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SP A OAL , VAN AGH t } Li j 4 HN) an oh ink i witli ee aN ANG ay SER HB) HOR PUA RKAN SHR NARA URN i it) ont A i Winnie ; } ' SHANE 1 I i 4 ARYAN Aa N iD at Weeaei nn pinay Wey Saad Ue aa es hy wanitid Weiy f ‘ i, pat Aa INH fesutt) Ve Aa) ai iy ii i sic p hihi nie) AN Ot) Oh y ATAWERe aT bE wage F MANN } i i i} PNT I ASME AROMA Nyy \ Sh all yt SM aN VL iy MN Aisi Gee AE ty MAG it it i i TAs i iy), Hi tinh i i Ray) y ¥ Y Nee br i ya fh i‘ Ni fehiea trey f i tito ; : i 4 i a 1) ie Wan PANACHE OY ANAM Ny tay! j Ate CARS CD OSTA CON GMAT MH ae ; Wa if i (is font UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE VOLUME 22° (PART 1 REVISIONS OF NORTH AMERICAN GRASSES / By A. S. HITCHCOCK and AGNES CHASE t(» “WE ING ESO IAS C95 BANOO x a4 LIBRARICY WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1926 05 1989 Mawel 48a pr uc ae Ole cara BULLETIN OF THE UNITED il PREFACE. aes In the accompanying papers A. S. Hitchcock, systematic agros- tologist of the United States Department of Agriculture, and Agnes Chase, assistant agrostologist, have continued the record of their studies upon North American grasses, presenting a revision of four of the smaller genera of the tribe Paniceae. The method of treatment is the same as that followed in an earlier paper entitled The North American Species of Panicum (published as volume 15 of the Con- tributions, 1910), of which Prof. Hitchcock and Mrs. Chase were joint authors. 3 The first two genera, /chnanthus and Lastacis, are tropical Ameri- can, though one species of the former has been introduced into the Philippine Islands, and one species of the latter extends into southern Florida. The genus Brachiaria is found in the warmer parts of both hemispheres and in America extends into the southern United States, The genus Cenchrus, whose species are usually known as sandburs, is widely distributed in the warm and temperate regions of both hemispheres, some of the species being troublesome weeds. Freperick V. Covitie, Curator of the United States National Herbarium. Tit Ke “4 Pr ler es yhe/ G: RYINE by ih ary f one hts {OE word, Nay tee fatale ey told gat Lek Le aaa ant pe wet See Aes ots. ai , :, Vas aA GetlatieK? brevet vl Sag eoneeet Re oe angie p ay ition at LEED eo he) WRAL 2 DUET ES ASD Be eet ete oy ~ teu be VK iy Carey F he an Ye ! SR et a et ee ne enna matin arte ee ee oe —— —— ~ ee oo ~ ~ ae oR - we ne — ee ee 8 ee we ee 8 tre i eden s 3 3 . een to 9 cree, Sean Sew Kon CML SPE on SAT. a 4 t a > uF ny (A ae ew se i ~ eo amr — SO emt tah en Nk eR Ne NF i et iti tn - sake a ES FITTS —_ eretedaeenibiee tiie nibs — - Se ne nde ae th it tani a ad b- | i f P: b, " « «ae . - iy ge ne ~ - — _ ap nmerlctinns on a mentee : ‘ 4 eta TY iho Tae 4 be! 3 “¢ Le ae ee at angen Aner et IR A a A Se aa Sees th Pej, be Ee gee SAI te ‘ oat poe = é one ae ee Se ti an edn * 3 as ee ru ean tee 6 - = re _ THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF ICHNANTHUS. By A. 8. HircHcock. INTRODUCTION. The genus /chnanthus is closely alhed to Panicum, the largest genus of the tribe Paniceae. The technical character that separates it is the presence of two winglike appendages at the base of the fertile lemma. In many of our North American species the appendages are obsolete and are indicated only by minute scars or excavations. Along with this technical character is that of a general resemblance in habit and in the appearance of the panicles and spikelets, espe- cially the shghtly boat-shaped tips of the glumes and lemmas. Most of the species have broad flat blades. One species, /. tchnodes, devi- ates from this concept in every respect except in the presence of well-marked appendages. Altogether the genus is an assemblage of somewhat diverse species, which are segregated from Panicum on rather weak technical grounds. The type species, with its large blades ‘and prominent appendages, was more distinct from Panicum than most of the species that have since been united with it. As a genus Ichnanthus is less distinct than several groups, such as Syntherisma, Lasiacis, and Echinochloa, that were included by older authors in Panicum as sections. There are about 25 known species of Jehnanthus, mostly South American, 10 extending into tropical North America and one, /. pal- Jens, found also in the Philippines and tropical Asia. DESCRIPTION OF THE GENUS AND SPECIES. ICHNANTHUS Beauv. Ichnanthus Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 56, 1812. Beauvois gives a generic descrip- tion and mentions one species, I. panicoides, sent to him by Desfontaines from tropical America. This species, which has large appendages, is figured by Beauvois (pl. 12. f. 1)... Beauvois misunderstood the structure of the spikelet. He describes it as 3-flowered and calls attention to the unusual position of the intermediate floret, which, he says, consists of two paleae opposite and placed crosswise to the rest of the spikelet. He mistook the large appendages to the fertile lemma for an intermediate floret. The intermediate floret shown in his plate evidently represents the two appendages of the fertile lemma. Navicularia Raddi, Agrost. Bras. 88. pl. 1. f. 5. 1823. Three species are de- scribed, N. hirta, N. glabra, and N. lanata. The third species, being the one fig- ured, is taken as the type. In this the appendages are one-third as long as the fertile lemma. The usual reference to Naviciularia is Bertol. Opus. Sci. Bologn. 3: 408. 1819, but this is an error; the name does not appear there, The name Bertoloni gives is Panicum loliaceum: this Raddi cites under Navicularia hirta. ‘for a history of the genus see Chase, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24: 142-144, 1911. 1 2 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. DESCRIPTION. Perennials or sometimes apparently annuals with erect or creeping culms and flat, usually broad, sometimes petioled leaf blades. Inflorescence paniculate, the open or contracted panicles terminal and axillary, the spikelets usually in pairs, unequally short-pediceled along the stiffly spreading or ascending main branches, or rarely single in an open panicle. Spikelets with keeled glumes, thus appearing somewhat laterally compressed, similar in structure to those of Panicum, the glumes and sterile lemma usually rather strongly nerved, and commonly ending in an apiculation or convolute point. First glume usually more than half as long as the spikelet, clasping, 3-nerved, the second glume and sterile lemma about equal, longer than the fruit, 5-nerved, the lemma inclosing a membranaceous palea and rarely a staminate flower; fertile lemma usually acute or acutish, indurate, dorsally compressed; usually raised on a short stipe, the margins usually flat but in our species more or less inrolled, the base bearing on either side membranaceous appendages adnate to the lemma below, free above, the appendages in many of our species obso- lete and indicated only by minute scars or excavations; palea entirely inclosed in the margins of the lemma. Abnormal specimens occur, especially in nos. 2 to 4, in which the sterile lemmas are greatly multiplied, forming elongate curved spikelets, as much as 2 cm. long. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Appendages of fertile lemma well-developed wings. Blades widest near the cordate base............ 9. I. mexicanus. Blades narrowed toward the base, this not cordate. Sheaths densely long-villous.............. 8. I. leiocarpus, Sheaths glabrate or somewhat pilose. Blades lanceolate-linear, many times longer than wide; spike- lets slong -pediceledy igs cssts lies egt eave ie dee einle 10. I. ichnodes. Blades lanceolate-elliptic, not more than 6 times longer than wide. 7. I. nemoralis. Appendages of fertile lemma reduced to scars. Blades petiolate, the petiole 1 to 15 mm, long; first glume acute, about half as long as the spikelet. Spikelets 3 mm. long; culms delicate, spreading, much branched; blades not over 6 mm. wide............ 1. I. mayarensis. Spikelets 3.5 to 4 mm. long; culms erect, simple or sparingly branched; blades: cto, eremswiGess waws4 boeeaaes i eee 6. I. lanceolatus. Blades more or less clasping, often oblique at base, usually over 1 em. wide. Glumes with attenuate tips, usually exceeding the sterile lemma and floret ; blades thin, more or less pilose. Spikelets with a few long stiff hairs near the margin toward the summit of both glumes; plants delicate; blades rarely over 45em slong yang ss em, sw Cases eae en en eee 2. I. tenuis. Spikelets glabrous or scabrous on the midnerves only; blades up toivem. long anda emeswieny. yeasts ie ane 3. I. nemorosus. Glumes acute or acuminate but not attenuate, the first shorter than the spikelet; blades firmer. Blades lanceolate, 1 to 2 em. wide, glabrous. .... 4. I. pallens. Blades oval to ovate-lanceolate, 1.5 to 3.5 em. wide, often pubes- cent: (Deneathy 2c: 205 acre renee eee eee 5. I. axillaris. CANS Aya autres a ‘ Ba als iN oo sus My S > sk Ah ete he tee yee ennai a app ah Semen bee roe ero nasiinsssenast am enna ieee ‘4 awe ewe - ~ — ~ 7 eeeepi malty panera 2 ‘ a pineecnp ese aeinene ~ - t - ~ , ' i Pe — ’ a tt tr er ante a . . aenidpaa ee re reeves eat ie oe a —_ Pirmcenillene e pens mto> - a oanclinees a A te uF iho ifcipasichiiee rbd N 4 ’ Se eg ymctther a cet - s pull - mag — “ one ett ep te a A a eer hes eae se ne nna nine ee cntrtene mt aera “ rthe oN 2 y b 7 Se li ioe dart epee gees ean inne Pa ee nn a ne ne em a all ne ent _~- ‘ 5 ~ * Sak * TE: - ‘ a Ae Tre : Ws! +i Me? ats *. agar Ba OSL SOREL RN a Ce LSE AL LG aa nprs mer Tit cee one dens Ree et ws ORE SCARRED AE SS ES ve HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN GRASSES. 5 8. Ichnanthus nemorosus (Swartz) Doell. Panicum nemorosum Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Oce. 22. 1788. ‘ Jamaica, Domingo.” The type has been examined in the Swartz Herbarium at Stock- holm. It is from Jamaica. Milium nemorosum Moench, Meth. Pl. Suppl. 67. 1802. Based on Panicum nemorosum Swartz. Ichnanthus nemorosus Doell in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2: 289. 1877. Based on Panicum nemorosum Swartz. DESCRIPTION, Culms spreading and creeping, rooting at the nodes, much branched, pubes- cent or glabrescent, the nodes pubescent, the fertile shoots decumbent or rising to the height of 10 to 20 cm.; sheaths shorter than the internodes, pubescent or glabrescent, villous on the margin and collar; blades ovate- lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, 3 to 7 cm. long, 1 to 2 cm. wide, clasping at the usually asymmetric base, somewhat abruptly narrowed toward the apex, thin, sparsely hispid and scaberulous on both surfaces or glabrescent; panicles terminal and axillary, 1 to 4 cm. long, ovate or often narrow, the few branches weakly spreading or appressed, usually not over 2 cm. long, the axes angled and scabrous, villous at the base of the branches; spikelets 2.5 to 3 mm. long, glabrous, the pedicels short, 1 to 2 mm. long or less; first glume a little shorter than the second and about as long as the sterile lemma, broad and somewhat clasping at the base, 5-nerved, the lateral nerves contiguous, acuminate or attenuate-pointed, the keel scaberulous above; second glume and sterile lemma 5-nerved, the lateral nerves distant, the glume scaberulous on the keel, acu- minate or attenuate-pointed, sometimes with-a few hairs near the margin, the lemma smooth on the keel, acute or somewhat rounded at apex, the sterile palea well developed, nearly as long as the lemma; fertile lemma lanceolate, 2 mm. long, acutish, yellow-brown at maturity, the scar at base about 0.3 mm. long, bearing no wing below, the margins somewhat inrolled, distant. This species resembles J. pallens, but is more delicate, has thinner blades, and is usually more prostrate; the spikelets are shorter and more obtuse. DISTRIBUTION. Shady banks and rich woods, West Indies, Mexico, and Central America. San Luis Potosi: Las Canoas, Pringle 5827. Veracruz: Misantla, Purpus 6217. Jalapa, Hitchcock 6649. GUATEMALA: Guatemala City, Hitchcock 9047. Cubilquitz, Tiirckheim 4038. Costa Rica: La Palma, Yonduz 12509, 12515. La HKsmeralda, Tonduz 1346. Santa Rosa du Copey, Vondue 11889. San José, Hitchcock 8479. PANAMA: El Boquete, Hitchcock 8268, 8276, 83818, 8329. Chiriqui Volcano, Hitchcock 8195, 8205. CuBpaA: Habana, Leén 3635. Sierra de Anafe, Wilson 11538 (Leén 2873). Banao Hills, Santa Clara, Ledn 3997. La Perla, Oriente, Leén 3908. Retiro, Wright 3881. Mogote de Mono, Wright 3882. Arroyo Hondo, Wright 3858. Santo Domineo: Without locality, Poiteau. JAMAICA: Gordon Town, Harris 11476; Hart 923. Ramble, Amer. Gr. Nat. Herb. 582. Troy, Hitchcock 9798. Catherines Peak, Hitchcock 9741. Cas- tleton, Harris 11296. Clyde River, Harris 11447. Porto Rico: Cayey, Sintenis 2406. 6 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. LEEWARD ISLANDS: St. Kitts, Britton & Cowell 682. Winpwarpb IstANps: Grenada, Broadway 177. TRINIDAD: Port of Spain, Hitchcock 10041. Caparo Woods, Broadway 4931. EXPLANATION OF PLATE 3.—Ichnanthus nemorosus. Specimen from River Estate, Port of Spain, Trinidad, Hitchcock 10041 (U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 975139). Natural size. 4. Ichnanthus pallens (Swartz) Munro. _ Panicum pallens Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 23. 1788. ‘‘ Jamaica.” The type has been examined in the Swartz Herbarium at Stockholm. Panicum henmignostum Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 77. 1854. “ Paraguay.” The type has been examined at the Paris Herbarium. Ichnanthus pallens Munro; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 414. 1861. Based on Panicum pallens Swartz. DESCRIPTION. Culms much branched, spreading, creeping at the base, rooting at the nodes, the fertile culms ascending 380 to 80 cm. or sometimes more, puberulent ; sheaths usually glabrous on the surface, villous on the margin; blades lanceolate, often somewhat falcate, 5 to 10 cm. long, mostly 1 to 2 cm. wide, somewhat clasp- ing at the asymmetric narrowed base, somewhat abruptly narrowed to an acuminate point, the lower surface glabrous or slightly scaberulous, roughened with irregular crossveins, sometimes with a few scattered stiff hairs, the upper surface scaberulous, often with a few stiff hairs at the base and on the basal portion of the margin; panicles terminal and from several of the upper axils, 5 to 10 em. long, rather compact, elliptic, the main branches ascending, as much as 6 cm. long, usually bearing secondary branches, the axes angled and scab- rous, pubescent at the base of the branches; spikelets 3 to 3.5 mm. long, glab- rous or rarely with a few stiff hairs; first glume 1.5 to 2 mm. long, somewhat clasping at base, attenuate-pointed, scabrous on the keel; second glume longer than the sterile lemma, acuminate but scarcely attenuate-pointed, scabrous on the keel and roughened on the lateral nerves; sterile lemma similar to the second glume, but shorter and less narrowed at the summit, the palea well developed, nearly as long as the lemma; fertile lemma oblong, 1.5 mm, long, rounded at apex, the margins inrolled, distant, the scars at base 0.8 mm. long, narrowly winged at the side. DISTRIBUTION. Shady banks and rich woods, tropics of the Western Hemisphere, from southern Mexico and Cuba southward; introduced in southeastern Asia. VERACRUZ: Cordoba, Hitchcock 6454. Jalapa, Hitchcock 6675. Mirador, Lieb- mann 400, 401, 740 (abnormal). CAMPECHE: Atasta, Rovirosa 642 (abnormal). GUATEMALA: Cubilquitz, Tiirckheim 4088. Sepacuité, Collins € Goll 011 (abnor- mal). Senaht, Goll 178 (abnormal). Livingston, Tiirekheim 8792. Honpvuras: San Pedro Sula, Thieme 17, 5590, 5594. Puerto Sierra, Wilson 614. Costa Rica: San José, Cooper 5991. Buenos Aires, Pittier 10591. Caflas Gordas, Pittier 7361. Boca de Zhorquin, Tonduz 8636. San Marcos, Tondus 7564. Rodeo de Pacaca, Pittier 3269. Luis, Tonduz 11393. Ter- raba, Tonduz 3616. Boruca, T'onduz 3633. PANAMA: Matias Hernéindez, Pittier 6923. Bocas del Toro, Hart 69, 72, 89. Culebra, Hitchcock 8023, 9164. Bas Obispo, Hitchcock 9210. Gattn, Mazon 4654; Hitchcock 9181. Alhajuela, Pittier 2335. Corozal, Hitch- cock 9201. El Boquete, Hitchcock 8273, 8302, 8306. San Felix, Pittier 5204 (abnormal), 5230, 5272. . | ase 4 SP er Attias 24 MA tpt AF on é Le Fee iE IEE fe EB. “aseaks i li igey ae j a f) i i A => 1 3579) & S 7 f é i. ay, iS Sy Rene Fat fe £79 oF $ . Yomiensn eo Ae Prsal, (et. Ramanrk. WW. CORR, Qe. Caan, 3: S44. 14-5). Soarsd_ sitar ae toy , r = ‘ 2 bY 2 ay . eye Be SS Drone y ay xa asain ay coeeatacneeanel Sree sill ‘ ST te 6m ea genital fallin Spnoctpente cane leaner ep onarnacnperaneiiaa serena STO a See es Ome em aber ny ae Mee a STE E. . OF Pat — — we mr oa ment getarrenrnn er tO at . ; bs "ie K+ G9 : oe: + - re PRON. Tet etn a et wind 7 one anteienlny 9 i aia eparnias etecieguarepansneantot ee - - - M IO a eae ‘ € we . ta oe : a te men a teeny beeen a re i 7 ST hl Fags ee im a ne te rate eet . " x ' nA PLS Stal Te page ; ro etme - Sn a ere eR A A et er me a en POA on 4+ rns treme oarsmen See hess rata * othe Ly ca jain ‘ 3 t hes iat cnleerntnaeaeiemasanieamieieoeee ee Ju 0 , ‘1 Sah OE SRE “ riticamennhane ve sn eeeeseer ae ‘ Benes ~ ay et een te eg Sm fen A lh iN el Rp estar tlh rapahear capt E15 r fas sede d i Ad pals a+ animator pean igs ean : ¢ : Get ee ine alate en nd — mo HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN GRASSES. i Cupa: Monte Verde, Wright 750. Sancti Spiritus Mountains, Ledén 6524 (abnormal). Camino Aguacate, Wilson 9210. Gran Piedra, Shafer 9015. Woodfred, Shafer 3022. Holguin, Shafer 1446. Baracoa, Pollard, Palmer é& Palmer 15. El Guama, Palmer & Riley 130 (abnormal), 218. El Palen- quito, Eggers 4814. San Diego de los Bafios, Leén 4849. JAMAICA: Red Hills, Harris 11837. Ipswich, Harris 12511; Hitchcock 9619. Devon Pen, Harris 12472. MHolliss Savanna, Harris 12258. Bull Head Mountain, Hitchcock 9581. Troy, Hitchcock 9799. Claverty Cottage, Harris 11523. Castleton, Harris 11298, 11485. Port Morant, Hitchcock in 1890. Cedar Hurst, Harris 11549. Porto Rico: Rio Piedras, Stevenson 3327; Hioram 362; Wetmore 171. Sierra de Luquillo, Hagers 1172; Chase 6717. Maricao, Sintenis 214; Chase 6196. Bayamon, Millspaugh 352; Heller 92. Mayaguez, Molin 38, 165; Heller 4374 ; Cowell 628; Chase 6821. Santurce, Heller 826. Ponce, Heller 6093. Santa Ana, Goll 136. Toa Alta, Goll 884. Utuado, Britton & Cowell 369, 883. Jayuya, Britton & Cowell 949. Alegrillo, Britton, Stevens & Hess 2576. Monte Montoso, Britton & Cowell 4189; Sierra de Naguabo, Shafer 3388, 3629. Fajardo, Britton & Shafer 1633. Campo Alegre, Chase 6805. San Juan, Chase 6362, 6405, 6411, 6628, 6629, 6640, 6774. Cayey, Chase 6736. Quebradillas, Chase 6571. Arecibo, Chase 6450. Vega Baja, Chase 6418. Santo DomiInGo: Sanchez, Rose 4383. Santo Domingo City, Rose 3748. With- out locality, Wright, Parry & Brunvmel 608. LEEWARD ISLANDS: Antigua, Rose 38487; Wullschlaegel 619. Montserrat, Shafer 710. Guadeloupe, L’Herminier 397; Duss 2686. WINDWARD ISLANDS: Martinique, Duss 772. Barbados, Hggers 7186; Bot. Sta. Herb. 458. St. Vincent, Hggers 6560. Grenada, Broadway 1103, 4615, 4672. TRINIDAD: Bot. Gard. Herb. 2281, 3189, 3191. Port of Spain, Crueger 74; Hitchcock 9955, 9966; Amer. Gr. Nat. Herb. 588, 584. Maraval, Broadway 4911. Tamana, Broadway 4960. Blanchisseuse, Broadway 3820. St. Joseph, Hitchcock 10018. San Fernando, Hitchcock 10104. Tabaquite, Hitchcock 10130. La Brea, Broadway 4977. Cedros, Hitchcock 10140. Tospaco: Broadway 4089, 4080; Hggers 5685; Hitchcock 10240, 10248. CoLoMBIA: Santa Marta, Smith 2183. BRAzIL: Capanema 5392, 5453; Burchell 1623. Rio Grande do Sul, Maline 506; Lindman 14148. Campina, Campos Novaes 1285 (abnormal), 1286. Rio Janeiro, Glaziou 17393, 17404. ParaGuay: Sierra de Amambahy, Hassler 11269. ARGENTINA: Misiones, Hkman 654, 656. EXPLANATION OF PLATE 4.—Ichnanthus pallens. Specimen from Port of Spain, Trini- dad, Hitchcock 9955 (U.S. Nat. Herb. no. 946899). Natural size. 5. Ichnanthus axillaris (Nees) Hitche. & Chase. Panicum asxillare Nees, Agrost. Bras. 141. 1829. “Itambé da Villa et Itacolumi ete. provinciae Minarum.’’ The type specimen, collected by Martius, has been examined at the Munich Herbarium. Ichnanthus axillaris Hitche. & Chase, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb, 18: 334. 1917. Based on Panicum avxillare Nees. DESCRIPTION. Culms much branched, spreading or prostrate, rooting at the nodes, the fer- tile shoots ascending 10 to 20 em. in open ground, or among shrubs clambering to the height of 1 to 1.5 meters, puberulent or glabrescent; sheaths villous, at least on the margin; blades oval, ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, 3 to 12 cm. long. 8 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 1.5 to 3.5 em. wide, cordate-clasping at base, acute or acuminate, rather thick or firm, pubescent or glabrous beneath, scabrous above; panicles terminal and axillary, similar to those of J. pallens but on the average larger, sometimes as much as 20 em. long; spikelets similar to those of J. pallens in arrangement and structure, but usually larger; glumes often sparsely pilose; sterile lemma con- taining a well-developed palea and a staminate flower; fertile lemma 2 mm. long, with prominent scars at base. This species is closely related to J. pallens, from which it differs in the thicker, proportionately broader blades and larger, often sparsely pilose spike- lets. DISTRIBUTION. Moist, more or less shaded slopes in the uplands, Porto Rico and Guatemala to Ecuador and Brazil. GUATEMALA: Cubilquitz, Tiirekheim 7800. Costa Rica: “ Chemin de Carrillo,” Biolley 3112. PANAMA: Frijoles, Hitchcock 8398. San Felix, Pittier 5203. Juan Diaz, Killip 4063. Porto Rico: Adjuntas, Chase 6472; Sintenis 4610; Britton & Shafer 2018. Utuado, Britton & Cowell 1008. Mayaguez, Heller 4479. Cayey, Chase 6735. Aybonito, Sintenis 2869. TRINIDAD: Tabaquite, Hitchcock 10125; Amer. Gr. Nat. Herb. 585. Maraval, Bot. Gard. Herb. 5425. Port of Spain, Hitchcock 10033. Tosaco: Hitchcock 10268. VENEZUELA: Santa Catalina, Rusby & Squires 358. Brazit: Parana, Dusén 7911. Ecuapor: Balao, Hggers 14655. EXPLANATION OF PLATE 5.—Ichnanthus avillaris, Specimen from Maraval, Trinidad, Bot. Gard. Herb. 5425 (U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 975122). Natural size. 6. Ichnanthus lanceolatus Scribn. & Smith, Panicum lindeni Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 29. 1886. Not P. lindeni Griseb. 1866, The type specimen, collected in Yucatéin by Linden, has been examined at the Paris Herbarium. Ichnanthus lanceolatus Scribn. & Smith, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 36. pl. 5. 1897. ‘“ Old fields about Izamal. No. 854. George F. Gaumer, Septen- ber, 1895.””. The type is in the United States National Herbarium, DESCRIPTION. Culms erect or slightly spreading at base, 40 to 60 cm. high, striate, glabrous or puberulent, the nodes about 4, glabrous, or puberulent below the sheath at the margin of the latter; sheaths shorter than the internodes, striate, glabrous on the surface or the lowermost villous, the margin villous; blades lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, or the lower ovate, 5 to 7 cm. long, 1 to 3 cm. wide, the uppermost reduced, rather firm in texture, glabrous or slightly scaberulous beneath, scabrous above, narrowed from a rounded or cordate base into a petiole 1 to 10 mm. long; panicles terminal or also axillary, 5 to 12 cm. long, the one from the uppermost sheath smaller, the few branches rather stiffly spreading, as much as 6 em. long, the axes scaberulous; spikelets about 4 mm. long, lanceolate, slightly compressed laterally, glabrous, the pedicels scabrous, unequal, the shorter of the pair about 1 mm. long, the longer about 3 mm. EAR ree et cataleck (> Cundnmaaphslbsopad coke bae RINE PE SEL SALMAN S eat abn a a Se Oot he ato epee setae icyh dae edepers si (acta Ghaeatis Ceoetateang i Say RRR FUN Me RR Nik A a re ty enn enim im lea — Pe anit nena are aa oe a - - et mr a ah eer een a a antes te Si ar lt myn Dd i aes os. Pw HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMER.CAN GRASSES. 9 long; first glume 2 mm. long, broad and clasping at base, acute; second glume and sterile lemma nearly equal, clasping at base, acuminate, the sterile palea small and narrow, about 1 mm. long; fertile lemma nearly 3 mm. long, acute, the margins flat and overlapping toward the apex, inrolled and nearly meet- ing toward the base, the scar at base very short, extending downward into a minute wing on the very short stipe. DISTRIBUTION. Forests and old fields; known only from Yucatén peninsula. YucaTAn: Izamal, Gaumer 854. Tiap, Linden. QUINTANA Roo: Buena Vista Xbac, Gaumer 1111. Chichankanab, Gaumer 2181, EXPLANATION OF PLATH 6.—Ichnanthus lanceolatus. Type specimen, Natural size. 7. Ichnanthus nemoralis (Schrad.) Hitche. & Chase. Panicum nemorale Schrad.; Schult. Mant. 2: 255. 1824. “In Brasilia, Prin- ceps Sereniss. Maximil. Neowidensis.’’ The type has not been examined but the description identifies the species. Panicum martianum Nees, Agrost. Bras. 188. 1829. ‘“ Habitat ad Almadam {Brazil] (Mart.).” Nees describes three varieties of which the first, a, is the type. This is described as having the sheaths, except the margins, glabrous. Panicum petiolatum Nees, Agrost. Bras. 140. 1829. ‘Habitat in udis ad Guaratingueté, in vicinia Paraibae fluminis, provinciae S. Pauli,” Brazil. The type specimen, collected by Martius, was examined in the Munich Herbarium. Ichnanthus petiolatus Doell in Mart. Fl. Bras. 27: 278. 1877. Based on Pani- cum petiolatum Nees. Ichnanthus martianus Doell in Mart. Fl. Bras. 27: 280. 1877. Based on Pani- cum martianum a Nees. Ichnanthus nemoralis Hitche. & Chase, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 334. 1917. Based on Panicum nemorale Schrad. DESCRIPTION. Culms as much as 1 meter tall, more or less decumbent at base, pubescent or glabrous; sheaths more or less pubescent, villous on the collar; ligule a ciliate membrane about 1 mm. long; blades elliptic or narrowly lanceolate, up to about 10 or 15 cm. long, as much as 3 cm. wide, narrowed into a petiole 1 to 2 mm. long, many-nerved, pubescent on both surfaces or glabrous above; panicle 10 to 15 cm. long, the few stout branches stiffly ascending, pubes- cent at base; spikelets about 4.5 mm. long, glabrous, or the glumes slightly roughened on the internerves toward the apex; fruit 3.5 mm. long, the append- ages 1.5 mm. long. DISTRIBUTION. Among shrubs, Trinidad to Brazil. TrRInIDAD: Bot. Gard. Herb. 2278. sina ei Tonaco: Broadway, 4472. 9607 ! VENEZUELA: Island of Margarita, Onion 208. Brazi.: Toca de Onca, Rose 26077; Riedel 1198, 1194A. Rio Janeiro, Wilkes Erpl. Exped. 14; Mertens. State of Parana, Dusén 7594. Without locality, Salzmann, PT EXPLANATION OF PLATE 7.--Ichnanthus nemoralis. Specimen from Tobago, Broadway 4472 (U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 725595). Natural size, 115803—20. 10 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Ichnanthus glaber (Raddi) Hitche. (Navicularia glabra Raddi, Agrost. Bras. 89. 1823; Panicum navicularia Nees, Agrost. Bras. 136. 1829). This species has been confused with Ichnanthus nemoralis but differs in having narrowly lanceolate blades, glabrous sheaths (including margin), and an open panicle with slender branches and pedicels. The appendages of the fertile lemma are distinctly different, being firm and rather thick, gradually narrowed to a blunt point, extending above the base of the palea for 0.5 mm. and united below to the base of the fruit for about the same distance. The appendages of J. nemoralis and its allies are thin membranaceous wings. The notes here given are from a specimen collected by J. N. Rose on Corcovado, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (no. 20181). The type of Navicularia glabra, collected “in saltibus montosis prope Rio-janeiro,’ has not been examined, but the specimen above cited agrees perfectly with Raddi’s description. There is an Ichnanthus glaber Link* mentioned as a synonym under Panicum glaberrimum Steud. The name has no taxonomic standing, as it was not prop- erly published. 8. Ichnanthus leiocarpus (Spreng.) Kunth. Panicum leiocarpon Spreng. Neu. Entd. 1: 248. 1820. ‘“ Hab. in Brasilia.” Navicularia lanata Raddi, Agrost. Bras. 40. 1823. “In herbidis prope Rio- Inhumirim,” Brazil. This is given as a synonym of Panicum leiocarpon by Nees,’ who probably saw Sprengel’s type at Berlin. Raddi describes and figures the glumes and sterile lemma as pubescent at apex, a character which is not mentioned by Sprengel. Sprengel’s type has been examined; the spikelets are obscurely pubescent at apex but not bearded as stated by Raddi. As I have not seen Raddi’s type, Navicularia lanata is included here somewhat doubtfully. Ichnanthus leiocapus Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: Suppl. X. 1880. Based on Pani- cum leiocarpon Spreng. DESCRIPTION. Culms 1 to 2 meters tall, pubescent ; sheaths villous or lanate; ligule a ciliate membrane, the hairs 1 to 2 mm. long; blades narrowly lanceolate, 10 to 20 em. long, 1 to 3 cm. wide, pilose on both surfaces; panicle large and open, about 80 em. long, obovoid, the axis villous below, scabrous above, the branches spreading, pubescent at base, these and the branchlets somewhat flexuous; spike- lets about 4 mm. long, glabrous; first glume about half as long as spikelet; fruit narrow, brownish, 3'mm: long, the appendages about 1 mm. long. DISTRIBUTION. Trinidad to Brazil. TRINIDAD: Bot. Gard. Herb. 3318. BrAziL: Bahia, Riedel 183. Rio Janeiro, Beyrich. 9. Ichnanthus mexicanus Fourn. Ichnanthus mexicanus Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 84. 1886. “Trapiche de la Con- cepcion [Oaxaca] (Liebm. n. 457).” The type, in the Copenhagen Herbarium, is the terminal part of a culm with a panicle and one or two leaves. The description below is drawn from this specimen. * Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 94. 1854. ? Agrost. Bras. 147. 1829. to egy oa rye he ane oa mien greene : a ot as Waka POE paces es pe ae s 7 ~ © . } 7 s perinhareR che myin: apap lett 2 men's +eeeteets tn pn i rp att in amet pl ane oats) chalet ; ‘s y 3 dren ete bo nen mare — mins me meme pe eee c : ty Th Sta - * * 5 a = i ew i Sy eee ee) Ure wer eee pn dette bem ot te een “ oe = eee os = paridieennte———- =e apices eS carapiens estes hier Leap rai e a re, — vo be ame tere ee ee a ' Sethi artellinlat ai8 ee vey ene we nne een rewrote rh then ane - etn = whi ve pars 2 A ee nn ht nna ee — Sac i ‘ d af OR Pai ie laghir emit ctnaidistemenny 3 yoyo ae meee rie erinlan erepaeats pene Senne rte cmt et ene ee ae pt —_— 1 + yeh A te pr eee! hes alma — wth Lenape =i 7 ‘ Ai ty Pa av Me Lah _— a ee ~ | ae a Sw ee Lea ew et eee ran ere 4 3 bs I ° ‘ he x etre rN em = a a ee ay aN RS a me mwa eR Re em per pa j at) cet aah ahh ri nem bth Ee ee ee HITCHCOCK AND CHASE—NORTH AMERICAN GRASSES. 11 DESCRIPTION. Culms tall, glabrous; sheaths densely villous or glabrate; ligule a very short, densely ciliate membrane; blades (only the upper seen) gradually narrowed from the cordate base to a slender point, 8 to 18 cm. long, as much as 2.5 cm. wide near base, pubescent on both surfaces; panicle 30 cm. long, about 8 em. ' wide, rather densely flowered, the branches ascending, clustered, the longer ones aS much as 10 cm. long, spikelet-bearing from base; spikelets single or in clusters along the scabrous rachis, 4 to 4.5 mm. long, the pedicels 1 to 2 mm. long, densely scabrous-hispidulous; first glume about as long as the spike- let, 3-nerved, pointed, scabrous, villous along the margins and at the apex; second glume about as long as the fruit, 5-nerved, scabrous, the long hairs sparse or wanting; sterile lemma similar to the second glume but weakly 5-nerved, the palea well developed, ciliate on the keels; fertile lemma about 3 mm. long, the boat-shaped point distinct, the appendages rather firm, ovate- oblong, distinct from near the base, about 0.5 mm. long. DISTRIBUTION. Known only from the type collection. OaxacA: Trapiche de la Concepcién, Liebmann 457. EXPLANATION OF PLATH 8.—Ichnanthus mexicanus. Type specimen. Natural size. Zt é ie Spek. Tes. 10. Ichnanthus ichnodes (Griseb.) Hitche. & Chase. Panicum ichnodes Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 551. 1864. Collected in Trinidad by Crueger near Port of Spain, “ heights of S. Anne.” The type specimen in the Grisebach Herbarium consists of an incomplete leafy culm and a large spreading panicle. Ichnanthus ichnodes Hitche. & Chase, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 385. 1917. Based on Panicum ichnodes Griseb. DESCRIPTION. _ Plants erect from a somewhat decumbent base, bearing short knotty root- stocks and forming colonies; culms 1 to 2 meters tall, glabrous, or sparingly villous below; sheaths keeled, the lower overlapping, glabrous or sparsely villous, densely villous on the margin and on the collar; ligule a ciliate mem- brane about 1 mm. long; blades narrowly lanceolate to linear, the lower ones as much as 30 cm. long, 1 to 2 cm. wide, narrowed below, scabrous, sometimes sparsely villous, densely villous above near base; panicle oblong, as much as 30 cm. long, the branches fascicled or branched at base, finally spreading, pubescent or villous at base; spikelets blunt, about 2.5 mm. long; first glume very scabrous on the keel, more than half as long as spikelet, often sparsely villous; second glume roughened toward apex; sterile floret often staminate; fruit 2 mm. long, the appendages 0.5 mm. long. The elongate blades and the large, much-branched, many-flowered panicles of blunt spikelets give this species the aspect of a species of Panicum. The small spikelets lack the point at the ends of the glumes and lemmas, but the appendages at the base of the fertile lemma show that the species belongs to Ichnanthus. 12 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. DISTRIBUTION. Wood borders, in partial shade, Trinidad, TRINIDAD: Port of Spain, Amer. Gr. Nat. Herb. 586, 587; Bot. Gard. Herb. 3182. St. Anne, Crueger 77. St. Joseph, Hitchcock 10178, 10179, 10191. Piarco Savanna, Hitchcock 10357. Pitch Lake, Bot. Gard. Herb. 2299. EXPLANATION OF PLATH 9.—Ichnanthus ichnodes. Specimen from St. Joseph, Trinidad, Hitchcock 10179 (U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 946898). Natural size. DOUBTFUL OR EXCLUDED SPECIES. PANICUM SCHLECHTENDAMLII Fourn.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 496. 1885, a name only; Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 22, 30. 1886. “ P. pallens Schlecht... non Sw.” No description except the few characters given in the key. These point to J. nemorosus. PANICUM SCHLECHTENDAMLI var, MONSTROSUM Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 31. 1886. “Mirador (Gal. n. 5689).” Galeotti’s specimen in the Paris Herbarium is a plant with abnormal spikelets. Probably J. pallens. ICHNANTHUS APICULATUS Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 30: 1. 1901. This is Panicum cordovense Fourn. a 1) oe Paint . Ase iba s. 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