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REVISION

OF

THE CICINDELA OF THE UNITED STATES.

[EXTRACTED FROM THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY.—VOL. XI.—READ
FEBRUARY 1st, 1856.]

The genus Cicindela, a favourite with all entomologists, contains a very large number of
species which are mostly distinguished by brilliant colours, and conspicuous markings.
Although easily recognised by direct comparison, the structure of these numerous species
is varied upon such uniform types, that much difficulty is found in identifying an un-
known one by description, and the descriptions given by authors are frequently either
obscure from their brevity, or tedious from their length. This necessarily results from
the want of success in dividing the genus into small groups defined by easily recognised
characters ; and it is much to be regretted that some of the entomologists of Europe, with
large collections at hand, have not made an effort to produce a monograph of this beauti-
ful genus.

The species found in the United States have been increased since the publication of Say’s
monograph, in the first volume of this work, from 13 to 65; the descriptions of these
have become so scattered as to be rather troublesome to the student, and as I have fortu-
nately obtained specimens of all those previously described, excepting three made known
by Say after the publication of the monograph mentioned, it appeared to me to be a work
not altogether without profit to science, to attempt to bring together such notes upon
these species as would enable subsequent investigations to be carried on with less labour
than has been previously required.

Before proceeding to the description of the species, | have attempted to group them
in such manner as to divide the characters common to several, from those which are
peculiar and diagnostic, and I have presented the result in a synoptic table. In making

28 REVISION OF THE CICINDELZ OF THE UNITED STATES.

these comparisons I have availed myself of the copious collection of foreign species be-
longing to the Academy of Natural Sciences, and but recently presented to that institution
by Mr. John A. Guex. As many groups of foreign species are not represented in our fau-
na, I have indicated such as could be conveniently placed in the table following; these
are marked by brackets, and I have also occasionally added the name of a foreign species;
also within brackets, where the American representatives of the group were not likely to
be extensively known. The table thus has assumed the form of a general, but very im-
perfect, arrangement of the contents of the genus.

While examining the foreign species, my attention was directed to the impossibility of
reconciling the system of marking of the East Indian C. 4-lineata Fabr. with that seen in
any of the groups of genuine Cicindele ; but on closer inspection I found that accom-
panying the two yellow stripes on each elytron, was a remarkable character that seems
to have escaped previous observers. It is the presence of a longitudinal dorsal suture
each side of the thorax: the pronotum, or tergum, is in fact narrowed, while the mass
of the prothorax is subjected to no diminution; the lateral sutures separating the pro-
notum from the lateral pieces of the prothorax, which in all other species are seen on
the under surface, in this instance become dorsal. This peculiarity seems to necessitate
the formation of a new genus, for which the name Hypetha may be adopted.

The system of colouration is called normal in the following pages when the under sur-
face and legs are of a more or less metallic colour; the abnormal variations are few, and
consist in the abdomen being red, or the legs in part or in whole pale or red, without me-
tallic lustre.

The spots of the elytra are normal, when they are of the following type, more or less
reduced by deficiency ; a humeral narrow curved spot, called lunule; a middle band more
or less bent, and descending internally; and an apical curved line usually bent inwards
at its anterior part: these spots are sometimes confluent on the margin, and sometimes
separate: they are sometimes entire, and sometimes interrupted, and occasionally reduced
to merely marginal spots.

Abnormal variations occur; 1, by additional spots at the base or near the suture
(groups XI., Xi., x1.;) 2, by the deficiency of the terminal part of the apical lunule, while
its anterior part is well marked, (groups 1., 1II., Xvu.;) 3, by the inner portion of the middle
band being lost, while the external marks become confluent, forming a broad white mar-
gin, only slightly lobed internally (groups Xx., XXr., XxII.:) 4, by the marks being removed
more or less from the margin of the elytron (group X.; and still more in XXIII.)

The form is called normal when the humeral angles are distinct, and the elytra mode-
rately convex and oval, when the head and eyes are moderately large, but not excessive,
and when the thorax is quadrate, trapezoidal, or subcylindrical, with well-marked impres-

REVISION OF THE CICINDEL© OF THE UNITED STATES. 29

sions. Abnormal variations occur by the elytra becoming narrowed anteriorly, without
humeral angles, (group xx1v.;) by the thorax being narrow and cylindrical, with only
faint impressions (group XXIv.;) by the eyes being excessively large, (groups XI., XIL.,

XIII, XIX., XXI., XXII, XXIv.;) and by the elytra being subcylindrical, instead of mode-
rately convex and oval, (groups XII., XXI., XXII., XXIII.)

A. Abnormal cylindrical Cicindels, with sericeous surface, and with the labrum variegated or black, frequently
5-toothed, with prominent-exterior angles; the elytra are marked with narrow vitte, and small sutural dots, or
else with normal spots, the apical portion of the apical lunule being always wanting. The head is large, with
moderate, but occasionally prominent eyes. The palpi are pale with dark tips. The legs and abdomen are always
of the colour of the body, which is not very pubescent. The tarsi are glabrous above, and the anterior of the
male are moderately dilated. (All foreign.)

a. Hlytra with vittiform markings, and subsutural dots. C. lugubris, fatidica, Xe.
b. Elytra with marginal spots, and frequently with slightly bent medial band. C. chinensis, &e.

B. Normal, frequently flattened, Cicindele, with the labrum frequently large; sub-5-dentate in some species,
(of the first group,) with the outer angles not prominent; usually white, rarely black, usually tridentate, but some-
times only unidentate. Front broad, eyes moderate, sometimes prominent. Elytra usually sericeous, rarely po-
lished, sometimes punctured; apical spot usually wanting; tips never serrate; sutural spine completely wanting.
Thorax flattened, almost margined, narrowed behind. Under surface normal in colour; legs never very long.
Tarsi of male more broadly dilated than usual.

I. Surface sericeous, elytra only punctured towards the base, (spots usually wanting.) Sp. 1-8. C. prasina,
obsoleta, vulturina.
II. Front flat, labrum tridentate. Elytra foveate and punctured. Sp. 4. C. unipunctata.

III. Front excavated, labrum unidentate. Elytra foveate and punctured. Sp. 5. C. longilabris.

IV. Labrum very short, tridentate; elytra with shallow punctures and subsutural fovex; thorax hardly ru-

gous. Sp. 6-10. C. pulchra, Lecontei, rugifrons, scutellaris, nigroccerulea.

(Here comes in a group of elongate species of normal form, but with very large head, small eyes, and long,

trapezoidal, somewhat flattened thorax: e.g., C. luctuosa Dej.)

C. Normal, usually convex Cicindelze, with the labrum white, tridentate or unidentate, with the outer angles
not prominent, and only moderate in size. Front broad, eyes prominent, but moderate in size. Elytra punctured,
sometimes granulate, rarely polished; sutural spine distinct; tips alike in both sexes, usually serrate, but some-
times smooth; elytra with normal markings, the apical portion of the posterior lunule never wanting, unless the
whole lunule is wanting. Under surface and legs normal in colour, the latter never very long. 'Tarsi of males
rather broadly dilated. Thorax trapezoidal or quadrate, never cylindrical; posterior angles usually a little elevated.

V. Thorax convex, rugous; front glabrous; elytra finely serrulate, punctured. Body only slightly hairy be-
neath. Palpi of both sexes black.
a. Labrum tridentate. Sp. 11, 12. C. sexguttata, patruela.
8. Labrum unidentate. C. tricolor. ?
Vi. Thorax short, flat, trapezoidal, rugous; front hairy; elytra with elevated punctures, not serrate; humeral
lunule interrupted; palpi of both sexes black.
ty. Elytra equably punctured. C. campestris, desertorum, Kc. }
6. Elytra less punctured towards the margin. Sp. 13, 14. C. splendida, purpurea.

30 REVISION OF THE CICINDELA OF THE UNITED STATES.

Thorax rugous and granulate, usually convex; elytra punctured obsoletely serrate; humeral lunule pro-
longed.
{T’ront glabrous. C. distans, Zwickii. .
VIL. Front, thorax and body very hairy. Sp. 15-21. C. Ancocisconenis, venusta, gencrosa, formosa, latesig-
nata, vulgaris, fulgida.

VIII. Thorax rugous and granulate, usually short or quadrate, flattened; elytra punctured, with elevated
granules intermixed, distinctly serrate. Sp. 22-26. C. oregona, guttifera, 12-guttata, baltimorensis,
hirticollis.

IX. Thorax sub-eylindrical, hardly granulate, finely rugous; elytra punctured, serrate. Sp.27. C. tenui-
_ signata, { dignoscenda. }
X. Head and thorax finely granulate, the former with curved striz on the vertex; elytra punctured, not
serrate, marks remote from the margin. Sp. 28-31. C. imperfecta, pusilla, circumcincta, cyanella.
D. An entirely anomalous group, with large prominent eyes; the thorax is quadrate or sub-cylindrical, (wider pos-
teriorly in some females;) the posterior impression is deeper externally, but does not reach the sides of the thorax;
posterior angles elevated, sometimes prolonged; elytra sometimes white, usually with white basal spots, (except in
C. sperata;) legs very long, with the claws larger than usual; body beneath normal in colour; trochanters in many
of the native species red.
fa. Front slightly pubescent; thorax with posterior angles prolonged. _C. capensis. }
XI. gs. Front glabrous, elytra white, trochanters purple.
{Right mandible of male not toothed inferiorly. C. nivea. }
Right mandible of male with an inferior tooth near the tip. Sp. 52-34. C. dorsalis, media, Sauleyi.
XII. y. Front pubescent, (body cylindrical,) trochanters red.
Right mandible of male with inferior tooth. Sp. 35, 36. C. lacerata and marginata.
Right mandible of male not toothed inferiorly. Sp. 87-40. C. cuprascens, blanda, macra, sperata.
id. Front with a few hairs behind the eyes, trochanters purple. C. Candei, &e. ?
XI. E. A broad, flattened species, having the elytra white, even to the suture; head densely pubescent; eyes
very large; thorax cylindrical; legs pale. Sp. 41. C. lepida.
F. Species of regular form and normal colouring, with the head and thorax finely granulate, the elytra punc-
tured, with a subsutural row of fovez, finely serrate; thorax sub-cylindrical, narrowed behind; labrum unidentate.

XIV. Middle band tortuous. Sp. 42-45. C. ascendens, serpens, sigmoidea, tortuosa.

XV. Middle band interrupted, (rectangularly bent.) Sp. 46. C. punctulata.

XVI. Spots wanting; head and thorax hardly granulate. Sp. 47. C. corvina.

G. Species of regular form, with sericeous surface; thorax quadrate or sub-cylindrical, not rugous or granulate;
eyes moderate or large, but never excessive in size; elytra serrate.
XVII. Apical part of terminal lunule wanting. Sp. 48. C. decostigma.
XVII. Terminal lunule complete, abdomen red. Sp. 49-53. C. hemorrhagica, Hentzii, 16-punctata, rufi-
ventris, cumatilis.
XIX. H. A small black species with red abdomen, and edentate rounded labrum; eyes very large. Sp. 54.
C. abdominalis.
XX. I. An elongate species of obscure colour, with moderate eyes; thorax cylindrical; elytra not serrate
margined with white; abdomen with the sides and tip red. Sp. 55. ©. marginipennis.
K Cylindrical species with the eyes very large ; the elytra punctured and finely serrate; legs and abdomen nor-
al in colour; anug usually pale.

REVISION OF THE CICINDELZ OF THE UNITED STATES. 31

XXI. Abdomen glabrous in the middle.
a. Head strongly striate, glabrous; elytral spots marginal. Sp. 56. C. severa,
&. Head finely striate, glabrous; elytra with white margin. Sp. 57, 58. C. circumpicta,
pretextata, { Ruppellii, boops, and biramosa. }
y- Head pubescent; elytra with very broad white margin. Sp. 59. C. togata.
XXII. Abdomen entirely pubescent. Sp. 60. C. gratiosa.
XXII. L. A cylindrical species with red legs and strongly punctured elytra, marked with a discoidal vitta.
Sp. 61. C. lemniscata.
M. Small species having the eyes very large, the thorax cylindrical and elongate, and the elytra narrowed in
front, without humeral angles; wings imperfect.
fa. Hlytra glabrous. C. dromicoides. }
XXIV. 3s. Elytra sparsely pubescent. Sp. 62, 63. C. celeripes, cursitans.

GROUP I,

This group contains species of an elongate not convex form, and dull sericeous black or
green colour. The labrum is moderately large, with five anterior teeth, in the males
the exterior one of these teeth each side is reduced to a slight sinuosity so that the la-
brum appears tridentate; the lateral angles are rounded. The palpi of the female are
usually entirely black; the labial palpi of the male are pale, with the last joint black.
The front is rather flat, glabrous, with only a few very fine strie each side. The tho-
rax is trapezoidal, not very convex, with the transverse impressions well defined. The
elytra are slightly convex, indistinctly punctured except at the base, where the punctures
are large and scattered: the apex is not serrate, broadly and conjointly rounded in both
sexes, sutural spine very small: the usual white spots are very small or entirely wanting ;
the pattern, when most complete, is a humeral spot, an obtusely bent medial band, and
an apicallunule. The legs, under part of the thorax, pleurx, and sides of the abdomen
are clothed not densely with white hair; a few hairs are also seen above on each side of
the thorax. The three joints of the anterior tarsi of the male are equal in width, and
moderately dilated.

1. C. prasina, obscure nigro-prasina, sericea, thorace trapezoideo, latitudine sesqui breviore, planiusculo, lateribus
parum rotundatis parce pilosis, angulis posticis rotundatis prominulis, subtus nigro-viridis, thoracis pleuris abdomi-
nisque lateribus modice albo-pilosis; labro albo, breviusculo, antice haud rotundato, breviter tridentato. Long. -77.

C. obsoleta { var. Lec. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 4,178.

One male found by me on the Arkansas River below Bent’s Fort. Closely allied to
the next, and not differing in sculpture; the form of the thorax is however so different,
that it cannot be considered as a variety: the posterior angles are in the same manner
rounded, and separated from the base by a slight margin, which causes them to appear
prominent: the labrum is shorter, and the elytra wider than in C. obsoleta.

9)

os REVISION OF THE CICINDELZ OF THE UNITED STATES.

2. C. obsoleta, nigra, sericea, thorace subquadrato, latitudine vix breviore, planiusculo, lateribus fere rectis parce
pilosis, angulis posticis rotundatis prominulis, subtus nigra, lateribus albo-pilosis; elytris puncto albo marginali sae-
pius obsoleto ad medium notatis; labro albo, antice subrotundato, 5-dentato, (dentibus externis maris fere obsoletis. )
Long. -68—-80.

Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. 3143. Lee. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 4,178, tab. 13, fig. 4.

Abundant on the arid table lands east of the Rocky Mountains, about the upper parts
of the Platte and Arkansas Rivers. Flight active and vigorous.

3. ©. vulturina, nigra, sericea, thorace trapezoideo, latitudine vix breviore, paulo convexo, lateribus modice ro-
tundatis parce pilosis, angulis posticis haud prominulis; elytris gutta humerali, fascia angusta obtuse angulata ad
medium lunulaque apicali albis, spe obsoletis; subtus cyanea lateribus albo-pilosis; labro antice infuscato rotun-
dato, (feminze) sub-5-dentato. Long. -61—-67.

Lee. Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 6, 489.

Eagle Pass, Rio Grande, Texas: collected by Mr. Schott of the Boundary Commission.
Nearly related to the preceding, but the thorax is more convex, and more rounded on the
sides, and the posterior angles fall into the base instead of being prominent. The middle
band of the elytra is about as sinuous as in the well known C. limbalis, (a race of C.
splendida) but is narrower and frequently obsolete.

GROUP IL.

The group contains one species of a somewhat flattened form, and dull brownish colour,
above almost without metallic reflections. The labrum is large, prominent in the mid-
dle, with three distinct teeth; the outer angles are very obtuse. The palpi of both sexes
are entirely black. The front is flattened, finely wrinkled, and striate towards the eyes,
entirely bald; the surface of the head and thorax is distinctly granulate. Thorax flat-
tened, trapezoidal. Elytra not serrate at tips, which are separately acutely rounded,
without any sutural spine: the punctures are large and shallow, the markings marginal,
frequently wanting. Body beneath glabrous. Eyes rather small, but prominent. -

4. C. unipunctata, zneo-fusca, opaca, sericea, labro albo tridentato, fronte tota striolata, thorace trapezoideo
planiusculo, latitudine haud breviore, confertim rugoso ad latera vix rotundata parce albo-piloso; elytris pone hu-
meros latioribus, distinctius marginatis planiusculis, equaliter punctatis foveisque sparsis preecipue versus suturam
notatis, punctis omnibus cyaneis, apice singulatim rotundatis, macula marginali intus obsolete prolongata ad me-
dium alba; subtus nigro-purpurea glabra. Long -58—-68.

Fabr. Ent. Syst. 1,174; Syst. El. 1,288. Oliv. 83, No. 22; tab. 3,27. Herbst, Kafer, 10, 190; tab. 173, 1:
Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 1, 412; tab. 13, fig. 3.

Pennsylvania, Missouri, Georgia; found in paths in shady, hilly woods in May or June,
according to the latitude of the locality: the merit of discovering a locality in the imme-
diate neighbourhood of Philadelphia is due to Mr. Schafhirt. Varieties are mentioned

by Mr. Say in which there is a supplemental spot half way between the medial one and

REVISION OF THE CICINDEL@ OF THE UNITED STATES. 33

the apex; such have not occurred to me; immaculate varieties are mentioned, but they

are only greasy specimens, in which vestiges of the spot can always be traced.

GROUP Il.

Species having the upper surface sericeous, the body rather flattened, and the thorax
trapezoidal, usually short, and almost margined. The head is glabrous, the vertex is
broadly excavated, the front is suddenly declivous anteriorly, and finely striate. The la-
brum is large, prominent, sometimes black (in foreign species,) and one-toothed. The
markings of the elytra are variable, but the terminal part of the apical lunule is always
wanting, the apex is not serrate and but slightly separately rounded. The palpi are black
in both sexes: the second and third joints of the anterior tarsi of the male are slightly
oblique. The body is hairy beneath on the sides; in other respects this group agrees with
the preceding.

The species, which with one exception are foreign, may be divided as follows:

Labrum black, carinated, elytra punctured and foveate. C. fasciato-punctata, &e.
Labrum white, subcarinate.
Black, elytra more densely punctured, hardly margined. C. longilabris.
Green, elytra flattened, margined. C. ismenia, rotundicollis.

5. C. longilabris, purpureo-nigra, supra zeneo tincta, labro albo magno, antice rotundato, obtuse dentato, lateri-
bus sinuato, thorace latitudine fere duplo breviore, trapezoideo, confertim rugoso, impressionibus profundis, elytris
confertim minus profunde punctatis versus suturam vage seriatim foveatis, gutta humerali, altera ad quadrantem,
fascia media sinuata obtuse deflexa, guttaque ad dodrantem albis; subtus cyanea, lateribus parce albo-pilosis. Long.
5d— 64.

Variat elytrorum maculis plus minusve deficientibus.

a, Supra, nigra immaculata, (thorace postice minus angustato.)

Say, Long’s Expedition to St. Peter’s River, 2, 268. Lec. Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. 4, 178.

C. albilabris Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 4, 12; tab. 1, fig. 1.

New Hampshire, Canada, Mackinaw, Lake Superior; inhabits paths through grassy
and bushy places, and takes refuge in the herbage when disturbed. The form («) is a
female from the North shore of Lake Superior, of a pure black colour above, and broader
form than usual; the thorax is less narrowed posteriorly.

GROUP Iv.

Robust species with convex elytra and thorax, the latter (not much wider than its
length, rounded on the sides, hardly rugose, not granulate; front deeply striate sparsely
setose, or sparsely finely striate and glabrous. Labrum short, 3-toothed. Palpi of both
sexes entirely black. Elytra indistinctly punctured, with a row of small shallow fovess
near the suture, conjointly broadly rounded at tip, not serrate, spots always marginal,

usually small and disconnected, (except in some varicties of C, Lecontei,) and frequently
VOL. XI.—5

34 REVISION OF THE CICINDELA OF THE UNITED STATES.

wanting. Pectus and legs sparsely clothed with white erect hairs: outer side of middle
tibiee densely pubescent. 'Tarsi of male moderately broad.

Species of sandy and bushy places, of active and vigorous flight, appearing only when
the sun is shining.

C. pulchra seems related to C. severa, but that species is elongate and has the base
of the palpi pale: the tips of the elytra are in it finely serrate and somewhat obliquely nar-
rowed, the body is much more hairy beneath; and finally the middle tooth of the mandi-
bles is smaller than the others, while in C. pulchra as in the others.of this group they are
nearly equal in size.

The species, which so far as known to me are North American, may be divided as

follows.
Front hairy, elytra polished, margin of a different colour. Sp. 6.

Front hairy, elytra not polished. Sp. 7-9.
Front glabrous, finely striate each side; elytra not polished. Sp. 10.

6. C. pulchra, capite purpureo cupreoque variegato, fronte punctata pilosa utrinque parce striata, thorace con-
vexo cupreo levigato, marginibus omnibus cyaneis, elytris cupreis politis antice punctatis, sutura margineque cya-
neis, gutta humerali, alteraque submarginali ad medium albis, seepe deficientibus; subtus cyanea, vel viridis, lateri-
bus longe albo-pilosis. Long. -73.

Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3,142: Dej. Sp. Gen. 2,421: Lee. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 4,175: tab. 18, fig. 1.

Found on the arid table lands adjacent to the Rocky Mountains from the Platte River
to the Rio Grande. A species of strong and vigcrous flight, not common and very diffi-
cult to capture.

7. O. Lecontei, supra cupreo-purpurea, haud nitida, fronte fortiter striata parce punctata et pilosa, thorace convexo,
yage at distincte rugoso, elytris brevibus convexis obsolete punctatis versus suturam seriatim vage foveatis, maculis
marginalibus seepe coherentibus albis, subtus obscure cyanea ad latera pilosa; labro sexus utriusque albo tridentato.
Long. °5.

Haldeman, Proceedings of the Academy of Nat. Se. of Philad. 6, 361.

Wisconsin, near Green Bay, Mr. Guex: near Racine, Messrs. Hoy and Barry; Fort
Gratiot, Dr. Kirtland. Very closely allied to the next, and not differing in form, in any
respect: the labrum is however white in both sexes, and the thorax is sparsely but dis-
tinetly rugous. The humeral lunule is frequently entire, the medial spot is triangular
and large, very often connected with the humeral and apical lunules: the latter recedes
anteriorly from the margin, and is prolonged forwards. Sometimes the humeral lunule
is reduced to a post humeral marginal dot. Varieties will doubtless occur in which the
spots are small, or even entirely wanting.

8. C. rugifrons, cyaneo-viridis vel nigra, fronte fortiter striata parce punctata et pilosa, thorace convexo, haud
vel vix rugoso, elytris brevibus convexis obsolete punctatis, versus suturam seriatim obsolete foyeatis, gutta post-
humerali, macula triangulari media, lunulaque apicali seepe cohewrentibus, swpe autem deficientibus albis; subtus
ad latera pilosa; labro tridentato maris albo, feming nigro-piceo. Long. -4d—’6.

the
-

REVISION OF THE CICINDELZ OF THE UNITED STATES. 35

Dej. Sp. Gen. 1, 51; 5, 209: Gould, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 1, 46.

C. denticulata Hentz, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 3, 254, tab. 2, fig. 1: Harris, New Engl. Farmer, 7, 90.

C. obscura || Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 1, 418, (nec Fabr.) (gens nigra.)

C. modesta Dej. Sp. Gen. 1, 52: Lec. Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. 4, 175, (gens nigra.)

a. Elytris brevioribus et paulo convexioribus, preecipue immaculatis, vel lunula apicali obsoleta notatis.

C. unicolor De}. Sp. Gen. 1, 52: 5, 210. 4

Found in sandy places, in various parts of the Eastern, Middle and Southern States.
The black race does not occur at the same localities with the green one, but on close
comparison, nothing of specific character can be found to separate them. The form a is
found in Georgia, Alabama and Florida, and is usually of a more obscure green than the
type.

9. C. scutellaris, viridi-cyanea, capite thoraceque haud nitidis, fronte fortiter striata, parce punctata et pilosa,
thorace conyexo, confertim subtiliter rugoso, elytris flavescente-cupreis versus scutellum virescentibus, haud nitidis,
brevibus convexis obsolete punctatis, versus suturam obsolete foveatis, puncto marginali ad medium lunulaque apicali
seepissime deficientibus albis: subtus ad latera pilosa; labro tridentato, maris albo, feminz piceo. Long. -45.

Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 140: Lec. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 4, 176; tab. 13, fig. 2.

Valley of Platte River, on sand hills in June; not abundant. The colour of the head
and thorax varies from full green to blue: the sides of the latter are less rounded in the
male than in the female. The colour of the elytra also varies from coppery to brassy.

10. C. nigrocerulea, nigro-purpurascens, sericeo-micans, fronte glabra subtiliter rugosa, utrinque striata, tho-
race modice convexo, latitudine breviore, parce rugoso ad latera pilis parcis depressis albis, elytris minus convexis obso-
lete punctatis, versus suturam seriatim foveis cyaneis impressis, lunula apicali obsoleta alba; subtus ad latera parce

haud erecte albo-pilosa; labro sexus utriusque albo, maris obsolete, femine distincte tridentato; palpis labialibus
maris basi pallidis. Long. -5—-657.

Leconte, Annals of the Lyc. of Nat. Hist. of New York, 4, 181, tab. 14, fig. 9.

One pair found near Bent’s Fort on the Arkansas River. The elytra of this species
are more elongated than in the others of this group, and the sexual characters are differ-
ent; yet by the indistinct punctures of the elytra, as well as by the absence of serrature

and sutural spine, it seems to be here properly appended. It is a stouter species than C.
punctulata, which it at first sight seems to resemble.

GROUP V.

Labrum moderate, advanced in the middle, strongly tridentate. Head and thorax
glabrous, finely rugose, the former finely striate between the eyes, the latter convex and
strongly impressed. Palpi entirely black. Elytra strongly punctured, broadly rounded,
and but very obsoletely serrate ‘at tip, sutural spine distinct: spots small, the anterior
ones in one species hardly ever visible. Body beneath very sparsely pilose.

Differs from the next group by the bald front, and slightly serrate tips of the elytra.

36 REVISION OF THE CICINDELZ OF THE UNITED STATES.

11. C. 6-guttata, viridis, vel cyanea haud nitida, fronte striata glabra, postice rugosa, thorace latitudine breviore,
convexo postice angustato, minus subtiliter rugoso, elytris valde punctatis, gutta ad medium (seepe intus paulo
oblique prolongata) lunulaque apicali interrupta albis, maculis his seepe deficientibus; subtus vix parce albo-pilosa;
labro sexus utriusque albo, medio paulo porreeto, fortiter tridentato. Long. -4—-53.

Fabr. Ent. Syst. 1, 176; Syst. El. 1, 241: Oliv. 38, No. 27; tab. 2,21: Herbst, Archiv. tab. 27, 17; Kafer,
10, 171, tab. 171, 6: Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 1,414; table 13, fig. 4: Dej. Sp. Gen. 1,53: Gould, Boston
Journ. Nat. Hist. 1, 45.

Var. C. violacea Vabr. Syst. El. 1, 282: Herbst, 10, 198.

Newfoundland, Pennsylvania, Louisiana, Wisconsin, and Nebraska. Lives usually in
roads running through shady places, and is easily captured. Exhales a fragrant odour.
Nearly related to the Siberian C. coerulea.

12. C. patruela, viridis, olivaceo-brunnea, vel cyaneo-nigra, haud nitida, fronte subtilius striata glabra, capite
postice rugoso, thorace latitudine breviore convexo, postice angustato, dense rugoso, elytris punctatis, subgranulatis,
lunula humerali apicalique interruptis, fascia media obliqua vix sinuata albis; subtus lateribus parce albo-pilosis;
labro sexus utriusque albo, medio paulo porrecto, tridentato. Long. -5—:58.

Dej. Sp. Gen. 1, 62: Gould, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 1, 44; tab. 8, fig. 4: Lee. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 4, 178.

C. consentanea Dej. Sp. Gen. 1, 63. (var. obscurior.)

Middle States, in shady paths on hills. The middle band consists of a large lateral
triangular spot connected with a small discoidal one, by a slightly oblique narrow line.

GROUP VI.

This group contains closely allied, and in fact undistinguishable species, having the la-
brum moderate, slightly advanced and 3-dentate in the middle: palpi black in both sexes:
eyes moderate, not prominent: head and thorax granulate and rugose, the front striate
and pilose with erect hair; the latter not very convex, obliquely narrowed behind,
with the impressions very deep. Elytra moderately punctured, punctures almost always
elevated, broadly rounded and not serrate at the tips; spots always disconnected, ante-
rior ones frequently wanting; under surface with long white hair, which is sparse on the
abdomen, but more dense on the breast. Legs not elongated, hairy; tarsi of the male
with moderately dilated joints.

The foreign species of this group (C. campestris &e.) have the elytra equably pune-
tured, while in ours the punctures near the lateral margin are less distinct.

13. C. splendida, supra yaricolor, thorace marginibus viridibus, capite discoque seepius cupreis valde rugosis,
elytris elevato-punctatis sutura seepissime viridi, puncto humerali, altera posthumerali seepe deficiente, fascia sinuata
perpendiculariter oriente, gutta anteapicali, lunulaque terminali albis, margine late yiridi vel cyaneo, minus dis-
tincte punctato. Long. -4—-56.

a. Brevior, supra purpurea, thorace latcribus magis rotundatis, elytris antrorsam panlo angustatis, convexioribus,
fascia media completa, guttis marginalibus sepe obsoletis; subtus cyanea.

C. limbalis yar. Lec. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 4, 177.

REVISION OF THE CICINDELA OF THE UNITED STATES. 37

g. Longior, preecipue cuprea, thorace lateribus parum rotundatis, elytris planioribus antrorsum haud angustatis

maculis completis.
a. Nigra. . spreta Lec, Ann. Lye. 4, 177; tab. 13, fig. 7.

Cuprea. ($ 9) ©. limbalis Klug. Jahrb. Ent. 1,29. C. marginalis var. Dej. Sp. Gen. 5, 210.
. Cuprea, fascia media introrsum attenuata, puncto humerali deficiente.( 2 )
Cuprea, fascia media extrorsum subobliqua.( @ )
Lzete cuprea, fascia media minus subito sinuata.( 9) C. amana Lee. Ann. Lye. 4, 17%; tab. 18, f. 3.
Capite thoraceque totis viridibus.( % )

Fa Ome aS:

g. Cuprea, elytris fascia media intus abbreviata, guttis marginalibus minutis.

y. Latior, praecipue leete cuprea, capite thoraceque viridibus, elytris planioribus guttis marginalibus nullis, fascia,
media intus valde abbreviata, lunula apicali parva.

a. Capite thorace elytrisque margine latiore viridibus. C. splendida Hentz, Trans. Am. Phil. Soe. 3,
254; tab. 2, fig. 3: Lec. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 4,176. C. sexguttata var. Fabr. Syst. El. 1, 241.

b. Capitis thoracisque disco eupreo. (9) C. splendida var. Klug, Jahrb. 1, 28.

¢e. Purpureo-cyanea, elytrorum disco obscure viridi.( Q )

Extensively diffused, yet not with the races intermingled: the localities of the specimens
observed are as follows: a. New York and New Jersey, on wooded hills: G—a. Eastport,
Maine, Dr. Harris: G—b. Rockport, Ohio, and Fort Gratiot, Dr. Kirtland, also in Mis-
souri, Dr. Hoy; G—y. New York; y—a and b. Southern and Western states; y—c. Ar-
kansas, Dr. Schaum. Very closely allied to the next, and in fact the only difference that
can be perceived is the direction of the origin of the middle band which is perpendicular
in the present, and oblique in the next: yet the specimen 8—d would invalidate even
this character. The head and thorax of the next are proportionally a little larger, and
the thorax seems more narrowed behind, and less tubulated in front by the anterior
constriction, but these differences are not very obvious.

14. C. purpurea, supra varicolor, thorace marginibus (exemplis nigris exceptis) viridibus, capiteque disco se-
pius purpureo-cupreis, valde rugosis, elytris elevato-punctatis, sutura seepissime virescente, fascia paulo sinuata sub-
obliqua ad medium, lunulaque apicali seepius interrupta albis, limbo laterali (exemplis nigris exceptis) late viridi
minus distincte punctato, margine extimo euprascente. Long. -5—6.

a. Capite thoracis elytrorumque disco purpureo-cupreis. C. purpurea Oliv. Ins. 33, No. 11, tab. 8,
fig. 34: Herbst, Kafer, 10, 195; tab. 173, fig. 7: Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soe. 1, 419, tab. 18,
fig. 8: Gould, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 1, 44. C. marginalis Fabr. Syst. El. 1, 240: Herbst,
Kafer, 10, 175; tab. 171, 10: Dej. Sp. Gen. 1, 55; 5, 210.

b. Capite thoracisque disco eneo-cupreis, elytris olivaceis.

c. Nigra, labro maculisque solitis albis. C. Audubonii Lec. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 5, 207; tab.
18, fig. 7; Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 4, 176.

Variety a. is extensively diffused through the middle and Western States: varieties b.
and c. occur only at the West. I have them from Lake Superior, Wisconsin, and Ne-
braska: in the last mentioned region the type did not occur. A specimen with dull green

elytra and coppery reflections, which seems intermediate between a and b, occurred at
New York.

38 REVISION OF THE CICINDELA OF THE UNITED STATES.

GROUP VII.

Contains species of robust form, and mostly of large size; above of the usual metallic
brown colour, but sometimes of a fine copper or purple colour. The labrum is moderately
large, three toothed, almost always prominent in the middle; with the lateral angles ob-
tuse. The labial palpi of the male are pale, with the last joint black. The head and
thorax are finely granulate, the former is finely striate at the sides, with scattered white
erect hairs on the front: the latter is usually convex, narrowed behind, with erect hairs
towards the sides. The elytra are punctured, very finely, sometimes hardly perceptibly
serrate towards the tips, which are conjointly rounded in both sexes, with a small sutural
spine. The markings are usually broad; the humeral lunule is always entire and pro-
longed; the middle band almost rectangularly bent; the apical lunule entire: sometimes
the whole outer margin is white. The under surface is with the exception sometimes of
the middle of the pectus and abdomen, clothed with long coarse white hair: the anterior
tarsi of the male are moderately broadly dilated. _

Species inhabiting sandy places, and seen only when the sun is brightly shining. This
group seems closely related to group VIIL., but in that the labrum is almost truncate an-
teriorly, and the thorax is quadrate and less convex, and the elytra are more strongly
serrate. Three principal forms.

1. Elytra dull, middle band dilated on the margin: (labrum 3-toothed, prominent.) C. Ancocisconensis, venusta,
generosa, formosa, latesignata.

2. Elytra dull, spots not connected at the margin: (labrum 3-toothed, subtruncate.) C. vulgaris.

3. Elytra shining, spots not connected: (labrum prominent, obsoletely toothed.) C. fulgida.

C. Ancocisconensis affiliates by its markings with C. baltimorensis; while C. vulgaris is
evidently by the labrum and form of body allied to C. purpurea, which differs by the en-
tirely black palpi, the interrupted humeral lunule, and the not serrate elytra.

15. C. Ancocisconensis supra eneo-brunnea, cupite granulato, fronte albosetosa, utrinque subtiliter striata, tho-
race conyexo, latitudine paulo breviore, postice subangustato, granulato, lateribus parce albo-setosis, elytris puncta-
tis, ad apicem rotundatis obsolete serratis, lunula curyata humerali, altera apicali superne inflexa fascia angusta
media obtuse refracta linexe marginali adjuncta albis; subtus viridi-aenca lateribus minus dense albo-setosis; labro
sexus utriusque longiusculo, albo, tridentato. Long. -6.

Mas palpis labialibus articulo penultimo pallido.

Harris, Family Visitor, (Cleveland, Ohio,) 2, No.39. Haldeman, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 6, 361.

Found about the White Mountains, New Hampshire, by Dr. T. W. Harris, to whom
I owe a fine series of specimens: a specimen was previously given me by Mr. Schafhirt,
who found it in one of the public squares of Philadelphia. This species is very distinct
from all other native species: the markings of the elytra resemble nearly in form those
of C. repanda. Haldeman has stated that the maxillary palpi of the male are pale at
base: this is undoubtedly an error of writing, as the labial palpi are meant.

REVISION OF THE CICINDELA OF THE UNITED STATES. 39

16. C. venusta, cuprea, opaca, capite thoraceque granulato-rugosis, viridi variegatis, fronte albo-setosa, utrin-
que striata, thorace conyexo, latitudine breviore, postice subangustato, lateribus longe albo-setosis, elytris punc-
tatis versus basin parce granulatis, ad apicem subtiliter serrulatis, lunula humerali oblique prolongata, fascia media
perpendiculariter refracta, lunulaque apicali latis ad marginem cohxrentibus albis, limbo extimo epipleurisque
seneo-viridibus; subtus viridi-eenea longe albo-pilosa, pectore medio glabro: labro sexus utriusque albo maiusculo,
prominulo subtiliter tridentato. Long. -55—-60.

Mas palpis labialibus articulo penultimo pallido.

Leconte, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist of New York, 4, 179; tab. 13, fig. 6.

On sandy places near the Forks of Platte River. More slender and more convex than
C. generosa, and distinguished by the larger and more prominent labrum.

17. ©. generosa, crassiuscula, supra fusco-eenea, vel nigro-purpurea, opaca, capite granulato-rugoso, fronte
striata albo-setosa, thorace latitudine breviore, granulato-rugoso postice subangustato, lateribus albo-setosis, elytris
punctatis parce granulatis, ad apicem subtilissime serratis, lunula humerali oblique prolongata, fascia media perpendi-
culariter refracta, lunulaque apicali antice inflexa latis, albis ad marginem cohxrentibus, limbo extimo epipleurisque
zeneis; subtus viridi-zenea, longe albo-pilosa, pectoris abdominisque medio glabro, pleuris purpureo-variegatis; labro
sexus utriusque albo medio prolongato, tridentato. Long. -6—’7.

Mas thorace conyexo, postice subangustato, palpis labialibus articulo penultimo pallido.

Femina thorace minus convexo postice vix angustato, palpis labialibus articulo penultimo piceo.

Dej. Sp. Gen. 5, 231: Gould, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 1, 42; tab. 3, fig. 2.

C. obliquatat Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 4, 10.

Variat maculis albis latioribus, ita ut lunulee humeralis margo posticus marginem perpendiculariter ferit; lunula

postica quoque lobata haud inflexa apparet.

Middle and Western States, (Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Minnesota.) The
variety is rare: but at a locality on the Mississippi above the Falls of St. Anthony I
found them quite abundant: in one specimen the markings are fully as dilated as in C.
formosa, from which it differs only by the middle band being rectangularly bent.

18. C. formosa, crassiuscula, supra cuprea, vel cupreo-purpurea, opaca, capite granulato-rugoso, fronte striata
albo-setosa, thorace latitudine breviore granulato-rugoso, postice subangustato, lateribus albo-setosis, elytris punc-
tatis parce granulatis ad apicem vix serrulatis, lunula humerali, fascia media obtuse sinuata lunulaque apicali dila-
tatis albis ad marginem late cohxrentibus, limbo externo epipleurisque eeneis; subtus viridi-senea albo-pilosa, pec-
toris abdominisque medio glabro; labro sexus utriusque albo, medio paulo prolongato tridentato. Long. -64—-7.

Sexus differentia sicut in C. generosa.

Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. 1,19; Am. Ent. tab. 18; Dej. Sp. Gen. 2, 424; Lee. Ann. Lye. 4, 180.

Valley of the Nebraska River, near sand hills, The marks of the elytra are always
very broad, and the humeral lunule, though obliquely prolonged, is so dilated that its
posterior outline is perpendicular to the sides: the only satisfactory difference between it
and C. generosa is found in the middle band being only obtusely bent, and much less
deflexed than in the last named species.

19. C. latesignata, supra fusco-nigra opaca, capite thoraceque granulatis rugosis zneo-tinctis, fronte subtilius
striata albo-setosa, thorace latitudine breviore, postice vix angustato, parum conyexo, lateribus albo-setosis, elytris

40 REVISION OF THE CICINDELA OF THE UNITED STATES.

fortius punctatis, ad apicem rotundatis vix serrulatis, lunula humerali oblique prolongata, apicali antice inflexa
fasciaque media rectangulariter refracta, ad marginem expansa, latis albis; subtus viridi-zenea, longe pilosa, pectore
medio glabro: labro sexus utriusque breviusculo, medio tridentato parum prominulo. Long. -5.

Mas palpis labialibus articulo penultimo pallido.

Femina palpis concoloribus, (thorace elytrisque adhue minus convexis.)

Leconte, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. of New York, 5, 172. Chaud. Bull. Mose. 1854.

Variat maculis elytrorum latissimis confluentibus.

San Diego, California, on the sea shore, and in salt marsh. Though allied to C. ge-
nerosa, the form is less convex, the elytra are more strongly punctured, and the labrum
is shorter. Baron Chaudoir states that it closely resembles the Asiatic C. lateralis.

20. C. vulgaris, aneo-fusca opaca, fronte striata albo-setosa, capite thoraceque granulatis rugosis, hoe latitudine
plus sesqui breviore, parum convexo, trapezoideo, fortiter transversim impresso, lateribus parce albo-pilosis, elytris
punctatis, parce granulatis, parum convexis, ad apicem obsoletissime serrulatis, lunula humerali oblique prolongata,
apicali antice inflexa, fasciaque media rectangulariter refracta angustis albis; subtus viridi-eenea longe minus dense
albo-setosa, pleuris cupreis; labro sexus utriusque albo breviusculo tridentato. Long. -52—-65.

Mas palpis labialibus articulo penultimo pallido; labro minus acute dentato.

Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 1, 409; tab. 13, fig. 1. Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 4, 10: Gould, Bost. Journ. Nat.
Hist. 1, 43.

C. obliquata Dej. Sp. Gen. 1, 72.

Variat. a. Lunula humerali fere obsoleta.

b. Viridis, macula humerali interrupta. Lec. Ann. Lye. 4, 179.

Apparently found in almost every part of the United States. New York, Georgia,
Wisconsin, Missouri. The green specimen was found by Dr. Townsend on his journey
to the Pacific, through the Rocky Mountains, and was given me by Mr. Willcox. The
variety with indistinct humeral lunule was taken on the banks of the Ohio River, below
Louisville. In form this species entirely resembles C. purpurea, and bears but a remote
resemblance (except in the forms of the markings) to C. generosa. The description given
by Kirby of C. obliquata can however be referred to no other species but C. generosa,
from which he separates the present by a number of characters of little value, neglecting
the obvious differences.

21. C. fulgida, purpureo-cuprea, capite thoraceque rugosis, fronte striata albosetosa, antice viridi, thorace con-
vexo, latitudine parum breviore postice subangustato, lateribus albosetosis, elytris valde punctatis nitidis, ad api-
cem subtilissime serrulatis, lunula humerali oblique prolongata, fascia media rectangulariter flexa, lunulaque api-
cali antice inflexa latis albis; subtus viridi-aenea ad latera longe albopilosa; labro breviusculo, medio prominulo
subtilius tridentato. Long. -5.

Mas palpis labialibus articulo penultimo pallido; labro yix obsolete dentato.

Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. 8, 141: Lec. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. of New York, 4, 179; tab. 13, fig. 5.

Platte river valley on sandy places. In one specimen the middle band of the elytra is
slightly dilated along the margin (as may be occasionally seen in C, vulgaris) but it would
never become united with either of the lunules. The form of this species is more slender
than that of C. generosa &e.

REVISION OF THE CICINDELA OF THE UNITED STATES. 4]

GROUP VIII.

Contains several species of a not slender form, with the thorax subquadrate and more
flattened in the females than the males: the elytra are strongly punctured with inter-
mixed granules, they are rounded and finely serrate at tip; in the females they are more
or less dilated on the sides; the spots are normal, sometimes interrupted, sometimes con-
nected on the margin, the medial band is perpendicularly bent. The head and thorax
are finely rugous and granulate, the front is finely striate near the eyes, and is pilose in
our native species; the labrum is moderately short, the middle tooth being acute and pro-
minent, while the others are indistinct, and frequently wanting. The labial palpi at
least of the male are pale at base. Sides of the thorax and body beneath hairy.

The species may be divided into three principal forms:

1. Lunules interrupted, middle band not dilated on the margin. ©. oregona and guttifera.

2. Middle band dilated on the margin, humeral lunule curved, sometimes interrupted. C. 12-guttata and balti-
morensis.

8. Middle band dilated on the margin, humeral lunule perpendicularly bent. C. hirticollis.

22. C. oregona, fusco-zenea, vel cyanea, fronte parce pilosa, utrinque subtiliter striata, thorace latitudine bre-
viore, subquadrato, postice vix angustato, elytris pone humeros obtusos sensim latioribus, postice fortiter serratis,
spina suturali prominula, punctatis granulatis, lunulis late interruptis, fascia media reetangulariter refracta ad mar-
ginem haud latiore albis; subtus cyaneo-znea, pleuris albo-pilosis; labro albo unidentato. Long. -4—-55.

Mas palpis labialibus articulo penultimo pallido. Femina elytris magis dilatatis, palpis concoloribus nigris.

C. duodecimguttata { Ménétriés, Bull. Soc. Imp. St. Petersb. 2, 52; et auctorum aliorum, (sine descriptione.)

Oregon Territory and Northern California, as far as San Francisco. Of the same form
as C. 12-guttata, but having the elytra of the female more dilated, and the apical serra-
tures and the sutural spine much more distinct.

The white spots of the elytra are large and conspicuous, but show no tendency to unite
along the margin; they are thus placed: a humeral spot; a middle fascia bent at a right
angle, and then curved towards the suture, terminating in a round spot: an apical spot,
and two round submarginal spots, one midway between the humerus and middle band,
the other between the band and the tip, but rather nearer the latter. The specimens
from Oregon were collected by Dr. J. G. Cooper, they are all blue, or of a dull olive green
above: the specimen found by me at Benicia is above of a fuscous bronze colour varied
with coppery and brassy, as in our common C. baltimorensis.

22’, C.

suturali prominula, lunulis humerali apicalique interruptis, fascia media oblique oriente, obtuse refracta.

, capite omnino sicut in precedente, thorace—? elytris fortius punctatis, ad apicem serratis, spina

Here seems the proper place to refer some fragments of a specimen collected by Dr.
Cooper at Prairie Pass, Oregon. The head is not in the least respect different from that
of the preceding, but the elytra are less dilated and less strongly serrate: the surface
is more strongly punctured, and the middle band does not arise perpendicularly (as in all

VOL. xI.—6

42 REVISION OF THE CICINDELA OF THE UNITED STATES.

the other species of this group) but is oblique, and only obtusely bent, terminating, how-
ever, as in the preceding, in a round spot. The body beneath is bluish green. I have
already indicated this species (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 7,16) as perhaps allied to C. longi-
labris, but on farther examination it appears to have no relation to that species.

992

3. C. guttifera, fusco-zenea, fronte parce pilosa, utrinque subtiliter striata, thorace latitudine breviore sub-
quadrato, postice vix angustato, elytris pone humeros obtusos sensim latioribus, postice rotundatis subtilius serratis,
spina suturali parva haud prominula, punctatis granulatis, lunulis late interruptis, fascia media rectangulariter re-
fracta, ad marginem haud latiore albis, subtus viridi-eenea, pleuris omnibus cupreis albo pilosis; labro albo uniden-
tato. Long. °5.

Mas latet.

Santa Fe, New Mexico, collected by Mr. Fendler. Resembles precisely in its form and
markings C. oregona, but differs in having the tip of the elytra less serrate, and the sutu-
ral spine not prominent. The copper pleuree afford also a good character for its separa-
tion: these are, however, found in C. 12-guttata, from which the present differs by the
middle band being not at all dilated on the margin, and by the completely isolated spots
into which the lunules are divided.

24. C. duodecim-guttata, supra nigra, fusco-eenea, vel etiam cuprascens et cyanea, fronte parce pilosa, utrin-
que subtiliter striata, thorace latitudine breviore subquadrato, postice subangustato, lateribus albo-pilosis, elytris
pone humeros sensim latioribus, postice rotundatis subtilius serratis, spina suturali haud prominula, granulatis punc-
tatis, (punctis seepe vix distinctis,) lunula humerali curvata apicalique seepe interruptis, fasciaque media rectangu-
lariter refracta, in striga marginali oriente albis; subtus viridi, vel cyaneo-znea, lateribus albo-pilosis, pleuris cu-
prascentibus, labro albo unidentato, Long. -47—‘54.

Mas palpis labialibus articulo penultimo pallido: femina palpis concoloribus, elytris latioribus.

Dej. Sp. Gen. 1, 73; Gould, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 1, 51; tab. 3, fig. 3.

C. Proteus Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 4, 9.

Lake Superior, New York, near water, usually on causeways over marshes, or on the
shores of lakes. Varies considerably, not only in the spots, which are sometimes entire, and
sometimes interrupted, or even obsolete, but also in colour, as mentioned in the diagno-
sis: the sculpture too varies, because in the specimens of a black colour, the punctures
vanish, and the elytra seem only sparsely granulate. When the colour is bronzed olive
or coppery, the punctures are blue, and are very distinct.

Perfectly marked specimens, as well as those of coppery and greenish colour, have been
found by me, only at Lake Superior: but a remarkable specimen of a fine blue colour
with very complete marks was taken by Dr. Kirtland at Fort Gratiot, and kindly pre-
sented to me. Those found near the Atlantic vary but little, being of a dull blackish
bronze colour, with the marks interrupted: the marginal white line connected with the
middle band disappears occasionally, but the markings of the middle band are then ex-
tremely small and imperfect, so that even such specimens could not be confounded with
the two preceding species.

REVISION OF THE CICINDEL® OF THE UNITED STATES. 43

The most perfectly marked specimens greatly resemble the next species, but are readily
known by the shorter and less convex thorax, and by the elytra of the female being only
gradually dilated, behind the shoulders, and by the black maxillary palpi of the male.

25. C. baltimorensis, fusco-zenea, fronte utrinque subtiliter striata, parce pilosa, thorace subquadrato, con-
vexiusculo, lateribus albo-pilosis, elytris pone humeros latioribus punctatis granulatis, ad apicem rotundatis serru-
latis, spina suturali prominula, lunula humerali curvata, altera apicali antice inflexa, fasciaque media rectangulariter
fracta in linea marginali oriente albis; subtus viridi-zenea, lateribus pilosis, pleuris cupreis; labro brevi unidentato ;
palpis labialibus sexus utriusque articulo penultimo pallido. Long. -47.

Mas palpis pallidis articulo ultimo nigricante, elytris subparallelis.

Femina palpis maxillaribus nigris, elytris pone humeros subito paulo latioribus.

Herbst, Kafer, 10, 180, tab. 172, fig. 5.

C. repanda Dej. Sp. Gen. 1, 74: Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 4, 9, tab. 3, fig. 1.

C. hirticollist Gould, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 1, 49.

Lake Superior, New York, Missouri, Georgia. Does not vary perceptibly in its charac-
ters; the marginal line of the elytra never reaches either of the lunules. One specimen
occurred at New York having the middle fascia abbreviated at tip, so as to he less strongly
bent than usual. I do not know how Herbst’s description of this species has been over-
looked, for it is quite satisfactory.

26. C. hirticollis, olivaceo-znea cyaneo variegata, vel fusco-eenea, vel fusca vix cenescens, fronte albosetosa,
utrinque striata, thorace quadrato postice haud angustato lateribus valde pilosis, elytris fortius punctatis (punctis
sepissime cyaneis,) ad apicem oblique rotundatis, serratis spina suturali prominula, lunula humerali perpendicula-
riter flexa et hamata, apicali antice inflexa, fascia media subito fere acute refracta in striga marginali lunule hume-
rali adjuncta albis; subtus cyaneo-viridis, lateribus valde pilosis, pleuris cupreis; labro brevi medio prominulo uni-
dentato; palpis omnibus sexus utriusque pallidis articulo ultimo eeneo. Long. -45—-62.

Mas elytris pone humeros vix latioribus.

Femina elytris pone humeros subito rotundatim paulo dilatatis.

Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. 1, 20. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 1, 411, tab. 13, fig. 2. Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 4, 8.

Le Conte, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 4,180: Chaud. Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mose. 1854.

C. albohirta De}. Sp. Gen. 2, 425: Gould, Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 1, 49, tab. 3, fig. 1.

C. gravida Lec. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 5, 170.

C. unita Kollar, Ann. Wien. Mus. 1, 330.

Variat maculis plus minusye obliteratis; etiam linea marginali lunulam apicalem vel attingente, vel abbreviata.

Found abundantly on the shores of both of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, and the
Gulf of Mexico, along our whole coasts; also on Lakes Ontario, Erie, and Superior: spe-
cimens occur, though less abundantly, on the rivers of the central and western parts of the
Continent; e. g. Platte, Arkansas and Gila. The synonym last named was made on spe-
cimens from California, and presented slight differences which with a larger series of spe-
cimens have disappeared.

The figure and description given by Say in the Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. represent perfectly
this species, but the short description in the Journal of the Academy is very indefinite, and

44 REVISION OF THE CICINDELA OF THE UNITED STATES.

with the false locality, (Pennsylvania,) has led several entomologists to suppose it intended
for the preceding species: it is quite likely that Say at that time confounded them. to-
gether, but the expressions, “thorax very hairy,” and “band is divaricated on the margin,

so as to join the anterior lunule,” lead me to refer the description to the present species.

GROUP IX.

One species of a slender form, with the labrum moderate, with the middle tooth pro-
minent: palpi pale with black tips: head bald, slightly striate each side: thorax subcylin-
drical, hairy atthe side. Elytra punctured, with long slender markings, medial band slightly
bent, oblique, connected with a marginal white line; tips rounded finely serrate: those of
the female very slightly suddenly dilated. Body beneath with dense not erect white
hair, middle of pectus and abdomen glabrous.

Affiliates with group x1r., but the humeral lunule is not recurved, the trochanters are
not red, and the head is not pubescent. Also with the next group—but the tips of the
elytra are serrate, and the middle tooth of the mandibles is not smaller than the others.

This group has most of the essential characters of the preceding, and is distinguished
from C. baltimorensis by its slender form, and very elongated and oblique medial band;
it leads through the next to others hereafter treated of, and interrupts the passage to
group XI., which should properly follow group vu.

27. C. tenuisignata, elongata, fusco-enea, capite glabro subtiliter granulato, prope oculos striato, thorace lati-
tudine haud breviore, subcylindrico, vix canaliculato, subtiliter granulato, pilis haud erectis ad latera parce vestito,
elytris punctatis, antice parce granulatis ad apicem rotundatis serratis, spina suturali prominula, lunula humerali
curyata, apicali antice inflexa, linea media elongata obliqua obtuse angulata in striga marginali que lunulas haud
attingit oriente, tenuibus albis; subtus viridi-enea, lateribus pube depressa dense vestita, pleuris cuprascentibus ;
labro brevi albo unidentato, palpis sexus utriusque pallidis articulo ultimo «neo. Long. -48—-47.

Leconte, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. of New York, 5, 171, (1852.)

? C. californica Ménétriés, Bull. Soc. Imp. St. Petersb. 2, 52, (1848.)

New River, Colorado Desert, California: found also in Texas on the Rio Grande by Mr.
Schott, of the Boundary Commission, and by Dr. Berlandieére. The description given by
Mr. Ménétriés of C. californica applies to this species so far as it goes, but it is extremely
imperfect, and I do not feel authorized in suppressing the name given by me. I may
add that Mr. Motschulsky, who possesses a specimen of C. californica, failed to recognise
the species in my collection. In order, however, to save a reference to a rare work, I
copy the original description.

‘CO. californica, parallela, obscure ferruginea subtus albo-pilosa; elytris lunula humerali, apicalique integris,
fascia media extus dilatata (lunulam humeralem fere attingente) intus hamulo oblique descendente albis; pedibus
gracilioribus lougissimis.

“Cette espéce a quelque ressemblance avec la C. spinigera Eschsch. de son Atlas zoologique, mais elle est
yueny piunig $s )

_—_—*

REVISION OF THE CICINDELA OF THE UNITED STATES. 45

beaucoup plus étroite, plus parallele et la lunule du milieu se dilate sur le bord externe, de maniére a rejoindre
presque la lunule humérale et descend extérieurement aussi bas que la branche antérieure de la lunule apicale; de
plus la lunule du milieu, partout d’égale largeur, descend obliquement jusqu’ au deux tiers de la largeur de l’élytre;

les jambes sont trés longues et gréles. Le dessous du corps est couyert de poils blancs trés serrés.’

GROUP X.

Moderate-sized, subcylindrical, but somewhat robust species, with sericeous surface
rarely with any metallic gloss. Head glabrous, striate each side. Labrum short with
one prominent, and two obsolete teeth. Palpi pale with darker tips in the male or in
both sexes. Thorax quadrate, rounded, or subcylindrical, hairy on the sides. Elytra
not serrate, conjointly rounded in the male, with the suture slightly retracted in the fe-
male. The medial band is oblique, and long: the humeral lunule is also prolonged: these
markings are frequently connected by a broad white marginal band, but the white is se-
parated from the outer edge by a stripe of black, which is quite conspicuous. From this
it results, that in the varieties with obsolete markings the medial band does not reach the
margin as usual. The under surface is metallic green, slightly hairy on the sides; the
anus is black: the tibie are usually testaceous at base.

The middle tooth of the mandibles is smaller than the others, though not so conspicu-
ously so as in group XXI.

28. C. imperfecta, supra fusco-atra opaca sericea, senescens, capite utrinque striolato, thorace quadrato, postice
subangustato, lateribus parce pilosis, elytris viridi-punctatis, lunula humerali oblique valde prolongata, apicali an-
tice inflexa, fasciaque media elongata obliqua sinuata extrorsum abbreyiata albis, subtus viridi-zenea, lateribus sub-
tilius pilosis ; labro brevi albo unidentato, palpis maxillaribus (feminz) nigro eencis, labialibus pallidis articulo ul-
timo eneo.Long. -45.

Leconte, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. 5,171.

One female from Sacramento. The maxillary palpi of the male are undoubtedly pale
with dark tip as in the other species of this group.

29. C. pusilla, atra opaca, haud zenescens, capite utrinque striato, thorace latitudine vix breviore, lateribus
rotundatis pilosis, postice angustato, elytris pone humeros sensim latioribus, parce punctatis, lunula humerali curva-
ta, apicali antice inflexa, strigaque media obliqua extrorsum dilatata tenuibus albis, subtus ad latera parce pilosa ;
tibiis ad basin pallidis; labro albo tridentato, palpis sexus utriusque pallidis apice nigricantibus. Long. -45.

Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Hist. 1, 31. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 1, 424; tab. 13. Dej. Sp. Gen. 2, 432: Lec. An.
Lyc. Nat. Hist. 4,183. Variat elytris nigris immaculatis

Platte River valley, on moist mud.

30. C. cinetipennis, supra olivacea, vel fusco-zenea, vel atra, sericea, capite utrinque striato, thorace latitu-
dine yix breviore, lateribus rotundatis albo-pilosis, postice angustato, elytris subparallelis, fortius punctatis, lunula
humerali curvata, apicali antice inflexa, fasciaque media obliqua sinuata extrorsum in linea submarginali oriente
albis; subtus viridi-zenea lateribus parcius albo-pilosis, tibiis ad basin testaceis; labro brevi albo tridentato; palpis
sexus utriusque pallidis articulo ultimo nigro. Long. “45.

Leconte, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 4, 182.

.

46 REVISION OF THE CICINDEL& OF THE UNITED STATES.

Variat maculis elytrorum late confluentibus, ita ut vitta lata submarginalis efformatur ramo antico obliquo, al-
tero ad medium sinuato, loboque anteapicali rotundato praedita. Loe. cit. tab. 14, fig. 12.

Platte and Arkansas River on muddy plains. Nearly allied to the preceding, from
which the more strongly punctured and more parallel elytra, and the complete white
markings distinguish it. The trochanters are usually dark testaceous.

31. CO. cyanella, gracilis, obscure cyanea, sericea, capite utrinque striato, thorace latitudine fere longiore, la-
teribus subrotundatis albo-pilosis, postice subangustato, elytris fuscis pone humeros sensim latioribus, fortius eya-
neo-punctatis, lunula humerali curvata, apicali antice inflexa, guttaque ad medium brevi submarginali intus prominula
albis; subtus ad latera albo-pilosa, tibiis medio obsolete testaceis; labro albo brevi subtridentato, palpis (maris) pal-
lidis articulo ultimo nigro, maxillaribus basi piceis. Long. -36.

One specimen collected at the Yellowstone River, Upper Missouri, by Dr. Hayden.
Related to the two preceding, but distinguished by its smaller size, and more slender form.
From C. cinctipennis it differs in having the elytra with the form and markings of C.
pusilla, and from the latter by the deep and large punctures. ‘he maxillary palpi are
brownish at the base, but this may be an individual variation: the anus and trochanters

are testaceous.

GROUP XI.

Maritime species having broad depressed white elytra, which are angulated laterally in
the female: the suture and oblique lines are dark metallic green. The thorax of the fe-
male is dilated posteriorly: the front is glabrous, finely striate; in our species the right
mandible of the male is inferiorly dilated into an obtuse tooth near the tip, but in the South
American C. nivea, this is not observed. The palpi are pale with dark tips. The body
beneath is densely clothed with white hair, only the middle of the pectus and abdomen is
glabrous. Legs very long; first joint of anterior tarsi of males hardly dilated, 5rd joint
very perceptibly oblique; claws larger than usual. The tips of the elytra are obliquely
narrowed, and separately rounded in the female, but in the male they are conjointly rounded.
The change in pattern of the elytral markings is owing to the presence of a basal spot; the
ordinary markings are broad, and the humeral lunule is prolonged along the suture till
it reaches the much deflexed and somewhat tortuous medial band.

32. C. dorsalis, capite thoraceque olivaceo-seneis, subtiliter rugosis, illo glabro fronte vage bisulcata utrinque
striolata, thorace albo-pubescente, latitudine breviore lateribus late rotundatis, elytris punctatis ad apicem serrula-
tis, albidis, sutura lineisque tribus viridi-ceneis (anteriore semper cum sutura confluente ;) subtus aenea dense albo-
pubescens, pectore medio abdomineque glabris, hoc purpurascente ano testaceo: labro amplo albo unidentato, palpis
pallidis apice nigro-eeneis. Long. -55—-6.

Mas mandibulo dextro subtus longe dentato; thorace postice vix ampliato; elytris lateribus late rotundatis.

Femina thorace postice ampliato, angulis productis; elytris pone humeros distincte angulatis, margine paulo ex-

planato.

REVISION OF THE CICINDELA OF THE UNITED STATES. 47

Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Hist. 1, 20; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 1, 415; tab. 13, fig. 5: Gould, Bost. Journ. Nat.
Hist. 1, 47.

C. signata Dej. Sp. Gen. 1, 124.

Variat elytris albidis sutura sola viridi-zenea, (mas. )

Atlantic coast of Middle and Northern States; very abundant on the open sandy sea-
shore.

33. C. media, olivaceo-zenea, capite glabro, fronte yage bisulcata utrinque striolata, thorace latitudine haud bre-
viore, albopubescente lateribus parum rotundatis, elytris punctatis albidis, sutura lineisque obliquis tribus (anteriore
cum sutura confluente) viridi-zeneis, ad apicem serrulatis, subtus viridi-zenea dense albo-pubescens, pectore abdomi-
neque medio glabris, ano testaceo, labro amplo albo unidentato, palpis pallidis ad apicem nigro-wneis. Long.
48— 58.

Mas thorace postice haud latiore, elytris lateribus rotundatis; mandibulo dextro subtus longe dentato.

Femina thorace postice paulo ampliato, angulis productis; elytris pone humeros angulatis, margine parum ex-
planato.

Sea coast of Georgia, and South Carolina. Very similar to the preceding, but always
smaller: the narrower and less rounded thorax and the narrower elytra induce me to
consider it as a separate species. ‘The sexual characters are precisely as in C. dorsalis.
The posterior one of the three oblique lines of the elytra is frequently connected with the
suture.

34. C. Saulcyi, olivaceo-znea, capite glabro, fronte vage bisuleata, utrinque striolata, thorace latitudine haud
breviore, albopubescente lateribus rotundatis, elytris punctatis albidis, sutura lineisque tribus obliquis (seepe cum su-
tura coniunctis) viridi-zeneis, ad apicem serrulatis, subtus viridi-nea dense albopubescens, pectore abdominisque me-
dio glabris, ano testaceo, labro amplo albo unidentato, palpis pallidis ad apicem nigro-zeneis.

Mas thorace postice yix ampliato, elytris lateribus late rotundatis; mandibulo dextro subtus breviter obtuse den-
tato. Long. -36—-41.

Femina thorace postice valde ampliato, angulis paulo productis, elytris pone humeros obtuse angulatis vix ex-
planatis. Long. -37—-43.

Guérin, Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 87; 1841, 96.

C. venusta Ferté, Rey. Zool. 1841, 37.

Variat elytris albidis sutura sola cenea; femina.

Sea shore of the Gulf of Mexico (Texas, Louisiana, Florida:) the variety was found at
Key West, by Dr. W. L. Jones. This species is also very closely related to the two pre-
ceding, and except by the difference in size and in the form of the inferior tooth of the
right mandible of the male, is hardly separated from C. dorsalis. The elytra are however
narrower in both sexes, and the thorax is somewhat longer and less rounded on the sides.
The bronze markings of the elytra are usually much broader, and the posterior one is
frequently lobed.

GROUP XI.

Maritime, salt marsh, or fluviatile species, having the right mandible of the male some-

times toothed near the tip, as in the preceding group, but sometimes, (form 2,) normal,

48 REVISION OF THE CICINDEL@® OF THE UNITED STATES.

The thorax has more or less elevated posterior angles, and in the female is sometimes
wider towards the base. The form is nearly cylindrical, the front is hairy, finely striate
each side. The.elytra of the female are somewhat wider than those of the male. The
markings are either narrow or wide; the humeral lunule is recurved posteriorly, the mid-
dle band is long and fimbriate, sometimes tortuous; the whole lateral margin is white, the
apical lunule is lost in the white margin, but is slightly dilated at the suture and at the
anterior extremity; they are also marked, except in C. sperata, with a large basal spot:
the tips are feebly serrate. The body beneath is densely clothed with white hair, with
the middle of the pectus and the abdomen glabrous. The legs are long, and the trochan-
ters are red. The labrum is three-toothed, but the middle tooth is more prominent; the
palpi are pale with dark tips.

Two principal forms may be distinguished:

1. Salt water species having the elytra rounded on the sides, with the suture of the female retracted, and the
tips separately rounded. C. lacerata and marginata.

2. Fluviatile species with cylindrical elytra, which in the female are obliquely sinuate and armed with an ex-
ternal tooth near the tip. C. cuprascens, blanda, macra, sperata.

35. C. lacerata, olivaceo-eenea, capite thoraceque subtiliter albo-pubescentibus, hoe quadrato, latitudine sub-
longiore, elytris latiusculis confertim punctatis, macula basali, margine lato lobato, ramo humerali subobliquo hamato,
fascia media refracta elongata fimbriata, lunulaque apicali utrinque inflexa albis, ad apicem serrulatis singulatim ro-
tundatis, spina suturali distincta; subtus dense albo-pubescens, medio glabra, pedibus longissimis, trochanteribus
rufis; labro albo unidentato. Long. -42—-45.

Mas thorace lateribus vix rotundatis, mandibulo dextro dente inferiore obtuso armato; elytris sutura modice re-
tracta.

Femina thorace lateribus paulo rotundatis; elytris sutura valde retracta
Chaudoir, Bull. Soc. Imp. Moscow, 1854.

Louisiana and Florida, on the coast of the gulfof Mexico. Quite distinct from the fol-
lowing by the broader elytra of the female not being deflexed at tip, and by the inferior
tooth of the right mandible of the male being obtuse, and by the difference in the apical

angles of the elytra.

36. C. marginata, olivaceo-zenea, capite thoraceque subtilius albo-pubescentibus, hoe quadrato, elytris con-
fertim punctatis ad apicem serrulatis, macula basali, margine lato lobato, ramo subhumerali subobliquo hamato, fas-
cia media longa refracta fimbriata, lunulaque apicali utrinque inflexa albis; subtus dense albo-pubescens, medio
glabra, trochanteribus rufis, pedibus elongatis; labro albo unidentato. Long. -43—-55.

Mas thorace postice haud latiore, mandibulo dextro dente elongato inferiore armato, elytris spina suturali promi-
nula.

Femina thorace postice subampliato, elytris sutura valde retracta ad apicem deflexis.

Fabr. Syst. El. 1,241: Herbst, Kafer, 10, 206: Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 1,417; tab. 13, f. 6: Gould,
Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 1, 48.

C. variegata Dej. Sp. Gen. 1, 84.

Variat maculis obsoletis, margine lato, maculaque basali utrinque relictis.

REVISION OF THE CICINDELZ OF THE UNITED STATES. 49

On salt marsh in Massachusetts and New York: on the ocean beach of South Carolina
and Georgia. The specimens from the latter localities are more perfectly marked, and
the lobe representing the anterior extremity of the apical lunule is directed more ob-
liquely inwards than in specimens from New York; but after a close comparison I have
failed to find any specific differences.

37. C. cuprascens, modice elongata, cylindrica, cuprea, vel olivaceo-gnea, subnitida, capite thoraceque
albo-pubescentibus, hoc latitudine haud longiore, lateribus rotundatis, elytris valde punctatis ad apicem serrulatis,
macula basali, margine lobato, ramo subhumerali subobliquo hamato, fascia media fere tortuosa fimbriata, lunula-
que apicali utrinque inflexa latis albis; subtus viridi-zenea dense albo-pubescens, medio glabra, trochanteribus ru-
fis, pedibus longissimis ; labro brevi unidentato. Long. -48—-52.

Mas elytris ad apicem oblique subsinuatis, sutura haud retracta.

Femina elytris ad apicem oblique sinuatis, angulo externo acuto prominulo, sutura paulo retracta.

Lec. Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 6, 65.

C. blanda ¢ (var. 8.) Lee. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 4, 180: Chaud. Bull. Mose. 1854.

Missouri and Kansas: the anterior tibize are more or less testaceous. Baron Chaudoir
regards this species as a variety of C. blanda; from the imperfections of Dejean’s de-
scription such an inference might be readily made: it is however very different from the
two allied species next described by its stouter form and more rounded thorax, by the
more shining surface, by the coarser punctures of the elytra, and by the acute tooth at
the external angle of the oblique sinuosity of the elytra of the female. It is quite possi-
ble, as many Coleoptera from the Western States have been sent to Europe, that this spe-
cies has become extensively distributed as the veritable C. blanda Dey.

38. C. blanda, elongata subcylindrica, fusco-anea, haud nitida, capite thoraceque albo-pubescentibus, hoe la-
titudine paulo longiore lateribus parum rotundatis, elytris subtilius punctatis, ad apicem oblique angustatis serru-
latis, maculis albis sicut in priore, at valde dilatatis, (sutura ramisque quatuor obscuris relictis ;) subtus dense albo-
pubescens, medio glabra, trochanteribus rufis, pedibus longissimis, tibiis tarsisque fere testaceis; palpis pallidis
apice obscuris, labro breyi unidentato. Long. 48.

Mas elytris oblique subsinuatim angustatis sutura prominula. Femina latet.

Dej. Sp. Gen. 5, 288: (var. y.) Lec. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 4, 138.

C. tarsalis Lec. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 6, 66.

Georgia and North Carolina, on the banks of rivers. On account of the comparison
made between C. blanda and C. variegata (marginata) by Dejean, his description is some-
what obscure; and though possessing the female, he has not noticed the form of the api-
cal sinuosity. | Nevertheless I think that the one here described must be regarded as his
species, for the following reasons: 1, because a similar specimen was sent to Dr. Harris
by my father when the species was first discovered by him; 2nd, because the specimen
now in my possession, although from another locality, came from the old collection of my
father; and 3, because Dejean states that the white lateral margin of the elytra is wider
posteriorly with the lunule obliterated, and that the elytra are less deeply punctured ; nei-

VOL, XI.—7

50) REVISION OF THE CICINDELA OF THE UNITED STATES.

ther of which characters is found in C. cuprascens or macra. The white markings
are of the same form as in the preceding, but wider, so that the elytra appear white, with
the suture as far as the middle and four branches dark-coloured: the first and second
branches are oblique forwards and hooked, the third is small, straight and oblique
backwards, while the fourth is oblique forwards, thickened at each end, and angulated near
the suture.

39. C. macra, valde elongata, cylindrica fusco-cenea, capite thoraceque albo-pubescentibus, hoc latitudine fere
longiore lateribus vix rotundatis, elytris confertim punctatis, ad apicem oblique angustatis serrulatis, macula basali,
margine lobato, ramo subhumerali obliquo hamato, fascia media tortuosa fimbriata lunulaque apicali utrinque in-
flexa albis; subtus viridi-eenea, dense albo-pubescens, medio glabra, trochanteribus rufis, pedibus longissimis; pal-
pis sexus utriusque pallidis ad apicem zeneis, labro brevi unidentato. Long. -48—-53.

Mas elytris subsinuatim oblique angustatis, sutura prominula.

Femina elytris magis sinuatim oblique angustatis, angulo externo obtuso haud rotundato, sutura haud promi-

nula.
C. blanda t Lee. Ann. Lye. 4,190.

Wisconsin and Minnesota. More slender than C. cuprascens, and readily known
by the elytra being more than twice as long as wide, less strongly punctured and not
shining: the markings are of the same form, but narrower, and the external angle of the
obliquely sinuate elytra of the female is obtuse, or at most rectangular.

40. C. sperata, elongata cylindrica, supra fusco-cuprascenshaud nitida, capite thoraceque albopubescentibus, hoc
latitudine fere longiore, lateribus parum rotundatis, elytris confertim punctatis, ad apicem oblique angustatis ser-
rulatis, spina suturali prominula, margine, ramo subhumerali obliquo hamato, fascia elongata subtortuosa sxepe fim-
briata, Junulaque apicali utrinque inflexa albis; subtus viridi-zenea, dense albo-pubescens medio glabra, pleuris cu-
preis; pedibus longissimis trochanteribus rufis; palpis et labro ut in prioribus. Long. -46—5.

Mas elytris oblique vix sinuatim angustatis: thorace postice haud ampliato.

Femina elytris sinuatim oblique angustatis, angulo externo obtuso haud rotundato; thorace postice perparum

ampliato.

Rio Grande, at various places: collected by Messrs. Schott and Clark of the United
States and Mexican Boundary Commission. Slightly more elongated than C. cuprascens,
and easily distinguished from that as from the other species of this group by the absence
of a basal white spot on the elytra. I incorrectly mentioned (Proc. Acad. 6, 459,) this
species as C. curvata Chevr.; in that species, however, the humeral branch is prolonged
backwards parallel with the suture, and is not hamate.

One female specimen varies in having the lateral white margin of the elytra broader, so
that the lobes of the apical lunule become wider and rounded.

GROUP XIII,

A small species with large prominent eyes, densely pubescent head and thorax, and
pale legs: the elytra ave flat, broad and white, with a few sinuous dark lines, the tip is

— —

=

Aé@ Seale

REVISION OF THE CICINDELZ OF THE UNITED STATES. 51

not at all serrate. Jabrum short with one prominent tooth. Palpi of both sexes pale
with dusky tips. Body beneath very densely clothed with white hair; middle of pectus
and abdomen more thinly pubescent; anus testaceous.

This is the only species known to me having the sutural margin pale.

41. C. lepida, viridi-enea, capite thoraceque dense albo-pubescentibus, hoc latitudine vix breviore lateribus
parum rotundatis, elytris latiusculis minus convexis disperse punctatis, albis lineis utrinque duabus punctisque
versus basin fuscis notatis, ad apicem haud serratis, spina suturali haud prominula, subtus dense pubescens, me-
dio glabra, ano testaceo; pedibus antennis palpisque pallidis, his apice fuscis; labro alo unidentato. Long. -42
— 47.

Mas elytris oblique vix sinuatim angustatis.

Femina elytris sinuatim oblique angustatis, angulo externo obtuso haud rotundato apice ipso fere truncato:

thorace quam in mare paulo latiore.

Dej. Sp. Gen. 5, 255: Lec. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 4, 181; tab. 13, f. 8.

Variat elytrorum lineis viridi-zneis.

Coney Island, near New York: Trenton, New Jersey: the variety was found in Mis-
souri, and kindly given to me by Prof. Agassiz, and by Dr. Hoy. This species is found
on very white sand, such as is seen forming sand-hills near the ocean.

GROUP XIV.

Maritime or salt marsh species of the ordinary form; the head is glabrous, slightly
striate near the eyes, which are very large: labrum one-toothed, short: palpi of both
sexes pale with black tips. Thorax very finely granulate, very sparsely hairy. Elytra
with narrow markings hardly connected at the margin: middle band very tortuous ; mar-
gin with a supplementary spot before the apical lunule. Under surface moderately hairy
at the sides. Legs moderately long, slender; tarsi of the male as usual.

| 42. C. ascendens, supra fusco-gnea, thorace distincte subtiliter granulato, elytris disperse profunde viridi-
punctatis, lunula humerali inflexa apice hamata, fascia media tortuosa cum linea brevi marginali coniuncta, macula
laterali parva lunulaque apicali antice inflexa oblique prolongata yix hamata albis, ad apicem oblique rotundatis
serrulatis. Long. -43.

_ Leconte, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. 5, 172.

Georgia and West Indies. It is perhaps only a variety of the next, from which it dif-
fers only in having the anterior inflexed portion of the apical lunule obliquely prolonged,
instead of being bent into a rounded hook.

43. C. serpens, supra fusco-enea, thorace distincte subtiliter granulato, elytris disperse profunde viridi-punc-
tatis, lunula humerali inflexa subhamata, fascia media tortuosa cum linea marginali coniuncta, macula laterali
parva lunulaque apicali antice inflexa et hamata albis, ad apicem serrulatis. Long. -43—-47.

Mas elytris subparallelis ad apicem oblique rotundatis.

Femina elytris pone medium latioribus ad apicem magis rotundatis.
Leconte, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 5, 173.

Key West, Florida, Dr. Jones. Differs from C. sigmoidea by the less dense punctures

ood

52 REVISION OF THE CICINDELZ OF THE UNITED STATES.

of the elytra, and from C. tortuosa by the distinctly granulate thorax. Should it be ne-
cessary to unite the preceding with this species, let C. serpens be the name retained.

44. C. sigmoidea, supra fusco-wnea, thorace distincte subtiliter granulato, elytris confertim profunde viridi-
punctatis, lunula humerali inflexa subhamata, fascia media tortuosa, linea marginali cum fascia et macula laterali
coniuncta, lunulaque apicali antice inflexa subhamata albis, ad apicem serrulatis. Long. -44—-47.

Leconte, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 5, 172.

C. trifasciata var, Chaud. Bull. Mose. 1854, 5, 172.

San Diego, California, on the sea-shore. Baron Chaudoir, to whom I sent specimens of
this species, regards it as merely a variety of C. tortuosa, which varies somewhat in the
width of the elytral markings. The great difference in the punctuation of the elytra, a
character found in all the specimens collected, induces me to separate it from C. serpens,
while the distinct granulation of the thorax prevents it being joined to the next species.

45. C. tortuosa, supra fusco-atra, thorace subtilissime granulato, elytris disperse viridi-punctatis lunula hu-
merali inflexa, fascia media tortuosa, linea marginali seepe obliterata, macula marginali lunulaque apicali antice in-
flexa subhamata tenuissimis albis, ad apicem serrulatis. Long. -43—-48.

Mas elytris subparallelis.

Femina elytris pone medium latioribus.

Dej. Sp. Gen. 1, 87.

‘C. trifasciata Fabr.’ Klug, Jahrb. 1, 21: Chaud. Bull. Mose. 1854: Lee. Ann. Lye. 4,181; tab. 14, fig. 10.

Georgia and Louisiana, on the mud of rice fields. Besides the finer and almost indis-
tinct granulation of the thorax, the punctures of the elytra are smaller and less deep than
in the other species of the group. The white markings are very narrow and frequently
interrupted.

The ‘C. trifasciata Fabr.’ figured by Olivier and Herbst, does not at all resemble this
species, nor, as observed by Dr. Harris in a letter to me, can the original words of the
Fabrician description ‘striga secunda flexuosa’ be applied to it, since the same expression
is used in the descriptions of C. flexuosa and lurida, in which the middle band is rectangu-
larly bent, as in our C. vulgaris and many others. Moreover, the remark ‘Habitat Italia
paullo minor,’ (Ent. Syst. 1, 177) must ‘be allowed to have some weight in the determi-
nation, and if the name be not applied to some West Indian species resembling one found

in Europe, it should be entirely dropped, as tending to confusion.

GROUP XY.

A species of normal form; the head and thorax are very finely granulate, the former
is glabrous and finely striate near the eyes; the latter is subcylindrical, convex and slightly
rounded on the sides, which are sparingly pilose. Labrum one-toothed, labial palpi pale
with the last joint dark; eyes large. Elytra finely serrate, with the tip rounded in both
sexes, with a small sutural spine; densely punctured, with a row of unusually large fovex
near the suture: markings interrupted; the medial band from the position of the spots,

REVISION OF THE CICINDEL® OF THE UNITED STATES. 53

which are its relics, appears perpendicularly refracted, the apical lunule is inflexed ante-
riorly, and between it and the band is a marginal spot, which is sometimes prolonged an-
teriorly to the medial band. Under surface moderately hairy at the sides, legs long and
slender. Anterior tarsi of the male narrowly dilated.

46. C. punctulata, supra fusco-atra, capite thoraceque wenescentibus, hoe latitudine vix breviore, subtilius gra-
nulato-rugoso, lateribus rotundatis, albo-pilosis, elytris oblongis ad apicem rotundatis subtiliter serratis, punctis
albis seepe obsoletis (quarum 4 marginalibus duabusque discoidalibus) lunulaque apicali tenui antice inflexa
albis, fortius punctatis, foveisque cceruleis serie versus suturam impressis ; subtus cyanea lateribus albo-pilosis; la-
bro albo unidentato, palpis maxillaribus nigro-zeneis, labialibus pallidis articulo ultimo zneo. Long. -44—-55.

Oliv. 33, tab. 2, fig. 18: Fabr. Syst. El. 1, 241: Herbst, Kafer, 10,173; tab. 171, f. 8: Dej. Sp. Gen. 1, 101:
Gould, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 1, 54: Lec. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 4, 182: Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 1, 420;
tab. 13, f. 2.

C. micans Fabr. Ent. Syst. Suppl. 61: Herbst, 10, 180, tab. 172, 2. (var. magis cenescens. )

z. Supra lete viridis, vel cyaneo-viridis, capite thoraceque seepe obscure cupreo-zeneis.

From Maine to Texas, and as far west as Santa Fe: abundant on dry roads, and fre-
quently seen in the streets of our largest cities. The form a is found in Kansas and New
Mexico, with the ordinary variety. The punctures are more distant in the vicinity of
the row of blue fovese, wherefore, greasy specimens sometimes appear to have a nearly
smooth longitudinal spot on each elytron. It would perhaps be more in accordance with sci-
entific law to replace the name micans to this species, but it is so well known by the
later name given by the same author, that it seems more proper not to make the change.

GROUP XVI.

A single species of a dull black colour above, with sericeous surface, but no metallic lus-
tre except in the impressions; the head is glabrous, finely granulate behind, somewhat
coarsely striate between the eyes, which are moderate in size; the labrum is yellowish
white, rather large, broadly prominent and rounded in the middle, with a small mid-
dle tooth. Palpipiceous, with the last joint black: labial palpi of the male pale with the
last joint black. Thorax cylindrical, finely alutaceous, not perceptibly granulate, and
with only a few very fine rugs. Elytra oblong, rounded behind and finely serrate, with
distinct sutural spine: not deeply but distinctly punctured, with a row of shallow foveze
towards the suture.

Body beneath blackish blue, with fine but not dense white hair toward the sides.

Resembles in many of the characters C. obsoleta, but by the form and sculpture it is
plainly allied to C. punctulata.

47. C. corvina nigra, opaca, sericea, fronte striolata, thorace quadrato, cylindrico, vix rugoso, ad latera
parce piloso, elytris immaculatis minus profunde cceruleo-punctatis, foveis ccerulescentibus versus suturam serie
impressis; subtus nigro-cyanea, lateribus subtilius albo-pilosis. Long. -48.

Northern Mexico, near the Rio Grande, Lieut. Haldeman. Though not known yet as

54 REVISION OF THE CICINDELZ OF THE UNITED STATES.

an inhabitant of our territory, I do not hesitate to introduce this species into our fauna,
believing that its range will be found to extend north of the Rio Grande.

GROUP XVII.

A group containing species of rather flat form, brown metallic colour and sericeous sur-
face, but specially remarkable for having the posterior lunule of the elytra represented by
a large submarginal spot, while the terminal part, or lunule proper, is entirely wanting.
The eyes are moderate, the head glabrous, finely granulate, striate near the eyes: labrum
one-toothed: maxillary palpi green-bronzed ; labial of both sexes pale with the last joint
bronzed. Thorax quadrate, hardly rounded on the sides, deeply impressed, more flat in
the female than in the male, alutaceous, not rugose or granulate. Elytra serrate at tip,
broadly rounded, with sutural spine distinct, punctures not deep, subsutural fovee not
very distinct ; with three marginal spots, one discoidal and one humeral round spot: be-
neath metallic blue, pubescent at the sides; abdomen of one species partly red. ‘Two spe-
cies of this group are known to me, both Mexican, of which one extends its range into Texas.

48. C. decostigma, obscura, fusco-anea, fronte utrinque striolata, thorace quadrato alutaceo, vix rugoso,
lateribus haud rotundatis parce albo-pilosis, eclytris punctatis ad apicem serratis, spina suturali parva, macula hu-
merali, tribus submarginalibus, alteraque discoidali inter secundam et postremam versus suturam, omnibus rotun-
datis albis: subtus cyanea, versus latera albo-pilosa, pleuris cupreis, labro albo unidentato; palpis labialibus sexus
utriusque pallidis articulo ultimo neo. Long. °5.

Chevr. Col. Mex. 1st cent. fase. 3.

Fredericksburg, Texas, and Tampico, Mexico, Lieut. Haldeman, Rio Bravo: Dr. Ber-
landiére. Very closely resembles C. flavopunctata Chevr.; but differs by its more
dull colour, by the suture not being brilliant cupreous, and the last two joints of the ab-
domen being bluish black instead of testaceous.

GROUP XVIII.

Moderately elongate species with sericeous surface and red abdomen. The labrum is
one-toothed ; the labial palpi of both sexes are pale at the base, the maxillary are dark
piceous at base. The head is glabrous striate each side. Thorax subquadrate, or sub-
cylindrical, slightly hairy toward the sides. Elytra conjointly rounded at the apex in
both sexes, and very obsoletely serrulate, moderately but not deeply punctured, with the
normal markings divided into spots; the medial band short, sometimes not interrupted,
usually (except in form 3,) in advance of its ordinary position; on the margin behind
the medial band, and on the dise just before the apical lunule are additional spots. The
legs are moderately long, and the dilated tarsi of the male moderate. The under surface
is moderately hairy at the sides of the trunk and abdomen, very sparsely hairy about the
thorax. There are three principal forms of which the second is found on rocky hills
while the first is maritime. The habits of the third are unknown to me.

REVISION OF THE CICINDELA OF THE UNITED STATES. 55

1. Thorax subquadrate ; colour greenish black. C. hemorrhagica.
2. Thorax subcylindric ; anterior spots of elytra large ; colour blackish brown.

3. Thorax subcylindric ; anterior spots of elytra wanting; colour blue. C. cumatilis.

49. C. hemorrhagica, cyaneo-nigra, sericea, capite thoraceque subtiliter granulatis, illo glabro versus oculos
subtilissime striolato, hoe quadrato ad latera parce piloso, elytris haud profunde punctatis postice rotundatis sub-
tiliter serrulatis, gutta humerali, altera sub-marginali antica, fascia oblique flexa ante medium, gutta marginali
pone medium lunulaque apicali antice inflexa et cum macula discoidali connexa albidis, his omnibus spe oblitera-
tis; subtus virescente-nigra, ad latera parce pilosa, abdomine rufo. Long. -48—-57.

Mas elytris parallelis.

Femina thorace planiusculo, elytris postice paulo latioribus.

Lec. Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. 5,171. Chaud. Bull. Mose. 1854.

San Diego, on the open ocean shore, June; abundant. The variety with immaculate
elytra is about as numerous as the type: the only intermediate form I have observed is
a specimen in which the marginal spots and the terminal lunule are all small, while the
middle band and posterior discoidal spot are of the normal size. Baron Chaudoir men-
tions that “in this species we find the Mexican type C. decostigma Chevr. (mexicana Klug,)
and flavyopunctata Chevr., from which it is very distinct; the former also inhabits Cali-
fornia.”

With this opinion of my learned correspondent, notwithstanding the resemblance in
the form of the thorax, I cannot entirely agree. The arrangement of the spots of the ely-
tra proves that the relations are rather with C. rufiventris, Hentzii, &c. than with C. de-
costigma: C. flavopunctata (which is really C. mexicana A’lug,) has one character of the
present group, in the abdomen being partly red, but to produce a similarity of spots, we
must obliterate the terminal lunule, replace the discoidal by a submarginal spot, and de-
stroy the marginal spot behind the oblique medial fascia.

50. C. Hentzii, fusco atra, capite thoraceque vix zeneo-variegatis subtiliter granulatis, illo utrinque striolato, hoe
parum rugoso subcylindrico, lateribus paulo rotundatis, elytris punctatis, postice rotundatis, subtiliter serrulatis,
lunula humerali seepe interrupta, fascia obliqua ante medium extrorsum cum linea marginali brevi cohwrente, ma-
cula marginali pone medium, lunulaque apicali antice cum macula discoidali connexa albis; subtus cyaneo-yiridis
ad latera albo-pilosa, abdomine toto rufo. Long. -42—-48.

Mas elytris fere parallelis; femina elytris postice paulo latioribus.

Dej. Sp. Gen. 5, 428 (Heutzii:) Lee. Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. 4, 182.

C. hemorrhotdalis || Hentz, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 3, 254; tab. 2, fig. 2: Harris, New Engl. Farmer, 7, 91;
Gould, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 1, 52; tab. 2, fig. 5.

Massachusetts, Dr. Harris. Precisely similar in form and sculpture to the next two
species, and indeed so closely connected with them that the three might properly be con-
sidered as races of one species. In this, however, the colour is almost black, the two dots
of the humeral lunule are connected at the margin; the middle band reaches the margin
and is dilated into a short line, which extends forwards; the marginal spot behind the me-

56 REVISION OF THE CICINDELA OF THE UNITED STATES.

dial fascia is sometimes connected also with this line ; finally, the under surface is blue and
green, without any admixture of copper.

51. C. 16-punctata, fusco-zenea, capite thoraceque viridi cupreoque variegatis, elytris cyaneo-punctatis, lunula
humerali interrupta, fascia obliqua ante medium extrorsum latiore, at marginem haud attingente, macula marginali
pone medium, lunulaque apicali cum macula discoidali seepe connexa albis, subtus ad latera albo-pilosa, ante-
pectore cyaneo, postpectore pedibusque cupreis, abdomine toto rufo. Long. -45.

Klug, Jahrb. fiir Insectenkunde, 32.

C. rubriventris Chevr. Col. Mex. 2nd cent.

New Mexico, collected at Frontera, on the Rio Grande by J. D. Clark, Esq., of the
Mexican Boundary Commission: in every respect except colour, and in the form of the
medial band of the elytra, which does not extend to the margin, it entirely agrees with C.
Hentzii.

52. C. rufiventris, atro-fusca, capite thoraceque eneo-varicgatis, elytris cyaneo-punctatis, punctis utrinque
sex (seepe obsoletis) lunulaque apicali tenui albis, subtus ad latera albo-pilosa, antepectore cyaneo, postpectore
pedibusque viridi-zneis, abdomine toto rufo. Long. -4—-45.

Dej. Sp. Gen. 1, 102.

Southern States, Maryland to Alabama, among the Alleghany Mountains. Only differs
from the two preceding by the spots of the elytra being very small, and sometimes entirely
wanting: the middle band is represented: by two spots, the outer one being remote from
the margin, and not larger than the inner one.

53. C. cumatilis, viridi-cyanea, capite subtiliter granulato, utrinque striolato, thorace subcylindrico, sub-
tiliter rugoso, ad latera parce piloso, elytris confertim haud profunde cyaneo-punctatis, foveisque versus sutu-
ram serie impressis, ad apicem rotundatis serrulatis, spina suturali prominula, puncto humerali, fascia media inter-
rupta oblique flexa marginem haud attingente, macula marginali pone medium, lunula apicali tenui, punctoque
postico discoidali albis, (seepe obliteratis, lunula sola apicali relicta ;) subtus cyanea ad latera parce pilosa, abdomine
toto rufo. Long. -43—-46.

Lec. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 5, 173. (Jan. 1852.)

C. Guexiana Chevr. Mag. et Revue de Zool. 1852, 424.

Shreveport, Louisiana, Mr. Guex: Creek Boundary, Dr. Woodhouse. Usually the mid-
dle band and posterior marginal and discoidal spots are represented by extremely small
white dots: the apical lunule appears to be always present, but is not inflexed.

GROUP XIX.

A species, above of a shining black colour, almost destitute of metallic lustre. Eyes
large and prominent; maxillary palpi piceous, but labial palpi pale at the base in both
sexes. Front glabrous with a few stria each side; labrum large, rounded, hardly toothed.
Thorax cylindrical, hardly rugous or granulate. Elytra slightly narrowed in front, very
faintly punctured, with a row of shallow fovew near the suture; apex broadly rounded
hardly serrate; the markings are a very narrow apical lunule and one or two dots about

REVISION OF THE CICINDELA OF THE UNITED STATES. 57)

the middle. Body beneath nearly glabrous, pubescent only on the coxa, and sides of the
postpectus and first and second joints of the abdomen; the latter is entirely red. The legs
are long, with the tarsi considerably longer than the tibiae; the anterior tarsi of the male
are very slightly dilated.

54. C. abdominalis, atra, subnitida, vix neo tincta, oculis magnis, capite utrinque parce striolato, thorage
subcylindrico fere levi, elytris convexis obsolete punctatis, foveisque cyaneis parum profundis serie impressis, ad
apicem vix serrulatis, gutta submarginali ad medium, altera discoidali pone medium (szepe obliteratis) lunulaque
tenui apicali albis ; subtus cyanea, coxis, pleuris abdominisque basi ad latera pilosis, abdomine toto rufo; labro
magno albo antice rotundato. Long. -35—-4.

Fabr. Syst. El. 1, 237: Herbst, Kafer, 10, 202: Dej. Sp. Gen. 1, 140: Lec. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 4, 183;
tab. 14, fig. 13.

Middle and Southern States (New Jersey, North Carolina, Georgia, Alabama ;) on sand

blackened by fire in pine forests.
GROUP XX.

An elongate species of an opaque greenish fuscous colour above, with little metallic lustre:
head glabrous, distinctly granulate, front finely striate, eyes moderate; labrum short, al-
most truncate, one-toothed; palpi, maxillary piceous with the last joint black bronzed,
labial pale, with the last joint also black bronzed. Thorax cylindrical, finely granulate
and rugous: elytra rounded at the tip, but not serrate, punctured, with a white submargi-
nal band reaching from the humerus to the tip, and slightly lobed internally, with two,
teeth representing the middle band and apical lunule. Beneath finely hairy on the
sides, abdomen rufo-testaceous at the margin and tip.

55. C. marginipennis, olivaceo-fusca, opaca, capite cyaneo-variegato, antice subtiliter striolato, thorace lati-
tudine longiore subeylindrico, ad latera parce piloso, elytris punctatis, haud serratis spina suturali parva, vitta
rubmarginali integra intus lobata et breviter bidentata alba ornatis ; subtus cupreo-zenea, lateribus pilosis, abdomine
rufo-testaceo, segmentis primis duobus medio nigris; labro brevi unidentato, palpis articulo ultimo nigro-zeneo,
maxillaribus piceis, labialibus pallidis. Long. -46—-53.

Dej. Sp. Gen. 5, 260: Lec. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 4, 182; tab. 14, fig. 11.

Found on the shores of the Susquehanna River, below the bridge at Harrisburg, Penn-
sylvania, in the month of June.

GROUP XXI.

Elongate species, sometimes of large size, having the eyes very large and prominent; the
labrum is either one-toothed or three-toothed; the middle tooth of the mandibles is con-
spicuously smaller than the others; the palpi are pale with black tips in the male, and
sometimes also in the female. The thorax is more or less rounded on the sides. The
elytra are punctured, the markings are either marginal spots, or a broad slightly lobed
margin, which is confluent with the edge, at least towards the apex. The apex is some-

VOL. xI1.—8

58 REVISION OF THE CICINDELA OF THE UNITED STATES.

what obliquely narrowed, and very finely serrate, the sutural spine is distinct, but in the
females known to me the suture is more or less retracted, and the tips are separately round-
ed. Body beneath densely hairy on the sides, anus testaceous or piceous. ‘Tarsi of the
male very slightly dilated.

Of this group are known to me three principal forms, which might almost form distinct

groups.

_

. Front glabrous, deeply striate; elytra with a marginal spot and apical lunule. C. severa.

2. Front glabrous, finely striate; elytra with broad white margin. C. circumpicta, preetextata.

. Front densely pubescent; elytra with broad white margin. C. togata.

6. C. severa, olivacea, vel viridi-nigra, subnitida, capite thoraceque fere politis, illo glabro utrinque valde
striato, hoe parce rugoso, convexo lateribus rotundato, elytris ad apicem subtilissime serrulatis, antice fortiter,

postice obsoletius punctatis, gutta marginali ad medium lunulaque apicali antice inflexa albis; subtus viridi-zenca,

ow bk

qn

lateribus pilosis, ano vel obscuro vel testaceo; labro acute tridentato. Long. -57—-7.

Mas elytris cylindricis, sutura prominula, palpis pallidis articulo ultimo nigro-zeneo.

Femina elytris planiusculis, sutura parum retracta, palpis maxillaribus basi piceis.

La Ferté, Revue Zoologique, 1841, 41.

Texas and New Mexico: the male, although unique, was very liberally given me by Dr.
Schaum: the female was found at Tampico by Lieut. Haldeman.

57. C. circumpicta, olivacea sub-nitida, capite vix rugoso-granulato, utrinque subtilius striato, thorace con-
vexo, lateribus valde rotundatis, vix parce rugoso, elytris fortius punctatis, ad apicem subtilissime serrulatis, mar-
gine late albo, intus lobato, et ad medium oblique unidentato; subtus obscure viridi-zenea, lateribus pube densa
depressa yestitis, abdomine ad apicem nigro-piceo, labro tridentato. Long. -55.

La Ferté, Revue Zoologique, 1841, 39; 193.

Texas: the only specimen I have seen was a male, which was most kindly sent to me

by Prof. Lacordaire.

58. C. pretextata, fusco-anea, vel cuprea, subtiliter granulata, haud nitida, capite utrinque subtiliter striato,
thorace dorso minus convexo, lateribus paulo rotundatis, albo-pilosis, elytris punctatis ad apicem subtilissime serru-
latis, margine lato albo intus valde lobato, ad medium ramo brevi obliquo lato emittente albis; subtus viridi-zenea
pube densa alba vestita, pectore abdomineque medio glabris, ano testaceo; labro unidentato. Long. -50.

Lec. Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 7, 220.

Mas sutura prominula, palpis pallidis articulo ultimo eneo.

Femina sutura valde retracta, palpis maxillaribus ad basin piceo-testaceis.

Collected by Dr. Thos. H. Webb, of the Mexican Boundary Commission, and probably
found in the valley of the Gila.

59. C. togata, fusco-cuprea, granulata, haud nitida, capite thoraceque albo-pubescentibus, hoc lateribus rotun-
datis, elytris valde punctatis margine latissime albo intus trilobato, ad apicem serrulatis; subtus viridi-zenea, pube
densa alba vestita, pectore abdomineque medio glabris, ano testaceo, labro unidentato. Long. -44.

La Ferté, Revue Zoologique, 1841, 40.

Texas, Dr. Schaum; Tampico, Lieut. Haldeman. The female is unknown to me.

REVISION OF THE CICINDELA OF THE UNITED STATES. 59

GROUP XXII.

A very slender species, having the eyes very large and prominent, the head densely pu-
bescent; the labrum short, slightly advanced in the middle and hardly perceptibly one-
toothed; the palpi pale, with dark tips. The thorax is cylindrical, densely pubescent,
with two subglabrous dorsal vittee. The elytra are white, the suture (slightly dilated in
three places) metallic: the apex is obliquely narrowed and slightly sinuate (in the male,)
and very finely serrate. ‘The whole under surface is densely clothed with depressed
white hair: the legs are extremely long, the tarsi being one half longer than the tibia:
the claws are very large; the anterior tarsi of the male, though densely hairy beneath,
are very slightly dilated. Scems related to group xu., but abundantly distinct.

60. C. gratiosa, valde elongata, eneo-cuprea, capite thoraceque dense niveo-pilosis, hoe elongato, cylindrico
vittis duabus dorsalibus subglabris, elytris ad apicem (maris) oblique subsinuatis, subtilissime serrulatis, niveis,
vitta suturali breviter triramosa cuprea opaca; subtus virescens undique dense niveo-pubescens, antennis pedi-
busque longissimis, unguiculis magnis, labro brevi albo medio paulo prominulo, vix obsolete unidentato. Long. -4.

Guérin, Rey. Zool. 1840, 37. :

Pensacola, Florida; the only specimen in his collection was most liberally given me by
Dr. Schaum. .

GROUP XXIII.

A very small cylindrical species, of bright metallic colour, with red legs. The labrum
is moderately large, rounded in front and feebly bisinuate in the middle, with one very
small tooth; it thus appears subtridentate: the head is glabrous, densely striate each side:
the eyes are large and prominent. The palpi are pale with black tips. The thorax is cylin-
drical, slightly hairy on the sides. The elytra are strongly punctured, with a white vitta
far removed from the margin, and slightly lobed internally, extending from the humerus
to the tip, where it bends around to the suture: tip obliquely-narrowed (in the male)
and slightly serrate. Body beneath hairy on the sides; anus testaceous. Anterior tarsi
of the male very slightly dilated.

61. C. lemniscata, elongata, cylindrica, supra fulgente-cuprea, capite thoraceque viridi-variegatis, granula-
tis et rugosis, ilo utrinque fortius striato, hoc cylindrico, utrinque parce piloso, elytris fortiter dense punctatis, cy-
lindricis ad apicem oblique angustatis, subserrulatis, vitta integra alba discoidali intus pone medium bilobata, et
ad apicem ad suturam ambiente ornatis: subtus cyaneo-viridis, lateribus usque ad anum testaceum albopilosis,
pedibus rufis; labro albo antice rotundato, medio obsolete subtridentato; palpis pallidis articulo ultimo zneo.
Long. ‘31.

Lec. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 7, 220.

Found by Dr. Webb of the Boundary Commission, and ‘probably from the valley of the
Gila.

GROUP XXIV.

Two very small species of dull serigeous surface, without humeral angles. Head large,
glabrous, eyes very prominent, front much striate each side. Labrum moderate, rounded

60 REVISION OF THE CICINDELA OF THE UNITED STATES.

in front, with a prominent medial tooth limited each side by a slight incisure, palpi pale
at the base in both sexes. Thorax long, cylindrical, slightly narrowed behind, with faint
transverse impressions, sides finely sparsely pubescent. Elytra narrowed in front, humeral
angles none; tip rounded, not serrate, sutural spine large, retracted in the female, promi-
nent in the male; coarsely punctured, sparsely clothed with short hair: the markings are
a very narrow apical lunule, a discoidal dot and marginal line representing together the
medial band, and in one species an anterior discoidal dot, which is the tip of the humeral
lunule, or in the other species a very slender imperfect lunule. Wings rudimentary, unfit
for flight. Body beneath hairy at the sides, anus testaceous; legs very long, anterior tarsi
of the male feebly dilated.

62. C. celeripes, fusco-znea, obscura, sericea, capite thoraceque granulato-rugosis, illo utrinque fortius striato,
oculis maximis, hoe cylindrico, latitudine sesqui longiore, postice subangustato, lateribus rectis parce pilosis, elytris
fortiter punctatis, antrorsum angustatis, humeris nullis, ad apicem late rotundatis haud serratis, spina suturali
magna, guttis utrinque discoidalibus (ad trientem a basi et apice positis) posteriore interiore, linea marginali ad
medium, lunulaque apicali tenui albis; subtus viridi-znea, lateribus albo-pilosis, trochanteribus anoque testaceis ;
labro albo antice rotundato, medio bisinuato et unidentato, palpis sexus utriusque ad basin pallidis. Long. -3—-35.

Mas sutura integra; femina sutura retracta.

Lee. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 4, 183; tab. 14, fig. 14.

Found near the branches of the Kansas River, and between the latter and the Platte:
in the month of May I found it extremely abundant, and a further suite of specimens from
Fort Riley I owe to the kindness of Dr. Wm. A. Hammond, U. §. A. Specimens occur in
which the discoidal dots are wanting, and only the apical lunule and marginal line re-
main white; sometimes even the latter disappears.

Nearly allied, but perhaps only a variety, is the species indicated by me (Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sc. 6, 66) upon a single elytron brought from the Creek Boundary by Dr. Woodhouse :
the punctures are not so large or so deep, the pubescence, if any existed, has been removed
by the alcohol in which it was preserved: the humeral lunule is slender, curved, and entire;
the marginal line sends off an internal branch at the middle running towards the discoidal
spot, and the apical lunule is rectangularly inflexed at its anterior extremity. Among
the specimens sent by Dr. Hammond is one, however, which corresponds exactly with the
elytron above mentioned : in form it agrees exactly with C. celeripes, and by close imspec-
tion a few hairs may yet be perceived on the elytra, the punctures are less deep, and the
tibiee, tarsi, and tip of the femora are testaceous with green metallic lustre. On this ac-
count I am induced to separate it as a distinct species.

63. C. cursitans, elongata, eneo-fusea, sericea, elytris modice punctatis subglabris, antrorsum angustatis, lu-
nula humerali antice abbreviata postice inflexa, cum linea marginali iuncta, hoe ramulo ad medium emittente, ver-
sus guttam dorsalem tendente, lunulaque apicali tenui antice inflexa albis; subtus viridi-cyanea lateribus albo-pilosis,
ano obseuro, trochanteribus, femorum apice, tibiis tarsisque plus minusye testaceis. Long. -34.

One female, Fort Riley, Dr. Hammond.

REVISION OF THE CICINDELA OF THE UNITED STATES. 61

SPECIES UNKNOWN TO ME.

rr

1. ‘C. decemnotata, green above, tinged with cupreous; elytra margined with bright green or bluish; four
white spots and an intermediate refracted band.’

Say, Am. Ent. pl. 18; Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. 1, 19.

‘Labrum three-toothed, white; mandibles black, base white: elytra with a white spot
on the shoulder, another equidistant from the first and the band: band broad, arising
from the middle of the margin, refracted at the centre of the elytron, and terminated near
the suture in a line with the tip of the third spot: this spot is large, orbicular, and
placed near the external tip of the terminal one, which is transverse and triangular;
body beneath green, trochanters and tail purple.’ Length three-fifths of an inch nearly.

Mr. Nuttall; found on the Missouri River above the confluence of the Platte. Seems
allied to C. purpurea (race limbalis or amoena) or to C. patruela, but is evidently distin-
guished from each by the middle band being more deflexed.

IL. ‘C. limbata, elytra white, suture oblique line and dot green, exterior and basal edge bluish. Length less

than half an inch.’
Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. 1, 141.

‘Body green, varied with blue and purple, and with cinereous hair: antennae black at
tip, labrum and exterior and superior base of the mandibles white: thorax hairy each
side, indented lines violaceous; elytra white, a green sutural vitta narrowed behind, an
oblique irregular line behind the middle, and a small triangular dot before the middle
green; exterior edge and basal edge, bluish green or violaceous; beneath hairy; venter
purplish. This species, at first sight, resembles C. dorsalis, but is very distinct in its
marking and in the form of its thorax. Found on the Nebraska and Arkansas Rivers.’

This species does not seem allied to any that I have seen.

TI. ‘C. terricola, black; a white line at the tip of the elytra. Length more than two-fifths of an inch.’

Say, Long’s Expedition to St. Peter’s River, 2, 268.

‘Inhabits North West Territory. Body destitute of metallic lustre; labrum white,
breadth more than twice the length, tip three-toothed, intermediate tooth conic acute,
the lateral teeth angulated obtuse: mandibles white on the exterior base: thorax a little
hairy : elytra with scattered very minute punctures, which are oblique, as if formed by a
pointed instrument directed towards the anterior part of the insect, so that the surface be-
fore each puncture is a little elevated; a white line margins the extremity; venter
blackish-testaceous. This species is closely allied to C. pusilla, but the marking of the
elytra differs, and the thorax is not so much contracted at base, and is more closely affixed

to the abdomen.’

C. triguttata Herbst, Kafer, 10, 182, tab. 172, fig. 5. Unless this is one of the varieties of C. punctu-
lata, it is not North American.

C. obseura Fabr. is the European C. germanica, Erichson, (Kafer Mark Brand. 3.)

62 REVISION OF THE CICINDELA OF THE UNITED STATES.

CG. cerulea || Herbst, Kafer, 10, 182, tab. 172, fig. 4. (C. Kunzii Gistl.) as stated by Erichson, is also a
variety of C. germanica.
C. venosa Kollar, Ann. Wien. Mus. 1, 330, as I am informed by Dr. Schaum is C. nitida Dej.

A PP ND eX

10—11. C. viatica, cyaneo-viridis, fronte utrinque striata medio punctata et pilosa, capite thoraceque subti-
lius minus dense rugosis, hoc conyexo lateribus rotundato, postice paulo angustato, elytris haud profunde punctatis,
punctis postice fere obliteratis, puncto humerali strigaque breyi transversa ad medium albis, ad apicem subtiliter
serrulatis spina suturali parva: subtus cyanea parce albo-pilosa, labro (feminz) albo, antice obsolete tridentato.
Long. “46.

Chevr. Col. Mex. 2nd cent. no. 180.

Sonora, Mr. Arthur Schott; one specimen. While these sheets were passing through
the press, a valuable collection made by Mr. Schott during his concluding field labours on
the Boundary between the United States and Mexico has been submitted to me by the
kindness of the Commissioner, Major W. H. Emory: and in it, with many most beautiful
species of other genera, occurred the present interesting addition to our fauna.

This species resembles in form and colour C. sex guttata, but differs from it by the
less densely rugose thorax, the less deeply punctured elytra, and the pilose front. It
seems in fact to be most nearly related to the sexguttata group, tending towards the pre-
ceding group, in C. rugifrons, from which it is obviously distinguished by the serrate elytra,
and less robust form; from both groups it differs by the very slightly marked teeth of the
labrum.

This species should therefore form a new group immediately before V. characterized as
follows: .

Thorax convex, sparsely rugous; front striate, pilose; elytra finely serrulate, not deep-
ly punctured, markings very imperfect.

GROUP VI.

On renewed examination, with a very powerful lens, I find that the tips of the elytra
of C. splendida and limbalis are not absolutely free from scrratures. In the former espe-
cially the serration may be perceived in most specimens, but individuals of both species occur
in which almost every trace of serration has vanished.. In the groups 1—1y., even with
the powerful lens, the edge appears perfectly smooth.

27—28. C. californica. By the kind attention of Mr. Menétriés, I have
received, since the printing of the preceding pages, a diagram of an elytron of his
species, which I have here reproduced in a wood cut. The markings are quite
distinct from any known to me; Mr. Ménétriés informs me in his letter that the

labrum has only a single tooth. The species must be placed either in group VIII.
or IX.

37,

¢

64. abdominalis, 57.
5. albilabris, 33.
26. albohirta, 43.
13. amena, 37.

15. Ancocisconensis, 38.

42. ascendens, 51.

14. Audubonii, 37.

25. baltimorensis, 43.
(biramosa, 31.

38. blanda, 49.

39. dlanda, 49, 50.
(boops, 31.

27’. californica, 44, 62.

(campestris, 29, 36.

(Candei, 30.
(capensis, 30.
62. celeripes, 60.
(chinensis, 29.
30. cinctipennis, 45.
67. circumpicta, 58.
(coerulea, 62.
12. consentanea, 36.
47. corvina, 53.
53. cumatilis, 56.
37. cuprascens, 49,
63. cursitans, 60,
(curvata, 50.
81. cyanella, 46.

I. decemnotata, 61.
48, decostigma, 54.
8. denticulata, 35.
(desertorum, 29.
(dignoscenda, 30.

(distans, 30.

bo
or
:

13.
I.
6.

INDEX OF SPECIES.

. dorsalis, 46.

(dromicoides, 31.

. duodecimguttata, 42.
. duodecimguttata, 41.
(fasciatopunctata, 33.

(fatidica, 29,
(flavopunctata, 54.

. formosa, 39.
21. fulgida, 40.

generosa, 39.

(germanica, 62.

. gratiosa, 59.

. gravida, 43.

- Guexiana, 56.

. guttifera, 42.

. hemorrhoidalis, 55.
. hemorrhagica, 55.
. Hentzii, 55.

. hirticollis, 43.

hirticollis, 43.
(Hypzxrna, 28.

. imperfecta, 45.

(ismenia, 33.

(Kunzei, 62.

. lacerata, 48.

(lateralis, 40.

- latesignata, 39.
- Lecontei, 34.

. lemniscata, 59.
. lepida, 51.

limbalis, 36.
limbata, 61.
longilabris, 33.
(luctuosa, 29.

(lugubris, 29.

89, macra, 50.

18, 14. marginalis, 37.

36. marginata, 48.

65. marginipennis, 57.

33, media, 47.
(mexicana, 55.
46, micans, 53.

8. modesta, 35.

10. nigroceerulea, 35.
(nitida, 62.
(nivea, 30.

17. obliquata, 39.

20. obliquata, 40.

8. obscura, 35.

(obscura, 62.

2. obsoleta, 32.

1. odsoleta, 31.
22. oregona, 41.
12. patruela, 36.
58. preetextata, 58.

1. prasina, 31.
24. Proteus, 42.

6. pulchra, 34.
46. punctulata, 53.
14. purpurea, 37, 62.
29. pusilla, 45.

(quadrilineata, 28.

25. repanda, 43.
(rotundicollis, 33,
51. rubriventris, 56.
62. rufiventris, 56.
8. rugifrons, 34.
(Ruppellii, 31.

44, 45.

. Saulcyi, 47.

. scutellaris, 35,

- sedecimpunctata, 56.
. Serpens, 51.

. Severa, 58.

. Sexguttata, 36,

. sexgutlata, 37.

. Sigmoidea, 52.

. signata, 47.

. sperata, 50,

. splendida, 36, 62.
- spreta, 37.

. tarsalis, 49.

. tenuisignata, 44.
. terricola, 61.

. togata, 58.

. tortuosa, 52.

(tricolor, 29.
trifasciata, 52.
(triguttata, 61.
(trinotata, 61.

. unicolor, 35.

unipunctata, 32.

5. unita, 43.
. variegata, 48.

(venosa, 62.

. venusta, 39.
. venusta, 47.
- Viatica, 62.
. violacea, 36.
. vulgaris, 40.

. vulturina, 32.

(Zwickii, 30.

see
Am. Phil. Soc 2°4Series Vol. XI.

Lith & Printed by J

—_- 9

;
:
3

Mee tC LE XXVIII:
(From the American Philosophical Transactions, Vol X.)

Revision of the Elatcride of the United States. By John EL, Le Conte, M.D. Read October
. 21st, 1853.

Berore proceeding to the consideration of the characters by which I have been guided
in my endeavour to classify the large group of Coleopterous insects herein treated of, it
will be proper to allude briefly to what has been already done in relation to this branch
of entomology.

After the separation of Eucnemis by Ahrens, Pyrophorus by Iiliger, and a few other
genera by various entomologists, the first person who seems to have been convinced of
the necessity of a systematic division of the great Linnean genus Elater, was Eschscholtz.
This excellent naturalist published, in Thon’s Entomologisches Archiv for 1829, a synop-
tic table of the divisions established upon the species then known to him. Finding, with
more extensive researches, the imperfection of the views there given, he afterwards de-
vised another table of genera, based chiefly upon the study of the species in the collection
of Count Dejean.

Being prevented by death from concluding his labours, this table remained in a manu-
script form for several years, but was eventually published by Mr. Laporte in the fourth
volume of Silbermann’s Revue Entomologique. Mr. Laporte took occasion, at the same
time, to add several new genera to those of Eschscholtz.

The next addition, to our knowledge of the classification of this family, is due to La-
treille, who, however, also died before concluding his investigations; the imperfect results
of which, unfortunately in a very confused form, are published, as a posthumous memoir,
in the third volume of the first series of the Annales de la Société Entomologique de
France.

In the first volume of his Zeitschrift fiir Entomologie, Germar reprinted all of Esch-
scholtz’s synoptic table, that relates to genuine Elaterid, and then proceeded to the con-
sideration of separate groups of genera; admitting, however, that these groups, founded
upon some ideas of Eschscholtz on the value of the lobes of the tarsal joints, were purely
artificial, but confessing that until the isolated genera were more fully defined, nothing
could be done towards a natural classification: a view repeated by Erichson in his mono-
graph of Elaters with pectinate tarsal claws, in the third volume of the same work.

406 REVISION OF THE ELATERIDE

Several of these artificial groups were elaborated by the editor, in the fivé volumes of
the work just mentioned, while Erichson lent his assistance by monographing those with
serrate ungues, and those with truncate prosternal spine.

A number of artificial genera have been constructed by various entomologists, who,
however, with the exception of Kirby, in the Fauna Boreali Americana, have not suggested
any ideas respecting the classification of the species.*

The genera found in Austria have been carefully described by Redtenbacher in his
Fauna Austriaca, but unfortunately with the tendency to adopt the large number of
genera founded by Eschscholtz on unimportant characters.

The group of Eucnemides has been revised as a separate family, by Mr. Guérin, in
the Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, (ser. 2d., vol. 1,) where numerous very
gross errors of Mr. Laporte are corrected.

More recently, Mr. Solier, in the fauna of Chili by Claudio Gay, has described a
Jarge number of South American species, which he has distributed into a large number of
new genera founded upon the form of the mandibles, mentum, and the proportions of the
joints of the antenne. As no reference is made to the labours of previous investigators,
and as care is taken to avoid all mention of the parts of the body, which served as the
basis of earlier classifications, the result of this has been to produce confusion, which can
only be removed by the comparison of the actual types of the genera established by
Mr. Solier with those already known. I may also add, from the study of our native
species, that the characters upon which Mr. Solier relies, especially those derived
from the form of the mandibles, are difficult to perceive, and when perceived are of no
value, since they vary in species which are certainly closely allied. I am happy to con-
firm my own opinion about this matter, by that already expressed by my friend, Dr.
Schaum, in his report on the progress of Entomology during 1851, in 'Troschel’s Archiv.
From the impossibility of identifying any of Mr. Solier’s genera, I have avoided express-
ing any opinion of them in the following pages.

Such being a brief sketch of the previous investigations made in this family, I have next
to return my grateful acknowledgments to Dr. Melsheimer for the kind assistance ren-
dered me by the loan of the typical specimens of all the species described by him: and to
Dr. T. W. Harris for the loan of several types of species described by Say, and, also,
for several very interesting nondescript species from his collection.

The descriptions in the following pages are usually diagnoses of the species, as the spe-
cific characters in most of the genera are very clear and well-defined. In the genera Pe-
detes, Elater, and Cratonychus, such is not the case, the species being difficult of recogni-
tion, even when typical specimens are before the student. Long and Iaboured descrip-
tions in such cases are of no avail, and only tend to confuse; in those genera, I have
thought it better to make the diagnosis include a description of all those parts of the body,
which, after close comparison of ail the species, I have found subject to change of form

* Tn the first volume of the Zoological Journal, there is a Monograph of Cebrionide, by Mr. W. E. Leach, in which
several species are noted as occurring in North America. As it is unfortunately not possible to recognise any of them,
the essay will not be referred to in the following pages.

a

+
<
,

OF THE UNITED STATES. 407

or sculpture If, consequently, any doubt still remains in the determination of the species,
it results from the inherent difficulty of the subject, which would not be removed by a
greater amount of detail.

Proceeding now to the principles employed in the classification of the species, we must
first inquire into the natural limits of the group.

The family of Elateridze has always been considered as closely allied to the Buprestidae,
in which also the prosternum is prolonged posteriorly and received into the excavated me-
sosternum; nevertheless, on comparison, great differences are found: in the Buprestidz,
although the anterior cox are small and globular, the acetabula in which they are re-
ceived are composed partly of the epimera of the mesothorax, while in Elateride the ace-
tabula, although open posteriorly, are confined to the prosternum; the prothorax thus ac-
quires a greater degree of mobility than is seen in the Buprestid: the same structure is
seen in the Throscites that has been just noticed in the Buprestide. Other differences
are seen in the structure of the abdomen: the suture between the first and second seg-
ments is more or less obliterated in Buprestidz, while in all Elaterid it is as distinct as
the other sutures.

From the other groups of serricorn pentamerous Coleoptera, the Elateride are distin-
guished by the small globular anterior coxz and the prolonged prosternum. The combi-
nation then of the four following characters will define the family, as understood by me:

Coxze anticz parvee rotundatz, non contigue in prosterno site, acetabulis postice hientibus; pros-
ternum pone coxas productum, precipue mucronatum, in mesosterno excavato receptum; abdomen
suturis ventralibus omnibus distinctis; tarsi 5-articulati.

This definition includes the so-called families of Eucnemides and Cebrionides, which
differ by unimportant characters, from the genuine Elaterides. The value of these cha-
racters will be presently discussed. Accompanying the four essential characters above
given, there are others of great constancy, such as:

The antenne are serrate, flabellate, or pectinate, rarely subfiliform, never clavate, or
capitulate; in the males only of certain Eucnemides are the terminal joints enlarged, but
they always preserve their serricorn type. The eyes are round, (in Perothops alone are they
slightly oval,) and never emarginate; the antennz are inserted in fovez, the upper mar-
gins of which are more or less defined, usually under the side of the front, immediately in
front of the eyes; in Eucnemides the fovea becomes a sinus, which contracts the front at
the middle, and the antennz approach each other, thus becoming farther removed from
the eyes. The mandibles are usually small and retracted; in Cebrionides they are longer
and prominent; the labrum is distinct in the true Elaterides, indistinct in the other groups;
the prosternum is lobed in nearly all of the true Elaterides; not lobed in Campylus, Oes-
todes, Eucnemides, and Cebrionides; the head is deflexed, and the mouth entirely covered
in the Eucnemides (except Melasis and Tharops;) it is applied against the lobe of the
prosternum, and consequently moderately deflexed in most Elaterides; not deflexed, but
free in Campylus, Oestodes, and in the Cebrionides; the posterior thighs are retractile
under the dilated plates of the coxs, except in Cerophytum, where the coxal plates are
obsolete; the plate is slightly emarginate, and usually toothed at the internal angle, thus

VoL. X.—69.

408 REVISION OF THE ELATERID

exposing slightly the articulation; in the Eucnemides (except Anclastes) the margin is re-
gular, and the articulation entirely concealed; the abdomen has only five ventral seg-
ments, except in Cebrio and an allied genus, where the fifth joint is truncate and the sixth
becomes prominent. ‘The femora articulate at the apex of the trochanters, which are thus
fulerant; the tarsi are never much dilated, occasionally furnished with membraneous lobes
beneath, and usually pubescent; the fifth joint is slender with two equal claws, varying in
form, and usually with a small intermediate appendage terminated by two seta. ‘The
tibie are usually slender, never fossorial, rarely compressed; in one genus, allied to Ce-
brio, a tendency to the fossorial form is shown.

The mentum is small, trapezoidal, and inflexed; the base of the maxilla exposed; the
latter have two distinct lobes, the outer one is never palpiform; the last joint of the max-
illary palpi is usually dilated, and larger than the preceding; in Tharops and Melasis,
however, the terminal joint is oval and pointed, and not much larger than the one before
it; in Adrastus alone, of the true Elaterides, it is long and acuminate; and, finally, in the
Cebrionides it is cylindrical and truncate; the labial palpi are very small except in the
Cebrionides.

From this detail of characters, we would at first be inclined to select for the definition
of our three primary groups, (admitting them to be three in number,) the insertion of the
antenna, and the structure of the abdomen, as being those of probably the greatest value.
Genera are soon found, however, in which all the other characters of Cebrio are found,
and which have the abdomen constructed as in other Elaterides; the form of the mandi-
bles is obviously a character of too little value for a primary division; we are thus forced
to divide the entire family into two great groups: Eucnemides, having the antenne in-
serted in a sinus, and somewhat approximated, and the clypeus dilated anteriorly ; Elaterides,
having the antenne inserted at the margin of the eyes, under the front, which is not dila-
ted anteriorly, and not narrowed at the middle.

The Eucnemides contain three distinct types: Melasis, with the small acute terminal
joint to the maxillary palpi, the imperfectly protected mouth, and the hardly approximated
antenne; Eucnemis, with moderately approximate antenne, and convex deflexed front;
Cerophytum, with closely approximate antenne, and somewhat gibbous front.

The Elaterides divide naturally into two groups: the true Elaterides, with small re-
tracted mandibles, and small labial palpi; and the Cebrionides, with long porrected man-
dibles, and cylindrical palpi, all of which are moderately elongated.

These tribes, with the exception of the true Elaterides, are so small, that their resolu-
tion into genera is attended with no difficulty: it is very different, however, with that
large and difficult group, nor have any previous attempts to arrange its contents been
attended with any success.

On examining the other groups, with a view to ascertain whether any light could be
gained from them, I found, in the genuine Eucnemides, a remarkable correspondence in
the elongated basal joint of the antenna, and’ the absence of any tooth at the internal
part of the coxal plates: the genus Anelastes makes the only exception. to this latter cha-
racter; and the various places given to that curious genus by different authors sufficiently

9

OF THE UNITED STATES. 409

prove its anomalous nature; the tarsi, although lobed occasionally, are never inflated, or
tufted beneath, as in some Elaterides; the mesosternum is similarly constructed in all the
genera: I was, therefore, led to regard these as characters of importance, and to try
what might be produced by their application to the large and complicated group of genuine
Elaters; by this means I obtained three sets:

1. Species having the tarsi uniformly pubescent, sometimes lobed; the prosternum with a long and
sharp spine; the mesosternum never protuberant; the antennz never received in grooves.

These comprise the greater number of ordinary Elaters, and may be divided according to the length
of the first joint of the antennz, and the form of the coxal plates into several smaller groups, and,
finally, into genera, as will be seen hereafter. ;

2, Species having the tarsi more densely pubescent in the form of tufts beneath, never lobed, but
frequently swelled out; the mesosternum frequently prominent; the prosternum always lobed, and
always armed with a long spine.

These are mostly large species, not so variable in the form of the front or coxal plates as the pre-
ceding group, but containing three forms, which, although not having an exact uniformity of struc-
ture, are related to each other, and are distinguished by strong contrasts from those of the first group.

a. Those in which the antenne are received in deep grooves.
6. Those having luminiferous vesicles on the thorax.
ce. Those haying a prominent mesosternum.

3. Small species in which the mesosternum is also somewhat prominent, but the spine of the pros-
ternum is short and suddenly truncate. The tarsi are pubescent, and their fourth joint is occasion-
ally lobed. ‘This contains only one genus: Cardiophorus.

With regard to the affinity of this family, I have but little to say: the earlier states of
the animal will perhaps give us more information; but the time has not yet come for any
rational systematic arrangement of the families of Coleoptera among themselves. We
are yet too little acquainted with the comparative value of characters to subordinate the
relations properly: the results thus far obtained have certainly been very imperfect, and
I fear that while the zeal for making known isolated species and genera continues as
great as at present, that the time is far distant when any definite results may be expected.

The relation between Buprestidae and Elateridé has been very much exaggerated, on
account of the ease with which the form of the prosternum enables these families to be
distinguished from all others with pentamerous tarsi. ‘The only other evidence of such
affinity rests in the resemblance between the larva of Melasis, and that of Buprestidee;
from other grounds, I have great doubt of the propriety of retaining Melasis and 'Tharops
in this family; but as I do not know where else they can be placed, it seems necessary
for the present to leave them where they have been placed by others.

The form and structure of the larve point more clearly to a relation with the Tenebrio-
nidz: and Melandryadx; but, besides many other characters, these families differ essen-
tially in having the posterior tarsi of the imago four-jointed. The resemblance, in ex-
ternal appearance as well as in the general arrangement of the parts of the mouth, is,
however, very considerable between some of the genera, and certain Melandryade, such
as Orchesia. The development of the affinities, which exist in that direction, cannot be
done, until a thorough revision of the Tenebrionidee, with a division into groups upon ra-

410 REVISION OF THE ELATERIDE

tional characters, has been made: a Herculean task which might terrify the most adven-
turous, but which the voluminous and widely-scattered memoirs of Mr. Soher have ren-
dered still more necessary.

The schewe of arrangement, into primary divisions, above indicated, is as follows:—

Subfam. I. EUCNEMIDES.
Antenne in sinubus inserte; clypeus antice dilatatus; labrum indistinctum; abdomen
d-articulatum: prosternum antice non vel vix Jobatum.

Div. 1. Melasides.

Antenne fere distantes; palpi maxillares articulo ultimo ovali acuto.

Div. 2. Euenemides (genuini.)

Antenne approximate; palpi maxillares articulo ultimo magno, dilatato; ungues non

pectinati.
Div. 3. Cerophytides.

Antenne valde approximate; palpi maxillares articulo ultimo magno dilatato; ungues

pectinati.
Subfam. 1. ELATERIDES.
Antenne in foveis lateralibus, sub fronte insertze; clypeus antice non dilatatus.

Div. 4. Elaterides (genuini.)
Mandibulx parvee, labrum distinctum; abdomen 5-articulatum; palpi labiales breves,
maxillares articulo ultimo maiore preecipue dilatato: prosternum precipue lobatum.

Div. 5. Cebrionides.
Mandibulz elongate, porrectze; labrum indistinctum; prosternum non lobatum; abdo-
men spe 6-articulatum; palpi omnes longiusculi, articulo ultimo cylindrico, truncato.

N. B.—The Catalogue of the described Coleoptera of the United States, by Dr. Mel-
sheimer, being intended merely as an index to descriptions, has not been quoted in this
essay for any changes in nomenclature there introduced, as if retained, without special
reason and reference, they were intended as mere suggestions, and not as contributions
to science.

Div. 1. MELASIDES.

I have constructed this group from two genera, Melasis and Tharops, which differ from
Eucnemis by the following characters :—

The head is large, so that the eyes, which are small, become entirely disengaged from
the thorax; the antenne are inserted in emarginations of the clypeus, but are more widely
separated at the base than in EKucnemides: the clypeus is emarginate anteriorly in one
genus, but the labrum is indistinct: the last joint of the maxillary palpi is oval and acute,
very little larger than the preceding joint: the prothorax beneath is truncate, the suture

OF THE UNITED STATES. 411

of the prosternum does not reach the anterior angles of the thorax, but is continued di-
rectly to the apexal margin of the inflexed portion.

The mandibles, although short, trigonal, and without any tooth, are more prominent
than in the genuine Eucnemides: the anterior margin of the sinus for the antenne is very
distinct, and even elevated, but the posterior margin is obliterated in one of the genera
(Tharops.) The margin of the prosternum does not seem to abut against the mandibles,
so as to enclose and protect the mouth as in the two other divisions of the Eucnemides:
the gula is corneous, and extends as far back as the sides of the head, which, though de-
flexed, is really inserted by a narrow neck: the anterior margin of the prosternum is fur-
nished with a large inflexed membranous portion, abutting against the gula, and supported
by two corneous pillars. I have very great doubts whether this division should be in-
cluded in the present family, but as I have not yet discovered any other place for it, it
must remain for the present.

Me rasis Oliv.

_- 1. M. pectinicornis, nigro-piceus, cylindricus, tenuiter fulvo-pubescens, capite confertim punc-
~ tato, subcanaliculato, thorace latitudine breviore muricato, lateribus omnino rectis, postice angustato,
angulis anticis porrectis, posticis acutis parvis prominulis, elytris confertim scabris distincte striatis,
pedibus antennisque rufescentibus, his articulis 2—6 sensim paulo latioribus, 7—11 valde transversis
intus productis. Long. :26—-32.

Melsheimer, Proceed. Acad. Nat. Se. 2, 148.

Pennsylvania, Dr. Melsheimer; Ohio, Dr. Schaum. This genus is easily distinguished
from the next by the broad and compressed legs: in our specics the second joint of the
antenne is nearly as large as the third. The abdomen has an obtuse elevated compressed
tubercle at the apex. The clypeus is slightly emarginate at tip, and the small labrum is
thus rendered visible.

Closely allied to this, but evidently a different species, and possibly even a new genus,
is the following, which has not been found since its description by Say.

Eucnemjs quadricollis, “Body piceous black with yellowish hairs: head with crowded large
punctures, longitudinally confluent on the vertex: antennx rather distant at base, not seated in ap-
proximated sinusus, but under frontal elevations: second joint more robust than the third, and
equally long: fourth joint rather longer than the third: remaining joints obconic subequal, the last a
little longer: palpi terminal joint oval: thorax transverse quadrate with punctures like those of the
head, but not much confluent: anterior angles rounded: lateral edges nearly parallel, very slightly
contracted towards the posterior angles, which are nearly rectangular, a little acute, not continued
backward beyond the line of the base: elytra with punctured strix, and minutely punctured intersti-
tial lines: pectus with less crowded punctures than the thorax, middle segment very broad: no
groove: feet like all beneath dark piceous: tarsi a little paler. Length over one fourth of an inch.”
Indiana. (Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 186.)

Tuarors Lap.

1. T. ruficornis niger, tenuiter pubescens, capite thoraceque scabro-punctatis, hoe quadrato,
lateribus fere rectis, angulis posticis acutis, linea dorsali pone medium acute impressa, clytris scabro-

412 REVISION OF THE ELATERIDA

punctatis, striis punctatis, luteo-flavis, humero dimidioque postico fuscis, pedibus antennisque rufis,
his articulo 3’° sequente paulo longiore; femoribus infuscatis. Long. *21—-3.
Le Conte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 6, 46.
Melasis ruficornis Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. 3, 166.
Uclasis ruficornis Say,
Eucnemis (Nematodes) ruficornis Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 187.
v 7? b

Missouri, near Booneville. One specimen has the elytra entirely yellow. 'The antenne
of the male are strongly flabellate from the fourth joint: the apex of the abdomen of both
sexes has three small prominences beneath, of which the middle one is crest-like, and the
lateral ones tuberculiform. ‘This species differs from the next by the less elongated third
joint of the antenne.

2. T. obliquus, niger, tenuiter pubescens, capite thoraceque scabro-punctatis, hoc quadrato,
lateribus ad apicem paulo rotundatis, angulis posticis acutis, linea dorsali pone medium acute impres-
sa: elytris scabris, striis punctatis, sutura usque ad medium late luteo-testacea, pedibus antennisque
rufo-testaceis, his articulo 3'° sequentibus duobus eequali, femoribus infuscatis. Long. “23—°32.

Le Conte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 6, 46.

Eucnemis obliquus Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 187.

Ohio, New York, New Hampshire. In six specimens, [ can discover no sexual differ-
ences: the fourth joint of the antenne is a little less dilated in one than in the other five:
the antenne after the fourth joint are strongly serrate, almost pectinate, the joints gradu-
ally becoming more transverse: the third joint is slender, and as long as the fourth and
fifth together. ‘The apex of the abdomen, as in the preceding species, has three small
elevations.

Div.2. EUCNEMIDES.

This division is sufficiently characterized by having the front slightly and uniformly
convex, the antenne moderately approximated, inserted in a deep sinus, with the clypeus
expanding anteriorly: the labrum appears merely as an indistinct margin to the clypeus:
the prosternum is truncate anteriorly: the lobe seen in Elaterides is represented by a
margin separated by an impressed transverse line: the lateral suture is neafly always
straight, in Anclastes alone, a little curved, and meets the lateral margin of the thorax at
the anterior angle: the posterior spine is short and usually truncate, somewhat as in Car-
diophorus: the anterior part of the sides of the prothorax reaches the eyes, which are
thus partially concealed. The coxal plates are always distinct, frequently very broad:
the first joint of the antenna is always long; the last joint of the maxillary palpi always
dilated, and usually large: the ungues either entire, or with a single tooth at the middle.

I have removed from this division Melasis and Tharops, for reasons before given, and,
therefore, modify the synoptic table of genera given by me in the Proceedings of the Aca-
demy of Natural Sciences, vol. 6, p. 45, to suit this change of classification.

A. Thorax subtus non sulcatus:

Coxze postice laminis angustis;

intus quadrangulariter paulo dilatatis ; - - - Anelastes.
intus non dilatatis - : - - . - Hylochares.

a“

-

OF THE UNITED STATES. 413

Coxe postice laminis magnis;
intus sensim valde dilatatis, tarsi antici articulo 1™° vix longiore Emathion.
intus subsubito dilatatis (4 art. 8-11 clongatis) - - Epiphanis.
intus sensim maxime dilatatis (4% art. 9-11 elongatis) - Euryptychus.
B. Thorax subtus ad latera sulcatus; (coxe laminis magnis:)
Tarsi articulis 1-3 non lobatis.

Antenne tenues, subcylindricz - - - - Fornax.
Antenne serratz vel pectinate - - - - Eucnemis.
Tarsi articulis 2-4 brevitér lobatis - - - - Galba (Dendrochares.)
C. Thorax subtus ad prosterni latera sulcatus: (coxze laminis mediocribus.)
Tarsi non lobati - - - - - - - Microrhagus.

The native species belonging to these genera have been enumerated by me in the
Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences above mentioned. For the purpose of
making the present paper complete, I will here add, to what is there contained, diagnoses
of Say’s species, which are there only mentioned by name. It is necessary first to state,
that I have united the genus Isarthrus Lec. with Fornax, as being not sufficiently distinct.
The genus Onychodon Newman, of which I have procured the typical species, must also
be united with Fornax: from the very loose manner in which Newman’s descriptions
were drawn up, the affinity of Onychodon to the Eucnemides has not been recognised ;
nor is there any thing in his description (except the lateral grooves for the reception of
the antennz) which indicates it to be other than a true Elateride.

Anexastes Kirby.

_- 1. A. Druryi, obscure rufo-piceus, subcylindricus, opacus, thorace transverso convexo, lateribus

rotundatis angulis, posticis parvis divergentibus, subtiliter scabro, postice canaliculato, elytris striis
profundis, interstitiis convexis, scabris. Long. -45—-6.

Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. 12, tab. 21, ‘fig. 2; Guérin, Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr. ser. 2d, 1, 17.

Stlenus brunneus Latreille, Ann. Ent. Soc. France, 3, 129.

Southern States, not rare. The front, as in the next species, is faintly channelled ante-
riorly, the whole upper surface is more scabrous than in the next species, and the sides of
the thorax are less rounded: the dilated portion of the posterior coxal plates is emargi-
nate and toothed, a character seen in no other genus of this division.

- 2. A. Latreillei, obscure rufo-piceus, subnitidus, thorace transverso convexo, subtiliter parce

granulato, postice canaliculato, lateribus valde rotundatis, angulis posticis subdivergentibus, elytris
profunde striatis, interstitiis subtiliter rugosis et scabris. Long. -4—°d.
Lec. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 6, 47.

California, collected in the interior of the country by Mr, Child.

Hynocuarss Latr. Guérin.

ae 1. H. nigricornis, subcylindricus, crassiusculus, ater, opacus, capite scabro canaliculato, tho-
a

ace subtransverso, convexo, lateribus late rotundato, scabro, profunde canaliculato, utrinque ad me-
dium et ad basin transversim profunde impresso, angulis posticis minutis, elytris striis profundis
punctatis, interstitiis convexis scabris, antennis pedibusque obscure rufo-piceis. Long. -3.

Lec. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 6, 47.

Melasis nigricornis Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. 3, 165.

414 REVISION OF THE ELATERIDE

One specimen, Ohio, Dr. Schaum. The robust subcylindrical form gives it a strong
resemblance to the species of the preceding genus, from which it differs principally in
having the plates of the posterior coxw not dilated internally, and the fourth joint of the
tarsi slightly lobed. It is awkward that the specific name should belong to a species
with brown antenne.

Ematuion Lap.

1. E. atropos, eclongatus, postice paulo angustatus, nigro-piceus, tenuiter fulvo-pubescens, capite
thorateque rufo-piceis, scabris, hoc latitudine non breviore, lateribus ante medium rotundatis, angulis
posticis mediocribus acutis, canaliculato, utrinque ante medium foveato, et pone medium transversim
impresso, elytris scabris, tenuiter fere obsolete striatis. Long. *32.

Lec. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 6, 47.

Eucnemis atropos Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 187.

One specimen, Louisiana, Dr. Schaum. The third joint of the antennee is longer than
the fourth, and the last six joints are slightly enlarged: the last being, probably, a cha-
racter belonging to the male: the fourth joint of the tarsi is slightly lobed beneath: in
Say’s description, by an error commonly called clerical, the last instead of the fourth joint
is said to be dilated.

2. E. penetrans, valde elongatus, postice paulo angustatus, ater, subtilissime fulvo-pubescens,
subtiliter confertissime scabro-punctatus, fronte linea tenuissima levi, thorace latitudine sesqui lon-
giore, lateribus parallelis antice rotundatis, pone medium canaliculato, utrinque obsolete bifoveato,
elytris tenuiter striatis, antennis pedibusque rufo-piceis. Long. -22—-3.

Lec. Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 6, 47.

Georgia, rare. In my former description, I only mentioned the two anterior fovex of
the thorax, but on re-examination, I find that the posterior pair, just behind the middle,
are also visible: the sixth joint of the antenne, in this species, is not more than half the
size of the seventh, while, in the preceding, they are equally enlarged.

3. E. frontosus, nigro-piceus, modice elongatus, griseo-pubescens, capite punctato, linea fron-
tali vix distincta, thorace subtransverso, lateribus parallelis antice rotundatis, confertissime scabro-
punctato, postice canaliculato, utrinque vix obsolete foveato, elytris (parallelis ?) scabro-punctatis,
tenuiter fere obsolete striatis. Long. +2.

EHucnemis frontosus Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soe. 6, 187.

Epiphanis canaliculatus Lec. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 6, 46.

One female specimen, Pennsylvania. On comparing this with the preceding species, I
do not find sufficient differences to warrant their being retained in separate genera: the
fourth joint of the tarsi, however, is smaller, and is not lobed: the form of body is a little
stouter, but is different from that of Epiphanis from the thorax not being regularly nar-
rowed in front: the plates of the posterior coxe, so far as I can examine them, appear to
be gradually dilated as in the two preceding species, not suddenly dilated and subtruncate
as in Epiphanis cristatus: they are, however, pushed out of place by the pin, and cannot
be properly examined: the third joint of the antenne is a little longer than the fourth:
the eleventh is nearly as long as the two preceding. ‘This is evidently Say’s species,
although, by some strange oversight, I failed previously to identify it as such.

OF THE UNITED STATES. 415

{PIPHANIS Esch.
1. HE. cristatus, nigro-piceus, griseo-pubescens, capite punctulato, fronte cristata, thorace sub-
transverso, antrorsum valde angustato, lateribus rotundatis, subtilius dense punctato, linea dorsali
angustata levi, angulis posticis productis, elytris parallelis, punctatis, tenuiter fere obsolete striatis,

antennis pedibusque rufo-piceis. Long. -20.
Le Conte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 6, 46. .

One specimen found at New York. This species agrees in the form of the body, as
well as in all its generic characters with E. cornutus Esch. The punctures of the upper
surface are not scabrous, and by the great narrowing of the thorax in front, the form of
body, usual in the Elaterid, is at length reached: the last four joints of the antenne
together are equal in Jength to all the rest: the third is hardly longer than the fourth: the
fourth joint of the tarsi is not at all lobed, and the first joint of the anterior pair is as long
as the two following united. It is distinguished from the preceding, as well as the next
genus, by the plates of the posterior cox being more suddenly dilated, and truncate pos-
teriorly, so that they do not extend farther at the middle than at the internal margin.

E. cornutus Esch., Zool. Atlas 1, 10, tab. 4, fig. 6; Mann. Bull. Mose. (1843) 238: is from Sit-
kha; it is unknown to me, and seems to differ from the one described above, by its reddish brown colour,
with only the head and thorax black, and more prominent crest forming a short horn.

Euryprycuus Lee.

1. E. heterocerus, rufo-castaneus, helvo-pubescens, thorace transverso, antrorsum valde angus-
tato, lateribus precipue antice rotundatis, subtiliter dense punctato, angulis posticis paulo productis,
elytris a basi subangustatis, striis tenuibus, interstitiis subtiliter scabro-punctulatis. Long. *37—-52.

Le Conte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 6, 46.

Eucnemis heterocerus Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soe. 6, 186.

Pennsylvania, rare: two specimens from Rey. D. Ziegler and Mr. Rathvon. The last
three joints of the antenne are as long as the preceding, leaving out the elongated first
joint: the third is nearly twice as long as the fourth. The general form is that of true
Elater, yet, although differing so much in appearance, the distinction of this genus from
Emathion is obscure. Neglecting the form of the antenne as possibly sexual, and the fourth
tarsal joint, as it is not lobed in one species of Emathion above described, we find no differ-
ences left, except that, in the present genus, the first joint of the anterior tarsi is as long
as the three following: the fourth joint is two-thirds the length of the third, and cylindri-
cal; and the plates of the posterior coxe are very much more dilated internally, and at the
middle extend much farther than at the inner margin.

Fornax Lap.

Among our species of this genus, which is synonymous with Dirhagus Esch., are some
in which the claws of the tarsi are suddenly dilated at the base, with the extremity of the
dilated portion forming a prominent tooth. The largest of these species is the type of
Newman’s genus Onychodon. The species separated by me, under the name Isarthrus,
must also be placed in this genus, as the slight difference in the length of the third joint

VoL. x.—70

416 REVISION OF THE ELATERID.

of the antenna, and the absence of the very short lobe of the fourth joint of the tarsi, are
insufficient characters. Our species may, therefore, be arranged in three groups.

A. Tarsi articulo 4" breviter lobato; ungues ad medium fortiter dentati.

1. F. orchesides, fusco-piceus, opacus, helvo-pubescens, capite thoraceque dense scabro-punctu-
latis, hoc antrorsum angustato, latitudine vix breviore, lateribus rotundatis, angulis posticis productis,
basi ad medium tripunctata, elytris a basi vix angustatis, subtiliter scabro-punctulatis, tenuiter stri-
atis, pedibus antennisque ferrugineis, his versus apicem attenuatis, articulo 3'° sequente vix longiore.
Long. ‘68.

Onychodon orchesides Newman, Entomological Magazine, 5, 384.

One specimen found at Racine, Wisconsin, given me by Dr, Hoy. ‘This is by far the
largest species of Hucnemide yet found in the United States. It seems to be very rare;
the unique specimen described by Newman was found at Trenton Falls, in the state of
New York.

2. F. bicolor, supra fuscus, opacus helvo-pubescens, capite thoraceque dense scabro-punctulatis,
hoe antrorsum angustato, latitudine vix breviore, lateribus antice rotundatis postice subparallelis, an-
gulis posticis productis, elytris a basi angustatis confertim scabro-punctulatis, tenuiter striatis, subtus
ferrugineus, antennis articulo 3° sequente longiore. Long. °37.

Lec. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 6, 47.

Hylocharus ? bicolor Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 2, 149.

One specimen found at New York, given me by Mr. Willcox. Resembles in general
characters the preceding, but is very much smaller: the middle lobe of the base of the
thorax is shorter, and appears to be only bipunctate: the elytra are regularly narrowed
from the base, and the third joint of the antenne is one-third longer than the fourth: a
portion of the antenne is wanting, so that I do not know if they are more slender exter-

nally, as in F. orchesides.

B. Tarsi articulo 4° breviter lobato ; ungues non dentati.

3. F. badius, fuscus, elongatus, helvo-pubescens, capite thoraceque dense subtilius punctatis, hoc
latitudine longiore, antrorsum subangustato, lateribus vix late rotundatis, angulis posticis productis
paulo inflexis, elytris a basi vix angustatis, scabro-punctulatis, tenuiter striatis, pedibus antennisque
obscure ferrugineis, his articulo 3'° sequente duplo-longiore, versus apicem non attenuatis. Long. °31.

Lec. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 6, 47.

Dirhagus badius Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 2, 149.

Dirhagus rufipes? Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 2, 150.

Two specimens found in Pennsylvania: the second joint of the antenne is longer than
the two preceding species, being one-half as long as the third: the fourth joint is shorter
than the fifth, which is equal to the following: the third joint is about twice as long as
the second, or the fourth. The antenne are nearly filiform, not being attenuated towards
the tip, as in F, orchesides: the ungues of the tarsi are dilated at base, but not toothed:
the margin of the thorax is slightly curved inwards at the posterior angles, while in the
preceding species it is straight at that part. One specimen has the front indented with a
slight longitudinal fovea, and is probably Dirhagus rufipes Meds.

OF THE UNITED STATES. 417

4. F. cylindricollis, niger, valde elongatus, tennissime fusco-pubescens, thorace latitudine lon-
giore, lateribus parallelis, ante medium paulo angustato et rotundato, sat dense punctato, pone medium
profunde late exarato, angulis posticis paulo productis, elytris a basi vix angustatis, punctatis, striis
obsoletis, suturali sola conspicua, antennis articulo 3° sequente duplo longiore, versus apicem non at-
tenuatis. Long. -26—-31.

Lec. Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 6, 47.

Eucnemis cylindricollis Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 188.

Middle, Southern, and Western States. The proportions of the joints of the antenne
are as in the preceding: the legs are black, with the tibie and tarsi slightly piceous.
This species very much resembles the next: the striz of the elytra are, however, obso-
lete, the sutural one alone being distinct, and the punctures are more distinct, and less
confluent.

- 5, F. striatus, niger, valde elongatus, tenuissime fusco-pubescens, thorace latitudine longiore,
lateribus postice parallelis, antice paulo rotundatis, confertim subtilius punctato, pone medium late
exarato, angulis posticis paulo productis, elytris a basi subangustatis, confertim rugose punctatis,
striis distinctis, interstitiis paulo convexis, pedibus antennisque rufescentibus, his articulo 3'° sequente

duplo longiore, versus apicem non attenuatis. Long. *22—-28.

Lec. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 6, 47.

Middle and Southern States. The feet are sometimes almost rufo-piceous, the antenns
have also a reddish tinge in one specimen: the joints have the same relative proportions
as in the two preceding species.

C. Tarsi articulo 4° non lobato ; ungues non dentati.
, 5
_- 6. F. spretus, elongatus, fusco-niger, pubescens, thorace latitudine fere breviore, antrorsum an-
gustato, et lateribus rotundato, dense sat grosse punctato, angulis posticis modice productis, elytris
sat grosse confluenter punctatis, striis tenuibus, interstitiis externis paulo convexis, pedibus antennis-
que rufis, his versus apicem paulo crassioribus, articulis 2-12 subequalibus. Long. *2.
Isarthrus spretus Lec. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 6, 48. ;
One specimen, Lake Superior: the punctures of the head are a little smaller than those

of the thorax; there is a faintly impressed fovea at the vertex, which is perhaps accidental.

Evcnemis Ahrens.

From Fornax, this genus seems to be essentially distinguished by the plates of the pos-
terior cox being less dilated, and truncate posteriorly, so as to extend no farther at the
middle than at the internal margin. The antenne are either serrate or pectinate, but
never filiform, as in Fornax: the ungues are not dentate, and the fourth joint of the tarsi
is slightly lobed. The first species, from the bad condition of the specimen in my collec-
tion, was incorrectly stated by me to have the tarsi not lobed.

- 1. E. clypeatus, fusco-niger, fusco-pubescens, capite thoraceque confertim punctatis, hoc latitu-

——~ dine vix breviore, lateribus postice parallelis, ante medium rotundatis, elytris striis vix distinctis, con-

fluenter punctatis, pedibys antennisque totis rufo-testaceis, his serratis, articulo 3'° sequente plus
sesqui longiore. Long. :-16—-18.

Say, Trans. Ann. Phil. Soc. 6, 189.

Elater clypeatus Say, Ann. Lyc. of New York, 1, 266,

418 REVISION OF THE ELATERIDE

One specimen from Pennsylvania, given me by Dr. Zimmermann; another from Ten-—
nessee, sent by Dr. Schaum.

— 2. E. amaenicornis, niger, opacus, vix pubescens, capite thoraceque’confertim minus subtiliter
punctatis, hoc latitudine non breviore, antrorsum paulo angustato, lateribus late vix rotundatis, elytris
confluenter punctatis, striis sat profundis, versus suturam tendentibus; pedibus testaceis femoribus
infuscatis, antennis longe pectinatis, piceis articulis 2 et 3 testaceis, hoc sequente sesqui longiore.
Long. -12—16.

Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 189.

Common in the Middle and Southern States. Some of the specimens have the sides of
the thorax more rounded than others; these are probably females: the branches of the
antenne do not, however, appear to be shorter than usual in such specimens: the elytra
in all of them are tolerably strongly narrowed from the base to the tip, and the striz on
the middle of the disc consequently run together, and vanish before reaching the apex.
The head is subject to abnormal impressions: in one specimen there are three occipital
grooves: in another, two faint ones just behind the antennal sinus: in a third, there is a
broad frontal fovea, such as has been already mentioned in some species of Fornax.

Gaxpa Esch. Guér.

The North American species of this genus is unknown to me: a single specimen was
obtained in Georgia by my father, who sent it to Count Dejean. On account of the lobes
of the second, third, and fourth joints of the tarsi being shorter than in the Galbe of the
eastern continent, Mr. Guerin proposed to form of this species a subgenus Dendrocharis.
His description and figures are found in the Annales de Ja Société Entomologique de
France, Ser. 2d, vol. 1, 193; tab. 6, fig. G0—63. As the work is not generally available
to American students, I add a translation of Mr. Guerin’s description :

G. flavicornis, ‘Length 9—12 millimetres;” (*35—-47 unc.) ‘‘ Brown, smooth, convex, with
the sides parallel. Antenne strongly pectinate, a little thicker towards the apex; with the first two
joints brown, and the others orange yellow. Anterior tibie broad, compressed, ciliate externally,
with stiff bristles; tarsi capable of being folded along the tibia, with second, third, and fourth joints
dilated beneath; the dilatations much less elongated than in Galba marmorata.”’

Microruacus L'sch.
A. Tuarsi articulo 4° paulo dilatato sublobato.

[M. pygmaeus, fusco-niger, brevissime fusco-pubescens, fronte subcanaliculata, thorace latitu-
dine vix breviore, antrorsum modice angustato, lateribus late rotundatis, sat grosse punctato, angulis
posticis productis valde carinatis, linea marginali antice furcata, elytris a basi subangustatis, fortius
punctatis, vix striatis, pedibus obscure testaceis. Long. °18.

A male specimen sent me by Dr.Schaum.* ‘This species has the antenne subflabellate,
as in Hucnemis amwnicornis, but as the pectoral grooves are at the side of the prosternum,
it cannot be associated with that species. It differs from all the following species in
having the marginal line of the thorax double before the middle, and the posterior angles
more strongly carinate: the pectoral grooves are well defined and broad: the ungues of
the tarsi are slender. ]

* This European species is described in connexion with our native species for the purpose of exhibiting the specific
characters more clearly; references are, therefore, omitted.

OF THE UNITED STATES. 419

1. M. imperfectus, ater brevissime fusco-pubescens, thorace latitudine breviore, lateribus antice
fortius rotundatis, punctato, linea dorsali tenuissima levi, angulis posticis modice carinatis, linea
marginali medio obsoleta, elytris fortius punctatis, vix striatis, pedibus rufis. Long. -22.

Lec. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 6, 48.

New York and Maryland. The antenne of the male are dark coloured and slightly
pectinate, those of the female are but little darker than the feet, and moderately serrate;
the front in one specimen is channeled, but this is a character of but little value in the pre-
sent group of insects. The marginal line of the thorax is dislocated and interrupted at
the middle, the portion from the anterior angle being far above the short posterior por-
tion, which is connected with the base; the pectoral grooves are indistinct posteriorly
the nails of the tarsi are dilated and toothed at the middle.

2. M. subsinuatus, ater vix fusco-pubescens, thorace latitudine breviore, antrorsum subangus-
tato, lateribus obliquis subsinuatis non rotundatis, punctato, postice canaliculato, ad apicem transver-
sim marginato, angulis posticis planis paulo inflexis, linea marginali dislocata, elytris fortius rugose
punctatis, vix striatis, tarsis testaceis. Long. °2.

LeConte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 6, 48.

Eucnemis triangularis Harris, Trans. Hartford Nat. Hist. Soc. 72.

One male specimen found in the upper part of Georgia. ‘The antenne are three-fourths
as long as the body, and very slightly serrate; the pectoral grooves are deep and well
defined; the marginal line from the anterior margin of the thorax in this species almost
forms a junction with the carina of the posterior angle, which, from the flattening of the
latter, is pushed out of its normal position, and forms the lateral edge; the basal portion
of the true marginal line is deflexed as usual, and becomes obsolete in front of the middle.
The claws of the tarsi are not toothed.

3. M. triangularis, ater, pubescens, thorace latitudine breviore, lateribus parallelis, apice
summa rotundatis, confertim punctato, angulis posticis acutis, breviter fortius carinatis, linea magi-
nali dislocata, elytris a basi angustatis, apice obtusis, fortiter punctatis vix striatis, pedibus testaceis,
antennis piceis. Long. -1—-15.

LeConte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 6, 48.

Hlater triangularis Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. 3, 170.

Euenemis triangularis Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soe. 6, 189.

Southern and Western States. In my specimens, the antenne are three-fourths as long
as the body, and very slightly serrate: the posterior angles are not flattened, as in the
preceding species; the anterior part of the marginal line is very short; the posterior ex-
tends in front of the middle, and is deflexed, as usual. ‘The pectoral groove is moderately
well-defined, and the claws are not toothed. Guérin (Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr., 2d Ser., 1, 187)
refers this species to Eucnemis, but Say expressly states (Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., 6, 189)
the pectus is canaliculate “each side of the middle.” Say seems at first to have considered
other species as varieties of this, as in the Journal of the Academy he mentions individuals
having the elytra striate, and others with the third joint of the antennx less elongated. As
Say does not mention the flat and incurved posterior angles of the thorax, it will be more
prudent to consider this as his species, although somewhat smaller than that required by his
description.

4201) REVISION OF THE ELATERIDE

B. Tursi articulo 4° nec latiore nec lobato.

4. M. humeralis, opacus, ater, parce fusco-pubescens, thorace latitudine breviore, lateribus
parallelis apice summa rotundatis, angulis pusticis subcarinatis, linea marginali dislocata, confertim
scabro-punctato, medio utrinque subfoveato, elytris fere parallelis apice obtusis confluenter scabro-
punctatis, obsolete striatis, basi late rufescentibus, pedibus antennisque rufis, his articulo 3° non an-
gustiore. Long. ‘1d.

Lec. Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 6, 48.

Eucnemis humeralis Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6,189; Harris, Trans. Hartford Soc. Nat. Hist. 72.

Pennsylvania, Dr. Melsheimer; Tennessee, Dr.Schaum. Differs from all the preceding
species by the third joint of the antennse being as wide as the fourth. The antenne in
both specimens are half as long as the body, compressed, but not strongly serrate: the
two discoidal fovez of the thorax are broad, but not deep; there is also a trace of a dorsal
impressed line: the marginal line is dislocated, as usual; the anterior portion is very short,
and the posterior portion extends nearly to the apex. The claws of the tarsi appear to
be indistinctly toothed at the middle.

This species seems subject to variation in colour: the anterior margin of the thorax and
the posterior angles are usually tinged with rufous. A specimen sent by Dr. Schaum has
the elytra entirely black, but otherwise seems not to be sufficiently distinct.

Div.3. CEROPHYTIDES.

Although differing greatly from each other, there is such a close accordance in some
characters between Cerophytum and Perothops that I have been induced to place them
together. The latter genus has been very fully examined by Erichson, and the detail of
his observations is given in the third volume of Germar’s Zeitschrift. He has placed it
among the genuine Elateride, considering it as forming a transition to the Cebrionidse by
its more prominent mandibles and cleft ligula. ‘The approximation of the antenne, how-
ever, brings it nearer to the Eucnemides ; and it will be found, on comparison, that those
points in which it differs from the Eucnemides are precisely those in which it differs from
the true Elaterides, and approaches the Cebrionides. I therefore prefer regarding it as an
osculant between the latter family and the Eucnemides, and, on account of its general
form, and the structure of the head, to be placed next the last mentioned division.

The differences between Cerophytum and Perothops are as follow:

The front of Cerophytum is gibbous, while in Perothops it is only deflexed anteriorly.
The mandibles are larger and more prominent in Perothops: the prosternum is furnished
with a short rounded Jobe in Cerophytum, while in Perothops it is nearly truncate ante-
riorly: the lateral suture is curved convexly outwards in Cerophytum, and is straight in
Perothops: the lamine of the posterior coxze are somewhat suddenly dilated internally in
Perothops, and are entirely obsolete in Cerophytum: the posterior trochanters are very long
in Cerophytum, and moderate in Perothops: the tarsi are lobed and spongy in Cerophy-
tum, with the first joint longer and the fourth joint bilobed: in Perothops the joints are
short, diminish very gradually in length, the first being much thicker, and are very densely
pubescent.

OF THE UNITED STATES. 421

The strong points of resemblance are as follows:

The antennx are closely approximated, inserted in a deep sinus; the labrum is indis-
tinct, being connate with the clypeus, which is dilated in front of the antenne: the first
joint of the antenne is elongate; the anterior coxz are more widely separated than in the
true Elateridze, and the posterior spine is short; the last joint of the palpi is very large
and triangular; the tarsi are short, and the claws pectinate.

Creropnytum Latr.

1. C. pulsator, ater, opacus, capite thoraceque fusco-pubescentibus, hoc convexo, latitudine fere
sesqui breviore, lateribus antice valde rotundatis, confertim punctato, angulis posticis minutis promi-
nulis, elytris striis punctatis, interstitiis planis scabro-punctatis. Long. *27—-33.

Haldeman, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 8, 848; LeConte, ibid. 6, 230.

Chorea pulsator Haldeman, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 3, 150.

Pennsylvania; Ohio. The female was given mg by Mr. Haldeman, the male by Dr.
Schaum. ‘The latter is more slender than the female; the third to the tenth joints of the
antennz are furnished with a stout branch near the base, externally; the last joint is longer,
and is thickened somewhat towards. the tip, as if composed of two joints agglutinated to-
gether.

Perotuors Esch. Erichson.

1. P. mucidus, piceo-niger, tenuiter cinereo-pubescens, thorace convexo, latitudine breviore an-
trorsum valde angustato, lateribus rotundato; angulis posticis brevibus subdivergentibus, subtilissime
punctulato, punctis paucis minutis consperso, elytris tenuiter striatis, interstitiis paulo convexis, alu-
taceis, parce subtiliter punctatis, ore barbato. Long. *55—-6.

Erichson, Germ. Zeitschr. 3, 117.

Elater mucidus Schinh., Syn. Ins. Supp. 133; (museidus) Say, Ann. Lye. 1, 256.

Eucnemis muscidus Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 186.

Elater unicolor Say, Ann. Lye. 1, 256.

Hucnemis unicolor Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 186.

Middle and Southern States. E. muscidus Say is a brown, not fully coloured variety.

Div. 4. ELA TERIDES, (genuini.)

The genera of this division are very numerous, and seem to have been very unneces-
sarily multiplied on slight grounds. They are all characterized by having the mandibles
small and retracted, and the antennz widely separated, inserted very near the eyes in deep
fovez: the clypeus is never dilated anteriorly, and the labrum is always distinct. The fol-
lowing table expresses the relations of the genera found in this country, in a tolerably na-
tural manner, though the necessity of introducing several new genera, mostly for single
anomalous species, is very much to be regretted.

1. Tarsi subequaliter pubescentes, sepe lobali ; mesosternum non protuberans ; prosternum
semper mucronatum; antennce non recepter.
A. Prosternum semper mucronatum, lateribus rectis: frons precipue concaya, vel plana, fossulis
antennarum male definitis: coxe posticse laminis angustis, intus paulo dilatatis, vix dentatis: anten-
nz articulo 1™° mediocri; ungues simplices.

sd al

422 REVISION OF THE ELATERIDE

A. Prosternum antice truncatum, non lobatum:

Frons producta, marginata, reflexa - - - - - Campylus.
Frons depressa, antice non marginata : - - - Oestodes.
b] =

B. Prosternum antice lobatum, rotundatum:
Frons antice marginata; tarsi articulo 1° elongato;

Tarsi articulis 2 et 3 lobatis, 4'° parvo recepto - - Pedetes.

Tarsi articulis non lobatis, 4° non recepto - . - Athous.

Tarsi articulis 2—4 breviter lobatis, 4° non recepto - - Pityobius.
Frons antice marginata; tarsi articulo 1™° non vel vix longiore;

Antenn articulo ultimo non maiore - - - - Limonius.

Antenne articulo ultimo maiore - - - - Gambrinus.
Frons antice non marginata;

Tarsi filiformes, articulo 1™° paulo longiore — - - - Corymbetes.

; Tarsi articulis 2 et 3 lobatis, 4'° recepto, 1™° elongato - Asaphes.

B. Prosternum lobatum et mucronatum,*sutura concava, antice non exarata: frons preecipue con- ~
vexa, apice non marginata, fossulis antennarum distantibus bene definitis; cox posticee laminis va-
rlis, antenne serrate, articulo 1™° medioeri.

Coxze posticze laminis postice non truncatis:

Tarsi articulo 1™° longiore - - - - - Crigmus.
Tarsi articulo 1™° vix longiore - - - - - Atractopterus.
Coxe posticz laminis postice truncato-emarginatis - - - Ludius.

C. Prosternum, lobatum, et mucronatum, sutura laterali concava, antice exarata: frons valde con-
vexa, apice non marginata: coxz postice non valde dilatate, intus minus dentate: antenne vix
serrate, articulo 1™° clongato:

Ungues simplices, palpi dilatati - - - - - Dolopius.
Ungues serrate, palpi acuminati = - - - -, - Adrastus.

D. Prosternum lobatum et mucronatum, sutura laterali concava, precipue antice exarata: frons plus

minusve convexa, antice marginata: cox posticx dente interno magno, acuto: antenne articulo 1™°

mediocri.
Ungues simplices: coxee laminis maxime dilatatis ;
Tarsi articulo 5'° longe lobato - - - - - Anchastus.
Tarsi articulo 3° breviter lobato - - - - Brachycrepis.
Ungues simplices: coxve laminis subsubito modice dilatatis;
Tarsi articulis 2 et 5 subtus longe lobatis - - - Dicrepidius.
Tarsi non lobati, filiformes - - - - - Elater.
- Blauta.

Ungues simplices; coxve laminis sinuatim sensim dilatatis
fo) >
Ungues simplices; coxee laminis regulariter sensim dilatatis

Cratonychus.

E. Prosternum lobatum et mucronatum, sutura laterali subconcava, antice exarata: frons antice
marginata, rotundata: coxe postice laminis intus subito dilatatis, dente rotundato: antenne articulo
1° elongato: ungues simplices:

Tarsi articulo 4'° lobato, vel simplici - - - - Monocrepidius.

F. Prosternum lobatum et mucronatum, sutura fere recta, non exarata: frons antice marginata;
antenne flabellata, articulo 1™° longissimo: cox posticx anguste, dente interrfo rotundato.

Hemirhipus.

G. Prosternum lobatum et mucronatum, medio latiore, (sutura inde extrorsum convexa:) frons 9”

OF THE UNITED STATES. 423

tice marginata rotundata, parum conyexa: antenne articulo 1™° mediocri: coxe postice dente interno
vix prominulo: tarsi non lobati:
Ungues simplices: tarsi mediocres setosi - - - Cryptohypnus.
Ungues medio unidentati: tarsi elongati pubescentes - Oedostethus.

Tarsi non lobati, subtus densius pubescentes, vel sepius inflati et penicellati ; antenne seepe
receple ; mesosternum sepe protuberans; prosternum semper mucronatum et lobatum:
(frons modice vel viz marginata ;) (lamine coxarum anguste, non vel vix subito dilatate.)

H. Antenne recepte; thorax vesiculis nullis:

Antenne articulo ultimo, non constricto - - - Adelocera.
Antenne articulo ultimo constricto - - - - Agrypnus.
I. Antenne non recepte; thorax vesiculis luminiferis:
Antenne fere 12-articulate = - - - - - Pyrophorus.
K. Antenne non recepte; mesosternum protuberans; thorax vesiculis nullis:
Frons sensim declivis; tarsi mediocres ;
Coxe postice laminis postice sinuatis - - - - Aphanobius.
Coxe postic laminis non sinuatis - - - . Melanactes.
Frons subito declivis; tarsi crassiusculi;
Mesosternum distinctum - - - - - Alaus.
Mesosternum connatum - - . - - Chalcolepidius.

3. Tarsi pubescentes, sepe subtus lobati, nec inflati, nec penicellati ; antenna non recepte ;
mesosternum protuberans ; prosternum antice lobatum, mucrone postico brevi truncato; ( frons
marginata, ungues varit.) - - - - - - - Cardiophorus.

Campyius Fischer.
A. Tarsi articulis 2—4 subtus ad apicem spongiosi.

1. C. productus, xneo-piceus, fusco-pubescens, thorace planiusculo confertim punctato, latitudine
longiore lateribus rectis parallelis, fortius marginatis, margine angulisque posticis rufescentibus, ely-
tris seriatim punctatis, substriatis, interstitiis punctatis et subrugusosis. Long. *58.

Elater (Campylus) productus Randall, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 2, 8.

Lake Superior, two specimens; Maine, Randall.

B. Tarsi subtus equaliter pubescentes, non spongiosi.

2. C. denticornis, ater, parce flavo-pubescens, capite thoraceque grosse confluenter punctatis,
fronte thoracisque margine omni pallido, hoc canaliculato, paulo inzequali, antice subangustato, lati-_
tudine non longiore, elytris xneo-piceis, substriatis, confertim rugose punctatis, margine vittaque
tenui seepe obsoleta, pallidis. Long. -43.

Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 145; Germar, Linnza Racor 1, 150.

Campylus flavinasus Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 2, 219.

Lake Superior, Maine, and Pennsylvania. In the male the sides of the thorax are
slightly sinuous, and the antennx are longer than in the female.

VOR. X= — il

424 REVISION OF THE ELATERIDA

: Orstopes Lec.

Frons planiuscula, lateribus oblique marginatis, antice non marginata; labrum antice rotundatum ;
mandibulz acute, edentate; antenne elongate, serrate 11-articulate, articulo 1"° breviusculo, 24°
parvo, 3—5 latis triangularibus, sequentibus sensim angustioribus, 11™° paulo longiore non constricto ;
palpi articulo ultimo ovali, truncato; prosternum antice truncatum non lobatum, mucrone postico
elongato, acuto, lateribus rectis non excavatis; mesosternum non protuberans; coxz posticz laminis
angustis intus vix latioribus, non dentatis; tarsi tenues pubescentes, articulis 1—4 sensim brevioribus,
5° elongato, unguiculis validis simplicibus.

A curious genus related to Campylus by the absence of the prosternal lobe, and to Co-
rymbites by its tarsi, the first joint of which is not conspicuously longer than the second;
the front is entirely that of Corymbetes; the body is long, slender, and subcylindrical.

1. O. tenuicollis, niger, nitidus, glaber, capite parce punctato, thorace vix punctulato, elytris
striato-punctatis, interstitiis parce subtiliter rugose punctatis, tibiis tarsisque testaceis, antennis
nigris. Long. °27. .

Hlater tenuicollis Randall, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 2, 14.

Vermont, Prof. Adams; Maine and Massachusetts, according to Randall. The elytra
vary in colour from black to yellow; the intermediate variety has the disc yellow, with
the base, margin and suture black. In one specimen the posterior angles of the thorax
are yellowish. ;

In the species of this genus the thorax is convex, longer than wide, parallel on the sides,
and slightly constricted near the posterior angles, which are long, acute, divergent, and
finely carinated; the base is not fissured, but is marked each side with a tolerably long
acutely elevated line; the body is glabrous above, but a few short hairs may be perceived
towards the tip and margin of the elytra; the thorax in the male is more constricted pos-
teriorly than in the female, whereby its outline appears less straight.

2. O. graciliformis, niger, nitidus, glaber, capite punctato, thorace subtilius parce punctato,
apice angulisque posticis testaceis, elytris striato-punctatis, interstitiis subrugosis, pedibus flavis, an-
tennis fusco-testaceis. Long. °28.

Hlater graciliformis Randall, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 2, 13.

One specimen, Vermont, Prof. Adams. In form precisely similar to the preceding.

Pepetes Kirby.

There are a number of North American Elaters having the second and third joints of
the tarsi lobed beneath; the first joint considerably elongated; the coxal plates narrow,
and the front produced and margined. And although Germar (Zeitschr. 2,244) com-
plains that he has not been able to detect the lobed tarsi in the species mentioned by
Kirby as the type of his genus, this confusion is not to be wondered at, when we remem-
ber the very different names applied to the most common European species by the ento-
mologists of different nations.

Our genus seems to be equivalent to Athous, as defined by Latreille, (Ann. Ent. Soc.
France, Ist ser., vol. 3,) but by no means what was intended by Eschscholtz, who placed

his Athous in a group in which the tarsi are not lobed. The species may be naturally
grouped as follows:

‘
;
3
C

OF THE UNITED STATES. 425

A. Thorax angulis posticis non carinatis, apice rotundatis.
* Antenne articulis 2 et 3 e@qualibus 4'° minoribus.

1. P. trivittatus, fusco-testaceus, cinereo-pubescens, thorace convexo, elongato, lateribus rectis,
confertim subtilius punctato, elytris rufo-piceis, sutura margineque infuscatis, striis punctatis, inter-
stitiis planis, sat dense punctatis, fronte non impressa. Long. °4.

Athous trivittatus Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 2, 157.

One specimen in Dr. Melsheimer’s collection. ‘This species differs from all the others
in having the front not impressed and hardly produced. The antenne and feet are pale
testaceous.

** Antenne vir serrate, articulo Zio 4' equali, vel vix minore.

2. P. Brightwelli, fuscus, vel testaceus pubescens, thorace elongato, plus minusve canaliculato,
convexiusculo, confertim punctato, elytris striis valde punctatis, interstitiis minus convexis, punctatis
et parce rugosis, versus basin impressis et testaceis. Long. -42—-47.

Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 146.

Athous oblongicollis Mels. Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 2, 155.

Athous arcticollis Mels. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 156.

Middle and Southern States, not rare. The specimen described by Kirby seems to
have been a pale coloured variety of this species, which varies much incolour, In the male
the thorax is constricted before the posterior angles, which are slightly divergent; in the
female, the sides are straight and the angles do not diverge; the dorsal channel is never
deep, and is frequently wanting.

3. P. acanthus, xneo-piceus, pubescens, thorace elongato, convexo, subtilius punctato, angulis
rufescentibus, elytris striis valde punctatis, interstitiis minus convexis punctatis, versus basin impres-
sis, epipleuris pedibus antennarumque basi testaceis. Long. -27—35.

later acanthus Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 178.

New Jersey, Mr. Guex; a typical specimen in Dr. Harris’ collection. Differs from the
preceding by its smaller size, and more convex and more finely punctured thorax. Otherwise
there appears to be no satisfactory difference; the front is sometimes testaceous; pro-
bably pale-coloured varieties will occur.

B. Thorax angulis posticis subtiliter carinatis, apice rotundatis.
* Antenne articulo 3i° 4! equali.

4, P. scapularis, ater opacus, subtiliter fusco-pubescens, thorace elongato, antrorsum subangus-
tato, confertissime punctato, angulis posticis testaccis, carina angulari margini approximata, indis-
tincta, elytris macula basali lutea, striis punctatis, interstitiis scabro-punctatis. Long. °4.

Elater scapularis Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 178.

The typical specimen from New Hampshire kindly loaned me by Dr. Harris. The
feet and antenne are entirely black. The lobes of the tarsi are smaller than in the other
species, and with some species contained in Athous, would seem to indicate that the two
genera should be united. The antenna, as in the next species, are elongated.

5. P. cucullatus, testaceus, vel piceo-testaceus, fulvo-pubescens, thorace elongato, antrorsum

426 REVISION OF THE ELATERIDE

subangustato, dense punctato, carina angulari obliqua, elytris striis punctatis, interstitiis vix convexis,
parce punctatis, antennis pedibusque flavis. Long. -4-—°-5.

Elater cucullatus Say, Ann. Lyc. 1, 264; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 177.

Athous hypoleucus Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 155.

Athous procericollis Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 2, 156.

Athous strigatus Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 2, 154.

Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Ohio. The sides of the thorax in the female are broadly
rounded in front, while in the male, they are entirely straight.

Say’s original description does not appear to be sufficient entirely to identify the species,
but his subsequent remarks refer to a species having carinated thoracic angles; the type
in Dr, Harris’ collection is a male of this species. ‘The antennz in both sexes are longer
than the thorax.

Melsheimer’s Athous strigatus is merely a very large female (-69 unc.) of this species,
showing no specific difference.

6. P. fossularis, nigro-piceus, tenuiter cinereo-pubescens, thorace latitudine longiore, lateribus
parallelis antice rotundatis, confertim grossius punctato, pone medium utrinque profunde transversim
foveato, angulis posticis subrectis, carina angulari margini approximata fere indistincta, elytris striis
profunde impressis, punctulatis, interstitiis subconvexis vage scabro-punctulatis. Long. -45.

One specimen, New Jersey, Mr. Guex. - Easily distinguished by the rounded sides and
the coarser punctuation of the thorax, as well as by the two deep impressions half way
between the middle and the base. ‘The specimen is apparently a female, as the antennze
do not extend beyond the base of the thorax, The form is more robust than the pre-
ceding or next species.

7. P.equestris, ater, subtiliter cinereo-pubescens, opacus, capite thoraceque dense punctatis,
rubris, hoc latitudine vix longiore, lateribus rectis, antice rotundatis, angulis posticis nigris, subrectis,
carina angulari margini approximata, basi medio nigricante, elytris striis punctatis, interstitiis scab-
ris. Long. ‘57.

One specimen, Georgia. The lobes of the tarsi are very nayrow and short; the upper
surface of the head is red, but the mouth and organs are entirely black. The antenns
are not longer than the thorax, and strongly serrate.

** Antenne articulis 2 et 3 parvis equalibus.

8. P. posticus, piceus, fusco-pubescens, thorace elongato, minus convexo, antice vix angustato,
lateribus rectis fortius marginatis, diaphanis, apice breviter rotundatis, disco dense punctato, postice
canaliculato, basi tota testacea angulis posticis inflexis rotundatis, carina obliqua valde distincta,
elytris striis punctulatis, interstitiis planis confertim rugose punctatis, antennis basi pedibusque tes-
taceis. Long. *48.

Limonius posticus Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 158.

Pepnsylvania. I have seen only the typical specimen in Dr. Melsheimer’s collection.
The antenne are a little longer than the thorax, tolerably strongly serrate, fuscous black,
with the first Joint testaceous. Has very much the form and general appearance of Cam-
pylus productus; the lobes of the tarsi are very short.

a”

>

OF THE UNITED STATES. 427

Atuous Esch.

The species which I include in this genus only differ from those of the preceding genus
in not having the second and third joints of the tarsi obviously lobed; the fourth joint,
therefore, though only half the size of the preceding, is not received upon it: the first joint
is as long as the two following united.

This genus will eventually be merged with the preceding, in which case the two species
here described, forming the first group, having the posterior angles of the thorax not ca-
rinated, and the third joint of the antennz equal to the fourth, will enter the division (A**,)
before Pedetes Brightwelli; those of the second group will enter (B**.)

A. Thorax angulis posticis non carinatis.

1. A. reflexus, piceus, vel obscure testaceus, parallelus, tenuiter cinereo-pubescens, fronte pro-
funde excavata, thorace oblongo, marginato, lateribus fere rectis, angulis posticis subrectis, paulo con-
vexo, sat dense, lateribus confluenter punctato, elytris striis punctatis, interstitiis subconvexis, parce
punctatis, subtus rufo-piceus. Long. -65—-T7.

Middle States, rare. Body elongate; beneath, rufo-piceous; above, piceous, rarely tes-
taceous; the suture and’ margin of the elytra darker. Head coarsely punctured, with the
front very much produced, deeply excavated: antenne a little longer than the thorax, sub-
serrate; second joint small, third equal to the fourth: thorax longer than wide, anteriorly
not narrowed, sides very slightly rounded, almost straight, distinctly margined, margin
reflexed posteriorly, so that the posterior angles become elevated, as in Pedetes Bright-
welli; angles almost rectangular, with a very indefinite trace of a carina; disc slightly con-
vex, coarsely punctured, punctures denser and confluent at the sides: elytra parallel, ob-
tusely rounded posteriorly ; strie punctured, interstices slightly convex, with a few distinct
punctures.

2. A. vittiger, niger, tenuiter pubescens, parallelus eclongatus, fronte excavata testacea, thorace
minus convexo elongato, lateribus vix rotundatis, dense punctato, lateribus testaceo, elytris striis pune-
tatis, interstitiis subconyexis rugose punctulatis, vitta integerrima margineque laterali flavis, anten-
narum basi pedibusque flayo-testaceis. Long. °3.

A mutilated specimen from Oregon. ‘The tarsi, so far as can be distinguished, belong
to the present genus, and the characters are those of the preceding species: the sides of
the thorax are less reflexed posteriorly, and the antennze are somewhat less serrate.

Allied to this species appears to be Elater rufifrons Randall (Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist.
2, 6) from Maine. It is similarly coloured, but is much larger (‘6 unc.) It was found in
Maine.

B. Thorax angulis posticis acute carinatis.

- 3. A. discalceatus, fulvo-castaneus, helvo-pubescens, infra late rufo-testaceus, thorace latitu-
dine fere sesqui longiore, (antrorsum angustato, lateribus postice rectis, antice late rotundatis,) angu-
lis posticis subdivergentibus, punctato, elytris tenuiter striato-punctatis, interstitiis vage punctatis.
Long. °5.

Elater discalceatus Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 169.

The typical specimen found in New Hampshire: in Dr. Harris’ collection: it is evi-
dently a female, and the antennz are as long as the head and thorax.

428 REVISION OF THE ELATERIDA

A specimen from Pennsylvania, which I consider as the male of this species, has the
sides of the thorax perfectly straight, the posterior angles scarcely diverging, and the an-
tennee longer than the head and thorax. It is much smaller than the female, (38 unc.,)
and darker coloured. Jn this and the next species the second and third joints of the an-
tenn are equal, and, together, not longer than the fourth.

4, A. bicolor, supra ater, pube erecta nigro-grisea vestitus, thorace latitudine fere sesqui lon-
giore, (antrorsum angustato, lateribus paulo rotundatis,) confertim punctato, angulis posticis piceis sub-
divaricatis, elytris striis tenuibus punctulatis, interstitiis confertim rugose punctulatis, subtus casta-
neus, antennis pedibusque testaceis. Long. °35.

One specimen found at New York. It is a female, having the antennz as long as the
head and thorax.

Piryosrus Lec.

Frons producta, profunde excavata; mandibule apice emarginate; antenne elongate 11-articu-
late, maris bipectinate, femine subserrate, articulis 2 et 8 minoribus, illo minore, 11™° simplici; pros-
ternum antice lobatum, postice mucronatum, lateribus rectis, antice subexcavatis; mesosternum non
protuberans: cox postice laminis angustis intus sensim paulo latioribus, non dentatis: tarsi articulo
1™° elongato, sequentibus duobus quali, apice subtus spongioso, 2—4 sensim brevioribus subtus bre-
viter lobatis, 5‘ longiore tenui, unguiculis simplicibus.

The body is long and parallel, not convex; the thorax without basal fissures, with the
posterior angles acute, produced and diverging, and marked with an indistinct carina pa-
rallel to the margin.

1. P. anguinus, piceo-niger, tenuiter pubescens, thorace’ confluenter punctato, profunde cana-

liculato, antice utrinque profunde foveato, angulis posticis eclongatis, divaricatis obsolete carinatis,
elytris striis profundis, valde punctatis, interstitiis convexis subtilius punctatis. Long. -8—1:0.

This fine species is found in pine forests, but is rare: my specimens came from the
Southern States, but Dr. Harris has found it in New Hampshire. The late Mr. Melly sent
me, under the name Calocerus niger, (Westwood,) two males, found in turpentine. I have
substituted for the specific name that under which it appears in Dejean’s catalogue, and
have been compelled to change the generic name, as being applicable to but one sex.

Limoniws Esch.

This genus differs from Athous in having the first and second joints of the tarsi equal
or hardly different in length; the fourth is not suddenly smaller than the third, and none
of the joints are lobed or spongy beneath. Our species are difficult to distinguish, as they
approach very closely in external characters; they may be grouped as follows:

A. Prosternum sutura laterali antice excavata:

a, Clypeus valde emarginatus - - - - - Sp. 1—2.
Clypeus late vel vix emarginatus ;

s. Antenn articulis 2 et 3 parvis, pedibus nigris - - - Sp. 3—4.

y. Antenne articulis 2 et 3 coniunctis 4'° maioribus, pedibus rufis Sp: 5—11.

6. Antenne articulis 2 et 3 parvis, pedibus flavis - - - Sp. 12—13.

B. Prosternum sutura laterali vix excavata - - - - Sp. 14—25.

OF THE UNITED STATES. 429

A.—a.

1. L. auripilis, plumbeo-niger, griseo-pubescens, clypeo emarginato, aureo piloso, thorace po-
lito, latitudine sublongiore, convexo, minus dense grossius punctato, dense aureo-piloso, basi canali-
culato, elytris striis punctatis, interstitiis planis, confluenter punctatis, margine basali rufo, epipleuris
pedibusque rufis, antennis nigris, articulo primo precipue rufo. Long. -35.

later auripilis Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 172; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 178.

Southern and Western States. A specimen from Alabama, given me by Mr. Halde-
man, has the antenne entirely black: in a specimen from Illinois, the dense hair covering
the head and thorax is less yellow than in the others, so that the insect has a dull leaden
appearance. ‘The distinction between this and the next species rests on the polished sur-
face of the thorax, and in its less dense punctuation, characters which, though obscured
by the dense pubescence, may be readily seen, The lobes of the clypeus in both species
are subacute.

2. L. pubicollis, niger, opacus, griseo-pubescens, clypeo emarginato, aureo-piloso, ‘thorace la-
titudine sublongiore, convexo, dense fere confluenter pinctato, aureo-piloso, basi canaliculato, elytris
striis punctatis, interstitiis planis fere confluenter punctatis, margine basali rufo, epipleuris pedibus-
que rufis. Long. -37—-46.

Georgia, not rare. In all the specimens examined, the antenne are entirely black: the
antenne of the male are a little longer than those of the female, and more strongly ser-
rate; in both this and the preceding species, the third joint, though not dilated, is scarcely
shorter than the fourth.

A.—8.

3. L. mirus, ater, supra opacus, tenuiter griseo-pubescens, clypeo concavo, vix sinuato, thorace
latitudine longiore antrorsum subangustato, lateribus fere rectis, confertim punctato, elytris striis
punctatis vix impressis, interstitiis confertim punctatis, auruntiacis, macula postica communi magna
ad apicem extendente nigra. Long. ‘37.

One specimen, San Diego, California. Body black, above without lustre, thinly covered
with short gray hairs: antenne longer than the head and thorax; serrate: second and
third joints, together, not longer than the fourth: head densely punctured; front mode-
rately produced, slightly concave, anterior margin hardly sinuate: thorax longer than wide,
slightly and regularly narrowed in front, scarcely rounded on the sides; dise somewhat
convex, very densely punctured; posterior angles not divergent, moderately produced,
rounded at tip, carina, as in the other species of the group, short and parallel with the
margin: elytra not wider than the thorax, very slightly narrowed from the base, obtusely
rounded at the apex; strize scarcely impressed, strongly punctured, interstices finely and
densely punctured; base deeply transversely impressed; colour bright orange, with the
posterior third covered with a large black spot, the anterior outline of which is oblique,
so that the orange colour extends along the sides almost to the apex. In this species and
in the next the last joint of the antenne is subacuminate; in all the other species known
to me it is rounded at tip.

4. L. aurifer, ater, subtiliter cinereo-pubescens, clypeo concavo &neo, thorace latitudine longiore,
lateribus vix rotundato, aureo-purpureo nitido, parce punctato, postice canaliculato, elytris fere opa-
cis, striis punctatis vix impressis, interstitiis punctatis. Long. *24—-32.

430 REVISION OF THE ELATERID.E

Vermont, Prof. Adams; Illinois, Mr. Willcox. This very pretty little species is easily
distinguished by its brilliant metallic purple thorax: the antenne are longer than the head
and thorax, and serrate; the second and third joints are equal, and together equal in length to
the fourth: the anterior margin of the clypeus is reflexed, and almost straight. In the
larger specimen the punctures of the striae of the elytra are hardly larger than those of
the interstitial spaces: in both the base is transversely impressed.

A.—y.

5. L. interstitialis, enco-niger, griseo-pubescens, clypeo late emarginato, thorace latitudine
longiore dense punctato, angulis posticis carinatis paulo productis, elytris striis acutis, punctulatis,
interstitiis planis confertim punctatis, antennis pedibusque rufis. Long. ‘6.

Corymbetis interstitialis Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 2, 215.

One specimen from Pennsylvania, in Dr, Melsheimer’s collection. This only diflers
from L. cylindriformis by its larger size, and more finely punctured elytral striae: I have
doubts of its being really Gennee :

6. L. cylindriformis, fusco-niger, dense fusco vel griseo-pubescens, clypeo late emarginato,
thorace latitudine longiore, dense punctato, angulis posticis carinatis, paulo productis, elytris striis
acutis parcius punctatis, interstitiis planis confertim punctulatis, basi margineque sape rufescentibus,
antennarum basi pedibusque rufis, illis spe rufescentibus. Long. -4—-46.

? Hlater cylindriformis Uerbst, Kifer, 10, 95; tab. 166, fig. 9.

Ellater cylindriformis Say, Tork. Acad. Nat. Se. 3 as Ue ieenet Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 166.

Limonius hirticollis Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 2, 215.

Very abundant in the eastern part of the United States. Although the description given by
Say, above cited, may not be suflicient fully to identify this species, his subsequent obser-
vations, and the notes under his description of Hiater appressifrons (Ann. Lye. 1, 267,)
remove all doubt. Herbst’s description seems rather to apply to this species, as the Co-
rymbetes, to which it is referred by Germar, and which is El. appressifrons Say, has the
antennze nearly black, even at the base: the form of the clypeus is, unfortunately, not
mentioned. This determination is confirmed by Dr. Melsheimer, by whom specimens were
furnished to Say and Knoch: his L. hirticollis is, however, merely a large female of the

same species: it is curious that he should have placed it under a genus different from the
preceding closely allied species. é

7. L. confusus, xneo-piceus, cinereo-pubescens, aitnes late rotundato, thorace latitudine lon-

giore, antrorsum subangustato, lateribus vix rotundatis, punctato, postice canaliculato, angulis posticis

brevibus, subcarinatis, non divaricatis, elytris striis punctatis, interstitiis planis sat punctatis, pedibus
piceo-rufis, antennis totis nigris. Long. °37.

One specimen from Lake Superior, and another from New York. This species resem-
bles very closely the next, but may be distinguished by the moderately produced clypeus
being rounded anteriorly, not truncate: the antenne are entirely black, a little longer than
the head and thorax, serrate, with the second and third joints subequal, together a little
longer than the fourth: the thorax is distinctly but slightly narrowed in front, and scarcely

rounded on the sides: the epipleure are testaceous at the margin, and the thighs are darker

than the tibiae.
a

OF THE UNITED STATES. 431

8. L. plebeius, eneo-piceus, minus subtiliter cinereo-pubescens, clypeo truncato, thorace latitu-
dine longiore, antrorsum subangustato (minus in femina) lateribus late rotundatis, punctato, angulis
posticis carinatis brevibus vix divaricatis, elytris striis punctatis interstitiis sat punctatis, antennarum
basi pedibusque piceo-rufis. Long. *34—-37.

Elater plebeius Say, Ann. Lye. 1, 263.

Limonius metallescens Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 158.

Common in the Middle and Southern States. The base of the antennsz is sometimes
dark coloured, but never black, as in the preceding species: the second and third joints are
equal, and together are longer than the fourth: the clypeus is moderately produced, trun-
cate anteriorly, and even very slightly sinuous. In the females the sides of the thorax
are more rounded, and the antenne are a little shorter than the thorax. The margin of
the epipleurz is always rufo-testaceous.

9. L. enescens, fusco-wneus, griseo-pubescens, clypeo truncato, thorace latitudine paulo lon-
giore, antrorsum subangustato, lateribus omnino rectis, angulis posticis carinatis brevibus divaricatis,
densius punctato, postice subcanaliculato, elytris striis punctatis, interstitiis planis punctatis, pedibus
rufis. Long. °35.

One specimen, New Jersey, Mr. Guex. Allied to the two preceding species, but suffi-
ciently distinct by the perfectly straight sides of the thorax: the posterior angles are short,
and continue the line of the sides; they therefore appear divergent: the antenne are
hardly piceous at base; the second and third joints together are longer than the fourth:
the margin of the epipleure is testaceous.

10. L. wger, fusco-xneus, griseo-pubescens, clypeo truncato, thorace latitudine longiore antror-
sum subangustato, lateribus late rotundatis confertim subtilius punctato, angulis posticis vix carinatis
brevibus subacutis, elytris striis subtiliter punctatis, interstitiis plane discrete punctatis, antennarum
basi pedibusque rufis. Long. °26.

One specimen, Lake Superior. In form and structure resembles very much L. ple-
beius, but is much smaller: the thorax is more finely and densely punctured: from the
next it is distinguished by its larger size and more densely punctured thorax, as well as by
its truncate clypeus: the thorax is scarcely channelled posteriorly.

11. L. quercinus, niger, cinereo-pubescens, clypeo late emarginato, thorace postice canalicu-
lato, latitudine longiore, antrorsum subangustato, lateribus paulo rotundatis, minus dense punctato,
angulis posticis vix carinatis subacutis, elytris striis punctatis, interstitiis discrete punctatis, antenna-
rum articulis tribus pedibusque rufis. Long. *2—-27.

Dejean, Cat. 103.

later quercinus Say, Ann. Lyc. 1, 262.

A very common species in every portion of the United States. From the next it may
be distinguished by the more acute posterior angles of the thorax, and by the second and
third joints of the antennze being longer than the fourth, as in the preceding species: the
posterior angles of the thorax are sometimes piceous, but never yellow, as in the follow-
ing species.

A.—-6.

12. L. basillaris, niger, tenuiter cinereo-pubescens, clypeo late emarginato, thorace postice

canaliculato, latitudine longiore, lateribus fere rectis antice paulo rotundatis, minus dense punctato,
VoL. X.—72

432 REVISION OF THE ELATERIDA

angulis posticis fere obtusis, flavis vix carinatis, elytris striis punctatis, interstitiis diserete punctatis,
pedibus flavis, antennarum articulis 2 et 3 parvis, 1"° vel nigro, vel piceo, vel flavo. Long. -17—-23.

Flater basillaris Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. 8, 172.

Abundant every where. Iwas at first inclined to consider Say’s species as merely
identical with the preceding, but as in the description he says that the first and second
joints of the antennx are pale rufous, it can refer to no other than the present species.
The antenne are more strongly serrate than usual, and the erect hairs along the margin
are very distinct: the second and third joints are equal, and together are shorter than the
fourth: the first joint is usually piceous; sometimes it is black: sometimes both the first
and the second joints are yellow. ‘The posterior angles of the thorax are very short, and
almost obtuse; they are always distinctly yellow: the anterior angles of the inflexed por-
tion of the thorax and the anterior lobe of the prosternum are rufous. The antenne of
the male are longer than the head and thorax; those of the female are shorter.

3. L. semieneus, piceo-eneus, cinereo-pubescens, clypeo late emarginato, thorace latitudine
longiore, postice canaliculato, lateribus fere rectis, subtilius sat dense punctato, angulis posticis fere
obtusis vix carinatis flavis, elytris vel flavis, vel piceis basi margineque flavis, striis punctatis, inter-
stitiis diserete punctatis, pedibus flavis, antennis nigris, articulis 2 et 3 squalibus parvis. Long. -2.

Georgia, not common. Except that the sides of the thorax are scarcely rounded, and
the punctures very slightly finer and more dense, I find no differences but those of colour
between this and the preceding.

B.

14. L. subauratus, elongatus nigro-zneus (dense?) cinereo-pubesceus, clypeo truncato, tho-
race latitudine sesqui longiore, antice vix angustato, lateribus fere rectis, angulis posticis carinatis
subacutis, convexo, postice obsolete canaliculato, punctato, elytris nigro-piceis, striis punctatis, vix
impressis, interstitiis punctulatis, pedibus antennisque nigris, his articulo 3° 4'° subequali. Long. 39.

One specimen from Oregon, Col. M’Call. The pubescence has been nearly destroyed
by alcohol, but enough remains at the base of the thorax to show that it was ash-coloured,
and tolerably dense. ‘This species has also very much the appearance of a Corymbetes,
but the anterior margin of the clypeus, though very slightly prominent, is perfectly well
defined.

15. L. pilosws, xneo-piceus, nitidus, pilis longioribus fere erectis cinercis minus dense vestitus,
clypeo truncato, margine subreflexo, thorace latitudine longiore, lateribus rectis antice paulo rotundatis,
punctato, parcius in medio, angulis posticis carinatis subacutis, elytris tenuiter seriatim punctatis, in-
terstitiis discrete punctatis, antennis pedibusque nigris, illis articulo 3 2"4° paulo maiore. Long. °42.

One specimen from San Diego, California. This species is less elongated than the pre-
ceding, the thorax is less convex, and the anterior margin of the clypeus is quite promi-
nent and slightly reflexed. The thorax is scarcely channelled posteriorly.

16. L. hispidus, minus elongatus eneo-niger, minus nitidus, griseo-pubescens, capite thora-
ceque pilis longioribus erectis subhispidis, clypeo truncato, margine distincto, thorace latitudine paulo
longiore, lateribus rectis, punctato, postice canaliculato, angulis posticis carinatis vix acutis, elytris
tenuiter striato-punctatis, interstitiis densius punctatis, antennis pedibusque nigris, illis articulis 2"¢°
3° que subsequalibus, 4'° coniunctis longioribus. Long. :37—:43.

San Francisco, California, abundant. The antenne of both sexes are moderately ser-

OF THE UNITED STATES. 433

rate: in the male they arc longer, in the female shorter, than the head and thorax: the form
of body is more robust than in any of the preceding species: the posterior angles of the
thorax are almost rectangular.

17. L. dubitans, minus elongatus «xneo-piceus, fusco-pubescens, capite thoraceque pilis longio-
ribus subhispidis, clypeo margine antico recto, indistincto, thorace valde convexo, punctato, lateribus
rotundatis, angulis posticis parvis subacutis subcarinatis, elytris striis punctulatis, interstitiis vix con-
vexis, dense punctatis, antennis articulis 2 et 3 subequalibus, 4'° coniunctis longioribus. Long. <5.

New York and Pennsylvania, two females: still more robust and more cylindrical than
the preceding, to which it appears to be most nearly allied. The great convexity of the
thorax, which is hardly narrower in front than at the base, gives this species somewhat
the aspect of Cardiophorus, while by the indistinctness of the anterior margin of the cly-
peus, it makes the transition to Corymbites.

18. L. canus, piceo-niger, valde elongatus, cinereo-pubescens, capite thoraceque densius pubes-
centibus, pilisque paucis suberectis vestitis, clypeo truncato, margine vix reflexo, thorace latitudine
sesqui longiore, antrorsum angustato, et paulo rotundato, confertim punctato, canaliculato, angulis
posticis obtusis subcarinatis apice rotundatis, elytris tenuiter striato-punctatis, interstitiis dense punc-
tatis, pedibus fere piceis, antennis nigris, articulis 2 et 3 subzequalibus, 4'° coniunctis longioribus.
Long. 39.

One specimen, San Diego, California. The antenne are longer than the head and tho-
rax, and strongly serrate: the hairs on the thorax are so disposed as to produce a faint
longitudinal dark line from the basal depression on each side: the dorsal channel is distinct
both at base and apex: the tibiw and tarsi are paler than the femora. The general form
is that of the male of L. cylindriformis.

19. L. anceps, elongatus, piceo-zeneus, densius cinereo-pubescens, clypeo truncato, vix promi-
nulo, thorace latitudine fere sesqui longiore, lateribus parum rotundatis, sat punctato, angulis posticis
subacutis vix carinatis, elytris fuscis striis punctatis, interstitiis discrete punctatis, epipleuris pedibus-
que obscure rufis, antennis piceis articulo 3° 4'° paulo breviore. Long. -38—-35.

Western New York: specimens from Ohio are also in Dr. Harris’ collection. The
clypeus, although not prominent, is decidedly margined anteriorly: the absence of the
small elevated line at the anterior portion of the inflexed margin of the thorax will distin-
guish it from L.confusus and L. plebeius, to which it bears a slight resemblance: the form
is more slender, being about the same as L. aurifer: the hair on the elytra is so dense as to
render the punctures indistinct: the third joint of the antenne, though not as wide as the
fourth, is perceptibly dilated.

20. L. ectypus, elongatus, piceo-eeneus, densius cinereo-pubescens, clypeo truncato, vix promi-
nulo, thorace latitudine longiore, lateribus late rotundatis, angulis posticis parum productis subacutis,
obsolete carinatis, sat dense punctato, postice canaliculato, elytris fusco-testaceis, striis punctatis, inter-

stitiis punctatis, pedibus antennisque testaceis, his articulis 2 et 3 coniunctis4” vix longioribus. Long. +35.
Hlater ectypus Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 167.

A typical specimen from Maine, in Dr. Harris’ collection. Very much resembles the
preceding, but the proportion between the basal joints of the antennz will at once distin-
guish it.

434 REVISION OF THE ELATERID©®

21. L. agonus, elongatus, piceo-zencus, densius cinereo-pubescens, clypeo truneato, vix promi-
nulo, thorace latitudine longiore, lateribus late rotundatis, densius punctato, postice canaliculato, an-
gulis posticis vix obsolete carinatis brevibus fere obtusis, elytris fusco-testaceis, striis punctatis, inter-
stitiis punctatis, antennis pedibusque rufo-testaceis, illis articulis 2 et 3 coniunctis 4° vix longioribus.
Long. °38.

Elater agonus Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 171.

A typical specimen in Dr. Harris’ collection: locality not marked. This species is
very similar to L. ectypus, but the posterior angles of the thorax are not at all produced,
and their apex is not acute: the ordinary carina is very small, and hardly visible.

22. L. definitus, cylindricus piceus, tenuiter pubescens, thorace confertissime punctato, angu-
lis posticis rectis non carinatis subtestaceis, elytris striis profundis punctatis, interstitiis vage punc-
tatis, antennis basi pallidioribus. Long. -19—-25.

Ziegler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 268.

Middle and Southern States, rare. In one specimen the elytra are brownish.

23. L. infernus, cylindricus, piceus, tenuiter pubescens, thorace dense grossius punctato, mar-
gine omni testacco, angulis posticis rectis, non carinatis, elytris striis profundis punctatis, interstitiis
parce punctatis, pectoribus, pedibus antennisque basi testaceis, abdomine nigricante. Long. -15—-17.

Pennsylvania and New York, not rare. The under surface of the thorax is usually tes-
taceous; sometimes it is fuscous, with the sutures paler. The pale margin of the thorax
is dilated at each angle, so as to appear like four small yellow spots: the disc of the tho-
rax is slightly channelled posteriorly.

24. L. vagus, piceus, subeneus, tenuiter cinereo-pubescens, clypeo medio non marginato, thorace
latitudine breviore antrorsum modice angustato, lateribus antice paulo rotundatis, angulis posticis
subcarinatis, acutis, divaricatis, subtilius punctato, linea dorsali pone medium levi, elytris confertim
punctatis stria suturali sola vix conspicua, basi margineque plus minusve testaceis, apice obtuse ro-
tundatis, pedibus testaceis femoribus infuscatis, antennis nigris articulis 2 et 3 wqualibus 4'° coniunctis
longioribus. Long. *29—-35.

Lake Superior, on the northern shore. This species and the next differ considerably
from all the others in appearance, as well as by the absence of the elytral striz.
Nevertheless, on close comparison, nothing of a generic value can be found to separate
them. ‘The front is indeed not margined anteriorly, but the lateral margins are slightly
advanced, so that it presents, in certain directions, the same truncate appearance seen in
other species of the genus. The body beneath is black, slightly bronzed. The elytra of
the female are gradually dilated posteriorly, so as to be about one-third wider than the
thorax; in the male they are parallel on the sides; in both sexes obtusely rounded at the
apex; the sides of the thorax are more rounded anteriorly in the female than in the male.

25. L. estriatus, piceus, subseneus, cinereo-pubescens, clypeo medio non marginato, thorace la-
titudine fere sesqui breviore, antrorsum angustato, et lateribus rotundato, angulis posticis subcarinatis
divaricatis, acutis, subtilius punctato, linea dorsali postice sublevi, elytris subtilius punctatis, striis

obsoletis, basi margineque testaceis, apice obtusis, antennis basi testaceis, articulo 3'° 2"? longiore et
4 equali. Long. :26.

Hagle Harbor, Lake Superior. Smaller than the preceding, which it resembles very

OF THE UNITED STATES. 435

much, and is readily distinguished by the sides of the thorax being more rounded anteriorly,
and the third joint of the antenne being as long and nearly as wide as the fourth; the feet
and under surface are black.

Gamerinus Lec.

Frons paulo producta, antice recte marginata, subconcava; labrum rotundatum, manddibule breves:
antenne articulis 2 et 3 subsequalibus, coniunctis sequente non longioribus, 4—10 triangularibus, gra-
datim paulo latioribus, ultimo duplo maiore, ovali, obtuso: prosternum antice lobatum, postice mucro-
natum, lateribus rectis, sutura antice vix excavata: cox postice laminis angustis, intus sensim paulo
dilatatis: tarsi pubescentes, longius setosi, articulis 1—4 gradatim brevioribus, 5% iterum longiore,
unguiculis simplicibus.

The posterior angles of the thorax are finely carinated, and moderately produced. In
form and structure approaches very near to Limonius, but is easily known by the last
joint of the antennz being considerably larger than the others, and by the first joint of
the tarsi being longer than the second. ‘To this genus possibly belongs Elater stigma
Herbst, (Kafer, 10, 86, tab. 166, fig. 1,) which is, however, unknown to me; Dejean, in
his catalogue, places it in Limonius; it seems to differ from the one here described by
the feet and antenne being fusco-testaceous.

The generic name is derived from yaueos, socer.

1. G. armus, virescenti-niger, nitidus, tenuiter cinereo-pubescens, thorace latitudine longiore,
antrorsum subangustato, lateribus rectis, ad apicem subito oblique angustatis, minus subtiliter remo-
tius punctato, postice subcanaliculato, elytris striis fortius punctatis, interstitiis discrete -—punctatis,

macula magna humerali oblonga leete rufa, tarsis piceis. Long. -34.
Elater armus Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 171.

One specimen from Georgia. The elytra, as in Limonius, are parallel on the sides,
and obtusely rounded at the apex.

Corymeires Latr.

Frons plana, antice depressa, non marginata; labrum antice rotundatum; mandibulz breves, acutz,
vel simplices, vel ante apicem dentatze, vel truncatee et scalprariz: palpi articulo ultimo plus minusve
dilatato: antennze plus minusve serrate (maris interdum pectinatz) articulis 2 et 3 variis, 11™° seepe
constricto, non maiore ; prosternum antice lobatum, postice mucronatum, mucrone non vel yix inflexo,
lateribus antice non vel vix excavatis: mesosternum non protuberans: cox postice laminis angustis,
intus paulo dilatatis, non dentatis: tarsi longiusculi, pubescentes (vel subsetosi) articulis 1—4 sensim
brevioribus (1™° szepe vix longiore) non lobatis, 5° longiore, unguiculis integris.

A very extensive, but apparently natural genus, which may be easily divided into
groups, for the purpose of facilitating the determination of the specics. Some of these
groups have received generic names, and, on a first glance, there appear to be certain
peculiarities of habit, which render them easy to be recognised. With a large series of
species, these differences appear to merge insensibly together, so that no well defined dis-
tinctions remain. For this reason, I consider the genera Diacanthus and Pristilophus as
untenable: the latter, as founded by Latreille, is perfectly unintelligible, and as reformed
by Germar, contains two very distinct forms, of which his first division (forming the genus

436 REVISION OF THE ELATERIDE

Melanactes of the present essay) must receive a distinct name, as the definitions both of
Germar and Latreille absolutely exclude it, while the second division must be united with
the present genus.

Our species may be grouped as follows:

A. Tarsi subtus xqualiter pubescentes.

1. Antenne subserrate, articulo 3'° cylindrico, sequentibus triangularibus, aequalibus :

frons subconvexa; corpus dilatatum, pubescens, elytris preecipue testaccis - Sp. 1—11.
2. Antenne subserratz, articulo 3° cylindrico, 4° sequentibus longiore ;
z. Corpus dilatatum supra preecipue glabrum, frons planiuscula - - Sp. 12—17.
f. Corpus valde dilatatum pubescens, frons valde concava - - - Sp. 18.
y. Corpus lineare, supra glabrum, antennis articulis 2 et 3 singulis 4° vix
minoribus - - - - - - - - Sp. 19—20.
3. Antenne serrate, articulo 3° cylindrico, sequentibus triangularibus, eequalibus,
11”° sub-constricto; corpus lineare, glabrum vel pubescens — - - - Sp. 21—24.
4. Antenne serrate, articulo 3° dilatato; 4—10 squalibus, 11° constricto: frons
plana: corpus lineare parallelum - - - . - - Sp. 25.
5. Antenne serrate, articulo 3° yario, 4—10 equalibus, 11™° constricto; frons con-
cava, corpus subparallelum - - - - - - - Sp. 26—31.
6. Antenne serrate, articulo 3'° triangulari, precipue 4° equali, 4—10 eequalibus,
11° preecipue non constricto; frons subconvexa vel plana: corpus non dilatatum.
* Elytra postice rotundatim attenuata:
«, Thorax angulis posticis carinatis = = é = - Sp. 82—35.
6. Thorax angulis posticis non carinatis - - - - Sp. 36—87.
** Hlytra postice oblique attenuata, fortius marginata - - - Sp. 38—41.
7. Antenne compress, vix serrate, articulo 5° sequenti zequali, 11° vix constricto:
frons concaya, corpus precipue lineare - = = = - Sp. 42—45.
B. Tarsi articulis 2—4 subtus ad apicem sericeo-spongiosi —- - - Sp. 46—49.
A.—l.

1. C. hamatus, crassiusculus, capite thoraceque atris dense subtilius punctatis, aureo-pilosis, hoc
postice canaliculato lateribus rotundatis, angulis posticis subdivergentibus, margineque testaceis, ely-
tris testaceis, macula laterali transversa margineque pone medium fuscis, striis profundis punctatis,
interstitiis punctatis, abdomine rufo, pectore nigro, pedibus antennisque testaceis. Long. -43.

Elater hamatus Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 170.

New Jersey, Mr. Guex, one specimen. A very peculiar and well marked species,
having the form of C, hieroglyphicus, but very distinct by its characters. The third joint
of the antenne is not perceptibly larger than the second; the front is more elevated than
usual, and almost angulated at tip, the lateral margins converging so as almost to mect;
the palpi are black. ‘The dense golden yellow hair of the thorax conceals the punctures,
which are dense, but not coarse; the lateral margin, posterior angles, and inflexed portion
are rufo-testaceous; the dorsal channel is distinct posteriorly. ‘The striz of the elytra
are strongly impressed, the interstices convex and densely punctured.

OF THE UNITED STATES. 437

Although the form of the front of this species is nearly that of Cryptohypnus silaceipes,
the shape of the posterior cox, and the parallel sides of the prosternum, prevent its as-
sociation with that species.

» 2. C.rubidipennis, crassiusculus, niger, supra flavo-pubescens, thorace non transverso, ante
medium rotundatim angustato, angulis posticis vix divergentibus, dense subtiliter punctato, elytris
luridis, striis impunctatis, interstitiis subtilissime punctulatis, pedibus ferrugineis, antennis nigris.
Long. *37—"42. ;

Lake Superior, not rare. This species differs from the description given of medianus
Germ. (Zeitsch. 4, 71) by the impunctured elytral striae. The form of the body is as in the
preceding; the third joint of the antenne is a little longer than the second, but both
together are not longer than the fourth.

3. C. acutipennis, crassiusculus, niger, subflavo-pubescens, thorace subtransverso, antrorsum
angustato, lateribus rotundatis, angulis posticis subdivergentibus, dense punctulato, elytris testaceo-
piceis, striis vix punctatis, interstitiis distincte punctulatis (apice maris acuminatis,) antennis pedibus-
que rufo-testaceis. Long. °38.

Diacanthus acutipennis Germ. Zeitschr. 4, 70.

Two specimens found at Ann Arbor, Michigan. Germar describes the striae of the
elytra as punctured; in one specimen they appear smooth, in the other they are feebly
punctured; the female does not differ in form from the preceding species; the male has
the apex of the elytra produced and acute. The third joint of the antennz is one-half
longer than the second.

4. C. propola, niger, cinereo-pubescens, thorace latitudine non breviore, apice subangustato,
lateribus rotundatis, minus dense punctulato, angulis posticis subtestaceis, elytris lurido-testaceis,
macula utrinque lunata, postice concava, ad medium fusca, tenuiter striatis, interstitiis punctulatis,
antennis piceis basi testaceis, articulo 3° 2° sesqui longiore, pedibus piceis, vel testaceis. Long. -3

Lake Superior, Eagle Harbour; found also in Western New York. The less densely
punctured thorax will distinguish this from the other species of this group. The third
joint of the antenne is shorter than the fourth, although longer than in the preceding
species; by this character it forms a transition to C.hieroglyphicus. In my catalogue of
Lake Superior insects, this is erroneously placed as EV. curialus Say.

5. C. triundulatus, elongatus, niger, cinereo-sericeus, thorace convexo, latitudine non longiore,
lateribus rotundatis, angulis posticis brevibus non carinatis, divaricatis, subtiliter dense punctato,
subcanaliculato, elytris lateribus vix dilatatis, luteo-testaceis, fasciis tribus postice concayis subdenu-
datis fuscescentibus, striis punctulatis, interstitiis planis, dense punctulatis, antennarum articulo 3°
sequenti breviore. Long. -28—-365.

Elater triundulatus Randall, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 2, 12.

Abundant at Lake Superior, and in Maine. \

_-— 6. C. hieroglyphicus, crassiusculus, niger, cinereo-pubescens, thorace aureo-sericeo, dense sub-
tiliter punctato, non transverso, lateribus late rotundatis, angulis posticis subtestaceis, elytris luteo-
flavis, macula obliqua humerali per suturam extensa, alteraque ad medium lunata per suturam fere ad
apicem producta nigris, striis vix punctatis, interstitiis subconvexis, punctatis, antennis pedibusque
rufis, illis extus fuscescentibus, articulo 3'° 4° non breviore. Long. *5.

Elater hieroglyphicus Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 172.

438 REVISION OF THE ELATERIDE

Lake Superior, Ohio, Maine; not rare. The joints of the antennx diminish slightly in
length from the fourth, but the difference is not so obvious as in many of the following
species. ‘The black markings of the elytra are connected by their sutural extensions; in
one specimen the oblique line from the humerus to the suture is wanting, although the
sutural portion of the spot is as large as in the other specimens.

. C. furcifer, niger, cinereo-pubescens, thorace latitudine longiore, subtiliter punctato, ee ibus

1aie rotundatis, angulis posticis subtestaccis, elytris luteo-testaceis, macula humerali obliqua per sutu-

ram extensa, alteraque lunata pone medium nigris, striis punctatis, interstitiis distincte punctatis, an-
tennis pedibusque piceis, illis articulo 1™° testaceo. Long. *32.
One specimen found at Eagle Harbour, Lake Superior. Marked like the preceding, but

in size only equal to C. propola, from which it differs by the longer thorax, and more

deeply striate and more distinctly punctured elytra. In form it is a little less dilated than

any of the preceding species.

8. C. nubilus, crassiusculus, niger, cinereo-pubescens, thorace non transverso, lateribus rotun-
datis, subtilissime punctulato, angulis posticis testaceis, elytris lurido-testaceis, maculis 3 pone basin
(una communi) rotundatis, alteraque utrinque pone medium lunata, nigricantibus, tenuiter striatis, in-
terstitiis fere planis punctulatis, antennis pedibusque nigris. Long. °35.

One specimen, collected in California by Mr. Child, and given me by Mr. Rathvon.
The markings are on the same plan as those of the preceding species, but they are not
dilated along the suture, and the anterior is broken up so as to form a rounded spot each
side behind the humerus, and a larger less distinct one at the suture. The finer punctua-
tion of the thorax, and the black feet, will enable it to be readily recognised.

9, C.inflatus, obesus, eneo-niger, cinereo-pubescens, fronte plana convexa, thorace convexo, dense
subtilius punctato, subtransyerso, lateribus antice rotundatis, elytris striis punctatis, interstitiis sub-
convexis, confertim punctulatis, antennis piceis basi rufescentibus, pedibus rufis. Long. *33—*45.

Hlater inflatus Say, Ann. Lye. 1, 258; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 174; Germ. Zeitschr. 4, 74.

Common in the Southern and Western States; rare in Pennsylvania. ‘The interstices
of the elytra vary, being sometimes almost flat, and sometimes distinctly convex. This
species is properly attached to the first division, from the other species of which it differs
only by the elytra being less broadly margined; the joints of the antennz following the
fourth are equal; and the fourth is hardly perceptibly longer than the fifth.

10. C.nitidulus, piceo-eneus, tenuiter cinereo-pubescens, thorace convexiusculo, latitudine sub-
longiore, antrorsum subangustato, lateribus parum rotundatis, angulis posticis acutis productis, rufes-
centibus, minus dense subtiliter punctato, postice canaliculato, elytris striis impunctatis, interstitiis
planis disperse punctulatis, antennis piceis basi pedibusque rufis. Long. *35—-4.

Abundant at Lake S$ Superior. Smaller and more slender than the next species; hardly
dilated on the sides: it is easily distinguished by its convex, less rounded, and less densely
punctured thorax.

11. C. aratus, crassiusculus, zneo-niger, tenuiter cinereo-pubescens, thorace latitudine sublon-
giore, paulo convexo, lateribus antice rotundatis, angulis posticis acutis productis rufescentibus, pos-

tice profunde canaliculato, confertim, lateribus densius punctato, clytris striis tenuibus, punctatis, in-
terstitiis pracipue planis, disperse punctulatis, pedibus rufis, antennis piceis. Long. -43—-53.

eee OF THE UNITED STATES. 439

Abundant at Lake Superior: smaller and more slender than the next species, hardly di-
Jated on the sides: it is easily distinguished by its convex, less rounded and less densely
punctured thorax. ’

11. C.-aratus, crassiusculus, eneéo-niger, tenuiter cinereo-pubescens, thorace latitudine sublon-
giore, paulo convexo, lateribus antice rotundatis, angulis posticis acutis, productis, rufescentibus, postice
profunde canaliculato, confertim, lateribus densius punctato, elytris striis tenuibus, punctatis, inter-
stitiis preecipue planis, disperse punctulatis, pedibus rufis, antennis piceis. Long. -43—-53.

Abundant at Lake Superior: closely resembles in form and characters C. splendens, but
is distinctly pubescent, and a little more slender in its general form: the fourth joint of the
antenne is not longer than the fifth.

A.—2.—a.

12. C. splendens, crassiusculus cupreo-zeneus, vel brunneo-aneus, supra vix tenuissime pubes-
cens, thorace paulo convexo, latitudine longiore, lateribus antice rotundatis, angulis posticis productis,
rufescentibus, confertim lateribus confertissime punctato, elytris striis punctulatis, antennis nigris,
pedibus prosternique lobo rufis. Long. -4—-52.

Diacanthus splendens Ziegler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 2, 44.

Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Lake Superior: it is Elater metallicus of Harris’ cata-
logue. The epipleure are sometimes tinged with rufous. The specimens from Lake Su-
perior usually have the thorax more densely punctured, but otherwise do not differ from
those found nearer the Atlantic.

13. C. exripennis, crassiusculus, niger, supra glaberrimus, thorace minus convexo, latitudine
sublongiore, lateribus late rotundatis, confertim punctato, angulis posticis elongatis, elytris viridi-
wneis nitidis, striis punctatis, interstitiis minus dense punctulatis. Long. *5—:58.

Aphotistus wxripennis Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 150, (1837.)

Elater appropinquans Randall, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. 2, 5, (1858.)

Diacanthus xripennis Germ. Zeitschr. 4, 82.

Very abundant at Lake Superior: found by Randall in Maine. The elytra vary in co-
lour, being sometimes almost coppery.

14. C. carbo, nigerrimus, supra glaber, thorace latitudine longiore, paulo convexo, dense late-
ribus confertissime punctato, antice angustato et lateribus rotundato, angulis posticis elongatis, elytris
striis punctatis, interstitiis fere planis, punctulatis. Long. -56.

One specimen from Oregon. Not so broad in its form as C. wripennis, but having, like
that species, the fourth joint of the antennee conspicuously longer than the fifth: it resem-
bles very much the next, but the thorax is entirely black, and the dorsal line is very faint,
and visible only near the base.

15. C. lateralis, nigerrimus, supra glaber, thorace latitudine longiore, paulo convexo, dense
lateribus sanguineis confertissime punctato, antice angustato et lateribus rotundato, angulis posticis
productis, dorso acute canaliculato, elytris striis vix punctulatis, interstitiis fere planis punctulatis.
Long. *54.

One specimen, Oregon, Col. M‘Call. The inflexed portion of the thorax, as well as a
broad lateral margin, is sanguineous: the antennze are as in the two preceding species.

440 REVISION OF THE ELATERIDE

16. C. coniungens, niger, parce griseo-pilosus, thorace canaliculato, latitudine longiore, antice
angustato, convexiusculo, ante basin paulo latiore, lateribus late rotundatis, sat punctato, lateribus
paulo densius, elytris lateribus vix dilatatis, apice vix oblique attenuatis, profunde striatis, striis punc-
tatis, interstitiis subbiseriatim punctatis, antennis rufo-piccis, pedibus ferrugineis. Long, -42.

One specimen, California, Mr. J. Child. This species at first seems similar to C. aethi-
ops, but the joints of the antenne are not broad and compressed, but are formed as in the
preceding species: the third joint is considerably jonger than the second, and a little Jon-
ger than the fourth, so that it cannot be associated in the division with C. rotundicollis and
C. sulcicollis, to which it forms a transition by its less dilated elytra.

17. C. pulcher, crassiusculus, vix tenuissime pubescens, niger, thorace quadrato, convexo, late-
ribus antice rotundatis, angulis posticis acutis paulo productis, confertim punctato, sanguineo, vitta
dilatata dorsali margine prosternoque nigerrimis, elytris testaceis, sutura, macula elongata humerali,
fasciaque pone medium transversa nigris, striis profundis punctulatis, interstitiis parce punctulatis,
abdominis lateribus sanguineis. Long. °53.

One specimen from New Hampshire in Dr. Harris’ collection. It closely resembles Ela-
tercruciatus Linn. of Europe, but differs (according to description) by the black feet
and antenne. ‘This species might perhaps be more naturally placed in the preceding di-
vision near C. hieroglyphicus: the joints of the antennze do not diminish in size after the
fourth, as in the preceding species of this division: the fourth is, however, decidedly lon-
ger than the fifth.

A.—2.—6.

18. C. crassus, obesus, piceo-niger, vix tenuissime pubescens, fronte profunde coneava, thorace
transverso, inflato, lateribus antice rotundatis, apice fortius transversim impresso, minus dense punc-
tato, elytris striis punctatis, interstitiis planis parcius punctatis, pedibus piceis. Long. °55.

Kentucky, Dr. Harris; Pennsylvania, Dr. Melsheimer. The deep impression along the
apical margin of the thorax is dilated at the angle, each side, and is a remarkable charac-
ter. [tis much more robust and inflated in its form than any other of our species.

A.—2.—¢.

19. C. rotundicollis, angustatus, niger, glaber, thorace quadrato, latitudine paulo breviore,
lateribus rotundato, angulis posticis parvis acutis divaricatis, convexo, parce subtilius punctato, (seepe
sanguineo,) elytris lateribus vix dilatatis, apice rotundatim attenuatis, striis profundis impunctatis,
interstitils vix punctulatis, pedibus nigris, tarsis fere testaceis. Long. -41.

Flater rotundicollis Say, Ann. Lye. 1, 259, (var. thor. sanguineo.)

Vermont, Prof. Adams. The black variety is from Pennsylvania, and was given me by
Rev. D. Ziegler. The remarkably rounded, quadrate thorax, with small, sharp, diverging
angles, will distinguish this from any other native species. It differs from all the preceding
by the more parallel elytra, which behind the middle are not obliquely narrowed, but re-
gularly rounded. _ The fourth joint of the antenna, although longer than the following, is
not so much so as in the specics just described: the antennae are hardly serrate, so that
the fourth and following joints are very little wider than the third.

OF THE UNITED STATES. 441

Diacanthus sticticus and russicollis, Germ. (Zeitschr., 4, 74,) seem to be closely
related to this species, but must be different: the former has the thorax slightly rounded
on the sides; the latter has the thorax and feet rufous, and the thorax strongly rounded
on the sides.

Elater rubricollis Say, (Journ. Acad. 3, 177,) quoted by Germar, under his D. rus-
sicollis, is in reality Herbst’s species of the same name, and will be found under Elater
rubricollis of the present essay.

20. C. sulcicollis, elongatus, parallelus, nigro-piceus, glaber, thorace antice sublatiore latitu-
dine fere sesqui longiore, lateribus rectis, apice breviter rotundatis, minus convexo, confertim punc-
tato, profunde canaliculato, angulis posticis acutis, elytris apice rotundatim attenuatis, striis punctatis ,
interstitiis modice convexis, punctulatis, epipleuris pedibusque piceo-rufis. Long. *55—"6.

Elater parallelus || Say, Ann. Lye. 1, 256.

Elater sulcicollis Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 168.

Middle and Southern States, rare. The joints of the antennee are moderately dilated
and diminish gradually in length from the fourth.

==,

21. C. nubilipennis, elongatus linearis, vix pallide pubescens, niger, fronte subconcava, thorace
latitudine longiore, antrorsum vix angustato, lateribus paulo rotundatis, minus dense punctato, postice
canaliculato, elytris parallelis, striis punctatis, interstitiis disperse punctulatis, testaceis pone basin
et ad medium infuscatis. Long. -34.

One specimen from Oregon, Col. M’Call. ‘The posterior angles of the thorax are long
and acute; the third joint of the antennz is equal in length to the fourth, but is not at all
dilated. The last joint is wanting, so that we cannot be certain that it belongs to this
division; its general appearance, however, prevents it from being placed in any other.
The front is slightly concave, not showing the quadrate outline which may be perceived
in the others of this group.

22. ©. erarius, elongatus, supra glaber, splendide viridiaureus, thorace latitudine longiore, an-
trorsum subangustato, lateribus late rotundatis, sat dense lateribus confertim punctato, cupreo-mar-
ginate, postice subcanaliculato, elytris striis punctatis, interstitiis parce subtiliter punctulatis, anten-
nis nigris, articulo 3° non dilatato. Long. *45—-56.

Elater xrarius Randall, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 2, 7.

Elater (diacanthus) Racinei Chevrolat, Rey. et Mag. de Zoologie, 1852.

Lake Superior, Maine, Newfoundland. This must be very similar to C. resplendens,
(Germ. Zeitschr. 4, 60,) which, however, must have the third joint of the antennz dilated.
In my catalogue of Lake Superior Coleoptera, I have placed them as synonymous, but,
until comparisons are made, they must be considered as distinct. The front in this
species is not slightly concave as in the preceding, but flattened, not quite so straight
along the anterior part, where the declivity commences, as in the next two species, but
showing a tendency to become quadrangular; the antenne of both sexes are strongly
serrate.

Varieties occur of a golden copper, and also of a bluish green colour.

442 REVISION OF THE ELATERIDA

23. C. furtivus, elongatus, linearis, eneo-piceus, cinereo-pubescens, thorace latitudine longiore,
antrorsum vix angustato, lateribus rotundatis, punctato, postice profunde canaliculato, elytris striis
punctulatis, interstitiis fere planis, sat dense punctulatis, pedibus piceis. Long. -45.

One male specimen, Oregon. ‘This species exactly resembles C. appressifrons in ap-
pearance; the third joint of the antennse, however, is not dilated, and the elytra are
slightly obliquely attenuated behind the middle; the front is almost flat, and the declivity
commences along a straight line, which gives a quadrate appearance to the front, and in-
dicates an osculation with Limonius.

24. C. atropurpureus, elongatus, linearis, cupreo-piceus, cinereo-pubescens, thorace latitudine
longiore, convexo antice angustato, lateribus postice subrectis, antice rotundatis, sat dense punctato,
canaliculato, elytris striis vix punctulatis, interstitiis planiusculis parce punctulatis, epipleuris pedi-
busque rufis, antennis piceis. Long. -44.

Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 215.

IT have only seen the typical female specimen in Dr. Melsheimer’s collection; it was
found in Pennsylvania. The antenne are hardly as long as the thorax, and the third joint
is not at all dilated. ‘The front is as in the preceding species.

A.—4.

25. C. appressifrons, piceus, obsolete zenescens, cinereo-pubescens, eylindricus, postice obtusus,
thorace latitudine longiore, antice non angustato, lateribus fere rectis, angulis posticis acutis divari-
catis, sat punctato, postice canaliculato, elytris striis acutis, punctulatis, interstitiis fere planis punc-
tatis, epipleuris pedibusque rufo-piceis.

Mas, thorace latitudine fere sesqui longiore, modice convexo: antennis thorace longioribus. Long.
-45— 5.

later appressifrons Say, Ann. Lye. 1, 267; Harris, Insects Injurious to Vegetation, Ist, 49; 2d, 48.

Corymbetes cylindriformis { Germ. Zeitschr. 4, 64. ;

Femina, thorace latitudine paulo longiore, magis convexo: angulis posticis minus productis; anten-
nis thorace brevioribus. Long. ‘6—-72.

Elater brevicornis Say, Ann. Lye. 1, 265,

Corymbetes parallelopipedus Germ. Zeitschr. 4, 66.

Middle States, abundant. We are indebted to Dr. Harris for the discovery of the in-
teresting difference in form, in the sexes of this species,

For the reasons upon which I refuse to adopt Germar’s opinion, that this is the Elater
cylindriformis Herbst, see the remarks under Limonius cylindriformis.

A.—od.
26. C. obscurus, ater, subtiliter nigro-pubescens, subparallelus, fronte concava thorace latitudine
non longiore, antrorsum vix angustato, lateribus late rotundatis angulis posticis breviusculis, parum
convexo, confertim punctato, linea dorsali vix conspicua levi, elytris pone medium subattenuatis,
striis tenuibus, interstitiis fere planis confertim punctulatis. Long. -46.

One specimen, California, Mr. Pease. Body moderately elongated, not dilated on the

sides, black, not very shining, finely pubescent with grayish black hair; head broadly
concave, punctured; thorax not longer than wide, slightly convex, densely punctured,

- N

OF THE UNITED STATES. 443

especially at the sides, with a hardly perceptible smooth not impressed dorsal line; sides
broadly rounded, posterior angles short, truncate, slightly divergent. Elytra not wider
than the thorax, very slightly obliquely attenuated behind the middle; strize fine, well im-
pressed; interstices tolerably densely, finely punctured. Legs and antenne entirely black;
the latter as in the male of C. appressifrons, with the joints triangular, not produced at
the angle; the third joint a little smaller than the fourth; the eleventh elongated, deeply
constricted. ;

27. C. cribrosus, ater, breviter nigro-pubescens, subparallelus, fronte concava, thorace latitudine
longiore, lateribus late rotundato, antrorsum vix angustato, canaliculato, grossius, lateribus dense
punctato, angulis posticis acutis subdivergentibus, elytris striis punctulatis, interstitiis punctatis et
rugosis, fere scabris. Long. -54.

California, San Francisco. The antennz are much more strongly serrate than in any
of the preceding species; the joints are decidedly broader than long, and somewhat pro-
duced externally; the third joint is smaller than the fourth, and the eleventh is constricted.
The elytra are very slightly obliquely attenuated behind the middle.

28. C. signaticollis, niger, nitidus, supra glaber, subparallelus, fronte concaya, thorace latitu-
dine longiore, parce grossius punctato, antrorsum vix angustato, lateribus late rotundatis, leete rufo,
vitta dorsali lata, angulisque posticis divergentibus nigris: elytris striis punctatis profundis, intersti-
tils vix punctulatis, pedibus piceis. Long. °33.

Diacanthus? signaticollis Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 2, 216.

Middle and Southern States, not common. The antenne of this species are very
strongly serrate, the joints not transverse, with the outer angle produced; the third is
somewhat smaller than the fourth; the eleventh constricted. The prosternum is entirely
black, the inflexed portion of the prothorax is red, becoming black towards the sternum.

29. C. trivittatus, ferrugineus, cinereo-pubescens, subparallelus, capite nigro, concavo, thorace
latitudine sublongiore, antrorsum modice angustato, lateribus rotundatis, angulis posticis acutis diver-
gentibus, maculaque magna dorsali nigris, sat dense punctato, leviter canaliculato, elytris flavo-testa-
ceis, sutura vittaque discoidali, sepe ante medium interrupta nigris, striis irregulariter, interstitiis
vage punctatis, tarsis piceis, antennis nigris articulo 3'° sequenti multo minore, vix triangulari. Long.
-46—-68.

Abundant in the upper portions of the Southern States; sent me by Zimmermann, as
Pristilophus 3-vittatusGerm. MSS. This species is of difficult location, but from its con-
cave front, narrow form, and strongly serrate antenne, it seems most naturally placed in
the present division, forming the transition from those having the third joint of the anten-—
ne dilated, to the two following, in which it is almost cylindrical. The pubescence of
the under surface is silvery, and the sutures of the pectus are blackish; the last joint of
the antennz is strongly constricted.

30. C. ethiops, niger, tenuissime cinereo-pubescens, subparallelus, postice magis angustatus,
fronte concaya, thorace latitudine longiore antrorsum subangustato, lateribus late rotundato, canali-
culato, punctato, densius ad latera, elytris striis punctatis, interstitiis vage punctatis, antennis arti-
culo 3° sequenti non breviore, vix dilatato. Long. ‘535—-83,

Elater wthiops Herbst, Kifer, 10, 70; tab. 164, fig. 4.

Pristilophus zthiops Germ. Zeitschr. 4, 86.

444 REVISION OF THE ELATERID”D

Middle States, not rare. The tarsi are somewhat more densely pubescent than usual,
but by no means brush-like beneath, as in the large species with prominent mesosternum,
placed by Germar in the same genus with this species, but which I have removed under
the name Melanactes.

31. C. maurus, ater, minus nitidus, tenuissime fusco-pubescens, subparallelus, fronte concava,
thorace latitudine longiore, lateribus postice parallelis antice rotundatis, angulis posticis acutis diver-
gentibus, leviter canaliculato, dense, lateribus confluenter punctato, elytris striis punctatis, interstitiis
fere planis sat dense punctatis et rugosis, antennarum articulo 3° subdilatato, 4° non breviore. Long.
63.

Oregon, Col. M‘Call. Sufficiently distinct from any other species herein described, and
apparently more nearly related to C. ethiops; the third joint of the antenne is triangular,
as long, but only half as wide as the following, which are acutely triangular, but not pro-
duced at the angle; the eleventh joint is not longer than the tenth, not acuminate, but
still distinctly constricted.

A.—6*.—a.

32. C. vernalis, ater, tenuiter fusco-pubescens, thorace latitudine longiore, antrorsum angus-
tato, lateribus rotundatis, subtiliter punctato, angulis posticis divergentibus, elytris lete flavis, macula
scutellari, alterisque utrinque duabus ‘subrotundatis nigris, striis punctatis, interstitiis subtilissime
punctulatis, fere planis, antennze maxime serratis, articulo 3 sequenti non minore. Long. °28.

Germar, Zeitschr. 4, 56.

Elater vernalis Hentz, J. Ac. Nat. Sc. 5, 374; tab. 13, fig. 2: Say, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 172.

Middle, Southern, and Western States, rare. The third joint of the antenne is not
smaller than the fourth, but its outer angle is not produced.

33. C. Kendalli, nigro-cupreus, tenuiter cinereo-pubescens, thorace latitudine vix longiore, an-
trorsum angustato, lateribus rotundato, angulis posticis acutis divergentibus, convexo, profunde et late
canaliculato, punctato densius ad latera, elytris luteo-testaceis, striis punctulatis, interstitiis fere pla-
nis, subtilius punctatis, plaga elongata versus apicem suturaque purpurascentibus, antennis articulo 3”
sequenti nun minore. Long. °6.

Germar, Zeitschr. 4, 57. :

Ctenicerus Kendalli Kirby, Fauna Bor. Amer. 149; tab. 2, fig. 7, (1837.)

Elator anchorago Randall, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 2, 5, (1838.)

One specimen, found on the north shore of Lake Superior. Mr. Randall found it in Maine:
Kirby’s specimen was found in lat. 65°. The thorax is so deeply and broadly channelled

that the disc appears longitudinally elevated each side: the antenne of the male are pec-
tinate.

34. C. cuprascens, wxneo-cupreus, equaliter cinereo-pubescens, thorace latitudine sublongiore,
antrorsum angustato, lateribus rotundato, angulis posticis elongatis, divergentibus, canaliculato, punc-
tato, densius ad latera, elytris striis punctulatis, interstitiis planis confertim subtilius punctulatis, pe-

dibus rufis, antennis piceis, basi rufescentibus, articulo 3'° sequenti paulo minore, 11™° non constricto.
Long. *63.

One specimen, Saratoga, Mr. James Thomson. Very similar to the next, but is more
robust than the female of that species: the principal differences are that the antenne have

OF THE UNITED STATES. 445

not the last joint constricted, and that the pubescence of the upper surface is uniformly
distributed.

_— 35. C. micans, eneo-cupreus, cinereo-pubescens, thorace latitudine longiore, antrorsum suban-

gustato, lateribus antice rotundatis, angulis posticis elongatis divergentibus, subcanaliculato, punctato
densius ad latera, elytris striis punctulatis, interstitiis planis confertim subtilius punctulatis, spatiis
transversis denudatis subfasciatis, antennis piceis vel nigris, articulo 3'° sequente vix minore, 11™° con-
stricto. Long. -6—-6.
Germar, Zeitschr. 4, 62.

New York and New England. In the female the antenne are shorter than the thorax,
and the elytra behind the middle are more suddenly narrowed to the apex.

A.—6*.—6,

36. C. tarsalis, eclongatus, eneo-niger, vix nitidus, tenuiter fusco-pubescens, thorace latitudine
fere sesqui longiore, antrorsum subangustato, lateribus vix late rotundatis, angulis posticis productis,
vix obsolete carinatis, minus convexo, confertim lateribus confertissime punctato, elytris luteis, su-
tura nigricante, striis punctatis, interstitiis subconvexis, dense punctulatis, pedibus testaceis, antennis
nigris articulo 3° sequenti fere xequali, 11™” constricto. Long. °45.

Athous tarsalis Melsheimer Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 2, 157.

Massachusetts to Maryland, not common. It is the Elater suturalis, Harris’ Cat., ac-
cording to a specimen communicated to me by Dr. Harris. Dr. Melsheimer describes his
specimen as having black tarsi, but on examination [ find that they are only fuscous: in
most specimens they are no darker than the tibia. In his specimen, as in Dr. Harris’,
there is an oblong fovea at the apex of the clypeus, which, however, is wanting in my
specimens. ‘There can be no donbt about the generic position of this species; it only
differs from the neighbouring species in having the carina of the posterior thoracic angles
less distinct.

A variety in Dr. Harris’ collection, from New Hampshire, is a little more lustrous, and
has the interstices of the elytra less densely punctulate.

37. C. telum, valde elongatus, linearis, fusco-niger, subseneus, tenuiter cinereo-pubescens, tho-
race latitudine sesqui longiore, antrorsum vix angustato, lateribus rectis, angulis posticis valde diver-
gentibus non carinatis, confertim lateribus confertissime punctato, elytris tenuiter striatis, interstitiis
confertissime rugosis, pedibus fusco-piceis, antennis elongatis, nigerrimis. Long. -4.

One specimen, Oregon. Although having the same structure of antenne, and the same
sculpture of thorax, as the preceding, this species, by its form, approaches very-closely to
the species of a subsequent division, containing C. pyrrhos: the triangular joints of the
antenne, and the slightly convex front, require it to be placed in this division.

A.—6?*,

38. C. semiluteus, ater, tenuiter fusco-pubescens, thorace latitudine longiore, lateribus postice
parallelis, ante medium rotundatis, confertim subtilius punctato, linea dorsali tenui levi parum con-
vexo, angulis posticis non divergentibus, elytris minus convexis fortius marginatis luteo-testaceis, an-
tice parallelis pone medium oblique attenuatis, striis subtiliter punctatis, interstitiis confertissime punc-
tulatis, antennarum articnlo 3 sequenti eqnuali. Long. 48.

446 REVISION OF THE BELATERIDE

One specimen, California, collected by Mr.Child. This species with the following esta-
blishes a passage to C. rubidipennis and others above described: the sides of the elytra are
however less dilated, so as not to alter the regular outline of the anterior portion; the anten-
nx are also more compressed, and the third joint is fully as large as the following ones:
the last joint is wanting, but is probably not constricted.

39. C. fallax, ater, cinereo-sericeus, thorace latitudine sublongiore, antrorsum angustato, late-
ribus rotundatis, angulis posticis brevibus divarieatis apice obtusiusculis, confertim punctato, postice
subcanaliculato, elytris piceo-testaceis tenuiter striatis, interstitiis confertissime subtiliter punctulatis
fasciis duabus subdenudatis notatis, fortius marginatis, pone medium oblique attenuatis, pedibus tes-
taceis femoribus obscurioribus, antennis nigris, articulo 3'° sequente non breviore, parum dilatato.
Long. *42.

Hater fallax Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6; 170.

One specimen, Lake Superior, Dr. Harris has found it in New Hampshire. This species
completes the connexion with the species in the first group of the genus: in addition to
the obliquely attenuated and broadly margined elytra, the third joint of the antenne is
only half as wide as the fourth: the last joint is not constricted. The bands on the elytra
are produced by the hairs being placed in a different direction, so as not to reflect the light
when the other portions show a sericcous lustre.

40. C. divaricatus, fusco-piceus, breviter griseo-pubescens, fronte paulo coneava, thorace pa-
rum convexo, latitudine sublongiore antrorsum paulo angustato, lateribus omnino rectis apice subito
inflexis, angulis posticis elongatis divaricatis, confertim sat grosse punctato, canaliculato, elytris pone
medium oblique attenuatis, plus minusve fusco-testaceis, striis punctatis vix impressis, interstitiis sub-
tilius punctatis, antennis articulo 3'° 4° gquali, 11™° vix constricto. Long. *37—-45.

Georgia and Carolina, abundant. This species will be easily distinguished by the long
divergent posterior angles of the thorax,and the straight sides which are inflexed suddenly
at the apex, so that the anterior angles: become rounded: the apex is transversely impressed
and excavated each side as in a few other species. ‘The elytra are usually brownish, but
are sometimes as dark as the thorax.

40. C. appressus, latiusculus, niger, supra glaber, thorace latitudine breviore, antrorsum angus-
tato, lateribus late rotundatis, angulis posticis productis subdivergentibus, obsolete carinatis, apice
lateribusque postice latioribus lete rufis, confertim subtiliter punctato, elytris postice suboblique atten-
natis, fortius marginatis, lete flavis, sutura antice latiore, macula oblonga humerali, lineaque pone
medium nigerrimis, striis vix punctatis, interstitiis planis punctulatis, tibiis basi testaceis, antennis
nigris, articulo 3'° 4° gequali, 11° vix constricto. Long. ‘4.

later appressus Randall, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 2, 11.

Corymbites mirificus Le Conte, Agass. Lake Sup. 228.

One specimen, Lake Superior; Randall found it in Maine. By its shorter thorax and
broader form, this species is remarkably different from all the other species here described,
in which the third joint of the antennx is dilated; but by the more distinctly margined
elytra it shows an affinity to the two preceding species. The under surface is black, with
the exception of the inflexed margin of the prothorax, which is red, with a large discoidal
black spot; the black line of the elytra is connected with some indistinct black marks
about the middle, which in some specimens may form a transverse fascia.

OF THE UNITED STATES. 447

A.—7.

42. C. spinosus, modice clongatus, piceo-niger, tenuiter cinereo-pubescens, thorace latitudine
longiore, parum convexo, antrorsum subangustato, lateribus late rotundatis, confertim subtiliter pune-
tato, angulis posticis elongatis, subtestaceis, elytris piceo-testaceis, pone medium suboblique angus-
tatis, dense punctatis, obsolete striatis, pedibus piceis, antennis nigris, articulis elongatis, 3°° sequenti
non angustiore. Long. -48—-62.

Lake Superior, not rare. This species is an osculant between this division from which
it borrows the slender subquadrate antennal joints, and the first division, to which it ap-
proaches by the somewhat obliquely attenuated elytra; the elytra are, however, not
strongly margined, and possibly a nearer approach is made to C. tarsalis, of the preceding
division. The posterior angles of the thorax are finely and strongly carinate, and the
carina is parallel to the lateral margin. ‘The sides of the thorax are more rounded in the
female than in the male, and the thorax is less narrowed in front; the antennz of the female
are hardly longer than the thorax, those of the male are nearly half as long as the body.

43. C. pyrrhos, valde elongatus, linearis, fusco-testaceus, vel fuscus pubescens, fronte subconeava,
thorace latitudine plus sesqui longiore, subconvexo, confertim punctato, linea tenui dorsali leevi, an-
gulis posticis elongatis, divaricatis, elytris striis punctatis, interstitiis vage punctatis, vix convexis,
abdomine, pedibus, antennisque flavo-testaceis, his articulo 3'° sequenti wquali. Long. -67—-84.

Mas, thorace lateribus fere rectis, elytris postice haud oblique attenuatis ; antennis valde elongatis.

Elater pyrrhos Herbst, Kifer, 10, 30; tab. 160, fig. 11: Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soe. 6, 186.

Femina, thorace lateribus obtuse subangulatis, elytris paulo dilatatis et oblique attenuatis.

Athous pyrrhicus Hald. Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 1, 303.
Athous vagrans Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 2, 153.
Athous equalis Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 2, 153.

Middle, Southern, and Western States, not rare. Although placed in Athous by many
authors, this species does not differ in any respect from Corymbites; the first joint of the
tarsi is not as long as the two following, nor is the front margined anteriorly.

44. C. bivittatus, valde elongatus, linearis, nigro-piceus, fusco-pubescens, fronte concava, tho-
race latitudine plus sesqui longiore, antrorsum paulo angustato, lateribus rectis, angulis posticis
elongatis testaceis, scabro-punctato, margine apicali, lineaque dorsali seepe obsoleta testaceis, elytris
testaceis, sutura, vitta dorsali margineque plus minus nigro-piceis, striis punctatis, interstitiis planis
scabris, antennis piceis vel fuscis articulo 3'° sequente paulo breviore. Long. *32—-42.

Campylus ? bivittatus Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 2, 219.

Middle, Southern, and Western States. A variety found in New Jersey by Mr. Guex,
has the elytra luteous with the exception of a narrow black sutural and marginal line;
another from Illinois has the thorax testaceous, with two broad dorsal vittae, and a narrow
marginal line blackish. ‘The feet are sometimes piceous, sometimes testaccous. The
antenne are half as long as the body in my specimens, all of which appear to be males.

45. C. iaculus, valde elongatus, linearis, fusco-piceus, fusco-pubescens, fronte valde concava, an-
tice submarginata, thorace latitudine plus sesqui longiore, lateribus rectis parallelis, apice paulo ro-
tundatis, confertim punctato, angulis posticis divergentibus, productis, elytris striis punctatis, inter-
Stitiis subconvexis, rugose punctulatis, pedibus piceo-testaceis, antennis articulo 3° sequente vix mi-
nore. Long. -45.

VoL. X.—T74

448 REVISION OF THE ELATERIDA

Two specimens, San Diego, California. Although differing slightly in the form of the
front, and in the smaller size of the fourth tarsal joint, this species is so exact a miniature
of C. pyrrhos, that it cannot be separated as a distinct genus.

Body dark fuscous, covered with fine short brownish gray hair; head densely punctured,
deeply concave, with the lateral margins indistinctly uniting at tip; eyes prominent. An-
tennz half as long as the body, second joint small; the following ones compressed, elon-
gate, very slightly triangular, the third not quite as long as the fourth, the eleventh hardly
acuminate. Thorax more than one-half longer than wide, sides straight, except at the
apex, where they are very slightly rounded; posterior angles elongate, acute, slightly di-
verging, carina sharp, near the lateral margin; disc densely and coarsely punctured ;
elytra parallel, rounded posteriorly, strie fine, subpunctulate, interstices very slightly con-
vex, rugosely punctulate, especially near the strie; beneath somewhat paler, legs almost
testaceous, tarsi with the first joint decidedly longer than the second, and with the fourth
joint one-half as long as the third.

B.

46. C. insidiosus, eneo-niger, longiusculus, cinereo-pubescens, thorace minus convexo, angulis
anticis foveatis, quadrato, lateribus parallelis antice rotundatis, angulis posticis angustis, acutis cari-
natis divergentibus, minus dense punctulato, subcanaliculato, elytris densius punctatis, testaceis, ob-
solete striatis, antennis vix serratis piceis, articulis 2 et 3 equalibus sequente coniunctis longioribus,
ano pedibusque fusco-testaceis. Long. °45. :

Lake Superior, rare. A very easily distinguished species, of a somewhat elongate form,
with the elytra slightly obliquely attenuated behind the middle. The first joint of the
tarsi is hardly longer than the second.

47. C. falsificus, ewneo-niger, clongatus cinereo-pubescens, thorace latitudine longiore, con-
vexiusculo, lateribus rectis parallelis apice rotundatis, angulis posticis parvis divaricatis non carinatis,
subtestaceis, disco subtiliter punctato, subcanaliculato, elytris testaceis, tenuiter striatis, interstitiis
dense punctatis, sutura infuscata, pedibus testaceis, antennis piceis, vix serratis, basi testaceis, articu-

lis 2 et 3 wqualibus coniunctis 4° longioribus. Long. *3—-365.

In form closely resembles the preceding, but the smaller size and non-carinated angles
of the thorax distinguish it: the thorax at the apex is indistinctly margined, and somewhat
impressed near the angles: the first joint of the tarsi is conspicuously longer than the
others.

In case the small spongy tuft at the tip of the tarsal joints should not be considered of
sufficient importance to warrant the grouping of the species here adopted, the natural
position of this and the preceding species would be in Div. (2,) in the same group with
C.inflatus, forming the transition between that in C. rotundicollis.

48. C. mendax, piceo-eneus, elongatus, cinereo-pubescens, thorace latitudine longiore, con-
vexo, ad apicem utrinque transversim impresso, lateribus ante medium rotundatis, angulis posticis
carinatis divergentibus, confertim punctato, subcanaliculato, elytris striis punctatis, interstitiis planis
rugose punctulatis, antennis nigris, vix serratis, articulo 3'° 2"° paulo longiore, coniunctis 4° longio-
ribus, pedibus piceis. Long. 41. F

One specimen, Lake Superior: has the appearance of Limonius, but the front is not

OF THE UNITED STATES. 449

margined anteriorly, and not quadrate: its real affinities are with the two preceding spe-
cies, from which it differs by its more convex and coarsely punctured thorax. The elytra
are somewhat obliquely narrowed posteriorly, and more strongly margined than in the
two preceding. ‘The first joint of the tarsi is not longer than the second.

49. C. angularis, nigro-piceus, valde elongatus, tenuiter pubescens, thorace latitudine fere
sesqui longiore, antice non angustato, parum convexo, lateribus fere rectis, apice submarginato,
angulis anticis rufescentibus latius marginatis, angulis posticis acutis divaricatis, Setaceis, carina
margini valde approximata, confertim punctato, elytris striis punctulatis, interstitiis rugose-punctu-
latis, pedibus piceis, antennis nigris, basi piceis, subserratis, articulo 3° 4° non breviore, subcylindrico.
Long. .35.

One specimen, Oregon. Although evidently allied to the others in this division, the
third joint of the antennz is considerably narrower than the following ones: the curious
reflexed margin of the anterior thoracic angles will easily distinguish this species: the
sides of the thorax are almost straight, slightly rounded at the apex, and before the basal
angles: the first joint of the tarsi is slightly longer than the second.

Asapues Kirby.

Although but one species of this genus is described by Kirby and another by Germar, I
find that several of our Elaters possess characters which require them to be associated
with his type. They seem to form a natural group approaching most nearly to Corym-
bites, and indeed differing from that genus only in the structure of the tarsi. The second
and third joints of the tarsi are dilated beneath into a short spongy lobe: the first joint is as
long as the second and third together, and usually spongy at the tip: the fourth joint is
small and narrow, received upon the third, and is sometimes also spongy beneath: the fifth
joint is elongate with simple claws.

Our species may be grouped according to the presence or absence of the basal fissures
and carine of the thorax. The third joint of the antenne is more or less dilated and
usually but little smaller than the fourth. The first group osculates with Corymbites:
the second with Athous and Pedetes.

A. Thorax fissuris basalibus distinctis ; angulis posticis carinatis.
» 1, A. hemipodus, crassus, nigro-piceus, subzenescens, tenuiter griseo-pubescens, thorace subtrans-
~ verso valde conyexo, transyersim subcorrugato, modice punctato, densius ad latera, lateribus rotun-
datis, angulis posticis parvis divergentibus, elytris ad medium latioribus, dein oblique angustatis, striis

punctulatis, interstitiis vage punctatis, pedibus obscure rufis. Long. °61.
Elater hemipodus Say, Ann. Lye. 1, 254: Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 176.

One specimen, Maryland, Prof. Adams: a curious robust species which exhibits a won-
derful resemblance to Corymbites crassus above described. The transverse wrinkles of
the thorax are not mentioned by Say, and are possibly not constant. The elytra have
four broad faint impressions, producing a slight elevation about the middle, nearer to the
side than to the suture: the third joint of the antennz appears to be about the same size
as the fourth, and hardly narrower.

450 REVISION OF THE BLATERIDA

2. A. memnonius, atro-fuscus, fusco-pubescens, thorace non transverso, antice vix angustato
dense punctato, linea levi dorsali vix distincta postice impressa, angulis posticis parvis non divergen-
tibus, elytris confertim punctatis, striis distincte punctatis, antennis pedibusque piceo-rufis. Long.
-63—-82.

Elater nemnonius (err. typ.) Herbst, Kifer, 10, 29, tab. 160, fig. 10: Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soe.
6, 176.

Pedetes (Asaphes) ruficornis Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 146.

Maine, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Alabama. ‘The thorax of the female is more convex than
the male, and more rounded on the sides. The interstices of the elytra are usually slightly
convex, but one individual from Mr. Guex has them entirely flat. The carinw of the pos-
terior angles of the thorax are parallel with the margin and very strongly marked.

3. A. baridius, nigro-fuscus, fusco-pubescens, thorace subtransverso, antice angustato, lateribus
ante medium valde rotundatis, dense punctato, linea dorsali postice subimpressa, angulis posticis non
divaricatis, elytris striis punctatis, interstitiis subconvexis confertim punctatis, antennis pedibusque
rufo-piceis. Long. -90.

Elater baridius Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soe. 6, 176.

Hemicrepidius Thomast Germ. Zeitschr. 1, 213.

Maine to Georgia. I was at first inclined to believe this merely a variety of the pre-
ceding, but as the difference in the form of the thorax cannot be aitogether sexual, they
must be considered as distinct: the carinze of the posterior angles of the thorax, as in the
preceding, are very strong and parallel with the margin.

4. A. morio, niger, nitidus, parce pubescens, thorace latitudine non longiore parce punctato, pos-
tice canaliculato, angulis posticis non divergentibus, carina divergente, elytris striis profundis pune-
tatis, interstitiis subconvexis, minus dense punctulatis. Long. 70.

One female, Oregon, Col. M’Call: the sides of the thorax are broadly rounded before
the middle. This species has the robust form of A. memnonius, but the thorax is
quite finely and thinly punctured at the middle, and more coarsely and densely at the sides:
the carine of the posterior angles of the thorax are not parallel with the sides. The striae
of the elytra are more strongly punctured before the middle, and the outer strie are deeper
than those towards the suture: the interstices are moderately convex, finely not densely
punctulate; from each puncture proceeds a short blackish hair, forming an indistinct pu-
bescence.

5. A. aereus, elongatus, nigro-piceus, enescens, cinereo-pubescens, fronte paulo concava, thorace
subtilius punctato, densius et subtilius versus latera, latitudine longiore, angulis posticis subdivari-
catis, elytris striis punctatis, interstitiis subconvexis, punctatis, pedibus rufis vel piceis, antennis nigro-
piceis, articulo 3° modice dilatato. Long. -43—-45.

Athous «reus Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 156. (2)

Athous «neolus Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 2, 156. ( 2)

Middle and Southern States. The male resembles very much in appearance Corym-
bites appressifrons: the sides of the thorax are very slightly rounded, and the third joint
of the antenne, though narrower, is as long as the fourth. The female has the thorax nar-
rowed and rounded before the middle, and the third joint of the antenne about two-thirds

OF THE UNITED STATES. 451

the length of the fourth. The front is slightly concave as in all the preceding species, a
character which with the finer and denser punctuation of the thorax and prosternum, will
readily distinguish this from the next species. The legs seem subject to variation in co-
lour: sometimes they are bright testaceous yellow, and sometimes very dark piceous. A
typical specimen of Athous eneolus furnished me by Dr. Melsheimer is a male of the va-
riety with dark legs.

6. A. decoloratus, piceo-niger, elongatus, cinereo-pubescens, fronte plana, non concaya, thorace
convexiusculo, latitudine longiore, subtiliter punctato, angulis posticis subdivergentibus, elytris (sxepe
testaceis) striis profundis vix punctatis, interstitiis subconvexis, parce subtiliter punctulatis, antennis
(basi spe rufis) articulo 3° yix dilatato, 4° paulo breviore, pedibus vel testaceis vel nigris. Long.
*30—'d.

Elater decoloratus Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soe. 6, 180.

Middle, Eastern, and Western States.- Distinguished from the preceding by the punc-
tuation of the thorax being more distinct, the thorax itself less convex, and the front not
concave, although marked with two faint impressions; the third joint of the antenne ap-
pears less dilated: in the male it is as long as the fourth; in the female somewhat shorter;
the sides of the thorax are almost straight in the male, while in the female they are
rounded before the middle. Among the specimens in my collection are three well marked
types, which, however, are not sufficiently distinct to stand as species:

«. Corpus nigrum, elytris testaceis, pedibus testaceis, vel fusco-testaceis. (Hl. dec. Say.)
6. Corpus nigrum, pedibus, antennisque basi flavo-testaceis. (EJ. zanthopus | Harris.)
vy. Corpus nigrum, antennis pedibusque nigro-piceis.

Of the first variety, the base of the antenne is sometimes almost testaceous; of variety
(@) I have seen only females, and of (yv) only males.

7. A. indistinctus, piceo-niger, elongatus cinereo-pubescens, fronte concava, thorace latitudine
longiore, subtiliter, medio fere obsolete punctato, angulis posticis subdivergentibus, elytris striis punc-
tatis, interstitiis fere planis, subtiliter parce punctulatis, pedibus testaceis, antennis articulo 3° non
dilatato (feminze 2°¢° vix longiore.) Long. 45.

One specimen, Georgia, with the thorax moderately convex, and the sides rounded
before the middle. Easily distinguished from any of the varieties of the two preceding
species, by the finer and more distant punctures of the thorax, and the more concave front,

B. Thorax fissuris basalibus nullis, angulis posticis non carinatis.
- 8. A.melanophthalmus, castaneus, vel rufo-piceus, helvo-pubescens, thorace confertim punc-
tato, latitudine longiore, ante basin paulo latiore, angulis posticis parvis acutis, obsolete canaliculato,
elytris striis antice punctatis, interstitiis planis minus dense punctatis, pedibus pallidioribus, antenna
rum articulo ultimo constricto. Long. ‘6—-7.

Athous melanophthalmus Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 2, 154.

Middle States, rare; as in the other species of this division, the front is slightly con-
cave. This and the following species are so closely related, that it is very difficult to
point out sufficient characters to distinguish them; the differences in the shape of the
thorax in the sexes of the same species, also complicate the subject, as the precise sexual

452 REVISION OF THE ELATERIDZ

relations are not known in all the species. I have endeavoured to point out such dis-
tinctive characters as appear to be independent of sex, but am very doubtful about the
correctness of the results; although the differences of the posterior thoracic angles, the
strive of the elytra, and the constriction of the last joint of the antenne are very consider-
able, yet until the sexual relations are fully understood, no great confidence can be felt in
such characters, where the external appearance is so uniform.

This supposed species has the posterior angles of the thorax very small, not at all di-
vergent, and acute; the sides of the thorax are broadly rounded, more so in (the female ?)
one sex than in the other; the last joint of the antenne is strongly constricted and acu-
minate. ‘The colour varies from dark reddish brown to castaneous; the pectus is some-
times darker than the abdomen; the feet are paler.

9. A. tener, valde elongatus, rufo-castaneus, helvo-pubescens, thorace elongato, antrorsum sub-
angustato, lateribus rectis, confertim punctato, minus conyexo, angulis posticis acutis, paulo productis,
non divergentibus, elytris striis antice subtiliter punctatis, interstitiis fere planis, punctatis, antennis
articulo ultimo non constricto. Long. -60.

One specimen, New York; possibly the true male of the preceding; the angles of the
thorax, though longer are still acute; the sides are straight, except at the very apex,
where they are slightly rounded; the dorsal line is visible only at the base; the antenne
are scarcely longer than in the preceding, but them last joint is not constricted. It has
the general appearance of Corymbites pyrrhos, but the thorax is less elongate, and the
posterior angles less produced.

10. A. consentaneus, fusco-piceus, helvo-pubescens, thorace latitudine longiore, ante basin
non latiore, lateribus ante medium late rotundatis, angulis posticis paulo productis, apice rotundatis, —

confertim punctato, postice subcanaliculato, elytris striis antice profundius punctatis, interstitiis paulo
convexis, punctatis, pedibus antennisque ferrugineis, vel piceis, his articulo ultimo constricto. Long. -65-

One specimen from New York, having reddish feet and antenns, and another from
Michigan with the same parts dark brown. ‘This species seems different on account of
the longer and more obtuse thoracic angles, which prevent it from being associated with
either of the two preceding; the thoracic angles do not diverge at all, in which respect with
differs from the next, but may, nevertheless, be the male of it. The thorax is as densely
punctured as in A. melanopthalmus.

_ll. A. bilobatus, nigro-piceus, helvo-pubescens, thorace latitudine longiore, convexiusculo,
medio parcius, lateribus sat dense punctato, lateribus vix late rotundatis, angulis posticis paulo pro-
ductis, divergentibus apice rotundatis, elytris striis antice profunde punctatis, interstitiis paulo con-

vexis punctatis, pedibus ferrugineis, antennis fuscis, articulo ultimo constricto. Long. °60.
Elater bilobatus Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 174.

One specimen, Wisconsin, Dr. Hoy. Say describes the antenne as of the same colour
as the legs, but we see from the preceding species that this is not a constant character.
This one differs by its more convex and less densely punctured thorax, and the more di-
vergent and more rounded angles; the sides of the thorax are very slightly rounded, and
are a little sinuous near the posterior angles. From all the others, except the preceding,
this is known by the more deeply punctured striae of the elytra.

OF THE UNITED STATES. 453

-12. A. planatus, piceus, helvo-pubescens, thorace latitudine longiore, lateribus antice late ro-
tundatis, confertim punctato, angulis posticis paulo productis, non divergentibus, apice rotundatis,
elytris striis profundis, antice paulo punctatis, interstitiis omnino planis parce punctulatis, subtus
rufo-piceus, pedibus pallidioribus, antennis articulo ultimo non constricto. Long. -60.

One specimen, New Jersey, Mr. Guex. This species precisely resembles in form A.
consentaneus, and only differs by the angles of the thorax being still more rounded, and
the strize of the elytra being less punctured, with entirely flat interstices; the last joint of
the antennz does not appear constricted.

13. A. cavifrons, rufo-testaceus, paulo pubescens, thorace latitadine longiore, lateribus paral-
lelis, antice vix rotundatis, confertim punctato, angulis posticis modice productis, acutis, elytris striis
punctatis, interstitiis paulo convexis parce subtiliter punctatis, antennis articulo ultimo constricto.
Long. *5.

Athous cavifrons Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 2, 154.

Pennsylvania and Georgia. ‘The thorax of the female is a little more convex than that
of the male, and the sides converge a little in front. The clypeus is not more concave
than in the other species of this division, from all of which it is easily distinguished by its
smaller size and less densely pubescent body, as well as by its brighter colour.

Criemus Lec.

Frons parum convexa, antice depressa, non marginata, margine laterali obliqua, ad apicem extensa:
fossulee antennales distantes, bene definitze: labrum antice rotundatum, mandibul apice acute, eden-
tate: antennz valde serrate, articulo 1™° mediocri subconico, 2 et 3 parvis, equalibus, 4—10 sequa-
libus triangularibus, 11™° valde constricto, fere diviso: palpi articulo ultimo triangulari, acuto: pros-
. ternum antice lobatum, postice mucronatum, mucrone non inflexo, sutura oblique concava, antice non
excayata: mesosternum non protuberans: coxv postice intus fere sensim paulo dilatate, dente in-
terno magno acuto: tarsi filiformes pubescentes, articulo 1™° sequentibus duobus coniunctis equali,
2—4 sensim brevioribus, 5° przecedentibus 2 zquali, unguiculis integris.

I have formed this genus upon Aphanobius hepaticus Germ., which appears sufficiently
distinct from the type of the genus, A. infuscatus, on account of the declivous meso-
sternum, and shorter first joint of the antennze. The tooth at the internal part of the pos-
terior coxze is stronger and more acute, while the posterior margin of the plate is not un-
dulated, as in A. infuscatus, but regularly and very slightly curved; the pubescence of the
tarsi is uniform, without any tendency to form brushes as in A. infuscatus. The external
resemblance (barring size) is very great, but we have frequent examples in this family of
close external resemblance among species of most widely distinct genera. With regard
to the weight of the character derived from the mesosternum, that will become evident, I
think, to any one who will observe the constancy of the protuberant form, through a large
group of species, which carry in their appearance the evidence of the distinctness of their
type. Adopting such a principle of division, Aphanobius infuscatus will then form the
osculant of the group with protuberant mesosternum with the present genus.

1. C. hepaticus, obscure castaneus, dense longius helvo-pubescens, thorace latitudine longiore
confertim punctato, subcylindrico, lateribus antice paulo rotundatis, elytris fastigiatis, apice muticis,
striis punctatis interstitiis confertim punctatis et rugosis, pedibus antennisque rufis. Long. ‘6—-74.

Elater hepaticus Germar, Ins. Nov. 43.

Aphanobius hepatieus Germar, Zeitschr. 5, 184.

454 REVISION OF THE ELATERID®

Georgia and Texas; South America, according to Germar. The posterior angles of
the thorax are Jong, acute, and carinated ; there are no basal fissures.

C. texanus, obscure castaneus, dense longius helvo-pubescens, thorace confertim punctato,
antrorsum angustato, latitudine non longiore, lateribus rectis antice rotundatis, elytris fastigiatis,
muticis, striis punctatis, interstitiis confertim punctatis et rugosis, pedibus rufescentibus. Long. 7.

Two specimens collected by Mr. Schott, of the Mexican Boundary Commission, at
Eagle Pass, on the lower Rio Grande. Only differs from the preceding by the thorax
being shorter and distinctly narrowed anteriorly.

Arracroprerus Lec.

Frons modice convexa, lateribus oblique marginatis, margine fere ad apicem extendente, fossulis
antennarum bene definitis distantibus: labrum subemarginatum: mandibulz versus apicem dentate
apice acute: antenne serrate, articulo 1° breviusculo, 2 et 3 subcylindricis, illo breviore, 4—10
triangularibus, 11° apice subacuminato: palpi articulo ultimo parum dilatato apice rotundato: pros-
ternum antice breviter lobatum, mucrone postico yix inflexo, sutura laterali non excavata, oblique
concava: mesosternum non protuberans: coxe postice laminis angustis, intus parum dilatatis, dente
interno minusculo acuto: tarsi sequaliter pubescentes, filiformes, articulo 1™° vix longiore, 2—4 sen-
sim paulo brevioribus, 5° preecedentibus 3 zequali unguiculis maiusculis integris.

Differs from Crigmus by its convex front, and less elongate first tarsal joint; from Lu-
dius by the narrower, less dilated, and less dentate*coxal lamina. The form of body is
narrow and fusiform, being narrowed each way from the base of the elytra, which are
acute at the tip; the posterior angles of the thorax are acute, and carinated; there are
no basal fissures.

1. A. fusiformis, nigro-viridis, cinereo-pubescens, thorace punctato, latitudine longiore, antror-
sum angustato, lateribus rectis, angulis posticis clongatis, sepe testaceis, elytris piceo-testaceis, stri-

atis, interstitiis paulo convexis sat dense punctatis, apice subacutis, pedibus testaceis, antennarum
articulo 1° rufo. Long. °55.

Lake Superior, not rare. It is the Pristilophus fusiformis of my catalogue in Agassiz’
Lake Superior.

2. A. viridanus, ferrugineus, supra piceo-eneus, tenuiter cinereo-pubescens, thorace latitudine
longiore, subeylindrico, lateribus rectis, ad apicem rotundatis, parce punctato, margine omni ferrugi-
neo, pone medium canaliculato, ante medium utrinque fovea profunda impresso, elytris striis punctatis
vix impressis, interstitiis planis, parce punctulatis, antennis nigris basi rufis. Long. -35.

Elater viridanus Say, Ann. Lye. 1, 250.

later sublucens Randall, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 2, 37.

Pennsylvania, Dr. Melsheimer. A small species, looking like a Dolopius, and very re-
markable by the two deep foves before the middle of the horas the form is less cuneate
than that of the preceding species; the thorax is almost parallel on the sides, and the
elytra slightly rounded in their outline. The vertex is marked with a longitudinal fovea,
as in Dolopius, from which, however, it differs esseqeilly by its less convex front, and
shorter basal joint of the antenna.

3. A.incongruus, tenuiter cinereo-pubescens, capite thoraceque olivaceis, opacis, confertim
punctatis, thorace latitudine longiore, lateribus postice parallelis ante medium late rotundatis, seepe

OF THE UNITED STATES. 455

rufo-bivittato, elytris testaceis, striis tenuibus vix punctulatis, interstitiis planis, dense scabro-puncta-
tis, abdomine, prosterni lobo, thoracis parte inflexa, antennarum articulo 1™°, pedibusque testaceis
Long. :-28—-37.

Lake Superior: one specimen with the thorax blackish green, and two with a broad
discoidal reddish yellow vitta each side. This species is Jess slender than A. viridanus,
and the thorax is more broadly rounded anteriorly, so that it appears Jess cylindrical.
The postpectus is black.

A specimen found with those just mentioned has the thorax entirely greenish black,
above and beneath, with the sides much more straight, converging slightly and rounded
only near the apex; the disc is punctured as in this species, but has two anterior fovee
as in A. viridanus; the abdomen, like the pectus, is black, and does not show any reddish
tinge. ‘This may be a distinct species, but until the sexual differences are better under-
stood, I think it better to permit it to remain under A. incongruus.

Lupus Latr.
1. L. abruptus, niger, dense punctatus, fusco-subsericeus, tarsis piccis; elytris postice obsolete
striatis, ad apicem non acuminatis. Long. °8.
Hlater abruptus Say, Ann. Lye. 1, 255; Trans. Phil. Soc. 6, 166.
Ludius coracinus Germ. Zeitschr. 4, 47.
Middle, Southern, and Western States; rare.

2. L. attenuatus, obscure piceo-sanguineus, dense punctatus, fusco-subsericeus, elytris versus
apicem, antennis, pedibusque nigris, elytris postice vix obsolete striatis apice acuminatis. Long. -9.
Elater attenuatus Say, Ann. Lye. 1, 257; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 166.

Middle, Southern, and Western States; more abundant than the preceding.

Douorius Esch.

Latreille and Germar have already asserted that the genera Dolopius, Agriotes, and
Ectinus, of Eschscholtz, were separated on evanescent characters; and after patiently ex-
amining our native species Ihave adopted their opinion. Differences of organic character,
although too slight for generic distinction, are readily found, and enable us to facilitate the
determination of the species, which may be grouped as follows:

A. Mandibulez perpendiculariter dilatate, apice emarginate —- - - Sp. 1.
B. Mandibule apice compress, non dilatat:
1. Antenne articulis 2 et 3, 4° coniunctis equalibus = 2 _ Spe2==3.
2. Antenne articulis 2 et 3, 4*° singulis vix brevioribus.
3 * Lamine coxarum intus vix latiores, (thoracis margine plus minus obso- ‘
leto:) - - - = z = = - Sp. 4—9.
** Lamine coxarum intus subito paulo dilatatz, (thoracis margine in-
tegro:) - - - - - - - - Sp. 10—13.
A.

1. D. maneus, crassiusculus, ater, vel piceus, pubescens, capite thoraceque confertim sat grosse
ae
VOL. X.—J/0

456 REVISION OF THE ELATERID©

punctatis, hoc latitudine vix breviore, lateribus parallelis antice rotundatis, angulis posticis subdive-
gentibus, elytris striis profundis punctatis, interstitiis planiusculis, rugose punctatis, antennis pedi-

QE

busque rufis. Long *3—-35.

Elater mancus Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. 8, 171; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 168.

? Elater obesus Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 168; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 168,

Elater (Agriotes) obesust Harris, Ins. Massachusetts, Injurious to Vegetation, 2d ed. p. 49.

Agriotes truncatus Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 217.

Agriotes striatulus Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 2, 217.

Lake Superior and throughout the Atlantic portion of the United States. A specimen
was communicated to me by Dr. Harris as Eater obesus Say: the remarks under that spe-
cies in the Transactions of this Society are as follows: “ The clypeus is not prominent and
the thoracic spines are not carinated; the elytra in one specimen are acuminated at the
tip: the nails are very robust on the basal half, which terminates at the middle in a pro-
minent tooth, separated by a deep fissure.” Now in the present species, as in all others
arranged under this genus, the spines of the thorax are strongly carinated, and the ungues
are not toothed. or these reasons I cannot adopt Dr. Harris’ view regarding this spe-
cies, which appears to me to agree more nearly with Say’s El. mancus. ‘The basal fissure
of the thorax is more distinct than in the other species, in all of which it is almost wanting.

B.—1.

2. D. oblongicollis, valde elongatus, fusco-niger, pubescens, thorace latitudine plus sesqui
longiore, lateribus parallelis, antice paulo rotundatis, confertim punctato, elytris striis punctatis, in-
terstitiis sat dense punctatis, antennis piceis, articulis 2 et 3 coniunctis 4'° fere brevioribus, pedibus
testaceis. Long. -31—35.

Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 2, 218.

Middle States, not rare. The anterior margin of the thorax is sometimes testaceous.

3. D. isabellinus, valde clongatus, luteo-testaceus, pubescens, capite antennisque fuscis, tho-
2. to} b] ? b] ?

race latitudine sesqui longiore, lateribus parallelis, antice paulo rotundatis, minus subtiliter punctato,
elytris striis punctatis, interstitiis sat dense punctatis, antennis articulis 2 et 3 coniunctis 4° fere bre-
vioribus. Long. °37.

Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 2, 218.

Pennsylvania, Ihave seen only the typical specimen in Dr. Melsheimer’s collection.
It differs from the preceding only by the coarser and less dense punctuation of the thorax.

B.—2*,

4. D. collaris, niger, pubescens, thorace latitudine longiore, postice subcanaliculato, lateribus
parallelis, antice rotundatis, confertim minus subtiliter punctato, lateribus late rufis, angulis posticis
elongatis, elytris testaceis, striis subtilius punctatis, interstitiis minus dense punctulatis, antennis pe-
dibusque rufo-testaceis. Long. -49.

Two specimens, Vermont, Prof. C. B. Adams. Size and form of the next species, and,
apart from colour, only distinguished from it by the less densely punctulate elytra.

5. D. fucosus, ater, opacus, pubescens, thorace latitudine longiore postice subcanaliculato, la-
teribus parallelis, antice rotundatis, confertim minus subtiliter punctato, lateribus szepissime late ob-

OF THE UNITED STATES. 457

secure sanguineis, elytris striis subtilius punctatis, interstitiis confertim rugose punctulatis. Long.
*43-—"55.

Lake Superior and Vermont. The antenne and legs are black, with a faint pitchy lus-
tre: the sanguineous colour of the sides of the thorax is sometimes almost wanting; at
other times it is quite bright, and extends upon the inflexed portion, and even to the anterior
margin of the prosternum.

6. D. pubescens, ater, subnitidus, pubescens, thorace latitudine vix longiore, postice canalicu-
lato, lateribus postice parallelis antice rotundatis, sat dense punctato, elytris striis subtiliter punctatis,
interstitiis confertim rugose punctulatis, antennarum basi pedibusque fusco-testaceis. Long. :36.

Agriotes pubescens Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 2, 217.

Pennsylvania and Lake Superior. Smaller and more robust than the preceding, and
with the punctures of the thorax less dense: differs from D. avulsus by its larger size,
shorter and more densely punctured thorax, and by its much less lustrous surface. The
antennz in one specimen are fuscous, in the other black, with the basal joints testaceous.

7. D. avulsus, niger, nitidus, minus dense helvo-pubescens, thorace latitudine longiore postice
canaliculato, lateribus paulo obliquis, antice rotundatis, parcius grossius punctato, angulis posticis sub-
divergentibus, elytris striis punctatis, interstitiis vage punctulatis et rugosis, antennis pedibusque rufis.
Long. °3.

Pennsylvania and Vermont. Differs from the preceding by its more brilliant colour,
brownish and less dense pubescence, and by the coarser and more distant punctures of
the thorax. :

8. D. sordidus, fuscus, dense cinereo-pubescens, thorace latitudine non longiore, lateribus pa-
rallelis antice rotundatis, postice canaliculato, confertim punctato, angulis posticis non divergentibus,
elytris striis punctatis, interstitiis confertim rugose punctulatis, antennis rufis pedibus flavis. Long. 3.

New York, Mr. Guex: a specimen also in Dr. Harris’ collection. Resembles somewhat
D. mancus, but is less robust; the mandibles, although obtuse, are not dilated and emar-
ginate, as in that species: it is sufficiently distinct from all the other species of this divi-
sion by its densely and more finely punctured thorax, and more dense pubescence.

9. D. stabilis, ater, fere opacus, pubescens, thorace latitudine longiore, lateribus subparallelis,
antice rotundatis, alutaceo, ante medium confertim subtilius punctato, angulis posticis vix divergenti-
bus, elytris sepe piceo-testaceis, striis acutis punctatis, interstitiis planis confertissime rugose punc-
tulatis, antennis pedibusque piceo-testaceis. Long. °33—-45.

Lake Superior, abundant. A species easily recognised, and very remarkable for the
sculpture of the thorax, the surface of which is finely chagrined, with distinct punctures

only in front of the middle: the head is densely punctured. By a very powerful lens, the
chagrining of the thorax is seen to be produced by an infinity of very small punctures.

B—2**,

10. D. limosus, ater, flavo-pubescens, clypeo truncato, thorace latitudine longiore, lateribus
parallelis, ad apicem rotundatis, postice canaliculato, confertim punctato, angulis posticis rufescentibus
non divaricatis, elytris testaceis, striis acutis punctatis, interstitiis confertim rugose punctulatis, an-
tennis pedibusque rufo-testaceis. - Long. *35.

458 REVISION OF THE ELATERIDA

Lake Superior, not rare. ‘This species connects this with the last division of the genus:
the second and third joints of the antennz are hardly smaller than the fourth, and the
laminee of the posterior coxw are distinctly wider internally: the tooth is, however, not so
prominent as in the following species, and the clypeus is decidedly truncate at the tip, and
considerably elevated above the Jabrum: the lateral margin of the thorax ts well marked
for its whole length, and is not deflexed so as to belong to the under surface, asin the pre-
ceding species.

11. D. pauper, ater, pubescens, clypeo truncato, thorace latitudine vix longiore, lateribus pa-
rallelis, ad apicem rotundatis, apice et angulis posticis testaceis, confertim punctato, postice canalicu-
lato, elytris striis acutis punctulatis, interstitiis planis confertim rugose punctulatis, vitta rufo-picea
a humero ad apicem plus minusve distincta, antennis fuscis, basi pedibusque rufo-testaceis. Long.
22-29,

Abundant throughout the Atlantic parts of North America. A specimen was sent me by
Dr. Harris as Elater inquinatus Say, which, however, being said (‘Trans. Am. Phil. Soe. 6,
175) to have the fourth tarsal joint lobed, and the thorax with an elongate basal fissure
each side, capnot belong to this genus. From the manner in which Say distributed types
of his species in Europe, I fear that he was not very careful in naming his duplicates,
probably trusting to his usually excellent descriptions, for the identification of those de-
scribed by him. I am inclined to believe that E. inquinatus Say must be referred to
Adrastus, and that the serration of the ungues was probably overlooked.

Two specimens from Lake Superior are much larger, (‘34 unc.) and have the striz of
the elytra less distinctly marked. They do not seem, however, to constitute a separate
species.

12. D. subustus, fusco-niger, pubescens, thorace rufo-testaceo, marginibus dilutioribus, dense
punctato, latitudine vix longiore, lateribus parallelis antice vix rotundatis, elytris rufo-testaceis, basi,
sutura margineque leviter infuscatis, striis punctatis interstitiis planis, confertim rugose punctatis,
antennis nigro-piceis, pedibus rufis. Long. :27.

Two specimens found at San Francisco, California. Somewhat more slender than D.
pauper, which, except in colour, it very much resembles: the lateral oblique lines of the
front are indistinctly connected anteriorly, and the vertex is not marked with the usual
oblong fovea.

3. D. bigeminatus, subcylindricus, ater, pubescens, thorace latitudine fere sesqui longiore
lateribus parallelis, antice vix rotundatis, confertim punctato, elytris macula utrinque elongata pone
basin, alteraque pone medium rotundata, late rufo-testaceis, striis punctatis, interstitiis sat dense ru-
gose punctatis, pedibus testaceis, antennis vel fuscis vel testaceis. Long. ‘21.

Hlater bigeminatus Randall, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 2, 37.

Lake Superior, Massachusetts and Pennsylvania, rare. This species has the commis-
sure of the oblique frontal lines quite distinct, as in Adrastus, but the ungues are abso-
lutely without teeth: the vertex, as in the preceding species, is not foveate.

Aprastus Esch.
The species below mentioned have the third and fourth joints of the tarsi slightly lobed

OF THE UNITED STATES. 459

beneath, and all belong to Erichson’s first division. ‘Their appearance is altogether that
of Dolopius, except that the elytra are slightly cuneate, and the front is distinctly angulated:
the angles of the thorax are not carinated, and the basal fissures are long.

1. A. recticollis, piceus, pubescens, thorace lateribus dilutioribus, antice paulo rotundatis,
minus dense punctato, angulis posticis subdivergentibus, elytris testaceis sutura infuscata, striis pro-
fundis punctatis, interstitiis parce punctatis, antennis pedibusque rufo-testaceis. Long. °2.

Hlater recticollis Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. 5, 168: (¢nsctus) Trans. Am. Phil. Soe. 6, 184.

Adrastus pumilus Erichson, Germ. Zeitschr. 3, 120.

Middle States, not common. The difference between this and the following, except in
colour, is not obvious: the sides of the thorax, however, appear to be less suddenly rounded
in front, and the disc is more convex: the posterior angles appear more elongated and di-
vergent.

2. A. testaceus, rufo-testaceus, pubescens, thorace minus dense punctato, lateribus rectis,
antice breviter paulo rotundatis, angulis posticis non divergentibus, elytris striis profundis punctatis,
interstitiis parce punctatis. Long. -18.

Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 2, 219.

Pennsylvania and Georgia. The sides of the thorax are entirely straight, except imme-
diately at the apex, where they are rounded.

Two specimens from the Southern States agree in form with this species, but are of a
fuscous colour, with the antenne and feet testaceous; they can scarcely be separated.

To this genus must belong Elater quietus Say, (Trans. Am, Phil. Soc. 6, 184:) a black
species with yellow antenne and feet, and having the apex of the clypeus more obtuse
than in A. recticollis. It is +2 unc. long, and was found in Indiana.

Here, probably, must be placed Elater inquinatus Say, (ibid. 175:) but the serration
of the ungues is not mentioned: vide remarks under Dolopius pauper.

Ancuastus Lec.

Frons convexa, antice subangulatim marginata: mandibulz breves, basi triangulariter extus dila-
tatze (sicut in Dolopio:) labrum antice rotundatum: antennz articulo 1™° mediocri, parum serratze,
articulis 2 et 5, 4 coniunctis non longioribus: prosternum lobatum, mucrone postico subinflexo, sutura
laterali concava, antice excavata: mesosternum non protuberans: coxz posticee laminis intus valde
dilatatis, margine autem postico non emarginato, dente forti interno instructo: tarsi pubescentes, ar-
ticulo 1™° elongato, sequentibus duobus longiore: 3° subtus longe lobato, 4° parvo, 5° tenui unguiculis
integris.

From Dicrepidius this genus differs by the second joint of the tarsi being simple; from
Dicrepidius, Elater, and in fact from all the genera of true Elateridee, described in this
essay, it differs by the very great dilatation of the coxal plates internally; their posterior
margin is somewhat oblique, though not sinuate as in Dicrepidius and Elater. The pos-
terior angles of the thorax are acute, strongly carinate, and not diverging; there are no
basal fissures. This genus seems related to Physorhinus.

1. A. digitatus, fusco-piceus, elongatus, helvo-pubescens, thorace latitudine longiore, antror-
sum angustato, lateribus rectis ante medium rotundatis, angulis posticis elongatis, dense punctato,

460 REVISION OF THE ELATERID

elytris a basi subangustatis, striis punctulatis, interstitiis confertim rugose punctulatis, antennis arti-
culis 2 et 3 subcylindricis, 4'°° coniunctis non longioribus. Long. *43.

One specimen, Pennsylvania. The narrow arched body, narrowed at each end, with
the thorax fitted closely to the elytra, give this species very much the appearance of some
of the Eucnemides; the front is more convex than in the other species, and is almost
angulated at the tip. The lobe of the third tarsal joint is very long, extending to the
middle of the last joint; the outer margin of the plates of the posterior cox is oblique,
and the posterior margin also a little oblique inwards, and they unite in an obtuse angle not
prominent, but scarcely rounded. The thorax has a short furrow at the middle of the
dise, which is possibly accidental; the carinee of the posterior angles diverge very much
from the margin.

2. A. recedens, latiusculus, fusco-niger, sordide pubescens, thorace latitudine fere breviore, an-
trorsum angustato, lateribus rotundatis, subtilius punctato (punctulis paucis intermixtis,) angulis pos-
ticis modice productis acutis, elytris parallelis postice rotundatis, striis punctatis, interstitiis planis
rugose punctulatis, antennis articulis 2 et 3 subcylindricis, 4° coniunctis vix longioribus. Long. -2—-24.

San Francisco. The smaller sized individuals appear to be more densely pubescent,
and the punctures of the thorax appear more distinct ;—they do not, however, seem to
be specifically distinct. ‘The sides of the thorax are more rounded anteriorly than at the
base, but are not straight at any part; the carina diverges very much from the margin,
as in the preceding, and the front is moderately convex and slightly angulated. The lobe
of the third joint of the tarsi does not reach quite to the middle of the fifth joint.

To this genus may possibly be referred Cryptohypnus cinereipennis Man. (Monocrepi-
dius cinereipennis sch.) and C. puberulus Man. (Bull. Mosc. 1843, p. 240;) of which the
fourth tarsal joint is said to be lobed. The difficulty of determining whether the lobe pro-
ceeds from the third or fourth joint is sometimes very great. At all events the species
alluded to cannot be retained in Cryptohypnus, and a new examination is necessary to fix
their true affinity.

Bracuycrepis Lec.

Frons conyexa, antice vix producta, rotundatim marginata, non impressa: labrum antice rotunda-
tum: antennz valde serrate, articulo 1° mediocri, 2"° parvo, 3'° sequenti xquali, 11™° precedenti
non longiore, simplici: prosternum antice lobatum, mucrone postico subinflexo, sutura laterali paulo
concava, antice excayata: mesosternum non protuberans, cox posticx laminis intus subito quadran-
gulariter valde dilatatis, margine postico subsinuato, dente interno mediocri, acuto: tarsi pubescentes
articulo 1™°sequentibus coniunctis equali: 2° plus duplo breviore, subtus vix lobato, 3'° brevi, sub-
tus breviter lobato, 4'° parvo recepto, 5'° 2°4° xequali, unguiculis integris.

The lobe of the third joint of the tarsi does not extend beyond the fourth joint. This
genus differs from Dicrepidius by the more sudden dilatation of the coxal plates, as well
as by the structure of the tarsi; from Anchastus, it is readily known by the distinctness
of the outer angle of the coxal plate (the posterior margin of which is not oblique inwards,
but slightly emarginate,) and by the structure of the antenne and tarsi. The posterior
angles of the thorax have two acute caring, one parallel with the margin as in Dicrepidius,
the other diverging as in Anchastus.

OF THE UNITED STATES. 461

1. B. bicarinatus, elongatus, fusco-castaneus, helvo-pubescens, thorace latitudine longiore, an-
trorsum angustato, lateribus late rotundatis, subtilius punctato, angulis posticis acutis, bicarinatis,
elytris striis punctatis, interstitiis rugose punctatis, abdomine rufescente, pedibus antennisque rufo-
testaceis. Long. °51.

One specimen, Georgia. The strix of the elytra are well impressed; it resembles in
appearance a small specimen of Dicrepidius soleatus, but is at once kuown by its finely
punctured thorax. :

Dicreripius Esch. (emend.)

Frons modice convexa, antice producta, et rotundatim marginata, sewpe ad apicem bicristata:
mandibule emarginate, basi triangulariter subdilatate: labrum antice rotundatum: antennx plus
minus serrate, maris nonnunquam ramosi, articulo 3° 4' gquali, 11™° non constricto: prosternum
antice breviter lobatum, mucrone postico paulo inflexo, sutura laterali antice excavata, paulo conca-
va: mesosternum non protuberans: cox postica laminis intus subsubito modice dilatatis, postice
emarginatis, dente interno forti, acuto: tarsi pubescentes, articulo 1™° sequentibus 2 equali, 2 et 3
subtus lobatis, 4° parvo recepto, 5'° unguiculis integris, maiusculis.

I have modified the diagnosis of this genus, as given by Germar, to allow the introduc-
tion of several species, which seem to differ from the type only in the absence of the two
acute perpendicular ridges which run from the margin of the front to the base of the la-
brum, and limit the fovee im which the antennx are inserted. From the two preceding
genera, this differs in the form of the lamine of the posterior coxee, which are emarginate,
or sinuate posteriorly, as in Elater. ‘The posterior angles of the thorax are long and
sharp, the carina is well defined end almost parallel with the margin; the basal fissures
are short and distinct.

A. Frons antice bicristata.

1. D. ramicornis, piceo-rufus, helvo-pubescens, thorace minus subtiliter parce punctato, latitu-
dine longiore, lateribus parallelis, antice paulo rotundatis, linea dorsali levi vix distincta, elytris pos-
tice angustatis, striis minus impressis antice fortiter punctatis, interstitiis parce subtiliter punctulatis.
Long. °55.

Germar, Zeitschr. 1, 214.

Hlater ramicornis Beauv. Ins. p. 10, tab. 7, fig. 3; ibid. 214, tab. 9, fig. 7.

Southern States, rare; more abundant in Cuba and South America. In the male the
third and following joints of the antenne are furnished with a subapical, elongate, spatulate
process; the eleventh joint extends beyond the branch of the tenth joint; in the female
the joints are triangular, growing gradually narrower, with the last joint one-half longer
than the tenth.

2. D.? binus, niger, helvo-pubescens, thorace latitudine longiore, antrorsum subangustato, lateri--
bus fere rectis, antice paulo rotundatis, subtilius punctato, densius ad latera, angulis posticis acutis,
carina angulari valde elongata, margini parallela, elytris striis profundis punctulatis, interstitiis con-
fertim rugose punctatis, macula magna utrinque basali, alteraque versus apicem lete rufo-testaceis,

antennis pedibusque testaceis. Long. *29.
Elater binus Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 178.

One specimen, Georgia. As the tarsi and posterior coxe of my specimen are in bad
condition, I am not absolutely certain that it belongs to this genus; the two crests of the

162 REVISION OF THE BLATERIDE

anterior portion of the front are distinct, but more distant than in the preceding species;
the antennz are only slightly serrate, and the third joint is not as wide as the fourth; the
carina of the posterior angles of the thorax reaches almost to the middle; the first joint,
especially of the anterior tarsi, is longer in proportion than in the preceding species; the
second joint appears to be lobed, but I am not certain that it is so; the third joint is
nearly as Jong as the second, and extends beneath into a, lobe, beyond the fourth joint,
which is very small; the fifth is as long as the three preceding, with small slender nails.

Say describes the tarsi as having the penultimate joint lobed, but as the present species
agrees in every other respect with his description, I think we may be justified in consi-
dering his observation as an error.

B. Frons non cristata.

3. D. ferreus, rufo-piceus, longius helvo-pilosus, fronte concava, thorace parce grossius punctato,
latitudine vix longiore, antrorsum angustato, et lateribus paulo rotundato, spatio dorsali indistincto
levi, elytris postice angustatis, striis punctatis, interstitiis subconvexis parce punctatis. Long. *56.

One specimen, Texas, Lieut. Haldeman. The front is more produced than in D. rami-
cornis, and is slightly concave above; the posterior angles of the thorax are carinated,
but the carina is less acute than in that species. The lobes of the tarsi extend to the
middle of the last joint. The antenne are blackish and formed exactly as in the female
of D. ramicornis, but are a little broader. The punctures of the thorax are distant in the
middle, but moderately close on the sides; there is a rounded indistinct smooth dorsal
space behind the middle.

4, D. soleatus, supra castaneus, helvo-pilosus, fronte subconcava, thorace grossius, lateribus den-
sius punctato, latitudine longiore, antrorsum angustato, lateribus rectis, antice paulo rotundatis, ely-
tris subparallelis, postice rotundatis, striis punctatis, interstitiis parce punctatis, postpectore, abdo-
mine, antennis pedibusque rufis. Long. -45.

Elater soleatus Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 176.

One specimen, Michigan. This species is closely related to the preceding, but the
more densely punctured thorax, and rufous antenne, distinguish it at once; the thorax is
more narrowed anteriorly, and less rounded on the sides; the posterior angles are more
acutely carinated.

“Say states that the second joint of the antenne is “not more than half the length of the
third;” in my specimen, as in the preceding and next species, it is only about one-third
as long as the third joint.

5. D. simplex, piceus, helvo-pilosus, fronte vix concava, thorace minus dense punctato, postice
canaliculato, antrorsum angustato, lateribus parum rotundatis, elytris striis fortius punctatis, inter-
Stitiis planis parce punctulatis, antennis rufo-piceis, pedibus testaceis. Long. °35.

One specimen, Texas, Lieut. Haldeman. From D. ferreus it is distinguished by its
smaller size, brown antenna, unimpressed front, and testaceous feet; from D. soleatus by
the less densely punctured thorax, the less deep and more strongly punctured strie of the

elytra, and by the deeper colour of the under surface. The carina of the posterior angles
of the thorax is as acute as in D. soleatus.

OF THE UNITED STATES. A6¢

ELA TER Linn. (Esch. emend.)
Ampepus Germ.
A.

Densely punctured, opaque species, having the first joint of the antennz short, the se-
cond and third small and equal, the following large and triangular, and the eleventh more
or less distinctly constricted: the front is convex, the margin distinct, forming anteriorly
an angle, the apex of which is rounded. ‘The lateral suture of the prosternum is not ex-
cavated anteriorly. The mandibles are acute at tip, with an obtuse tooth beyond the
middle.

1. E. Sturmii, ater, opacus, brevissime pubescens, thorace convexo, lateribus parallelis antice
rotundatis confertissime punctato, postice canaliculato, elytris parallelis versus apicem angustatis,
stris profundis punctatis, interstitiis subtiliter dense scabro-punctatis, antennarum articulo ultimo dis-
tincte constricto. Long. -47—°6.

Aphanobius Sturmii Germ. Zeitschr. 5, 188.

Ectinus granulosus Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 2, 159.

Middle and Southern States, rare.

2. E. turbulentus, ater opacus, breviter hispide pubescens, thorace subconvexo, antrorsum
subangustato, et lateribus late rotundatis, confertissime punctato, postice canaliculato, elytris grada-
tim angustatis turbido-luteis, pone medium confuse nigro-nebulosis, macula utrinque transyersa palli-
diore, striis profundis punctatis, infuscatis, interstitiis subtiliter dense scabro-punctatis, antennarum
articulo 11™° modice constricto. Long. °58.

Two specimens found near San Diego, on a kind of grass, in June. Similar in all its
characters to the preceding, but with the sides of the elytra less parallel, and the poste-
rior angles of the thorax more diverging: the elytra are dirty yellow, with the striae
brownish: behind the middle is a large, indistinct, blackish cloud, which includes on each
elytron a transverse slightly reniform yellow spot, paler than the ground colour of the
elytra. In one specimen the cloudiness is seen only on the margins of this spot, which is
also very indistinct.

3. E. limbalis, opacus, niger, breviter hispide flayo-pubescens, thorace punctatissimo elongato,
antrorsum angustato, lateribus réectis, luteo, macula media margineque basali nigris, elytris striis pro-
fundis punctatis, interstitiis confertissime subtilius scabro-punctatis, sutura margineque luteis, antennis
basi rufo-piceis, articulo 11™° paulo constricto. Long. *34—-45.

Herbst, Kafer, 10, 53; tab. 162, fig. 10: Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 167.
Ampedus limbalis Germ. Zeitschr. 5, 164.

Middle, Southern, and Western States, not rare. Varies with the yellow sutural mar-
gin becoming obsolete about the middle: the thoracic spot varies in size, sometimes reach-
ing both the tip and base of the thorax.

B.

Moderate-sized, or small species, mostly cuneate in form, with the thorax only slightly
convex, and considerably narrowed in front: the anterior margin of the front (which is
VOL. X.—76

464 REVISION OF THE ELATERIDA

conyex) always distinct and angulated: the first joint of the antenne short, the second
small, the third longer and wider than the second, usually much narrower than the fourth,
but varying in this respect both in species and sex: the joints 4—10 triangular, decreasing
slightly in breadth, eleventh oval, not constricted. Prosternum with the lateral suture an-
teriorly excavated for the reception of the antenn.

- 4. BE. rubricollis, ater opacus, helvo-pubescens, capite thoraceque confertissime fere scabro-
punctatis, obscure sanguineis, elytris striis profundis punctatis, interstitiis convexis confertim punc-
tatis, antennarum articulo 5° preecedente duplo longiore, subtriangulari. Long. *6—-58.
Herbst, Kifer, 10, 49, tab. 162, fig. 6, (1801;) Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3,177; Harris, Trans.
Ilartford Soc. Nat. Hist. 71.
Elater verticinus Beauvois, Ins. 214, tab. 9, fig. 6, (1805;) Say, Ann. Lye. 1, 268.
Ampedus rubricollis Germ. Zeitschr. 5, 171.

Middle, Southern, and Western States; not rare in Georgia. ‘The last joint of the an-
tennee is slightly sinuate or constricted beyond the middle.

5. E. nigricollis, ater cinereo-pubescens, thorace confertim punctato, versus latera fere sca-
bro, elytris pallidis subcuneatis, striis profundis punctatis, interstitiis subconvexis punctulatis, pedibus
testaccis, antennarum articulo 3'° precedente duplo maiore triangulari. Long. -33—-42.

Herbst, Kifer, 10, 73, tab. 164, fig. 7; Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 176.

Ampedus nigricollis Germ. Zeitschr. 5, 166.

Middle and Southern States, not rare. ‘The base of the antenne is indistinctly testa-
ceous: the third joint is considerably dilated, though not as large or as broad as the fourth:
the jast joint of the antenna is not at all constricted.

6. E. linteus, ater cinereo-pubescens, capite confertissime, thorace confertim punctato, versus
latera fere scabro, elytris cuneatis pallidis, puncto humerali, sutura, apiceque nigris, striis profun-
dis punctatis, interstitiis suabconvexis parce punctatis, antennarum maris articulo 3° sequenti fere zequali.
Long. *385—"42.

Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 168.

Ampedus lugubris Germ. Zeitschr. 5, 165.

Middle and Southern States, and Lake Superior. ‘The outer margin of the clytra is
black. ‘This species is subject to some variation: a specimen from Vermont has the legs
testaceous, and the head less densely punctured than usual: in other specimens the head
is almost scabrous: the female has the antennz shorter, and the third joint much less di-
lated than the others. Germar does not cite Say’s description; and although the species
has long been known under the name proposed by Beauvois, I cannot find any description
in his writings.

7. E. discoideus, ater, griseo-pubescens, capite thoraceque opacis, confertim punctatis, versus
latera fere scabris, elytris cuneatis, basi margineque flavo-fulvis, striis profundis punctatis, interstitiis
subconyexis rugose punctatis, antennarum maris articulo 3° sequenti subzequali. Long. -42—38.

Fabr. Syst. El. 2, 240; Herbst, Kifer, 10, 132.

Ampedus discotdeus Germ. Zeitschr. 5, 165,

Southern States, not rare. The female has the third joint of the antenne very slightly
dilated, and about twice the length of the second.

%,

OF THE UNITED STATES. 465

. 8. E. semicinctus, ater, subnitidus, griseo-pubescens, thorace sat dense, lateribus densius
punctato, elytris cuneatis, basi fulvo-marginatis, striis profundis punctatis, interstitiis parce punctatis,

_antennis feminze articulo 5° precedente duplo longiore, vix dilatato. Long. -45.

Randall, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 2, 10.

One specimen, New York; found in Maine according to Mr. Randall. This species is
closely allied to EK. discoideus, which it resembles in form; the thorax is longer, less sud-
denly narrowed anteriorly, and not wider than the elytra; the elytra are margined with
orange only at the base, and the punctures of the interstices are more regular; in the
male, the third joint of the antennz is probably dilated, as in E. discoideus.

9. E. lesus, ater opacus, griseo-pubescens, thorace confertim punctato, lateribus fere scabro,
elytris basi late, lateribus antice, epipleurisque sanguineis, striis profundis punctatis, interstitiis sub-
convexis confertim rugose punctatis, antennis articulo 3° precedente sesqui longiore (feminz) vix la-
tiore. Long. °5.

One specimen, Georgia. Body black, with but little lustre, covered with fine grayish
pubescence. Head densely punctured: antenne not longer than the thorax, third joint one-
half longer than the second, very slightly triangular; fourth and following broad, triangu-
lar; eleventh oval, not constricted. ‘Thorax scarcely longer than wide, strongly narrowed
and rounded in front, sides posteriorly subparallel, posterior angles scarcely diverging, ca-
rinate as in the other species; disc very densely punctured, anteriorly moderately convex,
punctures becoming confluent at the sides: scutel black; elytra almost parallel anteriorly,
narrowed and rounded posteriorly, base broadly sanguineous, the colour extending a little
posteriorly on the sides; epipleurze sanguineous; suture dusky; striz deep, coarsely punc-
tured, interstices convex, tolerably densely finely punctured and rugous. Beneath entirely
black.

_— 10. E. Sayi, ater, fere opacus, griseo-pubescens, thorace confertim punctato, lateribus fere scabro,

elytris pallidis, sutura late, margine externo fere ad basin anguste nigris, striis profundis punctatis
interstitiis subconvexis, disperse rugose punctulatis, antennarum articulo 3° subtriangulari, sequenti
longitudine wquali. Long. °5.

Elater oblessus (discoideus || Fabr.t) Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soe. 6, 165.

Middle States, rare. The broad black stripe along the suture gradually narrows near the
scutellum: the exterior black margin reaches from the apex to the posterior part of the
epipleure, where it ceases: the third joint of the antennx is considerably narrower than
the fourth, in both sexes; the eleventh joint is slightly constricted.

| have changed the name proposed by Say, not for its uncouthness, but because it does
not properly belong to this species, and was intended as a substitute for a name given by
Fabricius, which was supposed to be preoccupied: the reference, therefore, of the present
species to that described by Fabricius, being, as already observed by Dr. Harris, an error,
the name intended as a substitute fails, at least for this species. As the description, how-
ever, shows that this insect was known to Say, I have taken occasion to commemorate it
with his name.

_-- 11. E. vitiosus, ater, subopacus, helvo-pubescens, thorace confertissime punctato, lateribus fere

scabro, elytris sordide pallidis nimbo apicali atro, striis profundis punctatis, interstitiis disperse punc-
tatis, antennarum articulo 3'° (maris) triangulari sequente multo minore. Long. “48.

466 REVISION OF THE ELATERIDA

One specimen, Vermont, Prof. Adams. Body black, with very little lustre, covered with
brownish hair. Head very densely punctured; antenna with the third joint triangular,
about twice as long as the second, but not more than half the size of the fourth: last joint not
constricted. ‘Thorax not longer than wide, narrowed gradually from the base, and broadly
rounded on the sides, moderately convex, very densely punctured, punctures becoming: con-
fluent towards the sides: posterior angles less elongate than usual, elytra slightly nar-
rowed from the very base, more strongly narrowed posteriorly, pale dirty yellow, with a
large apical black blotch, the anterior limits of which are badly defined, and which ex-
tends farther along the side than on the suture: strix: deep, strongly punctured, interstices
convex, moderately and finely punctured.

This species differs from the following not only by the apical blotch of the elytra ex-
tending to the apex and side, but by its more densely punctured thorax, with shorter posterior
angles, and by the less parallel elytra: the last is probably a sexual character.

12. KE. apicatus, niger, helvo-pubescens, thorace confertim punctato, elytris late sanguineis,
plaga utrinque apicali oblonga nigra, striis profundis punctatis, interstitiis convexis, disperse punc-
tatis, antennis piceis (feminw) articulo 3'° secundo fere duplo longiore. Long. *35—-46.

Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soe. 6, 170.

Ampedus melanopygus Germ. Zeitschr. 5, 161.

Northern portions of the United States. [have only females of this species, but from
the relation which the joints bear to each other, the male probably has antenne like the
preceding species; the apical black spot of the elytra is well defined, and does not touch
either the side or suture.

15. E. phe nicopterus, niger, helvo-pubescens, thorace confertim punctato, elytris sanguineo-
ferrugineis, striis punctatis, interstitiis fere planis ruguloso-punctatis, antennis vix piceis, (feminz)
articulo 3'° secundo fere duplo longiore. Long. -48—-5.

Ampedus phenicopterus Germ. Zeitschr. 5, 161.

Oregon and Lake Superior. Having compared specimens, I have been convinced of
their identity. ‘This species is very closely allied to the last, but the colour of the elytra
is more obscure, and without spots: the thorax is more convex and more rounded on the
sides: the difference in the depth of the elytral stri and the punctuation of the interstices
is not as obvious as would appear in Germar’s description: I find that there is some
variation in this respect in different specimens, though the interstices are never as convex
as in the preceding.

14. E. luctuosus, ater, griseo-pubescens, thorace confertim punctato, postice canaliculato,
elytris striis profundis punctatis, interstitiis confertim rugose punctulatis, antennis articulo 3" secundo
vix longiore, pedibusque piceis. Long. -43—-5.

Lake Superior, at Eagle Harbour. This species is extremely similar to the next, but the
third joint of the antenne in both sexes is much shorter than the fourth and hardly longer
than the second. The elytra are less tapering, being almost parallel anteriorly, as in the
preceding two species. The thorax is narrowed from the base, and moderately rounded

on the sides: in the female it is a little broader than long, in the male its diameters are
about equal.

5

OF THE UNITED STATES. 467

15. E. socer, ater, griseo-pubescens, thorace confertim punctato, postice subcanaliculato,
elytris striis profundis punctatis, interstitiis subconvexis confertim punctatis, antennis nigris articulo
3'° secundo fere duplo longiore, pedibus piceis. Long. 52.

One specimen, Pennsylvania. The thorax is longer than wide, very slightly narrowed
and not rounded from the base to the middle, then narrowed and broadly rounded to the tip:
the elytra are slightly narrowed from the very base; the punctures of the interstices are
close and distinct. Differs from the preceding by the third joint of the antenne being
longer than the second, and by the form of the thorax: from the next by the much shorter
pubescence and also by the form of the thorax.

16. E.impolitus, ater, longius helvo-pubescens, thorace breviusculo, confertim punctato, pos-
tice canaliculato, elytris striis profundis punctatis, interstitiis confertim rugose punctatis, antennis
nigris, basi testaceis, articulo 3'° secundo fere duplo longiore, pedibus ferrugineis. Long. ‘47.

Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 180.

Pennsylvania, rare. The thorax is a little wider than long, narrowed and rounded from
the very base; the punctuation is a little finer, and the pubescence considerably longer
than in the preceding species. The elytra are slightly narrowed from the very base.
The legs are rufo-testaceous, or ferruginous.

17. E. hepaticus, piceo-ater, helvo-pubescens, thorace breviusculo, confertim punctato, elytris
striis minus profundis punctatis, interstitiis planiusculis subtilius .rugose punctatis, antennis pedibus-
que fusco-testaceis articulo 3'° secundo fere duplo longiore. Long. *45.

Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 2, 160.

Pennsylvania and Vermont. The antenne are more slender than in the neighbouring
species; the thorax is considerably rounded on the sides, but the narrowing is scarcely
perceptible from the base to the middle; it is less convex than usual and not at all chan-
nelled posteriorly ; the posterior angles in Dr. Melsheimer’s type continue the line of the
sides, while in my specimen they are slightly divergent. ‘The elytra are parallel to the
middle, very slightly narrower than the thorax; the stria are not deep, the interstices
are not convex, finely and not densely rugosely punctured.

18. E. molestus, ater, helvo-pubescens, thorace oblongo antice angustato, confertim punctato,
postice subcanaliculato, elytris antice parallelis, apice obtusiusculis, striis punctatis, interstitiis con-
fertim rugose punctatis, antennis basi testaceis, articulis 2 et 3 subwqualibus, pedibus testaceo-piceis.
Long. *35.

A specimen found at Lake Superior; another with paler legs brought from Maine by
Prof. Guyot. The thorax is a little longer than wide, narrowed and rounded before the
middle, with the sides parallel posteriorly. The elytra are parallel as far as the middle,
then obtusely rounded to the apex; the stri are narrow and well defined; the interstices
are not convex; the antenne are strongly serrate, the third joint hardly longer than the
second; the eleventh joint oval.

19. E. fuscatus, ater, helvo-pubescens, thorace oblongo, antice angustato, punctato, elytris a
basi subangustatis, striis punctatis, interstitiis rugose punctatis, antennis basi testaceis, articulis 2 et

3 subzequalibus, pedibus rufis. Long. *3—-37.
Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 213.

468 REVISION OF THE ELATERIDA

Middle States. Differs from the preceding in the thorax not being channelled behind,
and in the punctuation becoming finer near the base; also in the elytra being slightly nar-
rowed from the base, and less obtuse at the apex, and in the interstices being less densely
punctured. ‘The antenne are a little shorter than the thorax and strongly serrate.

20. EH. nigricans, ater, helvo-pubescens, thorace punctato, postice canaliculato, elytris acutius-
culis, striis punctatis, interstitiis remote rugose punctatis, antennis piceis articulis 2 et 5 sub&qualibus,
pedibus ferrugineis. Long. *31.

Ampedus nigricans Germ. Zeitschr. 5, 176.

Elater testaceipes Mels. Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 2, 213.

Pennsylvania and New York. Differs from E. molestus by its less obtuse elytra,
and from E. fuscatus by the punctuation of the thorax not being fine at the base, and by
the dorsal channel being distinct posteriorly. In the specimens seen, the thorax is nar-
rowed anteriorly from the middle, and is a little longer than wide ; Germar describes the
thorax as being “latitudine baseos subbrevior;” but this difference may be sexual.

21. E. ursulus, ater, nigro-pubescens, thorace punctato, postice subcanaliculato, elytris postice
obtusioribus, striis punctatis, interstitiis rugose punctatis, antennis articulo 3° secundo paulo longiore,
pedibus rufo-piceis, vel nigro-piceis. Long. °31.

Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 213.

Pennsylvania and New York. This species is readily distinguished from the preceding
closely allied species by its pubescence being finer, and so dark coloured as to be almost
invisible, unless viewed laterally; the thorax is a little longer than wide, and is narrowed
almost from the base and rounded on the sides.

This species seems subject to variations: in the type the interstices of the elytra are
sparsely punctured, and the feet dark rufo-piceous; in two other specimens the feet are
black, and the elytra more densely rugous. I should have considered the type as Ampe-
dus pedalis Germ. (Zeitschr. 5, 176,) but the thorax is not densely punctured, as re-
quired by his description.

22. EH. lacustris, ater, griseo-pubescens, thorace punctato, antrorsum angustato, elytris basi late
ferrugincis, striis punctatis, interstitiis subconvexis, disperse punctatis, antennis pedibusque testaceis,
illis articulis 2 et 3 subzequalibus. Long. °22.

One specimen, Lake Superior. The thorax is narrowed from the middle to the apex,
and broadly rounded on the sides; it is scarcely longer than wide, the elytra are parallel
anteriorly, obtusely rounded posteriorly; the antenne are not longer than the thorax,
which character would distinguish it from Ampedus pullus Germ. (Zeitschr. 5, 162.)

23. EH. fusculus, ater, helvo-pubescens, thorace punctato, ante medium angustato, angulis posti-
cis testaceis, elytris subtilius striatis, striis punctatis, interstitiis planis confertim punctatis, testaceis,
sutura late infuscata, antennis pedibusque testaceo-fuscis, illis articulis 2 et 3 equalibus. Long. -26.

Lake Superior, two specimens. The thorax is not longer than wide, and tolerably
strongly rounded on the sides, which are parallel behind the middle. 'The elytra are pa-
rallel on the sides, and gradually somewhat obtusely rounded at the tip. The antenne
are as long as the thorax.

OF THE UNITED STATES. 469

24. HE. deletus, ater, nitidus, griseo-pubescens, thorace antrorsum angustato, subtiliter parce
punctulato, elytris subtilius striatis, striis punctatis, interstitiis planis, punctatis, antennis pedibusque
fusco-testaceis, illis articulis 2 et 3 xequalibus. Long. -25.

Variat, elytris testaceo-fuscis.

Lake Superior. Though the thorax is narrowed almost from the base, and is less
rounded on the sides than in the preceding, the chief character for distinguishing them is
found in the punctuation of the thorax, which is here much finer and more distant; the
pubescence instead of being brown is dark gray, appearing almost black in certain lights,
The form and sculpture of the elytra are as in E. fusculus.

One specimen from Eagle Harbour, Lake Superior, is absolutely the same in form as
those above described; but the strix of the elytra are deep and strongly punctured, and
the antenne and feet are yellowish testaceous. In the absence of other specimens, I can-
not decide if it should rank as a distinct species.

25, E. mixtus, piceo-niger, helvo-pubescens, thorace a medio antrorsum angustato, punctato,
elytris parallelis, testaceo-rufis, pone medium gradatim nigricantibus, striis subtilibus punctatis, in-
terstitiis planis rugose punctatis, antennis pedibusque piceis, illis articulo 3'° 2° sesqui longiore.
Long. °32.

Herbst, Kafer, 10, 54, tab. 164, fig. 9.

One specimen, Lake Superior, ‘The antennee are moderately long: the third joint, al-
though not much more than half the size of the fourth, is larger than the second joint:
the thorax is not longer than wide, is obliquely narrowed anteriorly, and but slightly
rounded: the elytra are parallel anteriorly, and obtusely rounded posteriorly: the tarsi
are testaceous.

~ 26. E. miniipennis, niger, helvo-pubescens, thorace a medio antrorsum angustato, punctato,
elytris parallelis, miniatis, striis profundis punctatis, interstitiis convexis, vix parce punctulatis, pe-
dibus piceo-testaceis, antennis piceis, basi testaceis, articulis 2 et 3 wqualibus 4° coniunctis longiori-
bus. Long. :25—°8. :
Georgia, Maryland, and Lake Supetior. In appearance resembles E. sang uinipen-
nis, but is essentially different by the parallel obtuse elytra, and the light-coloured feet.
The colour of the elytra is hardly as brilliant as in the next species.

ae

27. E. sanguinipennis, niger, nitidus, helvo-pubescens, thorace remotius punctato, antror-
sum angustato, elytris a basi postice angustatis, lete coccineis, striis profundis punctatis, interstitiis
convexis parce punctulatis, tarsis testaceis, antennis nigris basi subtestaceis, articulis 2 et 3 subaqua-
libus, 4° coniunctis vix longioribus. Long. *33,

Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 8, 177; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 173.

Ampedus sanguinipennis Germ. Zeitschr. 5, 160.

+ One specimen, Georgia; found also in the middle States.

28. E. palans, ater, nitidus, griseo-pubescens, thorace latitudine longiore, antrorsum angustato,
lete sanguineo, remote subtilius punctato, postice subcanaliculato, angulis posticis prosternoque nigris,
elytris striis profundis, punctatis, interstitiis convexis parce rugose punctatis, antennis articulo 3%
paulo dilatato, 4" longitudine xquali. Long. °26.

One specimen, Georgia. Care must be taken that this species is not confounded with
the next, to which it bears an astonishing resemblance. On comparison, the thorax is
different in form, being but little rounded on the sides: the punctuation is less dense, and

470 REVISION OF THE ELATERIDA

the disc is distinctly channelled posteriorly: the elytra are very slightly narrowed from the
base: the third joint of the antennz is very different in form, being as long as the fourth,
though but slightly dilated.

29. E. collaris, ater, nitidus, brunneo-pubescens, thorace sanguineo, latitudine non longiore, a
medio antrorsum angustato, sat dense punctato, postice obsolete canaliculato, prosterno nigro, ely-
tris parallelis, griseo-pubescentibus, striis profundis punctatis, interstitiis subconvexis disperse punc-
tatis, antennis articulis 2 et 3 subsequalibus, 4'° coniunctis longioribus. Long. °35.

Say, Annals of the Lyceum of Nat. Hist. New York, 1, 268.

Elater thoracicus { Herbst, Kifer, 10, 51, tab. 162, fig. 8.

Ampedus collaris Germ. Zeitschr. 5, 172.

Middle and Southern States. Iferbst seems to have confounded this species with a Eu-
ropean Elater thoracicus Fabr. which is now placed in Cardiophorus. There are some
naturalists who, finding that the species of the two authors fall into different genera, would
retain both; a piece of deference to ancient authorities which can be shown only at the
expense of good scientific morals, since it opens the way to carelessness. The only method
of preserving nomenclature from even greater confusion than that in which it is already
plunged, is to exclude decidedly, and without hesitation, every name founded upon error
or misinterpretation of preceding authors. Dr. Harris thinks that the E. collaris is a spe-
cies of Cratonychus, but as Say does not mention the serration of the ungues, it is safer
to consider the present species, which agrees perfectly with his description, as really the
one intended. In his remarks, (Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 174,) Say places E. collaris among
the species with simple ungues, and it is hardly probable that, after his attention was turned
to that character, he would have made an error in grouping the species.

30. E. rubricus, ater nitidus, longius helvo-pubescens, thorace a medio antrorsum angustato,
nigro, basi late lateribusque sanguineo, punctato, elytris parallelis, striis profunde punctatis, interstitiis
paulo convexis punctatis, pedibus piceo-testaceis, antennis basi testaceis, articulo 3° 2° paulo
longiore. Long. :-31—-34.

Say, Annals of Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York, 1, 261.

Middle and Eastern States. This species seems to resemble very much Ampedus c.on-
cinnus Germ. (Zeitschr. 5, 170,) but the thorax is too strongly punctured, and the third
joint of the antenne is not twice as long as the second: in none of the specimens seen by
me does the black spot of the thorax reach the base. In a specimen from Vermont, the
thorax seems to be narrowed from the base, but as the form is not symmetrical, it must
be considered as a distortion. The prosternum is always black; the under surface of the
thorax is sometimes entirely red, sometimes almost black. In the male the last joint of
the antenne is slightly acuminate; in the female it is rounded.

= *
31. E. obliquus, supra fusco-niger, longius cinereo-pubescens, thorace subtransverso, parcius

punctulato, antice rotundatim angustato, margine omni testaceo, elytris subcuneatis, macula obliqua
basali versus suturam latiore lutea, striis profunde punctatis, interstitiis parce punctatis, subtus rufes-
cens, pectore infuscato, antennis fusco-testaceis, articulo 3° angusto 4° longitudine equali. Long.
-20—-23.

Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 174.

Ampedus scitulus Germ. Zeitschr. 5, 168.

OF THE UNITED STATES. 471

Middle and Eastern States, rare. Germar says that this species differs from others by
its longer and more strongly serrate antenne. It is true that the antenne are strongly
serrate, but I find them of the same form in nearly all the species of the present division
of the genus; while in E. linteus, the antenne are still more strongly serrate. In my spe-
cimens, which are females, the antenne are but little longer than the thorax; the specimen
described by Germar is said to have antenne half as long as the body, and is certainly a
male. Dr. Harris thinks that this is E.stigma flerbst; a species placed in Limonius by
Dejean, and which for the present it is safer to consider as indeterminate, or unknown.

32. E. areolatus, rufo-testaceus, cinereo-pubescens, thorace subtransverso, punctulato, antice
rotundatim angustato, capite scutello elytrisque nigris, his macula obliqua basali, apiceque late rufo-
flavis, striis profunde punctatis, interstitiis parce punctatis, antennis fuscis, basi testaceis, articulo
3° angusto, 4 longitudine equali. Long. 18—-22.

Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. 3, 167.

Middle and Southern States, rare. The only differences between this and the preceding
species are those of colour. Iam very much disposed to regard them as varieties; if this
view should finally prevail, the name areolatus has of course precedence.

Erichson has committed a very singular error in quoting Say’s species under the genus
Cardiophorus, (Germ. Zeitschr. 2,321.) The species there described has no resemblance
whatever to the present one, and is in reality Elater curiatus Say, (Trans. Am. Phil.
Soc. 6, 173.)

33. E. luteolus, rufo-testaceus, longius flavo-pubescens, thorace subtransverso, antrorsum rotun-
datim angustato, parce punctulato, elytris subcuneatis, saturatioribus, striis profunde punctatis, in-
terstitiis parce punctulatis, antennis articulis 2 et 3 subzequalibus maiusculis. Long. -15.

One specimen, North Carolina, Dr. Zimmermann. This is the smallest species of the
genus known to me; in form and structure it altogether resembles E. obliquus, except
that the thorax is more regularly narrowed and rounded anteriorly, and that the second
joint of the antenne is very little shorter than the third; the specimen is a male, and has
antenne fully half as long as the body.

— 34. E. humeralis, elongatus, ater nitidus, subtiliter nigro-pubescens, thorace latitudine longiore,
antrorsum angustato, vix rotundato, parcius punctato, elytris macula humerali quadrata sanguinea,
parallelis, striis punctatis interstitiis vix convexis, rugose punctatis, antennis totis nigris, articulo
3° triangulari 2"2° sesqui maiore. Long. -34.

Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 2, 159.

Pennsylvania. I have only seen the type in Dr. Melsheimer’s collection. The third
joint of the antenna, although dilated, is hardly one-half the size of the fourth. Germar’s
Ampedus xanthomus (Zeitschr. 5, 168) seems to agree nearly with this, but the size
(-25 unc.) is so different, that I cannot consider them as identical.

35. E. protervus, elongatus, ater, nitidus, cinereo-pubescens, thorace latitudine longiore, an-
trorsum a basi paulo angustato, lateribus parum rotundatis, sat dense punctato, elytris parallelis basi
anguste et epipleuris sanguineis, striis punctatis, interstitiis subconvexis, rugose punctatis, anten-
nis piceis, articulo 3° 2"4° paulo maiore, tarsis rufo-piceis, Long. °4.

vou, X.—77

472 REVISION OF THE ELATERID

Lake Superior. It 1s difficult to determine whether this should not be considered as E.
semicinctus Randall (B. Journ, Nat. Hist. 2, 10;) but the expression “ body consider-
ably dilated,’ coupled with the observation that “it seems most nearly allied to E, dis-
coideus,’’ has induced me to refer Randall’s description to No. 8 of this genus, above
described. The thorax in this species is less narrowed in front than usual; the elytra
are also parallel beyond the middle, then gradually narrowed to the tip.

36. E. stigmosus, elongatus, ater cinereo-pubescens, thorace latitudine longiore, antrorsum
subangustato, lateribus antice subrotundatis, sat dense punctato, postice obsolete canaliculato, elytris
macula hamata basali, humerum includente, alteraque utrinque transversa pone medium flavis: striis
punctulatis interstitiis planis, rugose punctatis, pedibus antennarumque basi testaceis, his articulis 2
et 5 equalibus. Long. -21—-25.

Lake Superior, two specimens. A very distinct and pretty species; the yellow spots
of the elytra are arranged in the following manner: a line from the middle of the base
follows along the fourth interstice for one-third the length of the elytra; it there meets a
broader line running obliquely inwards from below the humerus, and slightly dilated along
the margin; the posterior spot is small, and situated one-third the entire length of the
elytra from the apex; in the second specimen the hook formed by the junction of the two
anterior lines is imperfect, and the posterior spot is larger, becoming almost round; the
tibize and tarsi are much paler than the femora. The second and third joints of the an-
tenne together are not longer than the fourth.

37. HE. rufilabris, elongatus, linearis, nigro-piceus fusco-pubescens, thorace latitudine fere ses-
qui longiore, antice vix angustato, ad apicem paulo rotundato, punctato, basi lutea, elytris basi an-
guste luteis, striis punctulatis, interstitiis confertim punctatis, pedibus flavo-testaceis, antennis elon-
gatis piceis, basi testaceis, articulis 2 et 3 wqualibus 4'° coniunctis brevioribus. Long. *25—-32.

Germ. Ins. Nov. 47.

Ampedus rufilabris Germ. Zeitschr. 5, 169.

Middle and Southern States. The head is larger than usual, although there is not a
great deal of difference in form between this and the two preceding species; this is, how-
ever, narrower and more parallel. The outline of the front is more rounded than usual,
and the margin is slightly reflexed.

Biauta Lec.

Frons convexiuscula, paulo producta, margine rotundata, non impressa; labrum antice rotundatum ;
antennze serrate, 11-articulatee, articulo 1™° mediocri, 2 et 5 parvis, hoe sesqui maiore, 11™° subcon-
stricto: prosternum antice lobatum, mucrone postico leviter inflexo, sutura obliqua, subconcava, usque
ad medium valde exarata; mesosternum non protuberans; cox postice laminis intus sensim et mo-
dice dilatatis, margine bisinuato, dente interno magno, acuto: tarsi pubescentes, articulo 1™° sequen-
tibus duobus zequali, 2—4 sensim brevioribus, subtus breviter lobatis et spongiosis: 5'° primo wquali,
unguiculis simplicibus.

A curious, subcylindrical insect, which I am very much disposed to consider Ampedus

cribrarius Germ. (Zeitschr. 5, 178;) but as it has the thorax a little longer than wide, and
the antenne very distinctly serrate, it is more proper to retain it as distinct from that spe-

OF THE UNITED STATES. 473

cies. ‘The posterior angles of the thorax are carinated, with the carina slightly diverging
from the margin: the basal fissures are short and distinct.

1. B. cauta, subcylindrica, castanea, helyo-pubescens, capite thoraceque confertim punctatis, hoc
latitudine paulo longiore, antrorsum subangustato, lateribus rectis apice paulo rotundatis, elytris striis
profundis punctatis, interstitiis sub convexis punctatis. Long. -55.

One specimen, Georgia. The sides of the thorax are not parallel, but converge slightly
anteriorly: the posterior angles continue the line of the sides; they are straight consider-
ably in front of the middle, then slightly rounded to the apex.

Cratonycuus De. Er.

1. C. corticinus, linearis elongatus, parcius longe sordide pilosus, piceus, fronte concava, tho-
race latitudine longiore, antrorsum paulo anguStato, lateribus rectis, grosse punctato, parcius in medio,
postice canaliculato, angulis posticis productis divergentibus, elytris parallelis, striis punctatis vix
impressis, interstitiis rugose punctulatis, antennis thorace sesqui longioribus, (maris sublanuginosis,)
articulis 2 et 3 subzequalibus. Long. °58.

Ellater corticinus Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. 3, 174; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 183.

One specimen, Georgia. The sides of the thorax are scarcely rounded at the anterior
? t=)
angles: the divergence of the posterior angles causes them to appear slightly concave :
the carina is about one-third the length of the thorax and very near to the margin.

2. C. longulus, linearis elongatus, piceo-niger griseo-pubescens, fronte concava, thorace latitu-
dine longiore, antrorsum paulo angustato, lateribus rectis apice subrotundatis, grosse punctato, parcius
in medio, angulis posticis divergentibus, postice canaliculato, elytris parallelis, striis punctatis haud vel
vix impressis, interstitiis parce punctulatis, pedibus rufis, antennis, (maris lanuginosis,) articulo 3'° se-
cundo sesqui longiore. Long. °4.

-Four specimens, San Diego, California, all of which appear to be males: the antennz
are not much longer than the head and thorax, and are somewhat strongly serrate.

Found with them was a single female, having a complete resemblance in the form and
sculpture of every portion of the body, except the thorax, which is brownish red, with the
sides straight as far as the middle, then broadly rounded to the apex: the posterior angles
are hardly divergent: the antenne are formed as in the male, and finely pubescent.

3. C. macer, elongatus fere linearis, testaceus, vel fuscus, longius pubescens, fronte concava, tho-
race latitudine longiore, antrorsum angustato, lateribus fere rectis, sat grosse punctato, parcius in
disco, postice canaliculato, angulis posticis non divergentibus, elytris a basi subangustatis, striis punc-
tatis, leviter impressis, interstitiis punctis paucis notatis, antennis pubescentibus thorace sesqui longi-
oribus, articulo 3° 2°" sesqui longiore. Long. ‘43.

Georgia and New York. Easily distinguished by its very narrow body, not entirely
linear as in the preceding, nor as strongly lanceolate as in the following.

. 4. ©. cuneatus, modice lanceolatus, fusco-piceus, densius fusco-pubescens, fronte concava, tho-
race latitudine subbreviore, antrorsum angustato, lateribus late vix rotundatis, disco minus dense sat
grosse punctato, linea dorsali levi antice obsoleta, elytris a basi angustatis, striis punctatis subim-
pressis, interstitiis disperse punctulatis, antennis (maris lanuginosis) thorace sesqui longioribus, articulo
3i° 2.9 duplo maiore. Long. ‘62.

474d REVISION OF THE ELATERIDA

Georgia. Ihave only males. The smooth but not impressed dorsal hne distinguishes
this from the allied species. ‘Phe sides of the thorax are thickly, the disc less densely,
punctured; the posterior angles have two distinct carine. In one specimen, which is
possibly a distinct species, the thorax is less convex, and with the exception of the dorsal
line is equally and densely punctured.

5. C. incertus, piceus, fusco-pubescens, fronte concava, thorace antrorsum a basi angustato,
latitudine vix breviore, lateribus late rotundatis, crebre punctato, postice subcanaliculato, elytris sub-
parallelis, striis impressis punctatis, interstitiis subtiliter rugose-punctulatis, antennis pedibusque cas-
taneis, illis articulo 3'° 2™° duplo longiore, (maris lanuginosis, femine pubescentibus.) Long. -61—-75.

Missouri ‘Territory. ‘The sides of the thorax in one male are nearly straight; in the
females they are broadly rounded: the elytra are very slightly narrowed from the base in
the males, while they are parallel in the females. This species is very similar to the next,
and is only to be distinguished by the more gradually rounded sides of the thorax. The
posterior angles are bicarinate.

6. C. decumanus, piceus, fusco-pubescens, fronte concava, thorace latitudine fere breviore, la-
teribus postice fere parallelis antice rotundatis, crebre grossius punctato, postice vix canaliculato, ely-
tris parallelis, striis impressis punctatis, interstitiis punctulatis, antennis (maris longius, feminze sub-
tilius) pubescentibus, articulo 3° 2° duplo longiore. Long. -68—-73.

Erichson, Germ. Zeitschr. 5, 104.

Maryland, Prof. Adams. Although differing but slightly in appearance from the pre-
ceding, the antennee of the male are not covered with erect hairs, but with prostrate
hairs, longer than those seen in the female. The inner carina of the posterior angles of
the thorax is distinct.

One female differs in having the punctures of the interstices of the elytra very distinct.

7. C. clandestinus, niger, subtiliter cinereo-pubescens, fronte concava, thorace latitudine lon-
giore, elytris vix latiore, lateribus fere parallelis antice late rotundatis, confertim subtilius punctato,
postice breviter canaliculato, elytris parallelis, striis punctatis, interstitiis subtiliter rugose punctula-
tis, antennis lanuginosis piceis articulis 2 et 3 parvis equalibus, pedibus rufis. Long. *32—-37.

Erichson, Germ. Zeitschr. 3, 112.

Middle and Southern States.

8. C. secretus, niger, nitidus, pube subtili atro-griseo Vix conspicua vestitus, fronte late con-
cava, fortius marginata, thorace latitudine longiore lateribus parallelis antice rotundatis, minus con-
vexo, disperse punctato, postice breviter canaliculato, elytris thorace vix angustioribus parallelis, striis
profunde punctatis, interstitiis disperse punctulatis, pedibus antennisque rufis, his breviter lanuginosis,
articulo 3° 2" paulo longiore. Long. -832—-41,

Georgia. The carina of the posterior angles of the thorax is very long, very close to
the margin, and parallel with it. The form of the thorax causes this species to resemble
the preceding, but its characters are very different. It, however, forms the passage from
the species having the front concave, to those with the front flattened or convex.

9. C.igno bilis, fusco-piceus, elongatus, griseo-pubescens, fronte plana, margine subreflexo, tho-
race latitudine subbreviore antrorsum paulo angustato, lateribus rectis, minus convexo, sat dense punc-

OF THE UNITED STATES. 475

tato, carina angulari margini valde approximata, elytris a basi attenuatis, punctis magnis seriatis, in-
terstitiis parce punctulatis, antennis elongatis, valde serratis, articulo 3'° secundo sesqui longiore,
pedibus castaneis. Long. -41.

Melanotus ignobilis Mels. Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 32, 152.

A very distinct species, of which Ihave seen only the single male found in Pennsy|-
vania by Dr. Melsheimer: the pubescence of the antenna is very short, but dense and
erect.

10. C. depressus, modice elongatus, piceus, griseo-pubescens, fronte plana, submarginata, tho-
race latitudine non breviore, antrorsum angustato, lateribus rectis, antice vix rotundatis, parce dis-
tincte punctato, minus convexo, carina angulari margini valde approximata, elytris a basi attenuatis
striis impressis subtilius punctatis, interstitiis vage punctulatis, antennis (maris lanuginosis, feminx
longius pubescentibus) articulo 3° 4" yix breviore, pedibus rufis. Long. -36—4.

Ctenonychus depressus Mels. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 151.

Middle and Southern States, not rare. In the male the elytra are more attenuated, and
almost straight on the sides; in the female the sides are slightly rounded.

11. C. angustatus, rufo-testaceus, nitidus, modice elongatus subtiliter griseo-pubescens, fronte
plana, thorace minus convexo latitudine vix breviore, antrorsum angustato, lateribus rectis apice paulo
rotundatis parce subtilius punctato, carina angulari elongata margini valde approximata, elytris striis
vix impressis distincte punctatis, interstitiis yix subtiliter punctulatis, antennis articulo 3° 4 paulo
breviore. Long. °36.

Erichson, Germ. Zeitschr. 3, 113.

Ctenonychus testaceus Mels. Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 2, 151.

One specimen from Pennsylvania in Dr. Melsheimer’s collection, which agrees with
Erichson’s description in every respect except in being rather paler coloured.

12. C. trapezoideus, fusco-piceus, longius griseo-pubescens, fronte fere plana, utrinque paulo
impressa, thorace latitudine breviore, antrorsum paulo angustato, parce grossius punctato, lateribus
rectis, carina angulari margini approximata, elytris subparallelis, striis impressis subtilius punctatis,
interstitiis parce punctatis, pedibus rufis, antennis piceo-rufis, (maris sublanuginosis) articulo 3° Qndo
duplo longiore. Long. *31—-36,

New Jersey, Mr. Guex. Similar in characters to C. de pressus, but somewhat less
elongated, with a shorter thorax; the third joint of the antennz is intermediate in size to
the second and fourth.

13. C. tenicollis, niger, minus subtiliter albido-pubescens, fronte subimpressa, marginata, tho-
race latitudine non breviore, minus convexo, lateribus postice parallelis, antice rotundatis, parce punc-
tato, wargine omni lete rufo, elytris parallelis, striis punctatis, vix impressis, interstitiis parce fortius
punctatis, margine basali pedibusque leete rufis, antennis piceo-rufis longius pubescentibus, articulis 2
et 3 parvis equalibus. Long. °35.

One specimen, Philadelphia, Mr. Schafhirt. Peculiar from the very quadrate form of
the thorax; the inflexed portion of the thorax is red, the prosternum black; the carina of
the posterior angles of the thorax is short, and diverges a little from the margin; the an-
tenn do not reach beyond the base of the thorax.

14. C. Leonardi, niger, subtilius cinereo-pubescens, fronte paulo convexa, thorace lete
sanguineo, latitudine vix longiore, convexiusculo antrorsum angustato, et lateribus rotundato, punc-

476 REVISION OF THE ELATERIDA

tato, parcius in disco, postice subcanaliculato, elytris subparallelis, striis punctatis, interstitiis parce
distinctius punctatis, pedibus rufo-piccis, antennis (maris lanuginosis, feminze pubescentibus) articulis
2 et 3 parvis equalibus. Long. *#2.

Georgia, Pennsylvania, and New Hampshire; for a fine specimen from the last locality,
collected by the Rev. Mr. Leonard, I am indebted to Dr. Harris. ‘The whole appearance
is precisely that of Elater rubricollis, but the thorax is brighter coloured. ‘The proster-
num is black; the carina of the posterior angles of the thee is one-fourth the length of
the thorax, and diverges slightly. Dr. Harris considers this as Elater collaris Say: for the
reasons which compel me to differ with him, see the remarks under species (29) of Elater-

15. C. serobicollis, piceus, elongatus, fusco-pubescens, fronte minus convexa, thorace latitu-
dine sublongiore, antrorsum sensim angustato, lateribus vix rotundatis, canaliculato, grosse sat dense
punctato, elytris striis punctatis, interstitiis perparce punctatis, antennis (maris lanuginosis, feminze
pubescentibus) articulis 2 et 3 subequalibus. Long. -6—-67.

Middle States and Lake Superior. Brownish piceous, not densely clothed with brown
pubescence. Head coarsely and densely punctured, front slightly flattened, not impressed.
Antenne longer than the head and thorax; pubescence in the male erect, in the female de-
pressed; third joint hardly larger than the second. Thorax a little longer than wide, not
wider than the elytra, sides oblique from the base, and hardly rounded; disc very coarsely,
tolerably densely punctured, dorsal line impressed posteriorly, obsolete before the middle;
posterior angles continuing the line of the side, carina extending almost to the middle, in-
ternal carina wanting. Elytra slightly narrowed from the base in the male, nearly paral-
lel for two-thirds the “length in the female, strie not deep, coarsely punctured, interstices
with a few fine punctures; feet very dark castaneous.

A male specimen from New York differs in having the sides of the thorax nearly pa-
rallel behind the middle, and considerably rounded in front; if this should not be an acci-
dental distortion, it would seem to indicate a different species; but after careful compari-
son no other difference could be discovered.

16. C. ine qualis, piceus, fusco-pubescens, fronte convexa, thorace subtransverso, postice subca-
naliculato, lateribus subangulato, grosse sat dense punctato, elytris subparallelis, seriatim punctatis,
interstitiis distinctius parce punctatis, antennis (femine) pubescentibus articulo 3° secundo sesqui
maiore. Long. ‘70.

One specimen from Point Kewenaw, Lake Superior. Brownish piceous, not densely
clothed with brown pubescence. Head coarsely densely punctured, convex, scarcely im-
pressed. Antenne longer than the head and thorax; third joint much smaller than the
fourth, and one-half larger than the second. ‘Thorax as wide as the elytra, a little broader
than long, sides behind the middle almost parallel, then strongly narrowed to the apex,
and almost angulated on the sides; disc very coarsely and tolerably densely punctured,
slightly channelled posteriorly; posterior angles diverging from the line of the side; carina
extending nearly midway from the angle to the anterior margin, internal carina hardly
visible; elytra nearly parallel, narrowed for the posterior third of their length; striae not
impressed, composed of well defined lines of punctures; interstices flat, distantly and
strongly punctured; beneath, uniform piceous brown; legs castaneous.

OF THE UNITED STATES. 477

17. C. glandicolor, castaneus, fusco-pubescens, fronte minus convexa, thorace latitudine vix
longiore, a basi sensim angustato, lateribus rectis ad apicem subito rotundatim angustatis, postice
subcanaliculato, parce grosse punctato, elytris subparallelis, striis punctatis, interstitiis planis per-
parce punctatis, antennis (feminz) pubescentibus, articulis 2 et 3 xqualibus. Long. -70.

Melanotus glandicolor Mels. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 152.

One specimen from Pennsylvania in Dr. Melsheimer’s collection. This species is very
distinct by the form of the thorax, the sides of which are perfectly straight and oblique
from the tip of the posterior angles to within one-sixth of the apex, where they are sud-
denly rounded; the carina of the posterior angle is one-third the length of the thorax.

18. C. fissilis, fusco-piceus, brunneo-pubescens, fronte margine paulo reflexo, parum producto,
thorace elytris latiore, latitudine paulo longiore, antrorsum valde angustato, lateribus rotundatis, an-
gulis posticis bicarinatis non divaricatis, sat grosse punctato, non canaliculato, elytris a basi attenua-
tis, seriatim punctatis, interstitiis parce punctatis, et rugosis, antennis articulo 3 sequente vix bre-
viore. Long. -66—-62.

Cratonychus laticollis Erichson, Germ. Zeitschr. 3, 102.

? Elater brevicollis Herbst, Kifer, 10, 46, tab. 162, fig. 3.

Cratonychus ochraceipennis Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 2, 150.

Cratonychus sphenoidalis Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 2, 150 (teste Melsheimer.)

Elater cinereus ( fissilis) Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soe. 6, 183.

Hater (Melanotus) cinereustarris, Ins. Injurious to Vegetation 2nd ed. 48.

Abundant in the Middle and Southern States. Easily distinguished by the thorax being
wider than the elytra, and not channelled. C. ochraceipennis is an immature specimen, in
a bad condition, The posterior angles of the thorax in this species are distinctly bicari-
nate, and the basal fissures very distinct.

19. C. communis, fuscus, brunneo-pubescens, fronte non concava, paulo producta, thorace elytris
sublatiore, latitudine non longiore, antrorsum valde angustato, angulis posticis bicarinatis, sat grosse
punctato, postice canaliculato, elytris striis subimpressis punctatis, interstitiis minus dense rugose
punctulatis, antennis articulo 3'° sequente paulo breviore. Long. -45—-55.

Dejean, Cat. ed. 3°: Erichson, Germ. Zeitschr. 3, 102.

Elater communis GyNenhal, Schinh. Syn. Ins. 3, Ap. 158, (1817;) Say, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 184.

Perimecus communis Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 148.

Elater (Melanotus) communis Harris, loe. cit. 48.

Elater cinereus Weber, Obs. Ent. T7, (1801.)

Abundant, as far as Nebraska. The last synonym is usually given to the preceding
species, but, as Weber says, “Thorax punctatus basi canaliculatus,” it cannot be there
placed. His name has properly priority; but as many entomologists will refuse to adopt
the view here given, (which has indeed already been advanced by Kirby,) the change of
name would only lead to confusion.

One specimen from New Orleans, given me by Dr. Schaum, has the front moderately
deeply concave: the thorax appears a little less convex, and more deeply channelled; but
there does not appear sufficient reason to separate it.

20. C. exuberans, fusco-piceus, brunneo-pubescens, fronte non coneava, paulo producta, thorace

478 REVISION OF THE ELATERIDE

latitudine longiore, antrorsum modice angustato, lateribus latius rotundatis, sat grosse punctato, an-
gulis posticis bicarinatis, elytris a basi angustatis, striis punctatis subimpressis, interstitiis parce
punctulatis, pedibus obscure ferrugineis, antennis articulo 5° sequente paulo breviore. Long. 53.

Two specimens, Santa Fe, collected by Mr. Fendler. This species is related to the
two preceding, but differs by its narrower form, the thorax being proportionally longer,
and not wider than the elytra, less narrowed in front, and less rounded on the sides.

21. C. parumpunctatus, nigro-piceus, cinereo-pubescens, fronte non concava, thorace latitu-
dine paulo longiore, antice precipue versus apicem magis angustato, lateribus rotundatis, parce mo-
dice punctato, postice subcanaliculato, elytris a basi angustatis, striis punctatis, paulo impressis, in-
terstitiis parece punctulatis, pedibus antennisque ferrugineis, his articulo 3'° sequente paulo breviore.
Long. 405.

Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 2, 150.

Middle States. This species has very much the appearance of C. communis, but is
darker coloured, and has the punctures of the thorax somewhat smaller, and much less
dense: even at the sides they are not at all confluent; the posterior angles of the thorax
do not appear bicarinated; otherwise there is no special difference.

22. C. verberans, fuscus, cinereo-pubescens, fronte non concaya, thorace latitudine non Jon-
giore, antrorsum valde angustato, lateribus rotundatis, parce modice punctato, angulis posticis vix
bicarinatis, elytris a basi angustatis, striis punctatis subimpressis, interstitiis parce punctulatis, an-
tennis pedibusque fusco-testaceis, illis articulo 3'° sequente sesqui minore. Long. -89—-47.

Two specimens, Maryland. Resembles exactly C. communis, but the thorax is less
rounded on the sides, and less densely punctured: there is no trace of a dorsal channel:
the inner one of the carine of the posterior angles is less distinct, and the third joint of
the antenn is proportionally smaller, being about intermediate in size between the second
and fourth.

23. C. emissus, longior, fuscus, cinereo-pubescens, fronte non concaya, thorace latitudine non
longiore, lateribus parallelis, antice rotundatis, modice punctato, densius ad latera, angulis posticis
bicarinatis, elytris a basi subangustatis, striis punctatis subimpressis, interstitiis parce punctatis, an-
tennis pedibusque testaceis, illis articulo 3'° sequente sesqui minore. Long. -41.

One specimen, Georgia. More cylindrical than the preceding, with the elytra Jess nar-
’ 5S 5?
rowed posteriorly, and easily distinguished by the sides of the thorax being nearly parallel
for three-fourths of their length. The punctures of the thorax are finer and more nume-
rous than in the next species.

24. C. infaustus, piceo-fuscus, longior, cinereo-pubescens, fronte non concava, thorace latitu-
dine longiore, lateribus rectis, paulo convergentibus, antice rotundatis, parce punctato, elytris a basi
angustatis, striis impressis punctatis, interstitiis parce punctulatis, pedibus antennisque castaneo-rufis,
his articulo 3'° sequente subbreviore. Long. *46.

Georgia. ‘The straight, slightly converging sides of the thorax, rounded only near the
apex, will distinguish this species: the posterior angles have only one carina.

25. C. cribulosus, fuscus, longius cinereo-pilosus, fronte non concava, thorace latitudine non
longiore, antrorsum angustato, lateribus (maris fere rectis) feminz rotundatis, cribratim punctato,

OF THE UNIYED STATES. 479

densius ad latera, elytris a basi subangustatis, striis impressis punctatis, interstitiis parce punctulatis,
antennarum articulo 3° sequenti zequali, pedibusque fusco-testaceis. Long. :37—-43.

Nebraska Territory. The difference in the form of the thorax of the two sexes is very
great: in the male the sides converge regularly, with scarcely any curvature; in the fe-
male the disc is more convex, and the sides are considerably rounded, especially in front:
the third joint of the antennz is wider than usual, and nearly as wide as the fourth.

26. C. pertinax, piceo-niger, parce longius cinereo-pilosus, fronte subconcava, thorace latitu-
dine subbreviore, convexo, lateribus postice parallelis, ante medium valde rotundatis, parce punctato,
punctis in medio fere obsoletis, postice canaliculato, elytris lateribus parallelis, postice oblique angus-
tatis, striis punctatis vix impressis, interstitiis parce subtiliter punctulatis, antennis pedibusque rufis,
illis articulo 3'° sequente non breviore. Long. °42.

later pertinax Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 185.

Massachusetts and Georgia. An easily recognised species: the punctures of the tho-
rax, anteriorly and at the sides, are tolerably large; in the middle they are almost obsolete.

27. C. dubius, piceo-niger, cinereo-pubescens, fronte non concava, thorace latitudine non bre-
viore, lateribus rectis, convergentibus, apice rotundatis, parce punctato, subtilius ad medium, postice
canaliculato, elytris antice fere parallelis, striis punctatis vix impressis, interstitiis rugose punctulatis,
pedibus antennisque rufis, his articulo 3° sequente non breviore. Long. °33.

One specimen, New York. ‘The deep posterior dorsal channel, and the fine punctures of the
interstices of the elytra will distinguish this from the next species: it may possibly be the
male of the preceding species, but there is no evidence of it except the general similarity
of sculpture: the pubescence is denser and not so long: the thorax, however, bears pretty
much the same relation in the two species as in the two sexes of C. cribulosus,

28. C. tenax, piceo-niger, cinereo-pubescens, fronte non concava, thorace latitudine longiore,
antrorsum subangustato, lateribus antice paulo rotundatis, parce squaliter punctato, postice vix ob-
solete canaliculato, elytris striis punctatis, interstitiis minus subtiliter punctatis, pedibus antennisque
rufis, his articulo 3° sequente paulo breviore. Long. -3—-35.

Elater tenax Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 185.

Middle and Southern States. The punctures of the interstices of the elytra are as large
as those of the strie, and will distinguish this from all other species here described. The
strie in one specimen are tolerably deep; in two others they are not impressed. ‘The elytra
in the male are narrowed slightly from the base; in the female they appear nearly parallel.

29. C. americanus, fuscus, cinereo-pubescens, fronte non concava, paulo producta, thorace
latitudine non longiore, antrorsum magis angustato, lateribus ante medium rotundatis, postice breviter
canaliculato, elytris a basi angustatis, striis fortius punctatis, non impressis, interstitiis parce punctu-
latis, antennis articulo 3'° secundo wquali. Long. *28—-35,

Rrichson, Germ. Zeitschr. 3, 114.

Elater americanus Herbst, Kifer, 10, 74; tab. 165, fig. 2.

A very common species: the punctures of the thorax are hardly smaller at the middle:
the small size of the third joint of the antenne will distinguish it from any with which it
is liable to be confounded: Erichson mentions neither this, nor the posterior dorsal chan-

von. x.—78

480 REVISION OF THE ELATERIDE

nel, which is, however, very short. The thorax is more convex in the female, and more
rounded on the sides than in the male.

30. C. insipiens, elongatus, testaceus, cinereo-pubescens, fronte non concava, paulo producta,
thorace latitudine longiore, lateribus antice late rotundatis, minus dense punctato, postice canaliculato,
elytris subparallelis, striis punctatis impressis, interstitiis punctulatis, antennis articulo 3° sequente
paulo breviore. Long. *23.

Elater insipiens Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 184.

Southern States. Distinguished from the following by the dorsal channel of the thorax,
and its rounded sides.

31. C. tenellus, elongatus, testaceus, cinereo-pubescens, fronte non concava, paulo producta,
thorace latitudine longiore, lateribus rectis obliquis, minus convexo, minus dense punctato, non cana-
liculato, elytris a basi subangustatis, striis punctatis impressis, interstitiis parce punctulatis, sutura
late fuscescente. Long. *18—-23.

Erichson, Germ. Zeitschr. 3, 114.

Georgia. The darker suture gives this insect somewhat the appearance of Adrastus
recticollis, but a very slight glance enables them to be separated.

32. C. oregonensis, nigro-piceus, longior, cinereo-pubescens, fronte non concava, vix pro-
ducta, thorace latitudine longiore, convexiusculo, lateribus obliquis ad apicem rotundatis, angulis pos-
ticis divaricatis, sat grosse, lateribus densius punctato, postice canaliculato, elytris fere parallelis, striis
punctatis vix impressis, interstitiis parce punctulatis, pedibus antennisque piceis, his articulo 3'° se-
quenti sesqui breviore. Long. *48.

One specimen, Oregon, Col. M’Call. Sufficiently distinct from any of those above de-
scribed, and resembling perhaps most nearly C. infaustus, but having the thorax more
densely punctured and more oblique on the sides, and the third joint of the antenne hardly
more than half the size of the fourth, and only one half larger than the second.

53. C. longulus, testaceo-fuscus, elongatus, cinereo-pubescens, fronte non concava, thorace la-
titudine longiore, lateribus obliquis antice vix rotundatis, parce subtiliter punctato, postice breviter
canaliculato, elytris fere parallelis striis punctatis subimpressis, interstitiis parce subtiliter punctatis,
antennis articulo 3'° 274° sesqui longiore. Long. °37.

Georgia. My specimens are in bad condition. The third joint of the antenne is inter-
mediate in length between the second and fourth: the feet are paler than the body.

34. C. sagittarius, fuscus, vel testaceus, elongatus, cinereo-pubescens, fronte subconcava, apice
subangulata, thorace minus convexo, latitudine non longiore, antrorsum angustato, lateribus antice
late rotundatis, postice breviter canaliculato, parcius sat grosse punctato, elytris a basi angustatis,

Seriatim punctatis, interstitiis parce punctulatis, antennis articulo 5° secundo sesqui longiore, pedibus
pallidioribus. Long. *54.

Middle States, rare. This and the next species seem to differ from all the preceding
ones in having the clypeus almost angulated at the apex, although not as convex as in the
species of Elater: from C. corticinus, macer, and exuberans, which alone resemble it in
general form, it is easily distinguished by the characters above given.

35. CO. paradoxus, elongatus, nigro-piceus, cinereo-pubescens, fronte subconcava, apice suban-

OF THE UNITED STATES. 481

gulata, thorace minus convexo, antrorsum valde angustato, lateribus rotundatis, (vel potius ad medium
obsolete angulatis,) carina angulari elongata, minus dense sat grosse punctato, elytris a basi angusta-
tis, parce subtilius punctatis, striis internis obliteratis, antennis pedibusque rufis, illis articulo 24°
se equalibus. Long. 6.

Melanotus paradoxus Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 2, 152.

One specimen from Pennsylvania, in Dr. Melsheimer’s collection. The sides of the
thorax are so obtusely angulated, that they may almost be called rounded: the outer
strize of the elytra are punctured and slightly impressed: the inner ones are reduced to
small punctures, which are confused with those belonging to the interstices; the thorax
has a very slight and short impression at the middle of the base. This species agrees ac-
curately with C. prolixus Hr. (Germ. Zeitschr. 3, 94) from Mexico, except that the
breast and abdomen are not castaneous.

Besides these, there are described as occurring in North America, the following species,
which I do not possess, or cannot identify with certainty.

C. castanipes Er. Germ. Zeitschr. 3, 95. Perimecus fulvipes Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 148.
C. spadix Er. Germ. Zeitschr. 3, 103. 2? C. cuneatus Lec.

C. abdominalis Er. Germ. Zeitschr. 3, 104.

C. vetulus Er. Germ. Zeitschr. 3, 105.

Perimecus similis Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 149.

Monocrepipius Esch. (emend.)

Frons paulo convexa, antice rotundatim marginata, margine prominulo: mandibule parvee, apice
subemarginat: palpi articulo ultimo triangulari, oblique truncato, acuto: antenne parum serrate,
articulo primo elongato, 2 et 3 sequentibus angustioribus, 4'° coniunctis longioribus: prosternum an-
tice lobatum, mucrone postice non inflexo, sutura laterali recta, antice haud, vel vix excavata: meso-
sternum non protuberans: coxe postice laminis intus subito modice dilatatis, dente interno magno,
rotundato: tarsi pubescentes, articulo 1™ sequentibus duobus wquali, 4’° subtus sxpe lobato, in (C.)
autem simplici: 5'° longiore, unguiculis integris.

In this genus I include several species, placed by Germar in his second division of
Cryptohypnus, with which they have very little relation: they accord nearly with Elater,
and seem to differ only in having the front less convex and not angulated, the first joint
of the antenne elongated, and the internal tooth of the posterior coxze rounded. I was at
first inclined to consider the species like El. dorsalis, in which the tarsi are not lobed, as a
distinct genus; but finding no other difference, and seeing, moreover, that in the species
with lobed tarsi, there is no constancy in the form of the prolongation, it appears more
natural to consider them as forming one natural genus, in which, as in many others
of this tribe, the form of the fourth joint of the tarsi is variable: the posterior angles of
the thorax are carinate, produced and sharp: basal fissures none,

Our species may be grouped as follows :—

A. Tarsi articulo 4° lobato, lobo valde dilatato - - - - Sp. 1—3.
B. Tarsi articulo 4'° lobato, lobo angusto, (frons convexior :) - - Sp. 4—8.
C. Tarsi articulo 4 non lobato, (frons convexior;) - - - - Sp. 9--14.

482 REVISION OF THE ELATERIDE

The latter division differs from Cryptohypnus, by the prosternum not being dilated in
the middle, by the tarsi not being furnished with long bristles, and by the coxal plates being
less dilated.

A. Tarsi articulo 4° lobo dilaiato instructo.

1. M. lividus, fuscus pube densa pallide cinereo-fusca vestitus, thorace elongato, antrorsum an-
gustato, lateribus late rotundatis, angulis posticis divergentibus, elytris striis punctatis, antennis tes-
taceis, pedibus pallidis. Long. -6—-7.

Elater lividus De Geer, Ins. 4, 162; tab. 18, fig. 13.

Elater castanipest Herbst, Kifer, 10, 23; tab. 160, fig. o.

Elater lobatus Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. 8, 175; Trans. Am. Phil. Soe. 6, 174.

Monocrepidius lobatus Germ. Zeitschr. 1, 228.

Middle and Southern States. De Geer’s figure and description cannot possibly refer to
any other North American species: in a report upon the Coleoptera described by Beauvois,
by M. Chevrolat, (Ann. Ent. Soc. France, Sept. 1852,) the name of De Geer is given to
Elater elongatus Beawv., a species mentioned as occurring in Hayti: as, however, De
Geer states that his specimens came from Pennsylvania, it is obviously imprudent to ap-
ply his specific name to a West Indian species, until specimens from different localities
have been compared, and their identity fully shown. ‘The female is larger and more robust
than the male, and has the sides of the thorax more rounded anteriorly. Germar places
this among the species that have the elytra armed with an apical spine, but there is no such
character to be seen in any of my specimens.

2. M. aversus, fuscus, elongatus, pube densa subcinerea brevissima vestitus, thorace infra flavo-
marginato, elongato, lateribus vix rotundato, basi flava, angulis posticis non divaricatis, elytris striis
punctatis, scutello, antennis, pedibusque flavo-testaceis. Long. -36.

Georgia, rare. The body is entirely, finely and densely punctulate, as in the preceding
species; the pubescence is very short and depressed, hardly altering the general colour of
the insect.

3. M. suturalis, fuscus, tenuiter cinereo-pubescens, thorace testaceo, linea dorsali fusca, elon-
gato, lateribus late rotundatis, punctato, elytris parallelis, testaceis, vitta communi suturali ad basin
et versus apicem latiore, margineque pone medium fuscis, striis punctatis, interstitiis subtilissime punc-
tulatis, antennis pedibusque flavis. Long. 27.

A specimen from Alabama, communicated by Dr. Harris, under the name adopted.
This species is very distinct from the two preceding by the distinct punctures of the tho-
rax. The head is fuscous, with the palpi and antennx pale yellow. The under surface
is fuscous, with the exception of the feet, the anterior margin of the prosternum, and the
inflexed portion of the prothorax, which are testaceous yellow.

B. Tursi articulo 4° lobo angusto, (frons convexior.)

4. M. sordidus, fuscus pube subtili sordida dense vestitus, thorace elongato, conyexiusculo, la-
teribus late rotundato, punctato, angulis posticis pallidioribus subdivergentibus, elytris striis punctatis,
interstitiis vix subtilissime punctulatis, antennis articulo 3'° 2”? longiere, testaceis, palpis pedibusque

flavis. Long. -31—-87.

OF THE UNITED STATES. 483

Two specimens found on the Gila River, New Mexico. This is a moderately stout spe-
cics, intermediate in form between the slender M. vespertinus and the other species of
this group: the oblique side of the last triangular joint of the palpi is straight, so that
those organs appear more acute at the tip than in the other species.

5. M. vespertinus, elongatus infra testaceus, supra fuscus, cinereo-pubescens, thorace latitu-
dine longiore, punctulato, vittis duabus dilatatis nigro-fuscis, scutello testaceo, elytris vitta discoidali
testacea, pone peu sepissime interrupta, striis obsolete punctatis, antennis articulis 2 et 3 subze-
qualibus. Long. -27—-40.

Dej. Cat. p. 98

later vespertinus Fabr. Syst. El. 2, 240: Herbst, Kifer, 10, 131: Say, Tr. Am. Ph. Soe. 6, 177.

Elater finitimus Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 179.

Monocrepidius serotinus Germ. Zeitschr. 1, 227.

Middle and Southern States. Varies very much both in size and colour: the thorax is
occasionally black, with a narrow margin and vitta testaceous: the type with the elytral
vitta entire and uniform is rare; the only specimen I have seen was given me by Mr.
Guex: the vitta is sometimes reduced to a small humeral spot, one about the middle, and
a less distinct one towards the tip. The thorax is longer, less narrowed in front, and
much less rounded on the sides in the male than in the female: in both sexes the posterior
angles are slightly divergent. El. finitimus Say, from a type in Dr. Harris’ collection, is
a dark variety of this species.

6. M. auritus, crassiusculus, fuscus, subtiliter pubescens, thorace convexo, ante medium angus-
tato, angulis posticis vix divergentibus, confertim punctato, testaceo, nigro-bimaculato, (spe nigro,
angulis posticis vittaque obsolete rufo-testaceis,) scutello seepe testaceo, elytris macula utrinque basali,
(ad medium szepe extensa,) alteraque apicali rufo-testaceis, (seepe obsoletis,) striis antice punctatis, inter-
stitiis subtilissime punctulatis, pedibus testaceis, antennis basi pallidioribus, articulis 2 et 3 subequa-
libus, 4 coniunctis longioribus. Long. *2—-29.

Germ. Zeitschr. 5, 148, 190.

Elater auritus Herbst, Kafer, 10, 145.

Oophorus crassicollis Melehesmer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 2, 214.

New York, Georgia, Missouri Territory, Lake Superior. Extremely variable in colour;
some specimens being testaceous above, with merely the head, margin of the elytra, and
-harrow posterior fascia blackish, while others are entirely black; these pass insensibly
into each other, so that no well defined varieties can be separated. In Melsheimer’s ca-
talocue of described Coleoptera of the United States, his O. crassicollis is erroneously
placed under Cryptohypnus, but on inspecting the typical specimen I found the tarsal lobe
very distinct. ‘The male differs from the female by the thorax being longer and less
rounded on the sides.
7. M. blandulus, modice elongatus, parce flayo-pubescens, fuscus, thorace testaceo, fusco bivit-
-tato, latitudine longiore, a basi antrorsum angustato, lateribus vix rotundatis, punctis minutis et mai-
oribus intermixtis sat dense punctato, elytris testaceis postice gradatim angustatis, margine suturaque
postice latiore fuscis, striis antice valde punctatis, interstitiis convexis, vix subtiliter punctulatis, pe-
dibus antennisque flavis, his articulis 2 et 3 equalibus, coniunctis 4° longioribus. Long. -19.

One male specimen, Georgia. Intermediate in form between M. vespertinus and M.

484 REVISION OF THE ELATERIDAD

auritus, and easily distinguished from both by the punctuation of the thorax being com-
posed of large and small points intermixed: a large series of specimens would undoubtedly
show great variations in colour.

8. M. bellus, crassiusculus, niger, flavo-pubescens, thorace distinctius punctato, linea dorsali an-
gulisque posticis brevibus testaccis, elytris lineolis pluribus maculaque ante apicem testaceis, striis
antice valde punctatis, interstitiis subtilissime punctulatis, pedibus antennisque flavis, his extrorsum
crassioribus, articulis 2 et 3 equalibus, 4 vix longiore. Long. *14—-16.

Dej. Cat. p. 98.

Elater bellus Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 168.

Cryptohypnus bellus Germ. Zeitschr. 5, 147. .

Abundant in the middle and Western States. Although Germar affirms positively that
the fourth tarsal joint is not lobed, I find no difficulty in distinguishing the appendage,
when it is not obscured by dust; it seems, in proportion to size, quite as distinct as in M.
auritus.

C. Tarsi articulo 4° non lobato; frons convexa.

9. M. comis, testaceus, subtiliter longius pubescens, capite piceo, thorace latitudine longiore an-
tice angustato, et lateribus rotundato, sat dense subtilius punctato, vitta dorsali sepe dilatata picea,
elytris striis subtilibus punctatis, interstitiis vix subtilissime punctulatis, vitta dorsali antice abbre-
viata seepissime cum sutura confluente, fasciaque postica nigro-piceis, postpectore abdomineque piceis.
Long. *22—:3.

California: found at San Fraucisco and San Jose. This species resembles, in appear-
ance, M. dorsalis, but is at once distinguished by the finer punctures of the thorax, and
the less deep and less strongly punctured strie of the elytra: the pubescence is longer
and denser, although not less fine. ‘he general form of the markings of the elytra is that
of M. dorsalis, but the dorsal vitta does not appear to be ever interrupted, nor is it ever
well separated from the suture, and is most frequently entirely confluent with the suture.
The prosternum seems to be always more or less piceous.

10. M. livens, testaceus, subtiliter longius pubescens, capite subinfuscato, thorace latitudine lon-
giore, antice angustato et lateribus rotundato, sat dense minus subtiliter punctato, vitta dorsali antice
abbreviata infuscata, seepe obsoleta, elytris striis modice profundis punctatis, interstitiis subtilissime
punctulatis, sutura, vitta dorsali antice paulo divergente fasciaque postica infuscatis. Long. +29.

California, at Vallecitas and at the Colorado river. Differs from the preceding by the
coarser punctuation of the thorax, and the uniform yellow colour of the under surface.
In one specimen the fuscous markings of the upper surface are reduced to an ahgulated
band near the tip of the elytra, and slightly dilated along the suture.

11. M. circumscriptus, nigro-piceus, subtiliter parce pubescens, thorace latitudine longiore,
testaceo, vitta dorsali dilatata nigro-picea, confertim minus subtiliter punctato, elytris striis pune-
tatis, sat profundis, interstitiis punctulatis, testaceis vitta integra nigro-picea postice cum sutura con-
fluente; abdomine lateribus rufescente, antennis pedibusque flavis. Long. -2—-3.

later cireumscriptus Germ. Ins. Nov. 46.

? Cryptohypnus circumscriptus Germ. Zeitschr. 5, 146.

Middle and Southern States. I place a query before the last synonym, as nothing is

OF THE UNITED STATES. 485

said in the description concerning the testaceous sutural margin of the elytra, and the
dorsal vitta of the thorax is said to be abbreviated. Three specimens in my collection
agree perfectly with the first description given by Germar: a fourth has a small fuscous
fascia near the apex of the elytra, thus approaching Germar’s second description: the
vitta of the elytra might very easily be so dilated as to remove the sutural yellow margin
entirely, and if this form coexisted with the posterior band just mentioned, the elytra
would agree with those described in Germar’s Zeitschrift: but I cannot suppose that the
dorsal black vitta of the thorax would ever become abbreviated posteriorly as there de-
scribed.

Apart from the coloration of the elytra, this species is distinguished from M. dorsalis
by the longer and more densely punctured thorax: the thorax of the male is almost one-
half longer than wide, and its sides are nearly straight: those of the female are broadly
rounded anteriorly, and the disc is anteriorly a little more convex than in M. dorsalis. The
under surface of the thorax and prosternum is more or less varied with blackish piceous.

12. M. dorsalis, testaceus, subtiliter parce pubescens, capite nigro, thorace latitudine longiore,
antice angustato et lateribus rotundato, minus dense punctato, linea dorsali fusiformi nigra, elytris
striis profundis punctatis, interstitiis parce punctulatis, macula utrinque elliptica ante medium, fas-
ciaque pone medium angulata nigris, postpectore abdomineque nigro-fuscis. Long. -23—-27.

Elater dorsalis Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. 3, 167.

Cryptohypnus dorsalis Germ. Zeitschr. 147.

A very common species, sufficiently distinct from all its allies by the distinct, distant
punctures of the thorax.

13. M. amabilis, testaceus, subtiliter parce pubescens, capite nigro, thorace latitudine longiore,
antice angustato et lateribus rotundato, sat dense punctato, linea dorsali fusiformi nigra, elytris striis
sat profundis punctatis, interstitiis parce punctulatis, sutura antice, macula utrinque elongata, fascia-
que postica angulata nigris. Long. -18.

Maryland, Prof. Adams. This beautiful little species is a miniature of M. dorsalis, and
only differs by the thorax being more densely punctured, and a little more convex: the
suture is blackish near the scutellum, and the spot shows a disposition to be prolonged to
the posterior band, neither of which characters is seen in M. dorsalis. In two specimens
the under surface is testaceous, in a third the postpectus and abdomen are dusky.

14. M. lepidus, testaceus, subtiliter pubescens, capite nigro, thorace latitudine sesqui longiore,
antice vix angustato, angulis posticis divaricatis, confertim minus subtiliter punctato, linea tenui dor-
sali fusca, elytris striis profundis punctatis, interstitiis parce punctulatis, sutura angustissime, vittaque
angusta versus apicem cum sutura confluente fuscis, hac seepe obsoleta. Long. °18.

Two specimens, Georgia. The colour beneath is uniform, pale, testaceous. This
species is less shining than the others, and more elongate in its form: the long densely
punctured thorax, not narrowed in front, hardly rounded on the sides, and slightly nar-
rowed before the divergent posterior angles will readily distinguish it.

Hemreuirus Lair.
1. H. fascicularis, niger, dense fusco-cinereo-pubescens, thorace latitudine longiore, antrorsum
modice angustato, intenibas rufescentibus late rotundatis, sat grosse punctato, basi medio breviter ele-

486 REVISION OF THE ELATERIDA

vato, elytris striis punctatis, interstitiis punctulatis alternatim paulo clatioribus, lineis undatis api-
ceque fuscis. Long. *75.
Germ. Zeitschr. 2, 272.
Elater fascicularis Fabr. Syst. El. 2, 222: Oliv. Ent. 31, 8; tab. 5, fi
104; tab. 168, fig. 1.

Baltimore, North Carolina, Texas, extending into Mexico, and, according to authors,
found also in South America. From the extensive range through which it occurs in
North America, it is scarcely to be supposed that this insect, though rare with us, has
been introduced.

56: Herbst, Kafer, 10,

or
Ss:

Crypronypnus Esch. (emend.)

This genus is here restricted to such species as have the prosternum broader in the
middle than at either end: the lateral suture is consequently convex outwards: the coxal
plates are suddenly moderately dilated internally, but the tooth is not prominent: the tarsi
are moderately short, and hispid with long bristles. Our species may form two groups.

A. Prosternum lobo rotundato ; palpi articulo ultimo triangulari. Sp. 1—5.

1. C. silaceipes, olivaceo-niger, subtilius aureo-pubescens, fronte margine antico vix elevato,
thorace antrorsum angustato, lateribus ante basin obtuse subangulatis, minus dense punctato, canali-
culato, elytris striis obsolete punctatis, interstitiis antennisque basi plus minusve testaceis. Long.
*21—-27.

Germ. Zeitschr. 5, 139.

Common in the northern part of the United States. The golden hair is-more dense each
side at the apex of the elytra so as to show, in particular lights, the appearance of a faint
spot. ‘The clytra are sometimes dark testaceous: the punctures of the striz are by no
means obvious.

2. C. lacustris, subxneo-niger, nitidus, griseo-pubescens, fronte margine antico vix elevato,
thorace antrorsum angustato, lateribus sat late rotundatis, parcius punctato, canaliculato, elytris striis
impunctatis, interstitiis subconvexis, basi et apice indeterminate rufo-piceis, antennis basi pedibusque
testaceis. Long. 19.

One specimen, Point Kewenaw, Lake Superior. ‘The’ posterior angles of the thorax
and the inflexed portion are dark testaceous. This species resembles the last, but is
smaller, and the sides of the thorax are regularly rounded. From the next species it is
distinguished by the thorax being distinctly narrowed in front.

3. C. picescens, piceo-testaceus, supra nigricans, griseo-pubescens, fronte margine antico vix
elevato, thorace oblongo, antrorsum vix angustato, lateribus fere parallelis vix late rotundatis, parcius
punctato, canaliculato, angulis posticis testaceis, elytris piceis margine dilutiore, striis impunctatis,
interstitiis subconvexis, antennarum basi pedibusque testaceis. Long. °20.

Three specimens from the north side of Lake Superior. ‘This species is sufficiently
distinct by the form of the thorax to be recognised without difficulty: as in the preceding
species the fourth joint of the antennze is a little narrower than the following.

4. C. tumescens, obesus, virescenti-ater, cinereo-pubescens, thorace convexo, antrorsum valde
angustato, lateribus rotundatis, dense subtilius punctato, elytris striis vix obsolete punctatis, intersti-

OF THE UNITED STATES. 487

tiis paulo convexis, pedibus flavo-testaceis, antennis piceis, articulis 2 et 3 eequalibus flavis, 4° se-
quenti quali. Long. -15.

One specimen, north shore of Lake Superior. The front is flat, with the anterior mar-
gin distinct: it is as finely punctured as the thorax. This species has very much the ap-
pearance of Cardiophorus, but the prosternal spine is long.

5. C. squalidus, depressus, fuscus, pube grisea subsquamosa minus dense vestitus, thorace dense

grossius punctato, subaciculato, antrorsum subangustato, lateribus late rotundatis, elytris striis subti-
libus, distinetis, punctatis, interstitiis planis confertim punctatis, antennis pedibusque flavis. Long. -33.

One specimen, San Jose, California. The lobe of the prosternum is longer than in the
preceding species and more rounded: the general appearance is that of Adelocera. The
anterior margin of the front is slightly elevated: the fourth joint of the antennz is equal
to the fifth.

B. Prosterno lobo subtruncato ; palpi articulo ultimo obovali. Sp. 6—12.

6. C. ornatus, niger, parce griseo-pubescens, thorace latitudine longiore, antice valde angustato,
ad basin paulo angustato, grossius dense aciculato-scabro, carinato, elytris striis exaratis, interstitiis
conyexis, fascia utrinque pone basin, maculaque transversa pone medium margine non attingentibus
lete flavis, tibiis tarsisque testaceis. Long. -11—-16.

San Diego, California. June, abundant in wet sand. This species resembles the next,
but the thorax is less elongate, and more suddenly narrowed in front: the scabrous punc-
tuation is very much coarser: the anterior fascia of the elytra, although dilated externally,
is never prolonged to the humerus: the femora appear to be always fuscous.

7. C. pulchellus, niger, opacus parcius pubescens, thorace latitudine sesqui longiore, antror-
sum angustato, ad basin leviter angustato, lateribus latius rotundatis, subtilius confertissime aciculato,
elytris striis exaratis, interstitiis convexis, fascia utrinque pone basin, extus ad humerum producta,
maculaque transversa pone medium flavis, antennis basi femoribusque testaceis, tibiis tarsisque palli-
dioribus. Long. :11—-17.

Dej. Cat.; Germ. Zeitschr. 5, 142.

Elater pulchellus Linneus, Faun. Suec. 745, et auctorum omnium cautorum.

Elater exiguus Randall, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 2, 35.

Cryptohypnus guttatulus Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 2, 214.

Massachusetts and New York. It is quite possible that this species has been intro-
duced from Europe: it does not seem to occur far in the interior of the country. The
fascia of the elytra is composed of a small internal, and an elongate external spot, reach-
ing from the humerus nearly to the middle. Sometimes the elytra are testaceous, with a
faint cloudiness behind the middle. In this and the preceding species, the lobe of the pros-
ternum is large, and separated from the sternum by a strong transverse carina.

8. C. guttatulus, ater, nitidus pubescens, thorace antrorsum valde angustato, punctulato, ely-
tris distincte striatis, interstitiis subconvexis, impunctatis, macula humerali, alteraque utrinque ante
apicem antennis pedibusque testaceis. Long. °12.

Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 214.

I have seen only a badly preserved Pennsylvanian specimen, in Dr. Melsheimer’s collec-

VOL. X.—79

488 REVISION OF THE ELATERIDA

tion. The lobe of the prosternum is short, and hardly deflexed, and not well defined from

the rest of the sternum. ‘This species seems to have been confounded by Dr. Melsheimer

with the preceding: in fact his description agrees entirely with the preceding, except in

the description of the spots of the elytra. I have, however, retained Dr. Melsheimer’s

name, as this specimen was placed as the type in his collection. It is quite possibly
‘

identical with C. 4-pustulatus, a European species, and may have become erro-
neously labelled as American. ‘The state of the specimen, however, is very unsatisfactory.

9. OC. striatulus, ater, minus convexus opacus, tenuiter cinereo-pubescens, thorace latitudine
non longiore, antrorsum angustato, lateribus regulariter sat rotundatis, confertissime punctulato, linea
dorsali levi, elytris distincte striatis, interstitiis planiusculis dense rugose punctulatis, antennis pedi-
busque piceis, tibiis tarsisque subtestaceis. Long. -14.

Two specimens, Lake Superior. The lobe of the prosternum is short, broad, and well
defined by a deep transverse impression: the last joint of the palpi is rounded at the ex-
tremity asin C. pulchellus.

10. C. pectoralis, piceus flavo-pubescens, thorace rufescente minus convexo, antice posticeque
angustato, lateribus rotundato, punctulato, linea dorsali lxevi, elytris vix obsoletissime striatis, confer-
tim punctulatis, plaga utrinque a medio fere ad basin extensa, alteraque apicali flavo-testaceis, an-
tennis pedibusque flavis. Long. :12.

Elater pectoralis Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 173.

Middle States and Lake Superior, not rare. The lobe of the sternum is short, broad,
and tolerably deflexed: the posterior angles of the thorax as in the following species are
small, but the carina is distinct. Independently of colour, this species differs from the fol-
lowing by the thorax being much less convex, and by the traces of strix visible on the
elytra. When the spots of the elytra are large, the latter appear yellow, with the margin,
suture and posterior fascia, blackish, Specimens occur in which the thorax is black, and
the spots of the elytra obsolete.

11. C. obliquatulus, nigro-piceus, punctulatis, cinereo-pubescens, thorace convexo, antice pos-
ticeque angustato, lateribus magis rotundatis, elytris versus apicem testaceis, macula utrinque obliqua
ad medium alba signatis, antennis pedibusque flavis. Long. -10—-11.

Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 214.

Pennsylvania. Messrs. Melsheimer and Zeigler.

12. C. futilis, longiusculus pallide flavo-testaceus, albo-pubescens, capite piceo, thorace quad-
rato, antice posticeque vix angustato, lateribus late rotundatis, confertim rugose punctulato, linea dor-
sali levi, elytris punctulatis, macula subscutellari, fasciaque pone medium infuseatis. Long. -08.

San Diego, California, in wet sand. This is the smallest species I have seen. The
thorax is broadly rounded on the sides, and not very convex: the posterior angles are
very minute, but the carina is distinct: the lobe of the prosternum is short, and defined
by a transverse impression.

13. C. inops, piceus, cinereo-pubescens, thorace latitudine paulo breviore, convexo, antice postice-
que subangustato, lateribus rotundatis, rugose punctulato, linea tenui dorsali levi, macula magna dor-

sali testacea, elytris punctulatis, testaceis macula magna communi scutellari, fascia pone medium,
suturaque late nigro-piceis, antennis pedibusque flavis. Long. ‘(08—-09.

’

OF THE UNITED STATES. 489

San Diego, California. This species in characters closely resembles C. futilis: besides
the differences in colour, it is a little more robust; the carina of the posterior angles of the
thorax is much more distinct, being one-third the length of the thorax, and is almost pa-
rallel with the margin.

To this genus belongs Elater choris Say, (Trans, Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 172:) it is appa-
rently allied to C. pulchellus, but is larger, has the thorax covered with golden hair, and
the elytra yellow with black bands.

E. nocturnus Esch. Thon. Arch. 2,33: Mann. Bull. Mosc. 1843, 239; C. musculus
Esch. ib.: Mann. ib.; and C. littoralis Esch. ib.: Mann. Bull. Mosc. 1846; all from North-
Western America, are unknown to me.

C. cinereipennis Esch. and C. puberulus Mann. |. c. 240, do not belong to this
genus, the tarsi being furnished with a lobe beneath.

Elater dorsalis Say,and E.circumscriptus Germ., referred by Germar (Zeitschr.
5, 146) to his second division of this genus, differ by their narrower prosternum, subacu-
minate mesosternum, and tarsi destitute of elongate sete: the more convex and deflexed
head gives them more resemblance to Elater, in general appearance, but from the elongate
basal joint of the antenne and other characters, I have placed them in Monocrepidius.

Orposteruus Lec.

Frons plana semicircularis, marginata, tenuiter canaliculata: labrum antice rotundatum: mandibule
prominulz parve obtuse; antenn longiuscul®, vix serrate, articulo 1° obconico mediocri, 3'° sequenti
non breviore 2°*° sesqui longiore; 11™° acuto, non constricto: prosternum antice brevissime lobatum,
mucrone postico non inflexo, medio latius, sutura inde convexa, antice paulo exarata; mesosternum
non protuberans: cox postice laminis subsubito parum dilatatis, vix dentatis: tarsi elongati, pubes-
centes, tenuissimi, articulis 1-4 sensim breyioribus, 5'° 1”° longicre, unguiculis medio dente forti ar-
matis.

A curious little subcylindrical elongated insect, having somewhat the appearance of a
slender Cardiophorus, or some of the last described species of Cryptohypnus, with the
thorax distinctly margined, and as much narrowed in front of the spines as at the apex;
the sides are considerably rounded, and the disc convex; the posterior angles are small,
acute, diverging and carinated; there are no basal fissures: the mandibles are more pro-
minent than usual, but are not long and slender as in the Cebrionides.

1. O. femoralis, nigro-piceus, tenuiter cinereo-pubescens, thorace convexo, rotundato, latitu-
dine longiore, subtiliter punctulato, angulis posticis parvis divergentibus, elytris confertim punctula-

tis, striis obsoletis, basi et versus suturam parum distinctis, antennarum articulis duobus, pedibusque
flavis, his femoribus infuscatis. Long. °18.

One specimen found in Missouri Territory, another from New Jersey, given me by Mr.
Guex. The strie of the elytra are very fine and impunctured; except at the base, and
towards the suture, they can scarcely be seen. The head is punctulate like the thorax;
the margin is very slightly reflexed, and the impressed frontal line is not abbreviated, al-
though not deep.

490 REVISION OF THE ELATERID-E

Apevocera Latr.

1. Antenne articulo 3” secundo longiore.
a. Sulci antennarum integri. i

1. A.impressicollis, fusco-brunnea, opaca, pilis depressis luteis minus dense vestita, thorace
oblongo, obsolete canaliculato, disco postice utrinque subfoveato, sat dense punctato, angulis posticis
planis subdivergentibus, elytris dense subseriatim punctatis, sulcis tarsalibus obsoletis. Long. -386—47.

Elater impressicollis Say, Ann. Lye. 1, 260; Tr. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 182.

Elater lepturus\|\Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 182 (var. obscurior.)

Adelocera senilis Germ. Zeitschrift fiir Entom. 2, 259.

Middle, Western, and Southern States. Between the descriptions given by Say, I can
find no characters for considering his //. depturus as distinct: the name itself was preoc-
cupied by Herbst. The antennz of this species are longer than in the next, and the
joints are hardly transverse.

2. A. pennata, nigra, opaca, thorace oblongo, canaliculato, postice utrinque foveato, punctato,

lateribus late, capiteque fulvo-squamosis, squamis angustis, elytris confertim punctatis, sulcis tarsorum
plus minusve distinetis. Long. *33—-43.

Germar, Zeitschr. 2, 258.

Elater pennatus Fabr. Syst. El. 2, 239; Herbst, Kifer, 10, 52, tab. 162, fig. 9.

Elater discoideus Weber, Obs. Ent. 77; Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 181,

Elater cruentus Oliv. Ent. 31, tab. 4, fig. 42.

Middle and Southern States, not rare. The date of Weber’s name is equal to that of
Fabricius’, but the latter is generally adopted.

3. A. aurorata, nigra, opaca, squamis subaureis conspersa, thorace oblongo, confertim punctato,
profunde canaliculato, angulis posticis planis divergentibus, elytris confertim punctatis, parcius squa-
mosis, subtus cinereo-pubescens, tarsis rufis, sulcis tarsorum modice profundis. Long. -54.

Elater auroratus Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 181.

The typical specimen from New Hampshire was kindly loaned me by Dr. Harris. This
species resembles, in form and general characters, the next, but is abundantly distinct.

4. A.marmorata, nigra, subopaca, squamis luteis angustis irregulariter maculata, thorace ob-
longo, profunde canaliculato, confertim punctato, angulis posticis planis subdivergentibus, elytris
dense subseriatim punctatis, sulcis tarsorum anticorum profundis. Long. *6—-7.

Germ. Zeitschr. 2, 258.

later marmoratus Fabr. Syst. El. 2, 227; Herbst, Kifer, 10, 124; Say, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 180.

Southern States, not rare.

b. Sulet antennarum postice abbreviati.
). A. obtecta, nigr 1 llidis ellipticis irregulariter vestita, thor bl
o. A. obtecta, nigra, squamis pallidis ellipticis irregulariter vestita, thorace oblongo, punctato,
fortiter canaliculato, versus latera depresso, angulis posticis valde divergentibus, elytris disperse punc-

tatis, vix obsoletissime striatis, costa utrinque obsoleta usque ad medium extensa: sulcis tarsorum
nullis. Long. °6.

Elater obtectus Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soe. 6, 181.

Maine and Vermont. The antenne are moderately long, the second joint is much
smaller than the third, and the following are transverse, as is usual in this genus. The
pectoral grooves end suddenly near the anterior coxie.

Be

OF THE UNITED STATES. 491

_7 6. A. brevicornis, nigra, opaca, squamis fulvis vel pallidis et nigris ellipticis irregulariter va-

riegata, dense punctata, thorace breviusculo, inzequali, postice angustiore, late profunde canaliculato,
antice valde bifoveato, angulis posticis compressis, elevatis, apice inflexis, elytris fascia postice obli-
qua interrupta densius squamosa; antennis thorace triplo brevioribus. Long. °55—-70.

Lake Superior. ‘This species seems to be very similar to A. conspersa Germ., but
the posterior angles of the thorax are not carinated, though compressed and elevated by
the excavation of the basal part of the thorax each side. The antennze are remarkably
short, the joints are strongly transverse, and the second joint, though narrower, is not
shorter than the others.

2. Antenne articulo 3'° secundo xquali.

_- 7. A. mucorea, nigra, dense sordide pubescens, fusco-variegata, thorace subcanaliculato sat

dense punctato, antrorsum angustato, basi truncato, angulis posticis divergentibus, elytris striis pune-
tatis vix impressis, interstitiis subtilius confluenter punctatis, antennis rufo-piceis. Long. °55.

One specimen, Georgia. Similar in form to the following species, but very different in
characters.

8. A. curtus, nigro-picea, parce subtiliter squamosa, thorace cribratim punctato antrorsum an-
gustato, lateribus rotundatis antice crenatis, angulis posticis rectis, elytris punctis transversis seriatim
positis, interstitiis striis non latioribus, parce obsolete punctulatis, antennis pedibusque rufo-testaceis.
Long. 43,

Georgia. This species is Agrypnus curtus of Dejean’s catalogue, and resembles very
closely the next, but is distinguished by the greater size of the punctures which compose
the strie of the elytra: the body is very coarsely punctured beneath, and, as in the next
species, is thinly clothed with depressed small scale-like yellow hairs.

9, A.rectangularis, picea, parce subtiliter luteo-squamosa, thorace cribratim punctato, an-
trorsum angustato, lateribus rotundatis, antice crenatis, angulis posticis rectis, elytris punctato-stri-
atis, interstitiis striis latioribus, parce obsolete punctulatis, antennis pedibusque testaceis. Long.
*33—'58.

later rectangularis Say, Ann. Lye. 1, 263; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 182.

Missouri Territory, abundant. The pectoral grooves for the anterior tarsi are almost
obsolete: in the preceding they are more distinct, while in A. mucorea, they are altogether
wanting: the elytra of the female are slightly dilated behind the base, and are more ob-
tusely rounded towards the tip than in the male.

To this genus, and to the first division, probably belongs the Elater operculatus men-
tioned by Say, as described in the Annals of the Lyceum: but as he has evidently mis-
quoted himself, and no description bearing that name is found in his writings, it must
be considered as unpublished: Elater avitus Say (Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 182) seems
allied to A. impressicollis. .

Boe a btere

Acrypnus Esch.

1. A. Sallei, piceo-niger, subtiliter brunneo-pubescens, thorace latitudine longiore, antrorsum
paulo angustato parum convexo, confertim punctato, lateribus antice paulo rotundatis, postice extror-
sum curvatis, angulis posticis inde divaricatis, carina angulari subtili elongata margini parallela, linea

492 RBVISION OF THE ELATERIDE

dorsali obsoleta leevi, basi ad medium acute tuberculata, elytris postice acutis, dense punctulatis, striis
tenuibus punctulatis. Long. -85—1-10.

This species was discovered by Mr. A. Sallé near New Orleans, and kindly given me
by Mr. Guex. It agrees so closely with the descriptions and figures of A. fuscipes Fabr.,
that I supposed it to be that species, imported accidentally from the East Indies. Re-
cently, however, Mr. Schott, of the Mexican Boundary Commission, has found it in abun-
dance on the lower Rio Grande, at Eagle Pass. Between the punctures of the elytra may
be perceived small transverse rugosities: the smooth dorsal line of the thorax is very in-
distinct, and is visible only near the base; the basal tubercle is large and almost reclivate.

2. A. Schottii, piceo-niger, subtiliter brunneo-pubescens, thorace latitudine vix breviore antror-

sum angustato, convexo, lateribus rotundatis, angulis posticis subdivergentibus, carina elongata sub-
tili margini parallela, confertim punctato, linea dorsali indistincta levi, basi ad medium tuberculata,
elytris postice acutis, dense punctulatis, striis subtiliter punctatis. Long. 1:07.

I have named this fine species after Mr. Schott, as a slight tribute to the scientific zeal
displayed while attached to the Boundary Commission under Majors Graham and Emory ;
a single specimen was procured on the lower Rio Grande. The sculpture is as in the
preceding, from which this species differs in the form of the thorax. It exactly resembles
in appearance the Egyptian A. notodonta Lair.

Pyropnorus I/liger.

1. P. physoderus, piceo-fuscus, pubescens, thorace latitudine longiore antrorsum modice an-
gustato, lateribus late rotundatis, confertim punctato, antice convexo, vesiculis mox ante angulis pos-
ticis positis, elytris dense punctulatis, striis punctatis, apice non mucronata, antennis thorace vix lon-
gioribus articulo 3'° secundo sesqui maiore. Long. ‘75.

Germ. Zeitschr. 3, 36.

For a specimen found in Louisiana, I am indebted to Mr. Guex. The little tubercle of
the middle of the base of the thorax is quite prominent.

Apuanosius Esch. (emend.)

This genus should be restricted to those species having the last joint of the antennze
deeply constricted, the front slightly concave and not margined in front; the mesosternum
prominent; the plates of the posterior cox somewhat suddenly slightly dilated, and emar-
ginate posteriorly, and the internal tooth sharp, and moderately large: the tarsi are some-
what inflated beneath, and very densely pubescent, (being in this respect precisely as in
Agrypnus fuscipes.) ‘The first joint of the antennx is moderately elongated, the second
and third small, the fourth and following strongly triangular, and equal: the suture of the
prosternum is bent outwards posteriorly, and is very deeply marked: the first joint of the
tarsi is hardly as long as the second and third united: the base of the thorax has a slight
elevation in front of the scutellum, but it is by no means obvious: the posterior angles
have a short carina: there are no apparent basal fissures.

1. A. infuscatus, niger, dense breviter fusco-pubescens, thorace convexo latitudine longiore,

OF THE UNITED STATES. 493

lateribus parallelis apice rotundatis, sat dense punctate, elytris a basi angustatis, apice mucronatis, sat
dense punctatis, vix obsoletissime striatis. Long. 1:10.

Germ. Zeitschr. 5, 185.

Pristilophus? sordidus Mels. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 216.

Southern States, not common. It is strange that Germar should not have recognised
the relation with certain species placed by him in Pristilophus. The resemblance in the
form of the thorax gives the insect somewhat the appearance of a gigantic Dolopius.

Meranactes Lec.

Frons depressa, antice rotundata, vix marginata; antenne serrate, articulo 2™° parvo, 3'° sequente
paulo longiore non dilatato, 11™° non maiore apice constricto: labrum antice rotundatum: mandibule
breves, apice acute, pone apicem unidentatz ; palpi articulo ultimo non longiore triangulari: proster-
num elongatum, antice longius lobatum, postice fortius mucronatum, mucrone compresso non inflexo,
lateribus rectis, sutura antice paulo excavata: mesosternum utrinque prominulum: coxz postice la-
minis angustis intus sensim paulo dilatatis: tarsi mediocres, tenues, compressi, pubescentes, subtus
densissime breviter spongioso-pubescentes; articulis 1—4 sensim brevioribus, 5'° longiore unguiculis
simplicibus.

These are large, shining, black insects, forming the first division of the genus Pristilo-
phus, as defined by Germar, (Zeitschr. 4, 82.) Notwithstanding the care taken by the
author, the description of the genus fails entirely when applied to the species here alluded
to, since they belong to a totally different group of Elaters, from that in which Pristilophus
was placed: the tarsi, indeed, so far from being uniformly pubescent above and below, as
in Corymbites, are thinly pubescent above, and furnished with a very dense brush beneath,
as in Alaus: the peculiarity in the form of the mesosternum was pointed out by Germar,
and was, in fact, the character upon which he arranged his species in two divisions.
The thorax in all the species is strongly margined: the base is without any fissure and
is bidentate in the middle: the- posterior angles are carinated.

As the characters of this genus are completely at variance with those laid down for
Pristilophus both by Latreille and Germar, it would obviously be absurd to retain the
name for the species here included, even if, after examination, we have found it necessary
to place the remainder of Germar’s Pristilophus in Corymbites. ;

1. M. procerus, niger nitidus, thorace subtransverso, ad medium latiore, lateribus valde rotun-
datis, angulis posticis divergentibus, subtilius punctato, densius ad latera, elytris subtiliter seriatim
punctatis, interstitiis subtilissime parce punctulatis. Long. 1:3.

One specimen, from Mr. Hentz’ collection; Prof. Ifaldeman. This species resembles in
characters M. piccus, but the difference in the form of the thorax is very great. ‘The tho-
rax is a little wider than long, very slightly convex, considerably rounded on the sides, so
as to be wider at the middle than immediately at the base of the spines, which thus appear
to diverge more strongly than in the other species: the punctures are, as in M. piceus,
small, and more dense on the sides than on the middle of the disc: there is an impressed
dorsal line behind the middle. The elytra are slightly compressed on the sides behind the
base: they are punctured as in M. piceus, and as in that species, the outer strize of punc-
tures are more distinct. Beneath, the prosternum and inflexed part of the prothorax are
coarsely punctured: the metasternum is nearly smooth in the middle, sparsely and finely

494 REVISION OF THE ELATERIDA

punctured at the sides: the abdomen is densely and finely punctured, the last joint has
a few larger setigerous punctures each side near the tip.

. M. piceus, niger nitidissimus, thorace a basi antrorsum subangustato, latitudine longiore, la-
teribus antice rotundatis, subtilius punctato, densius ad latera, elytris subtiliter seriatim punctatis, in-
terstitiis subtilissime parce punctulatis. Long. -9—1-2.

Elater piceus De Geer, Ins. 4, 162, tab. 18, fig. 3, (1775.)

Elater re oe Fabr. Ent. Syst. Satine Bea 138, (1798:) Syst. Hl. 2, 225: Herbst, Ki-

fer, 10,

later morto on Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 165.

Pristilophus levigatus Germ. Zeitschr. 4, 84.

Pristilophus femoralis Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 2, 216.

Middle, Southern and Western States, abundant. The antenne and feet are described
as fuscous by all the authors: the latter appear to me to be black, with the tarsi brownish
piceous: the antenne are dull black, becoming brownish towards the tip. ‘These are,
however, characters of no importance, as they are the same in all the species.

A specimen from Missouri Territory, has the punctures of the thorax and of the elytral
series much larger, but otherwise presents no difference.

One specimen from York Co., Pennsylvania, given me by the Rev. D. Ziegler, in form
and sculpture agrees exactly with the others, exccpt that the thorax, instead of being
sparsely, is quite densely punctured: the punctures at the sides are so close as to become
confluent; towards the middle of the base they are finer and more distant: the dorsal Jine
is more deeply impressed than usual, From the next species, this variety is distinguished
by the sides of the thorax converging from the base, and by the posterior angles being
subacute, as in the preceding species, the lateral margin being slightly dilated, so as to
compress the elevated ridge.

3. M. densus, ater, nitidus, thorace latitudine non longiore, lateribus parallelis antice rotunda-
tis, confertim, lateribus confluenter punctatis, elytris seriatim punctatis, interstitiis punctulatis et ru-
gosis. Long. *85—-95.

Specimens collected in California by Mr. Pease and Mr, Child. Brownish black,
shining: head densely punctured; antenna with the last joint more obtuse than in the
other species: palpi black: thorax not longer than wide; sides margined as usual, parallel,
rounded from the anterior third to the tip: posterior angles not divergent, with the ele-
vated ridge broader and more obtuse than in M. piceus; disc densely moderately finely
punctured; punctures confluent at the sides, less dense but not finer towards the middle of
the base; dorsal line very short, almost obsolete: elytra, with series of punctures, as in
M. piceus, the outer series being more distinct; interstices tolerably densely punctate,
and more densely finely rugous than in the preceding species. Beneath, as in M. piceus.

4. M. morio, niger, nitidus, thorace latitudine longiore, a basi subangustato, lateribus antice
rotundatis, lateribus confertim medio minus dense punctato, elytris striis profundis crenatis, interstitiis
convexis parce punctulatis, subrugosis. Long. -90—1-06.

Elater morio Fabr. Ent. Syst. emend. Suppl. 138: Syst. El. 2, 225: Herbst, Kifer, 19, 28; tab.
160, fig. 7: Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 165.

Elater lacunosus Fabr. Syst. El. 2, 224.

Pristilophus morio Germ. Zeitschr. 4, 85.

OF THE UNITED STATES. 495

Middle and Southern States, rare. E. lacunosus, as observed by Germar is undoubtedly
a variety, having abnormal impressions on the thorax.

5. M. puncticollis, niger, nitidus, thorace latitudine longiore, a basi antrorsum subangustato,
lateribus antice rotundatis, confertim, disco minus dense punctato, elytris striis fortius punctatis, in-
terstitiis leviter convexis, distinctius punctulatis. Long. -75—-9.

Pristilophus puncticollis Lec. Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 6, 68.

Missouri Territory, abundant. ‘This species agrees in characters with the preceding,
but is usually smaller, with less deep elytral striz, and less convex interstices.

6. M. consors, latiusculus, niger, thorace latitudine non longiore, lateribus rotundatis, ad me-
dium sublatiore, confertim punctato, paulo remotius in disco, elytris striis punctatis, interstitiis leviter
convexis, punctulatis et rugosis. Long. *88.

One specimen, Nebraska. Differs from the preceding by its less shining colour, broader
form, and more densely punctured thorax. Body black, not very shining; head densely
punctured; antennz reaching a little beyond the middle of the thorax; thorax not longer
than wide, at the middle as wide as at the posterior angles, which from the slight nar-
rowing of the base appear divergent; sides broadly rounded, strongly margined: disc
densely punctured, punctures a little more distant at the middle, dorsal line not distinct,
somewhat smooth. Elytra scarcely perceptibly narrower than the thorax, more obtusely
rounded posteriorly than in the two preceding species; striz well defined, strongly punc-
tured; interstices slightly convex, finely punctulate and rugous.

7. M. Reichei, niger nitidus, pube brevissima grisea depressa vix conspicua vestitus, thorace
latitudine longiore, medio vix latiore, lateribus rotundatis, confertim, lateribus confluenter subtilius
punctato, postice canaliculato, elytriis striis fortius punctatis, interstitiis parum conyvexis, rugosis.
Long. °90.

Pristilophus Reichei Germ. Zeitschr. 4, 85.

One specimen, Georgia. Easily distinguished by the fine short gray hairs which pro-
ceed from the punctures: the thorax is more convex than in any of the other species.
Germar describes the interstices of the elytra as flat, but in my specimen they are slightly
convex, as in the two preceding species.

. Cuaccotepipius Esch.

1. C. viridipilis, elongatus, niger, pilis minutis squamiformibus olivaceis dense tectus, thorace
elongato, subtilissime punctulato, angulis posticis vix divergentibus, scutello obovato, antice obtuso,
elytris striis profundis punctatis, interstitiis parce punctulatis, antennarum articulo 3'° parvo, apice
acuto. Long. -90.

Elater viridipilis Say, Ann. Lyc. 1, 257; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 166.

Middle and Southern States, rare. ‘The antenne of the male are pectinate, those of
the female are strongly serrate. This species must resemble very closely the Brazilian
C. prasinus Erichson (Germ. Zeitschr. 3, 85;) but that species is described as having the
thorax finely, tolerably densely punctured, and the scutellum bicuspid anteriorly. Should
they prove identical, Say’s name has priority.

VOU. x—G0
e

—— lr

496 REVISION OF THE ELATERIDZ

Axaus Esch.

. A. oculatus, niger, nitidus, pilis albidis irregulariter maculatus, thorace convexiusculo, disco
ning macula magna elliptica nigro-sericea albo-marginata ornato. Long. 1-25—1-7.

Eschscholtz, Thon Ent. Archiv., 1829; Germ. Zeitschr. 2, 275.

mee oculatus Linné, Mus. Ubr. 81; ee Nat. 2, 651: Fabr. Ent. Syst. 210; Ent. Syst. emend.

2, 217; Syst. Hl. 2, 222: Oliv. 31, 11; tab. 3, fig. 84: Herbst, Kifer, 9, 327; tab. 157, fig. 7:
Beauv. 213; tab. 9, fig. 4.

Common through the Atlantic portions of the United States, extending into Mexico.
A variety brought from Texas, by Lieut. Haldeman, has the sides of the thorax entirely
covered with the white scales, which usually form only small spots: the eye-like spots are
nearly round, and the white scales upon the elytra are more abundant. The thorax of

the females is more decidedly narrowed in front, and more convex than that of the males.

2. A. myops, niger, nitidus, pilis cinereis irregulariter conspersus, thorace minus convexo, an-
tice sublatiore, disco utrinque macula angusta elliptica nigro-sericea, cinereo-marginata ornato.
Long: -95—1°8.

Hschscholtz, Thon Ent. Archiv. 1829; Germ. Zeitschr. 2, 275.

Elater myops Fabr. Syst. El. 2, 222.

Hlater luscust Oliv. 31, 12; tab. 6, fig. 64: Herbst, Kifer, 9, 329; tab. 157, fig. 8: Beauv. 213;

tab. 9, fig. 5

Middle States, rare; Southern States, abundant: found also in Oregon by Capt. Wilkes’
Exploring Expedition. The confusion in the name of the species seems to have been in-
troduced by Olivier applying to it a name given by Fabricius to a distinct species, not
known in modern collections: the immaculate body, free from cinereous pubescence, and
the absence of any margin to the eye-like spots of the thorax, will fully distinguish E.
luscus, whenever it is found. Fabricius, with a carelessness which is but too frequent in
his writings, then quotes Olivier’s figure as belonging to his E. luscus, while on the pre-
ceding page he has already described the insect figured by Olivier, under the name of E.
myops, and which is that by which the species is generally known. Beauvois and Herbst
merely copy Olivier’s error, considering it as sufficiently endorsed by Fabricius.

De Geer (Mem. 4, 159, tab. 17, fig. 28) describes a species under an uncouth Gallic
name, which it is not necessary to repeat, and cites E. oculatus Linn. as a synonym: his
figure, however, appears to represent the species now under consideration.

As there is no evidence that Elater luscus Fudr. is found within the limits of the United
States, it is not safe to include it in our fauna.

CarpiopHorus fsch.

The truncate spine of the prosternum, fitting like a wedge into the prominent and
deeply cleft mesosternum, will distinguish this group, which contains only one genus: the
front is subangulated and margined, moderately convex, slightly impressed: the lamine of
the posterior coxee are suddenly dilated internally. The tarsi are not lobed in any spe-
cies known to me, found in the United States.

OF THE UNITED STATES. 497

A. Tarsi et ungues simplices. Sp. 1—11.

1. C.erythropus, elongatus, fusco-niger, cinereo-pubescens, thorace sequaliter fusco-cinereo pu-
_- bescente, latitudine longiore, convexo, antrorsum angustato, postice breviter canaliculato, lateribus late
rotundatis subtilissime punctulato, elytris striis subtilibus, fortius punctatis, interstitiis paulo convexis,
pedibus antennarumque basi rufis. Long. -387—-4.

Variat, antennis totis rufis.

Erichson, Germ. Zeitschr. 2, 298.

C. amictus Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 2, 158.

? Hlater convexus Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 169.

Middle and Southern States, not common. Distinguished from the next by the pubes-
cence of the thorax being equal over its whole surface, and by the more distinct fine punc-
tures with which it is covered; the posterior angles are more divergent in some speci-
mens than in others. ‘The elytra, as in the next, are somewhat pointed behind, with the
interstices almost imperceptibly punctured. In the females the thorax is more parallel on
the sides, and more suddenly rounded anteriorly.

2. C. saturninus, elongatus fusco-niger, cinereo-pubescens, thorace antice distinctius postice
tenuissime cinereo-pubescente, antrorsum angustato, latitudine fere longiore lateribus rotundatis, con-
fertissime subtilissime alutaceo-punctulato, postice breviter canaliculato, elytris striis subtilibus fortius
punctatis, interstitiis paulo convexis, antennarum basi pedibusque rufis. Long. -35.

One specimen, South Carolina, Mr. Zimmerman. Except the differences above pointed
out, this species has all the characters of the preceding. The punctures of the thorax are
so fine and close, that the lustre is dull and bluish on that portion of the body.

3. ©. cardisce, niger, subopacus, tenuiter pallide pubescens, thorace latitudine fere longiore,
tumido, antrorsum angustato, lateribus rotundatis postice inflexis, confertim punctulato, striis basali-
bus elongatis, exaratis, elytris ochreo bi- vel quadri-maculatis, postice acutis, striis profundis punctatis,
interstitiis convexis dense punctulatis. Long. -28.

Elater cardisce Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 169; Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. 3, 169.

Middle States, on the sea shore. ‘The anterior spots of the elytra are about the middle,
the posterior about one-fourth from the apex; the latter form an angulated fascia. Some-.
times the anterior spots are wanting, and sometimes the posterior: varieties probably oc-
cur with immaculate elytra.

- 4. C. Dejeanii, plumbeo-niger, dense cinereo-fusco-pubescens, thorace latitudine sublongiore

——~ convexo, dense punctulato, lateribus late rotundatis, elytris striis postice exaratis, interstitiis con-
vexis, dense punctulatis, postice acutis, maculis duabus obsolete testaceis, pedibus piceis, tibiis tarsis-
que testaceis. Long. -25. ;

C. converustHrichson: Germ. Zeitschr. 2, 289.

One specimen, Georgia. Erichson, probably misled by Dejean’s collection, has con-
founded this with Elater convexus Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 169: a very different
species which, by description. (having rufous antenn,) is nearly allied to C. erythro-
pus. This species differs-from the preceding by the thorax being longer, less rounded
on the sides, and more densely pubescent.

498 REVISION OF THE ELATERIDE

5. ©. tumidicollis, nigerrimus obesus, tenuissime cinereo-pubescens, thorace transyerso, tumido,
antrorsum angustato, lateribus valde rotundatis, angulis posticis non divergentibus, subtilissime punctu-
lato, obsolete canaliculato, elytris striis punctatis, postice non exaratis. Long. -20.

One specimen, collected in Oregon by Dr. J. K. Townsend, and given me by Mr, Wil-
cox. Resembles the next, but is a much thicker species, with a more tumid thorax. Co-
lour deep black, sprinkled with very fine whitish hairs: front very finely punctulate; mar-
gin slightly reflexed : thorax at its greatest breadth nearly one-half wider than long, strongly
narrowed in front, and very much rounded on the sides, gradually narrowed for the pos-
terior third, with the sides straight near the base: disc convex, very finely, almost imper-
ceptibly punctulate, obsoletely channelled : basal striz moderately short, deep: elytra about
twice as long as wide, not wider than the widest part of the thorax, oval, slightly pointed
behind: striz finely punctured, not deeper posteriorly: interstices flat, scarcely perceptibly
punctulate: feet black; claws diaphanous.

This species is perhaps related to C. latiuseulus Esch. (Thon Ent. Arch. 2, 34,)
but the pubescence of the thorax is not fuscous, nor are the knees ferruginous, as is re-
quired by the description of that species.

6. ©. convexulus, niger, nitidus, tenuiter cinereo-pubescens, thorace latitudme breviore, tu-
mido, antice valde angustato, postice parum angustato, lateribus rotundatis, angulis posticis non diver-

gentibus, subtilissime punctulato, elytris striis punctatis, interstitiis dense punctulatis, subconyvexis
6% et 8°° paulo elevatis, tibiis versus apicem, tarsisque rufescentibus. Long. °35.

Maine and Ohio, sent by Dr. Harris under the name adopted. Similar to the next spe-
cies, but larger and more robust, with a much shorter thorax. ‘The thorax is considerably
less narrowed at the base than at the apex: the dorsal channel is very faint and short: the
basal lines are short and well defined: the antenne are entirely black, and a little longer
than the head and thorax: the clypeus is more deeply concave than in C. gagates.

7. C. gagates, nigerrimus, tenuiter cinereo-pubescens, thorace latitudine sublongiore, tumido,
lateribus rotundatis, angulis posticis divergentibus, dense subtiliter punctulato, basi breviter canalicu-
lato, elytris striis punctatis, interstitiis paulo convexis, dense subtiliter punctulatis. Long. -24—-28.

Erich. Germ. Zeitschr. 2, 297.

Southern States, not rare. A specimen in Dr. Harris’ collection is named C. convexus
Say, but as the antenne are black, it can by no means be referred to that species.

8. O. tenebrosus, plumbeo-niger, nitidus longiusculus, fusco subtiliter pubescens, thorace lati-
tudine sublongiore, convexo, lateribus rotundatis, dense subtiliter punctulato, obsolete canaliculato,
angulis posticis subdivergentibus, elytris dense punctulatis, striis punctatis, interstitiis leviter convexis,
genubus femorumque basi rufo-piceis. Long. ‘28—-32.

San Francisco, California. Nearly of the same form as the preceding, but with a less
tumid thorax: the basal strie of the thorax are a little longer: the rufous colour of the
knees and trochanters is sometimes hardly perceptible.

9. C. obseurus, plumbeo-niger, opacus, dense fusco-pubescens, thorace latitudine non longiore,
lateribus valde rotundato, convexo, confertissime subtilius punctato, postice subcanaliculato, angulis
posticis divergentibus, elytris dorso subdepressis, striis punctatis, postice minus distinctis, interstitiis —
planis, dense punctulatis. Long. -25.

OO ————————— Ss

OF THE UNITED STATES. 499

San Diego, California. Resembles the next species, but the feet are entirely black, and
the thorax is Jess lustrous: the basal strie of the thorax are very short, and the base is
deeply and decidedly transversely impressed between them.

10. C. levicollis, plumbeo-niger, subnitidus, dense fusco-pubescens, thorace latitudine non bre-
viore, convexo, lateribus rotundatis, dense subtiliter punctulato, postice canaliculato, angulis posticis
divergentibus, elytris dorso subdepressis, striis punctatis, interstitiis punctulatis, vix convexis, pedibus
rufis, femoribus seepe nigricantibus. Long. -28.

? Er. Germ. Zeitschr. 2, 300.

One specimen from New York, in which the anterior thighs alone are darker: another
in the collection of Dr. Harris, having both thighs and tibize piceous. The palpi are black,
and the posterior channel of the thorax is deep: these cannot, however, be constant cha-
racters. ‘The basal striz of the thorax are short, as in the preceding species. From the
next species it differs by its less robust form, longer and less inflated thorax, and more
distinct basal strie. Erichson does not mention the slight flattening of the dise of the
elytra.

— 11. C. robustus, plumbeo-niger, vel wneo-niger, minus elongatus, densius cinereo-pubescens,
thorace latitudine breviore, convexo, subcanaliculato, lateribus rotundatis, dense subtiliter punctulato,
angulis posticis vix divergentibus, elytris dorso subdepressis, striis punctatis, interstitiis planis, dense
punctulatis, pedibus rufis, femoribus praecipue infuscatis. Long. +36.

Middle States. If it were not for the superior size, this might be considered as C. leevi-
collis, but the thorax is fully one-third wider than long, and more convex than in the pre-
ceding; the feet vary very much in colour; the antenne are always entirely black; the
palpi are sometimes black and sometimes brown. ‘The only difference between this and
the last is in size and form,and future researches may show that these variations are sex-
ual in their character.

B. Ungues ad medium unidentati: tarsi simplices. Sp. 12—15.

12. C. sufflatus, piceus, subtiliter griseo-pubescens, thorace latitudine sublongiore, antice pos-
ticeque angustato, lateribus rotundatis, valde convexo, subalutaceo, parce punctulato, elytris striis
distincte punctatis, interstitiis subplanis vix punctulatis, antennis palpis pedibusque flavis. Long.
*20—24,

Two specimens, San Diego, California. As in the other species of this division of the
genus, the posterior angles of the thorax are longer than in the species above described,
and project directly backwards: the basal strie are tolerably long, but faint: the dise of
the thorax is obsoletely channelled posteriorly: the elytra are more rounded at the hu-
merus than in the other species, and are not wider than the thorax.

13. C. inanus, piceus, subtiliter griseo-pubescens, thorace latitudine sublongiore, antice postice-
que angustato, lateribus rotundatis, valde convexo, subalutaceo, parce punctulato, elytris striis par-
cius punctatis, interstitiis planis, vix punctulatis, basi rufis, antennis piceis, pedibus flavis. Long. -15.

Two specimens, San Diego. Independently of size, distinguished by the piceous anten-
nx from the preceding, which it very much resembles in form: the striz of the elytra are
less impressed than in C, sufflatus: the thorax is rufo-piceous in one specimen.

i ee ae A elle

300 REVISION OF THE ELATERIDA

14. CO. transfugus, niger, subtiliter cinereo-pubescens, thorace latitudine sublongiore antice
angustato, postice subangustato, lateribus rotundatis, valde convexo, subalutaceo, parce punctulato,
basi biimpresso, elytris striis subprofundis subtilius punctatis, interstitiis subconvexis, piccis humeris
late testaceis, pedibus antennisque flavis, his extrorsum fuscescentibus. Long. “15.

Oae specimen, San Jose, California. This species is allied to the next, but the thorax
is much more rounded on the sides: the basal stria are reduced to extremely short fis-
sures, and the space around them is broadly and tolerably deeply foveate: the humeral
spot is oblong, and its posterior limit badly defined, appearing inclined to form an obso-
lete vitta, extending nearly to the tip of the elytra; the suture is darker than the rest of
the elytra.

15. C. curiatus, niger, nitidus, griseo-pubescens, thorace latitudine vix longiore, lateribus late
rotundatis, modice convexo, parce punctulato, elytris rufo-flavis, sutura, fascia lata ad medium, mar-
gineque pone medium nigris, striis profundis, subtilius punctatis, interstitiis convexis parce punctula-
tis, antennis palpis pedibusque flavis. Long. -18.

Elater curiatus Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 173.

Cardiophorus areolatus { Er. Germ. Zeitschr. 2, 320.

Middle and Southern States, sometimes quite abundant. The basal fissures are here
merely oblong puncturés, but there appear to be two on each side, placed very near to-
gether. Erichson seems to have placed great confidence in Dejean’s determination (vide
C. nigrofasciatus Dej. Cat. p. 104) in considering this species as Elater areolatus Say, to
which it has no resemblance.

Div.5. CEBRIONITES.

The genera here contained are considered by most systematic entomologists as consti-
tuting a peculiar family: and indeed on comparing any species of Cebrio with Elater, it is
difficult to come to any other conclusion. The number of genera composing the supposed.
family is very small, and they are, moreover, rare in collections, so that but little oppor-
tunity is afforded for studying the differences in structure. Having been so fortunate as
to discover in our country a species of the very interesting genus Plastocerus, recognised
as entering this family, and two other genera still more closely allied to Elater, I have
been convinced of the necessity either of restricting the family Cebrionide to the genus
Cebrio alone, (with my genus Scaptolenus, as probably a division of it,) distinguished by
the fifth ventral segment of the abdomen being truncate; or to place the family Cebrionidx
as now received by entomologists with the Elateridx, making of it a division equal in value
to the genuine Elaters, and distinguished by having the mandibles long, and prominent;
from the other great group containing the Eucnemids, and which appears to osculate with
the present division in Perothops, the genera here contained differ by the antennz being
widely separated as in Elater.

The characters then of the present division are as follows:

Caput porrectum, oculis liberis; mandibule elongate, porrecte, sepe tenues; labrum preecipue
connatum ; clypeus antice non dilatatus; antenne distantes, in fossulis vix distinctis inserte ; pro-
sternum non lobatum, sutura laterali precipue indistinctum, muecrone postico in aliis distincto, in alits

OF THE UNITED STATES. 501

valde inflexo, et inde indistincto; cox antice et intermedixe precipue maiuscule, postice laminis
intus sensim dilatatis; tarsi pubescentes, non lobati, unguiculis pimp cies abdomen articulo 5° in
aliis rotundato, in aliis truncato.

Our genera may be thus arranged:

A. Abdomen articulo 5" postice rotundato, sexto abscondito:
Antenne filiformes; frons margine porrecto - - . - Aphricus.
Antenne flabellate; frons non marginata:

Antennz 11-articulate - ote’ - - - - Plastocerus.
Antenne 12-articulate . - - - - - Euthysanius.
B. Abdomen articulo 5° truncato, 6° conspicuo: antennex subserratie:
Tarsi mediocres, tibiz antice apice paulo product - - - Cebrio.
Tarsi longissimi, tibiz anticz bidentate - - - - - Scaptolenus.

Apuricus Lec.

Frons concava, antice subrotundata prominula; labrum brevissimum, sub fronte absconditum: man-
dibulee elongate falcate tenues: palpi articulo ultimo vix dilatato: antennz yix serrate, articulis 2
et 3 coniunctis 4° aqualibus, (ultimo?); prosternum quadratum, lateribus rectis, antice truncatum,
non lobatum, at linea transversa impressum, postice subito inflexum (non mtcronatum?): coxz inter-
mediz parvee paulo distantes: postice valde oblique, laminis intus sensim paulo dilatatis: tarsi lon-
giusculi, pubescentes, setosi, articulis 1—4 subzequalibus, 5° duplo longiore unguiculis integris: tibiz
omnes tenues, calcaribus parvis: abdomen 5-articulatum.

A small insect having very much the appearance of a slender cylindrical Cardiophorus,
but by its long mandibles, and very short labrum, evidently belonging to the present group:
the head is exserted, and the eyes are moderately prominent: the thorax is as long as it
is wide, rounded on the sides, narrowed slightly towards the posterior angles, which are
diverging and slender; the lateral margin is not apparent; the scutellum is emarginate in
front, and acute behind; the elytra are scarcely wider than'the thorax, and nearly parallel
on the sides. The prosternum posteriorly is suddenly inflexed so much, that 1 am unable
to see if it is mucronate at tip; the mesosternum, however, is visible between the middle
cox, and appears concave in its deepest part; the middle coxee are smaller than in the
other genera of this group, and are visibly separated. The posterior coxe are also di-
vergent at their inner tip, as in the genuine Elateride; while in the following genera they
lie close together.

The name is derived from adpixos (a et pp) quasi mutus.

1. A. californicus, nigro-piceus, griseo-pubescens, capite scabro-punctato, thorace convexo,
quadrato, lateribus rotundato, subtiliter punctulato, angulis posticis valde divergentibus, elytris striis
punctatis, interstitiis punctulatis, 5'° pone medium leviter carinato, antennis pedibusque piceis.
Long. °25.

One specimen, San Diego, California. The strize of the elytra are deeper towards the
base, so that the interstices are there slightly convex; posteriorly the striae become merely
rows of oblong points; the elevation of the fifth interstice behind the middle is altogether
anomalous, and reaches quite to the apex.

502 REVISION OF THE ELATERIDA

Prastocerus | Schaum.

Frons planiuscula, antice sensim deflexa, non’ marginata: oculi convexi prominuli: labrum trans-
versum antice rotundatum, cum fronte arcte connatum: mandibule longiuscule, minus tenues, vix
acute: palpi articulo ultimo vix longiore cylindrico: antennz pilosz, flabellata, 11-articulate, arti-
culo 1™° crassiore; 2—10 gradatim paulo longioribus, 4—10 ramo externo cylindrico valde elongato
apicali instructis; 11™° ramo precedentis longiore, cylindrico: prosternum antice vix rotundatum,
postice longe mucronatum: coxze antice parve, medix maiuscule contiguie, postice laminis angustis
intus paulo latioribus: tarsi longiusculi, pubescentes, articulis 1—4 sensim brevioribus, 5'° longiore
unguiculis integris: tibie tenues calcaribus minutis: abdomen 5-articulatum.

A specimen of this insect was sent by me to Dr. Schaum, who pronounced it strictly
congeneric with Callirhipis angulosus Germ., an insect found in Smyrna, and which
forms in the Catalogus Coleopterorum Europz the type of the unpublished genus Plas-
tocerus. ‘

The characters are very distinct, as given above; the general form of the body is that
of Cebrio, but more slender; the mandibles are shorter and less acute than in the
other genera of this group, and close together just beyond the labrum, so as to leave no
open space as in Aphricus and Cebrio; the labrum is closely soldered to the front, as in
Cebrio, leaving merely a transverse line; the small size of the anterior cox shows the
persistence of the Elater type. The abdomen, though apparently only 5-jointed, is
slightly dehiscent at the apex, permitting the sixth internal joint to be seen.

1. P. Schaumii, piceo-castaneus, helvo-pubescens, capite thoraceque pilis longioribus erectis
densius yestitis, illo scabro, hoe antrorsum angustato, lateribus sinuatis, angulis posticis elongatis,
divergentibus, dense punctato, elytris striis vage impressis, interstitiis subrugosis, pectore longius
cinereo-pubescente. Long. °47.

San Diego, California, May and June, abundant, flying about just before sunset, and
alighting on bushes, near the shore of the bay. In the male, the thorax is gradually
narrowed from the base, and shghtly angulated before the middle; in the female, the sides
are parallel from the base of the spines to the middle, then rounded to the apex. This
insect has very feebly the power of springing.

Evuruysantius Lec.

Frons planiuscula, antice subito devexa, non marginata: oculi convexi prominuli: labrum breve,
antice subsinuatum: mandibule modice elongate, acute, medio dentate: palpi articulo ultimo non
longiore, cylindrico: antennze pilosz flabellata, 12-articulate, articulo 1™° crassiore, sequentibus duo-
bus sequali; 3'° 2" paulo longiore; 4—11 sensim paulo longioribus, ramo externo valde elongato,
cylindrico apicali instructis, 12™° cylindrico, ramo przecedentis sesqui breviore: prosternum antice vix
rotundatum, sutura laterali obliqua recta, postice mucronatum: cox antics parve, mediz fere conti-
gue, postice laminis angustis, intus latioribus: tarsi longiusculi pubescentes, articulis 1—4 sensim

brevioribus, 5° longiore, unguiculis integris: tibize tenues, calcaribus parvis: abdomen 5-articulatum.

The appearance is entirely that of Plastocerus, but the 12-jointed antenne, and the
more prominent and acute mandibles, compel me to separate this species. The labrum is
more porrected than in the preceding genus, and is nearly horizontal, not following the
convexity of the anterior part of the front, which is almost perpendicular.

i a
Y . ¥ nv ’

OF THE UNITED STATES. 503

1. E. lautus, piceo-castaneus, tenuiter helvo-pubescens, capite thoraceque sat dense punctatis,
hoe latitudine non breviore, antrorsum paulo angustato, lateribus late sinuatim rotundatis, angulis
posticis elongatis valde divergentibus, elytris thorace paulo latioribus, seriatim punctatis, vage sub-
sulcatis, rugose punctatis, antennis palpis pedibusque castaneo-rufis. Long. °92.

One specimen from San Diego, California. The shallow furrows of the elytra are more
obvious behind the middle.

Cesrio Fabr.

Frons paulo convexa, antice non marginata: oculi convexi prominuli: labrum latum, breve, antice
preecipue late emarginatum, fronte arcte connatum: mandibule elongate fere rectangulariter angu-
latee, apice tenues acute: palpi maxillares longiusculi, articulis cylindricis: antennz subserrate, 11-
articulate, articulo 1™° non crassiore, 4" xquali; 2 et 5 coniunctis 4° eequalibus; 11™° apice subito
constricto: prosternum breve, sutura laterali indistincta, postice longe mucronatum: cox antice
maiusculz, medie contiguee, postice laminis intus subito dilatatis: tibize anticee ad apicem extus paulo
productz, calcaribus mediocribus: tarsi paulo pubescentes longiusculi, articulo 1™° elongato, 2—4
subequalibus, 5° longiore, unguiculis integris: abdomen articulo 5° truncato, 6" T™°que conspicuis.

This genus is distinguished from the next by the anterior tibie being less compressed
and not emarginate externally; the terminal spurs of all the tibia are moderate, while in
Scaptolenus, they are very long; the scutellum is obtuse and not elongate. The species
resemble each other very closely, and are only to be recognised by the organic differ-
ences pointed out below: they are castaneous above, and testaceous yellow below, with
the prosternum dusky, and the antenne ferruginous. Liatreille has separated C. bicolor
as a distinct genus Selenodon, but such an arrangement is not tenable.

A. Palpi articulo ultimo maxillarium breviore.

1. C. bicolor, castaneus, helvo-pubescens, minus nitidus, labro late emarginato, thorace lateri-
bus parallelis antice rotundatis, (maris confertim, feminze parcius punctato,) angulis posticis subdiver-
gentibus, elytris striatis, interstitiis punctatis, subtus testaceus, antennis ferrugineis. Long. (mas,) ‘7:
(fem.) *9.

Cebrio bicolor Fabr. Syst. El. 2, 14; Beauvois, Ins. 8, tab. 7, fig. 2.

Selenodon bicolor Latreille, Ann. Ent. Soc. France, ser. 1, 3, 163.

Southern and Western States, not rare. The female is apterous, and larger and stouter
in its form; the antenn are only as long as the head and mandibles, while in the male
they reach beyond the base of the thorax; they are serrate in both sexes, with the last
joint acuminate: the only specimen of the female that I have seen, was taken in Alabama
by Mr. Hentz, and given me by Prof. Haldeman. In both sexes the apical portion of the
mandibles is slender: in the female the tarsi are shorter than in the male, and the ante-
rior tibiz are more compressed. .

As this seems to be the most abundant species, it is probably the original Cebrio bi-
color.

2. CO. simplex, piceo-castaneus, helvo-pubescens, labro non emarginato, thorace antrorsum sub-
angustato, lateribus fere rectis (maris confertim fere confluenter punctato) angulis posticis subdiver-
gentibus, elytris nitidis profundius striatis, interstitiis punctatis, subtus testaceus, antennis ferru-
gineis. Long. ‘72.

VoL. X.—81

ie ne pull —

504 REVISION OF THE ELATERID®

One male from Georgia. The antenne are a little longer than the head and thorax:
besides the differences given in the diagnosis, the thorax is more densely pubescent than
in the other species, and its posterior angles are more strongly carinated.

B. Palpi mazillares articulo ultimo precedenti equali.

3. C. confusus, piceus, helvo-pubescens, labro antice late emarginato, thorace lateribus paral-
lelis, antice subrotundatis, angulis posticis breviusculis, non divergentibus (maris confertim subtilius
punctato,) elytris minus nitidis, striatis, interstitiis punctatis, subtus testaceus, antennis ferrugineis.
Long. ‘72.

One male from Georgia. More robust than the preceding, almost intermediate in form
between the male and female of C. bicolor. The antenne hardly reach beyond the base
of the thorax; the posterior angles of the thorax are not distinctly carinated: the front
is somewhat more convex than in the other two species.

Scaproienvs Lec.

Frons convexiuscula, non marginata; labrum latum antice leviter emarginatum, fronti arcte con-
iunctum: mandibulz elongatz tenues, falcata, acute; palpi elongati, tenues, articulo ultimo maxil-
larium preecedenti eequali: antennz tenues, vix serrate, 11-articulate, articulo 1™° vix crassiore, 4'°
equali, 2 et 3 coniunctis 4'° brevioribus, 11™° apice subito constricto; prosternum breve, postice
valde inflexum, mucrone vix distincto: coxse antic maiuscule, medi contigue, postice laminis intus
subsubito dilatatis: tibize calcaribus elongatis armatee, antic compress, dilatate, extus emarginate,
et apice productze (ita ut bidentate sunt,): tarsi tenues, pubescentes, valde elongati, articulo 1™° sequen-
tibus duobus longiore, 2—4 sensim paulo brevioribus, ultimo preecedentibus duobus breviore, unguiculis
integris: abdomen articulo 5'° truncato, 6'° 7™°que prominulis.

The body is short and thick, strongly narrowed in front from the base of the thorax;
the anterior part of the body, above and beneath, is covered with very long hair. ‘The
scutellum is long and pointed.

1. S. femoralis, saturate castaneus, nitidus longe helvo-pilosus, punctatus, thorace valde trans-
verso, antice fortiter angustato, lateribus subrotundatis, basi et apice bisinuato, angulis posticis elongatis,
elytris postice subangustatis, sulcatis, sulcis antice obliteratis, subtus flavus, tibiis tarsisque nigrican-
tibus, antennis ferrugineis, palpis piceis. Long. °65.

Cebrio femoralis Chevrolat, Coléoptéres de Mexique, fase. 8, No. 200.

Two males found near San Antonio, Texas, by Lieut. H. Haldeman.

OF THE UNITED STATES. 505

APPENDIX.

Page 454. In Arractorrervus add the following species:

A. silaceus, rufo-testaceus, fere opacus, tenuiter flavo-pubescens, thorace latitudine sesqui lon-
giore, antrorsum subangustato, lateribus antice late rotundatis, angulis posticis pallidis subdivergenti-
bus, disco confertissime subtiliter punctato, elytris fere parallelis pallidioribus, striis punctatisi mpres-
sis, interstitiis vix convexis, punctatis, antennis articulis 2 et 3 aqualibus, 4"° coniunctis fere equalibus.
Long. *3—:34.

Elater silaceus Say, Ann. Lye. of New York, 1, 260.

Middle and Southern States, not rare. This species differs from the following by its
less slender form and Jess elongated antennz. The head and thorax are somewhat darker
than the elytra, but never become piceous or black: the thorax is very obsoletely chan-
nelled: the abdomen is rufous, and the postpectus dusky.

A. umbraticus, piceo-niger, fere opacus, tenuiter flavyo-pubescens, thorace latitudine sesqui lon-

_giore, antrorsum subangustato, lateribus vix rotundatis, angulis posticis testaceis subdivergentibus,
confertissime punctato, elytris fere parallelis fuscis, versus basin pallidioribus, striis impressis, punc-
tatis, interstitiis punctatis, pedibus antennisque fusco-testaceis, his valde elongatis, articulis 2 et 3
coniunctis 4° duplo brevioribus. Long. °3.

Middle and Southern States. This is probably what Say alluded to as a variety of the
preceding species, having the thorax and abdomen almost black. ‘The thorax, as in A,
silaceus, is very indistinctly channelled.

With regard to the difference between Atractopterus and Dolopius, of this essay, a few
words of explanation may be necessary. The essential differences may be reduced to two:
1. The head of Atractopterus is not perpendicular, and the mouth not inferior; and 2. The
basal joint of the antennz is not elongated.

It may be a matter of dispute by what name the genus called Dolopius, in the present
essay, should be properly denoted. I confess that I may have acted without due delibe-
ration in sélecting the name Dolopius, as it has already been placed as a synonym to Ec-
tinus by Latreille: I would, therefore, propose to substitute for it Acriores, as liable to
fewer objections. My reason for selecting Dolopius was, that most of the native species
previously described had been referred to that genus, and I was unwilling to introduce any
change of name, except in cases where it was absolutely necessary. On consultation with
Dr. Harris, his opinion, in which I am now happy to coincide, is, that if the genera are
united, the choice of names should be restricted to Ectinus or Agriotes, since Latreille
has united the other two (Dolopius and Sericosomus) with them.

ee ee. ~)

506 REVISION OF THE ELATERID&

Of the species described in this essay, D. mancus and D. pubescens differ from the
others in having the mouth entirely closed by the sternum, and in this respect agree
with Agriotes segetis of Europe. ‘The basal fissures are more elongated than in the other
species, and present in certain lights the appearance of elevated lines: it might be doubted
which of the two is the real El. maneus Say, but as it is compared with El. convexus, evi-
dently a robust species of Cardiophorus, I have given the preference to that having the =,
more robust form.

D. pauper, D. subustus, D. bigeminatus, D. oblongicollis, D. isabellinus, and D. avulsus,
agree closely in characters with the European D. marginatus, which is the type of Esch-
scholtz’s genus Dolopius: in them the posterior coxz are somewhat suddenly dilated in-
ternally ; in the remaining species the cox are hardly wider internally, and the second
and third joints of the antenne are variable in their proportions: united together, they are
longer than the fourth; they are equal in size, or nearly so; but in D. limosus the second
appears distinctly longer than the third; the suture of the prosternum is more or less ex-
cavated anteriorly, and in all of them to a greater extent than in the European D. margi-
natus.

Under these circumstances, I did not feel justified in separating such closely allied spe-
cies into different genera, though I confess that the following arrangement of the species
described would be more natural than the one proposed in the text, although the thickened
and emarginate mandibles separate A. mancus from all the other species, both native and
foreign, that I have examined:

A. Sternum subtus os omnino obtegens: A. mancus and pubescens.

B. Os subtus plus minusve liberum:
Coxze postice intus vix latiores: A. collaris, fucosus, sordidus.
Coxe postic intus modice, subgradatim angustate: A. avulsus, sordidus, stabilis, limosus.
Coxe posticze intus modice fere subito angustatie:
Antenn articulis 2 et 3 coniunctis 4° brevioribus: A. isabellinus and oblongicollis.
Antennz articulis 2 et 3 coniunctis 4'° longioribus, (frons apice subangulata:) A. pauper,
subustus, bigeminatus.

The following note from Dr. Harris will explain the different views taken by us of the
nomenclature of the species, considered by Dr. Harris as El. obesus, and by me as Elater
mancus,

“The species which Dr. Le Conte refers to Hlater mancus of Say, is strictly congerical with the
European species segetts Gyll. (striatus Fabr.) variabilis F., and sputator F., with all of which it has
been carefully compared. These species belong to the genus Aeriorns of Eschscholtz and of La-
treille. The insect in question is to be found in the ‘Catalogue of the insects of Massachusetts,’ ap-
pended to the 2d edition of Hitchcock’s Report, under the name 2. pumilus, with the doubtful syno-
nym, ‘obesus? var. 8.,’ given on the authority of Mr. Say: and it is described as Hlater (Agriotes)
obesus in the ‘Treatise on Insects Injurious to Vegetation,’ in which the specific name was adopted in
deference to Mr. Say, although the writer was previously aware that the insect did not accord with
Mr. Say’s description of the obesus.”’

The following spectes of this family are unknown to me; those described from Russian

« ay “es 4 : fs
= leatiealinrerg Py rts ar erat? we

_ NS aE papa Ce SESE

OF THE UNITED STATES. 507

America may be expected to occur in the northern portion of Oregon, but are not included
here, as a catalogue of them has already been published by Mannerheim, (Bull. Mosc.,
1852.)

: Where the genus can be determined, it is placed in parentheses, or reference is made to
the preceding pages, where the species is mentioned:
Eucnemis quadricollis Say, (v. p. 411.) (choris Say, (v. 489.)
Galba (Dendrocharis) flavicornis Guér. (v. p. 418.) viridis Say, Ann. Lye. 1, 255.

(Eucnemis) subrufa Randall, Bost. Journ. 2, 38. 3) obesus Say, (v. 456.)
dispar Herbst, Kifer, 10, 72, tab. 164, fig. 6. macilentus Randall, Bost. Journ. 2, 13,

flavipes Fabr. Syst. El. 2, 234: Herbst, ibid. | Dolopius ecalifornicus Mann. Bull. Mosc., 1843.
71, tab. 164, fig. 6. _(xanthomus Germ. (v. 471.)
lepturus Herbst, ibid. 77, tab. 165, fig. 1. pullus, (v. 468:) Germ. Zeitschr. 5, 168.
stigma Herbst, (v. 435, 471.) 2|pusio, Germ. Zeitschr., ibid.
scutellum Herbst, Kifer, 10, 144. 2\cribrarius Germ. (v. 472.)
inquinatus Say, (v. 459.) “| pedalis Germ. (v. 468.)
quietus Say, (v. 459.) concinnus Germ. (v. 479.)
avitus Say, (v. 491.) bombycinus Germ. Zeitschr. 4, 70.
erosus Say, Ann. Lye. 1, 258. medianus Germ. (vy. 437.)
rufifrons Randall, (v. 427.) corporosus Germ. ibid. 4, 72.
s/ acutipennis Randall, Bost. Journ. 2, 36. , |Sticticus Germ. (v. 441.)
| nimbatus Say, Ann. Lye. 1, 265. £/russicollis Germ. (v. 441.)
claricollis Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 6, 179, | §\submetallicus Germ. 4, 72.
bisectus Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. 3,177. || leucaspis Germ. 4, 73.
convexus Say, (v. 497.) glaucus Germ. 4, 76.
abbreviatus Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. 3,173. | |Serricornis Mann. Bull. Mose., 1843, 241.
militaris Harris, Transac. Hartford Soc. 70: | \diversicolor Mann., ibid. 243.
Germ. Zeitschr. 5, 161. Corymbetes rupestris Germ. Zeitschr.

basalis Randall, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 2, 9. | Cryptohypnus cinereipennis Mann. (v. 460.)
honestus Randall, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 2, 9. | Cryptohypnus puberulus Mann. (v. 460.)
filius Randall, ibid. 2, 14. . {latiusculus Esch. Mann. Bull. Mosce., 1843, 238.

griseus Beauv., 214, tab. 9, fig. 8. (Limonius | 2/californicus Mann. ibid. 238.
sec. Chevrolat.) 5 (tantillus Mann. ibid. 239.

rufipes Beauv., 214, tab. 9, fig. 9. | Cratonychus (species) (v. 481.)

- The Elaters operculatus, fenestratus, and mendica, mentioned by Say as
having been described by him, cannot be found in his writings.

On p. 439 a duplicate description of Corymbites aratus has been inadvertently allowed
to remain: the remarks under the first of the descriptions are a repetition of what belongs
to C. nitidulus.

ioph

508 REVISION OF THE ELATERIDA OF THE UNITED STATES,

INDEX OF GENERA.

Adelocera, 489.

Adrastus, 458.

Agriotes, 505, (456, 457.)
Agrypnus, 491.

Alaus, 496.

Ampedus, 463.

Anchastus, 459.

Anelastes, 415.

Aphanobius, 492, (453, 463.)
Aphotistus, 439.

Aphricus, 501.

Asaphes, 449.

Athous, 427, (425, 426, 447, 450, 451, 453.)
Atractopterus, 454, 505.

Blauta, 472.
Brachycrepis, 460.

Calocerus, 428.

Campylus, 423, (447.)
Cardiophorus, 496.

Cebrio, 503.
CeBRiontitEs, 500.
CEROPHYTIDES, 420.
Cerophytum, 421.
Chalcolepidius, 495.
Chorea, 42.

Corymbites, 435, (480.)
Cratonychus, 473.
Crigmus, 453.
Cryptohypnus, 486, (484.)
Ctenicerus, 444.
Ctenonychus, 475. «

Dendrochares, 418.
Diacanthus, 437, 439, 441, 443.
Dicrepidius, 461.

Dirhagus, 416.

Dolopius, 455.

Ketinus, 463.
Elater, 463, (419, 417.)
Evareripes, 421.

Emathion, 414.
Epiphanis, 415, (414.)
Evonemipgs, 412.
Eucnemis, 417, (411.)
Euryptychus, 415.
Euthysanius, 502.

Fornax, 415.

Galba, 418.
Gambrinus, 435.

Hemicrepidius, 450.
Hemirhipus, 486.
Hylochares, 413, (416.)
Tsarthrus, 417.

Limonius, 428, (426.)
Ludius, 455.

Melanotus, 475, 477, 481.
Melanactes, 492.
Metasipes, 410.
Microrhagus, 418.
Melasis, 411, (412, 414.)
Monocrepidius, 481.
Nematodes, 412.

Oedostethus, 489.
Oestodes, 423.

» Onychodon, 416.

Oophorus, 483.
Pedetes, 424, (450.)
Perimicus, 477.

Perothops, 421.

_ Pityobius, 428.

Plastocerus, 502.

~ Pristilophus, 443, 492.

Pyrophorus, 492.

Scaptolenus, 504.
Selenodon, 503. t
Silenus, 418.

Tharops, 411.

dee author

Oi en Ee. teen Cane

ART. XVITI.— Synopsis of the MELOLONTHIDA of the United States.

he

By Joun L. Le Conte, M. D.

The Melolonthide form a group of the family Scarabeide less distinctly defined
than any other in that extensive family; connecting with several others, it seems to
be the great central group, and embraces genera of such diverse form and structure,
as to render the attempts at classification not altogether satisfactory. Erichson was
the first to attempt a general arrangement of the tribe, and Lacordaire, while following
nearly in his path, has introduced some important changes. It would ill become me,
having studied only a fauna limited in genera of this’ type, to pronounce upon the
value of the affinities thus displayed between genera which I have never seen; but I
have found great difficulty in placing in the schemes of those authors a new genus,
which should evidently have place within the limits embraced by them.

The classification of Burmeister is founded upon entirely different characters, and
seems at first to give much more natural groups than those formed by Erichson and
Lacordaire, though the characters used seem by no means distinct or easy of applica-
tion. The great stumbling point in both systems is however the curious mixture of
characters found in the allied group Anthobia of Burmeister, part of which forms
Erichson’s family Glaphyride, enrolled in the great series of Scarabzi laparosticti. _
Burmeister having examined (Lamell. 2, 2d, 467) the position of the abdominal stig-
mata in the genera of Erichson’s Glaphyride, found great variations between the
individual genera, some having them as in Melolonthidze, while in mone had they
exactly the situation in which they are found in the other groups of Laparosticti.
From these facts he draws the inference that the family Anthobia as established by
him is a natural one, osculant between the Phyllophaga (Melolonthidx and Rutelidz
of Erichson) and Melitophila (Cetoniade of Erichson), entirely denying the relation-
ship with the Laparosticti.

While admitting the probable justice of the latter result, although Erichson notes
the transition from Phenognatha to Hybosorus, I must say that the facts seem to me
to bear a very different interpretation, Looking for example at the four primary
groups into which Erichson divides the Scarabzi pleurosticti, the reader will see that
the Melolonthid have the posterior stigmata diverging but feebly, while the three
others have them diverging strongly. We will afterwards sce that the position of
{Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 2d series, vol. iii, November, 1856}

x gee Pe Sy , yr

226 LE CONTE.—SYNOPSIS OF THE

the posterior pair in the groups of genuine Melolonthide varies. Why, then, may
not all these cases of variation, great or small, in the position of the stigmata be
brought together in one large group, which may be placed between the pleurosticti
and laparosticti, connected more closely with the former than with the latter. The
essential character of this large group seems to be the negation of the characters of
the other two ; and we would thus have the following expression of relations :
Stigmata abdominis in segmentis ventralibus sita postice fortiter divergentia, ultima
conspicua . : : - ; : : : : : : ; - 5 . Laparosticti.
Stigmata abdominis parum divergentia, variabiles, at in membrano non sita, ultima seepe
conspicua . 5 ‘ : : ; . : : 3 : ; : : - Melolonthide.

Stigmata abdominis in membrano inter segmenta ventralia et dorsalia sita, ultima obtecta _Pleurosticti.

Besides this difficulty in determining the limits and characters of the entire family,
some difference in observation appears to result from the nature of the characters
used in its division. Thus, for example, the ventral segments of the Sericide are
described as free by Erichson and Lacordaire, and as connate by Burmeister; the
sutures are in reality distinct, though probably immovable. Nevertheless, although
so deceptive, this character cannot in the present condition of the study be abandoned,
though perhaps something may be done to render it more reliable.

Modifying the tables of Erichson and Lacordaire to suit the introduction of the new
views enunciated above, and omitting the groups not found in our territory, the
following table may be formed :

I. Mandibulez sub clypeo tectee.

A. Coxe anticz transverse haud prominule.
Parapleure late.

Segmenta abdominis haud connata_. . . : E 1. Macrophylle.
Segmenta abdominis suturis obliteratis : : . . . 2. Melolonthe.
Parapleure anguste . ; ; d ; ‘ : : c 3. Rhizotrogi.

B. Coxe anticze conic prominule.
Parapleurze anguste vel mediocres ; tarsi onychio distincto ; tibie posteriores bicalcaratz.
Abdomen segmentis ventralibus haud connatis :

segmentum sextum haud conspicuum . . : . : 4. Diplotaxes.
segmentum sextum conspicuum.
Labrum connatum : : - ; ; : om D.Sienwl Creer.
Labrum distinetum :
ungues divergentes, fixi . ; c - ‘ F d 6. Macrodactyli.
ungues mobiles, cheliformes - - : : : 7. Dichelonyche.
Abdomen segmentis ventralibus arcte connatis 5 . : 8. Lasiopodes.

Parapleure magne.
Tarsi onychio nullo ; tibiz: unicalcaratze vel ecalcarate ‘ 6 9. Hoplie.

II. Mandibulee ante clypeum conspicuze.

Parapleurze maxime (abdomen segmentis liberis) . : : . 10. Glaphyri.

;
:

MELOLONTHIDA OF THE UNITED STATES. 227

1, MACROPHYLLA.

A group having the epimera and parapleurs: of the metathorax broad as in, Melo-
lonthx, but differing by the ventral segments not being connate, although the sixth
is less closely articulated. Besides this character, the long slender tarsi, and the
very long hair of the head, thorax and sides, enable them to be readily recognized.
The group has heretofore had no representative on the American continent, but I am
now enabled to make known a new genus found within our territories.

Characters derived from the abdomen, and not mentioned by Burmeister or Lacor-
daire are the very distinct and straight fissure-like suture between the fifth ventral
segment and the propygidium; the stigma is situated on the ventral segment, near
the anterior margin, but remote from the suture just mentioned.

The group in its present form was established by Lacordaire. It consists of the
group Tanyproctini of Erichson, less the genus Tanyproctus.

Burmeister combines with it Erichson and Lacordaire’s group Pachypodii, which
differ not only by the variable characters derived from the less development of the
oral organs, but by the epimera of the metathorax being narrow.

PuHosetus Lee.

Corpus ovatum, convexum alatum, margine omni pectoreque longe villoso, elytris abdomineque subglabris.
Caput clypeo rotundato margine reflexo, sutura frontali fere obliterata. Labrum transversum late concayum,
parum emarginatum. Mandibule obtuse prominule. Mentum medio impressum ; palpi labiales articulo
ultimo cylindrico (maxillares desunt.) Antennx 9-articulate, articulo 1mo (scapo) elongato, 2ndo rotun-
dato, 8io 4to xequalibus, 5to obliquo haud breviore, 6to transverso brevi, clava triarticulata, (maris) funiculo
paulo longiore. Thorax antice linea marginali profunda. Abdomen haud marginatum, segmento quinto ven-
trali longiore margine postice subcoriaceo ; pygidium triangulare, magnum convexum. Tibix breves, antics
bidentate, denteque superiore munite, longius unicalcarate ; posteriores spinulis longioribus unicoronate,
posticze crassiores et denticulo superiore munite, omnes longe pilose. ‘Tarsi tibiis fere duplo longiores,
tenues, verticillatim setosi, articulis subequalibus, unguiculis yersus apicem dente magno lato acuto armate,
et ad basin iterum subdentate.

Seems to be allied to Tryssus Hr. and Trichiodera Burm., but the latter has 10-
jointed antenne; the former has, it is true, 9-jointed antennx, but is very insuf-
ficiently described, and being from southern Africa can hardly be the same as the
present genus.

1. P.comatus, capite obscuro confluenter dense punctato, clypeo rotundato fortiter marginato, thorace
luteo-ferrugineo margine omni longissime flavo-piloso, lateribus valde rotundatis, confertim punctato,
elytris piceo-testaceis nitidis, margine laterali et basali flavo-pilosis, vix obsolete punctatis, stria suturali

profunde exarata, propygidio dense subtilius punctato pubescente, pygidio nitido parce piloso et pune-
tulato ; subtus ferrugineus, femoribus tibiis posterioribus et pectore longe pilosis. Long. -67.

One specimen found in California by Mr. J. Wittick, probably near Sacramento,
and given me by Mr. 8. 8. Rathvon. The thorax has a strong marginal line at the

228 LE CONTE.—SYNOPSIS OF THE

apex, and a faint fovea near the side at the middle; the anterior angles are acute.
The oral organs, sides of the head, and base of the antennz are also provided with
long hairs.

2. MELOLONTH AK.

This group differs from the others by the combination of the following characters :
five ventral segments of the abdomen are connate, with nearly effaced sutures, the
6th is distinct and rounded; the parapleure of the metathorax are broad and their
epimera are large.

The latter important character was first observed by Lacordaire, (Gen. Col. 3, 292),
but has been overlooked by Burmeister, who distributes the contents into two groups,
Leucopholidz having the third joint of the antenne short, and Polyphyllidz having
the same joint elongated. The new genus Thyce, while important as being the
second generic representative of the group on this continent, is still more important,
as showing the greater correctness of the view taken by Lacordaire, since with the
habit and structure of head and feet of Polyphylla, it combines the antennze of Leu-
copholis.

Additional characters common to our two genera, but which, though apparently
of importance, are not mentioned in the generic descriptions of Burmeister, are, that
the middle tibize, instead of being surrounded externally by two more or less developed
crowns of spines, (as in all Rhizotrogide), are acutely bidentate; the posterior tibize
of Polyphylla are similar to the middle ones; in Thyce the inferior prominence is
transverse; the suture between the fifth ventral segment and the propygidium is dis-
tinct, angulated at the middle, with the stigma placed exactly upon the angle; the
thorax is not margined anteriorly, and is ciliate with short bristles.

Our two genera are very distinct, and may be thus known :

Antennarum articulo 3io longiore, clava polyphylla . : . ‘ Polyphylla Harris.
Antennarum articulo 3io haud longiore, claya parva (2 ) triphylla : Thyce Lec.

PoLyPHYLLA Harris.

A. Tibize maris anticee fortiter tridentate.

1. P. Hammondi, oblonga, fusca, supra parce albo-squamosa, thorace brevi lateribus oblique rotundatis,
antrorsum angustato, canaliculato, trivittato, margine postico longe comato, elytris parce punctatis,
sutura anguste, vittaque brevi basali densius albo-squamulosis, ano, antennis pedibusque ferrugineis.
Long. -82—1-0. A

Two males found at Fort Riley, Kansas, by Dr. Wm. A. Hammond, U. 8. A. to
whom I owe my most grateful acknowlegements for a very large and complete series
of the Coleoptera of that region.

Body oblong, somewhat cylindrical, blackish brown, shining, above very sparsely

Te

MELOLONTHIDA OF THE UNITED STATES. 229

sprinkled with small white scales. Clypeus (as in the males of this division) deeply
concave, with the sides oblique and diverging anteriorly, margin broadly reflexed,
truncate in front, and reddish ; vertex with long yellowish hair. Antenn ferruginous,
club much longer than the head. Thorax nearly three times wider than long, sides
rounded and oblique, not narrowed towards the base, margin reddish, disc with a
dorsal channel which being clothed with denser white scales forms a narrow vitta,
another short interrupted vitta is seen each side, but in one specimen is very indis-
tinct ; the disc near the anterior margin is furnished with a few long hairs; the sur-
face is shining and sparsely punctured ; the posterior margin is fringed with long hair.-
Scutellum with a white medial line. Elytra shining sparsely punctured, with a very
narrow sutural line, and a short basal vitta inside of the humerus more densely clothed
with white scales, the vitta disappearsin one specimen. Abdomen clothed with small
white scales more condensed at the posterior margin of the segments, anus ferruginous.
Pectus clothed with dense long hair, legs ferruginous; anterior tibize armed with three
acute teeth.

2. P. eavifrons, oblongo-cylindrica, fusco-ferruginea, pube brevi pallida squamulosa parce vestita,
thorace lateribus rotundatis, utrinque angustato, sulco dorsali, plaga utrinque basali densius pubescen-
tibus, margine basali brevius fimbriato, elytris rugosis obsolete tricostatis et vix vittatis, sutura paulo
densius pubescente. Long. ‘9.

Le Conte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philada., 7, 222.

Sonora, Dr. Webb, and Mr. Schott, of the U. 8S. and Mex. Boundary Commission.
Only males were procured. ‘This species is slightly more cylindrical than the preced-
ing, being about the same size and form as P. variolosa, of a reddish brown color and
with a thin covering of short depressed yellow hair; the thorax is however of a dif-
ferent shape, being about two times wider than long, much rounded on the sides, and
narrowed both in front and behind, the disc is moderately densely punctured, channeled,
with the sides, dorsal vitta and basal spots more densely pubescent with fine short
yellowish hair like scales. The anterior part of the disc has a few longer hairs, and
the posterior margin is fringed with not very long hair. The head is formed as in
the preceding, sparsely clothed with short yellowish hair, with long hair on the vertex; _
the antennz are paler ferruginous with the club not much longer than the head. The
elytra are finely rugous, not very shining, with three faint costs, which appear with
the suture more densely pubescent. ‘The abdomen is densely clothed with yellowish
scale like hairs, the pectus as usual with long yellow hair. The anterior tibizw are
armed with three acute teeth.

3. P. subvittata, cylindrica ferrugineo-testacea, parce pallide squamosa, thorace lateribus fere angu-
latis, utrinque angustato, canaliculato, trivittato, elytrorum sutura vittisque minus distinctis utrinque
tribus albo-squamosis, vitta externa ambiente. Long. 1:10.

One mutilated male found by Mr. A. Schott on the Rio Grande, Texas. More
59

250 LE CONTE.—SYNOPSIS OF THE

cylindrical than the preceding, and of a paler color, sparsely clothed with small
white scales. Clypeus longer, with the sides more diverging, and the anterior angles
more defined ; vertex as usual with yellow hair. Thorax a little more than twice as
wide as long, sides almost angulated, narrowed very much in front, and moderately
behind, disc anteriorly without hairs, with the dorsal channel and a lateral discoidal
vitta (as in the next species) more densely squamous ; surface shining moderately punc-
tured, posterior margin fringed. Elytra shining, coarsely rugous and punctured, with
the suture and three vitte each side more densely squamous ; the two inner vitte ex-
tend within one-fourth of the apex, the outer one is less distinct, but entire, and bends
around the apex almost to the suture. Body beneath as in the preceding. Anterior
tibiee with three teeth which from wearing have become obtuse.

B. Tibiz antics maris bidentate.

3. P. decemlineata, fusco-picea, parce sulphureo-squamosa, thorace canaliculato, vittis tribus, seutello
medio, elytris sutura vittis tribus brevique humerali niveo-squamosis, antennis ferrugineis.

Mas antennarum clava magna, ¢lypeo truncato subemarginato antice paulo latiore. Long. 1-10.

Femina, antennarum clava parva, clypeo parum concayo, lateribus parallelis, antice subsinuato, tibiis anticis
tridentatis. Long. 1-05-—1:35.

Lec. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 7, 218. Burm. Lamell. 2, 2d, 407.

Melolontha 10-lineata Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. 3, 246.

Kansas, Nebraska and New Mexico; shores of Tlamath Lake, Oregon, Dr. New-
berry ; a specimen of very large size was found by Mr. Joshua Child in the Sierra
Nevada of California. The head behind is clothed with moderately long hair, but
hardly any is seen on the thorax ; the yellow scales on the latter near the margin are
elongate, but on the disc they are lanceolate, and about twice as long as their width ;
the sides are obtusely angulated at the middle, with the posterior angles very. obtuse.
The yellow scales of the elytra are acute, and a little more than twice as long as their
width. The under surface is clothed with pale scales with snowy bands across the
abdomen; the pectus is very hairy, the posterior tibie are internally clothed with
long hair. The feet vary from ferruginous to blackish.

A male found in Kansas is remarkable for the right antenna bifurcating at the end
of the second joint; the inner third joint is thick and short, the outer normal ; the
outer club is normal, but smaller than the one of the opposite side; the inner club is
deformed, being composed of two which are fused together at the middle, forming a
concave mass, of which the upper laminz are much longer than the under ones. The
anterior tibiz are almost without teeth.

4, P.crinita, fusco-picea, pube depressa vix squamulosa pallide sulphurea parce vestita, capite postice,
thorace antice longius crinito, hoe canaliculato, niveo trivittato, scutello medio elytris sutura, vittis

tribus humeralique breyi niveis, pygidio sepius, pedibus antennisque ferrugineis.

MELOLONTHIDZ OF THE UNITED STATES. 231

Mas antennarum clava magna, clypeo recte truncato, thoracis margine postico longe villoso. Long. :97—1-17.
Femina antennarum claya parva, clypeo antice subsinuato, thoracis margine postico brevius villoso, tibiis
anticis tridentatis. Long. 1:05—1-35.

Oregon, Washington Territory and California. So similar to the preceding that the
females might be readily confounded ; on comparison, however, I find the following
differences independent of sex. The yellow scale-like hairs are lanceolate, and narrow,
being on the elytra about four times as long as their width; on the disc of the thorax
especially in the vitte they are broader, but towards the margins they are elongated,
and are gradually converted into long hairs, which towards the apex are as long as
those on the back of the head: the sides of the thorax from a dorsal view appear
rounded, and not angulated.

The base of the thorax of the male is densely fringed with long yellowish hair, about
three-fourths as long as the scutellum, but in the female the hair is not longer than
in both sexes of P. 10-lineata. The under surface is as in the preceding; the legs
are however ferruginous in every specimen before me: the margin of the elytra, the
pygidium and last ventral segment are also usually ferruginous.

The study of the genus Lachnosterna indicates that in this tribe species may be
really distinct, although almost without differences in form and sculpture, otherwise
I should not venture to distinguish the present by a specific name, but should rather
class it as a race of P. 10-lineata.

5. P. variolosa, fusco-ferruginea, undique minus dense albido-pubescens, capite postice villoso, thorace an-
trorsum fortius angustato, lateribus oblique magis rotundatis, angulis posticis obtusis, canaliculato pube
densiore subtrivittato, elytris, sutura anguste, guttisque pluribus densius pubescentibus. Long. -8—-9.

Mas antennarum clava magna, clypeo concavo antice latiore fere recte truncato, thorace margine basali medio
longe villoso.

Femina haud visa.
Harris Ins. Inj. Vegetation, 1st ed. 30.
Melolontha variolosa Hentz, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 3, 256, pl. 2, fig. 5. Harris, Ins. Inj. Vegetation

2nd ed. 28.

Middle States, Massachusetts, New Jersey. This species seems to have been con-
founded by Erichson and Burmeister with the following, to which it bears but little
resemblance ; or at least the name has been quoted as a synonym, without any know-
ledge of the object or figure to which it referred. Apart from the want of regular
vittze on the elytra, the pubescence is much less dense, the occiput clothed with long
hair, the thorax is shorter, and more narrowed anteriorly and more rounded on the
sides, the body is less elongated, and much less cylindrical than in the next species.
The abdomen is sometimes fuscous, sometimes reddish brown, with bands of whitish
pubescence.

6. P. occidentalis, elongata, cylindrica ferrugineo-testacea densius pallide pubescens, thorace antror-

sum parum angustato, lateribus rotundatis, angulis posticis rectis, vitta dorsali alba, alteraque utrinque

LE CONTE.—SYNOPSIS OF THE

bo
(se)
bo

seepe obsoleta, scutello toto, elytris sutura vittisque tribus densius albo-pubescentibus, interna sepe

abbreviata. Long. -9—1°3.
Mas antennarum clavya magna, elypeo lateribus subrectis, antice latiore recte truncato, tibiis anticis bidentatis.

Femina antennarum claya parva, clypeo lateribus rotundatis, antice subsinuato, tibiis anticis fortius bidentatis.

Er. Ins. Deutsch]. 659 ; Burm. Lamell. 2, 2nd, 408.

Scarabeus occidentalis Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 12ma reformata, 1, 2, 555.

Melolontha occidentalis Herbst, Kifer, 3, 72 ; tab. 28, fig. 8. Drury, Ins. 2, 58; tab. 32, fig. 2. Oliv.
Ins. 5, 15, tab. 1, fig. 7, (in part.)

Southern States, S. Carolina, Louisiana. The abdomen is usually blackish with
transverse bands of denser white pubescence. The hair of the base of the thorax is

distinct but not longer in the male than in the female.*

Tuyce Lec.

Corpus oblongo-cylindricum, alatum, squamulosum, pectore villoso, elytris subglabris. Clypeus concavus,
antice paulo latior, recte truncatus. Antenne 10-articulate, articulis 3 et 4 equalibus, clava (feminze) parva
triphylla. Labium profunde excavatum. Mentum paulo concavum, ligula latior. Palpi labiales in margine
ligulee inserti : maxillares articulo ultimo longiore cylindrico ad apicem acuto. Mandibule parum prominulz.
Tibi antice fortiter tridentate, intermedize extrorsum acute bidentate, postice crassiores denticulo 1mo
acuto, denteque secundo transverso armate, ad apicem spinulis coronate, calearibus complanatis, interno
minore angustiore. Tarsi (postici) breves, verticillatim setosi, articulis 1—4 sensim paulo brevioribus, 5to
primo equali, uneuiculis medio dente acuto mediocri armatis. Pygidium subtransversum triangulare, angulis
rotundatis.

In every respect resembling Polyphylla, except in the antenne, the more thickened

posterior tibiee, and the ungues.

1. T. squamicollis, piceo-ferruginea, capite thoraceque confertissime punctatis, pilis depressis squami-
formibus pallidis vestitis, hoe conyexo, disco antice posticeque parcius villoso, elytris nitidis punctatis
et rugosis parce brevissime pubescentibus, pygidio abdomineque squamulosis, pectore dense villoso.
Long. 1:03.

One female collected by T. Charlton Henry, M. D., U. 8. A., at Albuquerque, New
Mexico.

Uniform reddish brown, with the tibie darker. Head densely punctured covered
with narrow yellowish scales; front broadly margined, sides straight, slightly diverg-
ing, anterior margin nearly straight. Thorax convex, narrowed in front, much rounded
and subserrate on the sides, feebly broadly channeled about the middle of the disc,
vaguely impressed each side near the anterior angles: densely punctured, covered with
small narrow scales like those of the head, with long hairs intermixed towards the
base and apex. Scutellum densely pubescent with a glabrous line. Elytra rugous as
in most Rhizotrogi, not densely punctured, with a very short hair from each punc-
ture. Pygidium densely, abdomen less densely clothed with very small whitish

* Fabricius has intended by his Melolontha occidentalis the European Anoxia australis; Olivier confounded
them together as is evident by the localities given. His description does apply to the present, as the seven jointed

antennal club of the male is mentioned.
>»

MELOLONTHIDA OF THE UNITED STATES. 233

scales. Pectus densely clothed with long yellowish hair. Femora and inner margin
of the posterior tibize fringed with long hair.

63, RHIZOTROGI.

These are distinguished among the other Melolonthide with transverse not promi-
nent anterior cox, by the deeply emarginate labrum, the anteriorly margined thorax
without apical membrane, the narrow parapleure, and the connate ventral segments.
Specimens, and perhaps even species occur in which this last character is not very
obvious.

Additional characters, not previously noticed are: the 5th ventral segment is joined
with the propygidium by an angulated suture, which is sometimes partly obliterated,
the stigma is placed upon the suture at the angle, and nearer the posterior than the
anterior margin.

The last joint of the maxillary palpi is frequently impressed and sometimes deeply
excavated, the ungues and mandibles seem to vary in form within the same genus.
In the native genera the posterior coxx are entirely corneous, without any posterior
membranous margin : the posterior external angle is sometimes produced ; the antennze
are 9 or 10-jointed, with the club three-jointed.

Our genera may be thus arranged :

Unguiculi haud serrati, prope medium dentati ;
Ligula profunde emarginata ;

Antenne 10-articulate : ; : ; : : : ; ‘ Eugastra Lec.

Antenne 9-articulate ; : : - ; ; . : : Endrosa Lec.
Ligula fere truncata ;

Labrum bilobum 5 : F : : ; : : Lachnosterna Hope.

Labrum concayum, haud bilobum : Gynnis Lec.

Unguiculi plus minusve serrati, nonnunquam ad mean dentati? tiga fere truncata Listrochelus Blanch.

EveGastra Lec.

Corpus crassum, convexum, sexus utriusque apterum, supra et subtus glabrum. Labrum bilobum ; man-
dibule prominul, maxillze valide ad apicem dentate. Ligula parum concava, antice profunde subquad-
ratim emarginata. Palpi maxillares articulo ultimo elongato, levissime obovali, labiales articulo ultimo
ovali. Antennz 10-articulate, articulis 3—6 subsqualibus, 7mo breviore, haud latiore; clava sexus utrius-
que parva triphylla. Tibize posteriores coronate, tarsi tibiis paulo longiores, setosi, postici articulo lmo vix
breviore ; unguiculis dente acuto prope basin armatis; calcaribus posticis sexus utriusque liberis. Abdomen

segmento ventrali ultimo feminz prominulo, maris brevi; penultimo maris equali, femine transversim

impresso.
This genus represents on this continent the apterous Rhizotrogi of the group Geo-

trogus, but differs from that genus by many characters. The deep emargination of
the ligula is bisinuous but almost square at base, and will readily distinguish this
from all the other genera of the tribe.

60

234 LE CONTE.—SYNOPSIS OF THE

~

1. E. cribosa, brevis inflata, purpureo-picea, thorace varioloso, antice ad medium paulo deplanato,
elytris connatis, subreticulatis, longitudinaliter obsolete sulcatis. Long. “65.

Le Conte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. Philadelphia, 7, 217.

Tostegoptera cribrosa Lee. ibid. 6, 231.

Texas, valley of the Rio Grande; collected by Messrs. Schott and Clark, of the
U. S. and Mexican Boundary Survey. Body convex, stout, ovate in the female,
oblong in the male, purplish black. Head scabrous, flat, finely margined, faintly
emarginate in front; frontal suture not visible. Thorax nearly twice as wide as the
head, sides much rounded, serrate, sparsely ciliate, narrowed towards the base; disc
very coarsely and confluently punctured, at the middle slightly flattened, with some
smooth polished spaces around the flattened portion. Scutellum transverse, smooth.
Elytra ventricose, subsulcate, and covered with shallow fovee, giving a reticulated
appearance, suture not more elevated than the rest. Pygidium sparsely coarsely
punctured. Body beneath shining; sternum very coarsely punctured, with very short
hairs proceeding from the punctures; sides and the abdomen sparsely punctured and
slightly hairy.

2. BE. ventricosa, atra convexa, thorace lateribus rotundatis serratis, medio subangulatis, confertim
grosse punctato, callo dorsali pone medium levi, disco antice vix obsolete impresso, elytris connatis
subsulcatis, confluenter minus profunde punctatis, interstitiis subleevibus. Long. -9.

Lec. Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. Phil. 7, 217.

Tostegoptera ventricosa Lec. ibid. 6, 440.

Eagle Pass, Texas; two females collected by Mr. Schott. Differs from the pre-
ceding by the head being more rounded and less scabrous, with the frontal suture
slightly visible ; by the thorax being less coarsely but more densely punctured, and
having a dorsal smooth space behind the middle. The elytra are more distinctly
sulcate, and are rather punctured than reticulate. The body beneath is sculptured

as in Ku. cribrosa.

Enprosa Lec.

Antenne 9-articulate, articulis 3—5 connatis, longitudine cequalibus, clava triarticulata; palpi maxillares
articulo ultimo elongato, cylindrico, labiales articulo ultimo ovali ; labrum bilobum, ligula (cum mento) sub-
rotundata, concava, antice profunde acute emarginata. Mandibule crass prominule. Tibie posteriores
coronatz ; tarsi elongati, postici articulo 1mo paulo breviore, unguiculi dente magno ad medium armati ;
calearia postica sexus utriusque libera.

This genus is represented only by Melolontha quercus Knoch, and a new species
having the appearance of the Lachnosterne of group V, but differing in several
respects, the principal of which are the emarginate clypeus and deeply incised ligula.
The posterior spurs of the male are free, elongated, flattened and obtuse ; the penul-
timate segment of the abdomen is protuberant and impressed at the middle, the last
segment is short, and not impressed, as in the Lachnosterne of division C.

eels || gitar if li ji

‘eet eee 1 | ofl ae?

MELOLONTHIDA OF THE UNITED STATES. 235

_- 1. E.quercus, cylindrica, testaceo-rufa, sericeo-pruinosa, capite thoraceque saturatioribus, illo fortiter
haud dense punctato, clypeo anguste marginato, emarginato, thorace parce punctato, elytris parcius
fortiter punctatis subcostatis, pygidio et propygidio subtilius punctatis, pectore parum pubescente.
Long. -58—:63.

Melolontha quercus Knoch, Neue Beytr. 72, tab. 1, fig. 26.

Melolontha fervidat Iliger, ed. Oliv. 2, 44, (fide Burmeister.)

Ancylonycha quercus Burm. Lamell. 2, 2d, 340.

Middle and Southern States. The club of the antenne of the male is as long as
the stem.

2. E. volvula, cylindrica, rufo-testacea nitida, capite fuscescente minus dense punctato, clypeo emar-
ginato, thorace sat dense, elytris fortius punctatis haud costatis, pygidio parce subtiliter punctato,
pectore vix pubescente. Long. -5.

One female, New York, Mr. Guex. Much smaller than the preceding, and very
different by the shining and more punctured body.

LACHNOSTERNA Hope.

This genus commonly appears under the name Ancylonycha, and in the Catalogue
of the Described Coleoptera of the United States is called Phyllophaga. After care-
fully examining the history of each of these names, I am convinced that aregard for
the purity of nomenclature requires that they should be rejected, and the name pro-
posed by Hope in 1837, (Coleopterist’s Manual, 1, 99) should be restored.

The name Ancylonycha, the one best known, is used for the first time by Dejean,
in the Catalogue of his Collection printed in 1835, but the characters were first pub-
lished by Blanchard, in 1845, and the name was subsequently adopted by Erichson,
Lacordaire, Burmeister, and all the leading entomologists of Europe.

Misled by a note in the first edition of Harris’ Insects of Massachusetts Injurious to
Vegetation, (p. 30,) the name Phyllophaga was adopted by Mr. Haldeman and my-
self in the Melsheimer Catalogue, as above stated, but by the kindness of a friend I
have recently procured a transcript from the Massachusetts Agricultural repository
cited by Harris, and find that the name, although proposed as early as 1826, is not
accompanied by any description.*

*For the convenience of future students, I reprint the passage in which the name is proposed. Vide Mass.

Agricult. Repository, vol. x. p. 6, (note.)

«The genus Melolontha as constituted by Fabricius contains a vast number of species, differing greatly in ex-
ternal appearance, and somewhat in modes of life. Fabricius describes 149 species, and Schénherr, after separat-
ing those which constitute the modern genera Anisonyx, Glaphyrus, Amphicoma, Rutela, and Hoplia, enumerates
226 species of Melolontha, to which additions are constantly making from the discovery of new species. Hence
the genus requires further subdivision. The bases of these subgenera haye been pointed out by Latreille, Knoch ,
and Schénherr, and some have already been established. I would restrict the name of Melolontha to those
species which have more than three lamellx to the club of the antenne, like the vulgaris of Europe, and of which
we have an indigenous example in the M. decimlineata, of Say, (M: occidentalis Herbst?). Our common species
quercina, hirsuta, hirticula, balia, and some others might receive the generic name, Phyllophaga. M. vespertina

ve we

236 LE CONTE,—SYNOPSIS OF THE

From this it is clear that the name Ancylonycha is the one entitled to least regard,
since it the more recent, among the uncharacterized as well as among the char-
acterized names.

The species are very numerous, and many of those recently discovered in the South
Western territories of the United States present some very curious characters in the
spurs of the posterior tibiw, which render the establishment of several groups easy.
The form of the ungues, and the prominence of the mandibles in a state of repose are
characters subject to much variation. Following the example of Lacordaire I have
suppressed the genus Tostegoptera Blanch. founded on Mel. lanceolata Say, and
Trichesthes Hr. as being distinguished by insufficient characters.

The species naturally divide themselves into four principal groups; of these the
most numerous is distinguished by the inner spur of the posterior tibise being in the
male connate with the tibix, and by the comparatively large sixth ventral segment
being somewhat rounded in front so as to invade the fifth. These would seem to be
characters of some importance, and a careful study of the species from Asia and South
America may shew the necessity of regarding them as generic, in which case Trichesthes
must be retained for division D; division A. will keep the name Tostegoptera, and C. if
differing from the Asiatic species called Holotrichia by Hope must receive a new
name. In that event, however, as at present the following grouping exhibits the

relations of our native species.

A. Ungues prope basin dentati ; tibize postice calcaribus utriusque sexus liberis.

I. Corpus squamulis vestitum ; thorace postice haud angustato calcaribus posticis rectis Sp. 1.
II. Thorax ante basin latior ; calcaribus posticis rectis, obtusis ° Sp. 2—3.
III. Corpus supra glabrum ; thorace ante basin latiore, calcaribus posticis contortis Sp. 4.

B. Ungues ad medium dentati; tibize postice calcare interno maris fixo, solido, (aonnunquam obsoleto) ;
abdomen articulo ultimo ventrali majusculo.
IV. Palpi maxillares articulo ultimo sepe ovali ; antenne 9-articulate ; corpus cylindricum,

supra glabrum Sp. 5—7.

sericea and iricolor would form another sub-genus which might be called Stilbolemma, unless they are included
in Serica MacLeay, or Omaloplia of Megerle ; the characters of their genera Ihave not seen. M. pilosicollis,
longitarsa, and moesta of Knoch and Say should each constitute a subgenus. The latter (with M. sordida and
frondicola Say ?) belongs to Kirby’s genus Apogonia. From the singular manner in which the nails are divided
at tip, I would call the Zinearts of Schénherr Dichelonyx.’

Ibid, vol. x. p. 8. (Note.) F

‘ Stenothorax would be an appropriate name for the subgenus having the swbspinosa for its type.

Scarabeeus lanigerus, Linnzeus Melolontha lanigera, Fabr. has been referred to the genus Rutela ; but Schooherr
says it is not a Rutela, and arranges it between M. fastuosa and M. aurata F., belonging to the genus Anomala?
it may therefore be considered as the type of a new subgenus. See Schénherr’s Synonymia Insectorum, HI. p.
504. Scarabzeus punctatus, Lin., Melolontha punctata Fabr., or Rutela punctata, Latreille, belongs to Mr. Mae-
Leay’s genus Pelidnota.

Melolontha varians Fabr. is congeneric with the Anomala vitis of Megerle and Koppe.’

eM di Bl ee a a | a em

MELOLONTHID OF THE UNITED STATES. . 237

V. Palpi maxillares articulo ultimo impresso ; antenne 10-articulate ; corpus eylindricum,
supra glabrum, capite magno Sp. 8—13.
Palpi maxillares articulo ultimo tenui haud impresso.
a. Antennz 10-articulate.
VI. Tibize postice maris calcare interno obliquo; (corpus glabrum) * Sp. 14.
VIL. Tibiz posticee maris calcare interno elongato contorto ; (corpus glabrum, margine longe
fimbriato) Sp. 15.

VIII. Tibie postiee maris calcare interno recto, (corpus supra glabrum, vix fimbriatum) ;

* Thorax haud serratus ; clypeus fortius marginatus, vix emarginatus Sp. 16—21.
** Thorax serratus vel haud serratus ; clypeus anguste marginatus, fortius emarginatus Sp. 22—30.
*“** Thorax lateribus serratis medio angulatis Sp. 31—34.
IX. Tibize sicut in VIII: corpus supra pubescens Sp. 85—38.
' b, Antenne 9-articulate.
X. Clypeus emarginatus 39—45.
XI. Clypeus integerrimus 46.

C. Ungues ad medium dentati; tibize posticae sexus utriusque calearibus liberis gracilibus ; abdomen
articulo ultimo brevissimo ; (antenne 10-articulatee); mandibul ad apicem conspicue.

XII. Clypeus subemarginatus ; species pubescentes Sp. 47—50.
XIIT. Species pruinosze Sp. 51—52.
XIV.* Clypeus integerrimus ; species thorace piloso . Sp. 53.
D. Ungues intra medium breviter dentati, tibie posticee sexus utriusque calcaribus liberis gracilibus 3 ab-
domen articulo ultimo brevi ; mandibule occultz ; (antenne 10-articulate) Sp: 58—d5.
Group I.

We have here asingle species remarkable by the small scales which cover the surface.
The male is winged, the female apterous and very obese in form. The antennz are
10-jointed; the mandibles are prominent, and the last joint of the maxillary palpi is
elongate and not impressed. The thorax is short, not narrowed at the base. The
spurs of the posterior tibize are free in both sexes : the claws are long and slender and
are armed with a sharp tooth near the base.

1. L. lanceolata, fusco-nigra, alutacea, opaca squamis sordide pallidis lanceolatis undique tecta,
clypeo reflexo late rotundato, elytris lineis sepe subdenudatis notatis, pectore villoso, pedibus obscure
castaneis. Long. -52—-68.

Melotontha lanceolata Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 8, 242.
Tostegoptera lanceolata Blanchard, Cat. Col. Mus. Paris, 149 ; Burm. Lamell. 2, 2nd, 356.
Ancylonycha lanceolata Lacordaire, Gen. Coleop. 3, 285.

Kansas and New Mexico, as far east as Fort Riley.
Male oblong, winged; with the club of the antenne as long as the stem; the 2—4

* Here may be placed a group containing Trichestes cylindrica Burm. from Cuba, distinguished by the
jointed antenn, and very faintly emarginate clypeus; the maxillary palpi are slightly impressed and the
body is cylindrical as in group V: the tooth of the uagues is short, and the club of the antenne of the male is
composed of four joints.

61

238 LE CONTE.—SYNOPSIS OF THE

anterior segments of the abdomen with a medial short elevated crest, the fifth narrow-
ly incised at the middle, the pygidium broad and flat ; the spurs of the posterior tibice
free long and slender, the tarsi very long.

Female ovate, apterous; more densely squamous, with the last ventral segment
more prominent, and the pygidium more triangular, but also flat; the spurs of the
posterior tibix shorter and broad.

Group II.

Contains species of a robust form and rather large size, having the body glabrous,
or nearly so, above. The head is small, the clypeus broadly margined, and hardly
or not at all emarginate. The antennz are 10-jointed, the mandibles prominent, and
the last joint of the maxillary palpi slender, not impressed. The thorax is widest at
the middle, strongly narrowed in front, slightly so behind. The spurs of the posterior
tibixe are free in both sexes, but are very broad and obtuse: the claws are armed near
the base with a long sharp tooth.

2. L. wqualis, ovata convexa, (femina aptera) piceo-nigra nitida, capite convexo scabro-punctato, elypeo
coneavo minus dense punctato, thorace fortiter sat grosse punctato, lateribus serratis rotundatis, pilis
pallidis depressis parce vestito, elytris fortius punctatis haud costatis, pectore breviter dense villoso.
Long. °8.

Tostegoptera cequalis Lee. Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 6, 440.

One female found by Mr. Schott, of the U. 8S. and Mexican Boundary Commission,
at Eagle Pass, Texas.

The spurs of the posterior tibia are elongate, broad and flattened very much as in
L. lanceolata, and the wings are rudimentary ; but the pygidium is convex and strong-
ly punctured, and the thorax is formed as in the next species; for this reason I have
placed it in the present group.

3. L. fareta, ovata convexa, alata, castaneo-rufa, glabra, capite fortiter dense punctato, clypeo late ro-
tundato, lateribus anguste, apice latius marginato, thorace sat dense punctato, lateribus serratis ciliatis,
elytris fortiter punctatis haud costatis, pygidio gibboso, parce punctato. Long. -75—-95.

New Braunfels, Texas, Mr. Lindheimer. Body ovate, inflated, convex, shining
reddish brown. Head flattened on the disc, densely punctured ; clypeus rounded and
broadly margined in front, slightly so on the sides, and less densely punctured than
the head. Thorax convex, twice as wide as the head, fimbriate and strongly serrate
on the sides, strongly not very densely nor coarsely punctured. Scutellum with two
groups of punctures. Elytra more coarsely and strongly punctured than the thorax,
without any trace of dorsal costx; the suture is broad andrugous. Pygidium of both
sexes sparsely punctured and protuberant at the middle, though more acutely so in

° .
the female, Breast very finely and sparsely pubescent : abdomen with small depressed
hairs.

‘veils Bee :

ee.

Te ee es ne
r ae 7 J

‘

MELOLONTHIDA OF THE UNITED STATES. 239

Male with the club of the antenne as long as the stem, the abdomen with a broad
longitudinal impression not extending upon the lastssegment, posterior tibize with the
spurs free, very broad, flat and obtise: tarsi longer than the tibia.

Female with the abdomen not impressed ; the posterior spurs as in the male, and
the tarsi hardly longer than the tibiz.

Group IIT.

This group is established upon a single species, having most of the characters of
the preceding, but the form is oblong and the spurs of the posterior tibiae are con-
torted (at least in the male) and not flattened. The antenne are 10-jointed, the
mandibles and palpi as in the preceding, the clypeus is strongly margined, hardly
emarginate. The thorax is rounded on the sides and serrate, but only very slightly
narrowed at the base. The breast is moderately hairy, and the claws are toothed
near the base: the spurs of the posterior tibie of the male are free, the inner (lower)
one is curved, almost in a semi-circle, and inserted on the edge of the tibia, the upper
one is straight and prismatic, inserted upon the end.

4. L. torta, oblonga convexa, castanea nitida, capite dense punctato, clypeo fortius marginato vix
emarginato, thorace latgribus serratis postice paulo angustato, confertim fortius punctato, elytris con-
fertim punctatis, subrugosis, costis parum distinctis, pectore dense brevius flavo-villoso. Long. -83.

Two males collected in Texas by Messrs. H. Haldeman, and Lindheimer. The
propygidium is opake, sparsely punctured, the pygidium is shining, more strongly
punctured and subtruucate at tip: the abdomen is tolerably strongly punctured.

The club of the antennx of the male is hardly as long as the stem; the abdomen
is longitudinally flattened, and the penultimate segment is roughened and slightly
elevated transversely at the middle near the posterior margin; the inner spur of the
posterior tibize is laterally inserted and curved in a semicircle, the outer one is shorter,
pointed, thick and three sided: the tarsi are longer than the tibie.

Group IV.

This group consists of small cylindrical species, glabrous above. The head is large,
the clypeus is entire in one species, and deeply emarginate in the others: the mandi-
bles project beyond the labrum: the last joint of the maxillary palpi is oval, nearly
pointed, not impressed externally in—all—but—yv.o ly uba;-where~it-is-cylindrieal-and
slightly impressed. The antennx are 9-jointed, with the joints 3—5 connate, the
6th slightly produced inwards. The last joint of the abdomen is tolerably large,
merely flattened and not impressed in the males. The inner spur of the posterior
tibiee of the male is fixed, and straight in the species here described. The tarsi
especially of the males are very long, and the claws are armed with a small tooth in-
side of the middle.

5». L. frontalis, elongata, cylindrica pallide testacea, capite fusco rude punctato, canaliculato, elypeo

\

Ee ————- ee

240) LE CONTE.—SYNOPSIS OF THE

valde concayo, emarginato, testaceo parce punctato, thorace brevi sat punctato, clytris fortius punctatis
subcostatis, pectore densius villoso. Long. +52.

Platte River, Kansas Territory. Nearly allied to the next, but the head is more
coarsely and less densely punctured, and the breast is more hairy. The form is a
little more robust.

In the male the club of the antennz is as long as the stem, the abdomen is slightly
flattened longitudinally, and the penultimate segment has a small posterior lunate
impression at the middle ; the inner spur of the posterior tibie is very small and fixed,
but the outer one is long and flattened.

In the female the pygidium is less convex and more triangular, and the inner pos-
terior spur is about one-half as long as the outer one, but more slender.

6. L. longitarsis, elongata, cylindrica pallide testacea, capite fusco confluenter punctato, fronte parece
punctato, testaceo, valde concavo, emarginato, thorace brevisat punctato, elytris fortius punctatis sub -
costatis, pectore parce piloso. Long. -47.

Melolontha longitarsis Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philadelphia, 3, 242.
Mlinois, Mr. Willcox: only males were procured, and in their sexual characters
they precisely resemble the preceding species.

7. L. dispar, cylindrica rufo-testacea nitida, aequaliter fortius sat dense punctata, capite fusco, clypeo
parcius punctato, rotundato valde concavo, elytris subcostatis, pectore parum pubescente. Long. -45.
Trichestes dispar Burm. Lamell. 2, 2nd, 361.

Southern States. More robust than the preceding, and approaching in form those
of the next group. Burmeister describes the male as fuscous on the upper surface ;
the only two specimens in my collection are males, but are of a reddish yellow color
both above and beneath ; only the head is dark.

The club of the male is longer than the stem of the antennz; the three anterior
segments of the abdomen are longitudinally impressed and the last segment is slightly
swollen: the pygidium is slightly transverse and strongly punctured ; the inner spur
of the posterior tibiee is fixed, one-half the length of the outer, which is slender.

Group V.

Containing cylindrical species having the body glabrous above, and beneath only
slightly pubescent, even on the breast. The head is large, being scarcely one fourth
narrower than the thorax; the clypeus is strongly margined, sometimes entire, some-
times emarginate. The mandibles project beyond the labrum when closed. The last
joint of the maxillary palpi is variable in form, but is always more or less oval, and
flattened or impressed along the outer part. The antenne are 10-jointed, with the
joints 8—5 connate and indistinct, the sixth and seventh are slightly produced inwards.
The thorax is remarkably broad, not narrowed behind, nor serrate on the sides. The
last joint of the abdomen is relatively smaller than in the other groups having the
inner posterior spur of the male fixed, but in the male is impressed and emarginate.

MELOLONTHID® OF THE UNITED STATES. 241

The inner posterior spur of the same sex is fixed, very small, and sometimes vanishes
entirely. The ungues are armed with a short acute tooth just behind the middle.
The legs, and especially the tarsi of the male are longer than usual.

8. L. latifrons, cylindrica, purpureo-nigra, nitida, clypeo rotundato marginato, ad apicem prominulo,
capite thoraceque minus dense punctatis, elytris subpruinosis fortius punctatis, obsolete costatis,anten-
nis palpisque rufis. Long. -66—-70.

New York ; only females seen. Larger than the other species of this group, above
and beneath of a shining purplish black; antenne and palpi pale, tarsi dark rufous.
Head flat, not densely punctured; clypeus longer than usual, more closely punctured
than the head, rounded, narrowly margined on the sides, more broadly in front, with
the apex prominent in a very slight angle. Eyes small, distant. Thorax one third
wider than the head, ‘and punctured like it. Llytra slightly pruinose, strongly
punctured, with faint traces of the cost. Breast strongly densely punctured, clothed
with sparse short whitish hair. Abdomen sparsely but strongly punctured at the
sides and apex; penultimate segment faintly transversely impressed. Pygidium
tolerably densely punctured. Spurs of posterior tibie (female) long and nearly
equal.

9. L. cerasina, cylindrica, purpureo-rufa, parum nitida, capite parcius punctato, clypeo fortius
marginato, late subemarginato, thorace elytrisque modice punctatis, his subcostatis. Long. -65.

One male, Georgia. Similar in form to the preceding, but with the sides of the
thorax less rounded; uniform purplish rufous, not very shining. Head and clypeus
sparsely, not strongly punctured, the latter strongly margined, very broadly but
faintly emarginate, so as to appear scarcely more than truncate at tip. Thorax
modera‘ely punctured. Elytra rather more strongly punctured than the thorax,
with faint traces of coste. Propygidium punctured at tip. Pygidium finely punc-
tured. Breast densely punctured, clothed with fine short hair. Sides of the abdomen
finely and sparsely punctured.

Male with the club of the antennz much longer than the stem, and the abdomen
faintly channeled; the penultimate segment has a faint posterior excavation at the
middle, and two transverse obtuse elevations; the last segment is deeply foveate and
rises at the tip into two slight cusps; the outer spur of the posterior tibize is long and
slender ; the inner one is completely wanting.

10. L.ephilida, cylindrica rufo-testacea nitida, capite thoraceque obscurioribus, illo dense fere con-
fluenter punctato, clypeo fortius marginato, late emarginato, thorace sat dense, elytris fortius punctatis,
obsolete costatis. Long. -70.

Melolontha ephilida Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 5, 196.
Trichestes ephilidia Burm. Lamell. 2, 2d, 359.

Georgia and New York; only males observed. Differs from the next by the more
densely and finely punctured head, less deeply emarginate clypeus, and by the some-

what more robust form.
62

ae y oo ' ee
ap eT i

242 LE CONTE.—SYNOPSIS OF THE

Male with the club of the antennz shorter than the stem ; the abdomen obsoletely
channeled ; penultimate segment broadly but suddenly emarginate at the middle and
roughened with transverse elevated points ; last segment broadly transversely foveate,
emarginate at tip, with two obtuse cusps.

11. L. Burmeisteri, longior, cylindrica, rufo-testacea nitida, capite .obscuriore, sat dense punctato,
clypeo fortius marginato, parce fortius punctato late emarginato, thorace fortiter haud dense punctato,
clytris fortius punctatis, subcostatis. Long. -62.

Trichestes longitarsist Burm. Lamell. 2, 2d, 359.

One male found at New York. This species bears no resemblance to Say’s Melo-
lontha longitarsis, but is very closely allied to the preceding, from which it differs
chiefly by the clypeus being sparsely punctured and more deeply emarginate, and by
the body being more slender.

The male has the club of the antennx shorter than the stem ; and the abdomen and
posterior tibiz: precisely as in the preceding species.

12. L. glaberrima, longior, cylindrica, rufo-testacea nitida, capite obscuriote, parcius fortiter punctato,
clypeo emarginato, fortius marginato, parce punctato, thorace parcius punctato, clytris fortius punc-

tatis, obsolete costatis. Long. +58.
Ancylonycha glaberrima Blanch. Cat. Col. Mus. Paris, 136.

Georgia. This species has precisely the form of the preceding, but the head is
more coarsely and less densely punctured.

The male has the club of the antenne longer than the stem; the abdomen faintly
channeled, the penultimate segment faintly impressed and roughened at the middle,
with the posterior margin not emarginate as in the two preceding, with a very
slight oblique discoidal elevation each side towards the middle; last segment with a
very deep round fovea, bounded each side by an elevated ridge, which, however,
hardly rises into a cusp, as in L.cerasina. Posterior tibixe with the terminal
fringe of spines longer than usual, with the inner spur distinct, but not larger than
one of the spines ; outer one long, slender.

A female which I refer to this species has the head much smaller, being only two-
thirds the breadth of the thorax, the eyes small and distant, and the spurs of the
posterior tibixe long and nearly equal.

13. L. inana, subcylindrica, testacea nitida, capite rufescente, parcius punctato, elypeo emarginato, for-
tius marginato, thorace sat punctato, lateribus suberenatis, elytris fortius punctatis haud costatis.
Long. *45.

One female, New York, Mr. Guex. Much smaller than the preceding, but similar
to it in characters; nevertheless, the clypeus and thorax and elytra are more punc-
tured, the scutellum is strongly punctured, and the elytra are not costate, even near
the margin. The pygidium is subtriangular, shining and sparsely punctured. The
breast is very slightly pubescent, and the claws are armed with a small tooth at the

MELOLONTHID OF THE UNITED STATES. 243

middle. The penultimate ventral segment is faintly impressed transversely, and the
last joint is slightly emarginate at tip.

Grovr VI.

In this group we have a species of oblong form, glabrous upper surface, and 10-jointed
antennse; the clypeus is slightly emarginate, the mandibles are but little prominent,
the last joint of the maxillary palpi is distinctly oval, but has no lateral impression.
The thorax is not narrowed at the base, and is hardly serrate on the sides: the upper
spur of the posterior tibiz of the male is fixed, laterally inserted and is oblique, thus
causing the apical portion of the tibize to be emarginate beneath: the upper spur is
flattened and acute: the claws are armed with a short acute tooth at the middle.

14. L. congruwa, fusca, vel pallide castanea, oblonga, convexa, capite dense punctato, clypeo marginato,
late sub-emarginato, thorace brevi sat confertim punctato, linea szepe dorsali indistineto brevi, elytris
rugose punctatis subcostatis, subtus pallide brunnea, vel testacea, pectore dense villoso, antennis flavis.
Long. -65 —-70.

New York, Georgia, and Texas. The pygidium is sparsely but strongly punctured.
Only males are known to me, and in them the club of the antenne is longer than the
stem, the last three segments of the abdomen are broadly and deeply channeled, the
penultimate has a deep posterior longitudinal line, and the last a triangular space
limited each side by a sharply defined edge; the outline of the apex is sinuous, and
has two small lobes at the middle. The inner posterior spur is straight, not shorter
than the outer, but oblique and connate, inserted upon the side, so as to produce a

deep inferior emargination.
Group VII.

Contains a single oblong convex species, which, although glabrous above, is fringed
on the margin with long erect hairs. The head is moderate, the clypeus narrowly
margined, slightly emarginate; the antennz are 10-jointed, the last joint of the
maxillary palpi slender, not impressed. The thorax is not narrowed behind; the
breast is clothed with long dense hair; the inner spur of the posterior tibize of the
male is very long and irregularly bent, the outer one is equally long, but straight
and slender ; the tarsi are long, and the claws armed with a long tooth a little beyond
the middle, so as almost to appear cleft.

15. L. futilis, oblonga convexa, pallide castanea nitida, capite dense punctato, sutura subleevi, clypeo
anguste marginato, antice late emarginato, thorace sat dense punctato, lateribus serratis fimbriatis,
elytris rugose punctatis vix obsolete costatis, margine longe fimbriato, pectore dense longe villoso.
Long. -51—-67.

Lec. Agassiz’ Lake Superior, 226.

Lake Superior, New York, Kansas; only males seen. Body oblong, convex ; head
densely punctured, with an indistinct smooth transverse line about the frontal suture ;
elypeus with narrow reflexed margin, slightly emarginate in front. Thorax one-half
wider than the head, short, tolerably densely, not very coarsely punctured, sides

244 LE CONTE—SYNOPSIS OF THE

rounded, serrate and fimbriate, dorsal line smooth but not very distinct. Seutellum
sparsely punctured. Elytra strongly rugous and punctured, with a faint trace of the
inner dorsal costa, but no outer ones: margin fringed with long erect hairs. Pygidium
convex, sparsely strongly punctured. Breast densely clothed with long yellow hair.

The male has the club of the antennz longer than the stem, the abdomen longi-
tudinally impressed, the penultimate segment with a faint transverse elevation, and
the last segment with a large fovea bounded posteriorly each side by an acute edge
extending to the apex; inner spur of the posterior tibis very long, slightly sigmoid,
dilated into an oblique narrow disc at tip.

As frequently happens, when isolated species are described before the group to
which they belong has been studied, the original description given by me makes no
mention of the most remarkable characters of this species.

Group VIII.

This is the central group of the genus, and contains a large number of species,
which seem in some cases to be so closely allied as to be undistinguishable, thus pre-
senting the phenomenon of races, of which the examples are already so numerous in
this as in every other department of Natural History. The body is glabrous above,
and sometimes pruinose ; the head is small, or moderate in size; the clypeus is more
or less emarginate, thoughin L. serricornis it is entirely rounded, The thorax is
usually gradually broader from tip to base, but sometimes its widest part is at the
middle. The fifth ventral segment is broadly emarginate, and in the male is
variously impressed, while the last of the same sex is widely but not deeply exca-
vated. The ungues are variable in form, even between closely allied species. The
inner spur of the posterior tibize of the male is straight and connate, while in the
female both are free, and not very unequal.

According to the form of the clypeus and the sides of the thorax, the following
division may facilitate the determination of the species :

* Thorax not or hardly serrate, clypeus strongly margined ; - 5 : Sp. 16—21.
** Thorax not or hardly serrate, clypeus finely margined, but more deeply emarginate Sp. 22—30.
Thorax angulated on the sides, strongly serrate, clypeus as in * * : 5 Sp. 831—34,
16. L. fusca, fusco-picea, vel brunnea, subtus seepe ferruginea, capite haud confluenter punctato, glaber-
rimo clypeo parum emarginato, thorace postice latiore, lateribus plus minusve rotundatis, subtilius’
punctato, elytris plus minusve punctatis et rugosis, subcostatis, pygidio parce punctato, pectore flavo-
villoso, antennis pedibusque ferrugineis. Long. -78—-97.

Melolontha fusca Frohlich, Naturf. 26, 99 (1792 ;) 29, 113, tab. 3, fig. 3.

Melolontha quercina Knoch, Neue Beytr. 74, tab. 1, fig. 27, (1801.)

Melolontha fervens Gyll. Schénh. Syn. Ins. App. 74.

Melolontha fervidat Oliv. Ins. 5, 24, tab. 9, fig. 109.

Rhizotrogus fervens Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 182.

Lachnosterna quercina Lec. Agass. Lake Sup. 226.

Ancylonycha quercina Burm. Lamell. 2, 24, 319.

MELOLONTHIDA OF THE UNITED STATES. 945

A very common and through Atlantic America widely extended species, em-
bracing several races, to which, however, no definite characters can be given. The
color varies according to the maturity of the specimen, but usually the whole under
surface is ferruginous ; the last ventral segment of the male has a broad round impres-
sion, and the penultimate is transversely impressed and elevated. The tooth of the
claws of the tarsi in the male of the normal race is one-half shorter than the apical
part ; the club of the antennz isas long as the stem. In the female the club is small,
and the tooth of the claw is as long as the apical portion. The elytra are sometimes
very finely rugous without punctures, sometimes very finely and sometimes quite dis-
tinctly punctured ; the cost are usually obvious. The sides of the thorax are some-
times slightly, sometimes very strongly rounded; the punctures are distinct but not
large nor dense, sometimes a smooth dorsal line is left. The clypeus is usually dis-
tinctly, though slightly emarginate, but in some specimens the undulation is hardly
perceptible.

The principal races are as follows:

a. Body nearly cylindrical, thorax much rounded on the sides; elytra finely and densely punctulate ;
male with long tooth on the ungues. Li, consimilis Lec. Agassiz’ Lake Sup. 226.

B. Body slightly ovate, thorax with the sides oblique and rounded, narrower than the elytra; male with
ungual tooth short.

y. Body ovate, thorax strongly punctured with the sides oblique and rounded, shorter than’ usual, nar-
rower than the elytra, which are strongly punctured. LL. unxia Lec. Agass. Lake Sup. 226. A. brevicollis
Blanch. Cat. Col. Mus. Paris, 132.

6. Thorax narrower than the elytra, almost angulated on the sides, finely sparsely punctured, elytra
moderately punctured ; claws of the nfale with long tooth. A. brevicol/is Burm. Lamell. 2, 2d, 322.

«. Body hardly ovate, thorax slightly narrower than the elytra, much rounded on the sides, elytra dis-
tinctly and sometimes strongly punctured ; claws of-male with along tooth. Ancylonycha puncticollis
Blanch. Cat. Col. Mus. Par. 133.

n. Larger, body subeylindrical, thorax yery much rounded on the sides, elytra finely and densely rugu-
lose and slightly punctulate. Male with a long tooth on the claws. hizotrogus Drakii Kirby, Fauna
Bor. Am. 133.

Ancyl. profunda and uniformis Blanch. Cat. Col. Mus. Paris 152, 155,
which are considered by Burmeister to be varieties of this species, appear by descrip-
tion so different that I am not warranted in so placing them, though the characters
given are not such as to enable them to be distinctly recognized. The first mentioned
is perhaps allied to L. Knochii.

A male specimen from Wisconsin, belonging by form and sculpture to y, shows a
remarkable sexual peculiarity in the penultimate abdominal segment, the elevation on
which is very sharply defined and quite curved; in all the other males I have seen

the elevation is straight, although sometimes very slightly emarginate.

17. L.cephalica, fusco-ferruginea, conyexa, oblongo-ovata, nitida, capite haud confluenter punctato,

utrinque parce breyiter piloso, clypeo parum emarginato, thorace antrorsum angustato fortius haud
63

246 LE CONTE.—SYNOPSIS OF THE

dense punctato, lateribus modic2 rotundatis, elytris subcostatis fortius punctatis, pygidio parce punc-
tato, pectore longe villoso, unguiculis dente mediocri armatis. Long. -69.

One specimen found at Fort Riley by Mr. de Vésey. This species has nearly the
form of the common varieties of the preceding, but the punctures of the head, espe-
cially towards the side, support short erect hairs; the punctures of the thorax are
stronger than usual in that species, and those of the elytra are not dense but strongly
marked.

The antenne are yellow, and the club of the male is a little longer than the stem;
the abdomen is broadly impressed longitudinally, and the penultimate segment has an
obtuse transverse elevation at the middle; the moveable spur of the posterior tibie is
more slender than in L. fusca; the tooth of the claws is one-half the length of the
apical portion.

18. L. decidua, fuseo-ferruginea, convexa, oblongo-cylindrica, nitida, capite densius haud confluenter
punctato, utrinque pube decidua erecta parce vestito, clypeo haud emarginato, thorace a medio antror-
sum angustato, lateribus magis rotundatis longe fimbriatis subserratis, fortius haud dense punctato,
elytris subcostatis densius punctatis, longe fimbriatis, pygidio parce punctato, pectore densissime villoso,
unguiculis dente mediocri armatis. Long. -6—-65.

New York, Mr. Guex. This species and the preceding are nearly related, but the
present is more cylindrical in form, with the thorax more rounded on the sides, fringed
with long hairs, and narrowed only before the middle: the clypeus is also longer, not
emarginate, and more closely punctured ; and the elytra are finely and densely pune-
tured. The hairs of the head are sometimes rubbed off, in which case the specimen
assumes the appearance very nearly of L. sororia, but may be known by the long hairs
of the sides of the thorax and elytra; the sexual characters are precisely as in the
preceding.

19. L. sororia, elongata, subcylindrica, paulo ovata, fusco-castanea, obsolete pruinosa, capite antice dense
postice parcius punctato, clypeo latius reflexo yix emarginato, thorace lateribus antice rotundatis parce
fortius punctato, elytris fortius minus dense punctatis, subcostatis, pygidio parce punctato, pectore longe
flavo-villoso, pedibus castaneis, unguiculis dente longo ( Q ) vel brevi (6) armatis. Long. -63.

Middle and Southern States, rare: of somewhat the same form as L. fraterna
and L. cognata, but more cylindrical, differing by the less emarginate but more
strongly margined clypeus, and by the sparse punctuation of the head. Care must
be taken not to confound it with a species (L. rufiola) kaving 9-jointed antennex,
which although resembling it entirely in form and sculpture, differs by the outer spur
of the posterior tibize being less slender, and by the pygidium (of the female) being
somewhat conoidal. Body above dark reddish brown, very slightly pruinose, cylin-
drical, a little dilated behind. Head moderately punctured, front densely punctured,
Clypeus with reflexed margin, very slightly emarginate. Thorax not twice as wide
as the head, about twice as wide as long, sides not serrate, converging slightly from
the base, but only broadly rounded, especially before the middle, surface equably but

i t see oe eee

MELOLONTHID® OF THE UNITED STATES. 247

sparsely and strongly punctured. Elytra sparsely and strongly punctured, with in-
distinct costae. Pygidium triangular, with rounded angles, convex, sparsely punctured.
Breast clothed with long yellowish hair; legs ferruginous.

The male has the club of the antennz one-half longer than the stem: the abdomen
broadly impressed from the base to the fifth joint, which has a very faint transverse
impression ; the last segment is convex in both sexes. The tooth of the claws is

smaller in the male than the female.

20. L. micans, nigro-fusca, cinereo-pruinosa, oblongo-oyata, convexa, capite antice confluenter, postice
sat dense punctato, clypeo latius reflexo vix emarginato, thorace antrorsum angustato, fortiter haud
dense punctato, elytris costatis fortius punctatis, pygidio sat punctato, pectore longe flavo-villoso, pedi-
bus castaneis, unguiculis dente longo ( 2 ) vel brevi (% ) armatis. Jong. -65.

Melolontha micans Knoch, Neue Beytr. 77.
Ancylonycha micans Blanch. Cat. Col. Mus. Paris, 138 ; Burm. Lamell. 2, 2nd, 322.

Middle States, not rare. The club of the antennx in the male is as long as the
stem; the middle of the abdomen is broadly impressed for the whole length, and the
penultimate segment has a slightly curved transverse elevation ; the tooth of the claws
is one-half as long as the apical portion, while in the female there is but little differ-
ence in length.

Mr. Blanchard places A. micans among the species having nine joints in the an-
tenne. ‘

21. L. serricornis, supra testaceo-rufa, subtus fusca, oblongo-ovata, convexa, nitida, capite thoraceque
obscurioribus, illo dense punctato, clypeo integro tenue marginato, thorace lateribus rotundatis ciliatis,
minus dense punctato, elytris fortius punctatis subcostatis, pectore longe villoso, unguiculis dente

elongato armatis, antennis articulis 3—7 sensim latioribus. Long. -60.

One female found at Coney Island, near New York. Body oblong slightly ovate,
convex ; head dark reddish brown, densely punctured, clypeus rounded finely margined ;
thorax a little paler than the head and one-half wider than it, convex, rounded on
the sides, which are sparsely ciliate, strongly but not densely punctured. Elytra
paler yellowish brown, more coarsely punctured than the head and thorax, convex,
with the sutural costa narrow, and the others slightly visible. Propygidium finely
punctured, and pubescent at the upper half, then glabrous and more sparsely but
coarsely punctured: pygidium strongly punctured, rounded. Beneath fuscous, pectus
clothed with long yellow hair; abdomen pubescent and punctured at the sides; penulti-
mate segment with a coarsely punctured vague transverse impression; last segment
coarsely punctured, convex, bisinuate at tip.

22. L. semicribrata, elongata, testaceo-ferruginea, nitida, capite dense punctato, clypeo emarginato,
tenue marginato, thorace lateribus rotundatis ante basin latiore, diseo parce grosse punctato, spatio levi
utrinque relicto, elytris rugose punctatis vix costatis, pectore breviter parce villoso, unguiculis dente
(2) magno armatis. Long. -58,

One female from Georgia? Nearly of the form of a Cyclocephala, but presenting all

248 LE CONTE.—SYNOPSIS OF THE

the characters of the present genus. Body uniform shining brownish red; head flat,
densely punctured in front, convex and less densely on the vertex, with the occiput
smooth ; clypeus finely margined, moderately emarginate ; antennz pale, 10-jointed.
Thorax about one-half wider than the head, nearly twice as wide as long, much
rounded on the sides, narrowed in front, and somewhat narrowed towards the base ;
moderately convex, with large scattered punctures along the sides, margins and middle,
leaving a space each side in front free from punctures. Elytra hardly wider than the
thorax, rugosely punctured in front, sparsely punctured behind, with the sutural ridge
very strong, but the dorsal ones obsolete. Pygidium very sparsely punctulate. Breast
clothed with very short hair. Abdomen convex, smooth in the middle, punctured
at the sides, especially the penultimate segment: the latter impressed. transversely
at the middle towards the posterior margin. Tibize not at all hairy; spurs of posterior
tibixe equal, slender ; ungues armed with a long tooth.

25. L.lugubris, tota nigro-picea, nitida, subovata convexa, clypeo emarginato, capite antice confertim

postice convexo et parce punctato, thorace lateribus rotundatis, ante basin sublatiore, parce fortiter
punctato spatio transverso antico levi, elytris subtiliter punctatis vix obsolete costatis, pygidio parce
punctulato, pectore breviter villoso, unguiculis (¢ ) dente longo armatis. Long. +62.

Two females from New York. More ovate and less slender than the preceding,
entirely of a blackish brown, almost black above and shining. Head flat and densely
punctured in front, convex and sparsely punctured behind, clypeus finely margined,
emarginate ; thorax twice as wide as the head, fully twice as wide as long, rounded
on the sides, shghtly narrowed at the base, sparsely and coarsely punctured, with a
transverse smooth space before the middle. Elytra a little wider than the thorax,
finely punctured ; each puncture supports a very minute hair; the sutural costa is very
strong, and there are some faint traces of the dorsal ones. Propygidium nearly smooth,
pygidium finely sparsely punctulate. Breast with short not dense yellowish hair.
Abdomen convex, smooth in the middle, finely punctured at the sides, but more
coarsely on the two last segments, penultimate joint margined behind at the middle.

24. L.cognata, supra fusca, vel nigro-fusca, subtus ferruginea nitida, oblonga, clypeo emarginato,
capite dense punctato, thorace lateribus rotundatis, postice perparum angustato, fortius subaequaliter
punctato, elytris punctatis rugosis subcostatis, pygidio parce punctato, pectore flayo-villoso, unguicu-
lis dente longo armatis. Longo. -60—-72.

? Ancylonycha cognata Burm. Lamell. 2, 2d, 323.

Common in the Middle and Southern States. The only satisfactory difference I
find between this and the next species is in the form of the thorax, which is here
much more rounded on the sides, and slightly narrowed at the base. The other dif-
ferences noted by Burmeister, such as the greater concavity cf the clypeus, the longer
hair of the pectus, and the finer punctures of the pygidium I do not find constant ;

but fearing not to possess his species I have placed a query to the reference.

MELOLONTHID® OF THE UNITED STATES. 249

The punctures of the thorax are variable, being sometimes strong and scattered, at
others finer and more numerous, but there is never any distinct smooth dorsal line.
The punctures of the elytra support very small hairs ; the sides of the abdomen are
punctured, more distinctly on the last two segments; in the male the last one is
foveate, and the penultimate impressed in the middle, and the anterior segments are
slightly flattened; the club of the antenn is not longer than the stem.

25. L. fraterna, nigro-fusca, vel piceo-nigra, oblonga nitida, pedibus castaneis, capite dense punctato,
clypeo anguste marginato, emarginato, thorace antrorsum angustato, lateribus obliquis late rotundatis,
fortius insequaliter punctato, linea dorsali levi, elytris punctatis rugosis, subcostatis, pygidio parce
punctato, peetore griseo-villoso, unguiculis dente longo armatis. Long. -60—-70.

Phyllophaga fraterna Harris, Ins. Injurious to Vegetation, Ist ed. 29; 2d, 28.

Ancylonycha fraterna Blanch. Cat. Col. Mus. Paris, 153 (syn. excl.) ; Burm. Lamell. 2, 2d, 322.

Middle, Eastern and Southern States, abundant, as far west as Kansas. The sexual
characters are precisely as in the preceding, except that the penultimate ventral seg-
ment is more deeply impressed; the punctures of the elytra also support very small
hairs. I have not observed any well marked races in the species, though individual
differences occur in the size and closeness of the punctures of the thorax.

26. L. lutescens, rufo-testacea, oblongo-ovata convexa nitida, capite obscuriore confertim punctato,
clypeo emarginato, thorace fortiter parce punctato, rufescente, antrorsum angustato, lateribus magis
rotundatis, elytris subtilius punctatis subcostatis, pygidio vix punctulato, pectore longo flayo-villoso,
unguiculis dente longo armatis. Long. -59.

One male from Georgia. Related by sculpture to the two preceding, but apart
from color, it differs by the head being not confluently punctured, and by the thorax being
more convex. The club of the antenne of the male is as long as the stem; the penul-
timate ventral segment is impressed with a slight oblique elevation each side of the
impression, the last segment is deeply foveate, and the anterior ones longitudinally
impressed, the last two segments are punctured, but the pygidium is only very finely
punctured, and the propygidium is smooth.

27. L. corrosa, castanea, oblonga, antice angustior, capite nigricante, dense confluenter punctato, clypeo
tenue marginato, emarginato, thorace rude sat dense punctato, linea dorsali sublzevi, lateribus serratis
parce fimbriatis, elytris subtilius punctatis, vix costatis, pectore brevius flavo-villoso, tibiis posticis cal-
caribus elongatis, unguiculis dente acuto longo armatis. Long. ‘77.

Texas ; two males collected by Mr. A. Schott, of the U. S. and Mexican Boundary
Survey. Body oblong, narrower in front, shining reddish brown. Head dark piceous,
very densely, confluently punctured, clypeus emarginate, with a narrow reflexed
margin. Thorax about one-half wider than the head, scarcely one-half wider than
long, obliquely narrowed in front, and very slightly so behind; sides serrate, sparsely
fimbriate; covered with large punctures, sometimes confluent, with an indistinct

smooth dorsal line. Elytra more finely punctured, with faint traces of dorsal coste ;
64

250 LE CONTE.—SYNOPSIS OF THE

propygidium finely, pygidium strongly sparsely punctured. Breast clothed with
rather short yellow hair.

Male with the club of the antenne a little shorter than the stem; the abdomen
slightly flattened in the middle, the penultimate segment with an obtuse rough trans-
verse elevation near the tip, the last segment with a triangular excavation deeper at
the apex; spurs of the posterior tibize long, slender, acute and nearly equal, the inner
one fixed, and a little shorter.

28. L. caleeata, obscure castanea, antice angustior, capite dense confluenter punctato, clypeo tenue
marginato, emarginato, thorace rude subconfluenter punctato, linea dorsali levi, lateribus vix serratis
parce fimbriatis, elytris rugose punctatis, subcostatis, pectore flavo-villoso, antennis leete flavis, tibiis
posticis (maris) calcare interno lato brevi, unguiculis dente acuto armatis. Long. °75.

One male, Texas, Mr. H. Haldeman. Remarkable for the characters of the poste-
rior tibiz and tarsi, though otherwise allied to the preceding. Body oblong, slightly
narrowed in front, dark reddish brown. Head very densely punctured, clypeus emar-
ginate, with the margin narrowly reflexed. Thorax more than one-half wider than
the head, short, coarsely and subconfluently punctured, with various small spaces
smooth; punctures smaller and more dense towards the apex, which is broadly foveate
each side; dorsal line smooth entire; sides hardly serrate, obtusely angulated, slightly
fimbriate. Scutellum with two groups of punctures. Elytra not shining, rugosely
punctured, with mederately distinct coste, margin slightly fringed ; pygidium sparsely
punctured, slightly flattened at the middle. Breast clothed with rather short but
dense yellow hair. Abdomen punctured; claws armed with an acute moderate sized
tooth at the middle.

The male has the club of the antenne as long as the stem; the abdomen broadly
concave, the penultimate with a deep posterior medial line, and two rough transverse
elevations near the anterior margin; the last segment is very broadly excavated ; the
inner spur of the posterior tibize is very short, broad, flat, obtuse and concave, the
outer one is long, flattened, and somewhat acute ; the first joint of the posterior tarsi
is yery much thickened and produced externally.

From the peculiar sexual characters I am inclined to believe that this should be
separated as a group, but not knowing the female, I cannot indicate any distinctive
characters applicable to both sexes. :

29. L. marginalis, oblongo-ovata, convexa, testaceo-rufa vel fusco-picea, nitida, pedibus castaneis
capite densissime punctato, clypeo tenuiter marginato, emarginato, thorace punctis magnis vagis

inaequaliter sitis, spatio levi utrinque relicto, elytris rugosis punctatis, costa submarginali fere integra,
pygidio fortiter punctato, pectore flavo-villoso, unguiculis dente magno armatis. Long. -10—’80.

New York. Nearly of the same form as L. fraterna, but differing by many charac-
ters. The color is entirely bright reddish-brown, or else blackish-brown with the
legs and antennw red: the head is sculptured as in L. fraterna: thorax not twice as
wide as the head, twice as wide as long, narrowed from the base, rounded on the sides,

, sa
ee Pe eee ae | ale

MELOLONTHID OF THE UNITED STATES, 251

sparsely covered with large punctures so placed as leave a large smooth space each
side of the middle. Elytra gradually widened behind, rugose and punctured, with
the usual faint coste, and a strongly marked submarginal one, extending nearly to
the base. Propygidium sparsely, towards the tip strongly punctured ; pygidium
strongly punctured; abdomen punctured, more faintly in the middle ; pectus clothed
with moderately long yellow hair.

The male has the club of the antenne longer than the stem; the abdomen flattened
in the middle; the penultimate segment with a semicircular curved elevation, and
middle fovea, and the last segment with a longitudinal broad furrow. The abdomen

‘of the female is almost uniformly punctured, the punctures of the last two segments

being stronger; the pygidium is triangular, and slightly conical at tip, while in the
male it is broader and convex. .

This species is remarkable for the length of the submarginal elytral costa, which
in most species is seen only near the apex.
30. L. obesa, ovata, convexa, castanea nitida, capite dense punctato, clypeo haud confluenter punctato,

reflexo, late emarginato, thorace sat dense punctato, lateribus valde rotundatis, elytris fortius punctatis
?

subeostatis, pectore flavo-villoso, antennis flavis, unguiculis dente mediocri armatis. Long. -72.

Texas, Mr. H. Haldeman. Shorter and more ovate in form than the others of this
eroup. Head densely, clypeus less densely punctured, the latter moderately margined,
in front broadly emarginate. Thorax nearly twice as wide as the head, short, convex,
tolerably densely, but almost finely punctured; sides very much rounded, serrate,
slightly fimbriate. Scutellum sparsely punctured, middle smooth. LElytra dilated
behind, strongly punctured, with very faint traces of dorsal coste, pygidium sparsely
punctured. Breast clothed with yellowish hair. Abdomen punctured at the sides ;
claws with an acute tooth just within the middle.

Male with the club of the antenne as long as the stem; the abdomen broadly
flattened at the middle, with the anal fovea broad, extending from the last upon the
penultimate segment, which has a slight curved transverse elevation ; posterior tibize
with the inner spur one-half shorter than the outer, fixed, straight; pygidium
transverse, slightly convex.

Female with the spurs of the posterior tibie nearly equal, flattened, but not broad ;
pygidium triangular, obtusely protuberant near the tip.

31. L. prunina, atro-purpurea, oblongo-ovata convexa, capite densissime punctato, clypeo anguste mar-
ginato, emarginato, thorace lateribus serratis subangulatis, postice vix angustato, sat dense fortiter
punctato, elytris pruinosis, parce punctatis, subcostatis, pygidio nitido fortiter punctato, pectore parum
piloso, unguiculis dente longo armatis. Long. -70.

Ancylonycha pruinosa|| Mels. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 2, 140.
One specimen from Cleveland, Ohio, Dr. Kirtland; found in Alabama according to

Melsheimer. Resembles in appearance L. micans, but differs very greatly in its

bo
or

59 LE CONTE.—SYNOPSIS OF THE

characters. The thorax is shining, and the punctures are equally distributed ; the
sides are somewhat serrate, and behind the middle are nearly parallel; the pygidium
is coarsely punctured, the propygidium is nearly smooth, with a few punctures as
usual at the margin. The abdomen (of the female) is convex, punctured and pubes-
cent at the sides, more deeply on the last two segments; the last one has a triangular
flattened impression at the middle; the pectus is thinly clothed with fine short
yellowish hair; the tibize are dark brown, and the tarsi paler. Burmeister, not having
seen this species, places it as identical with L. micans.

32. L. rugosa, ferrugineo-fusca (vel fusco-nigra) oblonga, conyexa nitida, capite densissime punctato,
clypeo tenue marginato, emarginato, thorace lateribus fere angulatis, postice subangustato, confertim
sat fortiter punctato, linea dorsali levi, elytris punctatis rugosis subcostatis, pygidio parce punctato,
pectore breviter villoso, unguiculis dente longo armatis. Long. ‘80—-85.

Aneylonycha rugosa Mels. Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. 2,140; Burm. Lamell. 2, 2nd, 328.

Two specimens from Platte River. According to the authors quoted, it is found in
Virginia and Pennsylvania. The propygidium is finely and sparsely punctured; the
sides of the abdomen are finely punctured, with the punctures larger on the penulti-
mate segment.

In the male the club of the antenne is as long as the stem; the abdomen is
flattened in the middle; the penultimate segment has a deep transverse impression,
and each side of it an oblique elevation ; the last segment has a broad reniform im-
pression, and the pygidium is broad and obtusely rounded.

In the female the abdomen is convex, the last segment is sparsely punctured, and
deeply squarely emarginate; the penultimate segment has a posterior deep tranverse

impression ; and the pygidium is triangular.

33. L. affinis, fusco-ferruginea, oblonga, convexa, nitida, capite thoraceque obscurioribus, illo confer-
tissime punctato, clypeo tenue marginato, emarginato, thorace grosse punctato, linea dorsali leevi, late-
ribus fortiter serratis angulatis, postice subangustato, elytris punctulatis vix costatis, pygidio parce
punctato, pectore breviter villoso, unguiculis dente magnoarmatis. Long. -73.

One male, upper Missouri, Dr. F. V. Hayden. Closely related to the preceding,
but the thorax is shorter, more narrowed in front, and strongly serrate on the sides :
the elytra are smoother, not rugose, with finer punctures.

The club of the antennae is shorter than the stem; the last segment of the abdomen
is broadly foveate and the penultimate segment is broadly impressed, with a straight
transverse obtuse elevation.

34. L. Kuochii, fusco-ferruginea, capite thoraceque obscurioribus, illo densissime punctato, elypeo
tenuiter marginato, emarginato, thorace rude confluenter punctato, lateribus angulatis fortiter serratis,
postice angustato, elytris confertim punctato-rugosis vix costatis, pygidio punctato, pectore breviter
pubescente, unguiculis dente magne armatis. Long. -90.

Melolontha Knochit Gyll. Schéuh.sSyn. Ins. App. 75.
Aneylonycha Knochti Blanch. Cat. Col. Mus. Paris, 133; Burm. Lamell. 2, 2d, 325.

ee. eS pe Lie". ae, ee ia. eo

hill aaa |

MELOLONTHIDH OF THE UNITED STATES. 253

Middle and Southern States, rare. The pygidium of the female is subtriangular
but not conoidal; the punctures are more sparse towards the apex; the sides of the
abdomen are punctured, and the penultimate segment has a strongly transverse im-
pression at the middle. The male is unknown to me, but the penultimate ventral
segment is described by Burmeister as having no transverse elevation, but a deep
impression.

Group IX.

The group contains a number of large oblong species having the upper surface
pubescent. The head is moderate in size, with the clypeus emarginate, not broadly
margined ; the thorax is broadest at the middle, and more or less narrowed towards
the base. The antennx are 10-jointed; the breast is clothed with hair. The ungues
are toothed at the middle, but the tooth is as long as the apical portion, so that the
form appears almost cleft. The spurs of the posterior tibia are straight, and the
inner one is fixed in the male; the penultimate ventral segment of the male is trans-
versely impressed, while the last joint is broadly foveate.

35. L. ilicis , glauco-fusca, subpruinosa, supra pube brevi subdep-essa cinerea vestita, thorace confluenter

grosse punctato, medio subcarinato, elytris dense rugulosis et punctulatis, costis dorsalibus nullis, mar-
gine longe fimbriato, pectore breviter villoso. Long. -88—1:0.

Melolontha ilic’s Knoch, Neue Beytr. 75, tab. 1, fig. 28.

Melolontha porcina Heutz, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 3, 253, tab. 2, fig. 4.

Ancylonycha ilicis Blanch. Cat. Col. Mus. Paris, 1, 183; (nec. Burm. Lamell. 2, 2d, 326.)

Ancylonycha fimbriata Burm. ibid.

Common in the Middle and Southern States; according to the maturity of the
specimen the color varies from blackish fuscous to reddish brown, but the glaucous
lustre is always distinct in well preserved specimens, and the legs are ferruginous. In
the male the club of the antenne is as long as the remaining portion; the hair above
is finer and less dense, but the hair on the breast is a little longer than in the female ;
the penultimate ventral segment is deeply transversely impressed, and the last joint
marked with a broad round impression.

The present species agrees with the figure and description of Knoch, and is also found
as the type in Dr. Melsheimer’s collection. That described by Burmeister is some-
thing different, and has not yet fallen under my notice: it differs by the finer and
more depressed pubescence ; by the hair on the breast being scarcely longer (even in the
male) than that on the abdomen, and by the pygidium being coarsely punctured with
a smooth middle space; in the present species the punctures are scattered, gradually
less numerous towards the tip.

36. L. ciliata, fusca, (abdominis lateribus solis pruinosa), pube suberect: fulva brevi dense vestita,
thorace confluenter grosse punctato, subcarinato, elytris dense rugulosis et punctulatis, subcostatis, pilis

longioribus intermixtis preecipue in vittis tribus positis, margine longe fimbriato, pectore breviter piloso.

Long. 1:0.
65

bo
Or
=

LE CONTE.—SYNOPSIS OF THE

One female from Georgia and another Missouri. Of the same size, form and sculp-
ture as the preceding, but differing not only by the color of the pubscence, but by its
texture ; the hair is short erect and brownish yellow; it is uniform on the thorax, but
on the elytra many longer hairs are intermixed, which on looking obliquely back-
wards, are seen to be arranged chiefly in three vitte, although there are some scattered
ones especially externally: the margin is fringed as in the preceding with long hair.
The sides of the abdomen under the elytra are slightly pruinose; the punctures
of the pygidium are larger and more distant than in L. ilicis. The legs are ferru-
ginous.

37. L. subtonsa, fusca, supra pube brevi suberecta fulva eequaliter vestita, thorace confluenter dense
punctato subcarinato, elytris dense rugulosis vix obsolete costatis ; pectore longius villoso. Long. °82.
One male found at New York, and kindly given me by Mr. Guex. This species
has the form and sculpture of the preceding, but the pubescence is entirely uniform,
and the margin of the elytra is not fringed with long hair. The pygidium is moder-
ately coarsely punctured, with the punctures more distant at the middle. The legs
are dark brown: the hair on the breast is moderately long, and the sexual charac-
ters are precisely as in L, ilicis.
38. L. hirticula, fusco-ferruginea, pilis erectis longis flavis, in elytris vittatim positis parce vestita,

thorace cribratim punctato, elytris rugose punctatis haud costatis, pectore longe villoso. Long. -65—:75,
Melolontha hirticula Knoch, Neue Beytr. 79.

Melolontha hirsutat Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. Phil. 3, 243.

Phyllophaga hirticula Harris, Ins. Inj. Veget. 2d ed. 28.

Melolontha hirticula Burm. Lamell. 2, 2d, 327.

Very abundant in the Atlantic States. The hairs on the elytra form a vitta near
the suture, three discoidal ones, and a marginal fringe. The pygidium is glabrous and
sparsely punctured. The club of the antennze of the male is as long as the stem, the
middle of the abdomen is flattened, and the inner posterior spur is fixed.

Group X.

This group contains species having the characters of those of the two last, except
that the antenne have only nine joints (the seventh being obliterated ;) the third,
fourth and fifth are equal in length, and connate ; the sixth is slightly produced inter-
nally. The tooth of the ungues varies according to the species.

One species is sparsely pilose, others have a few hairs on the front, while the
rest are glabrous: the thorax is never narrowed at the base.

39. L. hirsuta, piceo-ferruginea, oblonga nitida, capite confertim punctato, clypeo marginato, emarginato,
thorace fortius minus dense, elytris rugose punctatis, pilis longis flavis erectis minus dense vestita,
pygidio fortius punctato, piloso ; pectore longe villoso, unguiculis dente longo armatis. Long. -67—‘72.

Melolontha hirsuta Knoch, Neue Beytr. 78. 2 €
Aneylonycha hirsuta Blanch. Cat. Col. Mus. Paris (gyn. excl.) 188.

MELOLONTHID OF THE UNITED STATES,

ho
or
Or

Middle and Southern States. The pygidium is sparsely punctured; the legs and
antenne are bright ferruginous; the club of the antennz of the male is a little longer
than the stem; the middle of the abdomen of the male is broadly depressed, the last
joint is marked with a broad shallow fovea, and the penultimate has a transverse
obtuse elevation; in the female the last mentioned joint is strongly transversely
impressed at the middle, and has anterior to the impression a small elevation.

40. L. balia, elongata, cylindrica, fusca nitida, elytris castaneis densius punctatis haud costatis, capite
confertim punctato, hirto, clypeo marginato late emarginato, thorace disperse inaequaliter punctato,
lateribus rotundatis, pygidio fortius punctato, pectore longe villoso, unguiculis dente longo armatis.
Long. °66.

Melolontha balia Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. 5, 191.

Ancylonycha comata Burm, Lamell. 2, 2d, 337.

One male from New York, Mr. Guex. This species has nearly the form, sculpture
and sexual characters of the preceding, but there are no hairs on the upper surface
except between the eyes. From the next species it differs by its more cylindrical

form, more sparsely punctured thorax, and by the more strongly margined and less
emarginate clypeus.

41. L. vilifrons, castanea, capite thoraceque obscurioribus, illo confertim punctato, pilis erectis hirto,
clypeo emarginato, tenue marginato, thorace parum convexo, antrorsum angustato, lateribus obtuse sub-
angulatis, sat punctato, elytris minus convexis subtilius confertim punctatis haud costatis, pectore longe
flavo-villoso, unguiculis dente longo armatis. Long. -60.

One male found at Lake Superior. Body oblong, less convex than usual, reddish
brown, darker on the head and thorax. Head strongly and closely punctured, with
erect yellowish hairs proceding from the punctures; clypeus finely margined, and
deeply emarginate. Thorax nearly twice as wide as the head, less than twice as wide
as its length, obtusely angulated at the middle of the sides, narrowed in front, but
not behind, strongly but not densely punctured, with the sides partly ciliate, and
towards the base slightly serrate. Scuteilum with two groups of punctures. Elytra
finely and closely punctured, slightly rugous, with the sutural ridge narrow, and the
others (even the submarginal,) entirely wanting; propygidium and pygidium punc-
tured. Abdomen shining, sparsely punctured, breast clothed with long yellow hair.
Male with the club of the antenne one third longer than the stem; penultimate ven-
tral segment slightly impressed, and rugous at the middle ; last segment with a chan-
nel in the middle of the broad impression.

42. L. hirticeps, testaceo-rufa, subovata conyexa, capite thoraceque obscurioribus, illo fortiter densius
punctato parce hirto, fronte foveata, clypeo emarginato tenue marginato, thorace convexo, lateribus
rotundatis subrepandis parce ciliatis, inequaliter fortiter parcius punctato, elytris fortius punctatis,

costa suturali angusta, reliquis nullis, pygidio (feminze) conico, pectore modice yilloso, unguiculis dente

elongato armatis. Long. -92. -
fr

256 LE CONTE.—SYNOPSIS OF THE

One female, Georgia. Allied by characters to L. villifrons, but the form is more
convex, the punctures of the thorax are more distant, and those of the elytra less fine.
Body oblong ovate convex, bright yellowish brown inclining to reddish, darker on the
head and thorax. Head strongly and thickly punctured, sparsely pilose, with a slight
fovea at the middle of the front; clypeus emarginate finely margined. Thorax one-
half wider than the head, convex, rounded on the sides, which are almost entire and
but sparsely ciliate; dise covered unequally with tolerably large sparse punctures,
leaving an indistinct smooth anterior space each side. Elytra slightly dilated behind,
convex, tolerably strongly punctured, with the sutural costa narrow elevated, and the
others completely wanting. Propygidium distinctly, not densely punctured ; pygidium
conical, with scattered large punctures, slightly prominent and nearly smooth at tip.
Abdomen sparsely punctured at the sides and tip; penultimate segment with a trans-
verse short plica and impression at the middle; last segment hardly emarginate.
Pectus clothed with moderately long yellow hair; claws with the tooth as long as the
apical portion.

45. L. nitida, fusca, oblonga, convexa, pernitida, pedibus antennisque castancis, capite fortiter punctato,
canaliculato, clypeo densius punctato, marginato, emarginato, thorace lateribus rotundatis parce sub-
tilius punctato (fovea utrinque versus latera impresso), elytris minus dense punctatis, subcostatis, pygzidio
parce punctato (feminas conico,) pectore longe villoso, unguiculis dente longo armatis. Long. 82.

One female from Georgia. Of the size and proportions of L. fusca but more oblong
and convex, dark brown, very shining. Head strongly punctured, with a medial
abbreviated furrow; clypeus densely punctured, emarginate, with the margin reflexed.
Thorax nearly twice as wide as the head, more than twice as wide as long,
regularly rounded on the sides, which are sparsely ciliate, but not at all serrate; disc
finely and distantly punctured, (with a fovea, perhaps accidental, towards each side.)
Scutellum entirely smooth. Elytra not densely but distinctly punctured, with the
sutural ridge narrow, and the other ridges visible, though not much elevated. Pro-
pygidium and pygidium sparsely punctured, the latter conical and protuberant
towards the tip. Abdomen sparsely punctured at the sides and tip, penultimate seg-
ment with a faint transverse impression at the middle. Breast somewhat densely
clothed with yellowish hair. Antenna and legs bright castaneous; claws with a
tooth as long as the apical portion.

44, L.rufiola, castaneo-rufa, oblonga convexa, nitida, capite fortiter minus dense punctato, clypeo
emarginato, reflexo, thorace lateribus rotundatis integris parce ciliatis, fortiter parce punctato, elytris
fortius punctatis, subcostatis, costa laterali evidentiore, pectore parce breviter villoso, unguiculis dente
longulo armatis. Long. -63.

One female, Georgia. Body oblong, convex, pale reddish brown. Head strongly
but not densely punctured, punctures more close in front; clypeus reflexed, slightly but
distinctly emarginate. ‘Thorax hardly one half wider than the head, short; sides

rounded not serrate, sparsely ciliate; dise convex, deeply but not very coarsely punc-

MELOLONTHID® OF THE UNITED STATES. 257

tured, punctures somewhat sparse. LElytra tolerably strongly punctured, slightly

rugous, with the sutural costa narrow and elevated; the discoidal ones may be traced,

and the submarginal one is very distinct, and somewhat elevated behind the middle.

Pygidium of the female conical, not very prominent at tip, smooth, with a few large

punctures at base. Pectus clothed thinly with short hair. Abdomen sparsely strongly

punctured at the sides and apex; penultimate segment slightly impressed transversely
each side; last segment deeply emarginate and ciliate at tip.

Care must be taken not to confound this species with L. glaberrima above described ;
the female of the latter has almost precisely the same form, color and sculpture, it is how-
ever not so convex ; the punctures of the clypeus are as distant as those of the head,
and the pygidium is closely punctured and not conical; the antennz are 10-jointed,
though by the consolidation of the articulations this fact is to be recognized by there
being two nodiform joints next the club; and finally the last point of the maxillary
palpi are externally impressed.

45. L. robusta, oblonga, convexa, castaneo-rufa, obsolete pruinosa, capite densius punctato, clypeo mar-
ginato, vix obsolete emarginato, thorace sat dense punctato, linea media leyi, lateribus serratis, elytris
fortiter sat dense punctatis subcostatis, pygidio (femine) conico, pectore dense villoso, unguiculis dente
longo armatis. Jong. -92.

One female, from Kansas near the Rocky Mountains. More robust than the other
species of this division, but hardly ovate, convex, brownish red; head and breast
darker. Head strongly and densely punctured, with the clypeus margined, but
searcely emarginate. Thorax scarcely one-half wider than the head, short, less densely
punctured than the head, with a smooth dorsal line not reaching the apex, sides
rounded in front, somewhat serrate, sparsely ciliate. Elytra more coarsely punctured
than the thorax, slightly rugous, very slightly pruinose, sutural costa broad, and the
others slightly marked. Propygidium naked, punctured ; pygidium conical, shining,
sparsely but coarsely punctured, apex protuberant, subtruncate. Abdomen paler than
the upper surface, punctured at the sides and tip ; last segment flattened in the middle
and broadly emarginate at tip; penultimate not impressed. Breast densely pilose ;

ungues with a long tooth.

Grove XI.

A group containing a single glabrous species having the antenne 9-jointed, with
the joints of the stem short and serrate, the third fourth and fifth as usual consoli-
dated, but with distinct inner angles. The clypeus is rounded and broadly reflexed.
The last joint of the maxillary palpi is cylindrical, the mandibles are only slightly
prominent. The sixth joint of the abdomen is shorter than in the first groups, though
not so short as in the following ones. The spur of the posterior tibie of the male
is fixed; the tooth of the claws is medial and short ; the pectus is only very thinly

clothed with hair.
66

258 LE CONTE.—SYNOPSIS* OF THE

46. L. integra, eylindrico-oblonga, rufo-testacea, nitida, capite sat dense, clypeo fere parcius punctato,
rotundato, reflexo, thorace fortiter minus dense punctato, lateribus rotundatis, elytris rugosis fortius
punctatis subcostatis, pygidio parce punctato, ad apicem subtruncato, pectore parce villoso, unguiculis
dente parvo armatis. Long. -60.

One male, Georgia. Body cylindrical oblong, almost uniform rufo-testaceous,
shining. Ilead strongly punctured, a little less densely on the clypeus, which is
rounded and strongly reflexed. Thorax about twice as wide as the head, rounded on
the sides, strongly but not densely punctured. Elytra coarsely and moderately
densely punctured, with the sutural costa narrow, and the others limited by indistinct
strix. Propygidium very finely and sparsely punctulate; pygidium sparsely strongly
punctured, convex, triangular, subtruncate at tip. Breast thinly clothed with short
hair; abdomen sparsely punctured at the sides. Ungues with a small tooth at the
middle, tibize not hairy.

The club of the antennz of the male is a little shorter than the stem ; the abdomen
is broadly impressed for its whole length; the last segment is slightly elevated in front
each side, and has behind at the middle some transverse elevated punctures: the
spurs of the posterior tibie are slender, and the inner one is fixed and one half
shorter.

Group XII. :

This group contains species having the upper surface hairy ; the antenne 10-jointed,
the clypeus distinctly margined, but slightly or not at all emarginate, and the last
ventral segment very short ; the sexual characters are very feebly marked ; there are
no differences in the tibix, and but very slight ones in the abdomen and antenne.

47. L.crenulata, fusca, confertim fere squaliter punctata, thorace linea dorsali fere nulla, lateribus
fortius serratis, longe pubescente, elytris pube breviore dense vestitis pilis longioribus intermixtis, ob-
solete costatis, pectore longe villoso, unguiculis dente magno armatis. Long. -63—:8.

Melolontha crenulata Frohlich, Naturf. 26, 94 ; 29, 111, tab. 3, fig. 2.

Melolontha georgicana Gyllenhal, Schonh. Syn. Ins. Append. 77.

Phyllophaga georgicana Harris, Ins. Injurious to Vegetation, 2nd ed. 28.

Ancylonycha crenulata Blanch. Cat. Col. Mus. Paris, 138, (synon. exclusa); Burm. Lamell. 2, 2d, 327.
Massachusetts, Georgia, Kansas: the specimens from the last mentioned locality are

smaller, but do not otherwise differ. The pygidium is densely punctured.

48. L. albina, fusca dense fere cequaliter punctata, dense albido-pubescens, thorace pilis longioribus inter-
mixtis, iinea dorsali scutelloque albioribus, pectore longius villoso, elytris costatis, unguiculis dente
magno armatis. Long. -7.

Ancylonycha albina Burm. Lamell. 2, 2d, 328.

One female found at Natchez, Mississippi; Dr. Schaum. This species has nearly
the form of the preceding, but the sculpture is finer, and the pubescence is much more
dense; on the elytra long hairs are intermixed,only at the base and sides, while the
general pubescence of the thorax is similar to that of the elytra, with numerous long
erect hairs intermixed.

eS.

>»

MELOLONTHID OF THE UNITED STATES. 259

49. L. parvidens, ferrugineo-fusca, subpruinosa, equaliter punctata, pube flava erecta in thorace et ad
elytrorum basin longiore vestita, pectore longe villoso, unguiculis dente breyi armatis. Long. :77.

One male from Georgia. Closely allied to the preceding ; the thorax is finely punc-
tured, convex, slightly narrowed towards the base. The elytra are finely punctured,
with the sutural ridge well defined, not wider than usual; the dorsal costs are very
faint: the margin is not fringed, and long hairs are seen only towards the base. The
club of the antennz is as long as the stem, and the abdomen is not impressed. The
posterior and middle tarsi are imperfect, but the anterior ones are armed only with a
short acute tooth.

50. L. rubiginosa, ferrugineo-fusea, subpruinosa, thorace longe minus dense yilloso, brevi, subtilius
punctato, postice haud angustato, elytris subtilius punctatis, breviter pubescentibus, pilis longis parcis
versus basin intermixtis, margine fimbriato, pectore longe villoso. Long. -65—-76.

Texas, at New Braunfels, collected by Mr. Lindheimer. Body oblong, slightly
ovate, convex; above of a brownish red, with a grayish lustre on the elytra. Head
densely, thorax finely punctured, clothed not very densely with long soft erect yellow
hair; the thorax is short, and is not narrower at the base than at the middle. The
elytra are finely punctured, not ‘costate, but with the sutural ridge broader and less
elevated than in the others; the surface is thiuly clothed with short yellowish hair,
with longer hairs intermixed especially towards the base ; the margin is fringed: the
pygidium is moderately punctured: the breast is covered with tolerably long dense
hair.

In the male the club of the antennz is as long as the stem and the abdomen has a
scarcely perceptible anal impression: the spurs of the posterior tibize are free in both
sexes.

a. In one male specimen of a more cylindrical form there is a bifurcating oblique
elevated line each side of the penultimate ventral segment, but in the other specimens
I cannot perceive any vestige of such ornament. Subsequent collections may show
the propriety of regarding it as a separate species, for the sutural ridge is more strong-
ly marked, and somewhat narrower. I would hesitate at present to give it as distinct,
as no other difference in sculpture can be perceived.

Group XIII.

Consists of pruinose species, glabrous above, having 10-jointed antenne, and not
emarginate penultimate ventral segment. The head is comparatively large and the
clypeus is strongly margined, hardly sinuate in front. The mandibles project strongly ;
the last joint of the maxillary palpi is slightly oval, not impressed. The thorax is
rounded on the sides, not narrowed at the base. The breast is tolerably densely
clothed with long hairs; the tarsi are long and the ungues are toothed near the base.

In the males the club of the antennz is nearly as long as the stem; the penultimate

|

260 LE CONTE.—SYNOPSIS OF THE

ventral segment is transversely protuberant, and rough with elevated punctures, while
the last segment is slightly impressed transversely. The spurs of the posterior tibixe
are free in both sexes.

51. L.submucida, oblonga conyexa, subcylindrica, piceo-rufa, pruinosa, capite dense punctato, clypeo

reflexo subemarginato, thorace confertim haud fortiter punctato, elytris fortius punctatis, brevissime

pubescentibus, costa submarginali distincta, pectore flavo-villoso, unguiculis breviter dentatis. Long.

T2—"0.

Found by Mr. Arthur Schott, of the U. 8. and Mexican Boundary Commission, on
the journey from Laredo to Ringgold Barracks. Body oblong cylindrical, convex,
uniform reddish, with a pruinose lustre. Head large, closely punctured, clypeus
scarcely sinuate in front, but strongly margined. Thorax more than one-third wider
than the head, finely and closely punctured, sides rounded subserrate, sparsely ciliate.
Elytra more strongly punctured, with very short procumbent hairs in each puncture,
sutural costa broad, submarginal one distinct. Pygidium sparsely punctured, shining.
Abdomen punctured at the sides.

52. L. glabricula, oblonga, convexa, testaceo-rufa, subpruinosa, capite dense punctato, clypeo reflexo
haud emarginato, thorace confertim subtilius punctato, elytris fortius punctatis, glaberrimis, costa sub-
marginali obsoleta, pectore flavo-villoso, unguiculis breviter dentatis. Long. -64.

Kansas, near the Rocky Mountains. Agrees with the preceding in sculpture, but
is smaller and somewhat more robust, the surface is less pruinose, the punctures of
the elytra support hairs so much smaller that they are hardly visible, and the sub-
marginal costa can hardly be seen. The sexual characters are precisely as in the
preceding.

More full series may show the propriety of regarding this as a race of the preceding
species, but at present it seems sufficiently distinct to entitle it to a separate name.

Group XIV.

I have placed in this group a single species having the appearance of those of the
next group, but differing by the more robust form, and by the mandibles being visible at
the tip. The head is small and hairy, the clypeus deeply concave and rounded ; the
last joint of the maxillary palpi is hardly oval, and not impressed; the mandibles
are visible and tolerably prominent. The antennz are 10-jointed. The thorax is
hairy and not narrowed at the base. The last ventral segment is very short, as in
the two preceding groups, and the penultimate of the male is not impressed. The
claws are armed with a small tooth at the middle.

53. L. glabripennis, oblonga, minus convexa, equaliter fortiter punctata, clypeo rotundato, concayo,
thorace brevi, lateribus subangulatis, elytris haud costatis glabris, capite thorace seutelloque saturatio-
ribus longe pubescentibus, pectore longissime villoso, pygidio parce punctato et pubescente. Long. -53.

One male collected on the Rio Grande by Mr. A. Schott of the United States and

MELOLONTHIDA OF THE UNITED STATES. 261

Mexican Boundary survey. The club of the antennz is nearly twice as long as the
stem; the abdomen is without impression ; the spurs of the posterior tibiz are free,
long, flattened and obtuse.

Group XV. (D).

Contains some of the smallest species of the genus; they are of an oblong elongate
form, with the upper surface, at least of the thorax and base of the elytra, pilose with
long hairs. The head is small, the clypeus concave, broadly margined, and rounded.
The tips of the mandibles are not visible in a state of repose; the last joint of the
maxillary palpi is slightly oval and has an impression on the outer face, The thorax
is slightly narrowed at the base. The last segment of the abdomen is short, though
not so very short as in the groups XII, XIII, and XIV. The spurs of the posterior
tibiee of both sexes are free, long flattened and obtuse, though slender. On account
of the small size of the mandibles the first species of the group was considered as a
distinct genus Trichesthes by Erichson, but Lacordaire, considering it as established
upon insufficient grounds, has properly as I think, suppressed it. Burmeister retains
it in his work on Lamellicornia, but with an addition of species which renders it
unrecognizable.

54. L. tristis, testacea, elongato-oblonga, capite thoraceque saturatioribus, dense grosse punctatis, longe
pilosis, clypeo integro concayo, thorace postice subangustato. elytris confertim punctatis, haud costatis,
breyiter pilosis, pilis longis versus basin raris intermixtis, margine longe fimbriato, pectore longe
dense villoso. Long. -47—-56.

Melolontha tristis Fabr. Syst. El. 2,168.

Melolontha pilosicollis Knoch, Neue Beytr. 85, tab. 3, fig. 29. Say, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil. 8, 248.

Harris, Ins. Mass. Inj. Veg. 2nd ed. 28.

Trichesthes pilosicollis Kr, Ins. Deutchl. 8, 658.

Trichestes tristis Blanch. Cat. Col. Mus. Paris, 141: Burm. Lamell. 2nd, 358.

Middle and Southern States, abundant. In the male the club of the antenne is
longer than the stem, the middle of the abdomen is broadly concave, the penultimate
segment has an acute transverse crest at the middle, and the margins of the last seg-
ment are slightly elevated.

55. L. erinita, elongata, testacea, fortiter punctata, clypeo concavo rotundato, capite thoraceque rufes-
centibus, hoc postice angustato, longe villosis, elytris breviter pubescentibus, pilis longis paucis versus
basin intermixtis, margine fimbriato ; pectore longe dense villoso. Long. -5.

? Trichestes crinita Burm. Lamell. 2, 2nd, 358.

Texas, Mr. H. Haldeman. This species agrees with the preceding in sculpture and
appearance, but the body is longer, cylindrical in the male, slightly ovate in the
female ; the thorax is more narrowed behind, and the hairs of the elytra are shorter :
the latter character is noticed by Burmeister but the former is omitted. The sexual
characters are precisely the same.

67

262 LE CONTE.—SYNOPSIS OF THE

Unknown or unrecognized species.

Ancylonycha profunda Blanch. Cat. Col. Mus. Paris, 152. Texas
Ancylonycha crassissima Blanch. ibid. 133. Texas.
Ancylonycha longicornis Blanch. ibid. 134.

Ancylonycha diffinis Blanch. ibid. 158. Texas.

Ancylonycha ilicist Burm. Lamell. 2, 2nd, 326.

Ancylonycha gibbosa Burm. Lamell. 2, 2nd, 324.

Ancylonycha Forsteri Burm. ibid. 325.

Trichestes comans Burm. ibid. 358.

Trichestes prununculina Burm. ibid, 360.

Trichestes gracilis Burm. ibid. 361.

GYNNIS Lec.

In this genus I have placed a single small elongate species, differing from species
of Group IV of Lachnosterna by the obliquity of the inner posterior spur of the male
and by the impression of the last joint of the maxillary palpi. The head is moder-
ate in size, with strong frontal suture, the clypeus is deep, rounded and strongly mar-
gined: the antenne are 9-jointed, with the third and fourth joints longer than the
following: the last joint of the maxillary palpi is oval and has a slight lateral im-
pression externally: the mandibles are moderately prominent, the labrum is very
short and broad, directed backwards and very slightly concave, not by any means
bilobed as in the other genera of Rhizotrogi known to me. The ligula is almost
truncate in front, and the mentum is broadly concave; the last joint of the labial
palpi is oval. The legs are slender, the middle tibiee with two, the posterior tibiz
with one transverse crest of spines: the tarsi are elongate, and the claws are hardly
perceptibly toothed near the middle. The inner spur of the posterior tibis of the
male is fixed, and slightly oblique, so as to form an inferior emargination, the outer
one is free, slender and acute. The last ventral segment of the abdomen is moderately
large, slightly impressed.

1. G. debilis, testacea, elongata, nitida, capite fusco sat punctato, clypeo rotundato, concayo testaceo
thorace lateribus rotundatis postice subangustato, sat fortiter punctato, elytris fortius punctatis haud
costatis, costa suturali eleyata subrugosa, pectore fortiter punctato, parum pubescente. Long. -43.

One specimen found at Philadelphia was given me by Mr. Schafhirt.

The club of the antennae of the male is longer than the stem; the abdomen is
longitudinally slightly impressed, and the last joint is faintly but broadly foveate, and
the fovea does not attain the anterior margin; the tibiee are described above.

ListrocueLus Blanchard.

Corpus oblongum, subcylindricum alatum, supra subglabrum, elytris glauco-pruinosis. Clypeus rotun-
datus marginatus ; labrum profunde emarginatum ; mandibule parum prominule. Mentum paulo concayum,

MELOLONTHIDA OF THE UNITED STATES. 263

ligula truncata; palpi maxillares articulo ultimo modice ovali, impresso. Antenne 10-articulate, articulis
3—5 connatis, 3 et 4 equalibus; clava triarticulata, maris elongata, femine parva. LElytra stria suturali
profunda. Abdomen articulis 1-—5 connatis, suturis haud medio obliteratis, 6to brevi transverso. Coxe
posticze angulo externo producto. ‘Tibie anticee tridentate, posteriores uni-coronatee, denteque parum pro-
minulo superiore preecipue armatz, bicalcaratee, calcaribus posticis sexus utriusque mobilibus, exteriore lon-
giore: tarsi tibiis longiores, verticillatim setosi, postici articulo primo paulo breviore, nonnunquam tibiis haud
longiores ; unguiculi (maris precipue) subtus sulcati, biseriatim pectinati, vel compressi, medio dentati,
subtus plus minusve uniseriatim serrulati.

By the discovery of new species I have been compelled to modify the description
of this genus, until at last nothing distinct remains to separate it from Lachnosterna.
In one species the serration of the ungues disappears almost entirely, only a slight
trace near the base being left. There is however a peculiar appearance which renders
the genus easy of recognition, and notwithstanding the remarkable specific and sexual
characters, would make any further subdivision of the species here placed under it
eminently unnatural.

A. Tibi postice sub-bicoronate.

1. L. mucoreus, longior, convexus, piceo-rufus, capite thoraceque nitidis, illo plano fortiter marginato,
confertim punctato, antice rotundato haud emarginato, thorace punctato, lateribus obtuse angulatis,
antice subserratis, angulis posticis obtusis haud rotundatis ; elytris parce punctatis et breviter pilosis,
glauco-pruinosis ; supra versus latera parce longe pilosus, pectore villoso, calcare postico externo latiore
et longiore, tarsis posticis tibiis multo longioribus. Long. -6—-65.

Maris antennarum claya funiculo vix breviore ; pygidio convexo, unguibus subtus biseriatim fortius pectinatis;
antico exteriore prope apicem fere dentato.

Feming unguibus subtus prope apicem acute dentatis, a basi ad dentem pectinatis, postico interiore pectinato
haud dentato; pygidio plano.

Fort Yuma, Colorado River, California; Eagle Pass, Texas, Mr. Schott. The
outer spur of the posterior tibie is longer and broader than the inner one, both are
flattened and obtuse. ‘The hairs towards the base of the elytra are very long.

2. L. te xanus, longiusculus, oblongus, convexus, piceo-rufus, capite thoraceque nitidis, illo plano fortiter
marginato, confertim punctato, antice rotundato subemarginato, thorace minus dense punctato, lateribus
fortius angulatis subserratis, angulis posticis obtusis haud rotundatis, ad basin longe erecte fimbriato,
elytris parce punctatis et breviter pilosis, glauco-pruinosis ; supra versus latera parce longe pilosus,
pectore villoso; calcare externo postico fere duplo lativre et longiore, tarsis posticis tibiis longioribus.
Long. °5.

Mas notis sexus sicut in precedente.

One specimen found in Texas by Mr. Schott. Closely related to L. mucoreus, but
is a little less elongated, with the sides of the thorax more strongly angulated, and
subconcave in outline behind the angle, and with a basal fringe of long erect hairs.
the inner spur of the posterior tibie is only two-thirds as long as the outer one, and
is more slender than in the preceding species.

264 LE CONTE.—SYNOPSIS OF THE

a

5. L.obtusus, piceo-ferrugineus, oblongus, convexus, capite rotundato fortiter marginato, confertim
punctato, thoraceque nitidis, hoe sat dense punctato, lateribus rotundatis medio subangulatis, angulis
posticis obtusis rotundatis, marginibus et ad basin longe piloso, elytris glauco-pruinosis vage punctatis,
versus basin longe pilosis ad marginem parce pilosis ; pectore villoso; calcare externo postico fere
duplo latiore et longiore, tarsis posticis tibiis vix longioribus. Long. -55.

Mas notis sexus sicut in precedentibus.

One specimen found by me in Kansas, near Platte River. More robust and less
cylindrical than the preceding species, with the sides of the thorax less angulated.
Some of the hairs about the base of the thorax arise from the disc, and the hairs near
the base of the elytra are longer than in the other species, and the punctures behind
the middle are almost without hairs. ‘The spurs of the posterior tibize are as in the
preceding.

B. Tibiz postice unicoronate : tarsi postici tibiis hand longiores.

4. L. falsus, convexus ferrugineus, capite rotundato, antice vix sinuato marginato, fortiter punctato parce
piloso, thorace punctato, lateribus serratis obtuse angulatis, angulis posticis obtusis subrotundatis, elytris
glauco-pruinosis, obsolete tricostatis, parcius punctatis, parce pilosis; lateribus et thoracis basi longe
parce setosus, pectore villoso, calearibus posticis angustis externo longiore. Long. -‘54—-59.

Mas eylindricus elongatus, clava antennarum funiculo longiore; pygidio magis convexo, abdomine late con-
cavo, articulis 5to et 6to medio canaliculatis; unguiculis dente medio minuto armatis vix obsolete
serratis, interno anteriore edentato.

Femina subovata; pygidio paulo convexo, abdomine tumido, medio polito; unguiculis omnibus medio dente
parvo acuto armatis, obsolete serratis.

Platte River, Kansas. This species, though having all the external appearance of
the others, by its characters approaches so near to Lachnosterna as to suggest a doubt
whether the two genera should properly remain distinct.

5. L. fimbripes, subovata, convexa, ferruginea, capite rotundato, antice subsinuato, marginato, fortiter
punctato, parece piloso, thorace punctato, lateribus obtuse angulatis, angulis posticis obtusis rotundatis,
elytris subpruinosis parce punctatis vix breviter pilosis; lateribus et thoracis basi parce longe setosus,
pectore villoso, tibiis tarsisque posticis intus lenge laxe pilosis calearibus posticis angustis. Long. -48.

Mas antennarum claya funiculo fere longiore; abdomine medio fere plano, segmentis 5 et 6 leviter cana-
liculatis ; unguiculis obsolete serratis minime dentatis.

One specimen, Fort Riley, Kansas, Dr. W. A. Hammond, U.S. A. Somewhat
more robust than the preceding species.

6. L. seoparius, elongatus, cylindricus, piceo-rufus, capite rotundato fortiter marginato, antice vix sinuato,
fortiter punctato, thorace punctato, lateribus subserratis angulatis, angulis posticis obtusis haud rotun-
datis, elytris parece punctatis et pilosis, glauco-pruinosis: marginibus longe parce pilosis, pectore dense
villoso, tibiis posticis intus longe, tarsis posticis subtus densissime villosis; calcaribus posticis angustis.
Long. ‘61.

Mas antennarum claya funiculo haud longiore ; propygidio fere nudo, pygidio maiore valde conyexo; ab-
dominis seemento 6to subtus producto et acute longe bidentato ; unguiculis fortius pectinatis.

Sonora, near the Boundary line, Mr. Arthur Schott. From the curious characters

of the abdomen and posterior tarsi, I was strongly tempted to consider this as a’

MELOLONTHID OF THE UNITED STATES. 265

separate’ genus, but the preceding species is intermediate in the last mentioned
peculiarity,"and the former is altogether a sexual mark. The sixth ventral segment
is large, and projects.downwards ; it is smooth and flat on its anterior surface, strong-
ly punctured and hairy on the posterior surface, which is convex, and nearly hori-
zontal; the line where the two surfaces meet is armed at the middle with two large
sharp teeth.

4, DIPLOTAXKES.

This group established by Kirby, but first defined as a sub-group by Lacordaire,
contains species of small size, forming the transition from the groups with transverse ©
not prominent anterior costs, to those with the coxe conical. The thorax is almost
always furnished with an apical membranous margin, a character not known to me
in any other group except Dichelonychx, which differ by the chelate ungues. Bur-
meister’s group of Schizonychex should probably enter here, as they differ only by the
greater depth of the emargination of the labrum, and the less breadth of the ligula:
the former is indeed not free from variation in our species of Diplotaxis. It has not
escaped the attentive eye of Lacordaire that the ventral sutures are distinct in this
group, not effaced at the middle as in Rhizotrogi ; but he mentions that exceptions in
this respect are found in Empecta : as that genus has no apical margin of membrane
on the thorax, I am in doubt whether it might not be more naturally placed in
Rhizotrogi.

A character not noted by previous authors, which seems to distinguish this group,
is the entire coalescence, without perceptible suture between the 5th ventral segment
and the propygidium ; I know of no other group in which this takes place, and taken
in conjunction with the small pygidium, the disappearance of the sixth ventral segment,
the distinctness of the ventral sutures, and the prominence of the anterior coxe, it
would seem to render this as distinctly limited as the other groups here recognized.

Our genera may be thus distinguished :—

Ungues antici dente parum prominulo apicali, posteriores fissi - - . Orsonyx Lee.
Ungues omnes conformes :
Palpi maxillares articulo ultimo oyali_ - - - - - - - Diplotaxis Kirby
Palpi maxillares articulo ultimo elongato, cylindrico - - - - Alobus Lee.

Orsonyx Lec.

Corpus oblongum, paulo convexum, alatum; clypeus margine reflexo, late rotundatus medio subsinuatus,
sutura frontali distincta. Labrum concavum, modice emarginatum ; mandibule valide prominulz ; maxillz
mala exteriore ad apicem bidentata; (palpi desunt). Mentum trapezoideum, ligule late connatum, antice
se micirculariter depressum ; palpi labiales laterales; antenne breves 10-articulate, clava parva triphylla.
Thorax ad apicem membranula coriacea marginatus, linea marginali nulla. Tibise antice tridentate unical-
carate, posteriores extus bicoronate, ad apicem paulo incrassatz, postice intus dense pilose; tarsi tibiis vix

longiores, setosi ; unguiculis anticis dente tenui acuto subapicali parum prominulo armatis, posterioribus fissis,

parte inferiore latiore acuto subtruncato vix breviore : propygidium fere omnino tectum.

— a

266 LE CONTE.—SYNOPSIS OF THE

O. anxius, oblongus paulo convexus, ater subnitidus, capite dense punctato, vertice vage bifoveato,
clypeo rotundato, marginato, antice subemarginato, sutura frontali utrinque profundiore, thorace dense
punctato, subcanaliculato, lateribus rotundatis ante medium angustato, angulis posticis obtusis subro-
tundatis, elytris punctatis, subtricostatis, costis uniseriatim punctatis, pygidio grosse punctato, propy-
eidio antice subtiliter postice grosse punctato. Long. -41.

One specimen found by Thos. H. Webb, M. D. of the U. S.and Mexican Boundary
Commission in the valley of the Gila. The under surface is coarsely punctured, and
it as well as the pygidium is sparsely hairy.

DreLoraxis Kirby.

The species in this genus are now quite numerous, and in sculpture, color and
form resemble each other in many instances very closely; I have, therefore sought
to establish natural divisions by which they may be classified into small groups. The
following will serve the purpose.

A. GENUIN#. Ungues omnes fissi; (h. e. dente ungue parum breviore) ; spiracula postica haud promi-
nula ; thorax linea apicali nulla.

a. Thorax ad angulos plus minusve impressus, angulis anticis precipue acuminatis.

Caput haud carinatum, corpus pubescens F : c : : aS peels
Caput haud carinatum, corpus supra glabrum . : 5 : Il. Sp. 2—5.
Caput carinatum, corpus supra glabrum 6 ; ; ‘ . III. Sp.6—7.
b. Thorax ad angulos haud impressus ; caput hand carinatum.
Clypeus hemihexagonus, angulis acutis elevatis A , ee DV spas.
Clypeus varius, angulis rotundatis vel nullis ° 3 : : V. Sp. 9—24.
B. SPURL. Spiracula postica prominula.
Ungues fissi c : . : c : - : : > Sp. 20.
Ungues medio dentati : : : : : : ; C . Sp. 26.
C. SPURL#. Ungues medio dentati; spiracula postica haud prominula,
Thorax linea apicali nulla. : . : : . : : Se op eee
Thorax ad apicem marginatus c : : é : é : . Sp. 28—29.
ik

1. D. sordida, nigra, opaca, undique pube erecta brevi fulva vestita, thorace densius pubescente, elytris
subtilius, thorace capiteque rugose densissime punctatis, hoe hemihexagono, margine reflexo, antice late
emarginato, sutura frontali profunda, utrinque excayata, tiblis anticis subtridentatis. Long. -47.

Melolontha sordida Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc, 5, 197.

Diplotaxis carbonaria Burm. Lamell. 2, 2nd. 262,

Pennsylvania and Georgia; rare. The thorax is transversely broadly sulcate near
the base and apex; the basal angles are not at all rounded, the sides are subangu-
lated behind the middle, and the anterior angles are subacuminate. Burmeister
describes the elytra as being costate; in one specimen they are so, in another there
are faint traces of external strie, and of the three discoidal flattened cost. The
teeth of the anterior tibize are equidistant, the upper one is feeble.

MELOLONTHIDA OF THE UNITED STATES. 26

=I

iT

2. D. subcostata, fuseo-ferruginea, nitida, oblonga, convexa, capite hemihexagono, grosse punctato,
margine reflexo, antice vix emarginato, thorace parcius punctato, lateribus medio valde rotundatis,
angulis omnibus acutis vage impressis, elytris grossius punctatis, tricostatis, tibiis anticis subtridentatis ;
sutura frontali profunda utrinque exaraba, vertice late convexo. Long. -39—-45.

Blanch. Cat. Col. Mus. Paris, 171.
Georgia; not rare. Varies a little in the outline of the thorax, and in the depth
of the punctures; it is however always obtusely rounded at the middle, sinuate before

and behind, with acute angles.

3. D. liberta, nigro-picea nitida, oblonga, convexa, capite hemihexagono, tenuiter marginato, fortiter
punctato, antice haud emarginato, thorace fortiter haud dense punctato, parcius in medio, lateribus medio
rotundatis, angulis anticis subacuminatis, posticis obtusis haud rotundatis, omnibus paulo impressis,
elytris fortius punctatis, concinne tricostatis, tibiis anticis tridentatis, sutura frontali profunda, vertice
planiusculo. Long. -45—-5.

Burm. Lamell. 2, 2nd, 261.
Melolontha liberta Germ. Ins. Noy. 123.

Middle and Southern States; D. tristis Kirby, placed by Burmeister as synony-
mous with this species, is quite distinct, having a thickly punctured thorax, of a
different form. ;

4. D. brevicollis, oblonga, convexa, piceo-ferruginea nitida, capite punctato, hemihexagono, antice late
emarginato, margine anguste reflexo, sutura frontali profunda, thorace brevi subtilius punctato, lateribus
oblique rotundatis, angulis anticis subacutis posticis fere rectis, omnibus impressis; elytris subtilius
punctatis et tricostatis, tibiis anticis obtuse tridentatis. Long. -47.

One specimen collected by George Gibbs, Esq., at Steilacoom, Washington Ter-
ritory.
5. D. tristis, oblonga, minus convexa, nigra subnitida, capite dense punctato hemihexagono, antice
subemarginato, margine anguste reflexo, sutura frontali profunda, thorace lateribus oblique rotundatis,
angulis anticis subacutis, posticis obtusis, omnibus paulo impressis, elytris punctatis, tricostatis, tibiis

anticis obtuse tridentatis. Long. -43—-53.
Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 130.

Middle States and Lake Superior, not rare.
ii,

6. D. exeavata, oblonga, nigro-picea, nitida, capite yix hemihexagono, margine reflexo antice fere rotun~
dato, grosse, occipite parcius punctato, sutura frontali profunde excayata, fronte transversim carinata,
medio subimpressa, thorace grosse punctato, antice posticeque versus latera transyersim excavato, lateri-
bus medio rotundatis angulis anticis subacuminatis, elytris rude punctatis, subcostatis, tibiis anticis ~
subtridentatis. Long. -35.

One specimen, Georgia. The punctures of the elytra are large, and sometimes
confluent, they are mostly arranged in rows, except towards the suture, and the three
costz are not much more evident than the other intervals.

%

268 LE CONTE—SYNOPSIS OF THE

7. D. frontalis, oblonga, nigro-picea, nitida, capite fere rotundato, margine reflexo, grosse oceipite parce
punctato, sutura frontali profundo, fronte transversim carinata medio subimpressa, thorace parcius
punctato, lateribus medio rotundatis, angulis anticis acutis, haud acuminatis, elytris rude punctatis sub-
costatis, tibiis anticis subtridentatis. Long. -35.

Georgia. Of the same appearance as the last, from which it only differs by the
thorax being hardly perceptibly impressed at the angles, instead of being deeply ex-
cavated. Perhaps this may be a sexual character.

D. punctatorugosa Blanch. having the front transversely elevated, must
belong to this group. Blanchard, however, describes it as “breviter ovata,” while
according to Burmeister, who does not mention the form, the anterior tibie are acute-
ly 3-toothed.

LV:

8. D. angularis, elongata cylindrica, ferruginea nitida, capite punctato, hemihexagono, margine reflexo,
ad apicem late emarginato, angulis acutis prominulis, sutura frontali mediocri, vertice late convexo,
thorace modice punctato, antrorsum angustato, lateribus pone medium fortius rotundatis angulis obtusis,
elytris punctatis, tricostatis, tibiis anticis tridentatis. Long. 3.

Copper Mines of the Gila, Dr. Webb. The female is slightly ovate. The apical
reflexed margin of the clypeus makes with the lateral margin a reentering angle.

Vig

9. D. moerens, oblonga, minus conyexa, picea vel nigro-picea subnitida, capite confluenter punctato,
plano, hemihexagono, tenuiter marginato, antice late emarginato, sutura frontali parum impressa, thorace
confertim punctato, lateribus rotundatis, angulis posticis obtusis, elytris fortiter punctatis, punctis fere
omnibus serlatis, vix tricostatis, tibiis anticis tridentatis. Long. -44.

Vallecitas, California. Of the size, form and color of D. tristis; the inferior
portion of the claws is rathershorter than usual, and the labrum is deeply emarginate.

10. D. punctipennis, oblonga, convexa, ferrugineo-picea nitida, capite fortiter punctato, clypeo rotun-
dato, latius marginato, sutura frontali impressa, thorace sat dense fortius punctato, lateribus valde rotun-
datis angulis posticis obtusis, elytris grosse punctatis, punctis fere omnibus seriatis, vix tricostatis, tibiis
anticis fortiter tridentatis. Long. -44.

Texas, Mr. Haldeman. The spaces which represent the usual costs, and the
suture are marked with a row of smaller punctures. The inferior part of the ungues
is shorter than the upper, but not so much so as in D. moerens.

11. D. texana, oblonga, conyexa, fusco-ferruginea nitida, capite dense punctato, clypeo rotundato, anguste
marginato, sutura frontali impressa, thorace fere dense punctato, lateribus modice rotundatis, angulis
posticis obtusis, elytris punctatis tricostatis, tibiis anticis tridentatis. Long. -38.

New Braunfels, Texas, Mr. Lindheimer. The punctures between the costz are
confused; the costee are marked with a row of smaller punctures; the teeth of the
anterior tibiee are not large, and are more close than usual. The clypeus in one
specimen is semicircular, but in the other is feebly hemihexagonal. The under part
of the ungues is hardly shorter than the upper.

MELOLONTHIDA OF THE UNITED STATES. 269

12. D. Harperi, ferrugineo-picea, oblonga paulo convexa, nitida, capite fortius confertim punctato, ely-

peo anguste marginato, rotundato, sutura frontali impressa, thorace fortius sat dense, medio minus
dense punctato, antrorsum subangustato, lateribus latius rotundatis, angulis posticis obtusis, elytris

fortiter punctatis, subtricostatis, costis fortius uniseriatim punctatis, tibiis anticis obtuse tridentatis.
Long. °37.

? Blanch. Cat. Col. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 171.

Burm. Lamell. 2, 2d, 263.

Fort Riley, Kansas, Dr. Wm. A. Hammond; found according to Blanchard in Georgia,
and Burmeister in 8. Carolina. Differs from the next two species by the less rounded
sides of the thorax, and the more narrowly margined clypeus; the latter is rounded
in the are of a circle. ‘The punctures of the costz of the elytra are somewhat irregu-
lar ; the teeth of the anterior tibiz are obtuse, and the two lower ones are nearer.

13. D, frondicola, oblonga convexa, fusco-ferruginea, nitida, [capite dense punctato, clypeo vix
hemihexagono, anguste marginato, sutura frontali impressa, thorace dense punctato, lateribus rotun-
datis, angulis posticis obtusis, elytris punctatis, tricostatis, tibiis anticis dentibus tribus magis
approximatis. Long. *28—:32.

D. testacea Burm. Lamell. 2. 2d, 263.
Melolontha frondicola Say, Journ. Acad. 5, 198.

A common species from New York to Texas, and Kansas. The head is always
slightly hemihexagonal; the under part of the claws is not shorter than the upper
portion. The punctures between the costz are confused, and the coste are marked
with a row of smaller punctures.

The species described by Mr. Blanchard as Say’s is something quite different.

14. D. dubia, oblonga, convexa, fusco-ferruginea, nitida, capite dense punctato, clypeo rotundato, mar-
ginato, sutura frontali impressa, thorace dense punctato, lateribus rotundatis, angulis posticis obtusis,
elytris fortiter punctatis, tricostatis, tibiis anticis bidentatis. Long. -32.

Texas, two specimens, Mr. Haldeman. So similar to the preceding, that it might
readily be confounded with it. On comparison, however, several differences may be
found : the thorax is not so short, and the posterior angles are less obtuse ; the clypeus
is rounded in an arc of a circle, and more strongly margined; the upper tooth of the
anterior tibize is almost entirely obliterated.

15. D. truncatula, oblongo-ovata, convexa, picea, capite confertim punctato, hemihexagono, clypeo
tenuiter marginato, antice truncato, sutura frontali profunda, thorace sat dense punctato, lateribus ob-
lique zqualiter rotundatis, angulis posticis obtusis rotundatis, elytris grossius punctatis, tricostatis,
tibiis anticis tridentatis. Long. -32.

One specimen, Kansas. The coste of the elytra are without punctures, or with
only a very few small ones. The upper tooth of the anterior tibiz is acute and dis-
tant from the others.

16. D. consors, oblonga, nigro-picea, convexa nitida, capite confertim punctato, hemihexagono, clypeo
tenuiter marginato, antice truncato, sutura frontali profunda, thorace minus dense punctato, lateribus
‘rotundatis, angulis posticis obtusis rotundatis, elytris grossius punctatis tricostatis, tibiis anticis triden-
tatis. Long. +3.

69

270 LE CONTE,—SYNOPSIS OF THE

One specimen, Texas, Mr. Haldeman. Very similar to D. truncatula, but differs by
the thorax being not so much narrowed in front, less rounded about the posterior
angles and less densely punctured. The feet are brownish, the anterior tibie as in
D. truncatula.

17. D. carbonata, oblonga, atra subnitida, capite dense punctato, clypeo vix hemihexagono, tenuiter
marginato, thorace minus dense punctato, lateribus valde rotundatis, angulis posticis obtusis rotun-
datis, elytris punctis fortibus fere omnibus seriatis, subtricostatis, tibiis anticis tridentatis. Long.
27—°3.

New Mexico and Texas, Messrs. Clark and Webb. ‘Phe punctures except near the
sutural line are hardly confused, the interstices are marked with ranges of small punc-

tures ; the upper tooth of the anterior tibize is obtuse but obvious.

18. D. atratula, oblonga, atra subnitida, capite dense punctato, clypeo hemihexagono, antice late
emarginato, modice marginato, thorace fortius punctato, lateribus antice obliquis parum rotundatis ad
angulos posticos fortius rotundatis, elytris punctis fortibus fere omnibus seraitis, vix tricostatis, tibiis
anticis fortiter tridentatis. Long. -3.

Frontera, New Mexico, Mr. Clark. Of the form size and color of D. carbonata, but
differing in the sides of the thorax being oblique and hardly rounded, except near the
posterior angles; the punctures of the elytra are not confused near the sutural line,
and the interstices are not punctured. The legs as usual are brown, and the upper
tooth of the anterior tibia is strong and acute.

19. D.morula, elongato-oblonga, atra subnitida, capite confertim punctato, clypeo hemihexagono, anguste
marginato antice truncato, sutura frontali profunda, thorace sat dense punctato, lateribus antice obliquis
postice cum angulis rotundatis, elytris fortius punctatis, tricostatis, tibiis anticis fortius tridentatis.
Long. °3.

One specimen, Kansas. Narrower than the preceding species, from which it also
differs, not only by the posterior angles of the thorax less suddenly rounded, but by
the punctures between the geminate rows being confused; the coste themselves are
marked with a few small punctures. The legs are brown, and the upper tooth of the
anterior tibize is strongly marked.

20. D. punctata, nigro-picea, oblonga, convexa, nitida, capite confertim punctato, marginato, hemihexa-
gono, antice late truncato, sutura frontali impressa, thorace fortiter minus dense punctato, lateribus
antice obliquis, pone medium valde rotundatis fere angulatis, angulis posticis perobtusis, elytris fortius
punctatis, subcostatis, tibiis anticis fortius tridentatis. Long. -32.

One specimen, Frontera, Rio Grande, Mr. Clark. The punctures of the two inner
interstices of the elytra are confused, but the costz are not very distinct; the coste
are marked with a row of fine punctures.

21. D.cribulosa, oblonga, subovata, ferruginea nitida, parce fulvo-pubescens, capite fortius dense punctato,
marginato, hemihexagono, antice late truncato, sutura frontali impressa, thorace fortiter minus parce
punctato, lateribus rotundatis, antice obliquis, angulis posticis obtusis, elytris fortiter punctatis, sub-

costatis, tibjis anticis subtridentatis. Long. +34.

2
}

MELOLONTHID A OF THE UNITED STATES. 271

| One specimen found with the preceding. This species is by its sculpture related to
D. punctata, but the thorax is more coarsely punctured, and the costz of the
elytra are marked with a very strong row of punctures, which with the punctures
between the geminate rows are furnished with short but stout suberect hairs: the
punctures of the thorax and those near the frontal suture also emit hairs. The la-
brum is more deeply emarginate than in the other species, but the under part of the
claws is as long as the upper, the thorax has a narrow apical membrane, and all the

other characters are of this genus.

22. D. subangulata, oblonga, convexa, nigro-picea nitida, capite dense punctato, marginato, fere
hemihexagono, antice late truncato, thorace haud dense punctato, lateribus rotundatis medio subangu-
latis angulis posticis valde obtusis, elytris fortiter seriatim punctatis, punctis internis solis confusis,
costis parum distinctis subtiliter uniseriatim punctatis, tibiis anticis acute tridentatis. Long. -34.

One specimen, Oregon, Col. McCall. The under part of the claw is a little shorter
than the upper, and less obviously truncate than usual.
23. D. bidentata, ovata, convexa, nigro-picea, vix senescens nitida, capite parcius fortiter punctato,

clypeo rotundato, marginato, sutura frontali impressa, thorace parce fortiter punctato, lateribus oblique
late rotundatis, angulis posticis obtusis, elytris fortius punctatis, tricostatis, tibiis anticis bidentatis.

Long. °3.

Georgia, two specimens. Differs from all others known to me by the ovate body,
the sparsely punctured head, and bidentate tibize. The punctures between the suture
and the first dorsal costs are confused, those between the other two coste and the
first are less so, but still somewhat confused. The punctures of the under surface
are larger and more abundant than usual: the propygidium is more prominent than
in the other species and is marked near the apex with a tolerably strong transverse

raised line.

The following species cannot be refered to its proper division, from the loss of the
head.

24. D. tenuis, elongata, cylindrica testacea, thorace confertim punctato, antice posticeque angustato,
lateribus rotundatis medio fere angulatis, elytris seriatim punctatis, punctisque paucis internis con-
fusis, tricostatis, tibiis anticis obtuse subdentatis. Long. +28.

A dead specimen found at Vallecitas, San Diego County, California. Resembles
in its proportions D. angularis, and probably belongs to Div. IV., but differs greatly
in the sculpture of the elytra; the punctures of the first interstice are confused, those
of the other intervals between the cost, are represented by rows of punctures equal
in size to those of the regular rows but more distant; the cost are without punc-
tures. The terminal tooth of the anterior tibiae as usual is long, the others are
almost obsolete : the lower part of the ungues is acute, and hardly shorter than the
upper ; the posterior tibize have more long hairs than in D. angularis.

ee ee = -

272 LE CONTE.—SYNOPSIS OF THE

B. Spuria.

25. D. corvina, oblongo-ovalis, convexa, piceo-nigra nitida, capite confertissime punctato, clypeo mar-
ginato, rotundato, sutura frontali impressa, thorace latitudine plus duplo breviore, fortius sat dense
punctato, lateribus rotundatis, parcius ciliatis, angulis posticis obtusis rotundatis, elytris seriatim punc-
tatis, vix tricostatis, punctis internis solis confusis, antennis palpisque piceo-rufis, unguibus fissis. Long.
“44,

One specimen, Fort Yuma, Colorado River, California. This insect has the appear-
ance of a large Aphodius. The spaces of the elytra which represent the costz are
marked each with a row of small punctures. ‘The under surface is very coarsely
punctured, and the punctures have short yellowish hairs. The pygidium is very
coarsely and the propygidium densely punctured, the latter is transversely elevated,
or rather broadly sulcate near the apex. The posterior tibiz at the outer apical
angle are armed with three longer spines.

26. D. pacata, oblongo-ovata conyexa, ferrugineo-picea, nitida, capite confertim punctato, clypeo subrotun-
dato, marginato, sutura frontali impressa, vertice vage bifoveato, thorace sat dense punctato, antrorsum angus-
tato, lateribus postice cum angulis valde rotundatis, elytris fortiter seriatim punctatis, punctis internis

solis confusis : tibiis anticis tridentatis, tarsis anticis anteanis palpisque rufis, unguibus dente ad medium
. a
armatis. Long. -32.

One specimen found by Dr. Thomas H. Webb, of the United States and Mexican
Boundary Commission, in the valley of the Gila. The form is that of most Diplo-
taxis, but the spiracles of the propygidium are prominent as in the last species. The
mandibles are less prominent than usual, and in fact hardly visible. The propygi-
dium and pygidium are sculptured as in the preceding; the tooth of the claws is per-
pendicular, and not large.

C. Spurie.

27. D. brevidens, oblonga, convexa, fusco-ferruginea nitida, capite confertim fortius punctato, subrotun-

dato, clypeo marginato, antice subemarginato, clypeo frontali profunda, thorace fortius punctato, lateribus

antice obliquis, dein rotundatis, angulis posticis valde obtusis, utrinque ad apicem et ad medium foveato,

elytris grossius seriatim punctatis, punctis internis solis confusis, tibiis anticis valde tridentatis, ungui-
culis medio fortiter dentatis. Long. .42-

One specimen found by Dr. Thos. H. Webb in the valley of the Gila. This species
repeats the form of the fifth division, as the next does the second of the genuine
Diplotaxes. The mandibles are more prominent than usual, and bent downwards,
so that the ligula is covered by them. The pygidium and propygidium are very

coarsely punctured, and the latter has the usual transverse impression near the apex.

The apical fovex of the thorax are half way between the middle line and the angles,

the others are near the side, and at the greatest breadth.

28. D. Haydenii, oblonga-ovata, rufo-ferruginea, nitida, convexa, capite sat dense punctato, clypeo
fere hemihexagono marginato, sutura frontali profunda, fronte transversim obsolete eleyata, thorace

—_

i r.

MELOLONTHIDA OF THE UNITED STATES. 273

modice punctato, brevi, ante medium valde angustato, lateribus obliquis, ad medium fere angulatis,
angulis posticis obtusis, subimpressis, ad apicem marginato, angulis anticis magis acutis, elytris fortius
punctatis, tricostatis, tibiis anticis tridentatis, dente ultimo oblique truncato, unguiculis medio breviter
dentatis. Long. -45.

Yellowstone River, Nebraska, Dr. F. V. Hayden. The mandibles are very pro-

minent, and bent at the apex so as to cover the ligula. The sides of the thorax,
from a ventral view hardly converge towards the base. The punctures between the
smooth lines of the elytra are confused, and somewhat rugous. The pygidium is
coarsely punctured and sparsely hairy; the propygidium is more densely punctured,
with the usual transverse impression.

29. D. innoxia, oblonga, convexa, rufo-ferruginea nitida, capite sat dense punctato, clypeo fere hemi-
hexagono marginato, sutura frontali profunda, fronte transversim obsolete elevata, thorace modice pune-
tato, brevi, ante medium valde angustato, lateribus ibi obliquis, dein sequaliter rotundatis, angulis posticis
obtusis subimpressis, ad apicem marginato, angulis anticis acutis, elytris fortius punctatis, tricostatis,

tibiis anticis obtuse tridentatis, dente ultimo subtruncato unguiculis breviter dentatis. Long. -4.'

One specimen, Kansas. Closely allied to the preceding, and precisely similar to it
in sculpture: the body is, however, not at all ovate, and the sides of the thorax are
more regularly and less suddenly rounded. These two species by the strong apical
marginal line of the thorax form a passage to the Rhizotrogi ; many of which they re-
semble in the form of the claws.

Species not recognized.
Diplotaxis punectato-rugosa Blanch. Cat. Col. Mus. Paris, 171; Burm, Lamell. 2, 2nd, 263.
Diplotaxis georgiz Blanch. ibid.
Diplotaxis frondicolat Blanch. ibid.
Diplotaxis castanea Burm. Lamell. 2, 2nd, 262; an D. subcostata?
Diplotaxis corpulenta Burm. ibid. 263.

Axosus Lee.

Corpus elongato-oblongum, subcylindricum : caput majusculum, clypeo marginato, antice subrotundato,
sutura frontali bisinuata; labrum transversum late emarginatum; palpi maxillares articulo ultimo tenui
cylindrico, reliquis coniunctis eequali; mandibulee prominule ad apicem obtuse: mentum quadratum haud
impressum; antennze breyes 10-articulatee, clava parva triphylla. Tibize anticee tridentatee unicalcaratee, pos-
teriores tenues haud coronatz, nee ad apicem incrassatee, posticee intus parce pilose ; tarsi tibiis vix longiores,
subtus parce pilosi vel setosi, haud spinulose ; ungues omnes dente inferno maximo truncato, ungue ipso haud
breviore. Thorax membranula apicali nulla.

A genus which approaches the Rhizotrogi in another direction, viz., by the
absence of the apical membrane of the thorax ; nevertheless by the abdomen and by

the labrum it must clearly be associated with Diplotaxis.

A. fulvus, elongatus, subeylindricus, testaceo-rufus nitidus, capite fuscescente, confertim punctato, clypeo
vix hemihexagono, anguste marginato, sutura frontali impressa, thorace. latitudine plus duplo breviore,
dense, medio parcius punctato, antrorsum haud angustato, lateribus late rotundatis, angulis posticis ob-
tusis ; elytris fortiter punctatis, subtricostatis, propygidio subtiliter, pygidio grosse punctato. Long. -36.

One specimen, New York. The three teeth of the anterior tibiz are near together.
70

274 LE CONTE.—SYNOPSIS OF THE

The head is hardly one-fourth narrower than the thorax, which differs remarkably
in form from that of any other species in the group, in not being conspicuously
narrowed in front. The under surface is coarsely punctured, more sparsely at the
middle of the metosternum ; the punctures support very short hairs.

5, SERIC A.

This group is readily known from all the others by the labrum being connate with
the clypeus, and very frequently indistinct ; in addition, the anterior coxe are conical
and prominent ; the abdominal segments are hardly connate, the penultimate dorsal and
ventral are separated by a straight suture, and the stigma is concealed in the anterior
angle. :

The genus Serica M’Leay, the only one found in our territory, belongs to the divi-
sion of genuine Serice, having the posterior cox dilated, and the ligula corneous and
connate with the mentum ; it may be thus separated into two groups :

A. Clypeus utrinque acute incisus ; corpus haud micans. Sp. 1—4. Camptorhina Kirby.
B. Clypeus simplex ; corpus sericeo-micans.. Sp. 5—15. Serica (proper).

Serica M’Leay.
A.

1. 8. vespertina, oblongo-ovata, convexa picea nitida, margine breviter fimbriata, clypeo densius,
eapite thoraceque sat dense punctatis, fronte transversim impresso, elytris sulcatis, sulcis in fundo
confluenter fortiter punctatis, interstitiis parce punctatis. Long. -35—-42.

Dej. Cat. ; Leconte, Agassiz’ Lake Superior, 226.

Melolontha vespertina Schonh. Syn. Ins. Append. 94; Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. 3, 244.
Omaloplia vespertina Harris, Ins. Inj. Vegetation, 2nd ed. 29.

Serica vespertina Burm. Lamell. 2, 2nd, 175.

Camptorhina atricapilla Kirby, Fauna, Bor. Am. 129.

Middle, Southern, Eastern and Western States, as far as Lake Superior.

2. 8. texana, oblonga conyexa, testacea margine breviter fimbriata, clypeo confertim punctato, ad

apicem truncato, paulo magis producto, capite parce, thorace subtilius sat dense punctato, elytris
suleatis, sulcis in fundo punctatis, interstitiis punctis paucis notatis. Long. -32.

Found at Fort Gates, Texas, by Mr. H. Haldeman. This species is smaller than
the preceding, and less dilated behind; the clypeus is longer, the lateral incisure of
the anterior part is not so deep, the thorax is more convex and more finely punctured,
and the elytra are less punctured.

3. S. atratula, oblongo-ovata, piceo-nigra, margine yix breviter fimbriata, clypeo confertim punctato

antice truncato, fronte transversim impressa, capite parcius, thorace densius punctato, elytris profundius

sulcatis, sulcis in fundo punctatis, antennis palpisque rufo-flayis. Long. +26.
One specimen from Texas, Mr. H. Haldeman. Differs from the preceding by the
more ovate body dilated behind, by the transversely impressed front, the more strongly
punctured thorax, and more deeply sulcate elytra. The clypeus, as in 8. texana, is
less deeply incised at the side than in §, vespertina,

é

MELOLONTHIDA OF THE UNITED STATES. 275

4. 8. serotina, oblonga, subovata, conyexa, piceo-rufa, nitida, margine longius fimbriata, clypeo truncato
dense, capite parce punctato, fronte transversim impressa, thorace conyexo subtiliter sat dense punctato,
linea dorsali postice laevi, elytris leviter suleatis, sulcis in fundo punctatis, antennis flavis. Long. -42.

One specimen collected at Sacramento, California, by Mr. J. Wittick, and given me
by Mr. Rathvon. Of the size of S. vespertina, but less dilated behind. The clypeus
is broader in front than in any of the preceding species, the lateral incisure is slight.
The thorax is very convex, much rounded on the sides, and more finely punctured
than in the others ; the pectus and cox are uniformly and densely punctured, while
in the other species the punctures are denser on the cox, and gradually become
sparse at the middle of the pectus. The hairs which fringe the edge of the thorax
and elytra are longer than in the other species.

B.

5. S. iricolor, ovata conyexa, nigra, iridescens, capite thoraceque dense punctatis pilis fulvis erectis
dense vestitis, elytris sulcatis, punctatis parcius pilosis, antennis testaceis. Long. -29.

Burm. Lamell. 2, 2nd, 178.
Melolontha wricolor Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. 3, 245,

Middle States. By some strange error this species is placed in the Melsheimer
Catalogue of Described Coleoptera as synonymous with Mel. mic ans Knoch.

6. 8. fimbriata, oblongo-ovata, testacea opaca convexa, subiridescens, capite dense punctato, clypeo ad
apicem reflexo et late emarginato, thorace minus dense punctato, lateribus magis oblique rotundatis longe
fimbriatis, elytris striis uniseriatim punctatis, pectore coxisque longe sat dense flayo-villosis. Long. -42.

San Diego, California. Of the same size, but more robust than 8. sericea, and very
distinct by the more oblique sides of the thorax being fringed with long lateral hairs,
and by the hairy breast. The strize of the elytra are not irregularly punctured as
usual, but have only single rows of punctures. It is possible that dark colored speci-
mens may occur, as mine, although found flying in the evening twilight, do not appear
to have become fully hardened.

7. 8. tristis, oblongo-ovata, nigro-picea nitida, convexa, obsolete iridescens, clypeo plano, dense punctato,

antice emarginato, vix reflexo, capite parce, thorace sat dense fortiter punctatis, lateribus oblique
rotundatis, elytris parce punctatis, striatis, pygidio parce punctato, antennis testaceis, pedibus piceis.
Long. -82—-35.
Lec. Agassiz’ Lake Superior, 226.
North shore of Lake Superior. Resembles in form the next species, but the thorax
is broader. The body above and beneath is shining with but little iridescent lustre ;
the clypeus is flatter in front, hardly margined, and the space in front of the trans-

verse fine line is longer.

_» 8, 8. sericea, piceo-purpurea vel nigro-purpurea, opaca, sericeo-micans, oblongo-ovata, convexa, margine

parce fimbriata, clypeo dense punctato, antice emarginato et reflexo, thorace lateribus oblique paulo
rotundatis, sat dense punctato, elytris striatis preecipue in fundo striarum punctatis, Pygidio sat dense

punctato, antennis pedibusque piceis. Long. -37.

276 LE CONTE.—SYNOPSIS OF THE

Burm, Lamell. 2, 2nd, 176.

Melolontha sericea Mliger’s Oliv. 1, 5, 75 (fide Burm.) ; Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. 3, 245.

Melolontha variabilist Faby. Syst. El. 2, 182 (var.)

Middle and Southern States, common. The male is oblong, hardly dilated behind ;
the female is distinctly ovate.

9. S. curvata, elongata, testacea, convexa, supra opaca, subiridescens, subtus nitida, margine fimbriata,
clypeo confertim punctato, ad apicem subtruncato et reflexo, thorace subtilius punctato, lateribus valde
rotundatis, elytris minus profunde striatis, et in striis punctatis, pygidio subtilius punctato, nitido. Long.
“28.

Kansas, in the valley of Platte River. Smaller and narrower than the preceding,
and readily known by the strongly rounded sides of the thorax.

10. S. mixta, oblonga, testacea subopaca griseo-iridescens, margine longe fimbriata, clypeo dense punctato,
antice subrotundatim truneato, thorace lateribus antice magis rotundatis, subtilius punctato, elytris parce
punctatis, striatis, interstitiis alternatim latioribus et magis punctatis, pectore villosulo. Long. -34.

San Diego, California. Larger and narrower than the next, but smaller than S.
fimbriata, and differig from both by the clypeus being almost rounded in front
without distinct lateral angles, as well as by the form of the thorax. The breast is

more hairy than usual, though less so than in S. fimbriata, and the hind cox are
nearly glabrous.

11. S. alternata, oblongo-ovata convexa, purpureo-picea, iridescens, clypeo dense punctato, antice latius
subemarginato, et reflexo, thorace punctato lateribus oblique magis rotundatis, parce fimbriatis, elytris
punctatis, striatis interstitiis alternis conspicue latioribus, et magis punctatis, lateribus fimbriatis, pectore
parce villosulo. Long. -28—:34,

San Diego, California. Of the color size and form of S. sericea, but the thorax
is broader, more rounded on the sides and more strongly fringed: the elytra are less
deeply striate, with the punctures more equally scattered over the interstices.

12. S. anthracina, brevius ovata, convexa, atra opaca, paulo iridescens, clypeo confertim punctato,
antice vix emarginato, reflexo, thorace punctato, lateribus oblique magis rotundatis parce fimbriatis,

elytris punctatis, subtiliter striatis, interstitiis planis, pygidio fortius punctato, coxis posticis dense punc-
tatis. Long. -36.

Oregon, Dr. Townsend, and others.

13. 8S. frontalis, breviter ovata, picea, subnitida, paulo iridescens, clypeo confertim punctato, marginato,
antice subemarginato, fronte inter antennas linea elevata in vertice subangulata notata, thorace punctato,
lateribus oblique magis rotundatis, parce fimbriatis, elytris parce punctatis fortius striatis, pygidio sub-
tiliter punctato, coxis posticis parce fortiter punctatis. Long. +27.

One specimen, Oregon, Col. M’Call. Closely related to the preceding, but seems
to differ in the slight transverse angulated frontal line, and the sparsely punctured

posterior coxze ; the elytra are more deeply striate but less punctured, and the pygidi-
um is more finely punctured.

14. S. robusta, breviter ovata, nigra, nitida, subiridescens, clypeo confertim punctato, marginato, antice sub-

MELOLONTHIDA OF THE UNITED STATES. 277

emarginato, thorace sat dense punctato, lateribus valde rotundatis, elytris parcius punctatis, striatis,
pygidio subtilius punctato, coxis posticis parce fortiter punctatis. Long. -3.

Sacramento, California, collected by Mr. Wittick, and given me by Mr. 8. 8.
Rathvon. This species differs from the two preceding by the greater roundness of
the sides of the thorax, which is slightly wider at the middle than at the base. The
hairs of the sides are shorter and fewer in number ; those of the sides of the elytra are
about as usual.

-15. 8. trociformis, ovata, conyexa nigra subnitida, paulo iridescens, clypeo fortiter punctato, marginato,
antice subemarginato, thorace lateribus obliquis paulo rotundatis, fortius sat dense punctato, elytris seepe
fulvis, profunde striatis et in fundo striarum punctatis, pygidio parce fortius punctato, coxis posticis
fortiter haud dense punctatis, antennis tibiis tarsisque plus minusve rufescentibus. Long. -25.

Burm. Lamell. 2, 2nd, 179.

Omaloplia trogiformis Uhler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. Philad. 7, 415.

? Melolontha aphodiina Bilberg, Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. 7, 386, fig. 7. (fide Burm.)

Middle and Southern States, not common. The difference in color would tempt
many to separate the variety with fulvous elytra, but, although intermediate speci-
mens do not occur, no difference in form or sculpture exists.

6. MACRODACTYLI.

Among the divisions with prominent conical anterior coxe, this is distinguished
by the upper lip being small and beneath the prolonged clypeus, the mentum chan-
neled, narrow, the segments of the abdomen not connate, the fifth always longer than
the others, and finally by the ungues being mostly equal and diverging, and not
capable of being folded along the joint. The genera are numerous, and entirely
confined to America ; only one is found within our limits.

Macropactyius Latr.

1. M. subspinos us, (testaceus? vel) nigro-fuscus, undique dense pollinoso-squamulosus, thorace convexo
latitudine parum longiore, pilis brevissimis suberectis parce vestito, elytris fundo testaceis, ano setoso,
antennis pedibusque testaceis, tarsis nigro-annulatis. Long 4.

Latreille, Cuvier’s Regne Animal, 4, 562 ; ed. Amer. 3,427; Enc. Meth. 10, 372; Laporte, Hist. Nat.
2, 147; Harris, Ins. Inj. Veget. ed. 2nd 30; Burm. Lamell. 2, 2nd, 57. (synon. exclusa.)

Melolontha subspinosa Fabr. Syst. Hl., 2, 181: Oliv. 5, 70, tab. 7, fig. 73: Latr. Gen. Crust. et Insect.,
2, 110.

New York. The abdomen of the female is black and entirely free from bristles ;
that of the male is testaceous, and at the middle of each segment are long bristles,
without order, and more numerous than in M. elongatus. Like the other species it is
very destructive to roses.

2. M. setulosus, testaceus (vel nigre-fuscus?) undique dense pollinoso-squamulosus, capite thoraceque
nigris, hoe convexo latitudine parum longiore, pilis erectis sat dense vestito, elytris (fundo testaceis)
pilis longis erectis versus basin parce vestitis, pygidio et ano longe piloso, antennis pedibusque testaceis,

tarsis nigro-annulatis. Long. -4.
71

278 LE CONTE.—SYNOPSIS OF THE

One specimen from Georgia. Differs from the preceding by the longer erect hairs of
the thorax and by the long hairs of the pygidium and base of the elytra. The color
beneath is entirely testaceus, but specimens will probably occur of a darker color.
The abdomen is convex like that of a female, but there are coarse long bristles
scattered on each segment about the middle.

3. M. angustatus, testaceus vel niger, undique pube appressa squamulosa pollinosa dense vestitus,
capite thoraceque nigris, hoe subconvexo maris latitudine sesqui longiore, elytris fundo testaceis, ano
setoso, antennis pedibusque testaceis, tarsis nigro-annulatis. Long. 35.

Melolontha elongata\| Herbst, Col. 3, 145, tab. 26, fig. 3.

Melolontha angustata Beauv. Ins. 30, tab. 5, fig. 6.

Macrodactylus polyphagus Burm. Lamell. 2, 2nd, 57.

Southern States, Kansas, and as far south-west as Chihuahua. This species is more
slender in its form and is readily known from the others by the longer thorax and
total absence of erect hairs. Herbst in the description insists so strongly on the
“ flachliegenden Harchen,” that I have considered the species as known to him. The
characters given by Burmeister are relative, except that he states the anus to be tes-
taceous. It is so in all the specimens before me, but sometimes too the whole abdo-
men is of the same color. The abdomen of the female is large and convex, with a
few bristles at the middle of the four anterior joints; that of the male is more com-
pressed, with numerous spine-like bristles arranged in rows each side of the middle.

7. DICHELONYCH 4.

A small group, confined to the American continent, and of which the well known
genus from which it derives its name is the sole representative within our territory.
As a group, it is distinguished from foreign groups among the Melolonthide with
prominent conical anterior coxze, free labrum and abdominal segments, by the ligula
being connate with the mentum, the labrum large, vertical and deeply emarginate,
and by the sternum not being protuberant. The thorax as in Diplotaxes has a nar-
row apical membranous margin. With regard to the position of the group, Lacordaire
forms with it the passage from the Sericoides to the Macrodactylides ; from the latter
of which it differs according to his classification by the fifth ventral segment not being
larger than the others. I find, however, in Macrodactylus that the difference in size
of the segments is byno means obvious, and I am inclined, therefore, with Burmeister
to rank the present as a sub-group of Macrodactylidx, verging indeed by the freely
moving and prehensile claws to the Hoplide.

DicurLonycHa Kirby,

Our species which have become tolerably numerous may be thus grouped.

Thorax haud vel vix canaliculatus - - - - - - I. Sp. 1—9.
Thorax yalde canaliculatus - : : - - . - IL. 9—13.

MELOLONTHIDA OF THE UNITED STATES. 279

The males are more slender in form than the females, and are distinguished by
the club of the antennz being as long as the funiculus.

E

1. D. elongata, elongata, subtus testacea, capite thoraceque nigricantibus testaceo limbatis, illo fortius

as >t Tie

confluenter, hoc dense punctato cinereo-pubescente subcanaliculato, hexagono, lateribus angulatis, antice
posticeque paulo concavis, angulis posticis acutis valde prominulis, elytris 2enco-testaceis virescentibus,
fortiter punctatis, breviter pubescentibus, vix trilineatis. Long. -33.

Burm. Lamell. 2, 2nd, 74.

Melolontha elongata Fabr. Syst. El. 2,174.

Melolontha elongatula Schénherr, Syn. Ins. 3, 210.

Melolontha hexagona Germ. Ins. Sp. Nov. 124.

? Dichelonycha virescens Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 4, 134.

Pennsylvania, New York, Massachusetts, Michigan and Lake Superior. Very
abundant whenever found. Varies in color, the head and thorax being sometimes
almost rufous ; the elytra are uniformly bronzed, the suture and a narrow margin only
being pale. The lateral angles of the thorax are rounded, and the scutel is pubescent.
The legs are yellow; the tarsi and posterior tibize are more or less tinged with black-
ish. I have placed a query to the synonym of Kirby, as his var. C. (which he sup-
poses may be different from the type) evidently belongs to the next species, which
from want of attention to the form of the thorax (a character that has been omitted

by previous authors) may be readily confounded with the present.

2. D.subvittata, elongata, testacea vel fusco-testacea, capite fortius confluenter punctato, piceo antice
testaceo, thorace pubescente piceo, testaceo-limbato, sat dense punctato, hexagono, lateribus fere acute
angulatis, antice posticeque parum concayis, angulis posticis subacutis prominulis, elytris zeneo-testaceis
vitta lata sublaterali virescente, densius rugose punctatis breviter pubescentibus, vix trilineatis, pedibus
totis flavis. Long. -4—--46.

Dichelonycha virescens var. C.{ Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 4, 185.

Lake Superior, abundant. The scutel is densely pubescent. The green vitta of
the elytra is broad and curves around the tip; it is sometimes interrupted. The
form is a little stouter than that of D. elongata.

3. D. testa cea, minus elongata, testacea, capite confluenter punctato, thorace pubescente, sat dense sub-
tilius punctato, antice angustiore, lateribus rotundatis subangulatis, postice vix sinuatis, angulis posticis
subacutis, elytris breviter pubescentibus eeneo-tinctis, fortiter punctatis, subtrilineatis. Long. -4.

Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 4, 135.

Eagle Harbor, Lake Superior, only two females were found. Differs from the pre-
ceding by the broader form and almost regularly rounded sides, as well as by the finer
punctures of the thorax. From the following species it differs by the same characters
and also by the pubescence of the thorax being as fine as that of the elytra.

4. D. linearis, elongata, testacea, capite thoraceque sepe piceis, illo modice marginato confluenter, hoc
densissime punctato, pilis grossis ochreis dense yestito, lateribus angulatis postice oblique sinuatis, elytris

a -_ - aie ies

280 LE CONTE.—SYNOPSIS OF THE

zeneo-testaceis, fusco-2enco vel eeneo-viridibus, confertim rugose punctatis margine testaceo, tibiis posticis
ad apicem, tarsisque nigricantibus. Long. -34—-41.

Burm, Lamell. 2, 2nd, 74.

Melolontha linearis Gylenhal, Schonherr, Synon. Ins. 5, 103.

Dichelonycha Backii Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am.’{ Burm. Lamell. 2, 2nd.

Middle States and Lake Superior. When the hair of the thorax has been removed,
as is sometimes the case, this species may be known by the very dense, but not fine
punctures of the thorax, the base of which is wider than the apex, and the sides angu-
lated at the middle. There appears to be a variation in the form of the basal angles,
sometimes they are subacute and moderately prominent, sometimes rectangular, and
sometimes obtuse ; they are never very acute and prominent as in D. elongata. It is
possible that by comparing specimens from different localities several closely allied
species here confounded together may be separated. ,

One female from Maryland has the posterior angles more prominent, and the elytra
of a dull brownish bronze color. The thorax appears more coarsely punctured, but
it is unsafe to propose a new species upon this single specimen.

5. D. fulgida, picea, elongata, capite thoraceque piceis vel piceo-rufis, illo tenuiter marginato confluenter,
hoe fortius medio minus dense punctato, pilis grossis eneo-flavis dense vestito, lateribus subangulatis,
postice oblique subsinuatis, angulis posticis subrectis, elytris fortiter punctatis, vix trilineatis, breviter
pubescentibus, viridiaeneis, vix lineatis, margine testaceis, antennis pedibusque flavis, tibiis tarsisque

infuscatis. Long. -37.

Steilacoom, Washington Territory, Dr. Suckley. Allied closely to the preceding,
but the thorax is less densely and more strongly punctured, less suddenly angulated
on the sides, and less narrowed behind, and the reflexed margin of the clypeus is very
narrow.

6. D. Backii, nigro-picea, elongata, capite confluenter punctato, fortius marginato, thorace fortiter sat
dense punctato, spatio utrinque sublzevi (dense fortius pubescente ?) lateribus rotandatis subangulatis,
angulis posticis obtusis, elytris late viridizneis, margine testaceo, ragose punctatis sublineatis, antennis
pedibusque nigro piceis, his rufo-tinctis. Long. -33—-39.

Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 4, 134, tab. 2, fig. 6.

North side of Lake Superior. Burmeister places this as synonymous with D. linearis ;
my specimens are however clearly different, not only by the dark colored antenne,
but by the more strongly margined clypeus, and by the more coarsely and less densely
punctured thorax; on each side of the disc anteriorly, near the lateral fovea is an
indistinct space which is less punctured; the sides are less angulated, and not at all
sinuate behind. The specimens were found floating in the lake, and had lost nearly
all the pubescence ; from the appearance of what remains on the side of the thorax,
I believe that the hair was coarse and probably dense as in D. linearis. Kirby does
not mention this character, but it may have been lost in the alcohol in which the
specimens were preserved; the hair of the under surface, being better protected, has
been preserved in both his specimens and mine.

MELOLONTHIDA OF THE UNITED STATES. 281

. 7. D. fuscula, elongata, rufo-testacea vel nigra, supra equaliter fortius pallide pubescens, capite fortius con-

fluenter punctato, margine antico vix rotundato, thorace minus dense punctato, lateribus subangu-
latis, rotundatis, antrorsum paulo angustiore, angulis posticis obtusis, elytrisnigro-piceis, enescentibus,
margine testaceo, dense rugose punctatis, antennis rufis. Long. 3—37.

Middle and Southern States. The legs vary with the body from yellowish red to
nearly black, but are uniform in color; the pectus in paler specimens is somewhat
fuscous,

8. D. truncata, elongata, nigro-picea, equaliter dense fortius pallide pubescens, capite confluenter
punctato, margine reflexo testaceo, antice recte truncato, angulis haud rotundatis, thorace dense punc-
tulato et parce punctato, lateribus rotundatis obtuse angulatis, angulis posticis obtusis, elytris vires-
centibus margine testaceo, confertim fortius rugose punctatis, abdomine sepe testaceo, antennis pedi-
busque flayo-testaceis. Long. -25.

Platte River, Kansas Territory. Easily known by the truncate clypeus with
almost prominent angles.

. 9. D. rotundata, elongato-ovalis, picea, subenea, clypeo hemihexagono, fortiter punctato, anguste mar-

ginato, thorace latitudine duplo breviore, convexo disperse punctato, obsolete canaliculato, ante medium
angustato, latcribus antice obliquis, postice cum basi fortiter rotundatis, angulis posticis omnino nullis,
elytris fortius punctatis tenuiter pubescentibus, lineis parum distinctis. Long. -81.
One very dilapidated dead specimen found at Vallecitas, San Diego County, Cali-
fornia. The oblique sides of the truncate clypeus, forming half of a hexagon, and
the posteriorly very much rounded sides of the thorax will readily distinguish it.

i

10. D. valida, elongata, nigro-picea ,supra parcius, thorace fortius albo-pubescens, capite confluenter
punctato, vertice angulatim yage impresso, occipite sublaevi, thorace inaequaliter grosse punctato hexa-
gono, lateribus ante medium rotundatim fortiter angulatis, angulis posticis valde obtusis, canaliculato,
versus latera paulo inequali, elytris confertim rugose punctatis, fusco-eneis virescentibus, margine, ore
antennis pedibusque piceo-testaceis, tarsis obscurioribus. Long. -55.

A female found by Mr. Joshua Child at San Francisco, California, was given me
by Mr. 8. S. Rathvon. It is very distinct by its large size and other characters. As
in the next species the greatest breadth of the thorax is in front of the middle.

11. D.albicollis, elongata, picea vel piceo-testacea, supra fortius albo-pubescens, capite confluenter
punctato, clypeo testaceo, thorace longius pubescente fortius subinzequaliter punctato, hexagono, lateri-
bus ante medium rotundatim fortius angulatis, angulis posticis valde obtusis, canaliculato, versus latera
inzequali, elytris virescentibus margine testaceo, confertim rugose punctatis, lineis utrinque elevatis
tribus subglabris, ore antennis pedibusque testaceis. Long. -44—-5.

Burm. Lamell. 2, 2nd, 74.
Middle States and Lake Superior. Not common. The pubescence of the scutellum

is very dense and white.

12. D. sulcata, elongata, nigro-picea, fortius albo-pubescens, capite confluenter punctato, vertice angu-

latim vage impresso, occipite medio sublevi, clypeo margine testaceo, thorace celato, profunde canali-
72

. n ‘
EE a ee —" 4

282 LE CONTE.—SYNOPSIS OF THE

culato, partibus impressis grosse punctatis et pubescentibus, elevatis levibus glabris, lateribus ante
medium rotundatim valde angulatis, angulis posticis valde obtusis, elytris dense rugose punctatis sub-
lineatis, fusco-zneis, margine, ore antennis pedibusque flavo-testaceis, tarsis, tibiaramque margine
interno nigricante. Long. °43.

Sante Fe, New Mexico, Mr. Fendler. The impressions of the thorax, which are
coarsely punctured and pubescent, are a deep dorsal groove, another interrupted
groove each side, and some impressions about the sides. The scutelis densely pubes-
cent as in the preceding.

13. D. pusilla, elongata nigro-picea, fortius minus dense albo-pubescens, margine et pygidio et subtus
longius parce pilosa, capite dense punctulato et parce punctato, clypeo margine testaceo antice recte
truneato, angulis vix rotundatis, thorace hexagono angulis omnibus obtusis, parce inaequaliter punctato,

canaliculato, elytris fusco-zeneis lineis tribus subglabris; antennis nigris, pedibus piceo-testaceis.
Long. +27.

San Diego, California. So distinct from all the others as to need no further des-
cription. The size is about that of D. truncata, which it resembles in having the
clypeus truncate. but the angles though rectangular are less marked.

8, LASIOPODES.

In this group I have comprised two genera, containing species of small size, living
upon flowers. Although differing remarkably in appearance and characters, not less
from each other than from all other genera of the tribe known to me, I have been
induced to associate them together on account of the following characters, which they
have in common.

The anterior coxe are large, conical and protuberant; the abdomen is very small,
and the sutures between the anterior segments are nearly effaced; the last segment
is conical, free, and larger than usual. The parapleure are narrow. The claws are
diverging, with a very short bisetose onychium; the posterior tibize are armed with
two spurs, but the anterior tibiz have no spur.

Lastopus Lec.

Clypeus rotundatus, valde concayus, ad apicem subemarginatus ; mentum parvum lineare; pedes postici
incrassati ; ungues simplices elongati.

Body oval, elongate convex, fringed at the sides and beneath, and on the legs with
very long hairs. Head small, eyes large, hardly emarginate, clypeus rounded, deeply
concave, slightly emarginate at tip, separated from the head by a deep transverse
concave line. Mouth small, labrum and mandibles invisible ; mentum small, narrow,
not larger than the base of the maxille. Palpi slender. Antenne 9-jointed ; first
and second joints thick, hairy ; four following small ; club three jointed, small. Thorax
rounded on the sides, convex, narrower in front. Elytra elongate, convex, partly
covering the pygidium. Legs strong, hairy; anterior tibie subtridentate; middle
tibize conical, with a crown of spines/externally at the middle, and two terminal

ren

MELOLONTHIDZ OF THE UNITED STATES. 28

oo

spurs; posterior thighs very large, posterior tibiee like the middle ones, but much
thicker. Tarsi twice as long as the tibize, slender, with verticillate hairs at the articu-
lations ; last jomt with two long terminal hairs above; ungues long, slender, diverging
onychium hardly visible, bisetose.

I have given to this genus an unpublished name proposed by Dejean for Aclopus
Erichson, to which genus this seems to bear a remarkable resemblance in form. The
labrum and mandibles are however entirely invisible. I regret that I cannot give
the position of the abdominal stigmata, but conclude that they must be very much as
in the next genus.

1. L. ferrugineus, valde elongatus ovalis, nitidus ferrugineus, capite punctato, clypeo parce punctato,
thorace minus dense inzequaliter punctato, ad basin levi, antice subcanaliculato, lateribus longe fimbriatis,
elytris parce punctatis, punctis subseriatis extrorsum confusis, breviter parce pilosis, margine fimbriatis ;
subtus et pedibus parce longe pilosis. Long. -19.

Ringgold Barracks, Texas. We owe this most interesting addition to our fauna to
the scientific industry of Mr. H. Haldeman. The genus will be readily recognized
by the narrow oval body, fringed with long hairs, and by the long hairs of the legs,
and the thickness of the posterior femora and tibie.

Oncerus Lec.

Clypeus duplex ; mentum trapezoideum barbatum ; pedes postici incrassati ; ungues fissi.

The only species of this genus known to me is the smallest of the tribe that I have
seen, and presents such a curious assemblage of characters that I am at a loss which
to select. The form might be compared to a Hoplia, oblong and more narrowed in
front ; the body is shining, sparsely hairy, especially beneath. The head is narrow
with convex prominent eyes, the clypeus prolonged, flattened, parallel on the sides,
rounded slightly at the apex and incised each side, with a deep transverse concave
suture between the incisions; the frontal suture is straight and deep, running between
the antennez which are short; the first and second joints are thick and hairy; then
follow four small joints, and then a small three-jointed club concave outwards; the
mentum is large, flat, trapezoidal, wider in front, with long scattered hairs ; the bases
of the maxillz are long, slender and prominent each side of the mentum ; the maxil-
lary palpi are slender, penultimate joint small, last joint elongate, slightly oval; labial
with the last joint longer than the preceding, slightly oval. Thorax wider than the
head, rounded on the sides, and gradually narrowed in front. Elytra a little wider
than the base of the thorax, oblong, slightly flattened on the disc, with the sutural
stria fine. Pygidium slightly exposed. Legs strong, hairy, anterior tibiae subbiden-
tate; middle tibize conical, moderately thick, with a crown of short spines at the
middle externally, and two apical spurs. Posterior thighs very large, tibiz thick
conical, with a crown of spines externally about one-third from the tip, and two apical

284 LE CONTE.—SYNOPSIS OF THE

spurs. ‘T'arsi slender, longer than the tibize, with verticellate hairs; ungues diverging,

armed with a tooth so long that they appear cleft; onychium short bisetose.

1. O. floralis, niger, nitidus, capite rude, thorace parce punctatis, hoe margine longe piloso, elytris
piceo-testaceis, fortiter disperse punctatis, breviter pallide pilosis, subtus longius parce pilosus. Long.
-18— 16.

Found at Vallecitas, San Diego Co., California in April, on flowers of a composite
plant. I can find no sexual characters in the specimens collected. By examination
I find the abdominal stigmata situated in the dorsal inflexed portion of the ventral
segments; the last pair I cannot detect, since the margins of the ventral segments are
thin and reflexed above the dorsal surface, so as to produce a concave surface, in which
the posterior pairs are concealed.

9. HOPLLA.

This division is known among those having prominent conical anterior cox by
the ventral segments being connate, the sixth indistinct or even invisible; by the
large parapleure ; the tibize without terminal spurs or at most with a single very small
one, and by the ungues being chelate (7. e. capable of being folded against the last
joint of the tarsi,) not divergent, unequal and without any onychium.

In this division, though not in any American form, is found a modification of ligula
not seen or only exceptionally in any of the preceding tribes ; the ligula is membra-
nous, and not connate with the mentum: by this character, found in Pachycnemis
and allied genera, the passage to the following group is most naturally made.

The only genus found in our country, and in fact the only one found outside of
Southern Africa, is

HopruiA Illiger.

A. Unguis minor anticus et medius duplo vel plus duplo brevior.

1. H. laticollis, oblonga, latiuscula, picea opaca, supra zequaliter parcius, subtus et pygidio densius
pallide squamulosa, et parce brevissime pubescens, thorace latitudine breviore, lateribus obliquis rotun-
datis fimbriatis, parce breviter pubescente, elytris sordide testaceis subcostatis, unguibus anterioribus
fissis, minoribus plus duplo brevioribus, postico integro. Long. -30—-33.

New Mexico and Kansas; the anterior tibia, as in the others of this group, have
two large teeth and a small one above, which is sometimes indistinct. The antenne
as in the other species are 9-jointed. The scales of the elytra are narrower than
those of the under surface.

2. H. Oregona, oblonga, latiuscula, nigra, breviter pubeseens, subtus et pygidio argenteo-squamosa,
supra parcius albo-squamosa, thorace latitudine breviore, lateribus obliquis rotundatis fimbriatis, elytris
thorace vix latioribus obscure ferrugineis, bistriatis, unguibus anterioribus . . . , postico integro.
Long. ‘27.

One specimen collected in Oregon, by Dr. J. K. Townsend. Differs from the pre-

}

— ——

MELOLONTHIDZ OF THE UNITED STATES. 285

ceding by the silvery scales of the under surface and pygidium, and by the stronger

pubescence. The thorax is not as wide.

3. H. conyexula, oblonga, picea, subtus et pygidio paree pubescens, et subargenteo-squamosa, supra
parce breviter pubescens, pallide squamosa, thorace latitudine paulo breviore magis conyexo, lateribus
magis rotundatis, elytris haud costatis ; unguibus anterioribus fissis, medio interno plus duplo breviore,
postico integro. Long. -24.

One specimen, Sacramento, Mr. Wittick. Resembles the next species in the very
small size of the middle inner claw, but differs by the more convex rounded thorax
and ‘by the pubescence, which is no longer on the thorax than on the elytra.

4. H. pubicollis, oblonga, nigra, subtus et pygidio parece pubescens, subargenteo-squanosa, supra
pallide squamosa, capite thoraceque longius pubescentibus, hoe latitudine paulo breviore, lateribus
obliquis rotundatis fimbriatis, elytris piceis vix breviter pubescentibus haud costatis, unguibus ante-
rioribus fissis, interno medio plus duplo breviore, postico integro. Long. °28.

Of California, Mr. J. Child. Of the same form as the preceding, but differing by
the elytra being free from lines or elevations, and by the longer hair of the thorax.

. 5. H. callipyge, oblonga, nigra, subtus et pygidio parce pubescens, dense argenteo-squamosa, supra

pube erecta in thorace longiore sat dense yestita, pallide squamulosa, nigro-punctata, thorace conyexius-
culo, latitudine parum breviore, lateribus fimbriatis obliquis rotundatis, elytris castaneis, costa dorsali
parum notata, postice paulo retusis ; unguibus anterioribus fissis, minoribus vix duplo brevioribus, pos-
tico integro. Long. -80—34.

California, Mr. J. Wittick. Of the same form as the preceding, but distinguished
by the pubescent elytra being slightly retuse behind, and concave towards the suture,
and by the splendid silvery lustre of the pygidium and under surface. In one speci-
men the scales of the thorax are more condensed along the middle and sides.

6. H. debilis, elongato-oblonga nigra, squamis angustis albis undique minus dense conspersa, parce
cinereo-pubescens, thorace pilis longioribus erectis vestito, latitudine vix breviore, lateribus rotundatis
haud obliquis, unguiculis anterioribus fissis, postico integro. Long. +25.

One specimen found in Pennsylvania was kindly sent me by Dr. Melsheimer. Of
the size and appearance of H. convexula, but more elongate, with the sides of the
thorax less rounded. The thorax is hardly distinctly narrowed in front, except in
consequence of the gradual curvature of the sides, which thus do not appear oblique,
nor at all angulated. The elytra are at base wider than the base of the thorax, and
somewhat retuse near the apex. The middle claws are wanting, the outer one of the

anterior tarsi is one third shorter than the inner one.

- 7. H. modes ta, oblonga, nigra, vel testacea, capite thoraceque fuscis, subtus et pygidio parce pubescens,

argenteo-squamosa, capite thoraceque pube erecta vestitis, hoc pallide squamuloso, planiusculo, lateribus
obliquis parum rotundatis, elytris pilis fusco-pallidis depressis lanceolatis minus dense yestitis, obsolete
costatis, sepe testaceis : unguibus anterioribus fissis, minoribus duple brevioribus, postico fisso. Long.
24—31.

!Hald. Proce. Acad. Nat. Sc. 1, 304.

Hoplia singularis Burm, Lamell. 2, 192.

LE CONTE—SYNOPSIS OF THE

Lo
(o'e)
oo

? Tluplia menticola Proc. Acad. Nut. Se. 2. 141.

Middle and Southern States; varies much in size and color and also slightly in
sculpture, the lines on the elytra being sometimes very faint, and at others quite
strong; the flattened thorax with oblique but slightly rounded sides, the silvery
scales of the under surface, and the hair-like scales of the elytra readily distinguished
it from all others.

B. Unguis minor anticus et medius paulo, vix sesqui brevior.

8. H. tristis, oblonga, nigra, nitida, undique cinereo-pubescens, thorace longius pubescente, latitadine
paulo breviore, lateribus obliquis,rotundatis, pone medium paulo compressis, elytris subcostatis, pygidio
et subtus lanceolato-albo-squamulosa, tibiis anticis subtridentatis, unguibus anterioribus fissis, postico
integro. Long. “31.

Mels. Proce. Acad. Nat. Se. Philadelphia, 2, 141: Burm. Lamell. 2, 2nd, 486.

One specimen from New York. Differs from all the rest by the total absence of
scales on the upper surface. The form is rather more similar to the next than to H.
mucorea with which Burmeister compares it. The anterior tibiae have a small tooth

above the two large ones.

9. Il. trifasciata, oblonga, fusca, subtus, thorace ct pygidio squamis subargenteis dense tecta, capite
thoraceque pube erecta yestitis, hoc antrorsum angustato latitudine breviore, lateribus subangulatis, elytris
castaneis, parce breviter pubescentibus, squamulis pallidis, ineequaliter vestitis, fasciis transversis tribus
parum distinctis formantibus, tibiis anticis subtridentatis, unguibus antertoribus fissis, postico integro.
Long. -338—-44.

Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Se 3, 200.

?LIloplia primaria Burm. Lamell. 2, 192.

Tuplia helvola Me'shaimer, Proe. Acad. Nat. Se. Phil 2, 142.

Newfoundland, Lake Superior, New York, Georgia, Illinois. Varies somewhat in
characters, the elytra being sometimes almost free from scales, at others almost
uniformly clothed with them, Such a specimen would appear to be described by
3urmeister, and such a one is now before me; the upper tooth of the anterior tibis is
almost obliterated in it, and might readily be overlooked, as seems to have been done
by Burmeister when he described them as bidentate. I have seen no black specimens
like the male described by Say.

10. H. limbata, longuiscula, atra, subtus et pygidio laste argenteo-squamosa, supra breviter pubescens,
eriseo parce squamosa, thorace pilis paucis longioribus intermixtis, latitudine haud breviore, utrinque
angustato, lateribus fortius angulatis, late dense albo-squamosis, subargenteis, lineaque postica dorsali alba
signato, elytris thorace latioribus, basi, margine externo pone basin, suturaque ad medium et ad apicem
dilatata albosquamosis, subargenteis, tibiis anticis bidentatis, uncuibus omnibus fissis. Long. -34.

Two specimens found at Evansville, Indiana. The dilatation of the white suture
at the middle forms an oblique fascia reaching two-thirds way to the suture ; the pos-
terior dilatation is a spot connected both with the suture and tip. The thorax is
hardly narrower at tip than at base. The legs are black, with the thighs sparsely
sprinkled with silvery scales.

MELOLONTHIDA OF THE UNITED STATES. 287

11. H. mucorea, elongata, nigra, subtus et pygidio sordide albo-squamosa, supra virescente-ochreo-squa-
mosa, capite vix squamoso thoraceque haud dense lenge pilosis, hoc latitudine haud breyiore, antice

angustiore, lateribus fortius angulatis, convexiusculo, elytris thorace haud latioribus, tibiis anticis biden-
“28.

tatis, unguibus anterioribus fissis, postico . . . . . Long.

Burmeister, Lamell. 2, 193; ibid. 2, 2nd, 486, (synon. exclusa).

Melolontha mecorea Germ. Ins. Noy. 129.

Southern States. Readily known by the more elongate and parallel form. The
posterior tarsi are broken, se that I do not know whether the claw is simple or bifid.
I have.excluded H. helvola, as a synonym, since the description mentions linear
scales on the elytra; it seems to me rather to be the variety of H. trifasciatawith
| almost uniformly colored elytra, and this view accords with the measurements given.

H.monticola, Mels. Proce. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila. 2, 141, I have failed to identify. The dimen-
sions given are 3z lines by 1}, which are the proportions of H. mucorea. From notes sent me by Dr.
Melsheimer, it would seem to differ from both that species and H. modesta. The color is brownish testa-
<eous, the head and thorax are darker, the latter clothed with short rufous hairs and sprinkled towards the
sides with whitish scales, ‘the sides are somewhat dilated beyond the middle, slightly incurved posteriorly, sub-
rectilinear froma its widest portion to the tip; elytra hardly wider at the base than the base of thorax’, more
than twice as long as the thorax, clothed with short rufous hairs, two obsolete longitudinal raised lines near
the middle, pygidium clothed like the elytra, venter covered with small whitish scaly hairs. ‘ Anterior
tibiz bidentate ; inner middle claw less than one half the size of the outer one: posterior claw entire.’
Pennsylvania, in Adams County.

Should the last character be erroneous, it might be referred to the light colored

specimens mentioned under H. modesta.

10. GLAPHYRIL

A group placed by Erichson among the laparostict Scarabaeidx, but in which, as
Burmeister has shewn, the position of the abdominal stigmata ceases to be of value
as a primary character. As a group of Melolonthide, this may be readily recognized
by the labrum being at the end of the clypeus, and in the same plane ; by the projecting
mandibles, the wide parapleurse, and the not connate six-jointed abdomen. The
ungues are slender, equal and diverging. The only genus found in the United States
is Lichnanthe, which differs from Amphicoma chiefly by the deeply emarginate
labrum.

LicuNaNtuE Burm.
1. L. valpina, nigra, thorace, scutello, pygidio pectoreque fulyo longissime pilosis, elytris xneo-testaceis
punctatis, breviter nigro-pubescentibus, postice valde dehiscentibus. Long. -52—-67.

Burmeister, Lamell. 2, 27.

Amphicoma vulpina Hentz, Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. Phila. 5, tab. 13, fig. 3.

Massachusetts and New Hampshire; Dr. T. W. Harris. The female is much less
hairy, and has the club of the antennz shorter and obtuse. The elytra diverge very
strongly along the suture, and are obtusely rounded at tip.

Se

Se Tg ina, obscure nates punctata, thorace elytri
ateribus pectoreque longe haud dense cinereo-pi
cinereo-pilosa. Long. 36—-43.

Sea shore near New York; not common. Found also in Pennsylvania ar
Jersey. Much smaller than the preceding, and very distinct by the Tee
long yellow hair, and by the elytra meeting along the suture. The abdomen and the
club of the antennz are as in the preceding.

It is stated by Doubleday that he has seen specimens of this genus f rom ON sm
it is difficult to believe that either of the species here described have so extensive a
range.

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