C KuLMriTtaJit^ do SED CKLIST w York State T A XTTTO Richard S. Mitchell L.ri.lN 1 Gordon C. Tucker I I I _ _ NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM LIBRARY THE NEW YORK oo-/' GARDEN Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from IMLS LG-70-15-0138-15 https://archive.org/details/revisedchecklist4901mitc Revised Checklist OF New1^)rk State Plants Richard S. Mitchell Gordon C. Tucker Contributions to a Flora of New York State Checklist IV Richard S. Mitchell, Editor 1997 BULLETIN No. 490 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM The University of the State of New York THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Albany, New York 12230 ' THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK Regents of the University Carl T. Hayden, Chancellor, A.B., J.D . Elmira Louise P. Matteoni, Vice Chancellor, B.A., M.A., Ph.D . Bayside Jorge L. Batista, B.A., J.D . Bronx J. Edward Meyer, B.A., LL.B . Chappaqua R. Carlos Carballada, Chancellor Emeritus, B.S . Rochester Norma Gluck, B.A., M.S.W . New York Adelaide L. Sanford, B.A., M.A., P.D . Hollis Walter Cooper, B.A., Ph.D . Rochester Diane O’Neill McGivern, B.S.N., M.A., Ph.D . Staten Island Saul B. Cohen, B.A., M.A., Ph.D . New Rochelle James C. Dawson, A. A., B.A., M.S., Ph.D . Peru Robert M. Bennett, B.A., M.S . Tonawanda Robert M. Johnson, B.S., J.D . Lloyd Harbor Peter M. Pryor, B.A., LL.B, J.D, LL.D . Albany Anthony S. Bottar, B.A., J.D . Syracuse Merryl H. Tisch, B.A., M.A . New York President of The University and Commissioner of Education Richard P. Mills Executive Deputy Commissioner of Education Thomas E. Sheldon Deputy Commissioner for Cultural Education Carole F. Huxley Assistant Commissioner for the State Museum Louis D. Levine Deputy Director of the State Museum Clifford A. Siegfried Chair of the Biological Survey Robert A. Daniels The Slate Education Department does not discriminate on the basis of age. color, religion, creed, disability, marital status, veteran status, national origin, race, gender or sexual orientation in the educational programs and activities which it operates Portions of this publication can be made available in a variety of formats, including braille, large print or audio tape, upon request Inquiries concerning this policy of equal opportunity and affinnative action should be referred to the Department's Director of Diversity, Ethics, and Access, NYS Education Department. 89 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12234 II THIS VOLUME IS DEDICATED TO: HOMER I). HOUSE and STANLEY .1. SMITH CONTENTS Dedication . iii New York State Flora Committee . iv Statement of Purpose . v Foreword . vi Background and Acknowledgments . vii Using this Volume . 1 Pertinent Literature . 3 Tally Tables for New York State Vascular Plants . 5,6 Pteridophytes . 7 Gymnosperms . 24 Dicotyledons . 27 Monocotyledons . 267 Appendix of Excluded Species . 353 Index to Common Names . 358 Index to Genera and Families . 383 The New York State Flora Committee The steering council of the New York State Flora Committee met for the first time on January 19, 1976 and established as its goals the promotion of study of the State’s plant resources and the publication of this series of museum bulletins. These contributions will be continually updated after publication for possible incorporation into larger volumes at a later date. Members of the council at the time of this publication are: Richard S. Mitchell, Chair, State Botanist, N. Y. State Museum, Albany (Vascular Plants) Charles J. Sheviak, Curator of Botany, N. Y. State Museum, Albany (Vascular Plants) Norton G. Miller, N. Y. State Museum, Albany (Bryophytes) Clark T. Rogerson, The N. Y. Botanical Garden, Bronx (Fungi) George J. Schumacher, Biology Dept. SUNY, Binghamton (Algae) IV Statement of Purpose Major Goals of this Publication: 1) To list the vascular plants that occur in New York State outside of cultivation 2) To update the botanical nomenclature pertinent to these plants 3) To call attention to erroneous, doubtful and unvouchered reports Especially in cases involving rare native plants, it is vital that listings of their occurrences are not based on hearsay or old literature reports. It is equally important that species proposed for legal protection are not taxonomically questionable. When endangered and threatened organisms are protected by law, both governmental agencies and private conservation organizations must then incur significant expenses to carry out field research and land acquisition. The quality of biological documentation becomes critical. Unless great care is taken to verify rare species-occurrences, and to demonstrate that the organisms in question are genuinely unique, environmental legislation based on rarity becomes suspect and vulnerable to justifiable attack. This book has as its goal the presentation of the best current assessment of New York plants growing in the wild. It is one more step in an ongoing and complex process of interpreting two centuries of botanical work. We believe that the primary key to success in this venture is not to untangle the historical literature maze, but to continue exploration and reassessment of some half a million existing plant specimens that verify, in an undisputable way, the components of New York’s past and present vegetation. V Foreword Since the publication of A Checklist of New York State Plants (1986), much has happened to increase our knowledge of the State’s green plant resources, and many necessary changes have been made in the realm of plant nomenclature. Times have changed since the mid-1980s, when the New York Natural Heritage Program was in its infancy, and the New York Flora Association had not yet been established. Such important works as the second edition of Cronquist’s manual (Gleason & Cronquist, 1991), a new Pennsylvania atlas (Rhoads & Klein, 1993), two volumes from the Flora North America project (FNA Editorial Committee, 1993), and a revised North American checklist by Kartesz (1994), had not yet been published. Throughout the decade, I have attempted to keep the New York State checklist current, as systematic treatments and revisions appeared, and as new species were added through exploration. In mid- 1995, I asked my colleague, Gordon Tucker, to join me in an effort to prepare a new checklist for publication. His update of the systematics of the monocotyledons, with special emphasis on graminoids, has been a major contribution. This publication presents a plant list based on specimens gathered by botanists during nearly 200 years of field activity in New York State. All binomials that were accepted in House’s (1924) New York checklist are listed — often as synonyms. Major works published since the 1986 checklist have been carefully studied, and all species reported in these works should be accounted-for, either in the list itself or the appendix of excluded species. New York’s rich history of plant collection has left an equally rich array of incorrectly identified plant specimens and false reports of species- occurrences in the State. The New York State Museum houses thousands of plant distribution maps on which notes have been taken for over 90 years, offering a unique, if uneven, historical account of evolving interpretations of the flora. These records, and the annotations on them, often give a clear retrospective of past taxonomic confusions and misrepresentations. Authors who have not consulted these files have no way of gleaning such knowledge from the old, and often incorrect, botanical literature. Some compilers have done botany a disservice by unearthing quantities of misinformation from the old literature and re-publishing the data in modified form {eg. SCS, 1982). By contrast, John Kartesz has chosen to seek evaluation of his unpublished New York State plant list, and we have reported back to him, on a case-by-case basis, our reasons for deleting hundreds of taxa tentatively listed for the State. Many cases merely involved taxonomic disagreements, but a large number of the deletions were directly attributable to documented historical misidentifications and very doubtful, unvouchered reports. Information exchange between compilers can resolve many problems. Even so, the existence of such a schism between current interpretations calls for increased cooperation and careful study, if we are ever to bring state and national plant lists into accord. Richard S. Mitchell - 1996 VI Background and Acknowledgments A work such as this stands on the combined knowledge of generations of botanists and natural history enthusiasts. Without their collections, interpretations and observations, it would be based on current findings and the often-fickle literature of plant floristics and systematics. Prior to the initiation of the first official, comprehensive plant list for New York State by the New York Natural History Survey (Torrey, 1843), a number of local floras were developed and published, often by medical doctors and amateur naturalists. Field botany programs at the New York Lyceum, Rochester Academy of Science, the Buffalo Museum of Science, Cornell and Syracuse Universities, Brooklyn Botanic Garden and the New York Botanical Gardens also contributed greatly to knowledge of the State flora. Botanical clubs, and, more recently, conservation groups, such as The Nature Conservancy, have added much valuable information on wild plant resources. The New York Natural Heritage Program maintains databases and conducts site-visits to rare plant locations, documenting population sizes and ecological associates of species in danger of extirpation. The past and present botanical staffs of the New York State Museum, have contributed substantially to knowledge of the State flora, maintaining detailed distribution records for over a century and a half, seeking to obtain specimens of all known plants of the Northeast for deposit and study at the New York State Herbarium (NYS). Particularly important are the historical collections of John Torrey, Charles H. Peck, Homer D. House and Stanley J. Smith. These, along with accompanying notes, publications and annotations, were the basis for the 1986 checklist, and they continue to be of critical importance to the contents of this and future books. In the past decade, Arthur Cronquist was a major influence on this work. Not only his help with the Asteraceae, but his enthusiasm and support throughout the later years of his life are remembered with immense gratitude. Also missed are the many valued suggestions willingly offered by Joseph Beitel when consulted on the club mosses. Currently, we wish to thank the following colleagues for help with this and former volumes: Eric Lamont, for his recent extensive appraisal of the Asteraceae; Charles Sheviak (Orchidaceae); Lincoln Constance (Apiaceae); William Crins (Cyperaceae); Warren Wagner (Pteridophytes); Steve Clemants (Juncaceae, Chenopodiaceae); George Argus (Salicaceae); Chris Campbell {Amelanchier)\ Ed Cope (Gymnosperms); John Furlow (Betulaceae); Eugene Ogden (Potamogetonaceae); Ihsan Al-Shehbaz (Brassicaceae); Garrett Crow & Barre Hellquist (various aquatic plant groups). Thanks to Warren Broderick for proofing help, and special thanks to Ken Dean for his ongoing suggestions. Thanks to Steven Young of the New York Natural Heritage Program and Douglas Schmid of the DEC for providing current codes and proposed ranks for rare species. Finally, particular recognition should go to John Kartesz, who generously shared with us his unpublished compilation of New York State plant names. vii Using this Volume The Classification System: Arrangement of the pteridophytes follows the format of Flora of North America, volume 2 (1993). The phylogenetic system for angiosperms is that proposed by Arthur Cronquist (1981). Scientific Names: Accepted names appear in boldface italics, flush-left on the page, followed by names of the describing and publishing authors responsible for current usage (authority-names are often abbreviated). Common Names: These appear in small caps to the right of the scientific name. They are primarily taken from 20th century publications that treat northeastern plants - chosen because they have a place in the vernacular. Common names have not been invented; however, certain rare plant names generated within The Nature Conservancy are listed when in frequent use by Natural Heritage Program staffs in the northeast. Synonymy: ■ Synonyms for species and infraspecific taxa are listed below the currently-accepted names (within brackets and parentheses; italic, non¬ boldface). We have tried to include all taxa reported for New York State by major 20th century manuals and checklists, listing as synonyms those combinations that the authors and their consultants do not find applicable, whether on nomenclatural or taxonomic grounds. ■ Synonyms for genera are included when they are pertinent to historical use with reference to the New York State flora. Many of these names are taken directly from House’s (1924) checklist, which was written in compliance with the American Code of Nomenclature, prior to the acceptance of international standards in 1932. Rarity Codes: For a more details on this coding system and the legal status of State and Federal rarities, see the latest edition of the New York State Rare Plant Status List, available from the Department of Environmental Conservation or New York Natural Heritage Program. New York State Status - listed here as "State:" Italics = the most recently proposed status at the time of this publication. U - Unprotected: it has been recommended that, under State law, the "U" status should apply only to extirpated (and non-rare) species. E - Endangered: five or fewer sites, or fewer than 1,000 individuals known in New York State. T - Threatened: 6-19 sites, or fewer than 3,000 individuals known in New York State. 1 TNC Rank: The Nature Conservancy has developed a two-part code that is currently in use by all Natural Heritage Programs in the United States to rank species on the basis of global and state rarity. Global: G1 (globally imperiled) through G5 (globally secure) GII = Historical: no known extant sites, but may be rediscovered GX = The species is believed to be extinct State: SI (critically imperiled in the state) through S5 (demonstrably secure in the state) SH = Historical: no known extant sites in the state, but may be rediscovered SX = The species is believed to be extirpated in the state Symbols: * An asterisk indicates that a species is not native to New York State. This designation applies both to foreign, introduced plants and North American plants that occur in New York State only as invasive weeds or garden escapes. signifies doubtful native status. 4 A cross indicates that a species is not persistent in New York State. Without an asterisk, it denotes an extirpated native species. Such a species has been reported from New York State, with at least one voucher specimen reliably verified, but with no populations currently surviving in sites where they originally occurred. This symbol is applied in cases where original habitats have been altered beyond recovery, or when reports are very old, making rediscovery unlikely. 4 * This combination of symbols marks a non-persistent species that is also not native. Such plants, often called waifs or ephemerals, have established in New York State by chance dispersal or escaped from cultivation in the past, but are not currently known from the wild. Appendix of Excluded Taxa: This is one of the more important features of the book. Please consult this appendix when a scientific name is not found in the main list, either as an accepted binomial or a synonym. Misidentifications have often accounted for incorrect reports, so hundreds of species once listed for New York State without cited voucher specimens are unlikely to have ever occurred here. Species for which vouchers are reported and still likely to be found are included in the main list with the annotation: "report only". If you know of a New York specimen of a previously unvouchered species, whether it is newly collected or in a herbarium, please report it to the Natural Heritage Program and State Museum, so that the species may be documented as a rarity and re-listed for publication in future flora volumes. 2 Pertinent Literature Clemants. S. E. 1990. Juncaceae (Rush Family) of New York State. Contr. to a Flora of New York State VII. New York State Mus. Bull. 475. 68 pp. Clemants, S. E. 1992. Chenopodiaceae and Amaranthaceae of New York State. Contr. to a Flora of New York State X. New York State Mus. Bull. 485. 100 pp. (in press) Cope, E. A. 1992. Pinophyta (Gymnosperms) of New York State. Contr. to a Flora of New York State IX. New York State Mus. Bull. 483. 80 pp. Cronquist, A. 1981. An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants. New York. 1262 pp. Fernald, M. L. 1950. Gray’s Manual of Botany. 8th Ed. American Book Company, New York, 1632 pp. Furlow, J. J. & R. S. Mitchell. 1990. Betulaceae through Cactaceae of New York State. Contr. to a Flora of New York State VIII. New York State Mus. Bull. 476. 94 pp. Flora North America Committee (ed.). 1993. Flora of North America North of Mexico. Vol. II. Oxford University Press. New York, Oxford, xvi + 475 pp. Gleason, H. A. 1952. The New Britton & Brown Illustrated Flora of the United States and Adjacent Canada. Hafner Press, New York. 3 Vols., 1726 pp. Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of Vascular Plants of the Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. 910 pp. House, H. D. 1924. Annotated List of the Ferns and Flowering Plants of New York State. New York State Mus. Bull. 254, 759 pp. Kartesz, J. T. 1994. A Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of the United States, Canada and Greenland. 2nd Ed. Timber Press, Portland Oregon. 2 Vols. 1438 pp. Miller, N. G. & R. S. Mitchell. 1995. Tracking the mosses and vascular plants of New York (1836-1994). pp. 209-210. In: LaRoe, E. T., G. S. Farris, C. E. Puckett, P. D. Doran & M. J. Mac (eds.) Our Living 3 Resources: A Report to the Nation on the Distribution, Abundance and Health of U. S. Plants, Animals and Ecosystems. U. S. Dept. Interior, National Biological Service, Washington, DC., 530 pp. Mitchell, R. S. & J. K. Dean. 1978. Polygonaceae (Buckwheat Family) of New York State. New York State Mus. Bull. 431. 81 pp. Mitchell, R. S. & E. O. Beal. 1979. Magnoliaceae through Ceratophyllaceae of New York State. New York State Mus. Bull. 435. 62 pp. Mitchell, R. S. & C. J. Sheviak. 1981. Rare Plants of New York State. New York State Mus. Bull. 445. 96 pp. Mitchell, R. S. & J. K. Dean. 1982. Ranunculaceae (Crowfoot Family) of New York State. New York State Mus. Bull. 446. 100 pp. Mitchell, R. S. 1983. Berberidaceae through Fumariaceae of New York State. New York State Mus. Bull. 451. 66 pp. Mitchell, R. S. 1986. A Checklist of New York State Plants. New York State Mus. Bull. 458. 272 pp. Mitchell, R. S. 1988. Platanaceae through Myricaceae of New York State. New York State Mus. Bull. 464. 98 pp. Mitchell, R. S. 1993. Portulacaceae through Caryophyllaceae of New York State. New York State Mus. Bull. 486. 124 pp. New York Flora Association. 1990. Preliminary Vouchered Atlas of New York State Flora, (xerographic), 498 pp. Rhoads, A. F. & W. M. Klein Jr. 1993. The Vascular Flora Pennsylvania Annotated Checklist and Atlas. American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia. 636 pp. Smith, S. J. 1965. Checklist of the Grasses of New York State. New York State Mus. Bull. 403. 44 pp. Soil Conservation Service. 1982. National List of Scientific Plant Names. USDA, Washington, DC. SCS TP-159, v. 1, 416 pp.; v. 2., 438 pp. Young, S. M. (ed.) 1996. New York Natural Heritage Program, Rare Plant Status List, (xerographic) N. Y. Nat. Heritage Prog. 72 pp. 4 Tally of New York State Vascular Plant Species Plant Group Native Non-Native Total Persisting Pteridophytes 102 (3)* 6(4) 115 108 Gymnosperms 17 (1) 12 (1) 31 29 Dicots 1194 (50) 922 (245) 2411 2116 Monocots 765 (30) 177 (74) 1046 942 Total 2078 (84) 1117 (324) 3603 3195 Tally of Putative Hybrids Plant Group Native Non-Native Total Persisting Pteridophytes 33 - 33 33 Dicots 123 (16) 40 (-) 179 163 Monocots 25 (2) 2(1) 30 27 Total 171 (18) 42 (1) 232 213 Tally of Additional Subspecies and Varieties Plant Group Native Non-Native Total Pteridophytes 3 — 3 Gymnosperms 1 ” 1 Dicots no 28 138 Monocots 62 5 67 Total 176 33 209 *Numbers in parentheses represent extirpated or non-persistent species. 5 Tally of All Taxa Plant Group Native Non-Native Total Persisting Pteridophytes 138 (8) 6(4) 156 144 Gymnosperms 18(1) 12 (1) 32 30 Dicots 1427 (66) 991 (244) 2728 2418 Monocots 852 (94) 183 (75) 1204 1045 Total 2435 (169) 1192 (324) 4120 3627 Comparison of Recent Checklists: Mitchell Mitchell & Tucker 1986 1997 Net Native Species Persisting 1940 2078 +138 Native Species Extirpated 59 84 +25 Non-native Species Persisting 1082 1117 +35 Non-native Species Extirpated 314 324 +10 Total Reported Species 3395 3603 +208 Total Species Persisting 3022 3195 +173 Excluded Species " 184 -184 Historical Documentation of Vascular Plant Species Torrey 1843 House 1924 Mitchell 1986 Mitchell & Tucker 1997 Pteridophytes: 59 94 110 115 Gymnosperms: 14 25 29 31 Angiosperms: 1379 2825 3256 3457 Totals 1452 2944 3395 3603 6 Division: Lycopodiophyta Class: Lycopodiopsida Order: Lycopodiales LYCOPODIACEAE (CLUBMOSS FAMILY) Huperzia Bernh. Synonym: Lycopodium L. in part Huperzia appalachiana Mickei & Beitel mountain FIRMOSS, mountain FIR CLUBMOSS {Lycopodium selago L. in part) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G3 S2 Huperzia lucidula (Michx.) Trev. SHINING FIRMOSS, SHINING FIR CLUBMOSS [Lycopodium lucidulum Michx.; var. occidentale (Clute) Wilson; var. tiyonii Mohlenbr.] Huperzia lucidula x porophila = H. x bartkyi (Cusick) Kartesz & Gandhi FIRMOSS, FIR CLUBMOSS {Lycopodium lucidulum x porophilum) Huperzia selago (L.) Bernh. ex Schrank & Mart. NORTHERN FIRMOSS, FIR CLUBMOSS {H. selago var. densa Trev.; Lycopodium selago L.) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SH Lycopodiella Holub Synonyms: Lycopodium L. in part; Pseudolycopodiella Holub Lycopodiella abpecuroides (L.) Cranfill FOXTAIL CLUBMOSS {Lycopodium alopecuroides L.) Lycopodiella alopecuroides x appressa = L. x copelandii (Eiger) Cranfill COPELAND'S CLUBMOSS {Lycopodium copelandii Eiger) Lycopodiella alopecuroides x inundata CLUBMOSS {Lycopodium alopecuroides x inundatum) 7 Lycopodiella appressa (Chapm.) Cranfill SWAMP CLUBMOSS [Lycopodium appressum (Chapm.) Lloyd & Underw.; L. inundatum var. appressum Chapm.; var. bigelovii Tuckerm.] Lycopodiella appressa x inundata CLUBMOSS (Lycopodium appressum x inundatum) Lycopodiella caroliniana (L.) Pichi Sermolli CAROLINA CLUBMOSS, CAROLINA GROUND-PINE [Lycopodium carolinianum L.; Pseudolycopodiella caroliniana (L.) Holub] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Lycopodiella inundata (L.) Holub NORTHERN BOG CLUBMOSS, MARSH CLUBMOSS (Lycopodium inundatum L.) Lycopodium L. Synonyms: Diphasiastnim Holub; Diphasium Presl Lycopodium annotinum L. BRISTLY CLUBMOSS, STIFF CLUBMOSS var. annotinum var. pungens (La Pyl.) Desv. (L. annotinum var. acrifolium Fern.; L. dubium Zoega) Lycopodium clavatum L. RUNNING-CEDAR, STAGHORN CLUBMOSS, WOLF’S-CLAWS, BUCKHORN, CORAL CLUBMOSS Lycopodium complanatum L. NORTHERN RUNNING-PINE, CHRISTMAS GREEN, GROUND-CEDAR [Diphasiastrum complanatum (L.) Holub; Diphasium complanatum (L.) Rothm.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Lycopodium complanatum x tristachyum = L. x zeilleri (Rouy) Viet. ZEILLER’S RUNNING-PINE, ZEILLER’S CLUBMOSS [Diphasiastrum x zeilleri (Rouy) Holub; Diphasium complanatum x tristachyum] Lycopodium dendroideum Michx. NORTHERN TREE CLUBMOSS, ground- PINE [L. obscurum var. dendroideum (Michx.) D. Eaton] 8 Lycopodium digitatum Dill, ex A. Br. RUNNING-PINE, SOUTHERN GROUND- CEDAR, STAGHORN EVERGREEN, WOLFS-CLAWS [Diphasiastmm digitatum (A. Br.) Holub; L. complanatum L. var. complanatum of early authors; var. flabelliforme Fern.; L. flabelliforme (Fern.) Blanch.] Lycopodium digitatum x tristachyum = L. x habereri House HABERER’S GROUND-PINE, RUNNING-PINE [Diphasiastmm digitatum x tristachyum-, L. complanatum var. habereri (House) Boiv.j Lycopodium hickeyi Wagner, Beitel & Moran HICKEY'S CLUBMOSS, GROUND-PINE, PRINCE'S PINE [L. obscumm var. isophyllum (Michx.) D. Eaton] Lycopodium lagopus (Laest. & Hartm.) Zins. ex Kuzen.-Proch. ONE-CONE CLUBMOSS, RUNNING-CEDAR [L. clavatum var. brevispicatum C. Peck; var. megastachyon Fern.; var. monostachyon Grev. & Hooker] Lycopodium obscurum L. GROUND-PINE, TREE CLUBMOSS Lycopodium sitchense Rupr. SITKA CLUBMOSS [Diphasiastmm sitchense (Rupr.) Holub; L. sabinifolium var. sitchense (Rupr.) Fern.] Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G5 SI Lycopodium sitchense x tristachyum = L. x sabinifolium Willd. CYPRESS CLUBMOSS, FIR-CLUBMOSS, GROUND-FIR, JUNIPER CLUBMOSS [Diphasiastmm sabinifolium (Willd.) Holub; L. sabinaefolium of authors; L. sabinifolium var. sharonense Blake] Lycopodium tristachyum Pursh GROUND-PINE, GROUND-CEDAR, NORTHERN GROUND-PINE [Diphasiastmm tristachyum (Pursh) Holub; Diphasium tristachyum (Pursh) Rothm.] 9 Class: Isoetopsida Order: Selaginellales SELAGINELLACEAE (SPIKEMOSS FAMILY) Selaginella Beauv. Synonym: Lycopodium L. in part Selaginella apoda (L.) Fern. CREEPING SPIKEMOSS, meadow spikemoss {Lycopodium apodum L.; S. eclipes Buck) Selaginella rupestris (L.) Spring ROCK SPIKEMOSS {Lycopodium mpestre L.) Order: Isoetales ISOETACEAE (QUILLWORT FAMILY) Isoetes L. hoetes echinospora Durieu STIFF QUILLWORT, SPINY-SPORED QUiLLWORT [/. braunii Durieu; I. echinospora ssp. muricata (Durieu) A. & D. Love var. braunii (Durieu) Engelm. ex A. Gray; I. muricata Durieu] Isoetes echinospora x engelmannii = /. x eatonii Dodge EATON’S QUILLWORT (/. X gravesii A. Eaton) Isoetes engelmannii A. Br. ENGELMANN’S QUILLWORT [/. valida (Engelm.) Clute] Isoetes engelmannii x riparia = /. x brittonii Brunton & Taylor BRITTON’S QUILLWORT Isoetes lacustris L. DEEP WATER QUILLWORT, LARGE-SPORED QUILLWORT {I. heiroglyphica A. Eaton; 1. macrospora Durieu) Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G4G5 S3 Isoetes lacustris x tuckermanii = /. x heterospora A. Eaton QUILLWORT (/. macrospora x tuckermanii) 10 Isoetes riparia Engelm. ex A. Br. RIVERBANK QUILLWORT [/. dodgei A. Eaton; /. riparia var. amesii (A. Eaton) Proctor; var. canadensis Engelm.; var. robbinsii (A. Eaton) Proctor; I. saccharata var. amesii A. Eaton] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4 SI Isoetes tuckermanii A. Br. ex Engelm. TUCKERMAN’S QUILLWORT (/. acadiensis Kott; /. tuckermanii var. borealis A. Eaton) Division: Equisetophyta Class: Equisetopsida Order: Equisetales EQUISETACEAE (HORSETAIL FAMILY) Equisetum L. Equisetum arvense L. FIELD HORSETAIL, COMMON HORSETAIL, BOTTLEBRUSH, SCOURING RUSH (E. arvense var. boreale Bong.) Equisetum arvense x Jluviatile = E. x litorale Kuhl. ex Rupr. SHORE HORSETAIL Equisetum Jluviatile L. WATER HORSETAIL, PIPES Equisetum hyemale L. SCOURING RUSH, PIPES (HORSETAIL) var. affine (Engelm.) A. Eaton [E. hyemale var. elatum (Engelm.) Morton; var. pseudohyemale (Farw.) Morton; E. praealtum Raf.; E. robustum A. Br.] Equisetum hyemale var. affine x laevigatum — E. x ferrisii Clute FERRIS’ SCOURING RUSH (REPORT ONLY) [£■. hyemale var. elatum (Engelm.) Morton; var. intermedium A. Eaton] Equisetum hyemale x variegatum = E. x mackii (Newm.) Brich. ROUGH- TOOTH SCOURING RUSH {E. X trachydon R. Br.; E. variegatum var. jesupii A. Eaton) Equisetum laevigatum A. Br. SMOOTH SCOURING RUSH, HORSETAIL (E. funstonii A. Eaton; E. kansanum Schaffn.) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI 11 Equisetum laevigatum x variegatum = E. x nelsonii (A. Eaton) Schaffn. NELSON’S SCOURING RUSH (E. laevigatum var. nelsonii A. Eaton) Equisetum palustre L. MARSH HORSETAIL (E. palustre var. americanum Viet.; var. ramosissimum Peck) Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G5 SI Equisetum pratense Ehrh. MEADOW HORSETAIL Rarity Status: State: T TNG Rank: G5 S2 Equisetum scirpoides Michx. DWARF SCOURING RUSH, SEDGE-HORSETAIL Equisetum sylvaticum L. woodland HORSETAIL, BOTTLEBRUSH [E. sylvaticum var. multiramosum (Fern.) Wherry; var. pauciramosum Milde] Equisetum variegatum Schleich. ex Weber & Mohr variegated HORSETAIL Division: Polypodiophyta Class: Polypodiopsida Order: Ophioglossales OPHIOGLOSSACEAE (ADDER’S-TONGUE FAMILY) Botrychium Sw. Botrychium campestre W. Wagner PRAIRIE MOONWORT Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G2 SH Botrychium dissectum Spreng. CUT-LEAF GRAPE-FERN, DISSECTED GRAPE FERN [B. dissectum var. elongatum Gilb. & Haberer; var. obliquum (Muhl. ex Willd.) Clute; B. obliquum Muhl. ex Willd. var. dissectum (Spreng.) Prantl] Botrychium lanceolatum (Gmel.) Angstr. LANCE-LEAF GRAPE-FERN var. angustisegmentum Pease & Moore \B- angustisegmentum (Pease & Moore) Fern.] 12 Botrychium lunaria (L.) Sw. MOONWORT [B. lunaria var. onondagense (Underw.) House; B. onondagense Underw.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Botrychium matricariifolium (A. Br. ex Doll) A. Br. ex Koch MATRICARY GRAPE-FERN, DAISY-LEAF GRAPE-FERN (B. neglectum Wood) Botrychium minganense Viet. MINGAN MOONWORT [B. lunaria var. minganense (Viet.) Dole] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4 SI Botrychium muUifidum (Gmel.) Rupr. LEATHERY GRAPE-FERN [B. matricariae (Schrank) Spreng.; B. silaifolium Presl] Botrychium oneidense (Gilb.) House BLUNT-LOBED GRAPE-FERN, ONEIDA GRAPE-FERN [B. dissectum var. oneidense (Gilb.) Clute; B. dissectum x multifidum; B. multifidum var. oneidense (Gilb.) Farw.; B. obliquum var. oneidense (Gilb.) Waters] Botrychium rugulosum W. Wagner RUGULOSE GRAPE-FERN [B. ternatum of American authors, not (Thunb.) Sw.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G3 SI Botrychium simplex E. Hitchc. LEAST MOONWORT, DWARF GRAPE-FERN [B. simplex var. tenebrosum (A. Eaton) Clausen; var. laxifolium Clausen, not (Clausen) Fern.; B. tenebrosum A. Eaton] Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw. RATTLESNAKE FERN Ophioglossum L. Ophioglossum pusillum Raf. NORTHERN ADDER’S-TONGUE {O. vulgatum var. pseudopodum (S. Blake) Farw.; var. vulgatum of authors, not L.] 13 Order: Polypodiales OSMUNDACEAE (ROYAL-FERN FAMILY) Osmunda L. Osmunda cinnamomea L. cinnamon fern Osmunda claytoniana L. INTERRUPTED FERN Osmunda regalis L. ROYAL FERN, FLOWERING-FERN var. spectabilis (Willd.) A. Gray (O. spectabilis Willd.) SCHIZAEACEAE (CURLYGRASS FAMILY) Schizaea J. Smith Schizaea pusilla Pursh CURLYGRASS, CURLYGRASS FERN Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G3 SI LYGODIACEAE (CLIMBING FERN FAMILY) Lygodium Sw. Lygodium palmatum (Bernh.) Sw. CLIMBING FERN, HARTFORD FERN, CREEPING FERN Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4 SI PTERIDACEAE (MAIDENHAIR FAMILY) Adiantum L. Adiantum pedatum L. MAIDENHAIR FERN, NORTHERN MAIDENHAIR Cheilanthes Sw. Synonym: Nephrodium Rich, in part 4 Cheilanthes lanosa (Michx.) D. Eaton ex Emory woolly lip-FERN, HAIRY LIP-FERN [C. tomentosa of NY reports, not Link; C. vestita (Spreng.) Sw.; Nephrodium lanosum Michx.] Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G5 SX 14 Cryptogramma R. Br. Cryptogramma stelleri (S. Gmel.) PrantI ex Engl. SLENDER CLIFF BRAKE, SLENDER CLIFF-BRAKE Pellaea Link Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link PURPLE CLIFF BRAKE (P. atropurpurea var. cristata Trel.) Pellaea glabella Mett. ex Kuhn SMOOTH CLIFF BRAKE (P. atropurpurea var. bushii Mackz.) Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 Pteris L. 4 *Pteris multiflda Poir. SPIDER BRACKEN, CHINESE BRAKE VITTARIACEAE (SHOESTRING FERN FAMILY) Vittaria Sm. Vittaria appalachiana Farrar & Mickel APPALACHIAN SHOESTRING FERN, APPALACHIAN VITTARIA (APPALACHIAN GAMETOPHYTES) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4 SI Note: This species is known in NY by its minute gametophyte generation only. HYMENOPHYLLACEAE (FILMY FERN FAMILY) Trichomanes L. Trichomanes intricatum Farrar APPALACHIAN TRICHOMANES, WEFT FERN (APPALACHIAN GAMETOPHYTES) Note: This species is known in NY by its minute gametophyte generation only. DENNSTAEDTIACEAE (BRACKEN FAMILY) Dennstaedtia Bernh. Synonym: Nephrodium Rich, in part Dennstaedtia punctilobula (Michx.) Moore HAY-SCENTED FERN {Nephrodium punctilohulum Michx.) 15 Pteridium Gled. ex Scop. Synonym: Pteris L. in part Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn ex Decken BRACKEN, BRAKE-FERN, BRAKE var. latiusculum (Desv.) Underw. ex Heller NORTHEASTERN BRACKEN [P. aquilinum var. champlainense Boivin; P. latiusculum (Desv.) Hieron, not Maxon; Pteris latiuscula Desv.] var. pseudocaudatum (Clute) Heller SOUTHEASTERN BRACKEN [P. latiusculum var. pseudocaudatum (Clute) House; Pteris aquilina L. var. pseudocaudata Clute] THELYPTERIDACEAE (MARSH FERN FAMILY) Phegopteris Fee Synonyms: Dryopteris Adans. in part; Thelypteris Schmid, in part Phegopteris connectilis (Michx.) Watt NORTHERN BEECH FERN, LONG BEECH FERN, NARROW BEECH FERN [Dryopteris phegopteris (L.) Christ.; P. polypodioides Fde; Polypodium connectile Michx.; Thelypteris phegopteris (L.) Slosson ex Rydb.] Phegopteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) F6e BROAD BEECH FERN [Dryopteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) Christ.; Thelypteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) Nieuwl.] Thelypteris Schmid. Synonyms: Acrostichum L. in part; Aspidium Sw. in part; Dryopteris Adans. in part Thelypteris noveboracensis (L.) Nieuwl. NEW YORK FERN [Dryopteris noveboracensis (L.) A. Gray] Thelypteris palustris Schott MARSH FERN [Acrostichum thelypteris L.; Dryopteris thelypteris (L.) Sw., not A. Gray; T thelypteris (L.) House; T. thelypteroides (L.) Holub] var. pubescens (Laws.) Fern. Thelypteris simulata (Davenp.) Nieuwl. MASSACHUSETTS FERN, BOG FERN [Aspidium simulatum Davenp.; Dryopteris simulata of authors, not Davenp. (as a synonym only); D. simulata (Davenp.) Underw.] 16 BLECHNACEAE (DEER FERN FAMILY) Woodwardia J. Smith Synonyms: Acrostichum L. in part; Anchistea Presl; Blechnum L. in part; Lorinseria Presl Woodwardia areolata (L.) Moore NETTED CHAIN FERN, NARROW-LEAF CHAIN FERN [Acrostichum areolatum L.; Lorinseria areolata (L.) C. Presl] Woodwardia virginica (L.) Sm. VIRGINIA CHAIN FERN [Anchistea virginica (L.) C. Presl; Blechnum virginicum L.j ASPLENIACEAE (SPLEENWORT FAMILY) Asplenium L. Synonyms: x Asplenosorus Wherry; Camptosorus Link; Phyllitis Hill Asplenium bradleyi D. Eaton BRADLEY SPLEENWORT (A. montanum x platyneurom, A. x stotleri Wherry) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G3 SH Asplenium montanum Willd. mountain SPLEENWORT Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 Asplenium platyneuron (L.) BSP. EBONY SPLEENWORT [A. platyneuron var. incisum (Howe ex Peck) B. Robinson] Asplenium platyneuron x rhizophyllum WALKING SPLEENWORT Note: Ours is the sterile hybrid. Fertile plants, designated A. ebenoides R. Scott, are known only from Alabama. [A. X ebenoides of NY reports, not R. Scott; A. platyneuron x Camptosorus rhizophyllus; x Asplenosorus ebenoides (R. Scott) Wherry] Asplenium rhizophyllum L. WALKING FERN [A. rhizophylla of L. and other authors; Camptosorus rhizophyllus (L.) Link] Asplenium ruta-muraria L. WALL-RUE SPLEENWORT [A. cryptolepis Fern.; A. ruta-muraria var. cryptolepis (Fern.) Wherry] 17 Asplenium scobpendrium L. HART’S-TONGUE FERN var. americanum (Fern.) Kartesz & Gandhi AMERICAN HART’S TONGUE [Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newm.; var. americanum Fern.; Scolopendrium vulgare Sm.j Rarity Status: Federal Rank: T State: E TNC Rank: G4T3 S2 Asplenium trichomanes L. MAIDENHAIR SPLEENWORT {A. trichomanes var. quadrivalens D. Meyer) Asplenium trichomanes-ramosum L. GREEN SPLEENWORT (A. viride Hudson) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4 SI DRYOPTERIDACEAE (WOOD FERN FAMILY) Athyrium Roth Synonym: Aspidium L. in part Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth ex Mertens LADY FERN var. angustum (Willd.) Lawson NORTHERN LADY-FERN [Aspidium angustum Willd.; Athyrium angustum (Willd.) C. Presl; A. asplenioides (Michx.) Desv. of authors in part] var. asplenioides (Michx.) Farw. SOUTHERN LADY-FERN [Athyrium asplenioides (Michx.) Desv.] Cyrtomium K. Presl *Cyrtomium fakatum (L. f.) C. Presl JAPANESE HOLLY FERN Cystopteris Bernh. Synonyms: Filix L. in part; Nephrodium Rich, in part Cystopteris bulbifera (L.) Bernh. BULBLET FERN [Filix bulbifera (L.) Underw.; Polypodium bulbiferum L.] Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. FRAGILE FERN, BRITTLE FERN [Filbc fragilis (L.) Gilib.; Polypodium fragile L.] Cystopteris protrusa (Weath.) Blasd. LOWLAND FRAGILE FERN (C fragilis var. protrusa Weath.) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI 18 Cystopteris tenuis (Michx.) Desv. FRAGILE FERN (C. fragilis var. mackayi Laws.; Nephrodium tenue Michx.) Deparia Hooker & Grev. Synonyms: Asplenium L. in part; Athyrium Roth in part; Diplazium Sw. in part Deparia acrostichoides (Sw.) Kato SILVERY SPLEENWORT, SILVERY GLADE FERN [Asplenium acrostichoides Sw.; Athyrium thelypteroides (Michx.) Desv.; Diplazium acrostichoides (Sw.) Butters] Diplazium Sw. Synonym: Athyrium Roth in part Diplazium pycnocarpon (Sprang.) M. Broun GLADE FERN, NARROW-LEAF GLADE FERN, NARROW-LEAF SPLEENWORT [Athyrium pycnocarpon (Spreng.) Tidestr.j Dryopteris Adans. Synonyms: Aspidium Sw. in part; Polypodium L. in part; Thelypteris Schmid, in part Dryopteris campyloptera (Kunze) Clarkson MOUNTAIN WOOD FERN, SPREADING WOOD FERN, SPREADING SHIELD FERN [Aspidium campyloptera Kunze; D. austriaca of authors, not (Jacq.) Woyner; D. dilatata var. americana (Fisch. ex Kunze) Benedict; D. spinulosa var. americana (Fisch. ex Kunze) Fern.; Thelypteris dilatata (Hoffm.) House; var. americana (Fisch.) House] Dryopteris carthusiana (Vili.) Fuchs SPINULOSE WOOD FERN [D. austriaca var. spinulosa (Miill.) Fiori; D. spinulosa (Miill.) Watt; Polypodium carthusianum Vill.; Thelypteris spinulosa (Miill.) Nieuwl.] Dryopteris carthusiana x celsa SPINULOSE LOG FERN {D. celsa x spinulosa) Dryopteris carthusiana x clintoniana = D. x. benedictii (Farw.) Wherry BENEDICT’S WOOD FERN (D. clintoniana x spinulosa) 19 Dryopteris carthusiana x cristata = D. x uliginosa (A. Br. ex Dowell) Druce SPINULOSE CRESTED WOOD FERN (D. cristata x spinulosa) Dryopteris carthusiana x intermedia = D. x triploidea Wherry WOOD FERN [D. austriaca var. fructuosa (Gilb.) Mort.; D. intermedia x spinulosa] Dryopteris carthusiana x marginalis = D. x pittsfordensis Slossen WOOD FERN (£). marginalis x spinulosa) Dryopteris celsa (Palmer) Knowit., Palmer & Poll. LOG FERN Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4 SH Dryopteris celsa x cristata CRESTED LOG FERN Dryopteris celsa x goldiana LOG FERN Dryopteris celsa x intermedia = D. x separabilis Small GLANDULAR LOG FERN Dryopteris celsa x marginalis = D. x leedsii Wherry MARGINAL LOG FERN Dryopteris clintoniana (D. Eaton ex A. Gray) Dowell CLINTON’S SHIELD FERN {D. cristata var. clintoniana (D. Eaton ex A. Gray) Underw.; Thelypteris clintoniana (D. Eaton ex A. Gray) House] Dryopteris clintoniana x goldiana WOOD FERN Dryopteris clintoniana x intermedia = D. x dowellii (Farw.) Wherry DOWELL’S WOOD FERN Dryopteris clintoniana x marginalis = D. x burgessii Boivin BURGESS’ SHIELD FERN Dryopteris cristata (L.) A. Gray CRESTED WOOD FERN, CRESTED SHIELD FERN [Polypodium cristatum L.; Thelypteris cristata (L.) Nieuwl.] Dryopteris cristata x intermedia = D. x boottii (Tuckerm.) Underw. BOOTT’S WOOD FERN Dryopteris cristata x marginalis = D. x slossonae (Hahne) Wherry CRESTED MARGINAL FERN 20 *Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott MALE-FERN Dryopteris fragrans (L.) Schott FRAGRANT CLIFT FERN, FRAGRANT WOOD FERN [D. fragrans var. remotiuscula Komarov; Polypodium fragrans L.; Thelypteris fragrans (L.) Nieuwl.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Dryopteris goldiana (Hooker ex Goldie) A. Gray giant wood FERN, GOLDIE’S WOOD FERN [Thelypteris goldiana (Hooker ex Goldie) Nieuwl.] Dryopteris goldiana x intermedia wood fern Dryopteris goldiana x marginalis = D. x neowherryi W. Wagner WOOD FERN Dryopteris intermedia (Muhl. ex Willd.) A. Gray FANCY FERN, COMMON WOOD FERN [Aspidium intermedium Muhl. ex Willd.; D. austriaca var. intermedia (Muhl. ex Willd.) Morton; D. spinulosa var. intermedia (Muhl. ex Willd.) Underw.; Thelypteris intermedia (Muhl. ex Willd.) House] Dryopteris intermedia x marginalis GLANDULAR MARGINAL FERN Dryopteris marginalis (L.) A. Gray MARGINAL WOOD FERN Gymnocarpium Newm. Synonyms: Dryopteris Adans. in part; Polypodium L. in part Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newm. OAK FERN [Dryopteris disjuncta (Ledeb.) Morton; Polypodium dryopteris L.; Thelypteris dryopteris (L.) Slossen] Matteuccia Todaro Synonyms: Osmunda L. in part; Pteretis Raf. Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro OSTRICH FERN, fiddleheads [M. pensylvanica (Willd.) Raym.; Osmunda struthiopteris L.; Pteretis nodulosa (Michx.) Nieuwl.; P. pensylvanica (Willd.) Fern.] Onoclea L. Onoclea sensibilis L. sensitive FERN 21 Polystichum Roth ex Roemer Synonyms; Aspidium L. in part; Nephrodium Rich, in part Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott CHRISTMAS FERN, SHIELD FERN (Nephrodium acrostichoides Michx.) Polystichum braunii (Spenner) F6e BRAUN’S HOLLY FERN [Aspidium braunii Spenner; P. braunii ssp. purshii (Fern.) Calder & Taylor; P. braunii var. purshii Fern.] Polystichum lonchitis (L.) Roth NORTHERN HOLLY FERN Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SH Woodsia R.Br. Synonyms: Acrostichum L. in part; Polypodium L. in part Woodsia alpina (Bolt.) S. Gray ALPINE WOODSIA, ALPINE CLIFF FERN (Acrostichum alpinum Bolt.) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Woodsia glabella R. Br. SMOOTH woodsia, SMOOTH CLIFF fern Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Woodsia ilvensis (L.) R. Br. RUSTY WOODSIA, rusty CLIFF FERN (Acrostichum ilvense L.) Woodsia obtusa (Spreng.) Torrey blunt-LOBED woodsia (Polypodium obtusum Spreng.) 4 Woodsia oregana D. Eaton ssp. cathcartiana (B. Robinson) Windham CATHCART’S WOODSIA \W. cathcartiana B. Robinson; W. oregana var. cathcartiana (B. Robinson) Morton] Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G2 SX 22 POLYPODIACEAE (POLYPODY FAMILY) Pleopeltis Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. 4 *Pleopeltis polypodioides (Michx.) E. Andrews & Windh. RESURRECTION FERN, GRAY POLYPODY [Pofypodium polypodioides (Michx.) Hitchc.] Polypodium L. Pofypodium appalachianum Haufler & Windham APPALACHIAN POLYPODY, ROCK POLYPODY (P. virginianum L. of NY reports in part) Pofypodium appalachianum x. virginianum rock polypody (P. virginianum L. of NY reports in part) Pofypodium virginianum L. ROCK POLYPODY, COMMON POLYPODY [P. vulgare L. var. americanum Hooker; var. virginianum (L.) D. Eaton] MARSILEACEAE (WATER-CLOVER FAMILY) Marsilia L. *Marsilea quadrifolia L. WATER-CLOVER, PEPPERWORT (M mexicana of NY reports, not Schlect. & Cham.) SALVINIACEAE (WATER-FERN FAMILY) Salvinia Seguier 4 *Salvinia minima Baker FLOATING-FERN, WATER-FERN (5. rotundifolia of NY reports, not Willd.) 4 ^Salvinia natans (L.) All. FLOATING-FERN, WATER-FERN (REPORT ONLY) AZOLLACEAE (MOSQUITO-FERN FAMILY) Azolla Lam. Azolla caroliniana Willd. MOSQUITO-FERN, WATER-FERN (A. filiculoides of NY reports, not Lam. ex Lam. et al.) 23 Division: Pinophyta Class: Ginkgoopsida Order: Ginkgoales GINKGOACEAE (GINKGO FAMILY) Ginkgo L. *GinkgO biloba L. GINKGO, MAIDENHAIR TREE Class: Pinopsida Order: Taxales TAXACEAE (YEW FAMILY) Taxus L. I *Taxus baccata L. ENGLISH YEW Taxus canadensis Marsh. AMERICAN YEW, GROUND-HEMLOCK *Taxm cuspidata Sieb. & Zucc. JAPANESE YEW Order: Pinales PINACEAE (PINE FAMILY) Abies Mill. Abies balsamea (L.) Mill, balsam fir, CANADA BALSAM, BLISTERS *Abies homolepis Sieb. & Zucc. NIKKO FIR *Abies magnijica Murr. RED FIR Larix Mill. *Larix decidua Mill. EUROPEAN LARCH [L. larix (L.) Sudw.] Larix laricina (DuRoi) Koch LARCH, TAMARACK, HACKIMACK, HACKMATACK 24 Picea Dietr. *Picea abies (L.) Karst. NORWAY SPRUCE [P. excelsa (Lamb.) Link] Picea glauca (Moench) Voss WHITE SPRUCE, CAT SPRUCE [P. canadensis (Mill.) BSP.] Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP. BLACK SPRUCE, BOG SPRUCE *Picea pungens Engelm. COLORADO BLUE SPRUCE Picea rubens Sarg. RED SPRUCE, HE-BALSAM {P. australis Small) Pinus L. Pinus banksiana Lamb. JACK PINE, GRAY PINE I Pinus echinata Mill. SHORTLEAF PINE, YELLOW pine Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G5 SX *Pinus nigra Arnold AUSTRIAN PINE Pinus resinosa Soland. RED PINE, CANADIAN PINE, NORWAY PINE Pinus rigida Mill. PITCH PINE, TORCH PINE Pinus strobus L. WHITE PINE *Pinus sylvestris L. SCOTCH PINE, SCOTS PINE *Pinus thunbergii Pari. JAPANESE BLACK PINE Pinus virginiana Mill. VIRGINIA PINE, SCRUB PINE, JERSEY PINE Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Pseudotsuga Carriere *Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco DOUGLAS FIR Tsuga Carriere Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. HEMLOCK, EASTERN HEMLOCK, NORTHERN HEMLOCK, HEMLOCK-SPRUCE, TANBARK 25 TAXODIACEAE (BALD CYPRESS FAMILY) Taxodium Rich. *Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich. BALD CYPRESS CUPRESSACEAE (CYPRESS FAMILY) Chamaecyparis Spach Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) BSP. ATLANTIC WHITE-CEDAR, SOUTHERN WHITE-CEDAR, SWAMP- CEDAR, COAST-CEDAR Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G4 S3 Juniperus L. Juniperus communis L. COMMON JUNIPER, GROUND-JUNIPER, GORST, HORSE-SAVIN, HACKMATACK var. communis [J. communis var. siberica (Burgsdorf) Rydb.] var. depressa Pursh SPREADING JUNIPER [/. canadensis Burgsdorf; J. communis var. canadensis (Burgsdorf) Louden; var. montana Ait.; var. saxitilis Pallas; J. depressa (Pursh) Raf.; /. sibirica Burgsdorf] Juniperus horizontalis Moench PROSTRATE JUNIPER, CREEPING CEDAR, CREEPING SAVIN (/. hudsonica Forbes; /. prostrata Pers.; J. repens Nutt.; J. sabina var. horizontalis Hort.) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Juniperus virginiana L. EASTERN RED CEDAR, VIRGINIA REDCEDAR, SAVIN (J. caroliniana Michx; /. sabina Hooker; J. virginiana var. crebra Fern. & Grisc.) Thuja L. Thuja occidentalis L. NORTHERN WHITE CEDAR, ARBOR-VITAE 26 Division: Magnoliophyta Subclass: Magnoliidae Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Magnoliales MAGNOLIACEAE (MAGNOLIA FAMILY) Liriodendron L. Liriodendron tulipifera L. tulip tree, yellow poplar, TULIP POPLAR Magnolia L. Magnolia acuminata (L.) L. CUCUMBER TREE, CUCUMBER magnolia 4 *Magnolia fraseri Walt. FRASER MAGNOLIA 4 *Magnolia tripetala (L.) L. UMBRELLA TREE Magnolia virginiana L. SWEET-BAY, SWAMP-BAY, MAGNOLIA-BAY Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI ANNONACEAE (CUSTARD-APPLE FAMILY) Asimina Adams Asimina tribba (L.) Dunal pap AW, pawpaw Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 Order: Laurales CALYCANTHACEAE (CALYCANTHUS FAMILY) Calycanthus L. *Calycanthus floridus L. SWEET-SHRUB, STRAWBERRY-BUSH (C. mohrii Small) var. gbucus (Willd.) Torrey & A. Gray [Butnera fertilis (Walt.) Kearn.; C. floridus var. floridus of NY reports, not L.; var. laevigatus (Willd.) Torrey & A. Gray; C. fertilis Walt.; C. glaucus Willd.; C. nanus (Loisel.) Small] 27 LAURACEAE (LAUREL FAMILY) Lindera Thunb. Synonyms: Benzoin Fabric.; Lauras L. in part Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume SPICEBUSH, BENZOIN-BUSH, benjamin-BUSH [Benzoin aestivate (L.) Nees; Lauras benzoin L.] Sassafras Nees Synonym: Lauras L. in part Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees SASSAFRAS [Lauras sassafras L.; S. sassafras (L.) Karst.] Order: Piperales SAURURACEAE (LIZARD’ S-TAIL FAMILY) Saururus L. Saururus cernuus L. LIZARD’S-TAIL Order: Aristolochiales ARISTOLOCHIACEAE (BIRTHWORT FAMILY) Aristolochia L. *Aristobchia clematitis L. BlRTHWORT *Aristolochia macrophylla Lam. DUTCHMAN’S-PIPE (A. durior Hill) Aristolochia serpentaria L. VIRGINIA SNAKEROOT, SERPENTARY Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI *Aristobchia tomentosa Sims WOOLLY PIPE-VINE (REPORT ONLY) Asarum L. Asarum canadense L. WILD GINGER, ASARABACCA [A. acuminatum (Ashe) Bickn.; A. canadense var. acuminatum Ashe; var. ambiguum (Bickn.) Farw.; var. reflexum (Bickn.) B. Robinson; A. reflexum Bickn.] 28 Order Nymphaeales NELUMBONACEAE (LOTUS FAMILY) Nelumbo Adans. *Nelumbo lutea (Willd.) Pers. YELLOW LOTUS, wankapin Note: Yellow lotus was once listed as native to New York State. The only population currently known in NY was planted in Cayuga Lake, and the single historical site, at Sodus Bay on Lake Ontario, was very likely planted as well. *Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. PINK lotus, sacred BEAN (PHOTO VOUCHER) NYMPHAEACEAE (WATERLILY FAMILY) Nuphar J. Smith ex Sibth. & Sm. Synonym: Nymphaea L. in part Nuphar advena (Soland. ex Ait.) R. Br. ex Ait. f. YELLOW pondlily, YELLOW COWLILY, SPATTERDOCK, BULL-HEAD LILY [N. fluviatile (Harper) Standi.; N. lutea (L.) Sibth. & Sm. ssp. advena (Ait.) Kartesz & Gandhi; ssp. macrophylla (Small) Beal; Nymphaea advena Soland. ex Ait.] Nuphar microphylla (Pers.) Fern. SMALL YELLOW PONDLILY, SMALL YELLOW COWLILY, DWARF SPATTERDOCK [N. lutea (L.) Sibth. & Sm. ssp. pumila (Timm) Beal; N. pumila (Timm) DC.; Nymphaea lutea p microphylla Pers.; N. microphylla (Pers.) Robins. & Fern.] Nuphar rubrodisca Morong PONDLILY, COWLILY, SPATTERDOCK, PURPLE- SPOTTED PONDLILY [N lutea (L.) Sibth. & Sm. ssp. rubrodisca (Morong) Hellquist & Wiersma; N x rubrodisca (N variegata x pumila)-, N. microphylla x variegata-, N. pumila x variegata-, Nymphaea rubrodisca (Morong) Greene] Nuphar variegata Engelm. ex Durand in Clinton COMMON YELLOW COWLILY, YELLOW PONDLILY, SPATTERDOCK [N advena var. variegata (Engelm. ex Durand in Clinton) A. Gray; N lutea (L.) Sibth. & Sm. ssp. variegata (Engelm. ex Durand in Clinton) Beal; Nymphaea advena var. variegata (Engelm. ex Durand in Clinton) Eern.] 29 Nymphaea L. Synonym: Castalia Salisb. Nymphaea odorata Dryand. ex Ait. WHITE WATERLILY, PONDLILY, FRAGRANT WATERLILY, ROSE-COLORED WATER-LILY, LILYPADS ssp, odorata [Castalia odorata (Dryand ex Ait.) Woodr. & Wood; C. lekophylla Small; N. odorata var. gigantea Tricker; var. rubra Pursh; N. lekophylla (Small) Cory] ssp. tuberosa (Paine) Wiersma & Hellquist [Castalia tuberosa (Paine) Greene; N. tuberosa Paine] CABOMBACEAE (WATER-SHIELD FAMILY) Brasenia Schreb. Brasenia schreberi Gmel. WATER-SHIELD, PURPLE WEN-DOCK Cabomba Aublet *Cabomba caroliniana A. Gray FANWORT, CAROLINA water-SHIELD CERATOPHYLLACEAE (HORNWORT FAMILY) Ceratophyllum L. Ceratophyllum demersum L. COONTAIL, HORNWORT Ceratophyllum echinatum A. Gray coontail, HORNWORT (C. muricatum of authors, not Cham.) Order: Ranunculales RANUNCULACEAE (CROWFOOT FAMILY) Aconitum L. *Aconitum napellus L. TURK’S-CAP, GARDEN monk’S-hood, wolf’S-bane Aconitum noveboracense A. Gray ex Cov. NORTHERN MONK’S-HOOD, NEW YORK MONK’S-HOOD (A. columbianum Nutt, in part; A. uncinatum of NY reports, not L.; Torrey "vouchers" are A. uncinatum, apparently from out-of-state. Rarity Status: Federal Rank: T State: T TNC Rank: G3 S2 30 Actaea L. Actaea pachypoda Ell. WHITE BANEBERRY, WHITE COHOSH, DOLL’S-EYES [A. alba of American authors, not (L.) Mill.] Actaea pachypoda x spicata ssp. rubra = A. x ludovici Boivin BANEBERRY (A. pachypoda x rubra; A. alba x rubra) Actaea spicata L. BANEBERRY, BLACK COHOSH ssp. rubra (Ait.) Hult6n RED BANEBERRY, SNAKEBERRY [A. rubra (Ait.) Willd.] Adonis L. I * Adonis aestivalis L. PHEASANT’S-EYE (REPORT ONLY) {A. autumnalis of NY reports, not L.) * Adonis vernalis L. PHEASANT’S-EYE, OX-EYE, SPRING ADONIS Anemone L. Anemone canadensis L. CANADA ANEMONE, WIND-FLOWER {A. pennsylvanica L.; A. aconitifolia Michx.) Anemone cylindrica A. Gray THIMBLEWEED, THIMBLEHEAD ANEMONE 4 Anemone multifida Poir. ex Lam. CUT-LEAF ANEMONE {A. hudsoniana Richards ex Frankl.; A. multifida var. hudsoniana DC.; A. sanguinea Pursh) Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G5 SX Anemone quinquefolia L. WOOD ANEMONE, SNOWDROPS [A. nemerosa var. quinquefolia (L.) Pursh] Anemone virginiana L. THIMBLEWEED, TALL ANEMONE var. alba (Oakes) Wood [A. riparia Fern.; A. virginiana var. riparia (Fern.) Boivin] var. virginiana Aquilegia L. Aquilegia canadensis L. WILD COLUMBINE, RED COLUMBINE, ROCK-BELLS, MEETINGHOUSES [A. canadensis var. coccinea (Small) Munz; A. coccinea Small] 31 *Aquilegia vulgaris L. BLUE COLUMBINE, PURPLE COLUMBINE, EUROPEAN COLUMBINE, GARDEN COLUMBINE Caltha L. Caltha palustris L. MARSH MARIGOLD, COWSLIP, MAY-BLOB, KING-CUP [C. flabellifolia Pursh; C. palustris var. flabellifolia (Pursh) Torrey & A. Gray; var. radicans (Forst.) Hartm.; C. radicans Forst.] Ceratocephala Moench Synonym: Ranunculus L. in part * Ceratocephala testiculata (Crantz) Roth SAGE BUTTERCUP {Ranunculus testiculatus Crantz) Cimicifuga L. Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt. BLACK SNAKEROOT, BLACK COHOSH (C. americana of NY reports, not Michx.) Clematis L. Synonyms: Atragene L.; Viorna Reichb. Clematis occidentalis (Hornem.) DC. PURPLE CLEMATIS, PURPLE VIRGIN’S- BOWER, MOUNTAIN CLEMATIS {Atragene americana Sims.; C. verticillaris DC.) 4 Clematis ochrokuca Soland. ex Ait. CURLY-HEADS, SILKY LEATHER- FLOWER Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G4 SX ^Clematis recta L. GROUND CLEMATIS ^Clematis terniflora DC. YAM-LEAF CLEMATIS, YAM-LEAF VIRGIN’S-BOWER (C. dioscoreifolia Levi. & Van.; C. maximowicziana Franch. & Sav.; C. paniculata Thunb.) Clematis virginiana L. VIRGIN’S-BOWER, TRAVELLER’S-JOY, DEVIL’S DARNING-NEEDLE (C. canadensis Mill.; C. fragrans Salisb.) 4 *Clematis viticella L. GARDEN CLEMATIS, TRELLIS CLEMATIS 32 Consolida (DC.) S. Gray Synonym: Delphinium L. in part *Consolida ajacis (L.) Schur ROCKET larkspur [C. ambigua (L.) Ball & Heyw.; Delphinium ajacis L.; D. ambiguum L.; D. consolida of Torrey’s NY Flora, not L.] *Consolida regalis S. Gray ROYAL LARKSPUR (Delphinium consolida L.) Coptis Salisb. Synonyms: Anemone L. in part; Helleborus L. in part Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb, GOLDTHREADS, CANKER-ROOT, GOLDEN- THREAD [Anemone groenlandica Oed.; C. groenlandica (Oed.) Fern.; C. trifolia ssp. groenlandica (Oed.) Hultdn; var. groenlandica (Oed.) Fassett; Helleborus trifolius L.] Enemion Raf. Synonym: Isopyrum L. 4 Enemion biternatum Raf. FALSE RUE-ANEMONE [Isopyrum biternatum (Raf.) Torrey & A. Gray] Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G5 SX Eranthis Salisb. *Eranthis hyemalis (L.) Salisb. WINTER ACONITE Helleborus L. *Helleborm viridis L. GREEN HELLEBORE Hepatica Mill. Hepatica nobilis Mill. LIVERLEAF, LIVERWORT, HEPATICA var. acuta (Pursh) Steyerm. SHARP-LOBED HEPATICA (H. acutiloba DC.) var. obtrna (Pursh) Steyerm. BLUNT-LOBED HEPATICA [H. americana (DC.) Ker] 33 Hydrastis L. Synonym: Warnera Mill. Hydrastis canadensis L. GOLDEN-SEAL, orange-ROOT, yellow puccoon [Warnera canadensis (L.) Mill.] Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G4 S2 Nigella L. *Nigella damascena L. LOVE-IN-A-MIST, FENNEL-FLOWER Ranunculus L. Synonyms: Batrachium S. Gray; Ficaria Guett. Ranunculus abortivus L. KIDNEY-LEAF CROWFOOT, CHICKEN- PEPPER, SMALL-FLOWERED CROWFOOT var. abortivus (R. abortivus var. acrolasius Fern.) var. eucyclus Fern. ^Ranunculus acris L. COMMON BUTTERCUP, TALL BUTTERCUP, FIELD, FIELD BUTTERCUP, FIELD CROWFOOT [R. acer L.; R. boreanus Jord.; R. acris var. latisectus Beck; var. villosus (Drab.) Cole] Ranunculus allegheniensis Britt. ALLEGHENY crowfoot, MOUNTAIN CROWFOOT Ranunculus ambigens S. Wats. AMERICAN SPEARWORT, WATER-PLANTAIN SPEARWORT (R. obtusiusculus of authors, not Raf.) I ^Ranunculus arvensis L. corn CROWFOOT, DEVIL’S-CLAWS, HUNGER WEED *Ranunculus bulbosus L. bulbous crowfoot bulbous buttercup, MEADOW-BLOOM (R. tuberosus Hornem.) Ranunculus cymbalaria Pursh SEASIDE CROWFOOT, SEASIDE BUTTERCUP Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI 34 Ranunculus fascicularis Muhl. ex Bigel. EARLY BUTTERCUP, PRAIRIE BUTTERCUP *Ranunculus Jicaria L. LESSER CELANDINE var. bulbifera Marsden-Jones [Ficaria ficaria (L.) Karst.; R. ficaria ssp. bulbifera (Marsden-Jones) Lawal. ex Rob.] Ranunculus flabellaris Raf. ex Bigel. YELLOW WATER-CROWFOOT (R. delphinifolius Torrey; R. fluviatilis Bigel.; R. lacustris Beck & Tracey; R. multifidus Pursh; R. purshii of NY reports, not Richards.) Ranunculus flammula L. CREEPING SPEARWORT, LESSER SPEARWORT \ar. filiformis (Michx.) Hooker [R. filiformis Michx.; R. replans var. filiformis (L.) DC.; var. replans of authors, not L.] var. flammula [/?. flammula var. ovalis (Bigel.) Benson; R. replans var. ovalis (Bigel.) Torrey & A. Gray] Ranunculus hispidus Michx. BUTTERCUP, CROWFOOT var. caricetorum (Greene) Duncan SWAMP BUTTERCUP, MARSH BUTTERCUP {R. caricelorum Greene; R. sepienirionalis of authors, not Poir. ex Lam.; R. sicaeformis Mackz.) var. hispidus HAIRY BUTTERCUP, HISPID BUTTERCUP [R. marylandicus Poir.; R. hispidus var. falsus Fern.; var. marylandicus (Poir.) Benson] var. nitidus (Muhl. ex Ell.) Duncan SWAMP BUTTERCUP {R. carolinianus DC.; R. sepienirionalis Poir. ex Lam.) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5T5 SI Ranunculus longirostris Godr. WHITE WATER-CROWFOOT, STIFF WATER- CROWFOOT [Bairachium longirosire (Godr.) F. Schultz; R. circinaius of American authors, not Sibth.; R. longirosire of authors; R. subrigidus Drew] Ranunculus micranthus Nutt, ex Torrey & A. Gray SMALL-FLOWERED CROWFOOT [R. micranihus var. diliiescens (Greene) Fern.] Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 *Ranunculus parviflorus L. SMALL-FLOWERED CROWFOOT {R. irachysperma Ell.) 35 Ranunculus pensylvanicus L. f. BRISTLY BUTTERCUP, BRISTLY crowfoot 4 Ranunuculus pusillus Poir. ex Lam. LOW SPEARWORT Rarity Status: State: U TNG Rank: G5 SX Ranunculus recurvatus Poir. ex Lam. HOOKED BUTTERCUP, ROUGH BUTTERCUP, HOOKED CROWFOOT {R. boraeanus Jord.; R. hirsutus Muhl.; R. recurvatus var. adpressipilus Weath.) *Ranunculus repens L. CREEPING buttercup, spotted-LEAF BUTTERCUP, MEG MANY-FEET, TOAD-TETHER (R. repens var. degeneratus Schur; var. pleniflorus Fern.) 4 *Ranunculus sardous Crantz HAIRY CROWFOOT, HAIRY BUTTERCUP *Ranunculus sceleratus L. CURSED CROWFOOT, BLISTERWORT Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix ex Vill. WHITE WATER CROWFOOT, LIMP WATER-CROWFOOT [Batrachium trichophyllum (Chaix ex Vill.) Bosch; R. aquatilis var. calvescens (Drew) Benson; R. trichophyllus var. capillaceus (Thuill.) DC] Thalictrum L. Synonyms: Anemone L. in part; Anemonella Spach; Syndesmon Hoffm. 4 * Thalictrum aquilegifolium L. GARDEN MEADOW RUE 4 * Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch. & Ave-Lall. PURPLE MEADOW-RUE Thalictrum dioicum L. EARLY MEADOW RUE Thalictrum pubescens Pursh TALL MEADOW-RUE, LATE MEADOW-RUE (T. canadense of NY reports, not Mill.; T. polygamum Muhl., a nomen nudum) Thalictrum revolutum DC. WAXY MEADOW-RUE, SKUNK MEADOW-RUE, LATE MEADOW-RUE \T. canadensis Mill. var. hebecarpum (Fern.) House; T. dasycarpum of some early NY reports, not Fisch. & Ave-Lall.; T. purpurascens of early NY reports, not Pursh] 36 Thalictrum thalictroides (L.) Eames & Boivin RUE ANEMONE, WOODS- POTATO [Anemone thalictroides L.; Anemonella thalictroides (L.) Spach; Syndesmon thalictroides (L.) Hoffm.] Thalictrum venulosum Trel. VEINY MEADOW-RUE, LATE MEADOW-RUE [T. confine Fern.; T. venulosum var. confine (Fern.) Boivin] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Trollius L. Trollius laxus Salisb. SPREADING GLOBEFLOWER, EASTERN GLOBEFLOWER Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G4T3Q S3 Xanthorhiza Marsh. Synonym: Xanthorrhiza h'H6r. *Xanthorhiza simplicissima Marsh. YELLOWROOT (X. apiifolia L’H6r.) BERBERIDACEAE (BARBERRY FAMILY) Berberis L. *Berberis thunbergii DC. JAPANESE BARBERRY *Berberis vulgaris L. COMMON BARBERRY, EUROPEAN BARBERRY Caulophyllum Michx. Caulophyllum giganteum (Farw.) LeConte & Blackwell blue COHOSH, PAPOOSE ROOT (C. thalictroides var. giganteum Farw.) Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx. BLUE COHOSH, PAPOOSE ROOT Jeffersonia B. Barton Jeffersonia diphylla (L.) Pers. TWIN-LEAF, RHEUMATISM ROOT Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 Mahonia Nutt. *Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. GRAPE-HOLLY, OREGON GRAPE 37 Podophyllum L. Podophyllum peltatum L. MAY-APPLE, WILD mandrake LARDIZABALACEAE (LARDIZABALA FAMILY) Akebia Decne. *Akebia quinata (Houtt.) Dene. FIVE-LEAF AKEBIA MENISPERMACEAE (MOONSEED FAMILY) Menispermum L. Menispermum canadense L. MOONSEED, YELLOW parilla Order: Papaverales PAPAVERACEAE (POPPY FAMILY) Argemone L. I *Argemone albiflora Hornem. white prickly-POPPY (A. alba Lestib., not James, a nomen nudum) *Argemone mexicana L. yellow poppy, MEXICAN PRICKLY POPPY Chelidonium L. *Chelidonium majus L. GREATER CELANDINE, SWALLOW-WORT Eschscholzia Cham, ex Nees *Eschscholzia californica Cham, ex Nees CALIFORNIA POPPY Glaudum Mill. Synonym: Chelidonium L. in part 4 *Glaucium corniculatum (L.) J. Rudolph HORNED POPPY {Chelidonium corniculatum L.) *Glaucium jlavum Crantz HORNED POPPY [Chelidonium glaudum L.; G. glaudum (L.) Karst-l 38 Macleaya R. Br. Synonym: Bocconia L. in part *Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R. Br, plume-POPPY, TREE CELANDINE {Bocconia cordata Willd.) Papaver L. I *Papaver argemone L. PALE POPPY (REPORT ONLY) *Papaver dubium L. CORNFIELD POPPY, BLIND EYES, GRAINFIELD POPPY, HEADACHE POPPY *Papaver glaucum Boiss. & Hausskn. TULIP POPPY *Papaver orientale L. ORIENTAL POPPY *Papaver rhoeas L. CORN POPPY, SHIRLEY poppy, FIELD POPPY *Papaver somniferum L. OPIUM POPPY Sanguinaria L. Sanguinaria canadensis L. BLOODROOT, RED PUCCOON, WHITE PUCCOON FUMARIACEAE (FUMITORY FAMILY) Adlumia Raf. Synonym: Fumaria L. in part Adlumia fungosa (Ait.) Greene ex BSP. ALLEGHENY VINE, MOUNTAIN FRINGE, CLIMBING FUMITORY {A. asiatica Ohwi; Fumaria fungosa Ait.; F. recta Raf.) Corydalis Vent. Synonym: Capnoides Mill. Corydalis aurea Willd. GOLDEN CORYDALIS [Capnoides aureum (Willd.) Kuntze] Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S3 39 Corydalis flavula (Raf. ex Desv.) DC. YELLOW harlequin, PALE CORYDALIS [Capnoides flavulum (Raf. ex Desv.) Kuntze] Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 *Corydalis lutea (L.) DC. YELLOW CORYDALIS, ROCK FUMITORY Corydalis sempervirens (L.) Pers. PINK CORYDALIS, ROCK HARLEQUIN, PINK, PURPLE HARLEQUIN, PALE HARLEQUIN [Capnoides sempervirens (L.) Borck. ex Roemer] Dicentra Bernh. Synonym: Capnorchis Mill. Dicentra canadensis (Goldie) Walp. SQUiRREL-CORN, turkey- corn [Capnorchis canadensis (Goldie) Kuntze] Dicentra cucullaria (L.) Bernh. dutchman’S-BREECHES [Capnorchis cucullaria (L.) Planch.] Dicentra eximia (Ker) Torrey WILD BLEEDING-HEART, TURKEY-CORN, STAGGERWEED [Capnorchis eximia (Ker) Planch.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4 SI *Dicentra spectabilis (L.) Lem. BLEEDING-HEART Fumaria L. 4 *Fumaria capreolata L. FUMITORY, FUMEWORT (REPORT ONLY) *Fumaria officinalis L. FUMITORY, FUMEWORT, earth-SMOKE 40 Subclass; Hamamelidae Order: Hamamelidales CERCIDIPHYLLACEAE (KATSURA FAMILY) Cercidiphyllum Sieb. & Zucc. *Cercidiphyllum japonicum Sieb. & Zucc. ex Hoffm. & Schultes KATSURA TREE PLATANACEAE (PLANE-TREE FAMILY) Platanus L. Platanus occidentalis L. SYCAMORE, PLANE-TREE, buttonwood, BUTTONBALL *Platanus occidentalis x orientalis = P. x hybrida Brot. LONDON PLANE-TREE [P. X acerifolia (Ait.) Willd.] HAMAMELIDACEAE (WITCH-HAZEL FAMILY) Hamamelis L. Hamamelis virginiana L. WITCH-HAZEL, SPOTTED ALDER, winterbloom, SNAPPING HAZEL [H. macrophylla Pursh; H. virginiana var. parviflora (Nutt.) Torrey & A. Gray] Liquidambar L. Liquidambar styraciflua L. SWEET-GUM, RED GUM, BLACK GUM, BILSTED Order: Urticales ULMACEAE (ELM FAMILY) Celtis L. Celtis occidentalis L. HACKBERRY, SUGARBERRY [C. canina Raf.; C. crassifolia Lam; C. occidentalis var. canina (Raf.) Sarg.; C. pumila Pursh; C. tenuifolia of authors, not Nutt.] 41 Ulmus L. Ulmus americana L. AMERICAN ELM, white ELM * Ulmus glabra Huds. WYCH ELM, SCOTCH ELM (U. montana With.; U. scabra Mill.) * Ulmus minor Mill. ENGLISH ELM, CORK ELM {U. campestris L. in part; U. procera Salisb.; U. scabra Mill.) * Ulmus pumila L. DWARF ELM, SIBERIAN ELM {U. parviflora of NY reports, not Jacq.) Ulmus rubra Muhl. SLIPPERY ELM, RED ELM, SWAMP ELM (U. fulva Michx.) Ulmus thomasii Sarg. ROCK ELM, CORK ELM, WINGED ELM Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S3? CANNABACEAE (HEMP FAMILY) Cannabis L. *Cannabis saliva L. HEMP, MARIJUANA [C. indica Lam.; C. saliva ssp. indica (Lam.) Small & Cronq.] Humulus L. *Humulus japonicus Sieb. & Zucc. Japanese hop(S) *Humulus lupulus L. COMMON HOP, BREWER’S HOPS (H. lupulus var. lupuloides E. Small; var. pubescens E. Small) MORACEAE (MULBERRY FAMILY) Broussonetia L’Her. ex Vent. Synonyms: Moms L. in part; Papyrius Lam. *Broussonelia papyrifera (L.) L’H6r. ex Vent. PAPER MULBERRY [Moms papyrifera L.; Papyrius papyrifera (L.) Kuntze] 42 Ficus L. 4 *Ficus carica L. COMMON FIG, CULTIVATED FIG Madura Nutt. Synonym: Toxylon Raf. ex Sarg. *Maclura pomifera (Raf. ex Sarg.) Schneid. OSAGE ORANGE {Toxylon pomifemm Raf. ex Sarg.) Morus L. *Morus alba L. WHITE mulberry, Russian mulberry, silkworm tree [M. alba var. tatarica (Pallas) Ser.; M nigra of NY reports, not L.; M. tatarica Pallas, not L.] Morns rubra L. RED MULBERRY URTICACEAE (NETTLE FAMILY) Boehmeria Jacq. Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw. FALSE-NETTLE, BOG-HEMP [B. cylindrica var. drummondiana (Wedd.) Wedd.] Laportea Gaud, ex Freyc. Synonyms: Urtica L. in part; Urticastrum Fabr. Laportea canadensis (L.) Wedd. WOOD-NETTLE, GIANT STINGING-NETTLE [Urtica canadensis L.; U. divaricata L.; Urticastrum divaricatum (L.) Kuntze] Parietaria L. I *Parietaria judaica L. PELLITORY, HAMMERWORT (P. officinalis of NY reports, not L.) Parietaria pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd. PELLITORY, HAMMERWORT [P. pensylvanica var. obtusa (Rydb. ex Small) Shinners] 43 Pilea Lindl. Synonym: Adicia Raf. Pilea fontana (Lunell) Rydb. emerald-fruited clearweed, COOLWORT, RICHWEED (Adicia fontana Lunell) Pilea fontana x pumila CLEARWEED, coolwort, richweed Pilea pumila (L.) A. Gray RICHWEED, CLEARWEED [Adicia pumila (L.) Raf.; P. pumila var. deamii (Lunell) Fern.] Urtica L. =j}= * Urtica chamaedryoides Pursh WEAK NETTLE, RED NETTLE Urtica dioica L. STINGING NETTLE, GREAT NETTLE *ssp. dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Selander [U. dioica var. gracilis (Ait.) Taylor & McBr.; var. procera (Muhl.) Wedd.; U. gracilis Ait.; U procera Muhl.] * Urtica urens L. BURNING NETTLE, DOG-NETTLE Order: Juglandales JUGLANDACEAE (WALNUT FAMILY) Carya Nutt. Synonym: Hicoria Raf. Carya cordiformis (Wang.) Koch BITTERNUT, SWAMP HICKORY [Hicoria cordiformis (Wang.) Britt, ex Britt. & Schafer; C. x laneyi of NY report, not Sarg.] Carya glabra (Mill.) Sweet PIGNUT (HICKORY) [C. glabra var. megacarpa (Sarg.) Sarg.; Hicoria glabra (Mill.) Britt.] Carya laciniosa (Michx. f.) G. Don BIG SHELLBARK (HICKORY), KINGNUT [Hicoria laciniosa (Michx. f.) Sarg.] Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G5 SI 44 Carya laciniosa x ovata = C. x dunbarii Sarg. HYBRID SHELLBARK [Hicoria x dunbarii (Sarg.) House] Carya ovalis (Wang.) Sarg. SWEET PIGNUT, FALSE SHAGBARK [Hicoria ovalis (Wang.) Ashe] Carya ovata (Mill.) Koch SHAGBARK HICKORY, SHELLBARK HICKORY [Hicoria alba of some American authors, not (L.) Nutt, ex Ell.; H. ovata (Mill.) Britt.; vdct . froxinifolia (Sarg.) Ashe; var. nuttallii (Sarg.) Ashe] Carya tomentosa (Poir. ex Lam.) Nutt. MOCKERNUT, WHITE HEART HICKORY [C. alba (L.) Nutt, ex Ell. in part; Hicoria tomentosa (Poir. ex Lam.) Raf.] Juglans L. Synonym: Wallia Alef. Juglans cinerea L. BUTTERNUT, WHITE WALNUT, OILNUT, LEMON-WALNUT Juglans nigra L. BLACK walnut, WALNUT *Juglans regia L. CARPATHIAN WALNUT, ENGLISH WALNUT Order: Myricales MYRICACEAE (BAYBERRY FAMILY) Comptonia L’Her. ex Ait. Synonyms: Liquidambar L. in part; Myrica L. in part Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult. SWEET-FERN [C. peregrina var. aspleniifolia (L.) Fern.; Liquidambar peregrina L.; Myrica aspleniifolia L.; M. peregrina (L.) Kuntze] Myrica L. Synonyms: Gale Duham.; Morelia Lour. Myrica gale L. SWEET-GALE, MEADOW-FERN [Gale palustris (Lam.) Chev.; M. palustris Lam.; M. gale var. subglabra (Chev.) Fern.] 45 Myrica pensylvanica Loisel. ex Duhamel BAYBERRY, CANDLE-BERRY, WAX- MYRTLE, WAXBERRY, SWAMP-CANDLEBERRY, NORTHERN BAYBERRY {Morelia caroliniana Small; Myrica carolinensis of NY reports, not Mill.; M. cerifera of NY reports, not L.) Order: Fagales FAGACEAE (BEECH FAMILY) Castanea Hill Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. AMERICAN CHESTNUT (C. americana Raf.) 4 *Castanea pumila (L.) Mill. CHINQUAPIN *Castanea sativa Mill. SPANISH CHESTNUT, EUROPEAN CHESTNUT Fagus L. Fag^s grandifolia Ehrh. AMERICAN BEECH, BEECHNUT [F. grandifolia var. caroliniana (Loud.) Fern. & Rehd.] *FagUS sylvatica L. EUROPEAN BEECH, BEECHNUT Quercus L. Quercus alba L. WHITE OAK 4 ^*^Quercus alba x bicolor = Q. x jackiana Schneid. OAK (REPORT ONLY) Quercus alba x montana = Q. x saulii Schneid. OAK (Q. X beadlii of NY authors, not Trel.) Quercus alba x prinoides = Q. x faxonii Trel. OAK 4 Quercus alba x stellata = Q- x fernowii Trel. OAK (REPORT ONLY) Quercus bicolor Willd. SWAMP WHITE OAK Quercus coccinea Muenchh. SCARLET OAK Quercus ilicifolia Wang. SCRUB OAK, BEAR OAK 46 Quercus ilicifolia x marylandica = Q. x brittonii Davis OAK (REPORT ONLY) Quercus ilicifolia x velutina = Q. x rehderi Trei. scrub oak (REPORT ONLY) *Quercus imbricaria Michx. SHINGLE OAK, JACK OAK, LAUREL OAK Quercus macrocarpa Michx. MOSSY-CUP OAK, BUR OAK, NORTHERN OVERCUP OAK Quercus macrocarpa x muhlenbergii =■ Q. x schuettei Trel. bur-OAK {Q. X hillii Trel.) Quercus marilandica Muenchh. BLACKJACK OAK 4 Quercus marilandica x phellos = Q. x rudkinii Britt. OAK (REPORT ONLY) 4 Quercus marilandica x velutina = Q. x bushii Sarg. OAK (REPORT ONLY) Quercus montana Willd. CHESTNUT OAK, ROCK OAK {Q. prinus of authors, not L.) Quercus muhlenbergii Engelm. CHINQUAPIN OAK, YELLOW OAK, YELLOW CHESTNUT OAK (Q. prinoides var. acuminata Michx.) Quercus palustris Muenchh. PIN OAK, SPANISH OAK Quercus phellos L. WILLOW OAK Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G5 SI Quercus phellos x velutina = Q. x heterophylla Michx. f. BARTRAM OAK (Q. filiales Little) Note: The identity of this hybrid has been questioned by some authors, who refer it to Q. x hollickii Schneid. {Q. phellos x rubra). Quercus prinoides Willd. DWARF CHESTNUT OAK, CHINQUAPIN OAK *Quercus robur L. ENGLISH OAK 47 Quercus rubra L. RED OAX [Q. borealis Michx. f.; var. maxima (Marsh.) Sarg.; Q. falcata of NY reports, not Michx.; Q. pagoda of House’s (1924) checklist, not Raf.; Q. rubra var. ambigiia (A. Gray) Fern.; var. borealis (Michx. f.) Farw.; Q. triloba Michx.] Quercus rubra x velutina = Q. x hawkinsii Sudw. OAK (REPORT ONLY) (Q X hawkinsiae of authors; Q. x porteri Trel.) Quercus stellata Wang. POST OAK, IRON OAK {Q. margaretta of NY reports, not Ashe) Quercus velutina Lam. BLACK OAK, DYER’S oak, yellow-BARK oak BETULACEAE (BIRCH FAMILY) Alnus Mill. *Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. BLACK ALDER, EUROPEAN ALDER [A. alnus (L.) Britt.; A. vulgaris Hill] Alnus incana (L.) Moench speckled alder, HOARY ALDER ssp. rugosa (DuRoi) Clausen HAZEL ALDER [A. rugosa (DuRoi) Spreng.] Alnus incana ssp. rugosa x serrulata = A. x fallacina Callier SPECKLED ALDER, SMOOTH ALDER Alnus serrulata (Dryand. ex Ait.) Willd. SMOOTH ALDER, COMMON ALDER \A. rubra of authors, not (DuRoi) Spreng.; A. rugosa of many NY reports, not (Marsh.) Desk; A. serrulata var. subelliptica Fern.] Alnus viridis (Chaix ex Vill.) Lam. & DC. GREEN ALDER, MOUNTAIN ALDER ssp. crispa (Dryand. ex Ait.) Turrili \A. crispa (Dryand. ex Ait.) Pursh; A. viridis var. crispa (Dryand. ex Ait.) House] Betula L. Betula alleghaniensis Britt. YELLOW BIRCH [B. alleghanensis (corrected spelling by Britton in Britt. & Brown, 1903); B. alleghaniensis var. macrolepis (Fern.) Brayshaw; B. carpinifolia Michx.; B. exelsa Poir.; B. lutea Michx. f.; var. alleghaniensis (Britt.) Ashe] 48 Betula alleghaniensis x pumila = B. x purpusii Schneid. BIRCH (B. X sandbergii Britt.) Betula cordifolia Regel MOUNTAIN PAPER BIRCH [B. alba var. cordifolia (Regel) Regel; B. papyrifera var. cordifolia (Regel) Fern.] Betula cordifolia x populifolia = B. x caerulea Blanch. BLUE BIRCH (B. caerulea-grandis Blanch.; B. coerulea of authors) Betula lenta L. SWEET BIRCH, CHERRY BIRCH, BLACK BIRCH Betula minor (Tuckerm.) Fern. DWARF WHITE BIRCH [B. papyrifera var. minor (Tuckerm.) Wats. & Coult.; B. glandulosa x papyrifera in part; B. nana x papyrifera in part] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G3G4Q SI Betula nana L. DWARF BIRCH, ARCTIC BIRCH, ALPINE BIRCH (B. glandulosa Michx.) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Betula nigra L. RIVER BIRCH, RED BIRCH Betula papyrifera Marsh. PAPER BIRCH, CANOE BIRCH, white BIRCH [B. papyrifera var. commutata (Regel) Fern.; var. pensilis Fern.] *Betula pendula Roth EUROPEAN WHITE BIRCH, WEEPING BIRCH (B. alba of authors in part; B. verrucosa Ehrh.) *Betula platyphylla Sukachev ASIAN BIRCH, (JAPANESE BIRCH) (B. latifolia Komarov, not Tausch.) Betula populifolia Marsh. GRAY BIRCH, FIRE BIRCH, OLD-FIELD BIRCH, WHITE BIRCH [B. alba var. populifolia (Marsh.) Spach] *Betula pubescens Ehrh, EUROPEAN WHITE BIRCH {B. alba of authors in part; B. odorata Bechst.) Betula pumila L. bog birch, dwarf BIRCH, Low birch, swamp birch [B. glandulosa var. glandulifera (Regel) Gleason; B. pumila var. glandulifera Regel] Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 49 Carpinus L. *Carpinus betulus L. EUROPEAN HORNBEAM Carpinus caroUniana Walt. HORNBEAM, BLUE BEECH, IRONWOOD, WATER BEECH, MUSCLEWOOD ssp. virginiana (Marsh.) Furlow [C. betulus virginiana Marsh.; C. caroUniana var. virginiana (Marsh.) Fern.] Corylus L. Corylm americana Walt. HAZELNUT, AMERICAN FILBERT, HAZEL *Corylus avellana L. EUROPEAN FILBERT, EUROPEAN HAZEL Corylus cornuta Marsh. BEAKED HAZEL Ostrya Scop. Synonym: Carpinus L. in part Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) Koch HOP HORNBEAM, iRONWOOD {Carpinus virginiana Mill.; O. virginiana var. glandulosa Sarg; var. lasia Fern.) Subclass: Caryophyllidae Order: Caryophyllales PHYTOLACCACEAE (POKEWEED FAMILY) Phytolacca L. Phytolacca americana L. poke, POKEWEED, pokeberry, SCOKE, PIGEONBERRY {P. decandra L.) 50 NYCTAGINACEAE (FOUR-O’CLOCK FAMILY) Mirabilis L. Synonyms: Allionia Loefl. ex L.; Oxybaphus L’H6r. ex Willd. *Mirabilis hirsuta (Pursh) MacM. HAIRY UMBRELLA- WORT [Allionia hirsuta Pursh; Oxybaphus hirsutus (Pursh) Sweet] *Mirabilis jalapa L. FOUR-O’CLOCK, MARVEL-OF-PERU *Mirabilis linearis (Pursh) Heim. UMBRELLA-WORT [Allionia linearis Pursh; Oxybaphus linearis (Pursh) B. Robinson] *Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacM. HEARTLEAF UMBRELLA-WORT [Allionia nyctaginea Miehx.; Oxybaphus nyctagineus (Michx.) Sweet] AIZOACEAE (FIG-MARIGOLD FAMILY) Sesuvium L. Synonym: Pharnaceum Walt. Sesuvium maritimum (Walt.) BSP. SEA PURSLANE {Pharnaceum maritimum Walt.; S. pentandnim Ell.) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Tetragonia L. 4 *Tetragonia tetragonioides (Pall.) Kuntze NEW ZEALAND SPINACH (REPORT ONLY) {T. expansa Murr.) CACTACEAE (CACTUS FAMILY) Opuntia Mill. Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf. EASTERN PRICKLY-PEAR [O. calcicola Wherry; O. compressa (Salisb.) MacBr.; O. fuscoatra Engelm.; O. opuntia (L.) Coult.; O. rafinesquii Engelm.] 51 CHENOPODIACEAE (GOOSEFOOT FAMILY) Atriplex L. Synonyms: Obione Gaertn.; Schizotheca Lindl. Atriplex arenaria Nutt. SEABEACH ORACH, SEABEACH ATRIPLEX [A. cristata var. arenaria (Nutt.) Kuntze; A. pentandra var. arenaria (Nutt.) Hall & Clements; A. mucronata Raf.; Obione arenaria (Nutt.) Moq.] Atriplex glabriuscula Edmondston SEASIDE ORACH [A. patula ssp. glabriuscula (Edmonston) Hall & Clements] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4 SI *Atriplex hortensis L. GARDEN ORACH {A. nitens Schkuhr; A. sagittata Borkh.) =j[= * Atriplex laciniata L. CUT-LEAF ORACH Atriplex patula L. SEASIDE ORACH, SEASIDE ATRIPLEX, SPEARSCALE [A. angustifolia Sm.; A. littoralis L.; A. patula var. hastata A. Gray; var. littoralis (L.) A. Gray] * Atriplex prostrata Boucher ex DC. in Lam. & DC. orach, SPEARSCALE [A. deltoides Babington, A. hastata sensu Aellen, not L., A. oppositifolia DC., A. triangularis Willd.] *Atriplex rosea L. RED ORACH, ROSY ORACH (A. spatiosa A. Nelson) Atriplex subspicata (Nutt.) Rydb. SPEARSCALE, ORACH [A. patula var. subspicata (Nutt.) S. Wats.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SH *Atriplex tatarica L. TATARIAN SALTBUSH, ORACH, ATRIPLEX Axyris L. 4 *Axyris amaranthoides L. RUSSIAN PIGWEED 52 Bassia All. Synonym: Kochia Roth ex Schrad. *Bassia hirsuta (L.) Aschers. ex Schwein. BASSIA 4 * Bassia hyssopifolia (Pall.) Kuntze BASSIA *Bassia scoparia (L.) A. Scott SUMMER CYPRESS, BELVEDERE GRASS, KOCHIA, MEXICAN FIREBUSH [Kochia scoparia (L.) Roth ex Schrad.] Beta L. *Beta vulgaris L. BEET ssp. maritimus (L.) Arcang. seaside BEET SSp. vulgaris GARDEN BEET Chenopodium L. Synonyms: Blitum L.; Roubieva Moq.; Vulvaria Bub. *Chenopodium album L. lamb’S-quarters, goosefoot, pigweed var. album [C. album var. lanceolatum (Muhl.) Coss. & Germ.; C. lanceolatum Muhl.; C. viride L. in part] var. missouriense (Aellen) Bassett & Crompton (C. missouriense Aellen; C. paganum of authors, not Reich.) *Chenopodium ambrosioides L. MEXICAN TEA, WORMSEED (C. anthelminicum L.) 4 *Chenopodium aristatum L. PIGWEED Chenopodium berlandieri Moq. PIGWEED (C. paganum of authors, not Reichenb.) var. bushianum (Aellen) Cronq. (C. berlandieri var. berlandieri of NY reports; C. bushianum Aellen) var. macrocalycium (Aellen) Cronq. (C. macrocalycium Aellen) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4 S1S2 ^Chenopodium bonus-henricus L. GOOD-KING-HENRY *Chenopodium botrys L. JERUSALEM-OAK, FEATHER-GERANIUM 53 Chenopodium capitatum (L.) Aschers. STRAWBERRY-BLIGHT, indian-PAINT (Blitum capitatum L.) 4 ^Chenopodium foliosum (Moench) Aschers. STRAWBERRY-BLIGHT [Blitum virgatum L.; C. virgatum (L.) Thunb.] 4 *Chenopodium fremontii S. Wats. GOOSEFOOT (REPORT ONLY) *Chenopodium glaucum L. OAK-LEAF GOOSEFOOT [C salinum Standi.; C. glaucum ssp. salinum (Standi.) Aellen] 4 *Chenopodium graveokns Willd. GOOSEFOOT *Chenopodium muUijidum L. CUT-LEAF GOOSEFOOT [Roubieva multifida (L.) Moq.] *Chenopodium murale L. SOWBANE, NETTLE-LEAF GOOSEFOOT 4 *Chenopodium polyspermum L. MANY-SEEDED GOOSEFOOT var. acutifolium (Sm.) Gaud. ^Chenopodium pratericola Rydb. NARROW-LEAF GOOSEFOOT, BEACH GOOSEFOOT, ORACH [C. dessicatum of authors, not A. Nels; var. leptophylloides (Murr) Wahl.; C. foggii Wahl.; C. leptophyllum Nutt, ex Moq. in DC; C pratericola var. leptophylloides (Murr) Aellen & Just] *Chenopodium pumilio R. Br. GOOSEFOOT (C. carinatum of American authors, not R. Br.) ^^'‘Chenopodium rubrum L. RED PIGWEED, RED GOOSE-FOOT, COAST-BLITE [C. chenopodioides of authors, not (L.) Aellen] Rarity Status; State: E TNG Rank: G5 SI Note: This species is a transcontinental weed whose native status is often questioned. Chenopodium simplex (Torrey) Raf. MAPLE-LEAF GOOSEFOOT [C. gigantospermum Aellen; C. hybridum of some authors, not L.; C. hybridum var. gigantospermum (Aellen) Rouleau; var. simplex Torrey] Chenopodium standleyanum Aellen GOOSEFOOT [C. berlandieri Moq. var. boscianum (Moq.) Wahl., C. boscianum Moq.; C. hybridum var. standleyanum (Aellen) Fern.] 54 Chenopodium Strictum Roth GOOSEFOOT, LAMB’S-QUARTERS, PIGWEED var. glaucophyllum (Aellen) Wahl *Chenopodium urbicum L. CITY GOOSEFOOT I *Chenopodium vulvaria L. stinking goosefoot Corispermum L. *Corispermum hyssopifolium L. BUGSEED 4 ^Corispermum nitidum Kit. & Schultes BUGSEED 4 *Corispermum orientate Lam. BUGSEED (C. hyssopifolium of authors in part, not L.) Cycloloma Moq. Synonym: Salsola L. in part *Cycbbma atriplicifolium (Spreng.) Coult. WINGED PIGWEED, TUMBLEWEED {Salsola atriplicifolia Spreng.) Monolepis Schrader 4 *Monokpis nuttalliana (R. & S.) Greene POVERTY- WEED Polycnemum L. 4 *Polycnemum majus A. Br. POLYCNEMUM (P. arvense of NY reports, not L.) Salicornia L. Synonyms: Arthrocnemum Moq.; Sarcocornia A. Scott Salicornia bigebvii Torrey GLASSWORT, SAMPHIRE, CHiCKEN-CLAWS (S. virginica of NY reports in part, not L.) Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G5Q S1S3 Salicornia europaea L. GLASSWORT, SAMPHIRE, CHICKEN-CLAWS [5. europaea var. simplex (Pursh) Fern.; 5. maritima Wolff & Jefferies; S. prostrata Pall.] 55 Salicornia perennis Mill. PERENNIAL SALTWORT, GLASSWORT, SAMPHIRE [Arthrocnemum perenne (Mill.) Moss; 5. virginica of NY reports, not L.; Sarcocornia perennis (Mill.) A. Scott] Salsola L. *Salsola kali L. RUSSIAN THISTLE, salsola, barilla [S. kali var. caroliniana (Walt.) Nutt.; S. pestifer of some authors, not A. Nels.j *Salsola pestifer A. Nelson RUSSIAN THISTLE (S. australis of authors, not R.Br.; 5. iberica Sennen & Pau; S. kali var. tenuifolia Tausch, not Meyer; S. ruthenica Iljin ex Sorn.; 5. tragus of authors, not L.) Spinacea L. 4 *Spinacea oleracea L. SPINACH Suaeda Forsk. Synonyms: Chenopodium L. in part; Dondia Adans.; Salsola L. in part Suaeda calceolariformis (Hooker) Moq. SEA-BLITE, MATTED SEA-BLIGHT, AMERICAN SEEPWEED [Chenopodium calceoliforme Hooker; Dondia americana (Pers.) Britt.; S. americana (Pers.) Fern.; S. depressa (Pursh) S. Wats, in part] Suaeda linearis (Ell.) Moq. SEA-BLITE [Salsola linearis Ell.; Dondia linearis (Ell.) Heller] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort. LESSER SEA-BLITE [Chenopodium maritimum L.; Dondia maritima (L.) Druce; 5. fernaldii Standley] Suaeda rolandii Bassett & Crompton SEA-BLITE [5. maritima of some NY reports, not (L.) Dumort.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G1G2Q SI 56 AMARANTHACEAE (AMARANTH FAMILY) Amaranthus L. Synonyms: Acnida L.; Ewcolus Lesp. & Thev.; Montelia A. Gray *Amaranthus albus L. TUMBLEWEED, PALE amaranth, TUMBLEWEED- AMARANTH (A. graecizans of American authors in part, not L.) *Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats. PROSTRATE AMARANTH, TUMBLEWEED, PROSTRATE PIGWEED {A. graecizans of American authors in part, not L.) *Amaranthus blitum L. LIVID AMARANTH (A. ascendens Loisel.; A. lividus L.) Amaranthus cannabinus (L.) Sauer WATER-HEMP, salt-MARSH HEMP (Acnida cannabina L.; Amaranthus macrocaulos Poir.) *Amaranthus caudatus L. PURPLE AMARANTH, LOVE-LIES-BLEEDING *Amaranthus crispus (Lesp. & Thev.) Terrace. CRISP AMARANTH (Euxolus crispus Lesp. & Thev.) *Amaranthus cruentus L. BLOOD AMARANTH, PURPLE AMARANTH =jj= ^Amaranthus deflexus L. LOW AMARANTH *Amaranthus hybridus L. GREEN AMARANTH, PIGWEED, WILD BEET, PRINCE’S-FEATHER, SPLEEN AMARANTH {A. chlorostachys Willd.; A. incurvatus Ti ex Gren. & Godr.; A. patulus Berol.) *Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. PRINCE’S-FEATHER [A. hybridus var. hypochondriacus (L.) B. Robinson] 4 *Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats. AMARANTH * Amaranthus powellii S. Wats. AMARANTH Amaranthus pumilus Raf. SEABEACH AMARANTH, COAST AMARANTH Rarity Status: Federal Rank: T State: E TNG Rank: G2 SI 57 Amaranthus retrojkxus L. pigweed, GREEN amaranth, wild BEET, REDROOT AMARANTH *Amaranthus rudis Sauer WATER-HEMP [Acnida tamariscina Nutt.; Amaranthus tamariscinus (Nutt.) Wood] *Amaranthus spinosus L. thorny AMARANTH, SPINY amaranth Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq. ex DC.) Sauer WATER-HEMP, ROUGH-FRUITED WATER-HEMP, TALL WATER-HEMP [Acnida altissima (Ridd.) Moq. ex Standi.; A. subnuda (S. Wats.) Standi.; A. tamariscina (Nutt.) Wood; A. tuberculata Moq. ex DC.; Amaranthus altissimus Ridd.; Montelia tamariscina (Nutt.) A. Gray] I ^Amaranthus viridis L. GREEN AMARANTH, SLENDER AMARANTH (A. gracilis Desf.) Froelichia Moench Synonym: Oplotheca Nutt. *Froelichia gracilis (Hooker) Moq. COTTONWEED, SLENDER SNAKE-COTTON {Oplotheca gracilis Hooker) Gomphrena L. 4 *Gomphrena globosa L. GLOBE amaranth 4 *Gomphrena martiana Gill, ex Moq. in DC. GLOBE AMARANTH PORTULACACEAE (PURSLANE FAMILY) Claytonia L. Claytonia caroliniana Michx. CAROLINA SPRING-BEAUTY (C. latifolia Sheldon) Claytonia virginica L. spring-BEAUTY, MAYFLOWER [C. media (DC.) Link; C. multicaulis var. robusta Somes; C. robusta Rydb.; C. simsii Sweet; C. virginica var. acutiflora DC.; var. simsii (Sweet) R. Davis] Note: Montia chamissoi (Ledeb. ex Spring.) Greene MINER’S lettuce A western species with three disjunct populations in Pennsylvania; west bank of the Delaware River, only yards from the NY state line. 58 Portulaca L. *Portulaca grandiflora Hooker MOSS-ROSE, RED portulaca, GARDEN PURSLANE *Portulaca oleracea L. PURSLANE, PUSSLEY [P. oleracea ssp. saliva (Haw) C61ak] MOLLUGINACEAE (CARPETWEED FAMILY) Mollugo L. *MollugO verticillata L. CARPETWEED, INDIAN CHICKWEED, DEVIL’S-GRIP [M. berteriana S6r.; M cerviana of NY reports, not (L.) S6r.] CARYOPHYLLACEAE (PINK FAMILY) Agrostemma L. Synonym: Lychnis L. in part * Agrostemma githago L. CORN-COCKLE, CORN-ROSE, PURPLE COCKLE [Lychnis githago (L.) Scop.] Arenaria L. *Arenaria serpyllifolia L. THYME-LEAF SANDWORT [A. leptoclados Reichenb. ex Guss.; A. serpyllifolia ssp. leptoclados (Reichenb. ex Guss.) Nymer; var. tenuior Mert. & Koch; A. tenuior (Mert. & Koch) Giirke] Cerastium L. *Cerastium arvense L. FIELD CHICKWEED, MEADOW CHICKWEED [C. arvense ssp. strictum (L.) Ugbor.; var. oblongifolium (Torrey) Hollick & Britt.; var. villosum (Muhl. ex Dari.) Hollick & Britt.; C. campestre Greene; C. oblongifolium Torrey; C. occidentale Greene; C. pennsylvanicum Hornem. ex DC.; C. pubescens Goldie; C. tenuifolium Pursh; C. velutinum Raf.; C. villosum Muhl. ex Dari.] *Cerastium biebersteinii DC. SNOW-IN-SUMMER (C. tomentosum of some NY reports, not L.) 59 *Cerastium fontanum Baumg. emend Jaias COMMON MOUSE-EAR, large CHICKWEED, COMMON CHICKWEED [C. caespitosum Gilib.; C. fontanum ssp. triviale of NY authors, not (Link) Jaias; C. holostoides Fries; C. glomeratum of some NY reports, not Thuill.; C. vulgatum of NY authors, not L.] *Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. CLAMMY MOUSE-EAR CHICKWEED [C. apetalum Dumort.; C. glomeratum var. apetalum (Dumort.) Fenzl; C. viscosum of authors, not L.] Cerastium nutans Raf. NODDING CHICKWEED [C. glutinosum Nutt.; C. longipedunculatum Muhl., a nomen nudum-, C. tenellum Fenzl] *Cerastium pumilum Curtis SMALL MOUSE-EAR CHICKWEED *Cerastium semidecandrum L. SMALL MOUSE-EAR CHICKWEED, spring MOUSE-EAR [C. vulgatum var. semidecandrum (L.) A. Gray] *Cerastium tomentosum L. snow-in-SUMMER (C. columnae Tenore) Dianthus L. *Dianthus armeria L. DEPTFORD PINK (D. armeriastrum Wolfner; D. armerioides Raf. ex Desv.; D. epirotus Hal^csy) *Dianthus barbatus L. SWEET-WILLIAM [D. barbatus ssp. compactus (Kit.) Heuffel] *Dianthus carthusianorum L. CLUSTER-HEAD PINK {D. atrorubens All.; D. vaginatus Chaix.) *Dianthus deltoides L. MAIDEN PINK, MEADOW PINK [D. blandus (Reichenb.) Hayek; D. hoppei Portenschl.; D. hungaricus Pers.; D. lumnitzeri Weisb.; D. praecox Kit. ex Willd.] *Dianthus plumarius L. GARDEN PINK, GRASS PINK [D. blandus (Reichenb.) Hayek; D. hoppei Portenschl.; D. luminitzeri Weisb.; D. praecox Kit. ex Willd.] 60 Gypsophila L. *Gypsophila elegans Bieb. BABY’S-BREATH, TALL GYPSOPHIL (G. carminea Hort.; G. grandiflora alba Hort.) *Gypsophila muralis L. BABY’S-BREATH, MIST, MISTFLOWER [G. stepposa Klokov; G. pilosa of NY reports, not Huds.; G. porrigens of NY reports, not (L.) Boiss.] *Gypsophila paniculata L. BABY’S-BREATH, mistflower [G. bicolor Freyn & Sint.; G. paniculata L. ssp. bicolor (Freyn & Sint.) Freyn ex Grossh.; G. stevenii of NY reports, not Fiseh.] 4 *Gypsophila scorzonerifolia Seringe. BABY’S-BREATH (G. arrostii of NY report, not Guss.) Herniaria L. 4 *Herniaria cinerea DC. HERNIARY 4 *Herniaria glabra L. HERNIARY Holosteum L. *Holosteum umbellatum L. JAGGED CHICKWEED [H. glutinosum (Bieb.) Fiseh. & Meyer; H. umbellatum ssp. glutinosum (Bieb.) Nyman] Honckenya Ehrh. Synonyms: Arenaria in part; Ammodenia Rupr.; Honkenya of authors Honckenya peploides (L.) Ehrh. SEABEACH SANDWORT, sea chickweed, SEA PURSLANE ssp. robusta (Fern.) Hult^n [Ammodenia peploides (L.) Rupr.; A. maritima (Raf.) Bickn.; A. peploides var. maritima (Raf.) Stone; Arenaria peploides L.; A. peploides var. robusta Fern.] Lychnis L. Synonyms: Silene L. in part; Coronaria A.Br. ^Lychnis chalcedonica L. scarlet LYCHNIS, MALTESE cross, london- PRIDE 61 *Lychnis coronaria (L.) Desr. ROSE-CAMPION, MULLEIN-PINK {Agrostemma coronaria L.) *Lychms flos-cuculi L. RAGGED-ROBIN, CUCKOO-FLOWER [Coronaria flos-cuculi (L.) A. Br.] 4 *Lychnis viscaria L. GERMAN CATCH-FLY {Coronaria vulgaris A. Br.) Minuartia L. Synonyms: Alsine Wahl.; Alsinopsis Small; Arenaria L. in part; Sabulina Reichenb.; Stellaria L. in part Minuartia caroliniana (Walt.) Mattf. PINE-BARREN SAND-WORT, LONGROOT [Arenaria caroliniana Walt.; A. squarrosa Michx.] Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S3 Minuartia glabra (Michx.) Mattf. APPALACHIAN SAND WORT [Alsinopsis glabra (Michx.) Small in part; Arenaria glabra Michx.; A. groenlandica var. glabra (Michx.) Fern.; M. groenlandica ssp. glabra (Michx.) A. & D. Love; Sabulina glabra (Michx.) Small] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4 S1S2 Minuartia groenlandica (Retz.) Ostenf. MOUNTAIN SAND-WORT [Arenaria groenlandica (Retz.) Spreng.; Sabulina groenlandica (Retz.) Small; Stellaria groenlandica Retz.] Minuartia michauxii (Fenzi) Farw. ROCK SAND-WORT [Alsine michauxii Fenzi; Arenaria macra Nels. & Macbr.; A. michauxii (Fenzi) Hooker f.; A. stricta Michx.; Sabulina stricta (Michx.) Small; M. dawsonensis (Britt.) House] Moehringia L. Synonyms: Arenaria L. in part; Stellaria L. in part Moehringia lateriflora (L.) Fenzi GROVE SANDWORT, BLUNT-LEAF SANDWORT {Arenaria angustifolia Regel; A. lateriflora L.; Stellaria biflora Pursh) 62 Myosoton Moench Synonyms: Alsine Wahl, in part; Cerastium L. in part; Malachium Fries; Stellaria L. in part *Myosoton aquaticum (L.) Moench GIANT CHICKWEED, WATER MOUSE- EAR, GIANT WATER-CHICKWEED [Alsine aquatica (L.) Britt.; Cerastium aquaticum L.; Malachium aquaticum (L.) Fries.; Stellaria aquatica (L.) Scop.] Paronychia Mill. Synonyms: Achyranthes L.; Anychia Michx.; Queria L. Paronychia canadensis (L.) Wood forked CHICKWEED [Achyranthes dichotoma L.; Anychia canadensis (L.) BSP.; A. dichotoma Michx. not L.; P. dichotoma (Michx.) A. Nels; Queria canadensis L.] Paronychia fastigiata (Raf.) Fern. FORKED CHICKWEED [Anychia divaricata Raf.; A. polygonoides Raf.; P. fastigiata var. nuttallii on NY reports, not (Small) Fern.] Petrorhagia (Ser.) Link Synonyms: Dianthus L. in part; Gypsophila L. in part; Imperatia Moench; Kohlraushia Kunth; Tunica Mert. & Koch *Petrorhagia prolifera (L.) Ball & Heyw. CHILDING PINK [Dianthus carolinianus sensu Torrey & A. Gray, not Walt.; D. diminutus L.; D. prolifer L.; Kohlrauschia prolifera (L.) Kunth; Gypsophila prolifera (L.) Arcang.; P. prolifer of authors; Tunica prolifera (L.) Scop.] *Petrorhagia saxifraga (L.) Ser. ex Link SAXIFRAGE PINK (REPORT ONLY) [Dianthus saxifragus L.; Tunica saxifraga (L.) Scop.] Sagina L. Synonyms: Alsine L. in part; Alsinella Bilb. ex Greene; Spergula L. in part Sagina decumbens (Ell.) Torrey & A. Gray PEARLWORT [S. apetala of some NY reports, not Ard.; S. subulata var. smithii A. Gray; 5. decumbens var. smithii (A. Gray) Watson; Spergula decumbens Ell.] Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G5 SI 63 *Sagina japonica (Sw.) Ohwi pearlwort, Japanese pearlwort (S. echinosperma Hayata; S. sinensis Hance; S. taquetii L6v.) *Sagina procumbens L. PEARLWORT, BIRD’S-EYE [Alsine procumbens (L.) Crantz; S. apetala of some NY reports, not Ard.; S. Corsica Jord.; S. muscosa lord.; S. procumbens var. muscosa Jord.] Saponaria L. *Saponaria ocymoides L. SOAPWORT *Saponaria officinalis L. BOUNCING-BET, SOAPWORT, LONDON-PRIDE, BRUISEWORT, FULLER’S-HERB, SHEEPWEED, SWEET-BETTY, BOSTON- PINK, OLD-MAID’S-PINK, HEDGE-PINK, CHIMNEY-PINK Scleranthus L. *Sckranthus annum L. KNAWEL, GERMAN KNOTGRASS [5. annuus ssp. ruscinonensis (Gillot & Coste) P. Sell; S. uncinatus Schur] Silene L. Synonyms: Behen Moench; Behenantha Schur; Cucubalus L.; Lychnis L. in part; Melandrium Roehl. in part Silene antirrhina L. SLEEPY CATCH-FLY [5. antirrhina var. depauperata Rydb.; var. divaricata B. Robinson; S. divaricata (B. Robinson) Smyth] *Silene armeria L. SWEET-WILLIAM, CATCH-FLY, NOT-SO-PRETTY (S. armeria var. sparsiflora Schur; S. glauca Salisb. S. lituanica Zapal.) Silene caroliniana Walt. WILD PINK var. pensylvanica (Michx.) Fern. [Melandrium pensylvanicum (Michx.) Rohr.; S. caroliniana ssp. pensylvanica (Michx.) Clausen; var. wherryi (Small) Fern., S. pensylvanica Michx., 5. wherryi Small] ={[= *Silene conica L. CAMPION *Silene csereii Baumg. CAMPION [5. czerei and S. cserii of authors; S. fabaria sensu Rydb., not (L.) Sibth. & Sm.] 64 *Silene dichotoma Ehrh. FORKED CATCH FLY [5. anglica of NY reports, not L.; var. quinquivulnera (L.) House; S. gallica of NY reports not L., S. racemosa Otth. in DC.] *Silene dioica (L.) Clairv. RED CAMPION [Lychnis dioica L.; L. diurna Sibth.; Melandrium dioicum (L.) Garcke; M nibrum (L.) Garcke] *Silene dioica x latifolia CAMPION (REPORT ONLY) (5. alba x dioica', S. dioica x pratensis) 4 *Silene italica Pers. CAMPION ssp. nemoralis (Waldst. & Kit.) Nyman *Silene latifolia Poir. WHITE CAMPION, WHITE COCKLE [Lychnis alba Mill.; L. arvensis Gaertn., Meyer & Scherb.; L. vespertina Sibth.; Melandrium album (Mill.) Garcke; M. dioicum ssp. album (Mill.) D. Love; 5. alba (Mill.) Krause ex Sturm, not Muhl. ex Britt.; S. pratensis (Rafn) Gord. & Gren., not Poir.] *Silene noctijlora L. night-flowering catch-fly, sticky campion [Melandrium noctiflorum (L.) Fries.] 4 *Silene nutans L. nodding campion Silene stellata (L.) Ait. f. STARRY CAMPION, widow’S-frill, thermon SNAKEROOT, FOUR-LEAVED CAMPION [Cucubalus stellatus L.; Evactoma stellata (L.) Nieuwl.; E. stellata var. scabrella Nieuwl.; S. stellata var. scabrella (Nieuwl.) Palmer & Steyerm.; 5. scabrella (Nieuwl.) G. N. Jones] I *Silene virginica L. FIRE-PINK, SCARLET CATCHFLY *Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke bladder-CAMPION, maiden’S-TEARS [Behen vulgaris Moench; Cucubalus behen L.; C. inflatus Salisb.; C. latifolius Mill.; S. cucubalus Wibel; S. inflata (Salisb.) Sm.; 5. latifolia (Mill.) Britt. & Rendle, not Poir.; 5. venosa (Gilib.) Aschers.] Spergula L. *Spergula arvensis L. CORN-SPURRY (CORN-SPURREY), poverty- WEED, PINE-CHEAT, COW-QUAKE, PICK-PURSE, YARR [5. arvensis var. sativa (Bonn.) Mert. & Koch, not Reichenb.; 5. linicola Boreau; S. maxima Weihe; 5. sativa Bonn.; S. vulgaris Bonn.] 65 Spergularia (Pers.) J. & C. Presl Synonyms: Alsine L.; Arenaria L. in part; Buda Adans.; Tissa Adans. 4 Spergularia canadensis (Pers.) D. Don NORTHERN sand-SPURRY [Alsine canadensis (Pers.) House; Arenaria canadensis Pers.; Buda borealis S. Wats.; Spergula canadensis (Pers.) Dietr.; Tissa canadensis (Pers.) Britton] Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G5 SX ^Spergularia media (L.) C. Presl ex Griseb. SAND-SPURRY [Alsine marginata (DC. ex Lam. & DC.) Reichenb.; A. media (L.) Druce; Arenaria marginata DC. ex Lam. & DC.; A. maritima Pall.; A. media L.; Buda media (L.) Dumort.; Lepigonum medium (L.) Fries.; S. alata Wieg.; S. marginata (DC. ex Lam. & DC.) Kittel; 5. maritima (All.) Choiv.] *Spergularia rubra (L.) J. & C. Presl COMMON sand-SPURRY, purple SAND-SPURRY, SANDWORT [Alsine rubra (L.) Crantz; Arenaria rubra L.; Buda rubra (L.) Dumort.; Lepigonum rubnim (L.) Fries.; S. campestris (L.) Aschers.; Tissa rubra (L.) Britt.] ^Spergularia salina J. & C. Presl SALTMARSH SAND-SPURRY [Alsine maritima Pall.; Arenaria rubra L. p marina L.; A. marina All.; Buda marina (L.) Dumort.; Lepigonum caninum Leffler; L. marinum (L.) Kindb., Spergula salina (J. & C. Presl) Dietr.; Spergularia alata Wieg. in part; S. canina (Leffler) Leffler; S. leiosperma (Kindb.) F. Schmidt; S. marina (L.) Griseb.; S. tenue Greene; Tissa marina (L.) Britt.] Stellaria L. Synonyms: Alsine L. in part; Bigelowia Raf. *Stellaria alsine Grimm BOG STARWORT, MARSH chickweed [Alsine uliginosa (Murr.) Britt.; S. uliginosa Murr.] Stellaria borealis Bigel. NORTHERN STARWORT, STITCHWORT [Alsine borealis (Bigel.) Britt.; Bigelowia montana Raf., S. alpestris Fries; 5. borealis var. isophylla Fern.; var. floribunda Fern.; S. calycantha of NY reports, not (Ledeb.) Bong.] 66 *Stellaria graminea L. COMMON STITCHWORT, LESSER STITCHWORT [Alsine graminea (L.) Britt.; 5. graminifolia Salisb.; 5. montana Raf.] *Stellaria hobstea L. EASTER-BELL, greater STITCHWORT [Alsine holostea (L.) Britt.] Stelbria bngifoUa Muhi. ex Willd, NEEDLE-LEAF STARWORT [Alsine longifolia (Muhl. ex Willd.) Britt.; S. friesiana Ser. ex DC.; S. longipes var. laeta (Richardson) S. Wats.; S. tenella Raf.] Stelbria bngipes Goldie STARWORT, STITCHWORT [Alsine longipes (Goldie) Cov.; 5. crassifolia S. Wats.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5T? SI *Stelbria media (L.) Vill. COMMON CHICKWEED [Alsine media L.; A. pallida Dumort.; S. apetala Bern, of some authors, not Ucria; 5. neglecta Weihe ex Bluff & Fingerhut; S. pallida (Dumort.) Pire] ^*^Stelbria pubera Michx. GREAT CHICKWEED, GREAT STARWORT, STAR CHICKWEED var. pubera var. sylvatica (Beg.) Weatherby [5. corei Shinners; S. sylvatica (Beg.) Maguire] Vaccaria Medik. Synonym: Saponaria L. in part *Vaccaria hispanica (Mill.) Raush. COW-HERB, COCKLE [Saponaria hispanica Mill.; 5. vaccaria L.; V. pyramidata Medik.; V. segetalis (Neck.) Garcke ex Ashers.; V. vaccaria (L.) Britt.; V. vulgaris Host] 67 Order: Polygonales POLYGONACEAE (BUCKWHEAT FAMILY) Fagopyrum Mill. Synonym: Polygonum L. in part *Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. buckwheat [F. fagopyrum (L.) Karst.; F. sagittatum Gilib., a nomen rej. \ F. vulgare Hill] JL *Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn. INDIA WHEAT Polygonella Michx. Synonyms: Delopyrum Small; Polygonum in part; Psammogonum Nieuwl. Polygonella articulata (L.) Meisn. JOINTWEED, HEATHER [Delopyrum articulatum (L.) Small; Polygonum articulatum L.; Psammogonum articulatum (L.) Nieuwl.] Polygonum L. Synonyms: Bilderdykia Dumort.; Persicaria Mill.; Pleuropteris Turcz.; Reynoutria Houtt.; Tiniaria Webb & Moq. ex Webb & Berth.; Tovara Adans.; Tracaulon Raf. Polygonum achoreum Blake HOMELESS KNOTWEED Polygonum amphibium L. WATER smartweed, amphibious smartweed [Persicaria amphibia (L.) S. Gray] Note: Over 100 synonyms are known for this highly variable species- complex; those listed have received the widest historical use. var. emersum Michx. TALL WATER SMARTWEED, DEVIL’S SHOESTRING (F. coccineum Muhl. ex Willd.; P. inundatum Raf.; P. muhlenbergii S. Wats.) var. emersum x stipulaceum WATER SMARTWEED (P. hartwrightii A. Gray.) Note: A significant number of populations of water smartweed in New York State are clinal intermediates, var. stipulaceum Golem. WATER SMARTWEED, floating SMARTWEED, AMPHIBIOUS SMARTWEED (P. amphibium var. amphibium of North American reports, not L.; P. fluitans Eaton; P. natans Eaton) 68 *Polygonum arenastrum Jord, ex Bor. KNOTWEED, DOORWEED, KNOTGRASS, SIDEWALK-WEED [P. aequale Lindm.; P. aviculare var. arenastrum (Jord. ex Bor.) Rouy; P. aviculare of authors in large part, not L.j Polygonum arifoHum L. arrowleaf tearthumb, broadleaf TEARTHUMB [Tracaulon arifolium (L.) Small; P. arifolium var. pubescens (Keller) Fern.] ^Polygonum aubertii Henry SILVER LACE-ViNE, CHINA FLEECE [Bilderdykia aubertii (Henry) Moldenke] *Polygonum aviculare L. KNOTWEED, KNOTGRASS {P. aviculare var. vegetum Ledeb.; P. heterophyllum Lindm.; P. monspeliensis Pers.) Note: It has been argued that, if P. aviculare is considered a nomen ambiguum, the correct name for the species is P. monspeliensis Pers. *Polygonum bellardii All. NARROW-LEAF KNOTWEED, NEEDLE-LEAF KNOTWEED (P. aviculare var. angustissimum Meisn.; P. neglectum Besser; P. provinciale Koch.; P. rurivagum Jord. ex Bor.) Polygonum buxiforme Small KNOTWEED, KNOTGRASS [P. aviculare var. crassifolium Lange; var. littorale (Link) Mert.; P. fowleri of NY reports, not B. Robinson; P. littorale (Link) Koch] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Polygonum careyi OIney SMARTWEED, PINKWEED [Persicaria careyi (OIney) Greene] Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G4 S2 *Polygonum cespitosum Blume LOW SMARTWEED var. bngisetum (DeBruyn) Stewart (P. longisetum DeBruyn; P. posumbo Hamilt.) Polygonum cilinode Michx. FRINGED bindweed, FALSE BUCKWHEAT [Bilderdykia cilinode (Michx.) Greene] *Polygonum convolvulus L. BLACK BINDWEED, CORN-BIND, NIMBLE WILL, IVY BINDWEED [Bilderdykia convolvulus (L.) Dumort.] 69 ^Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. & Zucc. JAPANESE BAMBOO, JAPANESE KNOTWEED {P. zuccarinii Small; Reynoutria japonica Houtt.) Polygonum douglasii Greene KNOTWEED Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G5 SI I Polygonum erectum L. ERECT KNOTWEED, bushy KNOTWEED [P. aviculare var. agrarium K. Koch; var. erectum (L.) Roth; var. laterale Michx.] Rarity Status: State: U TNG Rank: G5 SX Polygonum glaucum Nutt. SEABEACH KNOTWEED (P. maritimum of NY reports, not L.; P. rail of NY reports, not Bab.) Rarity Status: State: T TNG Rank: G3 S3 *Polygonum hydropiper L. COMMON smartweed, WATER-PEPPER, POOR- MAN’S PEPPER, EYEBANE [Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Opiz.] Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. mild WATER-PEPPER, smartweed var. hydropiperoides [Persicaria hydropiperoides (Michx.) Small; Polygonum hydropiperoides var. strigosum Small; P. mite Pers.] var. opebusanum (Ridd. ex Small) Stone OPELOUSA SMARTWEED [Persicaria opelousana (Ridd. ex Small) Small; Polygonum hydropiperoides var. adenocalyx (Stanf.) Gleason; P. opelousanum Ridd. ex Small; var. adenocalyx Stanf.] Rarity Status: State: T TNG Rank: G5 S2S3 *Polygonum bpathifolium L. willow- WEED, DOCK-LEAF SMARTWEED, PALE SMARTWEED [Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Small; Polygonum incarnatum Ell.; P. lapathifolium var. incanum (Schmidt) Koch; var. nodosum (Pers.) Weinm.; var. punctatum Beck ex Reichenb.; var. salicifolium Sibth.; P. nodosum Pers.; P. scabrum Moench; P. tomentosum A. Gray] *Polygonum bpathifolium x persicaria SMARTWEED * Polygonum nepabnse Meisn. NEPALESE KNOTWEED (P. alatum Hamilt. ex D. Don) 70 *Polygonum orientale L. PRINCE’S-FEATHER, KISS-ME-OVER-THE-GARDEN- GATE, GARDEN SMARTWEED [Persicaria orientalis (L.) Spach] Polygonum pensylvanicum L. PINKWEED, SMARTWEED [Persicaria pensylvanica (L.) Small; Polygonum bicorne Raf.; P. incanum F. Schmidt; P. longistylum Small; P. pensylvanicum var. eglandulosum J. Meyers; var. laevigatum Fern.] ^Polygonum perfoliatum L. MILE-A-MINUTE WEED *Polygonum persicaria L. LADY’S-THUMB, HEART’S-EASE, SMARTWEED [Persicaria persicaria (L.) Small; P. dubium Stein; P. minus Huds.; P. mite of American authors, not Schrank; P. puritanonim Fern.] 4 *Polygonum polycnemoides Jaub. & Spach KNOTWEED Polygonum punctatum Ell. WATER SMARTWEED, DOTTED SMARTWEED var. confertiflorum (Meisn.) Fassett [P. punctatum var. leptostachyum (Meisn.) Small; var. parvum Viet. & Rouss.] var. punctatum [Persicaria punctata (Ell.) Small; Polygonum acre Kunth] ^Polygonum ramosissimum Michx. KNOTWEED var. prolificum Small SALTMARSH KNOTWEED [F. prolificum (Small) B. Robinson; P. atlanticum (B. Robinson) Bickn.; P. exsertum Small, in large part] var. ramosissimum KNOTWEED (P. allocarpum Blake; P. exsertum Small in part) Polygonum robustius (Small) Fern. LARGE WATER SMARTWEED [Persicaria robustior (Small) Bickn.; Polygonum punctatum var. majus (Meisn. ex DC.) Fassett; var. robustior Small] *Polygonum sachalinense Schmidt ex Maxim. SACHALINE, GIANT KNOTWEED, BAMBOO [Reynoutria sachalinensis (Schmidt ex Maxim.) Nakai ex Mori] Polygonum sagittatum L. TEARTHUMB, ARROW-VINE, SCRATCH-GRASS [Tracaulon sagittatum (L.) Small] 71 Polygonum scandens L. climbing false-buckwi ieat var. cristatum (Engelm. & A. Gray) Gleason [Bilderdykia cnstata (Engelm. & A. Gray) Greene; P. cristatum Engelm. & A. Gray; P. dumetorum forma cristatum (Engelm. & A. Gray) B. Robinson] *var. dumetorum (L.) Gleason [Bilderdykia dumetorum (L.) Dumort.; P. dumetorum L.] var. scandens [Bilderdykia scandens (L.) Greene; P. dumetorum var. scandens (L.) A. Gray] Polygonum setaceum Baldw. ex Ell. SWAMP SMARTWEED var. interjectum Fern. [Persicaria setacea (Baldw. ex Ell.) Small; Polygonum hydropiperoides var. setaceum (Baldw. ex Ell.) Gleason in part; P. setaceum var. tonsum Fern.] Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G5T4 S1S2 Polygonum tenue Michx. SLENDER KNOTWEED Polygonum virginianum L. JUMPSEED [Tovara virginiana (L.) Raf.] Rheum L. *Rheum rhabarbarum L. RHUBARB, PIE PLANT, ENGLISH RHUBARB (R. rhaponticum of American authors, not L.) Rumex L. *Rumex acetosa L. GARDEN SORREL, GREEN SORREL *Rumex acetosella L. SHEEP SORREL, RED SORREL, SOURGRASS [R. acetosella ssp. angiocarpus (Murb.) Murb; R. angiocarpus Murb.] Rumex altissimus Wood PALE DOCK, WATER DOCK, TALL DOCK, PEACH- LEAF DOCK *Rumex crispus L. CURLY DOCK, YELLOW DOCK, SOUR DOCK *Rumex crispus x obtusifolius = R. x acutus L. CURLY DOCK (R. X pratensis Mert. & Koch) *Rumex crispus x patientia = R. x confusus Simonkai LARGE CURLY DOCK 72 Rumex hastatulus Baldw. ex Eil. HEART SORREL, RED sorrel, SHEEP SORREL, WILD SORREL (R. engelmannii Meisn.) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI *Rumex bngifoliiis DC. YARD DOCK (R. domesticus Hartm.) Rumex maritimus L. GOLDEN DOCK, SEASHORE dock \ar.fueginus (Phil.) Dus6n Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5T5 SI (R. maritimus var. athrix St. John) var. persicarioides (L.) R. Mitchell Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5T3 SI (R. persicarioides L.) *Rumex obtusifolius L. BITTER-DOCK, RED-VEINED DOCK [R. conglomeratus of NY reports, not Murr.; R. crispatulus Michx.; R. pulcher of NY reports, not L.; R. sanguineus of NY reports, not L.] Rumex orbiculatus A. Gray GREAT WATER DOCK {R. britannica of American authors, not L.; R. hydrolapathum var. americanum A. Gray; R. orbiculatus var. borealis Rech. f.) 4 Rumex pallidus Bigel. white dock, SEASHORE DOCK (REPORT ONLY) *Rumex pallidus x salicifolius var. mexicanus DOCK {R. pallidus of western NY reports) *Rumex patientia L. PATIENCE DOCK, MONK’S RHUBARB *Rumex salicifolius Weinm. wiLLOW-LEAF DOCK var. mexicanus (Meisn.) Hitchc. [R. mexicanus Meisn. ex DC.; R. salicifolius Weinm. ssp. triangulivalvis Danser; var. triangulivalvis (Danser) Hickm.; R. triangulivalvis (Danser) Rech. f.] Rumex verticillatus L. SWAMP dock, water DOCK 73 Order: Plumbaginales PLUMBAGINACEAE (LEADWORT FAMILY) Limonium Mill. Synonym: Statice Willd. Limonium carolinianum (Walt.) Britt. SEA-LAVENDER, MARSH-ROSEMARY, STATICE, CANKER-ROOT [L. carolinianum var. angustatum (A. Gray) Blake; L. nashii Small ex Blake; var. trichogonum Blake; Statice caroliniana (Willd.) Pursh] 4 *Limonium leptostachyum (Boiss.) Kuntze STATICE Subclass; Dilleniidae Order: Dilleniales PAEONIACEAE (PEONY FAMILY) Paeonia L. *Paeonia lactifbra Pall. GARDEN PEONY, CHINESE PEONY, PAEONY [P. albiflora Pall.; P. chinensis Hort.; P. edulis Salisb.; P. fragrans (Sab.) Redoutd; P. lactea Pall.; P. sinensis Hort.] Order: Theales ELATINACEAE (WATERWORT FAMILY) Elatine L. Elatine americana (Pursh) Arn. AMERICAN WATERWORT, WATER PURSLANE [E. triandra var. americana (Pursh) Fassettj Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G4 SI Elatine minima (Nutt.) Fisch. & Meyer LESSER WATERWORT, MUD- PURSLANE {E. clintoniana C. Peck) * Elatine triandra Schkuhr EURASIAN WATERWORT, GREATER WATERWORT, WATER PURSLANE 74 CLUSIACEAE (MANGOSTEEN FAMILY) Hypericum L. Synonyms: Ascyrum Mill.; Sarothra L. Hypericum adpressum Raf. ex Bart. CREEPING ST. JOHN’S-WORT Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G2G3 SI Hypericum ascyron L. GREAT ST. JOHN’S-WORT {H. macrocarpum Michx.; H. pyramidatum Ait.) Hypericum boreale (Britt.) Bickn. NORTHERN DWARF ST. JOHN'S-WORT [H. muticum ssp. boreale (Britt.) Gillett] Hypericum canadense L. CANADIAN ST. JOHN’S-WORT 4 Hypericum canadense x mutilum = H. x dissimulatum Bickn. ST. JOHN’S WORT 4 Hypericum crux-andreae (L.) Crantz ST. PETER’S-WORT, ST. ANDREW’S CROSS (REPORT ONLY) [Ascyrum stans Michx.; Hypericum stans (Michx.) Adams & Robson] Hypericum densifbrum Pursh bushy st. JOHN’S wort Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Hypericum denticulatum Walt. COPPERY ST. john’S-WORT (H. virgatum Lam.) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Hypericum ellipticum Hooker PALE ST. JOHN’S-WORT Hypericum gentianoides (L.) BSP. ORANGE-GRASS, PINEWEED, FALSE ST. JOHN’S-WORT {Sarothra gentianoides L.) 4 Hypericum gymnanthum Engelm. & A. Gray ST. JOHN’S-WORT [H. mutilum var. gymnanthum (Engelm. & A. Gray) A. Gray] Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G4 SX 4 ^Hypericum humifusum L. ST. JOHN’S-WORT (REPORT ONLY) 75 Hypericum hypericoides (L.) Crantz ST. ANDREW’S CROSS (Ascyrum hypericoides L.; H. crux-andreae of some authors, not L.; H. stragiilum Adams & Robson) ssp. multicaule (Michx. ex Willd.) Robson {H. multicaule Michx. ex Willd.) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5T4 SI 4 Hypericum kalmianum L. KALM ST. JOHN’S-WORT Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G4 SX Hypericum majus (A. Gray) Britt. CANADIAN ST. JOHN’S-WORT Hypericum mutilum L. dwarf st. JOHN’S wort [H. mutilum var. parviflorum (Willd.) Fern.] ^Hypericum perforatum L. COMMON ST. JOHN’S-WORT, KLAMATH- WEED, GOAT-WEED Hypericum prolificum L. SHRUBBY ST. JOHN’S-WORT [H. spathulatum (Spach) Steud.j Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 S2 Hypericum punctatum Lam. ST. JOHN’S-WORT Triadenum Raf. Synonym: Hypericum L. in part Triadenum fraseri (Spach) Gleason MARSH ST. JOHN’S WORT, PINK FLOWERED ST. JOHN’S-WORT [Hypericum virginicum var. fraseri (Spach) Fern.] Triadenum virginicum (L.) Raf. MARSH ST. JOHN’S wort, pink- FLOWERED ST. JOHN’S-WORT {Hypericum virginicum L.) Order: Malvales TILIACEAE (LINDEN FAMILY) Tilia L. Tilia americana L. BASSWOOD, WHITEWOOD, AMERICAN LINDEN var. americana [T. americana var. neglecta (Spach) Fosberg; T. glabra Vent.; T. neglecta Spach] 76 var. heterophylla (Vent.) Loud. WHITE BASSWOOD [T. heterophylla Vent.; var. michawcii (Nutt.) Sarg.; T. michawcii Nutt.] *Tilia cordata Mill. SMALL-LEAVED LINDEN, EUROPEAN LINDEN, HEART- LEAF LINDEN STERCULIACEAE (CACAO FAMILY) Melochia L. *Melochia corchorifolia L. MELOCHIA MALVACEAE (MALLOW FAMILY) Abutilon Mill. *Abutibn theophrasti Medik. VELVET-LEAF, butter-PRINT, pie-MARKER, INDIAN MALLOW [Sida abutilon L.; A. abutilon (L.) Rusby] Alcea L. Synonym: Althaea L. in part *Alcea rosea L. HOLLYHOCK [Althaea rosea (L.) Cav.j Althaea L. 4 *Althaea hirsuta L. MALLOW (REPORT ONLY) * Althaea officinalis L. MARSH-MALLOW, WHITE MALLOW Anoda Cav. Synonym: Sida L. in part 4 * Anoda cristata (L.) Schlect. ANODA (REPORT ONLY) [A. triangularis of NY reports, not (Humb. & Bonpl.) DC; Sida cristata L.] 77 Hibiscus L. Synonym: Trionum (L.) Medik. Hibiscus moscheutos L. ROSE-MALLOW, SWAMP-ROSE, MARSHROSE, MAI-iSH- MALLOW, WILD COTTON (H. oculiroseus Brill.; H. opulifolius Greene; H. palustris L.) *Hibiscus syriacus L. rose-of-sharon, shrub althaea *Hibiscus trionum L. FLOWER-OF-AN-HOUR, MODESTY [H. collinsiana Null, ex Torrey & A. Gray; Trionum trionum (L.) Woolen & Slandl.] Kosteletzkya C. Presl 4 Kosteletzkya virginica (L.) C. Presl ex A. Gray SALTMARSH MALLOW, SEASIDE MALLOW (REPORT ONLY) var. aquilonia Fern. Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G3T3T4 SX Malva L. *Malva alcea L. VERVAIN -MALLOW *Malva moschata L. MUSK MALLOW *Malva neglecta Wallr. CHEESES, COMMON mallow (M. rotundifolia of NY reports, not L.) *Malva parvifbra L. LITTLE MALLOW *Malva sylvestris L. HIGH mallow, CHEESES *Malva verticillata L. WHORLED MALLOW [M. crispa (L.) L.] Sida L. Synonym: Napaea L. 4 *Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby VIRGINIA MALLOW {Napaea hermaphrodita L.; 5. napaea Cav.) 4 *Sida spinosa L. PRICKI.Y MALLOW, INDIAN MALLOW 78 Sidalcea A. Gray 4 *Sidalcea oregana (Nutt, ex Torrey & Gray) A. Gray CHECKER-BLOOM (5. new at a Nels.) Order: Nepenthales SARRACENIACEAE (PITCHER-PLANT FAMILY) Sarracenia L. Sarracenia purpurea L. PITCHER-PLANT, SIDE-SADDLE PLANT DROSERACEAE (SUNDEW FAMILY) Drosera L. Drosera jlliformis Raf. DEW-THREAD, THREADLEAF SUNDEW {D. tenuifolia Willd.) Drosera intermedia Ilayne SUNDEW, NARROW-LEAF SUNDEW (£). longifolia Michx. in part) Drosera rotundifolia L. SUNDEW, ROUND-LEAF SUNDEW {D. rotundifolia var. comosa Fern.) Order: Violales CISTACEAE (ROCKROSE FAMILY) Helianthemum Mill. Synonyms: Cistus L. in part; Crocanthemum Spach; Heteromeris Spach ex Hooker; Lechea L. in part Helianthemum bicknellii Fern. PINE-BARREN FROSTWEED, HOARY FROSTWEED, HOARY ROCKROSE [Crocanthemum corymbosum (Pursh) Britt, ex Britt. & Brown; C. bicknellii (Fern.) Barnh.; H. corymbosum Pursh, not Miehx.; H. majus sensu BSP.) Helianthemum canadense (L.) Michx. frostweed, ROCKROSE, SUNDROPS, LONG-BRANCHED FROSTWEED, SCROFULA PLANT [Cistus canadensis L.; Crocanthemum canadense (L.) Britt, ex Britt. & Brown; H. canadense var. sabulonum Fern.; Lechea major L.] 79 Helianthemum dumosum (Bickn.) Fern. BUSHY rockrose, bushy FROSTWEED (Crocanthemum dumosum Bickn.) Rarity Status; State: T TNC Rank; G3 S2 Helianthemum propinquum (Bickn.) Bickn. ex Britt. EARLY FROSTWEED, SOUTHERN HOARY FROSTWEED {Crocanthemum propinquum Bickn.) 4 *Helianthemum salicifolium (L.) Mill. FROSTWEED [H. intermedium (Pers.) Thib. ex Dunal] Hudsonia L. Hudsonia ericoides L. GOLDEN HEATHER, HEATH-LIKE HUDSONIA Hudsonia tomentosa Nutt. BEACH HEATHER, WOOLLY HUDSONIA, POVERTY-GRASS, FALSE-HEATHER, BEACH-HEATH {H. tomentosa var. intermedia Peck, not H. ericoides x tomentosa) Lechea L. Lechea intermedia Leggett ex Britt, pinweed, large-POD PINWEED (L. intermedia var. laurentiana Hodgdon; L. juniperina Bickn.; L. minor Hooker in part) Lechea maritima Leggett ex Britt. BEACH PINWEED [L. minor var. maritima (Leggett ex Britt.) A. Gray] Lechea minor L. THYME-LEAF PINWEED (L. thymifolia Michx.) Lechea mucronata Raf. ex Desv. PINWEED (L. stricta of NY reports, not Legg. ex Britt.; L. villosa Ell.) Lechea pukhella Raf. PINWEED var. moniliformis (Bickn.) Seym. [L. leggettii var. moniliformis (Bickn.) Seym.] Rarity Status; State: E TNC Rank: G5T4 SI var. pukhella (L. leggettii Britt. & Hollick; L. minor Hooker in part) Lechea racemulosa Lam. PINWEED (L. minor var. gracilis Torrey & A. Gray) Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S3 80 Lechea tenuifolia Michx. SLENDER PINWEED Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 VIOLACEAE (VIOLET FAMILY) Hybanthus Jacq. Synonyms: Cubelium Raf.; Solea Sprang.; Viola L. in part Hybanthus concolor (Forst.) Spreng. GREEN VIOLET [Cubelium concolor (Forst.) Raf.; Solea concolor (Forst.) Ging. ex DC.; Viola concolor Forst.] Viola L. Viola adunca Sm. WESTERN DOGFOOT VIOLET, HOOKSPUR VIOLET, LABRADOR VIOLET \V. adunca var. minor (Hooker) Fern.; V. huronensis Greene; V. labradorica Schrank; V. subvestita Greene] Viola affinis LeConte LECONTE VIOLET (V. latiuscula Greene; V. sororia L. of authors in part) Viola affinis x cucullata = F. x consocia House VIOLET Viola affinis x hirsutula = V. x consobrina House VIOLET (REPORT ONLY) (V. X dowelliana House) Viola affinis x palmata = V. x slavinii House VIOLET (K X davisii House; V x discors House) Viola affinis x sagittata = V. x dissena House VIOLET (V. X hollickii House) Viola affinis x septentrionalis = K x champlainensis House VIOLET (REPORT ONLY) Viola affinis x sororia = V. xfilicetorum Greene VIOLET (V. X Columbiana House; V. x consona House) * Viola arvensis Murr. WILD PANSY, EUROPEAN FIELD PANSY Viola blanda Willd. SWEET WHITE VIOLET {V blanda var. palustriformis A. Gray; V incognita Brainerd; V macloskeyi of authors in part, not Lloyd) 81 Viola canadensis L. TALL WHITE violet, CANADA violet [V. canadensis var. corymbosa of NY reports, not Nutt, ex Torrey & A. Gray; var. rugulosa (Greene) Hitchc.; V. rugalosa of NY reports, not Greene] Viola conspersa Reichenb. AMERICAN DOG-VIOLET 4 Viola conspersa x rostrata = F. x malteana House VIOLET (REPORT ONLY) Viola conspersa x striata = F. x eclipes Ballard VIOLET Viola cucullata Ait. BLUE MARSH VIOLET (V. cucullata var. microtitis Brainerd; V. prionosepala Greene; V. obliqua Hill in part; V. sororia of authors in part, not L.) Viola cucullata x palmata = F. x ryoniae House VIOLET (F. x notabilis Bickn.) 4 Viola cucullata x primulifolia = F . x lavandulacea Bickn. VIOLET Viola cucullata x sagittata — V. x porteriana Pollard VIOLET (V. X abberans Greene; V. x festata House; V. cucullata x fimbriatula) Viola cucullata x septentrionalis “ F. x melissifolia Greene VIOLET Viola cucullata x sororia = F. x conturbata House VIOLET (V. X bissellii Brainerd; V. x melissifolia Greene) 4 * Viola hastata Michx. HALBARD-LEAF YELLOW VIOLET, SPEAR-LEAF YELLOW VIOLET (REPORT ONLY) Viola hirsutula Brainerd SOUTHERN WOOD VIOLET (V. villosa Walt, in part) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4 SH 4 Viola hirsutula x palmata — V. x ravida House VIOLET (K x dissita House) Viola hirsutula x sagittata = F. x redacta House VIOLET (F x dimissa House) 82 4 Viola hirsutula x sororia = V, x cordifolia (Nutt.) Schwein. VIOLET (REPORT ONLY) (K hirsutula x papilionacea sensu Nutt.; V. x perpera House) Viola lanceolata L. LANCE-LEAF VIOLET, STRAP-LEAF VIOLET, WATER VIOLET \V. lanceolata ssp. vittata of NY report, not (Greene) Weath. & Griscom] Viola lanceolata x macloskeyi ssp. pallens = V. x sublanceolata House VIOLET (REPORT ONLY) (V. lanceolata x pallens) Viola lanceolata x primulifolia = K x modesta House VIOLET Viola macloskeyi Lloyd WHITE VIOLET ssp. pallens (Banks ex DC.) M. Baker PALE VIOLET [V. blanda of authors, not Willd.; V. macloskeyi var. pallens (Banks ex DC.) Hitchc.; V. pallens (Banks ex DC.) Brainerd] 4 Viola macloskeyi ssp. pallens x primulifolia = V. x mollicula House VIOLET (REPORT ONLY) Viola nephrophylla Greene NORTHERN BOG VIOLET, WESTERN SWAMP VIOLET Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Viola novae-angliae House NEW ENGLAND VIOLET (V. sororia of some authors, not L.; V. x conturbata House in part) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G3 SI *Viola odorata L. ENGLISH VIOLET, SWEET VIOLET, MARCH VIOLET Viola palmata L. EARLY BLUE VIOLET, WOOD VIOLET, WILD OKRA, COAST VIOLET, BRITTON’S VIOLET, BLUE WOOD VIOLET \V. X angellae Pollard; V. baxteri House; V. brittoniana Pollard; var. pectinata (Bickn.) Alex.; V. x eamesii House; V. palmata of authors in part, not L.; V. palmata var. triloba (Schwein.) Gingens ex DC.; V. pectinata Bickn.; V. stoneana House; V. triloba Schwein.] Viola palmata x sagittata = V. x mistura House violet (REPORT ONLY) (V. X caesariensis House; V. x convicta House; V. x marylandica House; V. x holmiana House; V. x mulfordae Pollard; V. x robinsoniana House;) 83 Viola palmata x sororia = F. x populifolia Greene VIOLET {V. X bernardii of NY reports, not Greene; V. x insolita House; V. x modica House; V. x peckiana House; V. sororia x triloba sensu Greene; V. x variabilis Greene) Viola pedata L. BIRD’S-FOOT VIOLET, PANSY VIOLET, JOHNNY-JUMP-UP (V. pedata var. lineariloba DC.) Viola primulifolia L. PRIMROSE VIOLET [V. primulifolia var. acuta (Bigel.) Torrey & A. Gray] Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: GST? S2 Viola pubescens Ait. YELLOW violet, smooth YELLOW VIOLET, DOWNY YELLOW VIOLET [V. eriocarpa Schwein.; var. leiocarpa Fern.; V. pensylvanica Michx.; var. leiocarpa (Fern. & Wieg.) Fern.; V. pubescens var. eriocarpa (Schwein.) Russell; var. leiocarpa (Fern. & Wieg.) Seym.; var. peckii House] ^*'>Viola rafinesquii Greene FIELD PANSY, WILD PANSY [V. kitaibeliana var. rafinesquii (Greene) Fern.] Note: the native status of this species has been challenged by authors who consider it to represent introduced, European Viola kitaibeliana Schultes ex Roemer & Schultes. Viola renifolia A. Gray NORTHERN WHITE VIOLET, KIDNEY-LEAF VIOLET [V. brainerdii Greene; V. renifolia var. brainerdii (Greene) Fern.] Viola rostrata Pursh LONG-SPURRED VIOLET Viola rotundifolia Michx. ROUND-LEAF VIOLET, early yellow violet Viola sagittata Ait. ARROW-LEAF VIOLET, NORTHERN DOWNY VIOLET, FRINGED VIOLET, ARROWHEAD VIOLET [V. X abandons House; V. x cestrica House; V. emarginata (Nutt.) LeConte; V. x erratica House; V. fimbriatula Sm.] Viola sagittata x septentrionalis = F. x parca House VIOLET Viola sagittata x sororia = F. x conjugens Greene VIOLET (F. X aberrans Greene ex Stone; V. x fernaldii House; V. x greenei House; V. x greenmanii House) Viola selkirkii Pursh ex Goldie GREAT SPURRED VIOLET, SELKIRK VIOLET 84 Viola septentrionalis Greene NORTHERN BLUE VIOLET Viola septentrionalis x sororia = K x montivaga House VIOLET Viola sororia Willd. COMMON VIOLET, WOOLLY VIOLET, HOODED VIOLET (CONFEDERATE VIOLET) [V. cucullata of authors in part, not Ait.; V. domestica Pollard; V. macounii Greene; V. obliqua Hill in part; V. papilionacea Pursh; V. priceana Pollard] Viola striata Ait. CREAM VIOLET, PALE VIOLET, STRIPED VIOLET {V. ochroleuca Schwein.; V. lewisiana DC.) Note: This species is native in western New York, but its eastern occurrences are escapes from cultivation. *Viola tricolor L. JOHNNY JUMP-UP, WILD PANSY, FIELD PANSY, MINIATURE PANSY, PANSY-VIOLET {V. curtissii Forst.; V. macedonica Boiss. & Heldr.; V. tricolor var. hortensis DC.) * Viola tricolor (hybrid complex) = F. x wittrockiana Gams PANSY, HEART’S-EASE, LADIES’-DELIGHT, GARDEN-PANSY, GARDEN-DELIGHT CUCURBITACEAE (GOURD FAMILY) Citrullus Schrad. ex Eckl. & Zeyh. Synonyms: Angaria Mill.; Cucurbita L. in part *Citrullus cobcynthis (L.) Schrad. ex Eckl. & Zeyh. WATERMELON [Angaria citrullas (L.) Mill; C. vulgaris Schrad.] Cucumis L. 4 *Cucumis angaria L. west INDIAN GHERKIN, BUR-GHERKIN, GOOSEBERRY GOURD, BUR-CUCUMBER 4 *Cucumis melo L. MELON, cantaloupe, honeydew melon *Cucumis sativus L. GARDEN CUCUMBER 85 Cucurbita L. Synonym: Pepo Mill, in part 4 *Cucurbita maxima Dene. AUTUMN and winter squash [Pepo maximus (Dene.) Peterm.j *Cucurbita pepo L. PUMPKIN, acorn and summer squash [C. moschata (Dene, ex Lam.) Dene, ex Poir.; Pepo moschatus (Dene, ex Lam.) Britt.; P. pepo (L.) Britt, ex Small; P. vulgaris (L.) Moeneh] Ecballium Rich. Synonym: Momordica L. in part 4 *Ecballium elaterium (L.) Rich, squirting CUCUMBER {Momordica elaterium L.) Echinocystis Torrey & A. Gray Synonyms: Micrampelis Raf.; Sicyos L. in part Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) Torrey & A. Gray PRICKLY CUCUMBER, WILD CUCUMBER, WILD BALSAM-APPLE [Micrampelis lobata (Miehx.) Greene; Sicyos lobata Miehx.] Lagenaria Ser. Synonyms: Cucurbita L. in part; Pepo Mill, in part 4 *Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standi. CALABASH, WHITE- FLOWERED GOURD [Cucurbita lagenaria L.; L. leucantha (Dene.) Rusby; L. vulgaris Ser.] Sicyos L. Sicyos angulatus L. BUR CUCUMBER, star cucumber Thladiantha Bunge *Thladiantha dubia Bunge THLADIANTHA, GOURD 86 Order: Salicales SALICACEAE (WILLOW FAMILY) Populus L. *Populus alba L. white poplar, silver-leaf poplar {P. major Mill.; P. nivea Willd.) *Populus alba x tremula = P. x canescens (Ait.) Sm. GRAY POPLAR, SILVERLEAF POPLAR (P. canescens x tremula = P. x hybrida Bieb.) Populus balsamifera L. BALSAM POPLAR, TACAMAHAC, HACKMATACK (P. balsamifera var. lanceolata Marsh.; var. subcordata Hyland; P. carolinensis Moench; P. tacamhaca Mill.) *Populus balsamifera x deltoides = P. x jackii Sarg. BALM-OF-GILEAD (P. candicans of authors, not Ait.; P. x gileadensis Roul.) Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. COTTONWOOD, POPLAR *Populus deltoides x nigra = P. x canadensis Moench CAROLINA poplar (P. X eugenii Simon-Lewis) Populus grandidentata Michx. BIG-TOOTHED ASPEN, LARGE-TOOTHED ASPEN (P. trepida Willd.) Populus grandidentata x tremuloides = P. x smithii Boivin ASPEN Populus heterophylla L. SWAMP COTTONWOOD, BLACK COTTONWOOD Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI *Populus nigra L. BLACK POPLAR (LOMBARDY POPLAR) [P. dilatata Ait.; P. italica (DuRoi) Moench; P. nigra var. italica DuRoi; P. pyramidata Moench] Populus tremuloides Michx. QUAKING ASPEN, TREMBLING ASPEN [P. tremula L. ssp. tremuloides (Michx.) A. & D. Love] Salix L. *Salix alba L. WHITE WILLOW [S. alba var. vitellina (L.) Koch; S. x hankensonii of NY reports, not Dode; S. vitellina L.] 87 *Salix alba x fragilis = 5. x rubens Schrank WILLOW Salix amygdaloides Anderss. PEACH-LEAF willow *Salix atrocinerea Brot. ASHY WILLOW (5. bebbiana of NY reports in part, not Sarg.) *Salix babylonica L. WEEPING WILLOW *Salix babylonica x fragilis = S. x blanda Anderss. WEEPING CRACK- WILLOW Salix bebbiana Sarg. BEAKED WILLOW, livid willow [5. depressa L. var. rostrata (Anderss.) Hiit.; 5. rostrata Richards., not Thuill.] Salix Candida Flugge ex Willd. HOARY WILLOW, SAGE WILLOW [S. Candida var. denudata Anderss.; 5. pellita of NY reports, not (Anderss.) Schneid.] *Salix caprea L. GOAT willow *Salix Cinerea L. GRAY FLORIST’S WILLOW, GRAY PUSSY-WILLOW Salix cordata Michx. SAND-DUNE WILLOW, heartleaf willow, furry WILLOW (5. syrticola Fern.) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Salix discolor Muhi. PUSSY-WILLOW, GLAUCOUS WILLOW [5. discolor x humilis of NY report; 5. discolor x rigida of NY report; S. squamata Rydb.] Salix eriocephala Michx. STIFF WILLOW, diamond willow, HEARTLEAF WILLOW (5. cordata Muhl., not Michx.; 5. discolor x rigida of NY reports; 5. nigra x petiolaris of NY reports; S. nigra x rigida of NY reports; S. rigida Muhl.; S. myricoides of NY reports, not Muhl.) Salix eriocephala x sericea WILLOW (5. rigida x sericea', S. cordata x sericea of NY reports) Salix exigua Nutt. SANDBAR WILLOW [5. angustissima Anderss.; 5. exigua ssp. interior (Rowlee) Cronq.; S. interior Rowlee; S. longifolia Muhl.; S. linearifolia Rydb.] 88 *Salix fragilis L. CRACK-WILLOW, BRITTLE WILLOW =1!= Salix herbacea L. DWARF WILLOW, HERB-WILLOW Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G5 SX Salix humilis Marsh. PRAIRIE WILLOW, GRAY willow var. humilis GRAY WILLOW, PUSSY-WILLOW, UPLAND WILLOW [5. humilis var. hypohysa Fern.; var. keweenawensis Farw.; var. rigidiuscula (Anderss.) B. Robinson & Fern.] var, tristis (Ait.) Griggs DWARF UPLAND willow, dune willow, DWARF GRAY WILLOW, SAGE WILLOW [S. humilis var. microphylla (Anderss.) Fern.; S. occidentalis Walt.; S. tristis Ait.] Salix lucida Muhl. SHINING willow, glossy willow (5. X jesupii of NY reports, not Fern.; S. lucida var. angustifolia Anderss.; var. intonsa Fern.) *Salix matsudana Koidz. DRAGON-CLAW willow, CORKSCREW WILLOW Salix nigra Marsh. BLACK WILLOW, SWAMP WILLOW Salix pedicellaris Pursh BOG WILLOW [5. myrtilloides ssp. pedicellaris (Pursh) Anderss.; S. pedicellaris var. hypoglauca Fern.] *Salix pentandra L. BAY-LEAF WILLOW Salix petiolaris Sm. SLENDER WILLOW, MEADOW WILLOW (5. bebbiana x petiolaris of NY reports; 5. gracilis Anderss.) Salix petiolaris x sericea willow [5. subsericea (Anderss.) Schneid., not Roell.] *Salix purpurea L. PURPLE WILLOW, BASKET WILLOW Salix pyrifolia Anderss. BALSAM WILLOW (5. balsamifera Barratt ex Hooker; S. cordata var. balsamifera Hooker) Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 Salix sericea Marsh. SILKY WILLOW [5. coactilis Fern.; 5. grisea Willd.; 5. petiolaris var. grisea (Willd.) Torrey] 89 Salix serissima (Bailey) Fern. AUTUMN WILLOW Salix uva-ursi Pursh BEARBERRY WILLOW (5. cutleri Tuckerm.) Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 4 *Salix viminalis L. SILKY OSIER (REPORT ONLY) Order: Capparales CAPPARIDACEAE (CAPER FAMILY) Cleome L. Synonym: Pedicellaria Schrank I *Cleome gynandra L. SPIDER WISP [C pentaphylla L.; Pedicellaria pentaphylla (L.) Schrank] *Cleome hassleriana Chodat SPIDER-FLOWER (C. spinosa of NY reports, not Jacq. or L.) 4 *Cleome serrulata Pursh ROCKY MOUNTAIN BEE-PLANT, STINKING-CLOVER, PINK CLEOME [C. integrifolia (Nutt.) Torrey & A. Gray] Polanisia Raf. Synonym: Jacksonia Raf. *Polanisia dodecandra (L.) DC. CLAMMYWEED [Jacksonia trifoliata Raf.; P. graveolens Raf.; P. dodecandra ssp. trachysperma of NY reports, not (Torrey & A. Gray) litis; P. trachysperma of NY reports, not Torrey & A. Gray] BRASSICACEAE (MUSTARD FAMILY) Alliaria Heist, ex Fabr. *Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cav. & Grande GARLIC MUSTARD, HEDGE-GARLIC [A. alliaria (L.) Britt.; A. officinalis Andrz. ex Bieb.; Erysimum alliaria L.] 90 Alyssum L. Synonym: Clypeola L. in part *Alyssum alyssoides (L.) L. ALYSSUM {Clypeola allyssoides L.) Arabidopsis Heynh. Synonyms: Arabis L. in part; Sisymbrium L. in part * Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. MOUSE-EAR CRESS, THALE-CRESS [Arabis thaliana L.; Arabidiopsis thaliana (L.) Britt, ex Britt. & Brown; Sisymbrium thalianum (L.) Gay & Monn.] Arabis L. Arabis canadensis L. SICKLEPOD, ROCK-CRESS {A. falcata Michx.) *Arabis caucasica Schlect. ex Willd. WALL ROCK-CRESS, ARROWLEAF ROCK CRESS [A. albida Steven ex Bieb.; A. alpina L. in part; A. billardieri DC.] Arabis drummondii A. Gray rock-CRESS Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G5 S3? Arabis drummondii x holboellii = A. x divaricarpa A. Nels. PURPLE ROCK- CRESS [A. brachycarpa (Torrey & A. Gray) Britt.] Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh. TOWER-MUSTARD, tower-CRESS Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop. HAIRY ROCK CRESS var. pycnocarpa (Hopk.) Rollins [A. hirsuta ssp. pycnocarpa (Hopk.) Hultdn; A. pycnocarpa Hopk.] Arabis laevigata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Poir. ex Lam. SMOOTH ROCK CRESS Arabis lyrata L. LYRE-LEAF ROCK-CRESS {A. lyrata var. kamschatica Fisch. ex DC.) Arabis missouriensis Greene GREEN ROCK-CRESS (A. viridis Harger) Rarity Status: State: T TNG Rank: G5 S2 91 Arabis shortii (Fern.) Gleason TOOTHED ROCK-CRESS [A. perstellata var. shortii Fern.; A. dentata (Torrey) Torrey & A. Gray] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SH Armoracia Gaertn., Meyer & Scherb. Synonyms: Nasturtium R. Br. ex Ait. in part; Neobeckia Greene Armoracia lacustris (A. Gray) Al-Shehbaz & V. Bates LAKE CRESS, RIVER- CRESS [A. aquatica (Eaton) Wieg.; Nasturtium lacustre A. Gray; Neobeckia aquatica (Eaton) Greene] Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G4? S2 *Armoracia rusticana (Lam.) Gaertn., Meyer & Scherb. HORSE RADISH [A. armoracia (L.) Cockerell; A. lapathifolia Gilib.] Aurinia Desv. Synonym: Alyssum L. in part * Aurinia petraea (Ard.) Schur ROCK ALYSSUM {Alyssum edentulum Waldst. & Kit.; A. petraeum Ard.) *Aurinia saxatilis (L.) Desv. BASKET OF GOLD, GOLDEN-TUFT {Alyssum arduinii Fritsch; A. orientale Ard.; A. saxatile L.) Barbarea R. Br. ex Ait. Synonyms: Campe Dulac; Erysimum L. in part *Barharea verna (Mill.) Aschers. EARLY WINTERCRESS, WINTER BELLE- ISLE, LAND-CRESS [Erysimum vernum Mill; Campe verna (Mill.) Heller] *Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. ex Ait. CRESS, YELLOW ROCKET, WINTER-CRESS, CREESY-GREENS [B. stricta Andrz. ex Bess.; B. taurica DC.; B. vulgaris var. arcuata (Opiz & Presl) Fries; var. stricta A. Gray; Campe barbarea (L.) Wight; var. hirsuta (Weihe.) House; Campe stricta (Andrz. ex Bess.) Wight; Erysimum barbarea L.] 92 Berteroa DC. Synonym: Alyssum L. in part *Berteroa incana (L.) DC. HOARY ALYSSUM [Alyssum incanum L.; B. obliqua of NY reports, not (Sibth. & Sm.) DC; B. mutabilis of NY reports, not (Vent.) DC.] Brassica L. Synonym: Sinapis L. in part *Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. BROWN MUSTARD, INDIAN MUSTARD, CHINESE MUSTARD, CURLY MUSTARD (B. japonica Thunb.; Sinapis juncea L.) *Brassica napus L. turnip (GREENS), rutabaga, SWEDISH turnip [B. napobrassica (L.) Mill.; B. rapa sensu House (1924) and other authors, not L.] *Brassica nigra (L.) Koch BLACK MUSTARD *Brassica okracea L. CABBAGE, KALE, BROCCOLI, CAULIFLOWER [B. sylvestris (L.) Mill.] *Brassica rapa L. FIELD mustard {B. campestris L.; B. rapa ssp. oleifera DC.) Bunias L. *Bunias orientalis L. TURKISH ROCKET, HILL-MUSTARD Cakile Mill. Synonym: Bunias L. in part Cakik edentula (Bigel.) Hooker SHORE-ROCKET, SEA-ROCKET {Bunias edentula Bigel.; C. americana Nutt.) var. edentula var. lacustris Fern. [C. edentula ssp. lacustris (Fern.) Hultdn] *Cakik maritima Scop. SEA-ROCKET 93 Camelina Crantz *Camelina microcarpa Andrz. ex DC. FALSE FLAX *Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz DUTCH OR false flax, gold-OF-PLEASURE Capsella Medik. Synonyms: Bursa (Siegesb.) Weber ex Wigg.; Thlaspi L. in part *Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. SHEPHERD’S-PURSE, SHEPHERD’S- POUCH, PICK POCKET [Bursa bursa-pastoris (L.) Britt.; Thlaspi bursa-pastoris L.] Cardamine L. Synonyms: Arabis L. in part; Dentaria L. Cardamine bulbosa (Schreb. ex Muhl.) BSP. SPRING CRESS [Arabis bulbosa Schreb. ex Muhl.; A. rhomboidea Pers.; C. rhomboidea (Pers.) DC.] Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) Schwein. CUT-LEAF TOOTHWORT, PEPPER-ROOT {Dentaria concatenata Michx.; D. laciniata Muhl. ex Willd.) Cardamine concatenata x diphylla = C. x maxima (Nutt.) Wood LARGE TOOTHWORT {Dentaria x incisa K. Schum.; D. diphylla x laciniata-, D. diphylla x maxima-, D. x incisifolia Eames; D. laciniata x maxima Nutt.; D. maxima Nutt.) Cardamine diphylla (Michx.) Wood TWO-LEAF TOOTHWORT, PEPPERWORT {Dentaria diphylla Michx.) Cardamine douglassii Britt. PURPLE CRESS Note: The authority for this species is sometimes cited as: Torrey, in Torrey & A. Gray (1838); however, Arabis douglassii was listed by Torrey as a synonym only. *Cardamine flexuosa With. ROCK-CRESS *Cardamine hirsuta L. HAIRY ROCK-CRESS, HOARY BITTER-CRESS *Cardamine impatiens L. BUSHY ROCK-CRESS 94 Cardamine bngii Fern. LONG’S BITTERCRESS, SALTMARSH BITTERCRESS Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G3G4 S2 4 *Cardamine oligosperma Nutt. BITTERCRESS (REPORT ONLY) Cardamine parviflora L. SMALL-FLOWERED BITTER-CRESS var. arenicola (Britt.) Schulz (C. arenicola Britt.; C. flexuosa of some NY reports, not With.; C. parviflora var. parviflora of NY reports; C. virginica Michx.) Cardamine pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd. PENNSYLVANIA BITTERCRESS (C. flexuosa of some NY reports, not With.; C. hirsuta sensu Torrey’s NY Flora, not L.; C. pensylvanica var. brittoniana Farw.) Cardamine pratensis L. CUCKOO-FLOWER, LADY’S-SMOCK [C. palustris Peterm. ex Rabenh.; C. pratensis ssp. palustris (Wimm. & Grabn.) Clausen; var. palustris Wimm. & Grabn.j Cardamine rotundifolia Michx. mountain WATERCRESS, roundleaf WATERCRESS Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4 SI Cardaria Desv. Synonym: Lepidium L. in part *Cardaria draba (L.) Desv. HOARY CRESS {Lepidium draba L.) Coincya Rouy Synonym: Hutera Porta *Coincya monensis (L.) Greuter & Burdet CRESS, HUTERA var. recurvata (All.) Leadley [C. cheiranthos (Vill.) Greuter & Burdet; Hutera cheiranthos (Vill.) Gomez-Campo] Conringia Heist, ex Adans. *Conringia orientalis (L.) Dumort. HARE’S-EAR, TREACLE-MUSTARD 95 Coronopus Zinn Synonym: Carara Medik. *Coronopus didymus (L.) Sm. WART-CRESS, WART-GRASS [Carara didyma (L.) Britt.] *Coronopus squamatus (Forsk.) Aschers. swine-CRESS, wart-CRESS [Carara coronopus (L.) Medik.; C. procumhens Gilib.] Descurainia Webb & Berth. Synonyms: Sisymbrium L. in part; Sophia Adans. Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britt. TANSY-MUSTARD ssp. brachycarpa (Rich, ex Frankl.) Detl. NORTHERN TANSY- MUSTARD [D. pinnata var. brachycarpa (Rich.) Fern.; Sophia brachycarpa (Rich, ex Frankl.) Rydb. ex Britt.; Sisymbrium brachycarpon Rich, ex Frankl.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5TU SI *ssp. pinnata SOUTHERN tansy-MUSTARD ^Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Berth. HERB SOPHIA, FLIXWEED [Sisymbrium sophia L.; S. par\nflorum Lam.; Sophia sophia (L.) Britt, ex Britt. & Brown; 5. multifida Gilib.] Diplotaxis DC. Synonym: Sisymbrium L. in part =11= *Diplotaxis erucoides (L.) DC. HARE’S-EAR MUSTARD (Sisymbrium erucoides L.) *Dipbtaxis muralis (L.) DC. WALL-ROCKET, sand-ROCKET (Sisymbrium miirale L.) *Dipbtaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC. WALL-ROCKET (Sisymbrium tenuifolium L.) 96 Draba L. Synonym: Erophila DC. Draba arabisans Michx. ROCK-CRESS, whitlow-grass Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G4 S2 Draba glabella Pursh ROCK CRESS {D. laurentiana Fern.) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4G5 SI Draba reptans (Lam.) Fern. WHITLOW GRASS (D. caroliniana Walt.) Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 *Draba verna L. WHiTLOW-GRASS [Erophila verna (L.) Bess.] Eruca Mill. Synonym: Brassica L. in part 4 *Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. GARDEN-ROCKET, ROCKET-SALAD ssp. saliva (Mill.) Thell, [Brassica eruca L.; E. eruca (L.) Britt, ex Britt. & Brown; E. saliva Mill.] Erucastrum C. Presl Synonym: Sisymbrium L. in part *Erucaslrum gallicum (Willd.) Schulz FRENCH ROCKET (E. pollichii Schimp. & Spinn.; Sisymbrium erucastrum Poll. 5. gallicum Willd.) Erysimum L. Synonym: Cheirinia Link *Erysimum asperum (Nutt.) DC. WESTERN WALL FLOWER, PRAIRIE ROCKET [Cheiranthus aspera Nutt.; Cheirinia aspera (Nutt.) Rydb.] *Erysimum capilalum (Dougl. ex Hooker) Greene WESTERN WALL¬ FLOWER 97 *Erysimum cheiranthoides L. WORMSEED-MUSTARD, TREACLE-MUSTARD [Cheirinia cheiranthoides (L.) Link] I *Erysimum hieracifolium L. tall rocket, tall wormseed *Erysimum inconspicuum (S. Wats.) MacM. prairie ROCICET [Cheirinia inconspicua (S. Wats.) Britt, ex Britt. & Brown] *Erysimum perofskianum Fisch. & Meyer ROCKET *Erysimum repandum L. TREACLE-MUSTARD [Cheirinia repanda (L.) Link] Hesperis L. *Hesperis matronalis L. DAME’S-ROCKET, MOTHER-OF-THE-EVENING [H. matronalis ssp. cladotricha (Borb^s) Hayek] Iberis L. 4 ^Iberis pruitii Tineo CANDYTUFT (/. jordanii Boiss.; /. lagascana DC.; I. tenoreana DC.) *Iberis sempervirens L. EDGING CANDYTUFT *Iberis umbellata L. GLOBE CANDYTUFT Isatis L. 4 *Isatis tinctoria L. DYER'S WOAD Lepidium L. Synonym: Thlaspi L. in part *Lepidium campestre (L.) R. Br. ex Ait. COW-CRESS, FIELD CRESS {Thlaspi campestre L.) *Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. BIRD’S PEPPERGRASS, WILD PEPPERGRASS, PRAIRIE PEPPERWEED (L. neglectum Thell.) *Lepidium heterophyllum (DC.) Benth. FIELD-CRESS *Lepidium latifolium L. BROADLEAF OR tall PEPPERGRASS 98 4 *Lepidium nitidum Nutt. PEPPERGRASS *Lepidium ramosissimum Nels. bushy PEPPERGRASS *Lepidium ruderale L. STINKING PEPPERGRASS, ROADSIDE PEPPERGRASS *Lepidium sativum L. GARDEN PEPPERGRASS, GOLDEN PEPPERGRASS Lepidium virginicum L. WILD PEPPERGRASS, POOR-MAN’S-PEPPER Lobularia Desv. Synonyms: Clypeola L. in part; Koniga Adans. *Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv. SWEET ALYSSUM, SEASIDE ALYSSUM [Clypeola maritima L.; Koniga maritima (L.) R. Br. ex Denh. & Clapp] Lunaria L. *Lunaria annua L. MONEY-PLANT, HONESTY, SATIN-FLOWER Neslia Desv. *Neslia paniculata (L.) Desv. BALL-MUSTARD Raphanus L. *Raphanus raphanistrum L. wild radish, jointed charlock, WHITE CHARLOCK, RAPE *Raphanus sativus L. GARDEN RADISH Rapistrum Crantz 4 *Rapistrum rugosum (L.) All. WILD RAPE Rorippa Scop. Synonyms: Nasturtium R. Br. ex Ait. in part; Radicula Hill in part; Sisymbrium L. in part *Rorippa austriaca (Crantz) Besser AUSTRIAN YELLOW CRESS [Radicula austriaca (Crantz) Small] 4 *Rorippa indica (L.) Hiern INDIAN YELLOW-CRESS 99 *Rorippa microphylUi (Bonn, ex Reichenb.) Hylander SMALL-LEAF WATERCRESS [Nasturtium microphyllum Bonn ex Reichenb., N. officinale var. microphyllum (Bonn, ex Reichenb.) Thell.] *Rorippa microphylla x nasturtium-aquaticum WATERCRESS *Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek watercress [Nasturtium officinale R. Br. ex Ait.; Sisymbrium nasturtium-aquaticum L-] Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser MARSH WATERCRESS, YELLOW watercress ssp, fernaldiana (Butters & Abbe) Jonsell [R. islandica var. fernaldiana Butters & Abbe] ssp. hispida (Desv.) Jonsell [Radicula hispida (Desv.) Britt.; Rorippa islandica var. hispida (Desv.) Butters & Abbe] *ssp. palustris [Radicula palustris (L.) Moench; Rorippa islandica (Oed.) Borbds var. islandica] *Rorippa sylvestris (L.) Besser CREEPING YELLOW-CRESS [Radicula sylvestris (L.) Druce] Sinapis L. Synonym: Brassica L. in part *Sinapis alba L. WHITE MUSTARD [Brassica alba (L.) Rabenh.; B. hirta Moench] *Sinapis arvensis L. CHARLOCK, WILD MUSTARD [Brassica arvensis (L.) Rabenh.; var. schkuhriana (Reichenb.) Wheeler; B. kaber (DC.) Wheeler; var. pinnatifida (Stokes) Wheeler; S. schkuhriana Reichenb.] Sisymbrium L. Synonym: Norta Adans. *Sisymbrium altissimum L. TUMBLE-MUSTARD [Norta altissima (L.) Britt, ex Britt. & Brown] 100 4 * Sisymbrium irio L. london-ROCKET [Norta irio (L.) Britt.] 4 *Sisymbrium loeselii L. TALL HEDGE-MUSTARD *Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. hedge-MUSTARD {Erysimum officinale L.; S. officinale var. leiocarpum DC.) 4 *Sisymbrium orientale (L.) L. SISYMBRIUM {Erysimum orientale L.) Subularia L. Subularia aquatica L. AWLWORT var. americana (Mulligan & Calder) Boivin {S. aquatica ssp. americana Mulligan & Calder) Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5T5 S1S2 Teesdalia R. Br. *Teesdalia nudicaulis (L.) R. Br. ex Ait. shepherd-CRESS Thlaspi L. *Thlaspi arvense L. FIELD PENNYCRESS, FANWEED, FRENCH-WEED, MITHRIDATE MUSTARD, STINKWEED * Thlaspi perfoliatum L. PENNYCRESS RESEDACEAE (MIGNONETTE FAMILY) Reseda L. *Reseda alba L. WHITE MIGNONETTE *Reseda lutea L. YELLOW MIGNONETTE, SCRAMBLING ROCKET *Reseda luteola L. DYER’S-ROCKET *Reseda odorata L. GARDEN MIGNONETTE 4 *Reseda phyteuma L. MIGNONETTE (REPORT ONLY) 101 CLETHRACEAE (WHITE ALDER FAMILY) Clethra L. Clethra alnifolia L. WHITE ALDER, SUMMER-SWEET, SWEET PEPPER-BUSH Order: Ericales ERICACEAE (HEATH FAMILY) Andromeda L. Andromeda glaucophylla Link BOG ROSEMARY, WILD ROSEMARY, MOORWORT [A. canescens Small; A. polifolia ssp. glaucophylla (Link) Hult6n; var. angustifolia Ait.; var. glaucophylla (Link) DC.; var. latifolia Ait.; A. rosmarinifolia Pursh, not Gilib.] Arctostaphylos L. Synonym: Uva ursi Mill. Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. BEARBERRY, SANDBERRY, HOG-CRANBERRY, MEALBERRY, KINNIKINNIK, MOUNTAIN BOX [Arbutus uva-ursi L.; Arctostaphylos uva-ursi var. coactilis Fern. & MacBr.; Uva ursi uva-ursi (L.) Britt, ex Britt. & Brown] Calluna Salisb. *Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull HEATHER, SCOTCH HEATHER Chamaedaphne Moench Synonyms: Andromeda L. in part; Cassandra D. Don Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench LEATHERLEAF, CASSANDRA [Andromeda calyculata L.; Cassandra calyculata (L.) D. Don.; Chamaadaphne calyculata var. angustifolia (Ait.) Rebel.] Chimaphila Pursh Chimaphila maculata (L.) Pursh spotted WINTERGREEN 102 Chimaphila umbellata (L.) Bart, pipsissewa, prince s PINE ssp. cisatlantica (Blake) Hult6n (C. umbellata var. cisatlantica Blake) Corema D. Don Corema conradii (Torrey) Torrey ex Loud, broom crowberry Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G4 SI Empetrum L. Empetrum eamesii Fern. & Wieg. PURPLE CROWBERRY, RED CROWBERRY ssp. atropurpureum (Fern. & Wieg.) D. Love [E. nibrum Vahl ssp. eamesii (Fern. & Wieg.) R. Good var. atropurpureum (Fern. & Wieg.) R. Good] Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G5?TU SI Empetrum nigrum L. BLACK CROWBERRY, CURLEW-BERRY ssp. hermaphroditum (Lange ex Hagerup) Bocher Rarity Status: State: T TNG Rank: G5T5 S3 Epigaea L. Epigaea repens L. TRAILING ARBUTUS, MAYFLOWER, GROUND-LAUREL (E. repens var. glabrifolia Fern.) Gaultheria L. Synonym: Chiogenes Salisb. Gaultheria hispidula (L.) Muhl. ex Bigel. CREEPING SNOW BERRY, MOXIE- PLUM, MAIDENHAIR-BERRY [Chiogenes hispidula (L.) Torrey & A. Gray] Gaultheria procumbens L. WINTERGREEN, CHECKER-BERRY, TEABERRY, MOUNTAIN-TEA, IVORY-LEAF Gaylussacia Kunth Synonyms: Andromeda L. in part; Vaccinium L. in part Gaylussacia baccata (Wang.) Koch BLACK HUCKLEBERRY, HIGHBUSH HUCKLEBERRY [Andromeda baccata Wang.; G. resinosa (Ait.) Torrey & A. Gray ex Torrey] 103 Gaylussacia dumosa (Andr.) Torrey & A. Gray DWARF HUCKLEBERRY, LOWBUSH HUCKLEBERRY, GOPHERBERRY (G. dumosa var. bigeloviana Fern.; Vaccinium dumosum Andr.) Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G5 SI Gaylussacia frondosa (L.) Torrey & A. Gray ex Torrey DANGLEBERRY, DWARF HUCKLEBERRY, BLUE TANGLE {Vaccinium frondosum L.) Harrimanella Coville Synonym: Cassiope D. Don in part 4 Harrimanella hypnoides (L.) Coville moss-HEATHER, moss HEATH [Cassiope hypnoides (L.) D. Don] Rarity Status: State: U TNG Rank: G5 SX Note: The occurrence of this species in New York has been questioned; however, it is well-documented both by excellent voucher specimens and correspondence. Kalmia L. Kalmia angustifolia L. SHEEP LAUREL, lambkill, dwarf laurel, wicky, SHEEPKILL, PIGKILL Kalmia latifolia L. MOUNTAIN LAUREL, CALICO-BUSH, SPOONWOOD, IVY BUSH Kalmia polifolia Wang. BOG LAUREL, SWAMP LAUREL, PALE LAUREL Leucothoe D. Don Synonyms: Andromeda L. in part; Euhotrys Nutt. 4 *Leucothoe fontenesiana (Steud.) Sleumer dog-HOBBLE, switch-IVY, DROOPING FETTER-BUSH [L. catesbei of authors, not (Walt.) A. Gray; L. editonim Fern.] Leucothoe racemosa (L.) A. Gray SWEETBELLS, FETTERBUSH, DOG-HOBBLE [Andromeda racemosa L.; Eubotrys racemosa (L.) Nutt.] ^Leucothoe recurva (Buckl.) A. Gray FETTERBUSH [Eubotrys recurva (Buckl.) Britt.] 104 Loiseleuria Desv. Loiseleuria procumbens (L.) Desv. ALPINE AZALEA Note: A study yet to be published places this species under Kalrnia. [Vaccinium vitis-idaea of NY reports, not L.; Vitis-idaea vitis-idaea of NY reports, not (L.) Britt.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Lyonia Nutt. Synonyms: Andromeda L. in part; Neopieris Britt, ex Britt. & Brown; Xolisma Raf. Lyonia ligustrina (L.) DC. MALEBERRY, HE-HUCKLEBERRY, MALE BLUEBERRY [Xolisma ligustrina {L.) Britt.] Lyonia mariana (L.) D. Don STAGGERBUSH [Andromeda mariana hr, Neopieris mariana (L.) Britt, ex Britt. & Brown; Xolisma mariana (L.) Rehd.] Moneses Salisb. ex S. Gray Synonym: Pyrola L. in part Moneses unijlora (L.) A. Gray one-FLOWERED wintergreen {Pyrola uniflora L.) Monotropa L. Synonym: Hypopitys Hill Monotropa hypopithys L. PINESAP, FALSE BEECHDROPS [Hypopitys americana (DC.) Small; H. lanuginosa (Michx.) Raf., not Nutt.; H. multiflora var. americana DC.;M. hypopity s Michx., noi L.; M. lanuginosa Michx.] Monotropa uniflora L. INDIAN-PIPE, CONVULSION-ROOT (M. brittonii Small) Orthilia Raf. Synonym: Pyrola L. in part Orthilia secunda (L.) House ONE-SIDED WINTERGREEN [O. secunda ssp. obtusata (Turcz.) Bocher; var. obtusata (Turcz.) House; Pyrola secunda L.;var. obtusata Turcz.] 105 Oxydendrum DC. *Oxydendrum arboreum (L.) DC. SOURWOOD, SORREL-TREE Pterospora Nutt. Synonym: Monotropa L. in part Pterospora andromedea Nutt. PINE-DROPS, GIANT BIRD’S-NEST, ALBANY BEECH DROPS {Monotropa procera Torrey ex Eaton; P. andromeda of authors) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Pyrola L. Pyrola americana Sweet WILD LILY-OF-THE- VALLEY, ROUND-LEAF WINTERGREEN [P. rotimdifolia ssp. americana (Sweet) Clausen; var. americana (Sweet) Fern.] Pyrola asarifolia Michx. PINK WINTERGREEN, PINK PYROLA [P. asarifolia var. purpurea (Bunge) Fern.; P. uliginosa Torrey & A. Gray] Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5T4 S1S2 Pyrola chlorantha Sw. GREEN SHINLEAF, WINTER-GREEN, PYROLA [P. oxypetala Austin ex A. Gray (with peloric flowers); P. virens Schweig. ex Schweig. & Koerte] Pyrola elliptica Nutt. SHINLEAF, WILD LILY-OF-THE-V ALLEY Pyrola minor L. MOUNTAIN PYROLA, SHINLEAF Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SH Rhododendron L. Synonyms: Azalea L.; Ledum L.; Rhodora L. 4 Rhododendron arborescens (Pursh) Torrey SMOOTH AZALEA (REPORT ONLY) Rhododendron calendulaceum (Michx.) Torrey FLAME AZALEA {Azalea calendulacea Michx.; A. lutea L. of authors; R. luteum Schneid., not Sweet) 106 Rhododendron canadense (L.) Torrey RHODORA (Rhodora canadense L.) Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 Rhododendron groenlandicum (Oeder) Kron & Judd LABRADOR TEA [Ledum decumbens of early NY reports, not (Ait.) Lodd.; L. groenlandicum Oeder; L. palustre ssp. groenlandicum (Oeder) Hultdn] Rhododendron lapponicum (L.) Wahl. LAPLAND ROSEBAY {Azalea lapponica L.) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Rhododendron maximum L. GREAT LAUREL, ROSEBAY, white laurel Rhododendron periclymenoides (Michx.) Shinners PINKSTER-FLOWER, PINKSTER-BLOOM, PURPLE HONEYSUCKLE, ELECTION-PINK [Azalea nudiflora L.; A. periclymenoides Michx.; R. nudiflorum (L.) Torrey] Rhododendron prinophyllum (Small) Millais EARLY AZALEA, MOUNTAIN AZALEA, ROSE-HONEYSUCKLE, ELECTION-PINK [Azalea prinophylla Small; R. roseum (Loisel. ex Duhamel) Rehd.j Rhododendron viscosum (L.) Torrey SWAMP AZALEA, SWAMP HONEYSUCKLE, CLAMMY RHODODENDRON, CLAMMY AZALEA [Azalea glauca Lam.; A. nitida Pursh; A. viscosa L.; var. glauca (Lam.) Michx.; var. nitida (Pursh) Britton] Vaccinium L. Synonyms: Oxycoccus Hill; Polycodium Raf. Vaccinium angustifolium Ait. LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY, LOW SWEET BLUEBERRY, LATE SWEET BLUEBERRY, SWEET-HURTS \V. angustifolium var. hypolasium Fern.; var. laevifolia House; var. nigrum (Wood) Dole; V. brittonii Porter ex Bickn.; V. lamarckii Camp; V. nigrum (Wood) Britt.; V. pensilvanicum Lam.] Vaccinium angustifolium x corymbosum BLUEBERRY Vaccinium boreale Hall & Hald. HIGH-MOUNTAIN BLUEBERRY (V. angustifolium Ait. in part) Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G3 S2 107 Vaccinium cespitosum Michx. DWARF blueberry, dwarf bilberry Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Vaccinium corymbosum L. HIGHBUSII BLUEBERRY, swamp blueberry, whortleberry [V. atlanticum Bickn.; V. atrococcum (A. Gray) Heller; V. caesariense Mackz.; V. corymbosum var. atrococcum A. Gray; var. glabnim A. Gray; V. fuscatum Ait.; V. x marianum S. Wats.; V. simulatum Small; V. vicinum Bickn.; V. virgatum Ait.] Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. cranberry, LARGE CRANBERRY [Oxycoccus macrocarpus (Ait.) Pursh; V. hispidulum Marsh.] Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx. SOUR-TOP BLUEBERRY, VELVET-LEAF BLUEBERRY, CANADA BLUEBERRY [V. angustifolium var. myrtilloides (Michx.) House; V. canadense Kalm ex Richards.] Vaccinium oxycoccos L. SMALL CRANBERRY [Oxycoccus oxycoccus (L.) MacM.; O. quadripetalus Gilib.; V. oxycoccus var. intermedium A. Gray; var. ovalifolium Michx.; V. oxycoccus of authors] Vaccinium pallidum Ait. SUGAR HUCKLEBERRY, LOW BILBERRY, EAI-tLY SWEET BILBERRY, LOW BLUEBERRY, SWEET BLUEBERRY (V. dobbinii Burnh.; V. vacillans Kalm ex Torrey; var. crinitum Fern.) Vaccinium stamineum L. DEERBERRY, SQUAW-HUCKLEBERRY [Polycodium stamineum (L.) Greene; P. candicans (Mohr) Small; V. neglectum (Small) Fern.] Vaccinium uliginosum L. BOG BILBERRY, MOORBERRY [V. gaultherioides Bigel.; V. uliginosum ssp. alpinum (Bigel.) Hulten; var. alpinum Bigel.; ssp. pubescens (Wormsk. ex Hornem.) Young] Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: GST? S3 Order: Diapensiales DIAPENSIACEAE (DIAPENSIA FAMILY) Diapensia L. Diapensia lapponica L. DIAPENSIA Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 108 Galax L. * Galax aphylla L. GALAX Pyxidanthera Michx. Pyxidanthera barbulata Michx. PYXIES, FLOWERING-MOSS Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4 SI Order: Ebenales EBENACEAE (EBONY FAMILY) Diospyros L. Diospyros virginiana L. PERSIMMON Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 STYRACACEAE (STORAX FAMILY) Halesia Ellis ex L. *Halesia tetraptera Ellis SILVER-BELLS, possomwood (H. Carolina of authors, not L.) Styrax L. *Styrax japonicus Sieb, & Zucc. JAPANESE SNOWBELL, STORAX SYMPLOCACEAE (SWEET-LEAF FAMILY) Symplocos Jacq. *Sympbcos tinctoria (L.) L’H6r. SWEET-LEAF, HORSE-SUGAR Order: Primulales PRIMULACEAE (PRIMROSE FAMILY) Anagallis L. Synonym: Centimculus L. *Anagallis arvensis L. SCARLET PIMPERNEL, POOR-MAN’S WEATHERGLASS, SHEPHERD’S-CLOCK 109 4 *Anagallis minima (L.) Krause ex Sturm PIMPERNEL, CHAFFWEED {Centunculus minimus L.) Androsace L. 4 ^Androsace maxima L. ANDROSACE, PUSSY-TOES (A. turczaninowii Freyn) Dodocatheon L. 4 Dodocatheon meadia L. shooting-STAr [D. amythistinum (Fassett) Fassett in part; D. radicatum Greene] Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G5 SX Glaux L. 4 Glaux maritima L. SEA-MlLKWORT (REPORT ONLY) ssp. obtusifolia (Fern.) Boivin (G. maritima var. obtusifolia Fern.) Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G5TU SX Hottonia L. Hottonia inflata Eli. FEATHERFOIL, WATER-VIOLET Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G4 S2 Lysimachia L. Synonyms: Naumbergia Moench; Steironema Raf. Lysimachia ciliata L. FRINGED LOOSESTRIFE [Steironema ciliatum (L.) Raf.] 4 ^Lysimachia clethroides Duby GOOSENECK LOOSESTRIFE Lysimachia hybrida Michx. LOOSESTRIFE [Steironema hybridum (Michx.) Raf.; L. lanceolata of NY reports, not Walt.; L. lanceolata var. hybrida (Michx.) A. Gray] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI *Lysimachia nummularia L. MONEYWORT, CREEPING LOOSESTRIFE, CREEPING-CHARLIE, CREEPING-JENNY ^Lysimachia punctata L. GARDEN LOOSESTRIFE, spotted LOOSESTRIFE no Lysimachia quadriflora Sims FOUR-FLOWERED LOOSESTRIFE [Steironema quadriflorum (Sims) Hitchc.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5? SI Lysimachia quadrifolia L. WHORLED loosestrife Lysimachia quadrifolia x terrestris = L. x producta (A. Gray) Fern. LOOSESTRIFE Lysimachia terrestris (L.) BSP. SWAMP-CANDLES, YELLOW LOOSESTRIFE, SWAMP LOOSESTRIFE [Viscum terrestre L. (flower cluster mistaken for a parasite)] Lysimachia terrestris x thyrsiflora = L. x commixta Fern. LOOSESTRIFE Lysimachia thyrsiflora L. TUFTED LOOSESTRIFE [Naurubergia thyrsiflora (L.) Duby] *Lysimachia vulgaris L. GARDEN LOOSESTRIFE, GOLDEN LOOSESTRIFE Primula L. ^Primula japonica A. Gray JAPANESE PRIMROSE Primula mistassinica Michx. BIRD’S-EYE PRIMROSE (P. mistassinica var. noveboracensis Fern.) Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 *Primula veris L. COWSLIP [P. officinalis (L.) Hill] *Primula veris x vulgaris = P. x polyantha Hort. GARDEN PRIMROSE, POLYANTHA (REPORT ONLY) Samolus L. Samolus valerandi L. WATER PIMPERNEL, BROOKWEED ssp. parviflorus (Raf.) Hult^n (5. floribundiis Kunth; S. parviflorus Raf.) Ill Trientalis L. Trientalis borealis Raf. STARFLOWER, CHICKWEED-WINTERGREEN, STAR- OF-SEVEN (T. borealis var. tenuifolia House; T. europea of American authors, not L.; T. latifolia of NY reports, not Hooker) Subclass: Rosidae Order: Rosales HYDRANGEACEAE (HYDRANGEA FAMILY) Decumaria L. *Decumaria barbara L. CLIMBING HYDRANGEA, WOOD-VAMP Deutzia Thunb. *Deutzia scabra Thunb. DEUTZIA (D. fortunei Carridre; D. sieboldiana Maxim.) Hydrangea L. Hydrangea arborescens L. WILD HYDRANGEA, SEVEN-BARK (H. arborescens var. oblonga Torrey & A. Gray) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI ^Hydrangea paniculata Sieb. HYDRANGEA Philadelphus L. *Philadelphus coronarius L. GARDEN SYRINGA, EUROPEAN MOCK-ORANGE * Philadelphus floridus Beadle MOCK-ORANGE *Philadelphus inodorus L. MOCK-ORANGE *Philadelphus pubescens Loisel. MOCK-ORANGE 112 GROSSULARIACEAE (GOOSEBERRY FAMILY) Ribes L. Synonym: Grossularia Mill. Ribes americanum Mill. WILD BLACK CURRANT, EASTERN BLACK CURRANT (R. floridanum L’H6r.) *Ribes aureum Pursh BUFFALO CURRANT, GOLDEN CURRANT var. vilbsum DC. {R. odoratum Wendl. f. ex Bartl. & Wendl. f.) Ribes cynosbati L. WILD GOOSEBERRY, DOGBERRY, PRICKLY GOOSEBERRY [Grossularia cynosbati (L.) Mill.] Ribes gbndubsum Grauer SKUNK CURRANT, FETID GOOSEBERRY, STINKING GOOSEBERRY Ribes hirtellum Michx. NORTHERN GOOSEBERRY, CURRANT [R. hirtellum var. saxosum (Hooker) Fern.; R. oxycanthoides L. in part] Ribes bcustre (Pers.) Poir. BRISTLY BLACK CURRANT, SWAMP BLACK CURRANT (R. oxycanthoides L. var. lacustre Pers.) *Ribes nigrum L. black CURRANT, EUROPEAN BLACK CURRANT Ribes rotundifolium Michx. COMMON GOOSEBERRY, ROUND-LEAF CURRANT, WILD GOOSEBERRY *Ribes rubrum L. NORTHERN RED CURRANT, GARDEN RED CURRANT, CHERRY-CURRANT [R. sativum (Reichenb.) Syme; R. vulgare of NY reports, not Lam.] Ribes triste Pallas swamp red currant, wild RED CURRANT [R. triste var. albinervium (Michx.) Fern.] *Ribes uva-crispa L. ENGLISH GOOSEBERRY, EUROPEAN GOOSEBERRY var. sativum DC. [Grossularia reclinata (L.) Mill.; R. grossularia L.; R. reclinatum L.] 113 CRASSULACEAE (SEBUM FAMILY) Crassula L. Synonyms: Hydrophila Ehrh.; Tillaea L.; Tillaeastrum Britt. Crassula aquatica (L.) Schoenl. PIGMYWEED [Hydrophila aquatica (L.) House; Tillaea aquatica L.; T. simplex Nutt.; Tillaeastrum aquaticum (L.) Britt.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Penthorum L. Penthorum sedoides L. DITCH-STONECROP Sedum L. Synonym: Rhodiola L. *Sedum acre L. YELLOW SEDUM, WALLPEPPER, WALL-SEDUM, yellow STONECROP, MOSSY STONECROP *Sedum album L. WHITE-FLOWERED SEDUM, STONECROP, ORPINE, LIVE- FOREVER *Sedum hispanicum L. WHITE-FLOWERED SEDUM, SPANISH STONECROP (5. album of some NY reports, not L.; S. glaucum Waldst. & Kit.) Sedum integrifolium (Raf.) A. Nels. ex Coult. & Nels. ROSE SEDUM, LEEDY’S ROSEROOT [Rhodiola integrifolia Raf.; S. rosea of some authors, not (L.) Scop.] ssp. leedyi (Rosend. & Moore) Clausen (S. rosea var. leedyi Rosend. & Moore) Rarity Status: Federal Rank: T State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI *Sedum kamtschaticum Fisch. & Meyer SEDUM [S. kamtschaticum ssp. ellacombianum (Praeger) Clausen] *Sedum rejlexum L. YELLOW SEDUM, STONECROP, LIVE-FOREVER (5. anopetalum of NY reports, not DC.; S. ochroleucum of NY reports, not Chaix) 114 Sedum rosea (L.) Scop, roseroot, pink sedum (Rhodiola rosea L.) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI *Sedum sarmentosum Bunge SEDUM, ORPINE, stonecrop, wall-pepper *Sedum spectabile Boreau SEDUM, LIVE-FOREVER *Sedum spectabile x viridescens = 5. x erythrostictum Miq. GARDEN ORPINE (5. X alboroseum Baker; S. japonicum of the horticultural trade, not Sieb.) *Sedum spurium Bieb. ROSY STONECROP, SEDUM (5. stoloniferum of NY reports, not S. Gmel.) ^*'>Sedum telephioides Michx. live-FOREVER Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4 SI Note: The native status of this species has been questioned. *Sedum telephium L. LIVE-FOREVER, GARDEN ORPINE, GARDEN STONECROP [S. purpureum (L.) Link; S. sieboldii of NY reports, not Sweet; S. triphyllum (Haw.) S. Gray] *Sedum ternatum Michx. SEDUM, STONEWORT, MOUNTAIN STONECROP Sempervivum L. I *Sempervivum tectorum L. HEN-AND-CHICKENS, HOUSE-LEEK (REPORT ONLY) SAXIFRAGACEAE (SAXIFRAGE FAMILY) Astilbe Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don *Astilbe japonica (Morren & Dene.) A. Gray FLORIST’S SPIRAEA [A. astilboides (Maxim.) Lem.] Chrysosplenium L. Chrysosplenium americanum Schwein. ex Hooker GOLDEN saxifrage, WATER-MAT, WATER-CARPET (C. oppositifolium Walt.) 115 Heuchera L. Heuchera americana L. ALUM ROOT, ROCK-GERANIUM, HEUCHERA [H. americana var. brevipetala Rosend., Butters & Lak.; var. glauca (Raf.) Rosend.; H. glauca Raf.] Heuchera villosa Michx. MAPLE-LEAF ALUM ROOT Mitella L. Mitella diphylla L. COOLWORT, MITERWORT (M oppositifolia Rydb.) Mitella diphylla x nuda = M. x intermedia Bruhin ex Small & Rydb. MITERWORT (M. prostrata Michx.) Mitella nuda L. MITERWORT, bishop’S-CAP (M reniformis Lam.) Parnassia L. Parnassia glauca Raf. grass-OF-PARNASSUS, bog-STARS (P. americana Muhl.; P. caroliniana of NY reports, not Michx.; P. palustris of NY report, not L.) Saxifraga L. Saxifraga aizoides L. YELLOW MOUNTAIN-SAXIFRAGE Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 Saxifraga oppositifolia L. PURPLE MOUNTAIN-SAXIFRAGE Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4G5 SI Saxifraga paniculata Mill. WHITE MOUNTAIN-SAXIFRAGE [5. aizoon Jacq.; S. paniculata ssp. neogaea (Butters) D. Love] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Saxifraga pensylvanica L. swamp saxifrage, wild BEET [S. forbsii Vasey; S. pensylvanica var. purpuripetala (Johnson) Burns, not Bush; S. purpuripetala Johnson] Saxifraga virginiensis Michx. EARLY SAXIFRAGE 116 Tiarella L. Tiarella cordifolia L. foamflower, false miterwort ROSACEAE (ROSE FAMILY) Agrimonia L. *Agrimonia eupatoria L. AGRIMONY, COCKLEBUR Agrimonia gryposepala Wallr. COMMON AGRIMONY, STICKSEED, COCKLEBUR, HARVEST LICE Agrimonia parviflora Soland ex Ait. AGRIMONY, COCKLEBUR Agrimonia pubescens Wallr. AGRIMONY, COCKLEBUR [Agrimonia bicknellii of NY reports, not (Kearney) Rydb. ex Bickn.; A. mollis (Torrey & A. Gray) Britt.] Agrimonia rostellata Wallr. AGRIMONY, COCKLEBUR Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 Agrimonia striata Michx. AGRIMONY, COCKLEBUR, HARVEST LICE (A. brittoniana Bickn.) Alchemilla L. ={[= * Alchemilla monticola Opiz LADY’S-MANTLE (A. vulgaris of NY reports not L.) Amelanchier Medik. Amelancliier arborea (Michx. f.) Fern. SHADBUSH, SERVICEBERRY Amelanchier arborea x sanguinea = A. x interior Niehen SERVICEBERRY (A. wiegandii Nielsen) Amelanchier bartramiana (Tausch) Roemer MOUNTAIN JUNEBERRY Amelanchier canadensis (L.) Medik. SERVICEBERRY, SHADBUSH, JUNEBERRY [A. oblongifolia (Torrey & A. Gray) Roemer] Amelanchier humilis Wieg. BUSH JUNEBERRY Amelanchier intermedia Spach SERVICEBERRY {A. arborea x canadensis) Amelanchier laevis Wieg. SMOOTH SHADBUSH [A. arborea var. laevis (Wieg.) Ahles] Amelanchier laevis x humilis SERVICEBERRY Amelanchier nantucketensis Bickn. NANTUCKET JUNEBERRY {A. canadensis x stolonifera = A. x nantucketensis Bickn. emend Wieg.) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G2Q SI Amelanchier sanguinea (Pursh) DC. roundleaf JUNEBERRY [A. amabilis Wieg.; A. sanguinea var. grandiflora (Wieg.) Rehd.] Amelanchier stolonifera Wieg. bush JUNEBERRY, SHADBUSH [A. spicata (Lam.) Koch in part] Aplianes L. Synonym: Alchemilla L. in part *Aphanes microcarpa (Boiss. & Reuter) Rothm. PARSLEY-PIERT, LADY’S-MANTLE (REPORT ONLY) [Alchemilla arvensis of NY reports, not (L.) Scop.; A. microcarpa Boiss. «fe Reuter; Aphanes arvensis L.] Aronia Medik. Synonyms: Mespilus L. in part; Pynis L. in part Aronia arbutifolia (L.) Pers. RED CHOKEBERRY [Mespilus arbutifolia L.; Pyrus arbutifolia (L.) L. f.j Aronia arbutifolia x melanocarpa = A. x prunifolia (Marsh.) Rehd. purple CHOKEBERRY [A. arbutifolia var. atropurpurea (Britt.) Seym.; A. atropurpurea Britt.; Mespilus prunifolia Marsh.; Pyrus arbutifolia var. atropurpurea (Britt.) B. Robinson; P. floribunda Lindl.] 118 Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Ell. BLACK CHOKEBERRY [A. arbutifoUa var. melanocarpa (Michx.) Torrey; var. nigra Willd.; A. nigra (Willd.) Kohne; Mespiliis arbutifoUa var. melanocarpa Michx.; Pyriis melanocarpa (Michx.) Willd.] Aruncus Schaef. *Aruncus dioicus (Walt.) Fern. GOAT'S-BEARD var. acuminatus (Rydb.) Hara (A. Sylvester Kos\.q\. ex Maxim.) Chaenomeles Lindl. Synonym: Cydonia Mill, in part * Chaenomeles japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. ex Spach LESSER FLOWERING QUINCE [Cydonia japonica (Thunb.) Pers.] *Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai JAPANESE FLOWERING QUINCE [Cydonia japonica of some authors, not (Thunb.) Pers.; Cydonia lagenaria (Loisel.) Koidz.] Cotoneaster Medik. *Cotoneaster adpressus Boiss. COTONEASTER * Cotoneaster hiipehensis Rehd. & Wilson COTONEASTER Crataegus L. Synonym: Mespiliis L. emend'MQddk. in part Note: Synonymy for Crataegus has been expanded to include a large number of minor variants and apomictic lines named from New York State. Crataegus beat a Sarg. LIAWTEIORN (C. macrocalyx Sarg.) Crataegus berberifolia Torrey & A. Gray HAWTHORN Crataegus biltmoreana Beadle hawthorn (C. coccmeo of New York reports in part, not L.; C. peckii Sarg.; C. stonei Sarg.) 119 Crataegus brainerdii Sarg. HAWTHORN Note: The varieties of this species reported for NY fall into synonymy under C. scabrida Sarg. (C. ambrosia Sarg.; C. brachyloba Sarg.; C. coleae Sarg.; C. cupulifera Sarg.; C. eatoniana Sarg.; C. fallsiana Sarg.; C. misella Sarg.; C. repulsans Sarg.; C. scabrida Sarg. in part; C. spinifera Sarg.) Crataegus brainerdii x macrosperma = C. x rubrocarnea Sarg. HAWTHORN (C. hadleyana Sarg.; C. mirabella Sarg.) Crataegus brainerdii x succulenta = C. x laneyi Sarg. hawthorn Crataegus calpodendron (Ehrh.) Medik. BLACKTHORN, PEAR THORN-APPLE (C. calvinii Sarg.; C. celsa Sarg.; C. comans Sarg.; C. diversa Sarg.; C. stnictilis Ashe; C. tomentosa Sarg. in part; Mespilus calpodendron Ehrh.) Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe sensu lato ROUND-LEAF HAWTHORN [C. caesariata Sarg.; C. cauleae Sarg.; C. chateaugayensis Sarg.; C. chrysocarpa var. caesariata (Sarg.) Palmer; var. faxonii (Sarg.) Eggl.; var. phoenicea Palmer; C. coccinea of New York reports in part, not L.; C. divergens Sarg.; C. dodgei Sarg.; C. faxonii Sarg.; C. illuminata Sarg.; C. jackii Sarg.; C. macauleyae Sarg.; C. margarettiae of NY reports, not Ashe; C. rotimdifolia (Ehrh.) Moench. in part; C. vermcalis C. Peck; Mespilus rotimdifolia Ehrh.] Crataegus chrysocarpa x macrocarpa = C. x maligna Sarg. HAWTHORN Crataegus chrysocarpa x pruinosa HAWTHORN (C. faxonii x pruinosa; C. x immanis Ashe of NY reports; C. x pallescens Sarg. of NY reports) Crataegus coccinioides Ashe HAWTHORN [C aulica Sarg.; C. coccinioides var. dilatata (Sarg.) Eggl.; C. conspecta Sarg.; C. dilatata Sarg.; C. durobrivensis Sarg.; C. eggertii Britt.] Crataegus compta Sarg. HAWTI lORN [C. barryana Sarg.; C. beata var. compta (Sarg.) Eggl.; C. congestiflora Sarg.; C. cruda Sarg.; C. diffusa Sarg.; C. exornata Sarg.; C. foliata Sarg.; C. formosa Sarg.; C. levis Sarg.; C. ovatifolia Sarg.; C. placiva Sarg.; C. promissa Sarg.; C. pulchra Sarg.; C. slavinii Sarg.; C. strigosa Sarg.; C. turtuosa Sarg.; C. wncta Sarg.; C. xanthophylla Sarg.] 120 Crataegus crusgalli L. COCKSPUR, COCKSPUR-THORN [C. arduennae Sarg.; C. cerasina Sarg.; C. crusgalli var. prunifolia (Poir.) Torrey & A. Gray; var. pyracanthifolia Ait.; C. fontenesiana (Spach) Steud.; C. helderbergensis Sarg.; C. geneseensis Sarg.; C. laetifica Sarg.; C. persimilis of NY report, not Sarg.; C. robusta Sarg.; C. schizophylla Eggl.] Crataegus disperma Ashe HAWTHORN [C. cuneiformis (Marsh.) Eggl.; C. crusgalli x punctata of some authors] Crataegus flabellata (Spach) Kirchn. HAWTHORN var. grayana (Eggl.) Palm. [C. crudelis Sarg.; C. flabellata sensu Sarg. not (Bose) Koch; C. grayana Eggl.] Crataegus flabellata x punctata = C. x puberis Sarg. I lAWTHORN (C. harryi Sarg.; C. jonesiae Sarg.) Crataegus holmesiana Ashe hawthorn [C. holmesiana var. tardipes Sarg.; villipes Ashe; C. gilbertiana Sarg.; C tardipes (Sarg.) Sarg.; C. tenuifolia Britt.; C. villipes (Ashe) Ashe] Crataegus intricata Lange hawthorn [C. baxterii Sarg.; C. bissellii Sarg.; C. boyntonii Beadle; C. cornellii Sarg.; C. foetida Ashe; C. intricata var. straminea (Beadle) Palmer; C. pallens Beadle; C. straminea Beadle; var. bissellii (Sarg.) Eggl.; C. verecunda Sarg.] Crataegus intricata x mollis = C. x anomala Sarg. HAWTHORN (C. mollis X straminea-, C. oblongifolia Sarg.) Crataegus intricata x pruinosa = C. x brevipes C. Peck HAWTHORN (C. pruinosa x straminea; C. rotundata Sarg.) Crataegus iracunda Beadle HAWTHORN [C. brumalis Ashe; C. macrosperma var. demissa (Sarg.) Eggl.; C. populnea Ashe; C. stolonifera Sarg.] Crataegus irrasa Sarg. HAWTHORN [C. irrasa var. blanchardii (Sarg.) Eggl.; C. noveboracensis Sarg.] Crataegus jesupii Sarg. HAWTHORN (C. filipes Ashe; C. numerosa Sarg.; C. incisa Sarg.) 121 Crataegus lucorum Sarg. GROVE THORN, HAWIHORN (C. steuhenensis Sarg.) Crataegus macrosperma Ashe sensu lato HAWTHORN, BIG-FRUITED HAW [C. acuminata Sarg.; C. bella Sarg.; C. benigna Sarg.; C. boothiana Sarg.; C. chadsfordiana Sarg.; C. colorata Sarg; C. contigua Sarg.; C. claytoniana Sarg.; C. delucida Sarg; C. floribunda Sarg.; C. floridula Sarg.; C. fretalis Sarg.; C. fucata Sarg.; C. genialis Sarg.; C. gracilipes Sarg.; C. insignata Sarg.; C. ignea Sarg.; C. knieskerniana Sarg.; C. leptopoda Sarg.; C. macrosperma var. acutiloba (Sarg.) Eggl.; var. matura (Sarg.) Eggl.; var. pentandra (Sarg.) Eggl.; var. roanensis (Ashe) Palmer; C. matura Sarg.; C. mellita Sarg.; C. ornata Sarg.; C. paineana Sarg.; C. parviflora Sarg. not Ait.; C. pentandra Sarg.; C. proctoriana Sarg.; C. recta Sarg.; C. roanensis Ashe; C. rubicunda Sarg.; C. spatifolia Sarg.; C. Sarg.; C. streeterae Sarg.; C. suavis Sarg.; C. tenuiloba Sarg.] Crataegus menandiana Sarg. HAWTHORN (C. X integriloba Sarg.; C. implicata Sarg.; C. macrosperma x pruinosa and C. punctata x succulenta, of authors) Crataegus mollis (Torrey & A. Gray) Scheele HAWTHORN (C. arnoldiana Sarg.) *Crataegus monogyna Jacq. ENGLISH HAWTHORN 4 Crataegus opulens Sarg. HAWTHORN [C. beata var. opulens (Sarg.) Palmer; C. beckwithii Sarg.; C. filipes of NY authors, not Ashe; C. inusitula Sarg.; C. macrocalyx Sarg.] Crataegus pedicellata Sarg. SCARLET THORN, red haw, red hawthorn [C. acclivus Sarg.; C. albicans Ashe; C. coccinea of American authors in large part, not L.; C. dayana Sarg.; C. fulleriana Sarg.; C. gloriosa Sarg.; C. habereri Sarg.; C. letchworthiana Sarg.; C. limosa Sarg.; C. pollita Sarg.; C. pedicellata var. albicans (Ashe) Palmer; var. ellwangeriana (Sarg.) Eggl.; C. robesoniana (Sarg.) Palmer; C. radians Sarg.; C. sejuncta Sarg.; C. spissiflora Sarg.; C. uticaensis Sarg.] Crataegus pringlei Sarg. HAWTHORN [C. exclusa Sarg.; C. lobulata Sarg.; C. pringlei var. exclusa (Sarg.) Eggl.; var. lobulata (Sarg.) Eggl.] 4 Crataegus prona Ashe HAWTHORN (C. gravis Ashe) 122 Crataegus pruinosa (Wendl. f.) Koch sensu lato HAWTHORN, WAXY- FRUITED THORN [C. acerba Sarg.; C. amoena Sarg.; C. arcana Beadle; C. aridula Sarg.; C. aristata Sarg.; C. bronxensis Sarg.; C. casta Sarg.; C. conjuncta Sarg.; C. crawfordiana Sarg.; C. deltoides Ashe; C. dissona Sarg; C. eastmaniana Sarg.; C. formosa Sarg.; C. gracilis Sarg.; C. howeana Sarg; C. latisepala Ashe; C. leiophylla Sarg.; C. lennoniana Sarg.; C. livingstoniana Sarg.; C. macera Sarg.; C. mackenziei Sarg.; C. maineana Sarg.; C. oft/z/'o Sarg.; C. obstipa Sarg; C parvula Sarg. C. pelacris Sarg.; C. pellecta Sarg.; C. plana Sarg. of NY reports; C. populifolia Ell.; C. pruinosa var. conjuncta (Sarg.) Eggl.; var. dissona (Sarg.) Eggl.; var. latisepala (Ashe) Eggl.; C. radiata Sarg.; C. ramosa Sarg.; C. rubro-lutea Sarg.; C. rugosa Ashe; C. russata Sarg.; C. scitula Sarg.; Mespilus pruinosa Wendl. f.] Crataegus pruinosa x punctata = C. x hudsonica Sarg. HAWTHORN Crataegus punctata Jacq. DOTTED HAW, WHITE THORN (C. barbara Sarg.; C. desueta Sarg; C. vemiculosa Sarg.) Crataegus scabrida Rehd. HAWTHORN [C. brainerdii var. asperifolia (Sarg.) Eggl.; var. egglestonii (Sarg.) Rob.; var. scabrida (Sarg.) Eggl.; C. conferta Sarg.; C. deweyana Sarg.; C. dunbarii Sarg.; C. eggelstonii Sarg.; C. inopinata Sarg.; C. iterata Sarg.; C. peckietta Sarg.; C. singularis Sarg.] Crataegus scabrida x succulenta = C. x peckietta Sarg. HAWTHORN Crataegus schuettii Ashe HAWTHORN (C. basilica Beadle; C. luminosa Sarg.) Crataegus submoUis Sarg. HAWTHORN (C. champlainensis Sarg.; C. contortifolia Sarg.; C. huntiana Sarg.) Crataegus suborbiculata Sarg. HAWTHORN (C. brownietta Sarg.; C. clintoniana Sarg.; C. dewingii Sarg.; C. x neobaxterii Sarg.; C. notabilis Sarg.; C. saundersiana Sarg.) Crataegus succulenta Schrad. ex Link sensu lato hawthorn [C. admirabilis Sarg.; C. admiranda Sarg.; C. beckiana Sarg.; C. conspicua Sarg.; C. divida Sarg.; C. efferata Sarg.; C. ferentaria Sarg.; C. finitima Sarg.; C. flagrans Sarg.; C. florifera Sarg.; C. frutescens Sarg.; C. halliana Sarg.; C. honeoyensis Sarg.; C. ogdensburgensis Sarg.; C. macracantha Lodd.; C. neofluvialis Ashe; C. silvestris Sarg.; C. simulans Sarg.; C. sonnenbergensis Sarg.; 123 C. spinea Sarg.; C. succulenta var. macracantha (Locld.) Eggl.; var. rhombifolia (Sarg.) Eggl.; C. tmculenta Sarg.; C. venustula Sarg.] Crataegus uniflora Muenchh. DWARF HAWTHORN (C. parviflora Ait. not Sarg.; C. smithii Sarg.; C. tomentosa Eggl. ex B. Robinson & Eern.) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SH Cydonia Mill, *Cydonia obbnga Mill. QUINCE Dalibarda L, Synonym: Rubus L. in part Dalibarda repens L. FALSE-VIOLET, ROBIN-RUN-AWAY, DEWDROP (D. violaeoides Michx.; Rubus dalibarda L.) Duchesnea Sm. Synonym: Fragaria L. in part *Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke MOCK-STRAWBERRY, FALSE- STRAWBERRY, INDIAN-STRAWBERRY (Fragaria indica Andr.) Exochorda Lindl. *Exochorda racemosa (Lindl.) Rehd. PEARLBUSH (E. grandiflora Hooker) Filipendula P. Mill. *Filipendula rubra (Hill) B. Robinson QUEEN OF-THE-PRAIRIE *Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim. QUEEN OF THE MEADOW, MEADOW-SWEET, WI IIPPED-CREAM SPIRAEA [F. ulmaria var. denudata (J. & C. Presl) Beck] *Filipendula vulgaris Moench DROPWORT [F. filipendula (L.) Vilm.; F. hexapetala Gilib.] 124 Fragaria L. 4 *Fragaria chibensis (L.) Mill. COAST STRAWBERRY, BEACH STRAWBERRY, PALE STRAWBERRY *Fragaria chibensis x virginiana = F. x ananassa Dene. STRAWBERRY, PINE STRAWBERRY, COMMERCIAL OR CULTIVATED STRAWBERRY [F. chiloensis var. ananassa (Dene.) Hort. ex Bailey] Fragaria vesca L. WOODLAND STRAWBERRY, SOW-TEAT STRAWBERRY ssp. americana (Porter) Staudt [F. americana (Porter) Britt.; F. vesca var. americana Porter] *ssp, vesca EUROPEAN STRAWBERRY Fragaria virginiana Dene. WILD STRAWBERRY, VIRGINIA STRAWBERRY [F. canadensis Michx. not Crantz.; F. grayana Vilm. ex Gay; F. michauxiana House; F. platypetala Rydb.; F. virginiana ssp. grayana (Vilm. ex Gay) Staudt; ssp. platypetala (Rydb.) Staudt; var. illinoensis (Prince) A. Gray; var. terra-novae (Rydb.) Fern.] Geum L. Synonym: Sieversia Willd. Geum abppicum Jaeq. yellow avens [G. strictum Ait.; G. aleppicum ssp. strictum (Ait.) Clausen; var. strictum (Ait.) Fern.] 4 Geum abppicum x rivab = G. x aurantiacum Fries AVENS (REPORT ONLY) (G. rivale x stricttim sensu Rydb.) Geum canadense Jaeq. WHITE AVENS [G. canadense var. camporum (Rydb.) Fern. & Weath.; var. grimesii Fern. & Weath.; G. carolinianum Walt.] Geum bciniatum Murr. ROUGH avens, herb-BENNET [G. laciniatum var. trichocarpum Fern.; G. virginianum sensu House (1924), not L.] Geum macrophyllum Willd. BIGLEAF YELLOW AVENS Geum rivab L. PURPLE avens, chocolate-root, water avens 125 Geum trijlorum Pursh PRAIRIE-SMOKE, PURPLE AVENS [Sieversia ciliata (Pursh) Rydb.; S. triflora (Pursh) Richardson; G. ciliatum Pursh] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4G5 S2 *Geum urbanum L. AVENS ^*^Geum vernum (Raf.) Torrey & A. Gray SPRING AVENS, EARLY WATER AVENS Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Geum virginianum L. ROUGH AVENS, HERB-BENNET [G. hirsutum Muhl.; G. flavum (Porter) Bickn.j Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Kerria DC. *Kerria japonica (L.) DC. JAPANESE ROSE {Corchorus japonicus Thunb.) Malus P. Mill. Synonym: Pyrus L. in part *Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. SIBERIAN crab (Pyrus baccata L.) Malus coronaria (L.) Mill. AMERICAN CRAB, SWEET-CRAB [M. hracteata Rehd.; M. coronaria var. dasycalyx Rehd.; M. fragrans Rehd.; M. lancifolia Rehd.; Pyrus coronaria L.; var. dasycalyx (Rehd.) Fern.; var. elongata (Rehd.) Bailey; var. lancifolia (Rehd.) Fern.] *Malus floribunda Sieb. ex Van Houtte SHOWY CRAB-APPLE, FLOWERING CRAB, JAPANESE CRAB-APPLE [Pyrus pulcherrima (Aschers. & Grabn.) Boynt.; P. floribunda Sieb. ex Kirch., not Lindl.] Malus glaucescens Rehd. AMERICAN CRAB, wild crab-APPLE [M. coronaria var. glaucescens Rehd.; Pyrus coronaria var. glaucescens (Rehd.) Bailey] Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G3G5Q SI *Malus prunifolia (Willd.) Borkh. PLUM-LEAF APPLE, CHINESE crab-apple (Pyrus prunifolia Willd.) 126 *Malus prunifolia x pumila CRAB-APPLE *Malus pumila Mill. COMMON APPLE, PARADISE APPLE [M domestica Borkh.; M. malus (L.) Shafer; M sylvestris of authors, not (L.) Mill.; Pyrus malus L.] *Malus sieboldii (Regel) Rehd. TORINGO CRAB APPLE Photinia Lindl. *Photinia vilbsa (Thunb.) DC. PHOTINIA Physocarpus Maxim. Synonyms: Opulaster Medik.; Physocarpa Raf.; Spiraea L. in part Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim. NINEBARK var. intermedius (Rydb. ex Britt.) B. Robinson [Opulaster intermedius Rydb. ex Britt.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: GST? SI var. opulifolius [Opulaster opulifolius (L.) Kuntze; Spiraea opulifolia L.j Porteranthus Britt, ex Small Synonyms: Gillenia Moench; Spiraea L. in part 4 Porteranthus stipulatus (Mubl. ex Willd.) Britt. AMERICAN IPECAC, INDIAN PHYSIC (REPORT ONLY) [Gillenia stipulata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Baillon, not Trel. ex Banner & Cov.; Spiraea stipulata Muhl. ex Willd.] Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G5 SX Porteranthus trifoliatus (L.) Britt. INDIAN PHYSIC, BOWMAN’S ROOT [Gillenia trifoliata (L.) Moench; Spiraea trifoliata L.] Potentilla L. Synonyms: Argentina Hill; Comarum L.; Dasiphora Raf.; Drymocallis Fourr.; Pentaphylloides Duham.; Sibbaldiopsis Rydb. Potentilla anserina L. SILVERWEED, GOOSE-GRASS, GOOSE-TANSY ssp. anserina [Argentina anserina (L.) Rydb.; A. babcockiana Rydb. (the type specimen is from New York); P. anserina var. sericea Hayne] 127 ssp. egedii (Wormsk.) Hiitonen [Argentina egedii (Wormsk.) Rydb.; A. pacifica (Howell) Rydb.; P. anserina ssp. pacifica (Howell) Rousi; var. grandis Torrey & A. Gray; P. pacifica Howell] Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5TU S2 *Potentilla argentea L. SILVERY CINQUEFOIL, HOARY CINQUEFOIL Potentilla arguta Pursh TALL CINQUEFOIL [Drymocallis agrimonioides (Pursh) Rydb.; Geum agrimonioides Pursh; P. confertiflora Torrey] Potentilla canadensis L. DWARF CINQUEFOIL, FIVE-FINGERS [P. canadensis var. villosissima Fern.; P. caroliniana of authors, not Poir.; P. pumila Poir. ex Lam.; P. simplex sensu House (1924), not Michx.] Potentilla fruticosa L. SHRUBBY CINQUEFOIL, GOLDEN HARDHACK, WIDDY ssp. Jloribunda (Pursh) Elkington [Dasiphora fruticosa (L.) Rydb.; Pentaphylloides jloribunda (Pursh) A. Love; Potentilla floribimda Pursh] *Potentilla inclinata Vill. ASHY CINQUEFOIL {P. canescens Bess.; P. pilosa sensu Macoun, not Vill.) *Potentilla intermedia L. CINQUEFOIL, FIVE-FINGERS Potentilla norvegica L. ROUGH CINQUEFOIL, THREE-LEAF CINQUEFOIL ssp. monspeliensis (L.) Aschers. & Grabn. (P. monspeliensis L.) *ssp. norvegica Potentilla palustris (L.) Scop. MARSH CINQUEFOIL, FIVE-FINGERS, purple CINQEFOIL [Comarum palustre L.; var. villosa Pers.; P. comarum Nestler; P. palustris var. villosa (Pers.) Lehm.] Potentilla paradoxa Nutt, ex Torrey & A. Gray BUSHY CINQUEFOIL Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI *Potentilla recta L. SULFER CINQUEFOIL, FIVE-FINGERS [P. obscura Nestler; P. recta var. obscura (Nestler) Koch; var. sulphurea (Lam. & DC.) Peyr.; P. sulphurea Lam. & DC.] *Potentilla reptans L. CINQUEFOIL 128 *Potentilla rivalis Nutt. CINQUEFOIL var. millegrana (Engelm. ex Lehm.) S. Watson {P. leucocarpa Rydb.; P. millegrana Engelm. ex Lehm.) Potentilla simplex Michx, COMMON CINQUEFOIL, old-field cinquefoil, FIVE-FINGERS (P. canadensis of NY reports, not L.; P. simplex var. calvescens Fern.) Potentilla tridentata Soland. ex Ait. THREE-TOOTHED CINQUEFOIL [Sibbaldiopsis tridentata (Soland. ex Ait.) Rydb.] Prunus L. Synonyms: Amygdalus L.; Cerasus Mill. Note: Prunus alleghaniensis Port. ALLEGHENY PLUM This species has been collected in Pennsylvania on the shore of Lake Erie, as well as in Connecticut, but no vouchered report of its occurrence is known from New York State. Prunus americana Marsh. HEDGE-PLUM, WILD PLUM, SLOE *Prunus avium (L.) L. SWEET CHERRY, MAZZARD, BIRD CHERRY *Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. CHERRY-PLUM, MYROBALAN PLUM [P. myrobalana (L.) Loisel.j *Prunus cerasus L. sour-CHERRY, PIE-CHERRY {Cerasus vulgaris Mill.) *Prunus domestica L. PLUM, DOMESTIC PLUM, common plum (P. autumnalis Liegel) var. domestica var. insititia (L.) Fiori & Paol. DAMSON PLUM, BULLACE [P. domestica ssp. insititia (L.) Schneid.; P. insititia L.] *Prunus fruticosa Pallas EUROPEAN DWARF CHERRY, GROUND-CHERRY *Prunus mahaleb L. MAHALEB, PERFUMED-CHERRY, ST. LUCIE CHERRY Prunus maritima Marsh. BEACH-PLUM, SHORE PLUM {P. pygmaea Willd.) 129 Prunus nigra Ait. CANADA PLUM, wild plum (P. mollis sensu Torrey, not Dougl.) *Prunus padus L. BIRD-CHERRY, HAG-CHERRY Prunus pensylvanica L. f. PIN-CHERRY, FIRE-CHERRY, WIL.D RED CHERRY, BIRD-CHERRY, PIGEON-CHERRY [Cerasiis pennsylvanica (L. f.) Loisel.; P. borealis (Michx.) Pursh; P. lanceolata Willd.] ^Prunus persica (L.) Batsch PEACH (Amygdalus persica L.) Prunus pumila L. SAND-CHERRY Note: This species is highly variable, and the following varieties possibly represent no more than races or phenotypic variants, var. depressa (Pursh) Bean (P. depressa Pursh) Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5T5 S2 var. pumila (Cerasus pumila Michx.) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: GST? SI var. susquehanae (Hort. ex Willd.) Jaeger [P. cuneata Raf.; P. pumila var. cuneata (Raf.) Bailey; P. susquehanae Hort. ex Willd.] Prunus serotina Ehrh. BLACK CHERRY, WILD CHERRY, RUM-CHERRY, AUTUMN CHERRY (P. virginiana L. in part) *Prunus spinosa L. SLOE, BLACKTHORN Prunus virginiana L. CHOKE-CHERRY Pyracantha Roemer *Pyracantha coccinea Roemer FIRETHORN, PYRACANTHA Pyrus L. *Pyrus communis L. PEAR, COMMON PEAR 130 Rhodotypos Sieb. & Zucc. *Rhodotypos scandens (Thunb,) Makino JETBEAD, WHITE KERRIA [R. kerrioides Sieb. & Zucc.; R. tetrapetala (Sieb.) Makino] Rosa L. Rosa acicularis Lindl. PRICKLY ROSE ssp. sayi (Schwein. ex Keating) Lewis (R. acicularis var. bourgeauiana Crepin; R. sayi Schwein. ex Keating) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5TU SI Rosa acicularis x blanda = R. x housei Erlanson HOUSE’S ROSE Rosa arkansana Porter SMALL PRICKLY ROSE var. suffuUa (Greene) Cockerell (R. bushii Rydb.; R. heliophila Greene; R. pratincola Greene; R. suffulta Greene) Rosa blanda Ait. SMOOTH ROSE, MEADOW ROSE {R. acicularoides Schuette; R. blanda varieties of NY reports; R. fraxinifolia Lindl.; R. johannensis Fern.; R. solanderi Tratt.; R. subblanda Rydb.) Rosa blanda x palustris = R. x palustriformis Rydb. ROSE, SWEETBRIER {R. schuetteana Erlanson) *Rosa canina L. DOG ROSE Rosa Carolina L. PASTURE ROSE var. Carolina [R. Carolina var. glandulosa (Crdpin) Farw.; var. grandiflora (Baker) Rehd; var. obovata (Raf.) Deam; R. gemella Willd.; R. obovata Raf.; R. semi lata Raf.] var. villosa (Best) Rehd. {R. lyonii Pursh; R. palmeri Rydb.) 4 *Rosa Carolina x eglanteria ROSE, SWEETBRIER (R. Carolina x mbiginosa) 4 Rosa Carolina x palustris ROSE (REPORT ONLY) *Rosa centifolia L. CABBAGE ROSE, BURGUNDY ROSE {Rosa X centifolia, applied to a hybrid complex) 131 *Rosa chinensis x damascena = R. x borboniana Desp. bourbon rose, PERPETUAL ROSE *Rosa chinensis x muUiflora = R. x rehderiana Blackb. POLYANTHA ROSE (R. X polyantha Sieb. & Zucc.) *Rosa cinnamomea L. CINNAMON ROSE {R. spinosissima L. in part, a nomen ambiguiim) *Rosa damascena Mill. DAMASK ROSE *Rosa eglanteria L. SWEETBRIER, EGLANTINE {R. nibiginosa L.) *Rosa gallica L. FRENCH ROSE *Rosa majalis Herrm. SCOTCH ROSE, BURNET ROSE {R. spinosissima L. in part, a nomen ambiguiim', R. pimpinellifolia L., a nomen ambiguum) *Rosa micrantha Borr. ex Sm. in Sowerby SWEETBRIER {R. nibiginosa var. micrantha Lindl.) *Rosa muUiflora Thunb. ex Murr. MULTIFLORA ROSE, hedge-ROSE Rosa nitida Willd. NEW ENGLAND ROSE Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4G5 SI Rosa palustris Marsh. SWAMP ROSE *Rosa rubrifolia ViU. RED-LEAF rose, smooth ROSE {R. glaiica Pourret) *Rosa rugosa Thunb. JAPANESE ROSE, TURKISTAN ROSE, SAND-ROSE, SEA- BEACH ROSE, RUGOSA ROSE Rosa setigera Michx. PRAIRIE ROSE, CLIMBING ROSE var. setigera var. tomentosa Torrey & A. Gray {R. riibifolia R. Br. ex Ait.) *Rosa tomentosa Sm. ROSE *Rosa villosa L. ROSE {R. mollis Sm.; R. pomifera Herrm.) 132 Rosa virginiana Mill. WILD ROSE, PASTURE ROSE, LOW PASTURE ROSE [i?. bicknellii Rydb.; R. carolinensis Marsh.; R. liicida Ehrh.; R. nanella Rydb.] *Rosa wichuriana Cr6p. MEMORIAL ROSE Rubus L. Synonym: Chamaemorus (Clusius) Greene Note: Synonymy for Rubus has been expanded to include a number of species named from New York State, most of which were based on minor variants sustained by apomictic reproduction. Rubus allegheniensis Porter ex Bailey sensu lato NORTHERN BLACKBERRY, SOW-TEAT BLACKBERRY, HIGHBUSH BLACKBERRY [R. allegheniensis var. gravesii Fern.; var. neoscoticus (Fern.) Bailey; var. plausus Bailey; R. bracteolifenis Fern.; R. fissidens Bailey; R. glandicaulis Blanch.; R. gravesii (Fern.) Bailey; R. inclinis Bailey; R. montpeleriensis Blanch.; R. inclinis Bailey; R. licitus Bailey; R. nigrobaccus Bailey; R. nupenis Bailey; R. orarius Blanch.; R. pugnax Bailey; R. sativus (Bailey) Brainerd; R. separ Bailey] Rubus argutus Link sensu lato TALL BLACKBERRY {R. abactiis Bailey; R. acer Bailey; R. blakeyi Bailey; R. fatuus Bailey of NY reports; R. fruticosus Marsh.; R. floricomis Blanch.; R. hononis Bailey; R. jugosus Bailey; R. litoreus Bailey; R. ostryifolius Rydb.; R. philadelphicus Blanch.; R. villosus sensu Britt. & Brown, not Ait.) Rubus arundelanus Blanch, sensu lato SAND blackberry, arching BLACKBERRY [R. arenicolus Blanch. {R. arenicola); R. biformispinus Blanch.; R. botruosis Bailey; R. fraternalis Bailey; R. noveboracus Bailey; R. obsessus Bailey; R. onustus Bailey; R. pauper Bailey; R. pityophilus S. J. Smith ex Bailey; R. plicatifolius Blanch.; R. problematicus Bailey; R. recurvicaulis Blanch.; R. rhodinsularis Bailey; R. satis Bailey] *Rubus bifrons Vest ex Tratt. HIMALAYA-BERRY {R. discolor of some authors, not Weihe & Nees; R. procerus of some authors, not Mull.) *Rubus caesius L. EUROPEAN DEWBERRY 133 Rubm canadensis L. thornless blacki3ERRY, smooth blackberry {R. amabilis Blanch.; R. amicalis Blanch.; R. elegantuliis Blanch.; R. irregularis Bailey; R. millspaughii Britt.; R. pauper of some authors, not Bailey; R. pergratus Blanch.; R. randii Rydb. ex Britt.) =!|= Rubm chamaemorus L. CLOUDBERRY, MALKA, SALMON-BERRY, BAKED- APPLE-BERRY, KNOTBERRY [Chamaemorus chamaemorus (L.) House; R. nubis S. Gray] Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G5 SX Rubm cuneifolius Pursh SAND BLACKBERRY {R. longii Fern.; R. sejunctus Bailey) Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S1S2 Rubm enslenii Tratt. SOUTHERN DEWBERRY, SOFT-CANE DEWBERRY (R. baileyanus Britt.; R. flagellaris Willd. in part) Rubm flagellaris Willd. AMERICAN DEWBERRY, NORTHERN DEWBERRY, PRICKLY DEWBERRY [R. exsularis Bailey; R. invisus (Bailey) Britt.; R. jaysmithii Bailey; R. maltei Bailey; R. multifer Bailey; R. nefrens Bailey; R. roribaccus (Bailey) Rydb.; R. scambens Bailey; R. tetricus Bailey] Rubm hispidus L. sensu lato SWAMP DEWBERRY, RUNNING BLACKBERRY [R. adjacens Fern.; R. folioflonis Bailey; R. furtivus Bailey; R. hispidus var. obovalis (Michx.) Fern.; R. ithacanus Bailey; R. jacens Blanch.; R. multiformis Blanch.; R. novanglicus Bailey; R. obovalis Michx.; R. paganus Bailey; R. permixtus Blanch.; R. proprius Bailey; R. rowlei Bailey; R. sempervirens Bigel.; R. signatus Bailey; R. tardatus Blanch.; R. trifrons Blanch.] Rubm idaeus L. RED RASPBERRY *ssp. idaeus EUROPEAN RASPBERRY ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke WILD RASPBERRY [R idaeus ssp. sachalinensis (Levi.) Focke; ssp. melanolasius Focke; var. strigosus (Michx.) Maxim.; R. strigosus Michx.; var. canadensis (Richards.) House] Rubm idaeus ssp. strigosus x occidentalis = /?. x negkctm C. Peck PURPLE WILD RASPBERRY *Rubm illecebrosis Focke RASPBERRY-STRAWBERRY, BALLOONBERRY 134 *Rubus laciniatm Willd. CUT-LEAF BLACKBERRY, EVERGREEN BLACKBERRY {R. erythrosepala Borbis; R. grandiflora of authors, not L’Her. ex Ait.; R. lamarckiana De Vries) 4 *Rubus linkianus Ser. BLACKBERRY {R. candicans Weihe ex Reichenb. in part) Rubus occidentalis L. black raspberry, black-cap, black THIMBLEBERRY {R. idaeus americanus Torrey; R. occidentalis var. flavobaccus Blanch.) Rubus odoratus L. PINK THIMBLEBERRY, PURPLE FLOWERING RASPBERRY Rubus pensilvanicus Poir. ex Lam. sensu lato HIGI IBUSH BLACKBERRY {R. adirondackensis Bailey; R. alumnus Bailey; R. avipes Bailey; R. barbanis Bailey; R. bellobanis Bailey; R. burnhamii Bailey; R. cardianus Bailey; R. facetus Bailey; R. fissidens Bailey; R. frondosus Bigel.; R. heterophyllus Willd.; R. independens Bailey; R. insons Bailey; R. insulanus Bailey; R. narus Bailey; R. paulus Bailey; R. perfoliosus Bailey; R. recurvans Blanch.; R. rosa Bailey; R. rydbergianus Bailey) *Rubus phoenicolasius Maxim, wineberry Rubus pubescens Raf. DWARF RASPBERRY, PLUMBOY (R. americanus Britt; R. pubescens var. pilosifolius A. Hill; R. triphyllus Thunb.) Rubus setosus Bigel. BOG BLACKBERRY (R. beams Bailey; R. bigelovianus Bailey; R. discrems Bailey; R. dissimilis Bailey; R. groutianus Blanch.; R. junceus Blanch.; R. lawrencei Bailey; R. nigricans Rydb. ex Britt.; R. peculiaris Blanch.; R. perpauper Bailey; R. semisetosus Blanch.; R. unanimus Bailey; R. vermontanus Blanch.) Sanguisorba L. Synonym: Poterium L. *Sanguisorba annua (Nutt, ex Hooker) Torrey & A. Gray BURNET [Poterium annuum (Nutt, ex Hooker) Spach] Sanguisorba canadensis L. CANADIAN BURNET, AMERICAN BURNET, GREAT BURNET 135 *Sanguisorba minor Scop, garden burnet [Poteriiim sangiiisorba of authors, not L.; S. miiricata (Spach) Gremeli; S. minor ssp. miiricata Briq.] Sorbaria (Ser.) A. Br. Synonyms: Schizonotiis Lindl.; Spiraea L. in part *Sorbaria sorbifolia (L.) A. Br. FALSE SPIRAEA [Schizonotiis sorbifolia (L.) Lindl.; Spiraea sorbifolia L.] Sorbus L. Synonym: Pynis L. in part Sorbus americana Marsh. AMERICAN mountain ash, rowan, DOGBERRY, ROUNDWOOD, MISSY-MOOSEY (MOZAMIZE) [Pynis americana (Marsh.) DC.; S. microcarpa Pursh] *Sorbus aucuparia L. EUROPEAN MOUNTAIN ASH, ROWAN, QUICKBEAM [Fynis aucuparia (L.) Gaertn.] Sorbus decora (Sarg.) Schneid. NORTHERN MOUNTAIN ASH, DOGBERRY [Pynis decora (Sarg.) Hyland; P. dumosa Fern.; S. dumosa sensu House (1924), not Greene; S. sambiicifolia of NY reports, not (Cham. & Schlect.) Roemer; S. sitchensis of NY reports, not Roemer] Spiraea L. Spiraea alba DuRoi MEADOW-SWEET var. alba {S. paniciilata Willd.; 5. salicifolia of NY reports in part, not L.) var. latifolia (Ait.) Dippel MEADOW-SWEET, CANADA TEA, QUAKER LADY (5. latifolia (Ait.) Borkh.; S. salicifolia of NY reports in part, not L.) *Spiraea cantoniensis Lour. REEVES' SPIRAEA (5. reevesii Lindl.) ^Spiraea cantoniensis x trilobata = S. x vanhouttei (Briot) Zab. SPIRAEA 136 *Spiraea chamaedryfolia L. SPIRAEA (5. flexuosa Fisch. ex Camb.) ^Spiraea douglasii x salicifolia = S. x billiardii Herincq. SPIRAEA (5. salicifolia of early NY reports, not L.) *Spiraea japonica L. f. JAPANESE SPIRAEA *Spiraea prunifolia Sieb. & Zucc. BRIDAL-WREATH, DOUBLE SPIRAEA Spiraea septentrionalis (Fern.) A. & D. Love MOUNTAIN MEADOW-SWEET, CANADA-TEA (5. latifolia var. septentrionalis Fern.) Rarity Status: State: U TNG Rank: not ranked *Spiraea thunbergii Sieb. ex Biume SPIRAEA Spiraea tomentosa L. HARDHACK, STEEPLE-BUSH, CANADA TEA var. rosea (Raf.) Fern. (REPORT ONLY) var. tomentosa * Spiraea trilobata L. SPIRAEA Waldsteinia Willd. Synonym: Dalibarda L. in part Waldsteinia fragarioides (Michx.) Tratt. BARREN STRAWBERRY, FALSE STRAWBERRY {Dalibarda fragarioides Michx.) Order: Fabales FABACEAE (BEAN FAMILY) Albizia Durazz. *Albizia julibrissin Durazz. MIMOSA, SILK-TREE, POWDERPUFF-TREE Amorpha L. *Amorpha fruticosa L. FALSE INDIGO, INDIGO-BUSH 137 Amphicarpaea Ell. ex Nutt. Synonyms: Amphicarpa and Amphicarpea of authors; Falcata Gmel. ex L. Glycine L. in part Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Rickett & Stafleu HOG-PEANUT [A. bracteata var. comosa (L.) Fern.; A. comosa (L.) G. Don; Falcata comosa (L.) Kuntze; Glycine bracteata L.; G. comosa L-l Anthyllis L. *Anthyllis vulneraria L. LADY’S-FINGERS Apios Fabr. Synonym: Glycine L. in part Apios americana Medik. GROUNDNUT, WILD BEAN, POTATO- BEAN, CREEK-POTATO {Glycine apios L.) Astragalus L. Synonym: Phaca L. Astragalus canadensis L. MILK-VETCH [A. carolinianus of authors, not L.; Phaca canadensis (L.) Kuntze] ^Astragalus glycyphyllos L. EUROPEAN MILK-VETCH, FITSROOT Astragalus neglectus (Torrey & A. Gray) Sheldon MILK-VETCH, COOPER MILK VETCH {A. cooperi A. Gray; Phaca neglecta Torrey & A. Gray) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G3G4 SI Baptisia L. Synonym: Sophora L. in part *Baptisia australis (L.) R. Br. ex Ait. BLUE FALSE INDIGO (Sophora australis L.) *Baptisia lactea (Raf.) Thieret WHITE PRAIRIE false-INDIGO (B. leucantha Torrey & A. Gray) 138 Baptism tinctoria (L.) Vent. WILD INDIGO, RATTLEWEED, HORSEFLY-WEED {B. tinctoria var. crebra Fern.; var. projecta Fern.; Sophora tinctoria L.) Cercis L. *Cercis canadensis L. REDBUD, JUDAS-TREE Chamaecrista (L.) Moench Synonym: Cassia L. in part Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx.) Greene PARTRIDGE-PEA, GOLDEN SENNA, GOLDEN CASSIA, PRAIRIE SENNA, LOCUST-WEED (Cassia chamaecrista L.; C. diffusa of NY reports, not DC.; C. fasciculata Michx.; Chamaecrista fascicularis Greene) Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench DWARF PARTRIDGE-PEA, WILD SENSITIVE-PLANT (Cassia nictitans L.) Cicer L. 4 *Cicer arietinum L. CHICK-PEA Cladrastis Raf, 4 *Cladrastis kentukea (Dum.) Rudd YELLOW WOOD, VIRGILIA [C. lutea (Michx. f.) Koch] Clitoria L. 4 ^*^Clitoria mariana L. BUTTERFLY-PEA Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G5 SX Note: Native status in doubt; possibly an old-field waif. Colutea L. *Colutea arborescens L. BLADDER-SENNA Coronilla L. *Coronilla gbbosa Lam. WHITE CROWN-VETCH *Coronilla varia L. CROWN-VETCH, AXWORT, CORONILLA 139 Crotalaria L. Crotalaria sagittalis L. rattlebox Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Cytisus L. Synonyms: Genista L. in part; Sarothammis Wimmer; Spartinm L. *Cytism scoparius (L.) Link SCOTCH-BROOM [Genista scoparia (L.) Lam.; Sarothammis scoparius (L.) Wimmer; Spartinm scoparium L.] =|}= *Cytisus vUlosus Pour, broom (C. triflorus L’Her.) Dalea (L.) Juss. Synonym: Petalostemon Michx. in part * Dalea purpurea Vent. PURPLE PRAIRIE-CLOVER [Petalostemon purpureitm (Vent.) Rydb.] Desmodium Desv. Synonyms: Hedysanim L.; Meibomia Heist, ex Fabr. Desmodium canadense (L.) DC. GIANT TICR-CLOVER, TREEOIL, SHOWY TICK-TREFOIL, BEGGAR-TICKS [Hedysanim canadense L.; Meibomia canadensis (L.) Kuntze] Desmodium cauescens (L.) DC. HOARY TICK-CLOVER. TICK TREFOIL [Hedysanim canescens L.; Meibomia canescens (L.) Kuntze; M. michaiaii of authors, not Vail] Desmodium ciliare (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC. TICK-CLOVER. TICK-TREFOIL [Hedysanim ciliare Muhl. ex Willd.; Meibomia ciliaris (Muhl. ex Willd.) Blake; M. obtiisa of NY reports, not (Muhl. ex Willd.) Vail] Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2S3 Desmodium cuspidatum (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC. ex Loud. TICK-CLOVER, TICK-TREFOIL [D. bracteosiim (Michx.) DC.; Hedysanim bracteosiim Michx.; H. cuspidatum Muhl. ex Willd.; Meibomia bracteosa (Michx.) Kuntze; M. grandiflora (Walt.) Kuntze] 140 Desmodium glabellum (Michx.) DC. tall TICK clover, TALL TICK TREFOIL [D. dillenii of authors, not Dari.; D. humifusum of some NY reports, not (Muhl.) Beck; Hedysarum glabellum Michx.; Meibomia glabella (Michx.) Kuntze] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Desmodium glutinosum (Muhl. ex Willd.) Wood STICKY TICK CLOVER, TICK-TREFOIL \D. acuminata (Michx.) DC.; Hedysarum glutinosum Muhl. ex Willd.; Meibomia acuminata (Michx.) Blake; M. grandiflora, of NY reports, not (Walt.) Kuntze] Desmodium humifusum (Muhl.) Beck SPREADING TICK CLOVER, TRAILING TICK-TREFOIL [D. glabellum of some authors, not (Michx.) DC.; Meibomia humifusa (Muhl.) Kuntze] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G1G2 SI Desmodium laevigatum (Nutt.) DC. SMOOTH TICK-CLOVER, SMOOTH TICK- TREFOIL [Meibomia laevigata (Nutt.) Kuntze] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SH Desmodium marilandicum (L.) DC. MARYLAND TICK-CLOVER [Meibomia marylandica (L.) Kuntze] Desmodium nudiflorum (L.) DC. TICK-TREFOIL, TICK-CLOVER [Hedysarum nudiflorum L.; Meibomia nudiflora (L.) Kuntze] Desmodium nuttallii (Schindi.) Schub. nuttall’S tick-CLOVER [D. viridiflorum of NY reports, not (L.) DC.; Meibomia canescens sensu House (1924), not (L.) Kuntze; M. viridiflora (L.) Kuntze of NY reports] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SH Desmodium obtusum (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC. BEGGAR-LICE, TICK TREFOIL [D. rigidum (Ell.) DC.; Hedysarum obtusum Muhl. ex Willd.; H rigidum Ell.; Meibomia rigida (Ell.) Kuntze] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4G5 SI Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC. TICK-TREFOIL, BEGGAR-TICKS [D. dillenii Dari, in part; Hedysarum paniculatum L.; Meibomia dillenii (Dari.) Kuntze in part; M. paniculata (L.) Kuntze] 141 I Desmodium pauciflorum (Nutt.) DC. SMALL-FLOWERED TICK CLOVER [Meibomia pauciflora (Nutt.) Kuntze] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI? Desmodium perplexum Schub. TICK-CLOVER, TICK-TREFOIL [D. dillenii Dari, in part; Meibomia dillenii (Dari.) Kuntze in part] Desmodium rotundifolium DC. TICK CLOVER, LOW tick-trefoil [Meibomia michauxii Vail; M. rotundifolium (DC.) Kuntze] Dolichos L. Synonym: Lablab Adans. I *Dolichos lablab L. HYACINTH-BEAN, EGYPTIAN BEAN [Lablab purpureas (L.) Sweet] Galactia P. Br. 4 Galactia volubilis (L.) Britt. DOWNY MILK-PEA [G. glabella of NY reports, not Michx.; G. regidaris of NY reports, not (L.) BSP. Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G5 SX Galega L. 4 *Galega officinalis L. goat'S-RUE Genista L. *Genista tinctoria L. DYER’S GREENWEED, WOAD-WAXEN, WHIN Gleditsia L. 4 *Gleditsia aquatica Marsh. WATER-LOCUST *Gleditsia triacanthos L. HONEY-LOCUST, HONEYSHUCK, THORNED ACACIA [G. triacanthos var. inermis (L.) Schneid.] 142 Glycine L. *Glycine max (L.) Merr. soybean Glycyrrhiza L. =![= Glycyrrhiza lepidota Nutt, ex Pursh WILD LICORICE {Liquivitia lepidota Nutt, ex Fras., a nomen illeg.) Note: Incorrect authority-citations for G. lepidota include: (Nutt.) Pursh and (Nutt.) Nutt, ex Pursh. Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G5 SX Gymnocladus Lamark ^*'>Gymnocladus dioica (L.) Koch KENTUCKY COFFEE TREE Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Note: The native status of this species is questionable. Lathyrus L. Lathyrus japonicus Willd. BEACH-PEA var. maritimm (L.) Kartesz & Gandhi [L. japonicus var. glaber (Ser.) Fern.; L. maritimus Bigel.; L. maritimus var. glaber (Ser.) Fames; Pisum maritimum L.] var. pellitus Fern. [L. maritimus var. pellitus (Fern.) Gleason] ^Lathyrus latifolius L. SWEET-PEA, EVERLASTING-PEA, PERENNIAL PEA Lathyrus ochroleucus Hooker PALE VETCHLING, CREAMY wiLD-PEA ^Lathyrus odoratus L. GARDEN SWEET-PEA, SHOWY SWEET-PEA (REPORT ONLY) Lathyrus palustris L. VETCHLING, MARSH-VETCH MARSH-PEA [L. palustris var. linearifolius Ser. ex DC.; var. macranthus (T. White) Fern.; var. myrtifolius (Muhl. ex Willd.) A. Gray; var. pilosus (Cham.) Ledeb.; L. myrtifolius Muhl.; ex Willd.; L. pilosus Cham.] *Lathyrus pratensis L. YELLOW VETCHLING *Lathyrus sylvestris L. FLAT PEA, PERENNIAL PEA, EVERLASTING PEA *Lathyrus tuberosus L. EARTH-NUT, YELLOW VETCHLING, DUTCH MICE, FIELD-PEA 143 Lathyrm venosus L. VETCHLING [L. venosus var. intonsus (Butters & St. John) Hitchc.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5T5 SI Lens P. Mill. Synonyms: Cicer Mill.; Ervum L. *Lens culinaris Medik. LENTIL [Cicer lens (L.) Willd.; Ervum lens L.; L. esculenta Moench] Lespedeza Michx. Synonyms: Hedysanim L. in part; Kummerowia Schindl. in part Lespedeza angustifolia (Pursh) Ell. LESPEDEZA, BUSH-CLOVER (L. capitata var. angustifolia Pursh) 4 Lespedeza angustifolia x capitata = L. x bicknellii House LESPEDEZA [L. X velutina Bickn. (Sept., 1901) not Dunn (Feb., 1901); L. capitata var. velutina (Bickn.) Fern.] *Lespedeza bicolor Turez. BICOLOR LESPEDEZA, BICOLOR Lespedeza capitata Michx. LESPEDEZA, BUSH-CLOVER [L. capitata var. vulgaris Torrey & A. Gray] Lespedeza capitata x hirta = L. x longifolia DC. LESPEDEZA [L. X oblongifolia (Britt.) Stone] Lespedeza capitata x intermedia LESPEDEZA Lespedeza capitata x virginica = L. x simulata Mackz. & Bush LESPEDEZA *Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.) G. Don SERICEA LESPEDEZA, CHINESE LESPEDEZA [L. sericea (Thunb.) Miq.] Lespedeza hirta (L.) Hornem. LESPEDEZA, BUSH-CLOVER Lespedeza hirta x intermedia = L. x nuttallii Dari. LESPEDEZA Lespedeza intermedia (S. Wats.) Britt. LESPEDEZA, BUSH-CLOVER Lespedeza procumbens Michx. TRAILING lespedeza, BUSH-CLOVER 144 Lespedeza procumbem x virginica = L. x brittonii Bickn. LESPEDEZA (L. procumbens var. elliptica Blake; L. violacea var. divergens of NY reports, not Torrey & A. Gray) Lespedeza repens (L.) Barton TRAILING LESPEDEZA *Lespedeza stipulacea Maxim. KOREAN CLOVER [Kummerowia stipulacea (Maxim.) Makino] ^Lespedeza striata (Thunb.) Hooker & Arn. LESPEDEZA, BUSH CLOVER [Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindl.] Lespedeza stuevii Nutt. LESPEDEZA, BUSH-CLOVER (L. stuvei of authors) Rarity Status: State: T TNG Rank: G4? S2 Lespedeza stuevii x virginica = L. x neglecta Mackz. & Bush LESPEDEZA (L. stuevii var. angustifolia Britt.) ^Lespedeza thunbergii (DC.) Nakai LESPEDEZA (L. sieboldii Miq.) Lespedeza violacea (L.) Pers. LESPEDEZA BUSH-CLOVER (L. frutescens L., not Ell. or Britt.) Rarity Status: State: T TNG Rank: G5 S2 Lespedeza virginica (L.) Britt. LESPEDEZA, BUSH-CLOVER {Medicago virginica L.) Lotus L. Synonym: Acmispon Raf. *Lotus corniculata L. BIRD’S-FOOT TREFOIL (L. corniculatus of authors) *Lotm tenuis Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd. SMALL BiRD’S-FOOT TREFOIL 4 *Lotus unifoliatus (Hooker) Benth. PRAIRIE TREFOIL [Acmispon americanum (Nutt.) Rydb.; L. americanus (Nutt.) Bisch.; L. purshianus Clem. & Clem, ex Ottley] 145 Lupinus L. Lupinus perennis L. WILD LUPINE, SUNDIAL LUPINE (L. perennis var. occidentalis S. Wats.) Medicago L. Synonym: Trigonella L. in part *MedicagO lupulina L. BLACK MEDICK, NONESUCH, BUR-CLOVER (M. lupulina var. glandulosa Neilr.) 4 *Medicago minima (L.) Bartal. BUR-CLOVER (REPORT ONLY) 4 *Medicago monspeliaca (L.) Trautv. BUR-CLOVER (REPORT ONLY) {Trigonella monspeliaca L.) 4 *Medicago polymorpha L. YELLOW BUR-CLOVER [M. arahica of NY reports, not (L.) Huds.; M. hispida Gaertn.; M. polymorpha var. arabica L.] *Medicago saliva L. ALFALFA, lucerne ssp./fl/cara (L.) Arcang. (M falcata L.) ssp. saliva Melilotus Mill. Synonym: Trifolium L. in part *Meliblus alba Desr. ex Lam. WHITE swEET-CLOVER, white MELILOTUS (M. alba Medik., a nomen nudum\ Trifolium officinale p L. in part) *Melilolus altissima Thuill. TALL YELLOW SWEET-CLOVER 4 *Meliblus indica (L.) All. YELLOW SWEET-CLOVER {Trifolium indica L.) *Melilolus officinalis (L.) Pallas YELLOW SWEET-CLOVER {Trifolium officinalis L.; T meliloti-officinalis of authors, not L.) 146 Onobi^chis P. Mill. Synonym: Hedysanim L. in part I *Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. SAINFOIN, HOLY CLOVER [Hedysanim onobrychis L.; O. onohrychis (L.) Karst., not Rydb.l Ononis L. I *Ononis arvensis L. REST-HARVEST, REST-HARROW (O. spinosa of NY reports, not L.; O. repens of NY reports, not L.) Ornithopus L. *Ornithopiis sativus Brot. SERRADELA Phaseolus L. Phaseolus polystachios (L.) BSP. WILD BEAN (Dolichos polystachios L.; P. polystachios var. aquilonius Fern.; P. polystachyus of authors; P. vulgaris of some NY reports, not L.) 4 *Phaseolus vulgaris L. GARDEN BEAN, BUSH BEAN, STRING BEAN (P. vulgaris var. humilis Alef.) Pisum L. 4 *Pisum sativum L. GARDEN PEA, GREEN PEA, ENGLISH PEA Psoralea L. Synonym: Pediomelum Rydb. 4 *Psoralea esculenta Pursh INDIAN-TURNIP, PRAIRIE-TURNIP, BREAD-ROOT, PRAIRIE-POTATO [Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb.l Pueraria DC. *Pueraria bbata (WiUd.) Ohwi KUDZU, KUDZU-VINE [P. montana (Lour.) Merr. var. lobata (Willd.) Maesen & Almeida; P. thunbergiana (Sieb. & Zucc.) Benth.) 147 Robinia L. *Rohinia hispida L. ROSE-ACACIA, bristly locust, mossy locust [R. fertilis of NY reports, not Ashe; R. hispida var. fertilis of NY reports, not (Ashe) R. Clausen] *Robinia pseudo-acacia L. BLACK LOCUST, FALSE ACACIA *Robinia viscosa Vent, ex Vauq. CLAMMY LOCUST Senna Mill. Synonym: Cassia L. in part Senna hebecarpa (Fern.) Irwin & Barneby WILD SENNA, PARTRIDGE-PEA, AMERICAN SENNA (Cassia hebecarpa Fern.; C. marylandica of NY reports, not L.) I *Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin & Barneby SICKLEPOD, COFFEE- WEED (Cassia obtusifolia L.; C. tora L. in part) Sesbania Scop. Synonym: Sesban Adans. 4 *Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Cory COLORADO RIVER HEMP \Sesban exaltata (Raf.) Rydb.; Sesbania macrocarpa Muhl. ex Raf.] Strophostyles E]l. Synonym: Glycine L. in part Strophostyles helvula (L.) Ell. ANNUAL WOOLLY-BEAN, TRAILING WILD BEAN [Glycine helvula L.; S. angulosa (Ort.) Ell.; S. helvola of authors] Strophostyles umbellata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Britt, ex Britt. & Brown PERENNIAL WOOLLY-BEAN, WILD BEAN (Glycine umbellata Muhl. ex Willd.) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SH 148 Stylosanthes Ell. Synonym: Trifolium L. in part 4 Stylosanthes biflora (L.) BSP. PENCIL-FLOWER Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G5 SX {Trifolium biflorum L.) Tephrosia Pers. Synonyms: Cracca L. in part; Galega L. in part Tephrosia virginiana (L.) Pers. GOAT’S-RUE, CATGUT, RABBIT’S- PEA, WILD SWEET-PEA {Cracca virginiana L.; Galega virginiana L.) Thermopsis R. Br. ex Ait. & Ait. f. *Thermopsis villosa (Walt.) Fern. & Schub. BUSH PEA, CAROLINA LUPINE {T. caroliniana T. Curtis) Trifolium L. *Trifolium arvense L. RABBIT’S-FOOT CLOVER, OLD-FIELD CLOVER, STONE-CLOVER * Trifolium aureum Pollich YELLOW CLOVER, HOP-CLOVER {T agrarium L., a nomen ambiguum) *Trifolium campestre Schreb. HOP-CLOVER, LOW HOP-CLOVER, SHAMROCK, COW-CLOVER {T. procumbens L. of some authors, a nomen ambiguum) *Trifolium dubium Sibtb. SMALL HOP-CLOVER {T. minus Sm.; T procumbens L., a nomen ambiguum) ^Trifolium fragiferum L. STRAWBERRY-CLOVER * Trifolium hybridum L, ALSIKE CLOVER [T hybridum var. elegans (Savi) Boiss.; T. reflexum of some NY reports, not L.) * Trifolium incarnatum L. SCARLET CLOVER, CRIMSON CLOVER, ITALIAN CLOVER 149 *Trifolium medium L. ZIGZAG-CLOVER *Trifolium pratense L. RED CLOVER [T. pratense var. sativum (Mill.) Schreb.] Note: Trifolium reflexum L. is often reported as an extirpated New York native, but without voucher specimens. There is no evidence to support any historical occurrence of T. reflexum in New York State. A 20th century Allegany County report was based on a specimen of T. hybridum. * Trifolium repens L. WHITE CLOVER, LAWN-CLOVER, dutch-CLOVER I *Trifolium squamosum L. SEASIDE CLOVER (REPORT ONLY) (T. maritimum Huds.) Trigonella L. 4 * Trigonella caerulea (L.) Ser. TRIGONELLA (REPORT ONLY) [T. procumbens (Besser) Reichenb. in part] Ulex L. I *lJlex europaeus L. GORSE, FURZE, WHIN (REPORT ONLY) {Ulex minor of NY reports, not Roth; U. nanus of NY reports, not Forst. ex Sym.) Vicia L. Synonym: Faba Mill. Vicia americana Muhl. ex Willd. PURPLE VETCH, TARE I * Vicia henghalensis L. PURPLE VETCH Vicia caroliniana Walt. WOOD-VETCH {V. parviflora Michx.) Vicia cracca L. COW-VETCH, TUFTED-VETCH, CANADA-PEA ssp. cracca *ssp. tenuifolia (Roth) Gaudin EUROPEAN bird-vetch (Vicia tenuifolia Roth) I *Vicia faba L. BROAD-BEAN, horse-BEAN [Faba faba (L.) House] 150 *Vicia grandiflora Scop. LARGE-FLOWERED VETCH, BIGFLOWER VETCH *Vicia hirsuta (L.) S. Gray HAIRY VETCH I *Vicia hybrida L. VETCH (REPORT ONLY) *Vicia laxiflora Brot. VETCH (V. tenuissima Schinz & Thell., not Bieb.) 4 *Vicia narbonensis L. NARBONNE VETCH (REPORT ONLY) 4 *Vicia peregrina L. VETCH (REPORT ONLY) *Vicia sativa L. COMMON VETCH, SPRING VETCH, TARE ssp. nigra (L.) Ehrh. NARROWLEAF VETCH [V. angustifolia L., not Reich.; V. sativa var. angustifolia (L.) Ehrh.] ssp. sativa COMMON vetch (K sativa var. linearis Lange) *Vicia sepium L. HEDGE-VETCH, TARE *Vicia tetrasperma (L.) Schreb. LENTiL-VETCH, SPARROW-VETCH, SLENDER VETCH [V. tenuissima (Bieb.) Schinz & Thell.; V. tetrasperma var. tenuissima Druce] *Vicia villosa Roth HAIRY VETCH, WINTER-VETCH ssp. pseudocracca (Bertol.) Ball (V. pseudocracca Bertol.) ssp. varia (Host) Corb. woolly-pod vetch (V. dasycarpa Tenore) ssp. villosa Vigna Savi 4 Vigna luteola (Jacq.) Benth. WILD BEAN (REPORT ONLY) [V. repens (L.) Kuntze, not Baker] Wisteria Nutt. *Wisteria frutescens (L.) Poir. WISTERIA \W. fmtescens var. macrostachya T. & G.; W. macrostachya (T. & G.) Nutt, ex B. Robinson & Fern.] 151 *Wistena sinensis (Sims) Sweet CHINESE WISTERIA [Kraunhia floribunda of NY reports, not (Willd.) Taub.; W. floribunda of NY reports, not (Willd.) DC.] Order: Proteales ELAEAGNACEAE (OLEASTER FAMILY) Elaeagnus L. *Elaeagnus angustifolia L. RUSSIAN OLIVE, OLEASTER, ELAEAGNUS, SILVER-BERRY *Elaeagnus muUijlora Thunb. CHERRY ELAEAGNUS, GUMI (£■. edulis Carrifere; E. longipes A. Gray) *Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. OLEASTER, autumn olive, ELAEAGNUS [E. parviflora Schneid.; E. umbellata var. parviflora (Royle) Schneid.j Shepherdia Nutt. Synonym: Lepargyraea Raf. =!!= * Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt. BUFFALO-BERRY [Elaeagnus argentea Pursh; Lepargyraea argentea (Pursh) Greene] Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. SOAPBERRY, BUFFALO-BERRY [Elaeagnus canadensis L.; Lepargyraea canadensis (L.) Greene] Order: Podostemales PODOSTEMACEAE (RIVERWEED FAMILY) Podostemum Michx. Podostemum ceratophyllum Michx. RIVERWEED, RIVER-MOSS, THREADFOOT Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 152 Order: Haloragales HALORAGACEAE (WATER MILFOIL FAMILY) Myriophyllum L. Myriophyllum alterniflorum DC. WATER MILFOIL (M. alternifolium of authors, not DC.) Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 * Myriophyllum aquaticum (Veil.) Verde. PARROT’S-FEATHER, WATER-FEATHER, BRAZILIAN WATER-MILFOIL (M. brasiliense Camb.; M. proserpinacoides Gillies) Myriophyllum farwellii Morong WATER MILFOIL Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 S1S2 Myriophyllum heterophyllum Michx. WATER MILFOIL (M hippuroides of NY reports, not Nutt, ex Torrey & A. Gray) Myriophyllum humile (Raf.) Morong WATER MILFOIL Myriophyllum pinnatum (Walt.) BSP. GREEN PARROT'S-FEATHER, MILFOIL (M. scabratum Michx.; Potamogeton pinnatum Walt.) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Myriophyllum sibericum Komarov WATER MILFOIL [M. exalbescens Fern.; M. spicatum ssp. exalbescens (Fern.) Hulten; var. exalbescens (Fern.) Jepson] *Myriophyllum spicatum L. EURASIAN MILFOIL, WATER MILFOIL, MOSS Myriophyllum tenellum Bigel. SLENDER WATER MILFOIL Myriophyllum verticillatum L. WATER MILFOIL (M verticillatum var. pectinatum Wallr.) Proserpinaca L. Proserpinaca palustris L. MERMAID-WEED var. crebra Fern. & Grisc. var. palustris (P. intermedia Mackz.; P. palustris var. latifolia Schindl.; P. platycarpa Small) 153 Proserpinaca pectinata Lam. MERMAID-WEED Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 Order: Myrtales LYTHRACEAE (LOOSESTRIFE FAMILY) Cuphea P. Browne Synonyms: Lythnim L. in part; Parsonsia P. Br. Cuphea viscosissima Jacq. CLAMMY CUPHEA, BLUE WAXWEED, TARWEED [C. petiolata (L.) Koehne; Lythnim petiolatum L.; Parsonsia petiolata (L.) Rusby] Decodon J. Gmel. Synonym: Lythnim L. in part Decodon verticillatus (L.) Ell. WATER-WILLOW, WATER-OLEANDER {D. verticillatus var. laevigatas Torrey & A. Gray; Lythnim verticillatum L.) Lythrum L. Lythrum alatum Pursh WINGED LOOSESTRIFE Lythrum hyssopifolia L. LOOSESTRIFE Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Lythrum lineare L. SALTMARSH LOOSESTRIFE Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI *Lythrum salicaria L. PURPLE LOOSESTRIFE, SPIKED LOOSESTRIFE Rotala L. Synonym: Ammania L. in part Rotala ramosior (L.) Koehne ex Mart. TOOTH CUP (Ammania ramosior L.; R. ramosior var. interior Fern. & Grisc.) Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 154 THYMELIACEAE (MEZEREUM FAMILY) Daphne L. *Daphne mezereum L. DAPHNE, MEZEREUM Dirca L. Dirca palmtris L. LEATHERWOOD, MOOSEWOOD, WICOPY, ROPE-BARK TRAPACEAE (WATER-CHESTNUT FAMILY) Trapa L. *Trapa natans L. WATER-CHESTNUT, WATER-CALTROP, WATERNUT ONAGRACEAE (EVENING-PRIMROSE FAMILY) Circaea L. Circaea alpina L. DWARF ENCHANTER’S NIGHTSHADE Circaea alpina x lutetiana = C. x intermedia Ehrh. ENCHANTER’S NIGHTSHADE (C. canadensis Hill, not L.) Circaea lutetiana L. ENCHANTER’S NIGHTSHADE ssp. canadensis (L.) Aschers. & Magnus [C. canadensis L.; C. latifolia of authors, not Hill; C. quadrisulcata (Maxim.) Franch. & Sav. var. canadensis (L.) Hara] Epilobium L. Epilobium angustifolium L. WILLOW-HERB, FIREWEED, WICKUP [£. spicatum Lam.] Epilobium ciliatum Raf. WILLOW-HERB ssp. ciliatum [E. adenocaulon Hausskn.; E. glandulosum Lehm. var. adenocaulon (Hausskn.) Fern.; var. perplexans (Trel.) Fern.; E. perplexans Trek] ssp. glandulosum (Lehm.) Hoch & Raven \E. boreale Haussk.; E. glandulosum Lehm. var. glandulosum-, var. cardiophyllum Fern.; var. perplexans of authors, not (Trel.) Fern.] Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: GST? SH 155 Epilobium cobratum Biehl. PURPLE-LEAF WILLOW-HERB, EASTERN WILLOW-HERB (E. tetragonum Pursh) *Epibhium hirsutum L. EUROPEAN FIREWEED, GREAT WILLOW-HERB Epibbium hornemannii Reichenb. ALPINE WILLOW-HERB [E. alpmum of NY reports, not L.; E. alpinum var. nutans (Hornem.) Hooker; E. anagallidifolium of NY reports, not Lam.; E. nutans Hornem.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Epibbium bptophyllum Raf. WILLOW HERB, FIREWEED (E. lineare of authors, not Muhl.) Epibbium palustre L. MARSH WILLOW-HERB [E. lineare Muhl.; E. lineare LeConte; E. oliganthum Michx.; E. palustre var. monticola Haussk.; var. oliganthum (Michx.) Fern.] Epibbium strictum Muhl. ex Spreng. DOWNY wiLLOW-WEED, SOFT {E. densum Raf.) Gaura L. *Gaura biennis L. GAURA 4 *Gaura coccinea Nutt, ex Pursh SCARLET GAURA Ludwigia L. Synonym: Jussiaea L. Ludwigia aUernifolia L. SEEDBOX, FALSE LOOSESTRIFE Ludwigia palustris (L.) Ell. WATER PURSLANE, MARSH PURSLANE [L. palustris var. americana (DC.) Fern. & Grisc.] *Ludwigia pepbides (Kunth) Raven WATER PURSLANE Ludwigia sphaerocarpa Ell. LUDWIGIA (L. sphaerocarpa var. macrocarpa Fern. & Grisc.) Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 ^Ludwigia uruguayensis (Camb.) Hara WATER-PRIMROSE (Jussiaea michauxiana Fern.; J. uruguayensis Camb.) 156 Oenothera L. Synonyms: Anogra Spach; Camissonia Link in part; Kneiffta Spach; Roimannia Rose *Oenothera albicaulis Pursh PRAIRIE EVENING PRIMROSE [Anogra pinnatifida (Nutt.) Spach; O. pinnatifida Nutt.] Oenothera biennis L. COMMON EVENING-PRIMROSE, garden evening PRIMROSE [O. biennis var. nutans (Atkins. & Bartl.) Wieg.; O. biennis var. pycnocarpa (Atkins. & Bartl.) Wieg.; O. biennis ssp. muricata (L.) Piper; O. erythrosepala Borbds; O. glazioviana Micheli; O. muricata L.j *Oenothera clelandii Dietrich, Raven & Wagner EVENING-PRIMROSE [O. rhombipetala of NY reports, not Nutt, ex Torrey & A. Gray; Raimannia rhombipetala of NY reports, not (Nutt, ex Torrey & A. Gray) Rose] Oenothera fruticosa L. SUNDROPS, BUSH PRIMROSE ssp. fruticosa [Kneiffia allenii (Britt.) Small; K fruticosa (L.) Raim. ex Engl. & Prantl; K riparia (Nutt.) Small; K. velutina Pennell] ssp. glauca (Michx.) Straley {Kneiffia tetragona (Roth) Pennell; O. tetragona Roth) Oenothera grandis (Britt.) Smyth DESERT EVENING PRIMROSE [O. laciniata var. grandiflora (S. Wats.) B. Robinson] Oenothera laciniata Hill CUT-LEAVED EVENING PRIMROSE [Raimannia laciniata (Hill) Rose] Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G3?Q S2 Oenothera parviflora L. EVENING-PRIMROSE var. oakesiana (A. Gray) Fern. [O. oakesiana (A. Gray) Robbins ex S. Wats. & Coult.; O. parviflora ssp. angustissima (Gates) Munz] Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G4?Q S2 var. parviflora [O. cleistantha Shull & Bartlett; O. cruciata Nutt, ex G. Don in part, not (S. Wats.) Munz; O. muricata of some NY reports, not L.] 157 Oenothera perennis L. SUNDROPS [Kneijjra perennis (L.) Pennell; O. perennis var. receptilis Blake; O. piimila L.] ^*'>Oenothera pilosella Raf. PRAIRIE SUNDROPS [Kneiffia pratensis Small; O. pratensis (Small) B. Robinson] Note: The suggested native status of this species is questionable. *Oenothera tribba Nutt, evening-primrose *Oenothera villosa Thunb. EVENING-PRIMROSE [O. canovirens Steele; O. villosa ssp. canovirens (Steele) Dietr. & Raven] MELASTOMATACEAE (MELASTOME FAMILY) Rhexia L. 4 Rhexia mariana L. MEADOW-BEAUTY, DEERGRASS Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G5 SX Rhexia virginica L. MEADOW-BEAUTY, DEERGRASS Order: Cornales NYSSACEAE (TUPELO FAMILY) Nyssa L. Nyssa sylvatica Marsh. BLACK GUM, TUPELO, PEPPERIDGE, SOUR GUM CORNACEAE (DOGWOOD FAMILY) Cornus L. Synonyms: Svida Small; Swida Opiz Cornus alternifolia L. f. GREEN OSIER, PAGODA DOGWOOD [Svida alternifolia (L. f.) Small] Cornus amomum Mill. SILKY DOGWOOD, KINNIKINNIK ssp. amomum ssp. obliqua (Raf.) Wilson NARROW-LEAF DOGWOOD [C. amomum var. schuetziana (Meyer) Rickett; C. obliqua Raf.; C. purpusii Koehne] 158 Cornus canadensis L. BUNCHBERRY, DWARF CORNEL, DWARF DOGWOOD, CRACKERBERRY, PUDDING-BERRY (C. canadensis var. alpestris House) Cornus drummondii Meyer ROUGH-LEAF DOGWOOD (C. asperifolia of NY reports, not Michx.; C baileyi Coult. & Evans; C. priceae Small) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Cornus JTorida L. FLOWERING dogwood Cornus foemina Mill. STIFF DOGWOOD, GRAY dogwood ssp. racemosa (Lam.) J. Wilson GRAY DOGWOOD, NORTHERN SWAMP DOGWOOD (C. candidissima Marsh.; C. femina of authors; C. paniculata L’Her.; C. racemosa Lam.) *Cornus kousa Hance KOUSA, JAPANESE dogwood *Cornus mas L. CORNELIAN CHERRY, SORBET (C. mascula L.) Cornus rugosa Lam. ROUND-LEAF DOGWOOD (C. circinata L’Her.) Cornus rugosa x sericea = C. x slavinii Rehd. DOGWOOD, OSIER Cornus sericea L. RED OSIER, RED DOGWOOD, AMERICAN DOGWOOD [C. alba ssp. stolonifera (Michx.) Wang; C. sericea var. interior (Rydb.) St. John; C. stolonifera Michx.] Order: Santalales SANTALACEAE (SANDALWOOD FAMILY) Comandra Nutt. Synonym: Thesium L. Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. BASTARD-TOADFLAX (C. richardsiana Fern.; C. umbellata var. decumbens E. Hill; Thesium umbellatum L.) 159 Geocaulon Fern. Synonym: Comondra Nutt, in part Geocaubn lividum (Rich.) Fern. PURPLE COMANDRA. NORTHERN COMANDRA (Comandra livida Rich.) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Pyrularia Michx. 1 *Pyrularia pubera Michx. BUFEALO-NUT, OIL-NUT VISCACEAE (MISTLETOE FAMILY) Arceuthobium Bieb. Synonym: Razoumofskya Hoffm. Arceuthobium pusillum C. Peck dwarf MISTLETOE [Razoumofskya pusilla (C. Peck) Kuntze] Phoradendron Nutt. 4 Phoradendron leucarpum (Raf.) Reveal & M. Johnston MISTLETOE [P. flavescens Nutt, ex Engelm.; P. serotiniim (Raf.) M. Johnston] Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G5 SX Note: Several early reports indicate that mistletoe was native on Staten Island, where it was gathered for holiday decorations before its apparent extirpation in the late 19th century. Order: Celastrales CELASTRACEAE (STAFF-TREE FAMILY) Celastrus L. *Celastrus orbiculata Thunb. ORIENTAL BITTERSWEET (C. orbiculatus of authors) Celastrus scandens L. AMERICAN BITTERSWEET, WAX-WORK, STAFF-VINE, CLIMBING BITTERSWEET, FALSE BITTERSWEET 160 Euonymus L. Synonym; Evonymus L. *Euonymm alata (Thunb.) Sieb. WINGED SPINDLE-TREE, WINGED BURNING BUSH Euonymus americana L. STRAWBERRY-BUSH, BURSTING-HEART Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Euonymus atropurpurea Jacq. BURNING-BUSH, WAHOO *Euonymus europaea L. EUROPEAN SPINDLE-TREE *Euonymus fortunei (Turcz.) Hand. SPINDLE-TREE var. radicans (Sieb. ex Miq.) Rehd. Euonymus obovata Nutt. RUNNING STRAWBERRY-BUSH (E. americana var. obovata Torrey & A. Gray ex A. Gray) AQUIFOLIACEAE (HOLLY FAMILY) Ilex L. *Ilex crenata Thunb. JAPANESE HOLLY, BOX-LEAF HOLLY Ilex glabra (L.) A. Gray GALLBERRY, INKBERRY, WINTER-BERRY Ilex laevigata (Pursh) A. Gray SMOOTH WINTERBERRY Ilex montana Torrey & A. Gray ex A. Gray MOUNTAIN WINTERBERRY, LARGE-LEAF HOLLY, MOUNTAIN HOLLY, HULVER [/. ambigua var. montana (Torrey & A. Gray) Ahles; /. montana var. mollis (A. Gray) Britt.] Ilex opaca Soland. ex Ait. AMERICAN HOLLY Ilex verticillata (L.) A. Gray BLACK ALDER, WINTERBERRY [/. verticillata var. cyclophylla B. Robinson; var. padifolia (Willd.) Torrey & A. Gray; var. tenuifolia Torrey] 161 Nemopanthus Raf. Nemopanthm mucronatus (L.) Loesener ex Koehne mountain holly, CATBERRY Order: Euphorbiales BUXACEAE (BOXWOOD FAMILY) Buxus L. *Buxus sempervirens L. COMMON BOXWOOD Pachysandra Michx. *Pachysandra terminalis Sieb. & Zucc. JAPANESE SPURGE, JAPANESE PACHYSANDRA EUPHORBIACEAE (SPURGE FAMILY) Acalypha L. *Acalypha australis L. THREE-SEEDED-MERCURY Acalypha gracilens A. Gray THREE-SEEDED-MERCURY Acalypha virginica L. THREE-SEEDED-MERCURY var. rhomboidea (Raf.) Cooperrider (A. rhomboidea Raf.) var. virginica Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5TU S2 Chamaesyce S. Gray Synonym: Euphorbia L. in part Chamaesyce glyptosperma (Engelm.) Small SPURGE, EYEBANE {Euphorbia glyptosperma Engelm.) Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Small EYEBANE, WARTWEED, SPOTTED SPURGE [C. humistrata of NY reports, not (Engelm.) Small; Euphorbia humistrata of NY reports, not Engelm.; E. maculata L.; E. supina Raf.] 162 Chamaesyce nutans (Lag.) Small UPRIGHT SPURGE, EYEBANE [Euphorbia nutans Lag.; E. maculata of some authors not (L.) Small; E. preslii Guss.] Chamaesyce polygonifolia (L.) Small SEASIDE SPURGE {Euphorbia polygonifolia L.) *Chamasyce serpyllifolia (Pers.) Small SPURGE * Chamaesyce stictospora (Engelm.) Small SPURGE {Euphorbia stictospora Engelm.) Chamaesyce vermiculata (Raf.) House HAIRY SPURGE {Euphorbia vermiculata Raf.) Euphorbia L. Synonyms: Poinsettia Graham; Tithymalus Hill Euphorbia coroUata L. FLOWERING SPURGE. WILD-HIPPO * Euphorbia cyparissias L. CYPRESS SPURGE ^Euphorbia dentata Michx. WILD POINSETTIA, SPURGE [Poinsettia dentata (Michx.) Klotzsch & Garcke] * Euphorbia epithymoides L. SPURGE ^Euphorbia esula L. WOLF’S-MILK, LEAFY SPURGE {E. virgata Waldst. & Kit.) ^Euphorbia exigua L. SPURGE (REPORT ONLY) * Euphorbia helioscopia L. WARTWEED, SPURGE Euphorbia ipecacuanhae L. IPECAC SPURGE, WILD, CAROLINA IPECAC Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5? SI * Euphorbia lathyris L. CAPER SPURGE, MYRTLE SPURGE, MOLE PLANT, MOLE SPURGE * Euphorbia lucida Waldst. & Kit. LEAFY SPURGE, SHINING SPURGE {E. agraria of NY reports, not Bieb.) ^Euphorbia marginata Pursh SNOW-ON-THE-MOUNTAFN 163 ^Euphorbia peplus L. PETTY SPURGE *Euphorbia platyphyllos L. BROADLEAF SPURGE {E. platyphyllus and E. platyphylla of authors) Mercurialis L. 4 *Mercurialis annua L. MERCURY, HERB-MERCURY, BOYS-AND-GIRLS Ricinus L. 4 *Ricinus communis L. CASTOR-BEAN Order: Rhamnales RHAMNACEAE (BUCKTHORN FAMILY) Ceanothus L. Ceanothus americanus L. NEW JERSEY TEA, REDROOT Ceanothus herbaceus Raf. REDROOT (C. ovatus of authors, not Desf.) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Rhamnus L. Synonym: Frangula Mill. Rhamnus alnifolia L’H6r. ALDER-LEAF buckthorn *Rhamnus cathartica L. COMMON BUCKTHORN *Rhamnus frangula L. SMOOTH BUCKTHORN, ALDER BUCKTHORN {Frangula alnus Mill.; R. caroliniana of old NY reports, not Walt.) VITACEAE (GRAPE FAMILY) Ampelopsis Michx. *Ampelopsis brevipedunculata (Maxim.) Trautv. PORCELAIN-BERRY var. brevipedunculata var. maximowiczii (Regel) Rehd. HOP-LEAF PORCELAIN-BERRY [A. heterophylla (Thunb.) Sieb. & Zucc.] 164 Parthenocissus Planch, ex DC. Synonyms: Ampelopsis Michx. in part; Psedera Neck. Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch, ex DC. VIRGINIA CREEPER, WOODBINE [P. quinquefolia var. hirsuta Pursh; Psedera quinquefolia (L.) Greene; var. hirsuta (Pursh) B. Robinson] * Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Sieb. & Zucc.) Planch, ex DC. BOSTON IVY, JAPANESE IVY, COTTAGE IVY (Ampelopsis tricuspidata Sieb. & Zucc.) Parthenocissus vitacea (L.) Planch, ex DC. VIRGINIA CREEPER, woodbine [P. inserta (Knerr) Fritsch; Psedera vitacea (L.) Greene] Vitis Adanson Vitis aestivalis Michx. SUMMER GRAPE, PIGEON GRAPE, SILVER-LEAF GRAPE [V. aestivalis var. argentifolia (Munson) Fern.; V. argentifolia Munson] Vitis aestivalis x riparia = F. x slavinii Rehd. GRAPE (V. aestivalis x vulpina of NY reports) Vitis labrusca L. FOX GRAPE, SKUNK GRAPE (V. labrusca var. subedentata Fern.; V. labruscana Bailey) Vitis labrusca x riparia = K x novae-angliae Fern. NEW ENGLAND GRAPE Vitis riparia Michx. FROST GRAPE, RIVERBANK GRAPE, DUNE GRAPE \V. riparia var. syrticola (Fern. & Wieg.) Fern.; V. vulpina var. riparia (Michx.) Clausen; var. vulpina of some NY reports, not L.] * Vitis vinifera L. WINE GRAPE Vitis vulpina L. winter GRAPE, FROST GRAPE, CHICKEN GRAPE (V. cordifolia Michx.; V. pullaria LeConte; V. riparia of some NY reports, not Michx.) Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 165 Order: Linales LINACEAE (FLAX FAMILY) Linum L. *Linum catharticum L. fairy-FLAX *Linum grandiflorum Desf. GARDEN FLAX, FLOWERING FLAX, SHOWY FLAX Linum intercursum Bickn. WILD FLAX Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G4G5 S2 Linum medium (Planch.) Britt. WILD FLAX, YELLOW FLAX var. medium Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: GST? SI var. texanum (Planch.) Fern. SOUTHERN YELLOW FLAX Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5T5 S2 * Linum perenne L. PERENNIAL FLAX, RUSSIAN FLAX Linum striatum Walt. STIFF YELLOW flax (L. striatum var. multijugum Fern.) Linum sulcatum Ridd. YELLOW WILD FLAX Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 * Linum usitatissimum L. FLAX, LINSEED [L. humile Mill.; L. usitatissimum var. humile (Mill.) Pers.] Linum virginianum L. YELLOW WILD FLAX, SLENDER FLAX Order: Polygales POLYGALACEAE (MILKWORT FAMILY) Polygala L. Polygala cruciata L. CROSS-LEAF MILKWORT, DRUM-HEADS [P. brevifolia of NY reports, not Nutt.; P. cruciata var. aquilonia Fern. & Schub.; P. ramosior (Nash) Small] 166 4 Polygala incarnata L. PINK MILKWORT (REPORT ONLY) Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G5 SX Polygala lutea L. YELLOW milkwort, ORANGE MILKWORT, BACHELOR’S- BUTTON, CANDYWEED Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI I Polygala mariana Mill. PINK MILKWORT Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G5 SX Polygala nuttallii Torrey & A. Gray MILKWORT Polygala paucifolia Willd. fringed milkwort, gay-wings, flowering WINTERGREEN, BIRD-ON-THE-WING Polygala polygama Walt. BITTER milkwort (P. polygama var. obtusata Chodat) Polygala sanguinea L. ROSE MILKWORT, FIELD MILKWORT, BLOOD MILKWORT (P. viridescens L.) Polygala senega L. SENECA SNAKEROOT, MOUNTAIN FLAX Polygala verticillata L. whorled MILKWORT var. ambigua (Nutt.) Wood (P. ambigua Nutt.) var. isocycla Fern, var. verticillata (P. pretzii Pennell) Order: Sapindales STAPHYLEACEAE (BLADDERNUT FAMILY) Staphylea L. Staphylea trifolia L. BLADDERNUT SAPINDACEAE (SOAPBERRY FAMILY) Cardiospermum L. *Cardiospermum halicacabum L. BALLOON VINE, HEART-SEED 167 Koelreuteria Laxm. *Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm. PRIDE-OF-INDIA, CHINA TREE HIPPOCASTANACEAE (HORSE-CHESTNUT FAMILY) Aesculus L. *Aesculus glabra Willd. OHIO BUCKEYE *Aesculus hippocastanum L. HORSE-CHESTNUT ACERACEAE (MAPLE FAMILY) Acer L. Synonym: Negimdo Boehm. *Acer campestre L. HEDGE-MAPLE (REPORT ONLY) *Acer ginnala Maxim. AMUR MAI’LE *Acer negundo L. BOX-ELDER, ASH-LEAF MAPLE [A. negundo var. violaceum Mill.; Negundo negundo (L.) Karst.] Acer nigrum Michx. f. BLACK MAPLE [A. saccharum var. nigrum (Michx. f.) Britt.] *Acer palmatum Thunb. JAPANESE MAPLE {A. polymorphum Sieb. & Zucc.) Acer pensylvanicum L. striped maple, moosewood, green-striped MAPLE, WHISTLEWOOD *Acer platanoides L. NORWAY maple *Acer pseudoplatanus L. sycamore-MAPLE Acer rubrum L. RED MAPLE, SOFT MAPLE, SCARLET MAPLE, SWAMP MAPLE var. rubrum var. tribbum Torrey & A. Gray ex Koch THREE-LOBED RED MAPLE {A. rubrum var. tridens Wood) Acer rubrum x saccharinum = A. x freemanii Murr. SOFT MAPLE 168 Acer saccharinum L. SILVER MAPLE, WHITE MAPLE, river maple Acer saccharum Marsh. SUGAR MAPLE, ROCK MAPLE, HARD MAPLE {A. saccharum var. schneckii Rehd.) Acer spicatum Lam. MOUNTAIN maple ANACARDIACEAE (SUMAC FAMILY) Cotinus Mill. Synonym: Rhus L. in part *Cotinus coggygria Scop. smoke-TREE (Rhus cotinus L.) Rhus L. Synonym: Schmaltzia Greene Rhus aromatica Ait. FRAGRANT SUMAC, LEMON SUMAC, POLECAT-BUSH [R. trilobata of NY reports, not (Nutt.) A. Gray; Schmaltzia crenata (Mill.) Greene] Rhus copallinum L. SHINING SUMAC, winged SUMAC, DWARF SUMAC [R. copallina of authors; R. copallinum var. latifolia Engler; var. leucantha (Jacq.) DC.; R. leucantha Jacq.; var. nesophila House; R. obtusifolia Small] Rhus glabra L. SMOOTH SUMAC, SMOOTH STAGHORN Rhus glabra x hirta = R. x pulvinata Greene SUMAC [R. glabra var. borealis Britt.; R. x borealis (Britt.) Greene] Rhus hirta (L.) Sudworth staghorn sumac, velvet SUMAC (Datisca hirta L.; R. typhina L.) Toxicodendron Mill. Synonym: Rhus L. in part Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze POISON IVY, POISON OAK ssp. negundo (Greene) Gillis (Rhus radicans var. negundo Reveal) ssp. radicans (Rhus radicans L.; R. toxicodendron of NY reports, not L.) 169 Toxicodendron rydbergii (Small ex Rydb.) Greene GIANT POISON IVY, POISON OAK [Rhus radicans var. rydbergii (Small ex Rydb.) Rehd.; var. vulgaris (Michx.) DC. in part] Toxicodendron vernix (L.) Kuntze poison sumac {Rhus vernix L.) SIMAROUBACEAE (QUASSIA FAMILY) Ailanthus Desf. *Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle TREE-OF-IIEAVEN, COPAE TREE, AILANTHUS MELIACEAE (MAHOGANY FAMILY) Melia L. *Melia azederach L. CHINABERRY, UMBRELLA TREE RUTACEAE (RUE FAMILY) Dictamnus L. *DictamnuS albus L. GAS-PLANT, DITTANY, FRAXINELLA {D. fraxinella Pers.) Phellodendron Rupr. *Phellodendron japonicum Maxim. JAI’ANESE cork tree Ptelea L. Pteka trifoliata L. WAFER-ASH, HOP-TREE, STINKING ASH Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 Ruta L. *Ruta graveolens L. RUE, HERB-OF-GRACE 170 Zanthoxylum L. Synonym: Xanthoxylum Gmel. Zanthoxylum americanum Mill. PRICKLY ASH, TOOTH ACHE TREE ZYGOPHYLLACEAE (CALTROP FAMILY) Tribulus L. 4 * Tribulus terrestris L. PUNCTURE-WEED, PUNCTURE-VINE Zygophyllum L. 4 *Zygophyllum fabago L. CALTROP Order: Geraniales OXALIDACEAE (OXALIS FAMILY) Oxalis L. Synonym: Xanthoxalis Small *Oxalis corniculata L. LADY’S-SORREL, creeping sorrel {O. repens Thunb.) Oxalis dillenii Jacq. WOOD-SORREL, WOOD-SHAMROCK ssp.filipes (Small) Eiten [O. brittoniae Small ex Britt; O. filipes (Small) Small; O. florida Salisb.] Oxalis montana Raf. COMMON WOOD-SORREL, AMERICAN SHAMROCK, NORTHERN WOOD-SORREL [O. acetosella of American authors, not L.; O. acetosella var. montana (Raf.) Hult6n ex D. Love] Oxalis stricta L. LADY’S-SORREL [O. bushii (Small) Small; O. europaea Jord.; O. fontana Bunge; O. oneidica House; O. rufa Small ex Britt.] Oxalis violacea L. VIOLET wooD-SORREL Rarity Status: State: T TNG Rank: G5 S1S2 171 GERANIACEAE (GERANIUM FAMILY) Erodium L’Her. ex Ait. *Erodium cicutarium (L.) L’II6r. ex Ait. STORKSBILL, PIN-CLOVER 4 *Erodium gruinum (L.) L’II6r. ex Ait. STORKSBILL 4 *Erodium malacoides (L.) L’H6r. ex Ait. STORKSBILL 4 *Erodium moschatum (L.) L’H6r. ex Ait. STORKSBILL Geranium L. Geranium bicknellii Britt, geranium, cranesbill [G. bicknellii var. longipes (S. Wats.) Fern.; G. carolinianum var. longipes S. Wats.] Geranium carolinianum L. CRANESBILL, WILD GERANIUM var. carolinianum (G. carolinianum var. confertiflonim Fern.) var. sphaerospermum (Fern.) Breit. (G. sphaerospermum Fern.) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5T4 SI ^Geranium columbinum L. LONG STAI.K CRANESBii.L *Geranium dissectum L. CUTl.EAF CRANESBILL ^Geranium ibericum Cav. GERANIUM [G. nepalense Sweet var. thunbergii (Sieb. & Zucc.) Kudo, not Lindl. & Paxton] Geranium maculatum L. WILD GERANIUM, SPOTTED GERANIUM, ALUMROOT, PURPLE CRANESBILL *Geranium molle L. DOVESFOOT CRANESBILL ^Geranium pusillum Burm. f. SLENDER CRANES BILL *Geranium robertianum L. HERB-ROBERT 4 *Geranium sanguineum L. CRANESBILL ^Geranium sibericum L. SIBERIAN CRANESBILL 172 LIMNANTHACEAE (MEADOW-FOAM FAMILY) Floerkea Willd. Floerkea proserpinacoides Willd. FALSE-MERMAID BALSAMINACEAE (TOUCH-ME-NOT FAMILY) Impatiens L. *Impatiens balsamina L. ROSE BALSAM, garden balsam Impatiens capensis Meerb. SPOTTED jewelweed, touch-ME-NOT, SNAP WEED [/. biflora Walt., not Willd.; /. noli-tangere L. ssp. biflora (Walt.) Hultdn] *Impatiens glandulifera Royle PURPLE balsam (/. roylei Walp.) Impatiens pallida Nutt. PALE JEWELWEED, TOUCH-ME-NOT, SNAPWEED Order: Apiales ARALIACEAE (GINSENG FAMILY) Aralia L. *Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem. JAPANESE ANGELICA (REPORT ONLY) Aralia hispida Vent. BRISTLY SARSAPARILLA, DWARF-ELDER Aralia nudicaulis L. WILD SARSAPARILLA Aralia racemosa L. SPIKENARD, PETTY-MORREL, LIFE-OF-MAN Aralia spinosa L. HERCULES’-CLUB, DEVIL’S WALKING-STICK, ANGELICA- TREE, PRICKLY-ASH Hedera L. *Hedera helix L. ENGLISH IVY 173 Panax L. Panax quinquefolius L. GINSENG, SANG Panax trifolius L. dwarf ginseng, GROUND-NUT APIACEAE (CARROT FAMILY) Aegopodium L. *Aegopodium podagraria L. GOUTWEED, GOAT'S-FOOT Aethusa L. *Aethusa cynapium L. FOOL’S-PARSLEY Anethum L. *Anethum graveolens L. DILL Angelica L. Synonyms: Coelopleunim Ledeb.; Coelopleuron of authors Angelica atropurpurea L. ALEXANDERS, PURPLE-STEM ANGELICA (A. atropurpurea var. occidentalis Fassett) Angelica lucida L. ANGELICA, SEABEACH ANGELICA [Coelopleunim actaeifolium (Michx.) Coulter & Rose; C. lucidum (L.) Fern.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Angelica venenosa (Greenway) Fern. DEADLY ANGELICA, HAIRY ANGELICA [A. villosa (Walt.) BSP.] Anthriscus Pers. emend Hoffm. Synonyms: Cerefolium Fabr.; Chaerophyllum L. in part * Anthriscus caucalis Bieb. BUR CHERVIL [A. scandicina (Weber ex Wiggers) Mansf.] *Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm. CHERVIL, SALAD CHERVIL [Cerefolium cerefolium (L.) Schinz & Thell.] 174 *Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. WILD CHERVIL (Chaerophyllum sylvestre L.) Apium L. Synonym: Celeri Adans. I *Apium graveolens L. CELERY, GARDEN CELERY [Celeri graveolens (L.) Britt, ex Britt. & Brown] Berula Koch 4 Berula erecta (Huds.) Cov. WILD PARSNIP, WATER-PARSNIP [B. pusilla (Nutt.) Fern.] Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G4G5 SX Bupleurum L. 4 *Bupleurum rotundifolium L. HARE’S-EAR, thoroughwax (REPORT ONLY) Carum L. *Carum carvi L. CARAWAY, ANISE Chaerophyllum L. Chaerophyllum procumbens (L.) Crantz SPREADING CHERVIL Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SH Ciclospermum Lag. Synonym: Apium L. in part 4 *Ciclospermum leptophyllum (Pers.) Sprague ex Britt. & Wilson WEED CELERY (REPORT ONLY) [Apium leptophyllum (Pers.) Muller ex Benth. & Muller] Cicuta L. Cicuta bulbifera L. water-HEMLOCK Cicuta maculata L. WATER-HEMLOCK, SPOTTED COWBANE, MUSQUASH- ROOT, BEAVER-POISON, POISON HEMLOCK 175 Conioselinum Hoffm. Conioselinum chinense (L.) BSP. HEMLOCK-PARSLEY (C. pumilum Rose) Conium L. *Conium maculatum L. poison hemlock Coriandrum L. *Coriandrum sativum L. CORIANDER Cryptotaenia DC. Synonym: Deringa Adans. Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC. HONEWORT, WILD CHERVIL [Deringa canadensis (L.) Kuntze] Daucus L. *Daucus carota L. QUEEN-ANNE'S-LACE, WILD CARROT Erigenia Nutt. Erigenia bulbosa (Michx.) Nutt. HARBINGER-OF-SPRING, PEPPER-AND-SALT Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Eryngium L. 4 Eryngium aquaticum L. ERYNGO, RATTLESNAKE-MASTER Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G4 SX 4 *Eryngium maritimum L. SEASIDE ERYNGO * Eryngium planum L. ERYNGO Falcaria Fabr. 4 *Falcaria vulgaris Bernh. SICKLEWEED (REPORT ONLY) [F. sioides (Wibel) Aschers.] 176 Foeniculum Mill. *Foeniculum vulgare Mill. FENNEL [F. foeniculum (L.) Karst.] Heracleum L. *Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier GIANT HOGWEED Heracleum maximum Bartr. cow-parsnip, masterwort [H. lanatum Michx.; H. sphondylium var. montanum (Schleich. ex Gaud.) Briq.] ^Heracleum sphondylium L. HOGWEED, ELTROT ssp. sibericum (L.) Simonkai {H. sibericum L.) Hydrocotyle L. Hydrocotyle americana L. PENNYWORT, NAVELWORT Hydrocotyle umbellata L. WATER PENNYWORT, SAND-PENNYWORT, NAVELWORT Hydrocotyle verticillata Thunb. WATER PENNYWORT [H. verticillata var. triradiata (Rich.) Fern.] Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G5 SI Note: H. verticillata var. fetherstoniana (Jennings) Mathias is an anomalous plant represented by a single collection from Livingston (not Wyoming) County, New York. Levisticum Hill Synonym: Hipposelinum Britt. & Rose ex Britt. & Brown *Levisticum officinale Koch LOVAGE [Hipposelinum levisticum (L.) Britt. & Rose ex Britt. & Brown] Ligusticum L. Ligusticum scothicum L. SCOTCH LOVAGE, BEACH LOVAGE [L. scothieum, a typographical error in Linnaeus (1753); L. scoticum of authors] Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G5 SI 177 Lilaeopsis Greene Lilaeopsis chinensis (L.) Kuntze LILAEOPSIS [L. lineata (Michx.) Greene] Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G5 S2 Osmorhiza Raf. Synonym: Washingtonia Raf. Osmorhiza claytonii (Michx.) Clarke SWEET JARVIL, SWEET CICELY, WOOLLY SWEET CICELY [Washingtonia claytonii (Michx.) Britt, ex Britt. & Brown] Osmorhiza bngistylis (Torrey) DC. anise-ROOT [Washingtonia longistylis (Torrey) Britt, ex Britt. & Brown] Oxypolis Raf. Oxypolis rigidior (L.) Raf. COWBANE, WATER-DROPWORT [O. rigidior var. longifolius (Pursh) Britt.; O. turgida Small] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SH Pastinaca L. *Pastinaca sativa L. WILD PARSNIP Petroselinum Hill Synonym: Apium L. in part 4 *Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman ex Hill PARSLEY [Apium petroselinum L.; P. petroselinum (L.) Karst.] Peucedanum L. Synonym: Imperatoria L. *Peucedanum ostruthium (L.) Koch MASTERWORT {Imperatoria ostruthium L.) Pimpinella L. *Pimpinella major (L.) Huds. PIMPINELLA *Pimpinella saxifraga L. BURNET-SAXIFRAGE 178 Ptilimnium Raf. Ptilimnium capillaceum (Michx.) Raf. MOCK BISHOP’S-WEED Sanicula L. Sanicula canadensis L. sanicle, snakeroot (5. canadensis var. grandis Fern.) Sanicula odorata (Raf.) Fryer & Phillippe SANICLE, SNAKEROOT {Sanicula gregaria Bickn.; Triclinium odoratum Raf.) Sanicula marilandica L. BLACK snakeroot, SANICLE Sanicula trifoliata Bickn. SANICLE, SNAKEROOT Sium L. Slum suave Walt. WATER PARSNIP (5. carsonii Durieu ex A. Gray; 5. cicutifolium Schrank) Taenidia (Torrey & A. Gray) Drude Taenidia integerrima (L.) Drude YELLOW pimpernel Thaspium Nutt. Thaspium barbinode (Michx.) Nutt. MEADOW-PARSNIP 4 Thaspium trifoliatum (L.) A. Gray PURPLE MEADOW-PARSNIP var. aureum (L.) Britt. Rarity Status: State: U TNG Rank: G5T5 SX Torilis Adans. Synonym: Tordylium L. in part *Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC. HEDGE-PARSLEY [Tordylium anthriscus L.; Torilis anthriscus (L.) Gmel; T. arvensis of authors, not (Huds.) Link; T. nodosa of reports, not (L.) Gaertn.] Zizia Koch Zizia aptera (A. Gray) Fern. GOLDEN ALEXANDERS [Zizia cordata (Walt.) Koch ex DC.; var. aptera A. Gray] Zizia aurea (L.) Koch GOLDEN ALEXANDERS 179 Subclass: Asteridae Order: Gentianales GENTIANACEAE (GENTIAN FAMILY) Bartonia Muhl. ex Willd. Bartonia paniculata (Michx.) Muhl. sCREW-STEM [B. iodandra of NY reports, not B. Robinson; B. paniculata var. intermedia Fern.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Bartonia virginica (L.) BSP. BARTONIA Centaurium Hill *Centaurium erythraea Rafn CENTAURY [C. centaurium (L.) Wight; C. umbellatum Gilib.j *Centaurium pulchellum (Sw.) Druce CENTAURY Frasera Walt. Synonym: Swertia L. Frasera caroliniensis Walt. GREEN GENTIAN, COLUMBO [Swertia caroliniensis (Walt.) Kuntze] Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 Gentiana L. Synonym: Dasystephana Adans. Gentiana andrewsii Griseb. CLOSED GENTIAN, BOTTLE GENTIAN Gentiana clausa Raf. BLIND GENTIAN, CLOSED gentian bottle GENTIAN Gentiana linearis Froel. closed gentian 4 Gentiana puberulenta Pringle PRAIRIE GENTIAN, DOWNY GENTIAN [Dasystephana grayi of NY reports, not (Kusn.) Britt.; G. pubentla of authors, not Miehx.] Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G4G5 SX 180 Gentiana saponaria L. SOAPWORT gentian Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Gentianella Moench Synonym: Gentiana L. in part Gentianella quinquefolia (L.) Small STIFF gentian, ague- WEED, GALL-OF-THE-EARTH [Gentiana quinquefolia L.; Gentianella quinquefolia ssp. occidentalis (A. Gray) Gillett] Gentianopsis Ma Synonym: Gentiana L. in part Gentianopsis crinita (Froel.) Ma FRINGED GENTIAN {Gentiana crinita Froel.) Gentianopsis procera (Holm) Ma FRINGED GENTIAN {Gentiana procera Holm) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Halenia Borkh. Halenia defkxa (Sm.) Griseb. SPURRED GENTIAN Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Sabatia Adans. Synonym: Sabbatia of authors Sabatia angularis (L.) Pursh ROSE-PINK, BITTERBLOOM Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Sabatia campanulata (L.) Torrey SLENDER MARSH-PINK Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI 4 Sabatia dodecandra (L.) BSP. SEA-PINK Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G5? SX Sabatia stellaris Pursh SEA-PINK, MARSH PINK [5. anioena (Raf.) G. Don] Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5? S2S3 181 APOCYNACEAE (DOGBANE FAMILY) Amsonia Walt. *Amsonia tabernaemontana Walt. BLUE-STAR [A. amsonia (L.) Britt.; A. illustris of NY reports, not Woodson; A. tabernaemontana var. salicifolia of NY reports, not (Pursh) Woodson] Apocynum L. Apocynum androsaemifolium L. SPREADING DOGBANE, PINK DOGBANE, INDIAN HEMP {A. androsaemifolium var. incanum A. DC.; A. scopulorum Greene ex Rydb.) Apocynum androsaemifolium x cannabinum = A. x floribundum Greene DOGBANE, INDIAN HEMP {A. X medium Greene; A. milleri Britt.) Apocynum cannabinum L. INDIAN HEMP, DOGBANE var. cannabinum [A. cannabinum var. glaberrimum A. DC.; var. pubescens (Mitchell ex R. Br.) A. DC.; A. pubescens Mitchell ex R. Br.] var. hypericifolium A. Gray (A. sibericum Jacq.) Vinca L. * Vinca major L. GREATER periwinkle, BLUE-BUTTONS, BAND-PLANT * Vinca minor L. COMMON PERIWINKLE, RUNNING MYRTLE, LESSER PERIWINKLE ASCLEPIADACEAE (MILKWEED FAMILY) Asclepias L. Synonym: Acerates Ell. Asclepias amplexicaulis Sm. BLUNT-LEAF MILKWEED Asclepias exaltata L. POKE MILKWEED {A. bicknellii Vail) 182 Asclepias incarnata L. swamp milkweed var. incarnata var. pulchra (Ehrh. ex Willd.) Pers. [A. incarnata ssp. pulchra (Ehrh. ex Willd.) Woodson; A. pulchra Ehrh. ex Willd.] Asclepias purpurascens L. PURPLE MILKWEED Asclepias quadrifolia Jacq. FOUR-LEAF MILKWEED 4 Asclepias rubra L. RED MILKWEED Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G4G5 SX Asclepias syriaca L. COMMON MILKWEED (A. intermedia Vail) Asclepias tuberosa L. BUTTERFLY-WEED, PLEURISY-ROOT, ORANGE MILKWEED, TUBER-ROOT, CHIGGER-FLOWER, INDIAN-PAINTBRUSH var. interior (Woodson) Shinners {A. tuberosa ssp. interior Woodson; var. tuberosa of NY reports) Asclepias variegata L. WHITE MILKWEED Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Asclepias verticillata L. WHORLED MILKWEED Asclepias viridifbra L. GREEN MILKWEED [Acerates viridiflora (Raf.) Eaton] Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 Cynanchum L. Synonyms: Ampelamus Raf. in part; Vincetoxicum N. Wolf 4 *Cynanchum laeve (Michx.) Pers. HONEY-VINE, sand-vine [Ampelamus albidus (Nutt.) Britt.; Gonolobus laevis Michx.] *Cynanchum buiseae Kartesz & Gandhi black swallow-WORT [C. nigrum (L.) Pers.; Vincetoxicum nigrum (L.) Moench] *Cynanchum rossicum (Kleop.) Borh. swALLOW-WORT [C. medium of authors, not R. Br.; C. nigrum in part; Vincetoxicum rossicum (Kleopov) Barb.] *Cynanchum vincetoxicum (L.) Pers. SWALLOW-WORT [Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Medik.; V. vincetoxicum (L.) Pers.] 183 Periploca L. *Peripbca graeca L. silk-vine Order: Solanales SOLANACEAE (NIGHTSHADE FAMILY) Atropa L. 4 *Atropa belladonna L. BELLADONNA, DEADLY NIGHTSHADE (REPORT ONLY) Capsicum L. *Capsicum annuum L. red pepper, CHILI-PEPPER (REPORT ONLY) Datura L. *Datura metel L. THORN-APPLE, HORN-OF-PLENTY Datura stramonium L. JIMSON WEED, STRAMONIUM, THORN-APPLE, JAMESTOWN WEED (p. tatula L.) I *Datura wrightii Regel DOWNY THORN-APPLE, INDIAN-APPLE, ANGEL TRUMPET [£). innoxia Mill. ssp. quinquecuspida (Torrey) Bard; D. meteloides of NY reports, not DC. ex Dunal] Hyoscyamus L. *Hyoscyamus niger L. BLACK HENBANE (H. albus of a NY report, not L.) Leucophysalis Rydb. Synonyms: Chamaesaracha A. Gray; Physalis L. in part ^*Peucophysalis grandiflora (Hooker) Rydb. LARGE WHITE-FLOWERED GROUND-CHERRY {Chamaesaracha grandiflora (Hooker) Fern.; Physalis grandiflora Hooker) Note: The native status of this species is in question; a single widely- disjunct NY occurrence was possibly a garden escape. 184 Lycium L. *Lycium barbarum L. MATRIMONY-VINE (L. chinense Mill.; L. halamifolium Mill.) Lycopersicon Mill. Synonym: Solarium L. in part *Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. TOMATO, LOVE-APPLE [L. lycopersicum (L.) Karst, ex Farw.; Solarium lycopersicum L.l Nicandra Adans. Synonyms: Atropa L. in part; Physalodes Boehm, ex Ludw. *Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertn. APPLE-OF-PERU [Atropa physalodes L.; Physalodes physalodes (L.) Britt.] Nicotiana L. *Nicotiana alata Link & Otto JASMINE TOBACCO, winged tobacco *Nicotiana longiflora Cav. LONG-FLOWERED TOBACCO *Nicotiana rustica L. WILD TOBACCO 4 *Nicotiana suaveolens Lehm. AUSTRALIAN TOBACCO Petunia Juss. Synonym: Calibrachoa Llave & Lex. *Petunia axillaris (Lam.) BSP. GARDEN PETUNIA [P. axillaris sensu Lam.; P. x hybrida Vilm.-Andr.; P. integrifolia (Hooker) Schinz & Thell.; P. x violacea Lindl.] *Petunia parviflora Juss. SEASIDE PETUNIA (REPORT ONLY) [Calibrachoa parviflora (Juss.) D’Arcy] Physalis L. *Physalis alkekengi L. chinese-lantern, japanese-lantern, winter- CHERRY, ALKAKENGI, STRAWBERRY TOMATO 185 Physalis heterophylla Nees CLAMMY ground-CHERRY [P. heterophylla var. ambigua (A. Gray) Rydb.; var. nyctaginea (Dunal) Rydb.] Physalis longifolia Nutt, long-leaf ground-cherry [P. subglabrata Mackz. & Bush; P. virginiana var. subglabrata (Mackz. & Bush) Waterfall] =!!= *Physalis philadelphica Lam. tomatillo, Mexican husk tomato, JAMBERRY var. immaculata Waterfall {P. ixocarpa of authors, not Brot. ex Hornem.) Physalis pubescens L. GROUND-CHERRY, STRAWBERRY TOMATO, DWARF CAPE GOOSEBERRY, HUSK-TOMATO var. integrifolia (Dunal) Waterfall (P. pruinosa of NY reports, not L.) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5T?Q SI 4 *Physalis pumila Nutt. DWARF GROUND-CHERRY (REPORT ONLY) Physalis virginiana Mill. VIRGINIA GROUND-CHERRY [P. longifolia (Nutt.) Trel. in part] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank; G5 SH Schizanthus Ruiz & Pavon *Schizanthus pinnatus Ruiz & Pav6n BUTTERFLY-FLOWER, POOR-MAN’S ORCHID Solanum L. Synonym: Nycterium Vent. Solanum carolinense L. HORSE-NETTLE, BALL NIGHTSHADE *Solanum dulcamara L. TRAILING NIGHTSHADE, BITTERSWEET, CLIMBING NIGHTSHADE *Solanum nigrum L. BLACK NIGHTSHADE, POISONBERRY Note: Most reports of this species from NYS are referable to a native species, S. ptycanthum Dunal. (5. americanum Mill, in part; S. rubnim of authors, not L.) 186 *Solanum physalifolium Rusby NIGHTSHADE, YELLOW NIGHTSHADE [S. luteum of NY reports, not Mill.; S. luteum ssp. alatum (Moench) Dost^l; S. miniatum Bernh. ex Willd.; S. nigrum var. villosum of authors, not L.; 5. sarachoides some authors, not Sendt.; S. villosum of NY reports, not (L.) Mill.] 4 *Solanum pseudo-capsicum L. JERUSALEM CHERRY (REPORT ONLY) *Solanum ptycanthum Dunal black nightshade, poisonberry (5. americanum of some NY reports, not Mill.; S. nigrum of NY reports in large part, not L.) *Solanum rostratum Dunal BUFFALO-BUR, KANSAS THISTLE [Nycterium rostratum (Dunal) Link; S. cornutum of authors, not Lam.] *Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. STICKY NIGHTSHADE 4 *Solanum tuberosum L. POTATO, WHITE POTATO, IRISH potato CONVOLVULACEAE (MORNING-GLORY FAMILY) Calystegia R. Br. Synonym: Convolvulus L. in part *Calystegia hederacea Wallich JAPANESE BINDWEED (C. pellita (Ledeb.) G. Don; C. pubescens Lindl.;G Convolvulus japonicus Thunb.; C. pellitus Ledeb.; C. wallichianus Spreng.) Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. HEDGE-BINDWEED, wild morning-GLORY ssp. americana (Sims) Brummitt [C. inflata Sweet; C. sepium var. americana (Sims) Matsuda; Convolvulus americanus (Sims) Greene; C. sepium var. americanus Sims] ssp. angulata Brummit [C. sepium var. angulata (Brummit) N. Holmgren; var. repens (L.) A. Gray; Convolvulus repens L.; C. sepium var. repens (L.) A. Gray] *ssp. sepium {Convolvulus nashii House; C. sepium var. communis R. Tryon; var. sepium) 187 Calystegia silvatica (Kit.) Griseb. BINDWEED ssp. fraterniflora (Mackz. & Bush) Brummit [Calystegia fraterniflora (Mackz. & Bush) Brumm.; Convolvulus sepium var. fraterniflorus Mackz. & Bush] ssp. silvatica Calystegia spithamea (L.) Pursh LOW BINDWEED {Convolvulus spithameus L.) Convolvulus L. Synonym: Strophocaulos Small *Convolvulus arvensis L. FIELD BINDWEED, SMALL BINDWEED [Strophocaulos arvensis (L.) Small] Ipomoea L. Synonym: Pharbitis Choisy; Quamoclit Moench 4 *Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. SWEET-POTATO 4 *Ipomoea coccinea L. red morning-glory (report only) [Quamoclit coccinea (L.) Moench] *Ipomoea hederacea Jacq. MORNING-GLORY [/. hederacea (L.) Jacq. of NY reports; 1. nil (L.) Roth of NY reports, misapplied; Pharbitis hederacea (Jacq.) Choisy; P. nil (L.) Choisy of NY reports, misapplied] *Ipomoea lacunosa L. MORNING-GLORY Ipomoea pandurata (L.) Meyer WILD POTATO-VINE, MAN-OF-THE-EARTH Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4G5 S2 *Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth COMMON MORNING GLORY [Pharbitis purpurea (L.) Voigt] 4 *Ipomoea quamoclit L. CYPRESS-viNE, star-of-glory {Quamoclit quamoclit (L.) Britt, ex Britt. & Brown; Q. vulgaris Choisy ex DC.) 188 CUSCUTACEAE (DODDER FAMILY) Cuscuta L. Cuscuta cephalanthi Engelm. DODDER Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Cuscuta compacta Juss. ex Choisy DODDER, strangleweed Cuscuta corylii Englem. DODDER, STRANGLEWEED *Cuscuta epilinum Weihe DODDER *Cuscuta epithymum (L.) L. CLOVER-DODDER Cuscuta gronovii Willd. ex Schultz COMMON DODDER, LOVE-VINE, STRANGLEWEED, GOLDTHREAD-VINE [C. gronovii var. latiflora Engelm. (var. latifolia of authors); var. vulgivaga Engelm.] *Cuscuta megalocarpa Rydb. BIG-FRUITED DODDER [C. curta (Engelm.) Rydb.] Cuscuta obtusiflora Kunth DODDER var. glandulosa Engelm. [C. glandulosa (Engelm.) Small] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Cuscuta pentagona Engelm. field-DODDER (C. campestris Yuncker) Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2S3 Cuscuta polygonorum Engelm. DODDER Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI MENYANTHACEAE (BUCKBEAN FAMILY) Menyanthes L. Menyanthes trifoliata L. BUCKBEAN, BOGBEAN var. minor Raf. 189 Nymphoides Seg. Synonyms: Trachysperma Raf.; Villarsia J. Gmel. Nymphoides cordata (Ell.) Fern. FLOATING -HE ART [A^. lacunosa (Vent.) Kuntze; Trachysperma lacunosa (Vent.) House; Villarsia lacunosa Vent.; V. cordata Ell.] *Nymphoides peltata (Walt, ex Gmel.) Kuntze yellow floating-HEART, WATER-FRINGE POLEMONIACEAE (PHLOX FAMILY) Collomia Nutt. 4 *Colbmia linearis Nutt, collomia Gilia Ruiz & Pavon 4 *Gilia achilleifolia Benth. GILIA 4 *Gilia capitata Sims GILIA Ipomopsis Michx. Synonym: Gilia Ruiz & Pavon in part 4 *Ipomopsis rubra (L.) Wherry STANDING-CYPRESS [Gilia rubra (L.) Heller] Phlox L. Phlox divaricata L. BLUE PHLOX, wild sweet-WILLIAM Phlox maculata L. wild sweet-william {P. maculata var. Candida Miehx.) Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 SI *Phlox paniculata L. FALL PHLOX, SUMMER PHLOX, PERENNIAL PHLOX Phbx pibsa L. downy pi ILOX [P. pilosa var. virens (Michx.) Wherry] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SH *Phbx stobnifera Sims CREEPING PHLOX 190 Phlox subulata L. MOSS PHLOX, mountain phlox, moss-pink Polemonium L. Polemonium reptans L. polemony, jacob’S-ladder, GREEK valerian Polemonium vanbruntiae Britt. JACOB’S-LADDER, CHARITY [P. caenileum ssp. vanbruntiae (Britt.) Davidson] Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G3 S3 HYDROPHYLLACEAE (WATERLEAF FAMILY) Ellisia L. Synonym: Nyctelea Scop. 4 Ellisia nyctelea (L.) L. ELLISIA [Nyctelea nyctelea (L.) Britt.] Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G5 SX Hydrophyllum L. Hydrophyllum canadense L. CANADA WATERLEAF Hydrophyllum virginianum L. VIRGINIA WATERLEAF, SHAWNEE- SALAD, INDIAN SALAD, JOHN’S-CABBAGE (H. appendiculatum of NY reports, not Michx.) Phacelia Juss. *Phacelia campanularia A. Gray CALIFORNIA BLUEBELL *Phacelia ciliata Benth. BLUE-CURLS 4 Phacelia dubia (L.) Trel. PHACELIA, SCORPION-WEED Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G5 SX Order: Lamiales BORAGINACEAE (BORAGE FAMILY) Amsinckia Lehm. 4 * Amsinckia intermedia Fisch. & Meyer FIDDLENECK, TARWEED 191 =!!= *Amsinckia lycopsoides (Lehm.) I^hm. FIDDLENECK, tar WEED, AMSINCKIA Anchusa L. Synonym: Lycopsis L. * Anchusa arvensis (L.) Bieb. small bugloss, alkanet {Lycopsis arvensis L.) *Anchusa azurea Mill. ALKANET * Anchusa officinalis L. ALKANET Asperugo L. *Asperugo procumbens L. MADWORT Borago L. *Borago officinalis L. BORAGE, BORAGO Brunnera Stev. Synonym: Anchusa L. in part *Brunnera macrophylla (Adams) I. Johnst. SIBERIAN BUGLOSS {Anchusa myosotidiflora Lehm.) Buglossoides Moench Synonym: Lithospermum L. in part *Buglossoides arvense (L.) I. Johnst. CORN GROMWELL, BASTARD ALKANET {Lithospermum arvense L.) Cynoglossum L. *Cynoglossum amabile Stapf & Drumm. CHINESE forget-ME-NOT *Cynoglossum officinale L. HOUND’S-TONGUE 192 Cynogbssum virginianum L. WILD COMFREY var. boreale (Fern.) Cooperrider (C boreale Fern.) Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5T3? SI var. virginianum Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5T5 SH Echium L. *Echium vulgare L. BLUE-DEVIL, BLUE-WEED, VIPER’S BUGLOSS (£. plantagineum of NY reports, not L.; E. pustulatum of NY reports, not Sibth. & Sm.) Hackelia Opiz Synonym: Lappula Moench in part Hackelia dejlexa (Wahl.) Opiz STICKSEED, BEGGAR-LICE var. americana (A. Gray) Fern. & Johnst. [H. americana (A. Gray) Fern.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5TU SI Hackelia virginiana (L.) Johnst. STICKSEED, beggar-LICE [Lappula virginiana (L.) Greene] Heliotropium L. I *Heliotropium arborescens L. HELIOTROPE, CHERRY-PIE {H. peruvianum of NY reports, not L.) 4 *Heliotropium curassavicum L. HELIOTROPE, LiCORiCE-WEED, SEASIDE HELIOTROPE *Heliotropium europaeum L. HELIOTROPE 4 *Heliotropium indicum L. TURNSOLE Lappula Moench *Lappub occidentalis (S. Wats.) Greene STICKSEED [L. redowskii of authors, not (Hornem.) Greene] *Lappub squarrosa (Retz.) Dumort. STICKSEED [L. echinata Gilib.; L. lappula (L.) Karst.] 193 Lithospermum L. 4 Lithospermum canescens (Michx.) Lehm. PUCCOON, INDIAN-PAINT Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G5 SX Lithospermum caroliniense (Walt, ex Gmel.) MacM. GOLDEN PUCCOON var. croceum (Fern.) Cronq. [L. caroliniense ssp. croceum (Fern.) Cusick; L. croceum Fern.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4G5T? SH Lithospermum latifolium Michx. GROMWELL, PUCCOON ^Lithospermum officinale L. European gromwell Mertensia Roth Mertensia virginica (L.) Pers. ex Link VIRGINIA BLUEBELLS, VIRGINIA COWSLIP, ROANOKE-BELLS Myosotis L. *Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill FORGET-ME-NOT *Myosotis discolor Pers. FORGET-ME-NOT [M versicolor (Pers.) Sm.j Myosotis laxa Lehm. wild forget-me-not * Myosotis scorpioides L. I'ORGET-ME-NOT *Myosotis stricta Link ex R. & S. FORGET-ME-NOT (M micrantha of authors, not Pall.) *Myosotis sylvatica Hoffm. garden FORGET-ME-No r Myosotis verna Nutt. SPRING FORGET-ME-NOT [M. virginica of authors, not (L.) BSP.] Onosmodium Michx. Onosmodium molle Michx. MARBLE-SEED, FALSE GROMWELL, GRAVEL- WEED ssp. hispidissimum (Mackz.) Boivin {O. hispidissimum Mackz.) 194 Onosmodium virginianum (L.) A. DC. false GROMWELL Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4 SI Pulmonaria L. *Pulmonaria saccharata Mill. BETHLEHEM SAGE Symphytum L. *Symphytum asperum Lepechin PRICKLY COMFREY *Symphytum asperum x officinale = 5. x uplandicum Nyman COMFREY *Symphytum officinale L. COMFREY [5. officinale ssp. uliginosum (Kern.) Nyman; S. uliginosum Kern.] VERBENACEAE (VERBENA FAMILY) Phryma L. Phryma leptostachya L. LOPSEED (P. leptostachya var. confertifolia Fern.) Phyla Lour. Synonym: Lippia L. in part *Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Greene NORTHERN FROG-FRUIT {Lippia lanceolata Michx.) Verbena L. * Verbena bonariensis L. VERVAIN Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rodr. PROSTRATE VERVAIN, PROSTRATE VERBENA {V. bracteosa Michx.) Verbena bracteata x stricta = V. x deamii Moldenke VERVAIN Verbena bracteata x urticifolia = V. x perriana Moldenke VERVAIN Verbena hastata L. BLUE VERVAIN, BLUE VERBENA, SIMPLER’S-JOY 195 Verbena hastata x urticifolia = K x engelmannii Moldenke VERVAIN (K hastata var. oblongifolia Nutt.) * Verbena lasiostachys Link VERVAIN, VERBENA {V. prostrata R. Br.) ^Verbena officinalis L. EUROPEAN VERVAIN Verbena simplex Lehm. VERVAIN, VERBENA (K angustifolia Michx.) Verbena stricta Vent. HOARY VERVAIN Verbena urticifolia L. WHITE VERVAIN var. leiocarpa Perry & Fern, var. urticifolia LAMIACEAE (MINT FAMILY) Acinos Mill. Synonyms: Clinopodium L. in part; Satureja L. in part *Acinos arvensis (Lam.) Dandy MOTHER-OF-THYME [Clinopodium acinos (L.) Kuntze; Satureja acinos (L.) Scheele] Agastache Clayt. ex Gronov. *Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze ANISE-HYSSOP, FRAGRANT GIANT HYSSOP, BLUE GIANT HYSSOP, FENNEL-HYSSOP [A. anethiodora (Nutt.) Britt, ex Britt. & Brown] Agastache nepetoides (L.) Kuntze YELLOW GIANT-HYSSOP Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2S3 Agastache scrophulariifolia (Willd.) Kuntze PURPLE GIANT HYSSOP [A. scrophulariifolia var. mollis (Fern.) Heller; A. urticifolia sensu House (1924), not (Benth.) Kuntze] Ajuga L. *Ajuga genevensis L. BUGLEWEED *Ajuga reptans L. CARPET-BUGLEWEED (A. repens of authors) 196 Ballota L, *Balbta nigra L. BLACK HOREHOUND, FETID HOREHOUND Blephiiia Raf. Blephilia ciliata (L.) Raf. DOWNY WOOD MINT Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Blephilia hirsuta (Pursh) Benth. wooD-MiNT Calamintha Mill. Synonyms: Clinopodium L. in part; Satureja L. in part 4 Calamintha arkansana (Nutt.) Shinners CALAMINT [Clinopodium arkansanum (Nutt.) House; Satureja arkansana (Nutt.) Briq.; S. glabella var. angustifolia (Torrey) Svens.] Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G5 SX 4 *Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi CALAMINT [Clinopodium nepeta (L.) Kuntze; Satureja calamintha var. nepeta (L.) Briq.; S. nepeta (L.) Scheele] Clinopodium L. Synonym: Satureja L. in part *Clinopodium vulgare L. BASIL, WILD BASIL, BASIL-WEED, DOG-MINT [Satureja vulgaris (L.) Fritsch; var. neogaea Fern.] Collinsonia L. Collinsonia canadensis L. RICHWEED, STONEROOT [C. canadensis var. punctata (Ell.) A. Gray; C. serotina Walt.] Cunila L. Synonym: Mappia Heist, ex Adans. Cunila origanoides (L.) Britt. DITTANY [Mappia origanoides (L.) House] Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S3 197 Dracocephalum L. Synonyms: Moldavica Adans.; Ruyschiana (Boerh.) Mill. Dracocephalum parvijlorum Nutt. DRAGONHEAD [Moldavica parviflora (Nutt.) Britt.; Ruyschiana parviflora (Nutt.) House] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI =jj= * Dracocephalum thymiflorum L. DRAGONHEAD [Moldavica thymiflora (L.) Rydb.j Elsholtzia Willd. *ElshoUzia ciliata (Thunb.) Hyl. ELSHOLTZIA Galeopsis L. *Galeopsis ladanum L. RED HEMP-NETTLE var. ladanum (G. angustifolia of NY reports, not Ehrh. ex Hoffm.) var. latifolia (Hoffm.) Wallr. *Galeopsis tetrahit L. HEMP-NETTLE var. bifida (Bonn.) Lej. & Court. [Galeopsis bifida Bonn.] var. tetrahit Glechoma L. Synonym: Nepeta L. in part *Glechoma hederacea L. GROUND-IVY, GILL-OVER-THE-GROUND [G. hederacea var. micrantha Moric.; var. parviflora (Benth.) House; Nepeta hederacea (L.) Trev.] Hedeoma Pers. Hedeoma hispidum Pursh MOCK-PENNYROYAL (H. hispida of authors) Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2S3 Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers. MOCK-PENNYROYAL 198 Hyssopus L. *Hyssopus officinalis L. HYSSOP Lamiastrum Heist. & Fabr. Synonym: Lamium L. in part *Lamiastrum gakobdolon (L.) Ehren. & Polatschek YELLOW ARCHANGEL [Lamium gakobdolon (L.) L.] Lamium L. *Lamium album L. SNOWFLAKE, WHITE DEAD-NETTLE *Lamium ampkxicauk L. HENBIT, DEAD-NETTLE *Lamium maculatum L. SPOTTED DEAD-NETTLE *Lamium purpureum L. PURPLE DEAD-NETTLE var. incisum (Willd.) Pers. (L. hybridum of authors, not Vill.) var. purpureum Lavandula L. I *Lavandula angustifolia Mill. ENGLISH LAVENDER (L. officinalis Chaix.) Leonurus L. *Leonurus cardiaca L. MOTHERWORT (L. glaucescens of NY reports, not Bunge ex Ledeb.) Ly copus L. Lycopus americanus Muhl. ex Bart. WATER-HOREHOUND, BUGLEWEED (L. americanus var. longii Benner) Lycopus ampkctens Raf. WATER-HOREHOUND, BUGLE-WEED (L. sessilifolius A. Gray) *Lycopus asper Greene WESTERN WATER-HOREHOUND [L. lucidus ssp. americanus (A. Gray) Hulten] 199 *Lycopus europaeus L. EUROPEAN WATER-HOREUOIJND [L. europaeus var. mollis (Kern.) Briq.] Lycopus rubellus Moench GYPSY-WORT, WATER-HOREHOUND, BUGLEWEED Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Lycopus uniJTorus Michx. WATER-HOREHOUND, BUGLE-WEED (L. membranaceous Bickn. ex Britt.) Lycopus virginicus L. WATER-HOREHOUND, BUGLE-WEED Marrubium L. *Marrubium vulgare L. HOREHOUND Melissa L. * Melissa officinalis L. BALM, LEMON-BALM Mentha L. *Mentha aquatica L. WATER-MlN'r \M. citrata Ehrh.; M. x piperita var. citrata (Ehrh.) Briq.] *Mentha aquatica x spicata = M. x piperita L. PEPPERMINT, BERGAMOT MINT *Mentha arvensis L. FIELD MINT {Mentha gentilis L.) * Mentha arvensis x spicata = M. x gracilis Sole RED MINT, SCOTCH MINT, SPOTTED MINT [M. X gentilis of authors, not L.; M. cardiaca Gerard ex Baker] Mentha canadensis L. FIELD MIN T [M. an’ensis ssp. haplocalyx Briq.; var. canadensis (L.) Briq.; var. glabrata (Benth.) Fern.; var. villosa (Benth.) Stewart; M. canadensis var. glabrata Benth. ex DC.; var. lanata Piper] *Mentha bngifolia (L.) Huds. HORSE-MiNT *Mentha bngifolia x suaveobns = M. x rotundifolia (L.) Huds. APPLE MINT, PINEAPPLE MINT 200 ^Mentha spicata L. SPEARMINT, CURLY mint [M. aquatica var. crispa (L.) Benth.; M crispa L.; M x piperita var. crispa (L.) Koch; M. viridis L.] *Mentha spicata x suaveolens = M. x villosa Huds. APPLE-SPEARMINT Moluccella L. 4 *Moluccella laevis L. mollucca-balm, seashells, bells-of-ireland Monarda L. ^*^Monarda clinopodia L. BASIL-BALM [M. fistulosa var. clinopodia (L.) Cooperrider] Monarda didyma L. BEE-BALM, OSWEGO tea Monarda fistulosa L. WILD BERGAMOT, HORSEMINT [ M. fistulosa var. mollis (L.) Benth.; M. mollis L.] Monarda media Willd. BEE-BALM, PURPLE BERGAMOT (M. X media of authors, not Willd.; M. fistulosa var. rubra A. Gray) Monarda punctata L. DOTTED HORSEMINT var. punctata var. villicaulis (Pennell) Shinners (M. punctata ssp. villicaulis Pennell) Nepeta L. *Nepeta cataria L. CATNIP, CATMINT 4 *Nepeta grandifiora Bieb. CATMINT 4 *Nepeta mussinii Spreng. ex Henckel catmint Ocimum L. 4 *Ocimum basilicum L. BASIL, SWEET-BASIL Origanum L. *Origanum vulgare L. MARJORAM, OREGANO 201 Perilla L. *Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. PERILLA [P. frutescens var. crispa (Benth.) Deane] Phlomis L. *Ph!omis tuberosa L. JERUSALEM SAGE, SAGE-MINT Physostegia Benth. Synonym: Dracocephalum L. in part Physostegia virginiana (L.) Benth. false dragonhead, obedient plant, LION’S-HEART [Dracocephalum speciosum Sweet; D. virginianum L.; D. formosius (Lunell) Rydb.; P. formosior Lunell] Prunella L. *Prunella laciniata (L.) L. SELF-HEAL *Prunella vulgaris L. SELF-HEAL, HEAL-ALL, PRUNELLA [P. vulgaris var. lanceolata (Bart.) Fern.] Pycnanthemum Michx. Synonym: Koellia Moench 4 Pycnanthemum clinopodioides Torrey & A. Gray MOUNTAIN-MINT [Koellia clinopodioides (Torrey & A. Gray) Kuntze; P. incanum x virginianum of authors] Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G2 SX Pycnanthemum incanum (L.) Michx. mountain-MINT [Koellia incana (L.) Kuntze] Pycnanthemum muticum (Michx.) Pers. MOUNTAIN-MINT [Koellia mutica (Michx.) Britt.] Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S3 Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Schrad. MOUNTAIN-MINT [Koellia flexuosa of NY reports, not (Walt.) MacM.; P. flexuosum of NY reports, not (Walt.) BSP.] 202 Pycnanthemum torrei Benth. TORREY’S mountain-MINT [Koellia torrei (Benth.) Kuntze] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G2 SI Pycnanthemum verticillatum (Michx.) Pars. MOUNTAIN-MINT *var. pilosum (Nutt.) Cooperrider [Koellia pilosa (Nutt.) Baillon; P. pilosum Nutt.] var. verticillatum [Koellia verticillata (Michx.) Kuntze] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: GST? SI Pycnanthemum virginianum (L.) Durieu & Jacks, ex Fern. & B. Robinson MOUNTAIN-MINT [Koellia virginiana (L.) Kuntze] Salvia L. 4 * Salvia argentea L. silver sage (5. sclarea of NY report, not L.) *Salvia azurea Lam. BLUE SAGE var. grandijlora Benth. (5. pitcheri Torrey ex Benth.) Salvia lyrata L. CANCER-WEED, LYRE-SAGE Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SH '^Salvia nemerosa L. WOODLAND SAGE (5. sylvestris of authors, not L.) 4 *Salvia nutans L. RUSSIAN SAGE *Salvia officinalis L. KITCHEN-SAGE, GARDEN-SAGE, *Salvia pratensis L. MEADOW-CLARY, MEADOW-SAGE 4 *Salvia reflexa Hornem. SAGE *Salvia verticillata L. LILAC-SAGE 203 Satureja L. Synonym: Satureia L. *Satureja hortensis L. SUMMER-SAVORY 4 *Satureja montana L. spanish-SAVORY Scutellaria L. 4 Scutellaria elliptica Muhl. ex Spreng. HAIRY SKULLCAP (5. pilosa Michx.) Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G5 SX Scutellaria galericulata L. hooded skullcap, common skullcap {S. X churchilliana of NY report, not Fern., S. epilobiifolia Hamilt.) Scutellaria incana Biehi. HOARY SKULLCAP (5. canescens Nutt.) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SH Scutellaria integrifolia L. HYSSOP SKULLCAP Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Scutellaria lateriflora L. COMMON SKULLCAP, MAi:)-DOG SKULLCAP 4 Scutellaria nervosa Pursh SKULLCAP (S. nerx’osa var. calvifolia Fern.) Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G5 SX Scutellaria parvula Michx. SMALL SKULLCAP var. australis Fassett [5. australis (Fassett) Epling] var. parvula [5. australis var. leonardii of NY reports, not (Epling) Fern.] 4 Scutellaria serrata Andrz. SKULLCAP Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G4G5 SX Stachys L. 4 *Stachys affinis Bunge CHOROGi, CHINESE artichoke, Japanese ARTICHOKE OR CABBAGE, KNOTROOT (5. sieboldii Miq.) 204 4 *Stachys annua (L.) L. HEDGE-NETTLE (REPORT ONLY) 4 *Stachys arvensis (L.) L. HEDGE-NETTLE (REPORT ONLY) *Stachys byzantina Koch WOOLLY HEDGE-NETTLE, LAMB’S-EARS (5. lanata Jacq., S. olympica of authors, not Poir.) 4 *Stachys grandijlora (Willd,) Benth. BETONY (REPORT ONLY) {Betonica grandiflora Willd.) Stachys hyssopifolia Michx. HEDGE-NETTLE, wound wort (5. aspera Michx.; S. atlantica Britt.; 5. grayana House; S. hyssopifolia var. ambigua A. Gray) Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2S3 4 *Stachys nuttallii Shuttlw. ex Benth. HEDGE-NETTLE (REPORT ONLY) (5. cordata Ridd.; S. riddellii House) 4 *Stachys officinalis (L.) Trev. BETONY {Betonica officinalis L.; Stachys betonica Benth.) *Stachys palustris L. WOUNDWORT (S. arenicola Britt.; S. palustris var. homotricha Fern.) 4 *Stachys sylvatica L. HEDGE-NETTLE (REPORT ONLY) Stachys tenuifolia Willd. CREEPING HEDGE-NETTLE [5. hispida Pursh; S. tenuifolia var. aspera (Michx.) Fern.; var. hispida (Pursh) Fern.; var. platyphylla Fern.] Teucrium L. *Teucrium botrys L. CUT-LEAF GERMANDER Teucrium canadense L. WILD GERMANDER, WOOD-SAGE var. canadense [T. canadense var. littorale (Bickn.) Fern.;var. virginicum (L.) Eaton; T. littorale Bickn.] var. occidentale (A. Gray) McClintock & Epling [T. occidentale A. Gray; T. canadense var. boreale (Bickn.) Shinners] Thymus L. * Thymus pulegioides L. WILD THYME, MOTHER-OF-THYME, LEMON-THYME (T. serpyllum of American authors, not L.) 205 * Thymus vulgaris L. THYME, GARDEN-l'HYME (REPORT ONLY) Trichostema L. Synonym: Isanthus Michx. Trichostema brachiatum L. FALSE PENNYROYAL [Isanthus brachiatus (L.) BSP.; I. coenileus Michx.] Trichostema dichotomum L. BASTARD-PENNYROYAL, BLUE-CURLS Trichostema setaceum Houtt. TINY BLUE-CURLS [T. dichotomum var. lineare (Walt.) Gleason; T. lineare Walt.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SH Order: Callitrichales HIPPURIDACEAE (MARE’S-TAIL FAMILY) Hippurus L. Hippuris vulgaris L. MARE’S-TAIL Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI CALLITRICHACEAE (WATER- STARWORT FAMILY) Callitriche L. Callitriche hermaphroditica L. WATER STARWORT (C. autumnalis L.) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SH Callitriche heterophylla Pursh WATER STARWORT (C. anceps Fern.) Callitriche palustris L. WATER-STARWORT (C. verna L.) ^Callitriche stagnalis Scop. water-CHICKWEED, water starwort Callitriche terrestris Raf. STAI^WORT, TERRESTRIAL STARWORT [C. oustinii Engelm.; C. deflexa A. Br. var. austinii (Engelm.) Hagelm.; var. deflexa] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI 206 Order: Plantaginales PLANTAGINACEAE (PLANTAIN FAMILY) Littorella Berg. Littorella uniflora (L.) Aschers, SHORE-GRASS, littorelea [L. americana Fern.; L. uniflora var. americana (Fern.) Gleason] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Plantago L. *Plantago aristata Michx. RAT-TAIL PLANTAIN, BRACTED PLANTAIN, western ripplegrass Plantago cordata Lam. HEARTLEAF PLANTAIN Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G3 S3 4 *PlantagO coronopus L. CUTLEAF PLANTAIN (REPORT ONLY) 4 *Plantago eriopoda Torrey SALT-PLANTAIN (REPORT ONLY) *PlantagO lanceolata L. BUCK-HORN PLANTAIN, RIB-GRASS, RIPPLEGRASS, RIBWORT, ENGLISH PLANTAIN (P. lanceolata var. sphaerostachya Mert. & Koeh) *PlantagO major L. COMMON PLANTAIN, DOORYARD PLANTAIN, BROAD- LEAF PLANTAIN, CAR(T)-TRACK PLANT, WHITE-MAN’S FOOT [P. major var. asiatica of authors, not (L.) Dene, ex DC.; var. intermedia (Gilib.) Dene, ex DC., not Pilger; var. pachyphila Pilger] Plantago maritima L. seaside plantain, SEASHORE PLANTAIN, SALTMARSH PLANTAIN ssp. juncoides (Lam.) Hult^n \P. gibbosa Raf.; P. juncoides Lam.; P. maritima var. jiincoides (Lam.) A. Gray; P. oliganthos R. & S.j Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5T5 S2 *PlantagO media L. DWARF plantain, HOARY PLANTAIN, LAMB’S-TONGUE 4 *Plantago patagonica .Jacq. PLANTAIN (P. purshii R. & S.) *PlantagO psyllium L. FLAXSEED PLANTAIN, FLEAWORT, PSYLLIUM (P. arenaria Waldst. & Kit.; P. indica L., a nomen illeg.) 207 *PlantagO pusilla Nutt. DWARF PLANTAIN, SLENDER PLANTAIN Plantago rugelii Dene. PALE plantain, grand plantain, rugel’S PLANTAIN, WHITE-MAN’S FOOT Plantago virginica L. HOARY PLANTAIN, PALE-SEEDED PLANTAIN Order: Scrophulariales BUDDLEJACEAE (BUTTERFLY-BUSH FAMILY) Buddleja L. *Buddleja davidii Franch. SUMMER LILAC, BUTTERFLY-BUSH, BUDDLEJA Polypremum L. 4 *Polypremum procumbens L. POLYPREMUM OLEACEAE (OLIVE FAMILY) Chionanthus L. *Chionanthus virginicus L. OLD-MAN'S-BEARD, FRINGE-TREE Forsythia Vahl I *Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl FORSYTHIA, GOLDEN-BELLS *Forsythia viridissima Lindl. FORSYTHIA, GOLDEN BELLS Fraxinus L. Fraxinus americana L. WHITE ASH, AMERICAN ASH (F. americana var. microcarpa A. Gray) 4 *Fraxinus excelsior L. EUROPEAN ASH Fraxinus nigra Marsh. BLACK ASH Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. RED ash, GREEN ash (F. lanceolata Borkh.; F. pubescens of American authors, not Lam.; F. quadrangulata of NY reports, not Michx.) 208 4 *Fraxinus profunda (Bush) Bush PUMPKIN ASH, RED ASH (REPORT ONLY) (F. michauxii Britt; F. tomentosa Michx. f.) Ligustrum L. *Ligustrum amurense Carr. AMUR PRIVET *Ligustrum obtusifolium Sieb. & Zucc. PRIVET *Ligustrum vulgare L. PRIVET, HEDGE-PRIVET, PRIM Syringa L. *Syringa vulgaris L. LILAC, PURPLE LILAC, WHITE LILAC SCROPHULARIACEAE (FIGWORT FAMILY) Agalinis Raf. Synonym: Gerardia Benth. Agalinis acuta Pennell SANDPLAIN GERARDIA, FALSE-FOXGLOVE [Gerardia acuta (Pennell) Pennell] Rarity Status: Federal Rank: E State: E TNC Rank: G1 SI Agalinis fasciculata (Ell.) Raf. gerardia [A. virgata Raf.; A. purpurea var. racemulosa (Pennell) Boivin; Gerardia purpurea var. racemulosa (Pennell) Gleason; G. racemulosa Pennell] Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G3G4 S3 Agalinis maritima (Raf.) Raf. SEASIDE GERARDIA, SALTMARSH GERARDIA {Gerardia maritima Raf.) Agalinis paupercula (A. Gray) Britt. FALSE-FOXGLOVE, GERARDIA var. borealis Pennell [Gerardia paupercula var. borealis (Pennell) Deam] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: GST? S3? var. paupercula [Gerardia paupercula (A. Gray) Britt.] Agalinis purpurea (L.) Pennell GERARDIA, FALSE-FOXGLOVE {Gerardia purpurea L.) 209 *Agalinis setacea (J. Gmel.) Raf. NEEDLE-LEAF GERARDIA, FALSE- FOXGLOVE [A. holmiana (Greene) Pennell; Gerardia setacea (Walt.) Gmel.] Agalinis tenuifolia (Vahl) Raf. GERARDIA, FALSE-FOXGLOVE var. macrophylla (Benth.) Blake [A. besseyana Britt, ex Britt. & Brown; Gerardia tenuifolia ssp. macrophylla (Benth.) Pennell] var. parviflora (Nutt.) Pennell {Gerardia tenuifolia var. parx’iflora Nutt.) var. tenuifolia {Gerardia tenuifolia Vahl) Antirrhinum L. Synonym: Misopates Raf. ^Antirrhinum majus L. SNAPDRAGON 4 ^Antirrhinum orontium L. LESSER SNAPDRAGON [Misopates orontium (L.) Raf.] Aureolaria Raf. Synonym: Gerardia Benth. in part Aureolaria flava (L.) Farw. YELLOW FALSE-FOXGLOVE var. flava [A. glauca (Eddy) Raf.; Gerardia flava L.] var. macrantha Pennell [Gerardia flava var. macrantha (Pennell) Fern.] Aureolaria pedicularia (L.) Raf. CUTLEAF FALSE-FOXGLOVE {A. pedicularia var. intercedens Pennell; Gerardia pedicularia L.) Aureolaria virginica (L.) Pennell DOWNY FALSE-FOXGLOVE [Gerardia virginica (L.) BSP.] Buchnera L. Buchnera americana L. BLUE-HEAliTS Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5? SH 210 Castilleja Mutis ex L. f. ^*^Castilleja coccinea (L.) Spreng. INDIAN-PAINTBRUSH, SCARLET PAINTBRUSH, PAINTED CUP Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Note: A rare native on the barrens of the northern Lake Plains only; also escaping cultivation widely elsewhere in NY. Chaenorrhinum (DC.) Reichenb. Synonym: Linaria Mill, in part * Chaenorrhinum minus (L.) Lange DWARF SNAPDRAGON [Linaria minus (L.) Desf.] Chelone L. Chelone glabra L. TURTLE-HEADS, BALMONY, SNAKE-HEADS (C. glabra var. dilatata Fern. & Wieg.; var. elatior Raf.) *Chelone lyonii Pursh RED TURTLE-HEADS Collinsia Nutt. Collinsia verna Nutt. BLUE-EYED-MARY, INNOCENCE Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SH Cymbalaria Hill Synonym: Linaria Mill, in part *Cymbalaria muralis Gaertn., Meyer & Sherb. KENILWORTH-IVY, COLISEUM-IVY [Linaria cymbalaria (L.) Mill.] Digitalis L. *Digitalis grandiflora Mill. YELLOW FOXGLOVE *Digitalis lanata Ehrh. GRECIAN FOXGLOVE *Digitalis lutea L. YELLOW foxglove *Digitalis purpurea L. PURPLE FOXGLOVE (D. purpurea var. alba Hort.) 211 Euphrasia L. *Euphrasia stricta Wolff ex Lehm. EYEBRIGHT {E. condensate Jord.; E. officinalis L.; E. rigidula Jord.) Gratiola L. Gratiola aurea Muhl. GOLDEN-PERT, GRATIOLA (G. lutea Raf.) Gratiola neglecta Torrey MUD-HYSSOP, HEDGE-HYSSOP (G. virginiana of some early NY reports, not L.) Kickxia Dumort. Synonym: Linaria Mill, in part *Kickxia elatine (L.) Dumort. CANKER-ROOT [Linaria elatine (L.) Mill.] 4 *Kickxia spuria (L.) Dumort. FLUELLIN [Linaria spuria (L.) Mill.] Leucospora Nutt. Synonym: Conohea Aubl. in part Leucospora multifida (Michx.) Nutt. LEUCOSPORA [Conobea multifida (Michx.) Benth.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Limosella L. Limosella australis R. Br. MUDWORT (L. aquatica of authors, not L.; L. subulate Ives) Linaria Mi]l. Synonym: Nuttallanthus D. Sutton Linaria canadensis (L.) Dumort. OLD-FIELD toadflax [Nuttallanthus canadensis (L.) D. Sutton] *Linaria dalmatica (L.) Mill. DALMATIAN TOADFLAX [L. genistifolia (L.) Mill. ssp. dalmatica (L.) Maire & Petit.] 212 =11= *Linaria maroccana Hooker f. MOROCCAN TOADFLAX *Linaria vulgaris Mill. BUTTER-AND-EGGS, WILD SNAPDRAGON, COMMON TOADFLAX, RAMSTEAD [L. linaria (L.) Karst.] Lindernia All. Synonyms: Gratiola L. in part; Ilysanthes Raf. Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell false-PIMPERNEL var. anagallidea (Michx.) Cooperrider [Gratiola anagallidea Michx.; G. inaequalis Walt.; Ilysanthes inaequalis (Walt.) Pennell; L. anagallidea (Michx.) Pennell] var. dubia [Gratiola dubia L.; Ilysanthes dubia (L.) Barnh.; L. dubia var. riparia (Raf.) Fern.; var. inundata (Pennell) Pennell; L. procumbens of authors, not (Krock.) Philcox; L. pixidaria of NY reports, not L.] Mazus Lour. *Mazus ntiquelii Makino MAZUS (M. reptans N. Brown) *Mazus pumilus (Burm. f.) Steenis mazus [M japonicus (Thunb.) Kuntze] Melampyrum L. Melampyrum lineare Desr. COW-WHEAT [M. lineare var. americanum (Michx.) Beauv.; var. latifolium Bart., not (Muhl.) Beauv.; var. pectinatum (Pennell) Fern.] Micranthemum Michx. Synonym: Hemianthus Nutt. =1!= Micranthemum micranthemoides (Nutt.) Wettst. MICRANTHEMUM {Hemianthus micranthemoides Nutt.) Rarity Status: Possibly Extinct State: U TNC Rank: GH SX 213 Mimulus L. Mimulus alatus Ait. WINGED MONKEYFLOWER *Mimulus guttatus Fisch. ex DC. MONKEYFLOWER (M. langsdorffii Donn ex Greene) *Mimulus moschatus Dougl. ex Lindl. MUSKFLOWER Mimulus ringens L. COMMON MONKEYFLOWER, PURPLE MONKEYFLOWER, ALLEGHENY MONKEYFLOWER Odontites Ludw. *Odontites vernus (Bellardi) Dumort. EYEBRIGHT, BARTSIA ssp. serotinus (Dumort.) Corb. [O. rubra Gilib.; O. serotina (Lam.) Dumort.] Orthocarpus Nutt. 4 *Orthocarpus bracteosus Benth. OWL’S-CLOVER Pedicularis L. Pedicuiaris canadensis L. LOUSEWORT, WOOD BETONY {P. canadensis var. dobbsii Fern.) Pedicularis lanceolata Michx. LOUSEWORT, WOOD-BETONY Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 Penstemon Mitchell ex Schmid. Synonym: Pentstemon of authors *Penstemon calycosus Small penstemon, BEARD-TONGUE [P. laevigatas Ait. var. calycosus (Small) Bennett] * Penstemon digitalis Nutt. FALSE-FOXGLOVE, BEARD-TONGUE [P. laevigatas of NY reports, not Ait.; P. penstemon of NY reports, not (L.) Britt.] Penstemon hirsutus (L.) Willd. PENSTEMON, BEARD-TONGUE Penstemon pallidus Small PALE penstemon, beard-TONGUE 214 *Penstemon tubiflorus Nutt, penstemon, beard-tongue {P. tubiflorus var. achoreus Fern.) Rhinanthus L. *Rhinanthus alectorobphus (Scop.) Pollich LARGE rattlebox (R. major L., a nomen ambiguum) * Rhinanthus minor L. YELLOW RATTLE, RATTLEBOX [R. borealis of NY reports, not (Stern.) Chab.; R. crista-galli L. in part; R. minor ssp. groenlandicus of NY reports, not (Ostenf.) Neum.] Note: Ours is the weedy, European ssp. minor, originally mistaken for native plants in the Adirondacks. Schwalbea L. 4 Schwalbea americana L. CHAFFSEED Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G2 SX Scrophularia L. I *Scrophularia auriculata L. SHORELINE FIGWORT (5. aquatica of NY reports, not L.; S. umbrosa of NY reports, not Dumort.) Scrophularia lanceolata Pursh HARE-FIGWORT Scrophularia marilandica L. CARPENTER’S-SQUARE, FIGWORT ^Scrophularia nodosa L. EUROPEAN FIGWORT Verbascum L. *Verbascum blattaria L. MOTH-MULLEIN *Verbascum lychnitis L. WHITE MULLEIN *Verbascum lychnitis x thapsus = V. x spurium Koch MULLEIN *Verbascum phlomoides L. MULLEIN 4 *Verbascum phoenecium L. MULLEIN 4 *Verbascum sinuatum L, MULLEIN 215 *Verbascum thapsus L. MULLEIN, MULE’S-EAR, FLANNEL-PLANT, DEVIL’S-TOBACCO, VELVET DOCK, MULLEIN-DOCK 4 *Verbascum virgatum Stokes MOTH-MULLEIN Veronica L. * Veronica agrestis L. FIELD speedwell Veronica americana (Raf.) Schwein. ex Benth. AMERICAN SPEEDWELL, AMERICAN BROOKLIME Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. WATER speedwell, brook pimpernell, WATER PIMPERNELL [V. anagallis L.; V. brittonii Porter ex Fennel; V. catenata Pennell; V. comosa Richter; V. connata of authors, not Raf.; V. cymbalaria of NY reports, not Bodard; V. glandulifera sensu House (1924), not Pennell or Freyn; V. salina of authors, not Shur] * Veronica arvensis L. CORN SPEEDWELL * Veronica austriaca L. BROADLEAF SPEEDWELL ssp. teucrium (L.) Webb (K latifolia L.; V. teucrium L.) * Veronica beccabunga L. BROOKLIME (K baxteri House) 4 * Veronica bibba L. SPEEDWELL (V. campylopoda Boiss.) * Veronica chamaedrys L. BIRD’S-EYE SPEEDWELL * Veronica dilbnii Crantz SPEEDWELL {V. verna of NY reports, not L.) ^Veronica jiliformis Sm. BIRD’S-EYE 4 * Veronica grandis Fisch. ex Spreng. HEARTLEAF SPEEDWELL (V. bachofenii Heuffel) *Veronica hederifolia L. IVY-LEAF SPEEDWELL *Veronica bngifolia L. SPEEDWELL (K maritima of American authors, not L.) 216 * Veronica officinalis L. SPEEDWELL, GYPSY- WEED Veronica peregrina L, NECKWEED, PURSLANE-SPEEDWELL ssp. peregrina ssp. xalapensis (Kunth) Pennell [V. peregrina var. xalapensis (Kunth) St. John & Warren] *Veronica persica Poir. BIRD’S-EYE, SPEEDWELL ^Veronica polita Fries SPEEDWELL (V. didyma Ten. in part) Veronica scutellata L. MARSH SPEEDWELL {V. scutellata var. villosa Schum.) ^Veronica serpyllifolia L. THYME-LEAF SPEEDWELL ssp, humifusa (Dicks, ex With.) Syme \V. humifusa Dicks, ex With.; V. serpyllifolia var. humifusa (Dicks, ex With.) Vahl; V. tenella All.] ssp. serpyllifolia Veronica spicata L. SPEEDWELL Veronicastrum Heister ex Fabr. Synonym: Veronica L. in part Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw. CULVER’S-ROOT (Veronica virginica L.) OROBANCHACEAE (BROOM-RAPE FAMILY) Conopholis Wailr. Synonym: Orobanche L. in part Conopholis americana (L.) Wallr, SQUAWROOT, cancer ROOT (Orobanche americana L.) Epifagus Nutt. Synonyms: Leptamnium Raf.; Orobanche L. in part Epifagus virginana (L.) Bartr. BEECH-DROPS, CANCER-ROOT, ALBANY BEECH-DROPS [Leptamnium virginianum (L.) Raf.; Orobanche virginiana L.] 217 Orobanche L. Synonyms: Aphyllon Mitchell; Thalesia Raf. *Orobanche minor Sm. ex Sowerby BROOM-RAPE Orobanche unifbra L. ONE-FLOWERED CANCER-ROOT [Aphyllon uniflorum (L.) Torrey & A. Gray ex A. Gray; Thalesia uniflora (L.) Britt.] ACANTHACEAE (ACANTHUS FAMILY) Justicia L. Synonym: Dianthera L. in part Justicia americana (L.) Vahl WATER-WILLOW, wiLLOW-WEED {Dianthera americana L.) PEDALIACEAE (SESAME FAMILY) Proboscidea Schmid. Synonym: Martynia L. *Proboscidea louisiana (Mill.) Woot. & Standi. UNICORN-PLANT, PROBOSCIS-FLOWER, RAM’S-HORN, ELEPHANT’S-TRUNK {Martynia louisiana Mill.; P. louisianica sensu Thell.) Sesamum L. 4 *Sesamum indicum L. SESAME (5. orientale L.) BIGNONIACEAE (BIGNONIA FAMILY) Campsis Lour. Synonyms: Bignonia L. in part; Tecoma Juss. *Campsis radicans (L.) Seem, ex Bureau TRUMPET-CREEPER, TRUMPET- VINE, COW-ITCH, TRUMPET-FLOWER [Bignonia radicans L.; Tecoma radicans (L.) Juss.] 218 Catalpa Scop. *Catalpa bignonioides Wait. CATALPA, CATAWBA, INDIAN-BEAN [C. catalpa (L.) Karst.] *Catalpa ovata G. Don CHINESE catalpa *Catalpa speciosa (Warder ex Barney) Engelm. CATALPA, indian-BEAN, CATAWBA, CIGAR-TREE Paulownia Sieb. & Zucc. *Paubwnia tomentosa (Thunb.) Sieb. & Zucc. ex Steud. PRINCESS-TREE, EMPRESS TREE, KARRI TREE, PAULOWNIA LENTIBULARIACEAE (BLADDERWORT FAMILY) Pinguicula L. Pinguicula vulgaris L. BUTTERWORT, BOG-VIOLET Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 Utricularia L. Utricularia cornuta Micbx. HORNED BLADDERWORT Utricularia fibrosa Walt. FIBROUS BLADDERWORT Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G4G5 S2 Utricularia geminiscapa Benj. BLADDERWORT (U. clandestina Nutt, ex A. Gray) Utricularia gibba L. CONE-SPUR BLADDERWORT {U. biflora Lam.; U. pumila Walt.) Utricularia inflata Wait. LARGE FLOATING BLADDERWORT Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Utricularia intermedia Hayne MILFOIL BLADDERWORT Utricularia juncea VabI RUSH BLADDERWORT (U. virgatula Barnh.) Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 219 Utricularia macrorhiza LeConte COMMON BLADDERWORT {U. vulgaris of American authors, not L.) Utricularia minor L. LESSER BLADDERWORT Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S3 Utricularia ochroleuca Hartm. BLADDERWORT (U. intermedia x minor; U. occidentalis A. Gray) Utricularia purpurea Walt. PURPLE BLADDERWORT Utricularia radiata Small SMALL FLOATING BLADDERWORT [U. inflata ssp. radiata (Small) Stone; U. inflata var. minor Chapm.] Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G4 S2 Utricularia resupinata B. Greene ex Bigel. BLADDERWORT Utricularia subulata L. BLADDERWORT \U. cleistogama (A. Gray) Britt.] Order: Campanulales CAMPANULACEAE (BLUEBELL FAMILY) Campanula L. Synonym: Campanulastnim Small Campanula americana L. TALL BELLFLOWER [Campanulastnim americanum (L.) Small] Campanula aparinoides Pursh MARSH BELLFLOWER [C. aparinoides var. grandiflora Holz; var. uliginosa (Rydb.) Gleason; C. uliginosa Rydb.] ^Campanula glomerata L. CLUSTERED BELLFLOWER 4 *Campanula patula L. BELLFLOWER *Campanula persicifolia L. willow bellflower, peaci I-BELLS ^Campanula rapuncuhides L. creeping bellflower, roving BELLFLOWER [C. rapunculoides var. ucranica (Bess.) Koch] 220 Campanula rotundifolia L. HAREBELL, BLUEBELL *Campanula trachelium L. NETTLE-LEAF BELLFLOWER, THROATWORT Jasione L. *Jasione montana L. sheep’S-BIT Lobelia L. Lobelia cardinalis L. cardinal-FLOWER, INDIAN-PINK Lobelia dortmanna L. WATER LOBELIA, WATER GLADIOLE Lobelia injlata L. INDIAN-TOBACCO Lobelia kalmii L. kalm’S lobelia, brook lobelia Lobelia nuttallii R. & S. NUTTALL’S LOBELIA Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G4G5 S3 Lobelia siphilitica L. GREAT LOBELIA, BLUE CARDINALFLOWER Lobelia spicata Lam. PALE-SPIKED LOBELIA Platycodon A. DC. *Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A. DC. BALLOON-FLOWER (P. grandiflomm of authors) Triodanis Raf. Synonym: Specularia Heist, ex Fabr. Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl. VENUS’ LOOKING-GLASS *var. biflora (Ruiz & Pav6n) Bradley [Specularia biflora (Ruiz & Pav6n) Fisch. & Meyer; T. biflora (Ruiz & Pav6n) Greene] var. perfoliata [Specularia perfoliata (L.) A. DC.] 221 Order: Rubiales RUBIACEAE (MADDER FAMILY) Asperula L. Synonym: Galium L. in part 4 *Asperula arvensis L. WOODRUFF [A. glauca of NY reports, not (L.) Bess.; Galium glaucum of NY reports, not L.] Cephalanthus L. Cephalanthus occidentalis L. BUTTONBUSH Cruciata Mill. Synonym: Galium L. in part *Cruciata laevipes Opiz CLEAVERS [Galium cruciata (L.) Scop.] *Cruciata pedemontana (Bellardi) Ehrend. CLEAVERS, BEDSTRAW [Galium pedemontanum (Bellardi) All.] Diodia L. Diodia teres Walt. BUTTON WEED Galium L. Synonym: Asperula L. in part Galium aparine L. BEDSTRAW, CLEAVERS, GOOSEGRASS *Galium aristatum L. FALSE babY’S-BREATH Galium asprellum Michx. rough BEDSTRAW Galium boreak L. NORTHERN BEDSTRAW Galium circaezans Michx. WILD-LICORICE var. circaezans (G. circaezans var. glabrum Britt.) var. hypomalacum Fern. 222 Galium concinnum Torrey & A. Gray SHINING BEDSTRAW Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SH Galium kamtschaticum Steller ex Schultes & Schultes northern wild- LICORICE Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Galium labradoricum (Wieg.) Wieg. BEDSTRAW, CLEAVERS Galium lanceolatum Torrey WILD-LICORICE *Galium mollugo L. WHITE BEDSTRAW, false BABY’S-BREATH, adder (G. erectum Huds.) Galium mollugo x verum = G. x ochroleucum Wolff ex Schweigg. PALE YELLOW BEDSTRAW (G. alba x verum = G. x pomeranicum of recent authors, not Retz.) Galium obtusum Bigel. marsh BEDSTRAW, CLEAVERS *Galium odoratum (L.) Scop, woodruff, SWEET WHITE woodruff (Asperula odorata L.) Galium palustre L. DITCH BEDSTRAW, MARSH BEDSTRAW Galium pilosum Ait. BEDSTRAW, CLEAVERS *Galium sylvaticum L. SCOTCH-MIST, BABY’S-BREATH Galium tinctorium (L.) Scop. BEDSTRAW, CLEAVERS [G. claytonii Michx.; G. trifidum var. tinctorium (L.) Torrey & A. Gray] 4 *Galium tricornutum Dandy SMALL BEDSTRAW (G. tricorne Stokes in part) Galium trifidum L. SMALL BEDSTRAW, CLEAVERS ssp. subbiflorum (Wieg.) Puff [G. brandegei A. Gray in part; G. tinctorium var. subbiflorum (Wieg.) Fern.] ssp. trifidum (G. brandegei A. Gray in part; G. brevipes Fern. & Wieg.) Galium triflorum Michx. SWEET SCENTED BEDSTRAW (G. triflorum var. asprelliforme Fern.) 223 Galium verum L BEDSTRAW ssp. verum ssp. wirtgenii (Schultz) Oborny (G. wirtgenii Schultz) YELLOW BEDSTRAW, GOLDEN BEDSTRAW, OUR LADY’S Houstonia L. Synonym: Hedyotis L. in part Houstonia caerulea L. BLUETS, QUAKER-ladies, innocence {Hedyotis caerulea (L.) Hooker] Houstonia longifoUa Gaertn. PALE BLUETS [Hedyotis longifoUa (Gaertn.) Hooker; Houstonia canadensis of NY reports, not Willd. ex R. & S.] Houstonia purpurea L, PURPLE BLUETS. SOUTHERN BLUETS var. calycosa (Shuttlew. ex A. Gray) Fosberg [Hedyotis lanceolata Poir.; H. purpurea var. calycosa (Shuttlew. ex A. Gray) Fosburg; Houstonia lanceolata (Poir.) Britt.; H. purpurea var. calycosa Shuttlew. ex A. Gray] Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G5T5 SH var. purpurea [Hedyotis purpurea (L.) Torrey & A. Gray] Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G5T5 SH Mitchella L. Mitchella repens L. PARTRIDGE-BERRY, TWINBERRY, RUNNING BOX, TWO- EYED BERRY, MITCHELLA Oldenlandia L. Synonym: Hedyotis L. in part Oldenlandia uniflora L. CLUSTERED bluets [Hedyotis uniflora (L.) Lam.] Rarity Status: State: T TNG Rank: G5 SI 224 Rubia L. 4 *Rubia tinctorum L. MADDER {R. tinctoria of authors) Sherardia L. *Sherardia arvensis L. FIELD-MADDER CAPRIFOLIACEAE (HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY) Diervilla Mill. Synonym: Lonicera L. in part Diervilla lonicera Mill. BUSH HONEYSUCKLE [D. diervilla (L.) MacM.; Lonicera diennlla L.] Linnaea L. Linnaea borealis L. TWINFLOWER, LINNAEA ssp. bngijlora (Torrey) Hult6n [L. borealis ssp. americana (Forbes) Hult6n; var. americana (Forbes) Rehd.; var. longifoUa Torrey] Lonicera L. Lonicera canadensis Bartr. FLY HONEYSUCKLE *Lonicera caprifolium L. ITALIAN WOODBINE Lonicera dioica L. WILD HONEYSUCKLE, MOUNTAIN HONEYSUCKLE var. dioica var. glaucescens (Rydb.) Butters (L. glaucescens Rydb.) *Lonicera fragrantissima Lindl. & Paxt. WINTER HONEYSUCKLE Lonicera hirsuta Eaton hairy honeysuckle (L. hirsuta var. interior Gleason) *Lonicera japonica Thunb. JAPANESE HONEYSUCKLE, GOLD-AND-SILVER- FLOWER *Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Maxim. HONEYSUCKLE 225 *Lonicera morrowii A. Gray FLY HONEYSUCKLE *Lonicera morrowii x tatarica = L. x bella Zabel FLY- HONEYSUCKLE Lonicera oblongifolia (Goldie) Hooker SWAMP FLY HONEYSUCKLE [L. oblongifolia var. altissima (Jennings) Rebel.] *Lonicera prolifera (Kirchn.) Rehd. GRAPE HONEYSUCKLE *Lonicera ruprechtiana Regel. MANCHURIAN HONEYSUCKLE 4 *Lonicera ruprechtiana x tatarica = L. x notha Zabel HONEYSUCKLE Lonicera sempervirens L. TRUMPET HONEYSUCKLE, RED honeysuckle (L. semperx’irens var. minor Ait.) 4 *Lonicera standishii Jacques honeysuckle *Lonicera tatarica L. TARTARIAN HONEYSUCKLE *Lonicera tatarica x xylosteum = L. x xylosteoides Tausch. fly I lONEYSUCKLE Lonicera vilbsa (Michx.) R. & S. WATERBERRY, MOUNTAIN FLY HONEYSUCKLE, NORTHERN FLY I lONEYSUCKLE (L. caerulea of NY reports, not L.; L. villosa var. tonsa Fern.) *Lonicera xylosteum L. FLY HONEYSUCKLE, EUROPEAN FLY HONEYSUCKLE Sambucus L. Sambucus canadensis L. BLACK ELDERBERRY, COMMON ELDER *SambucUS ebulus L. DWARF ELDERBERRY, DANEWORT *Sambucus racemosa L. RED ELDERBERRY, stinking ELDERBERRY ssp. pubens (Michx.) House [5. pubens Michx.; S. racemosa var. leucocarpa (Torrey & A. Gray) Cronq.j Symphoricarpos Duham. Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake SNOWBERRY var. albus var. laevigatus (Fern.) Blake 226 *Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hooker wolfberry *Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench CORALBERRY, INDIAN-CURRANT [5. symphoricarpos (L.) MacM.] Triosteum L. I Triosteum angustifolium L. FEVERWORT, HORSE-GENTIAN Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G5 SX Triosteum aurantiacum Bickn. wild COFFEE, HORSE-GENTIAN [T. perfoliatum var. aurantiacum (Bickn.) Wieg.; var. glaucescens (Wieg.) Wieg.] Triosteum perfoliatum L. TINKER’S-WEED, WILD COFFEE, FEVERWORT Viburnum L. Viburnum acerifolium L. MAPLE-LEAF viburnum, arrowwood, DOCKMACKIE, PURPLE-LEAF VIBURNUM Viburnum dentatum L. SOUTHERN ARROWWOOD var. lucidum Ait. (K recognitum Fern.) var. venosum (Britt.) Gleason [V. dentatum var. pubescens Ait.; V. pubescens (Ait.) Pursh] Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5T4? S2 *Viburnum dilatatum Thunb. VIBURNUM Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf. squashberry, mooseberry Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 * Viburnum lantana L. WAYFARING TREE, TWISTWOOD, LANTANA Viburnum lantanoides Michx. hobblebush, witch-hobble, moosewood, TANGLEWOOD {V. alnifolium Marsh.) Viburnum lentago L. sheepberry, sweetberry, nannyberry, black HAW, COWBERRY, WILD RAISIN, WILD TEA (K lentago var. sphaerocarpum A. Gray) ^Viburnum molle Michx. BLACK ALDER, POISON HAW 227 Viburnum nudum L. POSSOM-MAW, SWAMP-FIAW, withe-ROD, APPALACHIAN TEA, SWAMP-HAW, TEABERRY var. cassinoides (L.) Torrey & A, Gray WILD RAISIN (V. cassinoides L.) var. nudum SMOOTH WITHE-ROD Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Viburnum opulus L. CRANBERRY-BUSH, CRANBERRY-TREE, GROUSE-BERRY, PIMBINA var. americanum Ait. HIGHBUSH CRANBERRY, SQUAWBUSH [V. eradiatum (Oakes) House; V. trilobum Marsh.] *var. opulus SNOWB ALL-TREE, GUELDER ROSE * Viburnum plicatum Thunb. JAPANESE SNOWBALL {V. tomentosum Thunb.) Viburnum prunifolium L. BLACK-HAW, SWEET-HAW, STAGBUSH Viburnum rafinesquianum Schultes DOWNY ARROWWOOD [V. affine Bush ex Schneider; V. rafinesquianum var. affine (Bush ex Schneid.) House] * Viburnum rhytidophyllum Helms. CHINESE VIBURNUM * Viburnum setigerum Hance TEA VIBURNUM * Viburnum sieboldii Miq. JAPANESE VIBURNUM Weigela Thunb. Synonym: Weigelia Pers. * Weigela floribunda (Sieb. & Zucc.) Koch weigela, florjbunda ADOXACEAE (MOSCHATEL FAMILY) Adoxa L. Adoxa moschatellina L. MOSCHATEL Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 SI VALERIANACEAE (VALERIAN FAMILY) Valeriana L. * Valeriana officinalis L. COMMON VALERIAN, GARDEN HELIOTROPE 228 Valeriana uliginosa Rydb. ex Britt MARSH VALERIAN, SWAMP VALERIAN [V. sitchensis Bong. ssp. uliginosa (Torrey & A. Gray) Meyer] Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G4G5T4 S3 Valerianella Mill. Valerianella chenopodifolia (Pursh) DC. GOOSEFOOT CORN-SALAD [V. radiata of NY reports in part, not (L.) Dufr.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI *Valerianella bcusta (L.) Laterr. CORN-SALAD, lamb’S-lettuce [K olitoria (L.) Poll.] Valerianella umbilicata (Sulliv.) Wood CORN-SALAD [V. intermedia Dyal; V. radiata of NY reports in part, not (L.) Dufr.; V. radiata var. intermedia (Dyal) Gleason; V. woodsiana (Torrey & A. Gray) Walp.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G3G5 SH Order: Dipsacales DIPSACACEAE (TEASEL EAMILY) Dipsacus L. *Dipsacus fullonum L. COMMON TEASEL, FULLER’S TEASEL, WILD TEASEL (D. sylvestris Huds.) *Dipsacus laciniatus L. TEASEL ^Dipsacus sativus (L.) Honckn. FULLER’S TEASEL, WILD TEASEL {D.fidlonum of some authors, not L.) Knautia L. Synonym: Scabiosa L. in part *Knautia arvensis (L.) Coulter BLUE-BUTTONS (Scabiosa arvensis L.) Scabiosa L. ^Scabiosa columbaria L. PINCUSHION FLOWER, SCABIOUS 229 Succisella G. Beck Synonyms: Scabiosa L. in part; Succisa Haller *Succisella inflexa (KJuk) Beck DEVIL’S-BIT [Scabiosa australis Wulf.; Succisa australis (Wulf.) Reichenb.] Order: Asterales ASTERACEAE (ASTER FAMILY) Acanthospermum Schrank *Acanthospermum humik (Sw.) DC. ACANTHOSPERMUM 4 * Acanthospermum xanthioides DC. ACANTHOSPERMUM (REPORT ONLY) Achillea L. 4 *Achilka ageratum L. SWEET YARROW *Achilka filipendulina Lam. FERN-LEAF YARROW {A. eupatorium Bieb.) 4 *Achilka ligustica All. YARROW (REPORT ONLY) *Achilka milkfolium L. COMMON YARROW, MILFOIL var. milkfolium var. nigrescens Meyer [A. nigrescens (Meyer) Rydb.] var. occidentalis DC. [A. asplenifolia of authors, not Vent.; A. millefolium ssp. lanulosa (Nutt.) Piper; y4. lanulosa Nutt; A occidentalis (DC.) Raf. ex Rydb.] *Achilka ptarmica L. SNEEZEWEED Ambrosia L. Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. RAGWEED, HOGWEED, BITTERWEED [A. artemisiifolia var. elatior (L.) Descourt.; var. paniculata (Michx.) Blank.; A. elatior L. var. artemisiifolia (L.) House] Ambrosia artemisiifolia x trifida = A. x heknae Rouleau RAGWEED Ambrosia bidentata Michx. RAGWEED 230 * Ambrosia coronopifolia Torrey & A. Gray RAGWEED [A. psilostachya DC. var. coronopifolia (Torrey & A. Gray) Farw.] Ambrosia trifida L, GIANT RAGWEED, GREAT RAGWEED, BUFFALO-WEED Anaphalis DC. Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth. & Hooker f. ex Clarke PEARLY- EVERLASTING Antennaria Gaertn. Antennaria neglecta Greene EVERLASTING, PUSSY'S-TOES [A. canadensis Greene; A. grandis (Fern.) House; A. howellii Greene; ssp. canadensis (Greene) Bayer; ssp. petaloidea (Fern.) Bayer; A. neglecta ssp. neodioica (Greene) Bayer; var. attenuata (Fern.) Cronq.; var. howellii (Greene) Cronq.; var. randii (Fern.) Cronq.; var. simplex Peck; A. neodioica Greene; ssp. petaloidea (Fern.) Bayer & Stebbins; var. chlorophylla Fern.; A. oneidica Greene; A. petaloidea Fern.; var. novaboracensis Fern.; A. randii Fern.; A. virginica of New York reports, not Stebbins] Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Richards. EVERLASTING, PUSSY’S-TOES, LADY’S TOBACCO [A. arnoglossa Greene; A. brainerdii Fern.; A. fallax Greene; var. ambigens (Greene) Fern.; A. nninda Fern.; A. occidentalis Greene; A. parlinii Fern.; ssp. fallax (Greene) Bayer & Stebbins; A. petiolata Fern.; A. plantaginifolia var. ambigens (Greene) Cronq.; var. arnoglossa (Greene) Cronq.; var. petiolata (Fern.) Heller; A. solitaria Rydb.j Anthemis L. Synonyms: Chamemelnm Adans.; Mariita DC.; Cota Gay ex Guss. * Anthemis arvensis L. CORN-CFiAiviOiviiLE [A. arvensis var. agrestis (Wallr.) DC.; Chamemelnm arvense (L.) Schreb.] * Anthemis cotula L. MAYWEED, STINKING CHAMOMILE. STINKWEED, DOGWEED [Maruta cotula (L.) DC.] *Anthemis tinctoria L. yellow CHAMOMILE, DYER’S chamomile [Chamemelum tinctorium (L.) Schreb.; Cota tinctoria (L.) Gay] Arctium L. * Arctium lappa L. BURDOCK, GREAT BURDOCK *Arctium minus (Iliil) Bernh. COMMON BURDOCK, GREAT BURDOCK (A. nemorosum of authors, not Lej. & Court.) *Arctium tomentosum Mill. BURDOCK *Arctium vulgare (Hill) Evans BURDOCK (A. nemorosum Lej. & Court.) Arnica L. Arnica lanceolata Nutt. ARNICA {A. mollis of NY reports, not Hooker; A. mollis var. petiolaris Fern.) Rarity Status State: E TNC Rank: G3 SI Arnoseris Gaertn. 4 *Arnoseris minima (L.) Schweig. & Koerte LAMB-SUCCORY {Hyoseris minima L.) Artemisia L. * Artemisia abrotanum L. SOUTHERNWOOD, OLD-MAN {A. procera Willd.) *Artemisia absinthium L. ABSINTHE, WORMWOOD, ABSINTHIUM * Artemisia annua L. sweet wormwood *Artemisia biennis Willd. SAGE-WEED Artemisia campestris L. WILD SAGE, TALL WORMWOOD ssp. borealis (Pallas) Hall & Clem. [A. borealis Pallas; A. campestris ssp. canadensis (Michx.) Seoggan; var. canadensis (Michx.) Welsh] ssp. caudata (Michx.) Hall & Clem. {A. caudata Michx.) 4 *Artemisia carruthii Wood ex Carruthers SAGE, KANSAS WORMWOOD 232 *Artemisia dracunculus L. TARRAGON, ESTRAGON ssp. dracunculus ssp. glauca (Pallas ex Willd.) Hall & Clem. {A. glauca Pallas ex Willd.) =jj= *Artemisia filifolia Torrey SAND-SAGE * Artemisia frigida Willd. PRAIRIE SAGEWORT *Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. WHITE SAGE, WESTERN mugwort, CUDWEED ssp. albula (Woot.) Keck {A. albula Woot.) ssp. ludoviciana {A. gnaphaloides Nutt.) 4 *Artemisia pontica L. ROMAN WORMWOOD * Artemisia serrata Nutt. WESTERN MUGWORT *Artemisia stelleriana Besser DUSTY-MILLER, old-WOMAN, BEACH WORMWOOD 4 *Artemisia tripartita Rydb. SAGE {A. trifida Nutt.) *Artemisia umbelliformis Lam. ALPINE WORMWOOD (A. laxa Fritsch) ’^Artemisia vulgaris L. FELON-HERB Aster L. Synonyms: Doellingeria Nees; lonactis Greene; Lasallea Greene; Sericocarpus Nees; Symphotrichum Nees; Virgulus Raf. Aster acuminatus Michx. MOUNTAIN ASTER, WOOD ASTER, whorled ASTER Aster acuminatus x nemoralis = A. y. blakei (Porter) House ASTER Aster borealis (Torrey & A. Gray) Prov. RUSH ASTER, BOG ASTER [A. junciformis Rydb.; Symphotrichum boreale (Torrey & A. Gray) A. & D. Love] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 S2 233 Aster borealis x lanceolatus Willd. ASTER [A. borealis x simplex-, A. x lanceolatus of authors, not Willd.; A. simplex var. ramosissimus of authors, not (Torrey & A. Gray) Cronq.] Aster ciliolatus Lindl. ASTER [A. lindleyanus Torrey & A. Gray; Symphotrichum ciliolatum (Lindl.) A. & D. Love] Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G5 SI Aster concolor L. SILVERY ASTER [Virgulus concolor (L.) Reveal & Keener] Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G4? SI Aster cordifolius L. BLUE WOOD ASTER (Aster cordifolius var. polycephalus Porter; var. racemiflonis Fern.) Aster divaricatus L. WHITE WOOD ASTER (A. carmesinus Burgess ex Britt. & Brown; A. castaneus Burgess ex Small; A. claytonii Burgess; A. olivaceus Burgess; A. scutiformis Burgess; A. tenebrosus Burgess) Aster dumosus L. RICE-BUTTON ASTER, BUSHY ASTER [A. dumosus var. coridifolius (Michx.) T. & G.; var. strictior Torrey & A. Gray] Aster ericoides L. WHITE WREATH ASTER, HEATH ASTER [A. ericoides var. prostratus (Kuntze) Blake; A. multiflorus Ait.; var. exiguus Fern.; Lasallea ericoides (L.) Semple & Brouillet; Virgidus ericoides (L.) Reveal] Aster ericoides x novae-angliae = A. x amethystinus Nutt. AMETHYST WREATH ASTER Aster infirmus Michx. CORNEL-LEAVED ASTER [Doellingeria infirma (Miehx.) Greene] Aster laevis L. SMOOTH BLUE ASTER var. concinnus (Willd.) House [A. concinnus Willd.; A. laevis var. concinnus (Porter) House] var. laevis (A. laevis var. amplifolius Porter) 234 Aster lanceolatus Willd. TALL WHITE ASTER var. interior (Wieg.) Semple & Chmiel. [A. interior Wieg.; A. lanceolatus x tradescantii of authors; A. simplex var. interior (Wieg.) Cronq.] var. lanceolatus (A. paniculatus Lam.) var. simplex (Willd.) A. Jones {A. simplex Willd.) Aster lanceolatus x puniceus ASTER (REPORT ONLY) (A. puniceus x simplex) Aster laterijlorus (L.) Britt. CALICO ASTER var. hirsuticaulis (Lindl. ex DC.) Porter [A. hirsuticaulis (Lindl. ex DC.; A. tradescantii L.; var. saxatilis (Fern.) House] var. laterijlorus [A. laterijlorus var. angustifolius Wieg.; var. horizontalis (Desf.) Farw.; Solidago laterijlora L.; Symphotrichum laterijlorum (L.) A. & D. Love] Aster laterijlorus x pilosus ASTER Aster laterijlorus x puniceus ASTER (REPORT ONLY) Aster linariijolius L. STIFF-LEAF ASTER [lonactis linariifolius (L.) Greene] Aster bngijolius Lam. LONG-LEAF BOG ASTER (A. eminens Willd.; A. junceus Ait.; A. salicifolius Willd. not Lam.) Aster lowrieanus Porter LOWRIE’S ASTER [A. cordifolius var. incisus Britt.; var. laevigatus Porter; var. lanceolatus Porter; A. lowrieanus var. incisus (Britt.) Porter; var. lanceolatus Porter; A. plumarius Burgess ex Britt. & Brown] Aster macrophyllus L. BIGLEAF ASTER var. ianthinus (Burgess ex Britt. & Brown) Fern. (A. ianthinus Burgess ex Britt. & Brown; A. multiformis Burgess ex Britt. & Brown; A. nobilis of NY reports, not Burgess) var. macrophyllus (A. roscidus Burgess ex Britt. & Brown; A. violaris Burgess ex Britt. & Brown) Aster macrophyllus x spectabilis = A. x herveyi A. Gray ASTER 235 Aster nemoralis Ait. BOG ASTER Aster novae-angliae L. NEW ENGLAND ASTER [Lasallea novae-angliae (L.) Semple & Brouillet; Virgulus novae- angliae (L.) Reveal & Keener] Aster novi-belgii L. NEW YORK ASTER var. novi-belgii [A. novi-belgii var. elodes (Torrey & A. Gray) A. Gray; var. laevigatas (Lam.) A. Gray; var. litoreus A. Gray; var. villicaulis (A. Gray) Boivin] \ ar. tardijiorus (L.) A. Jones [A. crenifolias (Fern.) Cronq.; .4. tardifloms L.] Aster ontarionis Wieg. ONTARIO ASTER Aster oolentangiensis Ridd. SKY-BLUE ASTER {A. azureus Lindl. ex Hooker; A. shortii of NY reports, not Lindl.) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Aster patens Ait. LATE PURPLE ASTER \A. patens vax. phlogifolius oi NY reports, not (Muhl.) Nees] Aster paternus Cronq. WHITE-TOPPED ASTER [Conyza asteroides L.; Sericocarpus asteroides (L.) BSP.] Aster pilosm Willd. HEATH ASTER var. pilosus (A. ericoides of s,ome. authors, not L.) \ar. pringlei (A. Gray) Blake [A. ericoides var. pringlei A. Gray; A. faxonii Porter; A. pilosus var. demotus Blake; A. pringlei {A. Gray) Britt, ex Britt. & Brown] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4G5 SI Aster praealtus Poir. WILLOW ASTER {A. longifolius of some NY reports, not Lam.; /I. salicifolius Ait., r\ot Lam.) Aster prenanthoides Muhl, ex Willd. ZIG-ZAG ASTER, CROOKSTEM ASTER {A. prenanthoides var. porrectifolius Porter) Aster puniceus L. PURPLE-STEMMED ASTER var. firmus (Nees) Torrey & A. Gray CORNEL-LEAF ASTER [A. firmus Nees; A. lucidulus (A. Gray) Wieg.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5T5 SI? 236 var. puniceus [A. puniceus var. conipactus Fern.; var. demissus Lincll.; Symphotrichum puniceum (L.) A. & D. Love] Aster racemosus Ell. SMALL WHITE ASTER [A. vimineus of authors, not Lam.; A. lateriflorus of authors, not (L.) Britt.] Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 Aster radula Ait. SWAMP ASTER, ROUGH ASTER Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SH Aster sagittifolius Wedem. ex Willd. ARROW-LEAF ASTER [A. cordifolius var. sagittifolius (Wedem. ex Willd.) A. Jones; A. urophyllus of NY reports, not Lindl., fide A. Cronquist, who saw the type specimens] Aster schreberi Nees LARGE-LEAF ASTER, SCHREBER’S ASTER [A. curvescens Burgess ex Britt. & Brown; A. glomeratus (Bernh. ex Nees) Burgess ex Britt. & Brown] Aster solidagineus Michx. FLAX-LEAF WHITE-TOP [Sericocarpus linifolius (L.) BSP.] Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 Aster spectabilis Ait. SHOWY ASTER {A. spectabilis var. cinerascens Blake) Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S1S3? Aster subulatus Michx. SALTMARSH ASTER (A. subulatus var. euroauster Fern. & Grisc.) Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S1S3? Aster tenuifolius L. SLENDER SALTMARSH ASTER Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 S1S3? 4 *Aster tripolinum L. TRIPOLI ASTER Aster umbellatus Mill. FLAT-TOP WHITE ASTER, PEEWEE DAISY var. latifolius A. Gray [A. umbellatus var. pubens of NY reports, not A. Gray; A. sericocarpoides (Small) Schum.; Doellingeria umbellata var. latifolia (A. Gray) House; var. pubens of reports, not (A. Gray) House] var. umbellatus [Doellingeria umbellata (Mill.) Nees; var. oneidica House; var. flexicaulis House] 237 Aster undulatm L. wavy-LEAF ASTER {A. undulatus var. loriformis Burgess ex Britt. & Brown) Baccharis L. Baccharis halimifoUa L. GROUNDSEL-TREE, SEA-MYRTLE (B. halimifoUa var. angustior DC.) Balsamita Mill. Synonyms: Chrysanthemum L. in part; Tanacetum L. in part *Balsamita major Desf. COSTMARY, MINT GERANIUM [Chrysanthemum balsamita (L.) Baill.; Tanacetum balsamita L.] Beilis L. *Bellis perennis L. ENGLISH DAISY, LAWN-DAISY Bidens L. *Bidens aristosa (Michx.) Britt. BEGGAR TICKS, stick tights [B. polylepis Blake; B. aristosa var. retrorsa (Sherff) Wund.] Bidens bidentoides (Nutt.) Britt. ESTUARY BEGGAR TICKS {B. eatonii of some NY reports, not Fern.) Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G3 S3 Bidens bipinnata L. spanish-NEEDLES Bidens cernua L. STICK-TIGHTS, BUR-MARIGOLD Bidens connata Muhl. ex Willd BEGGAR TICKS, STICK-TIGHTS [B. connata var. petiolata (Nutt.) Farw.] Bidens coronata (L.) Britt. tickseed-SUNFLOWER, beggar -ticks [B. trichosperma (Michx.) Britt.; var. tenuiloba (A. Gray) Britt.] Bidens discoidea (Torrey & A. Gray) Britt. SMALL BEGGAR -TICKS Bidens frondosa L. BEGGAR -TICKS, STICK-TIGHTS Bidens hyperborea Greene ESTUARY BEGGAR-TICKS [B. eatonii of some NY reports, not Fern.; B. hyperborea var. colpophila (Fern. & St. John) Fern.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4 SI 238 Bidens laevis (L.) BSP. SMOOTH BUR-MARIGOLD, BEGGAR-TICKS Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 *Bidens tenuisecta A. Gray BEGGAR-TICKS *Bidens tripartita L. BEGGAR -TICKS, STICK-TIGHTS [B. comosa (A. Gray) Wieg.] Bidens vulgata Greene BEGGAR-TICKS, STiCK-TiGHTS Boltonia L’Her. *BoUonia asteroides (L.) L’Her BOLTONIA, FALSE ASTER var. asteroides [B. asteroides var. glastifolia (Hill) Fern.] var. recognita (Fern. & Grisc.) Cronq. {B. latisquama var. recognita Fern. & Grisc.) Brachyactis Ledeb. Synonym: Aster L. in part *Brachyactis ciliata (Ledeb.) Ledeb. BRACHYACTIS, ASTER ssp. angusta (Lindl.) A. Jones [Aster brachyactis Blake; B. angusta (Lindl.) Britt.] Cacalia L. Synonyms: Arnoglossum Raf. in part; Synosma Raf. ex Britt, in part Cacalia atriplicifolia L. PALE INDIAN-PLANTAIN, wild COLLARD [Arnoglossum atriplicifolium (L.) H. Robinson] Cacalia suaveolens L. SWEET-SCENTED indian-PLANTAIN [Synosma suaveolens (L.) Raf. ex Britt.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G3 SI Calendula L. *Calendula officinalis L. pot-MARIGOLD 239 Callistephus Cass. Synonym: Aster L. in part *Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees CHINA ASTER (Aster chinensis L.) Carduus L. *Carduus acanthoides L. THISTLE *Carduus crispus L. WELTED THISTLE *Carduus nutans L. MUSK THISTLE, NODDING THISTLE =1!= *Cardum pycnocephalus Jacq. thistle Carlina L. *Carlina vulgaris L. CARLINE THISTLE Centaurea L. 4 *Centaurea amencana Nutt. BASKET-FLOWER, THORNLESS THISTLE 4 *Centaurea aspera L. STAR-THISTLE (REPORT ONLY) 4 *Centaurea calcitrapa L. CALTROPS, STAR-THISTLE (REPORT ONLY) 4 *Centaurea cineraria L. STAR -THISTLE (REPORT ONLY) *Centaurea cyanus L. BLUEBOTTLE, BACHELOR’S-BUTTON, CORNFLOWER *Centaurea jacea L. BROWN KNAPWEED *Centaurca maculosa Lam. BUSHY KNAPWEED [C biebersteinii DC.] *Centaurea montana L. MOUNTAIN BLUET *Centaurea nigra L. BLACK KNAPWEED, SPANISH-BUTTONS, HARDHEADS (C. nigra var. radiata DC.) 240 *Centaurea nigrescens Willd. KNAPWEED [C. dubia Suter ssp. vochinensis (Bernh. ex Reichenb.) Hayek; C. vochinensis Bernh. ex Reichenb.] *Centaurea paniculata L. KNAPWEED (REPORT ONLY) *Centaurea solstitialis L. YELLOW star-thistle, barnaby’S thistle *Centaurea uniflora Turra KNAPWEED ssp. nervosa (Willd.) Bonnier & Layens (C nervosa Willd.) Chaenactis DC. 4 *Chaenactis stevioides Hooker & Arn. CHAENACTIS Chamaemelum Mill. Synonym: Anthemis L. in part 4 *Chamaemelum nobile (L.) All. GARDEN CHAMOMILE (REPORT ONLY) (Anthemis nobilis L.) Chondrilla L. *Chondrilla juncea L. skeleton-weed, gum-succory Chrysanthemum L. 4 * Chrysanthemum coccineum Willd. PYRETHRUM, PAINTED DAISY * Chrysanthemum segetum L. CORN CHRYSANTHEMUM, CORN MARIGOLD Chrysogonum L. *Chrysogonum virginianum L. CHRYSOGONUM Chrysopsis (Nutt.) Ell. Synonym: Heterotheca Cass, in part Chrysopsis mariana (L.) Ell. GOLDEN ASTER {Heterotheca mariana (L.) Shinners] 241 Chrysothamnus Nutt. 4 * Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pall, ex Pursh) Britt. RABBIT BRUSH [C. nauseosus var. pinifolius (Greene) H. & C.; C. pinifolius Greene] Cichorium L. *Cichorium intybus L. CHICORY, blue-sailors, cornflower, succory, WITLOOF Cirsium Mill. 4 Cirsium altissimum (L.) Spreng. TALL THISTLE Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G5 SX *Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. CANADA THISTLE (C arvense var. integrifolium Wimm. & Grabn.; var. vestitum Wimm. & Grabn.) Cirsium discolor (Muhl. ex Willd.) Spreng. FIELD-THISTLE *Cirsium horridulum Michx. giant THISTLE, horrid THISTLE, YELLOW THISTLE Cirsium muticum Michx. swamp-THISTLE [C. muticum var. subpinnatifidum (Britt.) Fern.] *Cirsium palustre (L.) Scop. MARSH-THISTLE Cirsium pumilum (Nutt.) Spreng. SMALL BULL-THISTLE, PASTURE THISTLE [C. odoratum (Muhl. ex Bart.) Petrak, not Britt, ex Britt. & Brown] *Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore bull-THISTLE, COMMON THISTLE [C. lanceolatum of NY reports, not (L.) Hill] Cnicus L. *Cnicus benedictus L. BLESSED THISTLE 242 Conyza Less. Synonyms: Erigeron L. in part; Leptilon Raf. Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. HORSEWEED, HOGWEED, butterweed var. canadensis [Erigeron canadensis L.; Leptilon canadense (L.) Britt, ex Britt. & Brown] var. pusilla (Nutt.) Cronq. DWARF HORSEWEED [C. parva Cronq.; Erigeron canadensis var. pusillus (Nutt.) Boivin, not Ahles; E. pusillus Nutt.; Leptilon pusillum (Nutt.) Britt.] Coreopsis L. ^Coreopsis grandiflora Hogg ex Sweet coreopsis *Coreopsis lanceolata L. COREOPSIS (C. heterogyna Fern.; C. lanceolata var. villosa Michx.) ^Coreopsis major Walt. FOREST TICKSEED Coreopsis rosea Nutt. ROSE COREOPSIS Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G3 S3 *Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. CALLIOPSIS I *Coreopsis verticillata L. coreopsis (report ONLY) Cosmos Cav. *Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. cosmos *Cosmos sulphureus Cav. YELLOW COSMOS, SULPHER COSMOS Crepis L. *Crepis biennis L. HAWK’S-BEARD *Crepis capillaris (L.) Wallr. HAWK’S-BEARD *Crepis setosa Haller f. ex Roemer HAWK’S-BEARD *Crepis tectorum L. HAWK’S-BEARD 243 4 *Crepis vesicaria L. HAWK’S-BEARD ssp. haenseleri (Boiss. ex DC.) Sell [C. vesicaria ssp. taraxacifolia (Thuill.) Thell.] Dendranthema (DC.) Des Moul. Synonym: Chrysanthemum L. in pari 4 * Dendranthema arcticum (L.) Tzvelev arctic chrysanthemum (REPORT ONLY) ssp. polare (Hult^n) Heyw. [Chrysanthemum arcticum of authors, not L.; var. polare (Hultdn) Boivin] Dittrichia Greuter Synonym: Inula L. in part *Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Greuter STINK-ASTER [Inula graveolens (L.) Desf.] Dyssodia Cav. Synonyms: Boebera Willd.; Tagetes L. in part 4 * Dyssodia papposa (Vent.) Hitchc. FETID MARIGOLD [Boebera papposa (Vent.) Rydb. ex Britt.; Tagetes papposa Vent.] Echinacea Moench * Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt. PURPLE CONEFLOWER *Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench PURPLE CONEFLOWER Echinops L. *Echinops ritro L. GLOBE-THISTLE ssp. ruthenicus (Bieb.) Nyman 244 Eclipta L. Synonym: Verbesina L. in part ^*'>Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. YERBA-DE-TAGO [E. alba (L.) Hassk.; Verbesina alba L.] Note: The native status of this species in NY is in question; it is a somewhat weedy Coastal Plain native that is rare this far north. Erechtites Raf. Erechtites hieracifolia (L.) Raf. ex DC. FIREWEED, PILEWORT var. hieracifolia [E. hieracifolia var. intermedia Fern.; var. praealta (Raf.) Fern.] var. megabcarpa (Fern.) Cronq. (E. megalocarpa Fern.) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: GST? SI Erigeron L. Erigeron annum (L.) Pers. DAISY-FLEABANE, DAISY, WHITE-TOP, WHITE SCABIOUS, SWEET SCAIilOUS Erigeron hyssopifolim Michx. DAISY FLEABANE Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Erigeron phibdelphicus L. FLEABANE, DAISY [E. philadelphicus var. provancheri (Viet. & Rouss.) Boivin] Erigeron pulchellus Michx. ROBIN’S-PLANTAIN, POOR-ROBIN’S-PLANTAIN Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd. DAISY FLEABANE, WHITE TOP (E. acris of authors, not L.) Eupatorium L. Synonyms: Ageratina Spach; Conoclinium DC.; Eupatoriadelphus King & H. Robinson Eupatorium album L. WHITE BONESET, WHITETHOROUGH-WORT var. album var. subvenosum A. Gray *Eupatorium altissimum L. TALL TIIOROUGHWORT Note: Ageratina altissima (L.) King & H. Robinson is a synonym of E. rugosum. 245 Eupatorium aromaticum L. SMALL WHITE SNAKEROOT [Ageratina aromatica (L.) Spach] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4G5 SI ={[= * Eupatorium cannabinum L. hemp-AGRIMONY * Eupatorium coelestinum L. mistflower, wild ageratum, blue BONESET, PURPLE BONESET [Conoclinium coelestinum (L.) DC.] Eupatorium dubium Willd. JOE-PYE-WEED, PURPLE BONESET [Eupatoriadelphus dubius (Willd.) King & H. Robinson] Eupatorium fistulosum Barratt JOE-PYE-WEED, trumpetweed [Eupatoriadelphus fistidosus (Barratt) King & H. Robinson] Eupatorium hyssopifolium L. BONESET, THOROUGHWORT var. hyssopifolium {E. hyssopifolium var. calcaratum Fern. & Schub.) var. laciniatum A. Gray Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: GST? S2 Eupatorium leucolepis (DC.) Torrey & A. Gray WHITE BONESET, THOROUGHWORT Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Eupatorium maculatum L. SPOTTED JOE-PYE-WEED \ar. foliosum (Fern.) Wieg. [E. brimeri vox. foliosum (Fern.) House; E. maculatum var. bruneri (A. Gray) Breit., not Dough; E. purpureum var. foliosum Fern.] var. maculatum (L.) Dari.] [E. bruneri of NY authors, not A. Gray; E. purpureum var. maculatum (L.) Dari.; Eupatoriadelphus maculatus (L.) King & H. Robinson] Eupatorium perfoliatum L. THOROUGHWORT, BONESET Eupatorium perfoliatum x serotinum = E. x truncatum Muhl. ex Willd. THOROUGHWORT, BONESET [E. perfoliatum var. truncatum (Muhl. ex Willd.) A. Gray] Eupatorium pilosum Walt. THOROUGHWORT, BONESET [E. rotundifolium var. saimdersii (Port.) Cronq. E. verbenifolium Michx. not Reich.] 246 Eupatorium purpureum L. SWEET JOE-PYE-WEED, GREEN-STEMMED JOE- PYE-WEED [E. amoenum Pursh; E. trifoliatum L.; Eupatoriadelphus purpureus (L.) King & H. Robinson] 4 Eupatorium resinosum Torrey BONESET, THOROUGHWORT Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G2 SX Eupatorium rotundifolium L. ROUND-LEAF BONESET var. ovatum (Bigel.) Torrey {E. pubescens Muhl. ex Willd.) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5T5 SI var. rotundifolium (E. verbenifolium of authors, not Michx.) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5T5 SH Eupatorium rugosum Houtt. WHITE SNAKEROOT, WHITE SANICLE [Ageratina altissima (L.) King & H. Robinson; E. urticifolium Reich.] *Eupatorium serotinum Michx. LATE THOROUGHWORT, BONESET Eupatorium sessilifolium L. UPLAND BONESET var. brittonianum Porter var. sessilifolium Euthamia Nutt, ex Cass. Synonym: Solidago L. in part Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt, ex Cass, bush goldenrod, FLAT-TOP GOLDENROD [E. graminifolia var. nuttallii (Greene) Stone; Solidago graminifolia (L.) Salisb.; var. nuttallii (Greene) Fern.; var. polycephala (Fern.) Fern.; S. polycephala Fern.] Euthamia gymnospermoides Greene FLAT-TOP goldenrod [Solidago gymnospermoides (Greene) Fern.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SH Euthamia tenuifolia (Pursh) Nutt. BUTTONHEAD GOLDENROD [E. minor (Michx.) Greene; Solidago graminifolia (L.) Salisb. var. galetorum (Greene) House; 5. michauxii House; S. microcephala (Greene) Bush of NY reports; S. tenuifolia Pursh] 247 Filago L. Synonyms: Gifola Cass; Gnaphalium L. in part; Logfia Cass. I *Filago arvensis L. CUDWEED (REPORT ONLY) [Gnaphalium arvense L.; Logfia arvensis (L.) Holub] *Filago vulgaris Lam. HERBA IMPIA, CUDWEED, HERB IMPIOUS (REPORT ONLY) [Gifola germanica (L.) Dumort.; F. germanica L., not Huds.; F. minima of NY reports, not (Sm.) Pers.] Gaillardia Foug. *Gaillardia aristata Pursh BLANKET-FLOWER (G. pulchella of some reports, not Foug.) *Gaillardia pulchella Foug. BLANKET-FLOWER Galinsoga Ruiz & Pavon *Galinsoga parviflora Cav. QUICKWEED *Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz & Pav6n QUICKWEED, GARDENER’S- BLIGHT [G. bicolorata St. John & White; G. caracasana (DC.) Schultz; G. ciliata (Raf.) Blake] Gnaphalium L. Synonyms: Filaginella Opiz; Gamochaeta Wedd. in part; Omalotheca Casj Gnaphalium helleri Britt. CATFOOT, CUDWEED var. micradenium (Weath.) Mahl. (G. obtusifolium var. micradenium Weath.) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4G5T3 SH I *Gnaphalium luteo-album L. EUROPEAN CUDWEED (REPORT ONLY) Gnaphalium macounii Greene CUDWEED, everlasting (G. viscosum of NY reports, not Kunth, fide Cronquist, who saw the type specimens) Gnaphalium obtusifolium L. CATFOOT, CUDWEED, RABBIT-TOBACCO 248 Gnaphalium purpureum L. PURPLE EVERLASTING, SWEET EVERLASTING, CUDWEED [Gamochaeta purpurea (L.) Cabrera] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Gnaphalium sylvaticum L. WOOD CUDWEED, CHAFFWEED, owl’S-CROWN [Omalotheca sylvatica (L.) Schultz-Bip. & F.W. Schultz] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI *Gnaphalium uliginosum L. low cudweed, low EVERLASTING [Filaginella uliginosa (L.) Opiz] Grindelia Willd. *Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal GUMWEED, TARWEED var. serrulata (Rydb.) Steyerm. var. squarrosa [G. nuda Wood; G. squarrosa var. nuda of authors, not (Wood) A. Gray: "rayless plants" reported near Rochester (House, 1924)] Guizotia Cass, 4 *Guizotia abyssinica (L. f.) Cass. NIGER, RAMTILLA, RAMTIL Gutierrezia Lag. 4 *Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby MATCHWEED, SNAKEWEED, RESINWEED, BROOMWEED Helenium L. Helenium autumnale L. SNEEZEWEED var. autumnale \H. autumnale var. canaliculatum (Lam.) Torrey & A. Gray; H. latifolium Mill.] var. parviflorum (Nutt.) Fern. (REPORT ONLY) (H. parviflorum Nutt.) *Helenium flexuosum Raf. SNEEZEWEED (H. nudiflorum Nutt.) Helianthus L. Helianthus angustifolius L. SWAMP SUNFLOWER Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 249 *Helianthus annum L. common SUNFLOWER, mirasol Helianthm decapetalm L. THIN-LEAF SUNFLOWER [H. decapetalus var. scrophulariaefolius (Britt.) House; H. trachelifolius Mill.] Helianthm divaricatm L. WOODLAND SUNFLOWER (H. divaricatus var. angustifolius Kuntze) Helianthm divaricatm x ^gantem = H. x ambigum (A. Gray) Britt. SUNFLOWER {H. giganteus var. ambiguus Torrey & A. Gray) Helianthm gigantem L. GIANT sunflower, garden sunflower *Helianthm grosseserratm Martens sawtooth sunflower 4 *Helianthm grosseserratm x salicifolim = H. x kellermannii Britt. KELLERMAN’S SUNFLOWER *Helianthm hirsutm Raf. SUNFLOWER *Helianthm maximilianii Schrad. MAXIMILIAN SUNFLOWER (H. dalyi Britt.) *Helianthm mollis Lam. ashy sunflower (H. mollis var. cordatus S. Wats.) *Helianthm pauciflorm Nutt. PRAIRIE sunflower ssp. subrhomboidem (Rydb.) Spring & Schilling [H. laetiflorus var. rigidus Cass.; H. laetiflorus var. subrhomboideus (Rydb.) Fern.; H. rigidus (Cass.) Fern. ssp. subrhomboides (Rydb.) Heiser; H. subrhomboideus Rydb.] ^Helianthm pauciflorm ssp. subrhomboideus x tuberosus = H. x laetiflorm Pers. SUNFLOWER * Helianthm petiolaris Nutt. SUNFLOWER *Helianthm salicifolim Dietr. PLAINS SUNFLOWER (H. orgyalis DC.) Helianthm strumosm L. wooD-SUNFLOWER 250 *Helianthus tuberosus L. JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE {H. tuberosus var. subcanescens A. Gray) Heliomeris Nutt. Synonyms: Gymnolomia Kunth; Viguiera Kunth in part. 4 *Heliomeris muUifbra Nutt. golden-EYE [Gymnolomia multiflora (Nutt.) Benth. & Hooker; Viguiera multiflora (Nutt.) Blake] Heliopsis Pers. Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet OX-EYE [H. helianthoides ssp. scabra (Dunal) Fisch.; var. scabra (Dunal) Fern.; H. scabra Dunal] Hemizonia DC. 4 *Hemizonia pungens (Hooker & Arn.) Torrey & A. Gray TARWEED Heterotheca Cass. *Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby CAMPHORWEED Hieracium L. *Hieracium aurantiacum L. ORANGE HAWKWEED, DEVIL’S PAINTBRUSH *Hieracium aurantiacum x caespitosum = H. x fuscatrum Naegeli & Peter HAWKWEED * Hieracium aurantiacum x piloselloides = H. x atramentarium (Naegeli & Peter) Zahn ex Engler HAWKWEED (REPORT ONLY) *Hieracium caespitosum Dumort. KiNG-DEViL {H. pratense Tausch) *Hieracium caespitosum x pibsella = H. x macrostolonum Schneid. HAWKWEED Hieracium canadense Michx. CANADA HAWKWEED [H. kalmii L. in part] 251 *Hieracmm flagellare Willd. hawkweed {H. caespitosum x pilosella = //. x flagellare of authors, not Willd.; H. pilosella x pratense of authors) *Hieracium floribundum Wimm. & Grabn. HAWKWEED {H. auricula of authors, not L.; H. caespitosum x lactucella) Hieracium gronovii L. HAWKWEED Hieracium gronovii x venosum = H. x marianum Willd. HAWKWEED {H. traillii of NY reports, not Greene) Hieracium kalmii L. HAWKWEED var. fasciculatum (Pursh) LePage [H. canadense var. fasciculatum (Pursh) Fern.] var. kalmii [H. canadense var. kalmii (L.) Scoggan] 4 Hieracium kalmii x scabrum = H. x fernaldii LePage HAWKWEED (H. canadense var. hirtarameum Fern.; H. canadense x scabrum) *Hieracium lachenalii Gmel. HAWKWEED (H. vulgatum Fries) *Hieracium murorum L. GOLDEN LUNGWORT Hieracium paniculatum L. HAWKWEED *Hieracium pibsella L. MOUSE-EAR HAWKWEED *Hieracium pibsella x pibselbides = H. x brachiatum Berth, ex DC. HAWKWEED *Hieracium pibselbides Vill. KING-DEVIL (H. florentinum All.) *Hieracium prealtum Vill. ex Goch. KiNG-DEViL ^Hieracium sabaudum L. HAWKWEED Hieracium scabrum Michx. HAWKWEED Hieracium venosum L. RATTLESNAKE-WEED, POOR-ROBIN’S-PLANTAIN [H. venosum var. nudicaule (Michx.) Farw.j 252 Hypochaeris L. *Hypochaeris radicata L. CAT’S-EAR Inula L. *Inula britannica L. INULA *Inula helenium L. elecampane 4 *Inula salicina L. INULA Iva L. Iva frutescens L. SALTMARSH-ELDER, HIGH-WATER BUSH, ssp. oraria (Bartl.) Jackson [/. frutescens var. oraria (Bartl.) Fern. & Grisc.; I. oraria Bartl.] *Iva xanthifolia Nutt. MARSH-ELDER Ixeris Cass. 4 *Ixeris stobnifera A. Gray GROUND-LETTUCE Krigia Schreb. Krigia bifbra (Walt.) Blake ORANGE DANDELION, TWO-FLOWERED CYNTHIA 4 *Krigia cespitosa (Raf.) Chambers DWARF DANDELION (REPORT ONLY) Krigia virginica (L.) Willd. DWARF DANDELION Lactuca L. Synonym: Mycelis Cass. Lactuca biennis (Moench) Fern. WILD LETTUCE, BLUE LETTUCE [L. spicata of authors, not (Lam.) Kuntze] Lactuca biennis x canadensis = L. x morssii B. Robinson WILD LETPUCE (L. biennis x spicata of authors) Lactuca canadensis L. wild LETTUCE, GIANT LETTUCE var. canadensis (L. canadensis var. latifolia Kuntze) var. bngifolia (Michx.) Farw. 253 Lactuca Jloridana (L.) Gaertn. FALSE LETTUCE [L. floridana var. villosa (Jacq.) Cronq.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SH Lactuca hirsuta Muhl. ex Nutt. DOWNY LETTUCE [L. hirsuta var. sanguinea (Bigel.) Fern.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4? SI * Lactuca muralis (L.) Fresen. WALL LETTUCE [Mycelis muralis (L.) Dumort.j *Lactuca saligna L. WILLOW-LEAF LETTUCE *Lactuca sativa L. garden LETTUCE (L. scariola L. in part) *Lactuca serriola L. PRICKLY LETTUCE (L. scariola L.; in part; L. virosa L.) *Lactuca tatarica (L.) Meyer BLUE LETTUCE var. pulchella (Pursh) Breitung [L. pulchella (Pursh) DC.; L. tatarica ssp. pulchella (Pursh) Stebbins] Lapsana L. *Lapsana communis L. NIPPLEWORT Leontodon L. Synonym: Virea Adans. * Leontodon autumnalis L. FALL-DANDELION, HAWKBIT [L. autumnalis ssp. pratensis (Link) Arcang.; Virea autumnalis (L.) S. Gray; var. pratensis (L.) House] *Leontodon hispidus L. HAWKBIT [L. hastilis L. var. glabratus (Koch) Bisch.; var. vulgaris Koch; L. hispidus ssp. danubialis (Jacq.) Simonk.; Virea hispida (L.) S. Gray] *Leontodon taraxacoides (Vill.) Merat HAWKBIT [L. leysseri (Wallr.) Beck; L. nudicaulis of authors, not L.; Virea nudicaulis (L.) House] 254 Leucanthemella Tzvel. Synonym: Chrysanthemum L. in part * Leucanthemella serotina (L.) Tzvei. GIANT DAISY [Chrysanthemum serotinum L., C. uliginosum (Willd.) Pers.] Leucanthemum Mill. Synonym: Chrysanthemum L. in part * Leucanthemum maximum (Ramond) DC. MAX CHRYSANTHEMUM, daisy- CHRYSANTHEMUM (REPORT ONLY) {Chrysanthemum maximum Ramond) ^Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. ox-EYE DAISY, WHITE DAISY, WHITEWEED, MARGUERITE, FIELD DAISY {Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L.) Liatris Gaertn. & Schreb. Synonym: Lacinaria Hill *Liatris aspera Michx. ROUGH BLAZING-STAR [Lacinaria aspera (Michx.) Greenel Liatris cylindracea Michx. BLAZING-ST.MI [Lacinaria cylindrica (Michx.) Kuntze] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI *Liatris pycnostachya Michx. GAYFEATHER [Lacinaria pycnostachya (Michx.) Kuntze] Liatris scariosa (L.) Willd. BLAZING-STAR [Lacinaria scariosa (L.) Hill] var. nieuwlandii Lunell var. novae-angliae Lunell NEW ENGLAND blazing-STAR [L. borealis of authors, not Nutt.; L. novae-angliae (Lunell) Shinners] Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5?T3 S2 *Liatris spicata (L.) Willd. BLAZING-STAR [Lacinaria spicata (L.) Kuntze] 255 Machaeranthera Nees Synonyms: Aster L. in part; Haplopappus Cass, in part; Sideranthus Fraser 4 * Machaeranthera canescens (Pursh) A. Gray DESERT-ASTER [Aster canescens Pursh; M pulverulenta (Nutt.) Greene] 4 * Machaeranthera gracilis (Nutt.) Shinners DESERT-ASTER [Haplopappus gracilis (Nutt.) A. Gray; Sideranthus gracilis (Nutt.) Rydb.] * Machaeranthera tanacetifolia (Kunth) Nees TAHOKA daisy {Aster tanacetifolius Kunth) Madia Molina *Madia sativa Molina tarweed, oil-PLANT (M. sativa var. congesta Torrey & A. Gray) Malacothrix DC. 4 ^Malacothrix sonchoides (Nutt.) Torrey & A. Gray MALACOTHRIX (REPORT ONLY) Matricaria L. Synonyms: Chamomilla Gilib. in part; Chrysanthemum L. in part; Tripleurospermum Sch.-Bip. *Matricaria discoidea DC. PINAPPLE-WEED [Artemisia matricarioides of authors, not Less.; Chamomilla suaveolens (Pursh) Rydb.; M. matricarioides of authors, not (Less.) Porter] ^Matricaria perforata Merat WILD CHAMOMILE, SEASIDE CHRYSANTHEMUM [Chamomilla maritima of NY reports, not (L.) Rydb.; C. inodora (L.) Rydb.; M. inodora L., a nomen illeg. \ M. maritima of NY reports, not L. ; Tripleurospermum maritimum ssp. inodorum (L.) Hyl. ex Vaar] ^Matricaria recutita L. WILD CHAMOMILE, FALSE SWEET CHAMOMILE [Chamomilla chamomilla (L.) Rydb.; C. recutita (L.) Rausch.; M. chamomilla L.] 256 Megalodonta Greene Synonym: Bidens L. in part Megalodonta beckii (Torrey ex Sprang.) Greene WATER-MARIGOLD (Bidens beckii Torrey ex Spreng.) Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G4G5TU S1S3 Mikania Willd. Mikania scandens (L.) Willd. CLIMBING BONESET, CLIMBING HEMPWEED Nothocalais (A. Gray) Greene Synonyms: Agoseris Raf. in part; Microseris D. Don in part =j}= *Nothocalais cmpidata (Pursh) Greene FALSE-DANDELION (REPORT ONLY) [Agoseris cuspidata (Pursh) Steud.; Microseris cuspidata (Pursh) Schultz] Onopordum L. Synonym: Onopordon (Vaill.) L. of authors *Onopordum acanthium L. SCOTCH thistle, cotton-THISTLE Parthenium L. *Parthenium hysterophorus L. SANTA MARIA *Parthenium integrifolium L. WILD QUININE Petasites Mill. Petasites frigidus (L.) Fries SWEET COLTSFOOT var. palmatus (Ait.) Cronq. [P. palmatus (Ait.) A. Gray ex Brew. & Wats.] Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G5T5 SI *Petasites hybridus (L.) Gaertn. Meyer & Scherb. BUTTER-BUR (P. vulgaris Hill) 257 Picris L. *Picris echioides L. OX-TONGUE *Picris hieracioides L. ox-TONGUE Pityopsis Nutt. Synonym: Chrysopsis (Nutt.) Ell. in part Pityopsis fakata (Pursh) Nutt. ATLANTIC GOLDEN ASTER [Chrysopsis falcata (Pursh) Ell.] Pluchea Cass. Pluchea odorata (L.) Cass, saltmarsh FLEABANE, PURPLE CAMPHORWEED var. succuknta (Fern.) Cronq. [P. camphorata of NY reports, not (L.) DC.; P. purpurascens (Sw.) DC. var. succulenta Eern.j Polymnia L. Synonyms: Osteospermum L.; Smallanthus Mackz. ex Small Polymnia canadensis L. LEAF-CUP [Osteospermum canadense (L.) House] Polymnia uvedalia (L.) L. BEAR’S-FOOT [Osteospermum uvedalia L.; Smallanthus uvedalia (L.) Mackz. ex Small] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4G5 SI Prenanthella Rydb. Synonym: Lygodesmia D. Don in part 4 *Prenanthella exigua (A. Gray) Rydb. PRENANTHELLA [Lygodesmia exigua A. Gray] 258 Prenanthes L. Synonym: Nabalus Cass. Prenanthes alba L. WHITE LETTUCE, RATTLESNAKE-ROOT [Nabalus albus (L.) Hooker] Prenanthes altissima L. RATTLESNAKE-ROOT [Nabalus altissimus (L.) Hooker] Prenanthes boottii (DC.) A. Gray BOOTT’S RATFLESNAKE-ROOT (Nabalus boottii DC.) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G2 SI Prenanthes crepidinea Michx. RATTLESNAKE-ROOT [Nabalus crepidineus (Michx.) DC.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G3G5 SH Prenanthes nana (Bigel.) Torrey DWARF RATTLESNAKE-ROOT [Nabalus nanus (Bigel.) DC; P. trifoliolata var. nana (Bigel.) Fern.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI 4 Prenanthes racemosa Michx. RATTLESNAKE-ROOT \Nabalus racemosus (Michx.) Hooker] Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G5 SX Prenanthes racemosa x trifoliolata = P. x mainensis A. Gray RATTLESNAKE- ROOT Prenanthes serpentaria Pursh LION’S-FOOT, GALL-OF-THE-EARTH, RATTLESNAKE-ROOT [Nabalus serpentarius (Pursh) Hooker] Prenanthes trifoliolata (Cass.) Fern. gall-OF-THE-Earth (Nabalus trifoliolatus Cass.; N trifoliatus of authors; var. dissectifolius Peck) Ratibida Raf. *Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Wooton & Standi. PRAIRIE CONEFLOWER * Ratibida pinnata (Vent.) Barnh. PRAIRIE CONEFLOWER 259 Rudbeckia L. *Rudbeckia fulgida Ait. coneflower, black-EYED-SUSAN var. fulgida var. speciosa (Wend.) Perdue {R. speciosa Wend.) var. sullivantii (Boynt. & Beadle) Cronq. {R. sullivantii Boynt. & Beadle) *Rudbeckia hirta L. BLACK-EYED-SUSAN, YELLOW DAISY var. hirta Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5TU SH *var. puicherrima Farw. BLACK-EYED-SUSAN, GLORIOSA DAISY {R. serotina Nutt.) Rudbeckia laciniata L. CUT-LEAF CONEFLOWER, GOLDEN-GLOW {R. laciniata var. bipinnata Perdue; var. hortensis Bailey) ^Rudbeckia subtomentosa Pursh SWEET CONEFLOWER Rudbeckia tribba L. BLACK-EYED-SUSAN, CONE-FLOWER, YELLOW DAISY Scolymus L. =!!= *Scolymus hispanicus L. SPANISH oyster-plant, golden thistle Senecio L. Senecio aureus L. GOLDEN RAGWORT, GROUNDSEL, squaw-weed Senecio aureus x obovatus GROUNDSEL Senecio aureus x pauperculus GROUNDSEL Senecio aureus x schweinitzianus GROUNDSEL (5. aureus x robbinsii) *Senecio bicobr (Willd.) Todaro GROUNDSEL (REPORT ONLY) var. cineraria (DC.) Chater (5. cineraria DC.) 4 * Senecio eremophilus Richards, ex Frankl. GROUNDSEL 4 *Senecio jacobaea L. TANSY-RAGWORT, STINKING-WILLIE (REPORT ONLY) 260 Senecio obovatus Muhl. ex Willd. ragwort, GROUNDSEL, squaw-WEED Senecio pauperculus Michx. BALSAM GROUNDSEL Senecio schweinitzianus Nutt. RAGWORT, groundsel (5. robbinsii Oakes ex Rusby) *Senecio viscosus L. STICKY GROUNDSEL *Senecio vulgaris L. COMMON GROUNDSEL Serratula L. 4 *Serratula tinctoria L. SERRATULA (REPORT ONLY) Silphium L. *Silphium laciniatum L. COMPASS PLANT, ROSINWEED * Silphium perfoliatum L. CUP -PLANT I *Silphium trifoliatum L. ROSINWEED (REPORT ONLY) (5. asteriscus L. in part) Silybum Adans. Synonyms: Carduus L. in part; Mariana Hill *Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. BLESSED THISTLE, MILK THISTLE [Carduus mariana L.; Mariana mariana (L.) Hill] Solidago L. Synonym: Aster L. in part Solidago arguta Ait. CUTLEAF GOLDENROD Solidago bicolor L. WHITE GOLDENROD, SILVER-ROD Solidago caesia L. wreath GOLDENROD, BLUE-STEM GOLDENROD Solidago canadensis L. CANADA GOLDENROD, common GOLDENROD var. canadensis (S. rupestris of NY reports, not Raf.) var. hargeri Fern. var. scabra (Muhl.) Torrey & A. Gray TALL GOLDENROD [5. altissima L.; var. procera (Ait.) Fern.] 261 Solidago canadensis x sempervirens = S. x erskinei Boivin GOLDENROD Solidago elliottii Torrey & A. Gray COASTAL GOLDENROD (5. latissimifolia of some authors, not Mill.) Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 Solidago flexicaulis L. ZIG-ZAG GOLDENROD Solidago gigantea Ait. late goldenrod [5. gigantea var. leiophylla Fern.; var. serotina (Ait.) Cronq.; 5. serotina Ait.; var. gigantea (Ait.) A. Gray] Solidago hispida Muhl. ex Willd. GOLDENROD Solidago houghtonii Torrey & Gray ex A. Gray HOUGHTON’S GOLDENROD [Oligoneuron houghtonii (Torrey & Gray ex A. Gray) Nesom; S. ohioensis x ptarmicoides of some authors] Rarity Status: Federal Rank: T State: E TNC Rank: G3 SI Solidago juncea Ait. EARLY GOLDENROD Solidago macrophylla Pursh LARGE-LEAF GOLDENROD Solidago multiradiata Ait. ALPINE GOLDENROD var. arctica (DC.) Fern. (5. cutleri Fern.; 5. virgaurea var. alpina Bigel.; var. arctica DC.) Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 Solidago nemoralis Ait. ROUGH GOLDENROD, GRAY GOLDENROD, OLD¬ FIELD GOLDENROD [5. nemoralis var. longipetiolata of New York reports, not (Mackz. & Bush) Palmer & Steyerm.] Solidago odora Ait. SWEET GOLDENROD (5. suaveolens of authors, not Schoepf.) Solidago ohioensis Ridd. OHIO GOLDENROD Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G4 S2 Solidago patula Muhl. ex Willd. SPREADING GOLDENROD Solidago ptarmicoides (Nees) Boivin UPLAND GOLDENROD, UPLAND WHITE ASTER, UPLAND WHITE GOLDENROD [Aster ptarmicoides (Nees) Torrey & A. Gray] Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S3 262 Solidago puberula Nutt. DOWNY GOLDENROD (S. erecta of NY reports, not Pursh) Solidago rigida L. STIFF-LEAF GOLDENROD Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 Solidago rugosa Mill. TALL HAIRY GOLDENROD, BUTTER WEED ssp. aspera (Ait.) Cronq. rough GOLDENROD [S. aspera Ait.; S. nigosa var. aspera (Ait.) Fern.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: GST? SH ssp. rugosa var. rugosa var. sphagnophila Graves {S. aestivalis Bickn.) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5TU SH var. villosa (Pursh) Fern. Solidago rugosa x sempervirens = S. x asperula Desf. GOLDENROD Solidago sempervirens L. seaside GOLDENROD var. mexicana (L.) Fern. (5. mexicana L.) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: GST? SI var. sempervirens Solidago simplex Kunth MOUNTAIN GOLDENROD (5. spathulata of NY reports, not DC.) ssp. randii (Porter) Ringius [S. spathulata ssp. randii (Porter) Cronq.] var. racemosa (Greene) Ringius [5. racemosa Greene; 5. spathulata ssp. randii var. racemosa (Greene) Gleason] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: GST4? SI var. randii [5. randii (Porter) Britt.; var. monticola (Porter) Fern.; S. spathulata var. randii (Porter) Gleason] Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: GST4 S2 Solidago speciosa Nutt. SHOWY GOLDENROD, NOBLE GOLDENROD Solidago squarrosa Muhl. RAGGED GOLDENROD, STOUT GOLDENROD [5. petiolaris of some authors in part, not Ait.] 263 Solidago uliginosa Nutt. SWAMP GOLDENROD, BOG GOLDENROD var. linoides (Torrey & A, Gray) Fern. (5. purshii Porter) var. uliginosa [5. humilis Pursh; S. neglecta Torrey & A. Gray; S. uniligulata (DC.) Pursh; var. levipes Fern.] Solidago ulmifolia Muhl. ex Willd. ELM-LEAF GOLDENROD Soiichus L. *Sonchus arvensis L. SOW-THISTLE, HOG-THISTLE, MILK-THISTLE ssp. arvensis ssp. uliginosus (Bieb.) Nyman (5. arvensis var. glabrescens Guenth., Grabn. & Wimm.; S. uliginosus Bieb.) *Sonchus asper (L.) Hill SPINY SOW-THISTLE *Sonchus oleraceus L. sow-thistle, MILK-THISTLE I *Sonchus tenerrimus L. SOW-THISTLE, MILK-THISTLE Stephanomeria Nutt. 4 * Stephanomeria exigua Nutt. SKELETON-WEED, RUSH-PINK Tagetes L. 4 *Tagetes erecta L. AFRICAN MARIGOLD, BIG MARIGOLD, AZTEC MARIGOLD * Tagetes patula L. FRENCH marigold (report only) Tanacetum L. Synonym: Chrysanthemum in part *Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz FEVER FEW [Chrysanthemum parthenium (L.) Bernh.] *Tanacetum vulgare L. TANSY, GOLDEN-BUTTONS [Chrysanthemum vulgare (L.) Bernh.] 264 Taraxacum Weber ex Wiggers Synonym: Leontodon L. in part ^Taraxacum laevigatum (Willd.) DC. RED SEEDED DANDELION {Leontodon laevigatus Willd.; T. erythrospermum Andrz. ex Besser) *Taraxacum officinale Weber ex Wiggers COMMON DANDELION [Leontodon taraxacum L.; T. officinale ssp. vulgare (Lam.) Schinz & Keller] ^Taraxacum palmtre (Lyons) Symons MARSH DANDELION [T. officinale var. palustre of authors, not (Sm.) Blytt; T. turfosum (Schultz-Bip.) van Soest] Tragopogon L, *Tragopogon dubius Scop. goat’S-BEARD [T. dubius var. major (Jacq.) Voll.; T. major Jacq.j *Tragopogon porrifolius L. OYSTER-PLANT, SALSIFY, VEGETABLE OYSTER *Tragopogon porrifolius x pratensis GOAT’S-BEARD *Tragopogon pratensis L. YELLOW GOAT’S-BEARD Tussilago L. *TussilagO fatfara L. COLTSFOOT, COLTSFOOT DANDELION Verbesina L. Synonyms: Actinomeris Nutt, in part; Coreopsis L. in part Verbesina aUernifolia (L.) Britt. WINGSTEM [Actinomeris alternifolia (L.) DC.; Coreopsis alternifolius L.) Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 * Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) Benth. & Hooker f. ex A. Gray CROWN- BEARD ssp. exauriculata (B. Robinson & Greenm.) Colem. 265 Vernonia Schreb. 4 * Vernonia arkansana DC. IRON WEED {V. crinita Raf.) 4 * Vernonia fasciculata Michx. PRAIRIE IRON WEED Vernonia gigantea (Walt.) Trel. ex Brann. & Cov. TALL IRONWEED, giant IRONWEED (K altissima Nutt.) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Vernonia noveboracensis (L.) Michx. IRONWEED Xanthium L. *Xanthium spinosum L. SPINY COCKLEBUR Xanthium strumarium L. COMMON COCKLEBUR, CLOTBUR var. canadense (Mill.) Torrey & A. Gray {X. acerosum Greene; X. arcuatiim Millsp. & Scherff; X. echinatum Murr.; X. italicum Moretti; X. oviforme Wallr.; X. pensylvanicum Wallr.; X. speciosum Kearney; X. varians Greene) var. glabratum (DC.) Cronq. {X. americaniim Walt.; X. chinense Mill.; X. curvescens Millsp. & Sherfl) *var. strumarium 266 Class: Liliopsida Subclass: Alismatidae Order: Alismatales BUTOMACEAE (FLOWERING RUSH FAMILY) Butomus L. *Butomiis umbellatus L. FLOWERING RUSH ALISMATACEAE (WATER-PLANTAIN FAMILY) Alisma L. Alisma gramineum Lej. WATER-PLANTAIN {A. geyeri Torrey) Alisma subcordatum Raf. water-PLANTAIN [A. plantago-aquatica of American authors in part, not L.; A. plantago-aquatica ssp. subcordatum (Raf.) Hulten] Alisma triviak Pursh water-PLANTAIN {A. plantago-aquatica of American authors in part, not L.; A. subcordatum of some authors, not Raf.) Echinodorus L. Rich. Synonym: Helianthium Engelm. ex Britt. 4 Echinodorus parvulus Engelm. BURHEAD [E. tenellus (Mart.) Buch. var. parvulus (Engelm.) Fassett; Helianthium parvulum (Engelm.) Britt.] Rarity Status: State: U TNG Rank: G3T2 SX Sagittaria L. Synonym: Lophotocarpus Durand Sagittaria calycina Engelm. arrowhead var. spongiosa Engelm. SPONGY ARROWHEAD [Lophotocarpus spat(h)ulatus Sm.; L. spongiosus (Engelm.) Sm.; S. montevidensis ssp. spongiosa (Engelm.) Bogin] Rarity Status: State: T TNG Rank: G5T4 S2 267 Sagittaria cuneata Sheldon WAPATO, ARROWHEAD Sagittaria engelmanniana Sm. ENGELMANN’S arrowhead Sagittaria graminea Michx. GRASS-LEAF sag HT aria (5. eatonii Sm.) Sagittaria latifolia Willd. WAPATO, DUCK POTATO [5. engelmanniana ssp. longirostra (Micheli) Bogin; S. latifolia var. obtusa (Muhl. ex Willd.) Sm.; S. esculenta Howell] Sagittaria rigida Pursh ARROWHEAD Sagittaria subulata (L.) Buch. STRAP-LEAF ARROWHEAD Sagittaria teres S. Wats. quill-LEAF ARROWHEAD Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G3 SI Order: Hydrocharitales HYDROCHARITACEAE (FROG’S-BIT FAMILY) Egeria Planch. Synonyms: Anacharis Planch, in part; Elodea L. Rich, ex Michx. in part *Egeria densa Planch, waterweed, ELODEA [Anacharis densa (Planch.) Viet.; Elodea densa (Planch.) Casp.] Elodea L. Rich, ex Michx. Synonyms: Anacharis Planch, in part; Apalanthe Planch.; Philotria Raf. Elodea canadensis L. Rich, ex Michx. WATERWEED. ELODEA, DITCH MOSS Note: Many incorrect permutations of the authorities are found in the literature. [Anacharis canadensis (L. Rich, ex Michx.) Planch.; A. planchonii (Casp.) Rydb.; Apalanthe schweinitzii Planch.; E. planchonii Casp.; E. schweinitzii (Planch.) Casp.; Philotria canadensis (L. Rich, ex Michx.) Britt.; P. occidentals (Pursh) House; P. planchonii (Casp.) Rydb.] Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) St. John waterweed, ELODEA [Anacharis nuttallii Planch.; Philotria nuttallii (Planch.) Rydb.] 268 Hydrocharis L. *Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. FROG’S-BIT Limnobium L. Rich. 4 *Limnobium spongia (Bose) L. Rich, ex Steud. AMERICAN FROG’S-BIT Vallisneria L. Vallisneria americana Michx. TAPEGRASS, wild celery {V. spiralis L. of American authors, not L.) Order: Najadales SCHEUCHZERIACEAE (SCHEUCHZERIA FAMILY) Scheuchzeria L. Scheuchzeria palustris L. POD-GRASS, SCHEUCFIZERIA ssp. americana (Fern.) Hult6n (5. palustris var. americana Fern.) Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S3 JUNCAGINACEAE (ARROW-GRASS FAMILY) Triglochin L. Triglochin maritimum L. arrow-grass Triglochin palustre L. ARROW-GRASS {T. palustris of authors) Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S3 POTAMOGETONACEAE (PONDWEED FAMILY) Coleogeton (Reichenb.) D. Les & R. Haynes Synonym: Potamogeton in part Coleogeton filiformis (Pers.) D. Les & R. Haynes PONDWEED ssp. alpinus (Blytt) D. Les & R. Haynes [Potamogeton filiformis var. borealis (Raf.) St. John; var. macounii Morong] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5T5 SH 269 ssp. occidentalis (Robbins) D. Les & R. Haynes [Potamogeton filiformis var. occidentalis (Robbins.) Morong; P. interior Rydb.; P. vaginatiis of NY reports, not Turcz.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5T5 SI Coleogeton pectinatum (L.) D. Les & R. Haynes SAGO PONDWEED {Potamogeton pectinatus L.) Potamogeton L. Potamogeton alpinus Balbis PONDWEED [P. alpinus var. tenuifolius (Raf.) Ogden; var. subellipticus (Fern.) Ogden] Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 Potamogeton amplifolius Tuckerm. PONDWEED Potamogeton bicupulatus Fern. PONDWEED {P. diversifolius Raf. in part) Potamogeton confervoides Reichenb. PONDWEED Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G3G4 S2 ^Potamogeton crispus L. PONDWEED, CURLY PONDWEED, MUCKWEED Potamogeton diversifolius Raf. PONDWEED {P. capillaceus Poir. in part) Rarity Status: TNC Rank: G5 SI? Potamogeton epihydrus Raf. PONDWEED [P. epihydrus var. cayugensis (Weig.) Benn.; var. nuttallii (Cham. & Schleet.) Fern.; var. ramosus (Peck) House] Potamogeton foliosus Raf. PONDWEED (P. foliosus var. macellus Fern.) Potamogeton friesii Rupr. FRIES’ PONDWEED Potamogeton gramineus L. GRASS-LEAF PONDWEED (P. gramineus var. maximus Morong ex Benn.; var. myriophyllus Robbins) =1!= Potamogeton gramineus x illinoensis = P. x spathuliformis (Robbins) Morong PONDWEED 270 Potamogeton gramineus x natans = P. x sparganifolius Hagstr. PONDWEED Potamogeton gramineus x nodosus = P. x argutulus Hagstr. PONDWEED Potamogeton gramineus x perfoliatus = P. x subnitens Hagstr. PONDWEED Potamogeton hillii Morong HILL’S PONDWEED Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G3 S2 Potamogeton illinoensis Morong PONDWEED {P. angustifolius of authors, not Berch. & Presl; P. lucens of authors, not L.) Potamogeton illinoensis x perfoliatus PONDWEED Potamogeton natans L. PONDWEED Potamogeton nodosus Poir. PONDWEED {P. lonchites Tuckerm.; var. noveboracensis Morong) Potamogeton oakesianus Robbins OAKES’ PONDWEED Potamogeton obtusifolius Mert. & Koch PONDWEED Potamogeton ogdenii Hellquist & Hilton OGDEN’S PONDWEED (P. hillii X zosteriformis) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G1 SI Potamogeton perfoliatus L. PONDWEED [P. bupleuroides Fern.; P. perfoliatus var. bupleuroides (Fern.) Farw.] Potamogeton praebngus Wulfen PONDWEED Potamogeton pulcher Tuckerm. PONDWEED Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Potamogeton pusillus L. PONDWEED var. pusillus var. tenuissimus Mert. & Koch (P. berchtoldii Fieber; P. lateralis Morong in part) Potamogeton richardsonii (Benn.) Rydb. RED HEAD PONDWEED Potamogeton robbinsii Oakes ROBBINS’ PONDWEED 271 Potamogeton spirillm Tuckerm. POND WEED {P. dimorphus Raf.] Potamogeton strictifolius Benn. PONDWEED (P. X iongiligulatus Fern.; P. pusillus var. pseudorutilus Benn.; P. rutilis of authors, not Wulf. ex R. & S.; P. strictifolius var. rutiloides Fern.) Rarity Status; State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Potamogeton strictifolius x zosteriformis = P. x haynesii Hellquist & Crow PONDWEED (P. X longiligidatus of authors, not Fern.) Potamogeton vaseyi Robbins VASEY'S PONDWEED (P. lateralis Morong in part) Potamogeton zosteriformis Fern. FLAT-STEM PONDWEED (P. compressus L.) RUPPIACEAE (DITCHGRASS FAMILY) Ruppia L. Ruppia maritima L. DITCH-GRASS, WIDGEON-GRASS {R. maritima var. longipes Hagstr.; var. onondagensis Fern. & Wieg.; var. rostrata Agardh) NAJADACEAE (NAIAD FAMILY) Najas L. Najas flexilis (Willd.) Rostk. & Schmidt NAIAD, MERMAID WEED Najas gracillima (A. Br. ex Engelm.) Magnus NAIAD, MERMAID WEED Najas guadalupensis (Spreng.) Magnus NAIAD, MERMAID WEED var. guadalupensis var. muenscheri (Clausen) Haynes (N. muenscheri Clausen) var. olivacea (Rosend. & Butters) Haynes {N. olivacea Rosend. & Butters) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5TU SI Najas marina L. NAIAD, MERMAID WEED Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SH *Najas minor All. NAIAD, MERMAID WEED 272 ZANNICHELLIACEAE (HORNED PONDWEED FAMILY) Zannichellia L. Zannichellia palustris L. HORNED PONDWEED [Z palustris var. major (Bonn.) Koch] ZOSTERACEAE (EELGRASS FAMILY) Zostera L. Zostera marina L. EELGRASS, GRASSWRACK var, stenophylla Aschers. & Grabn. Subclass: Arecidae Order: Arales ARACEAE (ARUM FAMILY) Acorus L. Acorns americanus (Raf.) Raf. SWEETFLAG, FLAGROOT {A. calamus of American authors, not L.) Arisaema Mart. Synonym: Muricauda Small Arisaema dracontium (L.) Schott ex Schott & Endl. GREEN DRAGON, DRAGON-ROOT [Muricauda dracontium (L.) Kunth] Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott ex Schott & Endl. JACK-IN-THE-PULPIT, INDIAN-TURNIP ssp. pusillum (Peck) Huttleston [A. acuminatum Small; A. pusillum (Peck) Nash ex Britt.; A. triphyllum var. pusillum Peck] ssp. stewardsonii (Britt.) Huttleston [A. stewardsonii Britt.; A. triphyllum var. stewardsonii (Britt.) Stevens.] ssp. triphyllum [A. atrorubens (Ait.) Blume] 273 Calla L. Calla palustris L. WATER ARUM, WILD CALLA Orontium L. Orontium aquaticum L. GOLDEN-CLUB Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 Peltandra Raf. Peltandra virginica (L.) Schott ex Schott & Endl. arrowleaf, TUCKAHOE Pinellia Tenore *Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Tenore ex Breit. GREEN DRAGON Pistia L. 4 *Pistia stratiotes L. WATER-LETTUCE Symplocarpus Salisb. ex Nutt. Synonyms: Dracontium L.; Spathyema Raf. Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt. SKUNK-CABBAGE [Dracontium foetidum L.; Spathyema foetida (L.) Raf.] LEMNACEAE (DUCKWEED FAMILY) Lemna L. Lemna minor L. DUCKWEED [L. obscura (Austin) Daubs; L. turionifera Landolt] Lemna perpusilla Torrey DUCKWEED Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SH Lemna trisulca L. STAR DUCKWEED Lemna valdiviana Phil. DUCKWEED [L. cyclostasa (Ell.) Chev.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SH 274 Spirodela Schleid. Synonym: Lemna L. in part Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. GIANT DUCKWEED, WATER-FLAXSEED, GREATER DUCKWEED [Lemna polyrhiza L.] Wolffia Horkel ex Schleid. Synonym: Bruniera Franch. Wolffia borealis (Engelm.) Landolt WATERMEAL [Bruniera punctata (Griseb.) Nieuwl.; W. punctata Griseb.] Wolffia braziliensis Wedd. WATERMEAL (W. papulifera Thompson) Rarity Status: State: T TNG Rank: G5 S2? Wolffia Columbiana Karst. WATERMEAL [Bruniera Columbiana (Karst.) Nieuwl.] Subclass: Commelinidae Order: Commelinales XYRIDACEAE (YELLOW-EYED GRASS FAMILY) Xyris Gronov. ex L. Xyris diffbrmis Chapm. YELLOW EYED GRASS (X. caroliniana of authors, not Walt.) Xyris montana Ries NORTHERN YELLOW-EYED GRASS Xyris smalliana Nash large yellow-eyed grass (X. congdonii Small) Xyris torta Sm. SLENDER YELLOW-EYED GRASS 275 COMMELINACEAE (DAYFLOWER FAMILY) Commelina L. *Commelina communis L. DAYFLOWER var. communis var. ludens (Miq.) Pennell 4 *Commelina diffusa Burm. f. DAYFLOWER 4 Commelina erecta L. DAYFLOWER [C. nudiflora of NY reports, not L.; Murdannia nudiflora of NY reports, not (L.) Brenn.] Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G5 SX Tradescantia L. 4 *Tradescantia occidentalis (Britt.) Smyth SPIDERWORT Tradescantia ohiensis Raf. SPIDERWORT Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI 4 *Tradescantia subaspera Ker SPIDERWORT var. montana (Shuttlw. ex Small & Vail) Anderson & Woodson ^Tradescantia virginiana L. SPIDERWORT, widow'S-TEARS Order: Eriocaulales ERIOCAULACEAE (HATPIN FAMILY) Eriocaulon L. Eriocaulon aquaticum (Hill) Druce WHITE-BUTTONS, hatpins, pipewort {E. pellucidum Michx.; E. septangulare With.) 4 Eriocaulon parkeri Robinson ESTUARY HATPINS Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G3 SX 276 Order: Juncales JUNCACEAE (RUSH FAMILY) Juncus L. Juncus acuminatus Michx. SHARP-FRUITED RUSH (7. acuminatus var. legitimus Engelm. ex A. Gray; J. pallescens Meyer; J. paradoxus Meyer; J. pondii Wood) Juncus alpinoarticulatus Chaix ex Vill. ALPINE RUSH ssp. americanus (Farw.) Hamet-Ahti (J. afftnis R. Br.; J. alpinus Vill. var. fuscescens Fern.; var. insignis Fries ex Engelm.; var. rariflorus of authors, not Hartm.) Juncus ambiguus Guss. TOAD-RUSH [J. bufonius var. halophilus Fern. & Buch.; ssp. ranarius (Song. & Perr.) Fliit.; var. ranarius (Song. & Perr.) Hayek; J. ranarius Song. & Peru] Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G4T? SI Juncus articulatus L. JOINTED RUSH [J. articulatus var. obtusatus Engelm.; var. stolonifer (Wohl.) House; J. lampocarpus Ehrh. ex Hoffm.] Juncus balticus Wilid. BALTIC RUSH var. littoralis Engelm. [/. arcticus L. ssp. littoralis (Engelm.) Hulten; J. balticus var. littoralis Engelm.; /. litorum Rydb.] Juncus brachycarpus Engelm. ex A. Gray RUSH Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G4G5 SI Juncus brachycephalus (Engelm.) Buch. SMALL-HEADED RUSH (J. canadensis var. brachycephalus Engelm.; /. polycephalus var. depauperatus Torrey) Juncus brevicaudatus (Engelm.) Fern. NARROW-PANICLED RUSH {J. acuminatus of American authors, not Engelm. or Michx.) Juncus bufonius L. TOAD-RUSH Juncus canadensis Gay ex LaHarpe CANADA RUSH [J. canadensis var. longicaudatus Engelm.; var. sparsiflonis Fern.; /. longicaudatus (Engelm.) Mackz.] 277 *Juncus compressus Jacq. RUSH [/. bulbosus of authors, based on L. (1762), not L. (1753)] Juncus debilis A. Gray WEAK RUSH [/. acuminatus var. debilis (A. Gray) Englem. ex A. Gray; J. diffusissimus of NY reports, not Buckley] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Juncus dichotomus Ell. FORKED RUSH var. dichotomus [J. coriaceus of NY reports, not Mackz.; J. tenuis var. dichotomus (Ell.) Wood] var. platyphyllus Wiegand [/. platyphyllus (Wieg.) Fern.; J. tenuis var. platyphyllus (Wieg.) Corey] Juncus dudleyi Wieg. DUDLEY’S RUSH [/. tenuis var. dudleyi (Wieg.) F. Hermann ex I. Johnston; Junkus [sic] tenuis var. uniflorus Farw.] Juncus effusus L. COMMON RUSH, SMOOTH RUSH, SOFT RUSH *var. conglomeratus (L.) Engelm. ex A. Gray (/. conglomeratus L.; J. ejfusus var. compactus of authors, not Lej. & Court.; J. leersii T. Marsson) var. pylaei (LaHarpe) Fern. & Wieg. (/. effusus var. costulatus Fern.; var. decipens of American authors, not Buch.; J. pylaei LaHarpe) var. solutus Fern. & Wieg. [/. effusus ssp. solunis (Fern. & Wieg.) Hamet-Ahti] Juncus ensifolius Wikstrom ENSIFORM RUSH Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Juncus filiformis L. THREAD-RUSH Juncus gerardii Loisel. BLACK-GRASS [/. bulbosus of authors including L. (1762), not L. (1753); var. gerardii (Loisel.) A. Gray] Juncus greenei Oakes & Tuckerm. GREENE’S rush {J. vaseyi of NY reports, not Engelm.) Juncus inflexus L. BLUE rush (/. glaucus Ehrh.) 278 Juncus marginatus Rostk. GRASS-LEAF RUSH var. biflorus (Ell.) Chapin. [/. aristulatus Michx.; J. biflorus Ell.; J. marginatus var. aristulatus (Michx.) Cov.; var. odoratus Torrey; J. odoratus (Torrey) Steud.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI var. marginatus (J. marginatus var. paucicapitatus Engelm.; var. vulgaris Engelm.) 4 Juncus maritimus Lam. SEASIDE RUSH Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G5 SX Juncus militaris Bigel. BAYONET RUSH Juncus nodosus L. KNOTTED RUSH {J. paradoxus Meyer) Juncus pebcarpus Meyer BROWN-FRUITED RUSH (7. conradii Tuckerm. in Torrey) Juncus scirpoides Lam. SEDGE-RUSH (7. polycephalus var. crassifolius Torrey; var. tenuifolius Michx.; 7. scirpoides var. genuinus Buch.; var. meridionalis Buch.) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Juncus secundus Beauvois ex Poir. rush [7. tenuis var. secundus (Beauv. ex Poir.) Engelm.] Juncus stygius L. MOOR RUSH var. americanus Buch. [7. stygius ssp. americanus (Buch.) Hultdn] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5T5 SH Juncus subcaudatus (Engelm.) Cov. & S. Blake RUSH (7. canadensis var. subcaudatus Engelm.) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Juncus tenuis Willd. slender yard-rush [7. bicornis Michx.; var. williamsii (Fern.) Viet.; 7. macer S. Gray; var. anthelatus (Wieg.) Fern.; 7. tenuis var. williamsii Fern.; var. anthelatus Wieg.j Juncus torreyi Cov. TORREY’S RUSH [7. megacephalus (Torrey) Wood, not M. Curtis; 7. nodosus var. megacephalus Torrey] 279 Juncus trijldus L. HIGHLAND RUSH [/. trifidus ssp. carolimanus Hamet-Ahti; var. monanthos (Jacq.) Bluff & Fingerhuthj Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 Luzula DC. Synonyms: Juncus L. in part; Juncoides Adans. Luzula acuminata Raf. HAIRY wooD-RUSH [Juncoides carolinae (S. Wats.) Kuntze; L. acuminata var. carolinae (S. Wats.) Fern.; L. carolinae var. saltuensis (Fern.) Fern.; L. pilosa var. americana Schultes & Schultes; L. saltuensis Fern.] Luzula campestris (L.) DC. in Lam. & DC. COMMON wood-rush var. hulbosa A. Wood [Juncus campestre var. bulbosum (A. Wood) Cov. & S. Blake; L. hulbosa (Wood) Rydb.; L. multiflora var. bulbosa (Wood) F. Hermann] var. echinata (Small) Fern. & Wieg. [Juncoides intermedium var. echinatum (Small) House; L. echinata (Small) F. Hermann] var. multiflora (Retz.) Lej. [Juncus intermedius Thuill.; J. multiflorus Ehrh.; J. multiflorus Retz.; Juncoides intermedium (Thuill.) Rydb.; L. campestris ssp. multiflora (Retz.) Buch.; L. erecta Desv.; L. intermedia var. multiflora Spenner; L. multiflora (Retz.) Lej.; var. frigida Buch.] var. pallescens (Wahl.) Wahl. (L. pallescens Wahl.) *Luzula luzubides (Lam.) Dandy & Wilmott forest wood RUSH [Juncoides nemorosum (Poll.) Cov.; Juncus luzuloides Lam.; J. nemorosus Poll.; L. nemorosa (Poll.) Meyer] Luzub parviflora (Ehrh.) Desv. SMALL-FLOWERED WOOD-RUSH var. mebnocarpa (Michx.) A. Gray [Juncoides parviflorum (Ehrh.) Cov.; Juncus melanocarpus Michx.; L. melanocarpa (Michx.) Desv.; var. pallida Hooker; L. parviflora ssp. melanocarpa (Michx.) Hamet-Ahti; L. spadicea var. melanocarpa (Michx.) Meyer] Luzub spicata (L.) DC. ex Lam. & DC. SPIKED WOOD RUSH [Juncoides spicatum (L.) Kuntze; L. obtusata Steud.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI 280 Order: Cyperales CYPERACEAE (SEDGE FAMILY) Bulbostylis Kunth Synonym: Stenophyllus Raf. Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) Clarke sand-RUSH [Stenophyllus capillaris (L.) Britt.; var. cryptostachys Fern.] Carex L. Carex abscondita Mackz. SEDGE Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4G5 SI *Carex acutiformis Ehrh. SEDGE Carex aenea Fern. SEDGE Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Carex aestivalis Curtis ex A. Gray SEDGE Carex aestivalis x gracillima = C. x aestivaliformis Mackz. SEDGE Carex aggregata Mackz. SEDGE [C. sparganioides var. aggregata (Mackz.) Gleason] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Carex alata Torrey SEDGE Carex albicans SEDGE var. albicans [C. artitecta Mackz.; C. nigromarginata var. muhlenbergii (A. Gray) Gleason; C. varia of old NY reports, not Muhl. ex Willd.] var. emmonsii [C. emmonsii Dewey ex Torrey] Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5T5 S3 Carex albolutescens Schwein. SEDGE (C. longii of some NY reports, not Mackz.) Carex albursina Sheldon SEDGE (C. laxiflora var. latifolia Boott) 281 Carex alopecoidea Tuckerm. SEDGE Carex amphibola Steud. SEDGE var. amphibola Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5T4 SH var. rigida (Bailey) Fern. Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5T5 SH var. turgida Fern. (C. grisea Wahl.) Carex annectens (Bickn.) Bickn. sedge var. annectens var. xanthocarpa (Bickn.) Wieg. (C. brachyglossa Mackz.) Carex appalachica Webber & Ball SEDGE (C. radiata of some authors, not Small) Carex aquatilis Wahl. SEDGE [C. aquatilis var. altior (Rydb.) Fern.; C. substricta (Kiik.) Mackz. ex Rydb.j Carex arcta Boott sedge Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SH Carex arctata Boott ex Hooker SEDGE Carex arctata x castanea = C. x knieskernii Dewey SEDGE Carex argyrantha Tuckerm. SEDGE (C. foenea of some NY reports, not Willd.) Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 Carex atherodes Spreng. SEDGE Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Carex atlantica Bailey SEDGE ssp. atlantica [C. incomperta Bickn.; C. atlantica var. incomperta (Bickn.) Herm.] ssp. capillacea (Bailey) Reznicek (C. howei Mackz.) Carex atratiformis Britt. SEDGE Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI 282 Carex aurea Nutt. SEDGE Carex backii Boott SEDGE (C. durifolia Bailey) Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G4 S2 Carex baileyi Britt. SEDGE Carex barattii Schwein. & Torrey SEDGE Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4 SI Carex bebbii (Bailey) Olney ex Fern. SEDGE Carex bicknellii Britt, ex Britt. & Brown SEDGE Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 Carex bigelowii Torrey ex Schwein. SEDGE Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 Carex blanda Dewey SEDGE [C. laxiflora var. blanda (Dewey) Boott] Carex brevior (Dewey) Mackz. ex Lunell SEDGE Carex bromoides Schkuhr ex Willd. SEDGE Carex brunnescens (Pers.) Poir. ex Lam. SEDGE var. brunnescens var. sphaerostachya (Tuckerm.) Kuk. [C brunnescens ssp. sphaerostachya (Tuckerm.) Kalela] Carex bullata Schkuhr ex Willd. SEDGE Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Carex bushii Mackz. SEDGE Carex buxbaumii Wahl. SEDGE Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 Carex canescens L. SEDGE (C. canescens var. disjimcta Fern.; var. subloliacea Laest.) 283 Carex capillaris L. SEDGE [C capillaris ssp. chlorostachis (Slcv.) A. & D. Love & Raymond; var. elongata Olney; var. major Blytt] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Carex careyana Torrey ex Dewey SEDGE Carex caroliniana Schwein. SEDGE Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SH 4 *Carex caryophyllea Lat. sedge Carex castanea Wahl. SEDGE Carex cephaloidea (Dewey) Dewey SEDGE [C. sparganioides var. cephaloidea (Dewey) Carey] Carex cephabphora Muhl. ex Willd. SEDGE Carex chordorrhiza Ehrh. ex L. f. SEDGE Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 Carex collinsii Nutt. SEDGE Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G4 S1S2 Carex communis Bailey SEDGE Carex comosa Boott SEDGE Carex complanata Torrey & Hooker sedge Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI? Carex conjuncta Boott SEDGE Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4G5 SI Carex conoidea Schkuhr ex Willd. SEDGE Carex crawei Dewey ex Torrey SEDGE Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 Carex crawfordii Fern. SEDGE 284 Carex crinita Lam. SEDGE [C crinita var. brevicrinis Fern.; var. minor Boott; var. porteri (Olney) Fern.; var. simulans Fern.; C. nigromarginata var. minor (Boott) Gleason] Carex cristatella Britt, ex Britt. & Brown SEDGE Carex cryptolepis Mackz. SEDGE (C. flava var. fertilis M. Peck) Carex cumulata (Bailey) Mackz. SEDGE Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G3G4 S2S3 Carex davisii Schwein. & Torrey SEDGE Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G4 SI Carex debilis Michx. SEDGE var. debilis var. rudgei Bailey (C. flexuosa Muhl. ex Willd.) Carex decomposita Muhl. SEDGE Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G3G4 SH Carex deflexa Hornem. SEDGE Carex deweyana Schwein. SEDGE Carex diandra Schrank SEDGE Carex digitalis Willd. SEDGE Carex digitalis x laxiculmis = C. x copulata (Bailey) Mackz. SEDGE Carex disperma Dewey SEDGE Carex eburnea Boott ex Hooker SEDGE Carex echinata Murr. SEDGE [C. angustior Mackz. ex Rydb.; C. cephalantha (Bailey) Bickn.; C. muricata of American authors, not L.j Carex emoryi Dewey ex Torrey SEDGE [C. stricta var. elongata (Bock) Gleason] Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G5 SI 285 Carex exilis Dewey SEDGE *Carex extensa Goodin. SEDGE Carex festucacea Schkuhr ex Willd. SEDGE (C straminea of some NY reports, not Schkuhr ex Willd.) *Carex flacca Schreb. SEDGE Carex flaccosperma Dewey sedge var. glaucodea (Tuckerm. ex OIney) Kuk. (C. glaucodea Tuckerm. ex OIney) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5T5 SI Carex flava L. SEDGE [C. flava var. laxior (Kuk.) Gleason; C. laxior (Kuk.) Mackz.] Carex foenea Willd. SEDGE (C. aenea Fern.) Carex folliculata L. SEDGE Carex formosa Dewey SEDGE Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G3 S2S3 Carex frankii Kunth SEDGE Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Carex garberi Fern. SEDGE [C. aurea Nutt, in part; C. garberi ssp. bifaria (Fern.) Hultdn; C. hassei Bailey] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4 SI? Carex gracilescens Steud. SEDGE [C. laxiflora var. gracillima (Boott) Robinson & Fern.] Carex gracillima Schwein. SEDGE Carex gracillima x hirtifolia = C. x sullivantii Boott SEDGE Carex granularis Muhl. ex Willd. SEDGE var. granularis var. haleana (OIney) Porter (C. shriveri Britt.) 286 Carex gravida Bailey SEDGE Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Carex grayi Carey SEDGE [C. asa-grayi Bailey; var. hispidula (A. Gray) Bailey; C. grayi var. hispidula A. Gray] Carex gynandra Schwein. SEDGE [C. crinita var. gynandra (Schwein.) Schwein. & Torrey] Carex gynocrates Wormsk. ex Drej. NORTHERN BOG SEDGE (C. dioica L. in part; C. gymnocrates of authors) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Carex haydenii Dewey SEDGE Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Carex hirsutella Mackz. SEDGE [C. complanata var. hirsuta (Bailey) Gleason; C. triceps Mackz.] *Carex hirta L. SEDGE Carex hirtifolia Mackz. SEDGE Carex hitchcockiana Dewey SEDGE Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 Carex hormathodes Fern. SEDGE (C. straminea var. invisa Boott) Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G4G5 S2 Carex houghtoniana Dewey SEDGE (C. houghtonii of authors, not Torrey) Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 Carex hyalinolepis Steud. SEDGE Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4G5 SI Carex hystericina Muhl. ex Willd. SEDGE (C. hystricina of authors) Carex interior Bailey SEDGE Carex intumescens Rudge SEDGE (C. intumescens var. fernaldii Bailey) 287 Carex jamesii Schwein. SEDGE Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 Carex laciistris Willd. SEDGE Carex laevivaginata (Kuk.) Mackz. ex Britt. & Brown SEDGE Carex lasiocarpa Ehrh. SEDGE ssp. americana (Fern.) Hult6n (C lasiocarpa var. americana Fern.) Carex laxiculmis Schwein. SEDGE Carex laxiflora Lam. SEDGE var. laxiflora (C. anceps Willd.) var. serrulata Herm. Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5T3T4 SH Carex leavenworthii Dewey SEDGE Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Carex lenticularis Michx. SEDGE (C. lenticularis var. blakei Dewey) *Carex leporina L. SEDGE (C. ovalis of authors, not Goodenough) Carex leptalea Wahl. SEDGE Carex leptonervia (Fern.) Fern. SEDGE Carex limosa L. SEDGE Carex livida (Wahl.) Willd. SEDGE var. radicalis Paine [C. livida var. grayana of NY reports, not (Dewey) Fern.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5T5 SI Carex longii Mackz. SEDGE Carex lucorum Willd. ex Link SEDGE [C. heliophila of NY reports, not Mackz.; C pensylvanica var. lucorum (Willd. ex Link) Fern.; var. distans M. Peck] Carex lupuliformis Sartw. ex Dewey SEDGE Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G3G4Q S3 288 Carex lupulina Muhl. ex Willd, SEDGE (C. X macounii Dewey; C. lupulina var. pedunculata A. Gray) Carex lurida Wahl. SEDGE (C. lurida var. exundans Bailey ex Britt. & Brown; var. flaccida Bailey) Carex meadii Dewey SEDGE Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G4G5 SH Carex merritt-fernaldii Mackz. SEDGE Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G5 S2 Carex mesochorea Mackz. SEDGE [C. cephalophora var. mesochorea (Mackz.) Gleason] Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G4G5 SI Carex michauxiana Boeckl. SEDGE (C. abacta Bailey) Carex mitchelliana Gurtis SEDGE [C. gynandra var. mitchelliana (Curtis) Gleason] Rarity Status: State: T TNG Rank: G3G4 S2 Carex molesta Mackz. SEDGE Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G4 S2 Carex muhlenbergii Schkuhr ex Willd. SEDGE var. enervis Boott (C. plana Mackz.) var. muhlenbergii Carex nigra (L.) Reich. SEDGE Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G5 SH Carex nigromarginata Schwein. SEDGE Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G4G5 SH Carex normalis Mackz. SEDGE Carex novae-angliae Schwein. SEDGE Carex oligocarpa Schkuhr ex Willd. SEDGE Carex oligosperma Michx. SEDGE 289 Carex ormostachya Wieg. SEDGE [C. laxiflora var. ormostachya (Wcig.) Gleason] Carex pallescens L. SEDGE (C. pallescens var. neogea Fern.) 4 *Carex panicea L. SEDGE Carex pauciflora Lightf. SEDGE Carex paupercula Michx. SEDGE var. irrigua (Wahl.) Fern. [C. magellanica ssp. irrigua (Wahl.) Hult6n] var. pallens Fern. Carex peckii Ilowe SEDGE [C. nigromarginata var. elliptica (Boott) Gleason] Carex pedunculata Muhl. ex Willd. SEDGE Carex pellita Muhl. SEDGE [C. lanuginosa of authors, not Michx.; C. lasiocarpa ssp. lanuginosa (Michx.) Clausen & Wahl.; var. latifolia (Boeck.) Gleason] Carex pensylvanica Lam. SEDGE (C. pensylvanica var. glumahunda Peck; var. gracilifolia Peck) Carex plantaginea Lam. PLANTAIN-SEDGE Carex platyphylla Carey BROAD-LEAF SEDGE =!!= Carex polymorpha Muhl. SEDGE Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G2 SX *Carex praegracilis Boott SEDGE Carex prairea Dewey ex Wood SEDGE Carex prasina Wahl. SEDGE Carex projecta Mackz. SEDGE Carex pseudocyperus L. sedge 290 Carex radiata (Wahl.) Small SEDGE (C. rosea of some authors, not Willd.) Carex retrojlexa Muhl. ex Willd. SEDGE Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Carex retrorsa Schwein. SEDGE 4 Carex richardsonii R. Br. SEDGE Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G4 SX Carex rosea Schkuhr ex Willd. SEDGE (C. convoluta Mackz.) Carex rostrata Stokes ex With. SEDGE var. utriculata (Boott) Bailey Carex rugosperma Mackz. SEDGE [C. umbellata, sensu Fernald (1950), not Schkuhr] Carex sartwellii Dewey SEDGE Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4 SI Carex scabrata Schwein. SEDGE Carex schweinitzii Dewey ex Schwein. SEDGE Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G3 S2 Carex scirpoidea Michx. SEDGE Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 SI Carex scoparia Schkuhr ex Willd. SEDGE var. scoparia var. tessellata Fern. & Wieg. Carex seorsa Ilowe ex Gord. & Howe SEDGE (C. rosaeoides Howe ex Gord. & Howe) Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G4 S2 Carex shortiana Dewey SHORT'S SEDGE Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Carex siccata Dewey SEDGE (C. foenea of some authors, not Willd.) Carex silicea Olney SEDGE 291 Carex sparganioides Muhl. ex Willd. SEDGE *Carex spicata Huds. SEDGE (C. muricata of some authors, not L.) Carex sprengelii Dewey ex Spreng. SEDGE Carex squarrosa L. SEDGE Carex sterilis Willd. SEDGE [C. rtmricata var. sterilis (Willd.) Gleason] Carex stipata Muhl. ex Willd. SEDGE Carex straminea Willd. ex Schkuhr sedge [C. albolutescens of NY reports, not Schwein.; C. richii (Fern.) Mackz.; C. siccata of some NY reports, not Dewey] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Carex striata Michx. SEDGE var. brevis Bailey [Carex walteriana Bailey var. brevis (Bailey) Bailey] Carex striatula Michx. sedge (C. laxiflora var. angnstifolia Dewey; var. latifolia of Staten Island reports, not Boott) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4G5 SI Carex stricta Lam. TUSSOCK-SEDGE, HUMMOCK SEDGE [C. stricta var. strictior (Dewey ex Wood) Carey; C. strictior Dewey ex Wood; var. angustata (Boott) Bailey] Carex stybjlexa Buckl. SEDGE Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4G5 SI Carex swanii (Fern.) Mackz. SEDGE Carex sychnocephala Carey SEDGE Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4 SH *Carex sylvatica Iluds. SEDGE Carex tenera Dewey SEDGE [C. tenera var. echioides (Fern.) Wieg.] Carex tenuiflora Wahl, sedge Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI 292 *Carex texensis (Torrey) Bailey SEDGE [C. retroflexa var. texensis (Torrey) Fern.] Carex tetanica Schkuhr ex Willd. SEDGE Carex tincta Fern. SEDGE Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4G5 SH Carex tonsa (Fern.) Bickn. SEDGE (C. umbellata Schkuhr ex Willd. in part) Carex torta Boott ex Tuckerm. SEDGE Carex tribuloides Wahl. SEDGE Carex trichocarpa Schkuhr ex Willd. SEDGE (C. trichocarpa var. turbinata Dewey) Carex trisperma Dewey SEDGE var. billingsii Knight var. trisperma Carex tuckermanii Dewey SEDGE Carex typhina Michx. SEDGE Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 Carex umbellata Schkuhr ex Willd. SEDGE (C. abdita Bickn.) Carex vaginata Taush SEDGE Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Carex venusta Dewey SEDGE var. minor Boeckl. (C. oblita Steudel) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4T4 SI Carex vesicaria L. SEDGE var. distenta Fries \ar. jejuna Fern, var. monile (Tuckerm.) Fern, var. vesicaria Carex vestita Willd. SEDGE 293 Carex virescens Muhl. ex Willd. SEDGE Carex viridula Michx. SEDGE (C. chlorophila Mackz.; C. irregularis Schwein.) Carex vulpinoidea Michx. SEDGE (C. setacea Dewey) Carex wiegandii Mackz. SEDGE Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G3 SI Carex willdenowii Schkuhr ex Willd. SEDGE Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Carex woodii Dewey SEDGE [C. tetanica var. woodii (Dewey) Wood] Cladium R. Br. Synonym: Mariscus (Hall) Zinn in part Cladium mariscoides (Muhl.) Torrey bog-RUSH, twig-RUSH [Mariscus mariscoides (Muhl.) Kuntze] Cyperus L. 4 *Cyperus acuminatus Torrey & Hooker CYPERUS, FLAT SEDGE *Cyperus amuricus Maxim. CYPERUS, FLAT SEDGE (C. iria of NY reports, not L.) Cyperus bipartitus Torrey CYPERUS, FLAT SEDGE (C. rivu laris Kunth) *Cyperus compressus L. CYPERUS, FLAT SEDGE Cyperus dentatus Torrey CYPERUS, FLAT sedge Cyperus diandrus Torrey CYPERUS, FLAT SEDGE (C. diandrus var. elongatus Britt.; C. fuscus of NY report, not L.) Cyperus echinatus (L.) A. Wood CYPERUS, FLAT SEDGE [C. ovularis (Michx.) Torrey] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI 294 Cyperus erythrorhizos Muhl. CYPERUS, FLAT SEDGE Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 *Cyperus esculentus L. YELLOW nut-GRASS var. leptostachym Boeck. var. macrostachyus Boeck. Cyperus filicinus Vahl CYPERUS, FLAT sedge (C. polystachyos var. macrostachyus Boeck.) Cyperus flavescens L. CYPERUS, FLAT sedge [C. flavescens var. poaeformis (Pursh) Fern.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI 4 *Cyperus flavicomus Michx. CYPERUS, FLAT sedge (C. albomarginatus Mart. & Schrad. ex Nees) Cyperus grayi Torrey CYPERUS, FLAT SEDGE Cyperus houghtonii Torrey CYPERUS, FLAT SEDGE Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G4? S3 4 *Cyperus involucratus Rottb. CYPERUS, FLAT SEDGE (C. alternifolius of authors, not L.) Cyperus lupulinus (Spreng.) Marcks CYPERUS, FLAT SEDGE ssp. lupulinus (C. filiculmis of authors, not Vahl) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 S1S2 ssp. macilentus (Fern.) Marcks (C. filiculmis var. macilentus Fern.) Cyperus odoratus L. CYPERUS, FLAT SEDGE (C. engelmannii Steud.; C. ferax L. Rich.; C. femiginescens Boeck.; C. speciosus Vahl) Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2S3 4 Cyperus plukenetii Fern. GALINGALE, FLAT SEDGE [C. retrofractus of authors, not (L.) Torrey] Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G5 SX Cyperus polystachyos Rottb. CYPERUS, FLATSEDGE var. texensis (Torrey) Fern. Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5T5 S2 295 Cyperus retrorsm Chapm. CYPERUS, FLAT SEDGE Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI 4 *Cyperus rotundas L. PURPLE NUT-GRASS, COCO-GRASS Cyperus schweinitzii Torrey CYPERUS, FLAT SEDGE Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 Cyperus squarrosus L. CYPERUS, FLAT SEDGE (C aristatus Rottb.; C. inflexus Muhl.) Cyperus strigosus L. GALINGALE, CYPERUS, FLAT SEDGE (C. strigosus var. robustior Britt.) Dulichium L. Rich, ex Pers. Dulichium arundinaceum (L.) Britt. THREE-WAY SEDGE Eleocharis R. Br. Synonym: Scirpus L. in part Eleocharis acicularis (L.) R. & S. HAIRGRASS; SLENDER SPIKERUSH, NEEDLE SPIKERUSH Eleocharis elliptica Kunth SLENDER SPIKERUSH var. elliptica [E. aciiminatus (Muhl.) Nees {acuminata)-, E. capitata (L.) R. Br.; E. compressa Sulliv.; E. tenuis of NY reports, not (Willd.) Schultes] var. pseudoptera (Weath.) Harms [E. tenuis var. pseudoptera (Weath.) Svens.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5T? SI Eleocharis engelmannii Steud. SPIKERUSH [E. obtusa var. detonsa (A. Gray) Drap. & Mohl.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Eleocharis equisetoides (Ell.) Torrey KNOTTED SPIKERUSH [E. interstincta (Vahl) R.Br. in part] Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G4 S2 Eleocharis erythropoda Steud. SPIKERUSH [E. glaucescens (Willd.) R. & S.; E. calva Torrey] 296 Eleocharis fallax Weath. SPIKERUSH (E. ambigens Fern.) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4G5 SI Eleocharis flavescens (Poir.) Urban. SPIKERUSH [E. flavescens var. olivacea (Torrey) Gleason; E. olivacea Torrey] Eleocharis habphila (Fern. & Brack.) Fern. & Brack. SPIKERUSH Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G4 S2 Eleocharis intermedia Schultes SPIKERUSH {E. reclinata Kunth; var. habereri House) Eleocharis melanocarpa Torrey black-FRUITED SPIKERUSH Eleocharis microcarpa Torrey SPIKERUSH (£■. microcarpa var. filiculmis Torrey; E. torreyana Boekl.) Eleocharis obtusa (Willd.) Schultes SPIKERUSH var. obtusa (E. diandra Wright; E. obtusa var. ellipsoides Fern.; var. jejuna Fern.) var. ovata (Roth) Drap. & Mohl. [E. annua (Thuill.) House; E. ovata (Roth) R. & S.] Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5T4Q S1S2 Eleocharis palustris (L.) R. & S. CREEPING SPIKERUSH (E. palustris var. major Sonder) Eleocharis parvula (R. & S.) Link ex Buff. & Fing. DWARF SPIKERUSH (Scirpus nanus Spreng.) Eleocharis pauciflora (Lightf.) Link SPIKERUSH {Scirpus pauciflorus Lightf.; E. quinqueflora var. fernaldii Svens.) Eleocharis quadrangulata (Michx.) R. & S. ANGLED SPIKERUSH [E. mutata (L.) R.Br. in part; E. quadrangulata var. crassior Fern.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4 SI Eleocharis robbinsii Oakes SPIKERUSH Eleocharis rostellata (Torrey) Torrey SPIKERUSH Eleocharis smallii Britt. SPIKERUSH {E. palustris var. major Sonder) 297 4 Eleocharis tortilis (Link) Schultes TWISTED SPIKERUSH [E. simplex (Ell.) A. Dietr.] Rarity Status: State: U TNG Rank: G5 SX Eleocharis tricostata Torrey THREE-RIBBED SPIKERUSH Rarity Status: State: T TNG Rank: G4 SI Eleocharis tuberculosa (Michx.) R. & S. SPIKERUSH Rarity Status: State: T TNG Rank: G5 S2 4 *Eleocharis wolfii (A. Gray) A. Gray ex Britt. SPIKERUSH Eriophorum L. Eriophorum angustifolium Honck. COTTONGRASS ssp. scabriusculum Hult^n {E. angustifolium var. majus Schulz) Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G5 SH Eriophorum gracile Koch ex Roth SLENDER COTTONGRASS Eriophorum tenellum Nutt. ROUGH COTTONGRASS Eriophorum vaginatum L. HARE’S-TAIL, COTTONGRASS ssp. spissum (Fern.) Hult^n {E. spissum Fern.; E. callithrix of authors, not Cham.) Eriophorum virginicum L. tawny COTTONGRASS (E. virginicum var. album A. Gray) Eriophorum viridi-carinatum (Engeim.) Fern. COTTON-GRASS Fimbristylis Vahl Synonym: Trichelostylis Lestib. Fimbristylis autumnalis (L.) R. & S. SEDGE, RUSH, FIMBRY [F. autumnalis var. mucronulata (Michx.) Fern.; Trichelostylis autumnalis (L.) Nees; T. mucronulata (Michx.) Torrey] 4 Fimbristylis caroliniana (Lam.) Fern. SEDGE, RUSH, FIMBRY Rarity Status: State: U TNG Rank: G4 SX Fimbristylis castanea (Michx.) Vahl SEDGE, RUSH, FIMBRY Rarity Status: State: T TNG Rank: G5 S2 298 I Fimbristylis puberula (Michx.) Vahl SEDGE, RUSH, FIMBRY [F. castanea var. puberula (Michx.) Britt.; F. dnimmondii (Torrey & Hooker) Boeckl.j Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G5 SX Fuirena Rottb. Fuirena pumila (Torrey) Spreng. UMBRELLA-GRASS (F. hispida of NY reports, not Ell.; F. squarrosa of NY reports, in large part, not Michx.) 4 Fuirena squarrosa Michx. UMBRELLA-GRASS Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G4G5 SX Kyllinga Rottb. Synonym: Cyperus L. in part *Kyllinga gracillima Miq. SEDGE [Cyperus brevifolioides Del. & Thieret; K. brevifolioides (Del. & Thieret) G. Tucker] *Kyllinga pumila Michx. SEDGE [Cyperus tenuifolius (Steud.) Dandy] Lipocarpha R. Br. Synonym: Hemicarpha Nees & Arn. in part Lipocarpha micrantha (Vahl) G. Tucker RUSH, SEDGE [Hemicarpha micrantha (Vahl) Pax ex Engl. & Prantl] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4 SI Rhynchospora Vahl Synonyms: Ceratoschoenus Nees; Psilocarya Torrey Rhynchospora alba (L.) Vahl WHITE BEAKRUSH Rhynchospora capillacea Torrey BEAKRUSH Rhynchospora capitellata (Michx.) Vahl BEAKRUSH [R. glomerata of NY reports, not (L.) Vahl] 299 4 Rhynchospora cephalantha A. Gray BEAKRUSH [R. axillaris (Lam.) Britt.] Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G5 SX 4 Rhynchospora chalarocephala Fern. & Gale BEAKRUSH Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G5 SX Rhynchospora fusca (L.) Ait. f. SOOTY BEAKRUSH 4 Rhynchospora globularis (Chapm.) Small BEAKRUSH Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G4 SX 4 Rhynchospora gracilenta A. Gray SLENDER BEAKRUSH Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G5 SX Rhynchospora inundata (Oakes) Fern. HORNED RUSH [Ceratoshoenus inundatiis (Oakes) House] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G3G4 SI Rhynchospora macrostachya Torrey ex A. Gray HORNED RUSH [Ceratoschoenus macrostachys (Torrey ex A. Gray) Torrey] Rhynchospora nitens (Vahl) A. Gray BALD-RUSH [Psilocarya nitens (Vahl) Wood] Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G4 S2 Rhynchospora scirpoides (Torrey) A. Gray BALD RUSH {Psilocarya scirpoides Torrey) Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G4 S3 Rhynchospora torreyana A. Gray TORREY’S BEAKRUSH Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4 SH Scirpus L. Synonyms: Eriophonim L. in part; Bolboshoenus Pall.; Schoenoplectus (Reichenb.) Palla Scirpus acutus Muhl. ex Bigel. HAI^D-STEM BULRUSH, TULE [Schoenoplectus acutus (Muhl.) A. & D. Love] Scirpus acutus x heterochaetus = S. x oblongus Koyama BULRUSH Scirpus acutus x tabernaemontani BULRUSH 300 Scirpus americanus Pers. THREE-SQUARE, SWORDGRASS [S. olneyi A. Gray; Schoenoplectiis americanus (Pers.) Volk, ex Schinz. & R. Keller] 4 Scirpus ancistrochaetus Schuyler NORTHEASTERN BULRUSH Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G2 SX Scirpus atrocinctus Fern. NORTHERN BULRUSH [S. atrocinctus var. condensatus (Peck) House; var. grandis Fern.; S. cyperinus var. brachypodus (Fern.) Gilly] Scirpus atrovirens Willd. BULRUSH (S. atrovirens var. sycnocephalus Cowles) Scirpus atrovirens x cyperinus = S. x peckii Britt. PECK’S BULRUSH Scirpus cespitosus L. BULRUSH (5. cespitosus var. callosus Bigel.) Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 Scirpus clintonii A. Gray CLINTON’S CLUBRUSH Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4 SI Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth WOOLGRASS, BULRUSH (5. eriophonim Michx.; S. cyperinus var. pelius Fern.; S. nibricosus Fern.) Scirpus expansus Fern. WOOD BULRUSH (5. sylvaticus L. in part) Scirpus fluviatilis (Torrey) A. Gray RIVER BULRUSH [Schoenoplectus fluviatilis (Torrey) M. Strong] Scirpus georgianus Harper BULRUSH [5. atrovirens var. georgianus (Harper) Fern, in part] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI *Scirpus glaucus Lam. SALTMARSH BULRUSH [Bolboshoenus glaucus (Lam.) Sm.; 5. maritimus var. ruberosus of authors, not (Desk) R. & S.; S. tuberosus of authors, not Desk] Scirpus hattorianus Makino BULRUSH [S. atrovirens var. georgianus (Harper) Fern, in large part] 301 Scirpus heterochaetus Chase SLENDER BULRUSH [SchoenoplecTus heterochaetus (Chase) Soj^k] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI 4 *Scirpm holoschoenus L. BULRUSH Scirpus hudsonianus (Michx.) Fern. ALPINE BULRUSH, ALPINE COTTONGRASS {Eriophorum alpinum L.) 4 Scirpus longii Fern. LONG’S BULRUSH Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G2 SX Scirpus maritimus L. SEASIDE BULRUSH, PRAIRIE BULRUSH, SALTMARSH BULRUSH, BAYONET-GRASS [5. maritimus var. fernaldii (Bickn.) Beetle; S. paludosus A. Nels; var. atlanticus Fern.; Schoenoplectus maritimus (L.) K. Lye] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Scirpus microcarpus Presl BULRUSH (5. nibrotinctus Fern.) *Scirpus mucronatus L. BULRUSH Scirpus novae-angUae Britt, saltmarsh bulrush [5. cylindricus (Torrey) Britt., a nomen illeg.-, S. robustus Pursh in part; Schoenoplectus novae-angliae (Britt.) M. Strong] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Scirpus pedicellatus Fern. BULRUSH (5. pedicellatus var. pullus Fern.) Scirpus pendulus Muhl. BULRUSH (5. lineatus of authors, not Michx.) Scirpus polyphyllus Vahl LEAFY BULRUSH Scirpus pungens Vahl CHAIRMAKER’S RUSH, THREE-SQUARE [5. americanus of some authors, not Pers.; Schoenoplectus pungens (Vahl) Durieu & Jacks.] Scirpus purshianus Fern. BULRUSH [5. debilis Pursh; S. hotarui of authors, not Ohwi; S. smithii var. williamsii (Fern.) Beetle; Schoenoplectus purshianus (Fern.) M. Strong] 302 Scirpus robustus Pursh SALTMARSH BULRUSH [Schoenoplectiis robustiis (Pursh) M. Strong] Scirpus smithii A. Gray BULRUSH [Schoenoplectiis smithii (A. Gray) Soj^k] Scirpus subterminalis Torrey CLUBRUSH [5. subterminalis var. terrestris Paine; Schoenoplectus subterminalis (Torrey) Soj^k] Scirpus tabernaemontani Gmel. SOFT-STEM BULRUSH, TULE, GREAT BULRUSH, SOUTHERN BULRUSH [5. lacustris ssp. tabernaemontani (Gmel.) Syme; S. validus Vahl; Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (Gmel.) Palla] Scirpus torreyi Olney TORREY’S BULRUSH [Schoenoplectus torreyi (Olney) Palla] Scirpus verecundus Fern. CLUBRUSH [S. planifolius Muhl.; Trichophonim planifolium (Sprengel) Palla] Scleria Berg. Synonym: Hypoporum Nees Scleria minor (Britt.) Stone NUTRUSH, WHIPGRASS Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G4 SI Scleria paucijlora Muhl. ex Willd. NUTRUSH, WHIPGRASS var. caroliniana (Willd.) Wood Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G5T4T5 SI Scleria reticularis Michx. NUTRUSH, WHIPGRASS var. reticularis (S. muhlenbergii Steud.; S. setacea Poir.) var. pubescens Britt. Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G5T5 SI Scleria triglomerata Michx. NUTRUSH, WHIPGRASS (5. nitida Muhl. ex Willd.; S. triglomerata var. gracilis Britt.) Rarity Status: State: T TNG Rank: G5 S2 Scleria verticillata Muhl. ex Willd. NUTRUSH, WHIPGRASS [Hypoporum verticillatum (Muhl.) Nees] Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G4? SI 303 POACEAE (GRASS FAMILY) Aegilops L. 4 *Aegilops crassa Boiss. GOATGRASS *Aegibps cylindrica Host JOINTED GOATGRASS 4 *Aegilops geniculata Roth GOATGRASS (A. ovata of NY reports, not L.) 4 *Aegilops triuncialis L. BARBED goatweed Agropyron Gaertn. Synonym: Elymus L. in part *Agropyron cristatum L. CRESTED WHEAT-GRASS [A. desertomm (Fisch. ex Link) Schultes] 4 *Agropyron littorale Dumort. WHEATGRASS [A. piingens of authors; Elymus pycnanthus (Godr.) Meld.] 4 *Agropyron prostratum (L.) Beauv. WHEATGRASS Agrostis L. Agrostis altissima (Walt.) Tuckerm. BENTGRASS [A. perennans var. elata (Pursh) Hitchc.] * Agrostis canina L. VELVET BENT, BROWN BENT *Agrostis capillaris L. COLONIAL BENT, RHODE ISLAND BENT {A. tenuis Sibth.) Agrostis geminata Trin. BENTGRASS, HAIRGRASS [A. scabra var. geminata (Trin.) Swallen] *Agrostis gigantea Roth REDTOP, BLACK BENT [A. gigantea var. dispar (Michx.) Philipson; A. stolonifera var. major (Gaud.) Farw.; A. alba of authors, not L.] Agrostis hyemalis (Walt.) BSP. SOUTHERN HAIRGRASS, TICKLEGRASS 304 Agrostis mertensii Trin. NORTHERN BENTGRASS {A. borealis Hartm.) Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 Agrostis perennans (Walt.) Tuckerm. AUTUMN BENT, UPLAND BENT (A. schweinitzii Trin.) Agrostis scabra Willd. HAIRGRASS, FLY-AWAY GRASS, TICKLEGRASS (A. peckii House) Agrostis stolonifera L. CREEPING BENT, CARPET BENT var. palustris (Huds.) Farw. [A. alba var. palustris (Huds.) Pers.; A. palustris Huds.; var. stricta; A. maritima Lam.; A. stolonifera var. compacta Hartm.] var. stolonifera Aira L. Synonym: Aspris Adans. *Aira caryophyllea L. SILVER HAIRGRASS [Aspris caryophyllea (L.) Nash ex Britt. & Brown] *Aira praecox L. HAIRGRASS Alopecurus L. Alopecurm aequalis Sobol. SHORT-AWN FOXTAIL *Alopecurus carolinianus Walt. CAROLINA FOXTAIL * Alopecurus geniculatus L. marsh FOXTAIL, WATER FOXTAIL *'Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. SLENDER FOXTAIL * Alopecurus pratensis L. MEADOW FOXTAIL Ammophila Host Ammophila breviligulata Fern, beachgrass, DUNEGRASS Ammophila champlainensis Seymour CHAMPLAIN BEACHGRASS {A. breviligulata var. champlainensis of unpublished reports; no such transfer has been made, and the species is well-defined) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G1 SI 305 Amphicarpum Kunth Amphicarpum purshii Kunth ANNUAL PEANUT GRASS Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4 SI Andropogon L. Andropogon gerardii Vitman BIG BLUESTEM (A. fiircatus Muhl.) Andropogon glomeratus (Walt.) BSP. BUNCH broom-SEDGE [A. virginicus var. abbreviatiis (Hack.) Fern. & Grisc.] Andropogon virginicus L. BROOM-SEDGE Anthoxanthum L. Synonyms: Hierochloe R. Br.; Savastana Schrank; Torresia Ruiz & Pavon * Anthoxanthum aristatum Boiss. vernalgrass (A. puelii Lecoq & Lamotte) Anthoxanthum hirtum (Schrank) Schouten & Veidkamp INDIAN SWEETGRASS, VANILLA-GRASS ssp. arcticum (,J. Presl) G. Tucker [Hierochloe hirta (Schrank) Borbas ssp. arctica (J. Presl) Weimarck] Anthoxanthum monticolum (Bigel.) Veidkamp ALPINE SWEETGRASS ssp. orthanthum (S0rensen) G. Tucker [Hierochloe alpina (Willd.) R. & S. ssp. orthantha (S0rensen) G. Weimarck; Torresia alpina (Sw.) Hitchc.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Anthoxanthum nitens (Weber) Schouten & Veidkamp INDIAN SWEETGRASS, VANILLA-GRASS [Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv.; H. nashii (Bickn.) Kaczm.; Torresia nashii (Bickn.) House; T odorata (L.) Hitchc.] * Anthoxanthum odoratum L. SWEET VERNALGRASS Note: Under the current generic interpretation, Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv. is a synonym of A. nitens. 306 Apera Adans. Synonym: Agrostis L. in part *Apera interrupta (L.) Beauv. SILKY BENTGRASS {Agrostis interrupta L.) *Apera spica-venti (L.) Beauv. SILKY BENTGRASS {Agrostis spica-venti L.) Aristida L. 4 * Aristida adscensionis L. SIX- WEEKS THREE-AWN Aristida basiramea Engelm. ex Vasey THREE-AWN Aristida dichotoma Michx. POVERTY-GRASS, THREE-AWN Aristida longespica Poir. SLENDER THREE-AWN var. geniculata (Raf.) Fern, var. longespica {A. gracilis Ell.) * Aristida oligantha Michx. PRAIRIE THREE AWN Aristida purpurascens Poir. ARROW-FEATHER, ARROWGRASS Aristida tubercubsa Nutt. SEASIDE THREE-AWN, NEEDLEGRASS Arrhenatherum Beauv. *Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) Beauv. ex Presl & Presl TALL OATGRASS [A. elatius var. bulbosum (Willd.) Spenner] Arthraxon Beauv. *Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.) Makino ARTHRAXON [A. hispidus var. cryptatherus (Hack.) Honda] Arundinaria Michx. Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl. BAMBOO, CANE ssp. tecta (Walt.) McClure [A. tecta (Walt.) Muhl.} 307 Avena L. *Avena fatua L, OATS ssp.fatua WILD OATS ssp. sativa (L.) Thell. OATS {A. sativa L.) Beckmannia Host *Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fern. SLOUGH-GRASS ssp. haicalensis (Kusn.) Koy. & Kaw. [B. eniciformis (L.) Host] Bothriochloa Kuntze Synonym: Andropogon L. in part 4 *Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng BROOM-SEDGE {Andropogon ischaemum L.) Bouteloua Lag. Boutebua curtipendula (Michx.) Torrey SIDE-OATS GRAMA Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI *Bouteloua gracilis (Willd. ex Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths BLUE GRAMA Brachyelytrum Beauv. Brachyelytrum erectum (Schreb. ex Spreng.) Beauv. BEARDED SHORTHUSK Brachyelytrum septentrionale (Babel) G. Tucker NORTHERN SHORTHUSK [B. erectum var. septentrionale Babel] Briza L. *Briza maxima L. BIG QUAKING GRASS *Briza media L. QUAKING GRASS 4 *Briza minor L. LITTLE QUAKING GRASS (REPORT ONLY) Bromus L. *Bromus arvensis L. FIELD CHESS 308 I *Bromus briziformis Fisch. & Meyer RATTLESNAKE CHESS 4 *Bromus carinatus Hooker & Arn. CALIFORNIA BROME 4 *Bromus catharticus Vahl RESCUE GRASS [B- imioloides (Willd.) Kunth; B. willdenowii Kunth] Bromus ciliatus L. FRINGED BROME *Bromus commutatus Schrad. HAIRY CHESS *Bromm diandrus Roth RIPGUT GRASS (B. rigidus Roth) *Bromus erectus Huds. HUNGARIAN BROME, UPRIGHT BROME *Bromus hordeaceus L. SOFT CHESS {Bromus mollis of authors, not L.) *Bromus inermis Leyss. SMOOTH BROME, HUNGARIAN BROME, AWNLESS BROME (B. inermis var. divaricatus Rohl.) *Bromus japonicus Thunb. ex Murr. JAPANESE CHESS Bromus kalmii A. Gray BROME 4 *Bromus lanceolatus Roth BROME (B. macrostachys Desf.) Bromus latiglumis (Shear) Hitchc CANADA BROME [B. altissimus Pursh; B. incanus (Shear) Hitchc.] 4 *Bromus lepidus Holmb. BROME 4 *Bromus marginatus Nees ex Steud. BROME *Bromus pubescens Muhl. ex Willd, CANADA BROME {B. purgans of authors, not L.) *Bromus racemosus L, SOFT CHESS 4 *Bromus rubens L. FOXTAIL CHESS 4 *Bromus scoparius L. CHESS 309 *Bromus secalinus L. CHEAT, CHESS 4 *Bromus squarrosus L. CHESS *Bromus sterilis L. BARREN BROME *Bromus tectorum L. DOWNY CHESS Calamagrostis Adans. Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Beauv. BLUEJOINT GRASS var. canadensis (C. hyperborea Lange) var. langsdotfii (Link) Inman [C. langsdorfii (Link) Trin.; C. canadensis ssp. langsdorfii (Link) Hulten; var. scabra (J. Presl) Hitchc.] Calamagrostis cinnoides (Muhl.) Barton REEDGRASS [C. coarctata (Torrey) Eaton] * Calamagrostis epigeios (L.) Roth FEATHERTOP, BUSHGRASS Calamagrostis perplexa Scribn. CLAUSEN’S REEDGRASS [C. porteri ssp. perplexa (Scribn.) Clausen] Note: This is apparently an allotetraploid derived from a hybrid of C. canadensis and C. porteri. Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G1 SI Calamagrostis pickeringii A. Gray PICKERING’S REEDGRASS Calamagrostis porteri A. Gray PORTER’S REEDGRASS Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4TU S1S2 Calamagrostis stricta (Timm) Koeler NORTHERN REED GRASS ssp. inexpansa (A. Gray) C. Greene var. inexpansa [C. inexpansa A. Gray, C. neglecta Gaertn., a nomen illeg.; C. canadensis var. robusta (Vasey) Stebbins] Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5T4 SI var. lacustris (Kearn.) C. Greene [C. lacustris (Kearn.) Nash; C. pickeringii var. lacustris (Kearney) Hitchc.] ssp. stricta Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5T5 SI 310 Calamovilfa (A. Gray) Hack, ex Scribn. & Southw. *Calamovilfa bngifolia (Hooker) Scribn. DUNEGRASS var. magna Scribn. & Merr. Catapodium Link Synonyms: Catopodium of authors; Scleropoa Griseb. 4 *Catapodium rigidum (L.) Hubbard ex Dony CATAPODIUM [Scleropoa rigida (L.) Griseb.] Cenchrus L. Synonym: Pennisetum L. in part 4 *Cenchrus bifbrus Roxb. INDIA sandbur (C. barbatus Schum.) 4 *Cenchrus ciliaris L. BUFEEL-GRASS [Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link] Cenchrus bngispinus (Hack.) Fern. FIELD SANDBUR, sandspur (C. pauciflorus Benth.) Cenchrus tribubides L. DUNE SANDBUR, SANDSPUR Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G5 S3? Chasmanthium Link Synonym: Uniola L. in part 4 Chasmanthium laxum (L.) Yates SLENDER spikegrass [Uniola laxa (L.) BSP.] Rarity Status: State: U TNG Rank: G5 SX Chloris Sw. Synonym: Trichloris Trin. 4 *Chbris ciliata Sw. TEXAS FINGERGRASS 4 *Chbris crinita Lag. FINGERGRASS [Trichloris crinita (Lag.) Parodi] 311 *Chloris verticillata Nutt. WINDMILL GRASS =jr *Chtoris virgata Sw. FEATHER FINGERGRASS Cinna L. Cinna arundinacea L. STOUT WOODREED, WOOD reedgrass Cinna latifolia (Trev. ex Goepp.) Griseb. DROOPING WOODREED Coix L. 4 *Coix lacryma-jobi L. JOB’S-TEARS Corynephorus Beauv. *Corynephorus canescens (L.) Beauv. CLUBGRASS, SILVERGRASS Crypsis Ait. Synonym: Heleochloa Host, in part *Crypsis schoenoides (L.) Lam. CRYPSIS, HELEOCHLOA [Heleochloa schoenoides (L.) Host] Cynodon L. Rich. Synonym: Capriola Adans. *Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. BERMUDA grass [Capriola dactylon (L.) Kuntze] Cynosurus L. *Cynosurus cristatus L. CRESTED DOGTAIL 4 *Cynosurus echinatus L. SPINY DOGTAIL Dactylis L. *Dactylis glomerata L. ORCHARD GRASS Dactyloctenium Willd. 4 * Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd. FINGERGRASS, crowfoot 312 Danthonia Lam. & DC. Danthonia compressa Austin NORTHERN OATGRASS Danthonia spicata (L.) Beauv. ex R. & S. POVERTY-GRASS, june-GRASS, WHITE OATGRASS (Z). X allenii Austin; D. spicata var. longipila Scribn. & Merr.) Deschampsia Beauv. Synonyms: Aira L. in part; Vahlodea Fries ex Hartm. 4 Deschampsia atropurpurea (Wahl.) Scheele MOUNTAIN HAIRGRASS [Aira atropurpurea Wahl.; Vahlodea atropurpurea (Wahl.) Fries ex Hartm.] Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G5 SX Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) Beauv. tufted hairgrass {Aira cespitosa L.) ssp. cespitosa ssp. glauca (Hartm.) Hartm. 4 *Deschampsia danthonioides (Trin.) Munro ex Benth. annual HAIRGRASS Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin. COMMON HAIRGRASS {Aira flexuosa L.) Diarrhena Beauv. Diarrhena obovata (Gleason) Brandenb. beakgrain {D. americana Beauv. var. obovata Gleason) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Digitaria Heist, ex Fabr. Synonyms: Leptoloma Chase; Syntherisma Walt. *Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel. TALL CRABGRASS [D. sanguinalis of authors in part, not (L.) Scop.] Digitaria cognatum (Schultes) Pilger FALL WITCHGRASS [Leptoloma cognatum (Schultes) Chase] 313 Digitaria filiformis (L.) Koeler SLENDER CRABGRASS [Synfherisma filiformis (L.) Nash] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 S2 *Digitana ischaemum (Schreb. ex Schweig.) Schreb. ex Mubl. SMOOTH CRABGRASS [D. ischaemum var. mississippiensis (Gatt.) Fern.; Syntherisma ischaemum (Schreb. ex Schweig.) Nash] *Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. TALL CRABGRASS [D. adscendens (Kunth) Henr.; Syntherisma sanguinalis (L.) Dulac] Diplachne Beauv. Synonym: Leptochloa Beauv. *Diplachne acuminata Nash SPRANGLETOP [D. fascicularis var. acuminata (Nash) Gleason; Leptochloa acuminata (Nash) Mohlenbr.] *Diplachne fascicularis (Lam.) Beauv. SPRANGLETOP {Leptochloa fascicularis (Lam.) A. Gray] Diplachne maritima Bickn. SALT-MEADOW GRASS, SPRANGLETOP [Leptochloa fascicularis var. maritima (Bickn.) Gleason] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5T3 SI Distichlis Raf. Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene SPIKEGRASS, ALKALI GRASS Echinochloa Beauv. *Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv. BARNYARD GRASS ssp. crusgalli ssp. edulis Hitchc. JAPANESE MILLET [E. crusgalli var. edulis Hitchc.; var. frumentacea (Roxb.) Wight] Echinochba muricata (Beauv.) Fern. COCKSPUR GRASS, BARNYARD GRASS var. microstachya Wieg. [E. microstachya (Wieg.) Rydb.; E. occidentalis (Wieg.) Rydb.] var. muricata [E. crusgalli var. michauxii House; E. pungens (Poir.) Rydb.] Echinochloa walteri (Pursh) Heller WATER-MILLET, COCKSPUR GRASS 314 Eleusine Gaertn. *Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. GOOSEGRASS, YARDGRASS, wiREGRASS ={}= *Eleusine tristachya (Lam.) Lam. GOOSEGRASS, wiREGRASS (REPORT ONLY) Elymus L. Synonyms: Agropyron Gaertn. in part; Asprella Humb.; Hystrix Moench Elymus canadensis L. CANADA WILD -RYE {E. robustus Scribn. & Smith) Elymus glabriflorus L. WILD -RYE [E. australis Scribn. & Smith var. glabriflorus (Vasey) Wieg.; E. virginicus var. glabriflorus (Vasey) Bush] 4 *Elymus glaucus Buckley BLUE wiLD-RYE Elymus hystrix L. BOTTLEBRUSH var. bigebviana (Fern.) Bowden [Hystrix patula var. bigeloviana (Fern.) Deam] var. hystrix [Asprella hystrix (L.) Willd; Hystrix hystrix (L.) Millsp.; H patula Moench] Elymus hystrix x virginicus = E. ebingeri G. Tucker EBINGER’S WILD-RYE Elymus riparius Wieg. MARSH WILD-RYE Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners SLENDER wheatgrass ssp. subsecundus (Link) Barkworth & D. Dewey [Agropyron caninum (L.) Beauv.; A. trachycaulum var. glaucum (Pease & Moore) Make; var. majus (Vasey) Fern.; var. unilaterale (Vasey) Make; E. caninus (L.) L.] ssp. trachycaulus [Agropyron tenerum Vasey; A. trachycaulum (Link) Make ex Lewis; var. novae-angliae (Scribn. ex Brainerd) Fern.; A. violaceum (Hornem.) Lange] Elymus villosus Muhl. ex Willd. WILD-RYE var. arkansanus (Scribn. & Ball) J. Campbell [E. striatus Willd. var. arkansanus (Scribn. & Ball) Hitchc.] var. villosus 315 Elymus virginicus L. VIRGINIA WILD-RYE var. habphilus (Bickn.) Wieg. var. intermedius (Vasey) Bush \ar. jejunus (Ramaiey) Bush var. virginicus [E. virginicus var. glabriflorus (Vasey) Bush; var. hirsutiglumis (Scrib.) Hitchc.] Elymus wiegandii Fern, wiegand wild-RYE [E. canadensis var. wiegandii (Fern.) Bowd.] Elytrigia Desv. Synonym: Agropyron Gaertn. in part *Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski WHEATGRASS ssp. barbulata (Shur) A. Love [Agropyron intermedium (Host) Beauv.; var. trichophorum (Link) Halac.; A. trichophorum (Link.) Richt.; Elymus hispidus (Opiz) Meld.] *Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski QUACKGRASS, WITCH-GRASS, QUICKGRASS [Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.; var. littoreum Aiiderss.; var. nemorale Ajiderss.; var. pilosum Scribn.; Elymus repens (L.) Gould] Eragrostis von Wolf Eragrostis capillaris (L.) Nees LACEGRASS *Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Mosher STINKGRASS, skunk-GRASS, SNAKEGRASS [E. megastachya (Koel.) Link] *Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees weeping lovegrass Eragrostis frankii Meyer ex Steud. LACEGRASS Eragrostis hypnoides (Lam.) BSP. LOVEGRASS, PONY-GRASS *Eragrostis minor Host LOVEGRASS [E. eragrostis (L.) Beauv.; E. poaeoides R. & S.] Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees LOVEGRASS [E. caroliniana (Spreng.) Scribn.] 316 *Eragrostis pilosa (L.) Beauv. INDIA LOVEGRASS {E. multicaulis Steud.; E. peregrina Wieg.) Eragrostis spectabilis (Pursh) Steud. PURPLE LOVEGRASS, TUMBLEGRASS [£■. pectinacea of American authors, not (Michx.) Nees; E. spectabilis var. sparsihirsuta Farw.] *EragrosUs tephrosanthos Schultes LOVEGRASS 4 *Eragrostis trichodes (Nutt.) Wood LOVEGRASS Eremopyrum (Ledeb.) Jaub. & Spach Synonyms: Agropyron Gaertn. in part; Secale L. in part * Eremopyrum bonapartis (Spreng.) Bowden wheatgrass [Agropyron bonapartis (Spreng.) Durieu & Schinz] 4 *Eremopyrum orientate (L.) Jaub. & Spach ORIENTAL wheatgrass [Agropyron orientate (L.) R. & S.; Secale orientate L.] 4 *Eremopyrum triticeum (Gaertn.) Nevski RUSSIAN WHEATGRASS (Agropyron triticeum Gaertn.) Eriochloa Kunth 4 *Eriochloa acuminata (J. Presl) Kunth cupgrass [E. lemmonii Vasey & Scribn. var. gracilis (Fourn.) Gould] Eustachys Desv. Synonym: Chloris Sw. in part 4 *Eustachys retusa (Lag.) Kunth ARGENTINE FINGERGRASS [Chloris argentina (Hack.) Lillo & Parodi] Festuca L. *Festuca filiformis Pourret HAIR FESCUE [F. brachyphylla of NY report, not Schultes; F. capillata Lam.; F. ovina var. capillata (Lam.) Alef., F. tenuifolia Sibth.] *Festuca heterophylla Lam. FESCUE [F. rubra var. heterophylla (Lam.) Mutel] 317 *Festuca rubra L. RED FESCUE ssp./a/ar Thuill. CHEWING’S FESCUE rubra var. commutata Gaud.] ssp. rubra Festuca saximontana Rydb. SHEEP FESCUE [F. ovina var. saximontana (Rydb.) Gleason] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Festuca subverticillata (Pers.) Alexe’ev nodding fescue (F. obtusa Biehl. ex Spreng.) *Festuca trachyphylla (Hackel) Krajina SHEEP FESCUE, HARD FESCUE [F. duriuscula of authors, not L.; F. longifolia Thuill.; F. ovina var. ovina of some authors, not L.; var. duriuscula (L.) Koch; var. hispidula Richt.] Glyceria R. Br. Synonym: Panicularia Fabr. Glyceria acutiflora Torrey MANNAGRASS [Panicularia acutiflora (Torrey) Kuntze] =j|= Glyceria arkansana Fern. MANNAGRASS [G. septentrionalis Hitchc. var. arkansana Steyerm. & Kucera] Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G5 SX Note: There is a Sartwell specimen at Harvard (ca. 1840) labelled "western New York." Glyceria borealis (Nash) Batchelder NORTHERN MANNAGRASS {Panicularia borealis Nash) Glyceria canadensis (Michx.) Trin. RATTLESNAKE GRASS [Panicularia canadensis (Michx.) Kuntze] Glyceria canadensis x striata = G. x laxa (Scribn.) Scribn. MANNAGRASS [G. canadensis var. laxa (Scribn.) Hitchc.; Panicularia laxa Scribn.] 4 *Glyceria declinata Br6b. MANNAGRASS ^Glyceria fluitans (L.) R. Br. floating MANNAGRASS [Panicularia fluitans (L.) Kuntze] 318 Glyceria grandis S. Wats. REED meadowgrass [G. maxima ssp. grandis (S. Wats.) Hult6n; Panicularia grandis (S. Wats.) Nash] Glyceria melicaria (Michx.) Hubb. SLENDER MANNAGRASS [Panicularia melicaria (Michx.) Hitchc.] Glyceria melicaria x striata = G. x gatineauensis Bowden MANNAGRASS Glyceria obtusa (Muhl.) Trin. COASTAL MANNAGRASS [Panicularia obtusa (Muhl.) Kuntze] Glyceria septentrionalis Hitchc. floating MANNAGRASS [G. striata var. stricta (Scribn.) Fern.; Panicularia septentrionalis (Hitchc.) Bickn.] Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchc. FOWL MANNAGRASS [G. nervata (Willd.) Trin.; Panicularia nervata (Willd.) Kuntze] Holcus L. Synonym: Notholcus Nash ex Hitchc. in Jepson *Holcus lanatus L. VELVET GRASS [Notholcus lanatus (L.) Nash ex Hitchc. in Jepson] *Holcus mollis L. VELVET GRASS Hordeum L. *Hordeum brachyantherum Nevski MEADOW BARLEY *Hordeum jubatum L. FOXTAIL BARLEY, SQUIRREL-TAIL GRASS *Hordeum murinum L. WILD BARLEY ssp. leporinum (Link) Arcang. (H. leporinum Link) 4 * Hordeum pusillum Nutt. LITTLE BARLEY *Hordeum vulgare L. BARLEY, PEARL BARLEY [H. vulgare var. trifurcatum (Schlect.) Alef.] 319 Koeleria Pers. Synonym: Lophochloa Reichb. *Koeleria gerardii (Vill.) Shinners JUNEGRASS [K phleoides (Vill.) Pers.; Lophochloa cristata (L.) Hyl.] *Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) Schultes JUNEGRASS [K cristata Pers., a nomen illeg.; K. pyramidata (Lam.) Beauv.] Leersia Sw. Synonym: Homalocenchnis Mieg. Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw. RICE CUTGRASS [Homalocenchrus oryzoides (L.) Poll.] Leersia virginica Willd. WHITEGRASS, CUTGRASS [Homalocenchrus virginicus (Willd.) Britt.; L. virginica var. ovata (Poir.) Fern.] Leymus Hochst. Synonym: Elymus L. in part 4 *Leymus arenarius (L.) Hochst. LYME-GRASS, STRAND-GRASS [Elymus arenarius L.; E. mollis of NY reports, not Trin.] Lolium L. Synonyms: Bromus L. in part; Festuca L. in part *Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S. Darbyshire tall FESCUE, REED FESCUE, ALTA FESCUE, MEADOW FESCUE [Festuca arundinacea Schreb.; F. elatior var. arundinacea (Schreb.) Wimmer] *Lolium giganteum (L.) S. Darbyshire giant fescue [Bromus gigantea L.; Festuca gigantea (L.) Vill.] *Lolium perenne L. ENGLISH RYEGRASS, PERENNIAL ryegrass var. aristatum Willd. ITALIAN RYEGRASS [L. multiflorum Lam.; var. diminutum Mutel; L. perenne ssp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot; var. multiflorum (Lam.) Thuill. ex Bast.] var. perenne 320 4 *Lolium persicum Boiss. & Hoh. ex Boiss. RUSSIAN ryE-GRASS *Lolium pratense (Hudson) S. Darbyshire MEADOW FESCUE, ENGLISH BLUEGRASS (Festuca elatior L., a nomen confusum; F. pratensis Hudson) *Lolium temulentum L. DARNEL, POISON-GRASS Melica L. I *Melica altissima L. SIBERIAN MELIC Mibora Adans. Synonym: Agrostis L. in part 4 *Mibora minima (L.) Desv. MIBORA {Agrostis minima L.) Microstegium Nees Synonym: Eulalia Kunth in part *Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) Camus JAPANESE STILTGRASS [Eulalia viminea (Trin.) Kuntze] Milium L. Milium effusum L. MILLETGRASS Miscanthus Anderss. *Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Hack. JAPANESE PLUMEGRASS *Miscanthus sinensis Anderss. EULALIA Molinia Schrank Synonym: Aira L. in part *Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench MOORGRASS (Aira caerulea L.) 321 Muhlenbergia Schreb. Synonym: Sporobolus R. Br. in part *Muhlenbergia asperifolia (Nees & Meyer) Parodi SCRATCHGRASS 4 Muhlenbergia capillaris (Lam.) Trin. HAIRGRASS Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G5 SX Muhlenbergia frondosa (Poir.) Fern. WIRESTEM MUHLY [M. commutata (Scribn.) Bush; M. mexicana of some authors, not (L.) Trin.; M. mexicana var. commutata Scribn.] Muhlenbergia glomerata (Willd.) Trin. SPIKE MUHLY, MARSH TIMOTHY [M. glomerata var. cinnoides (Link) Hermann; M. racemosa of NY reports, not (Michx.) BSP.; var. violacea Scribn.] Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.) Trin. SATIN-GRASS, WOOD GRASS [M. foliosa (R. & S.) Trin.] Muhlenbergia schreberi Gmel. NIMBLE-WILL, DROPSEED Muhlenbergia sobolifera (Muhl.) Trin. CREEPING MUHLY Muhlenbergia sylvatica (Torrey) Torrey ex A. Gray WOODLAND DROPSEED, MUHLY (M. umbrosa Scribn.) var. robusta Fern, var. sylvatica (M. sylvatica var. attenuata Carpenter) Muhlenbergia tenuiflora (Willd.) BSP. WOODLAND DROP-SEED, MUHLY 4 Muhlenbergia torreyana (Schultes) Hitchc. TORREY’S MUHLY [Sporobolus torreyanus (Schultes) Nash] Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G3 SX Muhlenbergia uniflora (Muhl.) Fern. MUHLY [Sporobolus uniflorus (Muhl.) Scribn. & Merr.] Nardus L. *Nardus stricta L. MATGRASS 322 Oryzopsis Michx. Synonym: Stipa L. in part Oryzopsis asperifolia Michx. SPREADING RICEGRASS, WHITEGRASS Oryzopsis canadensis (Poir.) Trin. CANADA RICEGRASS, SLENDER MOUNTAIN RICEGRASS, FEATHERGRASS (Stipa canadensis Poir.) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Oryzopsis pungens (Torrey ex Spreng.) Hitchc. small ricegrass [O. canadensis, sensu Torrey’s Flora of NY, not (Poir.) Trin.] Oryzopsis racemosa (Sm.) Ricker ex Hitchc. RICEGRASS, MOUNTAIN RICE Panicum L. Synonym: Dichanthelium (Hitchc. & Chase) Gould Panicum acuminatum Sw. sensu lato PANIC GRASS Note: This is a problematic complex that includes many taxa described under the poorly defined genus Dichanthelium. [Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & Clark sensu lato\ P. albemarlense Nash; P. auburne Ashe; P. huachucae Ashe; var. sylvicola Hitch. & Chase; P. implicatum Scribn.; P. languidum Hitchc. & Chase; P. lanuginosum Ell. in part; P. lindheimeri Nash; P. nitidum Lam.; P. spretum Schultes; P. subvillosum Ashe; P. tennesseense Nash] Panicum acuminatum x dichotomum PANIC GRASS Panicum amarum Ell. PANIC GRASS 4 Panicum anceps Michx. panic GRASS Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G5 SX Panicum boreale Nash NORTHERN PANIC GRASS [Dichanthelium boreale (Nash) Freckmann; P. bicknellii var. calliphyllum (Ashe) Gleason; P. calliphyllum Ashe] Panicum boscii Poir. ex Lam. PANIC GRASS [Dichanthelium boscii (Poir.) Gould & C. Clark; P. boscii var. mode (Vasey) Hitchc. & Chase; P. latifolium L. in part] 323 Panicum capillare L. WITCHGRASS [P. capillare varieties of NY reports; P. barbipulvinatum Nash] Panicum clandestinum L. DEER-TONGUE, PANIC GRASS [Dichanthelium clandestinum (L.) Gould] Panicum commutatum Schultes panic grass [Dichanthelium commutatum (Schultes) Gould; P. ashei Pearson ex Ashe; P. commutatum var. ashei (Pearson ex Ashe) Fern.] Panicum depauperatum Muhl. POVERTY PANIC GRASS [Dichanthelium depauperatum (Muhl.) Gould; P. depauperatum var. psilophyllum Fern.] Panicum depauperatum x dichotomum = P. x bicknellii Nash panic GRASS Panicum dichotomijlorum Michx. SMOOTH PANIC GRASS var. dichotomiflorum [P. dichotomiflorum var. geniculatum (Wood) Fern.] var. puritanorum Svens. Panicum dichotomum L. panic grass [Dichanthelium dichotomum (L.) Gould; P. annulum Ashe; P. barbulatum Michx.; P. dichotomum var. barbulatum (Michx.) Wood; P. clutei Nash; P. lucidum Ashe; P. mattamuskeetense Ashe; P. microcarpon Muhl. ex Ell.; P. nitidum Lam.; P. roanokense Ashe] Panicum dichotomum x macrocarpon panic grass Panicum dichotomum x sabulorum var. thinium PANIC grass Panicum flexile (Gatt.) Scribn. wiry witch GRASS Rarity Status: State: T TNG Rank: G4G5 S2 Panicum gattingeri Nash WITCH GRASS (P. capillare var. campestre Gatt.) Panicum latifolium L. PANIC grass [Dichanthelium latifolium (L.) Gould & C. Clark] Panicum leibergii (Vasey) Scribn. PANIC GRASS [Dichanthelium leibergii (Vasey) Freckmann] Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G5 SI 324 Panicum linearifolium Scribn. ex Nash PANIC GRASS [Dichanthelium linearifolium (Scribn. ex Nash) Gould; P. werneri Scribn.; P. linearifolium var. werneri (Scribn.) Fern.; P. perlongum Nash] Panicum macrocarpon LeConte ex Torrey in Eaton panic grass (P. latifolium of American authors, not L.) Panicum meridionak Ashe PANIC GRASS [Dichanthelium meridionale (Ashe) Freckmann] *Panicum miliaceum L. PROSO, BROOMCORN-MILLET Panicum oUgosanthes Schultes PANIC GRASS var. oUgosanthes [Dichanthelium oUgosanthes (Schultes) Gould] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5T5? SH var. scribnerianum (Nash) Fern. [Dichanthelium oUgosanthes var. scribnerianum (Nash) Gould; P. scribnerianum Nash] Panicum ovak L. panic grass [Dichanthelium ovale (Ell.) Gould & C. Clark; P. addisonii Nash; P. commonsianum Ashe; var. addisonii (Nash) Pohl; P. malacon Nash; P. scoparioides Ashe; P. tsugetorum Nash] Panicum philadelphicum Bernh. ex Trin. WOODLAND WITCH GRASS Panicum rigidulum Bose ex Nees PANIC GRASS var. pubescens (Vasey) Lelong {P. longifolium Torrey) var. rigidulum (P. agrostoides Spreng.) Panicum sabulorum Lam. PANIC GRASS var. thinium (Hitchc. & Chase) C. Reed [Dichanthelium columbianum (Scribn.) Freckmann; D. sabulorum (Lam.) Gould & C. Clark; var. thinium (Hitchc. & Chase) Gould & C. Clark; P. columbianum Scribn.; P. oricola Hitchc. & Chase; P. tsugetorum Nash] Panicum scabriusculum Ell. panic GRASS [Dichanthelium scabriusculum (Ell.) Gould & C. Clark; P. aculeatum Hitchc. & Chase; P. recognitum Fern.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4 SI 325 Panicum scoparium Lam. VELVET PANIC grass [Dichanthelium scoparium (Lam.) Gould] Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G5 SI Panicum sphaerocarpon Ell. panic GRASS var. isophyllum (Scribn.) Angelo [Dichanthelium polyanthes (Schultes) Mohl.; P. polyanthes Schultes] var. sphaerocarpon [Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon (Ell.) Gould; P. sphaerocarpon Ell.] Panicum stipitatum Nash PANIC GRASS Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G4G5 SH Panicum tuckermanii Fern, panic grass [P. philadelphicum var. tuckermanii (Fern.) Steyerm. & Schmoll] Panicum verrucosum Muhl. PANIC GRASS Panicum villosissimum Nash panic grass [Dichanthelium villosissimum (Nash) Freckmann; P. pseudopubescens Nash] Panicum virgatum L. SWITCHGRASS var. spissum Linder var. virgatum {P. virgatum var. cubense Griseb.) Panicum wrightianum Scribn. PANIC GRASS [Dichanthelium wrightianum (Scribn.) Freckmann] Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G4 S1S2 Panicum xanthophysum A. Gray PANIC grass [Dichanthelium xanthophysum (A. Gray) Freckmann] Pappophorum Schreb. 4 *Pappophorum bicolor Fourn. PAPPUS GRASS 4 *Pappophorum vaginatum Buckl. PAPPUS GRASS (P. mucronulatum of authors, not Nees) Pascopyrum A. Love Synonym: Agropyrum L. in part 4 *Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) A. Love WESTERN wheatgrass (Agropyron smithii Rydb.) 326 Paspalum L. Paspalum laeve Michx. FIELD BEADGRASS, PASPALUM var. circulate (Nash) Fern. (P. circulate Nash) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5TU SI var. pilosum Scribn. (P. plenipilum Nash) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: GST? SI Paspalum setaceum Michx. SLENDER BEADGRASS, PASPALUM var. muhlenbergii (Nash) Banks \P. pubescens Muhl.; var. muhlenbergii (Nash) House] var. psammophilum (Nash) Banks {P. psammophilum Nash) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5T4 SI var. setaceum {P. debile Michx.; P. setaceum Michx.) Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5T5 S2 var. stramineum (Nash) Banks [P. ciliatifolium var. stramineum (Nash) Fern.; P. stramineum Nash] Pennisetum L. Rich, ex Pers. =!!= *Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng. CHINESE MiLLET-GRASS Phalaris L. Phalaris arundinacea L. REED CANARY-GRASS (P. arundinacea var. picta L.) *Phalaris canariensis L. CANARY-GRASS Phleum L. 4 *Phleum arenarium L. TIMOTHY 4 *Phleum paniculatum Huds. TIMOTHY *Phleum pratense L. TIMOTHY, HERD-GRASS ssp. nodosum (L.) Arcang. [P. pratense var. nodosum (L.) Huds.] ssp. pratense 327 Phragmites Adans. *Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. COMMON REED, REEDGRASS {P. communis Trin.) Piptochaetium Presl Synonym: Stipa L. in part Piptochaetium avenaceum (L.) Parodi BLACK OATGRASS (Stipa avenacea L.) Poa L. Poa alsodes A. Gray SPEARGRASS, woodland bluegrass *Poa annua L. SPEARGRASS, ANNUAL bluegrass *Poa bulbosa L. BULBOUS BLUEGRASS *Poa chaixii Vill. TALL BLUEGRASS *Poa chapmaniana Scribn. bluegrass *Poa compressa L. Canada bluegrass, wiregrass Poa cuspidata Nutt. BLUEGRASS Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SH Poa fernaldiana Nannf. FERNALD'S BLUEGRASS [P. laxa of NY reports, not Haenke ex Jirasek; P. laxa ssp. fernaldiana (Nannf.) Hyl.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G3 SI Poa glauca Vahl BLUEGRASS ssp. glaucantha (Gaudin) Lindman Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SH Poa interior Rydb. INLAND BLUEGRASS [P. nemoralis var. interior (Rydb.) Butters & Abbe] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SH Poa languida Hitchc. LANGUID BLUEGRASS *Poa nemoralis L. WOOD BLUEGRASS 328 Poa paludigena Fern. & Wieg. SLENDER MARSH BLUEGRASS Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G3 SI Poa palustris L. FOWL BLUEGRASS, FOWL MEADOWGRASS *Poa pratensis L. KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS {P. pratensis varieties; P. angiistifolia L.) Poa saltuensis Fern. & Wieg. old-PASTURE BLUEGRASS, woodland BLUEGRASS {P. debilis Torrey, not Thuill.) Poa sylvestris A. Gray woodland bluegrass Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI *Poa trivialis L. ROUGH BLUEGRASS Polypogon Desf. 4 *Polypogon interruptus Kunth DITCH POLYPOGON * Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. RABBITFOOT GRASS Puccinellia Pari. *Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Pari. ALKALI-GRASS, GOOSEGRASS ssp. borealis (Holmb.) W.E. Hughes [P. distans var. angustifolia (Blytt) Holmb.] ssp. distans {P. nuttalliana of NY reports, not (Schultes) Hitchc.] Puccinellia fasciculata (Torrey) Bickn. SALTMARSH GOOSEGRASS *Puccinellia maritima (finds.) Pari. SEASIDE SPEARGRASS Saccharum L. Synonym: Erianthus Michx. in part 4 Saccharum giganteum (Walt.) Pers. GIANT BEARDGRASS [Erianthus giganteus (Walt.) Beauv.; var. compactus (Nash) Fern.] Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G5 SX 329 Schizachne Hack. Synonym: Melica L. in part Schizachne purpurascens (Torrey) Swallen FALSE MELIC [Melica purpurascens (Torrey) Hitchc.] Schizachyrium Nees Synonym: Andropogon L. in part Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash LITTLE BLUE-STEM, BEARDGRASS ssp. littorale (Nash) Gandhi & Smeins [Andropogon littoralis Nash; A. scoparius var. littoralis (Nash) Hitchc.] ssp. scoparium (Andropogon scoparius Michx.; var. septentrionalis Fern. & Grisc.; var. frequens Hubbard; var. glaucescens House) Sclerochloa Beauv. 4 *Sclerochba dura (L.) Beauv. HARD GRASS Secale L. *Secale cereale L. RYE, WILD RYE Setaria Beauv. Synonym: Chaetochloa Scribn. *Setaria faheri Ilerrm. GIAN T FOXTAIL, CHINESE FOXTAIL *Setaria italica (L.) Beauv. FOXTAIL MILLET [Chaetochloa italica (L.) Scribn.] Setaria parvijlora (Poir.) Kerguelen KNOTROOT BRISTLEGRASS [Chaetochloa geniculata (Lam.) Millsp. & Chase; var. perennis (Hall) House; 5. geniculata (Lam.) Beauv.] *Setaria pumila (Poir.) Schultes YELLOW FOXTAIL, PIGEONGRASS [Chaetochloa lutescens (Weigel) Stuntz; S. glauca (L.) Beauv., S. lutescens (Weigel) Hubbard] *Setaria verlicillata (L.) Beauv. BUR BRISTLEGRASS [Chaetochloa verticillata (L.) Scribn.] 330 *Setaria verticilliformis Dumort. HOOKED BRISTLEGRASS [Chaetochloa ambigua (Guss.) Scribn. & Merr.; 5. verticillata var. ambigua (Guss.) Pari.] *Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. GREEN FOXTAIL, BOTTLEGRASS [Chaetochloa viridis (L.) Scribn.; var. weinmannii (R. & S.) House; S. viridis var. weinmannii (R. & S.) Borb^s] Sorghastrum Nash Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash ex Small INDIAN GRASS Sorghum Moench Synonym: Holcus L. in part 4 *Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench SORGHUM, BROOMCORN {Holcus sorghum L.) ^Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. JOHNSON GRASS {Holcus halepensis L.) Spartina Schreb. Spartina alterniflora Loisel CORDGRASS, SALTGRASS [5. alterniflora var. glabra (Muhl.) Fern.; S. alterniflora var. pilosa (Merr.) Fern.] Spartina cynosuroides (L.) Roth salt reedgrass, tall cordgrass [5. cynosuroides var. polystachya (Michx.) Beal ex Fern.] Spartina patens (Ait.) Muhl. salt-meadowgrass, high-water grass [5. patens var. monogyna (Curtis) Fern.] Spartina patens x pectinata = 5. x caespitosa A. Eaton SALT MEADOWGRASS, CORDGRASS [5. patens var. caespitosa (Eaton) Hitchc.] Spartina pectinata Link FRESHWATER cordgrass, prairie CORDGRASS [5. michauxiana Hitche.; S. pectinata var. suttiei (Farw.) Fern.] Sphenopholis Scribn. Synonym: Trisetum Pers. in part Sphenopholis nitida (Biehl.) Scribn. WEDGEGRASS 331 Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. PRAIRIE WEDGEGRASS var. major (Torrey) Erdm. SLENDER WEDGEGRASS [S. intermedia (Rydb.) Rydb.; S. x pallens of NY reports, not (Biehl.) Scribn.] var. obtusata [Y obtusata var. lobata (Trin.) Scribn.; S. obtusata var. pubescens (Scribn. & Merr.) Scribn.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5T5 SI Sphenopholis pensylvanica (L.) Hitchc. swamp oats [Trisetum pensylvanicum (L.) Beauv. ex R. & S.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4 SI Sporobolus R. Br. 4 *Sporobolus airoides (Torrey) Torrey FINETOP SAl.TGRASS Sporobolus asper (Michx.) Kunth DROPSEED, RUSUGRASS Sporobolus clandestinus (Biehl.) Hitchc. ROUGH rush-GRASS Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI *Sporobolus contractus Hitchc. SAND DROPSEED (5. cryptandms var. strictus Scribn.) *Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torrey) A. Gray SAND DROPSEED Sporobolus heterolepis (A. Gray) A. Gray NORTHERN DROPSEED, PRAIRIE DROPSEED Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI 4 *Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. SMUTGRASS, BLACKSEED [Y poirettii (R. & S.) Hitchc.] Sporobolus neglectus Nash poverty-grass, small rushgrass 4 *Sporobolus pyramidatus (Lam.) Hitchc. PLAINS DROPSEED Sporobolus vaginiJJorus (Torrey ex A. Gray) Wood POVERTY-GRASS, SHEATHED RUSHGRASS (5. vaginiflonis var. inaequalis Fern.) Stipa L. 4 *Stipa comata Trin. & Rupr. FEATHERGRASS 332 4 *Stipa viridula Trin. GREEN NEEDLEGRASS, FEATHER BUNCHGRASS Taeniatherum Nevski Synonym: Etymus L. in part 4 *Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) Nevski RYE-WEED (Etymus caput-medusae L.) Torreyochloa Church Synonyms: Gtyceria R. Br. in part; Panicularia Fabr. in part Torreyochloa pallida (Torrey) Church PALE MANNAGRASS \2ir. fernaMii (Hitchc.) Church [Gtyceria fernaldii (Hitchc.) St. John; Panicularia fernaldii (Hitchc.) House; Puccinellia pallida (Torrey) Clausen in part] var. pallida [Panicularia pallida (Torrey) Kuntze; Ihiccinellia pallida (Torrey) Clausen in part; Gtyceria pallida (Torrey) Trin.] Tragus Haller Synonym: Nazia Adans. 4 *Tragus berteronianus Schultes TEXAS BUR 4 *Tragus racemosus (L.) All. TEXAS bur [Nazia racemosa (L.) Kuntze] Tridens R, & S. Synonym: Triodia R. Br. Tridens flavus (L.) Hitchc. PURPLETOP, TALL redtop [Triodia flava (L.) Smyth] Triplasis Beauv. Triplasis purpurea (Walt.) Chapm. PURPLE SANDGRASS Tripsacum L. Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L. GAMMA GRASS Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 333 Trisetum Pers. 4 *Trisetum flavescens (L.) Beauv. YELLOW OATS Trisetum melicoides (Michx.) Scribn. MELIC-OATS Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4 SI Trisetum spicatum (L.) Richt. OATGRASS [T. spicatum ssp. pilosiglume (Fern.) Hulten; var. molle (Michx.) Beal; var. pilosiglume Fern.; T. triflonim (Bigel.) A. & D. Love] Triticum L. *Triticum aestivum L. HEXAPLOID WHEAT, BREAD WHEAT (T. vulgare Vill.) *Triticum turgidum L. TETRAPLOID WHEAT, DURUM WHEAT Ventenata Koel. *Ventenata dubia (Leers) Coss. & Durieu SOFT-BEARDED OATGRASS Vulpia K. Gmel. Synonyms: Bromus L. in part; Festuca L. in part 4 *Vulpia bromoides (L.) S. Gray BROME-FESCUE [Bromus dertonensis All.; Festuca bromoides L.; F. dertonensis (All.) Aschers. & Grabn.] * Vulpia myuros (L.) Gmel. FOXTAIL FESCUE, RAT-TAIL, SIX-WEEKS-GRASS {Festuca myuros L.) Vulpia octoflora (Walt.) Rydb. SIX-WEEKS-FESCUE, SIX-WEEKS-GRASS {Festuca octoflora Walt.) var. glauca (Nutt.) Fern. \V. octoflora var. tenella (Willd.) Fern.) Zea L. *Zea mays L. CORN, SWEETCORN, maize 334 Zizania L. Zizania aquatica L. SOUTHERN WILD RICE, INDIAN RICE (Z. palustris of early American authors, not L.) Zizania palustris L. WILD RICE (Z. aquatica of early American authors, not L.; Z. aquatica var. angustifolia Hitchc.; Z aquatica var. interior Fassett) Order: Typhales SPARGANIACEAE (BUR-REED FAMILY) Sparganium L. Sparganium americanum Nutt. BUR-REED Sparganium androcladum (Engelm.) Morong BUR-REED Sparganium angustifolium Michx. BUR-REED [S. emersum Rehm.; S. chlorocarpum var. acaule (Beeby) Fern.] Sparganium erectum L. BUR-REED (5. chlorocarpum Rydb.; S. simplex Hudson) Sparganium eurycarpum Engelm. ex A. Gray BUR-REED Sparganium fluctuans (Morong) B. Robinson BUR-REED Sparganium natans L. SMALL BUR-REED [5. minimum (Hartm.) Fries] Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G5 SI TYPHACEAE (CAT-TAIL FAMILY) Typha L. Typha angustifolia L. NARROW-LEAF CAT-TAIL Typha angustifolia x latifolia = T. x glauca Godr. CAT-TAIL Typha latifolia L. COMMON CAT-TAIL, BROAD-LEAF CAT-TAIL 335 Subclass: Zingiberidae Order: Zingiberales CANNACEAE (CANNA FAMILY) Canna L. 4 *Canna x generalis Bailey CANNA LILY (REPORT ONLY) Subclass: Liliidae Order: Liliales PONTEDERIACEAE (PICKEREL- WEED FAMILY) Eichhornia Kunth 4 *Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms WATER-HYACINTH {Eichornia of authors) Heteranthera Ruiz & Pavon Synonym: Zosterella Small Heteranthera duhia (Jacq.) MacM. WATER STARGRASS [Zosterella diibia (Jacq.) Small] Heteranthera reniformis Ruiz & Pav6n MUD-PLANTAIN Pontederia L. Pontederia cordata L. PICKEREL- WEED [P. cordata var. lancifolia (Muhl.) Torrey; P. lanceolata Nutt.] HAEMODORACEAE (REDROOT FAMILY) Lachnanthes Ell. Synonym: Gyrotheca Salisb. Lachnanthes caroliniana (Lam.) Dandy REDROOT [Gyrotheca tinctoria (Walt.) Salisb.; L. tinctoria (Walt.) Ell.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4 SI 336 LILIACEAE (LILY FAMILY) Aletris L. Aletris farinosa L. STARGRASS, AGUE, COLIC-ROOT, UNICORN-ROOT Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 Allium L. I * Allium ampeloprasum L. LEEK (REPORT ONLY) Allium burdickii (Hanes) A. Jones WILD LEEK [A. tricoccum var. burdickii Hanes] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 S1S2 Allium canadense L. WILD GARLIC, WILD ONION *Allium cepa L. ONION Allium cernuum Roth NODDING ONION, WILD ONION Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 SI S3 *Allium okraceum L. WILD GARLIC *Allium porrum L. LEEK [A. ampeloprasum var. porrum (L.) Gay] * Allium sativum L. GARLIC ^*^Allium schoenoprasum L. WILD CHIVES [A. schoenoprasum var. laurentianum Fern.; var. sibericum (L.) Hartm., not Garcke; A. sibericum L.] Allium tricoccum Ait. wild leek, ramp *Allium vineak L. FIELD GARLIC, SCALLION Amianthium A. Gray Synonyms: Chrosperma Raf.; Melanthium L. in part 4 Amianthium muscaetoxicum (Walt.) A. Gray fly-POISON [Chrosperma muscaetoxicum (Walt.) Kuntze; Melanthium muscaetoxicum Walt.] Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G4G5 SX 337 Asparagus L. * Asparagus officinalis L. ASPARAGUS Chamaelirium Willd. Chamaelirium luteum (L.) A. Gray BLAZING-STAR, FAIRY-WAND Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5 S2 Clintonia Raf. Clintonia borealis (Ait.) Raf. WOODLILY, BLUEBEADS, CORNLILY Clintonia umbellulata (Michx.) Morong SPECKLED WOODLILY, WHITE WOODLILY Colchicum L. *Colchicum autumnale L. AUTUMN CROCUS Convallaria L. *Convallaria majalis L. lily-OF-THE-V ALLEY Disporum Salisb. ex D. Don Disporum lanuginosum (Michx.) Nichols. YELLOW MANDARIN Erythronium L. Erythronium albidum Nutt. WHITE TROUTLILY, WHITE DOG-TOOTH VIOLET Erythronium americanum Ker YELLOW ADDER’S-TONGUE, TROUTLILY, DOG-TOOTH VIOLET Galanthus L. *Galanthus elwesii Hooker GIANT SNOWDROP *Galanthus nivalis L. SNOWDROP Helonias L. 4 Helonias bullata L. SWAMP PINK Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G3 SX 338 Hemerocallis L. *Hemerocallis fulva (L.) L. ORANGE DAY-LILY * Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus L. YELLOW DAY-LILY, LEMON-LILY [H. flava (L.) L.] Hosta Tratt. *Hosta lancifolia Engler NARROW-LEAF HOSTA, PLANTAIN-LILY Note: In addition to typical H. lancifolium, distinct hybrid cultivars have been found naturalized in NY; these plants are members of the "undulata" group, and correspond to the cultivar 'erromena.' [H. erromena Steam in part; H. japonica (Thunb. ex Houtt.) Voss; H. lancifolia var. undulata Otto & Dietr.; H. undulata (Otto & Dietr.) Bailey var. erromena (Steam) Maek. in part] *Hosta ventricosa (Salisb.) Steam BLUE HOSTA, BLUE PLANTAIN-LILY Hyascinthoides Medik. Synonyms: Endymion Dum. in part; Scilla L. in part * Hyascinthoides nonscripta (L.) Chouard ex Rothm. ENGLISH BLUEBELL, HAREBELL [Endymion nonscriptus (L.) Garcke; Scilla nonscripta (L.) Hoffm. & Link] Hypoxis L. Hypoxis hirsuta (L.) Cov. STARGRASS, HYPOXIS [H. leptocarpa (Engelm. & A. Gray) Small] Leucojum L. *Leucojum aestivum L. SUMMER SNOWFLAKE Lilium L. Lilium canadense L. CANADA LILY, WILD YELLOW LILY ssp. canadense ssp. editorum (Fern.) Wherry (L. canadense var. editorum Fern.) 339 Lilium canadense x michiganense lily *Lilium lancifolium Thunb. tiger LILY (L. tigrinum Ker) Lilium michiganense Farw. MICHIGAN LILY Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Lilium philadelphicum L. WOODLILY, ORANGE-RED LILY Lilium superbum L. TURK’S-CAP LILY Maianthemum Wiggers Synonyms: Smilacina Desf.; Unifolium Hall, ex Zinn; Vagnera Adans. Maianthemum canadense Desf. FALSE LILY-OF-THE-V ALLEY, TWO-LEAF SOLOMON’S-SEAL, WILD LILY-OF-THE-VALLEY [M. canadense var. interius Fern.; Unifolium canadense (Desf.) Greene; var. interius (Fern.) House] Maianthemum racemosum L. FALSE SOLOMON’S-SEAL, FALSE SPIKENARD [Smilacina racemosa (L.) Desf.; var. cylindrata Fern.; Vagnera racemosa (L.) Morong] Maianthemum stellatum L. STARFLOWER [Smilacina stellata (L.) Desf.; Vagnera stellata (L.) Morong] Maianthemum trifolium L. FALSE SOLOMON'S-SEAL [Smilacina trifolia (L.) Desf.; Vagnera trifolia (L.) Morong] Medeola L. Medeola virginiana L. INDIAN CUCUMBER-ROOT Melanthium L. Synonym: Veratrum L. in part 4 Melanthium latifolium Desr. ex Lam. SLENDER BUNCHFLOWER, CRISPED BUNCHFLOWER (M. hybridum Walt.) Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G5 SX Melanthium virginicum L. BUNCHFLOWER [Veratrum virginicum (L.) Ait. f.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SH 340 Muscari Mill. *Muscari botryoides (L.) Mill. COMMON GRAPE HYACINTH *Muscari neglectum Guss. ex Tenori GRAPE HYACINTH, BLUEBOTTLE [M. atlanticum Boiss. & Reut.; M. racemosum of authors, not (L.) Mill-l Narcissus L. * Narcissus jonquilla L. JONQUIL *NarcissuS poeticus L. POET’S NARCISSUS, PHEASANT’S-EYE ^Narcissus poeticus x pseudo-narcissus = N. x incomparabilis Mill. NARCISUS, POET’S NARCISSUS *Narcissus pseudo-narcissus L. DAFFODIL, TRUMPET narcissus Ornithogalum L. *Ornithogalum nutans L. star-OF-BETHLEHEM *Ornithogalum umbellatum L. STAR-OF-BETHLEHEM Polygonatum Mill. Polygonatum bijlorum (Walt.) Ell. SMALL SOLOMON’S-SEAL [P. canaliculatum of authors, not (Muhl.) Purshl Polygonatum commutatum (Schultes & Schultes) Dietr. large SOLOMON’S-SEAL [P. biflorum var. commutatum (Schultes & Schultes) Morong; var. hebetifolium Gates; P. giganteum Dietr.l Polygonatum pubescens (Willd.) Pursh solomon’S-SEAL Scilla L. *Scilla siberica Haw. ex Andr. SCILLA, SQUILL Streptopus Michx. Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC. WHITE MANDARIN, LIVERBERRY var. americanus Schultes 341 Streptopus amplexifolius x roseus = 5. x oreopolus Fern. MANDARIN (REPORT ONLY) Streptopus roseus Michx. ROSE mandarin, twisted-stalk [5. roseus var. curvipes (Vail) Fassett; var. perspectus Fassett] Tofieldia Huds. Synonyms: Narthecium L. in part; Trianthella House Tofieldia glutinosa (Michx.) Pers. FALSE ASPHODEL [Narthecium glutinosum Michx.; T. racemosa of NY reports, not (Walt.) BSP.; Trianthella glutinosa (Michx.) House] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Trillium L. Trillium cernuum L. NODDING TRILLIUM var. cernuum var. macranthum Fames & Wieg. Trillium erectum L. PURPLE TRILLIUM, STINKING BENJAMIN Trillium fiexipes Raf. nodding TRILLIUM {T. erectum var. blandum Jenn.; var. declinatum of authors, not A. Gray; T. gleasonii Fern.) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Trillium grandifiorum (Michx.) Salisb. WHITE TRILLIUM, WAKEROBIN Trillium sessile L. TOAD-SHADE Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4G5 SI Trillium undulatum Wiild. PAINTED TRILLIUM *Trillium viride Beck WOOD TRILLIUM Uvularia L. Synonym: Oakesiella Small Uvularia grandifiora Sm. BELLWORT Uvularia perfoliata L. STRAWBELL, BELLWORT 342 Uvularia puberula Michx. BELLWORT [U. pudica var. nitida (Britt.) Fern.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Uvularia sessilifolia L. WILD-OATS, BELLWORT [Oakesiella sessilifolia (L.) Small] Veratrum L. Veratrum viride Ait. FALSE OR WHITE HELLEBORE, INDIAN-POKE Zigadenus Michx. Synonyms: Anticlea Kunth; Oceanonis Small Zigadenus elegans Pursh WHITE CAMASS, ALKALI-GRASS ssp. glaucus (Nutt.) Hult^n [Anticlea glauca (Nutt.) Kunth; Z. glaucus (Nutt.) Nutt.] Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G5T4? S2 4 Zigadenus leimanthoides A. Gray FALSE CAMASS, DEATH CAMASS [Oceanorus leimanthoides (A. Gray) Small] Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G4Q SX IRIDACEAE (IRIS FAMILY) Belamcanda Adans. Synonym: Gemmingia Fabr. *Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC. BLACKBERRY LILY, LEOPARD-FLOWER [Gemmingia chinensis (L.) Kuntze] Crocus L. *Crocus angustifolius Weston CLOTH-OF-GOLD (REPORT ONLY) *Crocus imperati Tenori CROCUS (REPORT ONLY) *Crocus sieberi Gay CROCUS (REPORT ONLY) Iris L. *Iris X germanica L. iris, FLEUR-DE-LIS, flag Iris prismatica Pursh SLENDER BLUE FLAG, COASTAL IRIS Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G4G5 S2 343 *Iris pseudacorus L. YELLOW IRIS, YELLOW FLAG *lris sibirica L. SIBERIAN IRIS, RUSSIAN IRIS */m verna L. DWARF IRIS Iris versicolor L. BLUE FLAG, WILD IRIS, POISON FLAG 4 Iris virginica L. SOUTHERN BLUE FLAG var. schrevii (Small) Anders. (/. schrevii Small) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SH Sisyrinchium L, Sisyrinchium angustifoUum Mill. BLUE-EYED grass (5. graminoides Bickn.) Sisyrinchium angustifoUum x montanum BLUE-EYED GRASS Sisyrinchium arenicola Bickn. BLUE-EYED GRASS (5. albidum of NY reports, not Raf.) Sisyrinchium atlanticum Bickn. BLUE-EYED GRASS Sisyrinchium montanum Greene BLUE-EYED GRASS var. crebrum Fern, var. montanum Sisyrinchium mucronatum Michx. BLUE-EYED GRASS Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI AGAVACEAE (AGAVE FAMILY) Yucca L. *Yucca filamentosa L. YUCCA, ADAM’S-NEEDLE, SPANISH BAYONETTE (Y. flaccida Haw; Y. smalliana Fern.) SMILACACEAE (GREENBRIER FAMILY) Smilax L. Smilax glauca Walt, sawbrier, wild sarsaparilla [S. glauca var. leurophylla (Muhl.) Fern.] 344 Smilax herbacea L. JACOB’S-LADDER, CARRION-FLOWER (5. lasioneuron of NY reports, not Hooker) Smilax hispida Muhl. ex Torrey BRISTLY GREENBRIER, HAGBRIER [5. tamnoides var. hispida (Muhl.) Fern.] Smilax pseudo-china L. FALSE CHINA-ROOT (5. tamnifolia Michx.; S. tamnoides of NY reports, not L.) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4G5 SI Smilax pulverulenta Michx. JACOB’S-LADDER [5. herbacea var. pulverulenta (Michx.) A. Gray] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4G5 SI Smilax rotundifolia L. GREENBRIER, HORSE-BRIER, BULL-BRIER DIOSCOREACEAE (YAM FAMILY) Dioscorea L. *Dioscorea batatas Dene. YAM, CHINESE YAM, cinnamon vine Dioscorea vilbsa L. WILD YAM [D. glauca of NY reports, not Muhl.; D. quaternata of NY reports, not (Walt.) Gmel.] Order: Orchidales ORCHIDACEAE (ORCHID FAMILY) Amerorchis Hulten Synonym: Orchis L. in part 4 Amerorchis rotundifolia (Banks ex Pursh) Hult6n ROUND-LEAF ORCHIS, ONE-LEAF ORCHID (Orchis rotundifolia Banks ex Pursh) Rarity Status: State: U TNC Rank: G5 SX Aplectrum (Nutt.) Torrey Aplectrum hyemale (Muhl. ex Willd.) Nutt. PUTTYROOT, ADAM-AND-EVE Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI 345 Arethusa L. Arethusa bulbosa L. SWAMP PINK, DRAGON’S-MOUTH Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank: G4 S2 Calopogon R. Br. ex Ait. Synonym: Cathea Salisb. Calopogon tuberosus (L.) BSP. GRASS PINK [C. pulchellus (Salisb.) R. Br. ex Ait.; Cathea piilchella (Salisb.) Salisb., not (Willd.) Salisb.] Calypso Salisb. Synonym: Cytherea Salisb. Calypso bulbosa (L.) Oakes CALYPSO, FAIRYSLIPPER [Cytherea bulbosa (L.) Salisb.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SH Coeloglossum Hartm. Synonym: Habenaria Willd. in part Coeloglossum viride (L.) Hartm. LONG-BRACTED ORCHID, FROG ORCHID [C. bracteatum (Muhl. ex Willd.) Hartm.; C. viride var. virescens (Muhl. ex Willd.) Luer; Habenaria viridis (L.) R. Br. ex Ait.; var. bracteata (Muhl. ex Willd.) A. Gray] Corallorhiza Gagn. Coralbrhiza maculata (Raf.) Raf. SPOTTED CORALROOT Corallorhiza odontorhiza (Willd.) Nutt. AUTUMN CORAL-ROOT Corallorhiza striata Lindl. STRIPED CORALROOT Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Coralbrhiza trifida Chat. PALE CORAL-ROOT, EARLY CORALROOT ]C. corallorhiza (L.) Karst.; C. trifida var. verna (Nutt.) Fern.] Cypripedium L. Cypripedium acaub Ait. PINK LADYSLIPPER, MOCCASIN FLOWER 346 Cypripedium arietinum R. Br. RAM’S-HEAD LADYSLIPPER Rarity Status: State: T TNC Rank; G3 S2 Cypripedium candidum Muhl. ex Willd. SMALL WHITE ladyslipper Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4 SI 4 Cypripedium candidum x parviflorum var. makasin = C. x andrewsii A. Fuller LADYSLIPPER Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. YELLOW LADYSLIPPER (C. calceolus of American authors, not L.) var. makasin (Farw.) Sheviak SMALL YELLOW LADYSLIPPER [C. calceolus var. parviflorum (Salisb.) Fern, of authors in part; C. pubescens var. makasin Farw.] var. parviflorum SMALL YELLOW LADYSLIPPER [C. calceolus var. parviflorum (Salisb.) Fern.] var. pubescens (Willd.) Knight large YELLOW LADYSLIPPER [C. calceolus var. planipetalum (Fern.) Viet. & Rouss.; var. pubescens (Willd.) Correll; C. flavescens DC.; C. parviflorum var. planipetalum Fern.; C. pubescens Willd.] Cypripedium reginae Walt, showy LADYSLIPPER Epipactis Sw. Synonym: Serapias L. in part *Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz HELLEBORINE, WEED ORCHID [E. latifolia (L.) All.; Serapias helleborine L.] 4 *Epipactis palustris (L.) Crantz MARSH HELLEBORINE Galearis Raf. Synonyms: Galeorchis Rydb., not Small; Orchis L. in part Galearis spectabilis (L.) Raf. SHOWY ORCHIS {Galeorchis spectabilis (L.) Rydb. ex Britt.; Orchis spectabilis L.) Goodyera R. Br. Synonym: Peramium Salisb. Goodyera pubescens (Willd.) R. Br. DOWNY RATTLESNAKE-PLANTAIN [Peramium pubescens (Willd.) MacM.] 347 Goodyera repens (L.) R. Br. DWARF RATTLESNAKE-PLANTAIN [G. repens var. ophioides Fern.; Peramium repens (L.) Salisb.; P. secundum (Raf.) House] Goodyera tesselata Lxidd. RATTLESNAKE plantain [Peramium tesselatum (Lodd.) Heller] Isotria Raf. Synonym: Pogonia Juss. in part Isotria medeobides (Pursh) Raf. SMALL whorled POGONIA {Pogonia affinis Austin ex A. Gray) Rarity Status: Federal: T State: E TNG Rank: G2G3 SH Isotria verticilbta (Muhl. ex Willd.) Raf. LARGE whorled POGONIA, FIVE-LEAVES [Pogonia verticillata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Nutt.] Liparis L. Rich. Liparis lilifolia (L.) L. Rich, ex Ker LARGE OR PURPLE TWAYBLADE (L. liliifolia of authors) Rarity Status: State: T TNG Rank: G5 S2 Liparis beselii (L.) L. Rich. BOG OR YELLOW TWAYBLADE, FEN ORCHID Listera R. Br. Synonym: Ophrys L. in part Listera auricubta Wieg. AURICLED TWAYBLADE [Ophrys auriculata (Wieg.) House] Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G3 SI Listera australis Lindl. SOUTHERN TWAYBLADE [Ophrys australis (Lindl.) House] Rarity Status: State: T TNG Rank: G4 S1S2 Listera convalbrioides (Sw.) Nutt, ex Ell. BROAD-LIPPED TWAYBLADE [Ophrys convallarioides (Sw.) Wight ex House] Rarity Status: State: E TNG Rank: G5 SH Listera cordata (L.) R. Br. heartleaf twayblade {Ophrys cordata L.) 348 Malaxis Soland. ex Sw. Malaxis bayardii Fern. ADDER’S-MOUTH (M unifolia of some reports, not Michx.) Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G2? SI Malaxis monophylbs (L.) Sw. WHITE ADDER’S-MOUTH, MALAXIS var. brachypoda (A. Gray) Morris & Fames [M. brachypoda (A. Gray) Fern.] Malaxis unifolia Michx. GREEN ADDER’S-MOUTH, MALAXIS Platanthera L. Rich. Synonyms: Blephariglottis Raf.; Gymnadeniopsis Rydb. ex Britt.; Habenaria Willd. in part; Limnorchis Rydb. ex Britt.; Lysias Salisb.; Lysiella Rydb. ex Britt.; Orchis L. in part; Perularia Lindl.; Tulotis Raf. Pbtanthera blepharigbttis (Willd.) Lindl. WHITE FRINGED ORCHID [Blephariglottis blephariglottis (Willd.) Rydb. ex Britt.; Habenaria blephariglottis (Willd.) Hooker] Pbtanthera blepharigbttis x ciliaris = P. x bicobr (Raf.) Luer FRINGED ORCHID {Habenaria x bicolor Raf.) Pbtanthera bkpharigbttis x cristata = P. x canbyi Ames PALE FRINGED ORCHID (P. pallida P. M. Brown) Pbtanthera ciliaris (L.) Lindl. ORANGE ORCHID, YELLOW FRINGED ORCHID [Blephariglottis ciliaris (L.) Rydb. ex Britt.; Habenaria ciliaris (L.) R. Br.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Pbtanthera cbvelbta (Michx.) Luer GREEN WOODLAND ORCHID [Gymnadeniopsis clavellata (Michx.) Rydb. ex Britt.; Habenaria clavellata (Michx.) Spreng.] Pbtanthera cristata (Michx.) Lindl. CRESTED FRINGED ORCHID [Habenaria cristata (Michx.) R. Br.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI 349 Platanthera dilatata (Pursh) Llndl. ex Beck BOG-CANDLE, WHITE BOG- ORCHID [Habenaria dilatata (Pursh) Hooker; Limnorchis dilatata (Pursh) Rydb. ex Britt.; var. linearifolius Rydb.] Platanthera flava (L.) Lindl. TUBERCLED orchid var. herbiola (R. Br.) Luer [Habenaria flava var. herbiola (R. Br.) Ames & Correll; H. herbiola R. Br.; Perularia flava (L.) Farw. of NY reports; Tulotis herbiola (R. Br.) Raf.] Platanthera grandiflora (Bigel.) Lindl. large purple fringed ORCHID [Blephariglottis grandiflora (Bigel.) Rydb. ex Britt.; Habenaria fimbriata (Dryand. ex Ait.) R. Br.; H. peramoena of some NY reports, not A. Gray; H psycodes var. grandiflora (Bigel.) A. Gray] Platanthera hookeri (Torrey ex A. Gray ) Lindl. HOOKER’S ORCHID, PAD- LEAF [Habenaria hookeri Torrey ex A. Gray; Lysias hookeri (Torrey ex A. Gray) Rydb. ex Britt.; L. hookeriana of authors] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 S1S2 Platanthera huronensis (Nutt.) Lindl. TALL NORTHERN GREEN orchid, NUTTALL’S GREEN ORCHID [Habenaria huronensis (Nutt.) Spreng.; H. hyperborea var. huronensis (Nutt.) Farw.; H x media (Rydb. ex Britt.) Niles; Limnorchis major sensu House (1924), not (Lange) Rydb.; x L. media Rydb. ex Britt.; P. dilatata x hyperborea-, P. hyperborea var. huronensis (Nutt.) Luer; P. x media (Rydb. ex Britt.) Luer] Platanthera hyperborea (L.) Lindl. NORTHERN GREEN ORCHID, TALL LEAFY NORTHERN GREEN BOG ORCHID [Habenaria hyperborea (L.) R. Br.; Limnorchis hyperborea (L.) Rydb. ex Britt.] Platanthera lacera (Michx.) G. Don RAGGED FRINGED ORCHID [Blephariglottis lacera (Michx.) Farw.; Habenaria lacera (Michx.) R. Br.] Platanthera lacera x psycodes — P. x andrewsii (White) Luer FRINGED ORCHID [Blephariglottis x andrewsii (White) House; Habenaria x andrewsii White] 350 Platanthera leucophaea (Nutt.) Lindl. EASTERN PRAIRIE FRINGED ORCHID [Blephariglottis leucophaea (Nutt.) Fanv.; Habenaria leucophaea (Nutt.) A. Gray] Rarity Status: Federal: T State: E TNC Rank: G2 SH Platanthera macrophylla (Goldie) P. M. Brown LARGE ROUND-LEAF ORCHID, PAD-LEAF [Habenaria macrophylla Goldie; Lysias macrophylla (Goldie) House; P. orbiculata var. macrophylla (Goldie) Luer] Platanthera obtusata (Banks ex Pursh) Lindl. BLUNT-LEAVED ORCHID [Habenaria obtusata (Banks ex Pursh) L. Rich.; Lysiella obtusata (Banks ex Pursh) Rydb. ex Britt.] Platanthera orbiculata (Pursh) Lindl. ROUND-LEAVED ORCHID, PADLEAF [Habenaria orbiculata (Pursh) Torrey; Lysias orbiculata (Pursh) Rydb. ex Britt.] Platanthera psycodes (L.) Lindl. SMALL PURPLE FRINGED ORCHID [Blephariglottis psycodes (L.) Rydb. ex Britt.; Habenaria peramoena of some NY reports, not A. Gray; H psycodes (L.) Spreng.; P. psychodes of authors] Pogonia Juss. Pogonia ophioglossoides (L.) Juss. ROSE POGONIA, SNAKE’S-MOUTH Spiranthes L. Rich. Synonym: Ibidium Salisb. Spiranthes casei Catl. & Cruise LADY’S-TRESSES Spiranthes cernua (L.) L. Rich. NODDING LADY'S-TRESSES [Ibidium cernuum (L.) House] Spiranthes lacera (Raf.) Raf. SLENDER LADY’S-TRESSES var. gracilis (Bigel.) Luer [Ibidium gracile (Bigel.) House; S. gracilis (Bigel.) Beck] var. lacera Spiranthes lucida (11. Eaton) Ames wide-LEAF ladY’S-TRESSES, SHINING LADY’S-TRESSES [Ibidium plantagineum (Raf.) House; S. plantaginea Raf.] 351 Spiranthes ochroleuca (Rydb. ex Britt.) Rydb. CREAMY LADY’S-TRESSES [Ibidium cernuum var. ochroleucum (Rydb. ex Britt.) House; 5. cernua var. ochroleuca (Rydb. ex Britt.) Ames] Spiranthes romanzoffiana Cham. HOODED ladY’S-TRESSES [Ibidium romanzoffianum (Cham.) House] Spiranthes tuberosa Raf. LITTLE LADY’S TRESSES [Ibidium beckii sensu House (1924), not Lindl.; S. grayi Ames; S. simplex A. Gray] Spiranthes vernalis Engelm. & A. Gray SPRING LADY’S-TRESSES [Ibidium praecox of NY reports, not (Walt.) House; /. vernale (Engelm. & A. Gray) House; 5. praecox of NY reports, not Walt.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G5 SI Tipularia Nutt. Synonym: Pogonia Juss. in part Tipularia discolor (Pursh) Nutt. CRANEFLY ORCHID [T. unifolia (Muhl.) BSP., a nomen nudum] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4G5 SI Triphora Nutt. Synonym: Pogonia Juss. in part Triphora trianthophora (Sw.) Rydb. ex Britt. NODDING POGONIA [Pogonia trianthophora (Sw.) BSP.] Rarity Status: State: E TNC Rank: G4 SI 352 Appendix of Excluded Species The following species have been reported for New York State, either in previous checklists (House, 1924; Mitchell, 1986) or by subsequent sources. Many have also been suggested by John Kartesz (personal communication), based on literature citations. Reports of the following taxa were found to be based on misidentifications, or voucher specimens for them are lacking and not likely to be found. Specimens known to have been incorrectly determined are listed as misidentifications ("mis-IDs"). Most species on this list have never occurred in New York State, but a few may be based on correct observations. A few unvouchered taxa that we feel are likely to occur in New York appear in the main text, as do some for which voucher specimens are cited but not yet checked. These are annotated "report only." Please report any New York State voucher specimens for plants on this list to the Botany Office at the New York State Museum in Albany. Achillea dentifera (unvouchered report only) A. distans (unvouchered report only) Agastache urticifolia (mis-ID of A. scrophulariifolia) Agropyron prostratum (unvouchered report only) Alchemilla xanthochlora (unvouchered report only) Anemone cylindrica x virginiana (unvouchered speculation) Antennaria virginica (mis-IDs of A. neglecta) Aphanes arvensis (mis-ID of A. microcarpa) Arenaria serpyllifoliavar. leptoclados (mis-IDs of var. serpyllifolia) Armeria maritima ssp. siberica (report of garden cultivar) Aruncus dioicus var. dioicus (very old, unvouchered report only) Asclepias tuberosa var. tuberosa (unvouchered report only) Asplenium pinnatifidum (unvouchered report only) Aster umbellatus vdx.pubens (misinterpretations of other vars.) Calycanthus floridus var. floridus (unspecified reports of var. glaucus) Camissonia contorta (unvouchered report, based on confused synonymy) Cardamine parviflora var. parviflora (unvouchered report only) C. adiista (unvouchered 1909 speculation by Kiikenthal) C. heliophila (mis-ID of C. lucorum) C. panicea (unvouchered report only) Celastrus gemmata (cultivated where it was reported on Fishers Island) Celosia cristata (unvouchered speculation. House, 1924) Cenchrus glomerata (House, 1924, reports this as a mis-ID only) Centaurea melitensis (House, 1924, speculation) C. phrygia (unvouchered report only) C. debauxii (mis-ID of C. calcitrapa) C. transalpina (misinterpretation of C. uniflora var. nervosa) Chamaemelum (Anthemis) mixta (in range of Fern. Manual; no vouchers) Chamaesyce hirta (unvouchered report from Richmond County) C. humistrata (mis-ID of C. maculata) 353 Chenopodium botn’odes (unvouchered report only) C. berlandieri var. berlandieri (mis-lD of var. biishiamim) C. berlandieri var. zschackii (mis-ID of var. bitshiamim) Chrysanthemum coronarium (unvouchered report only) Cimicifuga americana (based on old cabinet specimen labelled "N.Y.") Cirsium flodmanii (unvouchered report only) C. hillii (no voucher for NY; report based on a misinterpreted map) Commelina virginica (not vouchered outside cultivation in NY) Convolvulus pilosellifolius Desr. ex Lam. (report only, "fls too young") Corydalis capnoides (observation by Stanley J. Smith only) Crataegus persimilis (mis-lD of C. crusgalli) C. margaretiae (mis-ID of C. chrysocarpa) Croton capitatus (only specimen label says "from garden") Crotonopsis linearis (House, 1924 says "look for it" only) Cuscuta gronovii var. latifolia (unvouchered report; none north of NJ) Cyperus fuscus (mis-ID of C. diandrus at Rochester Academy) C. iria (mis-ID of C. amuricus) Dalea leporina (Ait.) Bullock (D. alopecuroides Willd.) [unvouchered range report by Femald (1950)] Delphinium formosanum (never found outside cultivation in NY) Desmodium sessilifolium (unvouchered reports only; Goodrich etc.) D. viridiflorum (mis-ID of D. nuttallii) Dioscorea cpiaternata (unreliable old cabinet specimen, labelled "N.Y." Echium plantagineum (mis-ID of E. vulgare) Eleocharis interstincta (mis-ID of E. equisetoides) E. wolfii (unvouchered report only) Elymus mollis (Leymiis) (Hitchcock report = mis-IDs of E. arenarius) Epilobium parviflorum (unvouchered report only) Equisetum telmateia (mis-ID of E. laevigatum) Eremopyrum squarrosum (old mis-ID of E. bonapartis) Erigeron acris [Trimorpha] (report only; NJ, not NY) Euphorbia purpurea (E. darlingtonii) (House says; unvouchered report) Festuca x aschersoniana (unvouchered report; not in North America) Filago minima (mis-IDs of F. vulgaris, as F. germanica) Fraxinus quadrangulata (incorrect reports based mostly on F. pensylvanica) Fumaria pan>i/lora (unvouchered report "near N.Y. ") Galeopsis villosa (unvouchered report only) G. versicolor (unvouchered report only) Galium glaucum (mis-IDs of Asperula) Gaura sinuata (unvouchered observation from a Torrey Club walk) Geranium pratense ["G. solanderC] (old, incorrect reports) G. rotundifolium (old mis-IDs of G. bicknellii and G. sibericum) Gilia achilleifolia ssp. multicaulis (unvouchered speculation by Hitchcock) Glandularia (Verbena) canadensis (unvouchered report only) Glyceria maxima (mis-ID of G. canadensis) 354 Gratiola virginiana (mis-IDs of G. neglecta) Grindelia nuda (listed by House as a synonym only, a rayless form) Gypsophila pilosa (unvouchered report only) G. stevenii (unvouchered report only) Heleborus niger (unvouchered report as an escape in the 1880s) Helenium amarum (House, 1924, speculates without vouchers) Helianthus x doronicoides (unvouchered report only) Hieracium x fernaldii (unvouchered report only) Houstonia canadensis (mis-IDs of H. longifolia) Huperzia porophila (mis-ID of its hybrid with H. lucidula) Hypochaeris glabra (House, 1924; speculation without vouchers) Hyoscyamus alba (report only; "near NY") Iris virginica var. schrevii (mis-IDs, and two unchecked vouchers at US) Juncus coriaceus (mis-ID of J. dichotomiis) J. diffusissimus (mis-ID of J. debilis) J. vaseyi (unvouchered report only) Leiophyllum buxifolium (Berg.) Ell. (specimen at NYBG cultivated) Leontodon ceratophorus [L. hirta] (report cites House, 1924, who says: "not native in NY") Lepidium perfoliatum (unvouchered report only) Leucanthemum nipponicum (unvouchered report only) Leucojum vernum (unvouchered report only) Lilium bulbiferum L. (unvouchered reports) Linaria repens (unvouchered report only, "near NY") L. supina (unvouchered report only "near NY") Lolium arundinaceum x pratense (unvouchered report only) Ludwigia polycarpa (unvouchered report only) Lupinus polyphyllus "L. polycarpus of authors" (a garden plant only) Matricaria maritima (mis-ID of M perforata) Medicago arabica (mis-ID of M. polymorpha) Mirabilis albida (unvouchered report only) Mollugo cerviana (unvouchered report only) Murdannia nudiflora (old mis-ID of Commelina erecta) Myriophyllum hippuroides (mis-ID of M. heterophyllum) Narthecium americanum (known from NJ only; never vouchered or reliably reported from NY) Nonea lutea (unvouchered speculation. House, 1924) Nonea vesicaria (unvouchered speculation. House, 1924) Oenothera rhombipetala (mis-IDs of O. clelandii) Ononis repens (mis-ID of O. arvensis) Orobanche ramosa (unvouchered report only) Parnassia palustris (unvouchered report only) Paronychia fastigiata var. nuttallii (mis-ID of typical variety) Paspalum distichum (unvouchered report only) Persea borbonia (unvouchered report only on L.I. nursury stock?) 355 Petrorhagia nantuellii (reported in cultivation only) Picea alba (unvouchered report only) Plantago heterophylla Nutt, (as P. hybrida) (unvouchered report only) Platanthera peramoena (several mis-IDs of P. grandiflora; retractions exist in the literature) Polanasia dodecandra var. trachysperma (mis-ID of typical variety) Polycnemum arvense (mis-ID of P. majus) Polygala brevifolia (mis-ID of P. cruciata and unvouchered speculation) Polygonum amphibium var. amphibium (mis-ID of var. stipulaceum; typical var. amphibium is European only) P. chinense (unvouchered report only) P. polystachium (unvouchered report only) P. raii (old mis-ID of P. glaucum) Portulaca pilosa (unvouchered report only) Potamogeton x faxonii (citing House, 1924, who only says it is to be sought in NY) P. X subobtusus (speculation by Ogden; personal communication) P. X subsessilis (speculation by Ogden; personal communication) P. vaginatus (mis-ID of P. filiformis var. occidentalis) P. illinoiensis x nodosus = P. x faxonii (VT reports, not NY) Potentilla anglica (mistaken report of nursery stock) Piiccinellia rupestris (unvouchered report only) P. tenella ssp. alaskana (unvouchered speculation, Fernald, 1950) Quercus margaretta (mis-IDs of Q. stellata) Quercus pagoda (mis-IDs of Q. rubra) Quercus shumardii (mis-ID of Q. rubra) Ranunculus bonariensis (unvouchered report only) R. cordiger (unvouchered report of 1879 waif, as R. philonotis) R. pygmaeus (unvouchered report only) Rhinanthus minor var. groenlandicus (mis-IDs of European var. minor) Rhynchospora pallida (based on old cabinet specimen labelled "N.Y.") Robinia hispida var. fertilis (mis-ID of typical variety) Rorippa amphibia (unvouchered report only) Rosa blanda x micrantha (unvouchered report only) R. spinosissima (misinterpreted R. cinnamomea by House, 1924) Rumex sanguineus (mis-ID of R. obtusifolius) R. pulcher (mis-ID of immature R. obtusifolius) Sabatia difformis (unvouchered report only) Saccharum ravennae (report citing Hitchcock, who says: "hardy in cultivation" north to NY) Sagittaria stagnorum (unvouchered report only) Salicornia rubra (based on misinterpretations see Clemants, 1992) Salix pellita (mis-ID of S. Candida, fide Argus) S. myricoides and its varieties (mis-IDs of S. eriocephala, fide Argus) S. X hankensonii (mis-ID of S. alba, fide Argus) 356 S. eleagnos (based only on Ontario report by Zenkert, not NY) Salvia sylvestris (speculation: not naturalized, and mis-IDs of S. nemerosa) S. sclarea (old mis-ID of S. argentea) Salvinia natans (unvouchered report only) Scrophularia umbrosa (mis-IDs of S. auriculata) Scutellaria x churchilliana (mis-ID of S. galericulata) Sedum sieboldii (mis-ID of S. telephium) S. ochroleucum (mis-ID of S. reflexum) S. rupestre (unvouchered report only) Selaginella selaginoides (no vouchers; cited reference did not report it) Silene gallica (mis-ID of S. dichotoma) Siam carsonii (a phenotypic variant and synonym of S. suave) Solidago caesia var. curtissii (mis-ID of typical variety) S. canadensis var. subserrata (mis-IDs of other vars. this one is western) S. spathulata (mis-ID of S. simplex) S. uliginosa var. peracuta (unvouchered report only) X Sorbaronia sorbifolia (faulty transcription of Sorbaria sorbifolia) Spergula vernalis (unvouchered report only) S. sativa (unvouchered report only) Sphenopholis x pallens (sensu House, not Rydb. = 5. obtusata var. major) Spiraea betulifolia var. corymbosa (old report, questioned by Fernald 5. salicifolia (mis-IDs of S. x billiardii, etc.) Stachys recta (unvouchered report only) S. floridana (mis-IDs of S. ajpnis, listed as S. sieboldii) Stellaria calycantha (mis-IDs based wholly on S. borealis) Tamarix ramosissima (only cited specimen labelled "in cultivation") Thymus praecox (unvouchered report only) Torilis nodosa (unvouchered reports only) Trifolium reflexum (mis-IDs of T hybridum and speculation; never any vouchers of T. reflexum known from NY) Ulex minor (mis-ID of U. europaeus) U. nanus (mis-ID of U. europaeus) Ulmus parviflora (mis-ID of U. pumila) Vaccinium virgatum (mis-ID of V. corymbosum) Verbena x subaffinis (reported VT, not NY) V. X bernardii (unvouchered report only) Veronica grandiflora (unvouchered report only) V. glandulifera, sensu House, 1924 (mis-IDs of V. anagallis-aquatica) V. cymbalaria (mis-IDs of V. anagallis-aquatica) Viburnum x jackii (House does NOT report it from NY) Viola X eamesii (House, 1924, reports it from VT not NY) Vitis cinerea (unreliable, unvouchered report only) V palmata (unvouchered report only) Zoysia matrella (citing Hitchcock, who says: "hardy in cultivation" north to Long Island) 357 Index of Common Names Note: This cross-reference source is provided for limes when only a common name is known. If the scientific name and common name are the same, they are not listed except to clear up ambiguities. Modifying adjectives are only provided where they distinguish genera. Binomials are often listed in cases where the common name applies to a single species within our range. ABSINTHE . Artemisia absinthium ACACIA (ROSE- OR FALSE-) Robinia ACONITE . Aconitum WINTER- . Eranthis ADAM-AND-EVE . Aplectrum ADAM’S-NEEDLE . Yucca ADDER’S-MOUTH . Malaxis ADDER’S-TONGUE . . Ophioglossum YELLOW- . Erythronium americanum AGERATUM (WILD-) . . Eupatorium coelestinum AGRIMONY . HEMP- _ AGUE . AGUE-WEED ALDER . WHITE- _ BLACK- _ ALEXANDERS GOLDEN- . . ALFALFA . . . ALFILERIA . . . Agrimonia Eupatorium cannabinum . Aletris . Gentianella . Alnus . . Alnus incana, Clethra . Viburnum molle . Angelica, Zizia . Zizia . Medicago sativa . Erodium ALKAKENGI . Physalis alkakengi ALKALI GRASS . Distichlis, Polypogon ALKANET . Anchusa BASTARD- . Buglossoides ALLEGHENY VINE . Adlumia ALUM-ROOT . Geranium maculatum, Heuchera ALYSSUM . Alyssum, Berteroa HOARY- . Berteroa ROCK- . Aurinia SEASIDE- . Lobularia SWEET- . Lobularia AMARANTH . Amaranthus GLOBE- . Gomphrena AMUR . Ligustrum amurense ANEMONE . Anemone FALSE RUE- . Enemion RUE- . Thalictrum thalictroides ANGELICA-TREE .... Aralia spinosa ANISE-ROOT . Osmorhiza APPALACHIAN GAMETOPHYTES . . . Vittaria, Trichomanes APPLE . Malus APPLE-OF-PERU . Nicandra ARBOR-VITAE . Thuja ARCHANGEL (YELLOW-) Lamiastrum ARROW-GRASS . Triglochin ARROWHEAD . Sagittaria ARROWLEAF . Peltandra ARROWWOOD . Viburnum ARTICHOKE . CHINESE- . Stachys affinis JAPANESE- . Stachys affinis JERUSALEM- . Helianthus tuberosus ARUM (WATER-) . Calla ASARABACCA . Asarum ASH . Fraxinus MOUNTAIN- . Sorbus PRICKI.Y- . Aralia, Zanthoxylum STINKING- . Ptelea WAFER- . Ptelea ASPEN . Populus ASPHODEL . Narthecium FALSE- . Tofieldia ASTER . Aster ATLANTIC GOLDEN- . . . Pityopsis 358 (ASTER) CHINA- . Callistephus DESERT- . Machaeranthera FALSE- . Boltonia GOLDEN- . Chrysopsis mariana STINK- . Dittrichia UPLAND WHITE- . Solidago ptarmicoides AVENS . Geum AWLWORT . Subularia AZALEA . Rhododendron ALPINE- . Loiseleuria BABY’S-BREATH Galium, Gypsophila FALSE- . Galium BACHELOR’S-BUTTON . . Centaurea cyanus, Polygala lutea BAKED-APPLE-BERRY . . Rubus chamaemorus BALD-RUSH . Scirpus BALLOONBERRY Rubus illecebrosus BALLOON-FLOWER _ Platycodon BALLOON-VINE .... Cardiospermum BALM . Melissa BEE- . Monarda MOLLUCCA- . Moluccella BALM-OF-GILEAD . . Populus x jackii BALMONY . Chelone BALSAM . Impatiens BALSAM-APPLE (WILD-) Echinocystis BAMBOO . Arundinaria BANEBERRY . Actaea BAND-PLANT . Vinca BARBERRY . Berberis BARILLA . Salsola BARLEY . Hordeum BARNYARD GRASS .... Echinochloa BARTSIA . Odontitis BASH . Clinopodium, Ocimum BASKET-FLOWER . . Centaurea americana BASKET-OF-GOLD . . Aurinia saxitilis BASSWOOD . Tilia BASTARD-TOADFLAX . . Comandra BAY, LAPLAND ROSE- . Rhododendron lapponicum (BAY) MAGNOLIA- . . . Magnolia virginiana RED- . Persea SWEET- . Magnolia virginiana SWAMP- . Magnolia virginiana BEACHGRASS . Ammophila BEADGRASS . Paspalum BEAN . Phaseolus BROAD- (HORSE-) . Vicia laba CASTOR- . Ricinus HYACINTH- (EGYPTIAN-) Dolichos POTATO- . Apios SACRED- . Nelumbo WILD- . Apios, Phaseolus, Strophostyles BEARBERRY Arctostaphylos uva-ursi BEARDGRASS . Erianthus BEARD-TONGUE . Penstemon BEARGRASS . Yucca BEAVER-POISON . Cicuta BEDSTRAW . Cruciata, Galium BEE-BALM . Monarda BEE-PLANT (ROCKY MTN-) . . Cleome serrulata BEECH(NUT) . Fagus BEECH-DROPS . Epifagus FALSE- . Monotropa BEECH FERN . Phegopteris BEET (WILD-) _ Amaranthus, Beta, Saxifraga pensylvanica BEGGAR-LICE (-TICKS) _ Bidens, Desmodium, Hackelia BELLADONNA . Atropa BELLFLOWER . Campanula BELLS-OF-IRELAND .... Moluccella BELL WORT . Uvularia BENTGRASS . Agrostis SILKY- . Apera BENZOIN-BUSH (OR BENJAMEN-) . . Lindera BERGAMOT . BERMUDA GRASS BETONY . WOOD- . BILBERRY . . Monarda Cynodon dactylon . Stachys . Pedicularis . Vaccinium 359 BILSTED . Liquidambar BINDWEED . . Convolvulus, Calystegia BLACK or FRINGED- . . . Polygonum BIRCH . Betula BIRD-ON-THE-WING . Polygala BIRD’S-EYE . Veronica BIRD’S-EYE PRIMULA . . Primula mistassinica BIRD’S-NEST (GIANT-) . . Pterospora BIRTHWORT . Aristolochia BISHOP’S-CAP . Mitella BITTERBLOOM . Sabatia BITTERCRESS . Cardamine BITTERNUT . Carya BITTERSWEET . Celastrus, Solanum dulcamara BITTERWEED . Ambrosia BLACKBERRY . Rubus BLACK-CAP . Rubus occidentalis BLACK-EYED-SUSAN . . . Rudbeckia BLACK-GRASS . Juncus gerardii BLACKSEED . Sporobolis indicus BLACKTHORN . Crataegus calpodendron, Prunus spinosa BLADDER-NUT . Staphylea BLADDER-SENNA . Colutea BLADDERWORT . Utricularia BLANKET-FLOWER . Gaillardia BLAZING-STAR Chamaelirium, Liatris BLEEDING-HEART . Dicentra eximia BLIND-EYES . Papaver dubium BLISTERWORT Ranunculus sceleratus BLOODROOT . Sanguinaria BLUEBEADS . Clintonia BLUEBELL(S) . Mertensia, Campanula CALIFORNIA- . Phacelia ENGLISH- . Hyacinthoides BLUEBERRY . . . Vaccinium, Knautia MALE- . Lyonia BLUEBOTTLE . Centaurea cyanus BLUE-BUTTONS . Vinca BLUE-CURLS . Phacelia, Trichostema BLUE-DEVIL . Echium BLUE-EYED GRASS _ Sisyrinchium BLUE-EYED-MARY . . Collinsia verna BLUEGRASS . Poa ENGLISH- . Lolium pratense BLUE-HEARTS . Buchnera BLUEJOINT GRASS . . Calamagrostis canadensis BLUE-SAILORS . Cichorium BLUE-STAR . Amsonia BLUESTEM . BIG- . Andropogon gerardii LITTLE- . . . Schizachyrium scoparium BLUE-TANGLE . Gaylussacia frondosa BLUETS . Houstonia CLUSTERED- . Oldenlandia MOUNTAIN- . , . Centaurea montana BLUE-WEED . Echium BOGBEAN . Menyanthes BOG-CANDLE . . . Platanthera dilatata BOG-HEMP . Boehmeria BOG-STARS . Parnassia BOG-VIOLET . Pinguicula BONESET . Eupatorium CLIMBING- . Mikania BORAGE . Borago BOTTLEBRUSH . Elymus hystrbt BOTTLEGRASS . Setaria viridis BOUNCING-BET , Saponaria officinalis BOX-ELDER . Acer negundo BOX (WOOD) . Buxus MOUNTAIN- Arctostaphylos uva-ursi RUNNING . Mitchella BOYS-AND-GIRLS . Mercurialis BRACKEN (BRAKE FERN) Pteridium BRAMBLE . Rubus BRIDAL-WREATH . Spiraea BRIER . Rubus, Smilax BULL- . Smilax rotundifolia GREEN- . Smilax HORSE- . Smilax rotundifolia SWEET- . Rosa BRISTLEGRASS . . . Setaria geniculata BROME (GRASS) . Bromus BROOKLIME . . . Veronica beccabunga BROOKWEED . Samolus BROOM (SCOTCH-) . Cytisus BROOMCORN . Sorghum 360 BROOM-RAPE . Orobanche BROOM-SEDGE . Andropogon, Beckmannia, Bothriochloa BROOMWEED . Gutierrezia BUCKBEAN . Menyanthes BUCKEYE . Aesculus BUCKHORN . Huperzia, Lycopodiella, Lycopodium BUCKTHORN . Rhamnus BUCKWHEAT . Fagopyrum FALSE- . Polygonum BUFFALO-BERRY . Shepherdia BUFFALO-NUT . Pyrularia BUFFALO-WEED . . . Ambrosia trifida BUFFEL-GRASS .... Cenchrus ciliaris BUGLEWEED . Ajuga, Lycopus BUGLOSS . Anchusa arvensis SIBERIAN- . Brunnera VIPER’S- . Echium BUGSEED . Corispermum BULBLET FERN Cystopteris bulbifera BULLACE . Prunus domestica BULRUSH . Scirpus BUNCHBERRY . . . Cornus canadensis BUNCHFLOWER . Melanthium BUR . BUFFALO- . Solanum comutum COCKLE- . Agrimonia, Xanthium SAND- . Cenchrus TEXAS- . Tragus BUR-BRISTLEGRASS . . Setaria verticillata BURDOCK . Arctium BURHEAD . Echinodorus BUR-MARIGOLD . Bidens BURNET . Sanguisorba BURNING-BUSH . . Euonymus atropurpureus BUR-REED . Sparganium BURSTING-HEART . . Euonymus americanus BUSHGRASS . . Calamagrostis epigeios BUTTER-AND-EGGS Linaria vulgaris BUTTERFLY-FLOWER . Schizanthus BUTTERCUP . Ranunculus SAGE- . Ceratocephala BUTTER-PRINT . Abutilon BUTTERWEED . Solidago rugosa BUTTERWORT . Pinguicula BUTTONBUSH . Cephalanthus BUTTONWEED . Diodia BUTTONWOOD . Platanus CABBAGE . Brassica oleracea JOHN’S- . . Hydrophyllum virginianum CALAMINT . Calamintha CALICO-BUSH . Kalmia latifolia CALLA (WILD) . Calla palustris CALLIOPSIS . Coreopsis CALTROP . . Centaurea, Zygophyllum WATER- . Trapa CAMASS . Zigadenus CAMPHORWEED . Heterotheca CAMPION . Silene ROSE- . Lychnis coronaria CANARY-GRASS . Phalaris CANCER-ROOT Conopholis, Epifagus ONE-FLOWERED- . Orobanche uniflora CANDYTUFT . Iberis CANDYWEED . Polygala lutea CANKER-ROOT .... Coptis, Kickxia, Elatine CANNA-LILY . Canna CARAWAY . Carum CARDINAL-FLOWER . Lobelia CARPENTER’S-SQUARE Scrophularia CARPETWEED . Mollugo CARRION-FLOWER . Smilax herbacea CARROT (WILD-) . Daucus CART-TRACK-PLANT . Plantago CASSANDRA . Chamaedaphne CATALPA (CATAWBA) _ Catalpa CATBERRY . Nemopanthus CATCH-FLY . Silene GERMAN- . Lychnis viscaria CATFOOT . Gnaphalium CATGUT . Tephrosia CATNIP (CATMINT) . Nepeta 361 CAT’S-EAR . Hypochaeris CAT-TAIL . Typha CEDAR (ATLANTIC WHITE-) . . Chamaecyparis CREEPING- . . . Juniperus horizantalis NORTHERN WHITE- . Thuja RED- . Juniperus CELANDINE . GREATER- . Chelidonium LESSER- . Ranunculus ficaria TREE- . Macleaya CELERY . Apium CENTAURY . Centaurium CHAFFSEED . Schwalbea CHAFFWEED . Anagallis minima CHAIN FERN . Woodwardia CHAMOMILE . . Anthemis, Matricaria CHECKERBLOOM . Sidalcea CHEESES . Malva sylvestris CHERRY . Prunus GROUND- . . . Leucophysalis, Physalis JERUSALEM- Solanum pseudo-capsicum WINTER- . Physalis alkakengi CHERRY-PIE . Heliotropium CHERRY-PLUM . . . Prunus cerasifera CHERVIL . . . Anthriscus, Cryptotaenia SPREADING- . Chaerophyllum CHESS . Bromus CHESTNUT . Castanea HORSE- . Aesculus WATER- . Trapa CHICORY . Cichorium CHICKEN-CLAWS . Salicornia CHICKEN-PEPPER . Ranunculus abortivus CHICKWEED .... Cerastium, Stellaria FORKED- . Paronychia GIANT- . Myosoton INDIAN- . Mollugo JAGGED- . Holosteum MOUSE-EAR- . Cerastium SEA(BEACH)- . Honckenya WATER- . Callitriche CHICKWEED-WINTERGREEN . . Trientalis CHINABERRY (-TREE) . Melia CHINA-FLEECE . Polygonum aubertii CHINA-ROOT (FALSE-) . . Smilax pseudo-china CHINA-TREE . Koelreuteria CHINESE-LANTERN . Physalis CHINQUAPIN . Castanea CHIROGI . Stachys affinis CHIVES . Allium CHOCOLATE-ROOT . . . Geum rivale CHOKEBERRY . Aronia CHRISTMAS FERN . Polystichum CHRISTMAS GREEN . . . Lycopodium CHRYSANTHEMUM Chrysanthemum MAX- (DAISY-) . Leucanthemum maximum CIGAR-TREE . Catalpa CINNAMON FERN . . Osmunda cinnamomea CINNAMON VINE . Dioscorea CINQUEFOIL . Potentilla CLAMMYWEED . Polanasia CLEARWEED . Pilea CLEAVERS . Cruciata, Galium CLIFF BRAKE . SLENDER- . . . Cryptogramma stelleri SMOOTH- . Pellaea glabella PURPLE- . Pellaea atropurpurea CLIFF FERN .... Dryopteris fragrans CLIMBING FERN . Lygodium CLOTH-OF-GOLD . Crocus CLOUDBERRY . Rubus chamaemorus CLOVER . Medicago, Trifolium BUR- . Medicago BUSH- . Lespedeza HOLY- . Onobrychis HOP- . Trifolium KOREAN- . Lespedeza OWL’S- . Orthocarpus PIN- . Erodium PRAIRIE- . Dalea STINKING- . Cleome serrulata 362 (CLOVER) SWEET- . Melilotus TICK- . Desmodium CLUBGRASS . Corynephorus canescens CLUBMOSS . Huperzia, Lycopodiella, Lycopodium FIR- . Huperzia CLUBRUSH . Scirpus COAST-BLITE . Chenopodium rubrum COCKLE . Agrostemma, Vaccaria WHITE- . Silenealba COCKLE-BUR . . Agrimonia, Xanthium COCKSPUR GRASS .... Echinochloa COCKSPUR (-THORN) _ Crataegus COCO-GRASS . Cyperus rotundus COFFEE (WILD-) . Triosteum COHOSH . BLACK- . Actaea spicata BLUE- . Caulophyllum WHITE- . Actaea pachypoda COLIC-ROOT . Aletris COLLARD (WILD-) . Cacalia COLTSFOOT . Tussilago SWEET- . Petasites COLUMBINE . Aquilegia COLUMBO . Frasera COMANDRA . Comandra NORTHERN (PURPLE-) Geocaulon COMFREY . Cynoglossum, Symphytum CONEFLOWER . Rudbeckia PRAIRIE- . Ratibida PURPLE- . Echinacea CONVULSION-ROOT _ Monotropa COOLWORT . . . Mitella diphylla, Pilea COONTAIL . Ceratophyllum COPAL-TREE . Ailanthus CORALBERRY . . Symphoricarpos orbiculatus CORALROOT . Corallorhiza CORDGRASS . Spartina CORIANDER . Coriandrum CORK-TREE (JAPANESE-) . . Phellodendron CORN . Zea SQUIRREL- . Dicentra (CORN) SWEET- . Zea TURKEY- . Dicentra CORNBIND . . Polygonum convolvulus CORN-COCKLE . Agrostemma CORNEL . Cornus CORNFLOWER . . . Centaurea cyanus, Cichorium CORN-ROSE . Agrostemma CORN-SALAD . Valerianella COSTMARY . Balsamita major COTTON (WILD-) . Hibiscus COTTON-GRASS . Eriophorum COTTONWEED . Froelichia COTTONWOOD . . . Populus deltoides COWBANE . Cicuta, Oxypolis COW-HERB . Vaccaria COWSLIP . Caltha, Primula veris VIRGINIA . Mertensia CRAB(-APPLE) . Malus CRABGRASS . Digitaria CRACKERBERRY Cornus canadensis CRANESBILL . Geranium CRANBERRY . Vaccinium HOG- . Arctostaphylos uva-ursi CRANBERRY-BUSH (-TREE) . . Viburnum trilobum CREEPING-CHARLIE (-JENNY) _ Lysimachia nummularia CREESIE-GREENS (CRESS-) Barbarea CRESS . Barbarea BITTER- . Cardamine COW- . Lepidium FIELD- . Lepidium HOARY- . Cardaria draba LAKE- . Armoracia MOUNTAIN WATER- . . . Cardamine MOUSE-EAR- RIVER- _ ROCK- . SPRING- . . . SWINE- _ TOWER- . . . WART- . WATER- . . . . Arabidopsis . Armoracia . Arabis, Draba . Cardamine bulbosa Coronopus squamatus . Arabis glabra . Coronopus . Rorippa 363 (CRESS) WINTER- . Barbarea YELLOW- . Rorippa CROCUS . AUTUMN- . Colchicum SPRING . Crocus CROWBERRY . BROWN OR BROOM- _ Corema BLACK . Empetrum nigrum RED . Empetrum eamesii CROWFOOT . Ranunculus CROWFOOT-GRASS Dactyloctenium CROWN-BEARD Verbesina encelioides CUCKOO-FLOWER _ Cardamine pratense, Lychnis flos-cuculi CUCUMBER . GARDEN- . Cucumis BUR- . Sicyos PRICKLY- . Echinocystis SQUIRTING- . Ecballium WILD- . Echinocystis CUCUMBER-ROOT (INDIAN-) . . Medeola CUCUMBER-TREE . . Magnolia acuminata CUDWEED . Filago, Gnaphalium CULVER’S-ROOT .... Veronicastrum CUPGRASS . Eriochloa CUP-PLANT . Silphium CURLEW-BERRY . Empetrum nigrum CURLYGRASS (-FERN) .... Schizaea CURLY-HEADS . Clematis CURRANT . Ribes INDIAN- . Symphoricarpos CUTGRASS . Leersia CYPRESS . BALD . Taxodium BELVEDERE . Kochia STANDING- . Ipomopsis SUMMER- . Kochia CYPRESS-VINE . . . Ipomoea quamoclit DANDELION . Taraxacum COLT’S-FOOT- . Tussilago DWARF- . Krigia FALL- . Leontodon autumnalis (DANDELION) FALSE- . Nothocalais DANEWORT . Sambucus ebulus DANGLEBERRY . Gaylussacia DAFFODIL . Narcissus DAISY . ENGLISH OR LAWN- . Beilis GLORIOSA . Rudbeckia fulgida MICHAELMAS . . . Aster tradescantii OX-EYE . Leucanthemum PAINTED Chrysanthemum coccineum PEEWEE- . Aster umbellatus TAHOKA- . . Machaeranthera tanacetifolia WHITE- . . . Leucanthemum, Erigeron YELLOW . Rudbeckia DARNEL . Lolium DAYFLOWER . Commelina DAY-LILY . Hemerocallis DEERBERRY . Vaccineum stamineum DEERGRASS . Rhexia DEER’S-HAIR . Carex bigelowii DEVIL’S-BIT . Succisella DEVIL’S PAINTBRUSH . . Hieracium DEVIL’S WALKING STICK . . Aralia spinosa DEWBERRY . Rubus DEWDROP(S) . Dalibarda DEW-THREAD . Drosera DILL . Anethum DITCH-GRASS . Ruppia DITCH-STONECROP _ Penthorum DITTANY . Cunila, Dictamnus DOCK . Rumex BUR- . Arctium DOCKMACKIE Viburnum acerifolium DODDER . Cuscuta DOGBANE . Apocynum DOGBERRY . Celtis, Sorbus DOGTAIL ( GRASS) . Cynosurus DOGWOOD . Cornus DOLL’S-EYES .... Actaea pachypoda DOORWEED . Polygonum DRAGONHEAD .... Dracocephalum FALSE- . Physostegia 364 DRAGON-ROOT Arisaema dracontium DRAGON’S-MOUTH . Arethusa DROPSEED Muhlenbergia, Sporobolus DROPWORT . . . Philipendula vulgaris WATER- . Oxypolis DUCK-POTATO . Sagittaria DUCKWEED . Lemna, Spirodela DUNE-GRASS Ammophila, Calamovilfa DUSTY-MILLER . Artemisia stellariana DUTCHMAN’S-BREECHES . Dicentra DUTCHMAN’S-PIPE .... Aristolochia DUTCH MICE .... Lathyrus tuberosus EARTH-NUT . Lathyrus tuberosus EASTER-BELL .... Stellaria holostea EELGRASS . Zostera ELDER . Sambucus BOX- . Acer negundo DWARF- . Aralia hispida MARSH- (SALTMARSH-) . Iva ELDERBERRY . Sambucus ELECAMPANE . Inula helenium ELM . Ulmus ELTROT . Heracleum EMPRESS TREE . Paulownia ERYNGO . Eryngium ESTRAGON . . . Artemisia dracunculus EULALIA . Miscanthus sinensis EVERLASTING . PEARLY- . Anaphalis PURPLE- . . . Gnaphalium purpureum EYEBANE . Chamaesycc EYEBRIGHT . . . Euphrasia, Odontitis FAIRY-SLIPPER . Calypso FAIRY-WAND . Chamaelirium FALSE-MERMAID . Floerkea FANCY FERN . Dryopteris intermedia FANWEED . Thlaspi FANWORT . Cabomba FEATHERFOIL . Hottonia FEATHERGRASS . Stipa comata FEATHERTOP . Calamagrostis FELON-HERB . Artemisis vulgaris FENNEL . Foeniculum FENNEL-FLOWER . Nigella FERN . BEECH- . Phegopteris BRAKE- . Pteridium BULBLET .... Cystopteris bulbifera CHAIN- . Woodwardia CHRISTMAS- . Polystichum CINNAMON . Osmunda cinnamomea CLIFF- . Woodsia CLIMBING- . Lygodium FRAGILE- . Cystopteris GLADE- . Deparia, Diplazium GRAPE- . Botrychium HART’S-TONGUE- . Asplenium scolopendrium HAY-SCENTED . Dennstaedtia INTERRUPTED Osmunda claytoniana LADY- . Athyrium NEW YORK- . Thelypteris noveboracensis MASSACHUSETTS- . Thelypteris simulata OAK- . Gymnocarpium OSTRICH- . Matteuccia ROYAL- . Osmunda regalis SENSITIVE- . Onoclea SHEILD- . . . Polystichum, Thelypteris WALKING- . Asplenium rhizophyllum WATER- . Salvinia WOOD- . Dryopteris, Thelypteris FESCUE . Festuca, Lolium BROME- . Vulpia bromoides FOXTAIL- . Vulpia myuros FETTERBUSH . Leucothod FEVER-FEW . Tanacetum, Parthenium FIDDLEHEADS FIDDLENECK . FIG . FIGWORT .... FILBERT . FILMY FERN . FINGER-GRASS . Matteuccia . Amsinckia . Ficus Scrophularia . . . Corylus Trichomanes . . . Chloris, Dactyloctenium ARGENTINE- . Eustachys FIR . Abies DOUGLAS- . Pseudotsuga 365 FIREWEED .... Epilobium, Erechtites FIRMOSS .... Huperzia (Lycopodium) FITSROOT .... Astragalus glycyphyllos FIVE-FINGER . Potentilla FIVE-LEAF (AKEBIA) . Akebia FIVE-LEAVES (FIVE-LEAF) . Isotria FLAG . Iris FLAGROOT . Acorus FLAX . Linum FALSE- . Camelina microcarpa DUTCH- . Camelina sativa MOUNTAIN- . Polygala senega FLEABANE . Erigeron SALTMARSH- . Pluchea FLEUR-DE-LIS . Iris FLOATING-HEAI^T .... Nymphoides FLORIBUNDA . Weigela FLOWER-OF-AN-HOUR . . Hibiscus trionum FLOWERING-FERN Osmunda regalis FLOWERING-RUSH . Butomus FLUELLIN . Kickxia FLY-AWAY GRASS . Agrostis FLY-POISON . Amianthium FOAMFLOWER . Tiarella FORGET-ME-NOT . Myosotis CHINESE- .... Cynoglossum amabile SIBERIAN . Brunnera FOUR-O’CLOCK . Mirabilis FOXGLOVE . Digitalis FALSE- . Agalinis, Penstemon digitalis FOXTAIL . Alopecurus, Setaria FRAGILE-FERN . Cystopteris FRENCHWEED . Thlaspi FRINGE-TREE . Chionanthus FROG-FRUIT . Phyla FROG’S-BIT (AMERICAN) Limnobium EUROPEAN . Hydrocharis FROSTWEED . Helianthemum FUMITORY . Fumaria ROCK- . Corydalis sempervirens FURZE . Ulcx GALINGALE . Cyperus GALLBERY . Ilex glabra GALL-OF-THE-EARTH . Gentianella, Prenanthes GAMMA-GRASS . Tripsacum GARDENER’S-BLIGHT . . . Galinsoga GARLIC . Allium GAS-PLANT . Dictamnus GAY-FEATHER . Liatris GAYWING . Polygala pauciflora GENTIAN .... Gentiana, Gentianella, Gentianopsis GREEN- . Frasera HORSE- . Triosteum SPURRED- . Halenia GERANIUM . Geranium FEATHER- . . . Chenopodium botrys MINT- . . . Chrysanthemum balsamita ROCK- . Heuchera GERARDIA . Agalinis GERMANDER . Teucrium GHERKIN . Cucumis anguria GILL-OVER-TI lE-GROUND Glechoma GINGER (WILD-) . Asarum GINSENG . Panax quinquefolius GLADIOLE (WATER-) . . Lobelia dortmanna GLADE FERN . Diplazium GLASSWORT . Salicornia GLOBEFLOWER . Trollius GOATGRASS . Aegilops GOAT’S-BEARD . Aruncus, Sorbaria, Tragopogon GOAT’S-FOOT . Aegopodium GOLD-AND-SILVER-FLOWER . . Lonicera GOLDEN-BELLS . Forsythia GOLDEN-BUTTONS . . Tanacetum vulgare GOLDEN-CLUB . Orontium GOLDEN-GLOW . Rudbeckia laciniata GOLDEN-PERT . Gratiola aurea GOLDENROD . . . Euthamia, Solidago GOLDEN-SEAL . Hydrastis GOLDEN-TUFT . Aurinia saxitilis GOLDIE’S FERN . Dryopteris goldiana GOLD-OF-PLEASURE Camelina sativa 366 GOLDTHREAD(S) . Coptis GOOD-KING-HENRY . . Chenopodium bonus-henricus GOOSEBERRY . Ribes DWARF CAPE- . . Physalis pubescens GOOSEFOOT . Chenopodium GOOSEGRASS . Eleusine, Galium, Puccinellia, Potentilla GOOSE-TANSY . . . Potentilla anserina GORSE . Ulex GOURD . Lagenaria, Thladiantha GOOSEBERRY- . . Cucumis anguria GOUTWEED . Aegopodium GRAMA-GRASS . Bouteloua GRAPE . Vitis GRAPE-FERN . Botrychium GRAPE-HYACINTH . Muscari GRASS FERN . Vittaria GRASS OF PARNASSUS . . . Parnassia GRASSWRACK . Zostera GREENBRIER . Smilax GREEN-DRAGON . Arisaema dracontium, Pinellia GREENWEED (DYERS-) . . . Genista GROMWELL . Lithospermum CORN- . Buglossoides FALSE- . Onosmodium GROUND-CEDAR . Huperaia, Lycopodium GROUNDNUT . . Apios, Panax trifolius GROUND-FIR . Hupereia, Lycopodium, Lycopodiella GROUND-HEMLOCK . Taxus GROUND-IVY . Glechoma GROUND-LAUREL . Epigaea GROUNDSEL . Senecio GROUNDSEL-TREE . Baccharis GROUSEBERRY . Viburnum trilobum GUM . BLACK- . Nyssa (Liquidambar) RED OR SWEET- .... Liquidambar SOUR OR TUPELO- . Nyssa GUMI . Elaeagnus GUM-SUCCORY . Chondrilla GUMWEED . Grindelia GYPSY-WEED . . . Veronica officinalis HABENARIA . Platanthera HACKBERRY . Celtis HACKMATACK . . Populus balsamifera HAG-BRIER . Smilax HAIRGRASS . Agrostis, Aira, Deschampsia, Eleocharis, Muhlenbergia HARBINGER-OF-SPRING . . Erigenia HARDHACK . Spiraea HAREBELL . Hyascinthoides, Campanula HARE’S-EAR . Bupleurum HART’S-TONGUE (FERN) . . Asplenium scolopendrium HARLEQUIN (YELLOW) . . Corydalis HARVEST LICE . Agrimonia HATPINS . Eriocaulon HAW . Crataegus, Viburnum HAWKBIT . Leontodon HAWK’S-BEARD . Crepis HAWKWEED . Hieracium HAWTHORN . I lawthorn HAY-SCENTED FERN . Dennstaedtia HAZEL . Corylus HEAL-ALI. . Prunella HEART-SEED . Cardiospermum HEATH . (Erica) MOSS- . Harrimanella HEATHER . (Erica) BEACH OR FALSE- . Hudsonia tomentosa GOLDEN- . Hudsonia ericoides MOSS- . Harrimanella SCOTCH- . Calluna HE-BALSAM . Picea rubens HEDGE-NETTLE . Stachys HELIOTROPE . Heliotropium GARDEN- . Valeriana officinalis HELLEBORE . Helleborus FALSE OR WHITE- . Veratrum HELLEBORINE . Epipactis HEMLOCK . Tsuga 367 (HEMLOCK) GROUND- . Taxus NORTHERN- . Tsuga POISON- . Conium (Cicuta) WATER- . Cicuta HEMP . Cannabis BOG- . Boehmeria COLORADO RIVER- . Sesbania INDIAN- . Apocynum WATER- . Amaranthus HEMP-AGRIMONY . . Eupatorium cannabinum HEMPWEED (CLIMBING-) . Mikania HEN-AND-CHICKENS . Sempei^ivum HENBANE . Hyoscyamus HERBA-IMPIA (-IMPIOUS) . . Filago HERB-BENNET , . . Geum virginianum HERB-OF-GRACE . Ruta HERB-ROBERT Geranium robertianum HERB-SOPHIA . . . Descurainia sophia HERD-GRASS . Phleum HERCULES-CLUB . . . Aralia spinosa HERNIARY . Herniaria HE-SPRUCE . Picea rubens HICKORY . Carya HIGH-WATER GRASS . Spartina HIMALAYA-BERRY . . Rubus bifrons HIPPO (WILD-) . Euphorbia HOBBLE (HOBBLE-BUSH) Viburnum DOG- . Leucothoe fontenesiana HOG-PEANUT . Amphicarpaea HOGWEED .... Ambrosia, Heracleum GIANT- . Heracleum mantagazzianum HOGWORT . Croton HOLLY . Ilex MOUNTAIN- . Nemopanthus HOLLY FERN . Polystichum JAPANESE- . Cyrtomium HOLLYHOCK . Alcea HONESTY . Lunaria HONEWORT . Cryptotaenia HONEYSUCKLE . Lonicera BUSH- . Diervilla PURPLE- . Rhododendron periclymenoides (HONEYSUCKLE) ROSE- . Rhododendron prinophyllum SWAMP- . . . Rhododendron viscosum HONEY-VINE . Cynanchum HOP (BREWER’S-HOPS) . . Humulus HOP-HORNBEAN . Ostrya HOP-TREE . Ptelea HOREHOUND . . Ballota, Marrubium WATER- . Lycopus HORNBEAM . Carpinus HOP- . Ostrya HORNWORT . Ceratophyllum HORSE-MINT . Monarda HORSE-RADISH . Armoracia rusticana HORSE-SUGAR . Symplocos HORSETAIL . Equisetum HORSEWEED . Conyza HOUND’S-TONGUE . . Cynoglossum officinale HOUSE-LEAK . Sempervivum HUCKLEBERRY . Gaylussacia, Vaccinium HE- OR MALE- . . . Lyonia ligustrina HULVER . Ilex montana HUTERA . Coincya HYDRANGEA . Hydragea CLIMBING- . Decumaria HYSSOP . Agastache, Hyssopus HEDGE- . Gratiola MUD- . Gratiola HYSTRIX . Elymus hystrix INDIAN-APPLE . Datura INDIAN-BEAN . Catalpa INDIAN-CUCUMBER . Mediola INDIAN-GRASS . Sorghastrum INDIAN-PAINlChenopodium capitatum, Lithospermum canescens INDIAN-PAINTBRUSH _ Castilleja INDIAN-PHYSIC . Porteranthus INDIAN-PINK . Lobelia cardinalis INDIAN-PIPE(S) . Monotropa uniflora INDIAN-PLANTAIN . Cacalia INDIAN-POKE . Veratrum INDIAN-SALAD . . Hydrophyllum virginianum 368 INDIAN-TOBACCO .... Gnaphalium, Lobelia inflata INDIGO (FALSE-) . Amorpha, Baptisia WILD- . Baptisia tinctoria INDIGO-BUSH . Amorpha INKBERRY . . . Ilex glabra, Phytolacca INNOCENCE .... Collinsia, Houstonia INTERRUPTED FERN . . Osmunda claytoniana IPECAC . AMERICAN- . Porteranthus stipulatus CAROLINA- Euphobia ipecacuanhae WILD OR SPURGE- . Euphobia ipecacuanhae IRONWEED . Vernonia IRONWOOD . Carpinus, Ostrya IVORY-LEAF . Gaultheria procumbens IVY . COLISEUM- . Cymbalaria ENGLISH- . Hedera KENILWORTH- . Cymbalaria POISON- . Toxicodendron SWITCH- . Leucothoe IVY-BUSH . Kalmia latifolia JACOB’S-LADDER .... Polemonium vanbruntiae, Smilax JACK-IN-THE-PULPIT . . Arisaema triphyllum JAMBERRY . Physalis ixocarpa JAPANESE-BAMBOO . Polygonum cuspidatum JAPANESE-LANTERN . Physalis JARVIL . Osmorhiza JETBEAD . Rhodotypos JEWELWEED . Impatiens JIMSONWEED . Datura JOB’S-TEARS . CoLX lacryma-jobi JOE-PYE-WEED . Eupatorium JOHNSON GRASS Sorghum halepense JOHNNY-JUMP-UP(S) . Viola JOINTWEED . Polygonella JUDAS-TREE . Cercis JUMPSEED . Polygonum JUNEBERRY . Amelanchier JUNEGRASS . Koeleria JUNIPER . Juniperus KALE . Brassica oleracea KARRI TREE . Paulownia KATSURA TREE . Cercidiphyllum KERRIA . Kerria WHITE- . Rhodotypos KING-DEVIL . Hieraceum KINNIKINNIK . Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Cornus amomum KISS-ME-OVER-THE-GARDEN- GATE . Polygonum orientale KNAPWEED . Centaurea KNAWAL . Scleranthus KNOTGRASS . Polygonum GERMAN . Scleranthus KNOTROOT . Setaria geniculata KNOTWEED . Polygonum KUDZU (-VINE) . Pueraria LABRADOR TEA . . Rhododendron groenlandicum LACEGRASS . Eragrostis LACE-VINE . Polygonum aubertii LADY FERN . . . Athyrium filbc-femina LADY’S-FINGERS . Anthyllis LADY’S-MANTLE Alchemilla, Aphanes LADY’S-SLIPPER . Cypripedium LADY’S-SMOCK . Cardamine pratensis LADY’S-THUMB . Polygonum LADY’S-TRESSES . Spiranthes LAMBKILL . Kalmia LAMB’S-EARS . Stachys byzantia LAMB’S-QUARTERS . . Chenopodium album LARCH . LarLx LARKSPUR (GARDEN-) Delphinium ROCKET- . Consolida ambigua ROYAL- . Consolida regalis LAUREL . Kalmia GROUND- . Epigaea MOUNTAIN- . Kalmia WHITE- . . . Rhododendron maximum LAVENDER . Lavandula SEA- . Limonium LEADGRASS (LEADWORT) . . Salicornia 369 LEAF-CUP . Polymnia canadensis LEATHERFLOWER . Clematis LEATHERLEAF . Chamaedaphne LEATHERWOOD . Dirca LEEK . Allium LENTIL . Lens LENTIL-VETCH . Vicia tetrasperma LEOPARD-FLOWER . Belamcanda LETTUCE . Lactuca GROUND- . Ixeris WALL- . Mycelis WATER- . Pistia WHITE- . Prenanthes alba LICORICE (WILD-) . Galium, Glycyrrhiza LICORICE-WEED . . Heliotropium curassavicum LIFE-OF-MAN . Aralia racemosa LILAC . Syringa SUMMER- . Buddleja LILY . Lilium BLACKBERRY- . Belamcanda BULLHEAD- . Nuphar CANNA- . Canna CORN- . Clintonia COW- . Nuphar DAY-(LEMON-) . Hemerocallis PLANTAIN- . Hosta POND- . Nuphar TROUT- . Erythronium WATER- . Nymphaea WOOD- . Clintonia LILY-OF-THE-VALLEY . . . Convallaria FALSE- . Maianthemum WILD- . Pyrola LILY-PADS . Nymphaea (Nuphar, Nelumbo) LINDEN . Tilia LINSEED . Linum LION’S-FOOT . . . Prenanthes serpentaria LIP-FERN (WOOLLY-) .... Cheilanthes LIVE-FOREVER . Sedum LIVERLEAF (-WORT) . Hepatica LIZARD’S-TAIL . Saururus LOCUST . Robinia LOCUST-WEED . Cassia LOG FERN . Dryopteris LONDON-PRIDE . . . Lychnis calcedonica LOOKING-GLASS (VENUS’-) . LOOSESTRIFE .... . Triodanis . Lythrum FALSE- . . Ludwigia LOPSEED . . Phryma LOTUS . . . Lotus, Nelumbo LOUSEWORT . . Pedicularis LOVAGE . . Levisticum BEACH- . . Ligusticum SCOTCH- . . Ligusticum LOVE-APPLE . . . . . Lycopersicon LOVEGRASS . . Eragrostis LOVE-IN-A-MIST . . . Nigella LOVE-LIES-BLEEDING . . Amaranthus caudatus LOVE-VINE . Cuscuta LUCERNE . Medicago saliva LUNGWORT (GOLDEN-) . . Hieraceum murorum LUPINE . Lupinus CAROLINA- . Thermopsis LYME-GRASS . Elymus arenarius MADDER . Rubia FIELD- . Sherardia MADWORT . Asperugo MAGNOLIA-BAY . Magnolia virginiana MAHALEB . Prunus mahaleb MAIDENHAIR-BERRY . . Gaultheria hispidula MAIDENHAIR FERN . Adiantum MAIDENHAIR TREE . Ginkgo MAIDEN'S-TEARS .... Silene vulgaris MAIZE . Zea MALE FERN . Dryopteris filix-mas MALKA . Rubus chamaemorus MALLOW . . . Althaea, Hibiscus, Malva PRICKLY- . Sida SEASIDE- . Kosteletzkya MALTESE CROSS . Lychnis calcedonica MANDARIN . Disporum WHITE OR ROSE- . Streptopus MANDRAKE . Podophyllum 370 MANNAGRASS . Glyceria PALE- . Torreyochloa MAN-OF-THE-EARTH . . Ipomoea pandurata MAPLE . Acer MARBLE-SEED . Onosmodium MARE’S-TAIL . Hippurus MARGUERITE Leucanthemum vulgare MARIGOLD . Tagetes BUR- . Bidens FETID- . Dyssodia MARSH- . Caltha POT- . Calendula TICKSEED- . Bidens WATER- . Bidens beckii MARIJUANA . Cannabis MARJORAM . Origanum MARSH FERN . . . Thelypteris palustris MARVEL-OF-PERU . Mirabilis jalapa MASSACHUSETTS FERN . . Thelypteris simulata MASTERWORT . Heracleum, Peucedanum MATCHWEED . Gutierrezia MATGRASS . Nardus MATRIMONY-VINE . Lycium MAY-APPLE . Podophyllum MAYFLOWER .... Claytonia, Epigaea MAYWEED . Anthemis cotula MAZZARD . Prunus avium MEADOW-BEAUTY . Rhexia MEADOW-BLOOM . . Ranunculus bulbosus MEADOW-CLARY . . Salvia pratensis MEADOW-FERN . Myrica MEADOWGRASS . . Glyceria maxima SALT- . Spartina patens MEADOW-RUE . Thalictrum MEADOW-SWEET . Filipendula ulmaria, Spiraea MEALBERRY Arctostaphylos uva-ursi MEDICK . Medicago MEETINGHOUSES . Aquilegia MELIC (-GRASS) . Melica MELON . Cucumis (MELON) WATERMELON . Citrullus MERCURY . Mercurialis HERB- . Mercurialis THREE-SEEDED- . Acalypha MERMAID-WEED . Proserpinaca MEXICAN TEA . . Chenopodium ambrosioides MEZEREUM . Daphne MIGNONETTE . Reseda MILE-A-MINUTE WEED . . Polygonum perfoliatum MILFOIL (WATER-) . . . Myriophyllum MILKWEED . Asclepias MILKWORT . Polygala SEA- . Glaux MILLET . Pennisetum BROOMCORN- . Panicum miliaceum FALSE- . Schizachne FOXTAIL- . Setaria italica JAPANESE- . . . Echinochloa crusgalli WATER- . Echinochloa waiter! MILLETGRASS . Milium CHINESE- . Pennisetum MIMOSA . Albizzia MINT . Mentha HORSE- . Monarda clinopodia MOUNTAIN- . Pycnanthemum WOOD- . Blephilia MIST-FLOWER . . Eupatorium coelestinum MISTLETOE . Phoradendron DWARF- . Arceuthobium MITERWORT . Mitella FALSE- . Tiarella MOCKERNUT . Carya tomentosa MOLE-PLANT .... Euphorbia lathyris MONEY-PLANT . Lunaria MONEY-WORT . . Lysimachia nummularia MONKEYFLOWER . Mimulus MONK’S-HOOD . Aconitum MOONSEED . Menispermum MOONWORT . Botrychium MOORBERRY . Vaccinium uliginosum 371 MOORGRASS . Molinia MOOSEBERRY . Viburnum MOOSEWOOD . . Acer pensylvanicum, Dirca MORNING-GLORY . Ipomoea WILD- . Calystegia MOSCHATEL . Adoxa MOSS . DITCH- . Elodea FLOWERING- . Pyxidanthera MOSQUITO FERN . Azolla MOTHER-OF-THE-EVENING . . Hesperis MOTHER-OF-THYME Acinos MOTHERWORT . Leonurus MOUNTAIN-ASH . Sorbus MOUNTAIN-FRINGE . Adlumia MOUSE-EAR . Cerastium, Hieraceum pilosella WATER- . Myosoton MOUSE-EAR CRESS _ Arabidopsis MOXIE-PLUM . Gaultheria MUD-PLANTAIN . Heteranthera MUDWORT . Limosella MUGWORT . Artemisia MUHLY . Muhlenbergia MULBERRY . Morus PAPER- . Broussonettia MULLEIN . Verbascum MUSKFLOWER . . Mimulus moschatus MUSQUASH-ROOT . Cicuta maculata MUSTARD . Brassica, Sinapis BALL- . Neslia GARLIC- . Alliaria HARE’S-EAR- . . Diplotaxis erucoides HEDGE- . Sisymbrium officinale HILL- . Bunias MITHRIDATE- .... Thlaspi arvense TANSY- . Descurainia pinnata TOWER- . Arabis glabra TUMBLE- . . . Sisymbrium altissimum WHITE- . Sinapis MYRTLE . Myrica RUNNING- . Vinca SEA- . Baccharis NAIAD (OR NAIAD) . Najas NAVALWORT . Hydrocotyle NECKWEED . Veronica peregrina NEEDLEGRASS . Stipa NETTLE . Urtica, Laportea DOG- . Urtica urens FALSE- . Boehmeria HEDGE- . Stachys HEMP- . Galeopsis HORSE- . Solanum carolinense STINGING- . Laportia, Urtica WOOD- . Laportea NEW YORK FERN . . Thelypteris noveboracensis NIGER . Guizotia NIGHTSHADE . Solanum DEADLY- Atropa, Solanum dulcamara ENCHANTER’S- . Circaea NIMBLE-WILL Muhlenbergia schreberi NINE-BARK . Physocarpus NIPPLEWORT . Lapsana NONSUCH . Medicago NUT-GRASS . Cyperus NUT-RUSH . Scleria OAK FERN Gymnocarpium dryopteris OATGRASS Arrhenatherum, Danthonia, Trisetum BLACK- . Stipa avenacea OATS . Avena MELIC- . Trisetum melicoides SWAMP- . . Sphenopholis pensylvanica WILD- . Avena (Uvularia) YELLOW- . Trisetum flavescens ONION . Allium OAK . Quercus JERUSALEM- . Chenopodium botrys POISON- . . . Toxicodendron radicans, T. rydbergii OIL-NUT . Pyrularia OIL-PLANT . Madia OLD-MAN . Artemisia abrotanum OLD-MAN’S-BEARD .... Chionanthus OLD-WOMAN . . . Artemisia stellariana OLEANDER (WATER-) . . . Decodon OLEASTER . Elaeagnus 372 OLIVE . AUTUMN - . Eleagnus umbellata RUSSIAN- . Elaeagnus ORACH . Atriplex ORANGE . . MOCK- . Philadelphus OSAGE- . Madura ORANGE-GRASS . Hypericum gentianoides ORANGE-ROOT . ORCHID . CRANE-FLY . FROG- . LONG-BRACTED- . . . POOR-MAN’S- . WEED- . ORCHIS ROUND-LEAVED- . . . SHOWY- . ORIGANO . ORPINE . OSAGE-ORANGE . OSIER . OSTRICH FERN . OX-EYE . Hydrastis . . . Tipularia Coeloglossum Coeloglossum . Schizanthus . . . Epipactis . Amerorchis . . . . Galearis . . . Origanum . Sedum . . . . Madura Cornus, Salix . . Matteuccia . . . . Adonis, Heliopsis helianthoides OX-EYE-DAISY . Leucanthemum OX-TONGUE . Picris OYSTER-PLANT . Tragopogon porrifolius SPANISH- . Scolymus PAINTBRUSH . INDIAN- . Asdepias tuberosa, Castilleja SCARLET- . Castilleja PAINTED-CUP . Castilleja PANIC GRASS . Panicum PANSY . Viola tricolor PAPOOSE-ROOT . Caulophyllum PAPPUS GRASS . Pappophorum PARILLA (YELLOW-) Menispermum PARROT’S-FEATHER . . Myriophyllum PARSLEY . Petroselinium FOOL’S- . Aethusa HEDGE- . Torilis (PARSLEY) HEMLOCK- . Conioselenium chinense PARSLEY-PIERT . Aphanes microcarpa PARSNIP . Pastinaca, Berula COW- . Heracleum MEADOW- . Thaspium WATER- . Berula, Sium PARTRIDGE-BERRY . Mitchella PARTRIDGE-PEA . Cassia PAWPAW (OR PAP AW) .... Asimina PEA . Lathyrus, Pisum BEACH- . Lathyrus japonicus BUSH- . Thermopsis BUTTERFLY- . Clitoria CANADA- . Vicia cracca CHICK- . Cicer MILK- . Galactia PARTRIDGE- . Chamaecrista, Senna SWEET- . Lathyrus odoratus PEACH . Prunus persica PEACH-BELLS Campanula persicifolia PEARLWORT . Sagina PELLITORY . Parietaria PENCIL-FLOWER Stylosanthes biflora PENNYCRESS . Thlaspi PENNYROYAL . BASTARD- OR FALSE- Trichostema MOCK- . Hedeoma PENNYWORT . Hydrocotyle PEONY (PAEONY) . Paeonia PEPPER (RED OR CHILI ) Capsicum PEPPER-BUSH (SWEET-) . . . Clethra PEPPERGRASS . Lepidium PEPPERIDGE . Nyssa PEPPERMINT . Mentha PEPPERWORT . Marsilia PERIWINKLE . Vinca PERSIMMON . Diospyros PETTY-MORREL . . . Aralia racemosa PHEASANT’S-EYE . Adonis, Narcissus PICKEREL-WEED . Pontederia PICK-POCKET . Capsella bursa-pastoris PIE-MARKER . Abutilon PIE-PLANT . Rheum PIGEONBERRY . Phytolacca 373 PIGEONGRASS . Setaria glauca PIGKILL . Kalmia PIGMYWEED . Tillaea PIGNUT . Carya PIGWEED Amaranthus, Chenopodium RUSSIAN- . Axyris WINGED- . Cycloloma PILEWORT . Erechtites PIMBINA . Viburnum trilobum PIMPERNEL . BROOK- . Veronica anagallis-aquatica FALSE- . Lindernia procumbens SCARLET- . Anagallis YELLOW . Taenidia PINAPPLE-WEED Matricaria discoidea PINE . Pinus GROUND- Lycopodium, Lycopodiella RUNNING- Lycopodium, Lycopodiella PINE-DROPS . Pterospora PINESAP . Monotropa uniflora PINEWEED . . Hypericum gentianoides PINCUSHION-FLOWER _ Scabiosa PINK . Silene CHILDING- .... Petrorhagia prolifer DEPTFORD- . Dianthus armeria ELECTION- . Rhododendron GARDEN- . Dianthus plumerius GRASS- . Calopogon, Dianthus INDIAN- . Lobelia cardinalis MAIDEN- OR MEADOW- Dianthus MARSH- . Sabatia MOSS- . Phlox subulata MULLEIN- . Lychnis coronaria ROSE- . Sabatia RUSH- . Stephanomeria SAXIFRAGE- . . Petrorhagia saxifraga SEA- . Sabatia SWAMP- . Arethusa, Helonias PINKSTER . Rhododendron PINKWEED . Polygonum PINWEED . Lechea PIPES . Equisetum PIPE-VINE . Aristolochia PIPSISSEWA . . . Chimaphila maculata PITCHER-PLANT . Sarracenia PLANE-TREE . Platanus PLANTAIN . Plantago MUD- . Heteranthera POOR-ROBIN’S- Erigeron, Hieraceum RATTLESNAKE- . Goodyera ROBIN’S- . Erigeron pulchellus PLEURISY-ROOT Asclepias tuberosus PLUM . Prunus PLUMBOY . Rubus pubescens PLUMEGRASS . Miscanthus POGONIA . LARGE WHORLED- . Isotria verticillata NODDING- . Triphora ROSE- . Pogonia SMALL WHORLED- . . Isotria medeoloides POINSETTIA (WILD-) . . Euphorbia dentata POISONBERRY . Solanum POKE (-WEED, -BERRY) . Phytolacca INDIAN- . Veratrum POLECAT-BUSH .... Rhus aromatica POLEMONY . Polemonium POLYANTHUS . Primula POLYPODY . Polypodium PONDWEED . Potamogeton POOR-MAN’S-PEPPER . . Lepidium virginicum POOR-MAN’S-WEATHERGLASS _ . Anagallis POPLAR . Populus TULIP- OR YELLOW- Liriodendron POPPY . Papaver CALIFORNIA- . Eschscholzia HORNED- . Glaucium PLUME- . Macleaya PRICKLY- . Argemone PORCELAIN-BERRY . . . Ampelopsis POSSOMWOOD . Halesia POTATO . Solanum tuberosum DUCK- . Sagittaria PRAIRIE- . Psoralia SWEET- . Ipomoea batatas WOODS- . . . Thalictrum thalictroides 374 POTATO-VINE . . Ipomoea pandurata POVERTY GRASS . Danthonia, Sporobolis POVERTY-WEED Monolepis, Spergula POWDERPUFT TREE . Albizzia PRAIRIE-SMOKE . . . Geum triflorum PRICKLY-PEAR . Opuntia PRIDE-OF-INDIA . Koelreuteria PRIM . Ligustrum PRIMROSE . Primula BUSH- . Oenothera fruticosa EVENING- . Oenothera WATER- .... Ludwigia uruguayensis PRINCE’S-FEATHER . . Amaranthus hypochondriacus, Polygonum orientate PRINCE’S-PINE . Chimaphila umbellata PRINCESS-TREE . Paulownia PRIVET . Ligustrum PROBOSCIS-FLOWER . . Proboscidia PROSO . Panicum miliaceum PUCCOON . Lithospermum RED- . Sanguinaria YELLOW- . Hydrastis PUDDING-BERRY Cornus canadensis PUNCTURE-WEED . Tribulus PURPLETOP . Tridens flavus PURSLANE (PUSSLEY) . . . Portulaca SEA- . Honckenya, Sesuvium WATER- . Elatine, Ludwigia palustris MARSH- . Ludwigia palustris PUSSY-TOES . . Androsace, Antennaria PUSSY-WILLOW . Salix PUTTYROOT . Aplectrum PYRETHRUM . . Chrysanthemum coccineum PYROLA . Monesis, Pyrola PYXIES . Pyxidanthera QUACKGRASS (QUICK-) Agropyron repens QUAKER-LADIES Houstonia caerulea QUAKING GRASS . Briza QUEEN-ANNE’S-LACE . Daucus QUEEN-OF-THE- -MEADOW .... Filipendula ulmaria -PRAIRIE . Filipendula rubra QUILLWORT . Isofites QUINCE . COMMON- . Cydonia FLOWERING- . Chaenomeles JAPANESE- . Chaenomeles RABBIT-FOOT GRASS . . . Polypogon RADISH . Raphanus RAGGED-ROBIN . Lychnis flos-cuculi RAGWEED . Ambrosia RAGWORT . Senecio RAMP . Allium RAM’S-HORN . Proboscidia RAMTIL (RAMTILLA) . Guizotia RAPE . Rapistrum RASPBERRY . Rubus RASPBERRY-STRAWBERRY Rubus illecebrosus RATTLEBOX . . Crotalaria, Rhinanthus RATTLESNAKE FERN . . Botrychium virginianum RATTLESNAKE GRASS .... Glyceria RATTLESNAKE-MASTER . Eryngium RATTLESNAKE-PLANTAIN Goodyera RATTLESNAKE-ROOT . . . Prenanthes RATTLEWEED .... Baptisia tinctoria REDBUD . Cercis canadensis REDROOT . . . . . Ceanothus herbaceus, Lachnanthes REDTOP . Agrostis gigantea REEDGRASS . Calamagrostis TALL- . Tridens flavus REED . Phragmites REEDGRASS . Phragmites SALT- . Spartina cynosuroides REED CANARY-GRASS _ Phalaris REED-MEADOWGRASS . . Glyceria maxima RESCUE GRASS . Bromus catharticus RESINWEED . . . Gutierrezia, Silphium REST-HARVEST . Ononis RHEUMATISM ROOT . . . Jeffersonia RHODORA Rhododendron canadense RHUBARB . Rheum MONK’S- . Rumex patientia 375 RIBGRASS (-WORT) . Plantago RICE . Oryzopsis INDIAN- WILD- . Zizania RICE-CUTGRASS . Leersia RICEGRASS . Oryzopsis RICHWEED . Collinsonia, Pilea RIPPLE-GRASS . Plantago RIVERWEED (-MOSS) . Podostemum ROANOKE-BELLS . Mertensia ROBIN-RUN-AWAY . Dalibarda ROCK-BELLS . Aquilegia ROCKET . DAME’S- . Hesperis DYER’S- . Reseda luteola FRENCH- .... Erucastrum gallicum GARDEN- . Eruca vesicaria LONDON- . Sisymbrium irio PRAIRIE . . . Erysimum inconspicuum SAND- . Diplotaxis muralis SEA- . Cakile maritima SHORE- . TURKISH- _ WALL- . YELLOW- _ ROCKET-SALAD ROCK-ROSE . . . ROPE-BARK . . . ROSE . CHRISTMAS- . . GUELDER- . . . .lAPANESE- . . . . Cakile edentula . Bunias . Diplotaxis Barbarea vulgaris . . Eruca vesicaria . . Helianthemum . Dirca . Rosa . Helleborus Viburnum opulus . Kerria ROSEBAY . Rhododendron ROSEMARY . Andromeda BOG- . Andromeda MARSH- . Limonium ROSE-OF-SHARON Hibiscus syriacus ROSEROOT . Sedum rosea ROSINWEED (RESIN-) _ Silphium, Gutierrezia ROUNDWOOD . Sorbus ROWAN . Sorbus ROYAL FERN . Osmunda regalis RUNNING CEDAR (-PINE) . . Lycopodium, Lycopodiella RUE . Ruta GOAT’S- . Galega, Tephrosia MEADOW- . Thalictrum RUE-ANEMONE . . Thalictrum thalictroides FALSE- . Enemion biternatum RUSH . Juncus (Bulbostylis, Fimbristylis, Lipocarpha) BOG- . Cladium BUL- (BULL = BULRUSH) . Scirpus FLOWERING- . Butomus HORNED- . Rhynchospora NUT- . Scleria SAND- . Bulbostylis SPIKE- . Eleocharis TWIG- . Cladium WOOD- . Luzula RUSHGRASS . Sporobolis RUTABAGA . Brassica napus RYE . Secale RYEGRASS . Lolium RYE-WEED . Taeniatherum SACHALINE . Polygonum sachalinense SAGE . Artemisia, Salvia BETHLEHEM- . Pulmonaria JERUSALEM- . Phlomis WOOD- . Teucrium SAGE-MINT . Phlomis SAGE-WEED . Artimisia SAGEWORT . Artimisia frigida SALMON-BERRY Rubus chamaemorus SALSIFY . Tragopogon SALTGRASS . Spartina FINETOP- . Sporobolus airoides SALT-MEADOW GRASS . Diplachne SALTWORT . Salicornia SAMPHIRE . Salicornia SANDBERRY Arctostaphylos uva-ursi SANDBUR (SANDSPUR) . . Cenchrus SANDGRASS . Triplasis SAND-SPURRY . Spergularia SAND-VINE . Cynanchum SANDWORT .... Arenaria, Minuartia, GROVE- . Moehringia 376 SANFOIN . Onobrychis SANICLE . Sanicula WHITE- . Eupatorium SANTA MARIA . . Parthenium hysterophorus SARSAPARILLA . Aralia WILD- .... Aralia nudicaulis, Smilax SATIN-GRASS Muhlenbergia mexicana SAVORY . Satureja SAWBRIER . Smilax glauca SAXIFRAGE . Saxifraga BURNET- . Pimpinella GOLDEN- . Chiysosplenium SCABIOUS . Scabiosa SWEET- (WHITE-) . Erigeron annuus SCALLION . Allium vineale SCOKE . Phytolacca SCOTCH MIST .... Galium sylvaticum SCOURING-RUSH . Equisetum SCRATCHGRASS . Muhlenbergia SCREWSTEM . Bartonia SEA-BLITE . Suaeda SEA-LAVENDER . Limonium SEA-MYRTLE . Baccharis SEASHELLS . Mollucella SEDGE . Carex (Cyperus, Fimbristylis, Lipocarpha) BALD- . . . (Psilocarya) Rhynchospora BEAK- . Rhynchospora BROOM- . Andropogon, Beckmannia, Bothriochloa THREE-WAY . Dulichium SELF-HEAL . Prunella SENNA . Chamaecrista, Senna BLADDER- . Colutea SENSITIVE FERN . Onoclea SENSITIVE PLANT (WILD) . . Chamaecrista nictitans SERRADELA . Omithopus SERVICEBERRY (SARVICEBERRY) . Amelanchier SESAME . Sesamum SEVEN-BARK Hydrangea arborescens SHADBUSH . Amelanchier SHAGBARK . Carya SHAMROCK . Oxalis, Trifolium SHAWNEE SALAD . . Hydrophyllum virginianum SHEEPBERRY .... Viburnum lentago SHELLBARK . Carya SHEPHERD’S-CLOCK . Anagallis SHEPHERD’S-PURSE . Capsella SHIELD FERN . Dryopteris, Polystichum, Thelypteris SHINLEAF . Pyrola SHOOTING-STAR . Dodocatheon SHORE-GRASS . Littorella SICKLEPOD .... Arabis, Chamaecrista SICKLE WEED . Falcaria SIDE-SADDLE PLANT . . . Sarracenia SILK-TREE . Albizzia SILK-VINE . Periploca SILVER-BELLS . Halesia SILVERBERRY . Elaeagnus SILVERWEED .... Potentilla anserina SIMPLER’S-JOY . . Verbena, Clematis SIX-WEEKS-GRASS . Vulpia SKELETON-WEED . Chondrilla, Stephanomeria SKULLCAP . Scutellaria SKUNK-CABBAGE .... Symplocarpus SKUNK-GRASS . Eragrostis cilianensis, Euphorbia cyparissias SLOE . Prunus SLOUGH-GRASS . Beckmannia SMARTWEED . Polygonum SMOKE-TREE . Cotinus SMUTGRASS . Sporobolus indicus SNAKEBERRY . Actaea SNAKE-HEADS . Chelone SNAKE-GRASS . Eragrostis cilianensis SNAKEROOT . . Aristolochia, Sanicula SENECA- . Polygala senega WHITE- . Eupatorium SNAKEWEED . Gutierrezia SNAPDRAGON . Chaenorrhinum DWARF- . Chaenorrhinum WILD- . Linaria vulgaris SNAPWEED . Impatiens SNEEZEWEED . . . Achillea, Helenium 377 SNOWBELLS (JAPANESE-) . . . Styrax SNOWBALL-TREE . Viburnum SNOWBERRY . . Symphoricarpos albus CREEPING- . Gaultheria SNOWDROP(S) Anemone quinquefolia, Galanthus SNOWFLAKE . Lamium album SUMMER- . Leucojum SNOW-IN-SUMMER . . Cerastium tomentosum SNOW-ON-THE-MOUNTAIN . . Euphorbia marginata SOAPBERRY . Shepherdia canadensis SOAPWORT .... Saponaria ocymoides SOUTHERNWOOD . Artemisia abrotanum SOLOMON’S-SEAL .... Polygonatum FALSE- . . (Smilacina) Maianthemum TWO-LEAF Maianthemum canadense SORREL . Oxalis, Rumex SORREL-TREE . Oxydendrum SOURWOOD . Oxydendrum SOWBANE . Chenopodium murale SOW-THISTLE . Sonchus SOYBEAN . Glycine SPANISH-BUTTONS . Centaurea nigra SPANISH-NEEDLES . Bidens SPATTERDOCK . Nuphar SPEARGRASS . Poa SEASIDE- . Puccinellia maritima SPEARMINT . Mentha SPEARSCALE . Atriplex patula SPEARWORT . Ranunculus SPEEDWELL . Veronica SPICEBUSH . Lindera SPIDER-FLOWER . Cleome SPIDER-WISP . Cleome SPIDERWORT . Tradescantia SPIKEGRASS Chasmanthium, Distichlis SPIKEMOSS . Selaginella SPIKENARD .... (Smilacina), Aralia, Maianthemum SPIKERUSH . Eleocharis SPINACH . Spinacea NEW ZEALAND- . Tetragonia SPINDLE-TREE . Euonymus SPIRAEA . Spiraea FALSE- . Sorbaria sorbifolia FLORIST'S- . Astilbe WHIPPED-CREAM- .... Filipendula SPLEENWORT . Asplenium SILVERY- . . Deparia acrostichoides, SPOONWOOD . Kalmia latifolia SPRANGLETOP . Diplachne SPRING-BEAUTY . Claytonia SPRUCE . Picea SPURGE . Chamaesyce, Euphorbia JAPANESE- . Pachysandra SQUASHBERRY .... Viburnum edule SQUAWBUSH . Viburnum opulus van americanum SQUAW-ROOT . Conopholis SQUAW-WEED . Senecio SQUILL . Scilla SQUIRREL-TAIL GRASS . . Hordeum jubatum STAFF-VINE . Celastrus scandens STAGBUSH . Viburnum STAGGERBUSH .... Lyonia mariana STAGHORN (SUMAC) . Rhus STAGHORN EVERGREEN . . Lycopodium ST. ANDREW’S-CROSS . . . Hypericum STARFLOWER . Maianthemum stellatum, Trientalis STARGRASS . Aletris, Hypoxis STAR-OF-BETHLEHEM Ornithogalum STAR-OF-GLORY . Ipomoea quamoclit STAR-OF-SEVEN . Trientalis STARWORT . Stellaria WATER- . Callitriche STATICE . Armeria, Limonium STEEPLEBUSH . . . Spiraea tomentosa STICKSEED . Hackelia, Lappula STICK-TIGHTS _ Hackelia, Bidens (Desmodium) STILT-GRASS (JAPANESE-) . Microstegium vimineum STINK-ASTER . Inula graveolens STINKGRASS . . . Eragrostis cilianensis 378 STINKING-WILLIE . Senecio jacobaea STITCHWORT . Stellaria ST-JOHN’S-WORT . Hypericum, Triadenum STONECROP . Penthorum STONEROOT (DITCH-) . . Collinsonia STORAX . Styrax STORKSBILL . Erodium ST. PETER’S-WORT . Hypericum STRAMONIUM . . Datura stramonium STRAND-GRASS . . . Elymus arenarius STRANGLEWEED . Cuscuta STRAWBELL . Uvularia perfoliata STRAWBERRY . Fragaria BARREN- . Waldsteinia FALSE-, INDIAN-, MOCK- . Duchesnea RASPBERRY- . . . Rubus illecebrosus STRAWBERRY-BLIGHT Chenopodium STRAWBERRY-BUSH . Calycanthus, Euonymus SUCCORY . Cichorium GUM- . Chondrilla LAMB- . Amoseris SUGARBERRY . Celtis SUMAC . Rhus, Toxicodendron POISON- . Toxicodendron vemix SUMMER-SWEET . Clethra SUNDEW . Drosera SUNDROPS . Oenothera SUNFLOWER . Helianthus TICKSEED- . Bidens SWALLOW-WORT _ Chelidonium, Cynanchum SWAMP-CANDLES . Lysimachia terrestris SWAMP-PINK .... Arethusa, Helonias SWEET-BAY (SWAMP-) . . Magnolia virginiana SWEETBERRY . . . Viburnum lentago SWEETBELLS . . Leucothofi racemosa SWEETBRIAR . Rosa SWEET-FERN . Comptonia SWEETFLAG . Acorus SWEET-GALE . Myrica SWEETGRASS . Hierochlofi SWEET-HURTS . . Vaccinium angustifolium SWEET-LEAF . Symplocos SWEET-SHRUB . Calycanthus SWEET-WILLIAM . Dianthus, Saponaria, Silene armeria WILD- . Phlox SWITCHGRASS . . . Panicum virgatum SWORDGRASS . . . Scirpus americanus SYCAMORE . Platanus TACAMAHAC(K) Populus balsamifera TAMARACK . Larix TANGLEWOOD Viburnum lantanoides TAPEGRASS . Vallisneria TARE . Vicia TARWEED . Amsinckia, Cuphea, Grindelia, Hemizonia, Madia TEA . APPALACHIAN- . . Viburnum nudum var. cassinoides CANADA- (CANADIAN-) . . . Spiraea LABRADOR- . Rhododendron groenlandicum MEXICAN- . Chenopodium MOUNTAIN- . Gaultheria NEW JERSEY- Ceanothus americanus OSWEGO- . Monarda didyma TEABERRY . . Gaultheria procumbens. Viburnum nudum var. cassinoides TEARTHUMB . Polygonum TEASEL . Dipsacus TERRAGON . . Artemisia dracunculus THIMBLEBERRY . Rubus THIMBLEWEED (-HEAD) . Anemone THISTLE . Carduus, Cirsium BARNABY’S- . . Centaurea solstitialis BLESSED- . Cnicus CARLINE- . Carlina COTTON- (GIANT-) . . . Onopordum GLOBE- . Echinops RUSSIAN- . Salsola SCOTCH- . Onopordum STAR- . Centaurea THORNLESS- . Centaurea 379 THORN-APPLE . . . Crataegus, Datura THOROUGHWAX . Bupleurum THOROUGHWORT .... Eupatorium THREADFOOT . Podostemum THREE-AWN . Aristida THREE-SEEDED-MERCURY . . Acalypha THREE-SQUARE . Scirpus americanus THREE-WAY SEDGE _ Dulichium THRIFT . Armeria THROATWORT Campanula trachelium THYME . Thymus TICK-CLOVER . Desmodium TICKLEGRASS . Agrostis scabra TICKSEED-SUNFLOWER _ Bidens TIMOTHY . Phleum MARSH- .... Muhlenbergia glomerata TINKER’S-WEED . Triosteum perfoliatum TOADFLAX . Linaria BASTARD- . Comandra TOBACCO . Nicotiana INDIAN- . Lobelia inflata RABBIT- . Gnaphalium TOMATO . Lycopersicon CHERRY-, HUSK- . Physalis STRAWBERRY- . Physalis TOOTH-CUP . Rotala TOOTHWORT . Cardamine TOUCH-ME-NOT . Impatiens TOWER-MUSTARD . . . Arabis glabra TRAILING-ARBUTUS . Epigaea TRAVELLER’S-JOY . Clematis TREACLE (-MUSTARD) Erysimum TREE-OF-HEAVEN . Ailanthus TREFOIL . Lotus TICK- . Desmodium TROUTLILY . Erythronium TRUMPET-CREEPER . Campsis TRUMPET-FLOWER (-VINE) Campsis TRUMPET-WEED . . Eupatorium fistulosum TUBER-ROOT . . . Asclepias tuberosus TUCKAHOE . Peltandra TULE . Scirpus TULIP-TREE (-POPLAR) Liriodendron TUMBLEWEED Amaranthus, Cycloloma TUPELO (TUPELO-GUM) _ Nyssa TURNIP . Brassica natans INDIAN- . Arisaema triphyllum, Psoralea PRAIRIE- . Psoralea TURNSOLE . . . Heliotropium indicum TURTLE-HEADS . Chelone TUSSOCK-SEDGE . Carex stricta TWAYBLADE . Liparis, Listera TWINBERRY . Mitchella TWINFUOWER . Linnaea TWINLEAF . Jeffersonia TWISTWOOD .... Viburnum lantana TWO-EYED-BERRY . Mitchella UMBRELLA-GRASS . . Fiurena pumila UMBRELLA-PLANT . . Cyperus alternifolius UMBRELLA-TREE . Magnolia acuminata, Melia azederach UMBRELLA-WORT . Mirabilis UNICORN-PLANT . Proboscidia VALERIAN . Valeriana GREEK- . . . Polemonium van-bruntiae VELVET GRASS VELVET-LEAF VERNALGRASS VERVAIN .... VETCH . CROWN- _ MILK- . VETCHLING . . VIOLET . BOG- . DAME’S- _ DOG-TOOTH- FALSE- . GREEN- . WATER- _ VIRGILIA .... . Holcus . . . . Abutilon Anthoxanthum . Verbena . Vida . . . . Coronilla . . . Astragalus . . . . Lathyrus . Viola . . . Pinguicula . Hesperis Erythronium . . . . Dalibarda . . . Hybanthus . . . . Hottonia . . . . Cladrastis VIRGINIA-CREEPER . Parthenocissus VIRGIN’S-BOWER . Clematis WAHOO . Euonymus atropurpurea WALL-PEPPER . Sedum 380 WALL-RUE . . Asplenium ruta-muraria WALNUT . Juglans WANDERING-JEW .... Tradescantia WANKAPIN . Nelumbo WAPATO . Sagittaria WART-GRASS . Coronopus WARTWEED . Chamaesyce, Euphorbia WARTWORT . Chelidonium WATERBERRY . Lonicera villosa WATER-CHESTNUT . Trapa WATER-CLOVER . Marsilia WATER-FEATHER .... Myriophyllum WATER-FERN . Azolla, Salvinia WATER-FLAXSEED . Spirodela WATER-FRINGE ...... Nymphoides WATER-HYACINTH . Eichhomia WATERLEAF . Hydrophyllum WATER-LETTUCE . Pistia WATER-LILY . . Nymphaea (Nuphar) YELLOW- . Nuphar WATERMEAL . Wolffia WATERMELON . Citrullus WATER-MILFOIL . Myriophyllum WATER-NUT . Trapa WATER-PEPPER . Polygonum WATER-PLANTAIN . Alisma WATER-SHIELD . Brasenia CAROLINA- . Cabomba WATER-STARGRASS . . Heteranthera WATER-WEED . Egeria, Elodea WATER- WILLOW . . Decodon, Justicia WATERWORT . Elatine WAXWEED . Cuphea WAXWORK . Celastrus scandens WAYFARING-TREE Viburnum lantana WEDGEGRASS . Sphenopholis WEED-ORCHID . Epipactis WEIGELIA (WEIGELA) .... Weigela WEN-DOCK (PURPLE-) .... Brasenia WHEAT . Trisetum aestivum COW- . Melampyrum INDIA- . Fagopyrum tataricum WHEATGRASS . Agropyron, Eremopyrum WHIN . Genista, Ulex WHISTLEWOOD . Acer pensylvanicum WHITE-BUTTONS . Eriocaulon WHITEGRASS . Oryzopsis WHITE-MAN’S-TRACK . Plantago WHITETOP . Erigeron WHITEWOOD . Tilia WHITLOW-GRASS . Draba WICKUP . Epilobium WICKY . Kalmia WICOPY . Dirca WIDGEON-GRASS . Ruppia WIDOW’S-FRILL . Silene stellata WIDOW’S-TEARS . Tradescantia WILD-RAISIN . . . . . Viburnum nudum var. cassinoides WILD-RYE . Elymus WILD-CELERY . Vallisneria WILLOW . Salix WATER- . Decodon, Justicia WILLOW-HERB . Epilobium WILLOW-WEED . Epilobium, Justicia, Polygonum lapathifolium WINDFLOWER . Anemone WINDMILL GRASS Chloris verticillata WINEBERRY . . . Rubus phoenicolasius WINGSTEM . Verbesina WINTERBERRY . Ilex WINTERGREEN . Chimaphila, Gaultheria, Pyrola FLOWERING- . . . Polygala pauciflora ONE-SIDED- . Orthilia WIREGRASS . Eleusine WITCHGRASS . . Agropyron, Digitaria WITCH-HAZEL . Hamamelis WITHE-ROD . Viburnum WITLOOF . Cichorium WOAD-WAXEN . Genista WOLFBERRY . . Symphoricarpos occidentalis WOLF’S-CLAWS Huperzia, Lycopodium WOLF’S-MILK . Euphorbia esula WOODBINE . Parthenocissus ITALIAN- . Lonicera caprifolium WOOD FERN . Dryopteris, Thelypteris WOODLILY . Clintonia 381 WOODREED . Cinna WOODRUFF . Asperula WOOD-VAMP . Decumaria WORMSEED . . Chenopodium ambrosioides WORMSEED-MUSTARD . . Erysimum cheiranthoides WORMWOOD . Artemisia WOUNDWORT . Stachys YAM . Dioscorea YARROW . Achillea YELLOW-EYED-GRASS . Xyris YELLOWROOT . Xanthorhiza YELLOW-WOOD . Cladrastis YERBA-DE-TAGO . Eclipta YEW . Taxus 382 Index to Genera and Families Note: Parentheses indicate that the name is listed on that page only as a synonym. Abies . . 24 Abutilon . . 77 Acalypha . . 162 ACANTHACEAE . 218 Acanthospermum . . 230 Acer . . 168 ACERACEAE . , . . 168 Acerates . . (182) Achillea . . 230 Achyranthes . . . . . (63) Acinos . . 196 Acmispon . . (145) Acnida . . (57) Aconitum . . 30 Acorus . . 273 Acrostichum . . . . . (16,17,22) Actaea . . 31 Actinomeris . . (265) Adiantum . . 14 Adicia . . (44) Adlumia . . 39 Adonis . . 31 Adoxa . . 228 ADOXACEAE . , . . 228 Aegilops . . 304 Aegopodium . . . . . 174 Aesculus . . 168 Aethusa . . 174 Agalinis . . 209 Agastache . . 196 AGAVACEAE . . . . 344 Ageratina . . (245) Agoseris . . (257) Agrimonia . . 117 Agropyron . (315,316,317,326) 304 Agrostemma . . . . . 59 Agrostis . . (309) 304 Ailanthus . . 170 Aira . . (313,321) 305 AIZOACEAE . . , . 51 Ajuga . 196 Akebia . 38 Albizia . 137 Alcea . 77 Alchemilla . 117 Aletris . 337 Alisma . 267 ALISMATACEAE . 267 Alliaria . 90 Allionia . (51) Allium . 337 Allysum . 91 Alnus . 48 Alopecurus . 305 Alsine . (62,63) Alsinella . (63,66) Althaea . 77 Alyssum . (92,93) 91 AMARANTHACEAE . 57 Amaranthus . 57 AMARYLLIDACEAE see LILIACEAE Ambrosia . 230 Amelanchier . 117 Amerorchis . 345 Amianthium . 337 Ammania . (154) Ammodenia . (61) Ammophila . 305 Amorpha . 137 Ampelamus . (183) Ampelopsis . (165) 164 Amphicarpaea . 138 Amphicarpum . 305 Amsinckia . 191 Amsonia . 182 Amygdalus . (129) ANACARDIACEAE . 169 Anacharis . (268) Anagallis . 109 Anaphalis . 231 383 Anchistea . . (17) Anchusa . . 192 Andromeda . . . (103,104) 102 Andropogon . . (308,330) 306 Androsace . . no Anemone . . (36) 31 Anemonella . . (36,37) Anethum . . 174 Angelica . . 174 Anguria . . (85) ANNONACEAE . . 27 Anoda . . 77 Antennaria . . 231 Anthemis . .... (241) 231 Anthoxanthum . . 306 Anthriscus . . 174 Anthyllis . . 138 Anticlea . . (343) Antirrhinum . . 210 Anychia . . (63) Apera . . 307 Aphanes . . 118 Aphyllon . . (218) API ACE AE . . 174 Apios . . 138 Apium . . (178) 175 Aplectrum . . 345 APOCYNACEAE . . . . . 182 Apocynum . . 182 AQUIFOLIACEAE . . . . 161 Aquilegia . . 31 Arabidopsis . . 91 Arabis . . (94) 91 ARACEAE . . 273 Aralia . . 173 ARALIACEAE . . 173 Arceuthobium . . 160 Arctium . . 232 Arctostaphylos . . 102 Arenaria . , . . (61,62,66) 59 Arethusa . . 346 Argemone . . 38 Argentina . . (127) Arisaema . . 273 Aristida . . 307 Aristolochia . 28 ARISTOLOCHIACEAE . 28 Armoracia . 92 Arnica . 232 Arnoglossum . (239) Arnoseris . 232 Aronia . 118 Arrenatherum . 307 Artemisia . 232 Arthraxon . 307 Aruncus . 119 Arundinaria . 307 Asarum . 28 ASCLEPIADACEAE . 182 Asclepias . 182 Ascyrum . (75) Asimina . 27 Asparagus . 338 Asperugo . 192 Asperula . 222 Aspidium . (16,18,19,22) ASPLENIACEAE . 17 Asplenium . (19) 17 Asprella . (315) Aspris . (305) Aster . 233 ASTERACEAE . 230 Astilbe . 115 Astragalus . 138 Athyrium . (19) 18 Atragene . (32) Atriplex . 52 Atropa . (135) 184 Aureolaria . 210 Aurinia . 92 Avena . 308 Axyris . 52 Azalea . (106) Azolla . 23 AZOLLACEAE . 23 Baccharis . 238 Ballota . 197 BALSAMINACEAE . 173 Balsamita . 238 Baptisia . 138 384 Barbarea . 92 Bartonia . 180 Bassia . 53 Batrachium . (34) Beckmannia . 308 Behen . (64) Belamcanda . 343 Beilis . 238 Benzoin . (28) BERBERIDACE.4E . 37 Berberis . 37 Berteroa . 93 Berula . 175 Beta . 53 Betula . 48 BETULACEAE . 48 Bidens . (257) 238 Bigelowia . (66) Bignonia . (218) BIGNONIACEAE . 218 Bilderdykia . (68) BLECHNACEAE . 17 Blechnum . (17) Blephariglottis . (349) Blephilia . 197 Blitum . (53) Bocconia . (39) Boebera . 244 Boehmeria . 43 Bolboschoenus . (303) Boltonia . 239 BORAGINACEAE . 191 Borago . 192 Bothriochloa . 308 Botrychium . 12 Bouteloua . 308 Brachyactis . 239 Brachyelytrum . 308 Brasenia . 30 Brassica . 93 BRASSICACEAE . (100) 90 Briza . 308 Bromus . (320,334) 308 Broussonetia . 42 Bruniera . (275) Brunnera . 192 Buchnera . 210 Buda . (66) Buddleja (Buddleia) . 208 BUDDLEJACEAE . 208 Bugglossoides . 192 Bulbostylis . 281 Bunias . 93 Bupleurum . 175 Bursa . (94) BUTOMACEAE . 267 Butomus . 267 BUXACEAE . 162 Buxus . 162 Cabomba . 30 CABOMBACEAE . 30 Cacalia . 239 CACTACEAE . 51 CAESALPINACEAE see FABACEAE Cakile . 93 Calamagrostis . 310 Calamintha . 197 Calamovilfa . 311 Calendula . 239 Calibrachoa . (185) Calla . 274 Callistephus . 240 CALLITRICHACEAE . 206 Callitriche . 206 Calluna . 102 Calopogon . 346 Caltha . 32 CALYCANTHACEAE . 27 Calycanthus . 27 Calypso . 346 Calystegia . 187 Camelina . 94 Camissonia . (157) Campanula . 220 CAMPANULACEAE . 220 Campanulastrum . (220) Campe . (92) Campsis . 218 Camptosorus . (17) Canna . 336 385 CANNABACEAE . 42 Cannabis . 42 CANNACEAE . 336 Capnoides . (39) Capnorchis . (40) CAPPARIDACEAE . 90 CAPRIFOLIACEAE . 225 Capriola . (312) Capsella . 94 Capsicum . 184 Carara . (96) Cardamine . 94 Cardaria . 95 Cardiospermum . 167 Carduus . (261) 240 Carex . 281 Carlina . 240 Carpinus . 50 Carum . 175 Carya . 44 CARYOPHYLLACEAE . 59 Cassandra . (102) Cassia . (148) Cassiope . (104) Castalia . (30) Castanea . 46 Castilleja . 211 Catalpa . 219 Catapodium . 311 Cathea . (346) Caulophyllum . 37 Ceanothus . 164 CELASTRACEAE . 160 Celastrus . 160 Celeri . (175) Celtis . 41 Cenchrus . 314 Centaurea . 240 Centaurium . 180 Centunculus . (109) Ceolopleurum . (174) Cephalantlius . 222 Cerastium . 59 Cerasus . (129) Ceratocephala . 32 CERATOPHYLLACEAE . 30 Ceratophyllum . 30 Ceratoshoenus . (299) CERCIDIPHYLLACEAE . 41 Cercidiphyllum . 41 Cercis . 139 Cerothamnus . (45) Chaenactis . 241 Chaenomeles . 119 Chaenorrhinum . 211 Chaerophyllum . (174) 175 Chaetochloa . (330) Chamaecrista . 139 Chamaecyparis . 26 Chamaedaphne . 102 Chamaelirium . 338 Chamaemelum . (232) 241 Chamaemorus . (133) Chamaesyce . 162 Chamomilla . (256) Chasmanthium . 311 Cheilanthes . 14 Cheirinia . (97) Chelidonium . 38 Chelone . 211 CHENOPODIACEAE . 52 Chenopodium . (56) 53 Chimaphila . 102 Chiogenes . (103) Chionanthus . 208 Chironia . (181) Chloris . (317) 311 Chondrilla . 241 Chrosperma . (337) Chrysanthemum . 241 . (238,244,255,256.264) Chrysogonum . 241 Chrysopsis . (258) 241 Chrysosplenium . 115 Chrysothamnus . 242 Cicer . (144) Cicer . 139 Cichorium . 242 Ciclospermum . 175 Cicuta . 175 386 Cimicifuga . 32 Cinna . 312 Circaea . 155 Cirsium . 242 CISTACEAE . 79 Citrullus . 85 Cladium . 294 Cladrastis . 139 Claytonia . 58 Clematis . 32 Cleome . 90 Clethra . 102 CLETHRACEAE . 102 Clinopodium . (196) 197 Clintonia . 338 Clitoria . 139 CLUSIACEAE . 75 Clypeola . (99) Clypeola . (91) Cnicus . 242 Coeloglossum . 346 Coincya . 95 Coix . 312 Colchicum . 338 Coleogeton . 269 Collinsia . 211 Collinsonia . 197 Collomia . 190 Colutea . 139 Comandra . (160)159 Comarum . (127) Commelina . 276 COMMELINACEAE . 276 COMPOSITAE see ASTERACEAE Comptonia . 45 Conioselinum . 176 Conium . 176 Conobea . (212) Conoclinium . (245) Conopholis . 217 Conringia . 95 Consolida . 33 Convallaria . 338 CONVOLVULACEAE . 187 Convolvulus . (182) 188 Conyza . 243 Coptis . 33 Corallorhiza . 346 Corema . 103 Coreopsis . (265) 243 Coriandrum . 176 Corispermum . 55 CORNACEAE . 158 Cornus . 158 Coronaria . (61) Coronilla . 139 Coronopus . 96 Corydalis . 39 Corylus . 50 Corynephorus . 312 Cosmos . 243 Cotinus . 169 Cotoneaster . 119 Cracca . 150 Crassula . 114 CRASSULACEAE . 114 Crataegus . 119 Crepis . 243 Crocanthemum . (79) Crocus . 343 Crotalaria . 140 Croton . Appendix Cruciata . 222 CRUCIFERAE see BRASSICACEAE Crypsis . 315 Cryptogramma . 15 Cryptotaenia . 176 Cubelium . (81) Cucubalus . (64) Cucumis . 85 Cucurbita . (85) 86 CUCURBITACEAE . 85 Cunila . 197 Cuphea . 154 CUPRESSACEAE . 26 Cuscuta . 189 CUSCUTACEAE . 189 Cycloloma . 55 Cydonia . 124 Cymbalaria . 211 387 Cynanchum . 183 Cynodon . 312 Cynoglossum . 192 Cynosurus . 312 CYPERACEAE . 281 Cyperus . (299) 294 Cypripedium . 346 Cyrtomium . 18 Cystopteris . 18 Cytherea . (346) Cytisus . 140 Dactylis . 312 Dactyloctenium . 312 Dalea . 140 Dalibarda . (137) 124 Danthonia . 313 Daphne . 155 Dasiphora . (127) Dasystephana . (180) Datura . 184 Daucus . 176 Decodon . 154 Decumaria . 112 Delopyrum . (68) Dendranthema . 244 Dennstaedtia . 15 DENNSTAEDTIACEAE . 15 Dentaria . (94) Deparia . 19 Deringa . (126) Deschampsia . 313 Descurainia . 96 Desmodium . 140 Deutzia . 112 Dianthera . (218) Dianthus . (63) 60 Diapensia . 108 DIAPENSIACEAE . 108 Diarrhena . 313 Dicentra . 40 Dichanthelium . (323) Dictamnus . 170 Diervilla . 225 Digitalis . 211 Digitaria . 313 Diodia . 222 Dioscorea . 345 DIOSCOREACEAE . 345 Diospyros . 109 Diphasiastrum . (8) Diphasium . (8) Diplachne . 314 Diplazium . (8) 19 Diplotaxis . 96 DIPSACACEAE . 229 Dipsacus . 229 Dirca . 155 Disporum . 338 Distichlis . 314 Dittrichia . 244 Dodocatheon . 110 Doellingeria . (233) Dolichos . 142 Dondia . (56) Draba . 97 Dracocephalum . (202) 198 Dracontium . (274) Drosera . 79 DROSERACEAE . 79 Drymocallis . (127) DRYOPTERIDACEAE . 18 Dryopteris . (16, 21) 19 Duchesnea . 124 Dulichium . 296 Dyssodia . 244 EBENACEAE . 109 Ecballium . 86 Echinacea . 244 Echinochloa . 314 Echinocystis . 86 Echinodorus . 267 Echinops . 244 Echium . 193 Eclipta . 245 Egeria . 268 Eichhornia . 336 ELAEAGNACEAE . 152 Elaeagnus . 152 ELATINACEAE . 74 Elatine . 74 388 Eleocharis . . 296 Euphrasia . . 212 Eleusine . . 315 Eustachys . . 317 Ellisia . . 191 Euthamia . . 247 Elodea . . 268 Euxolus . . (57) Elsholtzia . . 198 Exochorda . . 124 Elymus . (304,320,333) 315 Faba . . (150) Elytrigia . . 316 FABACEAE . . 137 EMPETRACEAE see ERICACEAE FAGACEAE . . 46 Empetnim . . 103 Fagopyrum . . 68 Endymion . . (339) Fagus . . 46 Enemion . . 33 Falcaria . . 176 Epifagus . . 217 Falcata . . (138) Epigaea . . 103 Festuca . . . . (320,334) 317 Epilobium . . 155 Ficaria . . (34) Epipactis . . 347 Ficus . . 43 EQUISETACEAE . . . . 11 Filaginella . . (248) Equisetum . . 11 Filago . . 248 Eragrostis . . 316 Filipendula . . 124 Eranthis . . 33 Filtx . . (18) Erechtites . . 245 Fimbristylis . . 298 Eremopyrum . . 317 Floerkea . . 173 Erianthus . . (329) Foeniculum . . 177 ERICACEAE . . 102 Forsythia . . 208 Erigenia . . 176 Fragaria . . (124) 125 Erigeron . . (243) 245 Frangula . . (164) ERIOCAULACEAE . . 276 Frasera . . 180 Eriocaulon . . 276 Fraxinus . . 208 Eriochloa . . 317 Froelichia . . 58 Eriophorum . . (300) 298 Fuirena . . 299 Erodium . . 77 Fumaria . . (39) 40 Erophila . . (97) FUMARIACEAE . . . . 39 Eruca . . 97 Gaillardia . . 248 Erucastnim . . 97 Galactia . . 142 Ervum . . (144) Galanthus . . 338 Eryngium . . 176 Galax . . 109 Erysimum . . (92) 97 Gale . . (45) Erythronium . . 338 Galearis . . 347 Eschscholzia . . 38 Galega . . 142 Eubotrys . . (104) Galeopsis . . 198 Eulalia . . (321) Galeorchis . . (347) Euonymus (Evonymus) . 161 Galinsoga . . 248 Eupatoriadelphus . . . . . (245) Galium . . 222 Eupatorium . . 245 Gamochaeta . . (248) Euphorbia . . (162) 163 Gaultheria . . 103 EUPHORBIACEAE . . 162 Gaura . . 156 389 Gaylussacia . 103 Gemmingia . (343) Genista . (140) 142 Gentiana . (181) 180 GENTIANACEAE . 180 Gentianella . 181 Gentianopsis . 181 Geocaulon . 160 GERANIACEAE . 172 Geranium . 172 Gerardia . (209,210) Geum . 125 Gifola . (248) Gilia . 190 Gillenia . (127) Ginkgo . 24 GINKGOACEAE . 24 Glaucium . 38 Glaux . 110 Glechoma . 198 Gleditsia . 142 Glyceria . 318 Glycine . (138,148) 143 Glycyrrhiza . 143 Gnaphalium . 248 Gomphrena . (58) Goodyera . 347 GRAMINEAE see POACEAE Gratiola . (213) 212 Grindelia . 249 Grossularia . (113) GROSSULARIACEAE . 113 Guizotia . 249 Gutierrezia . 249 GUTTIFERAE see CLUSIACEAE Gymnadeniopsis . (349) Gymnocarpium . 21 Gymnocladus . 143 Gymnolomia . (251) Gypsophila . (63) 61 Gyrotheca . (336) Habenaria . (346,349) Hackelia . 193 HAEMODORACEAE . 336 Halenia . 181 Halesia . 109 HALORAGACEAE . 153 HAMAMELIDACEAE . 41 Hamamelis . 41 Haplopappus . (256) Harrimanella . 104 Hedeoma . 198 Hedera . 173 Hedyotis . (224) Hedysarum . (147) Hedysarum . (140,144) Helenium . 249 Heleochloa . (312) Helianthemum . 79 Helianthium . (267) Helianthus . 249 Heliomeris . 251 Heliopsis . 251 Heliotropium . 193 Helleborus . 33 Helonias . 338 Hemerocallis . 339 Hemianthus . (213) Hemicarpha . (299) Hemizonia . 251 Hepatica . 33 Heracleum . 177 Herniaria . 61 Hesperis . 98 Heteranthera . 336 Heteromeris . (79) Heterotheca . (241) 251 Heuchera . 116 Hibiscus . 78 Hicoria . (44) Hieracium . 251 Hierochloe . (306) HIPPOCASTANACEAE . 168 Hipposelinum . (127) HIPPURIDACEAE . 206 Hippurus . 206 Holcus . (331) 319 Holosteum . 61 Homalocenchrus . (324) Honckenya . 61 390 Hordeum . 319 Hosta . 339 Hottonia . 110 Houstonia . 224 Hudsonia . 80 Humulus . 42 Huperzia . 7 Hutera . (95) Hyascinthoides . 339 Hybanthus . 81 Hydrangea . 112 HYDRANGEACEAE . 112 Hydrastis . 34 Hydrocharis . 269 HYDROCHARITACEAE . 268 Hydrocotyle . 177 Hydrophila . (114) HYDROPHYLLACEAE . (191 Hydrophyllum . 191 HYMENOPHYLLACEAE . 15 Hyoscyamus . 184 HYPERICACEAE see CLUSIACEAE Hypericum . (76) 75 Hypochaeris . 253 Hypopitys . (105) Hypoporum . (303) Hypoxis . 339 Hyssopus . 199 Hystrix . (315) Iberis . 98 Ibidium . (351) Ilex . 161 Inula . 253 llysanthes . (213) Impatiens . 173 Imperatia . (63) Imperatoria . (128) Inula . (244) 253 lonactis . (233) Ipomoea . 188 Ipomopsis . 190 IRIDACEAE . 343 Iris . 343 Isatis . 98 ISOETACEAE . 10 Isoetes . 10 Isopyrum . (33) Isotria . 348 Iva . 253 Ixeris . 253 Jacksonia . (90) Jasione . 221 Jeffersonia . 37 JUGLANDACEAE . 44 Juglans . 45 JUNCACEAE . 277 JUNCAGINACEAE . 269 Juncoides . (280) Juncus . (281) 277 Juniperus . 26 Jussiaea . (156) Justicia . 218 Kalmia . 104 Kerria . 126 Kickxia . 212 Knautia . 229 Kneiffia . (157) Kochia . (53) Koeleria . 320 Koellia . (202) Koelreuteria . 168 Kohlraushia . (63) Koniga . (99) Kosteletzkya . 78 Krigia . 253 Kummerovvia . (144) Kyllinga . 299 LABIATAE see LAMIACEAE Lablab . (142) Lachnanthes . 336 Laciniaria . (255) Lactuca . 253 Lagenaria . 86 LAMIACEAE . 196 Lamiastrum . 199 Lamium . 199 Laportea . 43 Lappula . 193 Lapsana . 254 LARDIZABALACEAE . 38 391 Lasallea . (233) Larix . 24 Lathyrus . 143 LAURACEAE . 28 Lavandula . 199 Lechea . 80 Ledum . (107) Leersia . 320 LEGUMINOSAE see FABACEAE Lemna . (275) 274 LEMNACEAE . 274 Lens . 144 LENTIBULARIACEAE . 219 Leontodon . 254 Leonurus . 199 Lepargyraea . (152) Lepidium . (95) 98 Leptamnium . (217) Leptilon . 243 Leptochloa . (314) Leptoloma . (313) Lespedeza . 144 Leucanthemella . 255 Leucanthemum . 255 Leucojum . 339 Leucophysalis . 184 Leucospora . 212 Leucothoe . 104 Levisticum . 177 Ley m us . 320 Liatris . 255 Ligusticum . 177 Ligustrum . 209 Lilaeopsis . 178 LILIACEAE . 337 Lilium . 339 LIMNANTHACEAE . 173 Limnobium . 269 Limnorchis . (349) Limonium . 74 Limosella . 212 LIN ACE AE . 166 Linaria . (211) 212 Lindera . 28 Lindernia . 213 Linnaea . 225 Linum . 166 Liparis . 348 Lipocarpha . 299 Lippia . (195) Liquidambar . (45) 41 Liriodendron . 27 Listera . 348 Lithospermum . (192) 194 Littorella . 207 Lobelia . 221 Lobularia . 99 Logfia . (248) Loiseleuria . 105 Lolium . 320 Lonicera . 225 Lophochloa . (320) Lophotocarpus . (267) Lorinseria . (17) Lotus . 145 Ludwigia . 156 Lunaria . 99 Lupinus . 146 Luzula . 280 Lychnis . (59,64) 61 Lycium . 185 Lycopersicon . 185 LYCOPODIACEAE . 7 Lycopodiella . 7 Lycopodium . (7,10) 8 Lycopsis . (192) Lycopus . 199 Lygodesmia . (258) LYGODIACEAE . 14 Lygodium . 14 Lyonia . 105 Lysias . (349) Lysiella . (349) Lysimachia . 110 LYTHRACEAE . 154 Lythrum . 154 Machaeranthera . 256 Macleaya . 39 Madura . 43 Madia . 256 392 Magnolia . 27 MAGNOLIACEAE . 27 Mahonia . 37 Maianthemum . 340 Malacothrix . 256 Malaxis . 349 Malus . 126 Malva . 78 MALVACEAE . 77 Mappia . (197) Mariana . (261) Mariscus . (294) Marrubium . 200 Marsilea . 23 MARSILEACEAE . 23 Martynia . (218) Maruta . (232) Matricaria . 256 Matteuccia . 21 Mazus . 213 Medeola . 340 Medicago . 146 Megalodonta . 257 Meibomia . (140) Melampyrum . 213 Melandrium . (61,64) Melanthium . (337) 340 MELASTOMATACEAE . 158 Melia . 170 MELIACEAE . 170 Melica . (330) 321 Melilotus . 146 Melissa . 200 Melochia . 77 MENISPERMACEAE . 38 Menispermum . 38 Mentha . 200 MENYANTHACEAE . 189 Menyanthes . 189 Mercurialis . 164 Mertensia . 194 Mespilus . (118) Mibora . 321 Micrampelis . (86) Micranthemum . 213 Microseris . (257) Microstegium . 321 Mikania . 257 Milium . 321 MIMOSACEAE see FABACEAE Mimulus . 214 Minuartia . 62 Mirabilis . 51 Miscanthus . 321 Mitchella . 224 Mitella . 116 Moehringia . 62 Moldavica . (198) Molinia . 321 MOLLUGINACEAE . 59 Mollugo . 59 Moluccella . 201 Momordica . (86) Monarda . 201 Moneses . 105 Monolepis . 55 Monotropa . 106 MONOTROPACEAE see ERICACEAE Montia . 58 MORACEAE . 42 Morelia . (45) Morus . (42) 43 Muhlenbergia . 322 Murdannia . (276) Muricauda . (274) Muscari . 341 Mycelis . (253) Myosotis . 193 Myosoton . 63 Myrica . 45 MYRICACEAE . 45 Myriophyllum . 153 Nabalus . (259) NAJADACEAE . 272 Najas . 272 Narcissus . 341 Nardus . 327 Narthecium . (342) Nasturtium . (92,99) Naumbergia . (HO) 393 Nazia . (338) Negundo . (168) Nelumbo . 29 NELUMBONACEAE . 29 Nemopanthus . 162 Neobeckia . (92) Neopieris . (105) Nepeta . (198) 201 Nephrodium . (14,15,18,22) Neslia . 99 Nicandra . 185 Nicotiana . 185 Nigella . 34 Norta . (100) Nothocalais . 257 Notholcus . (319) Nuphar . 29 Nuttalanthus . (212) NYCTAGINACEAE . 51 Nycterium . (186) Nymphaea . (29) 30 NYMPHAEACEAE . 29 Nymphoides . 190 Nymphozanthus . (29) Nyssa . 158 NYSSACEAE . 158 Oakesiella . (342) Obione . (52) Oceanorus . (343) Ocimum . 201 Odontites . 214 Oenothera . 157 Oldenlandia . 224 OLEACEAE . 208 Omalotheca . (248) ONAGRACEAE . 155 Onobrychis . 147 Onoclea . 21 Ononis . 147 Onopordum . 257 Onosmodium . 194 OPHIOGLOSSACEAE . 12 Ophioglossum . 13 Ophrys . (348) Opulaster . (127) Opuntia . 51 ORCHIDACEAE . 345 Orchis . (345,347,349) Origanum . 201 Ornithogalum . 341 Ornithopus . 147 OROBANCHACEAE . 217 Orobanche . (217) 218 Orontium . 274 Orthilia . 105 Orthocarpus . 214 Oryzopsis . 323 Osmorhiza . 178 Osmunda . 14 OSMUNDACEAE . 14 Osteospermum . (258) Ostrya . 50 OXALIDACEAE . 171 Oxalis . 171 Oxybaphus . (51) Oxycoccus . (107) Oxydendrum . 106 Oxypolis . 178 Pachysandra . 162 Paeonia . 74 PAEONIACEAE . 74 Panax . 174 Panicularia . (318) Panicum . 323 Papaver . 39 PAPAVERACEAE . 38 Pappophorum . 326 Papyrius . (42) Parietaria . 43 Parnassia . 116 Paronychia . 63 Parsonsia . (154) Parthenium . 257 Parthenocissus . 165 Pascopyrum . 326 Paspalum . 327 Pastinaca . 178 Paulownia . 219 PEDALIACEAE . 218 Pedicellaria . (90) 394 Pedicularis . 214 Pediomelum . (147) Pellaea . 15 Peltandra . 275 Pennisetum . (311) 327 Penstemon . 214 Pentaphylloides . (127) Penthorum . 114 Pentstemon . (214) Pepo . (86) Peramium . (347) Perilla . 202 Periploca . 184 Persea . Appendix Persicaria . (68) Perularia . (349) Petalostemon . (140) Petasites . 257 Petrorhagia . 63 Petroselinum . 178 Petunia . 185 Peucedanum . 178 Phaca . (138) Phacelia . 191 Phalaris . 327 Phamaceum . (51) Phaseolus . 147 Phegopteris . 16 Phellodendron . 170 Philadelphus . 112 Philotria . (268) Phleum . 327 Phlomis . 202 Phlox . 190 Phoradendron . 160 Photinia . 127 Phragmites . 328 Phryma . 195 PHRYMACEAE see VERBENACEAE Phyla . 195 Phyllitis . (17) Physalis . 185 Physalodes . (185) Physocarpus . 127 Physostegia . 202 Phytolacca . 50 PHYTOLACCACEAE . 50 Picea . 25 Picris . 258 Pilea . 44 Pimpinella . 178 PINACEAE . 24 Pinellia . 275 Pinguicula . 219 Pinus . 25 Piptochaetium . 328 Pistia . 274 Pisum . 147 Pityopsis . 258 PLANTAGINACEAE . 207 Plantago . 207 PLATANACEAE . 41 Platanthera . 349 Platanus . 41 Platycodon . 221 Pleopeltis . 22 Pleuropteris . (68) Pluchea . 258 PLUMBAGINACEAE . 74 Poa . 328 POACEAE . 304 Podophyllum . 38 PODOSTEMACEAE . 152 Podostemum . 152 Pogonia . (348,352) 351 Poinsettia . (163) Polanisia . 90 POLEMONIACEAE . 190 Polemonium . 191 Polycnemum . 55 Polycodium . (107) Polygala . 166 POLYGALACEAE . 166 POLYGONACEAE . 68 Polygonatum . 341 Polygonella . 68 Polygonum . 68 Polymnia . 258 POLYPODIACEAE . 22 Polypodium . (19,21,22) 23 395 Polypogon . 329 Polypremum . 208 Polystichum . 22 Pontederia . 336 PONTEDERIACEAE . 336 Populus . 87 Porteranthus . 127 Portulaca . 59 PORTULACACEAE . 58 Potamogeton . (269) 270 POTAMOGETONACEAE . 269 Potentilla . 127 Poterium . (135) Prenanthella . 258 Prenanthes . 259 Primula . Ill PRIMULACEAE . 109 Proboscidea . 218 Proserpinaca . 153 Prunella . 202 Prunus . 129 Psammogonum . (68) Psedera . (165) Pseudolycopodiella . (7) Pseudotsuga . 25 Psilocarya . (299) Psoralea . 147 Ptelea . 170 Pteretis . (21) PTERIDACEAE . 14 Pteridium . 16 Pteris . (16) 15 Pterospora . 106 Ptilimnium . 179 Puccinellia . 329 Pueraria . 147 Pulmonaria . 195 Pycnanthemum . 202 Pyracantha . 130 Pyrola . (105) 106 PYROLACEAE see ERICACEAE Pyrularia . . Pyrus . Pyxidanthera Quamoclit . . 160 (118,126,136) 130 . 109 . (188) Quercus . 46 Queria . (63) Radicula . (99) Raimannia . (157) RANUNCULACEAE . 30 Ranunculus . (32) 34 Raphanus . 99 Rapistrum . 99 Ratibida . 259 Razoumofskya . (160) Reseda . 101 RESEDACEAE . 101 Reynoutria . (68) RHAMNACEAE . 164 Rhamnus . 164 Rheum . 72 Rhexia . 158 Rhinanthus . 215 Rhodiola . (114) Rhododendron . 106 Rhodora . (106) Rhodotypos . 131 Rhus . 169 Rhynchospora . 299 Ribes . 113 Ricinus . 164 Robinia . 148 Rorippa . 99 Rosa . 131 ROSACEAE . 117 Rotala . 154 Roubieva . (53) Rubia . 225 RUBIACEAE . 222 Rubus . (124) 133 Rudbeckia . 260 Rumex . 72 Ruppia . 272 RUPPIACEAE . 272 Ruta . 170 RUTACEAE . 170 Ruyschiana . (198) Sabatia . 181 Sabulina . (62) Saccharum . 329 396 Sagina . 63 Sagittaria . 267 SALICACEAE . 87 Salicornia . 55 Salix . 87 Salsola . (55) 56 Salvia . 203 Salvinia . 23 SALVINIACEAE . 23 Sambucus . 226 Samolus . Ill Sanguinaria . 39 Sanguisorba . 135 Sanicula . 179 SANTALACEAE . 159 SAPINDACEAE . 167 Saponaria . (67) 64 Sarcocornia . (55) Sarothamnus . (140) Sarothra . (75) Sarracenia . 79 SARRACENIACEAE . 79 Sassafras . 28 Satureia . (204) Satureja . (196,197) 204 SAURURACEAE . 28 Saururus . 28 Savastana . (306) Saxifraga . 116 SAXIFRAGACEAE . 115 Scabiosa . (230) 229 Scheuchzeria . 269 SCHEUCHZERIACEAE . 269 Schizachne . 330 Schizachyrium . 330 Schizaea . 14 SCHIZAEACEAE . 14 Schizanthus . 186 Schizonotus . (136) Schizotheca . (52) Schoenoplectus . (300) Schwalbea . 215 Scilla . (339) 341 Scirpus . (296) 300 Scleranthus . 64 Scleria . 303 Sclerochloa . 330 Scleropoa . (311) Scolymus . 260 Scrophularia . 215 SCROPHULARIACEAE . 209 Scutellaria . 204 Secale . 335 Sedum . 114 Selaginella . 10 SELAGINELLACEAE . 10 Sempervivum . 114 Senecio . 260 Senna . 148 Serapias . (347) Sericocarpus . (233) Serratula . 261 Sesamum . 218 Sesban . (148) Sesbania . 148 Sesuvium . 51 Setaria . 330 Shepherdia . 152 Sherardia . 225 Sibbaldiopsis . (127) Sicyos . 86 Sida . (77) 78 Sidalcea . 79 Sideranthus . (256) Sieversia . (125) Silene . 64 Silphium . 261 Silybum . 261 SIMAROUBACEAE . 170 Sinapis . (93) 100 Sisymbrium . (96,97,99) 100 Sisyrinchium . 344 Sium . 179 Smallanthus . (258) SMILACACEAE . 344 Smilacina . (340) Smilax . 344 SOLANACEAE . 184 Solanum . 186 Solea . (81) 397 Solidago . . (247) 261 Sonchus . . 264 Sophia . . (96) Sophora . . (138) Sorbaria . . 136 Sorbus . . 136 Sorghastrum . . 331 Sorghum . . 331 SPARGANIACEAE . . . 335 Sparganium . . 335 Spartina . . 331 Spartium . . (140) Spathyema . . (274) Specularia . . (221) Spergula . . 65 Spergularia . . 66 Sphenopholis . . 331 Spinacea . . 56 Spiraea . . . . (127,136) 136 Spiranthes . . 351 Spirodela . . 276 Sporobolus . . (322) 332 Stachys . . 204 Staphylea . . 167 STAPHYLEACEAE . . . 167 Statice . . (74) Steironema . . (110) Stellaria . . (62,63) 66 Stenophyllus . . (281) Stephanomeria . . 264 STERCULIACEAE . . . 77 Stipa . . . . (323,328) 332 Streptopus . . 341 Strophostyles . . 148 Stylosanthes . . 149 STYRACACEAE .... . 109 Styrax . . 109 Suaeda . . 56 Subularia . . 101 Succisella . . 230 Svida . . (158) Swertia . . (180) Symphoricarpos . . 226 Symphotrichum . . (233) Symphytum . . 195 SYMPLOCACEAE . 109 Symplocarpus . 275 Symplocos . 109 Syndesmon . (36,37) Synosma . (239) Syntherisma . (313) Syringa . 209 Taeniatherum . 333 Taenidia . 179 Tagetes . (244) 264 Tanacetum . 264 Taraxacum . 265 TAXACEAE . 24 TAXODIACEAE . 26 Taxodium . 26 Taxus . 24 Tecoma . (218) Teesdalia . 101 Tephrosia . 149 Tetragonia . 51 Teiicrium . 205 Thalesia . (218) Thalictrum . 36 Thaspium . 179 THELYPTERIDACEAE . 16 Thelypteris . (19) 16 Thermopsis . 149 Thesium . (159) Thladiantha . 86 Thlaspi . (94,98) 101 Thuja . 26 THYMELIACEAE . 155 Thymus . 205 Tiarella . 117 Tilia . 76 TILIACEAE . 76 Tillaea . (114) Tillaeastrum . (114) Tiniaria . (68) Tipularia . 352 Tissa . (66) Tithymalus . (163) Tofieldia . 342 Torilis . 179 Torresia . (306) 398 Torreyochloa . 333 Tovara . (68) Toxicodendron . 169 Toxylon . (43) Trachysperma . (190) Tradescantia . 276 Tragopogon . 265 Tragus . 333 Trapa . 155 TRAP ACE AE . 155 Triadenum . 76 Trianthella . (342) Tribulus . 171 Trichelostylis . (298) Trichloris . (311) Trichomanes . 15 Trichophorum . (303) Trichostema . 206 Tridens . 333 Trientalis . 112 Trifolium . (146) 149 Triglochin . 269 Trigonella . (146) 150 Trillium . 342 Triodanis . 221 Triodia . (333) Trionum . (78) Triosteum . 226 Triphora . 352 Triplasis . 333 Tripsacum . 333 Trisetum . (332) 334 Triticum . 334 Trollius . 37 Tsuga . 25 Tulotis . (349) Tunica . (63) Tussilago . 265 Typha . 335 TYPEIACEAE . 335 Ulex . 150 ULMACEAE . 41 Ulmus . 42 UMBELLIFERAE see APIACEAE Unifolium . (340) Uniola . (311) Urtica . (43) 44 URTICACEAE . 43 Urticastrum . (43) Utricularia . 219 Uva-ursi . (102) Uvularia . 342 Vaccaria . 67 Vaccinium . (103) 107 Vagnera . (340) Vahlodea . (313) Valeriana . 228 VALERIANACEAE . 228 Valerianella . 229 Vallisneria . 269 Ventenata . 334 Veratrum . (340) 343 Verbascum . 215 Verbena . 195 VERBENACEAE . 195 Verbesina . (245) 265 Vemonia . 265 Veronica . 216 Veronicastrum . 217 Viburnum . 227 Vicia . 150 Vigna . 151 Viguiera . (251) Villarsia . (190) Vinca . 182 Vincetoxicum . (183) Viola . 81 VIOLACEAE . 81 Viorna . (32) Virea . (254) Virgulus . (233) VISCACEAE . 160 VITACEAE . 164 Vitis . 165 Vittaria . 15 VITTARIACEAE . 15 Vulpia . 334 Vulvaria . (53) Waldsteinia . 137 Wallia . (45) 399 Warnera . (34) Washingtonia . (178) Weigela . 228 Weigelia . (228) Wisteria . 151 Wolffia . 275 Woodsia . 22 Woodwardia . 17 Xanthium . 266 Xanthorhiza . 37 Xanthoxalis . (171) Xanthoxylum . (171) Xolisma . (105) XYRIDACEAE (Xyris) . 275 Yucca . 344 Zannichellia . 273 ZANNICHELLIACEAE . 273 Zanthoxylum . 171 Zea . 334 Zigadenus . 343 Zizania . 335 Zizia . 179 Zostera . 273 ZOSTERACEAE . 273 Zosterella . (336) ZYGOPHYLLACEAE . 171 Zygophyllum . 171 400 I I ( I i i i 1 i' » V I k i ; I I I I i i . i < i i i i 1; i- I I . it I New York Botanical Garden Libran 3 5 85 0021 2 8302 ISSN: 0278-3355 ISBN: 1-55557-205-7 6-053378