miti6bnDu0euin(matural1fDi9torv),

TJiis is No. ^Z> of 2^ copies '^^v^ of
"A Revision of tlie Ichneunionidae''' {Part II.)
printed on special paper.

PRESENTED

BY

^be irru0tec9

OF

THE BRITISH MUSEUM,

^+^^^ A EEVISEON OF THE

^ ICHIS^EUMONIDAE

BASED ON THE COLLECTION IN THE

BRITISH ^MUSEUM (NATUllAL HISTORY)

WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES

PART 11.

TRIBES RHYSSIDES, ECHTHROMORPHIDES,
ANOMALIDES AND PANISCIDES.

CLAUDE MORLEY, F.Z.S. E.E.S.

<1^mn Inst/tij^

MAY 2 1913

LONDON

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THJ

BRITISH MUSEUM

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AND AT THE

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1913

(.4// Rights Reieri-ed)

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London.

PREFACE.

The present work, by Mr. Claude Morley, is a continua-
tion of the " Re\dsion " commenced by the same Author in
1912. It includes the Tribes Rhyssides, Echthromorphides,
Anomalides and Paniscides.

The thanks of the Trustees are again due to iMr. Rupert
Stenton, F.E.S., who has drawn and presented the figure
from which the Plate illustrating Part II. was reproduced.

SIDNEY F. HARMER.

British Museuivi (Natural History),
January. 1913.

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

Family— ICHNEUMONIDAE.

Subfamily— PIMPLINAE.

Tribe— RHYSSIDES.

PAGE

EPIRHYSSA, Cress 4

(Asia.)

1. carinifrons, Cam 6

2. flavopicta, Smith* ... 6

3. japonica, Cam.* 5

4. muUeri, Vol! 5

5. nigerrima, Mori.* 6

6. flavobalteata, Cam.* 7

7. maculicornis, Cam.* 5

8. maculiceps, Cam.* 7

9. bimaculata, Cam.* 7

(America. )
speciosa. Cress. . .
mexicana, Cress. * .
tricoloripes, Mocs.
alternata, Cress.*
amazonica, Mocs.
histrio, Kriech. . . .
tristis, Kriech.* . .

RHYSSA, Grav 9

(Westena. )

1. lineolata, Kirby* 10

2. persuasoria, Limi.* 10

3. alaskensis, Ashm 11

4. humida, Say 11

5. canadensis, Cress 12

(Eastern. )

1. approximator, Fab.* ....13

2. lanaria, Voll 13

3. mirabihs, Smith 13

4. fulva, Voll 13

5. fasciata, Smith 13

6. variilineata, Cam 14

7. fulvipemiis, Cam 14

8. claripennis, Cam 14

9. mesopyrrha, Mocs 14

PAGE
Rhyssa, Gra\'. — contd.
(New Zealand. )

1. fractinervis, Voll.* 15

2. clavula, Colenso 15

THALESSA, Holmgr 15

(Western. )

1. atrata, Fab.* 15

2. nitida, Cress 16

3. superba, Schr.* 16

4. lunator, Fab."^ 17

(Eastern.)

1. japonica, Ashm.* 18

2. superbiens, Mori.* 18

3. instigator. Smith* 19

4. nobilitator. Smith* 19

5. maculipennis. Smith* .... 20

6. nigritarsis, Cam.* 20

LYTARMES, Cam 21

1. maculipennis, Cam 21

2. hyalinipennis. Cam 21

APECHONEURA, Kriech. . . .22
(Paraneura, Mori. ) 22

1. rufata, Mocs 23

2. nigricornis, Mocs 23

(Apechoneura, Kriech.) 22

3. foveata, Mocs 23

4. nigritarsis, Cam.* 23

5. carinifrons. Cam.* 24

6. nigriventris, Mocs.* 24

7. pictiventris, Mocs.* 24

8. semilmiata, Mocs 24

9. longicauda, Kriech.* 25

10. major, Mori.* 25

11. minor, Mori.* 25

12. brevicauda, Kriech.* ....26

13. terminalis, Brulle* 26

* The species represented in the British SIuseiuTi are marked
with an asterisk.

ICHNEUMONIDAE.

Systematic Index — contd.

PAGE

CERTONOTUS, Kriech 26

1. geniculatus, Mori.* 28

2. vestigator, Smith* 28

3. nitiduliis, Mori 29

4. monticola, Mori.* 29

5. rufiLS, Mocs 30

6. labialis, Cam 30

7. seminiger, Krieg 30

8. rwfescens, Mori. * 30

Certonotus, Kreich. — contd.

9. amiulatus, Mori.* 31

10. apicalis, Mori.* 31

11. humeralifer, Krieg 31

12. flaviceps, Voll 31

13. hinnuleus, Krieg.* 32

14. veteratrix, Tosq 32

15. varius, Kriech 32

Tribe— ECHTHROMORPHIDES.

LISSOPIMPLA, Kriech 33

1. semipvmctata, Kirby* ...34

2. pacifica, Mori.* 35

3. octoguttata, Kriech 35

4. concolor, Krieg 35

5. stupenda, Tosq 35

6. scutata, Krieg.* 36

7. albopicta. Walk. * 36

8. rufipes, Cam 36

ECHTHROMORPHA, Holmgr. 36

1. intricatoria, Fab.* 39

2. bitecta, Moirl.* 39

3. exquisita, Mori.* 40

4. maxima, Krieg. * 40

5. plagiata, Smith* 41

6. gnathon, Krieg 37

7. tridens, Krieg 38

EcHTHROMORPHA.Holmgr. — contd.

8. atrata, Holmgr. * 41

9. conoplem-a, Krieg 38

10. immaculata, Krieg 38

11. walkeri, Cam.* 42

1 2. maculipennis, Holmgr. * . . 42

13. flavo-orbitalis, Cain.* ....42

14. nigricans, Krieg 38

15. macula, Brull6* 43

1 6. agrestoria, Swed. * 44

17. insidiator, Smith* 44

18. notulatoria. Fab.* 45

19. inermis, Mori.* 46

20. variegata, Brulle* 46

21. diversor, Mori.* 47

22. hyahna, Sauss. * 48

23. rnfa. Cam.* 48

24. semperi, Krieg.* 48

Subfamily— OPHIONINAE.
Tribe— ANOMALIDES .

EIPHOSOMA, Cresson 51

1. atrovittatum, Cress 52

2. azteca. Cress. * 52

3. parana, Mori.* 53

4. texana. Cress. * . 53

5. annulattmi, Cress. * 53

6. pyralidis, Ashm.* 54

7. mexicana, Cress. * 54

8. vitticolle, Cress.* 55

NESANOMALON, Mori.
1. dimidiatima, Mori.*

XiPHOSOMELLA, Szepl 57

1. brasiliensis, Szepl.* 57

2. tabascensis, Mori.* 58

METANOMALON, Mori 58

1. poliendum, Mori 59

PODOGASTER, Brulle.

1. coarctatus, Brulle*

2. spilopterus, Mori.*

3. albiditarsus, Mori. *

4. ruficaudatus, Mori.*

5. africanus, Mori.* . .

TRICHOMMA, Wesm 62

1. ruficoxis, Forst 63

2. occisor, Haberm 64

3. enecator, Rossi* 64

4. fulvidens, Wesm.* 64

5. minuta, Bridg. * 65

6. albicoxa, Mori.* 65

7. reticulata, Davis 65

8. nigricans, Cam.* 65

9. productor, Mori 66

ANOMALIDES.

Systematic Index — contd.

PAGE

SCHIZOLOMA, Wesm 66

1. confusa, Ashni 66

2. regalis, Mori.* 67

3. amicta, Fab.* 67

4. capitata, Desv.* 67

5. fulvicomis. Cam 67

HETEROPELMA, Wesm 68

1. fulvicome. Say.* 68

2. datanae, Riley* 69

3. sonorensis, Cami.* 69

4. calcator, Wesm.* 69

5. orbitalis, Mori 69

6. fulvitarse, Cam.* 70

7. peromatimi, Cam.* 70

8. nox, Mori.* 70

EXOCHILUM, Wesm 71

1. tenuipes, Norton* 73

2. diabolvLs, Mori 73

3. morio, Fab.* 73

4. acronyctae, Ashm 74

5. texanum, Ashm.* 74

6. fus'cipennis, Nort 74

7. ehinense, Mori.* 74

8. nigrvun, Prov 75

9. australasiae, Mori.* 75

10. brevicome, Grav.* 72

11. scaposmii, Mori.* 75

12. circmnflexum, Linn.* 76

13. neglectum, Mori.* 76

14. sulcator, Mori.* 77

15. triehiosoma, Cam.* 77

16. atrichiosoma, Mori.* .... 77

17. gigantemn, Grav.* 77

18. robustum, Mori.* 78

10. verticale, Mori.* 78

20. orbitalc, Mori.* 78

21. acheron, Mori.* 79

22. occidentale. Cress 79

MAGNIBUCCA, Mori 79

1. testacea, Mori 80

BARYLYPA, Forst 80

1. bipartita, Mori.* 80

2. xanthomelas, Brville 81

3. flavitarsis, Brull6 81

4. victoriana, Mori.* 81

5. trilineata. Cam.* 82

6. perturbans, Mori.* 82

ANOMALON, Jur 82

(Asia. )
1. brachypterum, Cam 83

PAGE

Anomalon, Jur. — contd.

2. carinifrons. Cam 83

3. decorum, Cam 83

4. tinctipenne, Cam.* 83

5. apicate, Cam.* 84

6. binghami, Cam 84

(America.)

1. curtum, Norton 84

2. buccatvmi, Mori.* 86

3. ambiguum, Nort 85

4. nigritum, Nort.* 86

5. peritum. Cress 85

6. semirufum, Nort 85

7. ferrugineum, Nort 85

8. relictum. Fab.* 86

9. fumipenne, Cress.* 86

10. anale, Say* 87

11. laterale, BruUe 85

12. orbitale, Cress.* 87

13. agnatum, Cress 85

14. hyaline, Norton 85

15. guatemalenvmi, Cam.* ... 87

16. nigrorufum, Nort.* 88

17. luteopectmn, Nort 85

18. vitticolle. Cress 85

19. prismaticum, Nort 85

20. magum, Cresson.* 88

21. metallictun, Nort 85

(Australia. )

1. coarctatvmi, BruUe 88

2. variicolor, Mori.* 88

SPILANOMALON, Mori 89

1. elegans, Cress.* 89

AGRYPON, Forst 89

(Asia. )

1. villosum, Tosq 90

2. flavifrons, Smith* 90

3. caliginosimi, Tosq 91

4. nox, Mori.* 91

5. variitarsum, Wesm.* ....91

6. tisiphone, Mori 92

7. sumatrense, Tosq 92

(Africa. )

1. primum, Mori.* 92

2. secundtmi, Mori.* 93

(Australia. )

1. ferrugineum, Mori.* 93

2. melanura, Mori. * 94

ICHNELTMONIDAE — ANOMALIDES.

Systematic Index. — contd.

Agbypon, Forst — contd
(America.)

1. scelerosum. Cress.*

2. lineiger, Mori.* . . .

3. residuum. Cress.*

4. flaviceps, Cam.* . .

5. flavopictum, Ashm.*

..94
..94
..95
..95
..96

PARANIA, Mori

1. nototrachoides, Mori.

P.^GE
. . . 9t)
. . .97

HYMENOPHARSALTA, Mori. 97

1. texana, Cress.* 98

2. virginiensis, C're.ss.* 99

3. mexieana, Mori.* 99

Tribe— PANISCIDES.

PANISCUS, Grav 102

(America.)

1. semirufus, Holmgr 104

2. brasiliensis, Szepl 104

3. geminatus, Say* 104

4. gerlingi, Schrot.* 106

5. nodulosus, Mori.* 107

6. testaceus, Grav.* 107

7. rufus, Brulle* 107

8. ignotixs, Mori.* 108

9. medius, Ashm 108

10. alaskensis, Ashm 108

11. immaculatus, Mori.* .... 109

12. albovariegatus, Prov. ...109

13. albotarsus, Prov 109

15. subfuscus. Cress.* 109

16. tinctipemiis, Cam.* 110

17. diversm, Szepl.* 110

18. fu-scipennis, Szepl* Ill

19. melanostigma, Cam Ill

20. liopleuris, Szepl.* Ill

21. texanus, Ashm.''= Ill

22. luciduliLS, Szepl HI

23. lugubris, Spin 112

(Africa. )

1. errans, Tosq.* 113

2. planipes, Tosq.* 114

3. insulicola, Mori.* 115

4. madeirensis, Mori.* 115

5. melanocotis, Holmgr. ... 115

6. elegans, Sz6pl 116

7. ocellans, Szepl.* 116

8. parvulus, Szepl 113

9. cephalotes, Holmgr.*. ... 116

10. rufescens, Tosq.* 116

11. perforatus, Schulz* 117

12. testaceus, Grav.* 117

13. perforator, Smith* 118

14. aethiopicus, Szepl.* 118

(Asia.)

1. laevis. Cam.* 119

2. grmni, Kok.* 120

3. intermedivLS, Cam.* 120

4. unicolor. Smith* 120

Paniscus, Grav. — contd.

5. cephalotes, Holmgr.*. . . . 121

6. nigi'iventris, Brulle* .... 121

7. lineatus, Brulle 121

8. testaceiLS, Grav.* 122

9. quadrilineatus, Smith . . 122

10. orientalis, Cam 122

11. gracilipes. Thorns.* 122

12. capito, Kok.* 123

13. fiavolineatvLS, Cam 123

14. montaniis. Cam 123

(Australasia.)

1. latro, Holmgr 124

2. constrictus, Mori.* 125

3. incommmiis, Szepl 125

4. gracilis, Mori.* 125

5. ephippiatus. Smith* .... 126

6. dimidiatus, Mori.* 126

7. productus, Brulle* 126

8. contrarius, Mori.* 127

9. antipodum, Vachal 127

10. testaceus, Grav.* 127

PARABATUS, Thoms 128

1. deceptor, Mori.* 129

2. whymiperi. Cam.* 129

3. gansuanus, Kok 129

4. gracilis, Mori.* 129

5. albipictus, Tosq.* 130

6. antefurcalis, Szepl 130

7. antipodum, Mori.* 131

8. luteolu.s, Tosq.* 131

9. amplus, Mori.* 131

TETRAGON ALYS, Mori. ... 132

1. barbarica, Mori.* 132

2. pagana, Mori.* 132

PARCA, Mori 133

1. ocularia, Mori 133

OPHELTES, Holmgr 133

1. glaucopterus, lann.* .... 134

2. chinensis, Mori.* 135

WESTWOODIA, Brulle 135

1. ruficeps, Brull^* 135

CATALOGUE OF GENERA AND SPECIES HEREIN
BROUGHT FORWARD AS NEW.

Epirhyssa, Cress.

nigerriina.
Thalessa, Holingr.

superbiens.
Apechoneura, Kriech.

major.

minor.
Certonotu?, Kriech.

geniculatiis.

nitidulus.

monticola.

rufescens.

annulatus.

apica]is.
Lissopimpla, Kriech.

pacifica.
Echthromorpha, Hohngr.

bitecta.

exquisita.

inermis.

diversor.
Eiphosoma, Cresson.

parana.
NESANOMALOX.

dimidiatum.
Xiphosomella, Szepl.

tabascensis.
METANOMALON.

pohendum.
Podogaster, BruUe.

spilopterus.

albiditarsus.

ruficaudatus.

africanus.
Trichomma, Wesm.

albicoxa.

productor.
Schizoloma, Wesm.

regahs.
Heteropelma, Wesm.

orbitalis.

nox.
Exochilum, Wesm.

diabolus.

chinense.

australasiae.

scaposum.

neglectum.

sulcator.

atrichiosoma.

robustum.

verticale.

orbitale.

acheron.
MAGNIBUCCA.

testacea.
Barylypa, Forst.

bipartita.

victoriana.

perturbans.
Anomalon, Jur.

buccatum.

variicolor.
SPILANOMALON.
Agrj'pon, Forst.

nox.

tisiphone.

primum.

secundum.

ferrugineum.

melanura.

lineiger.
PARAXIA.

nototrachoides.
HYMENOPHARSALIA.

mexicana.
Paniscus, Grav.

nodulosus.

ignotus.

immaculatus.

insulicola.

madeirensis.

constrictus.

gracilis.

dimidiatus.

contrarius.
Parabatus, Tlioms.

deceptor.

gracilis.

antipodum.

amplus.
TETRAGONALYS.

barbarica.

PARCA.

ocularia.
Opheltes, Holmgr..
chinensis.

CLASSIFIED SUMMARY

OF THE CONTENTS OF PARTS I. and II.

Subfamily
Ophioninae

Tryphoninae
Pimplinae . .

Tribe
Ophionides
Anomalides
Paniscides . . .
Metopiides . . .
Rhyssides . . .
Echthromorp hides

Fart Page

I. 3

II. 49
II. 101

I. 73

II. 3
II. 33

A REVISION

OF THE

ICHNEUMONIDAE.

PART II.

SUB-FAMILY PIMPLTNAE.
TRIBE RHYSSIDES.

The feature of the strongly transcarinate mesonotum is
so distinct that we may form upon it a small tribe of the
Pimplinae under the above name. The species of the seven
following genera, which alone share this peculiar character
among the Ichneumonidae, are extremely homogeneous and,
though certainly closely associated in certain Australian
forms with Ephialtes and its allies, no hesitation can be ex-
perienced respecting the insects falling within the present
group.

TABLE OF GENERA.

(4) 1. Areoleb of the wings entirely wanting.

(3) 2. Scutellum deplanate ; antennae not apically incrassate.

EPIRHYSSA, Cress.
(2) 3. Scutellum pyramidal ; antennae apically incrassate.

PYRAMIRHYSSA, Mocs. (1 sp., magnifica, Mocs. 1905).
(1) 4. Alar areolet distinctly present.

(10) 5. Metathorax with no areae ; frons not carinate between

scrobes.

(7) 6. Central abdominal segments not discally emarginate ; clj'-peus

centrally produced. RHYSSA, Grav.

(6) 7. Central abdominal segments discally emarginate ; clypeus

apically truncate.
(9) 8. Hind tibiae normal ; head nearly as broad as eyes.

THALESSA, Holmgr.

(8) 9. Hind tibiae incrassate ; head not nearly as broad as eyes.

LYTARMES, Cam.

(5) 10. Metathorax with distinct areae ; frons often carinate.
(12) 11. Frons strongly carinate; terebra usually pale-banded.

APECHONEURA, Kriech.

(11) 12. Frons not centrally carinate; terebra not banded.

CERTONOTUS, Kriech.

B 2

ICHNEUMONIDAE.

EPIRHYSSA, Cresson.

Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. iv, 1865, p. 39 ; Rhyssonota, Kriech. Ann. Nat.
Hofmus. V, 1890, p. 489.

This genus was erected by Cresson for the inclusion of two
Cuban species, differing from RJiyssa only in the shorter and
stouter antennae, lack of areolet and in the somewhat shorter
segments ; these are flavous %vith the abdomen of E. alternata
immaculate at apices of the three basal segments, which are
there black in E. speciosa, the type of the genus. Cameron
says (Str. Br. R. Asiatic Soc, 1906, p. 115) that Epirhyssa,
besides lacking the areolet, differs from Rhyssa in having the
basal segment distinctly longer than the second, whereas in
Rhyssa he says it is shorter ; in 1899, however, he does not
appear to have understood the genus at all, since his E.
annulicornis (Manch. Mem. 1899, No. 3, p. 133) from the
Khasi Hills and since found in Burma, is a typical Xylonomus,
of which the ? type is in the British Museum. In 1864,
Cresson had already brought forward the black and white
Rhyssa alhomaculata, which I refer to under that genus. E.
clavata, Provancher (Add. Faun. Canad. Hym. 1886, p. 115, ?)
is probably no more than the female of his E. crevieri (Faun.
Ent. Canad. 1883, p. 449) and doubtfully distinct from the
last-named species, for both occasionally have but an im-
perfect areolet. Cresson described a third flavous kind with
segmental apices infuscate, but the wings apically strongly
infumate-spotted (Proc. Acad, Philad. 1873, p. 394, ? — nee
<?, sec DT., copied by Schm. Gen. Insect. 1907), under the
name E. mexicana from Orizaba and Cordova ; this has
subsequently been recorded by Mocsary from so far south
as Brazil ; and Champion also took one, now in the British
Museum, at San Geronimo in Guatemala (Biol. Centr.-Amer.,
262, pi. xi., fig. 2, ?); a second in the British Museum, taken
by Smith on the Sierra de las Aguas Escondidas in Guerrero
at 7,000 feet in July, I term var. immaculaia on account of the
lack of black markings on the vertex and segmental apices ; it
may, however, be distinct because of the hardly emarginate disc
of the third and fourth segments and the pale valvular apices.
These were followed by the erection of his new genus Rhyssonota
by Kriechbaumer in 1890, synonymous with the present since,
being Pimplid, it included " mesonotum transverse-rugosum
. . . alae areola nulla " among its characters ; his typical
and only species, R. tristis from Brazil, is black with sparse
red marks and the hyaline wings basaUy infumate. The only
other kinds given by Dalla Torre are four brought forward
by Cameron from Asia, of which the types of E. favobalteata

RHYSSIDES. 5

(Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 129, ?) from the Khasi Hills of Assam,
of E. japonica (Proc. Glasgow Nat. Hist. Soc. 1886, p. 276, ?)
from Hakodate, and three ?? oi E. maculicornis (Manch.
Mem. 1899, p. 132, ?) from Sikkim in April, 1891 (coll. Bing-
ham), Java, by Dr. Horsfield in 1860 (E. India Company)
and north Khasi Hills in 1896 (coll. Godwin- Austen), varjnng
in pedal colour and in occasionally having the black segmental
apices discally connected by a black longitudinal line, are
in the British Museum, though I have not seen his Indian
E. carinifrons (Manch. Mem., 1899, p. 131, ?) at all.

TABLE OF ASIATIC SPECIES.

(2) 1. Abdomen and antennae rufescent 1. carinifrona. Cam.
(1) 2. Abdomen and antennae not at all rufescent.

(16) 3. Second recurrent subcontinuous with second submarginal
nervure.

(11) 4. Alar apices strongly and determinately infumate.

(8) 5. Scutellum and abdomen broadly flavous.

(7) 6. Face and abdominal bands entirely pale 2. flavopicta, Sraith.
(6) 7. Face and pale abdominal bands centrally black

3. japonica. Cam.
(5) 8. Scutellum and abdomen uniformly black throughout.
(10) 9. Terebra distinctly longer than body ; face all pale.

4. millleri, VoU.

(9) 10. Terebra shorter than body ; face centrally black.

5. nigerrima, sp. n.
(4) 11. Alar apices very slightly infumate at apex of radial cell only.

(13) 12. Sides of segments 3-5 distinctly convex apically ; abdomen

not strongly compressed. 6. flavohalteata. Cam.

(12) 13. Sides of segments 3-5 not at aU convex ; abdomen laterally

compressed.
(15) 14. Abdomen bright flavous, segmental sutures black ; ner-
vellus intercepted at its extreme top. 7. maculicornis, Caxa..

(14) 15. Abdomen black, segmental apices bright flavous ; nervellus

intercepted distinctly before its top. 8. maculicepa. Cam.

(3) 16. Second recurrent nervure distinctly postfurcal

9. himaculata. Cam.

N.B. — Since 1904, several other species have been described, which
are not contained in the British Museum. These are Epirhyasa orna-
tipes. Cam. (Spolia Zeyl. in, 1905, p. 132), a ^ differing from E.
maculicornia in having all the femora black-marked, etc. ; E. birdi, $
and E. oceanica, ^, described — with E. tonkinensis from the Manson
Mountains of Tonkin at 2-3,000 feet — by Mocsary (Ann. Mus. Nat.
Hxing., 1905, p. 16) from German New Guinea; E. t>ibercitlata. Cam.
(Joum. Str. Br. R. Asiatic Soc, 1906, p. 114, ^) from Borneo, whence
the same author has brought forward E. curvimaculata, E. cruciata
and E. lineatiacutis (Ann. Nat. Hist., xx, 1907, pp. 16-18).

6 ICKNEUMONIDAE.

I. Epirhyssa carinifrons, Cam.
Manch, Mem. 1899, p. 131, <^.
A black and profusely red and flavous marked species, with
the abdomen black -banded and frons longitudinally carinate ;
length, 11 mm. Khasi Hills, Assam.

2. Epirhyssa flavopicta, Smith.
Macrogaster flavo-pictus. Smith, Proc. Limi. Soc. Zool. 1857, p. 121, $.
Described from Singapore, of doubtful genus and said to
possibly belong to Rhyssa {cf. Str. Br. R. Asiatic Soc, 1903,
p. 134). Smith's type is doubtless at Oxford ; in the British
Museum are three ??, one captured at Pulo Penang, by
J. C. Bo wring in 1861, and two more at Gumong Tahan,
Pahang, in the Malay Peninsula between 2,500 and 3,500
feet during May-July, 1905, by H. C. Robinson. I can dis-
tinguish neither Cameron's description of Epirhyssa spiloptera
(Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc, 1905, p. 117, ?; cf. I.e. 1906,
p. 115) nor Mocsary's ? E. fasciata (Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungr.,
1905, p. 16) from this species ; they were taken at Kuching
in October and in Dutch New Guinea respectively. Smith
gives the length at 15 lines and the terebra at double ; Mocsary
at only 17 mm., with the terebra 30 mm. ; Cameron at 18
mm., with terebra 33 mm. ; those I have seen are 20 mm.,
with terebra (beyond anus) 27 mm. This is doubtless the
Javan Rhyssa " sans areole," referred to by Vollenhoven
(Tijds. V. Ent., 1873, p. 70).

5. Epirhyssa nigerrima, sp. n.

A single $ from Borneo was acquired by the British Museum
from Stevens in 1857 and might well pass as a melanic form
of E. flavopicta, with which it agrees in mesonotal sculpture,
the alar nervures and apical intumescence ; though it differs
abundantly from this and every other known species in its
totally black body and legs, having nothing but the facial
orbits, which coalesce below scrobes, centre of the external
orbits obscurely, underside of the front coxae and trochanters,
and the front tibiae anteriorly, whitish ; the antennae are
distinctly shorter than the body, and apically subclavate ;
the immaculate metathorax and scutellum are both coarsely
but not transversely punctate, the three basal segments are
conspicuously glabrous and nitidulous, Avith the following
abruptly dull and distinctly punctate on their basal half ;
the terebra is a little reflexed and the wings (except apically)

RHYSSIDES. 7

entirely hyaline. Length 16 mm. ; terebra 20 mm. $ only.
This was captured by Wallace at Sarawak, and appears to
have escaped description by Fred. Smith ; it is evidently
very closely allied to Epirhyssa mulleri, Voll. (Stett. Ent,
Zeit., 1879, p. 140), hitherto left in Bhyssa, but the legs are
all white-lined, the face centrally black and the terebra is
much shorter.

6. Epirhyssa flavobalteata, Cam.

Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 129, ? ; E. yvigrobalteata. Cam., Jotirn. Str.
Br. R. Asiatic Soc. 190.3, p. 134 ; c/. Ann. Nat. Hist, xx, 1907, p. 16.

Described from a discoloured Khasian ?, evidently kept in
spirit ; and certainly sjTionymous uath the fine bright Bornean
?, brought forward by the same author under the name E.
nigrobalteata. Both types are in the British Museum. I have
seen another of 22 mm., taken by Dr. Hanitsch at Maxwell's
Hill in Perak, during August, 1908, with the abdomen some-
what more broadly black-marked.

8. Epirhyssa maculiceps, Cam.
Jom-n. Str. Br. R. Asiatic Soc. 1905, p. 118, ?.

The Bornean ? tyrpe is in the British Museum. If Rhyssa
mesopyrrha, Mocs. (Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungr., published on 1st
Jime, 1905, p. 6) with " areola distincta nulla," from Java,
be synonymous, Cameron's name must fall.

9. Epirhyssa bimaculata, Cam.

Journ. Str. Br. R. Asiatic Soc. 1903, p. 135.
This differs from the last species in so slight a degree as
to render their distinction doubtful. I can only find that the
continuous second recurrent nervure in the former is distinctly
a little postfurcal in the latter, that the cubital nervure is
straight with the alar apices very slightly infumate in the
former, while in the latter it is a little angulated at the ramellus
with entirely hyaline wings ; the coloration of the thorax
differs a little, though that of the abdomen and legs is remark-
ably similar ; and both have the basally strongly sinuate hind
tibiae infuscate at both extremities.

TABLE OF AMERICAN SPECIES.
(12) 1. Wings not anteriorly infumate ; abdomen broadly pale.
(9) 2. Abdomen mainly flavous.
(8) 3. Apical margins of the three basal segments black.

8 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

(7) 4. Hind legs not tricolored.

(6) 5. Stigma fulvous ; alar apices not infumate

1. speciosa. Cress.
(5) 6. Stigma black ; alar apices distinctly infumate.

2. mexicana. Cress.
(4) 7. Hind legs distinctly tricolored. 3. tricoloripes, Moes.

(3) 8. Apical margins of three basal segments clear flavous.

4. alternata, Cress.
(2) 9. Abdomen mainly deep fulvous.
(11) 10. Segments three to five basally constricted.

5. amazonica, Moos.
(10) 11. Segments tliree to five not basally constricted.

6. histrio, Kriech.
(1) 12. Wings anteriorly nigrescent ; abdomen immaculate

7. tristis, Kriech.

2. Epirhyssa mexicana, Cress.

Proc. Acad. Philad. 1873, p. 394, ^.
A single male of this species, in the British Museum, was
captured by H. H. Smith at 6,000 feet at Amula in Guerrero
during August.

4. Epirhyssa alternata. Cress.
Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. iv, 1865, p. 40, 3.
I have no hesitation in ascribing a female in the British
Museum to Cresson's male description, from which it differs
in having the basal fourth or fifth of the otherwise black
fiagellum bright red with only the basal haK of the first two,
whereas in the cJ it is of all, the abdominal segments piceous ;
further, it is larger, of 15 mm., with the apically subclavate
terebra exserted 17i mm. This example was obtained in
Brazil, on the Amazon, by Bates, and acquired in 1862.

7. Epirhyssa tristis, Kriech.
Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien. 1890, p. 489, ?.
There can be no doubt, I think, that a large specimen
of 26 mm. in the British Museum, with the terebra 35 mm. in
length, is referable to Kriechbaumer's Brazilian species,
though the head is by no means " pone oculos brevissimum,"
the temples are well developed, but much narro^^er than the
eyes ; the wings, too, " hyalinis, basi, anterioribus margine
antico quoque infuscatis," are distinctly infumate with the
base nearly to the basal nervure, and the space between the

RHYSSIDES. 9

first recurrent nearly to the second recurrent nervure sub-
obliquely flavescent ; the whole body is dark ferrugineous,
not black. This is a single very old, and perhaps faded,
female from " Brazil," purchased about 1835 of Mr. Momay.

RHYSSA, Gray.

Iclin. Eiirop. in, 1829, p. 260.

The older authors threw every Pimplid with transrugose
mesonotum into the present genus, with the result that there
are usually still retained in it many species in reality referable
to Thalessa and perhaps Apechoneura. These it is impossible
to relegate to their correct genera Avdthout more material than
I have found available, though it appears not improbable
that all or most of the species from the Malay Region here
retained should be placed in the former genus. That the
Rhyssides are a very old tribe may be gathered from the fact
that Mr. Brues in his " Fossil Hymenoptera from Colorado "
(Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., xxii., 1908, p. 494) gives an
interesting description of his Rhyssa petiolata, with its " meso-
notum obliquely striated on each side of the median line
. . . metathorax areolated . . . areolet apparentlj^ open,"
which would indicate Epirhyssa to be the older type ; the
specimen, which has the fifth segment abnormally large, is
a ? and was found in the Tertiary strata (c/. Cocke rell, Bui.
Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard Coll., 1906, i, No. 2), near Florissant
in Colorado. The five palaearctic species of this jirobably
small genus have been well presented by Schmiedeknecht
(Opusc. Ichn. 1908, 1144), and need only be mentioned here
when occurrmg outside Europe, where they are mainly found
in North America and eastern Asia. Certonotus would seem
to replace them in Australasia and Apechoneura in tropical
America.

TABLE OF WESTERN SPECIES.
1. Thorax and abdomen profusely white-marked.

Meso- and meta-sternum not red-marked.

Flagellum banded, and coxae marked, with white.

1. lineolata, Kirby.

Flagellum not banded ; coxae not white-marked.

All the coxae clear red. 2. persuasoria, Linn.

All the coxae entirely black. 3. alaskensis, Ashm.

Meso- and meta-sternum rufescent. 4. humida. Say.

8. Orbits, palpi and tegulae alone white. 5. canadensis, Cress.

(B)

1.

(7)

2.

(4)

3.

(3)

4.

(0)

5.

(5)

6.

(2)

7.

(1)

8.

10 TCHNEUMONIDAE.

I. Rhyssa lineolata, Kirby.

Cryptocentrum lineolatum, W. Kirby, Fauna Bor.-Amer. iv, 1837,

p. 260, pi. vi, fig. 1, $ [sic] ; {nee Kriech. 1887).
Rhyssa albomaculata, Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 1864, p. 318, ?.

This insect sometimes has, as in the type form of Cresson's
entirely synonymous R. albomaculata, the " areolet minute,
petiolated " and cannot, consequently, be referred to
Epirhyssa as has been done by Dalla Torre, followed
by Schmiedeknecht; by the same feature it can hardly
be the usually synonymised E. crevieri, Prov. (Faun. Ent.
Canada, Hym. 449), which is " sans areole." I have
already referred to the type of Kirby's species in the
British Museum (Entom., 1909, p. 133, nota). It differs from
B. persuasoria in its pale banded antennae, larger pleural
spots, small or obsolete areolet and white-spotted coxae, with
the hind ones mainly black ; though Provancher (I.e.) con-
sidered these points too variable to separate them, thus
synonymising R. albomaculata with Linnaeus' species. In
the British Museum are two 3o and four ?$, all except the
Kirbyan type with strong, though petiolated, areolet ; these
are from Hudson's Bay in 1844, New York in 1871, Nova
Scotia in 1874, and from the Monacknock Mountains in New
Hampshire during August, 1906. I possess a female, captured
at Clarke City, in Quebec, on 8th June, 1907.

2. Rhyssa persuasoria, Linn.
Syst. Nat. 1758, p. 562.

Respecting the occurrence of this palaearctic species in
America, we have the explicit statement of Cresson that he
possessed both sexes from the Rocky Mountains " precisely
identical with European specimens with which I have carefully
compared them, both S and ? " (Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad.,
1864, p. 318). It is thus not surprising to find a second species
— Thalessa superba — common to both continents, though
differing slightly in the shape of its pale markings. B. per-
suasoria is evidently uncommon, since Walsh (Trans. Acad.
Sc. St. Louis, 1873, p. 109) records it only from the above
vague locality and Canada. In Europe it is, on the contrary,
very common and most beneficial in destroying the larvae of
such Siricidae as Xeris spectrum, Paururus jiwencus and Sirex
gigas ; while Provancher has recorded it — I expect in error —
from the longicorn beetles Monochamus scuteUator, Say and
M. confusor, Kirby (c/. Elliott, Trans. Ent. Soc, 1911, p. 467).
There is a long series in the British Museum from Ruthe's

RHYSSIDES 1 ]

and Bucheker's German and Swiss collections ; Tyrol Lausanne
m June (W. H. St. Quintin), France (Lord Walsingham)
Pyrenees (Rev. T. A. Marshall); Nova Scotia (Redman),
Till Cove m Newfoundland on .30th July, 1874 (John Milne),'
and a 3 with unusually complete segmental bands from
C^eorgia (Doubleday). I believe a large female with similar
complete bands, from Yesso to the north of Japan, to belong
here. I have seen it from Spruce Woods at Deota, Tehri-
Gashial in the N. W. Himalayas at an altitude of 7,000 feet,
June, 1902. In Britain it is most frequent in the New Forest
(c/. Ichneumonologia Britannica, iii., 1908, 25. Avhere is given
an account of its life history ; and Prof. E. Bugnion on
" les oeufs pedicules et la taricre de Rhyssa persuasoria " in
the Compte-Rendu des Seances du Sixieme Congres Inter-
national de Zoologie, 1905).

3. Rhyssa alaskensis, Ashm.

Proc. Washington Acad. Sc. iv, 1902, p. 199, %

The type, in the U. S. Nat. Museum, is alone known ; it
was captured at Fox Point on July 28th and, there seems little
room to doubt, is a mere colour variety of the common Linnaan
species. From E. albomaculafa, Ashmead considered it
differed " in shape of the areolet in front wings " !

4. Rhyssa humida, Say.

Boston Journ. Nat. Hist. 11, 1836, p. 224, ?.

W. H. Patton gives an interesting account of this species'
ecomony (Canad. Entom. xi, 1879, p. 15) ; he took a $ of
slightly less than half an inch in length in Connecticut on
June 6th, 1873, with its terebra firmly driven into the wood
of Betula nigra, distinctly attempting to oviposit in larvae
of the Siricid, Xiphidria attenuata, Nort. (Proc. Ent. Soc
Philad., 1862, p. 144). Say described the species from Indiana'
" black ; feet yellow ; thorax with white lines ; abdomen
with white lateral spots . . . wings immaculate ; second
cubital cellule petiolated ; oviduct at least as long as body
. . . Length over half an inch." For a good description we
must turn to the long paper by Benj. D. Walsh, M.A., on
"Descriptions of North American Hymenoptera " (Trans
Acad. Sc. St. Louis, 1873, pp. 65-166). His proposed genus
Pararhyssa=z Rhyssa, Grav. and his Rhyssa=Thalessa, Holmgr.
The c? is still unknown.

12 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

5. Rhyssa canadensis, Cress.
Canad. Entom. i, 1868, p. 35, ?.
This female, brought forward in Cresson's " Description of
New Canadian Ichneumonidae " {I.e. pp. 33-38), will probably
prove to be " the analogue " of some palaearctic species with
black abdomen. It was taken boring into a pine tree in
Quebec, and its genus is confirmed in Walsh's 1873 paper ;
the areolet is " minute, petiolated, sometimes reduced to a
mere point." Provancher did not meet with it (Faun, Canad.
Hym. 1883, 449).

TABLE OF EASTERN SPECIES.

(2) 1. Thorax and abdomen entirely black ; wings hyaline.

1. approximator, Fab.

(1) 2. Thorax or abdomen broadly pale-marked; wings often
infumate.

(6) 3. Wings evenly infumate throughout ; thorax all red, abdomen

all black.
(5) 4. Terebra slightly longer than body ; hind legs black.

2. lanaria, Voll.

(4) 5. Terebra one-third longer than body ; hind legs piceous-red.

3. mirahilis, Smith.

(3) 6. Wings hyaline or irregularly infumate ; abdomen not im-

maculate black.

(10) 7. Body entirely fulvous ; eyes and alar fasciae alone black.
(9) 8. Antennae and hind tarsi fulvous. 4. fulva, Voll.
(8) 9. Antennae and hind tai'si entirely black. 5. fasciata, Smith.

(7) 10. Body not or sparsely fulvous, mainly black with flavous

markings.

(14) 11. Wings distinctly uifumate towards their apices.

(13) 12. Wings subquadrately nigrescent beyond stigma; length

13 mm. 6. variilineata, Cam.

(12) 13. Wings but submfumate apically ; length 38 mm.

7. ftilvipennis, Cam.

(11) 14. Wings entirely immaculate.

(16) 15. Third and following segments apically flavous; length
18 mm. 8. claripennis, Cam.

(15) 16. Fourth and fifth segments laterally citrinous ; length 25 mm.

9. mesopyrrha, Mocs.

N.B. — In all probabiUty the majority of the species here tabulated
should be placed imder Thalessa, excepting those of Fabricius and
Mocsary. One can instate nowhere BruUe's unlocalised Rhyssa
marginalis (JN'at. Hist. Hym., iv., 1846, p. 79, ?) with broken antennae
and legs, nor VoUenhoven's R. bernsteinii (Stett. Ent. Zeit., xl, 1879,
p. 138, 9), which was described from a spirit specimen in the Leyden
Museum, of which the exact locality was lost, but it was thought to
be either the Isle of Salwatti or of Waigiou.

RHYSSIDES. 13

I. Rhyssa approximator, Fab.

Ent. Syst. n, 1793, p. 162, <?.
This species extends from Sweden across the Alps to Hun-
gary, but is rare, and said by Holmgren to prey upon the
Siricid, Xiphydria dromedarius. Fab. A single large $ of
20 mm., with the characteristic canaliculation of the two
basal segments, belonging to Ki-iechbaumer's var. ruficoxis
(Ent. Nachr. xiii, 1887, p. 250 et xv, 1889, p. 318) is in the
British Museum, from as far east as Samarowa in Siberia.
Superficially it is not imlike Ephialtes manifestator , L., for
which Fred. Smith mistook it.

2. Rhyssa lanaria, Veil.
Tijds. V. Ent. 1873, p. 68, ?.

Remarkable for its entirely orange-red head, thorax and
anterior legs, black abdomen and hind legs, and the evenly
infumate wings ; length 22 mm. " Dans Tile d'Amboine ;
probablement elle se retrouvera dans les autres iles Moluques,"
but apparently not yet found there. It is similar to B. mira-
bilis, but too distinct to be considered a variety of it.

3. Rhyssa mirabilis, Smith.
Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 11, 1857, p. 120, $.

Very closely allied to the last species. The type was found
by Wallace at Sarawak and is in the Oxford University
Museum.

4. Rhyssa fulva, Veil.
Stett. Ent. Zeit. xl, 1879, p. 136, ^.
Glabrous, nitidulous and fulvous with the head paler, eyes
and a transverse alar fascia infuscate ; length, 2 cm. (=
20 mm.). It is said to be most similar to R. fasciata, but to
differ in having the antennae and hind tarsi flavidous-red,
while in that species they are black. Both are probably
referable to Thalessa. It was described from a single male
found on the Isle of Obi in the Moluccas.

5. Rhyssa fasciata, Smith.

Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. iv, 1869, Suppl. p. 140, <J ; Rhyssa fulva, Cam.
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1901, p. 229, ^ {nee Voll. 1879).

This name is instanced {I.e.) by Smith for his F. maculipcnnis
{lib. cit. iii, 1858, p. 173, nee 1857). It is a rufescent-flavous

14 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

species with antennae and vertex black, and the hyaUne wings
with a nigrescent plaga ; length, 19 mm. It was taken by
Wallace at Aru in the Malay Archipelago. E. fulva Cam. is
obviously the same species, collected in New Britain by Dr.
A. Willey, probably at New Pomerania.

6. Rhyssa variilineata, Cam.

R. varilineata, Cam. Ann. Nat. Hist, xx, 1907, p. 15, $.
The smallest Malay species known to its author and doubtless
a Thalessa, since he says it differs in " the much larger alar
cloud, which extends beyond the cubitus, and by the metano-
tum having three separated yellow^ spots on the apex, the rest
being black." It occurred at Kuching in September.

7. Rhyssa fulvipennis, Cam.
Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 127, ?.

The only known Indian species excepting E. persuasoria,
of which I have seen the two females referred to above, and
at once known by its great size of 38 mm., with the terebra
nearly double that of the body ; the wings are deeply ful-
vescent -hyaline, with their apices only subinfumate ; the
anteimae, too, are fulvous with their centre subflavescent.
The type, at Oxford, was collected by Rothney in the Khasi
Hills of Assam.

8. Rhyssa claripennis, Cam.
Ann. Nat. Hist, xx, 1907, p. 15, $
Taken at Kuching by Hewitt in November ; of 18 mm. with
the terebra 21 mm. ; and it " may be known from the described
Indo -Malay and Indian species by the immaculate wings "
says its author, who also described E. nigritarsis of 1902
{nee 1886) with immaculate wings.

9. Rhyssa mesopyrrha, Mocs.
Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Hungr. xx, 1907, p. 15,?
Apparently intermediate between the present genus and
Epirhyssa — especially E. maculiceps, Cam., q.v. — since in the
Javan female the " areola distincta nulla est," while in the
Bornean it is " baud magna triangulari." Mocsary's paper
{loc. cit.) " Rhyssae Sociarumque species in collectione Musei
Nationalis Hungarici ab A. Mocsary recensite," is worthy of
especial notice.

RHYSSIDES. 15

TABLE OF NEW ZEALAND SPECIES.

(2) L Smaller: second segment laterally immaculate . . .

1. fractinervis, VoU.
(1) 2. Larger; second segment with distinct lateral spots.

2. clavula, Colenso.

I. Rhyssa fractinervis, Voll.

Tijds. V. Ent. 1873, p. 67, pi. iv, fig. 1, ? : R- antipodum. Smith, Tr.
Ent. Soc. 1876, p. 479, pi. iv, fig. 1, ?.

Both figures are remarkably good and the synonymy
indubitable. Vollenhoven says it inhabits " les environs
d 'Auckland dans la Nouvelle Zeelande " and Smith knew
" two specimens from the North Island, and one taken on a
black birch-tree at Oxford, near Chris tchurch," New Zealand.
In the British Museum m Smith's type, so labelled by himself,
with a second $ from New Zealand ex coll. Cameron, though
not mentioned by him at Manch. Mem. 1898, No. I, p. 26.
The four subquadrate discal abdominal spots are very char-
acteristic of both this and the next species.

2. Rhyssa clavula, Colenso.
Trans. New Zealand Institute, xvii, 1885, p. 158, $.
Much larger than the last (and only other) New Zealand
species, the type of which is but 30 mm. in length, with the
terebra 45 mm. Colenso says : "Its very peculiarly shaped
end of the abdomen and lateral spots on its second segment,
dark colour of its femora and posterior tibiae, etc., striped
clypeus, yellow margins of the basal joints of antennae,
iridescent and hair\^ and duskj^-coloured — infumated, hairy
at bases — wings, 3 ocelli, etc., have caused me " to consider
it distinct. It is, however, probably nothing but an unusually
large ?, with a length of 38 mm. and terebra of 65 mm., though
the terebra is much longer in proportion. It was taken in
" high and dense forests near Norsewood, Waipawa County ;
April, 1884."

THALESSA, Holmgren.

Oefv. K. Vet. Acad, xvi, 1859, p. 122 ; Megarhyssa, Ashm. Canad.
Entom. XXXII, 1900, p. 368.

WESTERN SPECIES.
I. Thalessa atrata, Fab.

Ichneumon atratus. Fab. Spp. Ins. i, 1781, p. 436, 9-
" Ichneumon ater, capite pedibus strigaque anali flavis, aculeo
longissimo. Habitat in America boreali." With some added

16 ICHNEUMONIDAE,

details, Fabricius leaves no doubt that the species sexually
termed Rhyssa atrata and R. laevigata, passably figured by
Brulle (Hist. Nat. Hym. iv, 1846, pi. xl, et pp. 77, 78) belongs
here ; the latter vaguely records both from " I'Amerique
septentrionale," as well as the $ from Guadeloupe. Pro-
vancher gives a simple but sufficiently explicit table (Faun,
Entom. Canad. Hym. 1883, p. 445) of the four north American
species thus : —
Colour black.

Antennae flavous 1. atrata.

Antennae black 2. nitida.

Colour yellow and rufescent.

Wings without dark marks . . . . 3. superba.

Wings brown-marked 4. lunator.

Harrington tells us (Canad. Entom. 1882, p. 82) that the
present species varies in size from \\ inches to nearly two,
with a wing expansion of 2-2f inches and terebra 4 to 5^
inches in length. It is much rarer in Canada than T. lunator.
He saw a ? with her terebra embedded four and a haK inches
into beech and adds that it occurs in the latter part of the
summer. At a meeting of the Exeter Naturalists' Club,
D'Urban remarks that a Rhyssa, which he terms necator, is
common near Montreal, adding that " in many trees " the
broken ovipositor might be seen embedded in the solid wood.
In the British Museum are nine examples from New York
(H. Edwards, 1884), Albany on 23rd June, 1901 (Marshall),
Florida (Crowley, 1901), Orilla in western Canada in 1852
(Stevens), and the United States ex coll. Prof. Riley (Rev.
T. A. Marshall). The Buda-Pesth Museum has a couple of
$? from Illinois and Missouri.

2. Thalessa nitida, Cress.
Rhyssa nitida, Cress. Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. ni, 1864, p. 319,,^.
Relegated to Thalessa by its author (Trans. Acad. Sc. St.
Louis, 1873, p. 109).

3. Thalessa superba, Schrank.

Ichneumon superba, Schr. En. Ins. Austr. 1781, p. 350, $ ; Pimpla
clavata. Fab. Piez. 1804, p. 118, $ ; Rhyssa nortoni. Cress. Proc.
Ent. Soc. Philad. 1864, p. 317, ? ; Rhyssa quebecensis, Prov.
Nat. Canad. v, 1873, p. 447, c??.

First recorded in America from the Rocky Mountains,
Colorado Territory and dedicated to Edward Norton. The

RHYSSIDES. 17

cJ was first noticed by Provancher (Nat. Canad. 1880, p. 13) and
in his Faun. Ent. Canad. 1883, p. 445, since when we have heard
nothing of it ; he differentiates it from T. lunator in the
lateral segmental flavous marks being circular in place of "en
chevrons," in the immaculate wings, etc. Mocsary knew a
single pair from California ; but the British Museum has the
following good series, including a single European ?, ex coll.
Bucheker, taken on 2nd October at " Cap." probably in
Switzerland ; it has been bred from the Siricid, Tremex fusci-
cornis. The American $? are from the Monacknock Mountains
of Xew Hampshire in 1911 (Hon. W. Rothschild), Hudson's
Bay in 1844 (Geo. Barnston), from Farren White's collection ;
and from Vernon in British Columbia on 9th August, 1903
(Miss Ricardo), this is a dark specimen with all the coxae
and part of femora and most of the thorax black, with the
lateral marks on the fourth and fifth segments elongate,
showing a transition form. The ^^ are from Boston in
Massachusetts and New York (H. Edwards), United States in
1843 (E. Doubleday) and New York. I have ventured to
synonymise T. nortoni with Schrank's palaearctic species, since
I have been unable to find anything approaching specific
distinction between them, the only divergence rests in the
shape of the lateral segmental pale markings. An inter-
mediate form appears to be Provancher's Rhyssa quebecensis ,
which its author separated mainly on the strength of the
" taches jaunes des cotes de I'abdomen qui sont circulaires
au lieu d'etre en chevrons " ; there is nothing to differentiate it
from more typical T. superha, and Provancher himself remarks
in 1883 — c/. supra — that there had been only " 4 especes
rencontres " in Canada.

4. Thalessa lunator, Fab.
Ichneumon lunator. Fab. Spp. Ins. i, 1781, p. 430.
Distinctly the commonest nearctic species ; North America
and Guadeloupe (Brulle), Texas (Cresson), Canada (Provan-
cher), Missouri and Kentucky (Mocsary), numerous specimens
flying round a hickory log in south Illinois, early in July
(Walsh). Harrington adds (Canad. Entom. xix, p. 206), in
" The Nuptials of Thalessa," that they oviposited in Tremex
columha larvae in rotten maples on 7th June, 1887, and that
copulation took place with four different males, lasting
two and a half minutes wdth the last and, on another
occasion, one and a half minutes. In the British Museum are
numerous examples of both sexes taken at New York in 1844
by E. Doubleday, and in both 1884 and 1889 by H. Edwards ;

18 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

at Albany on 17th July, 1900, by Rev. T. A. Marshall ; at
Orilla in western Canada (Stevens) ; at Boston in Massachu-
setts ; and three $9 in 59th Street, Chicago, on a dead tree on
lOth August, 1897, by Prof. Poulton. "The size is said by
Walsh (Trans. Acad. So. St. Louis, 1873, i3. 108) to sometimes
double that of others ; the terebra, he adds, is only one-sixth
longer than the body, while Brulle gives it at nearly double
its length.

TABLE OF EASTERN SPECIES.

(10) 1. Wings infumate or deeply black-fascia ted before their apices.

(3) 2. Mesonotum with two nigrescent vittae 1. japonica, Ashm.
(2) 3. Mesonotum with no, or but pale, mesonotal vittae.

|5) 4. Body rust-red with metathorax not at all sulcate.

2. s'xperbiens, sp. n

(4) 5. Body not entirely rust-red or metathorax sulcate.

(7) 6. Subapical alar fascia narrow and extending half in (^, or

entirely in $, across wing. 3. instigator, Smith.

(6) 7. Subapical fascia not narrow, hardly extending beyond areolet.
(9) 8. Antennae broadly white-banded. 4. nobilitator. Smith.

(8) 9. Antennae not at all white-banded. 5. macidipennis, Smithy
(1) 10. Wings hyaline or flavescent throughout. 6. nigritarsis, Cam-

I. Thalessa japonica, Ashm.

Proc. U.S. Nat. Museum xxx, 1906, p. 176, ?.
T. japonica, as its author remarks, " shows some affinity
with Megarhyssa superba," though the bivittate mesonotum
and black-semifasciate wings are distinctive. It has not been
mentioned since first described from Sapporo in Japan. In
the British Museum is another female also from Japan, taken
in 1862 by R. Fortune. It is doubtless this Japanese species
that is referred to by Vollenhoven (Tijds. v. Ent. 1873, p. 70).

2. Thalessa superbiens, sp. n.

A pale ferrugineous insect, doubtless no more than a geo-
graphical form intermediate between T. superba of Europe,
from which it differs in having the wings semifasciate like
those of T. japonica, and T. lunator of Canada, with which it
agrees in the wing -fasciae, while having the abdominal spots
of T. superba. Possibly both this and T. japonica are forms
of T. superba, but Ashmead's species is black with the fasciae
concolorous and the punctate metathorax centrally sulcate ;
here the body is rust -red with the fasciae smoky and the

EHYSSIDES. 19

glabrous, strongly nitidulous metathorax not at all sulcate,
the head is posteriorly broader and the face immaculate ;
length, 20-42 mm. ? only. There are seven examples in the
British Museum, of which the type was captured in 1877
at Shanghai by W. B. Pryer ; the largest and smallest examples
were secured in northern China in 1859 by R. Fortune ; two
more were captured at Shanghai and Hai-ning, both during
October, 1892, by J. J. Walker ; and the last two females, in
which the alar fasciae are distinctly fainter, came from Tokio
in Japan in 1881.

3. Thalessa instigator, Smith.

Rhyssa instigator. Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. viii, 1864, p. 65, $ ;
Rhyssa doreica, Voll. Tijds. v. Ent. xvi, 1873, p. 69, pi. iv, fig. 3, $ ;
Rhyssa tridentata. Cam. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1901, p. 230.

Described, like all his others of this group, as a Rhyssa by
Smith from New Guinea, but relegated to this genus by
Tosquinet, who gave a detailed account of it (Mem. Soc. Ent.
Belg. 1903, p. 97, ?) from the same somewhat broad locality ;
though Mocsary is more explicit in ascribing both sexes,
brought forward by him (Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Hungr. 1905,
p. 3) to Bongu and Sattelberg on the Huon Gulf to the east
of the island, where Biro took two pairs. Mocsary here
synonymises Rhyssa doreica, Voll., the type of which came
from Dorey in New Guinea ; and I cannot entertain the
least doubt that Rhyssa tridentata, Cam., from New Britain,
is nothing but a small $ of the same species. I believe Smith
himself described the ^ from Mysol, under the name R. viator
(Proc. Linn. Soc, Zool., 1863, p. 10), since in the British Musem
is a single (j, received in 1862 and captured by Wallace in
New Guinea. In coloration it is of the same rich chocolate
brown as the $, with all the flavous marks analogous with the
addition of the whole pro thorax, cheeks, clypeus and disc of
hind coxae concolorous ; the abdomen is immaculate chocolate
with the segmental apices and sides slightly rufescent, and
basal segment convex ; the hind femora are nigrescent and
a determinate infumate fascia runs, unlike that of the ?, only
from the apex of the stigma to that of the areolet.

4. Thalessa nobilitator, Smith.
Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. vi, 1862, p. 63, ^ ?.

Dalla Torre's reference, copied by Prof. Dr. Schmiedeknecht,
is incorrect. Both sexes are described by Smith ; the ? is
so like an imusually profusely marked T. niaculipennis that

20 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

I should have leaned towards their synonymy were it not that
the antennae are pale -banded beyond their centre and the
mesonotum discally rufescent ; in sculpture, venation and
segmental emargination they exactly agree. One female in
the British Museum was taken by Wallace at Menado in
Celebes and is labelled as a co-type by Smith ; the adjacent
Tondano is the typical locality.

5. Thalessa maculipennis, Smith.
Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 1857, p. 120, ?.
Probably not a rare species ; originally recorded from
Sarawak and Singapore ; it is said (Journ. Str. Br. R. As.
Soc, 1903, p. 134) to vary in size from 20 to 27 mm., and to
have been taken at Kuching. There are thi-ee females thence
in the British Museum, of which one was taken at Gunong
Tahan in 1905, along with Epirhyssa flavopicta, by H. C.
Robinson. The quite black subapical alar spot renders this
species very distinct, though I anticipate that the next one
will prove to be its male.

6. Thalessa nigritarsis, Cam.

Rhyssa nigritarsis. Cam. Journ. Str. Br. R. Asiatic Soc. xxXvii, 1902,
p. 45, (J (nee 1886) ; Megarhyssa variegata, Mocs., Ann. Mus.
Nat. Hist. Hung. 1905, p. 2.

This Bomean species would need renaming (were not Rhyssa
nigritarsis, Cam. Biol. Centr.-Amer., 1886, p. 260, an Apec-
honeura), if found distinct from the last species, which I
consider improbable in spite of its immaculate wings and
other discrepancies. One of Cameron's co -types is in the
British Museum, taken at Kuching on 4th May, 1900 ; when
this was received in 1903, with a second from, Borneo, the type
was said to be in the author's collection ; two more were
taken at Kuching, also by Shelford, one on 21st January,
1902. The length is given at 17 mm. ; it varies from 15 to
19 mm. Mocsary's excellent description of his two c?(?
Megarhyssa variegata from Perak, I.e., leaves no doubt that it
is synonymous with the present species.

The number of specimens and species of this and the
preceding genus which were captured by A. R. Wallace in the
Malay Region appears remarkable until we realise his inde-
fatigable energy in this direction. Excluding all those
appertaining to the most popular Orders, the Lepidoptera and
Coleoptera, he tells us in The Malay Archipelago, 1869,
Vol. I, p. xiv, that he brought home 13,400 specimens of
Malay insects.

RHYSSIDES. 21

LYTARMES, Cameron.

Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 144.
This genus is so badly diagnosed by its author that it is
very difficult to seize the most constant points of distinction
from other Rhyssides ; he himself says (loc.cit.) that it " has
the striated mesonotum of Rhyssa, but differs from it in the
appendiculated areolet "— c/. B. Uneolata, Kirby— " and the
abdominal segments being not distinctly longer than their
breadth "— c/. hiyn under Epirhyssa, supra—'' in the shorter
hinder tarsi compared with the tibiae, in the much shorter
hinder coxae, and in the head being less developed behind
the eyes." The last statement has been converted by Ash-
mead in 1900 into " temples hardly half the width of the
eye " and copied by Schmiedeknecht in Gen. Insect. ; but
it is an exaggeration. As a matter of fact the two following
species cannot be confused with any other Rhyssides,
since they are so slender as to be more liable to be mis-
taken for Poemenia, Holmgr. Only two species, from India,
are known.

TABLE OF SPECIES.

(2). 1. Wings infumate below stigma; mesonotum not flavoua.

1. maculipennis, Cam.

(1) 2. Wings hyaline; mesonotum with discal fiavqus vittae.

2. hyalinipennis, Cam.

I, Lytarmes maculipennis, Cam.

Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 145, pi. iii, fig. 9, ?.
A black species with brown markings and the legs paler,
the head white -marked, and the wings infumate below the
stigma ; length, 16 mm. The figure shows the head to be
posteriorly as broad as the eyes (Cameron evidently referred
to its thickness, not its breadth) and the spurious nervure
of hind wing to be emitted from the junction of nervellus
and median nervure. The type w^as taken by Rothney in
the Khasi Hills of Assam, and is in the Oxford Museum.

2. Lytarmes hyalinipennis, Cam.
Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 146, ^.
A single pair of this much more brightly marked species,
in the Calcutta Museum, captured by W. Doherty in Tenas-
serim, has passed through my hands ; both sexes agree with
Cameron's somewhat superficial description in every respect,
with the exception of the relative length of the basal radial

22 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

abscissa and areolar petiole, which is not more than one-
fourth or -fifth of the former's length ; the scutellum is
peculiarly broad and dull, the metanotum polished and strongly
nitidulous with its spiracles elongate and impressed ; the
abdomen is sublinear and shining with the third and fourth
segments strongly emarginate apically ; the hind tibiae are
unusually stout, basally nigrescent and the front ones are
basally constricted. It is strange that two so closely alhed
species should at first have been described only in the
opposite sex. The typical male is from Assam.

APECHONEURA, Kriech.

Ann. Nat. Hist. Hofmus. Wien. 1890, p. 485.
This is a most interesting tropical American genus, at once
known from other of the Rhyssides by its entire areolet,
metanotal areae and strongly carinate frons ; it has the very
unusual character of a frequently white-banded, sometimes
twice banded, terebra and the species are peculiarly graceful
in outline. It appears to have been quite unknown to the
north American writers and, excepting one species somewhat
inadequately diagnosed by Brulle, remained undiscovered
till so late as 1886, when two were brought forward under the
genus Rhyssa from Nicaragua and Panama ; since that time
Kriechbaumer and Mocsary have given us nearly a dozen
species, in some of which the neuration of the hind wing is
unique among Ichneumonidae.

TABLE OF SPECIES.

(4) 1. Fl avo-testaceous with only antennae, terebra and tarsi

black. (PARANEURA, sub-gen. no V.)

(3) 2. Hind coxae not dentate below ; metapleurae apically mutic ;
abdomen flavous-niarked. 1. rw/ato, Mocs.

(2) 3. Hind coxae triangularly dentate below ; metapleurae den-
tate ; abdomen immaculate. 2. nigricornis, Mocs.

(1) 4. Thorax or abdomen mainly black, often white-marked.

(APECHONEURA, Kreich.).

(6) 5. Mesonotum produced, triangularly dentate laterally.

3. foveata, Mocs.

(5) 6. Mesonotum not or but slightly produced on either side.
(10) 7. Legs, and often abdomen, nearly entirely red.

(9) 8. Abdomen red, with only a discal line black.

4. nigritarsis. Cam.
(8) 9. Abdomen black and flavous, not at all red.

5. carmifrons. Cam.

(7) 10. Hind legs and abdomen not at all red-marked.
(14) 11. Thorax, head and anterior legs entirely bright red.

RHYSSIDES. 23 ,

(13) 12. Metapleurae dentately produced above hind coxae ; abdomen
entirely black ; areolet petiolate. 6. nigriventris, Mocs.

(12) 13. Metapleurae not produced ; abdomen white-marked ; areolet
sessile. 7. pictiventria, Mocs.

(11) 14. Black with stramineous markings, not at all red.

(16) 15. Abdomen not laterally pale-marked ; terebra immaculate

black. 8. semilunata, Mocs.

(15) 16. Abdomen laterally pale-marked ; terebra white-banded.
(24) 17. Spurious nei-vure emitted from median as far from nervellus

as latter is long.
(23) 18. Terebra more than double the length of the body.

(20) 19. Segments 3-5 obliquely pale-marked laterally ; areolet

normal. 9. longicauda, Kriech.

(19) 20. Segments 1-5 apically pale throughout; areolet apically

produced.
(22) 21. Connation of ramus with median as long as nervellus ; terebra

uniannulate. 10. major, sp. n.

(21) 22. Connation of ramus fovu" times length of nervellus; terebra

bisannulate. 11. mmor, sp. n.

(18) 23. Terebra about as long as the body. V2.hrevicauda,Kxiec\)..

(17) 24. Spurious nervure emitted almost from top of nervellus.

13. terminalis, Brulle.

SuB-GEN. Paraneura.

I et 2. Apechoneura rufata et A. nigricornis, Mocs.
Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungr. 1905, p. 11.

A single female of the former from Brazil, with three ?? of
the latter thence and from Costa Rica, are the only examples
known. These appear so distinct from the remainder of the
genus as to be worthy of a subgeneric name.

Sub-gen. Apechoneura, s. str.

3. Apechoneura foveata, Mocs.

Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungr. 1905, p. 14.

The only known female is said to be allied to BJiyssa

nigritarsis. Cam., 1886, but with the pro- and meso-thorax

laterally triangularly dilated and dentately produced. It

was taken in Costa Rica.

4. Apechoneura nigritarsis, Cam.
Rhyssa nigritarsis, Biol. Centr. Amer. 1886, p. 2G0, pi. xi,
fig. 3. ? (nee 1902).
The type and a co-type of this fine species are in the British
Museum. It is a true member of the present genus.

24 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

5. Apechoneura carinifrons, Cam.
Biol. Centr. Amer. 1886, p. 261, ^ ?.
Both the single male and female referred to by Cameron
are in the British Museum, and the former is quite certainly
correctly associated here, as was surmised by Mocsary in
1905. No further details of capture, than the localities
Chontales in Nicaragua, and Panama, are forthcoming.

6. Apechoneura nigriventris, Mocs.

Ann. Mus. Nat. Hist. Hungr. 1905, p. 12 : Schm. Gen. Insect. 1907,
pi. ii, fig. 11 [19, sic], ?.

Described from a single $ from Pebas on the Amazon in
Peru. One in the British Museum was taken by Bates in
Brazil also on the Amazon, and acquired in 1862 ; in this
example the body is 18 mm. in length and the terebra but
17 mm. Mocsary says the areolet is sessile ; Schmiedeknecht
figures it strongly petiolate ; in our female the sides are just
coalescent above.

7. Apechoneura pictiventris, Mocs. I.e.

So like the last species that it was not till I examined the
metapleurae that I appreciated its distinction. In the present
insect these are not at all produced above the hind coxae and,
whereas in the former they extend as far as the metathoracic
apex, here they are extremely obtuse and very short ;
further, the basal segment is more deplanate and less parallel-
sided, the spiracles of the three basal segments are much
less conspicuous, the two basal are white only on their disc
and the 3rd to 5th have a short lateral white streak, with the
whole epicnemia concolorous, terebra longer, areolet broadly
sessile and th6 nervellus no shorter than the connation of its
ramus with the median nervure ; length 16-20 mm., terebra
32-34 mm. ? only. A single specimen, captured by Bates
at Ega on the Amazon, was acquired by the British Museum
in 1856 ; the type was from Iquitos on the Amazon in Peru.

8. Apechoneura semilunata, Mocs.
Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungr. 1905, p. 10.
The single ? known, from Corioco in Bolivia, is black with
flavous and whitish markings ; antennae with joints 16-18
and 33-41 flavescent -white ; head broadly white ; thorax
with scutellum and other markings whitish ; hind legs black
with tibial base and second to fourth tarsal joints white ;

RHYSSIDES. 25

abdomen with the five first dorsal segments apically semilunate
flavescent -white, the sixth immaculate black and seventh
apically white ; terebral valvulae black, not pale-banded ;
length 20, terebra 55, mm. Similar to A. longicauda, but
with 3rd to 5th segmental marks discally semilunate and not
lateral, and terebra immaculate. Mocsary hardly appears
to have appreciated the value of the nervellus structure, since
he nowhere refers to it.

9. Apechoneura longicauda, Kriech.

Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien. 1890, p. 486, $.
Extremely like A. terminalis and only to be distinguished
by the peculiarly short connation of the ramus with the
median nervure of the hind wing ; this is hardly longer than
in some Echthromorpha species. Its author assigns it bisan-
nulated antennae, but this feature also sometimes occurs in
the former species, nor do I consider the larger size of the
latter to be at all constant ; in both the terebra is about twice -
and-a-half the length of the body. One ? " Coary Amazonas
Braziliae " (Kriech.) ; four $9 from Pebas and Chanchomayo
in Peru (Mocsary) ; and one in the British Museum, received
in the Crowley Bequest, labelled " Bogota."

10. Apechoneura major, sp. n.

Not unlike a large A. longicauda, but with the pale apices
of the segments entirely transverse and not at all obhque as
in that species^ the apices being orvlj and entirely pale stra-
mineous, and the areolet is apically much more strongly
produced externally. Its length is 28 mm., with the terebra
74 mm. Kriechbaumer tells us that A. terminalis extends to
30 mm., but the hind wing ramus is quite narrowly connate,
while here its connation is as long as is the nervellus. $ only.
The type was presented to the British Museum, from Ecuador
in 1872, by Clarence Buckley.

11. Apechoneura minor, sp. n.

An interesting little species with the abdominal markings
of A. major, i.e. the apices of all the segments evenly pale
throughout, but the head is much broader behind the eyes,
the legs more slender, the size but one third, and the terebra
both centrally and apically annulated with white. It is
instantly known from all other species of the present genus —
or of the whole Ichneumonidae, to the best of my knowledge

26 ICKNEUMONIDAE.

— by the spurious nervure of the hind wing being connate
with the median for four times the length of the nervellus.
Length, 10 mm. ; terebra, 20 mm. ? only. The type was
captured by H. W. Bates on the Amazon in Brazil, and
acquired by the British Museum in 1862.

12. Apechoneura brevicauda, Kriech.
Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien. 1890, p. 487, ?.
Known by the brevity of the terebra, which is not or hardly
longer than the body, and by the elongate connation of the
hind wing ramus, which is very distinctly longer than the
nervellus. Kriechbaumer says the body is 13 and the terebra
14 mm. in length ; his single ? is from " Coary Amazonas
Brazihae." Two ?? taken by H. W. Bates at Ega on the
Amazon, now in the British Museum, agree perfectly, with
the two exceptions of the length (body and terebra both
20 mm.) and the terebra broadly white-banded before its
centre, as well as apically ; an analogous female from British
Guiana is in my own collection. I can hardly credit that
Mocsary's two ?? from Manaos and Fonteboa belong here,
since he gives them so long a terebra : one with body 17 and
terebra 25 mm., the other with body 18 and terebra 30 mm.

13. Apechoneura terminalis, Brulle.

Rhyssa terminalis, Brulle, Hist. Nat. Hym. iv, 1846, 80, ?.
Brulle leaves one to consider the abdomen flavous beneath,
but there can be no doubt that Kriechbaumer's description
(Ann. Hofmus.Wien.1890, p. 486) is of the ? of the same species.
I consider it distinct from A. longicauda solely on the character
of the nervellus : the connate part of the ramus with the
median nervure is as long as the first recurrent nervure. One
Chilian and five Brazilian specimens are known, of Avhich the
last two were recorded by Mocsary from Minas Geraes ; and
there is another in the British Museum from " Brazil," ex.
coll. Mornay about 1835.

CERTONOTUS, Kriech.

Entom. Nachr. xv, 1889, p. 308.
This genus was erected by Kriechbaumer for the reception
of a single species from Australia, Avhich alone figures in Dalla
Torre's Catalogue. It was almost immediately taken in hand
by Dr. R. Krieger (Zeits. Hym.-Dip. 1901, pp. 113-126), who
finds Rhyssa flaviceps, Voll., to belong here and describes four

KHYSSIDES. 27

new kinds, all from the Austro -Malay region. Mocsary in
1905 synonymises one of these with a name by Smith in 1854,
and brings forward one new kind ; Tosquinet, who did not
recognise the genus, brought forward another in 1903. Cameron
has later in 1907 instanced a further one. There are in
Victoria and Tasmania one or two other genera, so closely
allied to the present one that they are to be distinguished only
by their quite smooth, or but finely transaciculate, meso-
notum ; and these appear to form a natural link between the
Ephialtes -groxnp of the Pimplinae and the Rhyssides, from
which they are excluded by their lack of distinct and strong
mesonotal transcarinae.

TABLE OF SPECIES.

(14) 1. Basal metanotal area wanting; basal third of hind tibia
with fovea ; basal lateral angles of pronotum simple.

(13) 2. Areolet triangular, emitting recurrent beyond centre ; thorax
mainly black.

(12) 3. Wings subhyaline, not at all infumate.
(9) 4. Metanotum basally black ; second recurrent strongly geni-
culate, emitted near apex of areolet.

(6) 5. Hind coxae subdentate below ; pleurae immaculate ; seg-

ments apically pale throughout. 1. geniculatus, sp. n.

(5) 6. Hind coxae obtusely produced below ; pleurae pale-marked ;
segments often only laterally pale.

(8) 7. Antennae not white-marked ; hind tibiae unifoveate ; seg-
ments laterally pale. 2. vestigator. Smith.

(7) 8. Antennae broadly white ; hind tibiae with a series of foveae ;

segments apically pale. 3. nitidulus, sp. n.

(4) 9. Metanotum basally flavous ; second recurrent slightly genicu-
late, emitted near centre of areolet.

(11) 10. Mesonotum mainly black ; metathorax short and convex.

4. monticola, sp. n.

(10) 11. Mesonotum mainly red; metathorax neither short nor

convex. 5. rufus, Mocs.

(3) 12. Wings violaceous and distinctly infumate. Q. lahialis,Ca,Ta..

(2) 13. Areolet subquadrate, emitting recurrent from centre ; thorax

entirely red. 7. seminiger, Krieg.

(1) 14. Basal metanotal area entire ; apical third of hind tibia with

spine ; basal lateral angles of pronotum produced.

(20) 15. Body entirely rufescent throughout.

(17) 16. Flagellum entirely black ; posterior metathoracic trans-

carina wanting ; scutellum convex. 8. rufescens, sp. n.

(16) 17. Flagellum broadly white towards apex ; posterior trans-

carina distinct ; scutellum deplanate.
(19) 18. Scutellum transcarinate ; areolet subsessile ; antennal apices
white. 9. annulatua, sp. n

28 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

{18) 19. Scutellum simple; areolet distinctly petiolate ; apical
flagellar joint black. 10. apicalis. sp. n.

(15) 20. Body mainly black, pale-marked.
(28) 21. Scutellum white or flavidous.

(25) 22. Face finely punctate ; mesonotum intermittently granvilate-

carinate.
(24) 23. Thorax flavous, with mesonotum centrally black.

11. humeralifer, Krieg.

{23) 24. Thorax black, with mesonotum centrally flavous.

12. flaviceps, Voll.

(22) 25. Face coarsely punctate, centrally smooth ; mesonotum
evenly transcarinate.

(27) 26. Nervellus entire, not intercepted; flagellum apically white.

13. hinnuleus, Krieg.

.(26) 27. Nervellus geniculate and intercepted ; flagellum not white.

14. veteratrix, Tosq.

(21) 28. Scutellum entirely black. 15. varius, Kriech.

I. Certonotus geniculatus, sp. n.

A handsome black species, with the mesothorax and meta-
pleurae rich castaneous ; the face, clypeus, labrum, cheeks,
inner and outer though not vertical orbits, radices, tegulae,
scutellum, postscutellum, apical half of metathorax to the
concolorous abdominal base, sides and apices of all the seg-
ments with small and indefinite lateral spots on sixth and
seventh, anterior legs except femora partly and the inter-
mediate tarsi, hind trochanters with apices of their coxae,
of their femora and of their tibiae with base of the last, pale
stramineous ; the tricolored metathorax has no basal area
and only a single curved carina on either side, spiracles
circumcarinate and elongate-oval ; areolet very broadly
triangular, nearly twice broader than high, emitting the
curved recurrent nervure from its apical third ; second
recurrent of hind wings strongly curved ; nervellus strongly
intercepted at its upper fourth ; terebra exactly as long as
body ; length, 19-25 mm. I have seen two pairs of this species,
which is similar to C. monticola, but much more slender with
the wings much narrower, taken by Charles French in Victoria,
during February, 1901 and at Nulla Wullen, near Berwick
there, by Wooster about 1893.

2. Certonotus vestigator, Smith.
Rhyssa vestigator, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. iii, 1859, p. 174, ^.
Krieger described the ? of this species under the name
C. similis (Zeits. Hym.-Dip., 1901, p. 116), according to

RHYSSIDES.

29

Mocsaiy, who deals (Ann. Nat. Hist. Mus. Hungr., 1905, p. 8)
with both sexes at some length, on the strength of single
examples of both from Sattelberg on the east of German
New Guinea ; Smith knew it {I.e. et I.e. 1863, p. 10) from
the adjacent island of My sol, whence is a ? in the British
Museum, and the Aru Islands ; and Krieger from Milne Bay
in New Guinea.

3. Certonotus nitidulus, sp. n.

A bright castaneous species \\dth profuse pale markings
and only the flagellum (of which the ten penultimate joints
are white), mandibles, frenum, inferior metathoracic areae,
posterior tarsi and centre of their tibiae, black. The face,
mouth, cheeks, frontal and external though not the vertical
orbits, pale stramineous ; thorax with a small quadrate spot
on centre of mesonotum and one on either side of its apex,
radices, tegulae, elongate callosities before and below radices,
a small and circular spot at both base and apex of meso-
pleurae, postscutellum with sides and apex of scutellum,
and whole apical third of metathorax concolorous, as also
are the sides and apices of all the segments, base of first and
small lateral spots on fourth to seventh, the anterior legs
except part of femora, the hind trochanters udth apices
of their femora and tibiae, and base of the latter. Areolet
exactly triangular, subsessile above, emitting recurrent
nervure from its apical third. Length, 11 mm., with terebra
12 mm. I have seen but a single female of this distinct
species.

4. Certonotus monticola, sp. n.

Extremely like C. vestigator, though differing in several
important details. The basal nervure is almost exactly
continuous through the median, with the nervulus exactly
vertical ; the less strongly geniculate second recurrent nervure
is emitted immediately "beyond the centre, instead of from
the apical fourth, of the areolet ; the frons is much less strongly
impressed on either side ; metathorax humped up and very
much shorter, flavous \yiih only the extreme apex and the
sides narrowly at the base black ; its carinae are almost
entirely wanting beyond the costulae ; the hind tarsi are
considerably shorter and the external hind tibial fovea is
very distinct. The female type was taken on the Tambourine
Mountains, near Brisbane, and received by the British Museum
in 1910.

30 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

5. Certonotus rufus, Mocs.
Ann. Nat. Hist, Mus. Hungr. 1905, p. 7, ?.
A single rufescent female with black, white and castaneous
markings, and the terebra 3 mm. longer than the body is
described by Mocsary from Waigiou.

6. Certonotus labialis, Cam.
Tijds. V. Ent. l, 1907, p. 43, ?.

This ferrugineous species, with violaceous wings and mainly
black abdomen is 13 mm. in length, with terebra 12 mm.
The type, from Merauke in southern Dutch New Guinea, is
said to be closely allied to C. seminiger, and to differ mainly
in its clypeal conformation.

7. Certonotus seminiger, Krieg.

Zeits. Hym.-Dip. 1901, p. 119, ^ ?.

A ferrugineous species with the abdomen from base of
second segment, the hind legs except basally, and the flageUum,
black ; alar apices infumate ; length 13-17 mm. Three
specimens are described from Milne Bay in New Guinea,
taken by Micholitz.

8. Certonotus rufescens, sp. n.

It is remarkable that three distinct species with entirely
rufescent body should occur in so restricted an area as do this
and the two following insects, and that in the female sex
alone. These all agree in their bright brick-red and
nitidulous body and legs, with at most the antennae except
basally beneath, mandibles, onychii, terebra, stigma, costa
and nervures, black, as is the case in the present species,
which differs from both the following in the entirely black
fiagellum, centrally elevated scutellum and total lack of
posterior metathoracic transcarina. The scutellum is coarsely
and not very closely punctate, gradually and distinctly
elevated from base to beyond centre and thence abruptly
declived to apex, with no trace of a discal transcarina. The
areolet is broadly triangular, coalescent above, emitting
recurrent nervure from its apical fourth. Terebra exactly
as long as body. Length 12-17 mm. Three females were
taken at Mackay in Queensland, one of them in September,
1901, and presented by Gilbert Turner between 1901-9.

RHYSSIDES. 31

9. Certonotus annulatus, sp. n.
Exactly like the last in coloration, excepting that the ten
apical flagellar joints are pure white, but differing in the
deplanate scutellum which is closety and coarsely punctate
to its apical third where it is bisected by a complete trans-
carina, bej'^ond which it becomes coriaceous ; in the presence
of a strong posterior carina on the disc only of the meta-
thorax ; in the distinctly sessile areolet, which emits' the
recurrent nervm-e from its apical third. Terebra exactly
as long as the body. Length, 13-18 mm. Three females were
taken at Kuranda near Cairns in Queensland during December,
1901 and March, 1902.

10. Certonotus apicalis, sp. n.

Exactly like the last two species but with the terminal
flagellar joint black, preceded by a twelve-jointed white
band ; with the scutellum strongly nitidulous and very
sparsely punctate, and without trace of ti-anscarina ; with
the posterior metathoracic transcarina entire, though nowhere
strong ; with the basal segment much shorter and stouter,
hardly half as long again as apically broad, whereas in both
the above species it is fully twice longer than broad ; and with,
the terebra very much longer than the body. Length 14, with
terebra 25, mm. — 17, with terebra 32, mm. Four females taken
with the above at Kuranda, near Cairns, during March, 1902.

II. Certonotus humeralifer, Krieg.
Zeits. Hym.-Dip. 1901, p. 121, o.
A luteous species with the flagellum, occipital mark, a central
mesonotal mark, scutellar fovea, frenum, terebra and hind
tarsi black ; basal angles of pronotum tuberculiformly
produced ; length, 13-15 mm., with terebra 1 mm. longer.
Krieger knew four ?? from New South Wales.

12. Certonotus fiaviceps, Veil.

Rhyssa flaviceps, Voll. Stett. Ent. Zeit. xl, 1879, p. 139, ?.
I have not seen this female, with the abdomen only laterally
pale-marked, of 20 mm. with terebra 25 mm. It was described
from the Aru Islands and relegated by Krieger (Zeits. Hym.-
Dip.. 1901, p. 113) to the present genus, in which it is treated
of by Tosquinet (Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1903, p. 103) from
New Guinea, where Beccari took the example in the Genoa
Museum during February, 1875.

32 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

13. Certonotus hinnuleus, Krieg.
Zeits. Hym.-Dip. 1901, p. 123, $.
A handsome species of 12 mm., with the antemiae and
badious-black segments apically Avhite, the metathoiax partly
and scutellum concolorous, the mesonotum rufescent with
black vitta and white apical marks. It is best recognised
by the entire nervellus which emits no nervure, though the
spurious nervure is distinctly visible towards the apex of the
hind wing (not shown by Kj-ieger, I.e., pi. ii, fig. 3). Its
author knew one female from New South Wales, of which
the terebra was 11 mm. to the body's 12 mm ; while one,
which I cannot consider distinct, in the British Museum
from Western Australia is 12 mm. in length, with the terebra
extending only 5 mm. beyond the anus.

14. Certonotus veteratrix, Tosq.
Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1903, p. 100, ?.

The type, in the Genoa Museum, was taken during January,
1894, at Fiuma Parari in New Guinea and termed a Rhyssa
by its author ; but Mocsary places it in the present genus
(Ann. Nat. Hist. Mus. Hungr., 1905, p. 9) and describes the
male from Sattelberg in New Guinea.

15. Certonotus varius, Kriech.
Ent. Nachr. xv, 1889, p. 308, ?.

The type of the Genus. Australia,

SUB-FAMILY PIMPLINAE.
TRIBE ECHTHROMORPHIDES.

The tMO genera here dealt with are so distinct from the
whole remainder of the Pimplinae that they may well be
monographed as together forming a small tribe characterised
by the emission of the spurious nervure from the junction of
the cubital and nervellus in the hind Aving, by the basally
strong sinuate radius of the front ones, by the rostriform
mouth with peculiarly elongate cheeks and also, perhaps, by
the wanting or obsolete metanotal carinae.

TABLE OF GENERA.
(2) 1. Hind femora dentate beneath ; nervellus antefurcal ; metanotuni

trituberculate. LISSOPIMPLA, Kriech,

( 1 ) 2. Hind femora simple ; nervulus postf ureal ; metanotum at most

bituberculate. ECHTHROMORPHA, Holmgr.

LISSOPIMPLA, Kriech.

Ent. Nachr. 1889, p. 309 ; Trichrus, Tosq. Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg.
1903, p. 373.

This genus, erected by Kriechbaumer in his " Nova genera
et species Pimplidarum," is remarkable for its well-defined
characters and Austro -Malay distribution ; but one species,
long ago very inadequately described by Francis Walker,
extends as far west as Ceylon.

TABLE OF SPECIES.
(8) 1. Wings strongly infvunate ; thorax entirely or nearly entirely
red.

(7) 2. Abdomen basally broadly black.

(()) 3. Metanotal elevation simple ; anus broadly red.

(5) 4. Foiu- basal segments apicaUy white laterally ; metanotum

trituberculate. 1. semipunctata, Kirby.

(4) 5. Four basal segments at most obscurely red-marked ; meta-

notmn subbituberculate. 2. pacifica, sp. n.

D

(2)

7.

(1)

8.

(14)

9.

(11)

10.

(10)

11.

(13) J2.

(12)

13.

(9)

14.

34 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

(3) 6. Metanotal elevation triangularly impressed ; abdomen not
red-marked. 3. octoguttata, Kriech.

Abdomen not at all black-marked. 4. concolor, Krieg.

Wings hyaline ; thorax not or hardly red-marked.
Recvirrent nervure emitted distinctly before apex of areolet.
Abdomen red with three first segments basally black and
flavous-marked. 5. stwpenda, Tosq.

Abdomen black with all the segments flavous-marked.
Segments only pale at apical angles ; hind tibiae, and usually
venter, black. 6. scutata, Krieg.

Whole segmental apices pale ; hind tibiae red, venter black.

7. albopicta. Walk.
Recurrent nervure emitted from apex of areolet.

8. rnfipes. Cam.

I. Lissopimpla semipunctata, Kirby.

Rhyssa semipimctata, Kirby. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1883, p. 202, $ ;
L. decimnotata, Kriech. Ent. Nachr. 1889, p. 310, (J ?.

This species, which was first fully described as Xenopimpla
semipunctata by Cameron (Manch. Mem. xlii, 1898, No. 1,
p. 28, c? ?) occurs throughout the whole of Australia, though
not extending to the northern islands ; it is very common
about Mackay in Queensland, though the largest examples
are from Victoria and Western Australia. It is, apparently,
much rarer in New Zealand. The typical ?, in the British
Museum, has the first segment immaculate, as in Kriech-
baumer's variety, L. haemorrJioidalis ; I have seen no ? with
it basally white, as in that of his L.lO-noiata. The size varies
in d'c? 11-18 mm. and in 9$ 12-25 mm. Specimens in the
British Museum are from New South Wales (Port Stephens ;
Harrington ; Sydney on 20th March, 1890 ; Wellington on
20th Feb., 1891 ; and a $ in Edinburgh Museum) ; from
Victoria (Goulburn River ; Lower Plentj- ; Nilumbill Valley,
near Melbourne) ; from Western Australia (Champion Bay
in 1866 ; Baudin Island, Long Reef in 1891 ; Swan River ;
Fremantle ; and Perth) ; from South Australia (Alexandria
on the Playford River in April, 1906 ; Killalpanima, a hun-
dred miles east of Lake Eyre ; Adelaide; and Port Darwin) ;
from Queensland (Toowomba ; Mackay in May, 1900, where
it was bred from the Noctuid moth, Achoea melicerta) ; and
from " East Australia." The New Zealand examples are
Kirby 's type, taken by Skelton at Blenheim in 1883 ; one
from Wellington in 1898; and half a dozen recorded from
Grey mouth by Cameron. Krieger adds the Fiji Islands.

ECHTHROMORPHIDES. 35

2. Lissopimpla pacifica, sp. n.

This species differs from the last in having both pairs of
wings uniformly infumate throughout and the four basal
segments with no white spots ; in other respects, the scutellum
is less strongly carinate, the areolet is distinctly less oblique
with the radius strongly reflexed apically, and the second
recurrent of lower wings is not at all sinuate ; the hind tarsi
are no darker than the fulvous hind femora and tibiae ; the
central elevation of metanotum is strongly carinate on either
side and not at all apically produced. Length, 17-21 mm.
? only. The type is one of twenty-seven Hymenoptera col-
lected by John Macgillivray, f.r.g.s., in New Caledonia in
1859 ; and a second is one of three Hymenoptera taken at
Kokoda in British New Guinea in 1907 by C. A. W. Monckton ;
both are in the British Museum.

3. Lissopimpla octoguttata, Kriech.
Ent. Nachr. 1889, p. 310.
It is said to have the abdomen entirely black with only
the four basal segments — as in L. semipunctata. — apically
Avhite on either side. Respecting its distinction from the
same author's 10-notata, Krieger retained an open opinion in
1899 ; but it appears distinct both in its black anus and in
the strongly sinuate nervellus, which in all the L. semipunctata
T have seen is " vix flexuosus." The present insect is vaguely
recorded from Australia.

4. Lissopimpla concolor, Krieg.
Zeits. Hym.-Dip. vii 1907, p. 300, ?.

At once knowTi by its uniform dark rust-red coloration ;
the mesonotum is somewhat closely covered with small hair-
bearing punctures. The unique ?, in the Berlin Museum,
was captured at Atapupu on Timor.

5. Lissopimpla stupenda, Tosq.
Trichrus stupenda, Tosq., Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1903, p. 374, ^ ?.

As Krieger remarked in 1907, this is certainly a Lissopimpla
though quite distinct from any species known to him or me ;
the thorax is black with both flavous and fulvous markings,
the abdomen is red with the three — not four, as in Kriech-
baumer's species — first segments broadly red basally and
flavous-marked externally. It was found in Java in 1881.

d2

36 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

6. Lissopimpla scutata, Krieg.
Sitzb. Nat. Ges. Leipzig 1899, p. 50, figg. 4 et 5, (J $.
Very like L. albopicta, but with a distinct range and at
once knowTi by its black hind tibiae and only laterally pale-
marked segments. It is only knoAVTi from Queensland ; the
type is from Cooktown, and it was found by Turner at
Mackay during April to June, as well as by French at Kuranda
near Cairns in June, 1902.

7. Lissopimpla albopicta, Walk.

Pimpla albopicta. Walk. Ann. Nat. Hist. (3) v, 1860, p. 306, ? ;
L. rufipes. Cam. Spol. Zeyl. in, 1905, p. 140, pi. b, ?.

Widely distributed and doubtless common throughout
India from Ceylon (Walker, E. E. Green, Dr. Thwaites
in 1867 and Turner at Kandy in February, 1903) to Sikkim
in April, 1891 (Col. Bingham). I have seen it from an
altitude of 6,000 feet in the Khasi Hills of Assam and from
7,000 feet in the Nilgiri Hills of Madras. Mr. Green has
presented me Avith a unique S, which differs in only sexual
directions from the ?? and was captured at Peradeniya in
May, 1909. Both Walker's and Cameron's types are in
the British Museum. Krieger in 1907 remarks upon the
too inferiorly intercepted nervellus of the latter's figure ;
and this is rectified by Cameron in the paper next quoted.

8. Lissopimpla rufipes, Cam.
Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales 1911, p. 363, ?.
Another species of this genus Avas described by Cameron
under the same specific name, which is therefore doubtfully
valid ; but the present may perhaps stand, though its author
was not aware in erecting it that the former one was pre-
occupied by Walker. The present species is from the
Solomon Islands, nine hundred miles from Cooktown. The
description agrees in every point with that of L. scutata
(to which its author does not refer), excepting in its centrally
rufescent hind tibiae, the smooth notauli and the second
recurrent nervure, which is continuous with the external
intercubital nervure.

ECHTHROMORPHA, Holmgr.
Eugenies Resa. Insect. 1868, 406.
This genus is especially interesting on account of the
individual distribution of its species, which appears to

ECHTHROMORPHIDES. 37

radiate from the Malay Archipelago to Australia and Tas-
mania, the Pacific island-groups of Hawaii, Society, Fiji,
Solomon and New Caledonia, whence I have been enabled
to describe no less than three new species in this and the
foregoing genus ; to Ceylon and Assam, through Burma
and Tenasserim, as far east as Siam ; none are knoA^Ti from
Arabia and it seems probable that the genus reaches Africa
solely by way of the Seychelles Islands, Mauritius and
Madagascar. On that Continent a single species is knowTi,
differing slightly on the east and west coasts, and but little
from the Indian representative ; on the east it ranges from
Mombasa to Durban, and on the west sparingly from Togo-
land through the Congo to Sierra Leone ; and a peculiar
kind is found only on St. Helena. This species has been
recorded by Krieger, upon insufficient evidence, also from
north America and he describes both sexes of another from
Brazil, with a partly illegible label : I have seen none from
the new world. I have experienced little difficulty in eluci-
dating the species, since Dr. Prof. R. Krieger has given us
so complete and comprehensive a monograph of the genus
in Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin,
1908, pp. 295-344. Echthromovpha, Tscheck, is sjoionj^mised
by Dalla Torre with Anilasta, Thoms., and can have no
connection with the present genus.

TABLE OF SPECIES.
(6) 1. Metathoracic apophyses very distinct ; black or blue spp.,

whitish-spotted.
(5) 2. Body not at all metallic blue ; legs and antennae red.
(4) 3. Anus and the subdeplanate scutellum black.

1. intricatoria. Fab.
(3) 4. Anus and the tectiform scutellum fulvous. 2. biiecta, sp. n.
(2) 5. Body entirely cyaneous-blue ; legs and antennae black.

3. exquisita, sp. n.
(1) 6. Metathorax with no, or deplanate, tubercles; more or less
broadly red spp.
(14) 7. Face very coarsely punctate, and centrally not smooth.
(11) 8. Body rust-red, at most ocellar region black : face li broader

than liigh.

(10) 9. Wings apically immaculate ; first segment hardly longer than

its apical breadth. 4. maxima, Krieg.

(9) 10. Wings apically black-spotted ; first segment one-thu'd longer

than its apical breadth. 5. plagiaia. Smith.

(8) 11. Body flavidotis, not red ; face not or hardly broader than high.

(13) 12. Scutellum tectiform, with its vertex rounded ; hind femora

black-marked ; metanotum with a subquadrate black spot.

6. gnathon, Krieg.

(15)

16.

(18)

17.

(17)

18.

(28)

19.

(23)

20.

(22)

21.

(21)

22.

(20)

23.

(27)

24.

(26)

25.

38 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

(12) 13. Scutelliim subhemispherical ; hind femora ferrugineous-
marked ; metanotum with a triangular spot.

7. tridens, Krieg.
(7) 14. Face not coarsely ptmctate, its centre smooth.

(16) 15. Mesopleurae duU and closely punctate; body black.

8. atrata, Holmgr.

Mesopleurae not dull, sparsely piuictate ; body pale, or pale-
marked.
Mesopleurae with a large, obtuse conical callosity.

9. conopleura, Krieg.
Mesopleurae with no such callosity.

Body nearly entirely black ; flavous mesonotal vittae wanting.
Wings with no apical dark marks ; scutellum hemispherical.

Body red-marked ; scutellimi not flavous ; segmental apices
dark. 10. immaculata, Krieg.

Body not red-marked ; scutellum and apices flavous.

11. walkeri, Cam.

Wings apically dark-marked ; scutellum not hemispherical.
Scutellum strongly convex ; mesopleurae entirely black.
(^ face not at all pale ; areolet petiolate ; gastrocoeli of central
segments wanting. 12. maculipennis, Hlgr.

(25) 26. c? face entirely flavous ; areolet subsessile ; gastrocoeli of central
segments translucent. 13. flavo-orbitalis, Cam.

(24) 27. Scutellum but slightly convex ; mesopleiu-ae red-marked.

14. nigricans, Krieg.

(19) 28. Body not nearly entirely black ; mesonotum flavous or flavous-

striped.
(40) 29. Mesonotimi black with two pale vittae.

(31) 30. Second segment shining, diffvisely punctate ; body not flavous-

marked. 15. macula, Brulle.

(30) 31. Second segment duller ; body always flavous-marked.

(33) 32. Pronotal sulcus basally striate 16. agrestoria, Swed.

(32) 33. Pronotal sulcus basally quite smooth.

(35) 34. Metanotum with no black markmgs at all 11. ins idiator, Smith.

(34) 35, Metanotum with at least one central black vitta.

(37) 36. Pale apices of second-fifth segments not centrally interrupted.

18. n,otulatoria. Fab.

(36) 37. Pale apices of central segments discally black.

(39) 38. Areolet broad, not petiolate ; antennae stouter and rufescent ;
hind coxae entirely red. 19. inermis, sp. n.

(38) 39. Areolet narrow, petiolate ; antennae slender and black ; hind

coxae black and flavous 20. variegata, Brulle.

(29) 40. Mesonotvmi rust-red, at most with a single black vitta.
(46) 41. Wings not apically infumate ; $ second segment densely

punctate.
(43) 42. Mesoplem-ae and centre of abdomen broadly black.

21. diver sor, sp. n.

ECHTHROMORPHIDES. 39

(42) 43. Mesopleiirae and abdomen not, or hardly, at all black.

(45) 44. Metanotum glabrous and not impressed ; mesonotvmi strongly

nitidulous ; occiput black. 22. hyalina, Sauss.

(44) 45. Metanotum trans-striate and centrally impressed ; meso-

notum closely pimctate, dull ; occiput red. 23. rufa. Cam.

(41) 46. Wings apically infumate ; $ second segment sparsely pimctate.

24. setnperi, Krieg.

I. Echthromorpha intricatoria, Fab.

Cryptiis intricatorius. Fab., Piez. 77, $.

A common Australian and Tasmanian species, though
not extending in Queensland as far north as Mackay. In
the British Museum it is represented from Adelaide, 1887
(B. Nevinson) ; " East Australia," 1910 (Dr. T. P. Lucas) ;
one S in south Queensland in Februarj^ 1901 (C. French) ;
Lower Plenty (R. Bakewell), Port Phillip, 1854 (Col. Bolton),
Melbourne in August, 1900 (C, French), and others from
Victoria (Prof. Spencer and F. du Boulay) ; Sydney in
March, 1898 (de la Garde), and in 1890 (Froggatt), Taralga
(Dr. Broom) ; other Australian specimens are from North
Hole (Hunter), and three, of which one was bred " from
larva of a large Bombj^x," from H. G. Harrington in 1844.
It is common in Tasmania and adjacent islands : two ex.
coll. Ent. Soc. in 1858 ; two from S.E. Tasmania in 1877
(E. D. Atkinson) ; another the same year (A. Simson) ;
two from Allport of Hobart in 1854 ; three from Hobart
in 1891 (the Admiralty) and in 1844 (Dr. Byne). Prof.
Spencer took it at King Island in 1888. I know no species
of the present genus which at all agrees with the crude figure
of an insect, referred to the present by Schmiedeknecht at
Gen. Insect. 1907, pi. i, fig. 3 (fig. 2 sic, p. 28). A single
c? in the Oxford University Museum is, perhaps, erroneously
labelled " India."

2. Echthromorpha bitecta, sp. n.

Superficially similar to E. diversor in coloration but
instantly kno\Mi from all other species by the strong, sub-
circular and distinctly tectiform stramineous apophyses on
either side of the transaciculate metathorax, which is other-
wise black, excepting a large flavous callositj^ above each
hind coxa. Black, and nitidulous Avith the mesonotum
closely sculptured, dull and longitudinally red centrally ;
prothorax entirely fulvidous, with the adjoining part of
mesosternum concolorous and mesopleurae flavous ; head

40 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

fulvous with the face and mouth flavous, eyes piceous and
ocelli slightly nigrescent ; antennae unusually long, distinctly
longer than body and slender with the joints both basally
and apically nodose, fulvous beneath ; scutellar region and
frenum entirelj^ flavidous Avith scutellum, postscutelluni and
basal carinae of the former's sulcus citrinous ; abdomen
black with apical angles of the four basal segments obliquely
flavidous, and the anus from centre of the next entirely
bright brick-red ; legs immaculate pale fulvous ; wings
subflavescent with a determinate subapical infumate spot,
and the stigma luteous. Length, 13 mm. (J only. The
type was taken by John Macgillivray, F.R.G.S., in New
Caledonia in 1859, and is in the British Museum.

3. Echthromorpha exquisita, sp. n.

The last and finest species taken by Macgillivray in New
Caledonia is represented in the British Museum by a single
pair. It is instantly knoA\-n by the brilHantly metallic
cyaneous coloration of the whole body, the dead black
antennae and small pure white markings. Head with all
the orbits narrowly, a small spot on either side of the clypeal
apex and the mouth white ; face strongly punctate ; thorax
with propleural margin, a spot at apices of the deeply
impressed notauli, apical half of tegulae and basal scutellar
carinae, a dot beneath all the radices with one in centre of
mesopleural apex and another immediately above the inter-
mediate coxae, postscutelluni and all scutellar lateral
carinae, with small and subapical metathoracic ajiophj^ses,
and dots above hind coxae, white ; abdomen strongly
punctate with apical angles of all the segments, discally
coalescent on basal two of ?, white ; terebra half length of
abdomen ; legs with, front coxae except above, their tarsi
and trochanters, anterior tibiae except the intermediate
externally, inner side of front and towards their apices of
intermediate femora, and a discal spot on hind coxae, dead
white ; wings hyaline, with stigma black and the (J areolet
a little petiolate. Length, 16 mm. ^ ?.

4. Echthromorpha maxima, Krieg.

Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berl. 1908, p. 334, ?.

An entirely distmct species in its large size (27 mm. in

type ; those in the British Museum being 22-24 mm.), entirely

fulvous body, closely punctate face and immaculate, flav-

escent wings. The antennae— broken in type — are nearly as

ECHTHROMORPHIDES. 41

long as body, a little attenuate at both extremities and deep
black, with only the scape fulvous. Krieger knew but a
single 9 in Mus. Wien., taken on Amboyna in the Moluccas
about 1859 ; the British Museum contains four $? from
Queensland, of which the earliest was sent from Moreton
Bay in 1852, the next was found there by Mrs. Diggles in
1863, and the last two were taken at Mackay in September,
1894, and bred at Townsville on 3rd December, 1901, by
F. P. Dodd from Ornithoptera euphorion, Gray.

5. Echthromorpha plagiata, Smith.
Pimpla plagiata, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. iii, 1859, p. 173, $.
Smith named a single ? in the British Museum, which was
taken on Aru (the typical locality) by Alfred Wallace, and is
a co-type ; Prof. Poulton informs me the type is at Oxford.
It has the face coai'sety punctate and agrees in every way with
E. fastigata. Krieg. (Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berl., 1908,' p. 336 ?),
dififering from E. insidiator — which it superficially most
strongly resembles — in much the same way that E. hyalina
does from E. rufa. Krieger's ? in the Vienna Museum was
taken further north, on Batchian Island, in the Moluccas.

6 et 7. Echthromorpha gnathon et tridens, Krieg.
Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berl. 1908, p. 337 and 339.
I know neither of these Malaj- species.

8. Echthromorpha atrata, Holmgr.
Eugenies Resa. Insect. 1868, 407, pi. viii, fig. 3, ?.
The figure is useless, but Holmgren is very distinct in his
locality, " St. Helena," for his typical ? of 16 mm. and another
of but half the size. No one has recorded it thence since
that time, and I consider Krieger's single ?, said to have
come from North America — on the strength of its cryptic
label " Am. spt." — certainly distinct, if its speculum be (as
stated) smooth, for the mesopleurae of true E. atrata are,
as stated by Holmgren, " creberrime alutaceo-punctatus "
throughout. There are six examples in the British Museum,
comprising the sexes in equal number ; the o, hitherto
unknown, differs in no way excepting its possibly paler
mouth ; the size varies to a remarkable extent thus : ??
8|-14 mm., SS 5|-8^ mm. These were all captured on
St. Helena (at Nine Tree Out, Plantation, and West Lodge)
by the late T. V. Wollaston.

42 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

9 et 10. Echthromorpha conopleura et immaculata,
Krieg.
Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berl. 1908, pp. 321 and 331.
These two species, from the Brazils and the Fiji Islands
respectively, I have not seen.

II. Echthromorpha walkeri, Cam.

Proc. and Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Glasgow i (New Series), 1887,
p. 265, c?.

Established on a single 3 taken by J. J. Walker at Tahiti in
the Society Islands, this species, the type of which is in
the British Museum, was unkno-\\Ti to Krieger, who naturally
guessed it to be probably sjTionymous with his E. striata.
This, however, can hardly be the case, in spite of the diver-
gence of sexual coloration in E. insidiator, etc., for it is
actually more closely allied to E. immaculata in its hyaline
wings, mainly black body and immaculate mesonotum.
The colour is very distinct, being black with no trace of
red ; the face, mouth, orbits narrowly, scape beneath,
callosity below front radices, centre of mesopleurae and a
large dorso -lateral mark on metathorax, flavous ; scutellum
and postscutellum, apices of six basal segments except cen-
trally, anterior coxae and internal discal marks on the
hind ones are concolorous ; the legs are nigrescent, with
the front ones dull ochreous and the underside of the posterior
femora flavescent ; abdomen diffusely and not very finely
punctate throughout, with the basal segment finely trans-
aciculate ; pronotum basally striate.

12. Echthromorpha macuHpennis, Hohngr.
Eugenies Resa. Insect. 1868, 406, o' ?.
Honolulu on Oahu (Holmgren) ; a <? thence from the
Rev. T. Blackburn (c/. Manch. Soc. Proc, 1886, p. 178 et
Mem. Manch. Soc. x (3), 1887, p. 239) is in the British Museum,
with an old ? simply labelled " Oahu." Subsequently it has
been found on Hawaii, Kanai, Lanai, Maui and Molokai,
usually at an altitude of 2,000-4,000 feet, during March-
May and July-September, when it has been bred from the
larva of a geometrid moth infesting cocoanut palms.

13. Echthromorpha flavo-orbitalis, Cam.
Proc. Manch. Soc. 1886, p. 178; Mem. Manch. Soc. 1887, p. 239.

The (? described under this name by Cameron is extremely
like that of the last species, differing mainly in its very

ECHTHROMOEPHIDES. 43

strongly shining abdomen, the segments of which, however,
aregiven by its author as " mare laeviori bus magisque nitidis."
The face of his S was black, and we may temporarily con-
sider this a good species on account of its fiavous face and
scutellar apex, though the wings are not constantly darker
and the metanotal depression doubtless varies. Its author,
whose type is in the British Museum, thought it possibly a
variety of E. macuUpemiis ; but Ashmead (Fauna Hawaiiensis,
vol. I, pt. iii, p, 336) tabulates both sexes, differentiating the
$ of the present by its fiavidous anterior orbits, a poor pedal
character and an erroneous anal one, for the pygidium is
frequently ferrugineous in Holmgren's species, than which
this is much rarer, occurring only at Hilo on Hawaii during
July and in the mountains of ]\Iolakai at 4,500 to 5,000 feet
in June.

14. Echthromorpha nigricans, Krieg.
Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berl. 1908, p. 325.
Madagascar.

15. Echthromorpha macula, Brulle.
Hist. Nat. Hym. 1846, iv, p. 89, ?.

The variety vittata, Brulle {lib. cit. 89, c? ?), is distinct in
its ferrugineous and more or less black, though never flavous-
marked, body with strongly nitidulous abdomen and apically
transaciculate metathorax ; it is very like some red-brown
forms of E. variegator — which I can differentiate only by its
fiavous scutellum and abdominal apex — but bears no traces
of any tendency towards flavous markings on scutellum or
abdominal apex, which are both uniformly red. The ?,
and possibly the o, scutellum is entirely glabrous with but
obsolete pilosity, very unlike the long pile of that species.
The c? has not before been noted : J. E. M. BroA\Ti pre-
sented one to the Edinburgh IMuseum of Science and Ai't in
1897, and another to the British Museum from Mauritius
in 1899 ; and there is also at the latter a single 2 from " He
de France," Avhence Brulle (I.e., 90) first recorded his var.
vittata of the present species, along AA'ith Pimpla macula from
" File Bourbon " ; Saussure has figured the type form
beautifully at pi. xx, fig. 2 of Grandidier's book on
Madagascar, though I know of no records thence, and
Tosquinet (Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1896, p. 308) records it
from Bourbon. It is knoAMi from no other locality, and
the record for " Promontorium bonae Spei " given by

44 ICHXEUMONIDAE.

Krieger is probably used in its widest sense. A single ? of
the type form in Rev. T. A. Marshall's collection is labelled
" Ilha do Principe, G. of Guinea " — doubtless in error.

1 6. Echthromorpha agrestoria, Swed.

Ichneumon Agrestorius, Swed. Sv. Ak. Handl. viii, 1787, p. 279
Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1790, p. 2679, 2 ; cf. Mori. Entom. 1909, p. 135 ;
E. striata, Krieger, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berl. 1908, p. 306, ?.

The excellent description of E. striata by Krieger leaves
no room for doubt that it is identical with Swederus' species,
the type of which is preserved in the Banks Collection in
the British Museum, " habitat in Insula Otaheiti." Dr.
Coppinger presented a second female, taken during August,
1880, at Tahiti (see his account in " Cruise of the ' Alert ' ;
four years in Patagonian, Polynesian, and Mascarene Waters,"
London, 1883, p. 144 ; part of the insects captured, though
no hymenoiDtera, were described in the " Report on Col-
lections made during the Voyage of H.M.S. 'Alert'" pub-
lished by the British Museum Trustees in 1884). Krieger
found four 2? thence in the Vienna Museum. It is extremely
like the Indian species, and I can separate them only by the
basally striate pronotum, the much smaller apical alar spot
and perhaps also — ^though doubtfully constant — by the
transaciculate basal half of petiole, as well as the smooth
and not at all punctate segmental apices.

17. Echthromorpha insidiator, Smith.
Pimpla insidiator. Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. vii, 1863,

p. 9, c? ?.
DiflPers from E. plagiata in its sparsely punctate and cen-
trally subglabrous face, and in the laterally dull and closely
punctate metathorax and whole ? abdomen. This is an
entirely distinct species from Ichneumon insidiator, Smith,
Trans. Ent. Soc, 1876, p. 476 — erroneous^ placed instead
of it by DT. and Schm. Gen. Insect. 1907,' p. 28— which is
a true o Ichneumon, probably of the same author's /. per-
fidiosus {I.e. p. 475, pi. iv, fig. 5), in which the hypopygium
is distinctly retracted from base of terebra. Smith records
both sexes of the present insect only from Mysol ; the type
is at Oxford {teste Poulton), and four co-types thence are in
the British Museum with other examples from Salwatty in
Celebes (Wallace), Mimika River in July and Wataikwa River
in August in New Guinea during 1911 (A. F. R. WoUaston),
Gilbert Islands in 1885 (C. M. Woodford), and a fine series
of both sexes from Kuranda, near Cairns, January, 1902,

ECHTHROMORPHIDES.

45

and Mackay in Queensland, always during May, 1894-1900.
Cameron— who sives the reference incorrectly— saw it from
Merauke in New^ Guinea (Tijds. v. Ent. 1, 1907, p. 44). It
is further known to occur on New Britain, Flores and Batcluan
Islands, to which Vollenhoven (Stett. Ent. Zeit. 1879, p. 149)
adds "Ternate, Timor, Waigeou, Gebeh, Aru und van-
Diemen's-land." Its most northern locality is, perhaps,
Indrulaman, Avhence are two ?? in the British Museum ex coll.
Bingham ; I have also seen it in the Genoa Museum from
Bhamo in Burma.

i8. Echthromorpha notulatoria. Fab.
Gniptiis notulatorius. Fab. Piez. 1804, p. 77 ; Pimpla con<m?<a, Brall6,
Nat. Hym. 1846, p. 92, $ ; Chrysopimpla ornatipes. Cam., Manch.
Mem. 1899, p. 186, pi. iii, fig. 6.
This very common and oft-described Indian species is
easily recognised by its colour— though hardly distinct from
E. insidiator, perhaps, in sculpture— from both Austro-Malay
and African species, since the former have the metathorax
immaculate fulvous and the latter the pale segmental apices
centrally interrupted by black, whereas here the metathorax
is longitudinally black centrally and the segmental apices
are entirely pale : with obsoletely punctate face. &ieger
has erected a variety, mth no anal rufescence, called by him
insulana in 1908 ; hnt this is synonymous with Cameron's
Echthromorpha laeva (Joum. Str. Br. R. Asiatic Soc. 1903,
p. 135, 3=^E. macidipes, Cam. lib. cit., 1905, p. 121, ?) ; it
is a southern form recorded by him from Sumatra, Borneo and
Batchian ; the British Museum contains the type of both
E. laeva and E. macuUpes, taken at Kucliing, a <S co-type
from Sarawak in January, 1899, a nice series of half a dozen
which include both sexes from Singapore found by H. N.
Ridley, and a <S also taken by him at Malacca on the main-
land. I do not think that Pimpla pidchrimaculata, Cam.
(Manch. Mem. xli, 1897, No. 4, p. 20, ?) belongs here, as
queried by Krieger ; its abdomen is not said to be fiavous-
banded ; but Cameron's Chrysopimpla persimilis {I.e. 1899,
p. 188) is very possibly sjmonymous. The type form is
represented bv'^a long series, taken by Col. Godwin- Austen
in the north Khasi Hills of Assam ; by Cameron's S and ?
types of his entirelv svnonymous Chrysopimpla ornatipes
(cf. Spol. Zeyl. iii, 1905, V- 135, pi. B. fig. 8) from the same
district : by examples from the East India INIuseum in 1879,
and taken 'by Capt. Laing in Oudh during October. 1867.
Col. Bingham took but two ?? of this species in Sikkim and his

46 ICHNEUMONIDAE,

only two Indian ^(S in the British Museum are unlocahsed ;
the latter differ from the typical form in lacking all trace of
apical alar intumescence, and I propose to term this form
immaculata, var. no v. Krieger's material was very scanty :
a couple of each sex from Ceylon, whence Green and Wickwar
send it to me, and from Pekon on the Loikaw River and Nam
Hou in Laos, Siam ; he says the length extends to no more
than 12.5 mm., but one of our ?? reaches fully 15 mm., and
Cameron's E. robusta (Journ. Str. Br. R. Asiatic Soc. 1905,
p. 120, $), which I do not know, measures 17 mm. Krieger
did not tabulate E. punctufn, Brulle (Hist. Nat. Hym. 1846,
87) from Tile de Manille, considering it probably a form of
the present species ; at Spolia Hym. 1906, p. 105, Schulz
says it is rejjresented in the Strasburg Museum, from
Mindanao, but adds no descriptive distinctions, though
considering it a good species.

19. Echthromorpha inermis, sp. n.

This species differs from E. hitecta only in its lack of
apophyses, though their position is still pale, in the central^
glabrous and basally distinctly pimctate metathorax, whose
pleurae are not pale-marked ; in its black frons, occiput and
ocellar region, its black mesonotum with the tegulae broadly,
and two parallel discal vittae extending nearly to the
scutellar fovea, flavous ; in the scutellar region being less
broadly pale with its basal angles not citrinous ; the abdomen
and wdngs are identical, but the antennae are shorter, not
longer than the body, with their joints but weakly nodulose
and their under side darker. Length 13 mm. S only. The
third new species of this group from New Caledonia brought
home by John Macgilli\i-ay, F.R.G.S., in 1859, and now in
the British Museum.

20. Echthromorpha variegata, Brulle.

Hist. Nat. Hym. iv, 1846, p. 91, $ ; Polyamma continuum Kriech.
Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1894, p. 304.

An abundant species throughout tropical Africa, the
eastern specimens differing from the western in the much
paler general coloration, more broadly red abdomen, and
the flavidous S mesosternum ; in all its forms it constantly
(and, I think, only) differs from E. yiotulatoria in the centrally
interrupted pale segmental apices. Of the typical and eastern
form, of which Polyamma continuum, Ea'iech. is certainly the

ECHTHROMORPHIDES. 47

(? ; Krieger knew twenty-seven specimens of both sexes from
Nyassaland, German East Africa, Delagoa Bay and Durban.
This form is represented in the British Museum by a cJ bred
from a lepidopterous chrysalis on 20th July, 1906, at Mom-
basa (A. J. Cholmley) ; three ?? from Masongaleni at 3,000
feet on 1st April, and a ? about Voi at only 800 feet on
22nd March, 1911, in British East Africa (S. A."Neave) ; four
?? from Mozambique (Rev. T. A. Marshall) and one taken
near the Chirinda Forest in Gazaland, Rhodesia, in March,
1907 (Guy Marshall) ; a $ from Salisbury in Mashonaland
during February, 1900 (id.), and three from Bloksberg near
Johannesburg in 1907 (C. H. Pead) ; further south it seems
rarer and there are but four, three of which are cJ(J, from
Durban, Natal, in both 1849 and 1860 (Gueinzius), and in
1902 (F. Muir) ; and from Tongaat during 1909 (H. C.
Burnup). The coast specimens from Mozambique and
Durban closely approach E. macnla in coloration, though the
segmental apices remain flavous. The western form must
be known as var. interrupta, Kriech. [loc. cit. p. 50), though
renamed var. occidentalis by Krieger in 1908 ; for Pimpla
interrupta, Brulle, from New Holland, cannot be confused
with an African variety. This form appears much rarer
than the eastern ; it is recorded only from Togoland, Guinea,
and tAvo ?? from Sierra Leone. From the last locality are
a pair in the British Museum, taken in 1842 b}^ Rev. D. F.
Morgan, and females in 1858 by James Foxcroft, with another
in 1893 by Captain W. G. Clements ; in 1911, W. P. Lowe
presented two large $? of 18 mm. from the Gold and Liberian
coasts ; and so long ago as 1843 three more were secured
on the Congo by Dr. Ciirror, R.N.

21. Echthromorpha diversor, sp. n.

A single <S, in the British Museum, was taken by Sir John
Liddell in the Solomon Islands or New Hebrides, and differs
so far from any described species of the present genus as to
superficially resemble Lissopimpla pacifica much more
closely in coloration, since it is of exactly the same deep
rufescent tinge with the frons, ocellar region and occiput,
antennae except underside of scape, a longitudinal central
mesonotal vitta, mesopleurae except apically, and the
metapleurae centrally at their base, with the second to
ifourth segments entirely, black ; hind tarsi infuscate ; the
abdomen and metathorax subglabrous and strongly
nitidulous ; scutellum very strongly convex.

48 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

22. Echthromorpha hyalina, Sauss.
Sauss. Grand. Hist. Madag. xx, 1892, pi. xvi, figg. 1 et la, q.
Krieger's description of both sexes leaves nothing to be
desired ; the length he gives as <? 10 mm., and ? 12.5-15 mm.
In the British Museum is a single pair of 14 mm., the ? taken
by Edward Smith at Tamatave on the middle of the east
coast and the cJ also from Madagascar acquired through
Doncaster, both received in 1881. Both these show traces of
infuscate mesonotal vittae, as figured by Saussure and cor-
rectly thought varietal by Krieger, as well as the former's
conspicuously black occiput. Only half a dozen examples
are yet known, all from Madagascar.

23. Echthromorpha rufa, Cam.
Trans. Linn. Soc. xii, 1907, p. 80, ^ ?.
Very similar to the last species, but certainly distinct in
its much duller and more closel}^ pimctate whole body, longi-
tudinally elevated and impressed metanotum, imiform fer-
rugineous colour with hardly more than the antennae except
basally, eyes and pulvilli black ; the occiput is never black.
The original pair ($ type) from the Seychelles Islands in
1906, is in the British Museum, together with a good series
taken there by Hugh Scott during 1908 on Silhouette, Mahe,
etc., for details of which see my paper on Sej^chelles Ich-
neumonidae (Trans. Linn. Soc, 1912, p. 171).

24. Echthromorpha semperi, Krieg.

Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berl. 1908, p. .329, ^ ^ ; E. palUdilineata, Cam. Proc.
Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales 1911, p. 361, ?.

I cannot understand how Cameron can have failed to
recognise Krieger's Palao Island species in his own Solomon
Island ? ; the descriptions agree and a single S, taken in the
latter locality by C. M. Woodford, and acquired by the
British Museum in 1887, agrees in every way with the former's
account ; its antennae are nearly as long as the body, fulvous
and hardly darker apically, with the joints strongly nodose
and the apical one conical ; the stigma and nervures are
paler than in the ?, with the pale abdominal margins much
less distinct.

AXOMALIDES. 4&

SUB-FMIILY OPHIONINAE.
TRIBE ANOMALIDES.

This tribe is Avorld-wide in its distribution, though as far
as our present knowledge extends very rare in Africa, Avhere
one was recorded from the Cape by Brulle, one from Algiers,
to which doubtless many European species extend, by
Schmiedeknecht and two by Tosquinet, who also brought
forward a new genus of two species, Ophionopsis (Mem. Soc.
Ent. Belg., 1903, p. 389) from east Africa. It appears dis-
tinctly uncommon in Australasia, and Turner in the course
of twenty j-ears took but a very few^ specimens in Queensland ;
the British :\Iuseum contains but some half-dozen more from
Victoria ; Brulle described a single species from " la terre de
Van-Diemen " and " la Nouvelle-Hollande " ; and two more
were recorded in the " Entomologist " for 1896. These insects
are very prevalent in the palaearctic region, ^vhere the species
though not the extent of tl^eir distribution are well knoAra.
Few of them seem to extend as far east as India, Avhence I
can instance but twenty-nine different kinds. North America
seems much richer in species, many of which are very beauti-
ful, but there is great need of these being relegated to their
correct genera, which task I have been imable to attempt on
account of the paucity of material from that region in the
British Museum. On the other hand, we have fine Mexican
collections, from which I have tried to elucidate this part of
the fauna ; and in so doing I have had to erect a few new
genera for the captures of Bates and others in the neotropics.
I consider the genus Xiphosoma and its immediate allies
better placed under the Pristome rides, but have treated of them
here, since here they have hitherto been regarded to belong.

TABLE OF GENERA.

(6) 1. Hind femora distinctly denticulate before apices.

[PBISTOMERIDES,partim.'\

(5) 2. Submarginal nervure distinct ; metathorax not transcarinate.
(4) 3. Hind wins nervures apically wanting : metanotum sulcate.

EIPHOSOMA, Cresson.

(3) 4. Hind wing nervures strong ; metanotum not sulcate.

KESANOMALOX, Mori., gen. nov.

50 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

(2) o. Submarginal nervure wanting ; jnetathorax transearinate.

XIPHOSOMELLA, Szepl.
(1) 0. Hind femora mutic, not at all denticulate below.

[ANOMALIDES].

(8) 7. Areolet subconiplete ; niesonotum entirely glabrous.

METAXOMALON, Mori., gen. nov.
(7) 8. Areolet entirely wanting ; mesonotuni sculptured.

(12) 9. Eyes distinctly pilose ; scutellum usually apically emarginate.
(11) 10. Basal flagellar joint sinuate ; nervellus entire : anal nervure

continuous with median. PODOGASTEE, Brulle.

(10) 11. Basal flagellar joint not sinuate; nervellus genicvilate ;

anal nervure not continuous. TRICHO^DIA, Wesm.

(9) 12. Eyes glabrous ; scutellum not apically emarginate.

(14) 13. Apex of clypeus broadly reflexed and bilobed.

SCHIZOLO.AIA, Wesm.

(13) li. Apex of clypeus neither reflexed nor bilobed.

(16) 15. Hind metatarsus nearly four times length of second.

HETEROPELMA, Wesm.

(15) 16. First hind tarsal joint hardly longer than double second.

(30) 17. Nervellus distinctly intercepted and geniculate,

(19) 18. First reciu-rent nervure emitted near centre of first cubital.

EXOCHILUM, Wesm.
{IS) 19. First recurrent emitted very distinctly before centre of
first cubital.

(25) 20. Second recurrent continuous with submarginal nervure.

(22) 21. Head strongly buccate ; hind tarsi spatuliform.

MAGXIBUCCA, Mori., gen. nov.
(21) 22. Head not strongly buccate ; hind tarsi normal.
(24) 23. Parallel nervure emitted above centre of brachial cell.

BARYLYPA, Forst.

(23) 24. Parallel nervure emitted at or below its centre.

ERIGORGUS, Forst.

(20) 25. Second recurrent emitted beyond submarginal nervure.

(27) 26. Analnervvue emitted below centre of the externally explanate

brachial cell. ANOMALOX, Jurine.

(26) 27. Anal nervure emitted at or above centre of the parallel-sided

brachial cell.
(29) 28. Metathorax rugose ; eyes normal ; wings hyaline.

LABRORYCHUS, Forst.

(28) 29. Metathorax glabrous ; eyes prominent : wings spotted.

SPILAXOMALOX^Morl., gen. nov.

(17) 30. Xei'vellus neither intercepted nor geniculate.

(32) 31. Xeuration of hind wings more or less complete.

AGRYPOX, Forst.

(31 ) 32. Xeuration of hind wings entirely wanting towards their apices.
(34) 33. Front wings with nem-ation complete throughout.

PARAXIA, Mori., gen. nov.

(33) 34. Front wings with all neuration wanting apicallj-.

PHARSALIA, Cresson.

AXOMALIDES. 51

EIPHOSOMA, Cr6sson.

Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. iv., 1865, p. 52 ; Xiphosoma, Marshall, Ann.
Soc. Ent. Fraiice 1892, p. 65.

This genus is related to the Pristomerides in its dentate hind
femora and to the Anomalides in its narrow stigma. Cresson
originally thought it " closely allied to Cremastus " in 1865
and keeps it there, far from Anomalon, in 1872 ; Aslimead
definitely places it in his Pristomerini in 1896, but in 1900
(Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. xxiii, p. 89) sets Eiphosoma, without
remark, in the Anomalini, possibly because the Rev. T. A.
Marshall had said in his account of the Hymenoptera of the
" Voyage de M. E. Simon au Venezuela " (Ann. Soc. Fr. 1892,
p. 65) that " Les especes de Xiphosoma ont presque la meme
physionomie que les Anomalon de I'Europe, et sont fort
difiiciles a separer " — infer se. Here also he points out the
similarity between the Greek SI and modern E, A\-hich had
led to Cresson's misprint. Even now the rectified name,
Xiphosoma, is preoccupied by Spix in Reptilia, and Szepligeti's
Tribal name, Xipliosominae must go Avith it. Though
Cameron instances three species of this genus (Biol. Centr.
Amer., 1886, p. 302), extending the distribution of one to
Guatemala, he certainly did not know it, since he described
the abimdant E. vitticolle as new. Krieger shows (Zeits.
Hym.-Dip. 1903, p. 291) that CoUyria, Brulle (Nat. Hist.
Hym., 1846, p. 177 ; nee Schiodte) is s;^Tionymous with the
present genus.

TABLE OF SPECIES.
(4) 1. Alar apices infumate ; hind femora often unicolorous.
(3) 2. Hind legs entirely flavous ; terebra one-thii-d of body.

1. atrovittatum. Cress.

(2) .3. Hind legs red and black ; terebra aliout half body.

2. azteca. Cress.
(1) 4. Wings entirely hyaline; hind femora fulvous, basally
infuscate.
(12) 5. ]Metauotum black-trivittate ; hind coxae broadly black-
marked.

(7) 6. Scutelhnn, thorax and abdomen nearly entirely black.

3. parana, sp. n.
(6) 7. Scutellum, thorax and abdomen mainly flavidous.

(9) 8. Only scape beneath flavidous ; hind femora tricoloured.

4. te.rana. Cress.

(8) 9. Two basal antennal joints flavous ; hind femora bieoloured.
(11) 10. 3Iesonotum densely and finely punctate hind tibiae pale

banded. 5. annulatum. Cress.

E 2

52 ICHNEUMOIS'IDAE.

(10) 11. Mesonotum sparsely and coarsely pmictate ; hmcl tibiae

black. 6. jjyralidis, Ashm.

(5) 12. Metanotum black -vmivittate ; hind coxae usvially vinicolorous

flavous.
(16) 13. Areolet entire; metathorax centrally black tliroughout.
(15) 14. Central mesonotal lobe, like the lateral, sparsely punctate;

length, 19 mm. 7. mexicana. Cress.

(14) 15. Central mesonotal lobe closely punctate, the lateral glabrous ;

length, 15 mm. 8. vitticolh. Cress.

(13) 16. Areolet wantuag ; metathorax but shortly black.

vitticolle, var. nigrovittatum. Cress.

I. Eiphosoma atrovittatum, Cress.
Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 1865, p. 52, ?.
" Yellow ; posterior legs and abdomen dull honey-yellow ;
three lines on mesothorax, three on metathorax and an oblique
one on pleurae, black ; wings hyaline, tips fuscous, areolet
minute, oblique and petiolated " ; length, 7 lines. Two
Cuban ?? in coll. Ent. Soc. Philad. were thus diagnosed by
their author, who instances a small and much paler varietj-
wath lateral metathoracic black lines not interrupted.

2, Eiphosoma azteca, Cress.

Proc. Acad. Philad. 1873, p. 381, $ ?.
" Grenerally larger than atrovittata, which it resembles in
the ornamentation of the anterior wings, but differs greatly
in the color of posterior legs . ' ' Fla vidous with black markings ,
including three mesonotal vittae, basal metathoracic transulcus
and a line down its broad and somewhat deep median sulcus ;
hind femora unicolorous ferrugineous or with base and apex
black, or in S discally black throughout ; tibiae and tarsi
nearly entirely black ; wings hyaline, ^\ith their apices sub-
infumate ; length, 6-7i lines. Orizaba and Cordova, in
Mexico. The British Museum possesses some dozen repre-
sentatives of both sexes, found at Atoyac in Vera Cruz during
May and at Teapa in Tabasca during February by H. H.
Smith ; in British Guiana in 1908 by J. Rodway ; together
with the 2 from San Esteban in March, 1888, referred to by
Marshall (Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1892, p. 65), who records
it also from near San Fernando, in Trinidad. Its distribution
is, however, much broader than hitherto supposed, for two
identical females Avere captured by Bates at Santarem on the
Amazon and another a hundred miles off at Atta de Chia, on
the Tapazos. A further ?, also taken by Bates somewhere

AXOMALIDES.

53

on the Amazon in Brazil, diffei-s from the type form exactly
as E. nigroviitatum differs from E. vitticoUe, in its total black
of the areolet (var. nulla).

3. Eiphosoma parana, sp. n.

A very distinct species in its peculiarly dark coloration,
the entire disc of the head, thorax except the red scutellar
Apex, and abdomen except the stramineous petiole, being
black ; as also are the entii-e hind \6gs, including calcaria,
except the pale stramineous trochanterellus and femoral
apices ; the anterior legs are flavous ; the thorax and abdomen
both laterally broadly red ; mesonotum sparsely and coarsely,
scutellum closely and more finely, punctate ; metanotal sulcus
deeply impressed ; terebra nearl}' half length of abdomen ;
areolet entire and not small. The typical female, and one
other exactly like it but with no trace of areolet (var. nulla),
were taken at Para on the Amazon in Brazil by Wallace and
Bates, and acquired by the British Museum in 1848-9.

4. Eiphosoma texana, Cress.
Trans. American Ent. Soc. 1872, p. 176, 2.

Black with numerous pale stramineous markings, including
two mesonotal and four metanotal vittae ; wings hyaline,
areolet minute and petiolate ; anterior legs whitish ; hind
femora white at both extremities, then black and centrally
rufescent ; their tibiae black with extreme base and a central
"band and calcaria white ; length, ^ inch. The type of this
" very distinct species " was from Comal Co., Texas. Two
males and three females in the British Museum Avere found
by H. H. Smith in October at an altitude of 4,600 feet at
€hilpancingo, and in both August and September at 6,000
feet at Amula in Guerrero ; by Gaumer at Temex in north
Yucatan ; and by Schuman in July at San Bias in Jalisco.
These Mexican males differ only*^ sexually from Cresson's
description and the females not at all, though the metathorax
is occasionally only apically pale. Rev. T. A. Marshall took
a specimen of the former sex in Trinidad ; and E. E. Austen
one of the latter on 12th March. 1896, as far south as [Mosqueira
on the Lower Amazon in Brazil.

5. Eiphosoma annulatum, (.'ress.
Proc. Ent.,Soc. Philad. 1865, p. 54, 0 ^,
A tiavous species with various black markings, including

54 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

" spot on posterior coxae, their trochanters, base of their
(fulvous) femora, and their tibiae and tarsi . . . wings hyahne ;
areolet minute, j^etiolated ; " length, 5 lines. Three examples
of this Cuban species, said by Poey to be " parasitic upon a
larva of Pyralis," were in coll. Ent, Soc. Philad. It appears-
confined to the West Indies and is not (I think) found on the
mainland at all. H. H. Smith took a score of specimens, of
wiiich eight were correctly named by Ashmead (Trans. Ent.
Soc, 1900, p. 271), on the Leeward side of the Mount Gay
estate on Grenada ; but most seem to have occurred with
one so labelled in " Eitz-Hugh Valley, St. Vincent, 500 feet,
in Cacao orchard, Sept. 30th," whence it is said (Journ. Linn.
Soc. Zool. XXV, 1894, p. 58) to have been already recorded.

6. Eiphosoma pyralidis, Aslim.
Trans. American Ent. Soc. 1896, p. 191, ^.

Black with numerous flavidous markings, including two
central oval spots on front of mesonotum and " apex of
metathorax connected mth lateral lines not extending to the
meta-scutellum " ; hind femora red Avith their base and apex,
and tibiae excejot centrally, black ; wings hyaline, areolet
subtriangular and petiolate ; length, 12 mm. A single male
from Kiikwood, Mo., labelled " Parasite on Pijralid {?) on
Solidago, June 12, 1885." A female in the British Museum,
found by Fruhstorfer at Theresopolis on 29th October, 1887,
agrees perfectly with Ashmead's description of the male and
has the terebr'a exserted 8 mm., to the insect's total length
of 16 mm.

7. Eiphosoma mexicana, Cress.

Proc. Acad. Philad. 1873, p. 380, ? ; CoUyria nigrolineata, Brulle,.
Nat. Hist. Hym. 1846, p. 178, ?.
" This is larger than vitticollis, which it resembles by the
wings being clear at tips ; the body is more robust and the
posterior femora differently coloured." Elavidous with black
markings, including three broad mesonotal vittae, basal
margin of the sparsely punctate metathorax and its deep,
glabrous central sulcus ; hind femora ferrugineous with their
base, internally more broadly, black and the extreme apex
white ; AWngs hyaline ; length, 9|-10 lines. Cordova in
Mexico. But the"^ hind femoral coloration is too variable to
be reliable and I consider the mesonotal puncturation a better
character. Cameron, whose figure (pi. xii, fig. 31) represents
the CD more or less accurately, thought it not an uncommon

ANOMALIDES. 55

Species and extends its distribution (Biol. Cent. Amer. 188G,
p. 302) to San Geroninio in Guatemala, where G. C. Champion
took the male. Later, Smith found females at Tej^etlapa at
3,000 feet in Guerrero during October, at Atoyac in Vera Cruz
in Maj^ at Teapa in Tabasco in February and Gaumer at
Temax in northern Yucatan. A very fine pair, extending
to 22 mm., were secured near the mouth of the volcano of
Orizaba in 1856 b}^ M. Salle, and are with the above in the
British Museum. For the synonymy here of Brulle's species
from Guyana, cf. Krieger in Zeits. Hym.-Dipt., 1903, p. 293,

8. Eiphosoma vitticolle, Cress.
Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. ISiio, p. 53, cT ?: Anomalon quadrilineatum^
Cam. Biol. Centr, Amer. 1886, p. 301, ?.

" YelloAv ; antennae, three lines on mesothorax, a central
one on metathorax, base and apex of posterior tibiae and their
tarsi black, their femora fulvous ; abdomen slightly tinged
vdth. fulvous, the narrow dorsal surface blackish ; Avdngs
hyaline, areolet minute, oblique, petiolated . . . Readily
distinguished fron the preceding species (X, atrovittatum) by
the metathorax having only a central black line, and by the
different color of the hind legs ; " length, 7 lines. Three Cuban
examples in coll. Ent. Soc. Philad. ; and at Proc. Acad. Philad.
1873, p. 381, its author further records it from Orizaba and
Cordova in Mexico. The type of Cameron's very badly des-
cribed Anomalon quadrilineatum, in the British Museum, is a
typical female of the present species. This is by far the most
abundant species of the genus and the British Museum has a
verj^ long series from Tierra Colorado at 2,000 feet in October;
Rincon at 2,800 feet in October ; Acaguizotla at 3,500 feet in
October ; Amula at 6,000 feet in August ; Chilpancingo at
4,600 feet in August ; Dos Arroyos at 1,000 feet in September ;
Atoyac in Vera Cruz during April and May ; Teapa in Tabasco
during January, February and March (all taken by H. H. Smith) ;
Temax in north Yucatan (Gaumer) ; San Lorenzo in Cordova
(M. Trujillo) ; and San Geronimo in Guatemala (Champion).
Elsewhere its distribution is uncertain ; a female in Marshall's
collection is from Trinidad, and another was captured by Dr.
Durham as far south as Para in Brazil about 1904. Kriech-
baumer also received a number of specimens of this genus
from South Brazil (Zeits. Hym.-Dipt. 1902, p. 361).

Var. nigrovittatum, Cress. Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 1865,
p. 55, ?. — This Avas originally supposed to differ from all the
other species of its genus in its utter lack of alar areolet,
since it was described from a single Cuban female \\\i\\ none ;

56 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

but no doubt can remain from the evidence afforded by other
species that this is not a good character in the present genus,
especially since I have seen examples, undoubtedly referable
to E. vitticolle, with distinct areolet in one wing and no trace
■of it in the other of the same individual. Half the fourteen
specimens of the present form, in the British Museum, were
taken at Atoyac in Vera Cruz during May by H. H. Smith ;
and others are from Teapa in Tabasco during February and
March {id.) and Temax in North Yucatan (Gaumer).

The whole conformation of the following species is so
similar to that of Eiphosoma that no doubt respecting its
position can be entertained ; yet it differs too materially in
the strong nervures of the hind wings ^^'hich extend to their
apices, in the exactly opposite and very strong nervellus,
a-pically acute cubital cell, narrow and cylindrical thorax
with no metanotal areae nor sulcus, in the shorter legs and
abdominal segments, and in having the terebra strongly
elongate, to be contained therein.

Like Xiphosomella, it is a form intermediate between the
Anomalides and Pristomerides, A\'ith the stigma somewhat
narrow. The only Pristomerid recorded from this region
in Robert E. Bro^\Ti's " Catalogue of Philippine Hymenoptera,
with Descriptions of New Species," is a very different insect,
Pristomerus flavus, Ashmead (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxviii,
1905, p. 145, 3), which was found in the garden of the
Manila Observatory.

I. Nesanomalon dimidiatum, sp. n.

A slender species Avith the head, thorax and anterior legs
dull fulvous, the abdomen with hind legs and the antennae
black ; wings strongly infumate but not nigrescent, with
their base distinctly paler. Head not strongly constricted
behind the prominent and not internally emarginate eyes ;
face and the convex, discreted clypeus distinctly and not
closely jounctate. Antennae filiform and pilose, extending to
apex of second segment, with their extreme apices and the
imderside of scape rufescent. Thorax cjdindrical and not
broader than the head ; mesonotum sparsely and ol^soletely
punctate, with notauli distinct but superficial ; metathorax
simple and nearly smooth, with an apical lateral carina only.
Scutellum small and simple. Abdomen black, nitidulous and
strongly compressed ^dth the basal third of the first segment,

ANOMALIDES.

57

and the anus, nearly white ; petiolar spiracles subcentral ;
terebra exactlv as long as the body, with its spicula apically
bisinuate and' valvulae pilose. Legs not elongate, some-
what stout ; hind tibiae basally curved, their femoral tooth
neither small nor succeeded by denticulae ; intermediate
calcaria of unequal length. AVings ample and strongly
infumate, with their base pale fulvescent ; the strong nervures
and normal-sized stigma black ; basal nervure continuous
through the median ; parallel nervure emitted from centre
of brachial cell ; areolet wanting ; the second recurrent
emitted as far from basal cubital nervure as the latter is
from the radial; all ner^alres of the hind wings strong;
nervellus opposite and intercepted exactly at its centre.
Length 13 mm.

A' single female, captured on 10th May at Irisan m the
Benquet Province of Luzon in the Philippine Islands, was
presented to the British Museum in 1906, by R. C. McGregor.

XIPHOSOMELLA, Szepligeti.

Gen. Insect. Hym. 1905, p. 4.
An extremely distinct genus in lacking the submarginal,
or intercubital, ner\^re and the transbicarinate metathorax ;
uniting the Pristomcridcs with their broad stigma to
Xiphosoma with its narrow one— possessing the stigma of
normal size and the hind femora dentate. One species, a
representative of which has been in the British :Museum for
exactly fifty years, was described in 1905, and I here bring
forward a second.

TABLE OF SPECIES.
(2) 1. Hind femoral tooth strong; wings apically infumate; scape
not pale. 1- hrasiliensis, Szepl.

(1) 2. Hind femoral tooth weak; wmgs hyaline; scape entirely
pg^lg 2. tahascensis, sp, n.

I. Xiphosotnella hrasiliensis, Szepl.
Gen. Insect. 1905, p. 4, ?.
This beautiful species is extremely conspicuous in its
bright red thorax, black abdomen, deeply and truncately
infumate alar apices and lacking submarginal nervure : the
stigma is much broader than in any Xiphosoma and the
clearly delineated metanotal areae with strong costulae
resemble that genus in no way. It should probably be
transposed to the Pristomerides. Szepligeti knew a (? single)

58 ICHXEUMO>;iDAE.

female of 14 mm., with the terebra one third the length of
body, from the Coary tributary of the Amazon in Brazil ;
and in the British Museum I have discovered a single male
of 10 mm., differing only in sexual respects. This is simply
labelled " Brazil," where it was captured on the Amazon,
and subsequently purchased from Mr. Stevens, among other
Hymenoptera from the private collection of H. W. Bates,

2. Xiphosomella tabascensis, sj). n.

A small red female of 9 mm., very slender and entirely
rufescent with only the head except mouth, eyes, flagellum,
abdominal disc, terebra and the hind tarsi, black. The
structure of the meso- and meta-thorax, as well as of all the
nervures, is as in the last species ; but the wings are smaller
and entirely hyaline with somcAvhat narrower stigma ; the
head, also, is smaller, with the ej^es closer to each other and
the mandibles flaA^dous ; the hind femoral tooth is extremely
small ; the legs are more slender, and the hind ones have
only the tarsi black ; the abdomen is linear and discally black
from base of second segment, and the terebra extends almost
to the base of that segment. The type, in the British Museum,
was captured together with two other similar females,
at Teapa in Tabasco, during March, by H. H. Smith and
presented by Messrs. Godman and Salvin, in 1904.

METANOMALON, gen. nov. - *•

Eyes glabrous, strongly approximating apically and not
internally emarginate ; face constricted to the discreted and
tuberculiform clypeus ; frons trans- sulcate above the scrobes,.
Avith neither carina nor horo. Antennae very slender and
filiform, with the elongate flagellar joints cylindrical ; scajie
pale, short and obliquely truncate. Thorax subpubescent ;
mesonotum entirely glabrous and very strongly nitidulous,,
with its central lobe elevated ; notauli very deeply impressed
and strongly crenulate ; metathorax shining, sparsely sculp-
tured, with distinct areae and its apex not produced ;
spiracles circular. Scutellum entirety glabrous and laterally
margined to near its apex. Postpetiole not or hardly thicker
than petiole ; second segment centrally impressed, linear
and double length of the third. Hind tarsi hardlj^ at all
explanate, calcaria longer than apical width of tibiae. Areolet
sessile and subcomplete, its outer nervure Aveak and, in its
loAver half, obsolete but A\ith the external cubital dis-
tinctlj^ refiexed beyond the second recurrent ner\Tire ; stigma

d.

A.NOMALIDES. 59

distinct, thougli narrow ; second recurrent emitted far beyond
first submarginal nervure ; anal emitted from but slightly
above centre of first recurrent, vrhicli is distinctly before
centre of first cubital cell ; basal nervure continuous ;
nervellus strong, straight and not intercepted ; neuration of
hind AA-ings strong to apex. This genus is by no means
typically Anomalid, and is here placed for lack of a more
natural position ; the areolet, glabrous mesonotum and
scutellum, as well as the general paucity of sculpture, are
entirelv distinct.

I. Metanomalon poliendum, sp. n.

A black species Avith the mouth, scape, tegulae and front
coxae, stramineous ; metathorax entirely, mesopleurae and
their sternum, anterior legs, hind coxae and their trochanters,
basal half of first segment, Avith base of the third and fourth^
and venter broadly, pale testaceous ; hind legs infuscate
and more or less rufescent-marked. Metanotum subniti-
dulous and glabrous, Avith A'ery sparse and fine puncturation,
and complete though indistinct areae ; basal area cordiform
and tAA'ice longer than broad, areola subparallel-sided and
also tAA'ice longer than broad, Avith the strong costulae emitted
near its base ; petiolar area finely reticulate and very dis-
tinctly discreted ; length, 8 mm. (J only. The type, in my
OAvn collection, is from Kandy in Cej-lon and Avas found by
Mr. E. E. Green during June, 1907. ^

PODOGASTER, Brulle.

Hist. Kat. Ins. Hym. iv, 184G, 179.

The typical species of this misunderstood genus does not
appear to haA^e been mentioned in literature since first erected,
but the original description and figure need but little emenda-
tion. In 1900, Ashmead placed this genus in the Campoplegini
next after Hyposoter, Forst., and here it Avas left by Dalla
Torre the folloAving year ; but Szepligeti has \^ery correctly
transposed it to the Anomalidcs in 1905, though he e\4dent]y
kneAA^ little but Brulle's account of it ; for it is incorrect to say
" Randmal fehlt " since, though narroAV, it is distinct and in
the Mexican species almost conspicuous. The genus is, in
reality, very closely allied to Trichomma in its strongly pilose
eyes and emarginate $ scutellum, though it is at once knoAA-n
by the subcontinuous anal nerA^ure (excepting one species),
the elongate antennae AA'ith their distinctly sinuate basal

GO ICHNEUMONIDAE.

iiagellar joint, and entire nervellus, but " surtout a son meta-
thorax globuleux, pourvu en arriere d'une pedicule allonge,
sur lequel vient se fixer le premier segment de I'abdomen/' as
in Trichomma producta. I may add that, though the eyes are
obviously hirsute in Brulle's species, this character is less
distinct in the others here placed and those of the African
representatives appear nearly or quite glabrous. I do not
know Provancher's Canadian Podogaster sulcatus (Add. Faun.
Canad. 1886. p. 90), nor his P. radiolatus (Nat. Canad. 1875,
p. 329).

TABLE OF SPECIES.
^8) 1. Parallel nervure continuous with median, or nearly so.
(5) 2. Hind wing nervures apically wanting ; alar apices infumate ;

anterior tibiae not white,
(•i) 3. Head transverse ; parallel nervure not continuous.

1. coarctatus, Brulle.

(3) 4. Head buccate ; parallel nerviu'e continuous with median.

2. spilopterus, sp. n.

(2) 5. Hind wing nervures strong to apex; wings sub hyaline ;
anterior tibiae wliite.

(7) 6. iletathorax reticulate ; face mainly black ; anus black.

3. alhiditarsus, sp. n.

{6) 7. Metathorax trans-atrigose ; face white ; anus pale.

4. ruficaudatus , sp. n.

,( 1 ) 8. Parallel nervure hy no means continuous with median.

5. africanus, sp. n.

I Podogaster coarctatus, Brulle.

Hist. Nat. Hym. iv, 1846, 179, pi. xHi, figg. 6 et 6a, $ ; p. striatiis.
Cam., Proc. Manch. Soc. xxvi, 1887, p. 131, ?.

Its author seems to have knoAvn but a single female, '' Hab.
la Guyane," probably from Cayenne. There is no subsequent
record ; and I know but a single pair, fovmd by H. V\\ Bates
in Brazil, " on the Amazon ; " the ? is entirely typical, though
the metathorax has only a supracoxal spot and the cauda is
flavous. The S is extremely similar, though differing in the
imexpected features of antermae no longer than body, apical
alar infumescence (applicable to front Avings only) a little less
determinate, the cubital ner\Tire more curved, the inter-
mediate femora nigrescent, the metathoracic apex immaculate
and less produced, the scutellum black and — unlike the flavous
and strongly bipartite ? — deplanate and scabrous. In both
sexes the hind tibiae are distinctly intumescent internally
before their base. A female specimen in the British Museum,
which appears to be the type of Cameron's P. striatus is

A>;OMALIDES. 61

nothing but the present species with the metathorax more
tvpically coloured than in the Batesian examples ; P. striatus —
"-Hab. Amazons, Prof. J. W. H. Trail."

2. Podogaster spilopterus, sp. n.

A black species with the abdomen centrally, legs mainly,
and the $ face mth pro- and meso -thorax excej)t mesosternum,
red ; wings hj-aline with the aj)ices of front ones determinately
infumate. It differs from all the American species in its
longitudinally sculptured mesonotum, shorter and stouter
flagellvim, the much less produced metathorax, as well as in
the shorter terebra, the facial elongate griseous pilosity, and
anal and cubital nervures exactly continuous -udth the median
and first recurrent respectively ; the metathorax is reticulate
and centrally neither carinate nor sulcate, and the head is
laterally parallel behind the eyes. Length, o?, 14 mm. It
is strongly allied to the American species in its curved basal
flagellar joint. Both sexes were captured hy Guy Marshall
at Salisbury in Mashonaland during Januarj^ and March, 1906,
and are in the British Museum.

3. Podogaster albiditarsus, sp. n.

Very like P. coarctatus, but a little larger with the alar
apices hardly at all infumate, the metathoracic cauda longer
and pleurae convex, the anterior femora and all the less
basally black, the juxta-antennal orbits more broadlj^ below
and the mandibles pure white, as also are the front and middle
tarsi except apically and their tibiae, \^dth the apical two-
thirds or two -fourths of the hind metatarsus and whole of their
second to fourth joints ; the abdomen is immaculate black
and the wings narrower with the brachial cell (below cubital
nervure) very much narrower, and the nervures of the hind
wings strong to their apices. In the British Museum are
three 06* of this species, taken by Bates and labelled
respectively " Brazil," " Para " and " Ega."

4. Podogaster ruficaudatus, sp. n.

Certainly not the other sex of the last species, though
similar in the white anterior tibiae and tarsi, for the front
femora are also concolorous below and the face Avith mouth
entirely so ; it further differs in its shorter antennae, trans-
strigose and not reticulate metathorax which shows traces of

62 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

a triangular basal area, in a white and . circular vertical dot
and a dully concolorous basal streak beneath the hind meta-
tarsi ; the Avings are somewhat distinctly flavescent A^ith their
lower basal nervure more strongly postfurcal and the abdomen
black with its venter and Avhole anus, including spicula and
valvulae, bright fulvous. Two females in the British ]\Iuseum
taken by Smith during July at Omilteme in Guerrero, Mexico,
at an altitude of 8,000 feet.

5. Podogaster africanus, sp. 11.

A dull black species with only the face except centrally,
clypeus except apically and mandibles, pale flavous ; antennae
nearly as long as body and, except basally, fulvous ; legs,
thorax and abdomen immaculate ; wings uniformlj' slightly
infumate, with ner\Tires of the hind ones strong to their apices ;
the scutellum and metathorax rugose, A\ith spiracles prominent
and oval ; length, 16 mm. ; ^ only. This species cannot be
considered a typical Podogaster on account of its different
neuration and lack of hind tibial intumescence ; but the
distinctions are so slight as hardly to necessitate the erection
of a new genus for its reception. The typical male was taken
by S. A. Neave on the eastern slopes of the Aberdare Mountains
in British East Africa in February, 1911, at an altitude of
some 8,000 feet, and is in the British Museum.

TRICHOMMA, Wesmael.
Bull. Ac. Belg. XVI, 18-49, p. 119.
Ashmead in 1900 revived the name Theridium, Curt., for
this genus, since it was so termed by Forster (Verh. pr. Rheinl.
XXV, p. 145) in 1868, though he did not know the reference.
The latter's application is, however, entirely arbitrary and
incorrect. The name Therion was published, with no descrip-
tion, by Curtis in his Guide of 1829, col. 101 (1837, col. 112)
and is adopted IN PLACE OF Anomalon, Grav., in his Brit.
Ent., pi. et fol. 736 (April, 1839), as he there explains :
'' Having published the genus Anomalon before Gravenhorst's
work appeared, it may appear necessary to give my reasons
for rejecting some of his names in the Guide. First PASSU S
of Fabricius is Gravenhorst's third family Cryptus. seductorius
being the type given in the Piezatorum ; secondly, Jurine's first
family of ANOMALON, which of course is his type, Graven-
horst has called Passus ; thirdly Jurine's second family of
Anomalon I have called THERION, because it is not"^ the
tyipicsil Anomalo7i." The type of his genus Therionis IcJinenmon

ANOMALIDES. 63

a»iiC^i(6',.rab.(S.E.34:l),but he also catalogues, without descrip-
tion, species now referred to four or five different genera of
Anomalides ; and the only new species he brings forward was
thought by Bridg.-Fitch in 1884 to be a variety of a
Gravenhorstian species of Anomalon. If Therion can be
adopted at all it must be Schizoloma, and not Trichomma,
which falls.

The present genus comprises but few species, though these
are widely distributed ; Krieger in his monograph " Ueber
die Ichneumonidgattung Trichomtna Wesm." (Zeits. Hym.-
Dip. 1904, pp. 162-172) recognises but five species. Those
not treated of in the following table are Trichomma davipes,
p. 166, from New Guinea and T. intermedia, p. 168, which,
occurs only in July at different localities in Saxony (Krieger
Zeits. Hym.-Dip. iv.); Trichomma carini scutum and T. hrevi-
penne, Cam. (Ann. South African Museum, v, p. 88), from
Cape Colony.

TABLE OF SPECIES.

(10) 1. Eiu'opean species.

(9) 2. Face entirely punctate throughout ; terebra black.

(4) 3. Body peculiarly slender ; wings distinctly short

1. ruficoxis, Forst.
(3) 4. Body and wings of normal proportions.

(6) 5. Scutellum pale-marked ; clypeus apically romided.

2. occisor, Haberm.

(5) (5. Scutelluna often immaculate ; clypeus apically dentate.

(S) 7. Clypeal tooth small ; scutellum subsulcate ; pleurae striate.

3. enecator, Rossi.

(7) 8. Clj-peal tooth strong; scutellum bicarinate ; plem-ae punc-

tate. 4. jiilvidens, Wesm.

(2) 9. Face smooth ; terebra basally red ; clypeus romided.

5. minuta, Bridg.
(1) 10. Extra-European species. African species.

6. albicoxa, sp. n.

(12) 11. American species ; thorax mainly rufescent.

7. reticulata Davi^.

(11) 12. Indian species ; thorax not or obsoletely red-marked.
(14) 13. Metathorax hardly produced ; scutellum convex, flavous.

8. nigricans.. Cam

(13) 14. Metathorax elongately produced ; scutellum fiat, black.

9. prodiwior, sp. n.

I. Trichomma ruficoxis, Forst.

Verb. pr. Rhcinl. 18(30, p. 149, ?.
This species is described {I.e.) as black, antennae infuscate

64 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

with the imderside of scape, face, orbits, disc of pro pleurae
and sciitellum, flavous ; legs rufescent-testaceous with the
hind trochanters, femoral base and tibial apices nigrescent ;
wings short and hyaline ; abdomen red with the second seg-
ment and also disc and sides of the following more or less black,
terebra elongate ; length, 9 mm. One specimen found in the
vicinity of Aix. This name were, perhaps, better sunk (as is
done by Krieger, Zeits. Hym.-Dip., 1904, p. 164) as a s^iionym
of T. enecator ; the distinctions are not defined and Forster
is a notorious species -splitter.

2. Trichomma occisor, Habermehl.

Deut. Ent. Zeit. iv, 1909, p. 5GS, ?.

Described from five ?? captured by its author in Germany
about Worms, in May and June, 1891-1900.

3. Trichomma enecator, Rossi.

Fauna Etrusca, 1790, 48.

This is the common European species, so often raised from
Tortricid moths, and at once kno^^ai by the size and subradical
striae. Many Continental examples in the British Museum
are from Germany : Ruthe bred it on 2nd August from a
willow-feeding Tortrix larva, which he had found between the
leaves during the preceding September ; and Switzerland,
where Bucheker took it at Ziirich, Neuhof, &c., on Populus
tremula.

4. Trichomma fulvidens, Wesm.

Bull. Ac. Brux. 1849, tj. 138 ; T. bituhercidatum, Schmied. Zeits.
Hyiii.-Dip. 1902, p. 365, cJ-

One of the rarest of all palaearctic Anomalides ; found only
in Belgium.. France and Germany (Saxony and Thiiringia),
where it evinces some predilection for blackberry bushes from
the end of March to May, since Krieger took three females
at Leipzig between 22nd'^ and 30th May, both sexes on 17th
April, 1898, and one male so early as 17th April, 1900. The
single British female is in the British Museum, and was
recorded by T. Desvignes in his Catalogue of 1856, p. 104.
There, too, is a single Continental pair of 18 mm., of which
the male was caught by Ruthe on 2nd May, 1849, and the ?
bred from some Tor/rhr-pupa in Germany.

ANOMALIDES. 65

5. Trichomma minuta, Bridg.

Anomalon minutum, Bridg., Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 425 ; c/. Entom.
1884, p. 224 ; Trichomma minutum, Schm., Opusc. Ichn., p. 1463.

Little can be determined respecting the correct position of
this species, of but 5 mm., till the type in the Norwich Castle
Museum be re-examined ; Krieger in 1904 thought it probably
correctly assigned to the present genus.

6. Trichomma albicoxa, sp. n.

A small and very distinct black species, with the abdomen
and hind femora broadly red in their centre ; the face except
in ? centrally, mouth and whole orbits, pro thorax, anterior
trochanters, and all the coxae except in ? base of the hind
ones, stramineous ; the remainder of the anterior legs, and
the ? scutellum flavous ; antennae filiform, about half length
of the body and entirely black ; wings hyaline and somewhat
small ; terebra straight, slender and fully half length of
abdomen ; length, 8-9 mm. In the British Museum is a pair,
from Dr. Sharp's collection, taken by F. Muir at Durban in
1902, of which the female has the stigma conspicuous and
the parallel nervure emitted but slightly above centre of
brachial cell, while in the male it is exactly continuous with
the median nervure and the stigma is sublinear ; they are so
analogous in all else but the scutellar colour, that I have no
hesitation in regarding them as representing but the sexes of
one species.

7. Trichomma reticulata, Davis.

Trans. American Ent. Soc. 1897, p. 361, ?.
A remarkable insect, with the thorax mainly red and terebra
half length of the body. A single female, taken in a swamp
during July, came from the Michigan Agricultural College.
It is detailed by Krieger (Zeits. Hym.-Dip. 1904, p. 171).

8. Trichomma nigricans, Cam.
Spolia Zeylanica 1905, p. 130, $.
I have seen both sexes of this fine species, which varies
from 10-17 mm. (usually 15-16 mm.), and is most closely
related to T. enecator, though nearly always much larger
and black, Avith nitidulous and flavous scutellum and orbits.
It is found in Ceylon from June to August with some fre-
quency, and has been bred from a Tineid moth. Its range
extends to the Khasi Hills of Assam, and to Dehra Dun in

66 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

the western Himalayas. Krieger in 1904 thought that
Anomalon decorum, Cam., also probably belonged to the present
genus.

9. Trichomma productor, sp. n.

A linear, black species with the face, orbits and hind
tarsi alone flavous; legs and abdomen nearly entirely red;
scutellum strongly deplanate and black ; metanotum elon-
gately produced above the petiole ; length 14-15 mm. 9
unknown. At once recognised from T. 7iigricans by the
elongately produced metathorax and deplanate, black
scutellum. It is described form a couple of males, taken
at Mussoorie in the north-west provinces during October,
1906, at 7,000 feet ; and is also represented thence in the
Calcutta Museum.

SCHIZOLOMA, Wesm.

Bui. Ac. Brux. 1849, p. 118.
Known by the reflexed and bilobed clypeus and the
emission of the first recurrent nervure from centre of the
discocubital cell.

TABLE OF SPECIES.

(4) 1. Wings very strongly infumate (New World).

(3) 2. NotauU entirely wanting; scutellum black. 1. conftisa, Ashm.

(2) 3. Notauli strongly impressed; scutellum flavous.

2. regalis, sp. n.

(1) 4. Wings hyaline or, at most, fulvescent (Old World).

(6) 5. Vertical orbits immaculate ; internal cubital emitted lower.

3. amicta. Fab.

(5) 6. Vertical orbits flavous : internal cubital emitted higher from

submarginal.
(8) 7. Metanotal carinae radiating from its centre; ^ head buccate.

4. capitata, Desv.

(7) 8. Metanotal carinae forming areae ; ^ head normal.

5. fulvicornis, Cam.

I. Schizoloma confusa, Ashm.

Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1889, p. 426, ?.

A black species with concolorous wings and only the

antennae, except basally, head and legs partly fulvidous-

flavous ; hind tibiae not flavous-marked and abdomen

basally red ; notauli wanting ; length 27 mm. This female

ANOMALIDES. 67

from southern Carolina resembles Exochilum morio and
Heteropel-ma flavicorne in its strikingly dark wings, with
flavidous antennae and tarsi.

2. Schizoloma regalis, sp. n.

Very closely allied to the above, of which I should have
considered it the other sex were it not that the notauli
(Ash mead's " parapsidal furrows ") are strongly and deeply
impressed ; otherwise it appears to differ only in the bright
flavous scutellum, of which the " posterior portion " is not
strongly elevated. I had some hesitation in placing the
present species on accormt of the clypeal structure, which
is apically acutely unidentate, but the tooth is distinctly
reflexed and the labrum, as in Ashmead's female, is pro-
minent. The typical male in the British Museum is from
the Godman-Salvin Collection and was captured at an altitude
of 6,000 feet by H. H. Smith during September at Amula in
Guerrero, Mexico.

3. Schizoloma amicta, Fab.

Syst. Ent. 1775, 341, ?.
Originally described from Britain, as shown by the type
which is still in the British Museum (cf. my remarks.
Entomologist 1909, p. 137). It seems commoner with us
than upon the Continent, though its range extends as far
east as India, whence are examples in the Oxford Museum,

4. Schizoloma capitata, Desv,

Cat. Ichn. Brit. Mus. 1856, 104, ^ ; S. bucephalum, Brauns, Arch. Nat.
Meckl. 1898, p. 71.

Very much rarer with us than the last species, but widely
distributed and in Germany commoner than 8. amicta. Brauns
redescribed the s under the name 8. huce'phalum, synonjanised
by Schmiedeknecht (Opusc. Ichn. 1463). The female is still
considered everywhere rare, though doubtless mixed with
the last.

5. Schizoloma fulvicornis, Cam.

Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 104, ^ ?.
Described from the Khasi Hills of Assam ; and I have seen
another female, taken by Maxwell Lefroy at Mussoorie in
the United Provinces at an altitude of 7,500 feet during
August, 1906.

(4)

1.

(3)

2.

(2)

3.

(1)

4.

(6)

5.

(5)

6.

(10)

7.

(9)

8.

68 ICHNEUMONIDAE,

HETEROPELMA, Wesm.

Bull. Ac. Brux. 1849, p. 119.
The neuration is exactly as in the last genus ; but the hind
tarsal structure distinguishes it from all other Anomalid
genera.

TABLE OF SPECIES.
Wings strongly infumate throughout.

Body and legs black ; antennae flavous. 1. fidvicorne. Say.
Body and legs ferrugineous, with antennae darker.

2. datanae, Riley.

Wings hyaline, or at most flavescent.

Antennae not longer than head and thorax ; second recurrent
continuous ; body short and stout. 3. sonorensis, Cam.

Antennae elongate ; recurrent not continuous with sub-
marginal ; body slender.

Frons scabrous ; hind coxae and abdominal base red.

Scutellum entirely, and external orbits mainly, black.

4. calcator, Wesm.

(8) 9. Scutellum, and external orbits very broadly, flavous.

5. orhitalis, sp. n.

(7) 10. Frons reticiilate ; hind coxae and abdomen black above.

(12) 11. Metanotum sulcate ; antennae length of body; lower basal

nervure vertical. 6. julvitarse. Cam.

(11) 12. Metanotum not sulcate; antennae about half body; lower

basal oblique.
(14) 13. Antennae and scutellum black ; first segment longer than

metathorax. 7. perornntum, Cam.

(13) 14. Antennae and scutellum pale ; first segment shorter than

metathorax. 8. nox, sp. n.

I. Heteropelma fulvicorne, Say.

West Quart. Rep. Cincinnati, 1823, p. 73.

I do not understand Say's description of the wing (in
Leconte, Writings, 1869, p. 163) " tip of the superior wings,
and tip of the interior margin of the inferior wings, broadly
margined with blackish " ; Brulle in 1846 (p. 171) gives them
as unicolorous, " alls fuscis . . . fortement enfumees, sans
reflet violet " ; and Provancher (Faun. Canad. Hym. 1883,
p. 355) terms those of the S simply " tres foncees." The pair
in the British Museum from America (Fred. Smith coll. 1879)
and New York (H. Edwards, 1889) have them unicolorous, as
are those of a ? presented by the Hon. W. Rothschild in
1911 and taken in the Monacknock Mountams of New
Hampshire during July, 1906.

ANOMALIDES. 69

2. Heteropelma datanae, Riley.

Insect Life 1888, p. 177, ?.
Prof. Riley's capital account of " The Habits of Thalessa
and Tremex " includes a description of this species, parasitic
upon Datana integerrima, said to resemble greatly Thalessa
lunator, Fab. It is ferrugineo us -brown with the abdomen
cupreous-black ; from all other species it is knov^-n by its
rufescent coloration and in having the antennae darker than
the head and thorax, and the legs paler with basal hind tarsal
joint fully five times longer than the second ; the \\dngs are
uniformly dark fuligineous throughout ; length, 25 mm.
The British Museum possesses an old ^ — differing in no way
from the ? — of 27 mm. and a small ? of only 19 mm., received
by Rev. T. A. Marshall from Riley, who took it in August,

3. Heteropelma sonorensis, Cam.
Biol. Centr. Amer. 1886, p. 298, $.
The type in the British Museum is more like an Erigorgus
than Heteropelma, and has the first hind tarsal joint barely
thrice longer than the second. The figure {I.e. pi. xii, fig. 30)
is good but the antennae are too stout and short, the stigma
is fulvous and it does not show the distinctly exserted terebra.
It was captured in northern Sonora, in the north of Mexico,
and no further example has come in with the numerous later
collection from the same country.

4. Heteropelma calcator, Wesm.

Bui. Ac. Brux. 1849, p. 120 ; H. reticulatutn, Cam.,
Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 110.

A common palaearctic species, of which examples from
Ziirich, Miinich, and other German localities are in the British
Museum. I have no hesitation in here synonymising H. reticu-
latum, Cam., from the Khasi Hills of Assam, since I can
discover no feature that does not entirely coincide with
Wesmaels insect, except " alls violaceis." I have seen two
?? agreeing in all other respects with his diagnosis, which
were captured at Margherita in Assam and in Sikkim ; these
have distinctly fulvescent wings.

5. Heteropelma orbitalis, sp. n.
A red species, with the head and thorax black ; the former
with the mouth, face, frontal orbits shortly and the external

70 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

very broadly throughout, flavous ; the latter ^dth the
scutellum, postscutellum and tegulae, dull flavescent ; the
second abdominal segment and the anus are discally infuscate ;
the legs immaculate and the wings hyaline ; length, 18 mm.
It agreees throughout with H. calcator in sculpture, though
the coloration, especially that of the wings which are not
at all fulvescent, renders it abundantly distinct. I have seen
but a single male in the Genoa Civic Museum, which was taken
in southern Burma at an altitude of some 500 metres in
November, 1888.

6. Heteropelma fulvitarse, Cam.
Manch. Mem. 1899, p. Ill, ?.
Examples in the Oxford and Genoa Museums are from the
Khasi Hills of Assam (Rothney) and Carin Cheba in southern
Burma (Fea). Its range seems very broad for Wileman has
presented one to the British Museum, found by him on 21st
August, 1908, at an altitude of 7,300 feet at Arizan in Formosa.

7. Heteropelma perornatum, Cam

Journ. Str. Br. R. Asiatic Soc. 1902, p. 50, ?.
Placed in Anomalon by Cameron, but a co-type in the British
Museum from " Kuching, July 15th, 1899," has the hind
metatarsus fully four times the length of its second joint. It
is by no means svnonymous with A. tinctipenne, Cam., as was
anticipated by Szepligeti (Gen. Insect. xxxiv,1905, p. 12).
The type is said to be at Cambridge.

8. Heteropelma nox, sp. n.

Much more closely allied to H. sonorensis than to the Asiatic
species, though materially differing in the antennal length,
which is greater than that of half the body ; it is a much more
slender species, with the orbits less conspicuously pale, the
scutellum smaller and centrally impressed, pleurae rufescent,
and femora black. Head black and scabrously punctate with
the face and its discreted orbits, and a determinate triangle
at the vertical orbits, flavous ; external orbits narrowly flavous
and the cheeks red ; thorax ferrugineous, with the meso- and
meta-notum black ; the scutellum, postscutellum and an
internal dot on under side of scape flavous ; abdomen red with
the two basal segments short and, except apical, black above ;

ANOMALIDES. 71

terebra hardly half length of first segment ; legs clear stra-
mineous with anterior coxae whitish, and disc of the inter-
mediate femora infuscate ; hind legs flavous with femora
except basally, apical third of tibiae, trochanters mainly, and
coxae except their red base, black ; second recurrent nervure
emitted far beyond the submarginal ; length, 17 mm. ? only.
The type was taken by H. H. Smith at Xucumanatlan in
Guerrero, Mexico, at an altitude of 7,000 feet during July ;
and is in the British Museum.

EXOCHILUM, Wesm.

Bull. Ac. Brux. 1849, p. 119.
This genus has the first recurrent nervure emitted from the
centre of the disco -cubital cell, as in the two last genera ; but
is at once known by the hind metatarsus being hardly longer
than double its second joint and the clypeus not apically
reflexed and bilobed.

TABLE OF SPECIES.
Wings strongly nigrescent throughout.
Head and thorax black ; anterior coxae concolorous.
Hind tibiae at most piceous ; tarsi rufescent.

Nearctic ; four basal antennal joints black.

1. tenuipes, Nort.

Asiatic; three basal antennal joints black. 2.diabolus, s^.n.
Hind tibiae broadly clear red or flavous.

Hind tibiae except apically, and tarsi, flavous. 3. morio. Fab.
Hind tibiae except apical half, and tarsi, rufescent.

4. acronyctae, Ashm.

Head and thorax brown ; anterior legs all fulvidous.

5. texanum, Ashm.

Wings fulvescent or infumate, not nigrescent.
Wings " smoky yello^\^," with stigmal base often flavous.
Stigma basally flavous ; metanotvun impressed ; hind femora
partly black. 6. fuscipennis, Nort.

(12) 13. Stigma fulvous; metanotum not impressed; hind femora
entirely red. 7. chinense, sp. n.

(11) 14. Wings at most fulvescent; stigma unicolorous.
(16) 15. Abdomen black, with only two basal segments red-marked.

8. nigrum. Pro v.

(15) 16. Abdomen but sparsely black-marked.
(42) 17. Abdomen not mainly pure flavous.

(23) 18. Submarginal nervure antefurcal ; scutellum, and often hind
femora, black.

(10)

1.

(9)

2.

(6)

3.

(5)

4.

(4)

5.

(3)

6.

(8)

7.

(7)

8.

(2)

9.

(1)

10.

(14)

11.

(13)

12.

72 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

(22) 19. Scape not pale ; internal orbits normal ; abdomen black-
marked.

(21) 20. Notaiili verj^ strong ; hind tibiae entirely black.

9. aiistralasiae, sp. n.

(20) 21. Notavili wanting ; hind tibiae mainly flavidous

10. hrevicorne, Grav.

(19) 22. Scape flavidous-white ; internal orbits elevated ; abdomen
entirely red. 1 1 . scaposum, sp. n.

(18) 23. SubmargLnal nervure opposite or scutellum pale ; femora at
least half red.

(41) 24. Frons cristulate ; scutellum not centrally impressed.

(40) 25. Head baccate ; scutellum convex ; external orbits hardly
pale.

(35) 26. Scutellum normally convex ; pleui'ae immaculate ; length

at most 23 mm.

(30) 27. Antennae stout, pale and not longer than half body ; scutellum

mainly pale.
(29) 28. Wings flavescent ; nerveUus intercepted above centre.

12. circumflexum, L.
(28) 29. Wings clear hyaline ; nerveUus intercepted below centre.

13. neglecttim, sp. n.

(27) 30. Antennae slender, black and fully two-thii'ds length of body.

(32) 31. Notauli distinct; metanotum sulcate ; scutellum shining.

14. sulcator, sp. n.

(31) 32. Notauli obsolete; metanotmn not sulcate; scutellum dull

and impressed.
(34) 33. Metathorax strongly rugose and pilose ; $ face laterally black.

15. trichiosoma. Cam.

(33) 34. Metathorax evenly reticulate and subglabrous ; face flavous.

16. airichiosoma, sp. n.
(26) 35. Scutellima pyramidal ; pleurae often pale-marked ; length at

least 30 mm.
(39) 36. Scutellum simply pyramidal ; pleurae always red-marked ;

nerveUus intercepted at or above centre.

(38) 37. Abdomen slender ; metatarsus pale ; cubital nervxire straight
to the submarginal ; wings flavescent. 11 . giganteum, Grav.

(37) 38. Abdomen stout; metatarsus half black; cubital nervaire
curved before submarginal ; wings hyaline.

18. rohustum, sp. n.

(36) 39. Scutellum ultrapyramidal ; pleurae not pale-marked ; ner-

veUus intercepted below centre. 19. verticale, sp. n.

(25) 40. Head narrow ; scutellimi deplanate ; external orbits flavous.

20. orhitale, sp. n.
(24) 41. Frons cornute ; scuteUum longitudinaUy impressed.

21. acheron, sp. n.
(17) 42. Abdomen pure flavous, with anus from fifth segment black.

22. occidentale, Cr.

ANOMALIDES. 73

I. Exochilum tenuipes, Norton.
Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 1863, p. 360, ?.
A black species with wangs concolorous, tarsi mainly red
and the antennae, except basally, flavous ; " legs slender,
the two anterior pair rufous before '" ; hind tibiae at most
piceous ; length 1.04 inches. Scudder took two females in
Connecticut and Massachusetts. Rothschild presented a
female to the British Museum, from the Monacknock Moun-
tains of New Hampshire in 1911.

2. Exochilum diabolus, sp. n.
This species resembles E. tenuipes to such an extent that I
have experienced the greatest difficulty in distinguishing
my species from Norton's description of the nearctic one.
Only the scape and base of the laterally subsinuate first
flagellar joint are black in place of the four or five basal
antennal joints ; and the tarsi are here much darker. The
type is from Westwood's collection and is in the Oxford
Museum, labelled simpty " India."

3. Exochilum morio, Fab.

Spp Ins I, 1781, p. 436, $; Ophion mundus, Say, Boston Journ.
Nat. Hist. 1836, p. 239.

Deep black, with the wings infumate -violaceous ; antennae
except basaUy, hind tibiae except apically and their tarsi,
flavidous-fulvous ; " anterior pair of the feet j^ellowish before :
intermediate pair -wdth a line before and base of the tibiae
yellowish " ; length nearly an inch. Say remarks (Boston
Journ. Nat. Hist. 1836, p. 239) upon the resemblance of his
Ophion mundus from Indiana to Ichneumon morio, Fab.,
and differentiated it (Leconte, Writings 11, 695) by the colour
of the hind legs, which Mere not described by Fabricius because
wanting from their tibial base in his tj-pe. " N. Eng., N.Y.,
Pa., la., Lake Sup., Mex. (St. Farg.) "—Norton, Proc. Ent.
' Soc. Philad. 1863, p. 360. A long series in the British Museum
— including the type — is from North America (Marshall), from
Reedville and Blue Hills in Massachusetts, White Mountains
in New Hampshire, New York and Jalapa in Mexico (H.
Edwards), Cordova in 1861 (Salle), and many taken by
H. H. Smith at Amula in Guerrero at 6000 feet, Orisaba in
December, 1887, at Jaral in Grand Juato, at Omilteme at
8000 feet and at Xucumanatlan at 7000 feet, both in July.

74 ^ ICHNEUMONIDAE.

I am able to record this species from Britain ; Mr. R. Burgess
Sopp has kindly given me a fine ?, which he captured at Bootle
by Livei-pool on 30th July, 1904 ; doubtless imported.

4. Exochilum acronyctae, Ashm.
Trans. American Ent. Soc. 1896, p. 190, $.
A large species of 26 mm., bred in California and Washington
from Acronycta lupina and A. hastilifera. "This large and
beautiful form is allied to E. tenuipes, Cress., and E. mundum,
Say, from both of which it is separated by the different
coloured legs and abdomen," i.e. " legs fulvous . . . coxae
and apical two -thirds of posterior femora and nearly apical
half of tibiae, black " ; abdomen black with second segment
except discally, third and lateral basal mark on fourth
rufescent.

5. Exochilum texanum, Ashm.
Trans. American Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 426, ^.
Piceous and black-pubescent with the -wdngs, abdomen
except basally and most of the hind legs, black ; antennae
except basally, hind tibiae except apically and their tarsi,
flavidous-fulvous ; " anterior and middle legs reddish-yellow " ;
length 19 mm. Ashmead knew only the type from Texas,
Exochilum petiolatum, Davis (Tr. Amer. E. Soc. 1897,
p. 356), from South Dakota, appears so similar that I hesitate
to regard it as distinct, though the length is only 15 mm.
E. texanum is represented in the British Museum by three
females, differing from the male description only in their
more extensive brick-red coloration and varying in size from
15 to 21 mm. ; they are from Orizaba in Mexico (Salle, 1856)
and Congress Springs in California (Edwards, 1892).

6. Exochilum fuscipennis, Norton.

Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 1863, p. 359, ?.
A black species of 27 mm., with rufescent markings and the
wings distinctly infumate, basally darker with the stigmal
base flavous. The type, taken by Osten Sacken at Washington,
was alone known to Cresson.

7, Exochilum chinense, sp. n.

So like the last species that I should have regarded it as
the undescribed male sex w^ere it not that the " basin

ANOMALIDES. 75

of metathorax, sharply defined " in that species, is here con-
tinuous with its lateral sculpture and but slightly impressed.
The submarginal nervure is intercepted by the straight
disco-cubital exactly at its centre ; the nervellus is opposite,
and intercepted slightly below its centre ; the wings are
infumate with the basal two-thirds flavidous-infumate ; the
legs and abdomen except the black hind coxae, apices of their
tibiae and disc of the segment, are red ; and both the scutellum
and mesonotal marks are obscurely concolorous ; the rufescent
antennae extend to apex of the third segment, the meta-
thorax is vertically subglobular and the anteriorly flavous
head is narrower than the thorax ; length 30 mm. A single
male in the British Museum is labelled " Bred from Saturnia
pyretorum, Westw., Hong Kong. — J. H. Watson."

8. Exochilum nigrum, Pro v.

Nat. Canad. 1879, p. 1425 ; Faun. Canad. Hym. 1883, p. 356, ^ $ ;
cf. I.e. Add. 1886, p. 76.

9. Exochilum australasiae, sp. n.

A large and stout species, allied to E. brevicome in the
thoracic sculpture, excepting its deeply impressed notauli
and the antennae which extend nearly to the anus ; in general
structure it approaches closest to E. rohustum, especially in
the slightly antemedial first recurrent nervure and basally
black hind metatarsi. The recurrent is continuous with the
submarginal nervure, and the median quite continuous through
the latter. It is distinct from any Anomalid with which I
am acquainted in its entirely black hind tibiae. The face,
tegulae and juxta-antennal, though neither the vertical nor
external orbits, are flavous ; the metanotum strongly sulcate
and carinately trans -striate, the hind coxae are black and
femora entirely deep red ; vertex and temples buccate ;
length, 28 mm. A single pair of this species has stood in
the British Museum since 1854, when Morton Allport of
Hobart presented them from " Van Dieman's Land."

II. Exochilum scaposum, sp. n.

Instantly known from every other species of the genus by
its totally pale-flavous scape. The flagellum is infuscate and
two -thirds the length of the body ; the head below scrobes
and the juxta-antennal orbits are flavous, with vertical and
external orbital lines and tegulae concolorous ; the scutellum

l^

76 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

is not impressed ; the metanotum not concave, but apically
produced ; the legs and abdomen are both slender and clear
red, with only the anterior tibiae and tarsi fiavidous and the
hind tibiae apically infuscate ; stigma dull fulvous, submar-
ginal nervure intercepted at its centre and the nervellus
distinctly above its centre ; the two basal hind tarsal joints
of ^ distinctly spatuliform ; length 18-19 mm. Probably not
uncommon in Queensland, where G. and R. E. Turner took
a good many from 1892 to 1909, in which year C. French
found one in north-west Australia, pointing to a wide dis-
tribution.

12. Exochilum circumflexum, Linn.

Syst. Nat. 1758, 566; Anomalon mussouriense. Cam.,
Manch. Mem. 1897, p. 26 ; A. japonicum, Cam., Entom. 1906, p. 98.

Given by Szepligeti.whois doubtless correct in synonymising
Anomalon unicolor, Ratz. (Ichn. d. Forst. 1849, 87), so lately
as 1905, only from Europe ; but I have seen it from Assam,
Simla and Mussoorie, whence Cameron (Manch. Mem. 1897,
p. 26) described it as Anomalon Mussouriense. Again he thought
a Japanese specimen, now in the British Museum to be some-
thing new, and termed it Anomalon japonicum. I am not
prepared to synonymise Viereck's E. variicolor (Trans. Amer.
Ent. Soc. 1903, p. 90, S) with the Linnean species, though
the identity appears very probable ; more especially since
two nearctic females, certainly referable to E. circumflexum
in the British Museum, are from Hudson's Bay in 1844 (George
Barnston) and North America in 1891 (Miss Phipson).

13, Exochilum neglectum, sp. n.

I cannot reconcile this insect with any of the descriptions
of nearctic species ; it is most closely related to E. circumflexum,
but is smaller with the legs stouter and shorter, the wdngs not
at all flavescent and the nervellus intercepted distinctly below
its centre ; the legs vary from red with only the hind tibiae
apically black to having the hind legs mainl}^ and the inter-
mediate femora also black. It is best recognised by the
evenly convex scutellum being subglabrous and shining
between its sparse and deep punctures, by the buccate head
of both sexes, their mainly red scutellum and by the often
broadly rufescent head, meso- and meta- notum of the ? which
has the antermae mainly red, while those of the ^ are black
with only the under side of scape, like its face, flavous. Four
pairs, including the type, were taken about Hudson's Bay

ANOMALIDES.

77

in 1844, except a single male found by Redman in Nova
Scotia about the same time ; these are in the British
Museum.

14. Exochilum sulcator, sp. n.
A single male is the only specimen I know of this distinct
species, which is easily distinguished from its Australian
allies in its deep notauli andmetanotal sulcus, black scutellum
and disc of scape. In all other respects it is only to be
known from E. trichiosoma by its longer antennae which
extend nearly to the anus, the more acute temples and
but externally slightly explanate hind tarsal joints. It was
captured in February, 1901, in Victoria by C. French and is
in the British Museum.

15. Exochilum trichiosoma, Cam.

Entom. 1906, p. 182, $.
Head as broad as thorax ; length 21-25 mm. The tj^pe
from "Austraha" is in the British Museum with, four co-
specific males from Van Dieman's Land in 1845 (R. Butler),
Hobart in 'March, 1891 (J. J. Walker), and Victoria in
February, 1901 (C. French).

16. Exochilum atrichiosoma, sp. n.
Extremely like the last species but clearly distmct in its
smaller size of 16-18 mm., in the much more fully and coarsely
reticulate metathorax, the pilosity of which is considerably
sparser and fmer, in the smaller head which is narrower than
the thorax, with the anterior legs less clearly flavous and the
face entirely concolorous in both sexes. Both species have
the abdominal disc very narrowly rufescent from the second
segment ; and the point of interception of the submarginal
by the disco-cubital nervure is variable. Several examples
in the British Museum are from Champion Bay, Western
Australia in 1868 and Victoria during 1885 taken by du
Boulay ; and again in the latter locality by French in 1901.

17. Exochilum giganteum, Grav.

Ichii. Europ. Ill, 1829, 647 ; E. pyramidatus. Thorns., Opusc. Ent.

1895, p. 2118.

Considered doubtfully different from E. circumflexum, but

the distinct scutellar convexity renders it probably so, as

also do the characters adopted by Thomson for his ccrtamly

78 ICmSTEUMONIDAE.

synonymous E. pyramidatus. In the British Museum are
several from Germany (Ruthe), Italy (Leach), and Algeria
(Parsudaki).

1 8. Exochilum robustum, sp. n.

Allied to E. giganteum in structure but with head, legs, and
abdomen much stouter, the wings quite hyaline with nervures,
costa and stigma piceous, and the disco-cubital nervure
distinctly a little curved before the submarginal, the lower
basal continuous and the nervellus intercepted at its centre ;
the metanotum is but sparsely pilose and almost regularly
trans -striate, the flagellum black, the temples entirely pale
and the basal half of the hind metatarsi abruptly black ;
hind tarsi of ? distinctly explanate with the second joint more
than a third the length of the first. The mesonotum has
elongate and triangular vittae anteriorly on either side, with
anus and disc of second segment black ; length, 21 mm. The
type ?, in the British Museum, is labelled " Australia " and a
second female, which I cannot consider distinct (since it differs
in nothing but in the reception of the second recurrent by the
median more beyond the submarginal) and propose to term
var. transpositor, was taken at Cumberland in New South
Wales. In this species the first recurrent intercepts the disco-
cubital a little before its centre, but the discoidal cell is
narrower neither basally nor apically.

19. Exochilum verticale, sp. n.

A large ? of 29 mm., in the British Museum, taken about
1844 in the district of Hudson's Bay by George Bamston, has
so remarkable a modification of the black scutellum as to
merit specific rank. This resembles that of certain Joppides,
since it is ultra-pyramidal and strongly rugose, rising vertically
from the basal sulcus and subvertically before the equally
elevated and cariniform postscutellum. In all other respects
it differs from E. giganteum only in its more coarsely sculptured
metathorax, denser mesonotal pilosity, immaculate pleurae
and less geniculate nervellus with its higher interception.

20. Exochilum orbitale, sp. n.

A red species with the head and thorax, excepting the flavous
mouth, face, frontal and very broad external orbits, tegulae
and scutellum, black ; head not posteriorly buccate and
antennae slender and elongate ; length, 22 mm. Both sexes
of this species are too closely allied to E. circumflexum to need

ANOMALIDES. 79

a detailed description ; therefrom it differs in its more slender
and elongate form, legs and antennae, in the posteriorly
narrower head with its very conspicuous flavous external and
vertical orbits, in the entirely ])ale frontal cristula and scape,
in the deplanate scutellum and immaculate red hind femora
and coxae. Carin Cheba in southern Burma (L. Fea, in coll.
Grenoa Civic Museum).

21. Exochilum acheron, sp. n.

A red species with only the thorax and part of head black ;
face and ctypeus, frontal, genal and centre of the external
orbits, flavous in both sexes ; apical third of the antennae
clear fulvous ; scutellum black ; only apical third of the hind
tibiae black ; hind metatarsus fully double length of the
second joint and both spatuliform ; wings subfulvescent ;
basal nervure subcontinuous ; nervellus postfurcal and inter-
cepted above its centre ; length, 20-24 mm. Closely allied
to E. signatum, Grav., as regards its elongate pilosity, &c.,
but the abdomen is of no unusual brevity. I have seen
several of both sexes from India, some in the British Museum
(Captain Reid in 1855 and Mrs. Baly in 1851), and it extends
to eastern China, Shanghai (Fortune in 1854) and Hong Kong
(Bowring in 1861). One male from Shanghai, in the British
Museum, is extremely curious in that it agrees in every way
with the type, except in possessing the hind metatarsi fully
four times the length of the second joint, which character if
constant (and I cannot credit that it is, so exactly does it agree
in all other respects with the typical form) would translate it
to the genus Heteropelma.

22. Exochilum occidentale, Cress.

Proc. Acad. Philad. 1878, p. 366, ?.

Remarkable for the pure flavous of its abdomen, which has

the " basal two-thirds of upper edge of second segment, stripe

on each side of fourth segment, and the following segments

entirely black. Length, .70 inch." Oi-egon and Colorado.

MAGNIBUCCA, gen. nov.

Head posteriorly much broader than eyes ; with the vertex
broad and basally margined ; occiput perpendicular and
concave ; mandibular teeth strongly obtuse, with the lower
somewhat the shorter ; eyes glabrous, internally parallel and
not emarginate ; clypeus apically rounded and slightly, but

80 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

obtusely, produced centrally ; cheeks strongly buccate ; frons
laterally convex and centrally very finely unicarinate. Notauli
obsolete and superficial ; metathorax convex, with no carinae ;
spiracles elongate, ovate and not small. Scutellum convex,
large, apically subtruncate and laterally immarginate. Abdo-
men fully twice length of head and thorax ; basal segment
glabrous and linear to its centre, thence gradually explanate
to the subapical spiracles. Legs stout and not elongate ;
hind tarsi distinctly spatuliform, with calcaria hardly longer
than breadth of tibial apex. Wings not ample ; stigma
distinct ; basal nervure subpostf ureal, with lower basal nervure
strongly oblique ; first recurrent nervure emitted before centre
of first cubital cell, which is apically strongly obtuse below ;
second recurrent nervure continuous with the submarginal,
more than half fenestrate ; anal nervure emitted far above
centre of brachial cell ; nervellus strongly intercepted very
slightly below its centre ; all nervures distinct to alar apices.
Very distinct in its vertical and occipital structure, and the
peculiar coloration, which approximates it to Labrorychus
amabilis, Tosq., from Transcaspia.

I. Magnibucca testacea, sp. n.

A large, stout and entirely testaceous species, with only the
ocelli and disc of the second segment black. Head and thorax
coarsely punctate, with only the metanotum somewhat
smoother. Antennae (fractae) testaceous and multiarticulate,
with the thirty or forty basal flagellar joints cylindrical ;
scape hardly excised. Wings distinctly flavescent with the
radix, tegulae and stigma fulvous. Length, 23 mm. The
type of this very remarkable insect was taken by M. Cameron
at Bangalore in southern India ; it is in the Calcutta Museum,
but in so bad a condition as to render the sex uncertain.

BARYLYPA, Forst.

Verb pr. Rheinl. 1868, p. 146.

AFRICAN SPECIES.

I. Barylypa bipartita, sp. n.

I have had considerable difficulty in distinguishing this

female from British B. perspicillator, Grav., which it exactly

resembles in every way except in its much more densely

and elongately pilose and more finely sculptured metathorax,

the flavous scutellum which is only longitudinally black

centrally, the rufescent terebral sheaths and red hind coxae ;

ANOMALIDES. 81

length 19 mm. The typical female, in the British Museum,
was captured by C. H. Pead at Bloksberg near Johannesburg
and presented in 1907.

2. Barylypa xanthomelas, Brulle.
Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. iv, 1846, 173, ?.
Very different from the above in its ferrugineous coloration
and strongly punctate head, though the size is similar. " La
deuxieme nervure recurrente aboutit a la nervure inter-
cubitale " seems to place it in the present genus or Ophionopsis,
Tosq. Described in M. Serville's collection from South
Africa.

TABLE OF AUSTRALIAN SPECIES.

(2) 1. Length 40 mm. ; Tasmania. 3. fiavitarsis, Brull6
(1)2. Length at most 17 mm. ; Austraha.

(4) 3. Metathorax distinctly trans-striate ; clypeus apically rounded.

4. victoriana, sp. n.

(3) 4. Metathorax not distinctly trans-striate ; clypeus apically sub-

acuminate. (LAPH YCTES, Forst. ) .

(6) 5. Basal and second recurrent nervures quite continuous ;

scutellum and thorax black. 5. trUmeata, Cam.

(5) 6. Basal and second recurrent nervures not continuous ; scutellum

and part of thorax red. 6. perturhans, sp. n.

3. Barylypa flavitarsis, Brulle.
Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. iv, 1846, 71, ^.

" Le deuxieme nervure recurrente est sur la meme ligne
que la nervure intercubitale." The great size will distinguish
this Tasmanian species.

4. Barylypa victoriana, sp. n.

At once known from the two following species bv the
distinctly trans-strigose metathorax which in the 9 is, like
its scutellum and temples, red ; both sexes are black with
the abdomen except discally and in 3 anally, and the legs
except the apical two -thirds of the hind tibiae and basal
half of their stout and stramineous tarsi, black ; notauli
distinctly impressed ; face, mouth, a genal line, underside
of scape entirely and the anterior legs, clear flavous ; antennae
three-quarters the length of the body, which is 12-13 mm.
A single pair was found by C. French in Victoria during
Februarv, 1901.

82 ICHNEUMONIDAE. -•

5. Barylypa trilineata, Cam.

Entom. 1906, p. 183, ?.

Cameron referred to the right sub-genus the unique

female of this species — ''^ Laphyctes "i trilineata" — which he

much too vaguely records from " Australia " ; the type is in

the British Museum.

6. Barylypa perturbans, sp. n.

Very like the last species, though certainly distinct in its
half smaller size, finer sculpture, flavous cheeks, rufescent
propleurae, scutellum, pleural sutures, postscutellum, frenum
and metathoracic apex with its sternum ; all the coxae and
hind trochanters are pale ; the antennae a little longer than
half the body, and the abdomen immaculate fulvous through-
out ; length, 9 mm. The single male type was found, wdth B.
victoriana, by French in February, 1901, in Victoria.

ANOMALON, Jurine.

{Sensu stricto, sed etiam Aphanistes, Forst. )
The palaearctic representatives of this genus, as well as
those of Lahrorychus and Agrypon, are extremely sparse in
the British Museum, and no remark upon them is requisite
beyond the fact that they came almost exclusive^ from the
German and Swiss collections of Ruthe (acquired 1859) and
Bucheker (acquired 1881), containing single examples of such
things as Anomalon procerum and Habroriyx heros — of which
A. (Erigorgus) miraUle, Desv. (Cat. 1856, 105 ; Bridg.-Fitch,
Entom. 1884, p. 224, S), is nothing but a male example with
the second recurrent nervure unusually near the base ; its
British origin is very doubtful, since no second specimen
has yet occurred.

ASIATIC SPECIES.
I have seen so few of Cameron's species of this genus, and
his descriptions are so inadequate in respect of neuration,
that it is impossible to place them in Forster's subgenera ;
A. apicate is a Lahrorychus ; and doubtless the latter author
would have erected a new genus — of equal stability with his
Pterocormus {cf. Wiegm. Arch. 1850, p. 72 et my Ichn. Brit, i,
119) — ^for the first of the following species. Cameron's
descriptions, unfortunately, preclude anything but a colour
table.

ANOMALIDES. 83

(2) 1. Wings extending only to apex of postpetiole.

1. hrachypterum, Cam.
(1) 2. Wings extending at least to centre of abdomen.

(4) 3. Metathorax broadly red-marked ; frons carinate.

2. carinifrons, Cam.

(3) 4. Metathorax immaculate black.

(6) 5. Radical callosities flayous. 3. decorum. Cam.

(5) 6. Thorax entirely immaculate.
(10) 7. Scutellum flavous.

(9) 8. Hind tibiae broadly black 4. tinctipenne. Cam .

(9) 8. Hind tibiae entirely red. 5. apicate. Cam.

(7) 10. Scutellum not flavous. 6. hinghami, Cam.

I. Anomalon hrachypterum, Cam.

Manch. Mem. 1897, p. 25, ^.
Trincomali in Ceylon (Col. Yerbury).

2. Anomalon carinifrons, Cam.
Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 113, ?.
Found in the Khasi Hills of Assam by Rothney.

3. Anomalon decorum. Cam.

Manch. Mem. 1897, p. 24, $.
Trincomali in Ceylon (Col. Yerbury),

4. Anomalon tinctipenne, Cam.

I.e. p. 112, ? ; cf. Ann. Nat. Hist, xx, 1907, p. 14.

Found with the last. The broken type of this species, in
the British Museum, shows very remarkable neuration : the
median nervure runs straight to its Jimction wdth the internal
cubital, which is strongly sinuate, and only extends to centre
of first cubital cell ; the second recurrent nervure above is
four times further from apex of internal cubital than the
latter is from the radial ; nervellus subopposite and strongly
intercepted a little below its centre. Though overlooked by
Cameron, the frons is stoutly cornute, which feature combined
with its pectinate claws places this species in the subgenus
Aphanistes, Forst.

G 2

84 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

5. Anomalon apicate, Cam.
Entom. 1905, p. 106, cJ.
This is an extremely slender insect with the nervellus dis-
tinctly intercepted and geniculate ; it is closely allied to
Lahrorychus dmidestinus , Grav., though the hind metatarsus
is nearly or quite thrice longer than its next joint. The type
is in Col. Nurse's collection, and was captured by him at
Simla during September, 1898, and there is also there a
second male, differing in no way, labelled by Cameron " Atio-
malon leptogaster, Cam., Type." Cameron, further, sent a
female of this species to the British Museum, labelled " type,"
though he only described the male ! It is a good species ;
I have also seen it from Mussoorie in the United Provinces
(Mus. Calcutta et Pusa) and Shillong in Assam (La Touche).

6. Anomalon binghami, Cam.

Ann. Nat. Hist, xx, 1907, p. 14, ^.

NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES.

For the purpose of determining the specimens in the British

Museum, I have not found it necessary to tabulate all the

nearctic species, which cannot be adequately done without

an examination of typical specimens. Those brought forward

by Edward Norton (Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 1863, pp. 360-364),

in his " Catalogue of our Species of Ophion, Anomalon,

Paaiscus and Campoplex," among which I suspect a good

deal of sexual synonymy, have been thrown into a rough table

and other kinds added only when found needful for the present

purpose.*

TABLE OF SPECIES.
(32) 1. Antennae not longei- than three-quarters of the body.
(15) 2. Recmrent nervure intercepted above centre ; antennae not
half length of body.
(6) 3. Wings hyaline, with their stigma piceous.
(5) 4. Black ; abdomen red with black and flavous markings

1. curtum, Norton.

(4) 5. Rufescent, with very sparse black markings 2.huccatnm, s^. n.
(3) 6. Wings infmnate, with their stigma nearly always rufescent.
(10) 7. Black species, with their abdomen red.

* The type of Anomalon j idvohirtum. Cam. (Proc. Manch. Philos.
Soc, xxvi, 1887, p. 132), in the British Museum from the Amazons,
is a cj Campoplegid, closely allied to Charops, Holmgren, which certainly
ig not an Anomalid genus, as placed in 1905 by Szephgeti in Gen. Insect.,
solely on account of its lacking alar areolet.

(11)

12.

(14)

13.

(13)

14.

(2)

15.

ANOMALIDES. 85

(9) 8. Stigma of the wings rufescent. 3. ambiguum, Norton.

(8) 9. Stigma of the wings piceous. 4. nigritiim, Norton.

(7) 10. Pale species with the thorax not or but sparsely black-marked.

(12) 11. F'avidous species. 5. penturn, Cresson..

Ferrugineous species.

Thorax mainly black, ferrugineous-marked.

6. semirufum, Norton.
Thorax entirely ferrugineous ; metathorax rugulose.

7. ferrugineum, Nort.
Recurrent nervure intercepted at or below centre ; antennae
from half to three-quarters length of body.

(25) 16. Discoidal cell strongly constricted basally ; wings infumate.

(20) 17. Head large ; metanotal sulcus not laterally carinate.

(19) 18. Stouter; apices of wings distinctly paler. S. relicttim,Fa,h.
(18) 19. Slenderer; wings unicolorous infumate throughout.

9. fumipenne, Cresson.
(17) 20. Head smaller; metanotal sulcus laterally carinate.

(22) 21. Lower half of metanotal sulcus not concave. 10. anale. Say.

(21) 22. Lower half of metanotal sulcus concave and transrugose.

(24) 23. Scutellum flavous. 11. Zaiera^e, Brull^.

(23) 24. Scutellum black. 12. orbitale, Cresson.
(16) 25. Discoidal cell not strongly constricted basally; wings hardly.

infumate.

(27) 26. Head very strongly buccate. 13. agrna^Nw, Cresson.

(26) 27. Head not strongly buccate.

(31) 28. Wings hyaline ; frons not cornute.

(30) 29. Metanotal sulcus distinct ; head flavidous.

14. hyaline, Norton.

(29) 30. Metanotal sulcus wanting ; head ferrugineous.

15. guatemalenum, Cam.

(28) 31. Wings infmnate -hyaline ; frons distinctly cornute.

16. nigrornfum, Nort.
(1) 32. Antennae as long as the body or nearly so.

(36) 33. Discoidal cell not basally contracted ; sternum flavous.

(35) 34. Wings entirely hyaline throughout. 17. I vteopectum, Nort.

(34) 35. Wings hyaline, with their apices infuscate.

18. viuicolle. Cress.
(33) 36. Discoidal cell basally contracted ; sternum not pale, often
black.

(40) 37. Antennae ferrugineous and nearly as long as body.
(39) 38. Sternum and mesonotum distinctly black-marked.

19. prismaticum, Nort.
(38) 39. Thorax ferrugineous, not black-marked. 20. magnm. Cress.

(37) 40. Antennae piceous and distinctly shorter than body.

21. metallicum, Norton.

86 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

Z. Anomalon buccatum, sp. n.

A fulvidous-ferrugineous species with only the mandibular
apices, eyes, interocellar region, second and basal fourth of
first segments discally, and apices of the hind tibiae, black.
In coloration and the capital conformation it strongly resembles
A. magum, but the vertex is less nitidulous. the antennae
much stouter and somewhat shorter than half body, the
metathorax is evenly sculptured and not centrally sulcate,
the anus is not infuscate nor the basal segment curved, the
hind legs are much stouter with tarsi shorter, and the wings
are smaller \vith the discoidal cell more parallel -sided and
less contracted basally ; length 12 mm. ? only. The type,
in the British Museum, was captured by H. H. Smith at
Chilpancingo in Guerrero, Mexico ^ at 4,600 feet during October.

4. Anomalon nigritum, Norton,

Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 1863, p. 363, S-
A single example from Massachusetts was alone originally
known, and the description of this so closely resembles a
pair in the British Museum from Chilpancingo, in Guerrero,
found in August and October at 4,600 feet, especially in the
black and flavous — not at all red^legs, that I have but little
hesitation in recording it from so much further south as
Mexico. The only discrepancy is that in Norton's species the
metathorax has the " sides of basin distinct," while here it is
evenly sculptured throughout. The new female has the terebra
shorter than the basal segment. Provancher's Ottawa species
(Add. a la Hym. Faun. Canad. 1886, p. 80) seems to me very
distinct in its apically rufescent thorax, sometimes flavous
scutellum, etc.

8. Anomalon relictum, Fab.

Ent. Syst. Suppl. 1798, 236.

The type is not in the British Museum, but there is a pair

received by the Rev. T. A. Marshall, from Prof. Riley —

named by the former " apicak, Cresson " — and a single old

female taken (probably by Doubleday) in Georgia.

9. Anomalon fumipenne, Cresson.
Proc. Acad. Philad. 1873, p. 379, ?.
Cameron simply records this species in the Biologia Centr.
Amer. on the authority of Cresson's female from Orizaba-

ANOMALIDES. 87

which lacked antennae. There is, however, in the Grodman-
Salvin collection, in the British Museum, another female with
the antennae intact, subfiliform, ferrugineous throughout, and
exactly two-thirds the length of the body. It was taken at
Acaguizotla, in Guerrero, by H. H. Smith, at an altitude of
3,500 feet during October.

10. Anomalon anale, Say.

Contrib. Maclur. Lye. Philad. ii, 1828, 75.

In the Rev. T. A. Marshall's collection, in the British
Museum, is a male of this species, correctly named by Prof.
Riley, and taken on 18th June in the District of Columbia,
Washington. It is a widely distributed species in Canada and
the United States.

12. Anomalon orbitale, Cresson.
Trans. American Ent. Soe. 1872, p. 170, ^.
The single ? in the British Museum differs from Cresson's
^ description only in having the third and fourth segments,
with the deflexed terebra entirely, red ; the hind tarsal joints
are short, with the metatarsus nearly four times the length
of the second, pointing to affinity with Heteropelma. It was
received by Rev. T. A. Marshall " from C. V. Riley, 1888 :
U.S. N. M. Ace. : Texas." Belfrage originally took three
males there, and it appears unknown elsewhere.

15. Anomalon guatemalenum, Cam.
A. G-untemaJcnum, Cam., Biologia Centr. Amer. 1886, p. 300, ?.
Cameron's description is accurate enough if one except " alis
fere fumatis." The clypeus is apically subspinately produced ;
the metanotum is discally deplanate and strongly trans-
striate, with definite indication of an irregular transcarina
before its base, and its apex is subelongately produced ;
the terebra is imder 3 mm. in length and shorter than the
straight basal segment ; only the hind onychii are nigrescent,
their tibiae being unicolorous red. I do not imderstand his
"wings slightly smoky, the apex much darker;" for in the
type, in the British Museum, they are unusually ample and
entirely hyaline, though slightly stained with dirt. The
unique ? is from Purula, Vera Paz (Champion).

88 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

1 6. Anomalon nigrorufum, Norton.
Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 1863, p. 361, ?.
A pair, agreeing in every way with the description of this
species is in the British Museum. The (^ resembles the ?
exactly, and has (unlike that brought forward by Provancher
at Add. Hym. Canad. 1886, p. 81) the flagellum dark piceous.
They were found by H. H. Smith, apparently in company, at
Omilteme, in Guerrero in July at an altitude of 8,000 feet.
Another c^", differing only in its mainly rufescent thorax, is
from Xucumanatlan at 7,000 feet in July.

20, Anomalon magum, Cresson.
Proc. Acad. PhUad. 1873, p. 377, <? ?.
One female was taken at Chilpancingo, in Guerrero, at an
altitude of 4,600 feet by'H. H. Smith in July ; and a second
at Venta de Zopilote at 2,800 feet, in June. The meta-
thorax is coarsely reticulate, but hardly rugose, with a narrow
and parallel-sided crenulate central sulcus from its base to
the produced, but not reflexed, apex.

TABLE OF AUSTRALIAN SPECIES.
(2) 1. Metathorax finely rugose ; basal half of hind metatarsi red,

their coxae red. 1. coarctatum, Brulle.

(1) 2. Metathorax reticulate ; basal third of hind metatarsi infuscate,

their coxae black. 2. variicolor, sp. n.

I. Anomalon coarctatum, Brulle.

Hist. Nat. Hym. iv, 1846, 176, ?.
The neuration of the hind wings is not indicated by its
author ; but the fact that " la deuxieme cellule disco idale
depasse un peu la cellule moyenne " renders its inclusion in
the present genus probably correct.

2. Anomalon variicolor, sp. n.

This is evidently closely allied to the last species, but it
is distinct in too many details to be considered co -specific in
the absence of the type. From Brulle's description it differs
in having only the external and juxta-antennal orbits broadly
flavous, the prothorax is entirely ferrugineous with meta-
pleurae, margins of mesonotum and sutures of mesopleurae
concolorous ; the stigma is not paler below, the anterior legs
are entirely flavous, and the hind coxae excepting a basal
spot are black, their tarsi only infuscate at their base ; the

ANOMALIDES.

89

abdomen is very dull rufescent, and the terebra fulvidous ;
length, 16 ram. One ? was found by Turner at an altitude
of some eleven hundred feet during December, 1901, at
Kuranda, about fifteen miles from Cairns on the Queensland
coast.

SPILANOMALON, gen. no v.

The following species was placed in Anomalon, with a
query, by Cresson, and it differs from the genus as defined
by Gravenhorst and Wesmael in its strongly transverse
head, prominent eves, the obsoletely sculptured thorax and
scutellum, entirely polished metathorax, less compressed
abdomen which is not longer than the terebra, with deplanate
and basally impressed three first segments ; in the very long
hind coxae, and not incrassate tarsi ; but especially in the
distance at which the recurrent nervure is emitted from the
elongate submarginal nervure, and in the strongly curved
radius. Superficially it is instantly recognised by the
determinately infum'ate apices of the otherwise hyaline front
wings, and by the, bright red body with sparse black
markings.

I. Spilanomalon elegans, Cress.
Anomalon ? elegans. Cress., Proc. Acad. Philad. 1873, p. 379, 9-
In the earlier researches of F. D. Godman into the fauna of
Mexico, he took a single c? of this species at Orizaba in
December, 1887. Subsequently H. H. Smith found it in some
numbers at Teapa in Tabasco, during January, February, and
March ; and there are a score of males, and half as many
females, of this beautiful species in the British Museum. The
male differs only in sexual characters from Cresson's
description.

AGRYPON, Forst.

Verh. pr. Rheinl. xvii, 1860, p. 151.

This genus is at once recognised by the total lack of any
nervure emitted from the nervellus, and in this character
agrees with the same author's genus Atrometus [cj. Perkins'
four new Hawaiian species in Faima Hawaiiensis. Suppl.
1910, pp. 681-3, two of M-hich have the genus misspelled),
which was regarded as distinct upon the feature of the anal
or parallel nervure being emitted so high from the brachial
cell as to be subcontinuous with the median ; this hardly
constitutes generic rank, however, and I have treated both

90 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

under the present generic name. It is impossible to relegate
Anomalides-species to their correct genera, since the authors
have consistently failed to detail the neuration ; many of the
kinds here treated of imder Anomalo7i doubtless belong to
the present genus, respecting the stability of which I am
sceptical, and expect species here placed will for the most
part be found nothing but weakly developed examples of those
enumerated in other genera.

TABLE OF ASIATIC SPECIES.

(2) 1. Tarsal claws very distinctly and closely pectinate.

1. villosum, Tosq.

(1) 2. Tarsal claws simple and not at aU pectinate.

(12) 3. Clypeiis not apicaUy truncate ; basal segment linear.

(11) 4. Metanotum coarsely reticulate ; face entirely palei

(6) 5. Antennae not longer than half body. 2. flavifrons. Smith.
(5) 6. Antennae much longer than half body.

(8) 7. Antennae longer than whole body. 3. caliginosum, Tosq.

(7) 8. Antennae but slightly shorter than body.

(10) 9. Frontal orbits pale ; tarsi explanate ; length 20 mm.

4. nox, sp. n.

(9) 10. Frontal orbits black ; tarsi normal ; length 15 mm.

5. variitarsum, Wesm.

(4) 11. Metanotum finely rugose ; face only laterally pale.

6. tisiphone, sp. n.

(3) 12. Clypeus apically trtmcate ; postpetiole explanate.

7. sumatrense, Tosq.

I. Agrypon villosum, Tosq.
Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg. x, 1903, p. 31, ?.
Described under the genus Anomalon from Si Rambe in
Sumatra in December, but queried by its author as belonging
to Forster's genus Camfoscopus, which is distinct from both
Anomalon and Agrypon in its pectinate claAvs, though agreeing
with the latter in lacking nervellus nervure ; Dalla Torre
could find no species of it in 1901. This is an infuscate
testaceous female of 15 mm.

2. Agrypon fiavifrons, Smith.

Anomalon flavifrom. Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1874, p. 395, ? (nee Grav.,

Ubers. 1807, p. 297).

So like the abundant palaearctic A. flaveolatum, Grav.,

that at first I failed to discover any distinction ; only one

can I see, which is in the ? hind tarsi ; these are short, and

ANOMALIDES. 91

stout in the Japanese type, more slender and half their tibial
length in the European species. The type, from Hiogo in
southern Japan, is in the British Museum.

3. Agrypon caliginosum, Tosq.
Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg. x, 1903, p. 25, ?.
The type was captured at Doreu-Hum, in New Guinea,
during April, 1875, by Beccari, and is in the Genoa Museum.

4. Agrypon nox, sp. n.

Head black with the face, clypeus and mouth, the frontal
and vertical orbits, and the whole cheeks externally, flavous ;
eyes entirely glabrous ; frons with neither apical horn nor
central carina. Antennae 14 mm. (body 20 mm.) in length,
entirely infuscate, with the scape alone flavous. Thorax not
red-marked ; mesonotum rugosely punctate and dull, black,
not strongly convex, nor with its lateral carinae prominent.
Abdomen red ; its second segment discally black, and the
anus somewhat infuscate. Legs slender and red, with only the
hind tibiae broadly black at their apices ; front coxae trans-
versely carinate ; hind tibiae not basally constricted, their
tarsi spatuliform. Wings with the first recurrent emitted
far before centre of the first cubital cell ; internal cubital
nervure curved ; second recurrent emitted beyond the sub-
marginal nervm-e ; nervellus strong, straight and not
intercepted ; the external nervure of hind wing not wanting ;
length, 16-20 mm. It appears to differ from A. stenostigma,
Thoms., in little but the very distinctly transcarinate front
coxae, which featm'e allies it more closely to A. anxium,
Wesm. ; it is, however, much larger than either. Probably
not rare ; the type is at Oxford. I have seen it from southern
Burma, Mussoorie and Shillong in Assam.

5. Agrypon variitarsum, Wesm.
Bull. Ac. Brux. 1849, p. 131.
This common palaearctic species has been found with some
degree of frequency throughout north-west India, at Abu in
Rajputana (Col. Nurse), the north-west Provinces (Mrs.
Holmes, in the British Museum), Margherita and Sadiya in
Assam, and the Dawna Hills of Lower Burma (Calcutta
Museum). A 3, taken on the Maine coast of the United
States of America by Danfurth in 1902, differs in no per-
tinent character and seems distinct from the thi-ee nearctic
species described in 1890 and 1896 by Ashmead.

92 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

6. Agrypon tisiphone, sp. n.

Head black with only the internal orbits to above aerobes
indeterminately stramineous, and the mouth ynth apex of
clypeus transversely flavous ; eyes entirely glabrous ; frons
centrally feebly carinate, with no horn. Antennae 12 mm.
in length, entirely infuscate, with the scape black throughout.
Thorax neither red- nor flavous-marked ; mesonotum trans-
versely scabrous and very dull, with no notauli. Scutellum
black and subconvex. Abdomen concolorous, with the third
to fifth segments and the whole terebra fulvous. Anterior
legs flavous with the onychii alone infuscate ; hind legs
stouter and black, with only the femoral apices subbadious ;
front coxae not carinate ; hind tibiae not basally constricted,
their tarsi somewhat broad. Wings with the first recurrent
emitted before centre of first cubital cell ; internal cubital
nervure curved ; second recurrent emitted beyond submar-
ginal nervure ; nervellus strong, straight, and not intercepted ;
nervures of hind wings distinct to apex. Length, 12 mm.
? only. Allied to A. anomelas, Gr., but at once known there-
from by the elongate antermae and scabrous mesonotum. I
have seen a couple of females of this species from Calcutta
and from Kandy in Ceylon, where they occurred in June,
1909.

7. Agrypon sumatrense, Tosq.

*^ {t) Anomalon sumatrensis,'" Tosq., Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg. x,
1903, p. 28, 9.

This unique female, taken at Pangherang-Pissang, in
Sumatra, during the winter of 1890, is said to differ from
all described Anomalid genera in the clypeal and petiolar
structure, as well as in the form of the front wing cells, of
which the radial is narrow and strongly elongate ; it is most
closely allied to Atrometus.

TABLE OF AFRICAN SPECIES.
(2) 1. Basal nervure subcontinuoiis, lower basal straight ; thorax red.

1. primum, sp. n.

< 1 ) 2. Lower basal nervure strongly postf ureal and ciu-ved ; thorax
black. 2. secundum, sp. n.

I. Agrypon primum, sp. n.

A dull and coarsely punctate, ferrugineous species, wdth the
antennae, eyes, vertex, meso- and meta-sternum, hind coxae,
disc of abdomen basally, of the hind femora and their tarsi,
alone black ; the entire face, clypeus, mouth, outer orbits
narrowly and underside of the scape, stramineous ; face and

ANOMALIDES.

93

raetathorax elongately white-pilose, the latter rugose with a
very slight central sulcus ; antennae as long as body, attenuate
and not very slender ; terebra infuscate and hardly longer
than half basal segment, which is barely two-thirds the length
of the second ; wings hyaline and normal with the parallel
nervure emitted far above centre of brachial cell ; length,
14 mm. ? only. The typical female was collected by
S. A. Neave in April, 1911, at an altitude of 3,000 feet at
Kibwezi, in British East Africa, and was presented to the
British Museum by the African Entomological Research
Committee.

2. Agrypon secundum, sp. i>.
A shining and finely pimctate, black species with the
anterior legs and the abdomen, except their bases, red ; head,
underside of scape, anterior coxae and trochanters, pale
stramineous with the vertex except orbital dots, frons and
occiput black ; face and metathorax elongately white-pilose,
the latter scabriculous with no central sulcus ; antennae fully
three-quarters the length of the body, filiform and not very
slender ; terebra fulvous and hardly half length of basal
segment, which is almost as long as the second ; wings hyaline
and normal, with the parallel nervure emitted somewhat above
centre of brachial cell ; length, 14 mm. $ only. The only
knowTi female, in the British Museum, is from Dr. Sharp's
collection, and was taken at Durban in 1902 by F. Muir.

TABLE OF AUSTRALIAN SPECIES.

(2) L Brick-red ; antennae as long as the body ; face scabriculous.

1. ferrugineiini, sp. n.
(1)2. Black and red ; antennae three-quarters the length of body ;

face nitidulous. 2. melanura, sp. n.

I. Agrypon ferrugineum, sp. n.
A nearly unicolorous brick-red species, with the posteriorly
subbuccate head and base of anterior legs but slightly paler ;
eyes, ocellar region, mandibular apices, antennae except
basa'lly, hind tarsi and apical half of their tibiae, alone black ;
second segment and anus discally subinfuscate ; wings broad
but not long, slightly flavescent, with lower basal nervure a
little postfurcal ; head and thorax coarsely reticulate ;
scutellum roughly punctate and circumcarinate ; metathorax
strongly produced apically, with its apical half centrally
sulcate ; length, 14 mm. S only. The typical male was
captured about Mackay in Queensland by Turner, who
presented it to the British Museum in 1909.

94 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

2. Agrypon melanura, sp, n.

A small, dull black species with the legs and abdomen
mainly bright red. Head subcubical but not posteriorly
buccate, with the face strongly constricted apically at least
in S, the frontal and external orbits, with a conspicuous
vertical dot, stramineous ; mouth and base of anterior legs
concolorous ; abdomen with the second segment discally and
all abdominal segments from the fifth in S, and fourth in $,
deep black ; legs with the hind tarsi, their tibiae except before
their base, and the extreme apices of their femora, black ;
terebra a little longer than half abdomen ; length, 9 mm.
(? ?. A single pair of this distinct species, in the British
Museum, was taken by French during February, 1901, in
Victoria.

TABLE OF CENTRAL AMERICAN SPECIES.

(4) I. Parallel nervtire not continuous with the median; scutellum

centrally impressed.
(3) 2. Basal segment very strongly curved, reflexed at both ends.

L scelerosum, Cress.
(2) 3. Basal segment entirely straight throughout. 2. lineiger, sp. n.
(1) 4. Parallel nervure continuous with median (ATROMETUS) ;

scutellum convex.
(8) 5. Notauli and apophyses wanting ; metanotum simple.
(7) 6. Black markings very extensive ; length 12 mia.

3. residuutn, Cress.
(6) 7. Vertex and the eyes alone black ; length 7 mm.

4. flaviceps. Cam.

(5) 8. Notauli and apophyses strong ; metanotvmi transcarinate.

5. flavopicUcm, Ashm.

I. Agrypon scelerosum, Cress.
Proc. Acad. Philad. 1873, p. 378, ^ ?.
Cresson's blunt descriptions are excellent, but Forster's
1868 paper was little known in America, till too much eulogized
by Ashmead. This species is an Agrypon, though described
as an Anomalon, with the cheeks enormously buccate and the
strong nervellus not at all intercepted ; basal segment strongly
curved upwards at both its extremities. Both sexes were
described from Orizaba, and the British Museum contains a
series of eleven examples found by H. H. Smith at Teapa
in Tabasco during February and March.

2. Agrypon lineiger, sp. n.

A female in the British Museum differs from the last species
in its subcubical head, which is far less acuminate below the

ANOMALIDES. 95

eyes, and in its coloration ; the neuration and structure,
both corporeal and antennal, are identical. Head bright
flavous with the whole antennae, frons from scrobes to vertex
(excepting orbits) and whole occiput, black ; thorax black
with metathorax except basally below, the postscutellum,
sides of scutellum and radices red ; abdomen red, with disc
of all the segments black, and the basal segment straight ;
legs red with anterior coxae and trochanters, the second and
third with apical third of the fourth and apical fourth of the
first hind tarsal joints, flavous ; remainder of hind tarsi,
their coxae, trochanters, extreme base of tibiae and disc of
femora, black ; length, 11 mm., $ only. Taken by Smith
on the Sierra de las Aguas Escondidas in Guerrero, at an
altitude of 9,500 feet during July. An analogous female,
though of 16 mm. with the hind metatarsi, scutellum and
postscutellum flavous throughout (which I will term postscu-
tellaris, var. nov.), was also found by him at Omilteme in
Guerrero, Mexico, at 8,000 feet during August.

3. Agrypon residuum, Cress.
Proc. Acad. Philad. 1873, p. 378, ?.
A single male, bearing a MS. name of Cameron in the British
Museum, differs from A. scelerosmn in a very few, but essential,
points. The antennae are more slender and as long as the
body, the temples behind the eyes are distinctly less buccate,
the mesonotum is entirely black with the head basally black
beneath, the scutellum is convex and not centrally impressed,
the basal segment is not reflexed but subinflexed apicalty,
the hind legs are entirely red with onlj^ the trochanters
infuscate ; and, moreover, the parallel nervure is emitted
so high from the first recurrent as to place the species in
Forster's subgenus Atrometus. I have no doubt it is the
male sex of Cresson's species, in spite of the mesonotal
colour. It was found by Godman at Orizaba during
December, 1887.

4. Agrypon flaviceps, Cam.
Trans. American Ent. Soc. xxxi, 1905, p. 379, $.
The type of this species, brought forward in " Descriptions
of New Species of Neotropical Hymenoptera," is in the British
Museum, from " Mexico." It is distinct from any of Cresson's
species thence, but I have not compared it with the northern
nearctic species.

96 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

5. Agrypon flavopictum, Ashm.
Trans. Ent. Soc. 1900, p. 271, (?.
Its length — really 8-10 mm. — is the only feature, except
colom-, contained in Ashmead's description and no comparison
is made with any of the fifty north American species of
Anomalon. In reality, Ashmead's male is worthy of generic
rank on account of the overlooked notauli which are extremely
deeply impressed and discally coalesced, of the peculiar
lateral reflection of the prothorax, of the very strong frontal
horn, exactly continuous basal with the lower basal nervure
and parallel with the median nervure, first recurrent with the
cubital and the subcontinuous disco -cubital with both the
external radial and external cubital, since the submarginal
nervure is so short as to be obsolete ; the nervures of the hind
wing are not complete to apex ; and on account of the very
strong transcarina before the base of the metanotum, with
its excavate petiolar area, flanked by strong apophyses.
The abdomen and legs are simple with hind tibiae basally
curved, and their inner calcaria fully half the length of the
not explanate metatarsus and about double the length of
the outer. Antennae hardly longer than half the body,
filiform and basally subattenuate. Only two or three <S<S,
from the Mount Gay estate on the Leeward side of Grenada,
are in the British Museum. The ? is still imkno\^Ti.

PARANIA, gen. nov.

Head posteriorly buccate, clypeus not discreted but apically
subacuminate and not reflexed, mandibular teeth unequal in
length and not slender ; eyes internally not or hardly emar-
ginate, apically convergent. Antennae slender, filiform and
shorter than body. Thorax rugose or mainly smooth ;
metathorax longitudinally sulcate and transcostate through-
out, with areae distinct and spiracles sublinear. Scutellum
circumcarinate. Abdomen petiolate and a little compressed,
with spiracles beyond centre of first segment. Legs slender
and not elongate, front tibiae unicalcarate, posterior bical-
carate ; claws subpectinate. Wings short and small, with
neither glabrous areae nor corneous marks ; second recurrent
emitted from cubital beyond submarginal nervure ; nervellus
entirely wanting.

I have already pointed out (Revis. Ichn. Brit. Mus, i,
p. 68) that Nototrachys is so naturally allied to Opkion through
Ophionopterus and Trachyopterus as scarcely to merit tribal
rank. Here I must repeat the same remark upon its

ANOMALIDES. 97

relationship with the Anomahdes through Pharsalia and the
present genus, which differs from it solely in its subacuminate
clypeus, somewhat more distinct area on metanotum,
bicalcarate intermediate tibiae and in the position of the
second recurrent nervure ; while superficially the resemblance
is remarkable. Were the order here adopted of the Anomalid
genera reversed, the natural sequence from Euryophion to
Podogaster and Metanomalon would pass imperceptibly through
the present and above-named genera. Close to Parania,
though certainly not synonymous with it, must be placed
Clatha, Cam. (Spolia Zeylanica 1905, p. 129), said to differ
from Agrypon in the apically obsolete nervures of the hind
wings ; only a unique and broken specimen of its single
species (C. longipes, Cam., I.e., p. 130) from Kandy in Ceylon,
is kno^^Ti.

I. Parania nototrachoides, Mori.
A dull ferrugineous species with the face, mouth parts,
orbits except vertically broadly, tegulae, anterior legs except
their rufescent femora, and base of both hind tibiae and tarsi
with their calcaria, conspicuously citrinous ; remainder of
hind tibiae, the antennae, scutellar region, hind trochanters
with their tarsal joints except basally and both centre and
apex of their tibiae, black. The metathorax is reticulate
with its centre distinctly bicarinate and apex strongly pro-
duced over the apically subintumescent first segment, the
second discally and anus are hardly infuscate. Wings hyaline,
with stigma narrow and piceous ; second recurrent uni-
fenestrate and emitted distinctly beyond the submarginal ;
cubital nervure exactly or almost exactly, continuous with
first recurrent, and the anal or parallel A^th the median;
lower basal nervure a little postfurcal ; nervellus entirely
wanting, and all nervures of hind wing apically obsolete.
Length 9-10 mm. c?only. In 1905, Mr. E. Dukinfield-Jones
presented ten males of this interesting insect to the British
Museum, which he had captured at Castro, Parana, in south
Brazil ; no female was taken, though I am strongly of the
opinion that a bodyless specimen found on 23rd September,
1887, little more than 200 miles away, at Theresopolis by
Friihstorfer, represents that sex.

HYMENOPHARSALIA, n. n.

Pharsalia, Cress., Trans. American Ent. Soc. 1872, p. 177.
I change Cresson's name for this genus here, because I am
loath to credit the synonymy of Ophio7iellus, W^estwood,

98 ICHNBUMONIDAE.

whose figure is anything but convincing, without any know-
ledge of the latter type. The name Pharsalia must fall (as
Schulz points out in Zool. Ann., iv, p. 22) to Thomson's genus
of that name.* Cresson makes no preference in associating
this genus with two others : " same form as Eiphosoma,
rather more slender and roughly sculptured as in Trachy-
notus " {l.c). Accordingly we find it grouped under their
Nototrachinae by Ashmead and Dalla Torre in 1900 ; and
erected into a distinct Ophionid subfamily, his Pharsaliinae,
by Szepligeti in Gen. Insect, in 1905. I* cannot accede to the
latter erection, since it is so closely related to Nototrachys
in the unicalcarate anterior and shortly bicalcarate {pace
Szepl.) hind tibiae, in the entire capital and antennal structure,
and venation. The last has hitherto been considered a point
of considerable importance but a careful comparison of such
nervures as exist in the present genus show them to be, by no
means "as in the family Braconidae" (Ashmead), but almost
exactly analogous with those of Nototrachys. The emission
of the wanting external median nervure is indicated below
that of the present external radial and the point of emission
of the second recurrent is shown by a distinct sinuation of
the internal median ; that the median should be wanting,
except immediately before the basal, is strange ; but the
only really abnormal nervure is that between the median
and posterior beyond the basal, which must be considered
a modification of the first recurrent nervure. I suspect
Cameron's species of " Ophiopterus " in Biol. Centr. Amer.
of belonging here on account of the short antennae, but he
appears to have studiously avoided all mention of neuration.

TABLE OF SPECIES.

(4)jl. Flagellum not white-banded, nor scape flavous throughout.
(3) "2. Eyes elongately pilose; antennae stout and at most one-third
length of body ; abdomen and hind legs broadly red.

1. texana. Cress.

(2) 3. Eyes shortly pilose ; antemiae slender and half length of body ;
abdomen and hind legs not red-marked. 2. mrginiensis, Cr.

(1)4. Flagellum broadly white-banded, scape flavous throughout.

3. mexicana, sp. n.

I. Hymenopharsalia texana, Cress.

Pharsalia texana. Cress., Trans. American Ent. Soc. 1872, p. 177, ?.
" One specimen. (Belfrage) ", writes Cresson I.e., November
1872. In the British Museum is a female from " Texas.

* Thomson, Systema Cerambycidarvun (1864), p. 85.

ANOMALIDES. 99

Purchased of Mr. Belfrage, per Mr. McLachlan ; November 1st,
1872." This I presume to be the type. With it I have
placed a second of the same sex from the Godman-Salvin
collection 1904, captured at Temax in northern Yucatan
by Gaumer.

2. Hymenopharsaiia virginiensis, Cress.

Pharsalia virginiensis, Cress., I.e., ^ ; P. albofacialis. Cam., Biol.
Centr. Amer. Hym. i, 1900, pi. xvii, fig. 15, ? ; cf. p. 473.

" In the collection of the American Entomological Society
there is another species belonging to this genus, from West
Virginia, which I have named P. virgmiensis . ... It is a
^," says Cresson. This male is possessed of a peculiar elongate
style and has the face pale centrally and apically black, whereas
in the ? it and the mouth are unicolorous stramineous, with
the terebra a little longer than the former. This species'
seems common about Teapa in Tabasco, Mexico, where
H. H. Smith captured the half dozen in the British Museum,
during January and March. The abdominal incisures are
rarely rufescent, as is instanced by an otherwise entirely
typical male, taken in 1905 as far south as Castro in Parana,
southern Brazil, by E. Dukinfield-Jones. I should have
been inclined to here entirely synonymise OphioneUus fmgilis,
Westw. (Thesaur. 1874, 128, pi. xxiv, fig. 3, ?) from the
Amazon and Brazil, in consideration of the above southern
capture, Avere it not that he gives the length at 10 lines, to
Cresson's " -50 inch," or 13 mm. only.

3. Hymenopharsaiia mexicana, sp. n.

A single ?, captured Avith the above H. virginiensis, at
Teapa in Mexico during March by Smith, must be con-
sidered distinct on account of its much stouter antennae
which are broadly white-banded at their centre and have the
scape and moiith entirely bright and pale orange ; the face
is immaculate black and the head very much broader than the
thorax. Type in the British Museum.

H 2

SUB-FAMILY OPHIONINAE.
TRIBE PANISCIDES.

A tribe of flavidous or rufescent Ophioninae, usually of
somewhat large size. Thorax nitidulous and never strongly
sculptured ; notauli distinct, but rai-ely deeply impressed ;
metathorax subdeclived throughout and not apically pro-
duced above hind coxae. Abdomen slender and not
deplanate ; basal segment elongate and subparallel-sided,
rarely subpetiolate or subsessile, with the spiracles always
before its centre and lateral sulci of vmique conformation
(termed by some modern authors glymmae) ; terebra shortly
exserted or subconcealed, <? valvulae large and strongly
exserted. Tarsal claws nearly always strongly pectinate ;
intermediate tibiae distinctly bicalcarate. Wings very ample ;
areolet very rarely wanting, usually triangular or obliquely
rhomboidal, vvath the nervures subentire (the external often
fenestrate below) and always coalescent above, emitting the
external abscissa of the radius in a strong curve, which
basally forms an acute angle with the internal abscissa
of radius and is exactly continuous with the inner nervure
of areolet ; stigma never broad nor triangular, often pale ;
nervellus intercepted above, very rarely at or below, its
centre. KnoA\Ti from remainder of the Ophioninae by
ha\'ing the external radius continuous at the base with the
inner submarginal nervure.

TABLE OF GENERA.

(8) 1. Cheeks and temples normal; scutelliim normal and basally

carinate on either side.
(7) 2. All the tarsi pectinate ; areolet entire or nearly so.

(6) 3. Spiracles of basal segment distinctly before centre; ai-eolet

triangular.
(5) 4. Lower much further from base than upper basal nervure.

PANISCUS, Grav.
(4) 5. Basal nervure continuous tlu'ough median nervure.

PARABATUS, Thoms.
(3) 6. Spiracles of basal segment central ; areolet quadrate.

TETRAGONAL YS, Mori., gen. no v.

102 ICHNEUMONIDAE. ^ ^

(2) 7. Tai-si simple ; areolet wanting ; petiolar spiracjes centraj.

PARCA, MorT^, gen. nov.
( 1 ) 8. Cheeks and temples buccate ; scutellum convey and not
carinate.

(10) 9. Claws strongly pectinate; petiole with no membrane.

OPHELTES, Hobngr.

(9) 10. Claws simple ; petiolar membrane laterally explanate.

WESTWOODIA, BruUe.

PANISCUS, Gravenhorst.

Ichn. Europ. iii, 1829, 622.*
" A genus extensively distributed over the globe, but not
containing many species," writes Cameron in 1886 (Biol.
Centr. Amer. 302) ; but since that time the known species
have been greatly augmented and the present enumeration
will show how many we may yet expect when this family of
insects is better worked. Subgenera will doubtless ere long
be erected to somewhat relieve the number now to be con-
sidered xinder this name ; and these will find good foundation
upon such features as the complete metathoracic transcarina
of certain Australian and South American species, such as
P. diver sus, etc. The Braconid genus Xiphozele seems to
be a freak of Paniscus in its single species, X.com'pressiventris,
Cam., from Sikkim, of which the type is in the British Museum,
and I have seen a second female, taken by Mr. Comber at
Gairiappa on 8th June, 1907. There is no need to refer here
to the extremely interesting economy of this genus, so well
observed by Greorge Newport, Prof. Poulton, Miss Kingsford,
Adler and others.

TABLE OF AMERICAN SPECIES.
(44) 1. Scutellum and abdomen not black.
(3) 2. Head, thorax and anterior legs pale stramineous.

1. semirufus, Holmgr.
(2) 3. Whole body subunicolorous testaceous.
(25) 4. Ocellar region not or rarely infuscate ; mesopleurae dull and
closely punctate.

* Modem authors ascribe tliis genus to Schrank. Holmgren,
Kirchner, Forster, Brischke, Thomson and Ashmead, however,
all consider it originated with Gravenhorst. I can discover no
earUer mention of Schrank as its author than Marshall's reference
in his 1872 Catalogue of British Hymenoptera, p. 53 " Schr. F. B.
ii, 311, note (1802)"; and Dalla Torre in 1901, followed by
Schmiedeknecht, gives " Schrank, Fauna Boica IT. P. 2, 1802,
p. 316." At a recent suggestion from Herr Pfankuch, I have searched
both these and other pages of Schrank's work in vain for Paniscvs.

PANISCIDES. 103

/
(24) 5. Head and thorax not white marked.
(9) 6. Nervellus nearly as far from basal nervure as it is long.
(8) 7. Rufescent-flavoas ; length 22 ram. 2. hraailiensis, Szepl.

(7) 8. Stramineous-testaceous; length about 17 mm.

3. geminatus. Say. *■

(6) 9. Nervellas but slightly postf ureal.

(11) 10. Median nervure apically curved ; metanotal carina entire.

4. gerlingi, Schrot.

(10) 11. Median nervure not curved; metanotal apophyses alone

prominent.
(23) 12. Metanotum trans-,sculptured or glabrous.

(18) 13. Ramellus wanting or at most pmictiform ; body and stigma

testaceous.

(15) 14. Temples as broad as eyes; anteimae shorter than body;

ocelli far apart. 5. nodulosns, sp. n.

(14) 15. Temples narrower than eyes; antennae as long as body;

ocelli approximate.
(17) 16. Smaller; head posteriorly narrow ; body fulvous.

6. opaculus, Thoms. ^

(16) 17. Larger; head posteriorly broader ; body dark testaceous.

7. ruftis, Brulle.

(13) 18. Ramellus short but distinct ; body and stigma usually fer-

rugineous.
(22) 19. Ocelli contiguous with the eyes ; stigma ferrugineous.
(21) 20. Metanotmn dull and strongly transaciculate ; length 20 mm.

8. ignotus, sp. n.

(20) 21. Metanotum smooth with no carinae ; length 12 mm.

9. medius, Ashm.

(19) 22. Ocelli not contiguous with eyes ; stigma flavo us.

10. alaskenais, Ashm. ]

(12) 23. Metanotum evenly and subrugosely coriaceous, not trans -

sculptured. 11. immac«Za<ws, sp. n. '

(5) 24. Head and thorax clear white-marked ; ocelli not approximate.

12. albovariegatus. Pro v.

(4) 25. Ocellar region nigrescent or black ; meso pleurae usually
nitidulous and subglabrous.
(27) 26. Hind tarsi clear white-marked ; ocelli closely approximate.

13. albotarsvs. Pro v.
(26) 27. Hind tarsi not at all white-marked.
(35) 28. Meso pleurae closely pimctate and dull.
(32) 29. Flagellum testaceous ; wings entirely hyaline.
(31) 30. Head posteriorly very narrow ; abdomen all testaceous.

14. testaceus, Grav.

(30) 31. Head distinctly a little explanate posteriorly ; abdomen often
basally infuscate. \5. suhfvscus,Cve%s.

(29) 32. Flagellum piceous or black ; wings distinctly infumate
throughout.

104 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

(34) 33. Stigma testaceous ; length 15 mm. Hi. tinctipennis. Cam.

(33) 34. Stigma piceous ; length 18-25 mm. 11. diversiis, Szepl.

(28) 35. Mesopleiu-ae glabrous and shining.

(39) 36. Stigma black.

(38) 37. Mesonotum testaceous ; alar apices strongly infumate.

18. fiiscipennis, Szepl.

(37) 38. Mesonotum black ; wings hyaline. \9. melanostigma. Cam.

(36) 39. Stigma and thorax not black, nor alar apices clouded.
(43) 40. Abdomen unicolorous ; mesopleurae almost entirely glabrous.
(42) 4l. Head strongly constricted posteriorly ; stigma dark-margined.

20. liopleuris, Sz6pl.
(41) 42. Head posteriorly broader ; stigma unicolorous.

21. texanus, Ashm.

(40) 43. Anus black ; mesopleurae distinctly punctate.

22. lucidulus, Szepl.
(1) 44. Scutellum and abdomen, antennae and head, black.

23. lugubris, Spin.

I. Paniscus semirufus, Holmgr,

Eugenies Resa, Insect. 1868, p. 412.
The description is very short and apparently inadequate,
excepting that no other South American species is pale
stramineous with only the abdomen, thoracic vittae and
hind femora rufescent. Length, 14 mm. Holmgren com-
pares it with the Pacific P. latro and remarks that here the
distance between the base of the internal cubital nervure
and apex of the internal recurrent is much shorter. He
found it at Rio Janeiro, and indicates no sex.

2. Paniscus brasiliensis, Szepl.

Ann. Miis. Hmigr. 1906, p. 155, ^.

Szepligeti gives a good description of this testaceous male

with black flagellum and nervures, hyaline wings with their

flavidous-bro^vn stigma. It is 22 mm. in length, and was

found at Villa Bella in Brazil.

3. Paniscus geminatus, Say.

This name is an enigma to me, since the American sys-
teraatists seem to have forgotten to redescribe it (c/. Proc.
U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890, p. 425) and I expect it to prove synony-
mous with some common palaearctic insect. It was brought
forward from Indiana as dull yellowish with the head and

PANISCIDES. 106

scape yellow, flagellum tinged with brown, wings hyaline
with " honey-yellow somewhat dilated carpal spot " (stigma),
pleurae and sternum pale yellowish : the structural details
are useless. All this agrees perfectly with specimens named
by Prof. Riley, and sent from Denver by him to the Rev.
T, A. Marshall, but the length is stated to be only about
two-fifths of an inch and the vertex bears a black spot,
which is not the case in Riley's insects, for these are entirely
very pale testaceous and substramineous with the head as
broad posteriorly as in P. cephalotes (of which it appears to me
to be but a pale form) with the vertex and glymmae imma-
culate, and the metathoracic cristulae transversely linear ;
the stigma, as described in Leconte's Writings of Thomas
Say, Entom. i, 1859, 379, is paler than in other American
species. Riley's specimens are nearly 18 mm. in length
and doubtless represent the larger form referred to by Norton
(Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. i, 1863, p. 364), of which the smaller,
" length 0.48, br. A\dngs 0.72 in.", very possibly represented
P, opaculus, though I have seen no specimens from so far
north as New England, New York, New Jersey, Pa., Del.,
Md., Va., 111., Cal., from which American States and Canada
he records it. Further south, it is no more rare, for Cresson
terms it " very common " in Mexico, though more than one
species may be included since he remarks wpon the vary-
ing size of 10-18 mm. (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1873,
p. 382). In 1883, M. I'Abbe L. Provancher (Petite Faune
Ent. du Canada ii, 360) synonymises his P. appendiculatus
(Natural. Canad. vi, 1874, p. 105) with this species, a wing
of which is badly represented at fig. 39, and differentiates
it by its elongate ramellus^ — a feature utterly lacking in Riley's
examples, though considered good by Ashmead (Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus. 1890, p. 425), Cameron misrepresents the species
in Biol. Centr. Amer. 1886, and no one has since mentioned
it. The figure in Biologia, pi. xiii, fig 5, represents a large
ferrugineous Paniscus with concolorous stigma indifferently
well, though the antennae are too slender and the disco-
cubital nervure too straight ; the original of it is in the
British Museum and certainlj^ belongs to the only species
I know with distinct ramellus, to which Say makes no refer-
ence while considering the colour pale, Brulle's " nervure
moyenne offre une petite saillie dans son milieu " in P. rufus
and it is probably the frequent s^nionymy between this
and P. geminatus which has caused a ramellus to be assigned
to the latter, I have seen no example of P. geminatus, as
understood by Riley, south of Mexico ; the British Museum
has specimens from Ithaca taken on 5th September, 1892,

106 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

and 19th July, 1895 ; Canandaigua in New York on 27th Jul3^
1897 ; Denver in 1888 (Riley in coll. MarshaU) ; Marinlo in
California (H. Edwards, 1884) ; and several from La Venta,
Amula and Xucumanatlan in Guerrero, Mexico, varying from
300 feet in September to 7,000 feet in July (H. H. Smith).
I entirely concur with Norton (Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad, 1863,
p. 364) that Ophion chloris, Olivier, " d'une couleur testacee
pale" (Encycl. Meth. viii, 1811, 509), found in north America,
is with but little doubt synonymous with the present species
but the last fifty years has not advanced this probability.

4. Paniscus gerlingi, Schrottky.

Anales del Miaseo Nacional de Buenos Aires viii, 1902, p. 91, ^.

Yellow-ochre ; head pale yellow with the mandibles
apically black ; antennae somewhat darker than the body
with the third joint shorter than the fourth and fifth together,
but much longer than the former alone ; notauli distinctly
impressed ; metathorax feebly transrugose, with a distinct
carina beyond its centre ; basal segment a little longer than
the second ; legs and tarsi concolorous with the body : alar
nervures dark piceous ; stigma yellow-ochre ; length, 13 mm.
and expanse 12 mm. The antennal conformation is said to
be as in P. geminatus, Say (which Schrottky synonjanises with
P. rufus, Brulle) ; but the submedian cell is shorter. The
type, taken at the General Paz Lake in the Chubut district
of Patagonia — or, more correctly, Chile — during March, 1902,
is in the author's collection. There is little that is distinctive
in this description, yet I have no hesitation in ascribing to
it eight Chilian specimens in the British Museum on account
of their peculiarly pale testaceous coloration, fiavidous head
and yellow-ochre stigma ; they agree in the other points
instanced, have the ocelli contiguous with the eyes but
broadly discreted inter se with no black region, the legs are
equally pale and the temples somewhat broad ; but the
peculiar feature given by Schrottky is the complete meta-
thoracic carina, extending not only from side to side but also
apically to the hind coxae, beyond which the petiolar area
is nitidulous ; and one, that he has overlooked, though
peculiar to this species in my experience, is the strong curve
taken by the median nervure beyond the nervulus. These
are all from Chile : three females taken by T. Edmonds,
four males near Santiago by Bartlett Calvert, and another
found by Dr. Coppinger, during the Voyage of H.M.S. " Alert "
in September, 1879, at Taicatuano on the coast.

PANISCIDES.

107

5. Paniscus nodulosus, sp. n.
Related in its general structure and immaculate vertex
to P. rufus, but with the abdomen of both sexes somewhat
conspicuously dilated bej^ond its centre, the coloration much
more flavidous and especially that of the head and thorax,
which renders relationship with Holmgren's mainland species
not improbable. The antennae of both sexes are no longer
than three-quarters of the body, a little stouter than is usual
in this genus with apices of the joints stronglyl and con-
spicuously nodulose. The ocelli are contiguous with the
eyes, but widely discreted inter se, with no black region.
The nervulus is not strongly postfurcal, the stigma is flavidous
and the subpetiolate areolet somewhat broad ; length,
15-18 mm. Tlii'ee specimens, comprising both sexes, were
taken by Col. A. M. Reid on East Island in the Falklands
between November, 1908, and the following February; and
he also took another male, about the same time, at HiU
Cove in the West Falklands.

6. Paniscus testaceus, Grav., var. opaculus, Thorns.

Opxasc. Ent. XII, 1888, 1199. $.
Szepligeti introduces Thomson's species as neotropic (Ann.
Mus. Hungr. 1906, p. 155) on the strength of a <? found at
Mapiri in BoHvia, which differed but slightly from European
examples. Some forty specimens, taken by H. H. Smith
in Central America do not differ in any way, unless the head
be extremely slightlv broader posteriorly ; these are from
various localities at altitudes of 2,800-8,000 feet in Guerrero
in June, July, August and October, from Atoyac in Vera
Cruz in April, and from Teapa in Tabasco during March.

7. Paniscus rufus, Brulle.
Hist. Nat. Hym. iv, 184G, 155.
Ashmead seems inconsistent in assigning to P. geminatus a
ramellus, and naming as P. rufus specimens with none ; but
I do not know that he considered the two synonymous. I
consider P. rufus to be a somewhat large and slender species
with the head neither strongly constricted nor explanate
posteriorly, the ramellus minute though present and the
whole colour including that of the stigma deep testaceous-
red ; the antennae are red : those examples with them only
basally red and " noires dans le reste de leur etendue " are
probably referable to P. tinctipennis. Its author says this
species has been taken in Mexico by Mme. Salle (a ? specimen.

108 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

taken by her at Orizaba, is in the British Museum), Brazil,
Guinea, Chile, North America and Cuba ; though Cresson
(Pi-oe. Ent. Soc. Philad. 1865, p. 57) did not know it. 1
suspect more than one species is here included, especially
since my restricted form of BruUe's species appears almost
confined to Mexico, where it abounds, and I have seen over
sixty examples taken at Omilteme in 1887, Patzcuaro, Sierra
de las Aguas Escondidas, Xucumanatlan, Amula, Teapa,
Mexico City, Jalapa, etc., Marshall (Ann. Soc. France, 1892,
p. 65) considered it somewhat variable, " mais non susceptible
de division." The only United States examples I have seen
are three females presented in 1839 and 1843 by Edward
Doubleday, who found them at Trenton Falls, New York.

8. Paniscus ignotus, sp. n.

This species has been figured by Cameron (Biol. Centr,
Amer. Hym., i, 1886, pi. xiii, fig. 5, S), and, along with speci-
mens referable to P. rufus, Brulle, has been wi'ongly identified
by him {I.e. p. 302) as Paniscus geminatus, Say. It is instantly
known from P. rufus in its darker coloration, the ferrugineous
stigma and more strongly curved nervulus, but especially
in the strong and linear ramellus ; length 20-21 mm.
Cameron had seen a single male from the Volcan de Chiriqui,
found by Champion at an altitude of 2-3,000 feet and now
in the British Museum ; this is the type of my species. With
it are two females from Peru (Rosenberg, 1906), and Colonia
Tovar in March, 1888 (coll. T. A. Marshall).

g. Paniscus medius, Ashm.
Proc. Calif. Acad. Sc. 1894, p. 128, ?.
I should have been tempted to regard this unique female
from San Esleban in Lower California as a small form of
P. ignotus (though its colour, " brownish-yellow," is a little
ambiguous to an English mind) on accoimt of its distinct
ramellus, were it not that the " thorax is smooth, trilobed ;
metanotum smooth, without a vestige of carinae," whereas
in my species it is, though also trilobed, closely sculptured
throughout.

ID. Paniscus alaskensis, Ashm.

Troc. Washington Acad. Sc. 1902, p. 237, 3-
This is the only species of the genus found by the Harriman
Alaska Expedition, the Hymenoptera of which were des-
cribed by Ashmead, I.e. pp. 117-274. We must suppose it to

PANISCIDES. 109

possess a ramellus since " the venation is as in P. gemi-
7mtus," to which Ashmead consistently accords this adjunct.
It appears distinct in its discreted lateral ocelli, "stigma
yellow," abdomen and thorax " honey -yellow " ; on the
latter " the apical transverse carina is indicated only laterally,
being wholly obliterated medially, the surface of the meta-
notum before it being very finely, transversely aciculate,
behind it polished and impunctate." Five males were
procured early in July at Kukak Bay.

II. Paniscus immaculatus, sp. n.
Extremely like the species I here term P. rufus, and im
maculate deep red throughout with the orbits hardly paler
and only the eyes black ; therefrom it differs in its more
prominent eyes, smaller and narrower stigma, less explanate
apex of the costa, straighter base and apex of the radial
nervure, more perfectly hyaline and less ample wings, ner-
vellus intercepted at upper fourth in place of the upper
third, scutellum less convex and basally narrower, face less
convex and exactly parallel-sided in place of slightly con-
stricted towards its apex ; but especially in the coriaceous
metanotum, which bears smaller apophyses and is not or
hardly at all transaciculate. The stigma is clear testaceous.
Length 17-19 mm. There are four ?? of this species
in the British Museum, from the United States, all taken
before 1850.

12. Paniscus albovariegatus, Prov.
13. Paniscus albotarsus, Prov.

Natural. Canad. 1874, p. lOG.
These two Canadian species differ from all the remainder
of the genus in their pure white coloration : in the latter
of the hind tarsi and face, and in the former in both capital
and thoracic markings. They appear somewhat untypical
and Ashmead thought the male of the former to be a new
Tryphonid, Perilissus paniscoides (Trans. American Ent.
Soc. 1896, p. 197). Both are unknown to me.

15. Paniscus subfuscus, Oresson.

Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 1865, p. 57, ?.
There is no single distinctive character in Cresson's diag-
nosis—a good example of the inutility of detailed and

110 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

uncritical descriptions in these closely allied species — and I
must own that the specimens I place here owe their position
to their main locality, the West Indian Islands. One can
say no more than that they agree with the above-quoted
description ! Both sexes are extremely closely allied to
P. rufus and were doubtless mixed with it by Brulle, but
they may be known by their constantly black ocellar region
and rather longer antennae, but especially by the distinctly
broader temples. The British Museum contains examples
from Trinidad (Beaven Rake), Bay Mount in Barbados on
2nd October, 1902 (Lefroy), Balthazar on Windward side of
Grenada (H. H. Smith) and five, labelled " Paniscus rufus,
Br." by Ashmead, presented by the West Indies Exploration
Committee in 1899. From these I quite fail to distinguish
half a dozen of the examples captured by Godman and Smith
in Mexico at Orizaba, Teapa in Tabasco, Jalapa and Omilteme
in July and December, 1887. An exactly similar ancient
male, also in the British Museum, is, doubtless incorrectly,
labelled " Nova Scotia : Redman."

i6. Paniscus tinctipennis, Cam.
Biol. Centr. Amer. 1886, p. 303, ?.
Cameron gives a rambling description of little but colour,
from which one gathers that the type, captured by Champion
at 2-3,000 feet on Chiriqui in Panama and now lost, was very
closely allied to the next species in its infumate wings, etc.,
but with the stigma testaceous ; and that it had a total
length of at most 20 mm. The British Museum possesses a
dozen examples from Guerrero, and it is easily known by the
black flagellum, stout outline, distinctly broad vertex and
clear testaceous stigma.

17. Paniscus diversus, Szepl.

Ann. Mus. Hungr. 1906, p. 155, ^ ?.
A large testaceous species of 25 mm., with the ocellar region
black, the flagellum piceous, and the wings infumate, apically
darker with bown stigma. Similar to P. braziliensis but
with no alar ramellus, the nervulus less postfurcal, etc. The
type occurred at Merida in Venezuela ; and the only female
I have seen is remarkable for the entirely transbicarinate
metathorax and elongate ramellus ; it was captured by
Smith at Xucumanatlan in Guerrero at an altitude of 7,000
feet during July.

PANISCIDES. Ill

i8. Paniscus fuscipennis, Szepl.

Ann. Mus. Hungr. 190(5, p. 156, ^ ; P. szepligetii, Schulz, Berl. Ent.
Zeits. 1907, p. 323.

A conspicuous species of 17 mm., with the stigma, nervures,
flagellum and ocellar region black, the wings infumate and
apically darker. It Avas found at Malpiri in Boli\aa, and has
been termed P. szepligetii by Schulz ; but there is no need
to adopt the latter name, since we know Paniscus fuscipennis,
Grav. to belong to the genus Opheltes, Holmgr. Both sexes,
in the British Museum, were found by H. H. Smith at Amula
in Guerrero at an altitude of 6,000 feet during August and
September. I doubt its distinction from the last species.

19. Paniscus melanostigma, Cam.

Biol. Centr. Amer. 1886, 303, ?.
The only species from this region with the mesonotum
black ; the stigma is concolorous and the wings hyaline,
which distinguishes it from the last species. Taken with
P. tinctipennis on Chiriqui and, like it, the type is now lost.
P. nigripectus, Ashm. (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1889, p. 425)
is obviously synonymous and the single Texan female knowTi
differs only in also having the mesostemum black- — thus
reminding one forcibly of the antipodean P. ephippiatus.

20. Paniscus liopleuris, Szepl.

22. Paniscus lucidulus, Szepl.
Aixn. Mas. Hungr. 1906, p. 156.
From their author's short diagnoses of these sexes, from
Malpiri and Bolivia, they scarcely appear distinct species
to me ; but the $ is 15 mm. and the ? only 10 mm. in length.
The females of P. liopleuris, in the British Museum, were
captured by H. H. Smith at Omilteme at 8,000 feet and
Acaguizotla at 3,500 feet in Guerrero, and at Teapa in
Tabasco.

21. Paniscus texanus, Ashm.
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1889, p. 425, ?.
Very distinct in its glabrous mesonotum and small size,
in its subcubical head and short second segment, which is
only half as long as the discally sulcate first. I do not under-
stand Ashmead, " the submedian cell is as long or slightly

112 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

longer than the median cell, the length of the transverse
median nervure " ; if used in the sense of Marshall's cellules
" costale et mediane " (Braconides d'Europe, i, pi. i), this
structure would render the species a Parabatus. This, how-
ever, does not seem to be intended, since a female Paniscus
in the British Museum, from the coast of Maine, taken by
R. E. Danfurth, agrees in every other particular with its
description.

Among examples of P. Uopleuris taken by H. H. Smith in
Guerrero, three from Tepetlapa at 3,000 feet in October,
and from Amula at 6,000 feet in September, differ materially
in having the vertex by no means narrow, the head posteriorly
neai'ly as broad as the eyes, the areolet a little broader and
not at all petiolate, the size averaging smaller and the con-
formation less robust, with the stigma imicolorous pale grey
and not " schwarz gerandet." These three examples differ
from P. texanus in no way.

2;^. Paniscus lugubris, Spin.

Gay, Hist. fis. Chile, Zool. vi, 1851, p. 513, ?.
This female certainly belongs to some Campoplegid genus,
but is treated of here for lack of a better position ; Spinola
himself thought Gravenhorst would probably have placed it
in Macrus. It is described in Spanish : Head black, with the
mandibles and palpi whitish. Antennae slender and filiform,
black and not apically curled, hardly reaching apex of basal
segment. Thorax finely punctate and pubescent ; meta-
thorax elongate, slightly convex with its disc on one plane
and its apex gently declived, bisected a little above its centre
by a weak transcarina, before which it is smoother and
centrally broadly impressed. Scutellum and abdomen black,
with second segment flavidous beneath ; basal segment
linear, apically slightly explanate ; second and the following
segments strongly compressed, with the accidentally vertical
terebra about one mm. in length. Legs slender Avith the
tarsi of normal breadth, and rufescent with the hind coxae
and trochanters, tarsi and their tibial apices black. Wings
hyaline with stigma and nervures black, tegulae whitish ;
areolet small, rhomboidal and elongately petiolate. Length,
9 mm. $ only. Chile.

TABLE OF AFRICAN SPECIES.
(8) 1. Stigma black, or, at least, distinctly nigrescent.
(5) 2. Abdomen nearly entirely black throughout.
(4) 3. Whole abdomen nitidulous and entirely deep black.

1. errans, Tosq.

PANISCIDES. 113

(3) 4. Abdomen black with its sides and first segment pale.

2. planipes, Tosq.
(2 ) 5. Abdomen at most black only at base or apex.
(7) 6. Thorax slender and black ; abdomen apically testaceous.

3. insulicola, sp. n.
(6) 7. Thorax stout and testaceous ; abdomen apically black.

4. madeirensis, sp. n.
( 1 ) 8. Stigma pale, and never darker than brick-red.
{10) 9. Abdomen apically and laterally infuscate ; external sub-
marginal nervure produced. 5. melanocotis, Holmgr.
(9) 10. Abdomen unicolorous testaceous ; submarginal not produced.
<12) 11. Thorax broadly white-marked. G. elegatis, Szepl.
(11) 12. Thorax subuiiicolorous testaceous.
(16).. 13. Occiput not discreted from vertex by a carina.
(15) 14. Ocellar region pale; lower basal nervure elongately post-
fiu-cal. 7. ocellaris, Szepl.
(14) 1.5. Ocellar region black ; lower basal shortly postfurcal.

8. parviilus, Szepl.
(13) 16. Occiput discreted from vertex by a carina.
(26) 17. Xervulus (lower basal nervure) subobliqvie and curved above.

(19) 18. Temples hardly narrower than eyes ; abdomen stout.

9. cephalotes, Holmgr.
(18) 19. Temples distinctly narrower than eyes ; abdomen slender.

(23) 20. Stigma clear red ; wings slightly flavescent ; larger.

(22) 21. Head narrower than thorax ; temples strongly romided
posteriorly. 10. ru.fescens, Tosq.

(21) 22. Head as broad as thorax ; temples parallel-sided.

11. pcrforatus, Schulz.

(20) 23. Stigma pale testaceous ; wmgs quite hyaline ; smaller.
(25) 24. 3Ietathoracic cristiilae distinct ; basal segment simple.

12. testaceus, Grav.

(24) 2.5. Metathoracic cristulae wanting ; basal segment transiinpressed

before its centre. 1 3. perforator. Smith.

(17) 26. Xervulus vertical and straight throughout.

14. aethiopicus, Szepl.

I. Paniscus errans, Tosq.

Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1896, p. 402, ?.
Tosquinet seems to have kno\\'n but a single large female
of 22 mm. of this distinct species, from " Hadda G-alla. Dainbi
(Antinori, 4 mai, 1829, Musee civique de Genes)," probabty
Gallaland in southern Abyssinia. It is easily recognised by
the entirely deep black abdomen, of Avhich the basal segment is
never, like the head and thorax, testaceous ; the flagellum
is entirely black or only apically piceous, with the hind femora
and tibiae occasionally nigrescent ; the temples are by no

I

114

ICHNEUMONIDAE.

means inconspicuous, though narrower than the eyes ; the'
areolet is small and narrow, the stigma always dark ferru-
gineous or nigrescent, nervellus intercepted distinctly a little
above its centre ; scutellum laterally margined to its' extreme-
apex ; thorax dull and clear red with notauli deeply impressed
to its disc ; abdomen peculiarly nitidulous with recumbent
pubescence, its terebra nearly as long as the basal segment
with valvulae black and apically attenuate. There is a second
female of 20 mm., with hind legs mainly black, in the British
Museum, presented in 1895 by G. F. Scott Elliot, who captured
it at an altitude of 7-8,000 feet on Moimt Ruwenzori, Uganda ;
Neave also found a single female in British East Africa, on the
basal eastern slope of the Aberdare Mountains between 7,000
and 8,500 feet, towards the end of February, 1911.

2. Paniscus planipes, Tosq.

Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1896, p. 404, ? ; P. seminiger, Szepl., Sjostedt's-
Kilimandjaro-Meru Expedition 1910, p. 90, ^.

Fulvous, stout, dull and finely punctate ; head nitidulous,
as long as broad, not or hardly constricted posteriorly, wdth
the ocellar region black ; face subquadrate, centrally broadly
and somewhat strongly convex ; ocelli distinctly discreted
from the eyes ; antennae very long, slender, infuscate with
the scape and underside of the basal joints red ; thorax dull,
with notauli somewhat deeply impressed and their interlobes
subinfuscate ; metathorax distinctly trans -striate, with the
cristulae small ; scutellum elongate, convex, pale luteous.
laterally margined and apically truncate ; abdomen, except
laterally and the basal segment, infuscate ; terebra one-sixth
the length of the body, dull red with valvulae pale-infuscate
and apically nigrescent ; wings very large and slightly
flavescent ; stigma dark red, with a hyaline basal spot ;
areolet narrow, rhomboidal and subsessile ; nervellus inter-
cepted in or slightly above its centre. The ?, of 25 mm.,
was described from Italian Somaliland in July. Several of
the same sex, of but 17-20 mm., in the British Museum, were
taken in British East Africa and presented in 1900 by C. S.
Betton ; at least one of these occurred at the Athi River during,
the preceding May ; and all have the nervellus intercepted a
little above its centre. Szepligeti's P. seminiger differs only
in the nervulus being further postfurcal and certainly consti-
tutes the other sex of P. planipes, from which I find nothing
whatever in Cameron's description of his P. melanogaster from
near Cape Town (Ann. S. African Museum 1906, p. 101, (?) to
distinguish it, except possibly the black scutellar carinae.

PANISCIDES. 115

3. Paniscus insulicola, sp. n.
There is a series of two males and three females, captured
by Wollaston in St. Helena, in the British Museum. These
are unique in the present genus — excepting an Australian
species — in their entirely black thorax. The antennae, coxae,
vertex, occiput and femora are also black ; the basal segment,
or segments, and stigma are nigrescent, with remainder of
the insect ferrugineous ; the mouth and venter alone are
fuhadous ; the head is posteriorly very narrow, the notauli
deeply impressed, the scutellum laterally margined throughout
and the metathorax is dull and very closely trans-aciculate,
with minute but distinct cristulae ; the terebra is nearly as
long as the basal segment and the female antennae a little
shorter than the body ; length, 16-18 mm. Doubtless a local
race of P. testaceus, Grav., but much darker and duller with,
the sculpture closer throughout. For an account of the
affinity of the St. Helena fauna with that of Europe, cf.
Buchanan White (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 444), " Contribu-
tions to a Knowledge of the Hemipterous Fauna of St. Helena,
and Speculations on its Origin."

4. Paniscus madeirensis, sp. n.

Allied in coloration to P. testaceus, Holmgr. {nee Grav. ;
=melanurus, Thoms.) in its metathoracic structure, margined
scutellum, testaceous body and determinately black anus
from base of the fifth segment ; but with the antennae shorter
and subinfuscate, costa and stigma deep black and head
slightly broader behind the eyes. The lower basal nervure
is but a little postfurcal, the'areolet is always broader and
emits at least a short nervure from its external centre and the
ramellus is often strong. Two pairs, in the British Museum,
were captured in Maderia by Wollaston.

5. Paniscus melanocotis, Holmgr.

Eugenies Resa. Insect. 1868, p. 411, $.
I have seen no African female Panisci combining infuscate
anus (as described by Holmgren from Mauritius) with the
stigma dull fulvous and its lower mai-gin pale (as given by
Tosquinet, Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1896, p. 407, from Cape
Colony). Cameron appears to have mingled more than one
species imder this name, which he erroneously ascribes (Ann.
S. Afr. Mus. 1906, p. 101) to Brulle, whose P. melanopus is
very probably sjnionymous, though the stigma is said to be

I 2

116 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

•darker, not paler, at its external margin. Smith tells us (Ann.
Nat. Hist. 1876, xvii, p. 449) that both stigma and nervm'es
are black, which can hardly be the case. The S is still
TinknoHTi.

6. Paniscus elegans, Szepl.

Annales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 1905, p. 540, $.
This Tunisian species seems to differ from P. brachycerus,
Thorns., mainly in its white-marked thorax.

7. Paniscus ocellaris, Szepl.

Sjostedt's Kilimand. Exped. 11, 1910, 89, ? (nee Thorns.)
Very like P. testaceus, var. opacddus, Thoms., but with the
head distinctly broader posteriorly and the stigma paler,
subflavidous. Guy Marshall took the o at Victoria Falls in
Rhodesia during September, 1905 ; and it has a wide distri-
bution, for Dr. Krauss found it in Natal about 1840, the Hon.
W. Rothschild in Algiers Town in May, 1908, and both
Wollaston and Mrs. Hope took it in Madeira. I have seen
nothing like P. parvulus, Szepl. {I.e.), which differs from his
P. ocellaris in its black ocellar region, with the nervulus less
postfurcal and only a third in place of a half its oa\ti length
from the upper basal nervure.

9. Paniscus cephalotes, Holmgr.
Sv. Ak. Handl. 1858, P. viii, p. 31, cj ?.
The African representatives of this common north European
species are all from the Azores, and it probably does not extend
to the Continent. They are imtypical in their stout basal
segment, deeply impressed segmental incisures and not very
broad temples. Major Chaves of the Ponta Delgada Museum,
presented both sexes, probably found on San Miguel, and
there is a very stout pair taken " above Magdalina on the
Pico volcano at an altitude of one thousand feet on 17th May,
1903," and " above Cais do Pico at the same height on 21st of
May," by W. R. 0. Grant.

10. Paniscus rufescens, Tosq.

Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1896, p. 409, 3 ?.

Fulvous and very finely punctate ; head fiavous and

jDosteriorly narrow Avith the ocellar region infuscate ; face

quadrate, centrally fulvous and strongly convex ; ocelli

distinctly discreted from eyes ; antennae very slender and as

PANISCIDES. 117

long as the body, fulvous and apicalh' subinfuscate ; notauli
not deeply impressed ; metathorax finelj^ trans -striate, Avith
the lateral cristulae small ; scutellum elongate, narrow,
convex and laterally margined ; abdomen immaculate fulvous ;
terebra one-sixth of the length of the body, badious with
black valvulae ; Mings very large, verj^ slighly flavescent
A\ith the stigma clear red ; areolet small, irregular and hardly
petiolate ; nervellus intercepted above its centre. Length
13 mm, in both sexes, which are recorded only from Morocco
by Tosquinet and the North of German East Africa by
Szepligeti, who differentiates it (Kilimand. Exped. 89) from
his P. ocellaris and P. parvulus by its margined occiput. The
five females in the British Museum are 17-19 mm. in length
and were taken in different localities by C. S. Betton at Lari
in August, 1899, bv Dr. W. M. Graham at Obuasi in Ashanti
in 1908, by Dr. Sladden at Cyrene in Tripoli on 30th October,
1910, and by Gueinzius of Leipsic at Port Natal (Durban) in
1849. Panisctis capensis, Holmgr. (Eugenics Insect. 1868,
p. 412, (J ?) is very possibly sjnionymous, but the description
is too short to allow of certainty in this respect : I tentatively
place, as representing it, a couple of ?? from the Transvaal
and Nairobi in May, 1899, which differ from P. rufescens only
in their infuscate-ferrugineous stigma and in their darker
rufescent body.

II. Paniscus perforatus, Schulz,

Bucheckerius perforatus, Schulz, Spolia Hjan. 1906, p. 285, i^.
The unique example constituting the type of this species
and of the genus Bucheckerius is a male, captured by L. Conradt
at Sa. Isabel in Fernando Po, on 1st Maj-, 1900, and acquired
by the British Museum in 1908 ; there is in the Museum also,
another (J, taken on the Congo in 1843 hj Andrew Curror,
M.D., R.N. It is difficult to conceive of a writer upon Ich-
neumonidae being ignorant of the genus Paniscus, yet so far
from Bucheckerius presenting different generic characters
it is with some hesitation that I distinguish the type (to
which more than seven pages of " Spolia " are devoted) from
P. rufescens, by its duller sculpture and longer head with the
temples distinctly a little broader throughout.

12. Paniscus testaceus, Grav., var. opaculus, Thorns.

This species is common, at least in the east and south of
the Continent ; Lucas records it from Algeria in 1846. Tos-
quinet's description of his P. pallidus (Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg.

118 ICHNEUMON ID AE.

1896, p. 406) differs but veiy slightly from that of his
P. rufescens in the paler coloration which is inconstant, in
the ocelli subcontiguous with the eyes, the somewhat smaller
wings and pale fulvous stigma ; length of (? 17 mm. He
appears to have relied upon the distance of Cape Colony and
Togoland, whence alone he knew this species, from Morocco
to assist in discrimination. In spite of "the length indicated,
I consider P. rufescens to average larger. There is nothing
in the account of P. pallidus (I.e.) that does not equally
well apply to the common pale form of P. testaceus and I
consider them entirely synonymous. Examples in the British
Museum are from Abbai Affat in Abyssinia, May, 1902
{Degen) ; Athi-ya-Mawe, Rogoro and Naitolia in British
East Africa, April, 1899 (C. S. Betton) ; Mengo in Uganda
(E. Miller) ; Salisbury in Mashonaland, 1st April, 1899 (Guy
Marshall) ; Bloksberg, near Johannesburg (C. H. Pead) ;
Piet Retief in Transvaal and on 13th Januarj^ 1902, at
Masern in Basutoland (R. Crawshay) : Lindley in Orange
R. Colony ; South Africa in 1844 (Dr. Smith) ; JDurban (J.P.
Cregoe and H. A. Spencer), and Howick (Cregoe), in Natal ;
and QueenstoA\'n in Cape Colony (E. T, Wells).

13. Paniscus perforator, Smith.

Ann. Nat. Hist, xvii, 1876, p. 449, ^ (sic ?).

This is a true Paniscus, and not Ophion as placed by Dalla
Torre. It is extremely closely related to the common
P. testaceus and probably no more than a local race, with
the lateral metanotal cristulae wanting, the stigma a little
darker, the notauli closer together, with the epistoma niti-
dulous and but obsoletely pubescent ; length, 13 mm. I
have only seen the type (a c?, not $ as Smith stated), which
was captured by Slater on Rodriguez in the Mascarene
Islands.

14. Paniscus aethiopicus, Szepl.
Bull. Mus. Paris 1907, p. 139, ?.
The description of this south Ethiopian species is very
short, but the nervulus appears to agree with that of two
males and a female, presented by D. MacAlister in 1900 to
the British Museum from northern Etbai in Upper Egypt,
which differ from all other species with which I am acquainted
in having the nervulus vertical and quite straight, not at
all curved before its junction with the median nervure.

PANISCIDES. 119

TABLE OF ASIATIC SPECIES.
v(2«i)' 1. Labrum not spinately produced centrally.

(3) 2. Subglabrous ; metanotum not at all striate ; length 8 min.

1. laevis. Cam.

(2) 3. Punctate ; metanotum distinctly striate ; length at least
10 mm.
(19) 4. NotauU distinct at least to centre of mesonotum.

(6) 5. Head, thorax and coxae black. 2. ^n/?ni, Kok.
(5) 6. Head, thorax and coxae testaceous.

(8) 7. Scutellar carinae apically acmninate and coalesced.

3. intermedius. Cam.

(7) 8. Scutellar carinae neither acuminate nor coalesced.

(]()) 9. Metanotum very finely transaciculate ; stigma not deep red.
{13) 10. Head posteriorly about breadth of eyes; vertex distinctly

broad.
(12) 11. Metathoracic transcarina obsolete; antennae nigrescent.

4. unicolor. Smith.
(11) 12. Metathoracic transcarina strong ; antennae testaceous.

5. cephalotes, Holmgr.
(10) 13. Head posteriorly narrower than eyes ; vertex not broad.
(15) 14. Stigma infuscate ; hind tarsi stramineous.

6. nigriventris , Brulle.
{14) 15. Stigma flavescent ; hind tarsi not paler than tibiae.

7. lineatus, Brulle.

(9) 1(1. Metanotmn strongly strigose ; stigma clear, deep red.

(18) 17. Mesonotimi unicolorous. S. tesiaceus, Gr&v.

-(11) 18. Mesonotum with four distinctly pale vittae.

9-4. lineatus. Smith.

(4) 19. Notauli distinct at most on apical two-tltirds of mesonotum.
(25) 20. Thorax immaculate testaceous; metanotmn more or less

sculptured.

(22) 21. Ocellar region black ; metathorax strongly striate.

10. orientalis. Cam.

(21) 22. Ocellar region pale ; metathorax but feebly striate.

(24) 23. Head posteriorly constricted ; antennae pale ; nervulus sub-
vertical. 1 1 • gracilipes. Thorns.

t23) 24. Head vertically broad ; antennae infascate ; nervulas
oblique. 12. capito, Kok.

'(20) 25. Thorax broadly fl a vo us ; metanotum glabroas.

13. flavolineatus. Cam.

(1) 26. Labrum centrally produced into an elongate spine.

14. montanus. Cam.

I. Paniscus laevis, Cam.
Spolia Zeylanica 1905, p. 127, ?.
Distinct among the Asiatic species in its glabrous body,
subimpunctate head and thorax, smooth metanotum and

120 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

small size, not exceeding 9 mm. in both sexes, c? ?• It is
not uncommon in India, and is especially common in Ceylon,
whence it extends to Bengal.

2. Paniscus grumi, Kok.

Revue Rasse d'Entom. 1900, p. 165, ^ 2.
The only Asiatic species with black head and thorax, but
in these particulars closely related to my P. dimidiatus and
P. insulicola, from the former of which it differs in its dark
ferrugineous stigma, strongly transaciculate metanotum,
posteriorly broader head, conspicuous notauli and less post-
furcal nervulus ; the resemblance to the latter is remarkable,
but the short ramellus is distinct and the metanotal sculpture
quite different. It has been found at such widely separated
localities as Sand-ho in China and Askabad in Transcaspia,.
which is about six hundred miles from Chaman on the Kojuk
Pass in Afghanistan, where two females in the British Museum
were captured by Col. Chas. Swinhoe on 28th July. 1880^
at 11 p.m. during mess, probably attracted to light.

3. Paniscus intermedius, Cam.
Spolia Zeylan. 1905, p. 125.
Known by its small size of 10-11 mm., the nervellus inter-
cepted at bottom of its upper fourth (not third), and by the
scutellar carinae being apically coalesced into an acute
angle, whereas in other species they neither extend beyond
apex nor unite. I have seen the tj^pe (from Maskeliya in
the British Museum), examples from Madulsima (also in
Ceylon) and southern Kashmir ; and Bingham took others
at Kasauli in the Punjab in 1896 and 1902.

4. Paniscus unicolor, Smith.
Trans. Ent. Soc. 1874, p. 39(3, ^.
This very superficially described male, from Hiogo in Japan,
is in the British Museum and very closely allied to P. fvs-
cicornis, Holmgr. (= P. dilatatus, Thoms.), but the head is
altogether paler, the antennae ferrugineous and not black,
and the wings are decidedly more ample ; probably no more
than a local race. The ?, of which an example was found
in Japan by Mr. Jones in 1877, differs only sexually from the
type. It seems confined to eastern Asia ; and a form inter-
mediate betAveen the var. tmicolor, Smith, and typical
P. fuscicornis, Holmgr., with, the antennae stout, infuscate

PANISCIDES.

12t

(not nigrescent) and slightly shorter than the bod}', occurs
at Singapore. Johore and Penang. in the Malay States, and
the Binding Isles (H. N. Ridley) ; Sandakan in north Borneo ;
Peel Island in the Bonin Isles of the north Pacific ; Hong
Kong, and at Tai Yuan in northern China, where Douglas
found a male in August, 1908.

5. Paniscus cephalotes, Holmgr.
Sv. Ak. Handl. 1858, P. vm, p. 31.

Though Dicranura vinula, the host of this parasite (which
is certainly the Ophion vinulae of Stephens' Catalogue, 1829,
p. 351), is not recorded by Staudinger to the east of the
Pamirs, Dicranura hvmalayana, Moore, is found at Dharmsala
in the north-west Himalayas, and that it also is attacked by
the present species is rendered almost certain by the capture
there of a typical pair of P. cephalotes in the north-west
Provinces (Mrs. Home. 1884), "India" (Baly, 1851) and
also a $ in the Khasi Hills of Assam (Col. Badgley, 1906).
In addition to the above specimens, the British Museum has a
long series of P. cephalotes collected by Escalera in the south-
west of Persia.

6. Paniscus nigriventris, Brulle.

Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. iv, 1846, p. 157, $ ; Paniscus Ceylonicus, Cam.,.
Manch. Mem. 1897, p. 31,?.

Similar to P. testaceus. and varying fi'om 14 — nearly 25 mm.
in length, but decidedly more nitidulous, smoother and
always paler, with the notauli much more deeply impressed
and the stigma nigrescent. Probably not uncommon ; I
have seen it from Bengal, Bombay and many from Cejdon,
as well as single males (which differ onlv sexually from the
$) in the British Museum from Sumatra (Ericson, 1898) and
northern Borneo (Whitehead, 1892). Cameron's species [cf.
also Spolia Zeyl. 1905, p. 127) is certainlj^ synonymous with
the present, which Brulle found in " File de Java " and which
Tosquinet, who gives the length in 1903 as 16 mm. in both
sexes against Brulle's female of 23 mm., records from the
Monts Tengger in east Java at an altitude of 4,000 feet in
1890.

7. Paniscus lineatus, Brulle.

Hist. Nat. Hym. iv, 1846, 157, $.
Possibly = Parahatus virgatiis, Fourc, or (on account of
its large size) P. amphis, Mori.

322 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

8. Paniscus testaceus, Grav., var. opaculus, Thorns,

P. longitarsis. Cam., Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 108, ^ ; var. ocellaris,
Thoms.=P. fernigineus. Cam., I.e., p. 107, cj.

Assam, Bengal, Ceylon, Bombay, Simla, Kashmir, Punjab,
Bhutan, North-west Provinces, Sikkim, Darjiling, Lower
Burma, Calcutta, Mussoorie, Bangalore. Not only that
wide range, but I have seen it from Penang (Bo wring, 1861),
Lhasa in August-September, 1904 (Thibet Expedition),
Kanshirei in Formosa during May, 1908 (Wileman), and from
Yokohama during November, 1889 (Hon. W. Rothschild),
in the British Museum.

9. Paniscus quadrilineatus, Smith.
Sclent. Res. 2nd Yarkand Mission 1878, p. 22, ?.
Known by its four flavous mesonotal vittae, but otherwise
insufficiently described ; length, 15 mm. I have seen a single
$ in the Calcutta Museum agreeing with this mesonotal
coloration, but with the stripes deep fulvous (not at all
flavous, as described by Smith from a spii'it specimen, which
was returned to India, though I know nothing further of its
history) and the areolet most remarkable and elongately
petiolate. Waterhouse's figure (Aid. Ident. Ins. 1885, pi. 162,
fig. 2) shows that the basal nervure is not continuous through
the median. Smith's P. unicolor of 1878 — nee 1874 — has
been termed by ine (Fauna of India, Ichn.) P. renovatus, but
it was quite inadequately described from " Murree, Punjab
hills."

10. Paniscus orientalis, Cam.

Spolia Zeylanica 190.5, p. 126, $.
Similar to, though larger than, P. intermedium and differing
therefrom in its deeper rufescent coloration, the nervellus
intercepted nearer its centre, scutellar carinae not apically
coalescent, vertex broader and less obliquely constricted
posteriorly and in the metapleural carinae being much
more broadly developed. Only knowTi, with any degree of
certainty, from Ceylon, till Mr. N. B. Kinnear showed
it me from Belgaum in Bombay, where he found it on 4th
September, 1910.

II. Paniscus gracilipes, Thorns, var. formosus, var. nov.

Ophion unicolor, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1874, p. 397, (J (sic^); nee
Proc. Limi. Soc. v, 1861, p. 141.

A second <? Paniscus from Hiogo in Japan, in the British

PANISCIDES. 123

Museum, is labelled " type " of his Ophion unicolor by Fred
Smith. It is altogether distinct from his Paniscus of that
name, being very nan-ow behind the eyes, much more slender
and paler, with less ample wings. I consider it an oriental
form of Thomson's species, of which it may be termed var.
formosus, differing in nothing but its paler coloration and
smaller subtransverse areolet ; a second ,3 of this form was
captured by A. E. Wileman at Kanshiri in Formosa on
6th March, 1908.

12. Paniscus capito, Kok.
Horae Soc. Ent. Ross. 1899, p. 132, ?.
Superficially similar to P. gracilipes but at once known
by the broad vertex, with the temples as broad as the eyes ;
and very distinct from allied species in the strongly oblique
nervulus, entirely margined scutellum and obsolete notauli.
Kokujew's type is from Transcaucasia. In 1911 the Hon.
W. Rothschild presented a $ to the British Museum, labelled
" 19 July 1905, Bir-bash, north eastern shore of Issykkul,"
which is a lake in Russian Turkestan.

13. Paniscus flavolineatus, Gam.

Paropheltes flavolineatus, Cam., .Jo urn. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 1907,
p. 111,?.
So far from representing a new genus, this species the tj^pe
of which, taken at Ferozepore, I have examined in Col. Nurse's
collection, is extremely closely allied to P.fuscicornis, Holmgr.
and P. brachyceriis, Thoms. ; but it is larger with conspicuous
flavescent markings. Cameron was led into error by entirely
overlooking the stout and very obvious tarsal pectination.

14. Paniscus montanus, Cam.

Jo mil. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 1906, p. 291, $ ; P. kasJwiirensis,
Cam., I.e., p. 292, ?.

The facies of this species exactly corresponds with that of
P. opaculus, Thoms., though it is at once known by the
remarkably elongate and acuminate central labral spine, as
long as the imusually exserted labrum, which is turn is
hardly shorter than the clypeus. The types of Cameron's
two species, Avhich I have seen in Nurse's collection, bear
identical labels and were presumably taken in company ;
their synonymy is indubitable. I have seen the male from
Bangalore ; it differs only sexually.

124 TCHNEUMONIDAE.

I have here failed to tabulate three of Szepligeti's recent
species ; these are Paniscus celebensis, Ann. Mus. Hungr.
IV, 1906, p. 154 ; P. novoguineensis, I.e. ; and P. javanus, Ley-
den Mus. Notes XXIX. 1908, p. 258 ; Avhich I do not know.

TABLE OF AUSTRALASIAN SPECIES.

(8) \. Areolet thrice longer than broad ; stigma nearly ahvays dark
(7) 2. Stigma nigrescent ; size at least 15 mm.

(4) 3. Second recurrent nervure unifenestrate ; eyes black.

1. latro, Holmgr.
(3) 4. Second recurrent b^fenestrate ; eyes often ochraceous.
(6) 5. Metanotum not carinate ; first flagellar joint but little longer
than second. 2. constrictiis, sp. n.

(5) 6. Metanotum centrally carinate ; first flagellar joint once and

a half longer than second. 3. incommunis, Szepl.
(2) 7. Stigma stramineous ; size 10 mm. 4, graciHs, sp. n.

(1) 8. Areolet normal, not strongly elongate ; stigma often pale.

(12) 9. Thorax who lely or mainly black.

(11) 10. Head but little narrower than eyes; thorax mainly testa-
ceous ; stigma black. 5. ephippiatus. Smith.

(10) 11. Head strongly constricted posteriorly ; thorax entirely black ;
stigma ochreo as. G. dimidiatiis, sp. n.

(9) 12. Thorax not, or but obsoletely, black-marked.

(16) 13. Stigma deep red ; nervellus strongly postfurcal. p

(15) 14. Centre of areolet externally produced ; nerveftns parallel
with basal nervure. 7. productus, Brulle.

(14) 15. Centre of areolet not produced ; nerv»li^''not parallel.

8. contrarius, sp. n.

(13) 16. Stigma pale testaceous ; nervellus asually subopposite.
(18) 17. Metathorax strongly transbicarinate ; not aciculate.

9. antipodum, Vachal.

(17) 18. Metathorax transaciculate, with only small cristulae.

10. testace.iis, Grav.

I. Paniscus latro, Holmgr.

Eugenies Resa. Ins. 1868, p. 412, q' ; P. samoanus. Kohl, Wien

Denkschr. Ak. Wiss. 1908, p. 314, pi. iii, figg. 17 et 20, ^ ?.

Distinct in the peculiarly narrow areolet, which is thi'ice
longer than broad at its widest part and emits a unifenestrate
recurrent nervure ; the nervures are distinctly darker than
the stigma, and the length 15-17 mm. Some forty examples
were known to Kohl, when describing this species from Upolu
Island, where thej^ were taken between March and December,
1905, by Dr. Karl Rechinger of the Vienna Museum {I.e.,
p. 197). [He also — and only, as far as Ichneumonidae is
concerned — took four specimens of Henicosyilus, described as

TANISCIDES.

125

so many species by Kohl, l.c.\ I find no distinction between
Kohl's species and Paniscus lairo, Hohngr. from Guam in the
Ladrones Islands, to which it must fall on grounds of priority.

2. Paniscus constrictus, sp. n.
I should certainly have considered a c?, taken by G. Turner
at Mackay in Queensland and presented to the British Museum
in 1892, to represent the last species were it not that the
second recurrent is here broadly bifenestrate and the stigma
stroncrly nigrescent; the flagellum and stemmaticum are
concolorous but the remainder of the head, including the
eyes, is pale, like the whole remainder of the body, excepting
a small post-tegular black spot.

3. Paniscus incommunis, Szepl.
Ami. Mus. Hungr. iv, 1906, p. 154, ? <J.
Flavidous-red ; head posteriorly narrow, rounded and
margined ; clypeus short ; ocelli nigrescent and not approxi-
mate inter se ; antennae as long as body aa ith flagellum piceous
and its first joint one and a half times the length of the
next ; mesonotum shining, with elongate notauli ; meso-
pleurae dull and punctate; metanotum rugose and trans-
aciculate, with strong carina do^^^l its centre ; scutellum
margined ; wings hyaline, with nervures and stigma black ;
nervulus strongly postfurcal and vertical ; first abscissa of
radius in hind wings a little more than double length of the
transverse cubitaf; length, 15 mm. This differs from
P. constrictu.s in its distinctly longer basal flagellar joint,
the metanotal carina, vertical nervulus and longer second
recurrent of the hind ^^•ings. Described from Yorke Town,
in South Australia.

4. Paniscus gracilis, sp. n.
Instantly known from all the other species of this region
by its small size of hardly 10 mm. and very narrow areolet,
which is elongatelv petiolate above, with its sides also
coalescent below. ^It is to be knoANTi from P. gmcilipes,
Thoms., only by the small areolet, black ocellar region and
subinfuscate" antennae, and is in all probability no more
than a geographical form of that species. Superficially it
resembles Parahatus gracilis. A single female was captured
by Rowland Turner during May, 1900, at Mackay, in
Queensland.

126 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

5. Paniscus ephippiatus, Smith.

Trans. Ent. Soc. 1876, p. 478, et I.e. 1878, p. 3, ?.
These two descriptions are certainly synonymous though
it appears a little ambiguous whether Smith intended them
to be so regarded ; the female types of both are in the British
Museum from Canterbury (Wakefield) and Dunedin, in
Otago (Hutton), in New Zeland. The species is recognised
with facility by the invariably deep black meso-notum and
-sternum, and by the black stigma combined with the
unusually broad areolet. Dalla Torre has regarded Smith's
two descriptions as distinct, but Prof. Hutton in copying
both in his " Catalogue of the N.Z. Diptera, Orthoptera,
Hymenoptera ; with Descriptions of the Species " in 1881,
thought they referred to but one. Cameron knew a specimen
from Greymouth and regarded it as apparently a common
species (Manch. Mem. 1898, p. 35) ; the British Museum has
a dozen examples from Auckland in 1854 (Col. Bolton), New-
Zealand in 1903 (E. Arnold), Wellington on 12th and 26th
December, 1909 (A. H. Cockayne), etc.

6. Paniscus dimidiatus, sp. n.

This species bears a most remarkable resemblance to the-
distinct P. insulicola from St. Helena ; and I should have-
been tempted to suspect an error in the type-locality —
indicated only as Australia — were it not that the stigma
is very pale and translucent ochraceous, the wings are dis-
tinctly larger in proportion, and the brachial cell is longer ;:
length 16 mm. One $ only.

7. Paniscus productus, BruUe,

Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. iv, 1846, 156, $.
P. foveatus. Cam. Manch. Mem. No. 1, p. 36, ^ (1898).
This female does not appear to have been recognised since
first described, yet the species is both common and instantly
known by the outer nervure of the areolet being produced
to a more or less appreciable extent immediately above its
fenestrate lower half ; it is, too, almost the only Australasian
species with deep red stigma wherein it is allied to the African
P. capensis and P. rufescens, though its vertex is constantly
pale and areolet much larger. Cameron's type of P. foveatus
(Manch. Mem. 1898, No. 1, p. 36, 3) from Greymouth is in the
British Museum and entiiely synonymous, though he had
overlooked the produced areolet ! The seventeen specimens
of both sexes in the British Museum vary from 17-21 mm^

PANISCIDES. 127'

injlength and are from " la terre de Van Diemen," taken by
the Rev. A. Beaufort in 1838 ; in the south east of the island
by E. D. Atkinson in 1877, and from Hobart by A. M. Lea
in 1904. From Australia, taken in the Western state in 1842
by G. F. Moore ; at Ballarat on 10th May, 1891, by W. W.
Froggatt ; in the north of Victoria by C. French ; at Too-
woomba in Queensland during 1893 by G. A. Higlett ; at
Hermannsberg in central Australia in 1909, and a pair at
Killalpanima, a hundred miles east of Lake Eyre, in 1905
by H, J. Hillier. From New Zealand there are no other
certain localities ; there are examples from Christchurch
(Clark). Besides these are a couple of females, found bv
H.M.S. " Herald " in the Pacific in 1856.

8. Paniscus contrarius, sp. n.

I must regard as distinct from the last species a single
female, taken by Rowland Turner at Mackay, in Queensland
during April, 1892, though it differs in nothing but the simple,
not externally produced, areolet and the strongly oblique
nervulus, the lower extremity of which is much further from
the radix than the upper, whereas in P. productus the reverse
is the case. Type in the British Museum.

Paniscus antipodum, VachaL
Revue Ent. xxvi, 1907, p. 120, ^ $.
Rufescent and impunctate ; face more or less flavidous,
eyes black and internally emarginate with their external orbits
flavous ; ocelli subhyaline ; mesopleurae bisected by a fine
horizontal sulcus ; metathorax strongly and a little obliquely
transcarinate, except centrally, at its basal and apical thirds ;
terebra 3 mm. in length, i.e. as long as the broadest part of
abdomen, and hardly at all attenuate apically ; valvulae of
(? half that length ; wings more or less hyaline with rufescent
nervures ; nervulus distinctly postfurcal ; length 16-17 mm.
It differs from P. testaceus, Grav., in its metathoracic sculp-
ture ; and from P. productus in its lack of thoracic flavous
markings and the absence of metanotal transaciculation. Its
facies is remarkably like that of Parahatus aniipodum. Both
sexes were taken by Lieut. Quod in New Caledonia.

10. Paniscus testaceus, Grav., var. opaculus. Thorns.

Several females were found at Mackay in Queensland by
Rowland Turner during June, 1897, May, 1900, and March,

128 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

1901, which I cannot distinguish from German examples of
"this species ; others are from Herbert River in N.E. Queens-
land in 1887 (Mrs. Burgess), Lower Plenty in Victoria in
1858 (R. Bakewell), and Van Diemen's Land in 1854 (M.
.AJlport) and 1877 (A. Simson) ; the Tasmanian specimens
are distinctly a little more rufescent.

PARABATUS, Thomson.

Opusc. Ent. XII, 1888, 1194.
KnoAMi from Paniscits only by the continuous basal nervulus
thi'ough the median nervure, thus forming both the upper and
lower basal nervures of a single line ; , this I do not find always
associated with an occipital costa, and have been obliged
consequently, to place species with this capital structure
occasionally in the genus Paniscvs. Thomson originally
placed four Swedish species in the present genus and others
were subsequently added ; but Szepligeti, for some occult
reasoYi, has restricted Thomson's genus to a single species
(Genera Insectorum 1911, p. 76), the first here placed by its
author, Mhich differs from the other three in little more than
the aborted areolet ; and, further, he has sjTionymised —
entirely arbitrarily, I tliink — Ashmead's nearctic genus
Opheltoidem (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1900, p. 95), with its
single and still MS. species, 0. johnsoni. I have already
pointed out (Revis. Ichn. Brit. Mus. i., 60) that the latter
almost certainly appertains to the Anomalides.

TABLE OF EXTRA-EUROPEAX SPECIES.

Lateral metathoracic cristulae obsolete ; stigma fla^•e.scent

and usually narrow.
Stout species ; stigma broad ; thyridii deeply impressed.

1. deceptor, sp. n.

Slender species ; .stigma narrow ; thyridii obsolete.

Scutellum margined throughout ; body and legs ferrugineous.

2. ivhymperi. Cam.

Scutellum not margined throughout ; body and legs pale

testaceous.
3Iesonotm-n with three dark vittae ; scutellum margined to

centre ; larger, 12 mm. 3. gansuanus, Kok.

7. ilesonotum immaculate testaceous ; scutellum not at all

margined ; smaller, 10 mm. 4. gracilis, sp. n.

Lateral metathoracic cristulae strong ; stigma red and not

narrow.

Nervellus intercepted distinctly above its centre.

Head and thorax broadly white-marked ; stigma luteous.

5. alhipictus, Tosq.

(S)

1.

(3)

2.

(2)

3.

(5)

4.

(4)

5.

<7)

6.

(6)

7.

(1)

8.

<18)

9.

11)

10.

PANISCIDES. 12ft

(10) 1 1. Head and thorax not at all white-marked ; stigma red.
(15) 12. Lower basal nervure (nervellus) subantef ureal.
(14) \'i. Lateral metathoracic cristulae normal. (\. ati/r/vrca/i,^, Szepl.
(13) 14. Metathoracic cristulae cariniform across dorsiun.

7. antipodum, sp. n.
(12) 1.3. Lower basal nervure continuous with the upper.

(17) 1(>. Nervures surrounding stigma distinct ; thorax immaculate.

8. liiteolus, Tosq.
(Hi) 17. Nervures surrounding stigma not traceable; thorax with
three black vittae. 9. virr/atiis, Fourc.

(9) 18. Nervellus of hind wing intercepted at its centre.

10. ampins, sp. n.

I. Parabatus deceptor, sp. n.

With his single female of Paniscus suhftiscus (supra),
Redman took in Nova Scotia many years ago — before the
British ]Museum Registers began, about 1838 — a, ^ Parabatus,
differing from the common palaearctic P. cristatus, Thoms,,
in nothing but its shorter and stouter antennae, lack of lateral
scutellar carinae, of metanotaltranscarina. ^^-ith the apophyses
distinctly obsolete ; length 13 mm.

2. Parabatus whymperi. Cam.

Entom. 1903, p. 160,9.
The unique female from Chimborazo in Ecuador is a dark
ferrugineous and slender insect with very ample but apparently
subimmature wings, of which the stigma and all apical nervures
are pale stramineous ; the legs and broken antennae are
concolorous with the body ; the head subcubical and poste-
riorly very nearly as broad as the eyes, with which the ocelli
are contiguous, though discreted inter sc. The type was
acquired by the British Museum in 1903.

3. Parabatus gansuanus, Kok.

Revue Russ. d'Entom. 190(i, p. Kiii, ^.

The type of 12 mm., from Atu-hmva in the Chinese province

of Gansu, has the lateral costae of the nietathorax obsolete

behind ; the stigma somewhat narrow, and the wings hyaline

with their stigma flavidous and almost transparent. S only.

4, Parabatus gracilis, sp. n.

Immaculate testaceous. Head flavous with ocelli alone
black, and so narrow behind the eyes as to render the vertex

K

130 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

posteriorly obsolete ; ocelli not large, subcontiguous with
eyes, which reach mandibular base ; clypeus convex and
apically subtnmcate. Antennae testaceous, not very slender
and but slightly attenuate apically. Thorax shining, finely
and diffusely punctate ; raesonotum not dull, with notauli
weak though elongate ; metathoracic cristulae wanting.
Scutellum convex and obsoletely punctate, neither elongate
nor at all laterally margined. Abdomen immaculate Avith
obsolete longitudinal sulcus on basal segment, which is as
long as the terebra ; the second segment basally impressed.
Wings broad, with the flavous stigma somewhat narrow ;
areolet triangular, not small, and not or hardly petiolate.
Length, 10 mm. The above description is comparative with
that of P. (jansuanus, which it appears to closely resemble,
though it is not to be superficially distinguished from Paniscus
gracilis and P. gracilipes. Turner took a single ? during
March, 1900, at Mackay in Queensland.

5. Parabatus albipictus, Tosq.

Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1896, p. 410, ^.
" La nervure transverse ordinaire est presque interstitiale."
Fulvous with white markings, very finely punctate ; head
dead white and not posteriorly constricted ; face quadrate
and apically subconstricted, centrally fulvous and subconvex ;
ocelli subcontiguous with eyes • antennae slender and red ;
thorax with pronotum, mesono*l vittae, pleural sutures and
marks, white ; notauli not deeply impressed ; metathorax
obsoletely trans-striate, with lateral cristulae small ; scut«llum
triangular and discally subdeplanate, with basal carinae and
its sides white ; abdomen immaculate fulvous, paler below
and at its extreme base ; wings somewhat large, hyaline with
stigma pale luteous ; radix and tegulae white ; areolet small
and very narrow, triangular and a little petiolate ; basal
nervure subcontinuous ; nervellus intercepted above its
centre ; length 10 mm. A male from Delagoa Bay. There
are two more males, with no meso thoracic white marks, from
the Athi River in British East Africa, May, 1899 (C. S. Betton)
and Bohotle in Somaliland in 1903 (Major Appleton), in the
British Museum.

6. Parabatus antefurcalis, Szepl.

Sjostedt's Kilimandjaro Exped. 11, 1910, 90, ?.
Said to differ from Paniscus rufescens, Tosq., only in the
position of the lower basal nervure, which is antefurcal,
though nearer the upper basal than its ovati length.

PANTSriDES. 131

7. Parabatus antipodum, sp. n.

M. J. Vachal, in describing his Paniscus antipodum writes :
" la nervure basale naissant bien avant la transversale ordi-
naire," and thus renders that species' inclusion in the present
genus impossible. In all other respects his description agrees
exactly with a fine female and a couple of males in the British
Museum, excepting only that these all measure just 20 mm.
in length. They differ from all other species of this genus
in their strongly transbicarinate metathorax, which is cen-
trally elevated before its base, as in Opheltes. The head is
posteriorly as broad as the eyes ; the ocellar region is not
infuscate ; the scutellum is very finely punctate, discalty
deplanate and only basally margined ; the spiracles are
prominent at the basal fourth of the apically subthyridiate
first segment ; the stigma is clear pale orange, the notauli
very deeply impressed and the nervellus but veiy slightly
antefurcal. A pair was presented from Victoria in 1885 by
F. du Boulav and a <J from IMelbourae, taken in September,
1900, by C. French.

8. Parabatus luteolus, Tosq.

M(^m. Soc. Ent. Belg. 189(), p. 401, $.
This is similar to P. cristatus but larger with a length of
16 mm., the ocellar region black, the stigma very deep red
and its margins both abov^ and below " roux fonce," the
nervures are identical, the notauli a little more deeply
impressed, the head posteriorly narrower, thfe scutellum much
narrower and laterally strongly margined to its apex. In
the two British Museum males the lower basal nervure is very
slightly antefurcal in that from Annshaw, near King William's
To\\Ti, and very slightly ])ostfurcal in that taken by Neave
in July, 1910, at an altitude of some 2-4,000 feet in the Karonga
District of Nyasaland, as well as in two females found by
Betton at Lari and Rogora in British East Africa during the
summer of 1899.

9. Parabatus amplus, sp. n,
A large species with the wings remarkably ample ; otherwise
very like Parabatus virgatus but with both the second recurrent
and upper basal nervures less curved, the areolet not or hardly
petiolate, the metanotum more deplanate, wings flavescent
and nervellus inteicepted at its centre ; length 15-19 mm.

132 ICHNEUMONIDAE.

(? ?. The typical female was taken by A. E. Hobson at an
altitude of 4,500 feet at Yatung, in Thibet, and I have seen
other specimens of both sexes from India in the Calcutta
Museum, taken in Sikkim by Knyvett.

TETRAGONALYS, gen. nov.

This genus is intermediate between the Paniscides and
Mesochorides, and appears adequately to fill a very conscious
gap in our system of classification ; not only so, but the two
species I place here, sufficiently similar to be at least tempor-
arily regarded as congeneric, each incline structurally to these
two groups. The quadrate and very large areolet, above
which the radial nervure is not at all arcuate, combined with
the testaceous coloration and more or less prominent anal
styles, render it abundantly distinct.

TABLE OF SPECIES.
(2) 1. Nervellus intercepted far below centre ; metathoracic areae

distinct. 1. harharica, sp. n.

(1)2. Nervellus intercepted a little above centre ; metathoracic areae

wanting. 2. pagana, sp. n.

I. Tetragonalys barbarica, sp. n.
A somewhat large and brightly testaceous, nitidulous
species with only the head except the mouth, a dot behind
the tegulae and the tarsal claws, black ; pronotum and stigma
stramineous ; anal styles as long as the second hind tarsal
joint. Antennae a little shorter than the body. Nervellus
antefurcal ; discoidal nervure strongly and the external radial
distinctly curved ; outer nervure of the petiolate areolet
straight ; fenestrae of the second recurrent broad and dis-
creted by a dot ; metanotal areola hexagonal, emitting
distinct costulae near its base ; petiolar area strongly dis-
creted ; spiracles elongate-oval. Length 14 mm. This
unique c? is in the British Museum and was captured at
Gyangtse in Sikkim during the Thibet Expedition in June,
1904, at an altitude of 13,000 feet.

2. Tetragonalys pagana, sp. n.

Very different from the above in structure, though similar
in outline, colour and the conformation of both the areolet
and basal segment. The antennae are a quarter again as
long as the body ; the head including ocelli and ocellar region

PANISCIDES. 133

is testaceous, with the tegular dot and mandibular apices
alone black ; stigma clear fulvous ; 3 styles obsolete and ?
terebra exserted, though not extending beyond the anus.
Nervellus subpostfurcal ; discoidal nervure and the external
radial nearly straight ; outer nervure of the sessile areolet
strongly curved ; fenestra of the second recurrent small and
entire ; metanotum with no areae, but a very strong trans-
carina connecting the present apophyses and extending
thence to an apical tooth on either side ; spiracles oval and
elevated, above a longitudinal carina. Length 16 mm. A
single pair was bred by C. French from a pupa of the Lepi-
dopteron Mnesam'pela privata Guen., during August, 1900, at
Melbourne.

PARC A, gen. no v.
A remarkably distinct genus in its deplanate abdomen,
subcentral petiolar spiracles, entire lack of areolet, basally
straight external radial abscissa, simple claws, small ocelli
and protuberant eyes. It is probably most closely related
to OpheUes, and is by no means a typical Paniscid, since
the scutellum is not at all margined and the alar structure
very distinct.

I, Parca ocularia, sp. n.
A strongly nitidulous, slender and testaceous species with
only the eyes, ocelli, mandibular apices, flagellum, terebral
valvulae, hind tarsi, stigma and costa, black ; anus, with
both hind femora and tibiae, subinfuscate ; metanotum
glabrous, mesopleurae punctate. Length, 11 mm. I possess
a couple of females, collected at Kandy in Ceylon by E. E.
Green and O. S. Wickwar during June and September, 1909.

OPHELTES, Holmgren.

Sv. Ak. Handl. 1858, P. viii, p. 30.

Tenthredinid parasites appear anachronous in the present
group, with which this genus is too naturally related in
structure to be relegated to the Trijphonini : yet there is a
good deal of analogy in its conformation, and especially that
of the buccate cheeks and temples, with Scolobates, whicli in
its turn was considered to be O]jhionidous by Holmgren. In
this latter respect, and that only, Opheltes may be considered
related to Westwoodia.

134 lOHNEUMONIDAE.

I. Opheltes glaucopterus, Linn.

This is a widely distributed and well known species ; it
is said to occur on umbelliferous flowers in August, and in
June in Germany where it has been often captured at light
and seen flying round alders as late as October. It is recorded
from Sweden, France, Holland, Italy, and I have females
taken by Montandon at Bucharest and on the Dobrudja in
Roumania, together with a single example of the undescribed
male of the southern var. fuscvpcnnis, Grav. (I.E. iii, 1829,
635), which differs in nothing but its anal appendages from
its female and both from the type form only in their deeply
infumate wings. This insect has long been knouii to be
parasitic upon species of the Tenthredinid genus Cimhex :
it was bred from C. variabilis ( = /emomto) by Hartig
(Jahresb. 68), on 20th May, 1832, by Drewsen (Wiegm.
Arch., II, p. 38), and a <S on 30th May, 1849, by Brischke
(Ratz. Ichn. d. Forst. iii, 80) ; by Giraud both from that
species and Cimhex axillaris (=; hmneralis) (Ann. Soc. Ent.
France, 1877, p. 406) ; Siebold raised it from eggs deposited
in C. Gonnata by a virgin mother (Ent. Nachr. 1884, p. 95)
and Mocsary from C. lutea ; while Provancher bred it in
Canada from C. arnericana, Leach.

In the British Museum are some forty examples of this
conspicuous insect, comprising only two males. The palae-
arctic specimens, from Germany, Switzerland and Digne,
vary only in having the black covering the whole of the
sternum with meso- and meta- pleurae to the whole thorax
except scutellum and the mesonotum deep black, and the
latter with a black longitudinal vitta ; the anus from the
fifth segment except ventrally, ocellar region and mandibular
apices are always black and the hind coxae not infrequently
concolorous basally on their inner side. On the other hand
the few nearctic females (which have right to no more than
a colour-varietal rank under the name flavipennis, Prov.
Nat. Canad. vi, 1874, p. 143) more usually have the meso-
notum black throughout or with but two red vittae ; the
metathorax in all I have seen thence is entirely black, as also
or for the most part are the hind coxae. These are from
Albany River, Hudson's Bay, 1844 (G«o. Barnston), New
Jersey in 1889 (H. Edwards), the United States in 1891 (Miss
Phipson), and the Monacknock Mountains in New Hampshire
in 1911. (Hon. W. Rothschild). The var. fuscipennis is
poorly represented by a single pair from Zante in the Ionian
Isles, May, 1889 (Schmiedeknecht) and Armentierein Avignon,

PANISCIDES. 135

where Dr. Chobaut doubtless erroneously considered he
had bred it from the longicorn beetle, Necydalis major, Linn.
(Rev. T. A. Marshall).

2. Opheltes chinensis, sp. n.

Body infuscate ferrugineous, with the thorax mainly
nigrescent ; antennae and head, except the ocellar region,
red ; hind tarsi white, and wings clear hyaline with the
stigma and costa dark ferrugineous. The scutellum is not
laterally margined ; the cheeks are elongate and, like the
temples, strongly buccate ; metanotum deeply sulcate
basally, areolet exactly as in the last species, but the whole
insect is smaller and darker, Mith the wings less apically
acuminate. Length, L5 mm. ^ only.

This remarkable species differs from 0. gJaucojyterus in
lacking notauli ; metanotum longitudinally carinate though
hardly elevated basally, and thence obliquely carinate to
apex ; metathoracic spiracles oval and not elongate, stigma
shorter and broader, radial nervure hardly basally and not
at all apically curved, lower basal nervure but very slightly
postfurcal ; nervellus intercepted at its upper fourth. A
single male, in the British Museum, is labelled " Northern
China," but was more probably taken about Shanghai, b}'-
Mr. Fortune and acquired in 1854.

WESTWOODIA, Brulle.

[I have introduced this genus here solely for the following
remarks.]

I. Westwoodia ruficeps, Brulle.

Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. iv, 1846, 127, pi. xli, fig. 2, ?.
This extremely aberrant species does not appear to have
been noticed in literature since first described, though a
second species — not considered by me to be congeneric —
Avas brought forward by Provancher (Nat. Canad. 1875,
p. 329) from Canada and, later, from the United States of
America. Brulle's female figure is fairly representative,
though the antennae are much too slender and the head not
sufficiently buccate behind the eyes ; moreover, the alar
details are entirely erroneous for the wing is apically sub-
acuminate with the areolet triangular, emitting the recvuTent
nervure distinctly beyond its centre ; this second recurrent
is broadly fenestrate but not at all sinuate, and the lower

136 ICHNEUMO>fIDAB.

basal nervure is but .slightly postf ureal. In the British
Museum are two females acquired from " Australia " —
probably from the Victorian collection of Dr. Bakewell — ■
in 1866 ; and another from the same vague locality received
from Peter Cameron in 1899. The male is so dissimilar that
at first I i^egarded it as probably distinct : — the frontal horn
is obsolete, the antennae are longer, the legs both longer
and more slender with the anterior femora not incrassate,
the radius is apically straight and the areolet emits the second
recurrent distinctly before its centre, the basal nervure is
continuous, or but slightly postfurcal, through the median
and the nervellus is intercepted distinctly above its centre
and not, as in ?, at or below the centre. In all, but the
example from Cameron, the two basal segments are red.
Of this (S the British Museum contains two from Adelaide
(ex coll. Smith) 1879, and from near Melbourne in Victoria
(ex coll. French).

Respecting its affinities : it was originally placed by
Brulle between Banchiis and Exetastes ; Ashmead in 1900
relegated it to the sessile-bodied Tryphonini and Dalla Torre
in 1901 left it there, between Lnhrossyta and Protarchus :
though the whole structure of the head, thorax and abdomen
allies it to a remarkable degree to Scolobates, from which
position it is precluded by its simple tarsal claws and strong
areolet. A peculiar feature of the genus is the somewhat
narrow abdominal petiole, rendered strongly explanate and
broadly sessile by the dilated lateral membrane. Without
this membrane the petiole is (as in certain Apanteles) parallel-
sided, half as long again as basally broad, and as long as
the quadrate postpetiole ; or, in ?, narrower but slightly
explanate throughout. The narrow petiole admits of affinity
wath the Ophioninae, where the strongly buccate head with
its small eyes, immarginate scutellum and equally bidentate
mandibles are similar to those of Opheltes.

INDEX.

acheron (Exochilum), 72, 79.
acronyctae (Exochilum), 71, 74.
aethiopicns (Paniscus), 113, 118.
africanus (Podogaster), 60, 62.
agnatum (Anomalon), 85.
agrestoria (Echthromorpha), 38, 44.
agrestorius (Ichneumon), 44.
Agrypon, 50, 89.
alaskensis (Paniscus), 103, 108.

(Rhyssa), 9, 11.

albicoxa (Trichomma), 63, 65.
albiditarsus (Podogaster). 60, 61.
albipictus (Parabatus), 128, 130.
albofacialis (Pharsalia), 99.
albomaculata (Rhyssa), 10.
albopicta (Lissopimpla), 34. 36.

(Pimpla), 36.

albotarsus (Paniscus), 103, 109.
albovariegatus ^Paniscus), 103,

109.
alteniata (Epirhyssa), 8.
amazonica (Epirhyssa), 8.
ambiguum (Anomalon), 85.
amicta (Schizoloma), 66, 67.
amplus (Parabatus), 129, 131.
anale (Anomalon), 85, 87.
annulatum (Eiphosonia), 51, 53.
annulatus (Certonotus), 27, 31.
Anomalides, 49-99.
Anomalon, 50, 82.
antefm-calis (Parabatus), 129, 130.
antipodvma (Paniscus), 124, 127.

(Parabatus), 129, 131.

(Rhyssa), 15.

Apechonexu-a. 3, 22, 23.
Aphanistes, 82.

apicalis (Certonotus), 28, 31.
apicate (Anomalon), 83, 84.
approximator (Rhyssa), 12, 13.
atrata (Echthromorpha), 38, 41.

(Thalessa), 15, 16.

atratus (Ichneumon), 15.
atrichiosoma (Exochilum), 72, 77.
Atrometus, 94.

atrovittatum (Eiphosoma), 51, 52.
aiistralasiae (Exochilvim), 72, 75.
azteca (Eiphosoma), 51, 52.

barbarica (Tetragonalys), 132.
Barylypa, 50, 80.

biniaculata (Epirhyssa), 5, 7.
binghami (Ajiomalon), 83, 84.
bipartita (Barylypa), 80.
bitecta (Echthromorpha), 37, 39.
bituberculatum (Trichomma), 64.
brachypterum (Anomalon), 83.
brasihensis (Paniscus), 103, 104.

(Xiphosomella), 57.

brevicavida (Apechoneiu-a), 23, 26.
brevicome (Exochilvun), 72.
buccatimi (Anomalon), 84, 86.
bucephalum (Schizoloma), 67.

calcator (Heteropelma), 68, 69.
calignosum (Agrypon), 90, 91.
canadensis (Rhyssa), 9, 12.
capitata (Schizoloma), 66, 67.
capito (Paniscus), 119, 123.
carinifrons (Anomalon), 83.

(Apechoneura), 22, 24.

(Epirhyssa), 5, 6.

cephalotes (Paniscus), 113, 116, 119,

121.
Certonotus, 3, 26.
ceylonicus (Paniscus), 121.
chinense (Exocliilum), 71, 74.
chinensis (Opheltes), 135.
circumflexmn (Exochilum), 72, 76
claripennis (Rhyssa), 12, 14.
clavata (Pimpla), 16.
clavula (Rhyssa), 15.
coarctatum (Anomalon), 88.
coarctatus (Podogaster), 60.
concolor (Lissopimpla), 34, 35.
confusa (Schizoloma), 66.
conopleura (Echthromorpha), 38,42
constrictus (Paniscus), 124, 125.
continua (Pimpla), 45.
continumn (Polyamma), 46.
contrarius (Paniscus), 124, 127.
curtum (Anomalon), 84.

datanae (Heteropelma), 68, 69.
deceptor (Parabatus), 128, 129.
decimnotata (Lissopimpla), 34.
decorum (Anomalon), 83.
diabolus (Exochilum), 71, 73.
dimidiatum (Xesanomalon), 56.
dimidiatus (PanLscus), 124, 126.
diversor (Echthromorpha), 38, 47.

138

diversus (Paniscus), 104, 110.
doreica (Rhj^ssa), 1 9.

Echthromorpha, 33, 3G.

ECHTHROMORPHIDES, 33-48.

Eiphosoma, 49, 51.
elegan? (Anomalon), 89.
(Pani.^ciis), 113,116.

(Spilanomalon), 89.

enecator (Trichomma), 63, 64.
ephippiatiis (Paniscus), 124, 126.
Epirhyssa, 3, 4.

Erigorgus, 50.

errans (Paniscus), 112, 113

ExochJlum, 50, 71.

exquisita (Echthromorpha), 37, 40.

fasoiata (Rhyssa), 12, 13.
ferrugineLUU (Agrypon), 93.

(Anomalon), 85.

ferrugineus (Paniscus), 122.
flaviceps (Agrypon), 94, 95.

(Certonotus), 28, 31.

(Rhyssa), 31.

flavifrons (Agrypon), 90.

(Anomalon), 90.

flavitarsis (Barylypa), 81.
flavobalteata (Epirhyssa), 5, 7.
flavolineatus (Paniscus), 119, 123.

(Paroplieltes), 123.

flavo-orbitalis (Echthromorpha), 38,

42.
flavopicta (Epirhyssa), 5, 6.
flavopictum (Agrypon), 94, 96.
flavo-pictus (Maerogaster), 6.
formosus (Paniscus gracilipes), 122.
foveata ( Apechoneura), 22, 23.
foveatus (Paniscus), 126.
fractinervis (Rhyssa), 15.
fulva(Rhyssa), 12, 13.
fulvicorne (Heteropelma), 68.
fulvicornis (Schizoloma), 66, 67.
fulvidens (Trichomma), 63, 64.
fulvipennis (Rhyssa), 12, 14.
fulvitarse (Heteropelma), 68, 70.
fumipenne (Anomalon), 85, 86.
fuscipennis (Exochilum), 71, 74.

(Paniscus), 104, 111.

gansuanus (Parabatiis), 128, 129.
geminatus (Paniscus), 103, 104.
geniculatus (Certonotxrs), 27, 28.
gerlingi (Paniscus), 103, 106.
giganteum (Exochilum), 72, 77,
glaucopterus (Opheltes), 134.
gnathon (Echthromorpha), 37, 41.
gracilipes (Paniscus), 119, 122.
gracilis (Paniscus), 124, 125.

(Parabatus), 128, 129.

grumi (Paniscus), 119, 120.
guatemalenum (Anomalon), 85,

87.

Heteropelma, 50, 68.
hinnuleus (Certonotus), 28, 32.
liistrio (Epirhyssa), 8.
humerahfer (Certonotus), 28, 31.
hmnida (Rhyssa), 9, 11.
hyahna (Echthromorpha), 39, 48.
hyahne (Anomalon), 85.
hyalinipennis (Lytarmes), 21.
Hymenopharsalia, 98.

ignotus (Paniscus), 103, 108.
immaculata (Echthromorpha), 38,

42.
immaculatus (Paniscus), 103, 109.
incommmiis (Paniscus), 124, 125.
inermis (Echthromorpha), 38, 46.
insidiator (Echthromorpha), 38,

44.

- (Pimpla), 44.
instigator (Rhyssa), 19.

(Thalessa), 18, 19.

insulicola (Paniscus), 113, 115.
intermedius (Paniscus), 119, 120.
intricatoria (Echthromorpha), 37,

39.
intricatorius (Cryptus), 39.

japonica (Epirhyssa), 5.

(Thalessa), 18.

japonieum (Anomalon), 76.

kashmirensis (Paniscus), 123.

labialis (Certonotus), 27, 30.

Labrorychus, 50.

laevis (Paniscus), 119.

lanaria (Rhyssa), 12, 13.

Laphj'ctes, 81.

laterale (.Anomalon), 85.

latro (Paniscus), 124.

lineatus (Paniscus), 119, 121.

lineiger (Agrypon), 94.

lineolata (Rhyssa), 9, 10.

lineolatum (Cryptocentrum), 10.

liopleuris (Paniscus), 104, 111.

Lissopimpla, 33.

longicauda (Apechoneura), 23, 25.

longitarsis (Paniscus), 122.

lucidulus (Paniscus), 104, HI.

lugubris (PaniscvLs), 104, 112.

lunator (Ichneumon), 17.

(Thalessa), 16, 17.

luteolus (Parabatus), 129, 131.

139

luteopectum (Aiiomalon). 8.').
Lytarme'3, 3, 21.

macula (Echthromorpha), 38, 43.
maculiceps (Epirhyssa), 5, 7.
maculicornis (Epirhyssa), 5.
inaculipennis (Echthromorpha), 38,
42.

(Lytarmes), 21.

(Thalessa), 18, 20.

madeirensis (Paniscus), 113, Ho.
Magiiibucca, 50, 79.
magiiifica (Pyramirhyssa), 3.
magum (Anomalon), 85, 88.
major (Apechoneura), 23, 25.
maxima (Echthromorpha), 37, 40.
medius (Paniscus), 103, 108.
Megarhyssa, 15.

melanocotis (Paniscus), 113, 115.
melanostigma (Paniscvis), 104, 111.
melanvu-a (Agrypon), 93, 94.
mesopyrrha (Rhyssa), 12, 14.
metallicmn (Anomalon), 85.
Metanomalon, 50, 58.
mexicana (Eiphosoma), 32, 54.
(Epirhyssa), 8.

(Hymenopharsalia), 98, 99.

minor (Apechoneura), 23, 25.
minuta (Trichomma), 63, 65.
minvitum (Anomalon), 65.

(Trichomma), 65.

mirabilis (Rhyssa), 12, 13.
montanus (Paniscus), 119, 123.
monticola (Certonotus). 27, 29.
morio (Exochilum), 71, 73.
miilleri (Epirhyssa), 5.
mimdus (Ophion), 73.
mussouriense (Anomalon), 76.

neglectum (Exochilum), 72, 76.
Nesanomalon, 49, 56.
nigerrima (Epirhyssa), 5, 6.
nigricans (Echthromorpha), 38, 43.

(Trichomma), 63, 65.

nigricomis (Apechoneura),- 22, 23.
nigritarsis (Apechoneura), 22, 23.

(Rhvssa), 20, 23.

(Thalessa), 18, 20.

nigritvun (Anomalon), 85, 86.
nigriventris (Apechoneura), 23, 24.

(Paniscus), 119, 121. ^

nigrobalteata (Epirhyssa), 7.
nigrolineata (CoUyria), 54.
n grorufum (Anomalon), 85, 88.
nigrovittatum (Eiphosoma vitti

colle), 52, 55.
nigrum (Exochilum), 71, 75.
nitida (Rhyssa), 16.

(Thalessa), 16.

nitidulus (Certonotus), 27, 29.
nobilitator (Thalessa), 18, 19.
nodulosas (Paniscas), 103, 107.
nortoni (Rhyssa), 16.
nototrachoides (Parania), 97.
notulatoria (Echthromorpha), 38,

45.
notulatorius (Cryptus), 45.
nox (Agrypon), 90, 91.

(Heteropelma), 68, 70.

occidentale (Exochilum), 72, 79.
occisor (Trichomma), 63, 64.
ocellaris (Paniscus), 113, 116.

(Paniscus longitarsis), 122.

octoguttata (Lissopimpla), 34, 35.
ocularia (Parca), 133.

opacvilus (Paniscus testaceas), 103,

107, 117, 122, 127.
Opheltes, 102, 133.
orbitale (Anomalon), 85, 87.

(Exochikmi), 72, 78.

orbitalis (Heteropelma), 68, 69.
orientalis (Paniscus), 119, 122.
omatipes (Chrysopimpla), 45.

pacifica (Lissopimpla), 33, 35.
pagana (Tetragonalys), 132.
pallidilineata (Echthromorpha), 48.
Paniscides, 101-136.
Paniscus, 101, 102.
Parabatas, 101, 128.
parana (Eiphosoma), 51, 53.
Paranem-a, 22, 23.
Parania. 50, 96.
Parca, 102, 133.
parvulas (Paniscus), 113.
perforator (Paniscus), 113, 118.
perforatus (Bucheckorius), 117.

(Paniscus), 113, 117.

peritum (Anomalon), 85.
peromatum (Heteropelma), 68, 70.
persua-soria (Rhyssa), 9, 10.
pertm-bans (Barylypa), 81, 82.
Pharsaiia, 50. 97.
pictiventris (Apechoneura), 23, 24.

plagiata (Echthromorpha), 37, 41.

(Pimpla), 41.

planipes (Paniscus), 113, 114.

Podogaster, 50, 59.

poliendum (IMetanomalon), 59.

primiun (Agrypon), 92.

prismaticum (Aiiomalon), 85.

Pristomerides, 49.

productor (Trichomma), 63, 60

productus (Paniscus), 124, 126

pyralidis (Eiphosoma), 52, 54.

140

pyramidatus (Exochilum), 77.
Pyramirhyssa, 3.

quadrilineatiim (Aiiomalon), 55.
quadrilineatus (Paniscas), 119, 122.
quebecensis (Rhyssa), 16.

regalis (Schizoloma), 66, 67.
relictvun (Anomalon), 85, 86.
residuum (Agrypon), 94, 95.
reticulata (Trichomma), 63, 65.
reticulatum (Heteropelma), 69.
Rhyssa, 3, 9.
Rhyssides, 3-32.
Rhyssonota, 4.

robustum (Exochilum), 72, 78.
rufa (Echthromorpha), 39, 48.
rufata (Apechoneiira), 22, 23.
rufescens (Certonotus), 27, 30.

(Paniscus), 113, 116.

ruficaudatus (Podogaster), 60, 61.
ruficeps (Westwoodia), 135.
ruficoxis (Trichomma), 63.
rufipes (Lissopimpla), 34, 36.
rufus (Certonotus), 27, 30.

(Paniscus), 103, 107.

same anus (Paniscus), 124.
scaposum (Exochilum), 72, 75.
scelerosum (Agrjrpon), 94.
Schizoloma, 50, 66.
scutata (Lissopimpla), 34, 36.
secundum (Agrypon), 92, 93.
semilunata (Apechoneura), 23, 24.
seminiger (Certonotus), 27, 30.

(Paniscus), 114.

semipunctata (Lissopimpla), 33, 34.

(Rhyssa), 34.

semirufum (Anomalon), 85.
semirufus (Paniscus), 102, 104.
semperi (Echthromorpha), 39, 48.
sonorensis (Heteropelma), 68, 69.
speciosa (Epirhyssa), 8.
Spilanomalon, 50, 89.
spilopterus (Podogaster), 60, 61.
striata (Echthromorpha), 44.
striatus (Podogaster), 60.
stupenda (Lissopimpla), 34, 35.

(Trichrus), 35.

subfuscus (Paniscus), 103, 109.
sulcator (Exochilum), 72, 77.
sumatrense (Agrypon), 90, 92.
smnatrensis (Anomalon), 92.
superba (Ichneumon), 16.

(Thalessa), 16.

superbiens (Thalessa), 18.

szepligetii (Paniscus), 111.

tabascensis (Xiphosomella), 57, 58.
tenuipes (Exochiliim), 71, 73.
terminals (Apechoneura), 23, 26.

(Rhyssa), 26.

testacea (Magnibucca), 80.
testaceus (Paniscus), 103, 107, 113

117, 119, 122, 124, 127.
Tetragonalys, 101, 132.
texana (Eiphosoma), 51, 53.

(Hymenopharsalia), 98.

texanuni (Exochilvun), 71, 74.
texanus (Paniscus), 104, 111.
Thalessa, 3, 15.
tinctipenne (Anomalon), 83.
tinctipennis (Paniscus), 104, 110.
tisiphone (Agryphon), 90, 92.
trichiosoma (Exochilvun), 72, 77.
Trichomma, 50, 62.

Trichrus, 33.

tricoloripes (Epirhyssa), 8.
tridens (Echthromorpha), 38, 41.
tridentata (Rhyssa), 19.
trilineata (Baryljrpa), 81, 82.
tristis (Epirhyssa), 8.

unicolor (Ophion), 122.

(Paniscus), 119, 120.

variegata (Echthromorpha), 38, 46.

(Megarhyssa), 20.

variicolor (Anomalon), 88.
variilineata (Rhyssa), 12, 14.
variitarsum (Agrypon), 90, 91.
varilineata (Rhyssa), 14.
varius (Certonotus), 28, 32.
verticale (Exochilum), 72, 78.
vestigator (Certonotus), 27, 28.

(Rhyssa), 28.

veteratrix (Certonotus), 28, 32.
victoriana (Barylypa), 81.
villosum (Agrypon), 90.
virgatus (Parabatus), 129.
virginiensis (Hymenopharsalia), 98

99.
vitticolle (Anomalon), 85.

(Eiphosoma), 52, 55.

walkeri (Echthromorpha), 38, 42.
Westwoodia, 102, 135.
vvhjanperi (Parabatios), 128, 129.

xanthomelas (Barylypa), 81.
Xiphosoma, 51.
Xiphosomella, 50, 57.

^

CERTONOTUS GENICULATUS. Mori.