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Zoology eae

NEW SERIES, NO. 54 yes

Revision of the Species of Pinophilus Gravenhorst
(Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)
of America North of Mexico

Neal R. Abarbanell
James S. Ashe

BIOLOGY LIBRARH

BURRILL RAL

“T 05 109n
L* JAG

July 31, 1989
Publication 1401

PUBLISHED BY FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

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Croat, T. B. 1978. Flora of Barro Colorado Island. Stanford University Press, Stanford, Calif., 943 pp. B

Gruss, P. J., J. R. Luoyp, AND T. D. PENNINGTON. 1963. A comparison of montane and lowland rain forest
in Ecuador. I. The forest structure, physiognomy, and floristics. Journal of Ecology, 51: 567-601. e

Lancpon, E. J. M. 1979. Yagé among the Siona: Cultural patterns in visions, pp. 63-80. Jn Browman, D. L., 7
and R. A. Schwarz, eds., Spirits, Shamans, and Stars. Mouton Publishers, The Hague, Netherlands.

Murra, J. 1946. The historic tribes of Ecuador, pp. 785-821. In Steward, J. H., ed., Handbook of socal
American Indians. Vol. 2, The Andean Civilizations. Bulletin 143, Bureau of American Ethnology, SnutoGa F
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FIELDIANA

Zoology

NEW SERIES, NO. 54

Revision of the Species of Pinophilus Gravenhorst
(Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)
of America North of Mexico

Neal R. Abarbanell

1919 Washington Street
Evanston, Illinois 60202

James S. Ashe

Division of Insects
Field Museum of Natural History
Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496

Present Address:

Snow Entomological Museum
University of Kansas
Lawrence, Kansas 66045

Accepted February 19, 1988
Published July 31, 1989
Publication 1401

PUBLISHED BY FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

© 1989 Field Museum of Natural History
ISSN 0015-0754
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Table of Contents 15-18. Pinophilus latipes Gravenhorst, ae-
deagus; median lobe, dorsal, median
lobe, lateral, abdominal sternum IX,

ABSTRACT slgsGe (oes s ee Scone ne 1 ventral, abdominal sternum IX, lat-
INTRODUCTIONS kh ce eee 1 CfA eet unre cate ae Seo
GENERIC CLASSIFICATION? 2220. SS 2 l 19-24. Pinophilus latipes Gravenhorst;
MORPHOLOGY 427+ se sans neeees eee 2 mandible, dorsum of head, elytra,
SURFACE SCULPIURING)|..oc-5 fuses sa tins es 3 dorsum of head, detail of porose plates
LIFE HISTORY “AND-HIABIVATS 7 nore corn: SP i ey sean art onare tana ths oyevnnrendsr ene | acne pevegaicnee. Bees
GENUS PINOPHILUS GRAVENHORST ......... 3 25-29. Pinophilus latipes Gravenhorst; la-
Checklist of North American Species of Pi- brum, labrum (detail), maxilla, la-
MODUS: i.e aia eae eee 4 bium, labial palpus ...............
Key to Pinophilus Species of America 30-32. Pinophilus latipes Gravenhorst;
INOrtheOlMCKICO srs oe ee 4 mesosternum, anterior tarsus, dor-
Pinophilus densus LeConte ............ 4 sal, anterior tarsus, ventral... 02.2.
Pinophilus diffidens Casey ............. g 33-35. Pinophilus latipes Gravenhorst; ab-
Pinophilus gracilis Fall .............+. 8 dominal tergum III, oval cuticular
Pinophilus latipes Gravenhorst ........ 10 structures (detail), oval cuticular
Pinophilus opacus LeConte ............ 22 Structures; (detall)” sc snes ene es
Pinophilus parcus LeConte ............ 27 36. Pinophilus latipes Gravenhorst,
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: © oie cee es esa 31 known distribution ...............
VITERATURE GITED” . poco ota ee 31 37-40. Pinophilus opacus LeConte, ae-

deagus; median lobe, dorsal, median
lobe, lateral, abdominal sternum IX,
ventral, abdominal sternum IX, lat-

List of Illustrations Cals ace ee ee
41. Pinophilus opacus LeConte, known
GISITIDUTION: Sen Os oe ees
1-4. Pinophilus densus LeConte, aedea- 42-45. Pinophilus parcus LeConte, ae-
gus; median lobe, dorsal, median deagus; median lobe, dorsal, median
lobe, lateral, abdominal sternum IX, lobe, lateral, abdominal sternum IX,
ventral, abdominal sternum IX, lat- ventral, abdominal sternum IX, lat-
BRA ei ae eee oe aed AE toe 5 Cla Oe en ate eres ome ne
5. Pinophilus densus LeConte, known 46. Pinophilus parcus LeConte, dorsum
GISHOULODY oar kere eee 7 Oi Headen ew oe ce ne ieee ee ee ee
6-9. Pinophilus diffidens Casey, aedeagus; 47. Pinophilus parcus LeConte, known
median lobe, dorsal, median lobe, GISUIDUTMONG ross Cae oe ee ee

lateral, abdominal sternum IX, ven-
tral, abdominal sternum IX, lat-

CEA tS Cerne cn rok means 9
10. Pinophilus diffidens Casey and Pi- List of Tables
nophilus gracilis Fall, known distri-
DURION ie sor te bits ond cas ates ee 11
11-14. Pinophilus gracilis Fall, aedeagus; 1. Measurements of prothorax and elytra of
median lobe, dorsal, median lobe, SPECIES OF PIN ODMUUS: hac arene eee ee

lateral, abdominal sternum IX, ven-
tral, abdominal sternum IX, lat-
CAL see ren eT enue 12

iil

Revision of the Species of Pinophilus Gravenhorst

(Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)
of America North of Mexico

Abstract

The North American species of Pinophilus are
revised and redescribed. Keys to the species and
illustrations of diagnostic features are presented.

The genus Pinophilus Gravenhorst is repre-
sented in America north of Mexico by six species,
P. densus LeConte, P. diffidens Casey, P. gracilis
Fall, P. /atipes Gravenhorst, P. opacus LeConte,
and P. parcus LeConte. Eight previously described
species of Pinophilus are reduced to junior syn-
onymy. These are: P. aridus Casey, P. arizonicus
Casey, and P. pimalis Casey (as junior synonyms
of P. densus LeConte); P. obesus Casey (as a junior
synonym of P. /atipes Gravenhorst); P. confusus
Fall and P. parvipennis Casey (as junior synonyms
of P. opacus LeConte); and P. texanus Casey and
P. trajectus Casey (as junior synonyms of P. parcus
LeConte).

Introduction

The subtribe Pinophilina contains a large num-
ber of species, most of which are tropical in dis-
tribution. Approximately 452 species among 14
genera of Pinophilina have been described from
throughout the world. Of these eight species and
two genera (Pinophilus Grav. and Lathropinus
Sharp) occur in America north of Mexico. All of
them represent the northern limits of species groups
whose greatest diversity occurs in Central and
South America. The purpose of this paper is to
redescribe the North American species of Pinoph-
ilus and to resolve the doubtfully valid status of
several species described by Casey (1910).

Since the subject of this paper is limited to the

species of Pinophilus which occur in America north
of Mexico, we have not examined types of all the
numerous species of Pinophilus occurring in Cen-
tral America which were described by Sharp (1886).
We are not aware of synonyms of North American
species included among these; however, they merit
further investigation. Although this study includes
only a small proportion of the total taxonomic
diversity that exists within the subtribe Pinophi-
lina, several statements about phylogenetic rela-
tionships can be suggested. These statements,
however limited, will serve as a basis for addi-
tional work in this subtribe.

Since the type species of Pinophilus, P. latipes,
occurs in the region under study, it is used for the
most detailed morphological and descriptive treat-
ment. All of the North American Pinophilus ap-
pear to be quite closely related to P. /atipes, and,
should the genus be subdivided in the New World,
all of the North American species would probably
be placed in Pinophilus sensu stricto.

Generic Classification

In addition to the genus Pinophilus, the genera
Araeocerus Nordmann and Lathropinus Sharp have
been attributed to occur in North America (Erich-
son, 1840; Bernhauer & Schubert, 1912; Arnett,
1968; Moore & Legner, 1975). Araeocerus was dis-
tinguished from Pinophilus based on mandible
denticulation. Pinophilus has a well-developed
median tooth on the mandible (fig. 19), and Arae-
ocerus completely lacks mandibular teeth or has
a very minute tooth near the base. Lathropinus
was distinguished from Pinophilus by the presence
of spines on the middle tibia, and by a habitus

ABARBANELL & ASHE: PINOPHILUS GRAVENHORST 1

TABLE 1. Measurements (in millimeters) of prothorax and elytra of species of Pinophilus.

PW EW PL:PW EL:EW EL:PL EW:PW

No. of
speci-
Species Sex mens PL EL
Pinophilus
densus M 5 1.69 2.00
(.03) (.00)
densus F 5 1.78 2.16
(.06) (.07)
diffidens M 5 1.56 1.99
(.04) G2)
diffidens F 4 1.58 2.08
(.03) (.06)
gracilis M 5 1.18 1.50
(.03) (.05)
gracilis IF 5 ES 1.49
(.06) (.06)
latipes M 5 2.34 2.98
(.04) (.09)
latipes FE 5 Peey ss 3.14
(.07) (.06)
opacus M 5 51 1.59
(.05) (.09)
opacus Fi 2) 157. 1.63
(.06) G17)
parcus M 5 1.76 2.20
(.03) (.05)
parcus 13 5 1.85 2:27
(.03) (.03)

COOy. C04) C02) Oe. G03). 74.02)

PL = Pronotal length; EL = elytral length (measured from epipluron to base); Pw = pronotal width; Ew = elytral
width. Mean and standard deviation (in parentheses) are given for each measurement.

that more closely resembles the genus Lathrobium
(“apparently mimetic ... of Lathrobium ...,”
Sharp, 1886, p. 628). The characters distinguish-
ing these genera appear to be significant based on
the degree of difference between other genera of
Paederinae. However, generic distinction begins
to falter when examining the North American
species. Both picipes Er. and obsidianus Casey have
edentate mandibles as found in Araeocerus, but
they clearly have the habitus of Lathropinus. In-
deed, picipes has at different times been placed in
both genera (Sharp, 1886; Casey, 1910; Bernhauer
& Schubert, 1912; Moore & Legner, 1975).

On examination of Araeocerus niger (type species
of Araeocerus) it appears that edentate mandibles
may not be a significant generic character in the
Pinophilina. Araeocerus niger has very complex
and highly modified male genitalia as found in
Pinophilus. Pinophilus picipes and obsidianus have
the primitive type of genitalia as found in Lath-
ropinus. Edentate mandibles, therefore, have
probably evolved independently at least twice.

Morphology

Bopy SIZE AND FORM—AII of the North Amer-
ican Pinophilina are comparatively large in size.
Species range from a maximum length of 19.5
mm, Pinophilus latipes, to a minimum of 7.5 mm,
P. gracilis. Although overall body size varies con-
siderably for individual species, differences be-
tween some species are significant and size is useful
as a diagnostic character. Among the North Amer-
ican Pinophilus, the largest species is P. latipes; P.
parcus and P. densus are nearly equal in size and
slightly smaller than P. /atipes; P. opacus is smaller
than P. densus or P. parcus; and P. gracilis is the
smallest. The measurements of pronotal length (PL)
or pronotal width (pw) as shown in Table | are
clear indicators of body size differences. In body
form the species of Pinophilus are very consistent.
The only exception is the size of the elytra: P.
opacus has reduced elytral length (EL) and elytral
width (Ew), and compared to all other North
American species, has significantly smaller EL:PL

FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY

and Ew:Pw ratios (see table 1). The reduced elytra
are similar in appearance to those found in some
flightless Paederinae, but all specimens of P. opa-
cus examined have fully developed hind wings.

Surface Sculpturing

The unusual variety of surface sculpturing in
Pinophilus is one of the most distinctive features
of the genus. All of the species have large umbil-
icate punctures, as do most species of the subfam-
ily Paederinae. In some species of Pinophilus the
shallow impressions surrounding the umbilicate
punctures are markedly sculptured (figs. 20, 22,
46). Sculptured umbilicate punctures occur only
on the dorsal surface of the head and pronotum.

The degree of sculpturing varies widely from
species to species. The most extreme condition
occurs in the Neotropical species Pinophilus sul-
catus Sharp. Among the North American Pinoph-
ilus all except P. gracilis Fall have at least some
umbilicate punctures with distinct sculpturing. The
sculpturing is most pronounced toward the basal
and lateral margins of the head. The presence of
such punctures is undoubtedly a derived character
at some level within Pinophilus. As currently de-
fined, not all species of Pinophilus have sculptured
umbilicate punctures.

Additional taxonomic characters involving mi-
crosculpture include relative size and abundance
of micropunctures on surfaces between umbilicate
punctures. Micropuncture variation occurs prin-
cipally on the dorsal surfaces of the head and
pronotum, and ranges from numerous minute
punctures in Pinophilus parcus (fig. 46) to sparsely
micropunctate in most species of Pinophilus. Pi-
nophilus latipes is unique among the North Amer-
ican Pinophilina in having numerous medium-
sized as well as minute micropunctures of the dor-
sum of the head (fig. 20).

Distribution and relative abundance of umbil-
icate punctures is also significant taxonomically.
Variation occurs primarily on the dorsal surface
of the pronotum. All of the North American Pi-
nophilus have numerous umbilicate punctures on
the pronotum, and the midlongitudinal impunc-
tate space is very narrow or absent. The punctures
bordering the impunctate space may form a dis-
tinct longitudinal series in some species. Umbil-
icate punctures on the elytra also vary slightly
among pinophiline genera. In Pinophilus, the setae
associated with the umbilicate punctures arise from
the anterior edge of the impression (fig. 21).

The dorsal surfaces of the head, pronotum, and
elytra have additional, distinctive microstruc-
tures. Members of Pinophilus and Lathropinus have
minute, stout setae on all three areas. Species with
very distinctively sculptured umbilicate punctures
also have microsculpture surrounding some of the
microsetae. This is true particularly of P. /atipes
(figs. 20, 22). Most of the setae, large and minute,
have associated with them one or more minute
porase plates (figs. 22-24). These porose plates do
not appear to be correlated with the presence of
sculptured umbilicate punctures.

Life History and Habitats

Very little is known about the life history and
habitats of the Pinophilina. The great majority of
specimens available in existing collections were
collected at light or from light traps. A few spec-
imens have been collected in damp leaf litter, but
there does not appear to be any particular micro-
habitat preference. A few larval specimens have
also been collected in leaf litter, suggesting that
pinophilines may be true litter dwellers. If true,
then the species would appear to be generally dis-
tributed in the litter habitat, occurring in very low
density populations.

Only a single description of a pinophiline im-
mature stage is available in the literature (Paulian,
1941). His specimen was only tentatively identi-
fied as a Pinophilina (genus undetermined) by pro-
cess of elimination.

Genus Pinophilus Gravenhorst

Pinophilus Gravenhorst, 1802, p. 201; Laporte, 1835,
p. 121; Nordmann, 1837, p. 154; Erichson, 1839-
1840, p. 669; Kraatz, 1858, p. 667; Lacordaire,
1854, p. 102; Redtenbacker, 1874, p. 236; Lynch,
1884, p. 305; Sharp, 1886, p. 620; Casey, 1910,
p. 193; Cameron, 1920 (1921), pp. 348, 352; Ei-
chelbaum, 1908, p. 85; Gridelli, 1927, p. 114?;
Cameron, 1931, pp. 2-4; Bernhauer, 1937, p. 586;
Blackwelder, 1943, p. 376.

Type species: Pinophilus latipes Gravenhorst.

DIAGNosIs— Among North American pinophi-
line genera, the genus Pinophilus is distinguished
by the combination of the pronotum with nu-
merous umbilicate punctures (figs. 20, 22); the male
genitalia with flagellar orifice located dorsally (figs.
15-16); the dorsal plate of the male genitalia mod-

ABARBANELL & ASHE: PINOPHILUS GRAVENHORST 3

ified to form a very elongate, slender process which
fits into a grooved 9th abdominal sternum (figs.
17-18); and by the 8th abdominal sternum of the
male truncate or strongly produced posteriorly,
but not notched, with the exception of P. diffidens.

diffidens Casey
gracilis Fall
latipes Gravenhorst
obesus Casey, NEW SYNONYM
opacus LeConte

Checklist of North American
Species of Pinophilus

confusus Fall, NEW SYNONYM

parvipennis Casey, NEW SYNONYM
parcus LeConte

texanus Casey, NEW SYNONYM

trajectus Casey, NEW SYNONYM

densus LeConte
aridus Casey, NEW SYNONYM
arizonicus Casey, NEW SYNONYM
pimalis Casey, NEW SYNONYM

Key to Pinophilus Species of America North of Mexico

. Pronotum densely micropunctate, appearing dull (fig. 20)
. Pronotum with numerous umbilicate punctures, but very sparsely micropunctate, strongly shining

. Head dorsum with numerous medium-sized micropunctures as well as small micropunctures (figs.

P. latipes Gravenhorst

P. diffidens Casey

SAD re adele Sone (iat ts RET te ee P. densus LeConte

Fee bi Ra ES RE AE PS IS Ok Oa ee Rea My ee P. opacus LeConte

2(1)
20, 22); body size large, length 14.0-19.5 mm; pronotal length 2.34—2.38 mm (table 1); male 8th
sternum truncate; male 9th sternum with constricted apical portion wide, apex blunt; aedeagus
DGS DIE AOUIECS Er FOr ate tea cata Mt Le he eee tne Ae eee ON Zl
2'. Head with very few medium-sized and numerous small micropunctures (fig. 46); size smaller,
length 10-14.5 mm; pronotal length 1.76-1.85 mm (table 1); male 8th sternum with constricting
portion of apex very slender, apex pointed and hooked upward; aedeagus as in Figures 42-43
Me TAAL fr ANE ag OT A PE We See PETG Sere Oe Se ots OTE AGS wee Nay aye et fe Ard AE, P. parcus LeConte
3(1’). Male 8th sternum with shallow V-shaped notch; male 9th sternum tridentate (figs. 8-9); aedeagus
AS IOUT OS Om cate mer eg eye Mu hale tah oe On aes Sele ae ieee ee acces
3’. Male 9th sternum not tridentate; aedeagus not as in Figures 6—7
4(3’). Male 9th sternum broad, abruptly and strongly constricted apically, apex slender, pointed, strongly
upcurved (figs. 3-4); aedeagus as in Figures 1-2
4’. Male 9th sternum slender, slightly constricted apically, apex slightly hooked but not distinctly
upcurved (figs. 13-14); aedeagus not as in Figures 1-2
5(4'). Elytra entirely black; elytra short, subequal, or only slightly longer than pronotum (table 1);
aedeagus as in Figures 37-38
5!

Pinophilus densus LeConte
Pinophilus densus LeConte, 1863, p. 48; Casey, 1910,
Pinophilus aridus Casey, 1910, p. 196, NEW SYN-
Pinophilus arizonicus Casey, 1910, p. 195, NEW SYN-

Pinophilus pimalis trajectus Casey, 1910, p. 195, NEW

DiAGNosis— Pinophilus densus may be distin-
guished from other species of Pinophilus by the

. Elytra with narrow, posterior border light yellowish brown; elytra longer, 1.25 times or greater

than length of pronotum (table 1); aedeagus as in Figures 11-12 P. gracilis Fall

combination of the southwestern United States
distribution, the reddish anterior half of the head,
the abruptly constricted and strongly upcurved
apex of the male 9th abdominal sternum (figs. 3-
4), the strongly produced and apically truncate
posterior margin of the male 8th abdominal ster-
num, and by the form of the male aedeagus (figs.
1-2).

DESCRIPTION— Body dark reddish brown, an-
terior half of head, labrum, and apex of abdomen
light reddish brown; antennae, maxillae, and legs

p. 195; Arnett, 1968, p. 243.
ONYM.
ONYM.

SYNONYM.

FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY

1.0mm

Fics. 1-4. Pinophilus densus LeConte, aedeagus. 1, median lobe, dorsal aspect; 2, median lobe, lateral aspect; 3,
abdominal sternum IX, ventral aspect; 4, abdominal sternum IX, lateral aspect.

yellowish brown. Length 10-12 mm; pronotal and
elytral measurements given in Table 1.

Head with relatively few large umbilicate punc-
tures; impressions of umbilicate punctures micro-
reticulate, especially those toward base of head;
surface between umbilicate punctures smooth and

shining; intermediate-sized micropunctures ab-
sent; small micropunctures few in number and
widely spaced. Antennae, mouthparts, and other
features of the head as described for Pinophilus
latipes.

Pronotum with numerous umbilicate punc-

ABARBANELL & ASHE: PINOPHILUS GRAVENHORST 5

tures, impressions of umbilicate punctures micro-
reticulate; surface between umbilicate punctures
smooth and shiny, without microsculpture; mid-
longitudinal impunctate space narrow. Other fea-
tures of prothorax as described for Pinophilus la-
tipes. Legs, elytra, and mesosternum as described
for P. latipes.

Abdominal segments 3-7 as described for P.
latipes.

Female— Abdominal sternum 8 with posterior
margin strongly produced and rounded; sternum
9 with notch at apex deep and rounded (sterna 8
and 9 similar to P. parcus); other features of female
genitalia as described for P. latipes.

Male—Abdominal sternum 8 with posterior
margin very strongly produced, apex truncate; sur-
face of sternum anterior to posterior margin with-
Out setae; sternum 9 (figs. 3-4) broad and parallel
sided, apex abruptly constricted and narrowed to
upcurved point. Aedeagus (figs. 1-2) with median
lobe elongate, gradually broadened to apex, apex
bifid; dorsal surface of median lobe grooved at
apex; parameres very reduced, with ventral flange
well developed; flagellar foramen located at base;
dorsal process present; flagellum strongly coiled:
terminal portion of aedeagus not constricted.

RELATIONSHIPS— Among the North American
species Pinophilus densus is most closely related
to P. parcus. Probable shared derived characters
include the strongly produced and truncate pos-
terior margin of the male 8th sternum, and the
very reduced parameres of the aedeagus (figs. 1-
2, 42-43).

TYPE SPECIMENS— The type series of Pinophilus
densus LeConte (2 males, 1 female) is located in
the LeConte collection at the Museum of Com-
parative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Each
cotype bears an identical silver dot label, indicat-
ing an Arizona distribution (LeConte gives Col-
orado and Gila valleys as type locality). One male,
with genitalia dissected, is herein designated as
lectotype. The lectotype is missing its right anten-
na, but is otherwise in excellent condition.

The Casey collection at the United States Na-
tional Museum contains two specimens (both fe-
male) labeled as Pinophilus aridus Casey. Since
Casey did not state that the original description
was based on a unique specimen and also did not
designate a holotype, one of the specimens is herein
designated as the lectotype. It bears the following
labels “Ariz., Tucson; Casey bequest 1925; Type
USNM 38376.” Casey gave Arizona, near Tucson,
as the type locality. Pinophilus aridus Casey was
distinguished from P. densus by the convexity of

the eyes, and from P. arizonicus by a more elongate
body form. The characters given by Casey are not
sufficient to distinguish species, and are well with-.
in the variation expected of P. densus. |

The holotype, male, of Pinophilus arizonicus 1
Casey is located in the Casey collection at the)
United States National Museum, Washington,
D.C. The locality on the specimen indicates only :
“Ariz.”, but in the original description, Casey states —
that the type locality is probably southern Arizona. —
The holotype is missing both antennae beyond —
segment 2 and the middle left tarsus; otherwise,
it is in perfect condition. The aedeagus of the ho-
lotype was not dissected. Casey distinguished P.
arizonicus from P. densus by the convexity of the
eyes, the body size, and by very subtle characters
involving body sculpturing. None of these differ
significantly from the variation found within P.
densus. Abdominal sterna 8 and 9 are identical to
those of P. densus.

Pinophilus pimalis Casey was described as a sub-
species of P. trajectus. The latter is a synonym of
P. parcus; however, P. pimalis differs from it sig-
nificantly. It has the head reddish anteriorly and
blackened only toward the base, and a distinct
midlongitudinal impunctate space. These char-
acters clearly separate it from P. trajectus. In all
other respects it matches P. densus perfectly. The
holotype, female, of P. pimalis is located in the
Casey collection, United States National Museum.

DISTRIBUTION— Pinophilus densus occurs in the
southwestern states, Florida, Iowa, Kansas, Mis-
sissippi, and almost certainly in northern Mexico.
The southern limits of its distribution have not
been established (fig. 5).

SPECIMENS EXAMINED— We have examined 120 spec-
imens from the following localities: UNITED STATES:
Arizona: no locality (2 males, 1 female, USNM); Chas.
Palm (1 female, AMNH); Liebeck (2 females, Mcz); Pena
Blanca (1 male, FMNH); Salt River, Liebeck (1 female,
MCZ); Pima Co.: Arivaca, 30 January 1970, K. Stephan
(1 male, FMNH); 25 January 1970, K. Stephan (1 male,
FMNH); 27 July 1972, K. Stephan (1 female, FMNH); Tuc-
son, November 1952, Bradt (1 male, cAsc); 7 March
1936, Bryant (1 male, Mcz); Wickman (1 female, USNM);
21 July 1970, K. Stephan (1 female, FMNH); Pinal Co.:
at blacklight trap, 19 November 1968, P. Bartholomew
(1 female, casc); Aravaipa Canyon, 8 February 1970, K.
Stephan (1 male, FMNH); Phoenix, 10 December 1919,
E. Schiffel (15 males, 6 females, cAsc); 1920, E. Schiffel
(1 female, casc); 6 June 1970, K. Stephan (1 male, FMNH);
Liebeck (2 males, 2 females, Mcz); Roland Haywood (1
male, 2 females, Mcz); Santa Cruz Co.: Nogales, Santa
Cruz, 5 April 1975, K. Stephan (1 male, FMNuH); (1 fe-
male, USNM); Yuma Co.: Yuma, July, W. H. Mann (1
male, casc); S. Luis, 2 August 1940, Van Dyke (4 males,
3 females, casc); 30 June, Ian Moore & Van Dyke (1

FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY

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PINOPHILUS GRAVENHORST

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.

ABARBANELL & ASHE

female, cAsc); May, A. Fenyes (1 female, cAsc); 18 March
1912, J. R. Slevin (1 male, cAsc); 30 June, Van Dyke (1
female, CAsc); San Luis, 2 August 1940, Van Dyke (2
males, CNC); 6 mi N of San Luis, 11 August 1940, B. E.
White (2 females, FMNH); 4 April 1923, A. Fenyes (2
males, 2 females, CAsc); Yuma, Gila River, 600 ft ele-
vation, 28 June 1927, H. Notman (1 male, cNc). Cali-
fornia: no locality, 4 November 1926, Blaisdell (1 male
casc); April, A. Fenyes (1 female, cAsc); A. Agazzi (1
male, MCZz); Ft. Yuma, 21 August 1924, E. P. Vanduzee
(1 male, casc); /mperial Co.: 4 August 1925 (1 female,
CNC); Potholes, 12 April 1923, E. P. Vanduzee (2 males,
6 females, casc); 27 August (1 male, CAsc); Potholes, 4
August 1923, E. P. Vanduzee (1 female, cAsc); Potholes,
4 November 1925, Blaisdell (1 female, cAsc); El Centro,
26 January 1918, Blaisdell (1 female, cAsc); El Centro,
26 January 1910, Blaisdell (1 female, cAsc); Imperial
Dam, black light, 22 July 1965, L. Berman (6 males,
AMNH); 30 May 1925, G. H. Field (1 male, mcz); G. H.
Field (1 male, 1 female, Mcz); Westmoreland, blacklight
trap, 24 June 1959, Harrison (1 male, CNC); Inyo Co.:
25 June (1 female, CNc); Riverside Co.: Coachelle, 24
November 1931, A. Williamson (1 female, cAsc); 22
May 1928, Van Dyke (1 male, casc); San Diego Co.:
1966, A. Bierig (1 male, FMNH). Florida: Duval Co.: Jack-
sonville, 28 July 1942, R. O. Barnes & Stehr (1 male,
cnc); Highlands Co.: Lake Placid, Archbold Biological
Station, 30 March 1962, D. C. Ferguson (1 male, USNM).
Iowa: no locality, 24 May 1925, H. H. Keifer (1 male,
CASC). Kansas: no locality (1 male, 1 female, AMNH);
Leavenworth Co.: Leavenworth, 4 June 1984, H. Solton
(1 female, USNM); Potowatomee Co.: Manhattan, 15
March 1930 (1 female, AMNH). Louisiana: no locality (4
males, 3 females, AMNH). Mississippi: Carroll Co.: Hwy.
82, 8 mi E, 21 July 1971, D. Brzoska (1 female, AMNH).
Texas: Cameron Co.: Brownsville, November 1942, E.
S. Ross (1 male, cAsc); Cameron, 9 May 1908 (1 male,
cnc); Jefferson Co.: Port Arthur, 31 May 1948, M. Cazier
(1 male, AMNH).

Pinophilus diffidens Casey
Pinophilus diffidens Casey, 1910, p. 196.

D1aGnosis— Pinophilus diffidens may be distin-
guished from other North American species of Pi-
nophilus by the head dorsum with large umbilicate
and scattered micropunctures while lacking inter-
mediate-sized punctures, the relatively high EL:Ew
ratio (table 1), the male 9th abdominal sternum
broad with apex tridentate, and aedeagus with apex
triangulate and rounded.

DESCRIPTION— Body reddish brown throughout;
anterior margin of head, labrum, mandibles, and
apex of abdomen reddish brown; antennae, max-
illary palps, and legs yellowish brown. Length 9.5—
10.5 mm; pronotal and elytral measurements giv-
en in Table 1.

Head dorsum with large umbilicate and scat-
tered micropunctures, lacking intermediate-sized
punctures as in Pinophilus latipes. Impressions of

dorsal umbilicate punctures lacking microsculp-
ture. Antennae, mouthparts, and other features of
the head as described for P. /atipes.

Pronotum densely punctate with numerous um-
bilicate punctures; surface between punctures
without microsculpture; impressions of punctures’
without microsculpture. Remainder of prothorax
as described for P. /atipes. Legs, elytra, mesoster-
num, and abdominal segments 3-7 as described
for P. latipes.

Female— Abdominal sternum 8 with posterior
margin strongly produced, apex rounded; sternum
9 with notch at apex, apex rounded.

Male—Abdominal sternum 8 with posterior
margin strongly produced, apex with shallow
V-shaped notch. Abdominal sternum 9 broad with
apex tridentate (figs. 8-9). Aedeagus with median
lobe elongate, abruptly broadened to apex, apex
triangulate and rounded; parameres very reduced
(figs. 6-7).

RELATIONSHIPS— Pinophilus diffidens is a gen-
eralized North American Pinophilus species. While
sharing features with the gracilis-opacus species
pair, such as the position of the flagellar opening
(figs. 6-7, 11-12), P. diffidens additionally shares
features of the densus-parcus species pair, includ-
ing the aedeagus with median lobe elongate and
the very reduced parameres with ventral flange
well developed (figs. 6-7, 37-38).

TYPE SPECIMENS— The type series of Pinophilus
diffidens were examined from the Casey collection
from the United States National Museum. The
type series consists of 12 specimens (8 males, 4
females), of which one male bearing the label “Tex,
Casey bequest 1925, Type 38379, diffidens Csy.”
is herein designated as lectotype. The genitalia of
the lectotype specimen were dissected and stored
in glycerine. Type locality for P. diffidens is ‘‘Tex.”
Additional label data for the type series is ‘““Tex.”

DISTRIBUTION—From the limited number of
specimens and data available, Pinophilus diffidens
is currently known only from Texas (fig. 10).

SPECIMENS EXAMINED— We have examined 12 speci-
mens with the following data: UNITED STATES: Tex-
as: no locality (lectotype, 1 male; paratypes, 7 males, 4
females, USNM).

Pinophilus gracilis Fall
Pinophilus gracilis Fall, 1932, p. 57.

D1AGNosis— Pinophilus gracilis may be distin-
guished from other species of Pinophilus by the

FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY

7.0mm

9

Fics. 6-9. Pinophilus diffidens Casey, aedeagus. 6, median lobe, dorsal aspect; 7, median lobe, lateral aspect; 8,
abdominal sternum IX, ventral aspect; 9, abdominal sternum IX, lateral aspect.

ABARBANELL & ASHE: PINOPHILUS GRAVENHORST 9

combination of the small body size (length 7.5-
9.5 mm, see also table 1), the elytra color black
with a very narrow posterior border pale, the 9th
abdominal sternum of the male evenly narrowed
to apex, not abruptly constricted, the flagellum of
the aedeagus not coiled, and by the flagellar open-
ing of the aedeagus located on the middorsal sur-
face of the median lobe.

DESCRIPTION— Body dark reddish to black; an-
terior margin of head, labrum, mandibles, poste-
rior margin of elytra, and apex of abdomen reddish
brown; antennae, maxillary palps, and legs light
yellowish brown. Length 7.5-—9.5 mm; measure-
ments of pronotum and elytra given in Table 1.

Head dorsum with relatively few umbilicate
punctures, impressions of dorsal and lateral punc-
tures without microsculpture; surface between
punctures smooth and shiny, very sparsely and
finely micropunctate. Antennae noticeably shorter
than Pinophilus latipes, segments 7-10 each short-
er than twice their width. Mouthparts and other
features of the head as described for P. latipes.

Pronotum with numerous umbilicate punc-
tures; midlongitudinal impunctate area very nar-
row; impressions of punctures lacking microsculp-
ture; surface between punctures smooth and
shining, not micropunctate. Other features of pro-
thorax as described for Pinophilus latipes. Legs,
elytra, and mesosternum as described for P. /a-
tipes.

Abdominal segments 3-7 as described for P.
latipes.

Female— Abdominal sternum 8 with posterior
margin moderately produced, less produced than
Pinophilus densus; 9th sternum with deep V-shaped
notch at apex; 9th tergum with apical notch broad-
ly rounded.

Male—Abdominal sternum 8 with posterior
margin strongly produced, apex truncate; 9th ster-
num broad basally, gradually tapered toward apex,
with small, dorsal projecting hook; ventral surface
with short, longitudinal carina near middle (figs.
13-14). Aedeagus with median lobe short, broad,
apex triangular; dorsum of median lobe not
grooved apically; parameres short and stout, but
not greatly reduced, medial tooth present; ventral
flange of paramere absent; flagellar orifice located
on ventral surface of median lobe; flagellum
straight, not greatly coiled within base of aedeagus;
dorsal process absent; basal portion of aedeagus
strongly constricted (figs. 11-12).

RELATIONSHIPS— Among the North American
species, the nearest relative of Pinophilus gracilis
appears to be P. opacus LeConte. This proposed

10

relationship is based on the short and uncoiled
flagellum of the male genitalia and on the position
of the flagellar opening (figs. 1 1-12, 37-38). These
are also the only two among the North American
species that have the 9th sternum of the males |
gradually narrowed and very slightly constricted
at the apex (figs. 13-14, 39-40).

TYPE SPECIMENS— The holotype and two para-
types of Pinophilus gracilis were examined from
the Fall collection at the Museum of Comparative
Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. The male
genitalia of the holotype were dissected and stored
in a glycerine vial with the specimen. The type
locality for P. gracilis is Tallulah, Louisiana; ad-
ditional label data for the type series was given in
the original description (Fall, 1932).

DISTRIBUTION— Records indicate Pinophilus
gracilis predominates states bordering the north
and west coasts of the Gulf of Mexico; however,
a single specimen has been recorded from Kansas.
No specimens have been found yet from Florida
(fig. 10).

SPECIMENS EXAMINED— We have examined 43 speci-
mens from the following localities: UNITED STATES:
Kansas: Douglas Co.: April, E. S. Tucker (1 male, AMNH).
Louisiana: Madison Pa.: Tallulah, 2 July 1930, H. B.
Mills (paratypes: 1 male, 1 female, Mcz); 23 July 1930,
P. A. Glick (holotype: 1 male, Mcz); Vermilion Pa.:
Gueydan, at light, 25-26 June 1925, E. Kalmbach (1
male, 1 female, USNM). Texas: Anderson Co.: Salmon, 7
June 1975, black light, J. S. Ashe (1 female, FMNH); Cam-
eron Co..: Brownsville, 11-16 June 1933, Darlington (1
female, MCz); at light, October 1942, E. S. Ross (2 males,
cAsc); Comanche Co.: Proctor and nearby farms, 24 June
1970, J. W. Smith & A. R. Hardy (7 males, 2 females,
AMNH); Nueces Co.: Lake Corpus Christi, 9 mi S Swinney
Switch, 22 July 1974 (13 males, 9 females, FMNH); San
Patricio Co.: Sinton, Welder Wildlife Foundation, 3 May
1967, A. & M. E. Blanchard (2 females, USNM).

Pinophilus latipes Gravenhorst

Pinophilus latipes Gravenhorst, 1802, p. 201; Say, 1834,
p. 456; Erichson, 1840, p. 674; Lacordaire, 1854
(illustrated plate 15, fig. 7); Blatchley, 1910, p.
440; Casey, 1910, p. 194.

Pinophilus obesus Casey, 1910, p. 194, NEW SYN-
ONYM.

DiaGnosis— Pinophilus latipes may be distin-
guished from other species of Pinophilus by the
combination of the pronotum with numerous mi-
cropunctures between larger umbilicate punctures,
the head with numerous intermediate as well as
small-sized micropunctures; the males with the
apex of the 9th abdominal sternum abruptly con-

FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY

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ABARBANELL & ASHE: PINOPHILUS GRAVENHORST

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13, abdominal sternum IX, ventral aspect; 14, abdominal sternum IX, lateral aspect.

12 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY

Fics. 15-18. Pinophilus latipes Gravenhorst, aedeagus. 15, median lobe, dorsal aspect; 16, median lobe, lateral
aspect; 17, abdominal sternum IX, ventral aspect; 18, abdominal sternum IX, lateral aspect.

ABARBANELL & ASHE: PINOPHILUS GRAVENHORST

stricted, the constricted portion of the 9th sternum
rather broad, nearly straight in lateral view, and
blunt at tip (figs. 17-18), and by the form of the
aedeagus (figs. 15-16).

DESCRIPTION— Body black throughout; legs,
maxillae, and antennae yellowish brown; labrum,
mandibles, and apex of abdomen reddish brown.
Body broad, elytra longer and broader than prono-
tum (see table 1). Length 14.0-19.5 mm; mea-
surements of pronotum and elytra are given in
Table 1.

Head dorsum with three types of punctures: large
umbilicate, medium-sized punctures not associ-
ated with setae, and small micropunctures.
Impressions of large umbilicate punctures micro-
reticulate (see figs. 20, 22). Eyes large, without
interfacetal setae. Antennae elongate and slender,
segments about 3—4 times longer than wide. La-
brum short and very wide; middle with broad,
rounded notch; each side of notch with blunt, shal-
low tooth; dorsum with 7-8 large setae on surface
and numerous (35 or more) small setae along an-
terior margin (figs. 25-26). Mandibles: right and
left nearly identical in size and shape; each with
large, bifid median tooth; apex acuminate; outer
margin with 3 (sometimes 4) setae near base (fig.
19). Maxillae: cardo without setae; basistipes with
1 seta on each posterolateral corner and one seta
along middle of inner margin; dististipes with 4
setae along outer margin; palpus with 4 segments,
segment | very short, segments 2-4 elongate, sub-
equal; palpal segment 1 with 3-4 minute setae,
segments 2-3 densely pubescent; 4th segment
asymmetrical, as long as and broader than 3rd (fig.
27). Labium: ligula broadly bilobed, membranous;
adoral surface with blunt, lightly sclerotized tooth
and with large, V-shaped patch of fine setae within
the V-shaped hypopharangeal combs (fig. 28); pre-
mentum with 4 pair of setae between bases of
labial palps; mentum with 2 large setae near an-
terolateral corners and patch of small setae at cor-
ners; palps 3 segmented, segment | with one large
seta on medial margin (figs. 28-29), segment 2
with 3 large setae at apex of ventral surface and
numerous medium to small setae on dorsal and
lateral surfaces; segment 3 constricted before apex,
with minute setae scattered about the surface. Sub-
mentum with 2 pair of setae along anterior margin.
Gula without setae; gular sutures strongly conver-
gent posteriorly to nuchal constriction and strong-
ly divergent from constriction to base of head;
sutures nearly contiguous at point of narrowest
separation.

Pronotum densely punctuate with narrow me-

14

dian impunctate area along midline; umbilicate
punctures and micropunctures as on head; lateral
marginal ridge slightly curved in lateral view,
widely separated from protergosternal sutures an-
teriorly.

Prosternum very short, with large midlongitu-
dinal carina; prosternal process short, continuous
with lightly sclerotized plate extending beneath
coxae and completely enclosing coxal cavities.
Mesosternum as in Figure 30. Elytra densely punc-
tate, punctures not forming distinct series; surface
between punctures smooth and shining, without
micropunctures, punctures not umbilicate as on
head and pronotum, seta arising from anterior
margin of puncture (fig. 21); epipleural ridge ab-
sent. Legs: anterior femur and tibia very robust;
anterior tarsus greatly expanded in males and fe-
males, with large pads beneath (figs. 31-32); mid-
dle and hind tarsus slightly expanded, 5th segment
arising from basodorsal surface of 4th; hind tibia
with well-developed ctenidia on inner and outer
margins of apex.

Abdomen: terga 3-7 with pair of oval cuticular
structures (function unknown; see figs. 33-35) near
anterior margin; spiracles of segments 3-8 located
at anterolateral corners; 2 pair of lateral sclerites
present on segments 3-6; segment 7 with one pair
of lateral sclerites; sternum 1 with median carina
and lateral pair of carina along anterior margin.

Female— Abdominal sternum 8 with posterior
margin shallowly produced, surface with numer-
ous small setae in central region; sternum 9 with
apex deeply notched, not showing evidence of di-
vided coxities or valvifers; tergum 9 with apex
shallowly notched; tergum 10 absent.

Male—Abdominal sternum 7 with posterior
margin broadly and shallowly concave; sternum 8
with posterior margin truncate, surface with broad
asetose area in front of posterior margin. Sternum
9 broad at base, slightly narrowed toward apex,
apex strongly constricted, blunt and shallowly up-
curved (figs. 17-18). Aedeagus (figs. 15-16) with
median lobe moderately long, evenly narrowed to
pointed apex; dorsum of median lobe not grooved;
parameres broad and short, but not greatly re-
duced, inner margin with blunt tooth; ventral flange
of paramere well developed; flagellar foramen lo-
cated basally; flagellum very long and coiled with-
in base of aedeagus; dorsal process well developed;
basal portion of aedeagus not constricted.

TYPE SPECIMENS— The type series of Pinophilus
latipes is located in the Zoologisches Museum,
Museum fiir Naturkunde der Humboldt-Univer-
sitat, Berlin, East Germany. It consists of four

FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY

Fics. 19-24.

_— $ :
~ cv

Pinophilus latipes Gravenhorst. 19, mandible, 60x; 20, dorsum of head, micropunctures, 300 x;

21, elytra, position of setae in pores, 312; 22, dorsum of head, micropunctures and porose plates; 23-24, detail of

porose plates, 5,000 x.

specimens: one male and two females bearing the
labels ““Pennsylvania, Nordm. Nr. 6479, Typus,
Zool Mus. Berlin” and one male bearing the label
““Latipes, gr. Pennsylv. Nord 6479, Typus, Zool.
Mus. Berlin,” which is herein designated as lec-
totype. The genitalia of the lectotype were dis-

sected and stored in a glycerine vial with the spec-
imen. The lectotype is missing the left antennae
beyond segment 8, but is otherwise in excellent
condition.

The type series of Pinophilus obesus Casey is
located in the Casey collection at the United States

ABARBANELL & ASHE: PINOPHILUS GRAVENHORST 15

TN PH
] bal £4

Fics. 25-29. Pinophilus latipes Gravenhorst. 25, labrum, dorsal aspect, 68 x; 26, labrum, detail of setal patterns,
144x; 27, maxilla, 120; 28, labium, adoral aspect, 120 x; 29, labial palpus, 250 x.

National Museum. It consists of three males and
four females, all bearing the following labels ‘““Tex
(with red dot indicating El Paso); Casey bequest
1925; type (or paratype) USNM 38374; obesus Csy.”
One male is herein designated as lectotype. The
genitalia of the lectotype were not dissected. The
lectotype is missing the right antennae beyond seg-

16

ment 4, but is otherwise in perfect condition. Ca-
sey distinguished P. obesus from P. latipes based
on head, pronotal, and elytral proportions and on
subtle characters involving punctures of the
pronotum and elytra. None of the characters men-
tioned by Casey depart significantly from the range
of variation found within P. /atipes.

FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY

Fics. 30-32. Pinophilus latipes Gravenhorst. 30, mesosternum, ventral aspect, 45; 31, anterior tarsus, dorsal
aspect, 50 x; 32, anterior tarsus, ventral aspect, 65x.

ABARBANELL & ASHE: PINOPHILUS GRAVENHORST We

Fics. 33-35. Pinophilus latipes Gravenhorst. 33, abdominal tergum III, left dorsal aspect, showing position of
oval cuticular structures, 125 x; 34, oval cuticular structures, detail, 620 x; 35, oval cuticular structures, detail, 800 x.

18 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY

RELATIONSHIPS— Pinophilus latipes is probably
the most generalized among the North American
Pinophilus species. It shares several features with
the gracilis-opacus species pair, but these are here
interpreted as primitive. These include the long
slender dorsal plate, the accessory flanges located
below the parameres, and the basal location of the
flagellar opening (figs. 11-18, 37-40).

DISTRIBUTION— Pinophilus latipes is one of the
most abundant North American species of Pi-
nophilus. It occurs in eastern North America from
New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Ohio south through
Florida, and as far west as eastern Texas and Okla-
homa (fig. 36).

SPECIMENS EXAMINED— We have examined 565 spec-
imens from the following localities: UNITED STATES:
Alabama: no locality (1 male, FMNH); Autauga Co.:
Montgomery, 27 May 1952, W. Rosenberg (1 male, 1
female, USNM); 18 June 1951, W. Rosenberg (1 male,
USNM); Lee Co.: Auburn, 14 March 1971, E. J. Kiteley
(2 females, cNc); 5 March 1971, E. J. Kiteley (2 males,
2 females, cnc); Jefferson Co.: Birmingham, shades
mountain, at light, 10 July 1979, T. King (1 female,
FMNH); Mobile Co.: Mobile, 26 June 1927, J. C. Pallister
(1 male, FMNH); 20-22 April 1957, H. & A. Howden (1
male, cNc); Morgan Co.: Decatur, 4 June 1950?, P. H.
Thompson (1 male, USNM); Tuscaloosa Co.: 8 May 1949,
B. D. Valentine (2 males, AMNH); at light, 2 May 1953,
B. Valentine (1 male, 1 female, AMNH); Walker Co.: Jas-
per, 17 July 1979, light, T. King (1 female, FMNH). Ar-
kansas: no locality (1 male, FMNH); Fulton Co.: UV light
trap, C. L. Selman (1 female, FMNH); Hempstead Co.: H.
C. Fall (1 male, 1 female, Mcz); 16 June 1926, John
George Gehring (1 female, Mcz); 28 May 1933, R. Hap-
ping (1 male, cAsc); Hope, 28 May 1933, R. Hopping
Coll. (3 females, cAsc). Florida: no county, Paradise Key,
4 June 1951, H. & A. Howden (1 male, USNM). Alachua
Co.: Gainesville, 23 June 1959, R. E. Woodruff (1 fe-
male, MCz); 29-31 March 1960, H. F. Howden (1 female,
cnc); light trap, June-July 1955 (1 male, cnc); blacklight
trap, 14 March 1963, R. E. Woodruff (1 female, FMNu);
blacklight trap, 8-12 April 1968, R. E. Woodruff (5 males,
6 females, FSCA); 27-29 May 1968 (1 male, | female,
FSCA); Broward Co.: Hollywood, 12 May 1967, D. E.
Bright (1 female, CNC); Collier Co.: 8 mi SE Naples, UV
light, 12 July 1972, M. Druckenbrod (1 female, USNM);
Seminole State Park, 22 June 1965, C. W. O’Brien,
blacklight trap (4 males, 2 females, cNc); Dade Co.: Ev-
erglades, Coopertown, | March 1968, A. Smetana (1
male, 1 female, CNC); Everglades National Park, Royal
Palm Hammock, forest, UV, 30 July 1981, S. Peck (1
female, CNC); 18 mi NW Hialeah, Hwy. 27, blacklight
trap, 20 June 1965, C. W. O’Brien (2 males, 1 female,
cnc); Duval Co.: Jacksonville, 26 June 1956, P. H.
Thompson (1 male, USNM); 2 July 1957, P. H. Thompson
(1 female, USNM); Gadsden Co.: Quincy, at light, 8 June
1950, H. K. Townes (2 males, USNM); Hardee Co.: Tor-
reya State Park, 1 May 1952, J. R. McGillis (3 males, 3
females, CNC); 29 June 1952, J. R. McGillis (1 female,
cnc); Hernando Co.: Brooksville, at light, 20-21 June
1955, H. Dybas (1 male, 1 female, FMNH); Highlands
Co.: Archbold Biological Station, 24 April 1967, D. E.

Bright (1 female, cNc); Archbold Biological Station, at
light, 30 March 1975, J. H. Bengston (5 males, 2 females,
FMNH); 28 February 1975, J. H. Bengston (3 males, FMNH);
23 September 1978, W. Rosenberg (2 males, USNM); 18
April 1976, W. Rosenberg (1 male, USNM); 28 April 1976,
W. Rosenberg (1 male, USNM); 12 February 1975, J. H.
Bengston (2 males, 2 females, FMNH); 20 April 1975, J.
L. Bengston (2 males, FMNH); at light, 12-19 June 1955,
H. S. Dybas (4 males, 5 females, FMNH); at light, 16
March 1975, J. L. Bengston (1 male, FMNH); at light, 17
March 1975, J. L. Bengston (1 male, FMNH); 20 April
1976, William Rosenberg (1 male, USNM); 17 April 1978,
W. Rosenberg (1 male, AMNH); 23 April 1978, W. Ro-
senberg (1 male, 1 female, AMNH); 7 April 1975, Rosen-
berg (1 male, USNM); 8 April 1975, Rosenberg (1 male,
1 female, USNM); 29 April 1976, Rosenberg (3 males,
USNM); 17 September 1978, Rosenberg (1 male, AMNH);
19 October 1978, Rosenberg (1 male, USNM); 4 Novem-
ber 1975 (1 male, AMNH); 6 April 1975, Rosenberg (4
males, 3 females, USNM); 28 April 1976, Rosenberg (2
males, AMNH); 27 April 1976, Rosenberg (1 male, USNM);
24 April 1976, Rosenberg (2 males, 3 females, USNM);
24 June 1979, Rosenberg (1 male, AMNH); 17 April 1976,
Rosenberg (1 male, USNM); 29 November 1978, W. M.
Rosenberg (1 male, USNM); 24 September 1978, W. M.
Rosenberg (1 male, USNM); 15 February 1975, W. Ro-
senberg (1 male, USNM); hammock, blacklight trap, 24
June 1965, C. W. O’Brien (2 males, USNM); Hammock
State Park, blacklight trap, 15 June 1965, L. & C. W.
O’Brien (1 female, CNc); at light, 16 February 1975, J.
H. Bengston (1 female, FMNH); 3 mi E Lake Placid, 14
August 1975, W. Suter (1 female, FMNH); | April 1947,
J. W. Green (1 male, CAsc); at light, 23 March 1975, J.
L. Bengston (1 female, FMNH); 15 April 1975, Rosenberg
(1 male, 3 females, USNM); 26 September 1978, W. Ro-
senberg (2 females, USNM); 29 September 1978, W. Ro-
senberg (1 male, 2 females, USNM); 4 April 1975, W.
Rosenberg (1 male, 6 females, USNM), 2 April 1975, Ro-
senberg (1 female, USNM); 9 April 1975, W. Rosenberg
(1 female, USNM); 21 April 1976, Rosenberg (1 female,
USNM); 15 April 1976, Rosenberg (1 female, USNM); 27
September 1978, W. M. Rosenberg (1 male, | female,
USNM); 13 April 1975, W. Rosenberg (1 female, USNM);
24 March 1973, W. Rosenberg (1 female, USNM); S-29
2 mi N of TCT S-70, Parker Isl., 28 March 1967, M.
Deyrup (1 female, AMNH); 29 May 1964, R. W. Hodges
(1 female, USNM); Lake Placid, Archbold Biological Sta.,
5 April 1975, Rosenberg (1 female, USNM); 12 June 1966
(1 male, Mcz); 12 June 1966, R. Silberglied (1 male, Mcz);
UV black light (3 females, Mcz); 24 June 1966, Silber-
glied (1 female, Mcz); 23 March 1975, Bengston (1 male,
FMNH); 26 March 1962, D. C. Ferguson (1 female, USNM);
10 September 1975, Rosenberg Coll. (1 male, 1 female,
USNM); 6 mi S Lake Placid, 9-13 March 1968, A. Sme-
tana (7 males, 6 females, cNc); Hillsborough Co.: Tampa,
MacDill Field, 13 March 1943, B. Malkin (1 female,
FMNH); Hillsboro River State Park, oak-palm, UV light,
5 August 1981, S. Peck (2 males, CNC); Jackson Co.:
Marianna, 9 April 1954, A. K. Wyatt (1 female, FMNu);
Fla. Caverns State Park, floodplain for UV, 11 August
1981, S. Peck (1 male, 1 female, cNc); Lake Co.: Tavares,
spring 1956, W. Rosenberg (1 male, USNM); March 1955,
W. Rosenberg (1 female, USNM); Lee Co.: Ft. Meyers, |
April 1912 (1 female, AMNH); Leon Co.: Tall Timbers
Res. Sta., UV trap, 29 June 1979, Wibmer & Marshall
(1 male, 1 female, FMNH); Tallahassee, 4 March 1976,

ABARBANELL & ASHE: PINOPHILUS GRAVENHORST 19

G. B. Marshall (1 male, FMNH); Marion Co.: 8 mi E
Ocala, 26 December 1977, E. D. Healy (1 female, FMNH);
Manatee Co.: Oneco, blacklight trap, 12-13 April 1966,
R. E. Woodruff (1 female, Fsca); Pinellas Co.: Tarpon
Springs, at light, 21 March 1950, H. & A. Howden (1
female, USNM); Sarasota Co.: Myakka River State Park,
UV light trap, 23 July 1976, C. W. O’Brien (1 female,
FMNH); Suwannee Co.: Suwannee River State Park, UV
light, 15 June 1981, S. Peck (1 male, CNC); Volusia Co.:
Delano, 19 March 1953, H. Ramstadt (1 female, FMNH);
22 March 1954, A. K. Wyatt (3 males, FMNH); Edgewater,
at light, 11 December 1939, L. A. Frost (1 male, Mcz);
Sanford, April 1956, W. Rosenberg Coll. (1 female, USNM);
2 March 1961, C. W. Desin (1 female, Fsca). Georgia:
no locality, F. C. Bowditch (1 female, Mcz); A. Feynes
Coll. (1 female, casc); Clarke Co.: 15 May 1929, Rich-
ards (1 female, AMNH); Decatur Co.: Bainbridge, 15-27
July 1909, J. C. Bradley (1 male, FMNH); Forsyth Co.:
Gainesville, 14-V-II (1 female, UsNM); Lowndes Co.:
blacklight trap, 13 May 1963 (16 males, 26 females,
FMNH); blacklight trap, 18 May 1963 (1 female, FMNH);
Ware Co.: Waycross (6 mi SE) at light, 23-24 June 1955,
H. S. Dybas (2 males, FMNH); light trap, 17 June 1967,
R. C. Fox (1 female, AMNH). Illinois: Union Co.: Pine
Hills Field Station, 15—22 May 1967, J. M. Campbell (2
males, CNC); Pine Hills, near Pine Hills campground, 7
May 1976, A. Smetana (1 female, cNc); Vermilion Co.:
Danville, 12 June 1958, R. A. Scheibner (1 female, AMNH).
Indiana: Brown Co.: The Bear Wallow, 6 June 1968, C.
E. White & J. F. Brimley (1 female, cNc); Tippecanoe
Co.: 29 June 1940, J. W. Green (1 female, cAsc); Lafay-
ette, 16 May 1963, E. J. Kiteley (1 male, cnc); Wabash
Co.: 17 June 1937, H. S. Dybas (1 male, FMNH). Iowa:
no locality, F. C. Bowditch (1 female, Mcz). Kansas:
Douglas Co.: Lawrence, 7 October 1933, Blackwelder (1
female, USNM); Labette Co.: Oswego, night lights, 20 May
1970, G. F. Hevel (1 female, USNM); black light, 19 May
1970, Gary F. Hevel (1 female, usNM); McPherson Co.:
McPherson, August, W. Khaus (1 female, AMNH); Mont-
gomery Co.: Montgomery, 3 June 1963, N. & B. Maston
(1 female, AMNH). Kentucky: no locality, Chas. Palm (1
female, AMNH); Hy. Edwards (1 female, AMNH); Christian
Co.: J. M. Campbell (1 female, cNc); Rowan Co.: More-
head, 25 May 1975, L. E. Watrous (1 male, 4 females,
FMNH); | July 1962, Freeman & Lewis (1 male, CNC).
Louisiana: no locality (2 males, 1 female, FMNH); (2 fe-
males, AMNH); (2 females, cNc); A. T. Solsson (1 female,
AMNH); F. A. Eddy (2 males, 1 female, Mcz); 1919 (1
female, Mcz); Casey (2 males, USNM); 1925, Casey (3
females, CAsc); Fredrick Blanchard (1 male, Mcz); no
parish, Bock, A. Fenyes (3 males, 3 females, cAsc); Con-
cordia Pa.: 5 mi W Ferriday, 2 May 1976, A. Smetana
(1 male, cnc); Claiborne Pa.: Caney Lake near Minden,
3 July 1963, P. J. Spangler (1 male, USNM); Jefferson Pa.:
New Orleans, 29 May 1948, M. Cazier (1 male, FMNH);
at light, 19 May 1944, J. M. Hughes (1 female, cNc);
Harahan, at light, 20 August 1944, H. Dybas (1 male,
FMNH); 26 July 1944, H. Dybas (1 female, FMNH); La-
fayette Pa.: Lafayette, 6 July 1963, D. Carlson (2 females,
AMNH); Madison Pa.: Tallalah, 2 July 1930 (1 female,
Mcz); Ouachita Pa.: Monroe, 17 June 1953, C. & P.
Vaurie (1 female, AMNH); Monroe, 15 May 1929, Rich-
ards (1 female, AMNH); Vermilion Pa.: Gueydan, at light,
25 June 1925, E. Kalmbrach (1 female, USNM). Mary-
land: no county, Plummers Isl., 11 May 1905, Barber &
Schwarz (1 female, USNM); at light, 26 June 1932, H. S.

20

Barber (1 male, USNM); 26 May 1908, E. A. Schwarz (1
female, USNM); at light, 29 June 1922, L. L. Buchanan
(2 females, USNM); 26 April 1913, H. S. Barber (1 male,
USNM); 10 April 1905, E. A. Schwarz (1 male, USNM); 18
January 1914, W. L. McAtee (1 male, usNm); 20 May
1903, W. V. Warner (2 males, USNM); 24 May 1912 (1
male, USNM); at light, 26 May 1914, E. A. Schwarz (1 ~
male, USNM); 20 May 1903, W. V. Warner (1 male, AMNH);
light trap, 28 July 1921, H. S. Barber (1 male, USNM); at
light, 3 June 1923 (1 male, USNM); 23 May 1903 (1 fe-
male, USNM); 9 April 1905, E. A. Schwarz (1 female,
USNM); 7 June 1913, Barber & Schwarz (1 female, USNM);
23 June 1921, H. S. Barber (1 female, USNM); 25 April
1921, H. S. Barber (2 females, USNM); 25 June 1932, H.
S. Barber (1 female, USNM); Calvert Co.: Chesapeake
Beach, UV light, 23 May 1970, M. Druckenbrod (1 male,
2 females, USNM); 9-4 (1 male, Mcz). Mississippi: no
locality, F. Psota Coll. (1 male, 2 females, FMNH); Grena-
da Co.: Grenada, 15 June 1938, Henry Dybas (1 male,
FMNH); Hancock Co.: Gulfport, July 1938, Blackwelder
(1 male, AMNH); Clermont Harbor, 25 August 1965, H.
R. Hepburn (1 male, cNc); Harrison Co.: Landon New-
man Lumber Company, light trap, 17 June 1968, D. S.
Chandler (3 males, 3 females, FMNH); Lafayette Co.: Ox-
ford, 5 June 1949, H. V. Weems, Jr. (1 female, mcz);
Leflore Co.: Greenwood, 6 July 1971, D. Brzoska (2
males, FMNH); 4 June 1972, D. Brzoska (1 male, AMNH);
3 June 1972, D. Brzoska (1 male, AMNH). Missouri: no
locality, Bowditch (1 female, Mcz); Eddy (1 female, mcz);
no county, Rankin, 30 May 1937, E. P. Meiners & J. W.
Green (1 male, casc); Benton Co.: near Warsaw, UV
light, 15 May 1964, Robert L. Holtzman (1 female, AMNH);
Boone Co.: 10 November 1938, W. S. Craig (1 male,
cnc); Franklin Co.: Maramee State Park, 28 July 1975,
K. Stephen (1 male, FMNH); Hickory Co.: Hermitage, 10
June 1971, D. Brzoska (2 males, 1 female, cNc). New
Jersey: no locality, F. A. Eddy (1 male, mcz); Casey (1
male, USNM); Burlington Co.: Atsion, 11 June 1945, J.
W. Green (1 female, FMNH); 11 June 1945, J. W. Green
(3 males, 8 females, CAsc); 27 June 1946, J. W. Green
(1 male, casc). North Carolina: no locality (1 male, 1
female, Mcz); Cleveland Co.: 19 May 1965, T. N. Free-
man (1 female, cNc); Edgecombe Co.: Rocky Mount,
light, 10 November 1948 (1 female, UsNM); Granville
Co.: 3 mi E Oxford, UV light, 21 July 1972, M. Druck-
enbrod (1 male, 1 female, USNM); Hoke Co.: Southern
Pines, 18 December 1914, A. H. Manee (1 female, AMNH);
14 November, Casey (1 male, USNM); Hyde Co.: Ocra-
coke Isl., Ocracoke, 10-14 August 1972, A. Smetana (1
male, 1 female, cNc); Rockingham Co.: Reidsville, at
light, 30 May 1973, J. S. Ashe (2 females, FMNH); 10
August 1973, J. S. Ashe (1 female, FMNH); Wake Co.:
Raleigh, 6 October 1940 (1 female, cNc); 28 April 1942,
R. C. Barnes (1 female, CNc); at light, 5 July 1948, M.
W. Wing (1 male, FMNH); at light, 30 April 1919, R. E.
Thompson (1 female, USNM). Ohio: no locality, Fredrick
Blanchard (1 male, mcz); Athens Co.: Athens, 25 May
1953, G. Miskimen (2 females, CAsc); 2 June 1953, G.
Miskimen (1 female, cAsc); 25 April 1954, G. Miskimen
(1 female, casc); 25 May 1953, F. W. Stehr (2 males,
CNC); 2 June 1953, F. W. Stehr (1 female, cNc); 28 May
1954, F. W. Stehr (2 males, 1 female, cnc); 6 April 1932,
W. Stehr (1 female, CNC); 6 March 1932, W. Stehr (1
female, CNC); Auglaize Co.: St. Mary’s, 1955, Karl Bra-
nesik (1 female, FMNH); Delaware Co.: 11 May, D. J. &
J. N. Knull (1 female, cnc); Franklin Co.: Columbus, 13

FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY

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21

ABARBANELL & ASHE: PINOPHILUS GRAVENHORST

July 1930, Blackwelder (1 male, FMNH); 13 April 1902
(1 male, cnc); Henry Co.: Holgate, May 1941, C. R.
Neswander (1 female, cNc); Washington Co.: Marietta,
15 June 1957, R. L. Fischer (1 male, AMNH). Oklahoma:
Caddo Co.: Red Rock State Park, 26 July 1975, K. Ste-
phen (1 female, FMNH); Marshall Co.: Lake Texoma
(Willis) VOBS, at light, 11 July 1964, W. Suter (1 male,
1 female, FMNH); Tulsa Co.: Tulsa, 15 May 1939, E. K.
Waering (1 female, cAsc). Pennsylvania: no locality (1
female, Mcz); (2 males, 2 females, zMHU); 1925, Casey
(1 male, USNM). South Carolina: no locality (1 female,
Mcz); Caraden, Roland Hayward (1 male, Mcz); Aiken
Co.: Aiken, 23 June 1957, W. R. M. Mason (3 females,
cnc); Barnwell Co.: Blackville, UV light trap, 21 April
1976, W. A. Jones (1 male, FMNH); Charleston Co.: 7 mi
N of McClellanville, The Wedge Plantation, South San-
tee R., June 1977, E. G. & I. Munroe (2 males, 3 females,
cnc); McClellanville, Wedge Plantation, South Santee
R., 4-5 June 1977, E. G. & I. Munroe (1 female, cNc);
Dillon Co.: Little Pee Dee State Park, 26 June 1976 (1
female, AMNH); Newberry Co.: (24 mi N) Newberry, 3
May 1973, W. Suter (3 males, FMNH); Pickens Co.: Clem-
son, light, 17 June 1967, R. C. Fox (1 male, AMNH); 25
May 1959, R. C. Fox (1 male, AMNH); light (1 female,
FMNH). Tennessee: no locality, 10 April 1912, F. Psota
(1 male, FMNH); 14 October 1912, F. Psota (1 female,
FMNH); Blount Co.: Cades Cove, Great Smoky Mt. Na-
tional Park, N.C., 5 November 1956, W. J. Brown (1
female, cnc); Bradley Co.: Cleveland, 7 May 1952, Ca-
zier, Gertch & Schrammel (1 female, AMNH); Franklin
Co.: Sewanee, at light, 7-14 June 1958, H. R. Steeves,
Jr. (1 female, FMNH); Hamilton Co.: East Ridge, Chapin
Sanctuary, 3 May 1952, O. Peck (1 male, 3 females, CNC);
Knox Co.: Knoxville, 27 May 1954, H. & A. Howden
(1 female, UsNM); 20 April 1955 (1 male, cNc); Madison
Co.: Jackson, light trap, 29 June 1955, W. Rosenberg (2
males, 1 female, USNM); Morgan Co.: Burrville, 3 July
1955, B. Benesh (1 female, FMNH); 30 May 1956, B.
Benesh (1 female, FMNH); 13 May 1956, B. Benesh (1
female, FMNH); 16 June 1956, B. Benesh (1 female, FMNH);
8 June 1956, B. Benesh (1 male, FMNH); Sevier Co.: Gat-
linburg, alt. 1200, 18 May 1950, H. & A. Howden (1
female, USNM); Shelby Co.: Memphis, 10 April 1912, F.
Psota (1 male, FMNH); 25 July 1938, W. Stehr (1 female,
CNC). Texas: no locality, F. C. Bowditch (1 male, 1 fe-
male, Mcz); Eddy (3 males, 2 females, Mcz); Casey (3
males, 4 females, Mcz); Eddy (3 males, 2 females, Mcz);
Casey (3 males, 4 females, USNM); (2 males, FMNH); Bexar
Co.: San Antonio, Medina Lake, 3 June 1927, H. Not-
man (1 female, CNC); Cameron Co.: 12 October 1960 (1
female, CNC); Brownsville, 9 May 1908 (1 female, CNc);
Dallas Co.: Dallas (7 males, 5 females, Mcz); Houston
Co.: 11 miE Ratcliff, 24 April 1976, A. Smetana (1 male,
CNC); Kenedy Co.: Armstrong, King Ranch, 10 Septem-
ber 1960 (1 female, cNc); Nacogdoches Co.: at light, 24
June 1964, J. Branson (1 male, FMNH); at light, 29 Oc-
tober 1972 (1 male, FMNH); April 1960, entomology class
(1 male, FMNH); 21 July 1971, Carl Burfield (1 female,
FMNH); Orange Co.: 20 June 1949, W. C. Stehr (1 female,
cnc); Polk Co.: Livingston, at light, 6 June 1964, L. C.
Amings (1 male, FMNH); San Patricio Co.: Lake Corpus
Christi, 3 mi S Swinney Switch, 22 July 1974 (1 female,
FMNH); 7rinity Co.: 12 mi SW Lufkin, 22 April 1976,
A. Smetana (3 males, 5 females, CNC). Virginia: no lo-
cality, Liebeck (1 male, Mcz); Albemarle Co.: Charlottes-
ville, at light, 8 May 1958, H. R. Steeves, Jr. (1 male,

22

FMNH); Chesapeake Co.: Dismal Swamp, Lake Drum-
mond U.S., 8-9 June 1974, Don & Mignon Davis (1
male, USNM); 6-7 July 1962, A. B. Gurney (1 female,
USNM); Fairfax Co.: Fairfax, George Mason University,
sandy area, 15 May 1973, R. W. Baumann (1 female,
USNM); under log in sandy area, 23 January 1915, A.
Nicolay (1 female, AMNH); Falls Church, 10-15 (2 males,
MCZ); 9-30 (2 females, Mcz); Louisa Co.: blacklight trap,
South Anna R. at U.S. Highway 522, 5 July 1928, J. R.
VeShel (1 female, Mcz); Nelson/Amherst Co.: Piney Riv-
er, 27 June 1950, W. Rosenberg (1 male, USNM); Page
Co.: 27 April 1946, B. Malkin (1 male, FMNH); Rte. 340,
3 km N Shenandoah, ex flood debris, 13 June 1982,
Bosquet & Davies (1 male, 1 female, CNC); Spotsylvania
Co.: Fredericksburg, Vandyke (1 male, cAsc); Virginia
Beach Co.: Princess Anne, 3 mi S Creeds, UV light, 21
August 1971, M. Druckenbrod (1 female, USNM). Wash-
ington, D.C.: no locality, Charles Palm (1 male, FMNH);
M. L. Linell (1 male, FMNH); electric light, 6-15 (1 male,
FMNH); (1 male, FMNH); Stablefield Fobs, 20 March 1933,
E. Meyers (1 female, USNM); 16 May 1906 (1 female,
USNM).

Pinophilus opacus LeConte

Pinophilus opacus LeConte, 1863, p. 49; Blatchley,
1910, p. 440; Casey, 1910, p. 196.

Pinophilus confusus Fall, 1932, p. 56, NEW SYN-
ONYM.

Pinophilus parvipennis Casey, 1910, p. 196, NEW
SYNONYM.

DiaGnosis— Pinophilus opacus may be distin-
guished from other species of Pinophilus by the
combination of the head and pronotum with very
few micropunctures, the 9th abdominal sternum
of the male narrowed evenly to apex, the flagellum
not coiled within base of aedeagus, the flagellar
orifice located at base of sclerotized portion of
median lobe, the median lobe very elongate and
slender, and by the elytral length subequal to or
only slightly longer than pronotum (see table 1).

DESCRIPTION— Body dark reddish brown to
black; anterior margin of head, labrum, mandi-
bles, and apex of abdomen reddish brown; anten-
nae, maxillary palps, and legs yellowish brown.
Length 9-13 mm; measurements of pronotum and
elytra given in Table 1.

Head dorsum with relatively few umbilicate
punctures and very few micropunctures, inter-
mediate-sized micropunctures absent; impres-
sions of umbilicate punctures with microsculp-
ture, especially those toward base of head.
Antennae, mouthparts, and other features of the
head as described for Pinophilus latipes.

Pronotum with numerous umbilicate punc-
tures; surface between umbilicate punctures
smooth and shiny, without micropunctures;

FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY

impressions of umbilicate punctures without mi-
crosculpture. Remainder of prothorax as de-
scribed for P. /atipes. Legs, elytra, mesosternum,
and abdominal segments 3-7 as described for P.
latipes.

Female— Abdominal sternum 8 with posterior
margin shallowly produced; sternum 9 narrow, with
shallow V-shaped notch at apex and pair of large
setae anterior to notch.

Male—Abdominal sternum 8 with posterior
margin strongly produced, apex narrowly round-
ed; sternum 9 slender, gradually narrowed to apex,
very slightly constricted before apex, apex blunt
(figs. 39-40). Aedeagus (figs. 37-38) with median
lobe very elongate and slender, slightly swollen
medially, otherwise narrowed evenly to apex; dor-
sum of median lobe not grooved apically; para-
meres short and stout, but not greatly reduced;
inner margins with tooth near middle (very similar
to P. latipes); paramere without ventral flange; fla-
gellum long and nearly straight, not greatly coiled
within base of aedeagus; flagellar foramen located
near base of median lobe; dorsal process absent;
base of aedeagus not constricted.

RELATIONSHIPS—See discussion for Pinophilus
gracilis.

TYPE SPECIMENS— The LeConte collection at the
Museum of Comparative Zoology contains two
specimens (1 male, | female) belonging to the type
series of Pinophilus opacus. Both bear an orange
dot label, indicating a southeastern United States
distribution. In the original description, LeConte
gave Georgia as the type locality. The male spec-
imen is herein designated as the lectotype. The
genitalia have been dissected and stored in a glyc-
erine vial with the specimen. Segments 3-11 of
the left antennae and segments 8-11 of the right
antennae are missing; otherwise, the lectotype is
in perfect condition.

The Fall collection at the Museum of Compar-
ative Zoology contains five specimens (2 males, 3
females) under the name Pinophilus confusus. From
the original description, it is clear that Fall in-
tended two of the specimens to be the type series.
Both are females, and are labeled “‘Cape Hatteras,
North Carolina, Jan. 1903, F. Sherman collector’.
Since Fall did not designate a holotype, the spec-
imen bearing his type label is herein designated as
lectotype. Fall distinguished P. confusus from oth-
er Pinophilus species based in part on the size of
the elytra and on the distinctness of the midlon-
gitudinal impunctate space on the pronotum. Both
of these characters vary considerably within P.
opacus. Other characters mentioned by Fall are

not sufficient to separate P. confusus from P. opa-
cus.

The Casey collection at the United States Na-
tional Museum, Washington, D.C., contains one
female specimen under the name Pinophilus par-
vipennis. From the sex and locality data, it is clear
that Casey intended this to be the holotype spec-
imen. Casey distinguished P. parvipennis from
other Pinophilus species, based in part on the size
of the elytra and on the dispersion of impunctate
space on the prothorax. Both of these features vary
considerably within P. opacus. Additional char-
acters discussed by Casey are not sufficient to dis-
tinguish among species of Pinophilus.

DISTRIBUTION— Pinophilus opacus occurs
throughout eastern North America from Ohio, In-
diana, Illinois, and northern Missouri south
through Florida and as far west as eastern Kansas,
eastern Oklahoma, and Arizona (fig. 41).

SPECIMENS EXAMINED— We have examined 136 spec-
imens from the following localities: UNITED STATES:
Alabama: Lee Co.: Opelika, 18 January 1974, E. J. Kite-
ley (1 male, cNc); Auburn, 6 April 1972, E. J. Kiteley (1
male, CNC); 21 January 1974, E. J. Kiteley (1 male, cNc);
Mobile Co.: Mobile, June 1952, R. Rosenberg (1 female,
USNM); 2 April 1911, R. P. Dow (1 male, cNc); Tusca-
loosa Co.: Tuscaloosa, at light, 2 May 1953, B. Valentine
(1 female, AMNH). Arizona: no locality (1 male, AMNH);
Cochise Co.: Southwestern Research Station near Portal,
August 1973, Rosenberg (1 female, USNM). Arkansas: no
locality, Liebeck (1 male, 3 females, Mcz); (2 males, FMNH);
southwest, Chas. Palm (1 male, 1 female, AMNH). Flor-
ida: no locality, F.C. Bowditch (1 female, Mcz); Allachua
Co.: Paradise Key, 4 April 1925 (1 female, Mcz); Gaines-
ville, 22 August 1956, H. A. Denmark (1 female, CNc);
Collier Co.: 8 mi SE Naples, UV light, 12 July 1972, M.
Druckenbrod (1 male, 1 female, USNM); Coronado Bch.,
in wash-up, 11 May 1939, C. A. Frost (1 female, Mcz);
5 February 1939, C. A. Frost (1 female, Mcz); in wash-
up, 5 March 1939, C. A. Frost (1 male, Mcz); Columbia
Co.: O’Leno St. Pk., forest litter, berlese, 29 July 1971
(1 male, cnc); Dade Co.: Homestead, 17 November 1951,
R. Mansveti (1 male, USNM); Everglades National Park,
Palma Vista Hammock (berlese litter ex sink pocket), 1
May 1974, W. Suter (2 males, 3 females, FMNH); Ever-
glades National Park, Palma Vista Hammock (gumbo-
limbo swamp), 27 August 1965, W. Suter (2 males, 2
females, FMNH); Franklin Co.: 3 mi NW Alligator Point,
berlese sand pine and oak litter, 12 October 1976, O’Brien
& Marshall (1 female, FMNH); 3 mi NW Alligator Point,
berlese sand pine and oak litter, 12 December 1975, G.
B. Marshall (2 females, FMNH); Haulover (1 male, MCZ);
Highlands Co.: Lake Placid, Archbold Biological Station,
at UV light, 24 June 1966, R. Silberglied (1 male, Mcz);
15-30 July 1948, A. B. Klotts (4 males, | female, AMNH);
29 April 1964, R. W. Hodges (1 male, USNM); 29 April
1977, William Rosenbury (1 female, USNM); April 1956,
C. C. Hoff (1 female, AMNH); 4 mi W Venus Fisheating
Creek (litter under water hyacinth), 30 March 1967, W.
Suter (3 males, 3 females, FMNH); Parker Island, baygall,

ABARBANELL & ASHE: PINOPHILUS GRAVENHORST 23

1.0mm

.

40

Fics. 37-40. Pinophilus opacus LeConte, aedeagus. 37, median lobe, dorsal aspect; 38, median lobe, lateral aspect;
39, abdominal sternum IX, ventral aspect; 40, abdominal sternum IX, lateral aspect.

berlese: bay buttress, 25 August 1975, W. Suter (1 male,
FMNH); (southeast) Parker Island, baygall (floor litter—
between hammocks), 17 January 1975, W. Suter (1 fe-
male, FMNH); Archbold Biological Station, 8 mi S Lake
Placid, 2-15 February 1970, V. Roth (4 males, FMNH);
Hammock State Park, berlese debris along cypress swamp
and hammock, 27 March 1967, W. Suter (1 male, 1
female, FMNH); Sebring, 10 August 1930, C. T. Parsons
(1 female, Mcz); 6 mi S Lake Placid, 9-13 March 1968,
A. Smetana (1 male, CNc); A. Smetana (1 male, CNC);
Hillsborough Co.: Tampa, 24 April, F. C. Bowditch (1
female, Mcz); 20 April, F. C. Bowditch (1 female, Mcz);

24

24 April, J. LeConte (1 female, Mcz); Leon Co.: 23 March
1971, Lee Herman (1 female, AMNH); Tallahassee, ex
mixed hardwood litter, 6 October 1977, C. W. O’Brien
(1 male, FMNH); berlese hardwood litter, 2 December
1976, G. B. Marshall (2 males, FMNH); 27 October 1976,
J. D. Justice (1 female, FMNH); 21 January 1976, G. B.
Marshall (2 females, FMNH); berlese mixed hardwood
litter, 28 June 1976, Marshall & Justice (1 male, | female,
FMNH); berlese hardwood litter, 21 January 1976, G. B.
Marshall (1 male, FMNH); 4 March 1976, G. B. Marshall
(2 males, FMNH); Marion Co.: Upper Key Largo, litter
and pack rat nest, 5 October 1973, E. F. Reik (1 male,

FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY

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25

ABARBANELL & ASHE: PINOPHILUS GRAVENHORST

Fics. 42-45. Pinophilus parcus LeConte, aedeagus. 42, median lobe, dorsal aspect; 43, median lobe, lateral aspect;
44, abdominal sternum IX, ventral aspect; 45, abdominal sternum IX, lateral aspect.

FMNH); 14 mi E Lynne, berlese sand pine, oak, and pal-
metto litter, 25 January 1974, C. W. O’Brien (3 females,
FMNH); Monroe Co.: 5 mi S North Key Largo (floor at
log), 28 August 1965, W. Suter (1 female, FMNH); Upper
Key Largo, berlese hammock litter, 18 March 1975, C.
W. O’Brien (1 female, FMNH); berlese hammock litter

26

>

and pack rat nest, 5 October 1973, E. F. Reik (1 male,
FMNH); Everglades National Park, 31 March 1960, R.
M. Baranowski (1 male, Mcz); Orange Co.: Winter Park,
1 May, E. M. Davis (2 females, Mcz); Apopka, fern, 18
October 1946 (1 male, cNc); Okaloosa Co.: Ft. Walton
Bch., 20 March 1979, E. J. Kiteley (2 males, CNc); 20

FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY

February 1973, E. J. Kiteley (1 male, CNc); 30 March
1979, E. J. Kiteley (1 male, cNc); Destin, 2 March 1976,
E. J. Kiteley (1 male, cNc); 30 January 1976, E. J. Kiteley
(1 male, cNc); Pinellas Co.: Dunedin, 4 April 1923, H.
C. Fall (1 male, Mcz); Tarpon Springs, lights, 20 March
1950, H. & A. Howden (1 female, USNM); Putman Co.:
Palatka, 13 February 1975, F. A. Eddy (1 male, mcz);
Seminole Co.: logwood on road to Country Club, 23
August 1965, Suter (1 female, FMNH); Taylor Co.: Wil-
liams Landing, 2-14 July 1967, R. Smith (1 female,
USNM). Georgia: Stephens Co.: Toccoa, 17 August 1939
(2 females, FMNH). Illinois: Sangamon Co.: Springfield,
29 March 1927, Orland Park (1 female, FMNH). Indiana:

_ Monroe Co.: Morgan, Monroe State Forest, ex litter at
- stream edge in open pasture, 18 April 1981, L. Watrous

(1 male, 1 female, FMNH). Iowa: no locality (1 female,
USNM). Kansas: no locality, Fredrick Blanchard (1 male,
McCzZ); Douglas Co.: 900 feet, F. H. Snow (1 male, FMNH);
Pottawatomie Co.: Onaga, 27 April 1923, Crevecoeur (1
female, cAsc). Louisiana: Lafayette Pa.: Lafayette, 24
July 1973, W. Rosenberg (1 male, USNM). Mississippi:
Hancock Co.: Bay Saint Louis (Diamond Head), 22 Feb-
ruary 1978, W. E. Steiner (1 female, USNM); Harrison
Co.: Gulfport, at light, 16 September 1968, L. Williams
(2 females, AMNH). Missouri: Nodaway Co.: Graham, 5
August 1933, C. H. Seevers (1 female, FMNH). North
Carolina: no county, Cape Hatteras, January 1903, F.
Sherman (2 females, Mcz). Ohio: Hocking Co.: 3 mi W
33 on 116, 12 April 1975, L. E. Watrous (1 female,
FMNH). Oklahoma: Cleveland Co.: S of Norman, Oliver
Woods stage IV log, 5 April 1969, W. Suter (1 male, 2
females, AMNH). South Carolina: Colleton Co.: 13 Oc-
tober 1966, R. E. Widdows (1 female, FMNH); Florence
Co.: Florence, 9 March 1938, C. A. Frost (1 male, Mcz);
14 March 1938 (1 female, Mcz); Sumter Co.: Sumter, 29
October 1966, R. E. Widdows (1 female, FMNH). Texas:
Cameron Co.: 15 mi N of Brownsville, 1 mi E of Rus-
seltown, willow fringe of pond, 9 April 1969, R. W. Suter
(2 females, AMNH); Dallas Co.: Dallas (1 female, mcz);
Harrison Co.: Houston, 8-20 February 1967, A. Blan-
chard (1 female, USNM); La Salle Co.: Chaparral Wildlife
Management Area nr Artesia Wells, 12 June 1972, Barry
Wright (1 female, cNc); San Patricio Co.: Welder Wild-
life Refuge nr Sinton, 4-7 August 1963, A. T. Howden
(1 female, CNc). Virginia: Chesapeake Co.: W. Bowers
Hill, ex pine-maple-cane swamp litter, 4 June 1965, W.
Suter (1 female, FMNH); Fairfax Co.: Falls Church, 30
September (1 female, Mcz). WASHINGTON, D.C.: no
locality, March (1 male, Mcz).

Pinophilus parcus LeConte

Pinophilus parcus LeConte, 1863, p. 48; Casey, 1910,
p. 194; Sharp, 1886, p. 621. Pinophilus texanus
Casey, 1910, p. 195, NEW SYNONYM. Pinoph-
ilus trajectus Casey, 1910, p. 195, NEW SYN-
ONYM.

DiAGNosis—Pinophilus parcus may be distin-
guished from other species of Pinophilus by the
combination of numerous micropunctures on the
pronotum and head (fig. 46), the apex of the male
9th abdominal sternum abruptly constricted, slen-

der and slightly upcurved, the parameres of the
aedeagus very reduced, the dorsal process of the
aedeagus very elongate and slender, the flagellar
opening located at the base of the aedeagus, and
by the form of the median lobe.

DESCRIPTION— Body dark reddish brown to
black; anterior margin of head, labrum, mandi-
bles, and apex of abdomen reddish brown; anten-
nae, maxillary palps and legs yellowish brown.
Length 10.0-14.5 mm; measurements of prono-
tum and elytra given in Table 1.

Head dorsum with large umbilicate punctures
as described for Pinophilus latipes, but without the
intermediate-sized punctures; micropunctures
much more numerous than P. /atipes. Gular su-
tures similar to P. /atipes, but more widely sepa-
rated at point of narrowest separation. Antennae,
mouthparts, and other features of the head as de-
scribed for P. /atipes.

Pronotum similar to Pinophilus latipes in den-
sity of large umbilicate punctures, but with many
more micropunctures. Other features of prothorax
as described for P. /atipes. Legs, elytra, mesoster-
num, and abdominal segments 3-7 as described
for P. latipes.

Female— Abdominal sternum 8 with posterior
margin strongly produced, apex rounded; sternum
9 with notch at apex deep and rounded (sterna 8
and 9 very similar to P. densus).

Male—Abdominal sternum 8 with posterior
margin strongly produced, apex truncate; sternum
9 broad, apex abruptly constricted and drawn out
to a slender, shallowly upcurved point (figs. 44—
45). Aedeagus (figs. 42-43) with median lobe elon-
gate, sides broadly concave, apex evenly narrowed
and minutely notched; dorsum of median lobe
grooved toward apex; parameres greatly reduced,
median tooth present; ventral flange of paramere
well developed; flagellum elongate and coiled
within base of aedeagus; flagellar foramen basal;
dorsal process present; basal portion of aedeagus
not constricted.

RELATIONSHIPS—See discussion of Pinophilus
densus.

TYPE SPECIMENS— The type series of Pinophilus
parcus consists of three specimens (2 males, | fe-
male) in the LeConte collection at the Museum of
Comparative Zoology. All three bear an orange
dot label, indicating a southwestern United States
distribution. One male is herein designated as lec-
totype. The aedeagus is partially exposed and
therefore not dissected.

The Casey collection at the United States Na-
tional Museum, Washington, D.C., contains one

ABARBANELL & ASHE: PINOPHILUS GRAVENHORST pay

Fic. 46. Pinophilus parcus LeConte, dorsum of head, minute punctures, 230 x.

male specimen under the name Pinophilus tex-
anus. The specimen bears a label indicating lo-
cality as ““Tex”’; however, in Casey’s original de-
scription, he states that the holotype locality is
Austin, Texas. Casey based his original description
of P. texanus on differences on the spacing of pro-
notal punctures and elytral length. Such variation
exists within P. parcus itself. Other differences
mentioned are very subtle, none differing to the
point of separating P. texanus from P. parcus as
separate species.

The Casey collection at the United States Na-
tional Museum, Washington, D.C., contains one
male specimen under the name Pinophilus trajec-
tus. The specimen bears a label indicating locality
as ““Tex”’; however, in his original description,
Casey states that the holotype locality is El Paso,
Texas. Using differences in body size and elytral
punctures, Casey separated P. trajectus from other
Pinophilus species. These differences fall well with-
in the range of variance found in P. parcus. Ad-
ditional taxonomic features attributed to P. tra-
Jectus are not sufficient to distinguish species of
Pinophilus.

DISTRIBUTION—Pinophilus parcus occurs pri-
marily in the southeastern states of the United
States. Specimens have been recorded from Ari-
zona, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Maryland, and New
Jersey, but most of the specimens were collected
in states bordering the Gulf of Mexico (fig. 47).

28

SPECIMENS EXAMINED— We have examined 338 spec-
imens from the following localities: UNITED STATES:
Alabama: no county, Spring Hill, H. P. Loding (1 female,
mcz); Mobile Co.: Mobile, 20-21 April 1957, H. & A.
Howden (1 female, cNc). Arizona: Gila Co.: 12 mi NE
Roosevelt, Three Bar Wildlife Area, June 1972, W. Ro-
senberg (1 female, USNM); Palm (1 female, AMNH); Gra-
ham Co.: Aravaipa Canyon, 900 m, 24 July 1976, J. M.
Campbell (1 male, cnc); Pima Co.: San Xavier, near
Tucson, 24 July 1916, Clark (1 male, AMNH). Florida:
no locality, Fredrick Blanchard Coll. (1 female, Mcz); (1
male, AMNH); 1925, Casey (1 male, Mcz); Coronado Beach,
in wash-up, July 1939, H. C. Fall (1 female, mMcz); Ala-
chua Co.: Gainesville, 23 June 1959, R. E. Woodruff (1
female, MCz); 28 March 1960 (1 male, cNc); light trap,
29-31 March 1960, H. F. Howden (3 males, cNc); 29
March 1960, H. F. Howden (1 female, cnc); 1 April
1960, H. Howden (1 male, cNc); blacklight trap, 8-12
June 1968, E. Woodruff (6 males, 3 females, FSCA); 27-
29 April 1968, E. Woodruff (3 males, 1 female, Fsca);
14 March 1963, R. E. Woodruff (1 male, FMNH); Brevard
Co.: Melbourne, 5 July 1909 (1 female, cAsc); Titusville,
light, 11 March 1958, Howden & Howell (1 female, CNC);
Broward Co.: Everglades, Andytown, 2 March 1968, A.
Smetana (1 male, CNC); Collier Co.: Collier Seminole
State Park, UV light trap, 25 May 1976, O’Brien & Mar-
shall (1 female, FMNH); Dade Co.: Biscayne Bay, A. T.
Slosson (1 male, AMNH); Homestead, June 1929, Dar-
lington (4 males, | female, Mcz); lights, 4 May 1951, H.
& A. Howden (1 female, USNM); Everglades, Cooper-
town, 29 February 1968, A. Smetana (1 male, | female,
cnc); Duval Co.: Jacksonville, October 1943, E. S. Ross
(1 female, casc); Hernando Co.: Brooksville, at light, 21
June 1955, Dybas (1 male, FMNH); 9 July 1944, F. G.
Werner (1 male, Mcz); Brooksville, 20-30 January 1940,
Van Dyke Coll. (2 males, 1 female, casc); Highlands

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29

ABARBANELL & ASHE: PINOPHILUS GRAVENHORST

Co.: 28 February 1975, J. L. Bengston (1 male, FMNH);
Archbold Biological Station, 23 May 1949, A. & B. Pat-
terson (1 female, FMNH); 8 April 1975, W. Rosenberg (1
female, USNM); 14 April 1975, W. Rosenberg (1 female,
USNM); 23 April 1967, D. E. Bright (1 female, cNc); 24
April 1967, D. E. Bright (1 female, cnc); UV black light,
12 April 1966, R. Silberglied (1 female, Mcz); Lake Plac-
id, 4 April 1975 (1 female, USNM); 27 April 1977, W.
Rosenberg (1 female, USNM); 28 February 1975, J. L.
Bengston (1 female, FMNH); at light, 13 June 1945, H. S.
Dybas (1 female, FMNH); 2 April 1975, J. L. Bengston (1
female, FMNH); 22 May 1949, A. & B. Patterson (1 male,
1 female, FMNH); 12-19 June 1955, H. S. Dybas (1 male,
2 females, FMNH); 20 April 1975, J. L. Bengston (1 fe-
male, FMNH); 12 February 1975, J. H. Bengston (1 fe-
male, FMNH); 30 March 1975, J. H. Bengston (1 male,
FMNH); 6 February 1975, J. H. Bengston (1 male, FMNH);
16 February 1975, J. H. Bengston (2 females, FMNH); 18
January 1975, W. Suter (1 female, FMNH); UV black light,
12 June 1966, R. Silberglied (3 females, Mcz); 24 June
1966, R . Silberglied (1 male, Mcz); 6 mi S Lake Placid,
9-13 March 1968, A. Smetana (7 males, 11 females,
CNC); 10 mi N Lake Placid, 12 March 1968, A. Smetana
(1 male, | female, cNc); Lake Istokpoga nr Lake Placid,
8 March 1968, A. Smetana (3 males, 13 females, cNc);
7 March 1968, A. Smetana (10 males, 4 females, CNC);
9 March 1968, A. Smetana (1 female, cNc); 13 March
1968, A. Smetana (2 males, 1 female, CNC); 12 March
1968, A. Smetana (2 males, CNC); 7 mi W Brighton, 5
March 1968, A. Smetana (1 male, CNC); 1 mi W Brighton,
4 March 1968, A. Smetana (1 female, cnc); Hillsborough
Co.: Tampa, 1925, Casey Bequest (1 female, mcz); Mac-
dill Field, 22 May 1943, B. Malkin Coll. (1 female, FMNH);
Hillsborough River State Park, oak-palm, UV light, 5
August 1981, S. Peck (1 male, cNc); Lake Co.: Leesburg,
8 September 1961, C. H. Curran (1 female, AMNH); 1-
11 March 1954, M. Statham (1 male, AMNH); 2 mi S
Tavares, blacklight trap, 25 April 1967, E. Woodruff (1
male, FScA); Lee Co.: Ft. Meyers, 30 April 1912 (1 fe-
male, AMNH); Monroe Co.: Lower Matecumber Key, al-
gal drift, 23 March 1982, W. S. Suter (1 male, FmMNu);
Flamingo, Everglades National Park, 4 January 1971, L.
Masner (2 females, cNc); Okaloosa Co.: Ft. Walton Beach,
18 March 1980, E. J. Kiteley (1 male, 1 female, cnc);
Destin, 5 December 1980, E. J. Kiteley (2 males, 3 fe-
males, CNC); 16 February 1976, E. J. Kiteley (1 female,
CNC); 3 March 1976, E. J. Kiteley (1 male, 1 female,
CNC); 27 February 1981, E. J. Kiteley (1 female, cnc);
25 March 1980, E. J. Kiteley (1 male, 1 female, cNc);
28 February 1975, E. J. Kiteley (1 female, cNc); Okee-
chobee Co.: Sebring, 2-7 March 1939, F. E. Luz (1 fe-
male, AMNH); Orange Co.: Winter Park, 1 April, E. M.
Davis (male, FMNH); Putnam Co.: Waleka, under boards
near fish pond, 7 July 1980, L. Watrous (1 female, FMNH);
Sarasota Co.: Myakka River State Park, light trap, 23
July 1976, C. W. O’Brien (1 male, 4 females, FMNH);
Volusia Co.: Enterprise, 26 May, Bowditch Coll. (2 fe-
males, Mcz); Sanford, blacklight trap, 2 March 1961, W.
Desin (2 females, FscA); Edgewater, 12 March 1938, C.
A. Frost (1 male, Mcz). Illinois: Union Co.: Pine Hills,
11 April 1986 (1 female, cNc); Pine Hills Field Sta.,
berlese sample, leaf debris in roadside ditch, 15-22 May
1967 (1 female, CNc). Iowa: Henry Co.: Mt. Pleasant, 4
April 1927, Kysue (1 female, AMNH); Houston (1 male,
AMNH). Kansas: Pottawatomie Co.: Manhattan, 28 June
1950, H. E. Evans (1 male, AMNH). Louisiana: no locality

30

(1 female, AMNH); (1 male, CNC); 1925, Casey Bequest
(2 males, 2 females, Mcz); Eddy Coll. (1 male, Mcz); (1

male, | female, FMNH); F. N. Young Coll. (1 male, Mcz); |

F. C. Bowditch (1 male, Mcz); no parish, Bock, A. Fenyes
Coll. (2 females, cAsc); Avoyelles Pa.: Camp Plauche, 3
May, F. N. Young Coll. (1 male, 1 female, Mcz); Cam-
eron Pa.: Cameron, 2 mi NW Holly Beach, 15 April

1976, A. Smetana (1 male, cNc); 14 April 1976, A. Sme-
tana (2 males, 3 females, CNC); Concordia Pa.: Concor-

dia, 5 mi W Ferriday, 1 May 1976, A. Smetana (1 male,
CNC); East Baton Rouge Pa.: Baton Rouge, 27 February
1894 (1 female, cNc); Harahan Pa.: at light, 9 August
1944, H. Dybas (3 males, FMNH); 20 August 1944, H.

Dybas (2 males, 2 females, FMNH); 26 July 1944, H. |

Dybas (1 female, FMNH); Harahan, 31 July 1944, F. G,
Werner (1 female, Mcz); 26 June 1944, F. G. Werner (1

female, Mcz); 15 May 1944, F. G. Werner (2 females, |

Mcz); Hanrahan, Jefferson Park, 26 July 1944, H. Dybas
(1 male, 5 females, FMNH); Jefferson Pa.: New Orleans,
29 May 1948, M. Gazier (1 male, AMNH); 17 June 1938,
H. Dybas (1 male, 1 female, FMNH); Lafayette Pa.: La-
fayette, 24 July 1973, W. Rosenberg (1 female, USNM);
Plaquemines Pa.: Myrtle Grove, Orlando Park Genl. Coll.
(1 male, 2 females, FMNH); Plaquemines Parish tide, H.
O. nest under can on water hyacinth, 10 November 1976,
W. Suter (1 male, FMNH); Rapides Pa.: Calcasieu, Chou-
pique Bayou, 7 mi N Hackberry, 15 April 1976, Smetana
(2 males, 5 females, cNc); 16 April 1976, A. Smetana (7
males, 10 females, CNc); 2 mi W Sulphur, 13 April 1976,
A. Smetana (2 females, CNC); Tangipahoa Pa.: Tangi-

pahoa, 8 mi S Hammond, 9 April 1976, A. Smetana (1 |

male, | female, CNC). Maryland: no locality (1 female,
FMNH); Lugger (1 male, CNC). Mississippi: no locality, F.
Psota Coll. (1 male, FMNH); Hancock Co.: Waveland, 7
April 1976, A. Smetana (2 males, CNC); Harrison Co.:
Landon Newman Lumber Company, UV light trap, 17
June 1968, D. H. Chandler (1 male, 1 female, FMNu).
New Jersey: Morris Co.: Lincoln Park, 14 July 1948 (1
male, cNc). North Carolina: Hoke Co.: Southern Pines,
1925, Casey (1 male, 1 female, Mcz). South Carolina:
Charleston Co.: The Wedge Plantation, South Santee R.,
7 mi N of McClellanville, June 1977, E. G. & I. Munroe
(1 female, CNC). Texas: no locality, 1925, Casey (4 males,
1 female, Mcz); 1925, Casey Coll. (3 females, USNM);
1919 (1 female, Mcz); (2 males, USNM); Liebeck Coll. (1
female, Mcz); Angelino Co.: Lufkin, 1 April 1969, D. J.
Kuyper (1 male, FMNH); Aransas Co.: Goose Island State

Park, 2 mi NW Rookport, black light on bench near |

marsh, | June 1968, L. Herman (1 male, AMNH); Bexar
Co.: San Antonio, 8 April 1959, J. F. Lawrence (1 male,
MCzZ); at light, 2 July 1946, V. Dropkin (1 female, FMNH);
Brazos Co.: 4 April 1959 (1 female, FMNH); College Sta-

tion, 6 October 1974, J. S. Ashe (1 male, FMNH); 19 |

October 1973, student coll., J. S. Ashe (1 female, FMNH);
14 October 1973, J. S. Ashe (4 males, FMNH); at light, 5
October 1973, J. S. Ashe (1 male, FMNH); 3 May 1974,
J. S. Ashe (1 male, FMNH); Brewster Co.: Boquillas, 7
July 1948, C. & P. Vaurie (1 male, AMNH); Cameron Co.:
Brownsville, E. S. Ross (1 male, cAsc); 1-3 August 1968,
H. & A. Howden (1 female, cNc); 10 December 1960 (1
male, 3 females, CNC); November 1942, E. S. Ross (1
female, cAsSc); October 1942, E. S. Ross (3 females, CASC);
2 October 1942, T. M. Burns (1 female, CAsc); October
1943, E. S. Ross (1 female, cAsc); 11-16 June 1938,
Darlington (2 females, Mcz); at light, E. S. Ross (1 male,
casc); Comal Co.: New Braunfels, 13 June 1927, P. J.

FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY

Darlington Coll. (1 male, mcz); E/ Paso Co.: Fabens,
light, 7 June 1956, H. & A. Howden (1 female, cNc);
idalgo Co.: Benston State Park, 18-24 March 1972 (1
ale, 1 female, FMNH); Houston Co.: 11 mi E Ratcliff,
24 April 1976, A. Smetana (1 female, cNc); Kenedy Co.:
Armstrong, King Ranch, 10 September 1960 (1 male, 1
emale, cnc); Kerr Co.: Kerrville, light, 23 July 1956, H.
}& A. Howden (1 female, cnc); Nacogdoches Co.: Na-
ogdoches, 15 October 1967 (1 female, FMNH); 22 April
1960, entomology class (1 female, FMNH); 8 May 1962
(1 female, FMNH); 15 April 1960, entomology class (1
emale, FMNH); 14 April 1960, entomology class (1 fe-
male, FMNH); 25 April 1970 (1 male, FMNu)); at light, 15
April 1960, entomology class (1 male, FMNH); Orange
Co.: Orange, 20 June 1949, W. C. Stehr (1 female, CNC);
Bridge City, 18 April 1976, A. Smetana (3 males, 1 fe-
‘male, CNc); 1 mi SW Bridge City, 18 April 1976, A.
Smetana (1 male, 2 females, cNc); Panola Co.: Carthage,
8 May 1952, Cazier, Gertsch & Schrammel Coll. (1 male,
1 female, AMNH); San Patricio Co.: Lake Corpus Christi,
3 mi S Swinney Switch, 22 August 1974 (2 females,
FMNH); Welder Wildlife Ref. nr Sinton, 19 May—9 June
1974 (1 female, CNC); taken at light, 4-7 August 1963,
H. F. Howden (2 males, cNc); Travis Co.: Austin, 28
April 1950, H. T. Spieth (1 male, AMNH).

Acknowledgments

Work on this revision was started in the spring
of 1983. Sponsored in part by an Illinois Academy
of Science Research Grant, all work was com-
pleted at Field Museum of Natural History, Di-
vision of Insects, Chicago, Illinois. In addition to
Field Museum collections, we are indebted to the
curators of those collections which loaned us spec-
imens for study. Specimens were obtained from
those institutions listed below, with the abbrevi-
ations (in parentheses) used in the text when re-
ferring to respective institutions.

American Museum of Natural History, New
York (AMNH)

California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco
(CAS)

Canadian National Collection, Ottawa (CNC)

Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago
(FMNH)

Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gaines-
ville (FSCA)

Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts (MCZ)

United States National Museum, Washington,
D.C. (USNM)

Zoologisches Museum, Museum fiir Natur-
kunde der Humboldt-Universitat, Berlin,
DDR (ZMHvU)

Thanks are especially extended to Dr. Larry E.
Watrous (former assistant curator, Division of In-
sects, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago,
Illinois) for his extensive contribution to this text,
Dr. Al Newton, Jr. (assistant curator and head,
Division of Insects, Field Museum of Natural His-
tory) for reading this text and making many helpful
comments, and Dr. Kenneth H. Harmet (retired
associate professor of biological sciences, North-
ern Illinois University, Dekalb) for his faith and
support in this revision. Hand-drawn illustrations
were prepared by Mr. John Williams, whose as-
sistance is gratefully acknowledged.

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”

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