last checklist (Jones et al., 1997), Wilson and
Ruff (1999) relied heavily on Wilson and Reeder (1993)
as the basis for their book. Thus, there are numerous
discrepancies between Wilson and Ruff (1999) and
the current checklist. For clarification, we have noted
these discrepancies throughout the following notes.
We referred primarily to Rice (1998) for marine mam¬
mal designations. With a few exceptions, common
names are adapted from Wilson and Cole (2000) for
terrestrial mammals and Rice (1998) for marine mam¬
mals.

INSECTIVORES

Soricidae. —The taxonomy of the So rex cine reus
group has a long and confusing history. Most recently,
Demboski and Cook (2003) attempted to resolve the
phylogenetic relationships among 8 members of the
group using molecular data analyses. Demboski and
Cook (2003) based their study of the group on the
morphological phylogeny presented by van Zyl! de Jong
(1991). Although the results of Demboski and Cook
(2003) generally supported the phylogeny of van Zyll
de Jong (1991), we note that the taxonomy of the
entire Sorex cinereus group remains unresolved, and
additional clarification is needed on the composition
and nomenclature of this group.

Of particular concern are three species of the
Sorex cinereus group - hay deni ^ fontinalis, and
jacksoni . Brunet et al. (2002) contended that Sorex
hay deni does not warrant specific status. Demboski
and Cook (2003), however, refuted this change. We
have chosen to retain specific status for hay deni at
this time. Likewise, we continue to recognize fontinalis
as a species based on the electrophoretic analyses pre¬
sented by George (1988). Van Zyll de Jong (1999)
and Demboski and Cook (2003), however, relegated
Sorex fontinalis to subspecific status. In 1997 (Jones
et al., 1997), we accepted the results of the karyologi-
cal analyses of Rausch and Rausch (1995), which re¬

duced Sorex jacksoni to subspecific status. Both van
Zyll de Jong (1999) and Demboski and Cook (2003),
however, continued to recognize jacksoni as a spe¬
cies. Based on the data of Demboski and Cook (2003),
we have chosen once again to recognize 5. jacksoni
as a species on the current checklist.

We follow Alexander (1996) in elevating Sorex
moniicolus neomexicanus to a distinct species. Note
that George (1999), however, retained neomexicanus
as a subspecies. We follow Stewart et al. (2002) in
elevating Sorex arcticus maritimensis to specific sta¬
tus.

Notiosorex cockrumi , Cockrum’s desert shrew,
has been added to the checklist. Baker et al. (2003)
described this new species based on nuclear and mito¬
chondrial sequence data.

In his account of Sorex palustris, Harris (1999)
recognized alaskanus as a subspecies of palustris.
Based on the works of Carraway (1995), George
(1988), and Hutterer (1993), however, we continue to
recognize Sorex alaskanus as a species.

We continue to recognize Sorex pribilofensis as
the correct name for the Pribilof Island Shrew, fol¬
lowing van Zyll de Jong (1991), Rausch and Rausch
(1997), and Demboski and Cook (2003). Note that
Hoffmann (1999), however, referred to the subspe¬
cies S. hydrodromus pribilofensis.

Wilson and Ruff (1999) failed to provide an ac¬
count for Sorexyukonicus. This species was described
by Dokuchaev (1997), and we continue to recognize
the species.

BATS

Phyllostomidae.— Several unconfirmed reports
of new bat records have come from the Florida Keys
region, including the possible occurrence of Artibeus
jamaicensis, Phyllonycteris poeyi , and Erophylla
sezekorni. None of these reports have been substanti¬
ated through any scientific outlets, however, and we
refrain from adding any of these species to the current
checklist.

Baker et al.— Checklist or North American Mammals, 2003

5

Vespertilionidae, —As summarized by Piaggio et
ai. (2002), the systematic relationship between Myotis
lucifugus and Myotis occultus has been the subject of
multiple studies, with often conflicting results and con¬
clusions. Based on this most recent study, utilizing
mitochondrial gene sequencing analyses, Piaggio et al.
(2002) concluded that Myotis occultus represents an
evolutionarily distinct monophyletic lineage and war¬
rants specific status. We have accepted that conclu¬
sion and included Myotis occultus as a species on the
current checklist.

Shump (1999) did not recognize Lasiurus
blossevillii as a valid species, and continued to recog¬
nize blossevillii as a South American subspecies of
Lasiurus borealis . We continue, however, as do most
authors, to accept the results of Baker et al. (1988)
and recognize Lasiurus blossevillii as a valid North
American species.

Similarly, Kurta (1999) did not recognize the spe¬
cific status of Lasiurus xanthinus , and placed it as a
subspecies of Lasiurus ega. As on the 1992 checklist
(Jones et al., 1992), however, we continue to recog¬
nize Lasiurus xanthinus as specifically distinct based
on chromosomal and electrophoretic data (Baker et
al., 1988).

Several authors have argued for the recognition
of Corynorhinus as a separate genus for the New World
big-eared bats and the restriction of Plecotus to the
Old World forms of this group (Frost and Timm, 1992;
Tumlison and Douglas, 1992). In the last revision of
this checklist (Jones et al., 1997), we retained the name
Plecotus , but noted that the problem warranted addi¬
tional study. Recent works by Bogdanowicz et al.
(1998) and Hoofer and Van Den Bussche (2001) have
provided further support for the monophyly of the Old
World genus Plecotus and the New World genus
Corynorhinus . Therefore, we recognize Corynorhinus
as the genus for the two North American species,

Molossidae. - Although Wilson and Ruff (1999)
did not include an account for Molossus molossus, we
continue to list this species based on its discovery in
the Florida Keys (Frank, 1997).

LAGOMORPHS

Leporidae .— We follow Ruedas (1998) who,
based on a morphological analysis of 26 characters,
elevated Sylvilagus robustus to specific status. Ruedas
(1998) also suggested that £ f. holzneri and S. f cog-
natus may warrant specific status, but he refrained
from naming them as such. We continue to recognize
holzneri and cognatus as subspecies pending further
studies of this group.

Halanych et al. (1999) questioned the validity of
Lepus othus, given its minimal genetic distinctness from
Lepus arcticus. As Halanych et al. (1999) emphasized,
however, further studies are necessary to resolve the
taxonomic status of the arctic hare group. Thus, we
have retained Lepus othus on the current checklist.

RODENTS

Sciuridae. —Jameson (1999) concluded, based
on the evolutionary relationships of chipmunk ecto¬
parasites, that the sub genera Neotamias, lamias, and
Eutamias should be elevated to three separate genera.
Recently, this conclusion was supported by Piaggio
and Spicer (2001) based on their analyses of cyto¬
chrome b sequence data. We have revised the current
checklist to reflect this change. Of the North Ameri¬
can chipmunks, only the eastern chipmunk, Tamias
striatus , is assigned to the genus Tamias. All other
North American chipmunks are assigned to the genus
Neotamias ,

Arbogast (1999) suggested, based on cyto¬
chrome b analyses, that Glaucomys sabrinus
oregonensis may warrant specific status. Further in¬
vestigation by Arbogast, however, did not find fixed
allozymic differences between oregonensis and the re¬
maining conspecific populations of G. sabrinus (B.
Arbogast, pers. comm.). Although it may yet be de¬
termined that G. s. oregonensis is a cryptic species, the
evidence does not warrant elevation to specific status
at this time.

Arbogast et al. (2001) also investigated the tax¬
onomy of Tamiasciurus, and found little differences
between the 3 recognized species ( mearnsi , douglasii,

6

Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University

and hudsonicus) based either on mitochondrial DNA
(mtDNA) or allozyme analyses. Arbogast et al. (2001)
proposed that the recognition of a single, phenotypi-
cally variable species, £ hudsonicus, comprised of 3
subspecies (hudsonicus, douglasii, and mogollonensis),
may best reflect the currently available genetic and
morphologic data. Pending further supportive data,
however, we have chosen not to accept this reorgani¬
zation of Tamiasciurus.

Geomyidae.- —We follow Jolley et al. (2000) in
recognizing Geomys streckeri as a species.

Heteromyidae .—As in 1997 (Jones et ah, 1997),
we continue to accept the conclusion of Lee et ah
(1996) that Chaetodipus eremicus warrants specific
status. Note that Price (1999), however, continues to
recognize Chaetodipus eremicus as a subspecies of C.
penicillatus ,

We follow the recommendation of Riddle et ah
(2000a) that the western populations of Chaetodipus
baileyi be recognized as a distinct species, C. rudinoris.
We also follow the conclusion of Riddle et ah (2000b)
that Peromyscus fraterculus (previously assigned as a
subspecies of P. eremicus ) warrants specific status.

We continue to relegate elephantinus to subspe¬
cific status under Dipodomys venustus based on the
genic and bacular data presented by Best et ah (1996).
More recently, Best (1999) recognized D. elephantinus
as a species, but readers should be aware that this
account was written at the request of Don Wilson and
Sue Ruff, and reflects the taxonomy proposed by Wil¬
son and Reeder (1993); it does not reflect the tax¬
onomy supported by the most recent available data
(pers. comm,, Troy Best),

Muridae .—Hogan et ah (1997) suggested that
some of the currently recognized subspecies of
Peromyscus maniculatus may warrant specific status.
We agree that this group needs further study and clari¬
fication, but no changes are warranted at this time.

Edwards et ah (2001) examined the molecular
phylogenetics of the Neotoma albigula species group,
and concluded that Neotoma albigula is comprised of
two cryptic species. The eastern form was desig¬
nated as Neotoma leucodon , the Eastern white-throated

woodrat. Matocq (2002) elevated Neotoma macrotis,
the large-eared woodrat, to a species separate from N
fuscipes based on morphological and molecular analy¬
ses.

The taxonomy of the Neotoma lepida group is
complex, and recent research indicates that lepida
actually may be comprised of at least two species
(Patton and Alvarez-Castaneda, in press). Those au¬
thors also suggested that the western form of lepida
should probably be given specific status, although they
hesitated to make a formal designation pending further
research. Further, it is not clear if devia represents a
valid species. Given the uncertainty of the taxonomy
of the lepida group, we have not made any changes to
the current checklist until further data are available.

Following Frey (1999) and Frey and Moore
(1990), we recognize the Mogollon vole, Microtus
mogollonensis, as a species distinct fromM mexicanus.
Batzli (1999) recognized the brown lemming by the
specific name Lemmus sibiricus, but acknowledged
that trimucronatus may be the correct name for the
species. We recognize the name trimucronatus fol¬
lowing Jarrell and Fredga (1993), We continue to fol¬
low the taxonomy presented on the last checklist (Jones
et al., 1997) for the Dicrostonyx group. See Engstrom
(1999), however, for an alternative view.

CARNIVORES

Canidae .—Recent molecular evidence (Wilson
et al., 2000; Wilson et al,, 2003) provided support for
the recognition of the eastern Canadian wolf as a spe¬
cies distinct from the gray wolf. The species Canis
lycaon is therefore added to the checklist.

At this time we continue to recognize the arid
land foxes as distinct species, Vulpes velox and V
macrotis , following Mercure et al. (1993). While not¬
ing that the status of this species is questionable,
Thacker and Flinders (1999) chose to follow Wilson
and Reeder (1993) in recognizing one species, Vulpes
velox . Readers are referred to Dragoo and Wayne
(2003) for a review of the systematics of the species.

We follow Geffen et al. (1992) and Mercure et
al. (1993) in recognizing the arctic fox as Vulpes
lagopus . Karyology, DNA hybridization, and allozyme

Baker et al.— Checklist of North American Mammals, 2003

7

electrophoretic data all indicate a close relationship of
the arctic fox, kit fox, and swift fox and conflicts
with the previous assignment of generic distinctness
for the arctic fox,

Phocidae, —We have chosen to follow Rice
(1998) in the taxonomic classification of the species
in this group. Note that the various authors of Wilson
and Ruff (1999), however, differed in their classifica¬
tion.

Mephitidae. —Based on external and cranial mor¬
phology and molecular data, Dragoo et al. (2003) re¬
cently revised the taxonomy of the genus Conepatus.
Two species, Conepatus leuconotus and C, mesoleucus ,
and their subspecies were determined to represent only
a single species, C. leuconotus,

Felidae, —We follow Wozencraft (1993) in rec¬
ognizing the correct spelling for the scientific name of
the jaguarundi as Herpailurus yaguarondi rather than
yagouaroundi.

CETACEANS

Balaenopteridae, —Based on Dizon etal. (1996),
we chose in 1997 (Jones et al., 1997) to recognize
Balaenoptera brydei and B, edeni as two distinct spe¬
cies, with the smaller B. edeni being restricted to the
coastal waters of the eastern Indian Ocean and the
western Pacific Ocean (Jones et ah, 1997), Additional
studies have supported that arrangement (Wada and
Numachi, 1991; Dizon et ah, 1998), and we continue
to recognize B , brydei on the current checklist. Rice
(1999), however, retained the more conservative ar¬
rangement of B. edeni as a single species, although he
acknowledged that questions remain regarding the tax¬
onomy of B. brydei/edeni . See Rice (1998) for a more
thorough discussion.

Balaenidae,— The taxonomy of this family re¬
mains in dispute. Most authors recognize two genera,
Balaena and Eubalaena , but others include both spe¬
cies in Balaena (see Clapham, 1999). We have cho¬
sen to recognize both genera. Further, the number of
species within the genus Eubalaena is a matter of con¬
troversy. The most common taxonomic arrangement
recognizes two species: Eubalaena glacialis , the north¬

ern right whale, and E , australis , the southern right
whale. Rosenbaum et al. (2000), however, found that
the North Atlantic, North Pacific, and Southern Hemi¬
sphere populations were each diagnosable by the pres¬
ence of unique nucleotides at three or four base-pair
positions in the control region of the mtDNA. By in¬
voking an extreme version of the phylogenetic species
concept, they suggested that each population should
be ranked as a full species: E . glacialis , E.japonica,
and E. australis, respectively. However, these nucle¬
otide substitutions have no discemable phenotypic ex¬
pression, and are probably selectively neutral; they
cannot be construed as evidence of either prezygotic
or postzygotic isolating mechanisms. No other con¬
sistent differences have been found between the three
populations, so under the biological species concept
all three must be regarded as members of a single bio¬
logical species, Eubalaena glacialis,

Delphinidae, —Wilson and Ruff (1999) did not
include an account for Peponocephata electra. This
species was added to the checklist in 1997 based on
reports of the species from Texas and Maryland
(Barron and Jefferson, 1993).

LeDuc et al. (1999) proposed a revised classifi¬
cation of the Delphinidae based on a molecular sys-
tematicsanalysis. Undertheirsystem, Lagenorhynchus
acutus becomes Leucopleurus acutus , and
Lagenorhynchus obliquidens becomes Sagmatias
obliquidens. However, we follow most cetologists
(Perrin et al., 2002) in holding these changes in abey¬
ance, pending further studies.

Ziphiidae. —Dalebout et al. (2002) described a
new species of beaked whale, Mesoplodon perrini,
based on molecular studies of five animals stranded
on the coast of California. All of the North American
specimens previously identified as M. hectori are now
recognized as M perrini. M, hectori is removed from
the checklist because, as it is now understood, M.
hectori occurs only in the southern hemisphere.

Kogiidae, —Wilson and Ruff (1999) did not rec¬
ognize the family Kogiidae for the pygmy sperm
whales. We follow Rice (1998) in continuing to rec¬
ognize this family.

8

Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University

ARTIODACTYLS

Suidae .— The genetic history of the stocks that
gave rise to Sus scrofa populations in North America
represent two different histories. Wild boar have been
introduced that have not been through any artificial
selection process and probably are indistinguishable
from native populations in Europe and Asia. Alterna¬
tively, there have been many releases of artificially se¬
lected breeds of pigs that have established feral popu¬
lations. What is present in free-ranging herds is an
interbreeding combination of these stocks in various
degrees of genetic recombination. In most areas, fe¬
ral pigs are primarily derivatives of domestic stocks.

Cervidae ,—We have accepted the recommen¬
dation of Geist (1998), further supported by Randi et
al. (2001), that the wapiti of North America and east¬
ern Asia be recognized as specifically distinct ( Cervus
canadensis ) from the red deer of western Eurasia
(Cervus elaphus).

Bovidae .— -Although he noted the controversy
surrounding the generic placement of the American
bison, Shaw (1999) continued to classify the species
in the genus Bison. Shaw (1999) provided no sup¬
porting data for this arrangement, however, whereas
several studies have supported the placement of Bison
in synonomy with Bos (see Jones et al., 1997). Thus,
we continue to recognize the American bison as Bos
bison.

Checklist

Although several authors, including Wilson and
Ruff (1999), have adopted a different sequence for
the phylogeny of mammals, we have chosen to present
this checklist in the same phylogenetic sequence as on
the previous checklist (Jones et al., 1997), and to again

arrange the species alphabetically within each genus.
The intent of this arrangement is to facilitate use of the
checklist and comparison with previous revisions of
the checklist. As in previous revisions, non-native
species are identified by an asterisk.

ORDER D1DELPHIMORPHIA - Opossums
Family Didelphidae - Opossums

Didelphisvirginiana ........

ORDER INSECTIVORA — Insectivores
Family Soricidac - Shrews

Sorex alaskanus ____

Sore* arcticus ...

Sorexarizonae ...

Sorex bairdii ..

Sorex bendirii ....

Sorex cinereus ...

Sorex dispar ....

Sorexfontinalis ...

Sorex fumeus ...

Sorex gaspensis. .

Sorexkaydeni... .

Sorex koyi. ..

Sorexjacksoni ....

Sorex longirostris ...

Sorexlyelli.... .

Sorex maritimensis... .

Sorex merriami ....

Sorex monticolus .

Sorex nanus ...

Sorex neomexicanus .

Virginia Opossum

. Glacier Bay Water Shrew
. Arctic Shrew
. Arizona Shrew
. Baird’s Shrew

. Pacific Water or Marsh Shrew
. Cinereus or Masked Shrew
. Long-tailed or Rock Shrew
. Maryland Shrew
. Smoky Shrew
. Gaspe Shrew
. Hayden’s or Prairie Shrew
. Pygmy Shrew
. St. Lawrence Island Shrew
. Southeastern Shrew
. Mt. Lyell Shrew
. Maritime Shrew
. Merriam’s Shrew
. Dusky or Montane Shrew
. Dwarf Shrew
. New Mexico Shrew

Baker et al.— Checklist of North American Mammals, 2003

9

Sorex ornatus .......

Sorex pacificus ....

Sorex palustris ...

Sorex preblei ......

Sorex pribilofen sis .....

Sorex sonomae ......

Sorextenellus ......

Sorex trowbridgii ...

Sorex tundrensis ......

Sorex ugyunak,,. ..

Sorex vagrans .......

Sorex yukonicus .......

Blarina brevicauda ....

Blarina carolinensis ....

Blarina hylophaga .........

Cryptotis parva ......

Notiosorexcockrumi .....

Notiosorex crawfordi .....

Family Talpidae - Moles

Neurotrichus gibbsii ....

Scapanus latimanus .......

Scapanus orarius .....

Scapanus townsendii ...

Parascalops brewer i .....

Scalopus aquaticus ....

Condylura cristala .....

ORDER CHIROPTERA - Bats

Family Mormoopidae - Leaf-chinned Bats

Mormoops megalop hylla ...

Family Phyilostomidae - New World Leaf-nosed Bats

Macrotus californicus .....

Choeronycteris mexicana . ..

Leptonycteris curasoae ....

Leptonycteris nivalis ...

Diphylla ecaudala .....

Family Vespertilionidae - Vesper Bats

Myotis auriculus .....

Myotis austroriparius ...

Myotis californicus .

Myotis ciliolabrum ...,.

Myotisevotis .....

Myotis grisescens ...

Myotis keenii .......

Myotis leibii .....

Myotis lucifugus ......

Myotis occultus .......

Myotis septen tr ionalis ...

Myotis sodalis ....

Myotis thysanodes .....

Myotis velifer .

Myotis volans .....

Myotis yumanensis .

Lasiurus blossevillii ...

Lasiurus borealis .....

Lasiurus cinereus ...

Lasiurus ega .............

Ornate Shrew
Pacific Shrew
American Water Shrew
Preble’s Shrew
Pribilof Island Shrew
Fog Shrew
Inyo Shrew
Trowbridge’s Shrew
Tundra Shrew
Barren Ground Shrew
Vagrant Shrew
Alaska Tiny Shrew
Northern Short-tailed Shrew
Southern Short-tailed Shrew
Elliot’s Short-tailed Shrew
Least Shrew

Cockrurn’s Desert Shrew
Crawford’s Desert Shrew

American Shrew Mole
Broad-footed Mole
Coast Mole
Townsend’s Mole
Hairy-tailed Mole
Eastern Mole
Star-nosed Mole

Ghost-faced Bat

California Leaf-nosed Bat
Mexican Long-tongued Bat
Southern Long-nosed Bat
Mexican Long-nosed Bat
Hairy-legged Vampire Bat

Southwestern Myotis
Southeastern Myotis
California Myotis
Western Small-footed Myotis
Long-eared Myotis
Gray Myotis
Keen’s Myotis
Eastern Small-footed Myotis
Little Brown Myotis
Arizona Myotis
Northern Long-eared Myotis
Indiana Bat or Social Myotis
Fringed Myotis
Cave Myotis
Long-legged Myotis
Yuma Myotis
Western Red Bat
Eastern Red Bat
Hoary Bat
Southern Yellow Bat

10

Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University

Lasiurus intermedius ......

Lasiurus seminolus ...

Lasiurus xanthinus .....

Lasionycteris noctivagans .....

Pipistrellus Hesperus ...

Pipistrellus subjlavus .

Eptesicusfuscus ....

Nycticeius humeralis .....

Euderma maculatum ....

Corynorhinus raftnesquii ....

Corynorhinus townsendii ...

Idionycteris phyllotis .

Antrozouspallidus . ....

Family Molossidae - Free-tailed Bats

Tadarida brasiliensis ...

Nyctinomopsfemorosaccus .

Nyciinomops macrotis ...

Eumops glaucin us .....

Eumops perotis ......

Eumopsunderwoodi .....

Molossus molossus ......

ORDER PRIMATES - Primates

Family Cercopithecidae - Old World Monkeys

Macaco fuscata* .....

Macaca mulatto* ..

Family Hominidae - Great Apes and Humans
Homo sapiens .... ..

ORDER XENARTHRA - Armadillos, Anteaters, and Sloths
Family Dasypodidae - Armadillos

Dayspus novemcinctus... ...

ORDER LAGOMORPHA - Pikas, Hares, and Rabbits
Family Ochotonidae - Pikas

Ochotona collaris .......

Ochotonaprinceps ....

Family Leporidae - Hares and Rabbits

Brachylagusidahoensis .....

Sylvilagus aquaticus .

Sylvilagus audubonii ....

Sylvilagus bachmani ..

Sylvilagus Jloridanus ....

Sylvilagus nuttallii .....

Sylvilagus obscurus ....

Sylvilagus palustris .

Sylvilagus robustus .....

Sylvilagustransitionalis.... ....

Oryctolagus cuniculus* ....

Lepusalleni. .......

Lepus americanus. ..

Lepus arcticus ......

Lepus californicus .....

Lepus callotis ......

Lepus europaeus* ...

Lepus othus. ......

Lepus townsendii ....

Northern Yellow Bat
Seminole Bat
Western Yellow Bat
Silver-haired Bat
Western Pipistrelle
Eastern Pipistrelle
Big Brown Bat
Evening Bat
Spotted Bat

Rafinesque’s Big-eared Bat
Townsend’s Big-eared Bat
Allen’s Big-eared Bat
Pallid Bat

Brazilian Free-tailed Bat
Pocketed Free-tailed Bat
Big Free-tailed Bat
Wagner’s Bonneted Bat
Western Bonneted Bat
Underwood’s Bonneted Bat
Velvety Free-tailed Bat

Japanese Macaque
Rhesus Macaque

Modem Man

Nine-banded Armadillo

Collared Pika
American Pika

Pygmy Rabbit
Swamp Rabbit
Desert Cottontail
Brush Rabbit
Eastern Cottontail
Mountain Cottontail
Appalachian Cottontail
Marsh Rabbit

Davis Mountains Cottontail
New England Cottontail
European Rabbit
Antelope Jackrabbit
Snowshoe Hare
Arctic Hare
Black-tailed Jackrabbit
White-sided Jackrabbit
European Hare
Alaskan Hare
White-tailed Jackrabbit

Baker et al.— Checklist of North American Mammals, 2003

11

ORDER RODENTIA - Rodents

Family Aplodontiidae - Mountain Beaver

Aplodontiarufa .... .

Fami ly Sciuridae - Squirrels

Neotamias alpinus..... ...........

Neotamias amoenus .

Neotamias canipes .

Neotamias cinereicollis . ...

Neotamias dorsalis ..

Neotamias merriami .

Neotamias minimus ...

Neotamias obscurus .

Neotamias ochrogenys ..

Neotamias palmer i.. .

Neotamias panamintinus... .

Neotamias quadrimaculatus .

Neotamiasquadrivittatus. .

Neotamias ruficaudus ....

Neotamias rufus. ...

Neotamias senex ...

Neotamias siskiyou ..

Neotamias sonomae ...

Neotamias speciosus ..

Neotamias townsendii ...

Neotamias umbrinus ..

Tamias striatus ...

Marmot a broweri.... .

Marmota caligata ...

Marmoia flaviventris . .

Marmota monax ...

Marmota Olympus. ..

Marmota vancouverensis ..

Ammospermophilus harrisii......

Ammospermophilus inter pres ....

Ammospermophilus leucurus.....

Ammospermophilus nelsoni ..

Spermophilus armatus ..

Spermophilusheecheyi. ..

Spermophilus beldingi .

Spermophilus brunneus ..

Spermophilus canus .,

Spermophilus columbianus ..

Spermophilus elegans ..

Spermophilusfranklinii .

Spermophilus lateralis .

Spermophilus mexicanus ..

Spermophilus mohavensis .

Spermophilus mollis .....

Spermophilus parryii .

Spermophilus richardsonii .

Spermophilus saturatus ..

Spermophilus spilosoma .

Spermophilus tereticaudus.........

Spermophilus townsendii .

Spermophilus tridecemlineatus...

Spermophilus variegatus .

Spermophilus Washington!... .

. Sewellel or Mountain Beaver

. Alpine Chipmunk
. Yellow-pine Chipmunk
. Gray-footed Chipmunk
Gray-collared Chipmunk
. Cliff Chipmunk
. Memam’s Chipmunk
Least Chipmunk
. California Chipmunk
. Yellow-cheeked Chipmunk
. Palmer's Chipmunk
. Panamint Chipmunk
. Long-eared Chipmunk
Colorado Chipmunk
. Red-tailed Chipmunk
- Hopi Chipmunk
. Allen's Chipmunk
Siskiyou Chipmunk
Sonoma Chipmunk
Lodgepole Chipmunk
Townsend’s Chipmunk
Uinta Chipmunk
Eastern Chipmunk
Alaska Marmot
Hoary Marmot
Yellow-bellied Marmot
Woodchuck
Olympic Marmot
Vancouver Marmot
Harris’s Antelope Squirrel
Texas Antelope Squirrel
White-tailed Antelope Squirrel
Nelson’s Antelope Squirrel
Uinta Ground Squirrel
California Ground Squirrel
Belding’s Ground Squirrel
Idaho Ground Squirrel
Columbia Plateau Ground Squirrel
Columbian Ground Squirrel
Wyoming Ground Squirrel
Franklin’s Ground Squirrel
Golden-mantled Ground Squirrel
Mexican Ground Squirrel
Mohave Ground Squirrel
Great Basin Ground Squirrel
Arctic Ground Squirrel
Richardson’s Ground Squirrel
Cascade Ground Squirrel
Spotted Ground Squirrel
Round-tailed Ground Squirrel
Townsend’s Ground Squirrel
Thirteen-lined Ground Squirrel
Rock Squirrel

Washington Ground Squirrel

12

Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University

Cynomysgunnisoni..... ...

Cynomys leucurus ...

Cynomys ludovicianus .....

Cynomys parvidens ........

Sciurus aberti ....

Sciurus arizonensis .....

Sciurus aureogaster* .... ...

Sciurus carolinensis ........

Sciurus griseus.......... ......

Sciurus nayaritensis .....

Sciurus niger .....

Tamiasciurus douglasii ..

Tamiasciurus h udson icus ....

Glaucomys sabrinus ......

Glaucomys volans .....

Family Geomyidae - Pocket Gophers

Thomomys bottae .......

Thomomys bulbivorus ... .....

Thomomys clusius ......

Thomomys idahoensis ....

Thomomys mazama ......

Thomomys monticola .....

Thomomys talpoides .....

Thomomys townsendii .....

Thomomys umbrinus ....

Geomys arenarius .....

Geomys attwateri. .

Geomys breviceps ...

Geomys bursarius ...

Geomysknoxjonesi. ...

Geomys personatus. ......

Geomys pinetis .....

Geomys streckeri ....

Geomys texensis .....

Cratogeomys castanops ........

Family Heterotnyidae - Pocket Mice and Kangaroo Rats

Perognathus altieolus ...

Perognathus amplus ......

Perognathus fasciatus .....

Perognathusjlavescens... .....

Perognathusflavus ........

Perognathus inornatus .....

Perognathus longimembris .....

Perognathus merriami ....

Perognathus parvus. ......

Chaetodipus bailey i ......

Chaetodipus califomicus ......

Chaetodipus eremicus ....

Chaetodipusfallax ....

Chaetodipus formosus ....

Chaetodipus kispidus ....

Chaetodipus intermedius ...

Chaetodipus nelsoni ........

Chaetodipus penicillatus ...

Chaetodiprudinoris ... .....

Chaetodipus spinatus. .....

Microdipodops megacep halu s .....

Microdipodops pallidus ...

. Gunnison’s Prairie Dog
White-tailed Prairie Dog
. Black-tailed Prairie Dog
. Utah Prairie Dog

■ Abert’s Squirrel

. Arizona Gray Squirrel
. Mexican Gray Squirrel
. Eastern Gray Squirrel
. Western Gray Squirrel

■ Mexican Fox Squirrel
. Eastern Fox Squirrel

Douglas’s Squirrel
. Red Squirrel
Northern Flying Squirrel
. Southern Flying Squirrel

Botta’s Pocket Gopher
. Camas Pocket Gopher
Wyoming Pocket Gopher
Idaho Pocket Gopher
Western Pocket Gopher
Mountain Pocket Gopher
Northern Pocket Gopher
Townsend’s Pocket Gopher
Southern Pocket Gopher
Desert Pocket Gopher
Attwater’s Pocket Gopher
Baird’s Pocket Gopher
Plains Pocket Gopher
Jones’s Pocket Gopher
Texas Pocket Gopher
Southeastern Pocket Gopher
Strecker’s Pocket Gopher
Llano Pocket Gopher
Yellow-faced Pocket Gopher

White-eared Pocket Mouse
Arizona Pocket Mouse
Olive-backed Pocket Mouse
Plains Pocket Mouse
Silky Pocket Mouse
San Joaquin Pocket Mouse
Little Pocket Mouse
Merriam’s Pocket Mouse
Great Basin Pocket Mouse
Bailey’s Pocket Mouse
California Pocket Mouse
Chihuahuan Desert Pocket Mouse
San Diego Pocket Mouse
Long-tailed Pocket Mouse
Hispid Pocket Mouse
Rock Pocket Mouse
Nelson’s Pocket Mouse
Sonoran Desert Pocket Mouse
Baja Pocket Mouse
Spiny Pocket Mouse
Dark Kangaroo Mouse
Pale Kangaroo Mouse

Baker et al.— Checklist of North American Mammals, 2003

13

Dipodomys agilis .

Dipodomys californicus ..

Dipodomys compactus .

Dipodomys deserti ..

Dipodomys elator... ...

Dipodomys heermanni .

Dipodomys ingens .......

Dipodomys merriami .

Dipodomys microps .

Dipodomys nitratoides ...

Dipodomys ordii .....

Dipodomys panaminiinus. .

Dipodomys simuians ..

Dipodomys spectabilis ..

Dipodomys stephensi ..

Dipodomys venustus

Liomys irroratus .......

Family Castoridae - Beavers

Castor canadensis ...

Family Muridae - Mice, Rats, and Voles

Oryzomys couesi .....

Oryzomys palustris .

Reithrodontomysfulvescens ...

Reithrodontomys humulis .

Reith rodontomys megabits ....
Reithrodontomys montanus ....
Reithrodontomys raviventris,,

Peromyscus attwateri ..

Peromyscus boylii ..

Peromyscus californicus ..

Peromyscus crinitus ...

Peromyscus eremicus ...

Peromyscusfraterculus .

Peromyscus gossypinus .

Peromyscus gratus ..

Peromyscus keeni. .

Peromyscus leucopus ..

Peromyscus maniculatus ..

Peromyscus melon otis ............

Peromyscus merriami ...

Peromyscus nasulus .

Peromyscuspectoralis .....

Peromyscus polionotus ..

Peromyscus truei ...

Podomysfloridanus .

Ochrotomys n u tta Hi ...

Baiomys taylori ...

Onychomys arenicola .

Onychomys leucogaster .

Onychomys torridus ..

Sigmodon arizonae .

Sigmodon fulviventer ..

Sigmodon hispidus ..

Sigmodon ochrognathus .

Neotoma albigula .

Neotomacinerea .......

Neotoma devia ...

Neotoma jloridana ...

Agile Kangaroo Rat
California Kangaroo Rat
Gulf Coast Kangaroo Rat
Desert Kangaroo Rat
Texas Kangaroo Rat
Heermann’s Kangaroo Rat
Giant Kangaroo Rat
Merriam’s Kangaroo Rat
Chisel-toothed Kangaroo Rat
Fresno Kangaroo Rat
Ord’s Kangaroo Rat
Panamint Kangaroo Rat
Dulzura Kangaroo Rat
Banner-tailed Kangaroo Rat
Stephen’s Kangaroo Rat
Narrow-faced Kangaroo Rat
Mexican Spiny Pocket Mouse

American Beaver

Coues’s Rice Rat

Marsh Rice Rat

Fulvous Harvest Mouse

Eastern Harvest Mouse

Western Harvest Mouse

Plains Harvest Mouse

Salt-marsh Harvest Mouse

Texas Mouse

Brush Mouse

California Mouse

Canyon Mouse

Cactus Mouse

Baja Mouse

Cotton Mouse

Osgood’s Mouse

Keen’s Mouse

White-footed Mouse

Deer Mouse

Black-eared Mouse

Merriam’s Mouse

Northern Rock Mouse

White-ankled Mouse

Oldfield Mouse

Pinon Mouse

Florida Mouse

Golden Mouse

Northern Pygmy Mouse

Mearns’s Grasshopper Mouse

Northern Grasshopper Mouse

Southern Grasshopper Mouse

Arizona Cotton Rat

Tawny-belled Cotton Rat

Hispid Cotton Rat

Yellow-nosed Cotton Rat

Western White-throated Wood rat

Bushy-tailed Wood rat

Arizona Woodrat

Eastern Woodrat

14

Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University

Neotomafuscipes ..

Neotoma lepida ....

Neotoma leucodon ....

Neotoma macrotis .....

Neotoma magister .......

Neotoma mexicana .

Neotoma micropus ......

Neotoma stephensi ...

Rattus norvegicus* ...

Rattus rattus* ...

Mus musculus* ..

Ctethrionomyscalifomicus..., ..

Cleth rionomys gapperi ,.....

Clethrionomys rutilus .

A rborim us albipes ....

Arborimus longicaudus ....

Arborimusporno .......

Phenacomys intermedius .....

Phenacomys ungava ..

Microtus abbreviatus ....

Microtus breweri ....

Microtus californicus ..

Microtus canica udus .

Microtus chrotorrhinus ...

Microtus longicaudus .

Microtus mogollonensis ..

Microtus miurus .....

Microtus montanus .....

Microtus ochrogaster. .

Microtus oeconomus ....

Microtus oregoni ....

Microtus Pennsylvania.is .....................

Microtus pinetorum .......

Microtus richardsoni .....

Microtus townsendii .

Microtus xanth ogn ath us. .

Lemmiscus curtatus .....

Neofiber alleni ...

Ondatra zibethicus.. ...

Lemmus trimucronatus ...

Synaptomys borealis ....

Synaptomys cooperi ...

Dicrostonyx exsul .....

Dicrostonyx groentandicus.... ..

Dicrostonyx hudsonius... .

Dicrostonyx kilangmiutak .

Dicrostonyx nelsoni ......

Dicrostonyxnunatakensis. .

Dicrostonyx richardsoni ...

Dicrostonyx rubricatus ..

Dicrostonyx unalascensis .

Family Zapodidae - Jumping Mice

Zapus hudsonius ..

Zapus princeps... ....

Zapus trinotatus ....

Napaeozapus ins ignis ..

Family Erethizontidae - New World Porcupines
Erethizon dorsatum. .....

Dusky-footed Woodrat
Desert Woodrat

Eastern White-throated Woodrat

Large-eared Woodrat

Appalachian Woodrat

Mexican Woodrat

Southern Plains Woodrat

Stephens’s Woodrat

Norway or Brown Rat

Black or House Rat

House Mouse

Western Red-backed Vole

Southern Red-backed Vole

Northern Red-backed Vole

White-footed Vole

Red Tree Vole

Sonoma Tree Vole

Western Heather Vole

Eastern Heather Vole

Insular Vole

Beach Vole

California Vole

Gray-tailed Vole

Rock Vole

Long-tailed Vole

Mogollon Vole

Singing Vole

Montane Vole

Prairie Vole

Tundra Vole

Creeping Vole

Meadow Vole

Woodland Vole

Water Vole

Townsend’s Vole

Yellow-cheeked or Taiga Vole

Sagebrush Vole

Round-tailed Muskrat

Common Muskrat

Brown Lemming

Northern Bog Lemming

Southern Bog Lemming

St. Lawrence Island Collared Lemming

Peary Land Collared Lemming

Labrador Collared Lemming

Victoria Collared Lemming

Nelson’s Collared Lemming

Ogilvie Mountain Collared Lemming

Richardson’s Collared Lemming

Bering Collared Lemming

Unalaska Collared Lemming

Meadow Jumping Mouse
Western Jumping Mouse
Pacific Jumping Mouse
Woodland Jumping Mouse

North American Porcupine

Baker et al.— Checklist of North American Mammals, 2003

15

Family Myocastoridae - Coypus

Myocastor coypus* ...

ORDER CARNIVORA - Carnivores

Family Canidae - Dogs, Foxes, and Wolves

Canisfamiliaris* ....

Canis latrans .....

Canis lupus . ...

Canis tycoon ...

Canis rufus ...........

Vu Ipes lagopus .....

Vu Ipes macrotis ...

Vulpes velox ......

Vulpes vulpes .........

Urocyon cinereoargenteus ......

Urocyon littoralis ...

Family Ursidae - Bears

Ursus americanus......... ..

Ursus arctos .......

Ursus maritimus .....

Family Otariidae- Eared Seals

Callorhinus ursinus ........

A rctocep halus townsendi ...

Eumetopiasjubatus .....

Zalophuscaliforniums ...

Family Odobenidae - Walrus

Odobenus rosmarus . ...

Family Phocidae - Earless, True, or Hair Seals

Phoca largha ...

Phoca vitulina ....

Pusa hispida.. ......

Halichoerus grypus ...

Pagophilus groenlandicus ...

Histriophoca fasciata ......

Erignathus barbatus ....

Cystoph ora cristata .....

Monach us tropicalis .....

Mirounga angustirostris ....

Family Procyonidae - Raccoons, Ringtails, and Coatis

Bassariscus astutus ..

Procyon lotor .......

Nasua narica.. ......

Family Mustelidae - Weasels, Otters, and Badgers

Martes americana ....

Maries pennanti .....

Mustela erminea............ ...

Mustela frenata ....

Mustela n igripes ......

Mustela nivalis ...

Mustela putorius *..

Mustela vison ..................

Gulogulo .......

Taxidea taxus .......

Lontra canadensis .....

En hydra lu tris . .....

Family Mephitidae - Skunks

Spilogale gracilis .....

Spilogale putorius .,.....

Nutria or Coypu

Feral Dog

Coyote

Gray Wolf

Eastern Timber Wolf

Red Wolf

Arctic Fox

Kit Fox

Swift Fox

Red Fox

Common Gray Fox
Island Gray Fox

American Black Bear
Grizzly or Brown Bear
Polar Bear

Northern Fur-Seal
Guadalupe Fur-Seal
Northern or Steller’s Sea-Lion
California Sea-Lion

Walrus

Spotted Seal
Harbor Seal
Ringed Seal
Gray Seal
Harp Seal
Ribbon Seal
Bearded Seal
Hooded Seal

Caribbean or West Indian Monk Seal
Northern Elephant Seal

Ringtail

Northern Raccoon
White-nosed Coati

American Marten
Fisher

Ermine or Short-tailed Weasel
Long-tailed Weasel
Black-footed Ferret
Least Weasel
European Ferret
American Mink
Wolverine
American Badger
Northern River Otter
Sea Otter

Western Spotted Skunk
Eastern Spotted Skunk

16

Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University

Mephitis macroura ...

Mephitis mephitis .*.

Conepatus leuconotus .

Family Felidae - Cats

Feliscatus* ......

Puma concolor .

Leopardus pardalis .

Leopardus wiedii .....

Herpailurus yaguarondi .

Lynx canadensis ...

Lynx rufus .. ....

Panther a onca ...

ORDER CETACEA - Whales

Family Eschrichtiidae - Gray Whale

Eschrichtius robustu s ..

Family Balaenopteridae - Rorquals

Balaenoptera acutorostrata .

Balaenoptera borealis. .

Balaenoptera brydei .

Balaenoptera musculus ..

Balaenopteraphysalus. ..

Megaptera novaeangliae ................

Family Balaenidae- Right Whales

Eubalaenaglacialis . ....

Balaena mysticetus ..

Family Monodontidae — Beluga and Narwhal

Delp h inapterus leucas. ..

Monodon monoceros ....

Family Delphinidae- Dolphins

Steno bredanens is ..

Turstops truncatus ..

Stenella attenuata ...

Stenella clymene ....

Stenella coeruleoalba ..

Stenellafrontalis. .

Stenella longirostris . ......

Delpkinus capensis ...

Delphinus delphis .

Lagenodelphis hosei ..

Lagenorhynchus acutus .

Lagenorhynchus albirostris .

Lagen orhyn chus obliquidens .

Grampus griseus ...

Peponocephala electra .

Feresa attenuata ...

Pseudorca crassidens ...

Globiceph a la macrorhyn chus .......

Glo bicephala me las...... .

Orcinus orca ......

Lissodelphis borealis ..

Family Phocoenidae - Porpoises

Phocoenaphocoena . ..

Phocoenoides dalli. .

Family Ziphiidae — Beaked Whales

Berardius bairdii ....

Ziphius cavirostris .....

Hooded Skunk
Striped Skunk

White-backed Hog-nosed Skunk
Feral Cat

Mountain Lion or Puma

Ocelot

Mar gay

Jaguarundi

Canada Lynx

Bobcat

Jaguar

Gray Whale

Northern Minke Whale
Sei Whale
Bryde’s Whale
Blue Whale
FinWhale
Humpback Whale

Right Whale
Bowhead Whale

White Whale or Beluga
Narwhal

Rough-toothed Dolphin
Bottlenose Dolphin
Pantropical Spotted Dolphin
Clymene Dolphin
Striped Dolphin
Atlantic Spotted Dolphin
Spinner Dolphin

Long-beaked Saddleback Dolphin
Short-beaked Saddleback Dolphin
Fraser’s Dolphin
Atlantic White-sided Dolphin
White-beaked Dolphin
Pacific White-sided Dolphin
Risso’s Dolphin or Grampus
Melon-headed Whale
Pygmy Killer Whale
False Killer Whale
Short-finned Pilot Whale
Long-tinned Pilot Whale
Killer Whale

Northern Right-whale Dolphin

Harbor Porpoise
Dali’s Porpoise

North Pacific Bottlenose Whale
Goose-beak Whale

Baker et al.— Checklist of North American Mammals, 2003

17

Hyperoodon ampullatus ...

Mesoplodon bidens .....

Mesoplodon carlh ubbsi ..

Mesoplodon densirostris ...

Mesoplodon europaeus .

Mesoplodon ginkgodens ...

Mesoplodon mints ....

Mesoplodon perrin i ....

Mesoplodon stejnegeri ...

Family Kogiidae - Pygmy Sperm Whales

Kogia brev 'tceps ...

Kogia sima .....

Family Physeteridae - Sperm Whales

Physeter macrocep halu s .

ORDER S1RENIA — Sea Cows

Family Trichechidae - Manatees

Trichechus manatus .....

ORDER PERISSOD ACTYLA - Odd-toed Ungulates
Family Equidae - Horses and Asses

Equus asinus* ..

Equus caballus* ........

ORDER ARTIODACTYLA - Even-toed Ungulates
FamilySuidae-Pigs

Sus scrofa* ....

Family Tayassuidae - Peccaries

Pecari tajacu .

Family Cervidae - Deer

Axis axis* ......

Dama dama* .........

Cervus canadensis ..

Cervus nippon* .....

Cervus unicolor* .....

Odocoileus hemionus ....

Odocoileus virginianus .........

Alcesalces .....

Rangifer tarandus ...

Family Antilocapridae - Pronghorn

Antilocapra americana .....

Family Bovidae - Cattle, Antelope, Sheep, and Goats

Bos bison .....

Bos taurus* .....

Boselaphus tragocamelus* ..

Oryxgazella* ....

Antilope eervicapra* ....

Hemitragusjemlahicus* ...

Capra hircus* .....

Capra ibex *....

Oreamnos americanus. ...

Ovibos moschatus ........

OWs aries* .......

Ovis can adensis ....

Ovis dalli ....

Ammotragus lervia* .....

North Atlantic Bottlenose Whale
Sowerby’s Beaked Whale
Hubb’s Beaked Whale
Blainville’s Beaked Whale
Gervais’s Beaked Whale
Ginkgo-toothed Whale
True's Beaked Whale
Perrin’s Beaked Whale
Stejneger “s Beaked Whale

Pygmy Sperm Whale
Dwarf Sperm Whale

Sperm Whale

West Indian or Caribbean Manatee

Feral Ass
Feral Horse

Feral Pig or Wild Boar

Collared Peccary

Axis Deer
Fallow Deer
Wapiti or Elk
Sika Deer
SambarDeer

Mule or Black-tailed Deer
White-tailed Deer
Moose
Caribou

Pronghorn

American Bison

Domestic Cattle

Nilgai

Gemsbok

Blackbuck

Himalayan Tahr

Goat

Ibex

Mountain Goat
Muskox

European Mouflon Sheep
Mountain or Bighorn Sheep
Dali’s or Thinhom Sheep
Barb ary Sheep or Aoudad

18

Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Robert C. Dowler and
Frederick B. Stangl, Jr., for their timely and valuable
reviews of this manuscript, and Jackie Chavez for her
patience and dedication to producing a quality prod¬

uct. We would like to thank Tanya E. Dewey and
Sarah E. Weyandt for use of their unpublished materi¬
als. This publication was supported in part by Texas
Tech University for studies of biodiversity.

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23

Addresses of authors:

Robert J. Baker

Department of Biological Sciences
Museum of Texas Tech University
Texas Tech University
Lubbock, TX 79409-3131
e-mail: rjbaker@Mu.edu

Lisa C. Bradley

Museum of Texas Tech University
Texas Tech University
Lubbock, TX 79409-3191
e-mail: lisa. bradley@ttu. edu

Robert D. Bradley
Department of Biological Sciences
Museum of Texas Tech University
Texas Tech University
Lubbock, TX 79409-3131
e-mail: robert , bradley@ttu. edu

Jerry W, Dragoo

Museum of Southwestern Biology
University of New Mexico
Albuquerque, NM 87131-1091
e-mail: jdragoo@unm. edu

Mark D. Engstrom

Royal Ontario Museum
100 Queen’s Park
Toronto, Ontario
M5S2C6 CANADA
e-mail; marke@rom.on.ca

Robert S. Hoffmann
Smithsonian Institution
P.0Box 37012

Div. Mamm., Natl Mus. Nat. Hist. MRC108
Washington, D.C. 20013-7012
e-mail: hoffmarm. robert@nmnh.si. edu

Cheri A, Jones
Department of Zoology
Denver Museum of Natural History
2001 Colorado Blvd.

Denver ; CO 80205
e-mail: cjones@dmns.org

Fiona Reid

C.BCB, Royal Ontario Museum

100 Queen r s Park

Toronto, Ontario

M5S2C6 CANADA

e-mail: fionar@globalserve. net

Dale W. Rice
14334 Edgewater Lane
Seattle WA 98125-3844
e-mail: dale.rice@noaa.gov

Clyde Jones

Department of Biological Sciences
Museum of Texas Tech University
Texas Tech University
Lubbock, TX 79409-3131
e-ma il: cjmajon es@a ol. co m

Publications of the Museum of Texas Tech University

The Museum of Texas Tech University has a catalog of Occasional Papers which may be viewed online at
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contact the Webmaster and a single hard copy can be provided to you via mail at no charge.

Institutional subscriptions are available through the Museum of Texas Tech University attn: NSRL
Publications Secretary, Box 43191, Lubbock, TX 79409-3191. Individuals may also purchase separate num¬
bers of the Occasional Papers directly from the Museum of Texas Tech University.

ISSN 0149-175X

Museum of Texas Tech University\ Lubbock, TX 79409-3191