FIELDIANA: BOTANY

A Continuation of the
BOTANICAL SERIES

of
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

VOLUME 32

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
CHICAGO, U.S.A.

* "^-^

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. A New Guatemalan Spigelia. By Dorothy N. Gibson 1

2. Three New Nicaraguan Epidendrums. By Alfonso H. Heller 7

3. Syagrus oleracea ( Mart. ) Becc. and Closely Related Taxa. By

S. F. Classman 13

4. Tropical American Plants, X. By Louis O. Williams 35

5. Two New Guatemalan Tournefortias. By Dorothy N. Gibson 65

6. A New Member oiMorganella. By Patrick) Ponce de Leon 69

7. A New Odontoglossum from Nicaragua. By Alfonso H. Heller 73

8. Studies in the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart. II. By S. F. Glassman 77

9. Revision of the Genus Vascellum ( Lycoperdaceae ) . By Patricio

Ponce de Leon 109

10. A Conspectus of the Palm Genus Butia Becc. By S. F. Glassman 127

11. Studies in American Plants, II. By Dorothy N. Gibson 173

12. Tropical American Plants, XI. By Louis O. Williams 179

13. The Juglandaceae of Guatemala. By Louis O. Williams and Antonio

Molina R 207

14. An Overlooked Genus of the Scrophulariaceae. By Louis O. Williams 211

15. A Synopsis of the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart. By S. F. Glassman 215

16. A New Hybrid in the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart. By S. F. Glassman 241

u

REVISION OF THE GENUS VASCELLUM
(LYCOPERDAGEAE)

PATRICIO PONCE DE LEON

A CONSPECTUS OF THE PALM GENUS
BUTIA BECC.

S. F. CLASSMAN

STUDIES IN AMERICAN PLANTS, II
DOROTHY N. GIBSON

TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, XI

LOUIS 0. WILLIAMS

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

VOLUME 32, NUMBERS 9, 10, 11, 12

Published^

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
MAY 22, 1970

The Library of the
uwul

MAY IS 197-

REVISION OF THE GENUS VASCELLUM
(LYCOPERDACEAE)

PATRICK) PONCE DE LEON

Assistant Curator, Cryptogamic Herbarium
Field Museum of Natural History

A CONSPECTUS OF THE PALM GENUS
BUTIA BECC.

S. F. CLASSMAN

Research Associate in Palms, Field Museum of Natural History
Professor of Biological Science, University of Illinois, Chicago Circle

STUDIES IN AMERICAN PLANTS, II

DOROTHY N. GIBSON

Supervisor, Herbaria
Field Museum of Natural History

TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, XI

LOUIS 0. WILLIAMS

Chief Curator, Botany
Field Museum of Natural History

FIELDIANA: BOTANY
VOLUME 32, NUMBERS 9, 10, 11, 12

Published by

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
MAY 22, 1970

CONTENTS

PAGE

Revision of the Genus Vascellum (Lycoperdaceae) by Patricio Ponce de Leon . 109

A Conspectus of the Palm Genus Butia Becc. by S. F. Glassman 127

Studies in American Plants, II by Dorothy N. Gibson 173

Tropical American Plants, XI by Louis 0. Williams 179

FIELDIANA . BOTANY

Volume 32, No. 9 May 22, 1970 Publication 1092

Revision of the Genus Vascellum
(Lycoperdaceae)

PATRICIO PONCE DE LEON

ASSISTANT CURATOR, CRYPTOGAMIC HERBARIUM

During the course of my studies for a revision of the family Lyco-
perdaceae, I have come across a number of plants, previously included
in Lycoperdon, which I believe should be referred to the genus Vas-
cellum. I recognize nine species which seem to me to belong in
Smarda's newly established genus. Three of these, Lycoperdon sub-
pratense Lloyd, L. cruciatum Rostk., and L. djurense P. Henn., are
being transferred to Vascellum. Two of these species were included
by Lloyd in his heterogeneous section Pratense of Lycoperdon. Lloyd
included, as well, four other species in his section Pratense: L. pra-
tense Persoon, now considered to be a species of Vascellum; L. wrightii
Berkeley, now Vascellum curtisii; L. subincarnatum Berkeley; and
L. fuligineum, again a species of Berkeley's. The latter two are
now usually included in the genus Morganella. Lycoperdon acumi-
natum Pers. is the only species of Lloyd's section Pratense which still
remains in the genus Lycoperdon, although Kreisel in 1967 considered
that to belong in Bovista.

There are three other species, L. qudenii Bottom., L. rhodesianum
Vermoerd, and L. angulatum Dissing & Lange, which I believe, from
the descriptions, must belong in the genus Vascellum. I have not,
however, seen authentic material of these species. The other species
is V. abscissum from South America, and was transferred from Lyco-
perdon by Kreisel.

I wish to thank the curators of the New York Botanical Garden,
the National Fungus Collection, and the Farlow Herbarium for their
kindness to me while studying the collections under their care.

VASCELLUM Smarda, Fl. CSR. B-l: 304. 1958. Lycoperdon Pers.
Syn. Fung. 140. 1801, p.p.; Utraria Quel. Champ. Jura 2: 366. 1873,
p.p.; Lycoperdon sect, pratense Lloyd, Myc. Notes 2: 207. 1905.

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 75-104624

109

110 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 32

Fructifications small, depressed, globose, turbinate or obconic; outer peridium
white, pink or brown, spinose or furfuraceous, the spines of two kinds, long and
short, the long ones converging at their apices to form stellate groups; inner perid-
ium thin, papery, dehiscing generally by a wide pore, finally breaking and falling
away until the upper portion of the peridium disappears; sterile base prominent,
of large cells, at first white, later brownish or purplish; diaphragm present, divid-
ing the fertile gleba from the sterile base, membranaceous, or papyraceous or some-
times very difficult to find after maturity; gleba at first white, later olive-brown
or purple; capillitium none or scanty (present in V. rhodesianum and V. qudenii);
paracapillitium threads hyaline, septate, and branched, with a delicate membrane,
these filaments are easily stained by cotton blue (cyanophylous) ; glebal mem-
branes are always present; spores pedicellate, globose, hyaline or light colored,
smooth or delicately echinulate.

Type: Vascellum pratense (Pers. em. Quel.) Kreisel.

Habitat: In the edge of woods, and among grasses.

Distribution: Cosmopolitan.

Discussion: The distinguishing character used by Smarda to es-
tablish Vascellum is the presence of a diaphragm which separates the
fertile portion of the gleba from the sterile, basal portion. To this,
Kreisel added the characters of a very reduced capillitium which is
replaced partially by a paracapillitium, and the dehiscense by a wide
opening, not a pore.

These characters added by Kreisel do not occur in four of the nine
species of the genus now known, as follows: V. subpratense has some
true capillitium threads in the gleba; V. qudenii has a non-septate
capillitium; V. abscissum presents true capillitium, paracapillitium,
and glebal membranes (as in Lycoperdon pyriforme) ; and V. rhodesi-
anum has an unbranched, non-septate, colored capillitium.

I do not feel that Smarda's character — dehiscence by a wide open-
ing— is meaningful as it does not seem to be consistent in those speci-
mens which I have examined, with the exception of V. pratense.

CONSPECTUS OF THE GENUS VASCELLUM

Sect. I. — Vascellum.

Capillitium nullum; paracapillitium abundans.
Capillitium absent; paracapillitium abundant.
Type: Vascellum pratense (Pers.) Kreisel.

V. pratense, V. curtisii, V. subpratense

Sect. II. — Cruciatum sect. nov.

Capillitium praesens; paracapillitium praesens.
Capillitium present; paracapillitium present.
Group Cruciatum. Fructifications globose.
Type: Vascellum Cruciatum (Rostk.) P. Ponce.
V. cruciatum, V. qudenii, V. angulatum

PONCE DE LEON: REVISION OF VASCELLUM 111

Group Abscissum, Fructifications obconic.

V. abscissum, V. djurense
Species incertae sedis: V. rhodesianum.

I have not enough data to establish whether this species belongs in section
Cruciatum or perhaps to one yet undescribed.

KEY TO THE SPECIES

Exoperidium with spines; capillitium none or scanty; paracapillitium branched

hyaline, septate.
Spines slender.

Spines soft, not erect.
Spines white.

Paracapillitium thread of the same diameter as the spores.

Vascellum pratense.
Paracapillitium thread to two or three times the diameter of the spores.

Vascellum curtisii.

Spines dark Vascellum subpratense.

Spines hard, erect, sharp.

Exoperidium breaking up in small flakes at the median line or at every

point Vascellum cruciatum.

Exoperidium breaking up in flakes from the top downward.

Spores echinulate Vascellum angulatum.

Spores smooth Vascellum abscissum.

bpmes broad, united at the apex, breaking up in patches from the top downward-

gleba purple Vascellum djurense

Exoperidium without spines, furfuraceous; capillitium present, colored, unbranched-
nonseptate.

Spores hyaline, smooth Vascellum rhodesianum

Spores olive-brown, verrucose ... Vascellum qudenii.

Vascellum pratense (Pers. em. Quel.) Kreisel, Feddes Rep. 64:
159. 1961. Lycoperdon pratense Pers. Syn. Fung. 140. 1801. L. vitel-
linum Fr. Symb. Cast. 7. 1817. L. hirtum Pers. Journ. Bot. 2: 20.
1809. L. caelatum Fr. Syst. Myc. 3: 32. 1829 (non Bulluard ex Vitta-
dini, 1843). L. hiemale (Bull.) Vitt. Monogr. Lye. 190. 1843. L. de-
pressum Bon. Bot. Zeit. 15: 611. 1859. Utraria pratensis Quel.
Champ. Jura 2: 368. 1873. Globaria queletii Schulzr. Hedwigia 24:
149. 1885. Lycoperdon natalense Cke. & Mass. Journ. Roy. Micr.
Soc. 709. 1887. L. kalchbrenneri De Toni in Sacc. Syll. Fung. 7: 109.
1888. Bovista queletii De Toni I.e. 105. Lycoperdon gemmatum a.
pratense Schroet. in Cohn, Krypt. Schles. 3 (1): 696. 1889. Calvatia
depressa Moravec, Sydowia 8: 278. 1954. Vascellum depressum
Smarda in Fl. CSR. B-l. 305. 1958.

This species is characterized by the obconic or cylindrical fructifi-
cation, prominent membranaceous diaphragm, large cellular sterile
portions of the gleba, the dehiscense of the endoperidium that starts
with a pore which dilates until all the upper part disappears, the

112 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 32

absence of true capillitium, and the presence of abundant paracapil-
litium accompanied by glebal membranes. The spores are 3-4.5 ^
in diameter, pale brown, and echinulate.

This species is separated from V. subpratense by the total absence
of true capillitium, the wider and perfect diaphragm, and the large
size of the fructification.

Material observed: UNITED STATES. NEW YORK: Shear s.n.
(BPI); Torrent s.n. (BPI). MASSACHUSETTS: Mischener Coll. s.n.,
ex Herb. Schw. 2271-1 (BPI); Mischener Coll. 113, 2433 (BPI);
Mackintosh s.n. (Lloyd 13207) (BPI); Smith s.n. (Lloyd 52629)
(BPI). -IOWA: Buchanan s.n. (BPI); Macbride 18 (Lloyd 51435)
(BPI). CALIFORNIA: Morse s.n. 431-b as L. depressum (NY) ; Wilder
2 (Lloyd 51425) (BPI) ; Stillinger 409 (Lloyd 16461) (BPI) ; Ehrhorn
s.n. (Lloyd 51426) (BPI) ; Lane s.n. (Lloyd 51427) (BPI). PENNSYL-
VANIA: Herbst s,n. (Lloyd 13208) (BPI). OREGON: Zeller 1854 (Lloyd
14863) (BPI) ; Lake s.n. (Lloyd 51417) (BPI). WASHINGTON: Kauff-
man 3 (Lloyd 51422) (BPI). CANADA. BRITISH COLUMBIA: Ma-
coun 29 (51422) (BPI); Hill s.n. (Lloyd 51424). EUROPE. No
country cited: Montane 1383 (Lloyd 58799) (BPI); Herb. Persoon
(Type of L. hirtum) (Lloyd 58800) (BPI). PORTUGAL. Torrent
7238 (Lloyd 51744), s.n. (Lloyd 50981), s.n. (Lloyd 50982) (BPI);
Rick s.n. (Lloyd 52718) (BPI); Desvaux s.n. (BPI). HUNGARY.
Hollos s.n., 7372, 6848, 7371, 7373 (BPI); Hollos s.n., s.n. as L. hie-
male, s.n. as L. depressum (HF). ITALY. Bressadola 6149 (Lloyd
52788) (BPI); Bezzi 7114 (Lloyd 52791) (BPI); Saccardo 1103, 882,
225 (NY) ; Bull 936 (NY) ; Massalonga s.n. (Lloyd 50962), s.n. (Lloyd
51419) (BPI) ; Mattirolo s.n. (Lloyd 51418) (BPI) ; Bezzi s.n. (Lloyd
52793), s.n. (Lloyd 52794) (BPI). GERMANY. Magnus 5793,
5795 (BPI); Schultze-W. s.n. (Lloyd 50979) s.n. (Lloyd 50980), s.n.
(Lloyd 51432), s.n. (Lloyd 51433), s.n. (Lloyd 52798) (BPI); Jaap
s.n. (Lloyd 51430) (BPI) ; Harz s.n. (Lloyd 51431) (BPI) ; Plottna
s.n. (Lloyd 52799) (BPI). FRANCE. Patouillard 5 (Lloyd 52797)
(BPI) ; Patouillard s.n. ex Ellis Coll. (NY) ; Romaguesi 3308 (NY) ;
Massee s.n. (NY); Aclogue s.n. (Lloyd 50973), s.n. (Lloyd 50976)
(BPI); Patouillard s.n. ex Ellis Coll. (NY); Romagueri 3308 (NY);
sieck s.n. (Lloyd 50975) (BPI); Maire s.n. (Lloyd 50977), 22 (Lloyd
51414) (BPI); Felix s.n. (Lloyd 50978) (BPI); Bigeard s.n. (Lloyd
51410), s.n. (Lloyd 51411), s.n. (Lloyd 52796) (BPI); Cepede s.n.
(Lloyd 51412) (BPI); Maisset s.n. (Lloyd 51413) (BPI); Hemet s.n.
(Lloyd 51415) (BPI); Wulff s.n. (Lloyd 52643) (BPI); Holland s.n.

PONCE DE LEON: REVISION OF VASCELLUM 113

(Lloyd 52795) (BPI). BELGIUM. Bambeke s.n. (Lloyd 50971),
s.n. (Lloyd 50972), s.n. (Lloyd 52800) (BPI); Rousseau s.n. (Lloyd
52805) (BPI). ENGLAND. Guyot s.n. (NY) ; Swanton s.n. (Lloyd
13206), 8 (Lloyd 50594), s.n. (Lloyd 51404) ; Torrent s.n. (Lloyd 50965)
(BPI); Crosslend s.n. (Lloyd 50966), s.n. (Lloyd 51408) (BPI); Smith
s.n. (Lloyd 51405) (BPI) ; Lapierre s.n. (Lloyd 51406) (BPI) ; Gardner
s.n. (Lloyd 51407) (BPI) ; Hay s.n. (Lloyd 51409) (BPI). SWEDEN.
Smith s.n. ex Mus. Berlin (NY); Smith s.n. (HF); Oxsholl s.n. ex
Herb. Kew (HF); Romell s.n. (Lloyd 50967), s.n. (Lloyd 50968), s.n.
(Lloyd 50969), s.n. (Lloyd 51434) (BPI); Lloyd s.n. (Lloyd 50970)
(BPI). SWITZERLAND. Mutter 2141 ex Herb. Barbey-Boissier
(HF). DENMARK. Breitung s.n. (Lloyd 51420) (BPI); Lind s.n.
(Lloyd 52804). ROUMANIA. Savulescu 490 (HF). RUSSIA.
Boaholts s.n. (HF); Wulff s.n. (Lloyd 51421). GREECE. Maire
1127 (Lloyd 51428). AZORES. Trelease s.n. (BPI). SOUTH
AFRICA. Verwoerd 2 (Lloyd 34388) (BPI) ; Duthie 94 (Lloyd 52714),
s.n. (Lloyd 52715), 93 (Lloyd 52716) (BPI). NATAL: Nitenkage 106
(BPI). TRANSVAAL. Evans s.n. (Lloyd 52713) (BPI). INDIA.
Koelz 61-a (BPI); Butler s.n. (Lloyd 52717) (BPI). AUSTRALIA.
Cleland 297 (Lloyd 3893), 855 (Lloyd 14373) (BPI); Wilson s.n.
(Lloyd 52705), s.n. (Lloyd 52802); Paul s.n. (Lloyd 52706), s.n.
(Lloyd 52707), s.n. (Lloyd 52708), s.n. (Lloyd 52712), s.n. (Lloyd
52808 (BPI) ; McAlpine s.n. (Lloyd 52709), s.n. (Lloyd 52710) (BPI);
Turner s.n. (Lloyd 52711) (BPI); Romell s.n. (Lloyd 52803) (BPI);
Tepper s.n. (Lloyd 52807) (BPI). TASMANIA: Rodway 924 (Lloyd
5184) (BPI). VICTORIA: Semmens 23 (Lloyd 14840), 22 (Lloyd
16460), 20 (Lloyd 50110) (BPI). NEW SOUTH WALES: Mattirolo s.n.
(Lloyd 50964) (BPI) ; Cleland 356 (Lloyd 52704) (BPI). NEW ZEA-
LAND. Theissen s.n. (HF); Northcroft s.n. (Lloyd 28949) (BPI);
Laing s.n. (Lloyd 52693), s.n. (Lloyd 52694), s.n. (Lloyd 52695)
(BPI); Barker s.n. (Lloyd 52696) (BPI); Dunn s.n. (Lloyd 52697),
s.n. (Lloyd 52698), s.n. (Lloyd 52699) (BPI); Duncan s.n. (Lloyd
52700) (BPI) ; Tennant s.n. (Lloyd 52701) (BPI) ; Brown s.n. (Lloyd
52702), s.n. (Lloyd 52703), s.n. (Lloyd 51929) (BPI); Barker s.n.
(Lloyd 52809) (BPI) ; Schencenitz 2257 (Lloyd 58586) (BPI) ; Cun-
ningham 570 (Lloyd 14276), 699 (Lloyd 14372) (BPI); Cunningham
1130 (HF). PHILIPPINES. Brown 2401 (HF).

Vascellum subpratense (Lloyd) P. Ponce, comb. nov. Lycoper-
don subpratense Lloyd, Myc. Writ. 2: 231. 1905. L. multiceptum
Lloyd, Letter 53: 9. 1914. Calvatia subpratense (Lloyd) Coker &
Zeller, Myc. 39: 305. 1947. Vascellum pratense (Pers.) Kreisel subsp.

114 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 32

subpratense (Lloyd) Kreisel, Feddes Rep. 68: 86. 1963. Calvatia de-
pressa (Bon.) Zeller & Smith, Lloydia 27: 171. 1964.

Fructifications depressed globose or turbinate, 2.5-5 cm. high, 2-4 cm. broad;
outer peridium white, covered with small, soft, dark-brown spines, united at their
apices, mixed with tiny simple spines and furfuraceous granules which fall away at
maturity; inner peridium thin, dark, inner surface at first densely felted with the
bases of capillitium threads, but becoming shiny and metallic with age, dehiscing
by several stellate lobes which break up and fall away until the upper portion of the
peridium has disappeared; sterile base of gleba prominent, of large cells, at first
white, then brownish or purplish, cup-shaped, separate from the fertile part of the
gleba by a definite membranaceous diaphragm that becomes shining and metallic
in old specimens; gleba white becoming yellowish-olive and finally light brownish-
olive; capillitium scanty at maturity, attached to the inner surface of the peridium
and the diaphragm, pale brown; paracapillitium irregular, up to 4 /x in diameter,
sparingly branched, breaking up into short sections; spores spherical, smooth, pale
olivaceous, 3.2-4.7 n; glebal membranes present.

Distribution: North America.

Type: A. B. Seymour 6087, Cambridge, Mass. (Lloyd 51437) as
L. pratense.

Vascellum subpratense is one of the most common puffballs in
lawns and pastures in North America; it often has been collected in
Oregon and Washington by Zeller.

Discussion: I believe this is a valid species and not, as Kreisel
thought, a subspecies of L. pratense. It differs in the persistent
threads of the capillitium found mostly in the center of the gleba,
and in the darker color of the exoperidial spines.

Material observed: UNITED STATES. MASSACHUSETTS: Sey-
mour 6088 (Type) (Lloyd 51437) (BPI); Mackintosh s.n. (Lloyd
13207) (BPI) ; Mischener 1724 (BPI). OREGON: Marsh 8-273 (Lloyd
13178), 3581 (Lloyd 13179) (BPI); Chambers 7720 (Lloyd 13180)
(BPI) ; Gilbert s.n. OSC Herb. 7146 (BPI) ; Sprague s.n. OSC Herb.
7792 (BPI); Smith 55617 (MICH); Carpenter 64c (MICH); Zeller
1854 (Lloyd 14863) (BPI); Lake 6122 (Lloyd 51417) (BPI); Zeller
8430, 8437, 8440, and 7 s.n. as Calvatia subpratense, 8397 as Lycoper-
don subpratense (NY) ; Murrill 979, 974 as Calvatia subpratense (NY) .
WASHINGTON: Piper 629 (Lloyd 13181), 700 (Lloyd 13182) (BPI);
Suksdorf 622 (Lloyd 13183), 1007 (Lloyd 13184), 674 (Lloyd 13185),
672 (Lloyd 13210) (BPI) ; Kaufman 3 (Lloyd 51422) (BPI) ; Stillinger
3650 (ex Herb. Long) (BPI); Parker 35 (NY). CALIFORNIA: Hunt
5484 (Lloyd 13186), 5861 (Lloyd 13187) (BPI); Macoun 29 (Lloyd
51423) (BPI); Hill 7129 (Lloyd 51424) (BPI); Wilden 2 (Lloyd
51425) (BPI); Ehrhorn 6404 (Lloyd 51426) (BPI); Lowe 7061 (Lloyd

PONCE DE LEON: REVISION OF VASCELLUM 115

FIELD MUSEUM OF
NATURAL HISTORY

' NEGATIVE NO.

I 1 1 J 1 1

inches

centimeters
II 21

1 1 1 1

3| 4|

JL •_!_.

FIG. 1. Vascellum curtisii (Berk.) Kreisel. Wright 120. Japan. (As Type
of Lycoperdon plicatum Berk. & Curt.) (FH)

51427) (BPI) ; Morse s.n. (NY) ; Clemens s.n. ex Zeller (NY) ; Morse
431b as Lycoperdon depressum (NY); Murrill 1117 as Cakatia sub-
pratense (NY). IOWA: Mcbride 18 (Lloyd 51433), 7 (Lloyd 51436)
(BPI). BRAZIL. Eiten 4480 (NY).

Vascellum curtisii (Berk.) Kreisel, Feddes Rep. 68: 86. 1963.
Lycoperdon plicatum Berk. & Curt. Proc. Amer. Acad. Art. & Sci. 4:
125. 1859. L. curtisii Berk. Grevillea 2: 50. 1873. L. wrightii Berk. &
Curt. Grevillea 2: 50. 1873.

This species had been considered to be identical to Vascellum
pratense. It can be separated by its smaller fructification, less well-
developed sterile base and thinner diaphragm.

Material observed: UNITED STATES. ILLINOIS: Moffat 1451
(F 1231416), 1040 (F 1231422), 1053 (F 321729), 1083 (F 1231696),
4345 (Lloyd 22919), 6439 (Lloyd 22920) (F) ; Harper 3425
(F 1286982), s.n. (F 1286988) (F); Schneck s.n. (BPI). MASSACHU-
SETTS: Sargent s.n. (BPI); Minins s.n. (BPI); Stevenson s.n. (BPI),
Underwood 986 (NY); Dons 5765 (Lloyd 22900), 4312 (Lloyd 22901)
(BPI); Fessenden 5565 (Lloyd 22902) (BPI); Jenks 7449 (Lloyd
22903), 6969 (Lloyd 22904) (BPI); Crosby 5716 (Lloyd 22905), 5466

116 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 32

(Lloyd 52256) (BPI). MARYLAND: Lambert s.n. (BPI); Shear s.n.
(BPI); Pollock s.n. (BPI); Parker s.n. ex Hawaii Univ. Herb. 4344
(BPI). VIRGINIA: Charles s.n. (BPI); Humphrey s.n. (BPI); Linder
s.n. (FH). MAINE: Harvey s.n. (BPI) ; Pannel s.n. (BPI) ; Gould s.n.
(FH). NORTH CAROLINA: Curtis 558 (Lloyd 58714) (BPI); Cooker

FIG. 2. Vascellum curtisii (Berk.) Kreisel. Harper 3425, Genesco, Illinois.
(As Lycoperdon wrightii Berk. & Curt.) (F)

7549 ex Herb. Univ. N.C. (FH). DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: Stevenson
s.n. (BPI); Rose s.n. (BPI); Braendle 9 (Lloyd 13573), s.n. (Lloyd
13574) (BPI). DELAWARE: Jackson 1 (Lloyd 22915) (BPI). CON-
NECTICUT: Wright 1251 (ex type Kew as L. curtisii) (Lloyd 58779)
(BPI). NEW YORK: Dudley s.n. (BPI); Harper s.n. (NY); Under-
wood s.n. (NY); Banker 1027 (NY); Murrill 1168 (NY); Brown 132
(ex Ellis Coll.) (NY) ; Jackson 46-D (NY) ; Burt s.n. (FH) ; Lodewick
& Bennington 76 (Lloyd 16457); Lloyd 7136 (Lloyd 22917); Clute
4289 (Lloyd 22918) (BPI). NEW JERSEY: Hames s.n. (BPI); Shear
s.n. (BPI) ; Ellis 45 (NY) ; Peck 5 (ex Ellis coll.) (NY) ; Bates 504
(NY); W.S.S. Jr. 378 (ex Ellis Coll.) (NY); Ellis s.n. (NY); Ellis
298, 5029, 1943, 298 (ex Ellis Coll.) (NY); Ellis s.n. (Lloyd 22912)
(BPI). WEST VIRGINIA: Lloyd 5675 (Lloyd 13560) (BPI); Bout-
lau 55 (Lloyd 52262). PENNSYLVANIA: Herbst 5437 (Lloyd 13561),
5442 (Lloyd 22898) (BPI); Burgin 5768 (Lloyd 22899) (BPI).
VERMONT: Burt s.n. (FH); Bringle s.n. (FH); Lloyd 7246 (Lloyd
52261) (BPI). NEW HAMPSHIRE: Farlow s.n. (FH); Burnet s.n.
(FH) ; Peck s.n. (FH) ; Trelease s.n. (FH). TENNESSEE: Sharp 19550,
19555 (BPI) ; Hesler s.n. (BPI) ; Murrill 726 (NY) . INDIANA : Bechtel
11 (Lloyd 25444) (BPI); Stuart s.n. (NY). ALABAMA: Burke 7
(Lloyd 52460) (BPI). KENTUCKY: Lloyd s.n. (Lloyd 14766) (BPI).
OHIO: Dawson 6714 (Lloyd 13556), 6712 (Lloyd 22909), 6700 (Lloyd

PONCE DE LEON: REVISION OF VASCELLUM 117

52257) (BPI); Lloyd 4126 (Lloyd 13557), 2803 (Lloyd 22907), 1473
(Lloyd 22980) (BPI); Moore 5093 (Lloyd 13558), 5257 (Lloyd 13559)
(BPI) ; Graves 1338 (Lloyd 14369) (BPI) ; Smith 8699 (Lloyd 22906)
(BPI) ; Bohn 5790 (Lloyd 54261) (BPI) ; Lloyd s.n. ex Herb. Curtis
(FH). MICHIGAN: Trelease s.n. (BPI) ; Tucker s.n. (BPI) ; Weld 6570
(Lloyd 13562) (BPI). WISCONSIN: Trelease s.n. (BPI); Stillinger
s.n. (Long 10280) (BPI); Stillinger s.n. ex Herb. Mo. Bot. Gard.
(BPI); Schuster s.n. (BPI); Dodge s.n. (NY); Trelease s.n. (FH);
Denniston 43 (Lloyd 13571) (BPI). MISSOURI: Trelease s.n. (2)
(BPI) ; Glatfelter s.n. (BPI) ; Panmel s.n. (BPI) ; Demetrio 14, 311 (ex
Ellis Coll.) (NY); Trelease s.n. (ex Ellis Coll.) (NY); Zeller 1557
(NY); Humphrey s.n. (2) (FH); Duggar 4044 (Lloyd 13564) (BPI);
Demetrio 6591 (Lloyd 22922) (BPI) ; Zeller 1557 (Lloyd 19266) (BPI).
KANSAS: Bartholomew s.n. (2) (BPI), s.n. (FH), s.n. (Lloyd 22916)
(BPI); Bartholomew in Ellis & Everhart Fungi Columbiani 895 (F).
NEBRASKA: Bartholomew in Ellis & Everhart 2734 (NY), (F); Bates
6493 (Lloyd 13569) (BPI). MINNESOTA: Cook 6002 (Lloyd 22921)
(BPI); Crewe 8740 (Lloyd 13565) (BPI); Howe 8-203 (Lloyd 53115)
(BPI). SOUTH DAKOTA: Williams s.n. (BPI); Carter 5895 (Lloyd
22914) (BPI). NORTH DAKOTA: Brenkle s.n., 7682 (Lloyd 22913),
755 (Lloyd 13566), s.n. (Lloyd 13567), 95 (Lloyd 17925), s.n.
(Lloyd 52263) (BPI) ; Brenkle 95, 58 ex Sydow, 775 (NY) ; Crouch 2
Ellis Coll. (NY). MONTANA: Kelzey 92, 50 Ellis Coll. (NY); Rape-
man 6424 (Lloyd 13568) (BPI). TEXAS: Long 2040, 2064, 2115, 8912
(BPI) ; Long s.n. (Lloyd 22910), 2064 (Lloyd 22911) (BPI) ; Fisher 66
(Lloyd 52250) (BPI); Gerald 12 (Lloyd 52251) (BPI). NEW MEX-
ICO: Stouffer in Herb. Long 8480, 8743, 8826, 8482, 9188, 9222 (BPI);
Wagot in Long Herb. 7755 (BPI); Piper s.n. (BPI). COLORADO:
Ellis 352 (NY); Ellis Fung. Columbiani 895 (Supplement and In-
serted) (F); Sterling 5522 (Lloyd 13570) (BPI). ARIZONA: Sanberg
in Herb. Long 8876 (BPI). CALIFORNIA: Asheley s.n. (BPI); Cope-
land s.n. (BPI); Bonar s.n. (BPI); Zeller 9043 (NY). OREGON:
Zeller 2229 (NY). WASHINGTON: Stillinger s.n. (BPI). PUERTO
RICO. Harper 9018 ex Herb. Illinois Univ. (NY); Stevens 7014
(NY); Ste0ewss.il. (NY). BERMUDA. Seaver 138 (NY). CAN-
ADA: J.D. 2417 in Ellis Coll. (NY) : Loveland ex Myc. Herb. Ottawa
29472 (FH);Macom6 6836 (Lloyd 13563), 6835 (Lloyd 52462) (BPI).
ECUADOR. Miele 6239 (Lloyd 53116), 6089 (Lloyd 53113) (BPI).
EUROPE. No country cited: Ravenel 74, 91 (NY). ST. VINCENT,
W. I. Patterson 7173 (Lloyd 53122) (BPI). TOBAGO. Metten
7178 (Lloyd 53121) (BPI). PHILIPPINES. Graff & Brown
11003 (Lloyd 53129) (BPI). INDIA. Mundker s.n. (FH); Butler

118 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 32

294 (Lloyd 53110) (BPI). CEYLON: Fetch 4417 (Lloyd 37977),
6208 (Lloyd 37978) (BPI). INDONESIA, Java. Bernard 10115
(Lloyd 53109), 8878 (Lloyd 53119) (BPI). SINGAPORE. Chipp
5489 (Lloyd 21075) (BPI). CHINA, NANKING: Teng 7487 (BPI).
KUANGSI: Deng 4318 (BPI). JAPAN. Gono 8088 (Lloyd 53120)
(BPI). Nishida 5 (Lloyd 30611) (BPI); Yasuda 11 (Lloyd 33128)
(BPI); Wright 120 (Type of L. plicatum) (FH). AFRICA. No
country cited: Mattirola s.n. (Lloyd 28933) (BPI). MAURITIUS:
O'Connor 7031 (Lloyd 531 12) (BPI). EAST AFRICA. Brown 5116
(Lloyd 53114) (BPI).

Vascellum cruciatum (Rostk.) P. Ponce, comb. nov. Lycoper-
don cruciatum Rostk. in Sturn, Deust. Fl. 3 (12) : 19. 1844. L. sepa-
rans Peck, Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 26: 73. 1874. L. wrightii B. & C.
var. separans Peck, I.e. 67. L. pampeanum Speg. Teste Swoboda
(Kreisel 1962).

Fructifications globose or depressed, often plicate beneath, 1.2-4.5 cm. high
and nearly always broader than high; outer peridium at first white, later pink, and
finally clay to deep brown, composed of densely set, sharp, erect warts with their
tips cohering, at maturity breaking up into large or small flakes, usually beginning
in a median line but often rupturing everywhere or at many points at once; inner
peridium olivaceous brown, covered with a brown furfurescence which disappears
leaving the surface paler and shining, dehiscing by a wide stellate opening; sterile
base composed of large cells, occupying the stem and lower part of the body,
separated by a distinct line or a thin diaphragm from the fertile portion, and per-
sisting after the top has disappeared; capillitium composed of light-colored, spar-
ingly branched, septate threads; paracapillitium abundant, hyaline, septate and
branched; spores globose, smooth, 4 ju in diameter, pedicel slender, caducous.

Distribution: Europe, North America, South America.
Habitat: In cultivated fields and in woods.

Discussion: This plant is very common in North America. It is
known in Europe as Lycoperdon cruciatum Rostk. I do not think
that it is referable to L. candidum or to L. marginatum, which it re-
sembles in the way the exoperidium peels, but it has different capil-
litium (colored in the American plants) and a diaphragm that sep-
arates the two portions of the gleba, characters which do not occur
in L. candidum or L. marginatum.

Material observed: UNITED STATES. NEW YORK: Ellis s.n.,
2959C (NY); Murrill s.n. (NY); Underwood 254 (NY) ; Fischer s.n.
(NY); Fischer 91 (Lloyd 53055) (BPI); Latham 478 (Lloyd 25424)
(BPI) ; Rhoads 82 (Lloyd 19271) (BPI) ; Pennington 78 (Lloyd 50115)

PONCE DE LEON: REVISION OF VASCELLUM

119

w

FlG. 3. Vascellum cruciatum (Rostk.) P. Ponce. Harper 3434-A, Geneseo,
Illinois. (As Lycoperdon cruciatum Rostk.) (F)

(BPI); Peck 6007 (Lloyd 53056) (BPI). NEW JERSEY: Ellis s.n.,
125 (NY); Lloyd 6621 (NY); H. A. Bud s.n. (Lloyd 6629) (NY);
Dallas 6747 (Lloyd 51041) (BPI); Bird 6626 (Lloyd 53062) (BPI);
Sterling 5424 (Lloyd 52776), 64 (Lloyd 5289) (BPI) ; Rose 245 (Lloyd
50116) (BPI). WEST VIRGINIA: Lloyd 5697 (Lloyd 51014), 5682
(Lloyd 51159), 0301 (Lloyd 52781) (BPI); Walmesley 3584 (Lloyd
52771) (BPI); Selvy 5847 (Lloyd 52772) (BPI). VIRGINIA: Murrill
7194 (NY). CONNECTICUT: White s.n. (NY); Birch 5477 (Lloyd
52639) (BPI); Ely 6385 (Lloyd 52765) (BPI). MASSACHUSETTS:
Mackintosh 4362 (Lloyd 51021), 5944 (Lloyd 51025), 3593 (Lloyd
52756), 7087 (Lloyd 52757), 7083 (Lloyd 53041) (BPI); Cummings

120 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 32

6326 (Lloyd 51022) (BPI) ; Jenks 6687 (Lloyd 51024) (BPI) ; Preston
& Dean 6462 (Lloyd 51023) (BPI) ; Crosby 05463 (Lloyd 51026), 5716
(Lloyd 51142) (BPI); Davis 5822 (Lloyd 51143), 6722 (Lloyd 51144),
5494 (Lloyd 51145), 5977 (Lloyd 52632), 5513 (Lloyd 52759), 5913
(Lloyd 52631), 5720 (Lloyd 52633), 5714 (Lloyd 53034), 6939 (Lloyd
53038) (BPI); Warner 5581 (Lloyd 51035) (BPI); Sargent 5583a
(Lloyd 51146) (BPI) ; Blackjord 4286 (Lloyd 52630) (BPI) ; Seymour
6087 (Lloyd 52755) (BPI); Sargent 5657 (Lloyd 52758) (BPI).
MARYLAND: Shear s.n. (BPI); Fisher 1154 (Lloyd 52763), 11101
(Lloyd 52764) (BPI). VERMONT: Humphrey s.n., ex Herb. Sargent
(FR);Burt (Authentic) (FH). MAINE: Seam- s.n. (NY);'Ricker 5369a
(Lloyd 51036) (BPI). PENNSYLVANIA: Underwood 821, 822 (NY);
Herbt s.n. (FH); Gardner 5557 (Lloyd 51038) (BPI); Burgen 5628
(Lloyd 53052) (BPI); Dallas 6387 (Lloyd 51039), 5546 (Lloyd 51040)
(BPI); Baker 6788 (Lloyd 52638) (BPI). NEW HAMPSHIRE: Mont-
gomery 5649 (Lloyd 51017), 3641 (Lloyd 51155), 5648 (Lloyd 52626)
(BPI) ; Jones 5608 (Lloyd 51154), 7724 (Lloyd 52644) ; Theobald 5113
(Lloyd 51156) (BPI); Smith 5001 (Lloyd 52766). SOUTH CAROLINA:
Rabel 73 (NY); Rolfs 5348 (Lloyd 53050), 5360 (Lloyd 53051) (BPI).
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: Cook s.n. (BPI) ; Braendle 6537 (Lloyd 51019)
(BPI); Sewall 3554 (Lloyd 53046) (BPI). DELAWARE: Chester 5326
(Lloyd 52775) (BPI). NORTH CAROLINA: Katzenstein 6397 (Lloyd
51020) (BPI) ; Lehman 5018 (Lloyd 51160) (BPI) ; Patest 3620 (Lloyd
53054 (BPI). GEORGIA: Benson 523 (Lloyd 52780) (BPI). FLORIDA:
Pleas 7227 (Lloyd 51010), 7516 (Lloyd 53032) (BPI) ; Culbertson 2119
(Lloyd 51135) (BPI); Mead 7025 (Lloyd 51137), 6733 (Lloyd 53034),
6634 (Lloyd 53035), 6636 (Lloyd 52654), 6748 (Lloyd 52760) (BPI);
Webster 6148 (Lloyd 51138) (BPI) ; Lloyd 4845 (Lloyd 52648) (BPI) ;
Fisher 10986 (Lloyd 53030), 7533 (Lloyd 53031), 7844 (Lloyd 52651),
7181 (Lloyd 52649), 10985 (Lloyd 52650) (BPI); Hume 5953 (Lloyd
53033) (BPI); Baker 6781 (Lloyd 53036), 6764 (Lloyd 52652), 6543
(Lloyd 52653) (BPI); Noble 3546 (Lloyd 51011), 6665) 2 (Lloyd
51136), 6704 (Lloyd 52761), 6666 (Lloyd 52762) (BPI). ALABAMA:
Earle s.n. (2) (NY); Underwood s.n. (2), no. 5 (NY); Baker 10 ex
Herb. Morgan (NY); Bertolet 7112 (Lloyd 51131) (BPI). TENNES-
SEE: Percival 6883 (Lloyd 52779) (BPI). MISSISSIPPI: Piper s.n.
(Lloyd 25312) (BPI). ARKANSAS: Brenckle 4 (Lloyd 25332), 4a
(Lloyd 50590) (BPI); Howell 5554 (Lloyd 52778) (BPI). OHIO:
Lloyd 2655 (BPI); Lloyd s.n. (FH); Lloyd 1774 (Lloyd 51030), 4201
(51150), 4173 (Lloyd 51151), 20 (Lloyd 52635) (BPI); Lawater s.n.
(Lloyd 3897), s.n. (Lloyd 14666), s.n. (Lloyd 14665), s.n. (Lloyd

PONCE DE LEON: REVISION OF VASCELLUM 121

14667) (BPI); Arrick 5530 (Lloyd 51149) (BPI); Bohn 5978 (Lloyd
51148) (BPI) ; Brewer 6710 (Lloyd 52634) (BPI) ;Dawson 6711 (Lloyd
52636) (BPI) ; Smith 8621 (Lloyd 52645) (BPI) ; Holden 6800 (Lloyd
52782) (BPI) ; True 5636 (Lloyd 52783) (BPI) ; Morgan 3099 (Lloyd
53049) (BPI). INDIANA: Underwood s.n. (NY); Dorner 5973 (Lloyd
51018), 7387 (Lloyd 53048) (BPI). MICHIGAN: Bardslee s.n. (2)
(FH); Bardslee 5281 (Lloyd 51027) (BPI); Longyear 5376 (Lloyd
53060) (BPI). JLLINOIS: Harper 3434 (F 1286987) (F); Moffat s.n.
(F 1231738) (F); Moffat 6433 (Lloyd 5147), 6430 (Lloyd 52757)
(BPI) ; Bertholet 6953 (Lloyd 52637) (BPI) ; McDougall 44 (Lloyd
53058) (BPI). WISCONSIN: King s.n. (BPI) ; Dodge 626 (NY) ; Den-
niston 7356 (Lloyd 52641), 7357 (Lloyd 52770) (BPI); Wis. Myc.
Club 6818 (Lloyd 52642) (BPI). MISSOURI: Massee s.n. (ex Herb.
Trelease) (NY); Zetter s.n., 1559 (NY); Zetter 1559 (Lloyd 19256)
(BPI); Demetrio 6619 (Lloyd 52773) (BPI); Baldwin 3567 (Lloyd
51037) (BPI); Glatfelter 5808 (Lloyd 52774) (BPI). KANSAS: Bar-
tholomew s.n. (ex Herb. Flora of Kansas) (FH); Bartholomew 2300
(Lloyd 51028) (BPI). KENTUCKY: Lloyd 000 (Lloyd 52646) (BPI).
TEXAS: Fischer s.n. (ex Herb. Banker) (NY); Fisher 90a (Lloyd
51033), 68 (Lloyd 53057) (BPI) ; Ball s.n. (BPI), 10172 (Lloyd 50782)
(BPI); Long 1829 (Lloyd 51132), 7222 (Lloyd 51133), 8182 (Lloyd
52640), 1822 (Lloyd 53053) (BPI); Stiles 4239 (Lloyd 51134) (BPI).
MINNESOTA: Survey 5932 (Lloyd 51013) (BPI); Whetstone 7434
(Lloyd 53442) (BPI) ; Mead 31 (Lloyd 53043) (BPI) ; Ely 5843 (Lloyd
52754) (BPI). NEW MEXICO: Archer 12 (Lloyd 50117) (BPI).
IDAHO: Stillinger 1937 (Lloyd 5030) (BPI). IOWA: Waldron 5653
(Lloyd 52777) (BPI); Clarke 5191 (Lloyd 52647) (BPI). NEBRASKA:
Bates 533 (Lloyd 51031), 6495 (Lloyd 51141), 6508 (Lloyd 52628)
(BPI). COLORADO: Bessey 6526C (Lloyd 51042) (BPI). SOUTH
DAKOTA: Ernst 5349 (Lloyd 51153) (BPI); Carter 5255 (Lloyd 52627)
(BPI). WYOMING: Davis 12750 (Lloyd 53041). ARIZONA: McClutchie
s.n. (NY). CALIFORNIA: McClutchie s.n. (NY); McCabe s.n. (F);
Rhoads 7 (Lloyd 14829) (BPI); Greata 6362 (Lloyd 52625) (BPI);
Clancy 1758 (Lloyd 53059) (BPI). OREGON: Zetter s.n., 2022 (NY).
PUERTO RICO. ARECIBO: Los Canos, Earle s.n. (NY); Earle s.n.
(NY) -.Johnston s.n. (Lloyd 53139) (BPI). ECUADOR. Mitte 5959
(Lloyd 53144), 6090 (Lloyd 53145) (BPI). BRAZIL. Rick 160, 36
(Lloyd 53146), 6024 (Lloyd 50712) (BPI). URUGUAY. Herter 61104
(NY). ARGENTINA. Stucker 6034 (Lloyd 53143) (BPI). AUS-
TRALIA. Cleland s.n. (Lloyd 14675) (BPI); Steward 8 (Lloyd

122 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 32

53140) (BPI). INDIA. Butler 5388 (Lloyd 53141) (BPI). CEN-
TRAL AFRICA. Henningss.n. (Lloyd 53142).

Vascellum djurense (P. Henn.) P. Ponce comb. nov. Lycoperdon
djurensis P. Henn. Beiblatt zur Hedwigia 40 (4) : 100. 1901. L. endo-
tephrum Pat. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 300. 1902.

Fructifications subglobose, pulvinate or obconic, 2-5 cm. high, 1-2.3 cm. wide;
outer peridium first white or yellowish, later pale brownish or greyish, covered with
white, pyramidal warts which consist of groups of broad spines united at the apices,
at maturity breaking up in patches from the apex downward ; inner peridium first
whitish, then greyish ochraceous, dried specimens brownish, aerolate when fresh
but drying smooth, with an irregularly rounded opening; gleba white, becoming
olivaceous brown to purplish, diaphragm membranaceous, sterile base cellular,
whitish to pale brownish; paracapillitium hyaline, septate, 4-5 /* in diameter, spar-
ingly branched; capillitium abundant, of long-branched threads; glebal mem-
branes abundant, irregularly shaped; spores 3.5-4 /j in diameter, globose, verru-
cose, hyaline to purplish tinted, with one gutta and a 1-2 p. long pedicel.

Distribution: Central African Rep., Congo, and South Africa.
Habitat: On ground among grass, solitary or gregarious.
Type: P. Henning s.n. Central African Rep. (Lloyd 24660).

Discussion: This species has the capillitium and the spores hya-
line or subhyaline, as in Vascellum pratense from which it differs in
the purple color of the gleba and in the broadly oval spores.

Material observed: CENTRAL AFRICAN REP. Henning s.n.
Type (Lloyd 24660) (BPI), ex type of Berlin (Lloyd 58720) (BPI).
SOUTH AFRICA. PRETORIA: Bottomley 11860 (Lloyd 24058);
NATAL: Van der Byl 462 (Lloyd 24659) (BPI). SOUTH RHO-
DESIA. SALISBURY: Duthie 76 (Lloyd 51768), 302 (Lloyd 51767)
(BPI).

Vascellum abscissum (R. E. Fries) Kreisel, Fedde Rep. 64: 159.
1961. Lycoperdon abscissum R. E. Fries, Ark. fur Bot. 8 (11) : 8. 1909.

Fructifications subglobose, pulvinate, or obconic, 2-5 cm. high, 1-2.3 cm. wide;
outer peridium first white or yellowish, later pale brownish or greyish color, cov-
ered with white, pyramidal warts which consist of groups of broad spines united at
the apices; inner peridium greyish ochraceous, dried specimens brownish, smooth,
with a wide, roundish opening; gleba white, becoming olivaceous brown to purplish,
diaphragm membranaceous, sterile base cellular, whitish to pale brownish; para-
capillitium hyaline, septate, 4-5 n in diameter, sparingly branched; capillitium
abundant, of long-branched threads 3-4 /* in diameter; glebal membranes abun-
dant, irregularly shaped; spores 2.5-3 ^ in diameter, globose, smooth, hyaline to
purplish.

PONCE DE LEON: REVISION OF VASCELLUM 123

Distribution: South America.

Habitat: Open ground.

Type: Fries 243, southern Bolivia.

Discussion: This species is very close to V. djurense, from which
it differs by its smooth spores and by its lack of a pedicel.

Material observed: SOUTH AMERICA: BOLIVIA (?). Fries
s.n. ex Herb. Patouillard 1650 (Cotype) (FH). BOLIVIA. Fries 415,
258 (Lloyd 51750) (BPI). ARGENTINA. Fries s.n. ex Long Herb.
11160 (BPI).

Vascellum qudenii (Bottom.) P. Ponce, comb. nov. Lycoperdon
qudenii Bottom. Bothalia 4: 359. 1948.

The presence of a well-defined diaphragm places this species in
Vascellum, and except for the sparsely branched nonseptate capil-
litium it appears to be related to Vascellum pratense.

Vascellum angulatum (Dissing & Lange) P. Ponce, comb. nov.
Lycoperdon angulatum Dissing & Lange, Bull. Jard. Bot. Etat Brux-
elles32:352. 1962.

The presence of a diaphragm between the gleba and the sterile
base and the hyaline or faintly pale brownish violet capillitium place
this species in Vascellum. This species is closely related to V. cru-
ciatum.

Vascellum rhodesianum (Verwoerd) P. Ponce, comb. nov. Ly-
coperdon rhodesianum Verwoerd, S. African Journ. Sci. 25: 237. 1928.

Because of the furfuraceous exoperidium and the unbranched,
uniform, non-septate, brown capillitium, this species apparently has
no close relationship to any other species of Vascellum.

LIST OF ACCEPTED NAMES AND SYNONYMS

Accepted names in bold face

Synonyms in italics

abscissum R. E. Fries (Lycoperdon) Vascellum abscissum

abscissum (R. E. Fries) Kreisel Vascellum

angulatum Dissing & Lange (Lycoperdon) Vascellum angulatum

angulatum (Dissing & Lange) P. Ponce Vascellum

caelatum Fries (Lycoperdon) Vascellum pratense

cruciatum Rostk. (Lycoperdon) Vascellum cruciatum

cruciatum (Rostk.) P. Ponce . .Vascellum

124 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 32

curtisii Berk. (Lycoperdori) Vascellum curtisii

curtisii (Berk.) Kreisel Vascellum

depressa (Bon.) Zeller & Smith (Calvatia) Vascellum subpratense

depressa Moravec (Calvatia) Vascellum pratense

depressum Bon. (Lycoperdon) Vascellum pratense

depressum (Bon.) Smarda (Vascellum) Vascellum pratense

djurensis Henn. (Lycoperdon) Vascellum djurense

djurense (Henn.) P. Ponce Vascellum

gemmatum a. pratense Schroet. (Lycoperdon) Vascellum pratense

hiemale Bull. (Lycoperdon) Vascellum pratense

hyemale Vitt. (Lycoperdon) Vascellum pratense

hirium Pers. (Lycoperdon) Vascellum pratense

kalchbrenneri De Toni (Lycoperdon) Vascellum pratense

multiseptum Lloyd. (Lycoperdon) Vascellum subpratense

natalense Cke. & Mass. (Lycoperdon) Vascellum pratense

pampeanum Speg. (Lycoperdon) Vascellum cruciatum

plicatum Berk. & Curt. (Lycoperdon) Vascellum curtisii

pratense Pers. (Lycoperdon) Vascellum pratense

pratense (Pers.) Kreisel Vascellum

pratense (Pers.) Kreisel subsp. subpratense (Lloyd) Kreisel

(Vascellum) Vascellum subpratense

pratensis Quel. ( Utraria) Vascellum subpratense

qudenii Bottom. (Lycoperdon) Vascellum qudenii

qudenii (Bottom.) P. Ponce Vascellum

queletii De Toni (Bovista) Vascellum pratense

queletii Schultz. (Globaria) Vascellum pratense

rhodesianum Verwoerd (Lycoperdon) Vascellum rhodesianum

rhodesianum (Verwoerd) P. Ponce Vascellum

separans Peck (Lycoperdon) Vascellum cruciatum

subpratense Lloyd (Lycoperdon) Vascellum subpratense

subpratense (Lloyd) Coker & Zeller (Calvatia) Vascellum subpratense

subpratense (Lloyd) P. Ponce Vascellum

vitellinum Fries (Lycoperdon) Vascellum pratense

wrightii B. & C. (Lycoperdon) Vascellum curtisii

wrightii B. & C. var. separans Peck (Lycoperdon) Vascellum cruciatum

LITERATURE CITED

BOTTOMLEY, A. M.

1948. Gasteromycetes of South Africa. Bothalia: 473-810.

DISSING, H. and M. LANGE

1962. Gasteromycetes of Congo. Bull. J. Bot. Etat Bruxelles 32: 330-416.

FRIES, R. E.

1909. Uber einige Gasteromyceten aus Bolivia und Argentinien. Arkiv fur
Botanik 8 (11): pp. 1-34.

PONCE DE LEON: REVISION OF VASCELLUM 125

HENNING, P.

1901. Fungi Australiae Occidentalis I. Beiblatt 7-ur Hedwigia 40 (4): 100.

KREISEL, H.

1961. Die Lycoperdaceae Deutschen Demokratischen Republik. Feddes Rep.
64: 89-201.

1963. The Taxonomic Position of Lycoperdon curlisii Berk, and L. subpralensc
Lloyd. Feddes Rep. 68: 86-87.

LLOYD, C. G.

1905. The Genus Lycoperdon in Europe. Myc. Notes 205-214.
1905. The Lycoperdons of the United States. Myc. Writ. 2: 221-238.

MORAVEC, Z.

1954. On some species of the genus Disciseda and other Gasteromycetes.
Sydowia2 (8): 278-286.

SCHULZER, S.

1885. Einige neue Pilz-Species and Varietiiten aus Slavonien. Hedwigia 24:
129-151.

SMARDA, F.

1928. Lycoperdaceae (Vascellum). Fl. CSR. B-l: 304-308.

SMITH, A. H. and S. M. ZELLER

1964. The Genus Calvatia in North America. Lloydia 27: 148-186.

ZELLER, S. M.

1947. More Notes on Gasteromycetes. Myc. 39: 283-312.

ADDENDUM

During the examination of material recently borrowed from
National Fungus Collection for my study on Morganella, I observed
that Lycoperdon vanderystii Bresadola presents all the characteristics
of Vascellum.

Dissing and Lange (1962) were correct in their observation that
the gleba is separated from the subgleba, but contrary to their opin-
ion, a diaphragm is present. The isotype of Lycoperdon vanderystii
from Kisantu, Belgian Congo, in the Pathological and Mycological
Collection, Beltsville, Maryland, presents a well-defined diaphragm
dividing the subgleba from the gleba. Based on this material, I con-
sider Lycoperdon vanderystii Bresadola to belong in the genus Vas-
cellum and propose for it the name Vascellum vanderystii (Bresa-
dola) P. Ponce.

Material observed: DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: Kisantu,
Vanderyst s.n. ex Herb. Bresadola 39 isotype (BPI). BRASIL: Per-
nambuco: Casa Forte Recife, Barros Wanderley 2005 (BPI).

Discussion: This species is very close to Vascellum curtisii (Berke-
ley) Kreisel but differs in its oval spores with long pedicels.

Publications 1092, 1093, 1094 and 1095