11901002 10 1SSINS 11ATÀ ADO1007Z 10 IVNAYNOÏ SSIMS REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE TOME 117—FASCICULE 1 Publication subventionnée par: ACADÉMIE SUISSE DES SCIENCES NATURELLES (SCNAT) VILLE DE GENÈVE SOCIÉTÉ SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE Comité de rédaction DANIELLE DECROUEZ Directrice du Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Genève ALICE CIBOIS, PETER SCHUCHERT Chargés de recherche au Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Genève Comité de lecture A. Cibois (oiseaux), G. Cuccodoro (coléoptères), S. Fisch-Muller (poissons), B. Merz (insectes, excl. coléoptères), J. Mariaux (invertébrés excl. arthropodes), M. Ruedi (mammifères), A. Schmitz (amphibiens, reptiles), P. Schwendinger (arthropodes excl. insectes). Le comité soumet chaque manuscrit pour évaluation à des experts d'institutions suisses ou étrangères selon le sujet étudié. La préférence sera donnée aux travaux concernant les domaines suivants: taxonomie, systématique, faunistique, phylogénie, évolution, morphologie et anatomie comparée. Administration MUSÉUM D'HISTOIRE NATURELLE 1211 GENÈVE 6 Internet: http://www.ville-ge.ch/musinfo/mhng/page/rsz.htm PRIX DE L’ABONNEMENT: SUISSE Fr. 225.— UNION POSTALE Fr. 250.— (en francs suisses) Les demandes d’abonnement doivent être adressées à la rédaction de la Revue suisse de Zoologie, Muséum d'histoire naturelle, C.P. 6434, CH-1211 Genève 6, Suisse ANNALES de la SOCIÉTÉ SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE et du MUSÉUM D'HISTOIRE NATURELLE de la Ville de Genève tome 117 fascicule 1 2010 8 k FL GENEVE MARS 2010 ISSN 0033 - 418 X REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE SWISS JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE TOME 117— FASCICULE 1 Publication subventionnée par: ACADÉMIE SUISSE DES SCIENCES NATURELLES (SCNAT) VILLE DE GENÈVE SOCIÉTÉ SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE Comité de rédaction DANIELLE DECROUEZ Directrice du Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Genève ALICE CIBOIS, PETER SCHUCHERT Chargés de recherche au Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Genève Comité de lecture A. Cibois (oiseaux), G. Cuccodoro (coléoptères), S. Fisch-Muller (poissons), B. Merz (insectes, excl. coléoptères), J. Mariaux (invertébrés excl. arthropodes), M. Ruedi (mammifères), A. Schmitz (amphibiens, reptiles), P. Schwendinger (arthropodes excl. insectes). Le comité soumet chaque manuscrit pour évaluation à des experts d'institutions suisses ou étrangères selon le sujet étudié. La préférence sera donnée aux travaux concernant les domaines suivants: taxonomie, systématique, faunistique, phylogénie, évolution, morphologie et anatomie comparée. Administration MUSÉUM D'HISTOIRE NATURELLE 1211 GENÈVE 6 Internet: http://www.ville-ge.ch/musinfo/mhng/page/rsz.htm PRIX DE L’ABONNEMENT: SUISSE Fr. 225.— UNION POSTALE Fr. 250.— (en francs suisses) Les demandes d'abonnement doivent être adressées à la rédaction de la Revue suisse de Zoologie, Muséum d'histoire naturelle, C.P. 6434, CH-1211 Genève 6, Suisse REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE 117 (1): 3-10; mars 2010 Osellaeus bonvouloiri occidentalis ssp. nov. from the Vercors (France) — an alpine element at its distributional limits (Coleoptera, Apionidae) Christoph GERMANN Zoological Museum, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland. E-mail: germann.christoph@ gmail.com Osellaeus bonvouloiri occidentalis ssp. nov. from the Vercors (France) — an alpine element at its distributional limits (Coleoptera, Apionidae). - Osellaeus bonvouloiri occidentalis SSp. nov. was discovered in the Vercors, France. This remarkable finding on low altitude represents the most western site within the known distribution area of the nominal species. Keywords: Coleoptera - Apionidae - Osellaeus - taxonomy - endemism - alpine species - subspecies - isolation - Western Alps. INTRODUCTION Osellaeus bonvouloiri (Brisout, 1880) is distributed in the subalpine and alpine zone from 1600-3100 m in the central and western Alps of Italy, Switzerland and France. In Italy, the species 1s recorded from Veneto, Lombardia, Valle Aosta, and Piemonte (Abbazzi & Osella, 1992). In Switzerland it is known from Berner Oberland, where the locus typicus (Brienzer Rothorn) is situated, furthermore from Waadt, Wallis, and Ticino (Scherler, 1995). It should be mentioned at this point that the altitude of 3000 m indicated by Brisout (1880: 232) is wrong, as the top of the Brienzer Rothorn just reaches 2350 m. From France, records of ©. bonvouloiri are known from Haute Savoie, Hautes Alpes (Briançonnais, Queyras), and Alpes-Maritimes (Tempère, 1978, Tempère & Péricart, 1989). Two subspecies have been described so far: 1. O. b. georgeli (Hoffmann, 1929). The description was based on specimens from Eymoutiers (France: Haute Vienne). The finding location as well as the circumstances of the capture are very doubtful (see Tempère, 1978: 224, Tempère & Péricart, 1989: 347). Furthermore after Tempère & Péricart (1989) there are no reliable differences to the nominal species, and the subspecies was listed as synonym to ©. bon- vouloiri. AS a consequence Pelletier (2005) does not mention ©. b. georgeli in his checklist anymore. 2. O. b. baldensis (Belld, Meregalli & Osella, 1980). The description was based on specimens from Telegrafo, Monte Baldo (Italy: Veneto) at the easternmost limit of the distribution area of ©. bonvouloiri (Bell, Meregalli & Osella, 1980). Compared to the nominal species, ©. b. baldensis is distinguishable after the authors (op. cit.) by the Manuscript accepted 13.11.2009 4 CH. GERMANN slender and longer rostrum, the more protruding eyes, and the strong first segment of the funiculus as well as the oval shaped, more flatted club. Generally, specimens of the type series are smaller, the antennae are more slender (gracile), the integument 1s shinier, and the aedeagi are rounded at the apex. Only the last two characters of ©. b. baldensis are similar to those mentioned in the following description of ©. bonvouloiri occidentalis SSp. nov. MATERIAL AND METHODS Collection took place on 16th of October 2001 on the Col de la Bataille, at the border of the Plateaux du Vercors in France. The new subspecies was captured by sifting mosses and tuffs of Saxifraga oppositifolia L. The biotope 1s characterised by rocky creeping of limestone. The body size was measured laterally from the apex of the elytra to the eyes frontal margin (rostro excluso, r. e). The apex of the aedeagus was measured at the broadest point (B), and from there to the tip of the apex (L) as illustrated in Fig. 3b. The pictures were taken with a 4-megapixel digital camera (JVC) under a stereo- microscope (Leica M7Z16). The images were modified with the program Auto-Montage (Synoptics) for best results in depth of sharpness, and then reworked using Adobe Photoshop version 10.0.1 (Adobe Systems Incorporated). The type material of ©. b. occidentalis SSp. nov. is preserved in the following collections: Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum Innsbruck, Austria (TLMEF); Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Genève, Switzerland (MHNG); Naturhistorisches Museum Bern, Switzerland (NMBE); Natural History Museum Vienna, Austria (NHMW); collection Christoph Germann, Thun, Switzerland (cCG). TAXONOMIC PART Osellaeus bonvouloiri occidentalis ssp. nov. Figs 1a-3a HOLOTYPE: 1 d: France, Vercors, Col de la Bataille, 1400 m, 16.10.2001, leg. Ch. Germann (MHNG). PARATYPES: 5 d 4 and 5 © © , same indications as the holotype. 3 © ? MHNG, 1 6 and 1 ° NMBE, 1 6 TLMEF, 1 6 NHMW,2 G 6, 1 © cCG. DESCRIPTION Size (r..e): 17-24 mm(6 1.7-2.3:mm, 9 2.1-24 mm) Body colour: black with a metallic shine. Elytra are dark bluish to greenish coloured. Head, rostrum and antennae: punctuated, some points with tiny (hardly visible) short bright recumbent hairs. The spaces in between the points are mostly wider than the diameter of a point, weakly chagrined so that the integument is still shiny. Antennae are strong and short, inserted at the end of the first third of the rostrum. The last two segments of antennal funiculus are transverse. The antennal club 1s big, almost three times as wide as the last antennal segment. Pronotum: (Fig. 2a) index (L/B): 0.91-1.07. About as long as wide, cone- shaped, widest at the base. As far as the surface concerns, same features as head and OSELLAEUS BONVOULOIRI OCCIDENTALIS D 1 mm FIGs 1-2 (la) Osellaeus b. occidentalis ssp. nov. holotype. (1b) Osellaeus b. bonvouloiri (Ch. Brisout, 1880) from the type locality. (2a) Pronotum, head and rostrum from Osellaeus b. occidentalis ssp. nov. holotype. (2b) Same from Osellaeus b. bonvouloiri (Ch. Brisout, 1880) from the type locality. rostrum, before the almost invisible scutellum slightly carinated a fourth till a third of the total length. Elytra: without humeral callus (apterous), laterally strongly rounded, widest in or behind the middle, sometimes trapezoid-shaped. Intervals flatted at the disc, more 6 CH. GERMANN bulged towards the apex, wider than the deep striae. Tiny (almost invisible) short bright recumbent hairs are scarcely visible in a single row on the intervals. Surface chagrined, but still shiny. Legs: strong, claws simple. Aedeagus: (Fig. 3a) medianlobus laterally almost not attenuated towards the tip, the tip clumsy, rounded. Sexual dimorphism: Weak, rostrum of 9 is longer and slender, almost four ti- mes longer than wide, index (L/B): 3.7.In d & the rostrum is shorter and thicker, about three times longer than wide, index: 3.2. Furthermore the fifth sternite of ? % is rounded towards the apex, thus longer. In & & its sides are parallel, thus shorter. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS The new subspecies was compared with three specimens of the nominal species from the type locality Brienzer Rothorn (Figs 1b-3b). Furthermore it was compared with additional 48 specimens from various localities of the known distribution area from Switzerland, Italy and France (see Appendix). The most conspicuous traits of ©. b. occidentalis SSp. nov. are the shiny surface of the body provoked by the less chagrined cuticula as well as the rounded, clumsy, laterally hardly attenuated apex of the median lobe of the aedeagus. Osellaeus b. occidentalis sSp. nov. differs from the nominal species as follows: - surface of the body shiny, much less chagrined (Fig. 1a) (O. b. bonvouloiri: surface dull, strongly chagrined, Fig. 1b). - head, rostrum and pronotum scarcely and shallowly punctuated, gabs in between mostly as wide as the points (Fig. 2a) (O. b. bonvouloiri: densely and deeply punctuated, gabs in between half as wide as points or less, Fig. 2b). - apex of the medianlobe of aedeagus rounded (appearing clumsy, thickened and hardly attenuated, tip: L/B = 1.1 (N = 6, max. 1.25, min. 1.0, std. dev. 0.09) (Figs 3a, 4) (O. b. bonvouloiri: apex in lateral view slender, strongly attenuated towards the tip, L/B: = 1.6 (N = 21, max. 2.08, min. 1.24, std. dev. 0.26) (Figs 3b, 4)). BIONOMY As already known from the nominal species, ©. b. occidentalis ssp. nov. lives on Saxifraga. The sifted tuffs of S. oppositifolia L. are thought to be the host plant. A special fact concerning ecology is the comparatively low altitude (1400 m) where the new taxon was found, as well as the late appearance time (October). The latter could also be an artefact, as it is not that efficient concerning weather conditions to conduct excursions at higher altitudes that late in the year. The author already collected specimens of the nominal species in late September nearby Zermatt (see Appendix). DERIVATIO NOMINIS The new subspecies occidentalis is named after its most western finding location (Latin: occident = western). OSELLAEUS BONVOULOIRI OCCIDENTALIS 1 0.5 mm 0.2 mm FIG. 3 (3a) Aedeagus, lateral (above) and the apex dorsal (below) from Osellaeus b. occidentalis ssp. nov. holotype. (3b) Same from Osellaeus b. bonvouloiri (Ch. Brisout, 1880) from the type locality. DISCUSSION The discovery of ©. b. occidentalis ssp. nov. in the Vercors is at the very margin of the main distribution area. The closest finding locations up to date of the nominal species are the specimens from Dévoluy, Tête de la Cluse (Hautes Alpes) more than sixty kilometres eastern. As already shown with the ssp. baldensis by the respective authors, the tendency to differentiate is typical for the apterous, thus much immobile, and ecologically such specialised alpine element ©. bonvouloirt. The speciation process of ©. b. occidentalis SSp. nov. is explained with its isolation from the main population of the nominal species. The 1llustrated morpho- 8 CH. GERMANN L/B tips of aedeagi FIG. 4 Graph showing length to wide (L/B) ratios of the tips of the aedeagi of the nominal species (left, N = 21, std. dev. 0.26) in contrast to Osellaeus b. occidentalis ssp. nov. (right, N = 6, std. dev. 0.09), whereas those of the latter are almost as long as wide, see also explanations in the diffe- rential diagnosis. logical differences are classified as objective verifiable indication of a genetic diver- gence towards the nominal species. However, this should be verified directly with molecular methods. Unfortunately this was not possible within the present study. If the new taxon is isolated in respect of reproduction, in the sense of the biological species concept, this obviously cannot be answered coherently. Although a certain sign was found in the different morphology of the aedeagus, a functional structure that is well known to be a key character in taxonomy. Because of the uncertainty of existing reproductive barriers, and based on comparatively small morphological differences, the new taxon is preliminarily classified as subspecific. OSELLAEUS BONVOULOIRI OCCIDENTALIS 9 CONSERVATION The distribution and size of the discovered population of ©. b. occidentalis ssp. nov. in Vercors is not yet known. However, the new subspecies is thought to be isolated, and thus very narrowly distributed as well as highly endangered through hypothetical landscape change or environmental change including global warming, because of the low altitude. One important goal of the present description is to underline the importance of this unique population of Osellaeus bonvouloiri occi- dentalis SSp. nov. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks go to Charles Huber (NMBE) who provided technical equipment, to Manfred Kahlen (TLMF) for the loan of specimens and to Peter Sonderegger (Switzerland, Brügg) for handing me over his finds. Lutz Behne (Senckenbereg, Deutsches Entomologisches Institut) kindly provided useful references. I am thankful to Jean Pelletier (France, Monnaie), posthumous to Wolfgang Suppantschitsch (Austria, Vienna), and to an anonymous referee for their valuable comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. REFERENCES ABBAZZI, P. & OSELLA, G. 1992. Elenco sistematico-faunistico degli Anthribidae, Rhino- maceridae, Attelabidae, Apionidae, Brentidae, Curculionidae italiani (Insecta, Coleoptera, Curculionoïidea). Redia (Firenze) 75 (2): 267-414. BELLO, C., MEREGALLI, M. & OSELLA, G. 1980. Una nuova sottospecie di Apion bonvouloiri Bris. del Monte Baldo (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Apionidae). Bolletino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Verona 7: 519-525. BRISOUT DE BARNEVILLE, CH. 1880. Descriptions de Coléoptères nouveaux d Europe. Annuaires de la Société entomologique de France (1880): 232. HOFFMANN, À. 1929. Une nouvelle variété du genre Apion: (Perapion) Bonvouloiri Ch. Bris., var. Georgeli n. var. (Col. Curculionidae). Miscellanea Entomologica 32: 43-44. HOFFMANN, À. 1958. Faune de France, No. 62. Coléoptères Curculionides. 31ème partie. Editions Paul Lechevalier, Paris, pp. 1210-1839. PELLETIER, J. 2005. Catalogue des Curculionoïidea de France (Coleoptera). Biocosme Mésogéen, Nice 21 (3): 75-147. SCHERLER, P. 1995. Répartition actuellement connue en Suisse de quelques Coléoptères Curcu- lionides d'altitude. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 68: 179-187. TEMPÈRE, G. 1978. Catalogue des Coléoptères Curculionidae de France. Essai de mise à jour critique. Sixième partie. Entomops 46: 213-232. TEMPÈRE, G. & PERICART, J. 1989. Faune de France 74. Coléoptères Curculionidae 4ième Partie. Fédération française des sociétés de sciences naturelles, Paris, 534 pp. IS [8101 j A4NN HeS 4 VLET LT OOO£ 1RISJOUI0) ‘JJEUH9Z SITTEAN PUETIOZNMS I CE TAIN HSUS 4 99618 OOET JUS [09 94 “SOI QIS10O SITTEAA PUBTOZIIMS xT A4NN RIEUS 4 CSL LL OOTE 2HOUISSES ‘ZJUOUITIO) SITTEAA PUETOZIIMS [ A4NN I[EUS 4 861 8 CI SGELC (2HQUS 2P [09) pUBMQ 2P 21Qu24 SITTEAA PUETIOZIIMS [ D uueuen) y) COUT 6 FC OOÿT de ‘neuuoz STEAM PUETIOZIMS [ A4NN uueurRe) ‘U) COUT 6 PC OOC dIPIOHNA ‘Neuuo7 STEAM PUBHOZIMS I A4NN RITES 4 I00C 8 £I RAUre 2ÂBN 9P SIOUIOY ‘XNEJASA JPEUN PUETOZIIMS + A4NN FIEDS 4 LO6T 8 ÿI OOLI-O0091 OSOISU9D) QUOIN OH9I UBS [ASE UISSAL PUETHOZIMS xŸ A4NN RIRUS 4 98019100 OOLT-0091 OSOISU9T) QUOIN OHSI US ASE) UISSAL PUETISZIIMS 2 k€ D9 uueurRe) ‘U) ÿOOC S'6C OS3I unpyuuno “peeIS) UR4 PUETOZIIMS Z € A4NN JTSUSS 4 CO0UC L'6C O9£C U9S9IN UE PUETSZIMS 2 D99 1988919PUOS ‘4 T00C'S'6 0t9c J2I8U9811S8UA A ‘UIOUSNU20] SUIS L ‘U2POQ[2PY UI9Y PUPFIOZIIMS E +*Ÿ A4NN 1255919pu0S 4 t007'8 6 0p9T J21SU9811SSUA O ‘UIOUSTJU90][OSUIUOSL ‘USPOGI9PY UIOY PUPFIOZIIMS 12 A4NN RIRUS 4 000€ 8 IT OSEC UIOUJOY ‘ZUSLIA URE PUETHOZIIMS 14 D9 uueuR) £OOC L'6 OSTC 9H 9P OUI SAOQE ‘OSIA AJUOIN AUOT ATeI] xC H4NN uueusn) U) COUT L'8 QONE 2JPUOIHUOTSS EUSTIO) AJUON BIPIEQUOT ATeI] +] D99 UUBULI9N) ‘UT TO0C L'S OOIT 2[PUOINUIYI9S PUSLIO) AJUOIN] CIPIEQUOT AT +] AW'IL UOTE 9661 8 9 O8SC SIOIENSIEIN EJUNd ‘OOUN) SOUNIEIN-SOdIY ATeI] xCT ANW'IL USB 000€ 9 OI OSTT-OSOC 2PIS-AN ‘9SN[D E] 9P SQL ‘ANJOA9G sod{y saine JOUET + ANW'IL USTUB HT N 966186 OOTC dOS-A ‘UOPNEI) tIS2L SAUNIIUIN-SOdTy SOUCI Joqunu UOIJ99[[09 ‘80 9JEP [ui] spninre AJIfR901] 10 (4) ASHOISE UE UJIM POYIPUU 918 Sn$29P98 AU] JO SJUOIAINESOU 107 posn sadures ‘Apns Juasaid ou} SULINP uOSLEdWOS 107 UONBEUILUEXS JIopun (O88I ‘INOSLIS ‘U)) 1410/N0AU0G 1110/N0AU0Q SN2D]J9SQ JO SuaWI99dS [S 94) a paysT] :xXipuoddy REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE 117 (1): 11-16; mars 2010 Alaocyba ientilei n. sp. (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea, Raymondionymidae) dell’Isola di Marettimo (Isole Egadi, Sicilia) Cosimo BAVIERA Dipartimento di Biologia Animale ed Ecologia Marina Università di Messina, Salita Sperone 31,1-98166 Sant’Agata, Messina, Italia. E-mail: chaviera@unime:t Alaocyba ientilei n. sp. (Coleoptera: Curculionoiïidea, Raymondio- nymidae) from Marettimo Island (Egadi Archipelago, Sicily) - Alaocyba ientilei n. Sp. (Coleoptera Raymondionimidae) of Marettimo island (Egadi Archipelago, Sicily), is described. The new taxon belongs to the group "Alaocyba carinulata Perris, 1869" (sensu Osella, 1977) and 1s closely related to A. separanda Dodero, 1916 (Pantelleria) and A. lampedusae Dodero, 1916 (Lampedusa). It 1s distinguishable by the aedeagal and pro- notal shape and by the elytral and pronotal punctation. Short remarks on taxonomy, biogeography and ecology of the new species are also given. Keywords: A/aocyba - New species - Taxonomy - Sicily. INTRODUZIONE Nell’ambito di ricerche sulla fauna del suolo in Sicilia, accurate indagini sono state compiute anche nell’Isola di Marettimo (Egadi). Dal vario materiale entomo- logico raccolto, in particolare Coleotteri, à stata rinvenuta una A/aocyba Perris, 1869 (Coleoptera, Raymondionymidae) che è risultata entità inedita alla Scienza la cui descrizione è l’oggetto del presente lavoro. Alaocyba à un Raymondionimidae del Mediterraneo occidentale revisionato da Osella (1977) con l’attribuzione di sette specie, tutte a distribuzione pressoché puntiforme. Nel 1998 Magnano e Mifsud ne aggiunsero un’ottava. Alaocyba melitensis Magnano & Mifsud, 1998 di Malta. Nella revisione del 1977, Osella individua nell’ambito di Alaocyba due gruppi di specie: il gruppo “carinulata” con cinque entità ed 1l gruppo “elongatula” comprendente due specie del nord Africa. In territorio italiano sono conosciute attualmente quattro specie (Osella et al., 2005), distribuite in Italia centrale, nelle isole di Lampedusa e Pantelleria ed in Sardegna. L’unica specie sarda Alaocyba carinulata Perris, 1869, à stata in passato segnalata anche per la Sicilia da Croissandeau (1896) dato ripreso poi da Vitale (1903), ma mai più confermato. MATERTITALI E METODI Tutti gli esemplari sono stati raccolti mediante vaglio e imbuto di Berlese, e incollati su cartellini entomologici. Nei casi in cui è stato estratto l’apparato genitale, questo è stato incollato su un altro cartellino montato sullo stesso spillo dell’esemplare di provenienza. Le misure sono state ottenute mediante media aritmetica tra cinque Manuscript accepted 03.09.2009 17 C. BAVIERA _ S esemplari per sesso scelti casualmente. La foto dell’habitus è stata effettuata utilh1zzando un microscopio Jeol JSM-5610LV. COLLEZIONI PRESSO LE QUALI SARANNO CONSERVATI L'HOLOTIPO ED I PARATIPI. CB: Coll. C. Baviera (Messina); COB: Coll. G. Osella & C. Bellù (Verona); CP: Coll. C. Pesarini (Milano); MSNG: Coll. Museo di Storia Naturale di Ginevra Svizzera; MSND: Coll. Museo Civico di Storia Naturale "G. Doria" (Genova); MSNM: Coll. Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Milano; MZC: Coll. Museo Zoologico “Cambria” (Messina). TAXONOMIA Alaocyba ientilei sp. n. Figs 1-2 HOLOTIPO: 1 maschio, etichettato “Sicilia: Trapani, Isole Egadi, Marettimo, Pizzo del Capraro, 500 m s.1.m., 16.V.2006, C. Baviera leg.”, MSNM. PARATIPI: 150 exx. stessi dati dell’holotypus; 120 exx. stessa località, 25.X.2006, C. Baviera leg.: 200 exx stessa località 20.1V.2007, C. Baviera leg. (CB, COB, CP, MSNG, MSND, MSNM, MZC). DIAGNOSI: Una A/aocyba del gruppo carinulata vicina à Alaocyba separanda Dodero, 1916 e ad Alaocyba lampedusae Dodero, 1916. Facilmente distinguibile da queste per le dimensioni medie leggermente inferiori, per la strozzatura alla base del rostro poco evidente, per la punteggiatura del pronoto evanescente e per quella delle elitre appena più marcata con presenza di lunghe setole nei punti. DIAGNOSIS: An Alaocyba species belonging to the “A. carinulata” group, closely related to Alaocyba separanda Dodero, 1916 and to Alaocyba lampedusae Dodero, 1916. It is distinguishable by a slightly lower average size, the rostrum inconspicuously narrowed at base, the fading pronotal punctuation, and the somewhat more pronounced punctuation of the elytra combined with the presence of a long seta at each puncture. DESCRIZIONE DELL'HOLOTYPUS MASCHIO: Corpo convesso, stretto ed allungato, di colorazione bruno-rossiccia (F1g.1). Capo conico, separato dal rostro da un debole solco trasversale. Rostro leggermente ricurvo, dorsalmente liscio, scanalato nella metà prossimale, con ai lati tre serie di punti recanti lunghe setole addossate alla superficie orientate anteriormente, nel caso delle due serie laterali, mentre quelle delle serie centrali sono rivolte verso il centro del rostro. Antenne con scapo distalmente ingrossato e funicolo appena più lungo di questo, 1° articolo del funicolo 2 volte più lungo che largo 2°-6° subquadrati con 1l 5° e 6° più globosi. Protorace più stretto delle elitre, a margini arcuati con la massima larghezza anteriormente alla metà e con rapporto lunghezza-larghezza pari ad 1,22; la punteg- giatura, assente in un’areola anteriore triangolare, è evanescente e risulta costituita da punti radi meno profondi di quella delle elitre ed appena più ravvicinati ne1 quali sono impiantate lunghe setole in parte reclinate con angolo e direzione diversi. Elitre convesse, centralmente subparallele, con margini posteriori arcuati; le 3° interstrie poco rilevate e la rugginosità cosi come la punteggiatura è appena evidente, anche se 1 punti sono più profondi che non nel pronoto. ALAOCYBA IENTILEI N. SP. DELL'ISOLA DI MARETTIMO, SICILIA 13 Î # à ZE & FIG. 1 Alaocyba ientilei n.sp.; habitus. FIG. 2 Alaocyba ientilei n.sp.; edeago. 14 C. BAVIERA Edeago vicino a quello di À. separanda e di A. lampedusae, ma dotato di lobo mediano con apice appiattito e legamenti mediani ingrossati all’apice (Fig. 2). MISURE: Maschio: Lunghezza escluso il rostro: 0,96 mm; rostro: 0,20 mm; lunghezza protorace: 0.28 mm; larghezza protorace: 0,27 mm; lunghezza elitre: 0,71 mm: larghezza elitre: 0,34 mm. Femmina: Lunghezza escluso 1l rostro: 1,02 mm; rostro: 0,20 mm; lunghezza protorace: 0.36 mm: larghezza protorace: 0,28 mm; lunghezza elitre: 0,76 mm; larghezza elitre: 0,36 mm. CARATTERISTICHE DEI PARATIPI: Vi è Scarsa variabilità dimensionale tra 1 para- tip1. I maschi differiscono dalle femmine per le dimensioni leggermente inferiori, e per l’addome più slanciato inferiormente con concavità centrale. NOTE DI COMPARAZIONE: Per l’inserimento del nuovo taxon la chiave alle specie del genere pubblicata da Osella (1977), pud essere modificata come segue: + Antenne a funicolo allungato, 1° articolo delle antenne da 1 e a 2 volte più lungo che larco/elitre debolmente puntessiate "7... .. 4bis 4bis 1° articolo delle antenne 1 e } più lungo che largo, 2°-5° leggermente allungati o subquadrati, 6° leggermente traverso, punteggiatura del pronoto più forte di quella delle elitre, questa fine, confusa con la rugo- sità, Specialmente nella parte discale. Protorace nettamente più lungo che largo (1,45 X). Primo e secondo segmento addominale fortemente reti- colati nella parte mediana. Lunghezza mm 1,00 - 1,40 s.r. Pantelleria . . Use 2. À. separanda Dodero - 1° articolo delle antenne 2 volte più lungo che largo, 2°-5° leggermente allungati o subquadrati, 6° leggermente traverso, punteggiatura del pro- noto più debole di quella delle elitre, questa fine, confusa con la rugo- sità, specialmente nella parte discale. Protorace debolmente più lungo che largo (1,22 X). Lunghezza mm 0,96-1 02 s.r. Marettimo . . . À. ientilei n. Sp. - Antenne a funicolo breve, 1° articolo appena più lungo che largo, restanti subquadrati o traversi, elitre evidentemente punteggiate ........... 5 DERIVATIO NOMINIS: Dedico con piacere questa nuova specie all’amico Renzo lentile, ornitologo competente e appassionato oltre che profondo conoscitore dell’isola di Marettimo, che mi ha dato modo di scoprire la suggestiva bellezza di questa piccola ed interessante 1sola. NOTE TASSONOMICHE, BIOGEOGRAFICHE ED ECOLOGICHE La nuova specie, pur appartenendo al gruppo “carinulata” (sensu Osella, 1977), si avvicina molto di più a À. separanda ed A. lampedusae, per il rostro separato dal capo da una depressione evidente e l’assenza di carena mediana sul pronoto, che non ad À. carinulata. Da Alaocyba theryi, Meyer, 1897 si distingue per il corpo non depresso ed il torace a punteggiatura evanescente. Quest’ultimo carattere & utile anche a distinguere À. ientilei n. sp. da A. marcuzzii, Osella, 1977, À. separanda e A. meli- ALAOCYBA IENTILEI N. SP. DELL'ISOLA DI MARETTIMO, SICILIA 15 tensis. Rispetto ad A. lampedusae sono diversi gli articoli 2°-5° del funicolo dell’antenna che non si presentano trasversi e le 3° interstrie elitrali poco rilevate. La differenza più marcata che perà distingue la nuova specie da quelle finora descritte, è nell’edeago che, seppur ricordando quello di À. separanda e di À. lampedusae, presenta l’apice del lobo mediano subtroncato, inoltre caratteristici della nuova specie sono gli apici dei legamenti mediani ingrossati in modo molto evidente (Fig. 1B). L’affinità della nuova specie con A. separanda e A. lampedusae, conferma l’ipotesi avanzata da Osella (1977) riguardo alle caratteristiche delle eventuali specie presenti in Sicilia. La presenza di una specie del genere A/aocyba nelle isole Egadi ed in partico- lare nella più antica ed isolata tra queste (Canzonieri, 1970), come è l’isola di Marettimo, è un dato certamente di rilievo che ben si inserisce nel contesto di distri- buzione tirrenica già rilevabile per le altre specie del genere, come nel caso di À. meli- tensis nell’Isola di Malta. Con la nuova entità descritta, 1l numero delle specie finora note arriva cosi a nove, sette delle quali ascrivibili al gruppo carinulata (sensu Osella, 1977), mentre prende sempre più corpo l’ipotesi che almeno una ulteriore specie di Alaocyba ascrivibile a questo gruppo sia effettivamente presente in Sicilia, anche se verosimilmente molto rara e localizzata. Non stupisce che proprio a Marettimo si siano create le condizioni opportune all’endemizzazione di una specie di endogeo cieco specializzato come À. ientilei n. Sp. infatti quest’isola, oltre a possedere una peculiare conformazione che ne ha garantito una migliore conservazione delle condizioni ambientali rispetto alle altre isole dell'arcipelago (Levanzo e Favignana) dove finora la specie non sembra essere presente, si è staccata dal complesso siculo diverse migliaia di anni prima, restando isolata già per l’intero quaternario, sviluppando in tal modo numerosi importanti endemismi (Canzonieri, 1970). L'importanza della fauna di Marettimo dal punto di vista biogeografico è stata inoltre sottolineata nel corso di precedenti ricerche sulla fauna dell’Isola (cfr. Magnano & Osella, 1973; Osella, 1973), nel corso delle quali è emerso come la composizione della fauna a curculionidi sia molto differente rispetto a quella delle altre due isole dell’arcipelago, con una maggiore percentuale di specie non volatrici, sia rispetto alle altre isole, sia alla Sicilia. La larga maggioranza degli esemplari à stata raccolta lavando terriccio prele- vato sotto Quercus ilex L. e Pistacia lentiscus L. a circa 500 m di quota. Successive ricerche svolte in modo più approfondito in diverse stazioni al livello del mare sotto Olea europea L. e macchia mediterranea composta da P. lentiscus, Ferula Sp. e Ruta graveolens L. hanno consentito la raccolta solo di pochi esemplari. Si è cosi portati a ritenere che À. ientilei n. sp., molto diffusa sull’Isola, sia probabilmente legata a più di una essenza vegetale, anche se verosimilmente il fattore determinante per la specie potrebbe essere l’umidità del suolo, nettamente maggiore alle quote più elevate. Le condizioni peculiari presenti a queste quote sono dovute alle nebbie che si formano nel corso dell’intero anno che, anche in periodo estivo, portano un livello d’umidità note- volmente diverso rispetto al resto dell’isola. Qui crescono gli ultimi lembi di lecceta che portano alla formazione di un substrato umico sufficientemente profondo da consentire la vita di endogei specializzati come Typhloreicheia berninii Magrini, Bastianini e Petrioli, 2001, raro endemita dell’isola. 16 C. BAVIERA RINGRAZIAMENTI Desidero ringraziare 1l Dr. Carlo Pesarini per 1l consueto aiuto e sostegno ed il Prof. Giuseppe Osella per 1 preziosi consigli e la rilettura critica del manoscritto. BIBLIOGRAFIA CANZONIERI, 1970. I Tenebrionidae delle Isole Egadi. Memorie del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona, XV, 1970, pp. 55-89. CROISSANDEAU, 1896. Etude sur le genres Alaocyba, Tourneuma et Amaurorrhinus. Naturalista siciliano 1: 28-33, tavv. I-IIT. MAGNANO, L. & MIrsUD, D. 1998. A new species of Alaocyba Perris, 1869 (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Raymondyonyminae) from Maltese Islands. Annalen des Natur- historischen Museums in Wien 100 B: 175-178. MAGNANO, L. & OSELLA, G. 1973. La curculionidofauna delle isole circum-siciliane: alcune os- servazioni Zoogeografiche. Lavori Società italiana di Biogeografia (n. s.) 3:1-31. OSELLA, G. 1973. I Curculionidi delle isole Egadi (Coleoptera). Afti dell’ Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali di Catania. Ser. IX, 5: 19-50. OSELLA, G. 1977. Revisione della sottofamiglia Raymondionyminae (Coleoptera, Curculio- nidae). Memorie del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona (1 serie). Sezione Scienze della Vita 1. 162 pp. OSELLA, G., BIONDI, S., DI1 MARCO, C., MAGNANO, L. & ZupPA, A. M. 2005. Coleoptera Curculionidae. In: Ruffo S., Stoch F. (eds.), Checklist e distribuzione della fauna italiana. Memorie del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona, 2. serie, Sezione Scienze della Vita, 16: 231-234. VITALE, F. 1903. Gli Erirrhinini siciliani — Nota VII — Rivista Coleotterologica Italiana, Camerino, I, 110-123, 166-178. REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE 117 (1): 17-22; mars 2010 An annotated list of type specimens of Orthoptera (Insecta) described by Ferdinand Karsch and deposited in the collections of the Muséum d’histoire naturelle de la Ville de Genève John HOLLIER Muséum d'histoire naturelle. C.P. 6434, CH-1211 Genève 6, Switzerland. Email: John.Hollier@ ville-ge.ch. An annotated list of type specimens of Orthoptera (Insecta) described by Ferdinand Karsch and deposited in the collections of the Muséum d’histoire naturelle de la Ville de Genève. - Probable type specimens of twenty two species of Orthoptera described by Karsch have been identified in the collection of the Museum. The names are listed alphabetically together with the number, sex and label data of the specimens, their location in the collection, and the current nomenclatural combination. Keywords: Orthoptera - type material - Karsch. INTRODUCTION Ferdinand Karsch (1853-1936) was an important entomologist, arachnologist and anthropologist who worked as curator at the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin from 1878 to 1921. He produced some thirty publications dealing with Orthoptera, most of them relating to the German colonies in Africa. Karsch often indicated how many specimens he had, though it is not always stated, but did not designate a type specimen where he had more than one, so that these series are syntypes. The bulk of the material he studied is in Berlin (Groll, 2006). The Orthoptera collections of the Muséum d’histoire naturelle de la Ville de Genève (MHNG) contain a large number of specimens, mainly African, from the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin. It is not clear how or when this material came to the MHNG: it must have arrived after 1896, when some of the species were described. It seems probable that it relates to the expedition by Johann Carl of the MHNG to eastern central Africa (including some German colonies) in 1908. The Berlin specimens are easily identified by the characteristic printed blue data labels, the usual MHNG labels for African specimens being red or pink, and often handwritten. Amongst this material are some 40 species described by Karsch, some of which have been labelled as “types” or ‘“co-types” by someone at the MHNG. Some of these examples cannot be types in the modern sense, because the description mentions only one specimen (and a holotype is in Berlin), or the locality data are different (and sometimes collected after the description was published). Others are almost certainly syntypes, and are listed below, though it remains possible that some of these specimens are subsequent captures at the type locality. Manuscript accepted 21.10.2009 18 J. HOLLIER ARRANGEMENT AND FORMAT The species are listed alphabetically. The format for each 1s: species Author, work: page [Original generic placement]. Number of specimens: “Label data” [format of label]. Comments and location of material in MHNG collections. Currently valid binomen of taxon, based on OSF. The abbreviation OSF refers to Orthoptera Species File Online (Eades & Otte, 2009). agomena Karsch, 1896: 282. [Caryanda!]. One © with labels: “Togo, Misahôhe 1893, E. Baumann S.” [printed on blue card]; “Caryanda agomena Karsch, type” [handwritten on pink paper]. Box ZI8. Carydana agomena (Karsch, 1896). asymmetrica Karsch, 1896: 330 [Pardalota]. One & and one © with labels: “Ussagau - Uganda, Mai-Aug. 1894, O. Neumann S.” [handwritten on blue card]; “Pardalota asymmetrica Karsch (ex Mus. Berlin)” [handwritten on pink paper]. Box B9. Pardalota asymmetrica Karsch, 1896. denudatus Karsch, 1891b: 330 [Apreroscirtus]. One & with labels: “Kamerun, Barombi-Stat., Preuss S.” [printed on blue card]: “Apteroscirtus denudatus Karsch” [handwritten on pink paper]; “co-type” [printed on pink card]. Box DS. Apteroscirtus denudatus Karsch, 1891. doenitzi Karsch, 1889: 461 [Cosmozoma!]. One 4 with labels: “Madagascar, H. de Saussure” [printed on white paper]; “Cosmozoma doenitzi Karsch” [handwritten on pink paper]; “P. Naskrecki Note: possibly a type, July 2002” [handwritten on white paper]. There are several other specimens with the same data labels in the insect box, the identification of this specimen as a type is therefore doubtful. Box B21. Cosmozoma doenitzi Karsch, 1889. festa Karsch, 1893: 74 [Zacompsa|]. One © with labels: “Togo, Bismarckburg, 15-31.12.90 R. Büttner S.” [printed on blue card]; “Zacompsa festa Karsch, type” [handwritten on pink paper]. According to OSF the lectotype of this species is in Berlin, making this speci- men a paralectotype. Box U16. Zacompsa festa Karsch, 1893. festivus Karsch, 1891a: 190 [Srenocrobylus]. One & and one ® with labels: “Kamerun, Barombi-Stat., Preuss S.” [printed on blue card]; “Stenocrobylus festivus Karsch type” [handwritten on pink paper]. ORTHOPTERA OF F. KARSCH 19 Box 255. Stenocrobylus festivus Karsch, 1891. fullonius Karsch, 1896: 251 [Odontomelus]. One 9% with labels: “Chinchoxo, Falkenstein S.” [printed on blue card]; “Odontomelus fullonius Karsch, type” [handwritten on pink paper]. According to OSF the holotype of this species 1s in Berlin, but the likelihood of specimens with the same collector and locality data not being syntypes seems low (on- ly the female sex mentioned in description). Box U9. Phryganimelus fullonius (Karsch, 1896). granulosus Karsch, 1886: 316 [Mecopoda]. One © with labels: “Kamerun, Gebirge Buea, Preuss S.” [printed on blue card]: “Leproscirtus granulosus Karsch” [handwritten on pink paper]. Box DS. Leproscirtus granulosus (Karsch, 1886). inclusa Karsch, 1893: 125 [Pachypyga]. One © with labels: “Togo, Bismarckburg, 15-31.12.90 R. Büttner S.” [printed on blue card]; “Pachypyga inclusa Karsch, cotype” [handwritten on pink paper]. Box BS. Horatosphaga inclusa (Karsch, 1893). lauta Karsch, 1896: 282 [Badistica]. One % with labels: “Togo, Misahôhe 1893, E. Baumann S.” [printed on blue card]; “Badistica lauta Karsch, type” [handwritten on pink paper]. Box ZI8. Badistica lauta Karsch, 1896. luculenta Karsch, 1896: 254 [Paracinema]. One 4 with labels: “Togo, Misahôühe 94, E Baumann S.” [printed on blue card]; “Paracinema luculenta Karsch, type” [handwritten on pink paper]. Box UI15. Paracinema luculenta Karsch, 1896. miniatulus Karsch, 1893: 108 [Prerotiltus]. One & with labels: “Bismarckburg, Togoland 91, R Büttner S.” [printed on blue card]; “Pterotiltus miniatulus Karsch, type” [handwritten on pink paper]. Box Z15. Pterotiltus miniatulus Karsch, 1893. munda Karsch, 1893: 70 [Rhabdoplea]. One 4 with labels: “Bismarckburg, Togoland, R Büttner S.” [printed on blue card]; “Rhabdoplea munda Karsch, type” [handwritten on pink paper]. Box U16. Rhabdoplea munda Karsch, 1893. 20 J. HOLLIER nitidula Karsch, 1891a: 185 [Segellia]. Three 4 & and two 29 with labels: “Kamerun, Barombi-Stat., Preuss S.” [printed on blue card]; “Segellia nitidula Karsch, type” [handwritten on pink paper]. Box 251: Segellia nitidula Karsch, 1891. nyassicus Karsch, 1896: 313 [Orbillus]. Two € 4 and two © ® with labels: “Nyassaland, Milanji, Brown V” [printed on blue card]; “Orbillus nyassicus Karsch, type” [handwritten on pink paper]. Box Z54. A junior Synonym of Eupropacris cylindricollis (Schaum, 1853). parcispinosa Karsch, 1893: 140 [Clasma]. One % with labels: “Bismarckburg, Togoland, R Büttner S.” [printed on blue card]; “Clasma parcispinosa Karsch, (ex Mus. Berlin)” [handwritten on pink paper]. Box F4. Clasma parcispinosa Karsch, 1893. pellucida Karsch, 1888b: 161 [Amytta]. One ? with labels: “Usambara, CW Schmidt Feb-März 86” [printed on blue card]; “Amytta pellucida Karsch” [handwritten on pink paper]. Box CI. Amrytta pellucida Karsch, 1888. putidus Karsch, 1896: 315 [Catantops]. Three 4 & and three 9 © with labels: “Nyassaland, Milanji, Brown V” [printed on blue card]; “Catantops putidus Karsch, type” [handwritten on pink paper]. Box 252: Cardeniopsis putidus (Karsch, 1896). rectiloba Karsch, 1890: 355 [Dithela]. One & and one © with labels: “Kamerun, Barombi-Stat.. Preuss S.” [printed on blue card]; “Dithela rectiloba Karsch, type” [handwritten on pink paper]. Box B&. Dithela rectiloba Karsch, 1890. saturata Karsch, 1892: 74 [Gravenreuthia}]. One ? with labels: “Kamerun, Gebirge Buea, Preuss S.” [printed on blue card]: “Gravenreuthia saturata Karsch (ex Mus. Berlin)” [handwritten on pink paper]. Box B15. Gravenreuthia saturata Karsch, 1892. tenuipes Karsch, 1890: 363 [Poreumena!]. One © with labels: “Kamerun, Barombi-Stat., Preuss S.” [printed on blue card]; “Cestromoecha tenuipes Karsch” [handwritten on pink paper]. ORTHOPTERA OF F. KARSCH 21 Box BIS. Cestromoecha tenuipes (Karsch, 1890). unguiculatus Karsch, 1888a: 147 [Mecopoda]. One © with label: “Gymnoscirtus unguiculatus Karsch” [handwritten on pink paper]; “co-type” [printed on pink card]. The label in the insect box has the locality “Usumbura” hand written in the bottom left corner (something often encountered in the MHNG collection). OSF states that the holotype of this species is in Berlin, but this is obviously an error because the original description details both male and female characters, without designating a holotype. Box DS. Mecopoda unguiculatus Karsch, 1888. There is also a specimen of Orthacanthacris humilicrus (Karsch, 1896) in box Z37 that has lost any labels once present, and which could be a syntype. DISCUSSION The presence of syntypes of Karsch species in the MHNG collection is unexpected. Primary types of all these species are present in the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, but the discovery of additional type material serves to further highlight the importance of the MHNG collections. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks are due to Peter Schwendinger and Anita Hollier for comments on the layout and text, and to Bernd Hauser for historical information about the collections. REFERENCES EADES, D. C. & OTTE, D. 2009. Orthoptera Species File Online. Version 2.0/3.5. at [Accessed 23 1x.2009]. GROLL, E. K.. (ed.) 2006. Entomologists of the world (biographies, notes on the current locations of entomological collections). Database 2. version, DEI im ZALEF e.V. KARSCH, F. 1886. Eine neue westafrikanische Mecopode. Entomologische Nachrichten Berlin 12: 316-318. KARSCH, F. 1888a. Zwei neue Mecopoda-Arten (Orthoptera). Entomologische Nachrichten Berlin 14: 145-148. KARSCH, F. 1888b. Die Meconemiden. Ein orthopterologischer Beitrag. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung 7: 159-162. KARSCH, F. 1889. Orthopterologische Beiträge IIL. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 32: 415-464. KARSCH, F. 1890. Verzeichnis der von Herrn Dr. Paul Preuss auf der Barombi-Station in Deutsch-Westafrika 1890 gesamellen Locustodeen aus den Familien der Phanero- pteriden, Meconemiden und Gryllacriden. Entomologische Nachrichten Berlin 16: 353-360. KARSCH, F. 1891a. Verzeichnis der von Herrn Dr. Paul Preuss in Kamerun erbeuteten Acridiodeen. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 36:175-196. KARSCH, F. 1891b. Übersicht der von Dr. Paul Preuss auf der Barombi-Station in Kamerun gesammelten Locustodeen. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 36(2):317-446. 22 J. HOLLIER KARSCH, F. 1892. Verzeichnis der von Herrn Dr. Paul Preuss im Kamerungebirge erbeuteten Orthopteren. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 37: 65-78. KARSCH, F. 1893. Die Insekten der Berglandschaft Adeli im Hinterlande von Togo (Westafrika), L. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 38: 1-266, 6 pls. KARSCH, F. 1896. Neue Orthopteren aus dem tropischen Afrika. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 57: 242-359. REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE 117 (1): 23-44; mars 2010 An annotated catalogue of the primary type specimens of the Orthoptera (Insecta) species described by Johann Carl and Adolf Fritze. John HOLLIER Muséum d'histoire naturelle, C.P. 6434, CH-1211 Genève 6, Switzerland. Email: John.Hollier@ ville-ge.ch. An annotated catalogue of the primary type specimens of the Ortho- ptera (Insecta) species described by Johann Carl and Adolf Fritze. - Name-bearing types of seventy three species-group names of Orthoptera described by Carl and Fritze are deposited in the Muséum d’histoire natu- relle de Genève. The names are listed alphabetically, and the sex, label data and condition of the specimens 1s given, along with their location within the collections, and the current nomenclatural combination. Keywords: Orthoptera - type material - Carl - Fritze - Geneva - Catalogue. INTRODUCTION Johann Carl (1877-1944, also known as Jean Carl) joined the Arthropod de- partment of the Musée d’histoire naturelle (now the Muséum d'histoire naturelle de la Ville de Genève or MHNG) as the junior assistant of Emil Frey-Gessner in 1900. Carl went on to become senior assistant and eventually deputy director of the museum, continuing the work of Henri de Saussure on Orthoptera, Diplopoda and Crustacea, and becoming à pioneer in the study of the Collembola. The career of Adolf Fritze (1860-1927), Carl’s predecessor as Frey-Gessner’s assistant, ended on a less happy note. After a short time in Geneva he moved back to his native Germany becoming curator of natural history and then deputy director of the museum in Hanover, and then director of the zoological gardens of that city. After many difficulties, due to the First World War and political instability following it, the zoo was forced to close in 1922. Between them, Carl and Fritze described 74 species or subspecies of Orthoptera. The MHNG collection holds primary types of 73 of these, the exception being the sub-species Decticus verrucivorus deliae described by Fritze in 1918, when he was working in Hanover. Carl normally gave the number of individuals on which his description was based. In the collection he usually labelled one specimen of each gender (if both were available) as a type and in some cases the other specimens as cotypes, but since these distinctions are not made explicit in the descriptions, all specimens are considered syntypes, unless he only had a single individual, or a lectotype has subsequently been designated. Manuscript accepted 11.12.2009 24 J. HOLLIER ARRANGEMENT AND FORMAT The species are listed alphabetically. The format for each is: species name Author, work: page [Original generic placement]. Number of specimens. Specimen: “Label data” [format of label]. Following the recommendations of Oh! & Oswald (2004) the condition of each specimen is noted, although damage to the tips of the antennae (especially in the Ensifera) or wear to wing margins 1s not enumerated. Other comments. Location of material in the MHNG main Orthoptera collection. Currently valid binomen of taxon (according to OSF). The abbreviation OSF refers to Orthoptera Species File Online (Eades & Otte, 2009). CATALOGUE acutipennis Carl, 1908a: 144 [Phisis]. Lectotype © (designated by Jin & Kevan 1992: 66) with labels: “Java 621 16” [printed on yellow paper]; “Theutras spec. nov.” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “specimen no. 2” [typewritten on white card]; “Lectotypus” [printed on red card]. The specimen is set with wings folded; it has lost the left front leg, the right middle and hind legs are detatched, and most of the left antenna 1s missing. The two other females from the type series are present in the collection. Box F24. Carliphisis acutipennis (Carl, 1908). annulifera Carl, 1914a: 544 [Trachyzulpha]. Holotype 4 with labels: “Tonkin, ach. Baudet” [printed on white paper]; “Trachyzulpha annulifera Carl, type” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Holotypus” [printed on red card]. The specimen is set with wings spread; the right hind leg is detached and lacks the tarsi. Images on OSF. Box B11. Trachyzulpha annulifera Carl, 1914. atrata Carl, 1914b: 542 [Elimaea!]. Holotype 4 with labels: “Tonkin, Than-Moi, Juni-Juli, H. Fruhstorfer” [printed on white card]; “Elimaea atrata, & type” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Holotypus” [printed on red card]. The specimen is set with the left wings spread and right wings folded; it has lost the tarsi of the front legs and the right middle leg, most of the left middle leg and most of the antennae. Images on OSE. Box B6. Elimaea atrata Carl, 1914. bilineatus Carl, 1916: 483 [Parahieroglyphus]. Lectotype d (designated by Mason 1973: 548) with labels: “Indes orient., Mr H. de Saussure” [printed on a strip of white paper]; “Parahieroglyphus bilineatus Carl” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Type” [printed on pink card]; “Parahieroglyphus bilineatus Carl, 1916 = P. bilineatus Bol. 1912, Lectotypus, J.B. Mason det. 1969” [determination handwritten on white card with Mason’s name and date printed]. The CARL AND FRITZE ORTHOPTERA TYPES [ee Un other 12 & and 12 $ specimens from the type series mentioned in the description are present. Box Z19. A junior synonym of Parahieroglyphus bilineatus Bolivar, 1912. bimaculata Carl, 1914a: 167 [Sikoriella]. Two & and four ® syntypes. À 4 with labels: “Saussure, Madagasc.” [printed on white paper]; “Sikoriella bimaculata Carl” [handwritten on pink paper]; “Type” [printed on pink card]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen 1s set with wings spread, it lacks the tarsi of the right front and right back legs. À 4 with labels: “Saussure, Madagasc.” [printed on white paper]; “Sikoriella bimaculata Carl” [hand written on pink paper]; “Type” [printed on pink card]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen is set with the left wings spread and right wings folded; the right front leg and most of the left antenna are missing. À © with labels: “Saussure, Madagasc.” [printed on white paper]; “Sikoriella bimaculata Carl” [handwritten on pink paper]; “Type” [printed on pink card]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen is set with the left wings spread and right wings folded; the tibia and tarsi of the left middle leg and the tarsi of the right middle leg are missing, as is most of the left antenna. Six eggs are glued to a card on the pin. À ® with labels: “Saussure, Madagasc.” [printed on white paper]; “Sikoriella bimaculata Carl” [handwritten on pink paper]; “Type” [printed on pink card]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen has the wings folded. A © with labels: “H. de Saussure, Madagascar” [printed on white paper]; “Sikoriella bimaculata Carl” [handwritten on pink paper]; “Type” [printed on pink card]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen has the wings folded; the right hind leg is detached. À © with labels: “Sikoriella bimacu- lata Carl” [handwritten on pink paper]; “Type” [printed on pink card]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen has the wings folded; the tarsi of both middle legs are lost. Four eggs are glued to a card on the pin. According to the original description Carl had six female syntypes and it is not clear where the other two are deposited. Images on OSF. Box B21b. Sikoriella bimaculata Carl, 1914. biolleyi Carl, 1916: 504 [Munatia]. Lectotype d (designated by Rowell, 1998: 40) with labels: “Munatia biolleyi Carl” [handwritten on green paper]: “Munatia biolleyi Carl & , Hololectotypus [sic] C.S. Carbonell 1966” [handwritten on red card]. The species name label in the box has “Costa-Rica” written in the bottom left corner. This specimen is set with wings spread. The other 4 and the © from the type series mentioned in the description are present. Images on OSF. Box 73. Munatia biolleyi Carl, 1916. brachypterus Carl, 1916: 485 [Teratodes]. Holotype ® with labels: “Teratodes brachypterus Carl” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Type” [printed on pink card]; “Holotypus” [printed on red card]. Box Z49. Teratodes brachypterus Carl, 1916. 26 J. HOLLIER brevicornis Carl, 1916: 498 [Thisiocentrus]. Lectotype d (designated by Dirsh, 1962: 321) with labels: “Madagasc, Annanarive” {printed on pink card]: “Thisiocentrus brevicornis Carl” [handwritten on pink paper]; “dé, vermutlich = Thisiocentrus sikorai I. Bol., Ramme det.” [determi- nation handwritten on white card with Ramme’s name printed]; “Thisiocentrus brevi- cornis Carl. Type! = Heteracris sikorai (1. Bol.), V.M. Dirsh det. 1958” [determination handwritten on white card with Dirsh’s name and the date printed]; “Type” [printed on card disc with red margin]; “Lectotypus” [printed on red card]. This specimen is set with the left wings spread and the right wings folded; it lacks the right hind leg and the right antenna. The other & and 12 ® specimens from the type series mentioned in the description are present. Box 275. A junior synonym of Heteracris sikorai (Bolivar, 1914). coelebs Carl, 1914a: 164 [Cosmozoma!]. Holotype d with labels: “Madagascar, Elliot” [printed on green card]; “Cosmozoma coelebs Carl 4” [hand written on pink paper]; “Holotypus” [printed on red card]. The specimen is set with wings spread; the tibia and tarsi of the left middle leg are missing, as are the antennae. The terminalia are also missing. Images on OSF. Box B21b. Conchotopoda coelebs (Carl, 1914). cuisinieri Carl, 1914b: 553 [Holochlora]. Holotype 4 with labels: “Tonkin, Cuisinier” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Holochlora cuisinieri Carl, 4 type” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Holotypus” [printed on red card]. The specimen 1s set with the left wings spread and right wings folded; it has lost the tarsi of both front legs and the left middle leg, both hind legs are detached and most of the left antenna is missing. Images on OSF. Box B17. Holochlora cuisinieri Carl. 1914. cuisiniert Carl, 1916: 461 [Tapesia]. Holotype % with labels: “Konakry” [handwritten on a strip of white paper]; “Tapesia cuisinieri Carl” [handwritten on pink paper]; “Type det. D.K.McE. Kevan 195-” [handwritten designation on printed white card]; “Holotypus” [printed on red card]. Despite being brachypterous, the specimen is set with the left forewing spread: the left middle leg is lost. Box X16. Dictyophorus cuisinieri (Carl, 1916). decorata Carl, 1916: 506 [Munatia]. Lectotype 4 (designated by Rowell, 1998: 29) with labels: “843 Carrillo alt. 600m, Cariblanco, Sarapiqui, P. Biolley” [handwritten on white paper]; “Munatia decorata Carl 4” [handwritten on green paper]; “Munatia decorata Carl à, Holo- lectotypus [sic] C.S. Carbonell 1966” [Handwritten on red card]. This specimen is set with the left wings spread and right wings folded; the tips of both antennae are missing. The second 4 from the type series mentioned in the original description is present. Images on OSF. Box 73. À junior synonym of Munatia punctata Stàl, 1875. CARL AND FRITZE ORTHOPTERA TYPES 27 decoratus Carl, 1916: 487 [Tonkinacris]. One & and three © syntypes. À 4 with labels: “Tonkin, Than-Moi, Juni-Juli, H. Fruhstorfer” [printed on white card]; “Tonkinacris vittatus Carl” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. Despite being brachypterous, this specimen is set with the left wings spread; the right front leg and right antenna are mis- sing. À ® with labels: “Tonkin, Than-Moi, Juni-Juli, H. Fruhstorfer” [printed on white card]; “Tonkinacris vittatus Carl” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. Despite being brachypterous, this specimen is set with the left wings spread; The left front leg and the left middle tarsi are missing, as is the right antenna. A © with labels: “Tonkin, Than-Moi, Juni-Juli, H. Fruhstorfer” [printed on white card]; “Tonkinacris vittatus Carl” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen lacks the left front tibia and tarsi, and the right antenna. À © with labels: “Tonkin, Than-Moi, Juni-Juli, H. Fruhstorfer” [printed on white card]: “Tonkinacris vittatus Carl” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This species was placed in the collection under the name “viftatus Carl”, but the specimens correspond to the published description of T. decoratus Carl. Box ZS1. Tonkinacris decoratus Carl, 1916. dispar Carl, 1914a: 175 [Wattenwyliella]. One & and one ? syntype. À 4 with labels: “Antongil, Madagascar, Brunner det” [handwritten on white card]; “Wattenwyliella dispar Carl, 4 type” [handwritten on pink paper]; “Type” [printed on pink card]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen 1s set with the left wings spread and right wings folded; the left hind leg 1s detached and most of both antennae is missing. À © with labels: “Antongil, Madagascar, Brunner det” [handwritten on white card]; “Wattenwyliella dispar Carl, type” [handwritten on pink paper]; “Type” [printed on pink card]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen is set with the left wings spread and right wings folded; most of both antennae is missing. Images on OSF. Box E31. Wattenwyliella dispar Carl, 1914. elongata Fritze in Carl, 1908b: 304 [Gryllacris]. Holotype © with labels: “Borneo” [printed on a strip of white card]; “G. elon- gata Fritze = G. nigripennis Gst. ssp. elongata F., Borneo coll. Morton, type!” [hand- written on white card]; “08” [handwritten on white disc of paper]; “Holotypus” [printed on red card]. The specimen is set with the left wings spread and right wings folded; the left front leg and both middle legs have lost the tarsi and most of the left antenna 1s missing. Box N3. Gryllacris elongata Fritze in Carl, 1908. exigua Carl, 1916: 766 [Racilia]. Eleven 4 and four ® syntypes. A 4 with labels: “Java” [printed on strip of yellow card]; “Racilia exigua Carl” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Type” [printed on pink card]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen has lost the left middle leg and both antennae. A G with labels: “Java” [printed on strip of yellow card]; “Racilia exigua Carl” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red 28 J. HOLLIER paper]. À & with labels: “Java” [printed on strip of yellow card]; “Racilia exigua Carl” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. À 4 with labels: “Java” [printed on strip of yellow card]; “Racilia exigua Carl” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen has lost the left middle leg. À d with labels: “Java” [printed on strip of yellow card]; “Racilia exigua Carl” [hand- written on yellow paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen is rather faded and has lost the left middle leg. À 4 with labels: “Java orient. Montes Tengger, 4000° 1890 H. Fruhstorfer” [printed on blue card]; “Racilia exigua” Carl [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. À & with labels: “Java orient. Montes Tengger, 4000° 1890 H. Fruhstorfer” [printed on blue card]; “Racilia exigua Carl” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen has lost both hind legs and both antennae. A G with labels: “Java orient. Montes Tengger, 4000” 1890 H. Fruhstorfer” [printed on blue card]; “Racilia exigua Carl” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen has lost the right middle leg tarsi and the left antenna. À & with labels: “Java or., Pasoeroean, 622 20°” [printed on yellow paper]; “Racilia exigua Carl” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen lacks the left middle leg. A & with labels: “Java or., Pasoeroean, 622 20” [printed on yellow paper]; “Racilia exigua Carl” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen has lost the left middle leg, both hind legs and the right middle tarsi. A d with labels: “Tengger Geb., Ost-Java” [printed on white paper]; “Racilia exigua Carl” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Racilia exigua Carl” [handwritten on white card with a black margin]; “Cotype” [printed in red on white card with a red margin]; “ex coll. Nadig -exotica” [printed on white paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. À with labels: “Java” [printed on strip of yellow card]; “Racilia exigua Carl” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Type” [printed on pink card]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. À © with labels: “Java” [printed on strip of yellow card]; “Racilia exigua Carl” [handwrit- ten on yellow paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen lacks the tarsi of the right hind leg. A © with labels: “Tengger Geb., Ost-Java” [printed on white paper]; “Racilia exigua Carl” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. À ® with labels: “Tengger Geb., Ost-Java” [printed on white paper]; “Racilia exigua Carl” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen has lost most of both antennae. In addition there are three detatched legs glued to a card on a separate pin. The original description states that there was a twelfth d in the type series, it is not clear where this is deposited. Box Z19. Racilidea exigua (Carl, 1916). femorata Carl, 1914a: 135 [Sphyrometopa]. Holotype © with label: “Holotypus” [printed on red card]. The single specimen standing under this name has lost the original labels, but the correspondence of the measurements makes it certain that this is the holotype. The species name label in the box has “Amérique cent.” written in the bottom left corner (the description states that the specimen was from Costa Rica). The specimen has lost the right middle leg tarsi and the left antenna. Images on OSF. Box F3. Sphyrometopa femorata Carl, 1914. CARL AND FRITZE ORTHOPTERA TYPES 29 foreli Carl, 1921: 305 [Nastonotus]. One & and four ® syntypes. À & with labels: “St Cruz près St Martha, Dr A. Forel” [handwritten on white paper]; “Bilastes spec” [handwritten on green paper]; “ é Type” [printed on pink card]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen 1s set with wings spread; it has lost the tarsi of the right hind leg. The cerci have been detached, and are glued to a card on the pin. À ® with labels: “St Cruz près St Martha” [handwriting of Forel on white paper]; “Nastonotus foreli Carl” [handwritten on white paper]; “Cotype °“ [printed on white card]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen is set with wings spread. À ® with labels: “St Cruz près St Martha, Dr Forel” [handwritten on white card]; “Bilastes spec” [handwritten of green paper]; “Nastonotus foreli Carl” [handwritten on white card]; “Cotype ©” [printed on white card]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen is set with wings folded. A © with labels: “St Cruz près St Martha, Dr Forel” [handwritten on white card]; “Nastonotus foreli Carl” [handwritten on white paper]; “Type 9“ [printed on pink card]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen 1s set with wings roughly folded; the tarsi and part of the tibia of the right middle leg are missing. À ® with labels: “St Cruz près St Martha, Dr Forel” [handwritten on white card]; “Bilastes spec” [handwritten on green paper]; “Nastonotus foreli Carl” [hand written on white card]; “Cotype 9* [printed on white card]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen 1s set with wings folded; the right hind leg is missing. Images on OSF. Box E24. Nastonotus foreli Carl, 1921. forficulata Carl, 1921: 308 [Nicephora]. Holotype 4 with labels: “Ceylan, Dr Bugnion” [handwritten in pencil on white paper]; “Nicephora forficulata Carl, & type” [handwritten on white paper]; “Type” [printed on pink card]; “Holotypus” [printed on red card]. The specimen lacks the right hind leg. Images on OSF. Box CI. Nicephora forficulata Carl, 1921. fraternus Carl, 1916: 514 [Dichroplus]. Four ® syntypes. À ® with labels: “Minas Geraës, Brasil 1897, ex coll. Fruhstorfer” [printed on green paper]; “Dichroplus fraternus Carl type” [handwritten on green paper]; ’Dichropus fraternus Carl. Holotypus” [Carbonell’s handwriting on red card]. This specimen lacks the right antenna. À ® with labels: “Minas Geraës, Brasil 1897, ex coll. Fruhstorfer” [printed on green paper]: “Dichropius fraternus Carl cotype” [handwritten on green paper]; ”’Dichroplus fraternus Carl. Paratypus CSC- 1966” [Carbonell’s handwriting on red card]. Despite being brachypterous, this speci- men is set With the left wings spread. À ® with labels: “Minas Geraës, Brasil 1897, ex coll. Fruhstorfer” [printed on green paper]: “Dichroplus fraternus Carl cotype” [handwritten on green paper]; ”’Dichroplus fraternus Carl. Paratypus CSC-1966” [Carbonell’s handwriting on red card]. The antennae of this specimen are lost. À 9 with labels: “Minas Geraës, Brasil 1897, ex coll. Fruhstorfer” [printed on green paper]: “Dichroplus fraternus Carl cotype” [handwritten on green paper]; “Dichroplus fraternus Carl. Paratypus CSC-1966” [Carbonell’s handwriting on red card]. This 30 J. HOLLIER specimen lacks the left front tarsi and the right front tibia and tarsi as well as the antennae. Images on OSF. Box Z65. Digamacris fraternus (Carl, 1916). fruhstorferi Carl, 1914b: 550 [Holochlora!]. Two & syntypes. A 4 with labels: “Than-Moi, Tonkin, 2-3000°, IV.V, H_ Rolle, Berlin SWH” [printed on white card]; “Holochlora fruhstorferi Carl, 4 type” [hand- written on yellow paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen has the wings folded, and has lost most of both antennae. A & with labels: “Than-Moi, Tonkin, 2-3000”, IV.V, H_ Rolle, Berlin SWH” [printed on white card]; “Holochlora fruhstorferi Carl, & type” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen has the wings folded, and has lost part of the right middle tibia and the entire right hind tibia, as well as most of both antennae. Images on OSF. Box B16. Holochlora fruhstorferi Carl, 1914. fusca Fritze, 1899: 340 [Capnoptera]. Holotype © with labels: “Borneo, C. Pictet” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Capnoptera fusca Fritze type” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Typhoptera unicolor Br.v.W. ©, det. C. de Jong 1938” [determination handwritten on white card with de Jong’s name and date printed]; “Holotypus” [printed on red card]. The specimen 1s set with the left wings spread and right wings folded; the right front leg 1s detached and glued to a card on the pin, most of the left antenna 1s lost. Images on OSF. Box E13. À junior synonym of 7yphoptera unicolor (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1895). gracilis Fritze, 1899: 338 [Gelastorhinus]. One & and one © syntype. À 4 with labels: “Deli, Sumatra, C. Pictet” [printed on yellow paper]; “Gelastorhinus gracilis Fritze (Type!)” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen is set with the right wings spread and left wings folded; the right hind leg is missing. À ® with labels: “Deli, Sumatra, C. Pictet” [printed on yellow paper]; “Gelastorhinus gracilis Fritze (Type!)” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen has lost the right antenna. Box U7. À junior synonym of Gonista bicolor (de Haan, 1842). incongruens Carl, 1916: 465 [Orthacris]. Holotype & with labels: “Orthacris incongruens Carl, 4 type, Indes” [handwrit- ten on yellow paper]; “Holotypus” [printed on red card]. The specimen has lost both antennae and the right front leg; the left front and middle legs lack the tarsi. Box X6. Orthacris incongruens Carl, 1916. insularis Carl, 1908a: 147 [Paralistroscelis]. One & and six ® specimens, one detached 4 abdomen and one detached head and prothorax, all syntypes. A 4 with labels: “Madagasc. Sikora” [printed on pink paper]; “Paralistroscelis insularis Carl det. P. Naskrecki 2002” [handwritten on white paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen is set with wings spread; the CARL AND FRITZE ORTHOPTERA TYPES 31 tarsi of the left front leg are missing, as is the right antenna. A © with labels: “Madagasc. Sikora” [printed on pink paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen is set with wings folded. À ® with labels: “Saussure, Madagasc.” [printed on white paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen is set with wings folded. À $ with labels: “Madagasc. Sikora” [printed on pink paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen is set with wings folded; the claw of the right hind leg is missing. À ® with labels: “H. de Saussure, Madagascar” [printed on white paper]; “bri Loc. [?] 9” [handwritten in pencil on scrap of printed text]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen is set with wings folded. À © with labels: “918 ?” [handwritten on white paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen 1s set with wings folded; the abdomen is lost except for the ovipositor which is glued to a card on the pin. À ® with label: “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen is set with wings folded; the tarsi of the left front leg are lost. Images on OSF. Box F25. A junior synonym of Paralistroscelis listrosceloides (Karny, 1907). invidus Carl, 1916: 507 [Diponthus]. Two d and three © syntypes. A 4 with labels: “Bresil” [printed on a strip of green paper]; “CSC 1144” [handwritten on a strip of white card]; “Diponthus invidus Carl” [handwritten on green paper]; “Diponthus invidus Carl 4 , Hololectotypus [sic] C.S. Carbonell 1966” [Carbonell’s handwriting on red paper]. This specimen is set with the right wings spread and left wings folded; the right hind leg is missing, as are the tarsi of the left front leg and most of the right antenna. À micro-tube containing dissected parts and a strip of card with “1144” written on it is present on the pin. À à with labels: “Bresil” [printed on a strip of green paper]; “CSC 1140” [handwritten on a strip of white card]; “Diponthus invidus Carl” [handwritten on green paper]; “Diponthus invidus Carl 4 , Paratypus, C.S.C. 1966” [Carbonell’s handwriting on red paper]. This specimen is set with wings folded; most of both left wings are lost and the abdomen shows damage by museum beetle. À micro-tube containing dissected parts and a strip of card with “1140” written on it is present on the pin. À ® with labels: “S. Catherina, Theresopolis, Fruhstorfer 1888” [printed on white paper]; “Diponthus invidus Carl” [handwritten on green paper], “Diponthus invidus Carl, Allolectotypus [sic] , C.S. Carbonell 1966” [Carbonell’s handwriting on red paper]. This specimen is set with wings spread. À ® with labels: “S. Catherina, Theresopolis, Fruhstorfer 1888” [printed on white paper]; “Diponthus invidus Carl” [handwritten on green paper]; “Diponthus invidus Carl, Paratypus, C.S.C/ 1966” [Carbonell’s handwriting on red paper]. This specimen is set with wings folded. À ® with labels: “Uruguay” [printed on a strip of green paper]; “Diponthus invidus Carl” [handwritten on green paper]; “Diponthus invidus Carl, Paratypus, C.S.C./ 1966” [Carbonell’s handwriting on red paper]. This specimen is set with the left wings spread and right wings folded; the left front leg and most of the left antenna are missing. Images on OSF. Box Z15. Diponthus invidus Carl, 1916. Jucundus Carl, 1916: 496 [Thisiocentrus]. Two d and six ® syntypes. À 4 with labels: “Cap b. Esp., Peringuey” [printed on pink card]; “Thisiocentrus jucundus Carl” [handwritten on pink paper]; “Syntypus” 32 J. HOLLIER [printed on red paper]. This specimen is set with wings folded; the left front leg is missing, as is the tarsi of the right front leg. A G with label: “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen is set with wings spread; the right hind leg is detached. À % with labels: “Cap b. Esp., Peringuey” [printed on pink card]; “Thisiocentrus jucundus Carl” [handwritten on pink paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen is set with wings spread. À ® with labels: “Cap b. Esp., Peringuey” [printed on pink card]; “Thisiocentrus jucundus Carl” [handwritten on pink paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen is set with wings folded; the left front leg lacks the tarsi. À ® with labels: “Cap b. Esp., Peringuey” [printed on pink card]; “Thisiocentrus jucundus Carl” [handwritten on pink paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen is set with wings folded; most of both antennae is missing. À ® with labels: “Cap b. Esp., Peringuey” [printed on pink card]; “Thisiocentrus jucundus Carl” [handwritten on pink paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen is set with wings folded; the left middle leg tarsi and the left antenna are missing. A ® with labels: “Thisiocentrus jucundus Carl” [handwritten on pink paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen is set with wings folded:; the left front leg 1s missing, as is the claw of the left middle leg. A © with labels: “Cap b. Esp., Peringuey” [printed on pink card]; “Thisiocentrus jucundus Carl” [handwritten on pink paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen 1s set with wings folded. Box Z75. Heteracris jucundus (Carl, 1916). laticollis Carl, 1914a: 173 [Phyramal]. One & and © one syntype. À d with labels: “H. de Saussure, Madagascar” [printed on white paper]; “Phyrama laticollis Carl & type” [handwritten on pink paper]; “Type” [printed on pink card]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This spe- cimen is set with the left wings spread and right wings folded; the right hind leg is mis- sing and the left hind leg lacks the tarsi. A © with labels: ‘“Saussure, Madagasc.” [prin- ted on white paper]; “Phyrama laticollis Carl © type” [handwritten on pink paper]: “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen is set with the right wings spread and left wings folded; most of the right middle leg is lost. Images on OSF. Box E31. Phyrama laticolle Carl, 1914. littoralis aethiopica Carl, 1916: 493 [Thisiocentrus]. One & and one © syntype. À & specimen with labels: “Senegal, A Tournier” [handwritten on pink paper]; “littoralis aethiopicus” [handwritten on strip of white card]; “Heteracris (kein Thisiocentrus) aethiopicus Carl, Ramme det.” [determination handwritten on white card with Ramme’s name printed]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen is set with the left wings spread and right wings folded; all left legs are missing, as are the tarsi from all right legs, and most of both antennae. A © specimen with labels: “Sénegal 8” [printed on strip of white paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen is set with wings spread; the left front tarsi and most of both antennae are lost. Box Z74. A junior synonym of Heteracris littoralis (Rambur, 1838). lombockensis Carl, 1908a:136 [Xestophrys]. Holotype © with labels: “Lombock, Sapit 5000’, Mai-Juni 1896. H. Fruhstorfer” [printed on white card]; “Xestophrys lombockensis Carl” [handwritten on CARL AND FRITZE ORTHOPTERA TYPES 33 yellow paper]; “Holotypus” [printed on red card]. The specimen is set with wings folded:; the left hind leg lacks the tarsi. Images of type specimen on OSF. Box F4. Xestophrÿs javanicus lombockensis Carl, 1908. longipennis Carl, 1916: 470 [Macroguilta]. Holotype © with labels: “Rockhampton, Nov. Holld. Océanie” [handwritten on white paper]; “Macroquilta longipennis Carl type!” [handwritten on lilac paper]; “Bermiella acuta Stal © det. K.H.L. Key, 1958” [determination handwritten on white card with Key’s name and date printed]; “Holotypus” [printed on red card]. The specimen is set with the right wings spread and left wings folded:; the right middle leg, left hind leg tarsi and both antennae are missing. Box Z18. A junior synonym of Bermiella acuta (Stäl, 1878). macrocephalus Carl, 1908a: 132 [Eriolus]. Holotype ? with labels: “Eriolus macrocephalus Carl” [handwritten on green paper]; “Eriolus macrocephalus Carl” [handwritten of white paper]: “Musée de Genève, No.” [printed on white card]; “Holotypus” [printed on red card]. The species name label in the box has “Amérique cent.” written in the bottom left corner (the description states that the specimen was from Costa Rica). The specimen 1s set with wings folded; the right antenna is lost. Images on OSF. Box F2. Erioloides macrocephalus (Carl, 1908). macropterus Carl, 1914a: 163 [Polygamus]. Holotype © with labels: “H. de Saussure, Madagascar” [printed on white paper]; “Polygamus macropterus Carl” [handwritten on pink paper]; “Type” [printed on pink card]; “Holotypus” [printed on red card]. This specimen is set with the right wings Spread and left wings folded; the right front leg is lost. A card on the pin appears to have had an egg glued to it, but this is no longer attached. Images on OSF. Box B21b. Polygamus macropterus Carl, 1914. malayana Fritze in Carl, 1908b: 305 [Gryllacris]. One d and one 9% syntype. À & with labels: “Nord-Borneo, ex coll. Fruhstorfer” [printed on white card]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen is set with the right wings spread and left wings folded; most of both antennae are lost. À © with labels: “Borneo” [printed on a strip of white card]; “Gryllacris spec. nov. (nicht fumigata?)” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen is set with the right wings spread and left wings folded; the tarsi are missing from the right middle leg, and the claws from the left middle and right front legs. Box N3. Gryllacris malayana Fritze in Carl, 1908. marginata Fritze in Carl, 1908b: 299 [Psyra]. A d syntype with labels: “Psyra marginata (Fritze) Carl” [handwritten on white paper]; “Borneo” [printed on white card]; “Type” [printed on pink card]. The specimen 34 J. HOLLIER is set With the right wings spread and left wings folded; it has lost the tarsi of the front legs and the ends of the antennae. According to the original description the type series includes another male in the collection of Brunner von Wattenwyl. This is presumably the specimen in the Vienna Natural History Museum erroneously referred to as the holotype on OSF. Images on OSF. Box B15. Psyrana marginata (Fritze in Carl, 1908). maxima Carl, 1914a: 167 [Trigonocoryphal]. Two 4 and two 9 syntypes. À & with labels: “Madagasc. Sikora” [printed on pink paper]; “Trigonocorypha maxima Carl” [handwritten on pink paper]; “Type” [printed on pink card]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen is set with the left wings spread and right wings folded; the right front leg and most of both antennae are missing. À d with labels: “Madagasc. Sikora” [printed on pink paper]; “Trigonocorypha maxima Carl” [handwritten on pink paper]; “Type” [printed on pink card]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen is set with the left wings spread and right wings folded; the tarsi are missing from the left front and right middle leg, and both antennae are lost. A ® with labels: “Madagasc. Sikora” [printed on pink paper]; “Trigonocorypha maxima Carl” [handwritten on pink paper]; “Type” [printed on pink card]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen is set with the left wings spread and right wings folded; most of the right antenna is missing. A © with labels: “H. de Saussure, Madagascar” [printed on white paper]; “Trigonocorypha maxima Carl” [handwritten on pink paper]; “Type” [printed on pink card]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen is set with the right wings spread and left wings folded; the right hind leg lacks the tarsi. According to the original description Carl had four female syntypes and it 1s not clear where the other two are deposited. Images on OSE. Box B22. Trigonocorypha maxima Carl, 1914. minuta Carl, 1916: 472 [Oxyal]. Lectotype 4 (designated by Hollis 1971: 269) with labels: “Zehntner, Java” [printed on yellow paper]; “Oxya minuta Carl” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Oxya minuta Lectotype d , David Hollis det., 1969” [determination handwritten on white card with Hollis’ name printed]. This specimen lacks the left middle leg. The other d and two ® specimens from the type series mentioned in the original description are present. Box ZI8. Oxya minuta Carl, 1916. mirabilis Carl, 1916: 472 [Tauchira]. Eight & and nine ® syntypes. AII specimens have labels: “S. Celebes, Bua- Kraeng, 5000’ Febr. 1896, H Fruhstorfer” [printed on white card]; “Tauchira mirabilis Carl” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. À & with additional label: “Type” [printed on pink card], À & lacking the left front leg. A d lacking the left antenna. À 4 lacking both antennae. A & lacking the right antenna. A d lacking the right front and left middle legs. A 4 with additional labels: “Tauchira mirabilis” [handwritten on white card with black border]; “Cotype” [printed in red on CARL AND FRITZE ORTHOPTERA TYPES 35 white card with red border]; “ex coll. Nadig - exotica” [printed on white paper]. This specimen has lost the right antenna. An intact 4. À © with additional label: “Type” [printed on pink card]. A © lacking the left hind tarsi. À © lacking all the legs on the left side, and the left antenna. À ® lacking the left hind leg. À © lacking the left antenna. À ® lacking the tarsi of both front legs and the left antenna. À © with the abdomen flattened and the colours faded. A ® with additional labels: “Tauchira mirabilis” [handwritten on white card with black border]; “Cotype” [printed in red on white card with red border]; “ex coll. Nadig - exotica” [printed on white paper].This specimen lacks both antennae. An intact 9. According to the original description the type series included another & and © example, it is not clear where these are depo- sited. Box Z19. Chitaura mirabilis (Carl, 1916). modesta Carl, 1914a: 161 [Mimoscudderia]. Two © syntypes. A ® with labels: “H. de Saussure, Madagascar” [printed on white paper]; “Mimoscudderia modesta Carl” [handwritten on pink paper]; “Type” [printed on pink card]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen 1s set with the right wings spread and left wings folded; both front legs have been lost. A © with labels: “Madagascar, H. de Saussure” [printed on white paper]: “Mimoscudderia modesta Carl” [handwritten on pink paper]; “Type” [printed on pink card]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen has the wings folded and has lost most of both antennae. Images on OSF. Box B21. Mimoscudderia modesta Carl, 1914. multicolor Carl, 1916: 512 [Dellia]. Two © syntypes. À © with labels: “Cuba, Mr H. de S.” [handwritten on white paper]; “Dellia multicolor Carl” [handwritten on green paper]; “Dellia multicolor Carl, Hololectoypus [sic] ? € S Carbonell 1966” [Carbonell’s handwriting on red card]. This specimen has lost the claw from the left middle leg and most of the left antenna. À © with labels: “Cuba, Mr H. de S.” [handwritten on white paper]; ‘“Dellia multicolor Carl” [handwritten on green paper]; “Dellia multicolor Carl, Paratypus C S C 1966” [Carbonell’s handwriting on red card]. Images on OSF. Box Z25. Dellia multicolor Carl, 1916. musicus Carl, 1914b: 554 [Phyllomimus]. Three 4 and two ? syntypes. A & with labels: “Tonkin, Than-Moi, Juni-Juli, H. Fruhstorfer” [printed on white card]; “Phyllomimus musicus Carl 4” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen is set with the left wings Spread and right wings folded; the right hind leg lacks the tarsi and most of the left antenna is missing. À G with labels: “Tonkin, Than-Moi, Juni-Juli, H. Fruhstorfer” [printed on white card]; “Phyllomimus musicus Carl 4” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen has the wings folded and is pinned laterally through the side of the thorax. À 4 with labels: “Tonkin, Than-Moi, Juni-Juli, H. Fruhstorfer” [printed on white card]; “Phyllomimus musicus Carl 4” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen has 36 J. HOLLIER the wings folded and is pinned laterally through the side of the thorax. A $ with la- bels: “Tonkin, Than-Moi, Juni-Juli, H. Fruhstorfer” [printed on white card]; “Phyllomimus musicus Carl ?” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen 1s set with the right wings spread and left wings folded; the left hind leg tarsi and most of the left antenna are missing. À $ with labels: “Tonkin, Cuisinier” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Phyllomimus musicus Carl £” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen is set with the wings slightly apart. Images on OSF. Box E7. Phyllomimus musicus Carl, 1914. nobilis Carl, 1914a: 158 [Xenodoxus|]. One 4 and one % syntype. À 4 with labels: “H. de Saussure, Madagascar” [printed on white paper]; “Xenodoxus nobilis Carl ?” [handwritten on pink paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen 1s set with the wings spread; it has lost the right middle leg. À with labels: “H. de Saussure, Madagascar” [printed on white paper]; “Xenodoxus nobilis Carl £” [handwritten on pink paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. The specimen is set with the right wings spread and left wings folded; it has lost the right middle leg. Images on OSE. Box B18. Xenodoxus nobilis Carl, 1914. notabilis Carl, 1914b: 548 [Parapsyra]. Three ® syntypes. À ® with labels: “Tonkin, Than-Moi, Juni-Juli, H. Fruhstorier” [printed on white card]; “Parapsyra notabilis Carl” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen 1s set with the left wings Spread and right wings folded; the left front leg has lost the tibia and tarsi, the right front leg is missing, as are the ends of the antennae. À $ with labels: “Than-Moi, Tonkin, 2-3000”, IV.V, H Rolle, Berlin SWH°” [printed on white card]; “Parapsyra notabilis Carl” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen has the wings folded against the body, and has lost the ends of the antennae. A ® with labels: “Annam, Phuc-Son, Nov.-Dez., H. Fruhstorfer” [printed on white card]; “Parapsyra notabilis Carl” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen is pinned laterally through the side of the thorax; the wings are folded against the body, and it has lost the ends of both antennae. Images on OSF. Box B14. Parapsyra notabilis Carl, 1914 oryzivorus Carl, 1916: 480 [Hieroglypus]. Lectotype ® (designated by Mason 1973: 534) with labels: “Murshidabad, 4293/8” [locality handwritten on hexagonal label with printed number]; “Hieroglyphus oryzivorus Carl $” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Type” [printed on pink card]; “Hieroglyphus oryzivorus Carl, 1916, Lectotypus, J.B. Mason det., 1969” [deter- mination handwritten on white card with Mason’s name and date printed]. This specimen is set with wings folded; most of the right antenna is lost. Another ® from the type series is present. Box Z19. Hieroglypus oryzivorus Carl, 1916. CARL AND FRITZE ORTHOPTERA TYPES 37 peloti Carl, 1921: 302 [Japygophana]. Holotype & with labels: “Japygophana peloti Carl, 4 type, Gabon” [handwrit- ten on white card]; “Holotypus” [printed on red card]. The specimen is set with the left wings spread and right wings folded; it has lost the tarsi of the front legs and the left middle leg, and part of both antennae. Images on OSF. Box B14. Japygophana peloti Carl, 1921. peruviana Carl, 1921: 306 [Gnathoclita]. Holotype 4 with labels: “Chomhamayo Peru” [handwritten on strip of white card]; “Gnathoclita peruviana Carl” [handwritten on white paper]; “4 Type” [printed on pink card]; “Holotypus” [printed on red card]. The specimen 1s set with the wings folded; it has lost most of the right front leg and the claws from the left front, middle and hind legs. Images on OSF. Box E23. Gnathoclita peruviana Carl, 1921. picta Carl, 1914a: 160 [Mimoscudderia}]. One 4 and one ®$ syntype. À d with labels: “H. de Saussure, Madagascar” [printed on white paper]; “Mimoscudderia picta Carl” [handwritten on pink paper]; “Type” [printed on pink card]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen is set with the left wings spread and right wings folded against the body; the right hind leg is detached and glued to the pink label, and most of the right antenna is missing. À 9 with labels: “Saussure, Madagascar” [printed on white paper]; “Mimoscudderia picta Carl” [handwritten on pink paper]; “Type” [printed on pink card]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen is set with the left wings spread and right wings folded; the right hind leg lacks tibia and tarsi. Images on OSF. Box B21. Mimoscudderia picta Carl, 1914. picta Carl, 1908a: 149 [Yorkiella]. Holotype 4 with labels: “Yorkiella picta Carl, Cap York (Australie)” [hand- written on lilac paper]; “Holotypus” [printed on red card]. The specimen is set with wings folded; it has been repaired at some time using a pin inserted at the rear of the abdomen to hold the latter to the thorax, the right hind leg is lost, the femur of the left hind leg has been glued to the abdomen, the tarsi of the left front leg are missing, as is the right antenna. Images on OSF. Box F25. A junior synonym of Chlorobalius leucoviridis Tepper, 1896. pigra Carl, 1916: 492 [Parallaga]. Holotype & with labels: “Madagascar, Grandid” [printed on white paper]; “Parallaga pigra Carl & type” [handwritten on pink paper]; “Holotypus” [printed on red card]. The right antenna is detached and glued to the pink label. Box Z55. Sauracris pigra (Carl, 1916). polita Carl, 1914a: 156 [Neoscirtella]. Holotype ® with labels: “Madagasc. Sikora” [printed on pink paper]; “Neoscirtella polita Carl, ? type” [handwritten on pink paper]; “Holotypus” [printed 38 J. HOLLIER on red card]. The specimen 1s set with the left wings spread and right wings folded; it has lost the tibia and tarsi of the left middle and right hind legs, and most of the antennae. Images on OSF. Box B9. Neoscirtella polita Carl, 1914. praestans Carl, 1916: 500 [Thisiocentrus]. Lectotype d (designated by Dirsh, 1962: 319) with labels: “Antongil, Madagascar, Brunner det” [details handwritten on white card with Madagascar printed]; “Thisiocentrus praestans Carl” [handwritten on pink paper]; “vermutlich = Thisiocentrus finoti I. Bol. Ramme det.” [determination handwritten on white card with Ramme’s name printed]; “Thisiocentrus praestans Carl. Type! = Heteracris nobilis (Brancs.) V.M. Dirsh. Det. 1958” [determination handwritten on white card with Dirsh’s name and the date printed]; “Type” [printed on card disc with red margin]; “Lectotypus” [printed on red card]. This specimen is set with left wings spread and right wings folded; it has lost the left front leg, both middle legs and the right hind leg, the right front leg tibia and tarsi are missing, as are both antennae. The female specimen from the type series is present. Box Z75. A junior synonym of Heteracris finoti (Bolivar, 1914). profundesulcata Carl, 1916: 464 [Monistria]. Holotype © with labels: “Australie” [handwritten on lilac paper]; “Monistria profundisulca Carl” [handwritten on lilac paper]; “Holotype of Monistria profunde- sulca Carl 1916” [handwritten on white card]; “Holotypus” [printed on red card]. The specimen has lost the right front leg and the tip of the left antenna. Box X7. Greyacris profundesulcata (Carl, 1916). punctipennis Carl, 1914a: 162 [Polygamus]. One 4 and two © syntypes. À 4 with labels: “Polygamus punctipennis Carl” [handwritten on pink paper]; “Type” [printed on pink card]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen is set with the left wings spread and right wings folded; the left front leg lacks the tarsi and the right front leg is missing, as is most of both antennae. À © with labels: “Saussure, Madagasc.” [printed on white paper]; “Polygamus puncti- pennis Carl” [handwritten on pink paper]; “Type” [printed on pink card]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen has the wings folded against the body; the left front leg lacks tibia and tarsi. Five eggs are glued to a card on the pin. À ® with labels: “Saussure, Madagasc.” [printed on white paper]; “Polygamus punctipennis Carl” [handwritten on pink paper]; “Type” [printed on pink card]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen has the wings folded; the right middle leg is missing. According to the original description Carl had four female syntypes and it is not clear where the other two are deposited. Images on OSE. Box B21b. Polygamus punctipennis Carl, 1914. quadrituberculata Fritze in Carl, 1908b: 301 [Mortonia|]. Holotype 4 with labels: “Ceylan” [printed on a strip of white card]; “W. Morton, Ceylan” [name printed, locality handwritten on white card]; “Mortonia CARL AND FRITZE ORTHOPTERA TYPES 39 quadrituberculata (Fritze) Carl” [handwritten on white paper]; “Type” [printed on pink card]; “Holotypus” [printed on red card]. The specimen is set with the right wings spread and left wings folded; the left front leg lacks tibia and tarsi, the right middle and hind legs are missing and the left hind leg lacks the tarsi. Images on OSF. Box DS. Aulocrania qguadrituberculata (Fritze in Carl, 1908). relicta Carl, 1914a:172 [Paraphylloptera]. Holotype © with labels: “Nosi-bé” [handwritten on strip of white card]; “Paraphylloptera relicta Carl, © type” [handwritten on pink paper]; “Holotypus” [printed on red card]. This specimen is set with the right wings spread and left wings folded; the right hind leg is missing, as are the tarsi of the front and middle legs. Images on OSF. Box B33. Paraphylloptera relicta Carl, 1914. samanga Carl, 1916: 474 [Tauchira]. Holotype & with labels: “Samanga, S. Celebes, Nov. 1895, H. Fruhstorfer” [printed on white card]; Tauchira samanga Carl &” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Type” [printed on pink card]; “Holotypus” [printed on red card]. The specimen has lost both front legs, the right middle leg and both antennae. Box Z19. Chitaura samanga (Carl, 1916). saussurei Carl, 1916: 510 [Arnilia]. Lectotype 4 (designated by Roberts, 1978: 61) with labels: “Cayenne” [printed on strip of green paper]; “Arnilia saussurei Carl” [handwritten on green paper]; “Arnilia saussurei Carl, Hololectotypus [sic] 4, C S Carbonell 1966” [Carbonell’s handwriting on red card]. This specimen is set with wings folded. A further seven d and 12 © from the type series are present. Images on OSF. Box Z24. À junior synonym of Stenacris xanthochlora (Marschall, 1836). saussurei Carl, 1914a: 176 [Parasimodera!]. Holotype © with labels: “Antongil, Madagascar, Brunner det” [handwritten on white card]; “Parasimodera saussurei Carl type” [handwritten on pink paper]; “Type” [printed on pink card]; “Holotypus” [printed on red card]. The specimen is set with the left wings spread and right wings folded. Images on OSF. Box E31. Parasimodera saussurei Carl, 1914. sondaica Carl, 1921: 303 [Psyra]. Three & and four ? syntypes. A 4 with labels: “Java” [printed on white card]; “Psyra sondaica Carl” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Type” [printed on pink card]. This specimen is set with wings spread and lacks the ends of both antennae. À d with labels: “Psyra sondaica Carl” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Co- type” [printed on white card]. This specimen is in poor condition, and has been repaired at some time using a pin inserted between head and prothorax and emerging above the genitalia. The right front tibia and tarsi are missing, as are the left front leg and both middle legs, the left hind tarsi and both antennae. À 4 with labels: “Sumatra, 40 J. HOLLIER W. Morton” [printed on white card]; “Psyra sondaica Carl, 4 var.” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Co-type” [printed on white card]. This specimen has the wings folded; the left hind leg is detached. À © with labels: “Java” [printed on yellow paper]; “Psyra sondaica Carl” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Type” [printed on pink card]. This specimen has the wings folded, the left hind tibia 1s broken and the lower half glued to the yellow label. The ends of both antennae are missing. À ® with labels: “Sumatra, W. Morton” {printed on white card]; “Psyra sondaica Carl” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Co-type” [printed on white card]. This specimen has the wings folded and has lost the right front leg and most of both antennae. À ® with labels: “Sumatra, W. Morton” [printed on white card]; “Psyra sondaica Carl” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Co-type” [printed on white card]. This specimen 1s set with the left wings set and the right wings folded; the tip of the left antenna and the whole of the right antenna are lost. À © with labels: “Psyra sondaica Carl” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Co-type” [printed on white card]. This specimen has the wings folded, and has lost the tarsi of the left front leg and most of both antennae. The male from Java is said to be the lectotype on OSF, but this designation has apparently not been published. Images on OSE: Box B15. Psyrana sondaica (Carl, 1921). sordida Fritze in Carl, 1908b: 303 [Gryllacris]. Holotype % with labels: “Borneo” [printed on strip of white card]; “Gryllacris sordida Fritze, type, Borneo coll. Morton” [handwritten on white card]; “Holotypus” [printed on red card]. The specimen 1s set with the right wings spread and left wings folded; the right front leg tarsi and the right antenna are missing. Box N3. Eugryllacris sordida (Fritze in Carl, 1908). spinipes Fritze in Carl, 1908b: 302 [Odontoconus]. Holotype © with labels: “Borneo” [printed on strip of white card]; “Odonto- conus spinipes (Fritze) Carl” [handwritten on white card]; “Type” [printed on pink card]; “Holotypus” [printed on red card]. The species name label in the insect box has “W. Morton” written in the bottom right corner, indicating that he collected the specimen. The specimen 1s set with the right wings spread and left wings folded; the tarsi of the left front leg and both middle legs are missing, as 1s the left antenna. Images on OSF. Box F19. Odontoconus spinipes Fritze in Carl, 1908. sumatrensis Fritze, 1899: 339 [Coptacra]. Two % syntypes. A © with labels: “Deli, Sumatra, C. Pictet” [printed on yellow paper]; “Coptacra sumatrensis Fritze (Type)” [handwritten on yellow paper]: “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen is set with the left wings spread and right wings folded; the right middle leg is missing. A ® with labels: “Deli, Sumatra, C. Pictet” [printed on yellow paper]; “Coptacra sumatrensis Fritze (Type)” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. The specimen is set with the wings folded. Box ZS0. À junior synonym of Apalacris cingulatipes (Bolivar, 1898). CARL AND FRITZE ORTHOPTERA TYPES 41 tonkinensis Carl, 1916: 479 [Hieroglyphus]. Holotype $ with labels: “Tonkin, Than-Moi, Juni-Juli, H. Fruhstorfer” [printed on white card]; “Hieroglyphicus tonkinensis Carl £” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Type” [printed on pink card]; “Hieroglyphus annulicornis (Shir.) J.B. Mason det. 1969” [determination handwritten on white card with Mason’s name and date printed]; “Holotypus” [printed on red card]. The specimen is set with wings folded; most of the right antenna is lost. Box Z19. A junior synonym of Hieroglyphus annulicornis (Shiraki, 1910). tonkinensis Carl, 1914b: 544 [/sopseral]. Two & and one © syntype. À 4 with labels: “Tonkin, Than-Moi, Juni-Juli, H. Fruhstorfer” [printed on white card]; “Isopsera tonkinensis Carl, type!” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen 1s pinned laterally through the side of the thorax, with the wings folded. À 4 with labels: “Tonkin, Than- Moi, Juni-Juli, H. Fruhstorfer” [printed on white card]; “Isopsera tonkinensis Carl, type!” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen is pinned laterally through the side of the thorax, with the wings folded; it has lost both front legs. A with labels: “Tonkin, Than-Moi, Juni-Juli, H. Fruhstorfer” [printed on white card]; “Isopsera tonkinensis Carl, type!” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen is pinned laterally through the side of the thorax, with the wings folded; it has lost the left middle leg. Images on OSF. Box B19. Isopsera tonkinensis Carl, 1914. uncinata Carl, 1908a: 143 [Salomona!]. Holotype & with labels: “Salomona uncinata Carl, Samoa Isl. 4” [handwritten on lilac paper]; “Salomona uncinata Carl Det. C. Willemse 1958” [determination hand- written on white card with Willemse’s name and the date printed]; “Holotypus” [prin- ted on red card]. The specimen is set with the left wings spread and right wings folded; the left front leg 1s lost, as are the tarsi of the right hind leg. Images on OSF. Box F18. Salomona uncinata Carl, 1908. vastator Carl, 1916: 481 [Hieroglyphicus]. Holotype & with labels: “Indes Orient.” [handwritten on a strip of yellow paper]; ‘cette espèce causerait les ravages” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Hiero- glyphus vastator Carl 4” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Hieroglyphus nigrorepletus Bol., J.B. Mason det. 1969” [determination handwritten on white card with Mason'’s name and the date printed]; “Type” [printed on pink card]; “Holotypus” [printed on red card]. The specimen 1s set with wings folded; both middle legs and both antennae are lost. Box Z19. À junior synonym of Hieroglyphus nigrorepletus Bolivar, 1912. venusta Carl, 1914b: 551 [Holochlora|]. Holotype 4 with labels: “Tonkin, Than-Moi, Juni-Juli, H. Fruhstorfer” [printed on white card]; “Holochlora venusta Carl, & type” [handwritten on yellow paper]: 42 J. HOLLIER “Holotypus” [printed on red card]. The specimen is set with the left wings spread and right wings folded:; it has lost the tarsi of both middle legs and most of both antennae. Images on OSF. Box B17. Holochlora venusta Carl, 1914. verrucivorus deliae Fritze, 1918: 11 [Decticus]. The types of this subspecies are presumably still in Hanover. Decticus verrucivorus deliae Fritze, 1918. vespertilio Carl, 1914a: 165 [Cosmozoma]. Holotype & with labels: “Most likely the holotype of Cosmozoma vespertilio Carl, 1914, original labels missing! P. Naskrecki July 2002” [handwritten on white paper]; “Holotypus” [printed on red card]. The specimen is set with the wings spread; it has lost the tibia and tarsi of the right hind leg and the entire left hind leg. Although any labels originally on the pin have been lost, the species name label in the insect box indicates “Madagascar” in Carl’s handwriting, and is uniform with the labels for the other Carl species in this box (these having retained their labels), and there is no doubt that this 1s the type. Images on OSF. Box B21b. Conchotopoda vespertilio (Carl, 1914). vidua Carl, 1916: 475 [Tauchira]. Holotype ? with labels: “S. Celebes, Patuhuang, Jan. 1896, H. Fruhstorfer” [printed on white card]; “Tauchira vidua Carl £” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Type” [printed on pink card]; “Holotypus” [printed on red card]. The left hind leg is missing. Box Z19. Chitava vidua (Carl, 1916). vidua Carl, 1921: 307 [| Yorkiella]. Holotype ® with labels: “Yorkiella vidua Carl, $ type, Cairns, Queensland” [handwritten on white paper]; “Holotypus” [printed on red card]. The specimen is set with the wings folded; the left middle leg and the right middle and hind legs are missing, as are the left hind tarsi. Images on OSF. Box F25. À junior synonym of Chlorobalius leucoviridis Tepper, 1896. vinosa Carl, 1916: 463 [Monistria|. Holotype & with labels: “Kosciusko, N.S.W. 6000 ft, Helms IIT.89” [hand- written on whitish card]; “Mus. Sidney” [printed on strip of white paper]; “Monistria vinosa Carl” [handwritten on lilac paper]; “Holotype of Monistria vinosa Carl 1916” [handwritten on white card]; “Monistria vinosa à , vinosa Carl det. K.H.L. Key, 1958” [handwritten on white card with Key’s name and the date printed]; “Holotypus” [printed on red card]. Box X7. À junior synonym of Monistria concinna (Walker, 1871). virilis Carl, 1914a: 170 [Parapyrrhicia]. Holotype 4 with labels: “Antongil, Madagascar” [first word handwritten, second printed on white card]; “Parapyrrhicia virilis Carl, à type” [handwritten on CARL AND FRITZE ORTHOPTERA TYPES 43 pink paper]; “Holotypus” [printed on red card]. This specimen is set with wings folded; the left front leg is detached, the right middle and hind legs are lost, and most of the right antenna is lost. Images on OSF. Box B31. Parapyrrhicia virilis Carl, 1914. voluptaria Carl, 1914b: 549 [Holochlora]. Two & and one 9% syntype. À & with labels: “Tonkin, Than-Moi, Juni-Juli, H. Fruhstorfer” [printed on white card]; “Holochlora voluptaria Carl, & type” [hand- written on yellow paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. The specimen 1s set with the left wings spread and right wings folded; it has lost the left front leg and most of both antennae. À 4 with labels: “Tonkin, Than-Moi, Juni-Juli, H. Fruhstorfer” [printed on white card]; “Holochlora voluptaria Carl, & type” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen is pinned laterally through the side of the thorax, with the wings folded; it has lost both front legs and most of both antennae. À © with labels: “Than-Moi, Tonkin, 2-3000, IV.V, H.Rolle, Berlin SWH” [printed on white card]; “Holochlora voluptaria Carl, ® type” [handwritten on yellow paper]; “Syntypus” [printed on red paper]. This specimen has the wings folded, and has lost most of both antennae. Images on OSF. Box B17. Sinochlora voluptaria (Carl, 1914). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks are due to Anita Hollier and Peter Schwendinger for comments on the layout and text. Bernd Hauser provided historical information about the collection and Dirk Petzold information about the career of Fritze. David Eades and Holger Braun kindly made data held by OSF available. Special thanks are due to Carlos Carbonell, who made available his notes on the MHNG collection. REFERENCES CARL, J. 1908a. Conocéphalides du Muséum de Genève. Revue suisse de Zoologie 16: 131-150. CARL, J. 1908b. Neue Locustodeen von Ceylon und Borneo. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 11: 299-305. CARL, J. 1914a. Orthoptères de Madagascar (Phanéroptèrides et Pseudophyllides). Revue suisse de Zoologie 22: 147-177. CARL, J. 1914b. Phasgonurides du Tonkin. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 22: 541-555. CARL, J. 1916. Acridiens nouveaux ou peu connus du Muséum de Genève. Revue suisse de Zoologie 24: 461-518. CARL, J. 1921. Phasgonurides nouveaux du Muséum d’histoire naturelle de Genève. Revue suisse de Zoologie 28: 301-309. DIRSH, V. M. 1962. The Acridoidea (Orthoptera) of Madagascar I. Acrididae (except Acridinae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology 12: 275-350. EADES, D. C. & OTTE, D. 2009. Orthoptera Species File Online. Version 20/35. [ Accessed 10.ix.2009]. FRITZE, À. 1899. Orthoptères de l’ Archipel malais. Revue suisse de Zoologie 7: 335-340. FRITZE, A. 1918. Eine neue Varietät von Decticus verrucivorus L. Entomologische Rundschau 3511-12: 44 J. HOLLIER HOLLIS, D. 1971. A preliminary revision of the genus Oxya Audinet-Serville (Orthoptera: Acridoidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology 26: 269-343. JIN, X. B. & KEVAN, D. K. M. 1992. Taxanomic revision and phylogeny of the tribe Phisidini. Theses Zoologicae 18, 1i-vii, 1-360. (Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein.) MASON, J. B. 1973. A revision of the genera Hieroglyphus Krauss, Parahieroglyphus Carl and Hieroglyphodes Uvarov (Orthoptera: Acridoidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology 28: 507-560. OHL, M. & OSwWALD, J. D. 2004. Annotated list of the primary type specimens of Megaloptera and Raphidioptera (Insecta, Neuropterida) in the Museum für Naturkunde der Humbolt- Universität zu Berlin. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift (N.S.) 51: 87-96. ROBERTS, H. R. 1978. A revision of the tribe Leptysmini except the genus Cylindrotettix (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Leptysmini). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 129: 33-69. ROWELL, C. H. F. 1998. A revision of the genus Munatia Stäl, 1875 (Orthoptera, Caelifera, Romaleidae, Romaleinae). Revue suisse de Zoologie 105: 25-48. REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE 117 (1): 45-56; mars 2010 Amphiesmoides ornaticeps (Werner, 1924), an addition to the snake fauna of Vietnam, with a redescription and comments on the genus Amphiesmoides Malnate, 1961 (Squamata: Natricidae) Quang Truong NGUYEN!’, Patrick DAVID?, Thanh Tung TRANŸ, Quang Vinh LUU*, Khac Quyet LE*, Thomas ZIEGLERS* l'Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet St., Hanoi, Vietnam. E-mail: nqt2@ yahoo.com 2 UMS 602 Taxinomie-collection - Reptiles & Amphibiens, Département Evolution et Systématique, CP 30, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. E-mail: pdavid@mnhn.fr 3 Vinh Phuc College of Education, Phuc Yen, Vinh Phuc, Vietnam. E-mail: tranthanhtung_cdspvinhphuc@ yahoo.com.vn 4 Forestry University of Vietnam, Xuan Mai, Hanoi, Vietnam. E-mail: quvinhfuv@yahoo.com.au 5 College of Science, Vietnam National University Hanoï, 334 Neuyen Trai Str., Hanoi, Vietnam. E-mail: quyet2004@ gmail.com 6 AG Zoologischer Garten Kôln, Riehler Str. 173, D-50735 Kôüln, Germany. E-mail: zZiegler@koelnerzoo.de 7 Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, D-53113 Bonn, Germany. *corresponding author Amphiesmoides ornaticeps (Werner, 1924), an addition to the snake fauna of Vietnam, with à redescription and comments on the genus Amphiesmoides Malnate, 1961 (Squamata: Natricidae). - Natricine specimens recently collected in northern Vietnam are referable to Amphiesmoides ornaticeps, a barely known species previously recorded only from southeastern China. Besides the first country record for Vietnam, we provide records of the species from the provinces of Bac Giang, Hoa Binh, and Nghe An. Morphological characters of Vietnamese specimens agree well with those of China. The status of the genus Amphiesmoides is discussed on the basis of morphological analyses. Preliminary results show that Amphiesmoides ornaticeps is morphologically distinct from the genus Amphiesma Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854. Keywords: Indochinese Region - Vietnam - Serpentes - Natricidae - Amphiesmoides - Amphiesma. INTRODUCTION The natricine species Tropidonotus ornaticeps Was described by Werner (1924) on the basis of a female specimen that was collected in May 1903 on Haiïinan Island. Obviously not aware of Werner’s (1924) description, Schmidt (1925) described Nartrix Manuscript accepted 30.11.2009 46 Q. T. NGUYEN ET AL. andrewsi also from Hainan. A decade later, Pope (1935) synonymized both taxa. Mell (1931) and Bourret (1936) listed the species in the genus Macropophis and Malnate (1961) subsequently created the new genus Amphiesmoides based on vertebral, hemipenial and dentitional characters. This position has been accepted by subsequent authors, for example Welch (1988) and Zhao & Adler (1993). Recently, Ziegler & Le (2006) described Amphiesma andreae, a phenetically similar natricine species from central Vietnam, and referred to the need of further taxonomic studies to clarify the generic allocation of some water snake species including representatives of Amphiesma and the monotypic genus Amphiesmoides. Amphiesmoides ornaticeps 1s still a poorly known species, recorded to date on- ly from the provinces of Guangxi, Hainan, Guangdong and Fujian in southeastern China (Zhao & Adler, 1993; Zhao ef al., 1998; Zhao, 2006). Virtually nothing has been published on the biology of this species in China. Herein we report about the first record of Amphiesmoides ornaticeps from Vietnam. Based on these recent findings from three provinces in the north of the coun- try we provide an expanded description of this species. We further discuss some morphological characters considered diagnostic of the genus Amphiesmoides Malnate, 1961. MATERIALS AND METHODS The description 1s based upon external morphological characters regarded as taxonomically significant in the genus Amphiesma as defined by Malnate (1960, 1961, 1962) and used by Ziegler & Le (2006) and David et al. (2007). Maxillary teeth were counted by dissecting the right maxilla of one specimen and, for other specimens, in removing the exterior gum surfaces of the jaw in situ. Dentitional data of other species were obtained in the same way (tooth sockets were included in the counts in cases of tooth loss). Measurements, except body and tail lengths, were taken with a slide- calliper to the nearest 0.1 mm; all measurements on body were measured to the nearest millimetre. The number of ventral scales is counted according to Dowling (1951). The numbers of dorsal scale rows are given at one head length behind head, at midbody (1.e. at the level of the ventral plate corresponding to half of the total ventral number), and at one head length before vent respectively. The terminal scute 1s not included in the number of subcaudals. Values for symmetric head characters are given in left/right order. Abbreviation of measurements and other meristic characters used in the text are: Measures and ratios: HL: head length. — SVL: snout-vent length. — TaL: tail length. — TL: total length. — TaL/TL: ratio tail length/total length. Meristic characters: ATe: anterior temporals. — DSR: formula of dorsal scale roWs.— MSR: number of dorsal scale rows at midbody. — PosOc: postoculars.— PreOc: preoculars. — IL: infralabials. — SC: subcaudals. — SL: supralabials. — SupOc: suprao- culars. —- VEN: ventrals. Museum abbreviations: IEBR -— Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoï, Vietnam. MHNG - Department of Herpetology and Ichthyology, Muséum d’histoire naturelle, Geneva, AMPHIESMOIDES ORNATICEPS FROM VIETNAM 47 Switzerland. MNHN — Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. T.TYT -— Vinh Phuc College of Education, Vinh Phuc, Vietnam. VNUH — Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam. ZFMK — Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany. RESULTS MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION IN AMPHIESMOIDES ORNATICEPS Description: This description is based on Pope (1935), Zhao et al. (1998), and 11 examined specimens. The body is relatively slender, laterally compressed; the head is elongate, distinct from the neck; the snout is long, about 28-30 % of head length, but only 1.1- 1.3 times as long as diameter of the very large eye; eye 3.0-3.4 times longer than the distance eye-lip. The tail 1s long and tapering progressively. The largest total length known 1s 874 mm for a male (SVL 559 mm, TaL 315 mm; T.TYT 687; Fan [1931] had recorded a male 873 mm long). The largest known female is 857 mm long (SVL 572 mm, TaL 285 mm; Zhao ef al., 1998); however, we examined a female, with a truncated tail, with a SVL of 626 mm (T.TYT 695). Ratio TaL/TL: 0.317-0.379, without clear sexual dimorphism. Dentition: Based on 5 examined specimens: maxillary teeth: 38-46 gradually enlarged + 2 slightly enlarged teeth posteriorly, without diastema. DSR: 19-19-17, strongly keeled on DSR 2-10, moderately keeled on 1st DSR. The reductions (DSR 4+5 — 4) appear at VEN 105-116. VEN: 157-168 (plus 1-2 preventrals), all undivided except for ventrals 3-6 being divided in the juvenile specimen from Nghe An; SC: 114-131, all paired; anal shield divided. There seems to be a weak sexual dimorphism in the number of subcaudals: 1 male with a complete tail has 131 SC, whereas 5 females have 116-127 SC. The values given by Fan (1931) for 3 males (116-119) seem to be quite low. Head scalation: Rostral hexagonal, wider than high; nasals subrectangular, longer than high, divided below the nostril, with crescentic, laterally opening nostril in its middle; internasals narrowing anteriorly, wider than long and about 0.5-0.6 times as wide anteriorly than posteriorly; prefrontals subrectangular, broader than long, reaching loreal; frontal hexagonal, 1.4-1.5 times longer than wide, with apex directed posteriorly, 2.5-3.0 times longer than suture between prefrontals; parietals long and wide, in contact for a length about as great as the frontal length; 1/1 loreal, rectangu- lar, nearly as high as long, in broad contact with nasal; 1/1 preocular, much higher than wide; 3 or usually 4 postoculars; 8 or 9 supralabials, SL 1-2 in contact with nasal, SL 2-3 in contact with loreal, SL 4-6 (4-7 in one occurrence) entering orbit, 7-8 largest; 2+2 or 2+3, or (1+1)/1 + 3 temporals; 8 or 9 infralabials, 1$t IL in contact behind the mental, 5 anterior IL in contact with anterior chin shields; posterior chin shields longer than anterior ones. Coloration in preservative: Body and upper tail surfaces are light greyish- brown on their sides, with irregular brown marbling and numerous scales edged with 48 Q. T. NGUYEN ET AL. FIG. 1 Amphiesmoides ornaticeps from Bac Giang Province. Phot. Quang Truong Nguyen. blackish-brown; upper surface of body with a broad, dark grey or dark greyish-brown dorsal stripe on rows 7-11, with large squarrish blotches or irregular darker crossbars. The dorsal series of dark blotches stretches towards the tail. In juvenile specimens, the dark dorsal blotches are conspicuous within the dorsal body band. However, these blotches tend to become indistinct or totally disappear with age. The neck is cream or light grey with one lateral and one dorsal series of large, elongate blackish-brown blotches that tend to fuse especially immediately behind the head; these blotches continues as the dark dorsal band on the body. The tail 1s as the body on its anterior half; the posterior part of the tail is generally greyish-brown with dark marbling. The dorsal stripe becoming narrower and disappears near the tip of the tail; it is more CONSpiCcuOUS in juvenile specimens. The head is uniformly brownish-grey to olive-grey, paler on the side of the snout and on the sides of the neck. À conspicuous white or cream vertical streak before and behind the eye, the posterior one much larger. These streaks are edged with black and widen towards the supralabials. The two supralabials below the eye are blackish- brown, with a crescent-shaped cream blotches at their lower edges. The chin and throat are uniformly cream or beige. Posterior infralabials edged with dark vertical stripes. The venter is cream or beige, light greyish-brown as the body on the tip of ventrals; tips of ventrals with blackish-brown spots, consisting of dark edges and a dark AMPHIESMOIDES ORNATICEPS FROM VIETNAM 49 FiG. 2 Amphiesmoides ornaticeps from Hoa Binh Province. Phot. Quang Vinh Luu. longitudinal stripe or series of dark blotches, especially distinct behind the neck region. Underside of tail in part mottled with tiny dark blotches in its middle. Coloration in life (Figs. 1-3): The coloration and pattern are broadly similar to those of the preserved specimens. The dorsal colour is much more vivid. The head 1s yellowish-orange brown in juveniles and becomes rusty brown with age. The light streaks around the eyes are white to cream in life. The dark neck blotches are red to reddish-brown in juveniles and dark brown in adults. These dark neck blotches are surrounded by white to pale brown scales in juveniles and whitish-brown to greyish- brown scales in adults. Ground colour of body sides 1s olive-brown to red-brown with more or less distinct dark brown marbling. Upper dorsum consists of a dark olive to grey-brown longitudinal band which shows dark brown cross bars in some specimens. Underside and lower body sides are white to cream. Towards the tail the dorsal pattern becomes more indistinct and is olive-brown to red-brown with in part indistinct dark brown marbling or blotches. DISTRIBUTION (Fig. 4) Vietnam: Amphiesmoides ornaticeps is currently known from several localities in the provinces (from North to South) of Bac Giang (Tay Yen Tu Nature Reserve: IEBR 3628; MNHN 20090251; MHNG 2712.98; T.TYT 24, 687, 695, 727; ZFMK 50 Q. T. NGUYEN ET AL. FIG:S Juvenile Amphiesmoides ornaticeps from Nghe An Province. Phot. Khac Quyet Le. 88857, 88858), Hoa Binh (Thuong Tien Nature Reserve: photographic record), and Nghe An (Pu Hoat Nature Reserve: VNUH 5.4.°09-1). People's Republic of China: known from the provinces of Fujian (Nanjing, or Shanchengzhen, Nanjing County), Hainan Island (“Nodoa”, now Dan Xian or Nada, Zhan County; Jianfengling; Dabiancun, Limu Ling Mts., Yinggen County; Linshui, Ledong County), and Guangxi Autonomous Region (“Loshiang”, now Louxiang, Jinxiu County); seemingly not recorded from Guangdong Province. BIOLOGY Specimens from Bac Giang were found both during the day and at night in April and May 2007 and 2008, near small streams in mixed secondary forest of small wooden trees and bamboo, at elevation of ca. 150-250 m a.s.1. (Fig. 5). The specimen from Hoa Binh was collected in the morning of 27 April 2009, in shrub near a track. The habitat consisted of contiguous stream in secondary forest, altitude ca. 280 m. The juvenile from Nghe An was discovered in the morning of 5 April 2009, in evergreen forest, altitude 720 m (Fig. 6). Specimen MNHN 2009.0251 from Bac Giang had a distinctly swollen stomach and gut region and thus was subsequently dissected. It had swallowed a Hylarana cf. macrodactyla of ca. 30 mm SVL and additionally seven smaller ranid froglets with 17-20 mm SVL. AMPHIESMOIDES ORNATICEPS FROM VIETNAM 51 FIG. 4 Known distribution of Amphiesmoides ornaticeps in southeastern China (1. Nanyjing, 2. Luoxiang, 3. North Hainan, Jianfengling, see Chu & Huang 1992, 4. Nada, 5. Limu Ling, 6. Linshui ) and northern Vietnam (7. Yen Tu, 8. Thuong Tien, 9. Pu Hoat). STATUS OF THE GENUS AMPHIESMOIDES MALNATE, 1961 Among the recent authors having discussed the taxonomy of Chinese snakes, Yang & Inger (1986), Zhao & Adler (1993), Zhao ef al. (1998) and Zhao (2006) followed Malnate (1961) and placed the single species ornaticeps in the genus Amphiesmoides (see also an overview in Ziegler & Le, 2006). However, Amphiesmoides seems to be at least closely associated with Amphiesma. Malnate (1961) listed only three differences between Amphiesmoides ornaticeps and taxa of the genus Amphiesma, namely the higher number of maxillary teeth in ornaticeps (more than 40), the larger eye in ornaticeps (about 25 % of the head length versus 15-17 % in “modesta and allied forms”) and the absence of hypapophyses on the posterior vertebrae in ornaticeps (but see discussion in Malnate 1960: 68-69). Two of these characters require some comments. Firstly, the number of teeth in five specimens of Amphiesmoides ornaticeps varies from 38 to 46. Malnate (1961) stated that this high count was “approached by À. deschauenseeï”. However, we counted only 27-30 upper maxillary teeth in five specimens of A. deschauenseei, so a value quite far from the number recorded in À. ornaticeps. Furthermore, the last two upper maxillary teeth are enlarged in À. deschauenseei and other species of Amphiesma, sometimes even distinctly (A. stolatum, A. platyceps, À. clerki, for example), whereas they are barely enlarged in Amphiesmoides ornaticeps. The second character 1s the relative size of the eye. According to our own data, the ratio between the horizontal diameter of the eye and the length of the head varies in six specimens of Amphiesmoides ornaticeps from 0.23 to 0.25 (x = 0.245), a value Q. T. NGUYEN ET AL. CS. ER NN A 1% rx Fics 5-6 (5) Habitat of Amphiesmoides ornaticeps in Bac Giang Province. Phot. Quang Truong Nguyen. (6) Habitat of Amphiesmoides ornaticeps in Nghe An Province. Phot. Khac Quyet Le. AMPHIESMOIDES ORNATICEPS FROM VIETNAM 53 identical with Malnate’s (1961) data on Chinese specimens. According to our data (David, unpublished) based altogether on several dozens of Amphiesma specimens, this ratio varies as follows: 1) group of Amphiesma modestum (A. modestum, À. deschauenseei, À. venningi, À. taronense, and other taxa under investigation), 0.12- 0.16; 2) group of Amphiesma parallelum (A. parallelum, A. bitaeniatum, A. platyceps, and others), 0.16-0.21; and 3) group of À. khasiense (A. khasiense, A. boulengeri, À. sauteri, and so on), 0.15-0.21. So, although we agree with Malnate’s (1961) values, there is not such a wide difference between Amphiesmoides ornaticeps and at least two of the groups of Amphiesma With which we are familiar. Another character was investigated here, namely the position (in number of sub- caudals) to which the number of scale rows on the tail reduces from 8 to 6. Malnate (1960) noticed that this character 1s quite significant in the genus Amphiesma. In the three groups of Amphiesma considered above, the values (sex related) of the point of reduction are as follows: A. modestum-group: males: 14-22, females: 4-18, A. khasiense-group: males: 9-28, females: 5-23, A. parallelum-group: males: 13-28, females: 9-23. In Amphiesmoides ornaticeps, the ranges, based on six specimens, are: males: 31-38, females: 32-40. Besides the number of upper maxillary teeth, this position of the reduction to 6 tail scale rows is a second character differentiating Amphiesmoides from all species of Amphiesma. The tail offers another interesting character. The reduction from 6 to 4 scale rows occurs between the level of subcaudal scales 60 to 70, namely between 51.1 and 57.4 % of the number of subcaudals in the specimens with a complete tail. The posi- tion of this reduction posterior to the midnumber of subcaudals is one of the four dia- gnostic characters used by Malnate & Underwood (1988) to define the genus Tropidonophis Jan, 1863. It was resurrected to accommodate natricine species pre- viously placed in the genera Macropophis or Amphiesma. These authors assigned to this genus natricine species of the Philippines and Australasia which showed at least three of the four following characters: (1) presence of a pit at the outer posterior cor- ner of more than 10 % of the subcaudals; (2) an uniform number of DSR; (3) reduc- tion of the number of caudal scale rows from 6 to 4 posterior to the midnumber of SC and the greatest length of the tail scale rows set 1s that of 6 rows; and (4) a subchoanal process on the palatine bone (see Malnate & Underwood, 1988: 63-66 for the defini- tion of these characters). Amphiesmoides ornaticeps does not share with this definition the following characters (1) the subcaudal pits, which are entirely absent, (2) the DSR formula, with a reduction as 19-19-17 and (3) the length of the tail with 6 scale rows varying between 1.0 and 1.2 times the length of the tail with 4 rows in females, but on- ly 0.6-0.7 in males. Character (4) was not investigated. So, although Amphiesmoides shares with Tropidonophis the large eyes, the high number of maxillary teeth, and the position of reduction to 6 tail scale rows posterior to the midnumber of subcaudals, both genera differ by at least three other characters considered diagnostic of Tropidonophis by Malnate & Underwood (1988). As a consequence, on the basis of these morphological differences, we prelimi- nary retain Amphiesmoides as a distinct, monophyletic genus apart from Amphiesma 54 Q. T. NGUYEN ET AL. and 7ropidonophis. Molecular analyses of these and related natricine genera, which also will deal with this issue are currently under process but not finally resolved, and therefore will be published separately. DISCUSSION MORPHOLOGICAL COMPARISONS WITH CHINESE SPECIMENS According to Pope (1935), Zhao ef al. (1998) and Zhao (2006), main morpho- logical characters of Chinese specimens are as follows: 19-19-17 DSR, strongly kee- led; 157-168 VEN, 116-127 SC, Anal paired; 9 SL; 1 preocular, 4 (rarely 3) postocu- lars, 2+2 or 2+3 temporals, and 9 infralabials. As, furthermore, the pattern of the examined Vietnamese specimens agree very well with the original description of Werner (1924) and descriptions given by the au- thors cited above, we have no hesitation in referring these Vietnamese specimens to Amphiesmoides ornaticeps, a Species previously considered to be endemic to China. The sole difference 1s a slightly wider range of subcaudals recorded in Vietnamese spe- cimens (114-131 vs. 116-127) and the occurrence of only 8 SL on one side of one Vietnamese specimen. MORPHOLOGICAL COMPARISONS WITH OTHER SPECIES Amphiesmoides ornaticeps 1s easily distinguishable from other natricine species recorded from Vietnam by (1) its large eyes, about as wide as the distance between the anterior edge of the eye and the tip of the snout:; (2) its head pattern, in which the eye is edged with two white vertebral bars; (3) its pattern of the neck, with large blackish- brown blotches or ocelli on a light grey background. In Vietnam, Amphiesma atemporale and A. sauteri, beside a totally different pattern, have 17 dorsal scale rows at midbody vs. 19 in Amphiesmoides ornaticeps. Among species with 19 rows, Amphiesma stolatum and À. bitaeniatum have two or more dorsal stripes, a different pattern on the neck, and a much lower number of sub- caudal scales. Amphiesma optatum shows narrow pale crossbars on a deep bluish-black background color. Amphiesma andreae has wide pale crossbands anteriorly. Amphiesma boulengeri has two dorsal stripes on a dark background and elongate, wh1- te or cream blotches on posterior supralabials forming a postocular stripe extending on the neck. Amphiesma leucomystax has a broad, white stripe from the snout tip to the corner of the mouth, extending on the nape and forming a conspicuous chevron on the neck. In Amphiesma popei, supralabials are all white or cream, diffusely edged with black, and with a broad pale blotch on the nape, not touching the latest supralabial; fur- thermore, this species has 130-142 VEN vs. 157-165 VEN in Amphiesmoides ornati- ceps. Lastly, Amphiesma craspedogaster differs by a yellow streak on the nape starting from the latest SL and less than 98 subcaudals, not withstanding a totally different dor- sal pattern. Parahelicops annamensis and Pararhabdophis chapaensis are two natricine species inhabiting northern and central Vietnam. Their status is currently being revised, with the description of a new species. AII members of this group differ from Amphies- moides ornaticeps by (1) a very dark dorsal pattern, with rusty brown or orange blotches; (2) usually a dark venter; (3) much smaller eyes: and (4) dorsolateral nostrils. AMPHIESMOIDES ORNATICEPS FROM VIETNAM 33 TABLE 1. Morphological characters of examined Amphiesmoides ornaticeps from Vietnam Collection number Sex DVE Ta Tak£TE: , VEN SL ei R Tem IL (mm) (mm) T.TYT 687 M 559 315 0.360 161 131 9/9 2+2 / 2+3 8/8 MANG 2712.98 M 517 = Es 163 au 9/9 2+2 / 2+3 8/8 IEBR 3628 M 542 268 0.331 159 ru 9/9 2+3 / 2+3 9/9 MNHN 20090251 M 501 276 0.355 165 129 9/9 2+3 / 2+3 9/9 ZFMK 88857 M 378 196 0.341 165 123 9/9 2+3 / 2+4 9/9 ETET 129 F 34 199 0.345 165 122 9/9 2+3 / 2+3 8/8 T.TYT 695 F 626 = — 164 er 9/9 2+3 / 2+3 9/9 T.TYT 24 F 561 285 0.337 166 119 9/9 2+3 / 2+3 9/9 F ZFMK 88858 416 210 0.335 117 123 9/9 2+3/2+3 9/8 VNUH 5.4.09-1 juv. 269 123 0517 159 114 8/9 2+2/2+2 9/8 As discussed above, Amphiesmoides ornaticeps shares some morphological characters with the genus 7ropidonophis Jan, 1863, such as the high number of maxillary teeth and very large eyes. Members of this genus (see Malnate & Underwood, 1988) have all a constant number of dorsal scale rows, either 17 or 15,at the exception of Tropidonophis negrosensis (Taylor, 1917) from the Philippines. This species has 19-19-17 rows and 1/1 preocular, but differs by a lower number of sub- caudals and a different pattern. The affinities of Amphiesmoides ornaticeps remain to be precisely determined but its morphological characters make this species quite different from all other species of the genus Amphiesma as currently defined. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful to the directorate of the Forest Protection Departments of Bac Giang, Hoa Binh, and Nghe An provinces; Tay Yen Tu Nature Reserve (Bac Giang), Thuong Tien Nature Reserve (Hoa Binh), and Pu Hoat Nature Reserve (Nghe An) for issuing relevant permits. We thank Mr. Duong Xuan Banh, Mr. Hoang Hong Haiï, and Mr. Do Viet Quyen for supporting our field work in Bac Giang Province. For the loan of specimens, we acknowledge Prof. Le Xuan Canh, Prof. Ta Huy Thinh (IEBR, Hanoi), Mr. Vu Ngoc Thanh (VNUH), and Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Bühme (ZFMK, Bonn). We thank Dr. Éleanor Sterling (New York) and Kevin Koy (Berkeley) for providing the map, Xiaohua Tu (Paris) for her assistance with names of Chinese localities, and André Koch (ZFMK, Bonn). LKQ is grateful to Ben Rowson and Luu Tuong Bach (Hanoi) for their support. We thank Frank Tillack (Berlin) and Van Wallach (Harvard, Cambridge) for kindly commenting on a previous version of the manuscript. This research was partially funded by the Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (IEBR), German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), and Conservation International (CI). Our current reptilian diversity research in Yen Tu Nature Reserve is supported as well by WAZA (World Association of Zoos and Aquariums). REFERENCES BOURRET, R. 1936. Les serpents de l’Indochine. II. Catalogue systématique descriptif. 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American Museum Novitates, New York 157 : 1-5. WELCH, K. R.G. 1988. Snakes of the Orient: A checklist. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, 183 pp. WERNER, F. 1924. Neue oder wenig bekannte Schlangen aus dem Naturhistorischen Staats- museum in Wien. Sitzungsberichte Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathe- matisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, Vienna, part 1 133(1-3): 29-56. YANG, D. & INGER, R. F. 1986. Key to the snakes and lizards of China. Smithsonian Herpeto- logical Information Service 71: 1-21. ZHAO, E. 2006. Zhongguo Shelei [Snakes of China], Anhui Science and Technology Publishing House Publishing, Hefei (Anhui Province), Vol. I, 372 pp; Vol. II, 279 pp. (In Chinese). ZHAO, E. & ADLER, K. 1993. Herpetology of China. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Contribution to Herpetology 10, 522 pp. ZHAO, E. M... HUANG, M. H., ZONG, Y., ZHENG, J., HUANG, Z. J., YANG, D. & Li, D. J. (Eds.) 1998. Fauna Sinica. Reptilia Vol. 3. Squamata Serpentes. Science Press, Beijing, xvi + 522 pp... Pls. I-VIIT, Col. PIs. I-IV (In Chinese). ZIEGLER, T. & LE, K. Q. 2006. A new natricine snake of the genus Amphiesma (Squamata: Colubridae: Natricinae) from the central Truong Son, Vietnam. Zootaxa 1225: 39-56. REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE 117 (1): 57-75; mars 2010 Expected species richness in the genus Psechrus in Laos (Araneae: Psechridae) Steffen BAYER* & Peter JÂGER Arachnology, Senckenberg Research Institute, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt/Main, Germany. E-mail: Steffen.Bayer@ senckenberg.de, Peter.Jaeger@senckenberg.de: * corresponding author Expected species richness in the genus Psechrus in Laos (Araneae: Psechridae). - Three new Psechrus species are described from Laos, P. steineri sp. n., P. antraeus Sp. n. and P. ancoralis sp. n. New records for P. luangprabang Jäger, 2007 are listed. Relationships of the three new species to other Psechrus species are discussed. Species with similar copu- latory organs (P. singaporensis Thorell, 1894, P. rani Wang & Yin, 2001) are illustrated for comparison. P. rani is recorded for the first time from Vietnam. Keywords: New species - taxonomy - new record - limestone caves - Vietnam. INTRODUCTION Psechridae Simon, 1890 are araneomorph, entelegyne and cribellate spiders. Two genera are considered belonging to the Psechridae, Psechrus Thorell, 1878 and Fecenia Simon, 1887 (Platnick, 2009). Representatives of both genera have several traits in common, the most important of which are: secondary eyes feature a grate- shaped tapetum (Homann, 1950, 1971); claw tuft and three claws are present on each leg tarsus (Simon, 1892; Levi, 1982); the calamistrum consists of more than two (1e. three to four, exceptionally five) rows of setae (Lehtinen, 1967); the first pair of legs is by far the longest (Simon, 1892); gnathocoxae and chelicerae are relatively long and strong (Thorell, 1878). Psechridae are poorly studied and, from what we know from our current experience With this group as well as from the literature (e.g., Levi, 1982), several species have a questionable taxonomical status. The period between 1920 and 1980 saw very few new descriptions of Psechridae. Later, along with the first world- wide revision of the Psechridae, Levi (1982) described four new species. From his re- descriptions of Psechrus torvus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869), P. singaporensis Thorell, 1894, P. ghecuanus Thorell, 1897, Fecenia ochracea (Doleschall, 1859) and F. macilenta (Simon, 1885), it is likely (or evident meanwhile) that he lumped different species together, as he stated himself in the treatment of P. singaporensis. Eight new Psechrus species from China were described between 1985 and 2003 (Yin et al., 1985; Wang & Yin, 2001; Chen ef al., 2002; Yang et al., 2003) and later two new species Manuscript accepted 02.09.2009 58 S. BAYER & P. JÂGER from Laos (Jäger, 2007). It became obvious that species richness of this genus in South-East Asia was so far misjudged. During the last five years the second author undertook several expeditions to Laos, where he collected more Psechrus material, which could not be assigned to any described species. These spiders were found in caves and also in different habitats outside. With the present paper we give a detailed characterisation of these spiders. MATERIAL AND METHODS Spider material was collected by hand during several expeditions from 2007- 2009 in the following provinces of Laos: Khammouan, Vientiane, Huaphan, Luang Prabang, and Luang Nam Tha. AÏl photography, examinations and drawings were done with a Canon EOS 300D (equipped with a Sigma 105 macrolens and a Canon ringlite for taking pictures of living spiders) attached to a Leica MZ 16 stereomicroscope with a camera lucida attachment. The material was preserved in 70% denatured ethanol. Female copulatory organs were dissected and cleared in 96% DL-lactic acid (C,H,403). As the cuticula surrounding the epigyne is very sensitive to lactic acid, only one or two samples were cleared. AII measurements are in mm. Leg formula (from longest to shortest leg) and leg spination pattern follow those applied for Sparassidae in Jäger (2001). Palp and leg lengths are listed as: total (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus). Terminology of structures belonging to the copulatory organs is based on Wang & Yin (2001) except for a few terms explained in the figures. Concerning the receptacula seminis (sperma- thecae), we are aware that their localisation in Psechridae 1s not fully understood. Therefore it is not clear if the entire area of one vulva half, which we call ‘sperma- theca’, truly represents a functional spermatheca. In our schematic presentation of the course of the internal duct system the spermathecal head is marked with a “T”, the copulatory opening with a circle and the end of the fertilisation duct in direction of the uterus externus With an arrow. When a copulatory opening comprises an elongated slit, the circle is put at the central position of that slit. It should be noted that the course of the internal duct system within the spermathecal bases is often not precisely recognisable, and additionally, that it is variable to a certain degree among the different specimens of the same species examined. As in Jäger (2007: 46ff), slit sense organs and muscle sigilla (if present) close to the epigyne are illustrated as descriptive characters. Arising points of tegular appendages in males are described as clock-positions of the left palp in ventral view. Abbreviations used in the text: ALE - Anterior lateral eye. AME - Anterior median eye. SB - Serial (individual) numbers of Psechridae examined by the first author. PLE - Posterior lateral eye. PME - Posterior median eye. Museum collections (with curators): MHNG - Muséum d'histoire naturelle, Geneva, Switzerland (P. Schwendinger). NMI - Natural History Museum of Ireland, Dublin (M. Nolan, N. T. Monaghan). NNM - Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden, Netherlands (J. Miller). SMF - Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P. Jäger). PSECHRUS IN LAOS 59 TAXONOMY FAMILY PSECHRIDAE SIMON, 1890 Genus Psechrus Thorell, 1878 Psechrus steineri Sp. n. Figs 1-9, 54, 57, 63 TYPE MATERIAL: ® holotype (SB 65), Laos, Khammouan Prov., Ban Nong Ping, Xe Bangfai cave system, Tham Pha Leusi, 17°22"23 4" N, 105°50'284" E, inside cave, H. Steiner leg. 15.11.2007, in SMF. — 1 G paratype (SB 64), same data as for holotype, in SMF. ADDITIONAL MATERIAL: 1 juvenile (SB 66), same data as for holotype, in SMF. ETYMOLOGY: The specific name is a patronym in honour of the collector, the cave scientist Dr Helmut Steiner; noun (name) in genitive case. DiAGNosis: $ ® similar to those of Psechrus khammouan Jäger, 2007 in 1) having a similar, anteriorly diverging median septum, 2) copulatory ducts running transversally, 3) spermathecal heads located medio-anteriorly, and 4) spermathecal bases located posteriorly; distinguishable by 1) median septum of epigyne strongly diverging anteriorly, thus margins in most anterior section running more or less parallel with epigastric furrow (see arrows in Fig. 6), 2) distance between copulatory openings more than twice as long as entire length of median septum, 3) copulatory ducts diverging strongly, 4) spermathecal bases partly divided in two sections (Fig. 7). 4 & also similar to those of P. khammouan in having 1) a similar, bulky tegulum projecting strongly out of cymbial cavity (Figs 1, 3), 2) embolus arising at 12:30 o’clock position on tegulum, but distinguishable by 1) distinctly shorter conductor and embolus (Figs 1-3, tegulum at least three times as long as conductor as well as embolus; in P. khammouan less than two times as long), 2) palpal tibia barely diverging distally (Figs 1-3), 3) conductor exhibiting a median ridge distally (Fig. 4), 4) tegulum more than half as long as cymbium (Fig. 1), in P. khammouan less than half as long. DESCRIPTION MALE (PARATYPE): Body and eye measurements. Prosoma length 8.4, maximal prosoma width 5.8, anterior width of prosoma 3.1, opisthosoma length 9.6, opisthosoma width 3.8. Eyes: AME 0.42, ALE 0.48, PME 0.52, PLE 0.49, AME- AME 0.22, AME-ALE 0.06, PME-PME 0.35, PME-PLE 0.39, AME-PME 0.62, ALE- PLE 0.43, clypeus height at AME 1.04, clypeus height at ALE 0.95. Cheliceral furrow with three promarginal and five retromarginal teeth. Spination. Palp: 131,010, 1100; legs: femur I 666, II 566, III 555(left:656), IV 565; patellae I-IV 000: tibia I 3038(left:3037), II 3038, III 3035, IV 3035; metatarsi I- II 3035, IV 3034. Measurements of palp and legs. Palp 9.8 [3.6, 1.8, 1.6, 2.8], I 65.9 [16.9, 3.9, A I RO 08 6325182571 339 198; 28; 83, 9.1, 3:91, IV 50.6 [13.5, 3.0, 13.0, 14.7, 6.4]. Leg formula: 1423. Palp. In addition to characters of bulb mentioned in diagnosis, tegulum broadest centrally (Fig. 2), slightly broader than cymbium. Conductor arising in a 12 o’clock position on tegulum (Fig. 2). Embolus running ventrad (Fig. 3). Sperm duct in ventral view with a bend medially (Fig. 2). Distal half of palpal cymbium (especially on dorsal side) with dense hairs like in most Psechrus species (Fig. 54). Palpal femur without modifications (Fig. 5). Palpal tibia with two fields of long, strong and densely arranged 60 S. BAYER & P. JÂGER FIGS 1-9 Psechrus steineri sp.n., & paratype (1-5), ? holotype (6-9) from Xe Bangfai cave system, Laos. (1-3) Left palp, prolateral (1), ventral (2), retrolateral (3) view. (4) Conductor and embolus of left palp in detail, ventral view. (5) Right palpal femur, retrolateral view. (6) Epigyne, ventral vieW. (7-9) Vulva, dorsal view, with left half in detail (8) and corresponding schematic course of internal duct system (9). CD = copulatory duct; EF = epigynai field; FD = fertilisation duct; MS = median septum; SG = muscle sigilla; SB = spermathecal base; SH = spermathecal head; SO = slit sense organs. Arrows indicate anterolateral margins of median septum, which run more or less parallel to epigastric furrow. hairs (Fig. 54): a ventral one and a retrolateral one, both clearly separated by an area with only very short hairs. Ventral hair field reaching far down basally, but curved hairs only present in most distal part. Retrolateral hair field situated distally, containing no curved but strong and very densely arranged hairs (Fig. 54). Palpal tibia about 1 4 ti- mes longer than broad, generally rectangular in shape (Fig. 2). Colouration. Prosoma and legs generally light reddish yellow, with two darker reddish brown submarginal bands on prosoma. The latter converging anteriorly and their retrolateral margins more or less equable (the same way as in female, Fig. 57). Legs with darker reddish brown annulate patches. Opisthosoma generally lighter greyish reddish brown, with darker brown patches as well as a light lanceolate area PSECHRUS IN LAOS 61 above heart. Tiny patches scattered over entire opisthosoma and larger chevrons located at median section of opisthosoma. Light median line ventrally on opisthosoma (typical for Psechrus Spp.) continuous. DESCRIPTION FEMALE (HOLOTYPE): Body and eye measurements. Prosoma length 8.2, maximal prosoma width 5.5, anterior width of prosoma 3.4, opisthosoma length 10.2, opisthosoma width 4.6. Eyes: AME 0.47, ALE 0.50, PME 0.52, PLE 0.49, AME- AME 0.18, AME-ALE 0.02, PME-PME 0.29, PME-PLE 0.48, AME-PME 0.65, ALE- PLE 0.50, clypeus height at AME 1.19, clypeus height at ALE 1.04. Cheliceral furrow with three promarginal and four retromarginal teeth. Palpal claw with 13 teeth. Spination. Palp: 141(1:130), 110, 1011, 1013; legs: femora I-II 556, II 555, IV 554; patellae I-IV 000; tibiae I-IT 3038, III 3034, IV 3035; metatarsi I-IV 3035. Measurements of palp and legs. Palp 9.5 [3.3, 1.5, 1.9, 2.8] , I 50.1 [13.9, 3.4, 0 014001012432 108,102;, 447 IT 27.6 [8.3; 2:3, 6.8, 7.1, 3.11, IV 41.1 [11.8, 2.8, 10.6, 10.8, 5.1]. Leg formula: 1423. Copulatory organ. In addition to epigyne and vulva characters mentioned in dia- gnosis, median septum of epigyne featuring strongly sclerotised, eyebrow-like bulges above copulatory openings, and numerous transversal wrinkles (Fig. 6). Slit sense or- gans in two pairs outside epigynal field, one of them far outside (Fig. 6). General sha- pe of epigynal field transversally oval. Spermathecal bases separated from each other by more than their length (Fig. 7). Colouration (Fig. 57): As in male. Psechrus antraeus sp. n. Figs 10-23, 55, 58-60, 63 TYPE MATERIAL: ® holotype (SB 8), Laos, Vientiane Prov., W of Vang Vieng, Tham Khan, 302 m, 18°55'32.0" N, 102°24'57.7"E, in cave, by hand, P. Jäger leg. 15.11.2008, in SMF. — Paratypes (1 4,4 ®): 1 4 (SB7), same data as for holotype, in SMF. — 2 & (SB 43-44), Laos, Vientiane Prov., W of Vang Vieng, Tham Pou Kham, 260 m, 18°55.549' N, 102°24.734'E, inside limestone cave, by hand, P. Jäger leg. 15.111.2008, in MHNG. — 2 9 (SB 73-74), same locality as for SB 43-44, by hand, P. Jäger & F. Steinmetz leg. 13.11.2007, in NNM. ADDITIONAL MATERIAL: 1 juvenile (SB 45), same data as for SB 43, in SMF. COMPARATIVE MATERIAL: Psechrus singaporensis Thorell, 1894, ® holotype (SB 90), Singapore, collected in 1890-1891, Workman Collection [number 1052/ 222], in NMI. ETYMOLOGY: The specific name refers to the ancient greek word ‘“antraios”, which means ‘out of the cave/grotto’; adjective. DIAGNosiIs: ? ? similar to those of Psechrus singaporensis Thorell, 1894 in having a similar vulva with spermathecal bases located postero-laterally, but distin- guishable by 1) lack of epigynal field, 2) roughly square median septum (Fig. 14), i.e. lateral margins running more or less parallel to each other (not converging anteriorly as in P. singaporensis, Fig. 24), 3) median septum with a narrow section (‘“septum bottle neck”) anteriorly next to copulatory openings, 4) distance between copulatory openings at most half as long as entire septum length, 5) copulatory ducts longer than in P. singaporensis and with sharp bend anteriorly (see arrow in Fig. 21), 6) sperma- thecal bases broader than in P. singaporensis, moreover, spermathecal heads almost mediad (Fig. 15). 4 with conductor as well as embolus almost as long as tegulum (Figs 62 S. BAYER & P. JAÂGER FiGs 10-17 Psechrus antraeus sp. n., 4 paratype (10-13), © holotype (14-17) from caves in the Vang Vieng region, Laos. (10-12) Left palp, prolateral (10), ventral (11), retrolateral (12) view. (13) Right palpal femur, retrolateral view. (14) Epigyne, ventral view. (15-17) Vulva, dorsal view, with schematic course of internal duct system (16) and detail of left half (17). CD = copulatory duct:; FD = fertilisation duct; SB = spermathecal base; SH = spermathecal head. PSECHRUS IN LAOS 63 10-12), the latter less than half as long as cymbium. Conductor more or less straight, not folded apically, and parallel to longitudinal axis of cymbium (Fig. 10). DESCRIPTION MALE (paratype SB 7): Body and eye measurements. Prosoma length 5.5, maximal prosoma width 3.9, anterior width of prosoma 2.2, opisthosoma length 5.8, opisthosoma width 2.4. Eyes: AME 0.31, ALE 0.44, PME 0.42, PLE 0.42, AME-AME 0.11, AME-ALE 0.03, PME-PME 0.18, PME-PLE 0.26, AME-PME 0.47, ALE-PLE 0.38, clypeus height at AME 0.68, clypeus height at ALE 0.59. Cheliceral furrow with three promarginal and five retromarginal teeth. Spination. Palp: 131,010, 1101; legs: femora I-IT 566, III-IV 555; patellae I-IV 000; tibia I 3038(r303 10), II 3038, III 3034, IV 3036; metatarsi I 3038, II-III 3035, IV 3037. Measurements of palp and legs. Palp 7.2 [2.5, 1.2, 1.1, 2.4], I 53.8 [14.4, 2.6, Rs 0014121112, 25,109, 11.6, 50114264 [7.7, 20;6.2;7-1, 3.41, IV 42.4 [11.4, 2.1, 10.6, 12.4, 5.9]. Leg formula: 1423. Palp. In addition to characters of palp mentioned in diagnosis, tegulum broadest basally (Fig. 11), as broad as cymbium. Embolus arising in a 1 o’clock position on tegulum, conductor in a 12 o’clock position (Fig. 11). Sperm duct in ventral view without bend (Fig. 11). Distal half of palpal cymbium (especially on dorsal side) with dense hair cover like in most Psechrus species (Fig. 55). Palpal femur without modi- fications (Fig. 13). Dense hair cover on distal and ventral parts of palpal tibia as described for P. steineri Sp. n., but retrolateral hair field (Fig. 55) not as strongly developed. Palpal tibia about 1.6 times longer than broad, diverging distally (Fig. 10). Colouration. General colouration of prosoma light greyish beige-brown, with two darker brown submarginal bands on prosoma, these converging anteriorly and having slightly serrated retrolateral margins (as shown for females, Figs 58, 60). Legs generally coloured like prosoma, but with dark brown (almost black) annulate patches. Opisthosoma like in P. steineri Sp. n. DESCRIPTION FEMALE (n=5, measurements of holotype first, those of other specimens given as ranges in parentheses): Body and eye measurements. Prosoma length 5.7 (5.5-7.3), maximal prosoma width 4.0 (3.9-4.9), anterior width of prosoma 2.5 (2.5-3.1), opisthosoma length 7.6 (7.3-10.1), opisthosoma width 3.6 (3.5-5.2). Eyes: AME 0.37 (0.36-0.44), ALE 0.40 (0.40-0.49), PME 0.45 (0.45-0.47), PLE 0.44 (0.43-0.49), AME-AME 0.12 (0.12-0.17), AME-ALE 0.06 (003-006), PME-PME 0.22 (0.18-0.25), PME-PLE 0.35 (0.24-0.39), AME-PME 0.44 (0.44-0.53), ALE-PLE 0.36 (0.26-0.36), clypeus height at AME 0.75 (0.75-1.23), clypeus height at ALE 0.70 (0.68-1.09). Cheliceral furrow with three promarginal and six retromarginal teeth. Palpal claw with 13 (n=3, incl. holotype) or 14 (n=2) teeth. Spination. Palp: 131(r141), 110, 1101, 1013 (131, 110, 1101, 1013, n=4; 131, 110, 1101, 2013, n=1). Legs: femora I-II 556, III-IV 555 (I-I 556, IHI-IV 555, n=4; I-IT 556, INT 555, IV 545, n=1); patellae I-IV 000 (I-IV 000); tibiae I-IT 3038, INT 3234, IV 3033 (I-II 3038, III-IV 3136, n=3; I-II 3038, III 3134, IV 3033, n=1); metatarsi I-IV 3035 (III 3035, IV 3034, n=3; I-IV 3035, n=2). Measurements of palp and legs. Palp 7.2 (7.0--9.0) [2.6 (2.5-3.1), 1.0 (1.0-1.2), 1.3 (1.3-1.7), 2.3 (2.2-3.0)] , I 37.9 (36.9-46.8) [10.3 (10.1-12.2), 2.4 (2.4-3.0), 10.9 64 S. BAYER & P. JÂGER 18, 20, 22: 0.5 pee, RS FIGs 18-25 Psechrus spp., copulatory organ. (18-23) Psechrus antraeus sp. n., ® paratypes, intraspecific variation of copulatory organ; SB 74 (18-19), SB 43 (20-21), SB 73 (22-23). (24-25) Psechrus singaporensis Thorell, 1894, © holotype. (18, 20, 22, 24) Epigyne, ventral view. (19, 21, 23,25) Vulva, dorsal view. Arrow indicates sharp anterior bend of copulatory duct. (10.7-13.9), 9.9 (9.9-12.2), 4.4 (4.3-5.5)], II 29.9 (28.9-37.2) [8.8 (8.5-10.6), 2.0 (2.0- 2.7), 8.0 (7.7-9.9), 7.6 (7.3-9.6), 3.5 (3.4-4.4)], III 20.8 (20.0-26.1) [6.3 (6.0-7.9), 1.7 (1.6-2.1),5.1 (5.0-6.4), 5.2 (5.0-6.6), 2.5 (2.4-3.1)], IV 30.9 (28.9-38.2) [9.1 (8.5-10.9), 1.9 (1.8-2.5), 7.9 (7.6-10.0), 8.0 (7.6-10.1), 4.0 (3.9-4.7)]. Leg formula: 1423 (n=5). PSECHRUS IN LAOS 65 Copulatory organ. In addition to characters of epigyne and vulva mentioned in diagnosis, muscle sigilla anterior to epigyne mostly elongated (Figs 18, 20, 22). At least four slit sense organs present, varying in shape and position. Spermathecal bases separated by less than their length. Colouration (Figs 58, 60). As in male. Colouration of juvenile very similar (Fig. 59). VARIATION OF COPULATORY ORGANS: ? ® examined differing slightly in shape of median septum: posterior margin more or less recurved (Figs 18,20, 22).2 © with one of the two anterior muscle sigilla rather stout (Figs 14, 18). The curved wrinkles posteriorly and medially of that sigilla (typical for a Psechrus epigyne) sometimes not very well recognisable (Figs 14, 22). Distance between spermathecal bases varying (Fig. 15 cf. Fig. 21). Spermathecal bases of different widths (Fig. 19 cf. Fig. 23). Psechrus ancoralis sp. n. Figs 26-40, 44-53, 56, 61-63 TYPE MATERIAL: © holotype (SB 4), Laos, Luang Nam Tha Prov., Nam Ha Protected Area (3), 746 m, 21°08'17.6" N, 101°21'07.3" E, under bridge, by hand, P. Jäger leg. 6.1I1.2008, in SMF. — Paratypes (2 4,5 ©): 2 ® (SB 3, SB 5), same data as for holotype, in SMF. — 2 % (SB 23, SB 27), Laos, Luang Nam Tha Prov., Nam Ha Protected Area (2), 693 m, 21°06'43.0" N, 101°20'36.1" E, under bridge, by hand, P. Jäger leg. 6.1I1.2008, in MHNG. -— 1 G (SB 26), same data as for SB 23, in SMF. - 1 4 (SB 24), same data as for SB 23, in MHNG. - 1 $ (SB 55), Laos, Luang Nam Tha Prov., Nam Ha Protected Area (6), 589 m, 21°03'32.1" N, 101°2403.0"E, under bridge, by hand, P. Jäger leg. 7.111.2008, in NNM. ADDITIONAL MATERIAL (9 © ): Laos, Luang Nam Tha Prov.: 3 © (SB 33-35), Vieng Pou Kha, Ban Nam Eng, Kao Rao cave, 729 m, 20°43'30.5"N, 101°09'14.9"E, entrance of cave and aphotic zone, by hand, P. Jäger leg. 3.111.2008, in SMF. — 2 © (SB 46-47), Vieng Pou Kha, Tham Pasat Thia, NW entrance, 705 m, 20°46'37.2" N, 101°01'00.2"E, inside cave, by hand, P. Jäger leg. 4.111.2008, in MHNG. -— 1 © (SB 70), Vieng Pou Kha, Tham Pasat Thia (2), 20°4645.2" N, 101°00'49.7" E, in cave, by hand, H. Steiner leg. 9.11.2006, in NNM. Luang Prabang Prov.: 1 ® (SB 75), Tham Seua, 19°26'55.7" N, 102°26 09.4" E, H. Steiner leg. 4.11.2005, in SMF. -— 1 © (SB 838), NE of Luang Prabang, Nam Ou, Nong Khiao, Tham Pathok, 373 m, 20°33.082' N, 102°37.925'E, outside cave, by hand, at night, P. Jäger leg. 29.11.2008, in SMF. Huaphan Prov.: 1 $ (SB 13), Vieng Thong, Tham Mue (F48-135-010), 20°16'54.7" N, 103°22'18.4" E, H. Steiner leg. 15.1.2009, in SMF. COMPARATIVE MATERIAL: Psechrus rani Wang & Yin, 2001, 1 & (SB 122), Vietnam, Lang Son Prov., Hong Phong, Cave Mudi, P. Beron & D. Karucharov leg. 13.11.1986, Deeleman Collection, in NNM. ETYMOLOGY: The specific name refers to the shape of the median septum of the epigyne, which resembles an anchor; the latin word “ancora” means ‘anchor’; adjective. DIAGNOSIS: Epigyne of females with characteristic shape of median septum, somewhat resembling an anchor (Fig. 32). Septum at least twice as broad as long. Vulva with spermathecal bases located anterolaterally and copulatory ducts located posteromedially (Fig. 33). Copulatory openings in posterior portion of copulatory duct (Fig. 36). Males similar to those of Psechrus rani Wang & Yin, 2001 in having a similar bulb with apical portion of conductor folded retrolaterad to ventrad (Figs 26-28 cf. Figs 38-43) and a basally broad tegulum (Figs 27, 39 cf. Fig. 42), but distinguishable by 1) lack of voluminous base of conductor (as shown in Fig. 42 and in Wang & Yin, 2001: fig. 13 for P. rani), 2) subdistal part of conductor (Figs 27, 39) 66 S. BAYER & P. JÂGER NANAN Na ns È d DV y © 37:02 es | FiGs 26-37. Psechrus ancoralis sp. n., 4 paratype SB 24 (26-29), & paratype SB 26 (30-31), ? holotype (32-33), ® paratype SB 55 (37), all from Luang Nam Tha Prov., Laos; © SB 75 (34-36), from Luang Prabang Prov., Laos. (26-28) Right palp, mirrored, prolateral (26), ventral (27), retrolateral (28) view. (29) Conductor and embolus of right palp in detail, mirrored, ventral view. (30) Left palpal femur, retrolateral view. (31) Coxa and trochanter, right leg I, retrolateral- ventral view. (32) Epigyne, ventral view. (33-36) Vulva, dorsal view; left half in detail (34), schematic course of internal duct system (35), left half, prolateral-median view (36). (37) Left palpal claw, prolateral view. CD = copulatory duct; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilisation duct; PT = primary tooth (of palpal claw); SB = spermathecal base; SH = spermathecal head. PSECHRUS IN LAOS 67 FiGs 38-43 Psechrus spp., left 4 palp of P. ancoralis sp. n., paratype SB 26 (38-40) and P. rani Wang & Yin, 2001, from Vietnam (41-43). (38, 41) Prolateral view. (39, 42) Ventral view. (40, 43) Retrolateral view (in Fig. 43 dorsal tibial spine omitted). broader than in P. rani (Fig. 42), 3) embolus shorter (only about half as long as teeulum, Figs 27-28, 39-40) than in P. rani (about as long as tegulum, Figs 42-43; embolus also visible in prolateral view, Fig. 41), 4) sperm duct U-shaped (Figs 28, 39) 68 S. BAYER & P. JÂGER instead of running more or less transversally like in P. rani (Fig. 42), 5) body and 4 copulatory organ (Figs 38-40 cf. Figs 41-43) distinctly smaller. DESCRIPTION MALE (n=2, measurements of paratype SB 26 first, those of para- type SB 24 in parentheses): Body and eye measurements. Prosoma length 5.5 (4.8), maximal prosoma width 3.9 (3.4), anterior width of prosoma 2.3 (1.8), opisthosoma length 6.8 (5.6), opisthosoma width 2.8 (2.5). Eyes: AME 0.32 (0.27), ALE 0.35 (0.32), PME 0.39 (0.35), PLE 0.35 (0.31), AME-AME 0.13 (0.12), AME-ALE 0.04 (0.01), PME-PME 0.16 (0.18), PME-PLE 0.27 (0.24), AME-PME 0.40 (0.38), ALE-PLE 0.30 (0.27), clypeus height at AME 0.76 (0.60), clypeus height at ALE 0.68 (0.52). Cheliceral furrow with three promarginal and six (SB 26) or five (SB 24) retro- marginal teeth. Spination. Palp: 131,010,0110 (131,010fright:110], 0110); legs: femur I 556, HIT 555, IV 554 (III 556); patellae I-IV 000 (I-IIT 000); tibia I 3038, II 3038, ITI-IV 3035 (I-IT 3038, III 3034); metatarsi I-IV 3035 (I-IIT 3035). Coxae and trochanteri of first walking legs with short, pointed macrosetae (Fig. 31). Measurements of palp and less. Palp 6.7 [22,12/122-11(672 22115560; 19);:F423109;25,119, 125,456 #601B5:22/105105 SAP RE 23,8.41;94,421 294[7:7,20,47878:0;. 39), 11228 165187540071 [5.5,1.5,47:5:1,2.81),1V 33.6[(9.2;20,8:8,9.7,39f£Les formula 1423 5B 2% bo legs IV lost). Palp. In addition to characters of the bulb mentioned in diagnosis, tegulum shghtly broader than cymbium (Fig. 27). Embolus arising in a 1 o’clock position on tegulum, conductor in a 12 o’clock position. Sperm duct in ventral view without bend, hence U-shaped (Fig. 27). Distal half of palpal cymbium (particularly dorsally) with dense hair cover like in most Psechrus species. Palpal femur without modifications (Fig. 30). Dense hair cover, as described for P. steineri Sp. n., only visible in distal portion of palpal tibia (Fig. 56); only (distal) ventral hair field strongly developed. Palpal tibia 1.1-1.3 times longer than broad, diverging distally (Figs 26, 28). Colouration. General colouration of prosoma and legs light reddish greyish brown, with two darker brown submarginal bands on prosoma, the latter converging anteriorly and having serrated retrolateral margins (Figs 61-62), and with darker brown (almost black) annulate patches on legs. Opisthosoma colouration like in P. antraeus SP. n. DESCRIPTION FEMALE (n=15, measurements of holotype first, those of other specimens given as ranges in parentheses): Body and eye measurements. Prosoma length 7.7 (4.0-7.8), maximal prosoma width 5.6 (3.3-5.6), anterior width of prosoma 3.2 (2.1-3.2), opisthosoma length 10.2 (6.6-11.8), opisthosoma width 5.2 (3.6-8.0). Eyes: AME 0.41 (0.31-0.41), ALE 0.45 (0.38-0.49), PME 0.53 (0.42-0.55), PLE 0.49 (0.39-0.49), AME-AME 0.19 (0.13-0.22), AME-ALE 0.03 (0.03-0.07), PME-PME 0.26 (0.18-0.28), PME-PLE 0.38 (0.28-0.42), AME-PME 0.56 (0.47-0.63), ALE-PLE 0.46 (0.32-0.46), clypeus height at AME 1.21 (0.72-1.21), clypeus height at ALE 1.04 (0.69-1.11). Cheliceral furrow with three promarginal and five (n=3, incl. holotype) or six (n=12) retromarginal teeth. Palpal claw with 13 (n=1), 14 (n=9), 15 (n=1) or 16 (n=1, PSECHRUS IN LAOS 69 nee | LEA Eee à ÈS Ÿ 45,47, 51753: £ LY : : Fics 44-53 Psechrus ancoralis sp. n., variation of © copulatory organs; SB 88, Luang Prabang Prov. (44-45), paratype SB 3, Luang Nam Tha Prov. (46-47), SB 13, Huaphan Prov. (48-49), SB 34, Luang Nam Tha Prov. (50-51), SB 70, Luang Nam Tha Prov. (52-53). (44, 46, 48, 50, 52) Epigyne, ventral view. (45, 47,49, 51,53) Vulva, dorsal view. 70 S. BAYER & P. JÂGER FIGS 54-56 Psechrus spp., left palp, retrolateral-ventral view. (54) Psechrus steineri Sp. n., & paratype. (55) Psechrus antraeus Sp. n., 4 paratype. (56) Psechrus ancoralis sp. n., & paratype SB 24. holotype) teeth. Like in most Psechrus species (also in P. steineri Sp. n. and P. antraeus Sp. n.), primary tooth distinctly stronger developed than other teeth (Fig. 37). Spination:. Palp: 131, 110: 4101, 101#@531,; 110-101-1015 l0-MEN-PIO 1101, 1012, n=1; 131, 110, 1101, 1014,/n=3)ess: femora EMS56 SES HI-IV 555, n=7; III 556, IV 555, n=5); patellae I-IV 000 (I-IV 000); tibiae I-IT 3038, IT 3034, IV 3036 (I-II 3038, II-IV 3036, n=5; I-IT 3038, II-IV 3034, n=3; I-II 3038, IT 3034, IV 3036, n=7); metatarsi I-III 3035, IV 3034 (I-I 3035, IV 3034, n=7; I-IV 303517) Measurements of palp and legs. Palp 9.0 (6.1-9.3) [3.1 (2.0-3.1), 1.4 (0.9-1.5), 1.6 (1.1-1.6), 29 (2.1-3.1)] , I 40.0 (29.9-44.4) [11.0 (8.0-12.0), 3.1 (2.1-3.2), 11.2 (8.2-12.4), 10.0 (7.8-12.2), 4.7 (3.8-4.7)], II 32.5 (24.0-36.1) [9.5 (6.8-10.2), 2.7 (1.8- 2.9), 8.5 (6.3-9:6), 79 (5992); 3.962249) 123 7069025 ME TS 27 (1.4-2.3),5.8 (4.1-6.2), 5.8 (4.1-6.3), 2.9 (2.3-3.2)],1V 32.8 (24.2-36.9) [9.5 (6.9-10.6), 24 (1.7-2.6), 8.6 (6.0-9.6), 8.1 (6.1-9.6), 4.2 (3.5-4.6)]. Leg formula: 1423 (1423, n=15): Copulatory organ. In addition to characters of epigyne and vulva mentioned in diagnosis, lateral sections of median septum of epigyne with wrinkles (Figs 32, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52). Distance between copulatory openings approximately half as long as width of median septum. Epigynal field broader than long. At least 3 (one specimen with 6, Fig. 50) slit sense organs present, these varying in shape and position, but always situated outside epigynal field. Colouration (Figs 61-62) as described for male. PSECHRUS IN LAOS 71 Fics 57-62 Psechrus spp., habitus, dorsal view. (57) Psechrus steineri sp. n., ? holotype. (58-60) Psechrus antraeus Sp. n.; ® paratype SB 74 (58), juvenile alive (59) and 9 alive (60) in Tham Pou Kham, Vientiane Prov., Laos. (61-62) Psechrus ancoralis sp. n.; £ SB 75 (61), © alive (62) in Tham Nam Lot, Luang Prabang Prov., Laos. Fig. 62: Photo by H. Steiner. 72 S. BAYER & P. JÂGER VARIATION OF COPULATORY ORGANS: The palpal characters of the 4 paratype SB 26 differ only slightly from those of SB 24. In SB 24 the basal part of the tegulum and the distal part of the tibia are slightly broader (Figs 26-28 cf. Figs 38-40). 15 © examined show a relatively large variation. The median septum is relatively short in some individuals (Figs 46, 48). The distance between the copulatory openings is in some specimens shorter (Figs 50, 52) than in others. The curved wrinkles posteriorly and medially of the muscle sigilla are unequally developed (Fig. 32 cf. Fig. 50). The distance between the spermathecal bases varies (Fig. 49 cf. Fig. 51). The copulatory ducts are extending posteriorly to different extents (Fig. 45 cf. Fig. 47). Besides, length and shape of spermathecal heads may differ (Fig. 45 cf. Fig. 49). Psechrus luangprabang Jäger, 2007 Fig. 63 NEW MATERIAL EXAMINED (6 G ,13 9): Laos, Luang Nam Tha Prov.: 2 4 (SB 21-22), Nam Ha Protected Area (2), 693 m, 21°06'43.0" N, 101°20'36.1" E, under bridge, by hand, P. Jäger leg. 6.1I1.2008, SB 21 in SMF, SB 22 in MHNG. - 1 © (SB 6), Nam Ha Protected Area (3), 746 m, 21°08'17.6" N, 101°21'07.3" E, under bridge, by hand, P. Jäger leg. 6.111.2008, in SMF. —3 G (SB 48,53-54),3 © (SB 49,51-52), Nam Ha Protected Area (6), 589 m,21°03'32.]" N, 101°2403.0" E, under bridge, by hand, P. Jäger leg. 7.111.2008, in SMF. — Luang Prabang Prov.: 2 ? (SB 41-42), SE Luang Prabang, Nam Khan, Xieng Ngeun Distr., Ban Keng Koung, 372 m, 19°40'963" N, 102°18 442" E, vegetation along stream, by hand, at night, P. Jäger leg. 23.11.2008, in SMF. — 1 © (SB 61), SE Luang Prabang, Nam Khan, Ban Pak Bak, Huoay Kho, 328 m, 19°44'09.1" N, 102°1637.5"E, vegetation along stream, by hand, at night, P. Jäger leg. 23.111.2007, in SMF. — 1 G (SB 67),2 © (SB 68-69), SE Luang Prabang, Nam Khan, Ban Nong Di, 281 m, 19°41'03.5" N, 102°21'31.2"E, vegetation along stream, by hand, at night, P. Jäger leg. 21.111.2007, in SMF. — Vientiane Prov.: 1 © (SB 20), N of Vang Vieng, Ban Phoxay, 260 m, 19°00'59.4" N, 102°26'48.0" E, water duct under street, by hand, P. Jäger leg. 14.11.2008, in SMF. -—3 © (SB 76,91-92),N of Vang Vieng, Ban Phoxay, 250 m, 19°00'59.4" N, 102°26'48.0" E, valley east of road, vegetation along stream, by hand, P. Jäger, M. Sandner & F. Steinmetz leg. 14.11.2007, SB 92 in MHNG, others in SMF. DISCUSSION Psechrus species are difficult to catch because the spiders are extremely fast in escaping when somebody approaches the web (Murphy & Murphy, 2000). Because of that, it requires some patience or skill to catch them, especially when the retreat is located in a rock crevice. The present paper provides evidence that the Laotian Psechrus fauna 1s diverse. Extrapolating from species-richness conditions in Laos it is likely that the diversity in other SE-Asian countries 1s also higher than currently known. Our study (among others, see introduction) gives an impression of what 1s to be expected in the future concerning Psechrus diversity in SE-Asia, 1f further intensive collecting will be carried out. Relationships of the species described herein are not easy to establish. The males of all species described herein lack modifications of the palpal femora, and their bulbs are rather ordinarily build. Psechrus steineri Sp. n. is most likely closely related to P. khammouan Jäger, 2007, because the main somatical characters are similar (e.g., absence of modifications on palpal femur of males, absence of short and pointed macrosetae on coxae I of males, colour pattern, such as shape of dorsal median bands of prosoma, as shown in Jäger [2007: fig. 66] and Fig. 57). Also characters of the copulatory organs are similar, like general shape of tegulum in males and position of spermathecae and copulatory ducts, and similar median septum in females. PSECHRUS IN LAOS 73 cu [4 a HP-Prov. &*, FIG. 63 Localities of Psechrus species in the northern part of Laos. Triangle - P. ancoralis Sp. n.; square - P. luangprabang Jäger, 2007; x - P. antraeus Sp. n.; circle - P. khammouan Jäger, 2007; diamond - P. steineri Sp. n. Provinces are abbreviated as follows: HP - Huaphan; LNT - Luang Nam Tha; LPB - Luang Prabang: KM - Khammouan:; VT - Vientiane. In the description of P. ancoralis Sp. n. we mentioned that its male palp is similar to that of P. rani. In comparison with the drawings in Wang & Yin (2001: figs 13-14), there are subtle differences. Enigmatic 1s their fig. 14, giving a retrolateral view of the male palp, which does not correspond to their fig. 13 (ventral view), because the conductor 1s uniformly shaped in the former figure (division in two parts, voluminous base and slim part distally not apparent). Their fig. 14 strongly resembles our 1llus- trations of the retrolateral aspect of the male palp of P. ancoralis sp. n. (Figs 28, 40). Given, that the locality of the female paratype of P. rani, which shows less similarities to the females of P. ancoralis sp. n., and the locality of the male holotype of P. rani are not exactly the same, it is possible that these two specimens are not conspecific. We had no possibility to examine the male holotype of P. rani, so we rely on the drawing of the ventral view of the male palp of P. rani given in Wang & Yin (2001: fig. 13). We assume that fig. 14 in Wang & Yin (2001) does not show all details of the conductor, because it was not well visible (not fully silhouetted) against the beige-white sand in the background, which is often used by taxonomists when making drawings. Concerning the females, Psechrus antraeus sp. n. may be closely related to P. singaporensis, because their copulatory organs are similar (Figs 18-19, cf. Figs 24-25). However, the male palp of P. singaporensis (see fig. 40 in Levi, 1982) is not very 74 S. BAYER & P. JÂGER similar to that of P. antraeus Sp. n. Moreover, a modification of the male palp, as in P. singaporensis, is not present in P. antraeus Sp. n. At present the taxonomic status of many Psechrus species is doubtful. One of the reasons is that some species described at the end of the 19 century or in the first half of the 20fh century are based on juvenile (penultimate instar) types, e.g., Psechrus ghecuanus (Thorell, 1897) or P. mimus (Chamberlin, 1924). Those authors (Thorell, 1897; Chamberlin, 1924) did not recognize the type specimens as immatures. In other cases the types are in poor condition or important body parts are missing. Moreover, some (nominal) species were synonymised by Lehtinen (1967) or Levi (1982) without good reasons. Hence, a comprehensive revision of the genus Psechrus by means of morphological as well as molecular characterisation 1s necessary to clarify taxonomical status and relationships of each species. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research received support from the SYNTHESYS project “Worldwide Revision of the Spider Family Psechridae (Arachnida: Araneae) with an Emphasis on SE-Asian Representatives”, granted to S. Bayer by the European Community Research Infrastructure Action under the FP6 "Structuring the European Research Area" Programme. We are grateful to Christine Rollard (Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris), Janet Beccaloni (Natural History Museum, London), Christoph Hürweg and Jürgen Gruber (Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna), Jeremy Miller (Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden), and Myles Nolan and Nigel T. Monaghan (National Museum of Ireland, Dublin) for the loan of (type) specimens of species important for this study. Many thanks to Helmut Steiner (Hanau), who provided precious spider material from various caves (some very difficult to access) in Laos as well as photos of living Psechrus specimens. Also many thanks to Christa Deeleman (Ossendrecht), who kindly provided Psechridae material from her collection. Peter Schwendinger (Geneva) and Xinping Wang (Grainesville) gave fruitful comments on this manuscript. REFERENCES CHAMBERLIN, R. V. 1924. Descriptions of new American and Chinese spiders, with notes on other Chinese species. Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum 63(13): 1-38. CHEN, H.-M., ZHANG, J.-X., SONG, D.-X. & KIM, J.-P. 2002. A new species of the genus Psechrus from China (Araneae: Psechridae). Korean Arachnology 18(1): 9-12. HOMANN, H. 1950. Die Nebenaugen der Araneen. Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Anatomie und Ontogenie der Tiere 72: 289-364. HOMANN, H. 1971. Die Augen der Araneae. Zeitschrift für Morphologie der Tiere 69: 201-272. JAGER, P. 2001. Diversität der Riesenkrabbenspinnen im Himalaya — die Radiation zweier Gattungen in den Schneetropen (Araneae: Sparassidae: Heteropodinae). Courier Forschungs-Institut Senckenberg, Frankfurt 232: 1-136. JAGER, P. 2007. Spiders from Laos with descriptions of new species (Arachnida: Araneae). Acta Arachnologica 56(1): 29-58. LEHTINEN, P. T. 1967. Classification of the cribellate spiders and some allied families, with notes on the evolution of the suborder Araneomorpha. Annales Zoologici Fennici 4: 199-468. LEVI, H. W. 1982. The spider genera Psechrus and Fecenia (Araneae: Psechridae). Pacific Insects 24(2): 114-138. PSECHRUS IN LAOS 13 MURPHY, F. & MURPHY, J. 2000. An introduction to the spiders of South East Asia with notes on all the genera. Malaysian Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 625 pp. PLATNICK, N. I. 2009. The world spider catalog, version 10.0. American Museum of Natural History. Available from: http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/ (accessed: 23 July 2009). SIMON, E. 1892. Histoire naturelle des araignées, 1. Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris, 256 pp. THORELL, T. 1878. Studi sui ragni malesi e Papuani. II. Ragni di Amboina raccolti dal Prof. O. Beccari. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 13: 1-317. THORELL, T. 1897. Viaggio di Leonardo Fea in Birmania e regioni vicine (LXXIIT). Secondo sag- g10 sui Ragni birmani. I. Parallelodontes. Tubitelariae. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova (2) 17[-37]: 161-267. WANG, X. P. & YIN, C. M. 2001. A review of the Chinese Psechridae (Araneae). Journal of Arachnology 29: 330-344. YANG, Z.-Z., ZHANG, J.-X., ZHU, M.-S. & SONG, D.-X. 2003. A new species in the genus Psechrus from China (Araneae: Psechridae). Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei 26(2): 43-45. YIN, C.-M., WANG, J.-F. & ZHANG, Y.-J. 1985. Study on the spider genera {[sic!] Psechrus from China. Journal of Hunan Teachers College (Natural Science Edition) 1985(1): 19-27. FAN . DHL L e Fo ja EU LUN CT i RETALI nr (| | r-tatrobeté épée) M dx c-Hét Li ttrptates send) eee UT. n à ‘1 ur: LU, i , À Fr 1 | D CURE QAR LL L 1 17 ANR DIET ITA np UNE n Farine dit} di Sn fr9 va res war NN HOME m1 Or 00 in 1-5 M É HA “T ) | tkt) NM Watt d'if srotztaff: sien em nn ù F4 ! PI HD» ! : dar. s ni 1 L'AR} LKR ! els | (a LT ae + PR à PTE PAZ PE AT PAR ' 5 : bec | 4 üi Les NL" ring itcé Four ri , Ch lie" Hi (tar: IMüeiien Cénéns Mictief Neon HO NU | hhéuri.chen NI eut). WE PAT Lautpnil ft M yes IN Casbslie:t to the Hit TÉAETE ni we fur ARS { TE ve CAT » éee nf on © » < Cor FAR "14 : ® à ce, 108 À : Are PET # et TU “el * LL Le | ces ‘ANR per q Bic troci +, Sonde da *t | pos wifi chemins OL æ LL se À HOUSE fie 27 > 1 mit VE LE re, " EE A AN Gsstieé li EN is Lets 2 Le do be MB Mai cf | te submér CS LL _ ea Me +” ve LR SR are : APS seu PE : | $ PES . SE AP ge AE x, è L Le A À ‘ « h L LL Pal , : É AN RC PCSRE" > 2 * à, , re AQU : ET ne se JA N 7 (| Le REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE 117 (1): 77-82; mars 2010 A new Gordionus MÜLLER, 1927 from Switzerland (Nematomorpha, Gordiida) Andreas SCHMIDT-RHAESA! and Valeria Viktoria GUSICH? l’Zoological Museum and Biocenter Grindel, University Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany. E-mail: andreas .schmidt-rhaesa@uni-hamburg.de 2 Institute of Biogeography (NLU), University of Basel, St. Johanns-Vorstadt 10, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. E-mail: valeria.gusich@unibas.ch A new Gordionus MÜLLER, 1927 from Switzerland (Nematomorpha, Gordiida). - To date only three species of freshwater Nematomorpha (Gordiida) are known from Switzerland. We report here the finding of two further species, the common species Gordionus violaceus (BAIRD, 1853) and a new species, G. bageli Sp. n., in Switzerland. A diagnostic character for this species 1s the ring-shaped form of the adhesive warts, structures that are found on the ventral side of males, anterior to the cloacal opening. Keywords: Nematomorpha - Gordiida - new species - Switzerland - Gordionus. INTRODUCTION About one hundred species of freshwater horsehair worms (Nematomorpha, Gordiida) are known from Europe (Schmidt-Rhaesa, 1997). Diversity and faunistics of horsehair worms in Central Europe are comparatively well known from Germany, Austria, France and Italy (Schmidt-Rhaesa 1997, 2009), but very few records refer to Switzerland. Only three species have been reported: Gordius villoti ROSA, 1882 (“Jura”, Camerano 1888), Gordionus alpestris VILLOT, 1885 (‘“Jura”, Camerano 1888) and Paragordius tricuspidatus (DUFOUR, 1828) (Frauenfeld, Kanton Thurgau, Heinze, 1937). We report here records of Gordionus violaceus and of one new species, Gordionus bageli sp. n. MATERIAL AND METHODS Physical characteristics like water temperature (WTW, pH 330), oxygen (WTW, Oxi 340), conductivity (WTW, LE 330), pH-value (WTW, pH 330), water depth (folding rule) and flow rate (MiniAir, Schildknecht) were registered during each sampling (Table 1). The oxygen concentration seems to be very high for sources. This can be explained on one hand by the strong presence of green algae and on the other hand by the fact that measurements have been made in the afternoon only. Manuscript accepted 12.11.2009 78 A. SCHMIDT-RHAESA & V. GUSICH TABLE 1: Measurement of water in artificially constructed springs in the forested Rôserental, near the city of Liestal, Switzerland. Species Gordionus bageli sp. n. Gordionus violaceus (BAIRD, 1853) Sampling date 14 July 2008 1 Dec. 2008 16 May 2008 20 June 2008 27 Oct. 2008 Water temperature [°C] 11.4 10.7 7 L2;1 10.2 Oxygen [%] 89 105 87 109 100 Conductivity [HS/cm] 526 591 596 482 494 pH-value T4 ga fai TS, 7 4 Water depth [cm] 4 4 4.1 4.9 j:1 0.9 Flow rate [m/s] 0319 0.15 001 0.58 0.01 The reported specimens were fixed in ethanol (70%). Pieces of the cuticle and/or the posterior end were prepared for Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Pieces were dehydrated in an ethanol series of increasing concentration, critical-point dried and coated with gold in à sputter coater. Observation took place using a LEO SEM 1524 at 10 kV. Digital images were taken. Collecting circumstances: The species here described and discussed have been collected during fieldwork as part of the Ph.D. thesis of the second author. Collections were made in springs of the Rôserental, a valley situated near the city of Liestal (Kanton Basel-Land). Geologically, the area forms part of the Jura Plateau which is here expressed as Table Jura. The springs are located in a Thuja plantation surrounded by managed forest of mainly native trees at an elevation of 380 m. The forest soil 1s waterlogged by groundwater and shows tracks of wildlife (wild boar, roe deer) and anthropogenic activities (trampling, forestry work). The main aim of the field work was to study the colonisation of artificially constructed freshwater springs by macro- invertebrates (Gusich ef al., in preparation). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Gordionus bageli sp. n. Figs 1-2 HOLOTYPE: One male from the forested Rôserental near Liestal (Swiss National Coordinates Lat/Long: CH1903; 619.150/260.325) in the Table Jura. Found in artificial springs constructed near natural springs in a Thuja plantation, surrounded by a managed forest of native deciduous trees, 14 July, 2008, leg. V. Gusich. Deposited in the Zoological Museum Hamburg, Germany, accession number ZMH V13278. PARATYPE: One male, same locality and same sampling details as the holotype, 1 Dec. 2008, leg. V. Gusich. Deposited in the Museum of Natural History in Basel, Switzerland, accession number NMB 2. DIAGNOSIS: G. bageli Sp. n. differs from all other congeneric species by the ring- like shape of the anterior warts on the ventrum in males. DESCRIPTION: Both males are moderately long and very thin, measuring 110 and 220 mm in length, 0.3 and 0.35 mm in diameter, respectively. The worms are entirely white in colour, a black collar at the anterior end or darker stained ventral and/or dorsal lines are not present. The posterior end contains structures typical for males of the genus Gordionus. The ventral cloacal opening is slightly oval, it is surrounded by short spines which seem to be lacking on the posterior side of the opening (Fig. 1D-E). Anterolateral of NEW GORDIONUS FROM SWITZERLAND 79 FIG. 1 Gordionus bageli sp. n. (A) Ventral view of posterior end of holotype specimen. Circle: position of cloacal opening. Ovals: precloacal row of bristles and postcloacal spines. Arrow: position of adhesive warts anterior of the region shown in the figure. (B-C) Apically branched bristles from the precloacal rows from holotype (B) and paratype (C) specimens. (D) Posterior end of paratype specimen. (E) Magnification of cloacal opening with circumcloacal spines. the cloacal opening are paired rows of bristles (Fig. 1 A-D). These bristles are longest in the center of the row and decrease in size towards both ends. Most bristles are strongly branched apically (Fig. 1B-C). Posterior of the cloacal opening are conical spines, these extend onto the inner side of the tail lobes for about 2/3 of their length (Fig. 1A-D). In the ventral region anterior of the rows of bristles, distinctive adhesive warts are present. They roughly form a ring (resembling a bagel) (Fig. 2A-B). The cuticle contains polygonal areoles that are separated by narrow interareolar grooves (Fig. 2C-D). There are no structures in the interareolar grooves, the material pictured (e.g. Fig. 2C) is contaminated. Quite rarely, the megareolar pattern is found (Fig. 2D). This pattern describes the position of a short tubercle in the centre of the broad side of two neighbouring areoles (Schmidt-Rhaesa, 2002). ETYMOLOGY: The name derives from the circular structure of the adhesive warts, looking like a bagel. 80 A. SCHMIDT-RHAESA & V. GUSICH 4 LC +2 e u jé p A \ V7 D des nee, Dry es c CRETE, “e. PER #4 À Ps Fr < PACA se … & Ce 2 : ( Le f L ” FIG. 2 Gordionus bageli sp. n.(A-B) Adhesive warts (arrows) on the ventral cuticle of holotype (A) and paratype (B) specimens. (C-D) Areoles on the cuticle at midbody region. Oval (in D): arrangement of areoles in a megareolar pattern. DISCUSSION: Anterior warts were first termed “Greifwarzen” by Müller (1926). He also found these structures on the ventral cuticular surface of the posterior end and assumed an adhesive function during copulation. There are no published observations from copulating Gordionus species, leaving open the question whether these structures are really involved in copulation. Adhesive warts can have different shapes. Those ones that have been studied by SEM are elongate, parallel to the longitudinal axis of the worm and have a keel (de Villalobos et al., 2001 and Schmidt-Rhaesa, 2001, 2002 for G.. violaceus (Baird, 1853); Schmidt-Rhaesa et al., 2003 for G. lineatus (Leidy, 1851) and G. sinepilosus Schmidt-Rhaesa, Hanelt & Reeves, 2003; Schmidt-Rhaesa & Cieslak, 2008 for G. barbatus Schmidt-Rhaesa & Cieslak, 2008), others may be more conical (Schuurmans Steckhoven, 1943 for G. alpestris) or angled (Müller, 1926, for G. lunatus MÜLLER, 1927), but ring-shaped adhesive warts have not been reported and are therefore diagnostic for G. bageli sp. n. NEW GORDIONUS FROM SWITZERLAND 81 The white colour of both male individuals can be interpreted in different ways. During their parasitic phase the worms are white, the cuticle usually turns brown briefly before emergence of the host, probably by some tanning processes in the adult cuticle that has replaced the thin larval cuticle (Schmidt-Rhaesa, 2005). Therefore it can be assumed that white or light specimens collected in the field represent young specimens in which the cuticle 1s not finally developed. However, there appear also to be species in which the cuticle remains very light in colour throughout life, such as G. lineatus (Schmidt-Rhaesa et al., 2003). Müller (1926) suspected adhesive warts to be diagnostic for the genus Gordionus, but they have not been described from a number of species. This may be due to overlooking these structures, but in some cases they appear to be truly absent. Additionally, adhesive warts have been found in one species from a different genus, Beatogordius abbreviatus (Villot, 1874) (Schmidt-Rhaesa & Bryant, 2004), making their evaluation as diagnostic for Gordionus questionable. Gordionus violaceus (BAIRD, 1853) NEW DISTRIBUTION RECORD: Three males were found in Rôserental near Liestal. Site and sampling details as for G. bageli sp. n. (see above). Sampling dates: 16 May, 20 June and 27 October 2008, leg. V. Gusich. REMARKS: Gordionus violaceus is a species widespread in Europe (Schmidt- Rhaesa, 1997) and also present in North America (Schmidt-Rhaesa ef al., 2003). It is likely that this species 1s highly polymorphic, ranging from specimens showing areoles completely isolated from each other to different grades of fusion of areoles (Schmidt- Rhaesa, 2001), a pattern that was regarded as typical for a separate species, G. wolter- storffii (CAMERANO, 1888). The newly reported specimens from Switzerland reflect this diversity in cuticular structure showing either isolated areoles or fused areoles. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank the municipal authorities of Liestal and Frenkendorf for permission to conduct our studies in the area, and Professor Peter Nagel, NLU -— Basel, for his support during the research of the junior author. REFERENCES CAMERANO, L. 1888. Richerche sopra i gordii d’'Europa e descrizione di due nuove specie. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Università di Torino 3, No. 42: 1-10. HEINZE, K.. 1937. Die Saitenwürmer (Gordioidea) Deutschlands. Eine systematisch-faunistische Studie über Insektenparasiten aus der Gruppe der Nematomorpha. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde 9: 263-344. MÜLLER, G. W. 1926. Über Gordiaceen. Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Ükologie der Tiere 7: 134-220. SCHMIDT-RHAESA, A. 1997. Nematomorpha. /n: SCHWOERBEL, J. & ZWICK, P. (eds.). SüBwasserfauna von Mitteleuropa, Vol. 4/4. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 124 pp. SCHMIDT-RHAESA, A. 2001. Variation of cuticular characters in the Nematomorpha: studies on Gordionus violaceus (BAIRD, 1853) and G. wolterstorffii (CAMERANO, 1888) from Britain and Ireland. Systematic Parasitology 49: 41-57. 82 A. SCHMIDT-RHAESA & V. GUSICH SCHMIDT-RHAESA, A. 2002. Are the genera of Nematomorpha monophyletic taxa? Zoologica Scripta 31: 185-200. SCHMIDT-RHAESA, A. 2005. Morphogenesis of Paragordius varius (Nematomorpha) during the parasitic phase. Zoomorphology 124: 33-46. SCHMIDT-RHAESA, À. 2009. Nematomorpha (Saitenwürmer). In: Endemiten - Kostbarkeiten in Osterreichs Tier- und Pflanzenwelt. RABITSCH, W. & Essi, F. (eds.). Naturwissen- schaftlicher Verein für Kärnten und Umweltbundesamt GmbH, Klagenfurt und Wien: 381-383. SCHMIDT-RHAESA, A. & BRYANT, M. S. 2004. Filling the Gondwana gaps: new species and new reports of the genus Beatogordius (Nematomorpha) from Australia and Madagascar. Systematic Parasitology 57: 173-181. SCHMIDT-RHAESA, A. & CIESLAK, À. 2008. Three new species of Paragordionus and Gordionus (Nematomorpha, Gordiida) from Spain and Turkey, with comments on the taxon Semigordionus. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut 105: 13-22. SCHMIDT-RHAESA, A., HANELT, B. & REEVES, W. 2003: Redescription and cpompiliation of Nearctic freshwater Nematomorpha (Gordiida), with the description of two new species. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 153: 77-117. SCHURMANS STECKHOVEN, J. H. 1943. Contribution a l'étude des gordiides de la fauna Belge. Bulletin du Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique 19: 1-28. VILLALOBOS DE, L. C., RIBERA, I. & BILTON, D. T. 2001. First data of Iberian Nematomorpha, with redescription of Gordius aqguaticus LINNAEUS, G. plicatulus HEINZE, Gordionus wolterstorffii (CAMERANO) and Paragordius tricuspidatus (DUFOUR). Contributions to Zoology 70: 73-84. REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE 117 (1): 83-88; mars 2010 Taxonomical Notes on Neotrichoporoides bulgaricus Graham, 1987 (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) Zoya YEFREMOVA!, Ekaterina YEGORENKOVA! & Peter BOYADZHIEV?2 l Department of Zoology and Dep. of Geography, Ul'yanovsk State Pedagogical University, pl.100-letya Lenina 4, Ul'yanovsk 432700, Russia. E-mail: eulophids@mail.ru; egorenkova80@mail.ru 2 Department of Zoology, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, 24 Tsar Asen st., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria. E-mail: boyadz@uni-plovdiv.bg Taxonomical notes on Neotrichoporoides bulgaricus Graham, 1987 (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae). - The male of Neotrichoporoides bulgaricus is described from two males collected in the type area. À diagnosis and a redescription of female holotype of the poorly known species are given. Keywords: Hymenoptera - Eulophidae - Tetrastichinae - Neotrichoporoides bulgaricus - description. INTRODUCTION Girault (1913a) erected the genus Neotrichoporoides With N. uniguttatus Girault, 1913 as the type species from Australia (Queensland). It was considered to be a monotypic Australian genus until 1986. Most species placed in this genus up to date were described by Girault (1913b; 1915) from Australia (18 species), by Graham (1986; 1987) from Europe (10 species), by Narendran ef al. (2006) from India (6 species), and by Kostjukov (2004) and Yegorenkova & Kostjukov (2006) from Russia, Turkmenistan and Algeria (8 species). Currently, the Neotrichoporoides 1s represented by about 62 species worldwide (Noyes, 2009). So far, five species of Neo- trichoporoides are known from Bulgaria: N. bulgaricus Graham, 1987, N. cavigena Graham, 1987, N. mediterraneus Graham, 1986, N. szelenyii (Erdôs, 1951) and N. viri- dimaculatus (Fullaway, 1955) (Graham, 1987; Boyadzhiev, 1999, 2004). In 2006 and 2008, three males of N. bulgaricus were collected. Because the species was described and is known so far only from females, a description of the male is provided here. The opportunity is taken to present further characters which were not mentioned in the original description. MATERIAL AND METHODS The examined specimens were collected at low elevations on the Pirin Mt. and Osogovo Mt., in southwestern Bulgaria (36-93 km from the type locality) on dry grass communities by screen-sweeping (Boyadzhiev & Triapitsyn, 2007) and fixed in 96% Manuscript accepted 12.11.2009 84 YEFREMOVA ET AL. alcohol. In laboratory, they were air dried with isopropyl alcohol and point-mounted. The specimen from Hadzhidimovo was photographed with reflected light using a Canon Power Shot SD990 IS digital camera under a Carl Zeiss Amplival microscope. Morphological terminology follows Graham (1987). The abbreviations used in the text are listed below: POL — postero-ocellar length, the shortest distance between lateral ocelli; OOL -— ocellar-ocular distance, the shortest distance between lateral ocellus and eye margin; F1-F4 — first to fourth segments of antennal funicle, C1-C3 — first to third segment of clava; SM — submarginal vein, M - marginal vein, ST — stigmal vein, PM — postmarginal vein; T1-T3, T7 — first to third and seventh tergites of gaster. Absolute measurements are given in millimetres (mm), in other dimensions, relative measurements are used. The following abbreviations are used for depositories of the types: MHNG, Muséum d'histoire naturelle, Geneva, Switzerland; NHML, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom; ZISP, Zoological Institution, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia. RESULTS Neotrichoporoides bulgaricus Graham, 1987 Neotrichoporoides bulgaricus Graham, 1987: 71. MATERIAL EXAMINED: Holotype 9: Bulgaria, Pirin Mt. Sandanski, vii.1966, M. Kocourek (NHML). — 1 à, Bulgaria: Pirin Mt., 3 km NW of Banichan Vill., 41°38’17”"N, 23°42° 30°E, 605 m, 08.ix.2006, P. S. Boyadzhiev (MHNG). — 1 à , Bulgaria: Pirin Mt., 2 km NW of Hadzhidimovo, 41°31’15°N, 23°50’40”°E, 495 m, 08:1x.2006, P. S. Boyadzhiev (NHML). — 1 d, Bulgaria: Osogovo Mt., Kjustendil, Gerena District, 42°16’48”N, 22°42° 58”E, 525 m, 05.1x.2008, M. Antov (ZISP). DrAGNosis: The following combination of features differentiates N. bulgaricus from the other species of the genus: malar fovea large, 0.4-0.5 times of malar space: space between submedian lines of scutellum 2.1- 2.6 times as long as broad; subcubital line of setae on forewing ending well distal of speculum. Female antenna with F1 as long as clava plus spine; clava 1.2 times as long as F3. Male antenna with ventral plaque of scape 0.4 times length of scape, situated in the lower half, whorled setae of each finical segment and CI and C2 reaching at least the middle of the following segment. REDESCRIPTION OF FEMALE HOLOTYPE Length 2.7 mm, forewing 2.1 mm. Head broader than long. POL 1.25 OOL. Eyes without setae. Malar sulcus with large fovea. Antenna with scape not reaching vertex, F1 1.8 times as long as pedicel: pedicel about 2.4 times as long as broad; F1 1.4 times as long as F2; F2 1.1 times as long as F3. Pedicel plus flagellum 2.2 times as long as broad mesoscutum. Clava 1.2 times as long as F3. Mid lobe of mesoscutum 1.2 times as broad as long, without median line, with 6 pairs of long pale adnotaular setae. Scutellum 1.8 times as long as broad, submedian lines parallel and slightly nearer to sublateral lines than to each other, with 2 pairs of pale setae. Propodeum medially 3.5 times as long as broad; median carina distinct; callus with 4 pale long setae. NOTES ON NEOTRICHOPOROIDES BULGARICUS 85 Forewing 3.2 times as long as broad. SM 05 length of M; M 7.3 times longer than ST; PM a stub. SM with 4 dorsal setae; speculum extending one fourth of MV. Hind wing rounded at apex. Gaster ovate, 2.1 times as long as broad. Sheaths of ovipositor slightly extended. Colours: head yellow with black vertex and black curved stripe on occiput: antenna brownish with yellow scape. Body blackish with strong green metallic tint, with the following yellow pattern: pronotum, lateral sides of mesoscutum, tegulae and dorsellum; scapulae yellow with large dark spot inside, axillae yellow with dark spot inside; scutellum laterally yellow. Propodeum black, gaster dark brown with yellow broad transverse stripe on T7. Legs yellow. DESCRIPTION OF MALE Figs 1-2 Length 1.5-1.6 mm, forewing 1.3-1.4 mm. Colour is very similar to female but slightly darker. Head about 1.0-1.1 times broader than mesoscutum, about 2.1-2.2 times as broad as long. POL 1.1 OOL. Eyes 1.2-1.3 times as long as broad, without setae. Mouth 1.2-1.5 times malar space. Malar sulcus with triangular fovea and about 0 .4- 0.45 times length of malar space. Antenna (F1g.1) with scape not reaching vertex; about 3.1-3.3 times as long as broad; scape with ventral plaque 0.4 times length of scape, si- tuated mainly in the lower half; pedicel about 1.6-1.7 times as long as broad, 1.8-1.9 times shorter than F1; F1 2.5 -3.0 times as long as broad and 0.8-0.9 times as long as F2; F2 3-4 times as long as broad and equal to F3; F3 3.1-40 times as long as broad and equal to F4; F4 3.1-4.0 times as long as broad. Clava 3-segmented, 2.0 times as long as F4, CI about 2.8-3.3 times as long as broad and slightly longer than C2, C2 about 2.3-2.9 times as long as broad, C3 about 2.7-3.3 times as long as broad; spine about 0.3 length of C3 with long seta. Each segment of funicle, CI and C2 with whorl of setae, reaching at least the middle of the following segment (Fig. 1). Pedicel plus flagellum 2.75-2.95 times as long as broad of mesoscutum. Thorax 1.6-1.7 times as long as broad. Pronotum 0.7-0.8 times as long as mesoscutum, 1.6-2.0 times as broad as long. Mid lobe of mesoscutum 1.4 times as broad as long, without median line, with 2-3 long pale adnotaular setae on each side, arranged in 1 row. Scutellum 0.86-0.94 ti- mes as long as broad, sculptured as mesoscutum; submedian lines parallel and slightly nearer to sublateral lines than to each other, with 2 pairs of pale setae; first pair of se- tae situated in upper part of scutellum. Dorsellum 2.6 times as broad as long. Propodeum medially 4.2-4.3 times as long as broad; median carina fine; spiracles oval, callus with 4 pale long setae. Forewing (Fig. 2) 2.6-2.8 times as long as broad. SM 0.6- 0.7 length of M, with 4 dorsal setae; M 7.0 times longer than ST, with 13 frontal setae; speculum extending one fifth of MV; rather small. Hind wing rounded at apex. Gaster ovate, 1.2-1.3 times shorter than head plus thorax and as long as thorax, 1.8-2.2 times as long as broad, 1.2 times as narrow as thorax. Last tergite 1.3-1.5 times as broad as long. Longest seta of each cercus is twice the length of the next longest. Colours: Head yellow with more or less reddish median spot in lower face, brown scrobes and black spot with green metallic tint around ocellar triangle, vertex and occiput; antenna brownish with yellow to reddish scape. Pronotum blackish with yellow to reddish spots on lateral sides and anteromedially, visible through black 86 YEFREMOVA ET AL. FiGs 1-2 Neotrichoporoides bulgaricus Graham; male. (1) Antenna. (2) Forewing. Scale lines = 0.1 mm. colour; mesoscutum, scutellum and propodeum black with blue-greenish tint; hind parts of scapulae and axillae brown to reddish; dorsellum yellow. Gaster: dark brown dorsally with yellow to reddish median spot on T1-T3; ventrally with yellow to reddish proximal part and dark brown distal part. Legs pale yellowish, except mid and hind brown coxae and 2-4 segments of tarsi. Host: Unknown. DISCUSSION Graham (1987) mentioned in the description of N. bulgaricus and in the key under a question that a male with distinctive scape (with ventral plaque situated mainly in the lower half) might belong to this species. He also showed an exact figure of this scape, examined probably from a damaged specimen. The three males are considered to belong to N. bulgaricus by taking the following arguments into account: scape with ventral plaque 0.4 times length of scape, situated mainly in the lower half and corresponding exactly to figure of Graham (1987: Fig. 103); malar fovea about 0.4-0.45 malar space; POL slightly longer than OOL; pro- podeum medially 4.2-4.3 times as long as broad, callus with 4 setae; forewing with 4 dorsal setae on SMV; M 7.0 times longer than ST, speculum extending one fifth of MV and subcubital line of setae on forewing ending well distal of speculum. The male has further similar yellow markings like the female. In addition, two of the males were collected in the same area as the holotype. NOTES ON NEOTRICHOPOROIDES BULGARICUS 87 N. bulgaricus Graham was collected in the same area as N. cavigena Graham, a morphologically similar species. They differ in the following points: in N. bulgaricus the ventral plaque is 0.4 times as long as length of scape and situated mainly in the lower half (0.3 length of scape, placed just above the middle in N. cavigena); the FI 1s 0.77-0.86 times as long as F2 (0.9 times as long as F2 in N. cavigena); each segment of funicle, C1 and C2 with whorl of setae, reaching at least the middle of the following segment (whorls reach about the tips of the segments which bear them in N. cavigena). CONCLUSION Comparative morphological study of female holotype of N. bulgaricus and the two males, collected from the type area, showed that they belong to the same species. Our research confirmed that ventral plaque situated mainly in the lower half as we could see in Graham (1987). A redescription of N. bulgaricus is given. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Dr. John S. Noyes (The Natural History Museum, London, UK) is thanked for the possibility to examine the holotype of N. bulgaricus in 2009. We also thank referee Dr. B. Merz (Muséum d‘histoire naturelle, Genève, Switzerland) and the second anonymous referee for critical reading of the manuscript and for useful remarks. The collecting trips were supported by the Fund of the Scientific Research, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendartskr”’. REFERENCES BOYADZHIEV, P. S. 1999. New species Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) to the fauna of Bulgaria - II. Travaux Scientifiques Universite de Plovdiv, Animalia 35 (6): 63-66. BOYADZHIEV, P. S. 2004. Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of the eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria) (pp. 497-505). /n: BERON P. & Popov A. (eds). Biodiversity of Bulgaria 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft, National Museum of Natural History & Bulgarian Academy of Science, Sofia, 951 pp. BOYADZHIEV, P. & TRIAPITSYN, S. 2007. Description of a new species of Entedonomphale (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from Bulgaria, with notes on £. carbonaria. Revue suisse de Zoologie 114(4): 735-741. GIRAULT, À. A. 1913a. New genera and species of chalcidoid Hymenoptera from North Queensland. Archiv für Naturgeschichte (A) 79(6): 46-52. GIRAULT, À. À. 1913b. Australian Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea - IV. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 2: 140-296. GIRAULT, A. A. 1915. Australian Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea IV. Supplement. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 3: 1-251. GRAHAM, M. W. R. DE V. 1986. Four new species of Eulophidae (Insecta. Hymenoptera) from Madeira and Europa. Bocagina 95: 1-9. GRAHAM, M. W. R. DE V. 1987. A reclassification of the European Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), with a revision of certain genera. Bulletin of British Museum (Natural History) Entomology series 55(1): 1-392. KOSTIUKOV, V. V. 2004. New species of Neotrichoporoides (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) from Russia, Turkmenstan and Algeria. Biologicheskaya Zashchita rasteniy - osnova stabilizatsii agroekosistem 2: 167-168. NARENDRAN, T. C., GIRISH KUMAR, P., SATHOSH, S. & JiLcY, M. C. 2006. A revision of Neotrichoporoides Girault (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from India. Onriental Insects 40: 1221. 88 YEFREMOVA ET AL. NOYES, J. S. 2009. Universal Chalcidoïidea Database, World Wide Web electronicp ublication. The Natural History Museum, London. Nttp://Www.nhm.ac.uk/entomology/chalci- doids/index.html [Date of access: 31-July-2009]. YEGORENKOVA, E. N., KOSTIUKOV, V. V. 2006. New species of the genus Neotrichoporoides Girault, 1913 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae, Tetrastichinae) from Ul’yanovsk Province of Russia. Russian Entomological Journal 15(4): 421-422. REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE 117 (1): 89-100; mars 2010 Three new European species of the Rhamphomyia (s. str.) melania oroup (Diptera: Empididae) Miroslav BARTAK & Stépän KUBÏK Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Zoology and Fisheries, 165 21 Praha 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic. E-mail: bartak@af.czu.cz, kubik@af.czu.cz Three new European species of the Rhamphomyia (s. str.) melania sroup (Diptera: Empididae). - Rhamphomyia (s. str.) danielssoni Sp. n. (Greece), Rhamphomyia (s. Str.) moceki Sp. n. (Albania), and Rhamphomryia (s. Str.) siffointei Sp. n. (France), are described and 1llustrated. Rhamphomyia (s. Str.) pseudocrinita Strobl, 1909 is redescribed. Males of the group are keyed. Keywords: Rhamphomyia (s. Str.) - new species - Europe - taxonomy - key. INTRODUCTION The species of the Rhamphomyia (s. Str.) melania group (as delimited by Bartäk, 2001: 316) are usually medium-sized to large (wing size from 3.7 to 6.5 mm), proepisternal depression setose, axillary angle acute, anal vein (AI) complete (or depigmented about middle), prosternum mostly bare (sparsely setose in À. pseudocri- nita Strobl, 1909), halter dark, male cercus simple, without posterior cercus (= sub- cercal process) and without finger-like projection near dorso-cranial corner. Species of this group closely resemble species of R. albosegmentata group (see Bartäk, 2007). However, the male phallus in the representatives of the first group is narrowed apically and female hind femur is finely setose ventrally. On the other hand, the male phallus of the species of the latter group is broadened apically and female hind femur bears usually spine-like setae ventrally. There 1s a tendency of a reduction of the length of the costal seta (most notably in À. nubigena Bezzi, 1904 and R. siffointei sp. n.) and such specimens resemble species of the R. ignobilis group (as delimited by Bartäk, 2001: 314), but, the species of the latter group have yellow halter. It is sometimes difficult to arrange a single female of the subgenus Rham- phomyia (s. Str.) into particular group of species. Species of R. (s. str.) melania group have southern West Palaearctic distribution (reaching from Sierra Nevada and Pyrenees, across the Alps, Greece, and Israel up to Caucasus). MATERIAL AND METHODS The material studied is deposited in the following collections: CULSP Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague MHK Museum of East Bohemia, Hradec Krälové Manuscript accepted 12.11.2009 90 M. BARTAK & $. KUBÏK MHNG Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Geneva NMA Naturhistorisches Museum, Stift Admont ZML Zoological Museum, Lund University The genitalia were macerated in 10 % KOH (24 hours, room temperature) and they were stored together with specimens in plastic microvials with glycerine. The morphological terms used here follow Merz & Haenni (2000) and Sinclair (2000). Abbreviations: T11,T21,T31 = length of fore, mid, hind tibia; B11,B21,B31 = length of fore, mid, hind basal tarsomere; B1w.B2w.,B3w = width of fore, mid, hind basal tarsomere; M2/D = length of vein M2: greatest length of discal medial cell (discal cell); M3/Db = length of apical: preapical sections of vein CuAl; Iw: ww = greatest length of wing: greatest width of wing. Length of antennal segments = length of first: 2nd: 3rd: style (in 0.01 mm scale). Characters marked with ? are unclear (e.g. width of face or frons may be difficult to measure when collapsed, or length of setae when broken). S YSTEMATIC TREATMENT Rhamphomyia (s. str.) danielssoni sp. n. Figs 1-2 HOLOTYPE MALE: Greece, Evritania, Mt. Timfristos, ski centre, 1850 m, 10.vi.1982, loc. 21, leg. R. Danielsson (ZML). PARATYPES: same data as for holotype, 1 male, 6 females (ZML, CULSP). DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: Rhamphomyia (s. Str.) danielssoni sp. n. differs from remaining species Of À. (s.str.) melania group in male by microtrichose abdomen, long setose fore and mid femora, short first antennomere, straight mid basal tarsomere and labrum shorter than head. Female can be distinguished from females of Palaearctic Rhamphomyia s. str. (with bare prosternum, biserial acrostichals, well developed costal seta, dark halter, unilobate occiput and normally developed cerci) in short first antennomere, polished abdominal segments 6-7 and hind femur lacking strong antero- ventral setae. The closest relative is probably R. azauensis Bartäk, 1983. The latter species which is only known from the Caucasus, however, has strong and well diffe- rentiated prescutellars, shorter dorsal setae on hind tibia and it is larger species (wing more than 5.0 mm). Moreover, there are differences in male genitalia between these two species: À. azauensis has broader tip of cercus and much narrower apex of phallus than À. danielssoni sp. n. DESCRIPTION MALE: Eyes holoptic or very narrowly dichoptic, facets in ventral third of eye smaller than in dorsal two thirds. Frons (small areas just above antennae and below ocellar triangle) dark brownish-black, microtrichose, setae absent. Ocellar setae black and fine, slightly shorter than distance between front ocellus and base of antennae, ocellar triangle with 1-3 pairs of slightly shorter additional setae. Face black, brownish-grey microtrichose (with narrow polished stripe along lower margin), about 0.25? mm broad ventrally and 0.20? mm long, without setae. Occiput brown, micro- trichose, with rather long and dense black setae, postocular row irregular. Antennae black, length of antennal segments = 14: 9: 35: 9, the longest setae on basal two segments about 0.20 mm long. Labrum black, polished, 2/3 as long as head is high. Palpus brown, long, densely covered with setae along whole length (the longest setae NEW EUROPEAN RHAMPHOMPYIA 9] FIGs 1-4 Rhamphomyia (s. Str.) danielssoni sp. n. (1) Male terminalia (macerated). (2) Male phallus. Rhamphomyia (s. str.) moceki sp. n. (3) Male phallus. (4) Male terminalia (macerated). Lateral views, scale bars 0.1 mm. about 0.30 mm long). Genae narrow, clypeus partly polished. Thorax brownish-black, dark brownish-grey microtrichose, without stripes, all setae black. Chaetotaxy: about 20 setae on proepisternum; 10 setae on proepisternal depression; prosternum bare: about 16 biserial, fairly fine acrostichals almost 0.40 mm long; about 30 irregularly tri- serial dorsocentrals subequally long as acrostichals, prescutellars scarcely differentia- ted; intrahumeral, posthumeral, notopleural, praealar and supraalar setae scarcely differentiated from many (30-40 on each side of mesoscutum) setae lateral of dorso- centrals; postpronotal seta scarcely differentiated from about 10 additional setae; 1 long and several small postalars; 6-10 scutellars; laterotergite with black setae. Legs in- cluding coxae brown, microtrichose, with black setae, one long seta present in comb at tip of hind tibia. Fore femur with rather dense and irregular rows of anteroventral and posteroventral setae slightly longer than femur is deep, dorsal setae slightly shorter. Fore tibia with 4-5 anterodorsal and 8-10 posterodorsal setae up to twice as long as tibia 1s deep, ventral setae slightly shorter than tibia is deep. Mid femur rather densely covered with anterodorsal, anteroventral and posteroventral setae about 1.5 times as long as femur 1s deep. Mid tibia with 3-4 pairs of anterodorsal and posterodorsal setae about twice as long as tibia is deep, 1-2 anteroventrals and 2-4 posteroventrals shightly longer than tibia is deep. Hind femur with irregularly arranged anteroventral and posteroventral setae in basal third of femur twice as long as femur is deep, slightly 92 M. BARTAK & $. KUBÏK shorter in apical part of femur, in apical third with several long dorsal and anterodorsal setae. Hind tibia with several anterodorsal and more numerous posterodorsal setae almost three times as long as tibia 1s deep, ventral setae slightly shorter than tibia is deep. Basal tarsomeres of fore and mid legs thin and short setose, with short ventral spines, T 11: B11= 2.3-2.7, BI11: B1w = 5.7-6.0, T21: B21 = 2.6-2.7, B21: B2w = 5.3-6.2. Basal tarsomere of hind leg thin, with several dorsal setae almost three times as long as basitarsus 1s deep, T3l: B31 = 2.3, B3l: B3w = 6.5-9.2. Wing clear or slightly brow- nish, stigma brownish, veins brown, anal vein (A1) complete or depigmented in middle part. Costal seta present, axillary angle acute (70°). M2/D = 1.3-1.8, M3/Db = 30-37, Iw: ww = 2.8-2.9. Halter brown: calypter brown with dark fringes. Abdomen brownish- black, microtrichose, all setae dark. Hind marginal setae on sides of tergites subequally long as segments, discal setae slightly shorter than marginals on segments 2-4 and much shorter than marginals on segments 5-7. Dorsum of tergites with short setae, 1st sternite covered with setae. Terminalia as in Figs 1-2: cercus narrowly trapezoiïd; epan- drium elongated, with rather long setae even on dorsal surface; phallus slightly broadened at extreme tip. Length of body 3.7-4.2 mm, wing 3.8-4.2 mm. DESCRIPTION FEMALE: Similar to male but with the following differences. Eyes broadly dichoptic, all facets subequal in size. Frons 0.20 mm long and 0.23 mm broad, with 5-6 rather long setae (up to 0.13 mm) on each side. Face 0.13 mm long and 0.30 mm broad below. Length of antennal segments = 13: 8: 35: 9. Labrum slightly shorter than head is high. Occiput with setae much shorter than in male. Genae polished; clypeus mostly microtrichose. Thorax with setae much shorter and less numerous than in male (both acrostichals and dorsocentrals less than 0.15 mm long), 2-3 notopleurals better differentiated than in male. Fore femur with anteroventral and posteroventral setae about as long as femur is deep. Fore tibia with 2-3 pairs of dorsal setae slightly longer than tibia 1s deep. Mid femur with anteroventral and posteroventral setae sligh- tly shorter than femur is deep. Mid tibia with anterodorsal, posterodorsal, anteroven- tral and posteroventral setae (3-5 in each row) about as long as tibia 1s deep. Hind femur with fine ventral setae shorter than femur 1s deep, with some longer setae dor- sally near the tip. Hind tibia with 4-5 pairs of anterodorsal and posterodorsal setae up to twice as long as tibia 1s deep, ventral setae short (1-2 short anteroventrals differen- tiated). Basal tarsomeres of all legs thin and short setose, with short ventral spines, hind one with 1-2 setae dorsally twice as long as this tarsomere is deep. TIl: B11 = 2.6, BI: B1w = 4.6-4.8, T21: B21 = 2.4-2.5, B21: B2w = 5.3-5.4, T3l: B31 = 2.1-2.2, B3l: B3w = 70-79. Wing somewhat darker brownish than in male. M2/D = 1.3-1.5, M3/Db = 3.0-3.2, Iw: ww = 28-30. Abdomen black, microtrichose, segments 6-7 mostly polished (both tergites and sternites). Hind marginal setae on segments 2-4 1/2-2/3 as long as their segments, on the following segments slightly shorter, discal setae shorter than marginals. Dorsum of abdomen with very short setae. Length of body: 3.9-4.2 mm, Wing: 3.7-4.2 mm. DERIVATIO NOMINIS: The species is named in honour of the collector of the types, Roy Danielsson (Zoological Museum, University of Lund). DISTRIBUTION: Greece. Province of Evrytania (= Evritania), Pindus mountain range. DATES OF OCCURRENCE: June. NEW EUROPEAN RHAMPHOMYIA 93 Rhamphomyia (s. str.) moceki sp. n. Figs 3-4 HOLOTYPE: Male; Albania bor., Prokletie Mts, Boge, 1500 m, meadow, Fagetum, 17.vi.1994, leg. B. Mocek (MHK)). PARATYPES: same data as for holotype, 3 females (MHK and CULSP). DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: The new species differs from all species of Rhampho- myia (s. Str.) melania group (besides terminalia) by its elongated first antennal segment, very long setose abdomen and broad and polished genae. The absence of ven- tral setae on hind femur in female and presence of them in male 1s also striking feature this species. As a consequence of this sexual dimorphism the male of Rh. moceki belongs according to Frey (1954-56) to the subgenus A/pinomyia and the female to the subgenus Eorhamphomyia. DESCRIPTION MALE (HOLOTYPE): Eyes holoptic, facets in ventral half of eye smaller than in dorsal half. Frons (small areas just above antennae and below ocellar triangle) black, grey microtrichose, setae absent. Ocellar setae broken in the single male at hand. Face black, grey microtrichose, about 0.30? mm broad below and 0.25 mm long, setae absent. Occiput black, grey microtrichose, with rather long black setae, postocular row almost complete. Antennae black, length of antennal segments = 23: 8: 50: 12, the longest setae on basal two segments about 0.25 mm long. Labrum brow- nish-black, polished, slightly longer than head is high. Palpus brown, long, densely covered with setae along whole length (the longest about 0.40 mm long). Genae very broad (at least 0.06 mm) and polished, clypeus microtrichose. Thorax black, dark, ra- ther brownish-grey microtrichose, without stripes, all setae black. Chaetotaxy: about 20 setae on proepisternum; 6 setae on proepisternal depression; prosternum bare; about 22 biserial, fairly fine acrostichals about 0.30 mm long; about 30 irregularly 2-3 serial dorsocentrals ending in 2-3 stronger prescutellars, the presutural area of mesoscutum with about 20 similar setae; intrahumeral and posthumeral not differentiated; postpro- notal seta scarcely distinguishable from several similar setae; 3 notopleurals and 4-6 long setae in front part of notopleuron; 3-4 supraalars and 3-4 setae on prealar area; 1 long and 1 small postalars; 4 long and strong and 1-2 additional smaller scutellars: laterotergite with black setae. Legs including coxae black, concolorous with pleura, microtrichose, with black setae. One long seta present in comb at tip of hind tibia. Fore femur with irregular row of anteroventral setae up to as long as femur is deep and with similar row of rather longer posteroventrals up to twice as long as femur is deep, anterodorsal setae similar to anteroventrals but dorsal setae short. Fore tibia with 3-4 pairs of anterodorsal and posterodorsal setae about twice as long as tibia is deep, dense ventral setae short. Mid femur with irregular row of short anteroventral setae less than half as long as femur is deep, posteroventrals up to twice as long as femur is deep (setae irregularly arranged in basal part of femur). Mid tibia with 3 anterodorsal and 3 posterodorsal setae up to twice as long as tibia is deep and with regular row of very short anteroventral spines, posteroventral setae more irregularly arranged but equally short as anteroventrals. Hind femur with complete row of anteroventral setae and in apical third also anterodorsal setae (up to as long as femur is deep), posteroventral setae in basal half of femur nearly twice as long. Hind tibia thin, with 5-6 pairs of anterodorsal and posterodorsal setae, the longest twice as long as tibia is deep, sparse cilation between setae about as long as tibia is deep, ventral setae very short. Basal 94 M. BARTAK & $. KUBÏIK tarsomeres of fore and mid legs thin and short setose, with short ventral spines, T11: B11= 2.8-2.9,B11: B1w = 6.2-6.3, T21: B21 = 3.6-3.7, B21: B2w = 5.6. Basal tarsome- re of hind leg thin, with several dorsal setae up to three times as long as this tarsome- re 1s deep, T3l: B31 = 2.4, B31: B3w = 7.6. Wing light brownish, stigma darker, veins brown, anal vein (AI) complete. Costal seta present, axillary angle acute (70°). M2/D = 1.5, M3/Db = 3.8, 1w: ww = 2.5? Halter black, basal part of stem yellow; calypter brown with dark fringes. Abdomen brownish-black, microtrichose, with dark setae. Hind marginal setae on sides of tergites slightly longer than segments, discal setae shghtly shorter than marginals. Dorsum of tergites with very short setae. The 1st sternite with setae on sides. Terminalia as in Figs 3-4. Cercus trapezoiïd; phallus broadened subapically and sharply tipped at apex; epandrium with long setae along ventral margin: hypandrium short and broad. Length of both body and wing 5.0 mm. DESCRIPTION FEMALE: Similar to male but with the following differences. Eyes broadly dichoptic, all facets subequal in size. Frons 0.18 mm long and 0.26 mm broad, with 2-3 rather long setae on each side. Ocellar setae about as long as frons. Face 0.40 mm long and subequally broad below. Length of antennal segments = 35: 9: 38: 15. Labrum 1.4 times as long as head is high. Occiput with shorter setae than in male. Thorax with setae slightly shorter and less numerous than in male. Fore and mid femur short setose. Fore tibia with a few setae dorsally shorter than tibia 1s deep. Mid tibia with setae shorter than tibia 1s deep. Hind femur short setose, some longer setae occur posteriorly about base and anterodorsally near the tip, ventral surface of femur virtually bare except a single preapical anteroventral seta. Hind tibia with 3 anterodorsal and 3 posterodorsal setae slightly longer than tibia 1s deep, ventral setae short, sometimes short single anteroventral seta present. AII basal tarsomeres thin and short setose, with short ventral spines, hind one with 1-2 setae dorsally twice as long as this tarsomere 1s déep. T1E B11=32,B1t Bilw=50;11B21=33;B2L'BN = SOMME B3l: B3w = 8.0. Wing somewhat darker brownish than in male, basal veins conspi- cuously thick and dark brown, anal vein (A1) slightly weakened about middle. M2/D = 14-15, M3/Db = 36-43, Iw: ww = 29-30. Abdomen black, microtrichose, segments 6-8 on basal half polished. Hind marginal setae on segments 2-5 longer than segments but on the following segments very short, discal setae subequally long as marginals. Dorsum of abdomen very short setose. Length of body: 5.0 mm, wing: 4.7-5.0 mm. DISTRIBUTION: Albania. DATES OF OCCURRENCE: June. DERIVATIO NOMINIS: the species is named in honour of my friend and the collector of the types, Dr. Bohuslav Mocek (Museum Hradec Krälové). Rhamphomyia (s. str.) siffointei Sp. n. Figs 5-6 HOLOTYPE MALE: France, Col de Tourniol, 1 050 m, 26.v.2005, leg. M. Bartäk (CULSP). PARATYPES: same data as the holotype, 52 males, 6 females (CULSP, MHNG), France, Vassieux-en- Vercors, 10.vi.1981,2 males, leg. R. Siffointe (MHNG., coll. R. Siffointe) DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: The new species differs from remaining species of Rhamphomyia (s. Str.) melania group except R. nubigena Bezzi, 1904 by its short costal seta (less than twice as long as nearby costal ciliation). The male of À. (s. str.) NEW EUROPEAN RHAMPHOMYIA 95 siffointei Sp. n. differs from remaining West Palaearctic Rhamphomyia (s. str.) in the characteristic shape of epandrium and phallus. The sharply acute tip of the epandrium resembles that of RÀ. (s. str.) wagneri Bartäk, 1998 known from Dubrovnik (Croatia). However, the latter has pale yellow halter and different shape of both phallus and cercus. Female of R. (s. str.) siffointei Sp. n. may be mistaken either for À. chionoptera Bezzi, 1904 or R. anthracinella Strobl, 1898. However, the former species has much paler wings and the latter much longer abdominal setae. DESCRIPTION MALE: Eyes holoptic, facets in ventral half of eye smaller than in dorsal half. Frons (small areas just above antennae and below ocellar triangle) dark brownish-black, microtrichose, bare. Ocellar setae black and fine, scarcely one third as long as frons, accompanied with 1-2 pairs of similar or somewhat shorter setae. Face black, brownish-grey microtrichose, about 0.28 mm broad ventrally and subequally long, without setae. Occiput black, light grey microtrichose, with black setae, post- ocular row complete but irregular in ventral part, dorsal postocular setae distinctly bent forward. Antennae black, length of antennal segments = 15: 8-9: 55-60: 9-10, the longest setae on basal two segments about 0.20 mm long. Labrum black, polished, about as long as head is high. Palpus brown, short, with fine setae along whole length (the longest about 0.25 mm long). Genae narrow and microtrichose, clypeus micro- trichose except dorsalmost part. Thorax black, light grey microtrichose, with three shightly darker and sometimes poorly visible brownish stripes on lines of acrostichals and dorsocentrals. AII setae black. Chaetotaxy: about 10-15 setae on proepisternum: 4- 8 setae on proepisternal depression; prosternum bare; about 24-30 biserial, rather fine acrostichals 0.20-0.25 mm long; multiserial dorsocentrals subequally long as acro- stichals (or slightly longer), ending in strong and long prescutellars: lateral parts of mesoscutum in presutural area and front part of notopleura covered with many (about 20 on each side) setae similar to acrostichals or dorsocentrals; intrahumeral not differentiated, posthumeral present and strong, 3 strong notopleurals, 1-2 supraalar setae, 4-6 prealar setae and 2-3 setae between prealars and supraalars: 1 postpronotal and 10-15 smaller setae; 1 long and several small postalars; 4 scutellars, sometimes with 1-2 additional setae; laterotergite with black setae. Legs including coxae brownish black, microtrichose, with black setae. A long seta present in comb at tip of hind tibia. Fore femur with short setae, anteroventrals and posteroventrals very fine and scarcely half as long as femur is deep, dorsal setae slightly stronger. Fore tibia with fine posterodorsal setae slightly longer than tibia 1s deep, ventral setae very short and fine, anterodorsals scarcely differentiated. Mid femur with similar short and fine setae as fore femur. Mid tibia with 4-6 strong anterodorsals three times as long as tibia is deep (the longest preapical one up to 0.50 mm long), posterodorsals and posteroventrals slightly shorter than anterodorsals, anteroventrals very short. Hind femur with 2-3 anteroventrals and the same number of posteroventrals in submedian position shightly longer than femur is deep and with a row of 4-5 subequally long anterodorsals in apical half of femur, otherwise with short setae. Hind tibia with about 8 pairs of setae dorsally about as long as tibia is deep, ventral setae shorter. Basal tarsomere of fore leg thin, short setose, T11: B11 = 2.4-2.5, B11: B1lw = 6.7-7.3, basal tarsomere of mid leg thin, short setose, with rather long ventral spines, T21: B21 = 2.9-3.0, B21: B2w = 5.6-64. Basal tarsomere of hind leg about as broad as tip of hind tibia, with 3-4 pairs of dorsal 96 M. BARTAK & $. KUBÏK setae somewhat longer than this tarsomere is deep, T3l: B31 = 1.9-2.0, B31: B3w = 4.7-5.9. Wing clear or slightly brownish, stigma brown, veins brown, anal vein (Al) complete. Costal seta only slightly longer than nearby setae, axillary angle sharply acu- te (50°). M2/D = 1.5-1.7, M3/Db = 2.9-3.7, Iw: ww = 2.5-2.8. Halter brown; calypter yellowish-brown with dark fringes. Abdomen black (terminalia almost brown), light grey microtrichose. AI setae dark. Hind marginal setae on sides of tergites slightly longer than their segments, discal setae shorter than marginals. Dorsum of tergites with rather long setae; 1st sternite bare. Terminalia as in Figs 5-6. Cercus broad and long; epandrium short setose, with sharply pointed upcurved tip; hypandrium broadened; phallus peculiarly S-shaped near the tip. Length of body 4.9-5.6 mm, wing 5.5-6.1 mm. DESCRIPTION FEMALE: Similar to male but with the following differences. Eyes broadly dichoptic, all facets subequal in size. Frons 0.28 mm long and subequally broad, with about 4-6 setae on each side. Ocellar setae 2/3 as long as frons. Face sub- equally long as frons, 0.35 mm broad below. Length of antennal segments = 19: 10: 52: 8. Labrum slightly longer than head is high. Occiput with setae much shorter than in male. Clypeus polished. Thorax similarly coloured as male, but dark stripes less visible, thoracic setae much shorter than in male (both acrostichals and dorsocentrals 0.15 mm long) and less numerous. Both fore and mid femur short setose. Fore tibia with several setae dorsally shorter than tibia 1s deep. Mid tibia with scarcely differen- tiated anterodorsal, posterodorsal and posteroventral setae, all shorter than tibia 1 deep. Hind femur with fine dorsal setae about as long as femur 1s deep on basal third and with several anterodorsals in apical third, ventrally with only minute setae. Basal tarsomeres of all legs thin and short setose dorsally and with short ventral spines, hind one with several setae dorsally as long as this tarsomere is deep. T1l: B11 = 2.2-24, B1l: B1lw = 6.5-6.9, T21: B21 = 24-30, B21: B2w = 50-55, T3l: B31 = 22-24, B3l: B3w = 7.6-8.0. Wing dark brown. M2/D = 1.5-1.6, M3/Db = 2.6-2.9, 1w: ww = 2.3- 2.5. Abdomen brownish-black, microtrichose. Hind marginal setae scarely 4 as long as their segments (on segment 2 somewhat longer), discal setae subequally long. Dorsum of abdomen with very short setae. Length of body: 6.1-6.9 mm, wing: 5.8- 6.5 mm. DISTRIBUTION: French Alps, northernmost part of the department Drôme, moun- tains of the Vercors. DATES OF OCCURRENCE: May, June. DERIVARIO NOMINIS: the species is named in honour of the collector of the first specimens at hand, Mr. René Siffointe. Rhamphomyia (s. str.) pseudocrinita Strobl in Strobl & Czerny, 1909 Fig. 7 Strobl in Strobl & Czerny, 1909: 170. MATERIAL STUDIED: Holotype; male; Spain, "Geniltal (Sr Nevada) 2/5 à Str." (NMA). REDESCRIPTION MALE: Eyes holoptic, facets in ventral half of eye smaller than in dorsal half. Frons (small areas just above antennae and below ocellar triangle) light brownish-grey, microtrichose, bare. Ocellar setae black and fine, half as long as frons, accompanied by 3 pairs of slightly shorter setae. Face black, light grey microtrichose, NEW EUROPEAN RHAMPHOMPYIA 97 6 PR TA / > ES FIGs 5-7 Rhamphomyia (s. Str.) siffointei sp. n. (5) Male terminalia (macerated). (6) Male phallus. Rhamphomyia (s. str.) pseudocrinita Strobl. (7) Male terminalia. Lateral views, scale bars 0.1 mm. more than 0.17? mm broad below and more than 0.15? mm long, bare. Occiput black, light grey microtrichose, densely covered with rather long black setae, postocular row irregular but complete. Antennae black (both basal antennomeres brown), length of antennal segments = 15: 10: 48: 12, the longest setae on basal two segments about 0.20 mm long. Labrum black, polished, 2/3 as long as head 1s high. Palpus brown, modera- tely long, densely covered with setae along whole length (the longest setae about 0.30 mm long). Genae narrow, clypeus microtrichose. Thorax brownish-black, light grey microtrichose, with two broad brown stripes on lines of dorsocentrals and with two similar but much narrower stripes on sides of mesoscutum reaching from posthumerals to supraalars. AI thoracic setae black. Chaetotaxy: 14 setae on proepisternum; about 10 setae on proepisternal depression; prosternum with 4-6 setae on each side; about 30 biserial, fairly fine acrostichals; more than 40 irregularly 4-serial dorsocentrals ending in two stronger prescutellars (both acrostichals and dorsocentrals about 0.20 mm long in middle of rows); 5-6 subequal setae in intrahumeral area, 1 strong posthumeral accompanied by 6 similar setae, 3 strong notopleurals and 5-6 fine setae in front part of notopleura, two strong supraalars and 5-6 fine setae in prealar area; one strong and many weaker postpronotal setae; 1 long and several small postalars; 4-6 scutellars: laterotergite with black setae. Coxae blackish brown, grey microtrichose, legs brown, microtrichose, legs (including coxae) black setose. A long seta present in comb at tip 98 M. BARTAK & $. KUBÏK of hind tibia. Fore femur with slightly irregular rows of anteroventral and postero- ventral setae subequally long as femur 1s deep, dorsal setae shorter. Fore tibia with 4-5 pairs of rather strong anterodorsal and posterodorsal setae slightly longer than diameter of tibia and with 1-2 submedian similar posterior setae, ventral setae very short. Mid femur with two rows of rather strong setae ventrally, those forming antero- ventral row rather short (one third as long as femur is deep), those in posteroventral row short in basal half and longer in apical half of femur, anterodorsal setae somewhat longer and fine. Mid tibia with 4 long anterodorsal setae (the preapical seta the longest, about 0.40 mm long) and with another 4-5 strong but shorter and irregularly arranged seate in anterodorsal or even dorsal position) situated only in basal part of tibia (absent in apical half), 2-3 anteroventrals and 1-2 posteroventrals up to twice as long as dia- meter of tibia. Hind femur without setae ventrally (only with fine “pilosity” througout its length), dorsal setae short. Hind tibia with 5-6 pairs of dorsal setae slightly longer than diameter of tibia, ventral setae short, one anteroventral in apical third of tibia differentiated. Basal tarsomere of fore leg thin and short setose, T11: B11=2.2-2.3,B11: B1w = 5.2-6.2, basal tarsomere of mid leg thin, short setose, with short ventral spines, T21: B21 = 2.5-2.8, B21: B2w = 5.0-6.3, basal tarsomere of hind leg thin, with 1-2 setae dorsally (beside preapicals) shightly longer than diameter of this tarsomere and with short ventral spines, T31: B31 = 20-23, B31: B3w = 7.2-9 0. Wing light brown, stigma brown, veins brown, anal vein (AI) complete. Costal seta long, axillary angle deeply incised (30°). M2/D = 1.2-1.3, M3/Db = 2.6-2.8, Iw: ww = 2.8-2.9. Halter light brown; calypter yellow with dark fringes. Abdomen brownish-black, microtrichose (light grey in lateral view, brownish grey in dorsal view), all setae dark. Hind marginal setae on sides of tergites 2-4 slightly longer than their segments, on tergite 5 slightly shorter and on tergites 6-7 short, discal setae on tergites 2-3 slightly shorter than marginals, on the following segments much shorter. Dorsum of tergites with moderately long setae: 1st sternite setose along whole length. Terminalia as in Fig 7. Cercus twice as long as high: epandrium covered with rather long setae ventrally near the tip; phallus thin and bowed near the tip; hypandrium simple and short. Length of body 4.5 mm, wing 4.9 mm. FEMALES: Unknown. REMARKS: The species was described from a single male from Geniltal, Sierra Nevada (Spain) which is still the only known specimen. There is one male specimen in NMA, apparently the holotype, well preserved (only left third antennomere mis- sing), labelled “Rhamphomyia laevipes Fall. Dr. E. Lindner determ. 19497 “Holotypus” and with another label beside (separately from specimen) “Rh. pseudo- crinita m. Geniltal (Sr. Nevada) 2/5 & Str.”. R. (s. str.) pseudocrinita may be distin- guished from other species of not only R. (s. tr.) melania group but also from any other known West Palaearctic Rhamphomyia s. str. by its setose prosternum and dark halter. Females remain unknown. The authors suppose it may also be separated from morpho- logically similar species by both characters explained above (which are probably not sexually dimorphic). Interestingly, R. (s. str.) pseudocrinita is remarkably similar to À. laevipes. In addition to the two above mentioned important differentiating characters, both species differ only in details: R. laevipes has phallus almost straight near apex, whereas R. pseudocrinita has phallus bent near apex almost as in À. czizeki Bartäk, NEW EUROPEAN RHAMPHOMYIA 99 1982 (see Bartäk, 1982, fig. 1b); basal tarsomere of fore leg 1s longer setose dorsally in À. laevipes than in À. pseudocrinita. KEY TO MALES OF RHAMPHOMYIA (S. STR.) MELANIA GROUP OF SPECIES la POONETANMINWIR SCNETANSCLAC (SIN) 0 MN, RIRE AIR TN RSR PNR EI R. pseudocrinita Strobl in Strobl & Czerny, 1909 Ib RTE NEO CIE RE OS PEN NERO VERRE ME TU 2 2a Costal seta absent or present, in the later case at most twice as long as a oo ies Trees Duloarks .LArcatten. Lixooridus 3 2b Costal seta present, more than twice as long as remaining costal setation . . ..4 3a (2) Epandrium without sharp tip (Austrian, Italian and Swiss Alps) ....... DR INR LL LA à etes R. nubigena Bezzi, 1904 3b Epandrium with sharp, upcurved tip (Fig. 5) (French Alps) . . R. siffointei sp. n. 4a (2) Basitarsus of mid leg curiously bent (German Alps) ................ ANTENNES T TERRES RIRES R. longirostris (Lindner, 1972) 4b D DPI Sul AS DAUAMY . ... .....:............:....,. s Sa (4) Labrum at least 1.5 times as long as head is high. (Additional character: hind femur with anteroventral setae subequally long throughout) (Austrian, Italian and Swiss Alps) ................ R. melania Becker, 1887 5b hum at most shehtiy longer than head'is high }:7.usuet sert... 6 6a (5) The first antenal segment elongated, almost three times as long as the second one. Abdomen microtrichose, hind marginal setae on sides of tergites longer than their segments. Genae broad (more than 0.06 mm) and polished. The longest anteroventral setae on hind femur situated about middle of femur, and shorter towards base and apex (Albania) ... nn ic. La mou ee roux R. moceki Sp. n. 6b The first antennal segment at most twice as long as the second one. PO Ion OP ONE CHALET JIDERCNT. 2... «4 à deu ess umo ce co 7 Ja (6) Abdomen subpolished. Mid femur with very short anteroventral setae (about half as long as femur is deep) (Israel) . . .. R. hermonensis Bartäk, 2009 7b Abdomen microtrichose. Mid femur with anteroventral setae at least as an ns en Due cos een» 8 8a (7) Prescutellar dorsocentrals strong and well differentiated. Hind tibia dorsally with setae slightly longer than tibia is deep. Larger species (wing more than 50 mm). Mid tibia without anteroventral setae LETTRE ER R. azauensis Bartäk, 1983 8b Prescutellar dorsocentrals scarcely differentiated. Hind tibia dorsally with setae three times as long as tibia is deep. Smaller species (wing less than 4.2 mm). Mid tibia with anteroventral setae (Mountains of LLPTON OT EE DCS NS TE R. danielssoni Sp. n. 100 M. BARTAK & $. KUBÏK ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This paper was supported by IRP MSM 6046070901 and NAZV project QH72151 (MZe). We thank Roy Danielsson (Lund, Sweden), Bernhard Merz (Geneva), Bohuslav Mocek (Hradec Krälové) and René Siffointe (Sallanches, France) for putting valuable specimens at our disposal. Prof. M. Chväla (Prague) kindly provided the holotype of À. pseudocrinita4 Strobl. Our special thanks are due to Bernhard Merz for many valuable comments to earlier versions of the manuscript. We thank also Mrs. Drahomfra Bartäkovä for drawing the illustrations. REFERENCES BARTAK, M. 1982. The Czechoslovak species of Rhamphomyia (Diptera, Empididae), with description of a new species from Central Europe. Acta Universitatis Carolinae - Biologica 1980 (1982): 381-461. BARTAK, M., 2001. Types of Palaearctic Rhamphomyia in Bezzi Collection (Milan), with description of a new species (Diptera, Empididae). Atti della Società italiana di scienze naturali e del Museo civico di storia naturale di Milano 141/2000 (ID): 313-327. BARTAK, M. 2007. Five new European species of the Rhamphomyia (s. str.) albosegmentata group (Diptera: Empididae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 114 (2): 417-435. FREY, R. 1954-56. 28. Empididae, Rhamphomyia (pp. 400-584). In: LINDNER, E. (ed.). Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region. Volume 4(4). E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuch- handlung, Stuttgart, 639 pp. & LVII plates. MERZ, B. & HAENNI, J. P. 2000. Morphology and terminology of adult Diptera (pp. 21-51). /n: PAPP, L. &. DARVAS, B. (eds). Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera. Volume 1. Science Herald, Budapest, 978 pp. SINCLAIR, B. 2000. Morphology and terminology of Diptera male terminalia (pp. 53-74). In: PapP, L. &. DARVAS, B. (eds). Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera. Volume 1. Science Herald, Budapest, 978 pp. REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE 117 (1): 101-110; mars 2010 Two new Harpactea species from Bulgaria (Araneae: Dysderidae) Stoyan LAZAROV & Maria NAUMOVA Institute of Zoology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1, Tsar Osvoboditel blvd, 1000-Sofia, Bulgaria. E-mails: st.lazarov68 @ gmail.com; munny@abv.bg Two new Harpactea species from Bulgaria (Araneae: Dysderidae). - Two new species of the genus Harpactea, H. mentor Sp. n. (male and female) and H. bulgarica sp. n. (male and female) from Bulgaria are described and illustrated. Both species are very closely related to each other on the basis of morphological characters and belong to the lepida species group. Their distribution and habitat preferences are also discussed. Keywords: Taxonomy - spiders - Araneae - Dysderidae - Harpactea mentor Sp. n. - Harpactea bulgarica sp. n. INTRODUCTION The spider family Dysderidae C. L. Koch, 1837 is quite species-rich in the Mediterranean region. The genus Harpactea Bristowe, 1939 currently comprises 152 species (Platnick, 2009). Alicata (1966) separated the species of Harpactea into three phyletic lines. In line 2 are placed the hombergi-group, the lepida-group and the hedschi-group. Brignoli (1978) divided the genus Harpactea into two species groups (corticalis and hombergi) and ten subgroups. Both classifications are based mainly on the conformation of male palps. The most recent classification made by Deeleman- Reinhold (1993) arranged the species of Harpactea into four species groups (corticalis, hombergi, lepida, rubicunda) using characters of the female copulatory organs. In Bulgaria sixteen species of the genus are known (Blagoev ef al., 2008; Deltshev & Blagoev, 2001; Lazarov, 2008a, b, 2009). In the last twelve years eight species were described from that country: Harpactea strandjica Dimitrov, 1997, H. deltshevi Dimitrov & Lazarov, 1999, H. srednagora Dimitrov & Lazarov, 1999, H. alexandrae Lazarov, 2006, H. samuili Lazarov, 2006, H. asparuhi Lazarov, 2008, H. kubrati Lazarov, 2008 and H. konradi Lazarov, 2009 (Dimitrov & Lazarov, 1999: Lazarov, 2006, b, 2008a, b, 2009). Three species groups sensu Deeleman-Reinhold (1993) have been recorded in the country: hombergi-group (1 species), rubicunda-group (14 species) and lepida-group (1 species). Here we describe two new species found in western Bulgaria (the Slavyanka, Lyulin and Osogovo mountains) and place them in the lepida-group. MATERIAL AND METHODS The spider material was collected by hand and by pitfall traps with 4% formalin, which were emptied once a month. Coloration is taken from formalin-preserved and Manuscript accepted 17.09.2009 102 S. LAZAROV & M. NAUMOVA alcohol-preserved specimens. AIT measurements used in the description are given in millimeters. Measurements of the legs were taken from the dorsal side. Total length of the body 1s without the chelicerae. The vulvae were dissected off and mounted on an excavated slide in lactic acid (90%). The following abbreviations are used in the text and figures: AME - anterior median eyes; male palp: AA - accessory apophysis of bulb, CO - conductor, E - embolus; vulva: AC - anterior arc, PD - posterior diverticulum, S - spermatheca, SA - sclerotised area. Coordinates of localities are given in UTM (10 x 10 km grid, MGRS: 34T). The spider material 1s deposited in: Muséum d'histoire naturelle, Genève, Switzerland (MHNG); Institute of Zoology, Sofia, Bulgaria (1ZS); National Museum of Natural History, Sofia, Bulgaria (NMNHS). TAXONOMY FAMILY DYSDERIDAE C. L. KOCH, 1837 Genus Harpactea Bristowe, 1939 DIAGNOSIS (Deeleman-Reinhold, 1993): Chelicerae: 2 rows of 2 teeth: proxi- malmost tooth on retromargin situated opposite interspace of teeth on promargin. Leg spination: patellae and tarsi of anterior legs spineless. Male palp: bulb with embolus, conductor and accessory apophysis. Female genitalia: vulva consisting of an anterior basal arch, a chitinizes reverse T-shaped receptacle (anterior spermatheca) and a posterior diverticulum. Anterior Spermatheca with anterior, rod-shaped part bearing a distal crest for attachment of muscles, the basal, transverse part fused with the arc. Harpactea mentor Sp. n. Figs 1-9, 13-15 HOLOTYPE: Male; Bulgaria, Slavyanka Mts, Alibotush Biosphere Reserve, Livade Place, UTM GL18, 1780 m, pitfall traps, 6.08-9.09.2006, leg. M. Langourov & N. Simov (MHNG). PARATYPES: 1 male, 1 female, same locality, date and collectors as for holotype (MHNG). — 1 male, above Paril Village, UTM GL18, 1300 m, hand collecting, 207.1937, leg. I. Tsonkov (IZS).— 1 male, Tsarev vrah Peak Post Ni, UTM GL18, 2000 m, hand collecting, 8.06.1936, leg. P. Drensky (IZS). — 1 male, Parilski dol Place, UTM GL18, 1000 m, pitfall traps, 14.05.- 30.06.2008, M. Langourov & N. Simov (IZS). ETYMOLOGY: Named in honour of our mentor and friend, the Bulgarian arachnologist Dr Christo Deltshev. DIAGNOSIS: The new species corresponds well to the lepida species group and its copulatory organs differ from all other species of the genus. In its body shape }H. mentor Sp. n. resembles H. lepida (C. L. Koch, 1838), H. thaleri Alicata, 1966 and H. bulgarica sp. n. It can be distinguished from H. lepida and H. thaleri by its male bulb with a thin embolus, with the lamellar part of the conductor resembling an asymmetric fish tail, and with a long, curved and apically truncated accessory apophysis. Harpactea mentor sp. n. differs from H. bulgarica sp. n. by the bigger size of its body, greater distance between the AME, by the leg spination and by the male bulb with curved embolus and longer, apically truncated accessory apophysis (Figs 1-3). The female can be recognised mainly by the anterior vulval arc with sharp lateral edges (Figs 5-6). HARPACTEA FROM BULGARIA 103 PER TEE er TJ, cie # age ep Et pe ER 4 7 + 7 ne D N AS / d . FIiGs 1-6 Harpactea mentor sp. n. (1) Left palp, prolateral view. (2) Left palp, retrolateral view. (3) Left palp, detail of tip, anterior view. (4) Eyes. (5) Vulva, ventral view. (6) Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars 0.2 mm. DESCRIPTION: Species of medium size. Carapace with smooth surface, yellow to yellow-brown. Chelicerae and sternum light brown. Sternum with hairs on periphery. Opisthosoma light grey to medium grey, long and slender. Legs yellow to yellow- brown. Male: Measurements of the holotype: total length 5.43: prosoma length 2.64, width 1.72; sternum length 1.49, width 1.07; opisthosoma length 2.79; chelicerae 104 S. LAZAROV & M. NAUMOVA length 0.88, width 0.33. Legs measurements in Table 1. Anterior cheliceral teeth equal in size and larger than the posteriors; distal posterior tooth larger than proximal ones. AME larger than other eyes. Distance between AME approximately half of their diameter (Fig. 4). Labium length two times its basal width. Leg spines: Coxae I-IV without spines. Femora I, II with 3 prolateral, III with 4 prodorsal and 4 retrodorsal, IV with 2 dorsal. Patellae I-IV without spines. Tibiae I, Il without spines, III, IV with 3 prodorsal, 3 retrodorsal, 3 proventral and 3 retro- ventral. Metatarsi I, II without spines, IT with 3 prodorsal, 3 retrodorsal, 3 proventral and 3 retroventral, IV with 4 prodorsal, 4 retrodorsal, 4 proventral and 4 retroventral. Tarsi without spines. TABLE 1. Harpactea mentor Sp. n., leg measurements [mm] of male holotype and of one female paratype (separated by a stroke). Legs Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total I 2.00/2.02 1.35/1.01 1.63/1.18 155133 0.56/0.43 1.071597 Il 1.81/1.44 12470672 1.44/0.95 1.40/1.21 0.60/0.55 6.46/4.87 I 1:53/1,30 0.84/0.69 1.07/0.87 1.351224 0.51/0.40 5.30/4.53 IV 21979 1.12/0.90 (F6371,.73 2.00/1.24 0.65/0.69 1.596535 Male palp (Figs 1-3): Tibia longer than tarsus, straight. Tarsus triangular in lateral view. AÏl segments hairy. Tegulum pear-shaped, with complicated embolar division. Embolus thin, apically truncated. Conductor with lamellar part resembling an asymmetric fish tail. Accessory apophysis long, curved and apically truncated. Female: AÏ characters as in male except for measurements and leg spination. Measurements of one female paratype: total length 4.71; prosoma length 2.11, width 1.24; sternum length 1.44, width 1.16; opisthosoma length 2.60; chelicerae length 0.81, width 0.29. Legs measurements in Table 1. Leg spines: Coxae I-IV without spines. Femur I with 2 prodorsal and 2 retro- dorsal, IT with 3 prolateral, IT with 2 dorsal, 2 prodorsal and 2 retrodorsal, IV with 2 dorsal. Patellae I-IV without spines. Tibiae I, IT without spines, IT with 4 prodorsal, 4 retrodorsal, 4 proventral and 4 retroventral, IV with 3 prodorsal, 3 retrodorsal, 3 pro- ventral and 3 retroventral. Metatarsi I, II without spines, IT with 4 prodorsal, 4 retro- dorsal, 4 proventral and 4 retroventral, IV with 5 prodorsal, 5 retrodorsal, 5 proventral and 5 retroventral. Tarsi without spines. Vulva (Figs 5-6): Spermatheca long and sclerotised, pointed in its anterior part. Anterior arc with sharp lateral edges. Posterior diverticulum unintentionally removed during dissection and indistinguishable (or broken off). EcoLoGYy: The new species occurs in the leaf litter of forests between 1000 and 2000 m altitude. Matures males were captured from May to September, the single female in August-September. DISTRIBUTION: Only known from the Slavyanka Mountain in south-western Bulgaria. HARPACTEA FROM BULGARIA 105 FIiGs 7-12 Harpactea mentor sp. n. (7-9) and H. bulgarica sp. n. (10-12). (7, 10) Left palp, prolateral view. (8, 11) Left palp, retrolateral view. (9, 12) Left palp, detail of tip, anterior view. Scale line 0.2 mm. Harpactea bulgarica sp. n. Figs 10-12, 16-24 HOLOTYPE: Male: Bulgaria, Lyulin Mts, Bonsovi Polyani Place, UTM FN82, 890 m, pitfall traps, 1.02-1.03.2002, leg. M. Naumova (MHNG). PARATYPES: 1 female, same locality, collector and date as for holotype, pitfall traps (MHNG). — 2 males, 1 female, same locality and collector as for holotype, pitfall traps, 1.03-1.04.2002 (NMNHS). — 1 male, same locality and collector as for holotype, pitfall traps, 106 S. LAZAROV & M. NAUMOVA FIGs 13-18 Harpactea mentor sp. n. (13-15) and F4. bulgarica sp. n. (16-18). (13, 16) Eyes. (14, 17) Vulva, ventral view. (15, 18) Vulva, dorsal view. Scale line 0.2 mm. 1.06-28.06.2002. — 1 male, 1 female, near Dupevitsa Peak, UTM FN82, 1010 m, pitfall traps, 23.12.2001-28.02.2002 (MHNG). — 1 male, near Dupevitsa Peak, UTM FN382, 1010-1130 m, same collector as for holotype, pitfall traps, 1.06-28.06.2002 (IZS). — 1 male, west of Chermya Kos, UTM FN82; 1010 m, same collector as for holotype, pitfall traps, 1.06-28.06.2002 (1ZS). — 1 male, 1 female, same locality and collector as for holotype, pitfall traps, 1.03.-1.04.2002 (MHNG). — 4 females, same locality and collector as for holotype, pitfall traps, 1.02-1.03.2002 (IZS).— 1 male, same locality and collector as for holotype, pitfall traps, 1.04-1.05.2001 (1ZS). — 1 female, same locality and collector as for holotype, pitfall traps, 1.02-1.03.2001 (IZS). — 1 female, same locality and collector as for holotype, pitfall traps, 2.06-31.07.2000 (IZS). — 2 females, same locality and collector as for holotype, pitfall traps, 1.09-1.10.2000 (1ZS). — 2 males, Osogovo Mts, Bogoslov Village, UTM FM37, 950 m, hand collecting, 31.05.1995, leg. G. Tsonev & B. Georgiev (1ZS). HARPACTEA FROM BULGARIA 107 FIiGs 19-24 Harpactea bulgarica sp. n. (19) Left palp, prolateral view. (20) Left palp, retrolateral view. (21) Left palp, detail of tip, anterior view. (22) Eyes. (23) Vulva, ventral view. (24) Vulva, dorsal view. ETYMOLOGY: The specific name refers to Bulgaria. DrAGNoOsIs: The new species resembles other species of the lepida group, H. lepida, H. thaleri and especially H. mentor Sp. n., and it differs from them by the following characters: smaller size of body; smaller distance between AME; different leg spination, male bulb with a thin and less curved embolus, with the lamellar part of the conductor resembling a fish tail, and with a shorter, slightly curved and apically 108 S. LAZAROV & M. NAUMOVA pointed accessory apophysis (Figs 19-21). The female can be recognised mainly by the anterior vulval arc with rounded lateral edges and by the well visible separate posterior diverticulum with an oval shape (Figs 23-24). DESCRIPTION: Species of small size. Carapace with smooth surface, yellow to yellow-brown. Chelicerae and sternum light brown. Sternum with hairs on periphery. Abdomen light grey to grey, long and slender. Legs yellow to yellow-brown. Male: Measurements: total length 3.73; prosoma length 1.68, width 1.35; ster- num length 1.16, width 0.93; opisthosoma length 2.05; chelicerae length 0.58, width 0.23. Leg measurements in Table 2. Promargin of chelicerae with two teeth of equal si- ze close to each other. Retromargin with two teeth of equal size but smaller than those on promargin. Distance between AME about a quarter of their diameter (Fig. 22). Labium length two times 1ts basal width. Leg spines: Coxae I-IV without spines. Femora I, IT with 1 prolateral; IT, IV with 3 prolateral and 2 retrolateral. Patellae I-IV without spines. Tibiae I, II without spines; IT, IV with 3 prodorsal, 3 retrodorsal, 3 proventral and 3 retroventral. Metatarsi I, Il without spines; IT with 3 prodorsal, 2 retrodorsal and 2 ventral; IV with 3 pro- dorsal, 3 retrodorsal, 4 proventral and 4 retroventral. Tarsi without spines. TABLE 2. Harpactea bulgarica Sp. n., leg measurements [mm] of male holotype and of one female paratype (separated by a stroke). Legs Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total I 1.49/1.49 0.93/1.07 1.67/1.49 1.16/1.63 0.60/0.65 5.85/6.33 Il 1.35/1.44 0.84/0.93 FOTH21 1.16/1.26 0.47/0.60 4.89/5.44 I 1.24/1.26 0.56/0.65 0.88/0.88 1.12/1.16 0.47/0.51 4.66/4.46 IV LT 0.74/0.79 1.44/1.44 1-58/1.77 0.65/0.70 6.18/6.47 Male palp (Figs 19-21): Tibia longer than tarsus, straight. Tarsus triangular in lateral view. AIl segments hairy. Tegulum pear-shaped, with complicated embolar division. Embolus straight, slightly widened apically. Conductor resembling a fish tail. Accessory apophysis short, slightly curved and apically sharp. Female: AI characters as in male except for sizes and leg spination. Measurements: total length 5.54; prosoma length 2.28, width 1.49; sternum length 1.3, width 1.02; opisthosoma length 3.26; chelicerae length 1.21, width 0.51. Leg measu- rements in Table 2. Leg spines: Coxae I-IV without spines. Femur I with 1 prolateral, IT with 2 pro- lateral; IT with 3 prodorsal and 3 retrodorsal, IV with 3 dorsal. Patellae I-IV without spines. Tibiae I, II without spines; IT with 3 prodorsal, 3 retrodorsal, 3 proventral and 3 retroventral; IV with 3 prodorsal, 3 retrodorsal, 3 proventral, 3 retroventral, 2 prola- teral and 2 retrolateral. Metatarsi I, IT without spines; III with 4 prodorsal, 4 retrodorsal and 4 ventral; IV with 4 prodorsal, 4 retrodorsal, 8 ventral. Tarsi without spines. Vulva (Figs 23-24): Long sclerotised apically truncated spermatheca with broad dorsal base. Anterior arc with rounded lateral edges. EcoLoGY: The new species occurs in the leaf litter of forests between about 900 to 1200 m altitude. Matures males and females were captured from January to September. HARPACTEA FROM BULGARIA 109 DISTRIBUTION: Only known from the Lyulin and Osogovo Mountains in western Bulgaria. DISCUSSION Deeleman-Reinhold (1993) defined the /epida species group as having “vulva: posterior diverticulum wider than long, with lightly chitinised button. Bulb with lame- shaped conductor, embolus apical, reflexed. Coxae and patellae spineless”. As defined by Deeleman-Reinhold, the group included Alicata’s /epida-group of the phyletic line 2 (Alicata, 1966) and Brignoli’s ‘“subgroup lepida” (Brignoli, 1978), except H. saeva (Herman, 1879) and H. henschi (Kulczyñski, 1915). Harpactea lepida (Europe to Moldavia), H. grisea (Canestrini, 1868) (Switzerland, Austria, Italy, Slovenia) and FH. thaleri (Switzerland, Italy) were put in this group by Deeleman-Reinhold (1993). Harpactea bulgarica Sp. n. and H. mentor Sp. n. can also be placed there. There are additional species described only from males or females, e.g. Harpactea apollinea Brignoli, 1979 (female unknown) living in continental Greece (wrong record from Bulgaria), which can be included here too. Harpactea apollinea resembles the newly described species by its characteristic lamella-shaped conductor and thin curved embolus. Since Bulgaria has been quite well sampled for spiders, H. mentor Sp. n. and H. bulgarica Sp. n. can be considered as endemics of the Slavyanka, Lyulin and Osogovo Mountains. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to express our gratitude to Dr Christo Deltshev, Dr Pavel Stoev, Dr Boyko Georgiev and Mag. Borislav Naumov for valuable discussion on the manuscript, especially to Dr Fulvio Gasparo for his review and improvement of the text, and to Dr Mario Langourov, Dr Borislav Georgiev and Mag. Nikolay Simov for providing material. Our research was funded by the Ministry of Education and Science, National Science Fund projects B-1523/05; B-1526/05, and by a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). REFERENCES ALICATA, P. 1966. Le Harpactea (Araneae, Dysderidae) della fauna italiana e considerazioni sulla loro origine. Afti della Accademia Gioenia Scienze Naturali in Catania (6)18: 190-221. BLAGOEV, G., DELTSHEV, C. & LAZAROV, S. 2008. The spiders (Araneae) of Bulgaria. /nstitute of Zoology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, online at http://cl.bas.bg/bulgarianspiders (accessed 10.09.2009). BRIGNOLI, P. M. 1978. Ragni di Turchia V. Specie nuove o interessanti, cavernicole ed epigee, di varie famiglie (Araneae). Revue suisse de Zoologie 85: 461-541. DEELEMAN-REINHOLD, C. L. 1993. The genus Rhode and the harpacteine genera Sralagtia, Folkia, Minotauria, and Kaemis (Araneae, Dysderidae) of Yugoslavia and Crete, with remarks on the genus Harpactea. Revue arachnologique 10: 105-135. DELTSHEV, C. & BLAGOEV, G. 2001. A critical check list of Bulgarian spiders (Araneae). Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 12 (3): 110-138. DIMITROV, D. & LAZAROV, S. 1999. Two new species of Harpactea from Bulgaria (Araneae: Dysderidae). Berichte des Naturwissenschaftlich-Medizinischen Vereins in Innsbruck 86: 127-129. 110 S. LAZAROV & M. NAUMOVA LAZAROV, S. 2006a. À new spider species, Harpactea samuili Sp. n., from Bulgaria (Araneae: Dysderidae). /n: DELTSHEV C. & STOEV P. (eds). European Arachnology 2005. Acta z00- logica bulgarica 1 (1): 81-85. LAZAROV, S. 2006b. A new spider species from Bulgaria, Harpactea alexandrae sp. n. (Araneae: Dysderidae). Acta zoologica bulgarica 58 (12): 13-16. LAZAROV, S. 2008a. A new spider species, Harpactea asparuhi Sp. nov., from Bulgaria (Araneae: Dysderidae). Revista Ibérica de Aracnologia 15: 25-27. LAZAROV, S. 2008b. À new spider species, Harpactea kubrati sp. n., from Bulgaria (Araneae, Dysderidae). Acta zoologica bulgarica 60 (2): 213-215. LAZAROV, S. 2009. Harpactea konradi, a new spider species from Bulgaria, (Araneae, Dysderidae). Zootaxa 2140: 33-37. PLATNICK, N. I. 2009. The world spider catalog, version 10.0. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html (accessed 10.09. 2009). REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE 117 (1): 111-119; mars 2010 Circadian activity patterns and nocturnal resting sites of Eurasian badgers (Meles meles L.) in a rural area of western Switzerland Emmanuel DO LINH SAN!, Nicola FERRARE & Jean-Marc WEBER? l Zoology and Entomology Department, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa. E-mail: emmanuel.dolinhsan@ gmail.com 2 CH-6713 Malvaglia, Switzerland. E-mail: nicola.ferrari@scent3.icec.ti-edu.ch 3 KORA, Thunstrasse 31, CH-3074 Muri, Switzerland. E-mail: mweber@bluewin.ch Circadian activity patterns and nocturnal resting sites of Eurasian badgers (Meles meles L.) in a rural area of western Switzerland. - A preliminary investigation of badger (Meles meles L.) activity patterns and nocturnal resting sites was conducted in a rural area of western Switzerland. Data were collected by radio-tracking one male and seven females for short periods, between spring and autumn, over the years 1999-2002. Badgers were active (essentially on surface) in 80.9% of nocturnal radio-locations, whereas diurnal activity (mainly underground) was recorded in 41.1% of fixes. Badgers started overground activity on average (+ SD) 1.00 +0.75h after sunset and ceased 1.50 + 1.75 h before sunrise. The duration of activity periods varied between 2.50 and 9.75 h and was not correlated with night length. Nocturnal resting occurred in 63% of nights, with a mean resting bout duration of 0.50 + 0.25 h. Badgers generally rested in the feeding patch they had been using, only joining a burrow in 3.2% of cases. Our results suggest that, in rural areas, the choice of nocturnal resting sites 1s largely influenced by foraging activity. Keywords: Eurasian badger - Meles meles - activity rhythm - nocturnal resting sites - time budget - sett - agricultural area - western Switzerland. INTRODUCTION Eurasian badgers (Meles meles L.) are semi-fossorial mustelids which show extreme plasticity in their diet and socio-spatial organization (recent review in Do Linh San, 2006). Until the 1990s, most studies on the behavioural ecology of badgers had been conducted in Great Britain, where these medium-sized carnivores often live at high density and form territorial groups (e.g. Rogers ef al., 1997; Macdonald & Newman, 2002; Palphramand ef al., 2007). However, considering the large diversity of habitats found in Europe and the potential of detecting interesting intraspecific variation in some major behavioural parameters, several research projects were then carried out throughout the continent, often dealing with the spatial ecology of badgers (e.g. Broseth et al., 1997; Hofmann et al., 2000; Revilla & Palomares, 2002; KowalczyKk et al., 2003b; Rosalino ef al., 2004; Do Linh San ef al., 2007a). Manuscript accepted 30.11.2009 F2 E. DO LINH SAN ET AL. Badger activity rhythms have also been investigated, with studies conducted in habitats as diverse as suburban environments (Harris, 1982; Cresswell & Harris, 1988), forest ecosystems (Kowalczyk ef al., 2003a), mountainous regions (Do Linh San ef al., 2007b) and semi-arid areas of southern Europe (Rodriguez et al., 1996; Rosalino et al., 2005). However, considering that agricultural landscapes constitute the main badger habitat in western and central Europe, relatively little attention has been paid yet to the activity patterns of rural badgers (Zabala ef al., 2002; Gosczynsky et al., 2005) and vitually nothing is known of their temporal behaviour in landscapes dominated by cereal farming. Furthermore, although the literature generally contains information on activity and time budgets, few authors studied the repartition between overground and underground activity/rest (Do Linh San ef al., 2007b) or the choice of nocturnal resting sites (Harris, 1982). The purpose of this work was therefore to describe the circadian activity patterns of badgers in an agricultural region typical of western Europe (Broye region, Switzerland). We radio-tracked badgers between spring and autumn to determine 1) the onset, duration and offset of their activity period(s), 11) their activity types and iii) the occurrence, number, duration and temporal distribution of resting bouts during their activity period(s). We also determined in which habitat types nocturnal rest took place, and if this occurred over- or underground. STUDY AREA This research was carried out in the Broye, a rural region located in western Switzerland (46°52° N,6°56° E). The landscape of our 74-km2 study area is generally flat with small hills ranging in elevation from 430 to 725 m. Open fields devoted to farming activity (mainly cereals, tobacco, beets and potatoes) cover 73% of the total area. Only 15% of the region is represented by forest patches, copses, hedges and a long stretch of riverine forest along the south bank of Lake Neuchâtel. Infrastructures and residential areas occupy 9.9% of the study area, whereas the remaining 1.3% 1s covered by marshland. The climate is characterized by cold, dry winters with average winter temperature and precipitation of 1.6° € and 141.0 mm, respectively. Summers are hot with average temperature and precipitation of 20.4° C and 272 mm, respec- tively. During the study period, annual average temperature was 9.9° C and total annual precipitation averaged 944 mm (data collected at the Meteorological Station of Payerne). MATERIAL AND METHODS TRAPPING AND RADIO-TRACKING Between July 1999 and July 2002, eight badgers (Table 1: F20 was captured twice) were neck-snared at six breeding setts (burrows) in the study area. Badgers were anaesthetized with an injection of ketamin hydrochloride, weighed, sexed and aged following Stubbe (1965). Each animal was fitted with an activity-monitoring trans- mitter (Wildlife Materials, Murphysboro, IL, USA and Biotrack, Wareham, Dorset, UK; frequency: 148-149 MHz) weighing 90-120 g and released at the capture site after a period of recovery of one to three hours. ACTIVITY OF BADGERS IN RURAL SWITZERLAND 113 TABLE 1. Sex, age at capture, group affiliation, tracking period, and number of nocturnal continuous radio-tracking sessions for the badgers under study Individual Sex Age Group affiliation Tracking period No.of No. of noc- (dd.mm.yy) tracking turnal tracking days sessions F36 Female Cubl! Forel Lac 30.07.99 — 01.08.99 3 | F37 Female Adult Forel Lac 29.07.99 — 26.08.99 29 3 F19 Female Adult Chevroux 09.04.00 — 03.06.01 1672 0 F20 (a)* Female Adult Morens, Payerne 30.04.00 — 19.08.00 112 45 F20 (b)é Female Adult Payerne 19.05.01 — 300601 43 2 F22 Female Adult Morens 28.04.01 —- 230601 57 3 F45 Female Cubl Rueyres 12.08.02 — 03.11.02 84 3 F46 Female Adult Cugy 29.03.02 — 06.08.02 131 10 M14 Male Subadult Cugy 03.06.02 — 21.07.02 49 I Total — — — 675 27 l Cubs were 6 to 10-month old when radio-tracked, and therefore almost adult-sized. 2 No tracking data were collected over the period October 2000 to March 2001. ? F19 could not be tracked with enough accuracy at night, as the collar signal was too weak (probable material defect). + F20 moved from Morens’s to Payerne’s social unit during the tracking period. $ One additional emergence time was collected for this individual. 6 F20 was retrapped in 2001 and equipped with a new radio-collar. RADIO-TRACKING AND DETERMINATION OF ACTIVITY PATTERNS Activity of radio-tagged badgers was recorded by means of a portable telemetry receiver (Yaesu, Model FT-290RII distributed by A. Wagener, Cologne, D) and a 3-element folding antenna. Collared individuals could only be monitored for short time periods (from three days to five months and a half), from spring to autumn, because they were killed on the road (N = 2), their collar slipped off (N = 2) or their transmitter failed prematurely (N = 4). In this paper, the terms “day”/”diurnal” and “night”/”nocturnal” refer to the ti- me intervals between sunrise and sunset, and sunset and sunrise, respectively. Activity rhythms of badgers under study were evaluated with 1) 568 punctual activity fixes recorded between 08:00 and 20:00, and 11) 987 activity fixes collected during 27 noc- turnal continuous radio-tracking sessions (Table 1). Generally one, but sometimes up to three diurnal activity fixes (morning, midday, afternoon) were recorded on the same day for a specific animal. Nocturnal radio-tracking sessions started about one hour before sunset, and ended approximately one hour after sunrise or when badger over- ground activity ceased. Variations in radio-signal pulse rate were used to determine whether badgers were moving (active) or not (inactive). The marked variations in signal intensity and a combination of the triangulation and homing techniques (Priede & Swift, 1992) were employed to establish if badgers were located over- or under- ground. As during nocturnal tracking sessions activity fixes were taken every 15 min (while monitoring the signal for between 2 and 5 min), badgers were therefore consi- dered as either active or inactive for 15-min periods. We distinguished four categories of behaviour while radio-tracking badgers: i) overground activity (animal active on surface), 11) underground activity (animal active in a sett), ii) overground resting (animal inactive on surface), iv) underground resting (animal inactive in a sett). 114 E. DO LINH SAN ET AL. The activity period (AP) was defined as the span of time between the first emer- gence and the final return to a sett. Here again, emergence and return times could be determined owing to the drastic variations (increase and decrease, respectively) in radio-signal intensity, the change in pulse rate (faster and slower, respectively) and the use of the triangulation and homing techniques. As some badgers used overground resting sites to spend the day, start and end of their APs were defined as the time corresponding to the last (evening) or the first (morning) location in the resting place, respectively. To limit biases due to the tracking of badgers in these two different conditions, and because of the sampling regime adopted, average values were rounded off to the nearest 15 min. Due to the small sample size, activity data were pooled over all individuals. For this reason and because of the strong bias in sex ratio (one male for seven females; Table 1), the results presented in this paper must be considered with some caution, and only constitute a preliminary description of the circadian activity patterns of badgers living in the Broye region. DATA ANALYSIS Figures are reported as the mean + SD. For the purpose of seasonal compari- sons, activity data were attributed to one of the three following periods: spring (April- May), summer (June-July) and autumn (August-October). Hourly variations in the pro- portions of the different types of activity were investigated with a Chi-square test of homogeneity. Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare seasonal variations in activity parameters. À possible association between AP duration and night length was investigated with a Spearman'’s rank correlation. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Like most European wild carnivores (Macdonald, 1995), the badger 1s essen- tially crepuscular and nocturnal. Observations made in the Broye region do not depart from this pattern. Indeed, over the study period, badger activity periods (APS: N = 27) started on average 1.00 + 0.75 h after sunset and ended 1.50 + 1.75 h before sunrise. As a whole, 93% of APs started after sunset and 89% of them ceased before sunrise. However, as reported in other studies (Zabala ef al., 2002; KowalczyKk ef al., 2003a;: Rosalino et al., 2005; Do Linh San et al., 2007b), we recorded large variations in the start and cessation of APs: the onset of APs occurred from 0.50 h before to 4.00 h after sunset, whereas APs ceased from 5.50 h before to 1.25 h after sunrise. Consequently, the duration of APS was also very variable, ranging from 2.50 to 9.75 h, with an ave- rage Of 6.75 + 1.75 h. APs were significantly shorter in spring (5.25 + 1.75h;: N=11) than in summer (7.25 + 1.00 h; N = 10; Mann-Whitney U test, p < 0.01) and autumn (8.25 + 1.00 h; N = 6; p = 0.001). However, as sample size is very small and biased toward females, the latter results would require to be confirmed by a more exhaustive study involving several individuals of both sexes. Badger activity rhythms have been shown or hypothesized to be affected by many factors, among them night length, vegetation cover, climatic conditions and food availability (Neal & Cheeseman, 1996). Although no significant correlation was found between AP duration and night length in our small sample (Spearman’s rank corre- lation, p > 0.05), food availability, in conjunction with other factors, probably affected ACTIVITY OF BADGERS IN RURAL SWITZERLAND 115 badger activity rhythms. Indeed, in summer, badgers showed a tendency to start and end their APS earlier (in average 0.50 h) than during other seasons. In addition, emer- gences and returns by daylight were almost exclusively registered during the dry summertime, When night length 1s shortest, food availability low (Fischer et al., 2005) and vegetation cover denser (Do Linh San, 2004). Basic data on badger activity budget have been collected in different habitats, and the regional variations observed are probably related to the above-mentioned factors, notably food avaïlability and climatic conditions (KowalczyK ef al., 2003a). In the food-rich suburbs of Bristol (UK), nocturnal activity ranged from 35 to 65% between April and October (Harris, 1982). In rural and forested areas of Poland (cold regions), as well as in Portugal (low food availability, arid climate), nocturnal activity recorded from spring to autumn varied from 35 to nearly 100% (Kowalczyk ef al., 2003a; Goszczynsky ef al., 2005; Rosalino ef al., 2005). In the Swiss Jura Mountains (cold region), diurnal activity averaged 3% and nocturnal activity 57%; these annual figures, however, are largely influenced by the lower activity levels recorded during winter (Do Linh San ef al., 2007b). In the Broye region, the activity budget was similar during the night (80.09%; N = 1000 fixes) but much higher during the day (41.1%; N = 555). The lowest level of activity (8.7%) was observed between 13:00 and 13:59, whereas activity peaked (93.9%) between 21:00 and 21:59 (Fig. 1). During the day, badgers rested in 46.5% of the cases in a sett, whereas 124% of the locations corresponded to animals resting on surface. Overground daybeds were generally loca- ted in rape, wheat and maize fields (Do Linh San, 2004). These results contrast with data collected in a nearby semi-rural area (Saint-Blaise-Cressier-Thielle), where no badger was found resting above ground during the day (Weber & Ferrari, 2005). In the latter study site, the proportion of agricultural surfaces (40%) is almost twice smaller than in the Broye region (73%), what might partly explain the differences observed, if badgers specifically require the protection of crops to rest overground during the day. Although diurnal activity was unexpectedly high, it mostly took place in a sett (29.7% of diurnal fixes) rather than overground (114%). In addition, diurnal activity on surface was associated to movements of badgers in their overground daybeds, and was not the result of foraging activity (with the above-mentioned exception of early mornings and late afternoons). At night, badgers were mainly active on surface (62.9% of nocturnal locations), while underground activity was only recorded in 18% of fixes. Rest indifferently took place in a burrow (114%) or above ground (7.7%). However, when considering the behaviour of badgers solely during APs (N = 775), rest occurred on surface (7.8% of fixes) rather than underground (0.1%). Underground activity (24%) was rare too, as compared with the 89.7% of the time devoted to overground activity. The observed hourly proportions of the different activity types varied in a highly significant way (Chi-square test of homogeneity, X2 = 924.0, df = 69, p < 0.001: Fig). Whereas badgers are active during the whole AP in many parts of Europe (Kruuk, 1989: Kowalczyk ef al., 2003a; Goszczcynski et al., 2005; Rosalino er al., 2005), other studies, like the present one, highlighted that badger nocturnal activity may be interspersed with resting periods (e.g. Zabala et al., 2002; Do Linh San er al., 2007b). In our study area, rest was recorded in 63% of APs. The number of resting 116 E. DO LINH SAN ET AL. E Overground activity B Underground activity OI Overground resting O Underground resting % Activity / Rest 12:13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20/21 22,53 D A. 203 D 56 7 DIS OT Hour FIG. 1 Circadian activity rhythm of badgers from the Broye region expressed as proportions (%) of the four major activity types according to one-hour classes and for which on average 65 + 37 fixes (range: 22-126) were recorded. The overall 1555 activity fixes were collected between 29 March and 3 November over the years 1999 to 2002. bouts per AP (1.15 + 1.13; range: 0-4; N = 27), their duration (0.50 + 0.25 h; range: 0.25-2.00 h; N = 31) and the total time allocated to nocturnal resting (0.50 + 0.75 h per AP: range: 0-2.75 h; N = 27) was very stable between seasons (Kruskall-Wallis test, p > 0.1). Both the occurrence of resting bouts and the number of 15-min periods of inactivity peaked between 01:00 and 01:59 (Fig. 2). A single study provided data on the choice of nocturnal resting sites. In sub- urban Bristol, Harris (1982) found that badgers mainly rested underground (77.3%) during the night, either returning to the main sett, joining an outlying sett or taking shelter under sheds and summerhouses. Resting places on surface, under bushes or hedges, were used less frequently (22.7%). The results obtained in the Broye region diverge from this pattern. Indeed, nocturnal rest mainly took place above ground in cultivated fields (77.4% of the recorded nocturnal resting bouts; N = 31) such as rape, wheat and maize plantations. Forests/forest edges (12.9%), hedges and bushes (3.2%) and pastures (3.2%) were less frequently used during periods of rest. These obser- vations are in agreement With habitat selection data of foraging badgers in the study area. The same radio-tracked individuals indeed positively selected rape, wheat and maize plantations during their feeding periods (Do Linh San, 2004). Therefore, it seems that the choice of nocturnal resting sites is largely influenced by foraging acti- vity. Indeed, nocturnal rest intervened in 77.4% of the cases in a patch that had been previously and/or was subsequently actively exploited for food during at least 0.25 h (maximum: 2.25 h). In the remaining 22.6% of situations, animals moved to a parti- cular location to rest, among them only once in an outlying sett (3.2%). Further studies ACTIVITY OF BADGERS IN RURAL SWITZERLAND 117 O Number of resting bouts Bi Number of 15-min periods of inactivity intensity of nocturnal resting Ph, 2021 22202310 Qr 11 2e 09 (ETASSMNE FIG. 2 Distribution of the 31 resting bouts and 56 15-min periods of inactivity recorded during badger activity periods. Tracking sessions (N = 27) were conducted between April and October over the years 1999 to 2002. are needed to establish if the choice of nocturnal resting sites is primarily determined by badger foraging activities, and to establish if departures from such a postulated general pattern is possibly influenced by human presence and disturbances, or other (perceived) threats. If so, this could explain why the suburban badgers studied by Harris (1982) preponderantly use setts to rest during the night. In addition, this behaviour might be favoured in badger populations possessing small home ranges (as is the case in the suburbs of Bristol), where returning or moving to a sett to rest at night probably requires only little time and energy. Because adult females represent the vast majority of fixes (Table 1) collected in the Broye region, it is also possible that this unusual resting behaviour 1s influenced by the reproductive status of this sex, and not representative of the local badgers as a whole. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We wish to thank Claude Mermod for his financial and logistical support, as well as for the supervision of this study. We are also grateful to Anne-Sylvie Durussel, Pierre Henrioux and Carlo Biancardi for their assistance in the field, and to Martial Fontana and the late Laurent Nemitz for manufacturing the snares. Meteorological data were kindly provided by Olivier Duding (Service de Climatologie, MétéoGenève). The manuscript was improved by useful comments from Manuel Ruedi and four ano- nymous reviewers. This study was conducted under a licence delivered by Swiss authorities. 118 E. DO LINH SAN ET AL. REFERENCES BROSETH, H., KNUTSEN, B. & BEVANGER, K. 1997. Spatial organization and habitat utilization of badgers Meles meles: effects of food patch dispersion in the boreal forest of central Norway. Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde 62: 12-22. CRESSWELL, W. J. & HARRIS, S. 1988. The effects of weather conditions on the movements and activity of badgers (Meles meles) in a suburban environment. Journal of Zoology, London 216: 187-194. DO LiNH SAN, E. 2004. Biologie et écologie du blaireau européen (Meles meles) dans une population de faible densité (Broye, Suisse). Thèse de doctorat, Université de Neuchâtel, 310 pp (non publié). Do LiNH SAN, E. 2006. Le Blaireau d’Eurasie: description, comportement, vie sociale, pro- tection, observation. Delachaux et Niestlé, Paris, 224 pp. Do LINH SAN, E., FERRARI, N. & WEBER, J.-M. 2007a. Socio-spatial organization of Eurasian badgers (Meles meles) in a low-density population of Central Europe. Canadian Journal of Zoology 85: 973-984. Do LINH SAN, E., FERRARI, N. & WEBER, J.-M. 2007b. 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Annual and circadian activity pat- terns of badgers Meles meles in Biatowieza Primeval Forest (eastern Poland) compared with other Palaearctic populations. Journal of Biogeography 30: 463-472. KOWALCZYK, R., ZALEWSKI, A., JEDRZEJEWSKA, B. & JEDRZEJEWSKI, W. 2003b. Spatial orga- nization of badgers (Meles meles) in Biatowieza Primeval Forest, Poland, and the influence of earthworms on badger densities in Europe. Canadian Journal of Zoology 81: 74-87. KRUUK, H. 1989. The social badger: ecology and behaviour of a group-living carnivore. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 155 pp. MACDONALD, D. W. 1995. European mammals: evolution and behaviour. HarperCollins, London, 352 pp. MACDONALD, D. W. & NEWMAN, C. 2002. Badger (Meles meles) population dynamics in Oxfordshire, UK: numbers, density and cohort life histories, and a possible role of climate change in population growth. Journal of Zoology, London 256: 121-138. NEAL, E. G. & CHEESEMAN, C. 1996. Badgers. T & AD Poyser, London, 271 pp. PALPHRAMAND, K. L., NEWTON-CROSS, G. & WHITE, P. C. L. 2007. Spatial organization and behaviour of badgers (Meles meles) in a moderate-density population. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 61: 401-413. PRIEDE, I. G. & SWIFT, S. M. (eds) (1992). Wildlife Telemetry. Remote Monitoring and Tracking of Animals. Ellis Horwood, New York, 500 pp. REVILLA, E. & PALOMARES, F. 2002. Spatial organization, group living and ecological correlates in low-density populations of Eurasian badgers, Meles meles. Journal of Animal Ecology 71: 497-512. ACTIVITY OF BADGERS IN RURAL SWITZERLAND 119 RODRIGUEZ, A., MARTIN, R. & DELIBES, M. 1996. Space use and activity in a mediterranean population of badgers Meles meles. Acta Theriologica 41: 59-72. ROGERS, L. M., CHEESEMAN, C. L. & MALLINSON, P. J. 1997. The demography of a high-density badger (Meles meles) population in the west of England. Journal of Zoology, London 242: 705-728. ROSALINO, L. M., MACDONALD, D. W. & SANTOS-REIS, M. 2004. Spatial structure and land-cover use in a low-density Mediterranean population of Eurasian badgers. Canadian Journal of Zoology 82: 1493-1502. ROSALINO, L. M., MACDONALD, D. W. & SANTOS-REIS, M. 2005. Activity rhythms, movements and patterns of sett use by badgers, Meles meles, in a Mediterranean woodland. Mammalia 69: 395-408. STUBBE, M. 1965. Zur Biologie der Raubtiere eines abgeschlossenen Waldgebietes. Zeitschrift für Jagdwissenschaft 11: 73-102. WEBER, J.-M. & FERRARI, N. 2005. Badger Meles meles setts in the Swiss Jura Mountains: characteristics and utilization patterns. Revue suisse de Zoologie 112: 677-687. ZABALA, J., ZUBEROGOITIA, [., GARIN, I. & AIHARTZA, J. R. 2002. Seasonal activity patterns of badgers (Meles meles) related to food availability and requirements. Estudios del Museo de Ciencas Naturales de Alada 17: 201-207. IC : RE rer be — Crnmives W.4 Et 00 \oimot, idea [Ar EN Sen. 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F 2001: Sonia cp jcg0 Iutoté ef TAN Er RREns (té & À PCA REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE 117 (1): 121-141; mars 2010 The spitting spider family Scytodidae in Thailand, with descriptions of three new Dictis species (Araneae) Pakawin DANKITTIPAKUL & Tippawan SINGTRIPOP Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thaïland. E-mail: pakawin @ gmail.com, scbo1020@chiangmar.ac.th The spitting spider family Scytodidae in Thaïland, with descriptions of three new Dicfis species (Araneae). - Nine spider species belonging to the genus Dictis L. Koch and presumably to the genus Scytodes Latreille were collected from forests of Thaïland. Three of them are new (Dictis elongata Sp. n., D. denticulata Sp. n., and D. thailandica sp. n.), two are known spe- cies for which morphological variation and extended geographic ranges are recorded (Scytodes fusca and S. mawphlongensis), and a further four species known only from one sex are illustrated and provisionally described using open nomenclature (three Dictis and one Scytodes species). Keywords: Southeast Asia - zoogeography - biodiversity - new record. INTRODUCTION This paper deals with scytodid species collected in Thaïland that have not pre- viously been documented. It 1s the first in a series on faunistic and taxonomic studies on the Southeast Asian spitting spiders preserved and maintained in the collection of the Muséum d'histoire naturelle de la Ville de Genève, Switzerland (MHNG). Several scytodid species were recognized and illustrated from South and Southeast Asia, including Dictis striatipes L. Koch, 1872 (China to Australia), Scytodes thoracica (Latreille, 1802) (China, Korea, Japan), S. mawphlongensis Tikader, 1966 (Nepal and India), S. univittata Simon, 1882 (Burma and India), S. ve- nusta (Thorell, 1890) (Sri Lanka to Java), S. magna Bristowe, 1952, S. cavernarum Roewer, 1962 and S. lugubris (Thorell, 1887) (Malaysia), S. pallida Doleschall, 1859 (India, China, and southwards to New Guinea). Scytodes gilva (Thorell, 1887) (Burma and India) was originally described in the genus Dictis L. Koch. Scytodes stoliczkai Simon, 1897 (India) is known from the female type only. Scytodes grammocephala Simon, 1909 was recorded from Vietnam and no further information has become avai- lable since 1ts original description. Brignoli (1976) provided an insightful introduction to the taxonomy of the family Scytodidae with a critical review of the species known at that time. Lehtinen (1986) subsequently published a perspective view on the evolu- tion of the superfamily Scytodoidea and provided illustrations of some widespread spe- cies which are also known to occur in this region. These taxa are S. fusca Walckenaer, Manuscript accepted 21.10.2009 122 P. DANKITTIPAKUL & T. SINGTRIPOP 1837 (pantropical), S. longipes Lucas, 1844 (pantropical) and S. magna (Malaysia). Lately, Deeleman-Reinhold (1989) gave the description and illustrations of an un- named Scytodes species from Borneo. More recently, Ono (1995) established the genus Stedocys to accommodate peculiar scytodid species with extremely elongated legs and primitive palpal morphology from Thailand and Malaysia. No further taxonomic publications on Southeast Asian Scytodes were produced since then. Four groups are recognized on the basis of female genital morphology. Members of group A (Dictis spp.) possess a typical paired vulva, each side consisting of three main parts (Figs 1-12, 16, 22, 24, 26): (1) the sclerotized funnel-shaped intro- ductory atrium (A, Fig. 24), (2) the stalked receptaculum (R, Figs 24, 26-37), and (3) the digitiform posterior pouch (P, Fig. 24). Group B currently consists of only two species (D. fthailandica Sp. n. and an undescribed species from Malaysia) that closely resemble those of group € in which the posterior pouch is absent and the introductory atrium is entirely membranous (Figs 28-30). The atrium 1s represented by an inflated sac-like bursa. Group € accommodates only a single species, S. mawphlongensis, which has a peculiar genital modification (Figs 27, 34-35): both introductory atria being entirely membranous and medially fused with each other; the posterior pouch is absent. The female genitalia of group D (S. fusca and an unnamed species from Sarawak) exhibit an extreme modification in which the receptaculum is represented by a slender, thick-walled, heavily perforated tubular stalk with a small, membranous head (Figs 31-33). The posterior pouch 1s also absent and the introductory atrium is greatly reduced. The shape of the ventral scutulae (situated posterior to the epigastric furrow) 1s not taken into account because it is of minor taxonomic value and varies greatly among members of the same species or even on both sides the same individual (Fig. 1). The bristles situated in the female genital region are usually elongate and slender. This 1s not the case in S. fusca where the bristles are feather-like and provided with minute branches along their entire length (Fig. 56). The modified bristles of S. mawphlongensis are further developed: they have numerous branches basally, whereas the apical portion is unusually elongate and looks like a spigot (Figs 57-58). As another form of modification, club-shaped bristles (Figs 53-54) can be found on the dorsum of the opisthosoma in males collected in southern Thailand (Scytodes sp. A). The modi- fication of these bristles is of interest but its taxxonomic value cannot be established at this stage. These differences found among species currently placed in Scytodes suggest that the taxon is paraphyletic and needs to be divided into several monophyletic clades. Faunistic and biological information on these spiders 1s still imcomplete. MATERIAL AND METHODS External morphology was examined, measured and drawn with an Olympus SZX-9 stereomicroscope and an Olympus BX-40 equipped with a drawing tube and photographic devices. Measurements of leg segments were taken from the dorsal side. AIl measurements are in millimetres; leg measurements are given in the following order: total (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus). Female genitalia were drawn in SPITTING SPIDERS OF THAILAND 123 natural and cleared state (after immersing in 90% lactic acid for 10-20 minutes). Illustrations are of specimens from Thailand, unless otherwise indicated. Type specimens will be deposited in the collections of the Muséum d'histoire naturelle de la Ville de Genève, Switzerland (MHNG) and of the Thailand Natural History Museum, National Science Museum, Pathumthani Province, Thailand (TNHM). Abbreviations used in the text and in the figures are as follows: À, introductory atrium of vulva; GP, glandular pore; P, posterior pouch of vulva; RH, head of recepta- culum; RS, stalk of receptaculum. In the text ‘Fig.’ and “Figs” refer to figures herein, while ‘fig.’ and “figs” refer to figures published elsewhere. TAXONOMY Family Scytodidae Blackwall, 1864 REMARKS: Some confusion exists concerning the classification of Scytodes which was originally established by Latreille in 1804. The genus Scyrodes has caused taxonomic problems and misinterpretations since its introduction over two hundred years ago. It has long been an expedient depository for those scytodids that do not ex- hibit any remarkable divergent characters. Scytodes thoracica (Latreille, 1802), the ty- pe species of the type genus of the family Scytodidae, has been more often misidenti- fied than correctly identified during the history of arachnology (Lehtinen, personal communication). Numerous publications on scytodids were not based on a comparison of types but on an interpretation of the taxa concerned. These errors were perpetuated by many subsequent authors. Furthermore, subadult females with sclerotized pre- epigyna have been mistaken for adults, which consequently resulted in the creation of synonyms. Scytodidae is one of the moderately diversified spider families which has never been revised. Placement of the Thai scytodids treated in the present study 1s provisional pending a generic revision of the family Scytodidae. P. Lehtinen and the first author (PD) intend to divide the subfamily Scytodinae into two main groups: those genera With three tarsal claws on their legs, including the genus Scytodes and related new genera, and those with only two tarsal claws, represented by the genus Dictis. Group A SPECIES INCLUDED: Dictis elongata Sp. n., D. denticulata Sp. n., Dictis Sp. A, Dictis sp. B, Dictis sp. C. Genus Dictis L. Koch, 1872 TYPE SPECIES: Dictis striatipes L. Koch, 1872, by original designation and monotypy. REMARKS: The genus Dictis Was until now monotypic, containing only one species, D. striatipes L. Koch, 1872, known from northeastern China to the Easter Islands and New Caledonia. Members of the genus Dictis possess two tarsal claws on their legs, whereas Scytodes has three. Dictis sensu L. Koch includes several lineages 124 P. DANKITTIPAKUL & T. SINGTRIPOP which need to be separated into genera. Currently the presence of only two tarsal claws is the main diagnostic character for this genus. L. Koch (1872: 294-296) provided a detailed description of these claws: one is stated to have a single row of teeth, the other provided with two rows of teeth. This feature was especially mentioned in relation to Loxosceles Heineken & Lowe (now in Sicariidae), as L. Koch believed that Dictis is some kind of "transition" between Loxosceles and Scytodes. F.O.P.-Cambridge (1899: 48) stated that Loxosceles ‘resembles Scytodes in the possession of a tarsal onychium and of a similarly constructed stridulating-apparatus’. However, this pattern of dentate claws also presents in a number of scytodid species which cannot be placed in Dictis (Lehtinen, personal communication). Unfortunately, the considerable variability of female and male genital organs was not discussed in the original description of the genus given by L. Koch. The genus Dictis was removed from the synonymy of Scytodes by Saaristo (1997: 56). He did not give an emended diagnosis for Dictis, but provided an extensi- ve discussion about the state of taxonomy in Scytodidae and placed most scytodids from the Seychelles in the genus Scytodes. Although Saaristo (1997: 56) mentioned in his diagnoses of the Seychellian Dictis species the presence of ‘slightly dentate ridges on tarsal claws”, this character 1s not diagnostic for the genus Dictis, but only to some, possibly not related species (Lehtinen, personal communication). The scytodid species with two tarsal claws treated in the present study are tentatively placed in Dictis pending a suprageneric revision of the family Scytodidae. Dictis elongata Sp. n. Figs 5, 11, 13-16,46,51 HOLOTYPE: d , Northeastern Thailand, Loei Province, Phu Ruea National Park, park headquarters (17°28.83'N, 101°21.33'E), 860 m, sifting, 5-8.vi1.2006, leg. P. Dankittipakul [MANG!]. PARATYPES: Same data as for holotype, 24 [TNHM].- Sakon Nakhon Province, Phu Pha Yon National Park, deciduous dipterocarp forest (16°55.45'N, 104°10.76'E), 300 m, 19 , Malaise trap, 17-23.vii.2006, leg. P. Dankittipakul [MHNGl}; ibidem, 29, 23-29.vii.2006 [MHNG, TNHMI. ETYMOLOGY: The specific epithet refers to the extraordinarily elongated em- bolic part of the male palpal organ. DIAGNOSIS: Males of D. elongata Sp. n. are recognized by the male bulb, which is basally ovoid and provided with an unusually elongated, curved embolus (Figs 15, 46). Males are somewhat similar to those of S. venusta (S. venusta actually belongs to Dictis and will be formally transferred in a separate paper) in possessing a lengthened, aciculate embolus curving ventrad, but in D. elongata sp. n. the embolus is gradually narrowing towards the apex, whereas in S. venusta the margins are more or less parallel. Males can be distinguished from those of S. fusca by the distinctly elongate embolus tipped by a translucent terminal flange (Figs 14, 51) instead of a semicircular subterminal ridge. Females of D. elongata sp. n. can be recognized by the rather simple internal structure of the vulva and the digitiform posterior pouch which is large and directed anteriad (Figs 5, 11, 16). They can be distinguished from those of the closely related D. denticulata Sp. n. by the posterior pouch being larger, extending beyond the heavily sclerotized introductory atrium. SPITTING SPIDERS OF THAILAND 125 DESCRIPTION: Male (holotype): Prosoma 4.1 long, 3.3 wide. Leg measurements: I 16.0 (48, 5) 187768,0927,38,12}, D1129(5.1,0.8, 40; 3.9, 1.1), IV 13.9 (43, 0.8, 3.8, 3.8, 1.2). Pattern and coloration (F1g. 13). Prosoma strongly convex, in profile highest in the middle, slightly longer than wide. Opisthosoma elongate ovoid, clothed with fine bristles. Carapace yellowish, provided with dark purplish pattern: thin median band extending over approximately % length of prosoma, laterally with paired elongate U-shaped bands extending further behind; marginally with two thin bands encircling the prosoma. Dorsum of opisthosoma yellowish, posteriorly with a series of 5 narrow, medially disconnected bands running transversely, anteriorly with a short, slender band running medio-longitudinally over cardiac region. Legs yellowish; femora and tibiae with purplish brown longitudinal bands situated prolaterally, other leg segments with irregular color pattern. Male palp (Figs 14-15, 46, 51). Palpal femora cylindrical, anteromedially with a small, sclerotized apophysis with blunt apex. Cymbium with two spiniform distal setae. Bulb ovoid; embolic part long and strongly curved, gradually narrowing towards its apex, directing ventrad, approximately 2 times longer than basal part, apically with translucent ridge. Female (paratype from Sakon Nakhon Province): Prosoma 3.9 long, 3.0 wide. Leg measurements: I 15.4 (4.6, 0.8, 4.4, 4.5, 1.1), II 12.6 (3.5, 0.8. 3.6, 3.7, 1.0), III 2202,08539,38,10)1V135(41;08, 3.7,3.8, 1.1). Pattern and coloration. Prosoma strongly convex, in profile highest in the middle, slightly longer than wide. Opisthosoma elongate ovoid. Carapace yellowish, provided with a thin median band extending over approximately # length of prosoma, laterally with paired elongate U-shaped bands extending further behind; marginally with two thin bands encircling the prosoma. Dorsum of opisthosoma yellowish, poste- riorly with a series of narrow, medially disconnected bands running transversely, anteriorly with a short band running medio-longitudinally over cardiac region, surrounded by irregularly arranged purplish lines. Legs yellowish; femora and tibiae with purplish brown prolateral longitudinal bands, other leg segments pale, with irregular color pattern. Female genitalia (Figs 5, 11, 16). Epigastric furrow slightly excavated medially, lightly sclerotized basolaterally, internally membranous, with large glandular pores. Atrium funnel-shaped, proximal part narrowed, with membranous wall, the rest heavily sclerotized, glandular pores situated anteriorly. Posterior pouch digitiform, relatively broad, slightly bent anteriad. Receptaculum with stalk elongated, tubular, thick-walled, slightly enlarged posteriorly; glandular pores presented on receptacular head. NATURAL HISTORY: Dictis elongata Sp. n. inhabits deciduous dipterocarp forests with a relatively sparse canopy. DISTRIBUTION: Known from two localities in northeastern Thailand. 126 P. DANKITTIPAKUL & T. SINGTRIPOP Dictis denticulata Sp. n. Figs 1,3,9,417220:497550:52 HOLOTYPE: d , Northeastern Thailand, Chaiyaphum Province, Tad Tone National Park, dry dipterocarp forest (15°59.037'N, 102°2.103'E), 250 m, 26.ix.2006 [MHNG1]. PARATYPES: Tad Tone National Park, forest behind park headquarters (15°58.538'N 102°02.153'E), 280 m: 14,29, pan trap, 10.-11.vii.2006 [MHNG\; ibidem, 16 , pan trap, 5.- 8.x1.2006 [MHNG|; ibidem, 19, Malaise trap, 19-26.vii.2006. — Loei Province, Phu Ruea National Park, park headquarters (17°28.826'N, 101°21.330'E), 860 m, 16, pan traps, 5.- 6.V11.2006 [MHNG]. — Loei Province, Phu Kradueng National Park, Koke Hin Ngam (16°51.817'N, 101°50.704'E), 270 m, 19, pan traps, 13.-14.viii.2006 [MHNG]. — Khonkaen Province, Nam Pong National Park, office (16°37.341'N, 102°34.467'E), 324 m, 16 , Malaise traps 19.-26.v11.2006. — Chaiyaphum Province, Pa Hin Ngam National Park, Siamese tulip field (15°38.438'N, 101°23.576'E), 780 m, 16 , pan trap, 7.-8.vii.2006 [MHNG]. — Sakon Nakhon Province, Phu Phan National Park, Huay Wien Prai Forest Unit (17°06.810'N, 104°00.318'E), 318 m: 14, 19, Malaise trap, 21.-27.viii.2006 [TNHM/]; 29, Malaise trap 15.-30.ix.2006 [TNHM/];, 29, Malaise trap, 21.-27.viii.2006 [TNHM/}|; park headquarters (17°03.521'N, 103°58 450'E), 320 m, 1% , pan trap, 7.viii-9.vii.2006 [TNHM]. — Sakon Nakhon Province, Phu Pha Yon National Park, reservoir (16°55.655'N, 104°10.658'E), 280 m: 19 , Malaise trap, 23.- 29.vi.2006 [MHNG}]; deciduous dipterocarp forest (16°55.449'N, 104°10.757'E), 295 m: 19, Malaise trap, 23.-29.vii.2006 [MHNG}; 19, Malaise trap 17.-23.vii.2006 [MHNG1]. — Ubon Ratchathani Province, Pha Taem National Park (15°24.304'N, 105°31.258'E), 230 m: 14, Malaise trap, 5.-12.viii.2006 [MHNGl}; 19 , Malaise trap, 5.-20.ix.2006 [MHNG{]; 19 , Malaise trap, 15.vi11.2006 [MHNG1]. AI leg. P. Dankittipakul. ETYMOLOGY: The specific epithet refers to the presence of a row of denticles si- tuated proventrally on tibia I of males. DiAGNosis: Dictis denticulata Sp. n. stands out among 189 known scytodid species as being one of the few that have a subapical spike on the male bulb. Males of D. denticulata Sp. n. are recognized by the presence of a slender subapical spike in combination With a subterminal ridge on the embolus (Figs 19, 50) and by a row of triangular ventral denticles on tibia I (Fig. 52). The male palpal morphology of D. den- ticulata Sp. n.1s very similar to that of S. lugubris (S. lugubris actually belongs to Dictis and will be formally transferred in a separate paper). Males of this new species can be easily distinguished from those of S. univittata Simon, 1882 (South Yemen to Burma, St. Helena) (Lehtinen, personal communication) by their abruptly bent embolic tip, by the absence of a translucent membranous flange, and by one of the enlarged setae on the apex of the cymbium being short and conical (elongated and slender in S. univittata). Apart from being distinctly smaller in body size, females of this new species can be distinguished from those of the closely related D. elongata Sp. n. by the digitiform posterior pouch being much shorter and bent posteroventrad (Figs 3, 9) instead of anteriad (Figs 5, 11), and the glandular pores are restricted to the proximal part of the introductory atrium (Fig. 20). DESCRIPTION: Male (holotype): Prosoma 4.2 long, 3.4 wide. Leg measurements: I 16.6 (4.9, 1.0, 4:7, 4.8;1.2), 1113.7G8; 10:38,39412) 11826210 40 SPRL 14.8 (4.5, 1.0,4.0, 4.1, 1.2). Pattern and coloration (Fig. 17). Prosoma strongly convex, in profile highest posteriorly. Opisthosoma globular, clothed with fine bristles. Carapace yellowish, provided with dark brownish pattern: thin median band running longitudinally, laterally with a pair of broader bands extending over approximately #4 length of SPITTING SPIDERS OF THAILAND 127 FIGs 1-6 (1,3) Dictis denticulata Sp. n., paratypes. (2) Dictis sp. A. (4) Dictis Sp. B. (5) D. elongata Sp. n., paratype. (6) Dictis sp. C. Internal genitalia of females, dorsal view. prosoma; marginally with a broad irregular band encircling the prosoma. Dorsum of opisthosoma yellowish, anteriorly with a broad dark brownish band, followed by three transverse chevrons. Legs yellowish; femora and tibiae with numerous purplish brown spots and stripes, other leg segments with irregular color pattern, mostly pale. Tibiae I with row of triangular denticles situated proventrally (Fig. 52). Male palp (Figs 18-19, 47, 50). Palpal femur cylindrical, anteromedially with a small, sclerotized apophysis with blunt apex. Cymbium with two enlarged distal setae: a very thick, conical one situated apically and a thinner, more elongate subapical one. Bulb elongate pear-shaped, long margins of embolic part almost parallel proximally, gradually narrowing towards its apex, provided with a slender cylindrical spike bran- ching subapically, main embolic part bent behind it. Female (paratype from the type locality): Prosoma 4.0 long, 3.1 wide. Leg measurements: [ 16.1 (4.8, 0.9, 4.6, 4.7, 1.1), II 13.1 (3.6, 0.8. 3.8, 3.9, 1.0), IT 12.8 (3.0, 0.9, 4.0, 3.9, 1.0), IV 14.3 (4.3, 0.9, 4.0, 4.0, 1.1). 128 P. DANKITTIPAKUL & T. SINGTRIPOP Pattern and coloration. General morphology as in males but carapace with faint brownish pattern; legs furnished with numerous round purplish spots, rarely with Stripes. Female genitalia (Figs 3, 9, 20). Epigastric furrow slightly excavated medially, lightly sclerotized basolaterally, heavily sclerotized internally, with glandular pores. Atrium funnel-shaped, proximal part narrowed, with membranous wall, distinctly separate from the heavily sclerotized rest, glandular pores restricted to proximal part. Posterior pouch digitiform. Receptacular stalk thick-walled, slightly enlarged posteriorly, glandular pores presented in elongate receptacular head. NATURAL HISTORY: Dictis denticulata Sp. n. inhabits deciduous dipterocarp forests of northeastern Thailand. Specimens of both sexes were mainly collected by means of Malaise traps, suggesting that they are active hunters, roaming freely on the forest floors. DISTRIBUTION: Known from several localities in northeastern Thailand. Dictis sp. A Figs 2,8, 21-22 MATERIAL EXAMINED: Northern Thailand, Chiang Mai Province, Chomthong District, Doi Inthanon National Park, Doi Inthanon, 510 m, dipterocarp forest, sifting, 1 ,25.11.1999 les. P. Dankittipakul [MHNG]. — Nan Province, Khun Nan National Park, 750 m, sifting, 19, 8.xii.2005, leg. P. Dankittipakul [MHNGI. TAXONOMIC REMARKS: This species can be easily distinguished from other Dictis known to occur in Thaïland by the digitiform posterior pouch of the vulva being slender and with parallel margins (Figs 2, 8, 22). This species 1s not named here because its male is unknown. DESCRIPTION: Female: Pattern and coloration (Fig. 21). Prosoma pear-shaped, strongly convex posteriorly. Carapace yellowish, provided with brownish markings. Opisthosoma globular, yellowish, dorsum provided with a series of transverse dark brown bands. Legs pale yellow, femora prolaterally with broken purplish markings along the entire length, tibiae and metatarsi with dark purplish annuli on proximal and distal parts, and with numerous purplish spots in between them. Female genitalia (Figs 2, 8, 22). Epigastric furrow slightly protruding medially, lightly sclerotized, with glandular pores. Atrium funnel-shaped, proximal part with membranous wall, the rest sclerotized, with glandular pores situated anteriorly. Posterior pouch digitiform, lateral margins parallel. Receptaculum thick-walled, distinctly enlarged posteriorly, forming slender stalk anteriorly, glandular pores present. NATURAL HISTORY: The specimens were obtained by sifting litter in deciduous dipterocarp and mixed deciduous forests. DISTRIBUTION: Known from two localities in northern Thaïland. Dictis sp. B Figs 4, 10, 23-24 MATERIAL EXAMINED: Northern Thailand, Chiang Mai Province, Chomthong District, Doi Inthanon National Park, Doi Inthanon, 510 m, dipterocarp forests, 39, pitfall trap, 25.111. 28.1V.1999, leg. P. Dankittipakul [MHNG]. SPITTING SPIDERS OF THAILAND 129 Fics 7-12 (7,9) Dictis denticulata sp. n., paratype. (11) D. elongata Sp. n., paratype. (8) Dictis sp. A. (10) Dictis sp. B. (12) Dictis sp. C. Details of right internal genitalia of females, dorsal view. REMARKS: The female of this species 1s similar to that of Dictis Sp. À in possessing an elongate and slender posterior vulval pouch with parallel margins. Dictis Sp. B can be distinguished from Dictis sp. À by the modified posterior pouch which 1s constricted subapically, and by the anterior margin of the introductory atrium which 1s highly convex instead of straight (Figs 4, 10, 24). This species is not given a formal species name because its male is unknown. DESCRIPTION: Female: Pattern and coloration (Fig. 23). Prosoma strongly convex posteriorly. Carapace pale yellowish, with faint brownish markings. Opisthosoma globular, dorsum pale yellowish, anteriorly with broad transverse brownish band followed by a series of thinner chevrons. Female genitalia (Figs 4, 10, 24). Epigastric furrow slightly protruding medially, entirely membranous, with glandular pores. Atrium funnel-shaped, proximal 130 P. DANKITTIPAKUL & T. SINGTRIPOP part with membranous wall, the rest sclerotized, glandular pores indistinct. Posterior pouch digitiform, lateral margins parallel, distinctly constricted subapically. Receptaculum thick-walled, enlarged and swollen posteriorly, forming slender stalk anteriorly, glandular pores indistinct. NATURAL HISTORY: The specimens were obtained by pitfall trapping in a deciduous dipterocarp forest. DISTRIBUTION: Known from one locality in northern Thailand. Dictis sp. C Figs 6, 12, 25-26, 36-37 MATERIAL EXAMINED: Northern Thailand, Chiang Mai Province and District, Doi Suthep- Pui National Park, near Monthatharn Waterfall, sifting, 5% , 25.vii.1999, leg. P. Dankittipakul [MHNG!|. REMARKS: The female of this species can be easily recognized by the following characters: the atrium of the vulva 1s heavily sclerotized and provided with numerous glandular pores (Figs 26, 37); the receptaculum 1s represented by an elongate slender stalk (Figs 12, 26). This species is not named because its male 1s unknown. DESCRIPTION Female: Prosoma strongly convex posteriorly. Carapace pale vellowish, with faint brownish markings. Opisthosoma ovoid, dorsum pale yellowish, anteriorly with broad transverse brownish band followed by a series of thinner chevrons. Female genitalia (Figs 6, 12, 26, 36-37). Epigastric furrow slightiy excavated medially, slightly sclerotized, with glandular pores. Atrium funnel-shaped, proximal part With membranous wall, the rest heavily sclerotized, provided with numerous glan- dular pores. Posterior pouch digitiform, relatively robust. Receptaculum thick walled, with slender tubular stalk, glandular pores numerous. NATURAL HISTORY: The specimens were obtained by means of sifting dead lea- ves and decomposing organic matter in a mixed deciduous forest. DISTRIBUTION: Known from one locality in northern Thailand. Group B SPECIES INCLUDED: Dictis thailandica Sp. n. and an undescribed Dictis species from Malaysia (see Brignoli 1976: 159, figs 56-57) Dictis thailandica sp. n. Figs 28-30, 38-41, 48-49 HOLOTYPE: à , Southern Thaïland, Nakhorn Sri Thammarat Province, Khao Nan National Park, 25.11.2006, leg. P. Dankittipakul [MHNG1]. PARATYPES: Same data as for holotype, 24,2? [MHNG, TNHM]. — Khonkaen Province, Nam Pong National Park, forest near park headquarters (16°37.341'N, 102°34.467'E), 325 m, 19, Malaise trap, 19.-26.vii.2006, leg. P. Dankittipakul [MHNG|. ETYMOLOGY: The specific epithet is a Latin adjective of the name ‘Thailand’. SPITTING SPIDERS OF THAILAND 131 =. £s, < Ë NX ra PA pee 27 7 TFZ \ n 2 MEN DES “UZZ QU CE fo A Ces rt € ki , S « ), AIÈ & Pr —_—_— @ AE nur Ü rl —=/\ (los aol UPTTI \ Ey lt i AS LUN (TAN N > ES EUR UUN 7 ? SPL IEE Q N Ve 2 Le FIGs 13-20 (13-16) Dictis elongata Sp. n., holotype (13-15) and paratype (16). (17-19, 20) Dictis denticu- lata Sp. n., holotype (17-19) and paratype (20). (13, 17) Habitus of male, dorsal view. (14, 19) Tip of embolus. (15, 18) Male palp, lateral view. (16, 20) Right part of internal genitalia, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.25 mm (13, 17), 0.10 mm (15, 18), 0.05 mm (14, 16, 19, 20). DiAGNosis: Males of D. thailandica Sp. n. are easily recognized by the globular base of the male palpal organ, in combination with a funnel-shaped embolus which 1s gradually narrowing, and with a slender subapical embolic spike (Figs 39-40, 48-49). 132 P. DANKITTIPAKUL & T. SINGTRIPOP Females can be distinguished by the rather simple vulva which consists of a large me- dian bursa and a pair of anteriorly inflated receptacula with slender stalks (Figs 28-30). Females of this new species are very similar to those of Brignoli’s Scytodes sp. B (Brignoli, 1976: 159, figs 56-57) from Malaysia (deposited in MHNG, examined) in which the membranous introductory atrium 1s enlarged, represented by a median bursa and two spherical receptacula situated far apart on the lateral sides. Females of D. thai- landica Sp. n. can be distinguished from the latter by the basal portion of the inflated receptacula being funnel-shaped and lightly sclerotized on its outer (ectal) surface (being entirely membranous and stalked in Scytodes sp. B of Brignoli). DESCRIPTION Male (holotype): Prosoma 4.0 long, 3.1 wide. Leg measurements: I 15.5 (4.7, 0.8, 45,45; 10),17130 (6:7,0837, 38; LO) PIS C0 08 SSI 138 (42/0:8,38,39 10; Pattern and coloration (F1g. 38). Prosoma strongly convex posteriorly. Carapace yellowish, with thin, usually disconnected bands of dark purplish color running longi- tudinally. Opisthosoma elongate oval; dorsum of opisthosoma yellowish; color pattern: median band running longitudinally over cardiac region; four short dark bands situated anter1orly; four longer and wider dark bands behind them; a broad transverse, medially broken band situated posteriorly. Legs elongate, slender, pale yellowish, without distinct marking. Male palp (Figs 39-40, 48-49). Palpal femur cylindrical, slightly longer than wide, anteromedially with small, sclerotized apophysis ending in blunt apex. Cymbium with two spiniform distal setae. Bulb globular; embolic part funnel-shaped, moderately long, curved ventrad, gradually narrowing towards its cylindrical apex, subapically provided with sharply pointed needle-shaped process. Female (paratype from the type locality): Prosoma 3.8 long, 3.0 wide. Leg mea- surements: I 15.1 (4.5, 0.8, 4.4, 44, 1.0), II 12.5 (3.5, 0.8. 3.5, 3.7, 1.0), I 12.3 (30, 0:8, 3:8::3:7.,1.0),1V418:4:(4:0:0.8:3:7,3%8 100); Pattern and coloration. Prosoma strongly convex posteriorly. Carapace yellowish, with slender median band running longitudinally, accompanied by two elon- gated, U-shaped bands laterally. Opisthosoma elongate oval, widest at its half length, yellowish in color; pattern on dorsum of opisthosoma: short median band running longitudinally over cardiac region, surrounded by several rings of thin, disconnected bands. Legs pale yellow, femora dorsally with faint remnant of purplish band. Female genitalia (Figs 28-30, 41). Epigastric furrow slightly protruding medially, lightly sclerotized, without glandular pores. Atrium large, represented by dilated median bursa, entirely membranous. Posterior pouch absent. Receptaculum spherical, basally forming short stalk, provided with numerous glandular pores. NATURAL HISTORY: The holotype was collected by sifting dead leaves and decomposing organic litter in a lowland evergreen forest, whereas the female paratype collected in northeastern Thailand was obtained from a Malaise trap. This suggests that these spiders are roaming freely on the forest floor. DISTRIBUTION: Known from two localities in northeastern and southern Thailand. SPITTING SPIDERS OF THAILAND 133 Genus Scytodes Latreille, 1804 TYPE SPECIES: Scytodes thoracica (Latreille, 1802). REMARKS: Scytodes belongs to a group of several scytodid genera (most of which are undescribed) in which males have three tarsal claws on their legs and numerous modified spigots on the ventral surface (epigastric region) of the opistho- soma (Lehtinen & Dankittipakul, in preparation). Thus the scytodid species with three tarsal claws treated in this paper are considered as members of the genus Scytodes. However, this concept also includes well-kKnown nominal Scytodes species which clearly differ from Scyrodes sensu stricto and belong to undescribed genera. At this stage it has not been possible to confidently establish the generic affiliations for several species treated here. À suprageneric revision of the family Scytodidae by Lehtinen & Dankittipakul is pending. Group C SPECIES INCLUDED: Scytodes mawphlongensis Tikader, 1966. Scytodes mawphlongensis Tikader, 1966 Figs 27, 34-35, 57-58 Scytodes mawphlongensis Tikader, 1966: 627, fig. la-d, description of 4 ®.— Tikader, 1969: 156, figs 9-12, illustration of à. Scytodes cf. strandi Spassky, 1941. -— Brignoli, 1976: 153, figs 36-48, illustration of G 9. MATERIAL EXAMINED: 29%, Northern Thailand, Chiang Mai Province, Chiang Dao District, Chiang Dao Wildlife Research Station, 380 m, sifting, 12.-16.v1.2002, leg. P. Dankittipakul [MHNG, TNHM]. REMARKS: The females examined are tentatively identified as S. mawphlon- gensis. They are similar to the Nepalese specimens collected from Phulchoki (near Kathmandu) but can be distinguished from them by the epigastric furrow being membranous instead of strongly sclerotized and by the absence of glandular pores in the genital atrium, which are present in significant quantities in the Nepalese spe- cimens. The intra-specific variation of S. mawphlongensis Was first documented by Brignoli (1976) who indentified three different forms. No significant genitalic differences were detected among the females obtained from Thailand and those described by Tikader (1966, 1969) and Brignoli (1976). Much larger samples would be needed to corroborate these slight differences as species-specific rather than individual variation. DESCRIPTION Female: Prosoma strongly convex, in profile highest in the middle, slightly longer than wide. Opisthosoma globular, clothed with fine bristles. Carapace yellowish, provided with dark brown pattern. Dorsum of opisthosoma yellowish, with a series of 5 large chevrons running transversely, first and second chevrons discon- nected medially, the rest connected by thin median band. Legs yellowish; femora I-II with longitudinal purplish brown bands on dorsal and ventral sides, femora IV pale, with dark purplish annuli situated distally; patella with purplish proventral bands; tibiae and metatarsi dorsally with dark purplish longitudinal dorsal band; tarsi with faint purplish marking. Bristles in genital region spigot-like (Figs 57-58). 134 P. DANKITTIPAKUL & T. SINGTRIPOP > ae ts SR Le A &. “ S : & Pari visisanre ri this SR =- X 4 ne Lo e É = 24 FIGs 21-27 (21-22) Dictis sp. A. (23-24) Dictis sp. B. (25-26) Dictis sp. C. (27) Scytodes mawphlongensis. (21, 23, 25) Habitus of female, dorsal view. (22, 24, 26) Right part of internal genitalia of females, dorsal view. (27) Left part of internal genitalia, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.25 mm (21,23,25),010fmm (27); 0:05 mm;:(22, 24,26). SPITTING SPIDERS OF THAILAND 135 FiGs 28-33 (28-30) Dictis thailandica Sp. n., paratypes from northeastern (28, 30) and southern Thailand (29). (31-33) Scytodes fusca. (28-29) Internal genitalia of females, dorsal view. (30-33) Right part of internal genitalia, dorsal view. Female genitalia (Figs 27, 34-35). Epigastric furrow slightly excavated medial- ly, without glandular pores. Atrium large, swollen anteriorly, its wall thin, entirely membranous, provided with numerous glandular pores anterolaterally. Posterior pouch absent. Receptacular stalk elongate, thick-walled, glandular pores presented in its an- terior half. NATURAL HISTORY: The specimens were collected by sifting decomposing orga- nic material on the floor of a mixed deciduous dipterocarp forest along a stream. DISTRIBUTION: India, Nepal, northern Thailand (new record). 136 P. DANKITTIPAKUL & T. SINGTRIPOP (34-35) Scytodes mawphlongensis. (36-37) Dictis sp. C. (34) Internal genitalia of females, dorsal view. (35) Detail of internal genitalia showing pores on receptacular stalk and atrium. (36-37) Pores on receptaculum (36) and atrium (37). Group D SPECIES INDLUDED: Scytodes fusca; an unnamed Scytodes species (to be placed in à new genus) from Sarawak (see Deeleman-Reinhold, 1989: 620, figs 1-3); Scytodes Sp. À. Scytodes fusca Walckenaer, 1837 Figs 31-33,42-43, 56 Scytodes fusca Walckenaer, 1837: 272, description of 4 9. For a complete synonymy see Platnick (2009). MATERIAL EXAMINED: Northern Thailand, Prae Province, Pha Nang Khoi, inside cave, about 200 m from entrance, 19, 19.vi.2006, leg. P. Dankittipakul [MHNG]. — Northern Thailand, Chiang Mai Province, Chiang Dao District, Chiang Dao Wildlife Research Station, 380 m, 19, 8.xi.2007, leg. P. Dankittipakul [MHNG1]. SPITTING SPIDERS OF THAILAND 137 FIiGs 38-45 (38-41) Dictis thailandica Sp. n., holotype (38-40) and paratype (41). (42-43) Scytodes fusca. (44-45) Scytodes sp. À. (38. 44) Habitus of male, dorsal view. (39, 45) Male palp, lateral view. (40) Tip of embolus. (41) Internal genitalia of females, dorsal view. (42) Habitus of female, dor- sal view. (43) Right part of internal genitalia, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.25 mm (38,42,44),0.10 mm (39, 41,43), 0.05 mm (45). REMARKS: Numerous published synonyms of S. fusca are not based on a comparison of types and probably refer to different species. AII available material known for S. fusca 1s currently revised by Lehtinen & Dankittipakul. 138 P. DANKITTIPAKUL & T. SINGTRIPOP 50 51 FiGs 46-51 (46, 51) Dictis elongata sp. n., holotype. (47, 50) D. denticulata Sp. n., holotype. (48-49) D. thai- landica sp. n., holotype. (46-48) Male palp, lateral view. (49-51) Tip of embolus. Females of S.fusca can be recognized by the peculiar vulva in which the tubular proximal part of the receptacular stalk has thick, heavily sclerotized and perforated walls whereas the receptacular head is membranous (Figs 31-33, 43). DESCRIPTION Female: Pattern and coloration (Fig. 42). Prosoma strongly convex posteriorly. Carapace dark brownish, with a faint yellowish band running medio-longitudinally be- hind AME. Opisthosoma globular, dorsum pale yellowish, anteriorly with broad trans- verse brownish band followed by a series of thinner chevrons. Genital region covered with modified elongate hairs (Fig. 56). Female genitalia (Figs 31-33, 43). Epigastric furrow slightly excavated medial- ly, with glandular pores. Atrium indistinct, connected directly to small, thick-walled, SPITTING SPIDERS OF THAILAND 139 FIics 52-58 (52) Dictis denticulata sp. n., holotype. (53-55) Scytodes sp. A. (56). S. fusca. (57-58) S. maw- phlongensis. (52) Tibia I of male (lateral view) showing proventral row of denticles. (53) Club- shaped bristles on opisthosoma. (54) Ditto, enlarged. (55). Male palp, lateral view. (57-58) Spigot-like bristles on epigastric furrow of male. heavily perforated digitiform structure. Posterior pouch absent. Receptaculum long, its stalk thick-walled, heavily sclerotized, numerous glandular pores presented along its anterior half; anteriorly forming a spherical membranous sac. NATURAL HISTORY: The specimens were collected from 1rregular webs on the walls of a cave and on the outside of a bungalow. DISTRIBUTION: Pantropical; this 1s the first record for Thaïland. Scytodes sp. A Figs 44-45, 53-55 MATERIAL EXAMINED: Southern Thailand, Nakhorn Sri Thammarat Province, Khao Nan National Park, sifting in a semi-evergreen lowland forest, 26 , 3 juveniles, 12.11.2006, leg. P. Dankittipakul [MHNG]|]. 140 P. DANKITTIPAKUL & T. SINGTRIPOP REMARKS: The general conformation of the palps of the two males examined corresponds well with illustrations of the male palp of S. fusca and related species in which the bulb is tapering towards its apex (Figs 45, 55). However, there are significant differences between these males and those of S. fusca. In the latter, the base of the embolic part 1s abruptly narrowing to form an elongate slender embolus which is subapically bent ventrad (see Brignoli, 1976: fig. 110; Brescovit & Rheims, 2000: figs 5-6) while in the males examined here the male bulb gradually narrows towards the apex of the embolus without a clear border between bulb and embolic base. Judging from palpal morphology, the males examined closely resemble those of S. /ongipes by having a relatively wide embolic base which is gradually narrowing towards the embolic apex. Nevertheless, the males examined clearly exhibit some somatic features that distinguish them from those of S. longipes: the body size is rather small and their legs are not noticeably elongate: furthermore, the dorsum of the opisthosoma is sparsely clothed with modified club-shaped bristles situated on slightly elevated sockets. Such hairs are not present in S. /ongipes. The examination of conspecific females would be crucial to corroborate and confirm these differences as species- specific. Therefore the specimens examined here are informally described as a Scytodes species without naming it. DESCRIPTION Male: Pattern and coloration (Fig. 44). Prosoma strongly convex, in profile highest in the middle. Carapace pale, whitish, with faint reddish markings. Legs slender, whitish, without marking. Opisthosoma globular, whitish; pattern on dorsum of opisthosoma: anteriorly with large, medially disconnected blotches of reddish brown, followed by small, thinner transverse bands. Male palp (Figs 45, 55). Palpal femur cylindrical, almost as long as wide. Cymbium with three spiniform distal setae. Bulb basally rounded, gradually narrowing towards apex of embolus. NATURAL HISTORY: The specimens were collected by sifting dead leaves and decomposing organic matter in a lowland rainforest along a stream. DISTRIBUTION: Only known from one locality in southern Thaïland. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful to Dr Peter J. Schwendinger (MHNG) for providing specimens from his private collection and for a loan of specimens from the MHNG. Dr Pekka T. Lehtinen (Turku) is warmly thanked for his constructive comments on an earlier version of the manuscript, without which this article could not have been finished. The Graduate School and Faculty of Science of Chiang Mai University (Chiang Mai) supported P.D. during his study. Financial support from the Thailand Research Fund through the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Program (Grant No. PHD/0017/2551) is acknowledged. The Royal Forest Department (Bangkok) gave permission to collect specimens in national parks and other protected areas. P.D. wishes to thank the following people for their generous support: Dr Angoon Lewvanich (Royal Academy of Thailand, Bangkok), Dr Yayun Xu and Welly Wiputera (University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand), and Christopher Sain. SPITTING SPIDERS OF THAILAND 141 REFERENCES BRESCOVIT, À. D. & RHEIMS, C. A. 2000. On the synanthropic species of the genus Scyrodes Latreille (Araneae, Scytodidae) of Brazil, with synonymies and records of these species in Other Neotropical countries. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 11: 320-330. BRIGNOLI, P. M. 1976. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Scytodidae (Araneae). Revue suisse de Zoologie 83: 125-191. BRISTOWE, W. S. 1952. The arachnid fauna of the Batu Caves in Malaya. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (12) 5: 697-707. CAMBRIDGE, EF. O. P.- 1897. Arachnida - Araneïida and Opiliones (pp. 41-88). In: PORTER, R. H. (ed). Biologia Centrali-Americana, Zoology 2, London. DEELEMAN-REINHOLD, C. L. 1989. Spiders from Niah Cave, Sarawak, East Malaysia, collected by P. Strinati. Revue suisse de Zoolgie 96: 619-627. DOLESCHALL, L. 1859. Tweede Bijdrage tot de Kenntis der Arachniden van den Indischen Archipel. Acta Societatis Scientiarum Indo-Neerlandicae 5: 1-60. KocH, L. 1872. Die Arachniden Australiens, nach der Natur beschrieben und abgebildet. Nürnberg, pp. 105-368. LATREILLE, P. A. 1802. Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insects (pp. 48-59). In: BUFFON, L. (ed). Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière, 3 (7). F. Dufart, Paris. LEHTINEN, P. T. 1986. Evolution of the Scytodoidea (pp. 149-157). /n: EBERHARD, W. G., LUBIN, Y. D. & ROBINSON, B. C. (eds). Proceeding of the 9 International Congress of Arachnology, Panama 1983. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., 333 pp. LUCAS, H. 1844. Notice sur une nouvelle espèce d'Aranéide appartenant au genre Scytodes de M. Walkenaer. Revue Zoologique 7: 87-90. ONO, H. 1995. A new spitting spider (Arachnida, Araneae, Scytodidae) from a cave in central Thaïland. Special Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Coleopterology 4: 131-138. PLATNICK, N. I. 2009. The world spider catalog, version 10.0. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html (accessed 5 August 2009) ROEWER, C. F. 1962. Einige Arachniden aus den Batu-Caves in Malaya. Pacific Insects 4: 517-520. SAARISTO, M. I. 1997. Scytotids [sic] (Arachnida, Araneae, Scytodidae) of the granitic islands of Seychelles. Phelsuma 5: 49-57. SIMON, E. 1882. II. Etude sur les arachnides de l'Yémen méridional. In Viaggio ad Assab nel Mar Rosso, dei signori G. Doria ed ©. Beccari con il R. Aviso "Esploratore" dal 16 Novembre 1879 al 26 Febbraio 1880. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 18: 207-260. SIMON, E. 1897. Matériaux pour servir à la faune arachnologique de l'Asie méridionale. V. Arachnides recueillis à Dehru-Dun (N. W. Prov.) et dans le Dekken par M. A. Smythies. Mémoires de la Société zoologique de France 10: 252-262. SIMON, E. 1909. Etude sur les arachnides du Tonkin (1ère partie). Bulletin scientifique de la France et de la Belgique 42: 69-147. THORELL, T. 1887. Viaggio di L. Fea in Birmania e regioni vicine. II. Primo saggio sui ragni bir- mani. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 25: 5-417. THORELL, T. 1890. Studi sui ragni Malesi e Papuani. IV, 1. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 28: 1-419. TIKADER, B. K. 1966. À new species of spider of the genus Scyrodes (family Scytodidae) from India. Current Science 35: 627-628. TIKADER, B. K. 1969. Studies on spider fauna of Khasi and Jaintia Hills, Assam, India. Part IN. Journal of Assam Science Society 11: 154-163. WALCKENAER, C. À. 1837. Histoire naturelle des insectes. Aptères, 1. Roret, Paris, 682 pp. aËt We) ù è | pr Robe | AS me pol GR ag Ç ‘tra no © id Ut TILL? aide ae ‘ )f ENT Gui | 2 dev air RES EL LE sprbotéh es sut ner lus eye lhé nl tete ve 7 Lyl | 7 VARIE” RE ‘ "ds PTT +] ec Sig EX RUE Mig te UHR votent PC AIR ren th pour média} 1 [A Sad À | | "moi ; { Fr. l'he Art per caen rat an der Etre Te ab néites DU FR Es À uns + A : A soutien LS 28 Ft: En a al! "Un on QUILALE FL he 4 Lt 7 n: TL) ind: mA 1214081 Due tata den ONi'io RATE LUE 88 fl Mresint M6 tion ilot Cl CCE Va FULL S rent sréfé-e versée » téneftème, AS Lean net A2 pb | us Tr YU. est/0 li crc » DORE EAP AN" IP ve | (Re. 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Fe fée a LED nt “à ne À “pli fe Au tr x PRES ‘0 + "PER CE ; Ne Er 1H hi Du yL 12 vo HF Lx [LAL 42 NX, OX ctsmets x Vire Somrsbar - cata et et Yorot Dur REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE 117 (1): 143-152; mars 2010 Two new species of genus Leistus Frôlich, 1799 from Turkey (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Nebriini) Jan FARKAC! & David W. WRASEZ l Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamyÿckä 1176, CZ-165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic; e-mail: farkac@fld.czu.cz 2 Dunckerstrasse 78, D-104 37 Berlin, Germany; e-mail: carterus@gmx.de Two new species of genus Leistus Frôlich, 1799 from Turkey (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Nebriini). - Two new species of genus Leistus Frülich, 1799, belonging to subgenus Leistus are described and illustrated: L. schuelkei Sp. n. and L. trabzonicus Sp. n. (type locality: Turkey, Trabzon, ca 40 km S Of, S Uzungôül, 2050 m altitude). They are compared with similar species of subgenus Leistus known from Turkey. À check-list for all members of subgenus Leistus from Turkey is provided, comprising data on distribution, type locality and deposition of the holotype or lectotype. Keywords: Taxonomy - new species - Nebrini - Palaearctic region - Turkey. INTRODUCTION Seven species of genus Leistus Frôlich, 1799, subgenus Leistus were recorded by Farkaë (2005) from Turkey: L. caucasicus Chaudoir, 1867, L. chaudoiri Perrault, 1986, L. femoralis Chaudoir, 1846, L. fulvibarbis fulvibarbis Dejean, 1826, L. fulvus Chaudoir, 1846, L. ledouxi Perrault, 1986, and L. ovitensis Perrault, 1974. In this paper, which 1s based on the study of new material and on a complete literature survey (Reitter 1883, 1887; Jedlitka 1968; Perrault 1974, 1975, 1986, 1988, 1991; Farkaë & Janata 2003; Farkaë 2005), we describe two new brachypterous species from Turkey belonging to subgenus Leistus. The most similar and probably most closely related species are L. chaudoiri Perrault (endemic species in the Meskhetski] Khrebet, Georgia, and in the Doÿu Karadeniz Daÿlari, Turkey) and L. ledouxi Perr. (endemic in the Kaçkar Daÿi, Turkey). MATERIAL AND METHODS Material examined 1s deposited in the collections of institutions and persons lis- ted below: MNHUB Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Germany MHNG Muséum d'histoire naturelle, Genève, Switzerland CFAR Coll. Jan Farkaë, Prague, Czech Republic cWR Coll. David W. Wrase, Berlin, Germany Manuscript accepted 23.09.2009 144 J. FARKAC & D. W. WRASE Total body length (BL) is measured from the clypeus to the apex of the right elytron; the width of the head (HW) as the maximum linear distance across the head, including the compound eyes; the length of the head from apex of labrum to anterior margin of pronotum; the length of the pronotum (PL) from the anterior to the posterior margin along the midline; the length of the elytra (EL) from the tip of scutellum to the apex; the width of the pronotum (PW) and elytra (EW) at their broadest point; the width of the pronotal base (PBaW) between the tip of the hind angles. These measurements, made at a magnification of 16x and 32x, respectively and using an ocular micrometer in a stereo microscope, were combined in ratios or listed as follows: PW/PL: width /length of pronotum:; PW/HW: width of pronotum /width of head; PW/PBaW: width of pronotum /width of pronotal base; EL/EW: length/width of elytra; EW/PW: width of elytra/ width of pronotum; EL/PL: length of elytra/length of pronotum: For comparisions we studied the holotype of L. (s. str.) chaudoiri Perrault, 1986 (MNHUB), male, glued to card, with extracted aedeagus, glued to separate card, and labelled: ‘“Abbastuman Sekar Pass” / “femoralis Chd.” / “femoralis Chd.” (white labels, all handwritten) / “HUB 733” (white label, handwritten) / Leistus reitteri Jacobson ?? det. G.G. Perrault, 1982 (species and author’s name handvwritten, rest printed on white label / Zool. Mus. Berlin (printed, white label) / ,HOLOTYPE* (handwritten on red label) / ,HOLOTYPE Leistus chaudoiri mihi, G. G. Perrault det. 1985“ (white label, handwritten, author’s name printed). (A forward slash 1s used for separating different labels). Its morphometric data are [mm]: BL= 7.40, HW = 1.60, PW = 1.50, PBaW = LPS, I EM 2,65, Elr=d80: Further material investigated: Leistus (s.str.) ledouxi Perrault, 1986: Turkey (Rize), Kaçkar Daÿi, Ayder, 1400-1700 m, 21.-28.VIIL.1989, Aistleitner & Gürgner leg. (1 female, cCWR); Turkey, Murgul-Artvin, Alaca Dag, 10.VI.1993, M. Janata leg. (1 female, cFAR). S YSTEMATIC PART Leistus (s. Str.) schuelkei sp. n. Figs 1-3 HOLOTYPE: Male, labelled: “Trabzon, ca 40 km S Of, S Uzungôül, 2050 m altitude, (grass and moss sift.), 40°35'57N, 40°16'56E, 4.VIIL.2006, M. Schülke [34] (cFAR). PARATYPES: 1 male, 3 females, the same data as holotype (MHNG, cWR). DIAGNOSIS: L. schuelkei sp. n. is in its habitus similar to both Leistus (s.str.) chaudoiri Perrault, 1986 and L. (s.str.) ledouxi Perrault, 1986, and also to L. (s.str.) trabzonicus Sp. n. but the new species differs distinctly from them by some morpho- metric features, the shape of elytral humerus, presence of a humeral tooth (except L. chaudoiri which also has dentate elytral humeri), and the construction of median lobe of aedeagus, respectively. NEW LEISTUS SPECIES FROM TURKEY 145 Fics 2-3 Median lobe of aedeagus of Leistus (s.str.) schuelkei sp. n. (holotype). (2) Lateral view. (3) Dorsal view. 146 J. FARKAC & D. W. WRASE Morphometric data of male (holotype) (in mm): BL = 7.90, HW = 1.75, PW = 223;,PBaW= 29 PL AS EM = 028 El 406! Morphometric data of paratypes (in mm): 1 male: BL = 8.00, HW = 1.76, PW = 2.29, PBaW = 133,PE= 1:65,EW =280,EL=480and emales BE= 76010, HW = 1.71-177,PW= 221230; PBaW= 127132 PLIS TA GENE re 2.90, EL = 4.80-5.00. DESCRIPTION: Colour piceous-black, tarsi, tibiae, antennae and maxillary appendages paler, brownish. Mandibles brownish. Eyes prominent, convex. Gular setae not inserted on transverse carina (habitus of holotype as in Fig. 1). Pronotum (Fig. 1): Cordiform, maximum width at middle, with midline distinct. Lateral furrow, basal depression, and depression at anterior margin strongly punctured. Posterior angles rectangular, sharp at tip. Elytra (Fig. 1): Long-oval, of drop-like shape, maximum width behind middle (at second third, counted from anterior), with humeral angle completely reduced, and with humeral tooth strongly developed. Striae and lateral groove of elytra strongly punctured, punctures somewhat weaker in apical half. Hindwings strongly reduced to small scales. Median lobe of aedeagus (Figs 2, 3): Robust, strongly curved, ventrally with a keel in central third. Apical lamella strong and long, apically somewhat acute, and bill- like deflexed (lateral view). In dorsal view slender with apical lamella slender, evenly narrowed, and apically narrowly rounded. COMPARISONS: L. schuelkei Sp. n. differs from L. ledouxi Perr. by a different shape of pronotum (ratio PW/PBaW 1.70-1.74 in female L. schuelkei Sp. n., and 1.55 in female L. ledouxi; ratio PW/PL 1.36-1.40 in female L. schuelkei Sp. n. and 1.26 in female L. ledouxi); by its rectangular pronotal posterior angles (in L. ledouxi they are acute), and by strong pronotal humeral teeth (see Perrault, 1986: 61, Fig. 6). L. schuelkei Sp. n. may be distinguished from L. chaudoiri Perr., which also has a strongly developed elytral humeral tooth, by construction of the median lobe which in L. chau- doiri has a short and wide apical lamella (compare F1g. 2,3 with Figs 8 a, b in Perrault 1986: 61). L. trabzonicus sp. n. from the same locality, described below, has a different shape of the elytra (in L. trabzonicus Sp. n., the elytra are more regularly rounded with maximum width about at middle and have the humeri somewhat more suggested, the humeral tooth is missing, the median lobe (Figs 5, 6) is somewhat smaller with apical lamella flat, only weakly curved, and apically not distinctly deflexed (lateral view), median lobe wide with apical lamella short and wide, somewhat directed to the left (dorsal view), while in L. schuelkei Sp. n. the median lobe (Figs 2, 3) is somewhat larger and more robust, with apical lamella strong and long, apically somewhat acute, and bill-like deflexed (lateral view), median lobe slender with apical lamella slender, evenly narrowed, and apically narrowly rounded (dorsal view). ETYMOLOGY: The new species is cordially dedicated to our friend and colleague Michael Schülke (Berlin), prestigious specialist in Staphylinidae, who collected the members of both new species, described in this paper. DISTRIBUTION: Currently only known from the type locality, which 1s situated in a high mountain steppe south of the village Of (south of Uzungôül, Trabzon province). Most probably with a limited range due to its inability to fly. NEW LEISTUS SPECIES FROM TURKEY 147 HABITAT: Collected in a high mountain steppe, free of timber, in a natural drainage channel (Fig. 7) by sifting grass and moss, at an altitude of about 2050 m (timber line in this area at about 1800 m). Sympatric and syntopic with Leistus trab- ZOnICUS SP. n. Leistus (s. str.) trabzonicus sp. n. Figs 4-6 HOLOTYPE: Male, labelled: ”’Trabzon, ca 40 km S Of, S Uzungôül, 2050 m (grass, moss sift.), 40°35'S7N, 40°16'56E, 4.VIIL.2006, M. Schülke [34]° (cFAR). PARATYPES: 3 females, the same data as holotype (MHNG, cWR). DIAGNOSIS: L. trabzonicus Sp. n.1s in its habitus similar to L. (s. str.) chaudoiri Perrault, 1986 and L. ledouxi Perrault, 1986, but the new species distinctly differs from these species by some morphometric features, more suggested elytral humeri, and by shape of aedeagus, respectively. Morphometric data of male (holotype) (in mm): Body length 7.50, HW = 1.73, NE 2 NE BawNI=u25, PL= NAS; EW=2.90;EL = 468: Morphometric data of 3 females (paratypes) (in mm): Body length 7.80-8.00, ENS 1176, PW= 220227, PBaW = 1.2#1.25,PL = 147-1.50,EW = 2.85- 205. Ek=4.80. DESCRIPTION: Colour piceous-black, tarsi, tibiae, antennae and maxillary appendages paler and brownish. Mandibles brownish. Eyes prominent, convex. Gular setae not inserted on transverse carina (habitus of holotype as in Fig. 4). Pronotum (Fig. 4): Cordiform, maximum width before middle. Lateral groove, basal depression and depression at anterior margin coarsely punctate. Lateral groove moderately widened in middle part, with distinct midline, posterior angles weakly acute, weakly directed outwards. Elytra (Fig. 4): Oval, regularly rounded, with maximum width about middle, humeri somewhat suggested, humeral tooth missing. Striae and lateral groove of elytra coarsely, distinctly punctured, punctures somewhat less distinct in posterior third of elytra. Hindwings strongly reduced to small scales. Median lobe of aedeagus (Figs 5, 6): Relatively small with apical lamella thin, only weakly curved, and apically not distinctly deflexed (lateral view), median lobe wide with apical lamella short and wide, distinctly directed to the left (dorsal view). COMPARISIONS: L. trabzonicus Sp. n. can be differentiated from L. ledouxi (we saw the female holotype and further two females) by a different shape of the transverse pronotum (ratio PW/ PBaW 1.76-1.84 in female L. frabzonicus sp. n. and 1.55 in L. ledouxi), ratio PW/PL 1.49-1.52 in L. trabzonicus sp. n. and 1.26 in L. ledouxi Perr.), and by more distinct humeri of elytra (see Perrault, 1986: 61, Fig. 6). L. trabzonicus sp. n. differs from L. chaudoiri Perr. by the shape of pronotum (ratio PW/PBaW 1.80 in L. trabzonicus sp. n. and 1.36 in L. chaudoiri (both holotypes); ratio PW/PL 1.52 in L. trabzonicus sp. n. and 1.34 in L. chaudoiri (both holotypes); by acute posterior angles of pronotum (rectangular in L. chaudoiri), and by construction of the median lobe of the aedeagus, which is somewhat wider and has an apical lamella distinctly turned to the left (dorsal view, see Figs 5, 6 and Fig. 6 in Perrault, 1986: 61). L. schuelkei Sp. n. (which is described above from the same locality) has a different shape of the elytra (in L. trabzonicus sp. n., the elytra regularly rounded, with 148 J. FARKAC & D. W. WRASE FIG. 4 Pronotum and elytra of Leistus (s.str.) trabzonicus sp. n. (holotype). LU Gc'0 D. FiGs 5-6 Median lobe of aedeagus of Leistus (s.str.) trabzonicus sp. n., (holotype). (2) Lateral view. (3) Dorsal view. NEW LEISTUS SPECIES FROM TURKEY 149 maximum Width at about middle, humeri somewhat suggested, humeral tooth missing, in Z. schuelkei sp. n. elytra with maximum width behind middle, with humeral angle completely reduced, and with humeral teeth strongly developed). Important differences are in the construction of the median lobe: in L. trabzonicus sp. n. (Figs 5, 6) some- what smaller with apical lamella thin, only weakly curved, and apically not distinctly deflexed (lateral view), median lobe wide with apical lamella short and wide, some- what directed to the left (dorsal view), in L. schuelkei sp. n. the median lobe (Figs 2, 3) is somewhat larger and more robust, with apical lamella strong and long, apically somewhat acute, and bill-like deflexed (lateral view), median lobe slender with apical lamella slender, evenly narrowed, and apically narrowly rounded (dorsal view). ETYMOLOGY: The specific name is derived from the name of the Turkish province Trabzon where the type locality 1s situated. DISTRIBUTION: As the preceding species, currently only known from the type locality, which 1s situated in a high mountain steppe south of the village Of (south of Uzungôl, Trabzon province). Most probably with a limited range due to its inability to fly. HABITAT: Collected in a high mountain steppe, free of timber, in a natural drainage channel (Fig. 7) by sifting grass and moss, at an altitude of about 2050 m (timber line in this area at about 1800 m). Sympatric and syntopic with Leistus schuelkei Sp. n. SPECIES OVERVIEW Currently, the following nine species of the subgenus Leistus Frôl. are known from Turkey (sensu Lôbl & Smetana 2003): L. caucasicus Chaudoir, 1867: 261 (syn. L. schuberti Jedliëka, 1968: 285) DISTRIBUTION: Turkey, Israel, Russia, Syria, Cyprus. TYPE LOCALITY: Caucasus. TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype in collection of Maximilien Baron de Chaudoir, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (France). L. chaudoiri Perrault, 1986: 62 DISTRIBUTION: Georgia (Meskhetskij Khrebet), Turkey (Dogu Karadeniz Daÿlari). TYPE LOCALITY: Georgia, Abbastuman, Sekar Pass. TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype in the collection of Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt Universität, Berlin (Germany). L. femoralis Chaudoir, 1846: 106 DISTRIBUTION: Georgia (Adzharskaya, Meskhetskij Khrebet), Turkey (Dogu Karadeniz Daglari). TYPE LOCALITY: Georgia (Abbastuman, Meskhetskij Khrebet). TYPE MATERIAL: Lectotype in collection of Maximilien Baron de Chaudoir, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (France). 150 J. FARKAC & D. W. WRASE L. fulvibarbis fulvibarbis Dejean, 1826: 215 DISTRIBUTION: Belgium, Canary Islands, France, Great Britain, Germany, Greece, Italy, The Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Turkey. TYPE LOCALITY: Portugal. TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype in collection of Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (France). L. fulvus Chaudoir, 1846: 105 DISTRIBUTION: Armenia, Russia, Turkey. TYPE LOCALITY: Lenkoran. TYPE MATERIAL: Lectotype in collection of Maximilien Baron de Chaudoir, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (France). L. ledouxi Perrault, 1986: 63 DISTRIBUTION: Turkey (Kaçkar Daÿi). TYPE LOCALITY: Cat [Cat], northern Kaçkar Daÿ1 (Rize). TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype in collection of Georges Ledoux, Clamart (France). L. ovitensis Perrault, 1974: 35 DISTRIBUTION: Turkey (Dogu Karadeniz Daglari). TYPE LOCALITY: Col d'Ovit (Rize). TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype in the collection of Georges G. Perrault, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (France). L. schuelkei Sp. n. DISTRIBUTION: Turkey. TYPE LOCALITY: Trabzon, ca 40 km $S Of, S Uzungôül. TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype in collection of Jan Farkaë, Prague (Czech Republic). L. trabzonicus sp. n. DISTRIBUTION: Turkey. TYPE LOCALITY: Trabzon, ca 40 km S Of, S Uzungôül. TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype in collection of Jan Farkaë, Prague (Czech Republic). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank all our colleagues, who in any way contributed to the realization of this paper, particularly Michael Schülke (Berlin), for providing us with the material this study deals with, Miloslav Rakovië and Matüÿ Kocian (Prague) for assisting the first author in the first draft of this paper, and in making the habitus illustrations, respectively; finally, Jon Cooter (Oxford) for reading a previous draft of the manuscript on which this paper 1s based. NEW LEISTUS SPECIES FROM TURKEY FIG. 7 Type locality of Leistus (s. str.) schuelkei sp. n. and L. (s. str.) trabzonicus sp. n. (photo M. Schülke) 152 J. FARKAC & D. W. WRASE REFFERENCES CHAUDOIR, M. DE. 1846: Carabiques. Pp. 47-209. In: CHAUDOIR, M. DE & HOCHHUTH, H.: Enumération des carabiques et hydrocanthares recueillis pendant un voyage au Caucase et dans les provinces transcaucasiennes par Baron M. de Chaudoir et le Baron A. de Gotsch. Kiew: J. Wallner, 268 pp. CHAUDOIR, M. DE 1867: Description de Carabiques nouveaux. Annales de la Société Entomo- logique de France 7: 259-262. DEJEAN, PEM.A. 1826: Species général des coléoptères, de la Collection de M. le Comte Dejean. Tome second. Paris: Crévot, vin + 501 pp. FARKAC, J. & JANATA, M. 2003: Nebruni, pp. 18, 79-96. In: LÔBL, I. & SMETANA, À. (eds): The Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 1. Stenstrup: Apollo Books, 819 pp. FARKAC, J. 2005: Systematic Outline and Geographic Distribution of Species of the Genus Leistus Frülich, 1799 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Nebriüni). Studies and reports of District Museum Prague-East, Taxonomical Series 1 (1-2): 43-67. FRÔLICH, J. À. 1799. Einige neue Gattungen und Arten von Käfern. Der Naturforscher 28: 1-65. JEDLICKA, A. 1968: Neue Carabiden aus der palaearktischen Region (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Reichenbachia 34: 285-296. LÔBL, I. & SMETANA, A. 2003 (eds): The Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. I. Archos- temata - Myxophaga - Adephaga. Stenstrup: Apollo Books, 819 pp. PERRAULT, G.-G. 1974: Un nouveau Leistus des Alpes Pontiques (Col., Carabiques). L'Entomologiste 30: 35. PERRAULT, G.-G. 1975: Complément a la description de Leistus ovitensis Perrault (Col. Carabidae). L'Entomologiste 31: 16-18. PERRAULT, G.-G. 1986: Le genre Leistus Froehlig (Coleoptera - Carabidae - Nebrini). VII. Sous-genre Leistus s. Str. (1). Groupes d'especes et biogeographie. Bulletin Mensuel de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon 55: 50-65. PERRAULT, G.-G. 1988: Le genre Leistus Froehlig (Coleoptera - Carabidae - Nebrini). X. Sous- genre Leistus s. str. (2). Les espèces asiatiques. Bulletin Mensuel de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon 57: 44-56. PERRAULT, G.-G. 1991: Le genre Leistus Froehlig (Coleoptera Carabidae Nebriïni). XV. Sous- genre Leistus s. str. (3). Les espèces euromaghrébines. Bulletin Mensuel de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon 60: 186-200. REITTER, E. 1883: Neue Coleopteren aus Russland und Bemerkungen über bekannte Arten. Revue Mensuelle d'Entomologie (St. Petersbourg) 1 (2): 40-44. REITTER, E. 1887: Neue Coleopteren aus Europa, den angrenzenden Ländern und Sibirien mit Bemerkungen über bekannte Arten. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 31(2): 497-528. REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE 117 (1): 153-158; mars 2010 Plagiorhynchidae (Acanthocephala) including the description of a new species from birds from the Republic of the Côte d’Ivoire, Africa Lesley R. SMALES Parasitology Section, South Australian Museum, North terrace Adelaide 5000 South Australia, Australia. Email: l.warner@cqu.edu.au Plagiorhynchidae (Acanthocephala) including the description of a new species from birds from the Côte d’Ivoire, Africa. - Plagiorhynchidae including Porrorchis centropi (Porta, 1910), from Centropus senegalensis and C. leucogaster, a putative Lueheïia species from Halcyon malimbica and Bubulcus ibis are reported from the Republic of Côte d’Ivoire for the first time. Plagiorhynchus (Prosthorhynchus) cossyphicola sp. n. from Cossypha spp. is distinguished from congenerics by a combination of the size of the proboscis and its armature. Keywords: Parasite - Acanthocephala - Plagiorhynchus - Porrorchis - Lueheia - Africa - Côte d'Ivoire - Centropus - Cossypha - Halcyon - Bubulcus. INTRODUCTION The Acanthocephala from African birds are not well known, only a small num- ber of reports, mostly focusing on domestic species of poultry and guinea fowl, having been published. Of the Plagiorhynchidae, only species of the genera Plagiorhynchus Luhe, 1911, Porrorchis Fukui, 1929, and Pseudogordiorhynchus Golvan, 1957 have been reported from African birds; Porrorchis centropi (Porta, 1910) from Guinea Bissau and Senegal, West Africa, Po. Indicus (Das, 1957) from Egypt, Po. rotundatus (Linstow, 1897) and Po. maxvachoni (Golvan & Brygoo, 1965) from Madagascar, Plagiorhynchus cylindraceus (Goeze, 1782) from South Africa, PI. charadriicola (Dollfus, 1953) from North Africa and Pseudogordiorhynchus antonmeyeri Golvan, 1957 from West Africa (Ashmawy & El-Sokkary, 1991; Amin er al., 1999; Golvan, 1956a, b, c, 1957, 1958; Golvan & Brygoo, 1965; Vassiliadès, 1980). To the best of my knowledge there have, however, been no reports of acanthocephalans from birds from the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire. Between 1985 and 1988, during the course of a Ph D project of Dr J. Mariaux to study the cestode parasites of the birds of the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, an inci- dental collection of Acanthocephala from 22 species representing 15 families of birds was made. Within this collection six bird species were infected with three species of plagiorhynchid acanthocephalans, as reported below. In this paper new host records are documented, geographic locations given, including the significance of the finding of a species similar to a Lueheia sp. and a new species of Plagiorhynchus is described. Manuscript accepted 27.11.2009 154 L. S. SMALES MATERIALS AND METHODS The birds examined included 24 individuals of 7 species from 4 families. The collection localities of hosts from which plagiorhynchids were dissected, with the num- ber of infected hosts in parentheses were as follows: Halcyon malimbica (Shaw, 1811) from M'be/Koffidougou 7°44'N 4°20'W (1), Halcyon senegalensis (Lesson, 1766) Marais de Dabou 5°19'N 4°19'W (1) Bubulcus ibis (Linnaeus, 1758) from Adiopodoume 5°19'N 4°08'W (1); Centropus leucogaster (Leach, 1814) from M'be/Koffidougou 7°44'N 4°20'W (1); Centropus senegalensis Linneaus, 1766 from Adiopodoume 5°19'N 4°08'W (2); Cossypha niveicapilla (Lafresnaye, 1838) from Ouango-Fitini 9°37'N 4°03'W (1); Cossypha albicapilla (Vieillot, 1818) from Korhogo 9°27'N 5°31'W (1). On dissection all specimens were fixed with neutral buffered 4% formalin and stored in 75% ethanol. Before microscopic examination all specimens were cleared in lactophenol or beechwood creosote to be studied as wet mounts. AI] measurements we- re taken using an eyepiece micrometer and are given in micrometers unless otherwise stated. Figures were drawn with the aid of a drawing tube. AIT specimens collected for this study are registered in the Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Geneva, Switzerland (MHNGr). RESULTS The three species of plagiorhynchid acanthocephalan found are given in Table 1. TABLE 1 Acanthocephala from eight bird hosts from the Republic of Côte d’Ivoire, Africa col- lected between January 1987 and February 1988. Host Host Field no Locality Plagiorhynchidae Alcedinidae Halcyon malimbica CI649 Marais de Dabou cf Lueheia sp. Halcyon senegalensis CI982 M'be/Koffidougou fragments Ardeidae Bubulcus ibis CI276 Adiopodoume cf Lueheia Sp. Cuculidae Centropus leucogaster CI956 M'be/Koffidougou Porrorchis centropi C. senegalensis CI 670 M'be/Koffidougou Porrorchis centropi Cr947 Adiopodoume Porrorchis centropi Muscicapidae Cossypha niveicapilla CI1088 Ouango-Fitini Plagiorhynchus (Prosthorhynchus) cossyphicola Cossypha albicapilla CIS18 Korhogo Plagiorhynchus (Prosthorhynchus) cossyphicola Cystacanths, juveniles and adults of Porrorchis centropi (MHNG INVE 38497,INVE 38493, INVE 38495) occurred in both species of Centropus; prevalence 100%. These represent a new host record for C. leucogaster and new locality records for both host species. PLAGIORHYNCHIDAE FROM THE CÔTE D'IVOIRE, AFRICA 155 Cystacanths of a porrorchid (MHNG INVE 38480, INVE 38492) with a sub globular to claviform proboscis having an armature of 26-28 rows of 9-10 hooks and at least 4 tubular lemnisci occurred in Bubulcus ibis, prevalence 10% and Halcyon malimbica, prevalence 20%. These characters, particularly the multiple lemnisci are congruent with Lueheia spp. This genus has not previously been recorded from Africa. A fragment of a porrorchid was also found in one individual of H. senegalensis, but could not be identified further (MHNG INVE 38597). Plagiorhynchus (Prosthorhynchus) cossyphicola sp. n. Figs 1-6 MATERIAL EXAMINED: Holotype, male, from Cossypha albicapilla (Vieillot, 1818) small intestine: Côte d'Ivoire, Korhogo; 27.01.1987, J. Mariaux (MHNG INVE 38484). — 2 spe- cimens, one male proboscis missing, one female anterior end damaged, from Cossypha nivei- capilla (Lafresnaye, 1838), small intestine: Côte d’Ivoire, Ouango-Fitini; 18.11. 1988, J. Mariaux (MANG INVE 38506). Prevalence: 33%. DESCRIPTION GENERAL (based on holotype and voucher specimens): Robust, relatively small, trunk slightly fusiform, unarmed. Proboscis cylindrical, armed with 16 long straight rows of more than 11, possibly up to 13, hooks, thorns 90-100 long; basal 1-2 hooks of each row shortest, 40-70 long. Roots simple, posteriorly directed, shorter than thorns, basal 1-2 hooks spiniform. Proboscis receptacle double walled, cerebral ganglion at about mid region. Lemnisc1 slender, tubular, 2200, about twice as long as proboscis receptacle. MALE: measurements of holotype followed by measurements of voucher specimen when available. Trunk 6, 5.3 mm long, 880, 885 wide. Proboscis slightly inverted, about 780 long, 240 wide; neck short, conical, 100 long, 260, 280 wide; proboscis receptacle 1445, 1530 long, 325, 305 wide. Testes tandem, oval, contiguous; anterior testis 510, 730 long, 390, 450 wide; posterior testis 525, 565 long, 415, 435 wide. Cement glands 4, tubular, 1200, 1530 long. Genital pore sub terminal. FEMALE: based on posterior 3mm only. Posterior end of trunk narrows suddenly about 150 from end. Genital apparatus short, robust, with well developed vagina and comparatively large uterine bell, 445 long. Genital pore terminal. Eggs ovoid, 59.5- 62.5 long, 29.5 wide; external shell sculptured with elevated ridges and grooves parti- cularly at the poles, without prolongations of the fertilization membrane. COMMENTS: Despite only one specimen having an intact, although slightly in- verted proboscis, the total length of the proboscis could be calculated by including an estimate of the length of the clearly visible inverted portion within the anterior part of the proboscis (Fig 2). In the key to the species of the subgenus Prosthorhynchus by Amin et al. (1999) Plagiorhynchus (Prosthorhynchus) cossyphicola sp. n. with a small proboscis, no longer than 780, and an armature of 16 rows of 12-13 hooks falls closest to P. (P.) ogatai (Fukui & Morisita, 1936), which has a proboscis 640-770 long but an armature of 18 rows of 14-15 hooks. Plagiorhynchus (Prosthorynchus) cossyphicola can be further differentiated from P. ogatai in having the thorns of the longest hooks, up to 100 long compared with 70 for P. ogatai. The figure from Fukui & Morisita (1936, Fig 3) indicates that P. ogatai has larger, wider testes, the anterior testis about 156 L. S. SMALES RSS — D LL [@%) Fe SLA > nil THE #1 4 AN Û FiGs 1-6 Plagiorhynchus (Prosthorynchus) cossyphicola n. sp. (1) Holotype male. (2) Proboscis showing armature. (3) Proboscis rows of hooks. (4) Female posterior end. (5) Male bursa. (6) Egg. Scale bars: 1,750 pm; 2, 200 pm; 3, 50 pm; 4, 5, 100 y m 6, 30 pm. 660 long, 750 wide compared with 510-730 long, 390-430 wide for P. cossyphicola and longer cement glands, about 2700 compared with 1200-1530 long. The eggs of P. cossiphicola, 59.5-62.5 by 29.5 are shorter than those of P. ogatai, 66.67 by 25.53. DISCUSSION Originally described from C. senegalensis from Guinea Bissau, and redescribed from C. monachus Rüppel, 1837 from Senegal (Golvan, 1956b) the hosts and distri- bution of Po. centropi have been extended in this study to include another West African country, Côte d'Ivoire and cuculanid host, C. leucogaster. PLAGIORHYNCHIDAE FROM THE CÔTE D'IVOIRE, AFRICA 197 Species of the genus Lueheia Travassos, 1919 have been described only from the Americas (Golvan, 1994) and are distinguished from other genera within the Porrorchinae by having multiple lemnisci (Schmidt & Kuntz, 1967). The cystcanths found in H. malimbica and B. ibis also had multiple lemnisci and are therefore closest to Lueheia and are probably the first representatives of the genus to be identified from Africa. Insufficient morphological information could be gleaned from the cystacanths to unequivocally confirm the genus and to characterize the specimens to species level. Plagiorhynchus (Pr.) cossyphicola 1s the second member of the sub genus to be described from Africa, the first being the cosmopolitan species P. (Pr.) cylindraceus occurring in South African shore birds (Amin ef al., 1999). The only other member of the genus recorded from the continent is P. (Plagiorhynchus) charadriicola (Dollfus, 1953), also from shore birds, but from North Africa (Golvan, 1956a). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My thanks to Prof. Mariaux for giving access to the material and providing use- ful comment on the manuscript. REFERENCES ASHMAWY, K. I. & EL-SOKKARY, M. Y. 1991. Morphobiological studies on a Pseudoporrorchis species (Acanthocephala); infecting the Egyptian cuculus (Centropus senegalensis ae- gyptius). Assiut Veterinary and Medical Journal 25: 98-107. AMIN, O. M., CANARIS, À. G. & KINSELLA, J. M. 1999. A taxonomic reconsideration of the Genus Plagiorhynchus s. lat. (Acanthocephalan: Plagiorhynchidae), with descriptions of South African Plagiorhynchus (Prosthorynchus) cylindraceus from shore birds and P. (P.) malayensis, and a key to the species of the subgenus Prosthorynchus. Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington 66: 123-132. FuKkUI, T. & MOoRIsITA, T. 1936. Three new species of Acanthocephala from Japan (A. preli- minary note) [In Japanese] Dobutsugaku Zasshi 48: 759-764. GOLVAN, Ÿ. J. 1956a. Acanthocéphales d’oiseaux. Troisième note. Révision des espèces Euro- péennes de le sous-famille des Plagiorhynchinae A. Meyer 1931 (Polymorphidae) Annales de Parasitologie 31: 350-384. GOLVAN, Ÿ. J. 1956b Acanthocéphales d’ oiseaux. Quatrième note. Considérations sur le genre Pseudoporrorchis Ch. Joyeux et J.-G. Baer 1935 (Polymorphidae, Porrorchinae) et redescription de Pseudoporrorchis centropi. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 81: 62-71. GOLVAN, Ÿ. J. 1956c. Acanthocéphales d’oiseaux. Note additionnelle. Pseudoporrorchis rotun- datus (O. von Linstow, 1897) (Palaecanthocephala-Polymorphidae) parasite d'un Cucullidae, Centropus madagascarensis (Briss). Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 81: 339-344. GOLVAN, Y. J. 1957. Acanthocéphales d'oiseaux. Sixième note. Deux espèces nouvelles parasites d'oiseaux d’Afrique occidentale Française: Gordiorhynchus (Gordiorhynchus) gendrei n. sp. et Pseudogordiorhynchus antnomeyeri n. gen., n. sp. Annales de Parasitologie 32: 81-97. GOLVAN, YŸ. J. 1958. Acanthocéphales d’ Afrique occidentale française récoltés par le Dr Pierre- Claude Morel. Bulletin de l’Institut Français Afrique Noire ser. A 20: 60-72. GOLVAN, Ÿ. J. 1994. Nomenclature of the Acanthocephala. Research and Reviews in Parasi- tology 54: 133-205. GOLVAN, Y. J. & BRYGO0, E.-R. 1965. Acanthocéphales de Madagascar (Deuxième Note) Le gen- re Pseudoporrorchis Joyeux et Baer 1935. Annales de Parasitologie 40: 543-568. 158 L. S. SMALES SCHMIDT, G. D. & KUNTZ, R. E. 1967. Revision of the Porrorchinae (Acanthocephala: Plagio- rhynchidae) with descriptions of two genera and three new species. Journal of Parasi- tology 53: 130-141. VASSILIADES, G. 1980. Helminthes parasites d'oiseaux du Sénégal. Bulletin de l’IFAN 42 sér A 122-134. REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE 117 (1): 159-167; mars 2010 The genera Haplotmarus Simon, 1909 and Zndoxysticus gen. nov.: two enigmatic genera of crab spiders from the Oriental region (Araneae: Thomisidae) Suresh P. BENJAMIN! & Ziyard JALEEL l Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hantana Road, Kandy, Sri Lanka. Email: suresh.benjamin@ gmail.com; corresponding author The genera Haplotmarus Simon, 1909 and Zndoxysticus gen. nov., two enigmatic genera of crab spiders from the Oriental region (Araneae: Thomisidae). - The genus Haplotmarus Simon, 1909 has never been studied since its original description 100 years ago. In this paper, the type species H. plumatilis Simon, 1909 is redescribed and a provisional diagnosis for the genus 1s provided. À new genus, /ndoxysticus gen. nov. type species Xysticus minutus Tikader, 1960, is proposed and diagnosed. Haplotmarus is distinguished by the following characters: prosoma and opisthosoma with numerous long setae, opisthosoma with dark patches in two parallel rows, epigynum with a copulatory chamber and a duct leading to multi-chambered spermathecae. /ndoxysticus minutus females can be identified by their distinct oval spermathecae with well-defined chambers, males by their very distinct palp with a broad-based embolus. Keywords: Systematics - taxxonomy - biodiversity - India - Sri Lanka - Vietnam. INTRODUCTION Crab spiders (Thomisidae Sundevall, 1833) are cryptically colored sit-and-wait predators that do not build capture webs. Thomisidae is the sixth largest spider family, including 2093 described species in 173 genera (Platnick, 2009), with many more species remaining to be described. However, little progress has been made in unders- tanding the phylogeny of this key dionychan family since Simon’s seminal work almost a century ago (but see Benjamin ef al., 2008). One of the key obstacles to understanding thomisid interrelationships is a large number of genera that remain unknown or “little known”: they have never been studied since their original descriptions. The genus Haplotmarus is such an instance, it has never been studied since its original description 100 years ago and no illustrations of its type species we- re given in Simon (1909). Haplotmarus is currently monotypic. The type species of the genus, Haplotmarus plumatilis, is here redescribed and diagnosed. Males of Æ. plu- matilis remain unknown; we could not find any in major museum collections. Indoxysticus minutus Was originally placed in Xysticus C. L. Koch, 1835. Here it is redescribed and diagnosed on the basis of material from Sri Lanka and India. This study is part of an ongoing island-wide survey of spider diversity in Sri Lanka. Manuscript accepted 23.11.2009 160 P. BENJAMIN & Z. JALEEL METHODS Methodology follows Benjamin (2004). Specimens used for habitus illus- trations were placed on washed sand in 70% ethanol and photographed using a stereo- microscope (Leica MZAPO) with top illumination and a magnification of up to 50x. Digital images were taken with a Nikon DXM1200F camera. Images were edited using an Auto-Montage® software package. Left structures are depicted. Haïrs and macro- setae are not depicted in the palp drawings. AI measurements are given in millimeters and were taken with a compound microscope (Leica MZAPO) equipped with a 10x ocular and an ocular micrometer scale. The following anatomical abbreviations are used in the text and figures: ALE = anterior lateral eyes; AME = anterior median eyes; CC = copulatory chamber; CD = copulatory duct; CO = copulatory opening; E = embolus; FD = fertilization duct; PLE = posterior lateral eyes; PME = posterior median eyes; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; S = spermatheca; TS = subtegular prong; VTA = ventral tibial apophysis. The following institutional abbreviations are used in the text: MNHN = Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris; MHNG = Muséum d’histoire naturelle, Geneva; HECO = Hope Entomological Collection of the Oxford University, Oxford; ZSI = Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta. TAXONOMY FAMILY THOMISIDAE SUNDEVALL, 1833 Genus Haplotmarus Simon, 1909 TYPE SPECIES: Haplotmarus plumatilis Simon, 1909: 126, by original designation. COMPOSITION: Haplotmarus plumatilis from Vietnam. DiAGNosis: Haplotmarus is distinguished by the collective presence of the following characters. Prosoma and opisthosoma with numerous long setae, opistho- soma with two parallel longitudinal rows of dark patches (Figs 1-2). Epigynum with a copulatory chamber (CC) and a short duct (CD) which leads to a winding, elongated, multi-chambered spermatheca (S) (Figs 5-7). REMARKS: Haplotmarus might turn out to be a junior synonym of Philodamia Thorell, 1894 and a senior synonymy of Sinothomisus Tang et al., 2006. Sinothomisus falls well within the limits of the genus Philodamia. However, any further nomencla- tural changes and clarifications of its place on the phylogenetic tree of the Thomisidae must await the discovery of the male of the type species of Haplotmarus and that of Philodamia, P. hilaris Thorell, 1894, as well as a phylogenetic study that includes these and a large number of other thomisid genera. DESCRIPTION: See description of the type species below. Haplotmarus plumatilis Simon, 1909 Figs 1-2, 5-7 Haplotmarus plumatilis Simon, 1909: 126. MATERIAL: The examined type series (MNHN 23205) consist of a single adult female and 4 juvenile specimens, all from Vietnam (label: Tonkin, which is now northern Vietnam). The adult female is here designated as the lectotype to better define the species. CRAB SPIDERS HAPLOTMARUS AND INDOXYSTICUS GEN. NOV. 161 FIGs 1-4 Photographs of Haplotmarus plumatilis (1-2) and of Indoxysticus minutus (3-4) from the Ethagala Mountains, Sri Lanka. (1-2) Female lectotype (MNHN 23205), dorsal view. (3-4) Live female, dorsal view. DESCRIPTION FEMALE (male unknown): Total length 4.0; prosoma length 1.8, width 1.7. Leg I: femur 1.0, patella 0.5, tibia 0.8, metatarsus 0.6, tarsus 0.6. Prosoma with numerous long setae (Figs 1-2), dark red-brown in color, sides darker, with white patches around the eyes. Eyes in two recurved rows, PLE > ALE > AME > PME. Opisthosoma round, with numerous long setae, light brown-yellow, dorsally with very characteristic black and white markings as in Figs 1-2. Legs I-IV dorsally with black and white markings as in Fig. 1. Chelicerae, labium and ventral parts lighter than dorsal parts. Leg formula (from longest to shortest) 2143. Epigynum and vulva as in Figs 5-7. Spermathecae distinctively tubular in shape. Indoxysticus gen. nov. TYPE SPECIES: Xysticus minutus Tikader, 1960. 162 P. BENJAMIN & Z. JALEEL ETYMOLOGY: The masculine generic name is derived from the name of the country (India) where the type species was first described and from the generic name XYStIiCUs. DIAGNOSIS AND DESCRIPTION: See species section below. REMARKS: The establishment of a monotypic genus is controversial. However, it 1S necessary in this case to maïintain the monophyly of Xysticus. Molecular data lends support to the removal of /. minutus (Tikader, 1960) comb. nov. from Xysricus. Indoxysticus 1s not sister to or closely related to Xysticus (see Benjamin et al., 2008: figs 3-7). Several species currently described in Xysticus from India may be misplaced and should be transferred to /ndoxysticus. COMPOSITION: Only one species, /ndoxysticus minutus (Tikader, 1960) comb. nov. DISTRIBUTION: India and Sri Lanka. Indoxysticus minutus (Tikader, 1960) comb. nov. Figs 3-4,8-15 Xysticus minutus Tikader, 1960: 1-2, fig. la, b; male holotype from Calcutta in ZSI, not exami- ned; see remarks below. — Tikader, 1968: 113, figs 18-20; first description of female. — Tikader, 1971: 50: fig. 14k-m. — Tikader, 1980: 120, figs 165-167; male, probably mis- identified. — Tikader & Biswas, 1981: 80, figs 143-144. Xysticus minutes: Gajbe, 2007: 444, figs 44-46; lapsus calami. Haplotmarus Sp.: Benjamin ef al., 2008: table 1; provisional placement to facilitate molecular characterization. MATERIAL EXAMINED: Sri Lanka, Western Province, Colombo, Thimbirigasyaya, 24, 3%, 21.02.1998, leg. S. P. Benjamin; Sri Lanka, Western Province, Colombo, Bellanwila- Attidiya, 0.6 m, 19, 8.03.1998, leg. S. P. Benjamin. — Sri Lanka, North Western Province, Kurunegala District, Kurunegala, Ethagala Mountains, 7°45'00"N, 80°15'00"E, 300 m, 28.02.2007, leg. Ziyard Jaleel, 1%. — Same locality as previous, 5.02.2008, leg. Ziyard Jaleel, 1 ©. AII above mentioned material deposited in MHNG. — India, Bombay, 14 , 19, collection date and collector unknown, HECO. DIAGNOSIS: Females can be distinguished by the distinct oval spermathecae (Figs 13-15) which have well-defined chambers. Males of /. minutus have a very distinct palp with a broad-based embolus and a subtegular prong (TS) that originates behind the embolus (Figs 10-12). Distinguished from Xysticus by the lack of the following characters diagnostic for Xysticus: cymbium modified with guide pockets for the embolus, tegulum with several spine-like tegular apophyses, epigynum with a median septum. Xysticus spp. live on the ground, whereas /ndoxysticus minutus lives in the vegetation. /ndoxysticus gen. nov. can be distinguished from Haplotmarus by the anterior hoods of the epigynum, copulatory chamber (CC) and oval spermathecae (S). DESCRIPTION MALE: Total length 2.1; prosoma length 1.0, width 1.0. Leg [: femur 0.6, patella 0.4, tibia 0.6, metatarsus 0.5, tarsus 0.4. Prosoma round, red-brown colored, lateral parts darker, markings as in Fig. 9. Eyes in two recurved rows, PLE > ALE > AME > PME. Chelicera, labium and dorsal parts lighter in colour. Opisthosoma oval, tapering towards the rear end, yellow-brown colored, with markings as in Fig. 9. Legs I-IV yellow to shades of brown, with black rings throughout. Leg formula (from longest to shortest) 2143. Palp: tibia short, VTA and RTA present, RTA long and broad- CRAB SPIDERS HAPLOTMARUS AND INDOXYSTICUS GEN. NOV. 163 FIGS 5-7 Haplotmarus plumatilis, female lectotype (MNHN 23205). (5) Epigynum, ventral view. (6) Vulva, ventral view. (7) Ditto, dorsal view. Scale lines = 0.2 mm. based. Bulb longer than wide, without tegular ridges, with a projecting subtegular prong at its inner side (TS in Fig. 9), embolus strongly developed, with an outwards projecting terminal hook, basally broad, membranous on the outsides (see arrow in Fig. 11). DESCRIPTION FEMALE: Total length 3.5; prosoma length 1.1, width 1.2. Legs I: femur 0.9, patella 0.5, tibia 0.7, metatarsus 0.5, tarsus 0.5. Markings as in Figs 3-4, 8. Prosoma dark black-brown, sides darker, with red patches in front and around AME. 164 P. BENJAMIN & Z. JALEEL FiGs 8-9 Habitus of /ndoxysticus minutus. (8) Female. (9) Male. Scale lines = 2 mm. CRAB SPIDERS HAPLOTMARUS AND INDOXYSTICUS GEN. NOV. 165 FiGs 10-15 Details of Indoxysticus minutus genitalia. (10) Left male palp, prolateral view. (11) Ditto, ventral view. (12) Ditto, retrolateral view; note the broad-based embolus. (13) Epigynum, ventral view. (14) Vulva, ventral view. (15) Ditto, ventral view. Scale lines = 0.2 mm. 166 P. BENJAMIN & Z. JALEEL Opisthosoma round, light reddish brown, dorsally with very characteristic white markings as in Figs 3-4. Legs I-IV dorsally with white markings as in Figs 3-4, 8. Eyes as in male. Chelicera and labium ventrally lighter in color than dorsally. Leg formula 2143. Leg spination as in male. Epigynum and vulva as in Figs 13-15. Copulatory openings widely separated, with distinct sclerotized margins. Copulatory ducts parallel to each other, leading to chambered spermathecae. NATURAL HISTORY: Specimens were collected by beating dry parts of shrubs and flowering plants. Spiders, at least during the day, seem to hide in dry parts of plants, their brown color and markings serving well to camouflage them. They were conspi- cuously absent on flowers. DISTRIBUTION: Known from Sri Lanka and India. This species is widespread in Sri Lanka and probably also in India. Tikader (1980: 121) lists the species distribution as follows: West Bengal, Poona, Shillong, Gujarat. We have seen material from Tamil Nadu and Bombay. REMARKS: We have been unable to examine the holotype. It is generally thought that Tikader”’s collections are deposited in the ZST (Tikader, 1980). Unfortunately, our repeated attempts to contact personal there have so far been unsuccessful. Our identification of newly collected material is based solely on Tikader”s illus- trations of the holotype (Tikader, 1960: figs 1-2). He later published several other taxo- nomic accounts on X. minutus (Tikader, 1968; 1971; 1980; Tikader & Biswas, 1981). Some of them seem to be based on misidentification, for example, Tikader (1980: figs 166-167) provides the redescription of putative X. minutus specimens. Judging from his illustrations, the female seems to be correctly identified, but the 1llustrated male seems to be misidentified as it differs completely from the description and illustrations of the holotype. Such issues are not uncommon in Tikader’s publications. Although Tikader’s (1960: figs 1-2) illustrations are not quite accurate, the following characters of the very distinct male palp of this species are recognizable in his drawings and are sufficient for identification: (1) the shape of the RTA; (2) the sub- tegular prong (TS) which is visible as a hump on the anterior-prolateral side of the palp illustrated in fig. 1b; (3) the unique, slightly bifurcate tip or terminal hook of the embolus (E) is clearly recognizable in fig. 1b; (4) the unique broad-based embolus (E) which is shown as a dark line crossing the tegulum in fig. 1b. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks to Mr A. H. Sumanasena (Department of Wildlife Conservation, Colombo) for providing a research permit to collect in Sri Lanka. Thanks to Christine Rollard and Elise-Anne Leguin (MNHN) for providing the types examined herein. Thanks to Darren J. Mann and James E. Hogan for facilitating our study of O. Pickard- Cambridge’s collection of spiders from our country and from India. I am grateful to Hirotsugu Ono (Tokyo) for helpful comments. This study was partially supported by a Smithsonian Institution postdoctoral fellowship to SPB. CRAB SPIDERS HAPLOTMARUS AND INDOXYSTICUS GEN. NOV. 167 REFERENCES BENJAMIN, S. P. 2004. Taxonomic revision and a phylogenetic hypothesis for the jumping spider subfamily Ballinae (Araneae, Salticidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 142: 1-82. BENJAMIN, S. P., DIMITROV, D., HORMIGA, G. & GILLESPIE, R. G. 2008. Family ties: molecular phylogeny of crab spiders (Araneae: Thomisidae). Cladistics 24: 1-15. GAJBE, U. A. 2007. Araneae: Arachnida. /n: Fauna of Madhya Pradesh (including Chhattisgarh), State Fauna Series. Zoological Survey of India 15: 419-540. PLATNICK, N. I. 2009. The world spider catalog, version 10.0. American Museum of Natural History, New York, online at http://research.amnh.orglentomology/spiders/catalog81-87/index.html (accessed 26 August 2009). SIMON, E. 1909. Etude sur les Arachnides du Tonkin (lère partie). Bulletin scientifique de la France et de la Belgique 42: 69-147. TANG, G., YIN, C., GRISWOLD, C. E. & PENG, X. 2006. Description of Sinothomisus gen. nov. with a new species from Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Thomisidae). Zootaxa 1366: 61-68. TIKADER, B. K. 1960. On some new species of spiders (Arachnida) of the family Thomisidae from India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 57: 173-183. TIKADER, B. K. 1968. Studies on spider fauna of Khasi and Jaintia Hills, Assam, India. Part I. Journal of the Assam Science Society 10: 102-122. TIKADER, B. K. 1971. Revision of Indian crab spiders (Araneae, Thomisidae). Memoirs of the Zoological Survey of India 15: 1-90. TIKADER, B. K. 1980. Thomisidae (Crab-spiders). Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, 247 pp. TIKADER, B. K. & BISwAS, B. 1981. Spider fauna of Calcutta and vicinity: Part I. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 30: 1-149. 2147.24 qu HA TRE 4 Al 1 [] Vs db ES sus | | «ris Hire YO RSINNR Ds er au ER Av au 7 UT réntnr (hé Cr Les. QU Pen 7 GC she Ÿ AN “Hu LS ia t 0 1: (Lsucrs «hi aù ca} inntut-phisiluti HET x jugé wi # le F fs Ur AA 00.7 E “IC dt te à: k r UE rai tar de 2. ni de NS RUN ch CRAN ALIEN ee n 0 L î À 17 CRE A [a VON TU: 127 LL wo. it yé ae PRE MN 1 à “pe ho ba ne A SUN dl ini T's etes vante PE 47 POBIE PEPANT COP ARE QLbee CNE or cn DT PRET en “ES dut | 4 . l'a: Me ! En fc As «RS Jura "* gremetud CR deniers. 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M er" PE REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE 117 (1): 169-183; mars 2010 Description of Microtyphlus (Speleotyphlus) infernalis n. sp. from Valencia (eastern Iberian Peninsula), and review of the present state of knowledge of this hypogean subgenus (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Anillini) Vicente M. ORTUNO!* & Alberto SENDRA?* l Departamento de Zoologia y Antropologfa Fisica. Facultad de Biologfa. Universidad de Alcalä. E-28871 Alcalä de Henares (Madrid, Spain) 2 Museu Valencià d'Histèria Natural (Fundaciôn Entomolôgica Torres Sala). Paseo de la Pechina 15. E-46008 Valencia (Spain) * Corresponding author. E-mail: vicente.ortuno@uah.es; alberto.sendra@uv.es Description of Microtyphlus (Speleotyphlus) infernalis n. sp. from Valencia (eastern Iberian Peninsula), and review of the present state of knowledge of this hypogean subgenus (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Anillini). - A new species of cave-dwelling Anillini carabid Microtyphlus (Speleotyphlus) infernalis n. sp. found in a single cave (‘Cova Soterranya’, in Serra Calderona’s Natural Park, a protected area belonging to the Valencian Autonomous Community) 1s described. In this cave, the popu- lations are located in the aphotic zone, being subject to rather buffered variations of the abiotic factors and living in a biocoenosis with opportu- nistic elements and a low number of troglodytic forms, thus possessing a greater degree of biodiversity than the deeper zone of the cave. M. infernalis n. Sp. is the most southern species of the subgenus Speleo- typhlus. À total of six species belong to this subgenus. Three of them (M. (S.) comasi, M. (S.) fadriguei, and M. (S.) virgillii) are poorly known; the existing descriptions provide insufficient details and are largely inaccurate. Although its slenderness makes it look like M. (S.) auroxi, some features in the aedeagus of the new species show similarities with the most troglo- biomorphic species of the tribe Anillini in the Iberian Peninsula, Aphaeno- typhlus alegrei. À comparison of the main morphological characteristics of the species belonging to the Speleotyphlus subgenus reveals the need for a thorough revision of the whole group, which could be paraphyletic. Keywords: Coleoptera - Anillini - taxonomy - new species - cave fauna - troglobiomorphism. INTRODUCTION The Iberian Peninsula’s subterranean environment has been colonised by an enormous diversity of organisms. Among these, we can identify a huge number of endemic carabids (Jiménez-Valverde & Ortuño, 2007). We can also recognise two different subterranean habitats: the endogean and the hypogean environments, both showing a very characteristic fauna (Casale er al., 1998: 1049). On one hand, in the Manuscript accepted 30.11.2009 170 V. M. ORTUNO & A. SENDRA hypogean environment (represented by caves and by the surface subterranean environ- ment), the fauna show a particular body design tending to slenderness and giantism, all as a result of an adaptation to wide subterranean spaces. On the other hand, small body designs with short appendages have been selected in the endogean environment (1.e., the soil’s horizon B interstices). The tribe Anillini, found worldwide, comprise numerous subterranean species, bringing micropredators to the endogean environment’s biocoenosis. In this way, most of these species are confined to the soil’s small interstices, although some of them are adapted to those wide and deep subterranean spaces (pits and caves) known as hypo- gean environment. In the Iberian Peninsula, this fact has been observed in certain Geocharis Ehlers, 1883 (Barranco com. pers.), Microtyphlus Linder, 1863 (Ortuño & Carabajal, 1997: 139; Viñolas & Escolà, 1999) and Hypotyphlus Jeannel, 1937 (Español, 1971: Español & Comas, 1984; Ortuño, 1997) species. Nevertheless, there are some Amillini lineages which seem to have firmly colonised this hypogean envi- ronment, living in it exclusively and consequently representing a remarkable troglo- biomorphic specialisation (Casale ef al., 1998: 1058). Such is the case of two mono- basic genera located in the Iberian Peninsula (Ortuño, 2006; Ortuño & Sendra, 2007): Aphaenotyphlus Español & Comas, 1985 (A. alegrei), and /beranillus Español, 1971 (Z. vinyasi). Moreover, there are also other hypogean species in the eastern Iberian Peninsula showing different degrees of stylisation, which are included in the taxon Speleotyphlus Jeanne, 1973. Recently (Ortuño & Sendra, 2007), this taxon was reclas- sified as a subgenus of Microtyphlus. Speleotyphlus unites a small subset of Microtyphlus species with an ecological trend towards the occupation of the hypogean environment; 1t presents minor troglobiomorphic features (body stylisation), which are especially noted in the length of the appendages. So far, five Speleotyphlus species have been described (Español, 1966; 1971: 1999; Vives ef al., 2002) (Fig. 7). Microtyphlus (Speleotyphlus) aurouxi Español, 1966 and Microtyphlus (Speleotyphlus) jusmeti (Español, 1971) are known in several coastal carbonated mountains between Oropesa-Cabanes and the La Vall d’Ângel Mountains (Castellén). Microtyphlus (Speleotyphlus) fadriquei (Español, 1999) has been found in a cavity in La Mola de Godall (Ulldecona, Tarragona). The northern side of the distri- bution area has been occupied by Microtyphlus (Speleotyphlus) virgilit (Vives et al., 2002), which was found in some cavities in Serra d’Almés (Tarragona). Finally, Microtyphlus (Speleotyphlus) comasi (Vives et al., 2002), distinguished from a single female specimen, has been found in a cavity in the interior mountains of the Maestrazgo region (Iglesuela del Cid, Teruel). In this paper, Microtyphlus (Speleotyphlus) infernalis n. sp., the most southern species of the subgenus, is described. MATERIAL AND METHODS Table 1 shows the studied Speleotyphlus species and specimens. Some specimens were washed in distilled water and prepared for microscopic examination with slides, glass coverslips and acetate sheets, using dimethyl hydantoin formaldehyde (DMHEF). Most specimens were prepared following traditional methods, glued onto entomologic cards. A NEW SPECIES MICROTYPHLUS FROM VALENCIA 171 TABLE 1. Material examined Species Number of Location Deposit specimens collection M. (S.) aurouxi 14,3% Avenc d’En Serenge, Cabanes (Castellôn — Spain), 25-1V-2006, A. Sendra leg. VMO/AU 14,1? Avenc d’En Serenge, Cabanes (Castellén — Spain), 06-II1-2008, V.M. Ortuño leg. VMO/AU M. (S.) jusmeti 14,1? Avenc del Mas d’Abad, Coves de Vinromà (Castellôn — Spain), 04-IX-2005, A. Sendra leg. VMO/AU M. (S.) fadriquei 1 4 Cova d’En Masega, Llaberia (Tarragona — Spain), 14-IV-2008, F. Fadrique leg. [new locality] VMO/AU M. (S.) virgilii 1 4 Cova Bonica, Ulldecona (Tarragona — Spain), 11-VI-2006, A. Sendra leg. VMO/AU M. (S.) infernalis n. sp. See type series The aedeagus was extracted from the abdomen and separated from the tergal apodemal ring; the parameres were separated from the associated membranes at the surface of the median lobe. Genitalia were mounted in dimethyl hydantoin formal- dehyde (DMHF) and placed on an acetate slide. A routine procedure was followed to prepare the female reproductive appen- dages for scanning microscopy. The terminal abdominal segments of the female were gently squeezed with forceps and placed in a saturated KOH solution for eight hours. After that, they were washed in Scheerpeltz’s solution (see Ortuño ef al., 1992: 148) and opened dorsally to check the alkaline digestion. Staining was carried out with Chlorazol black E® in aqueous solution for 20 seconds under visual monitoring. The excess dye was removed by washing it in KOH, and the structures were washed again in Scheerpeltz’s solution. The female genital preparations were included in DMHEF and placed on an acetate slide. Two specimens of M. infernalis n. sp. were coated with palladium-gold for scanning electron microscopy (HITACHI S-4100). The specimens were then added to Vicente M. Ortuño’s (VMO/AU) collection at the Zoology and Physical Anthropology Department of the University of Alcalä, in the Museu Valencià d’Histôria Natural (MVHN), and the Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Genève (MHNG). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Microtyphlus (Speleotyphlus) infernalis n. sp. Figs 1-5 HOLOTYPE: d , Spain, Valencia, Serra, «Cova Soterranya» cave, [30SYJ155961, MGRS Datum: EUR-7]; 06-1-2004; A. Sendra leg.; VMO/AU coll. PARATYPES: 1 9 , collection locality as for holotype:; 06-IV-2003; MHNG coll. — 1 S and 1 ©, collection locality as for holotype; 18-IV-2004; VMO/AU coll. — 1 & (in microscopic 172 V. M. ORTUNO & A. SENDRA preparation), collection locality as for holotype; 18-IV-2004; VMO/AU coll. — 2 & , collection locality as for holotype; 06-I1-2004; VMO/AU and MVHN coll. — 1 © , collection locality as for holotype; 11-11-2005; MVHN coll. ETYMOLOGY: The name of the specific epithet comes from the ‘infernal’ (hellish) characteristics of the subterranean spaces, particularly from the name of the typical locality, ‘Soterranya’ (= subterranean). DIAGNOSIS: Possessing general Anillini characteristics. Lacking eyes (Figs 1 and 2e), and apterous. Depigmented integument showing isodiametric micro-sculpture (Figs 2a, 2b and 2d) and a sparse covering of short setae on the head, pronotum, and elytra. The pronotum’s posterior marginal setae are inserted in front of the posterior angles. The elytra are complete, elliptical and convex, covering almost the entire abdomen (Fig. 1). The male’s first segment anterior tarsus is slightly dilated. Length (from the mandible’s apex to the elytra’s end): 2.24-2.39 mm. DESCRIPTION: Head (Figs 1 and 2e) is as long (from the temples’ end to the clypeus) as it is wide (eye/ocular area). Mandibles are conspicuous. Typical Bembidinae’s labial and maxillary palps (Fig. 2f). Tetrasetulated labium (Fig. 2g) with complete labial prebasilar suture; the labium shows a shallowly notched apical margin, with each side of the lateral lobe having a narrowly obtuse apex. Labrum is trapezoidal. Antennae are filiform (Fig. 1) (not monoliform, as in Anillini’s endogean forms), setulated and covered with tomentum from the second to the 111" antennomeres. Its antennae show several features which have also been observed in other Anillini (see Ortuño & Sendra, 2007): the last antennomeres are provided with several different sensillar types, mainly sensilla trichodea and sensilla chaetica, but the most conspi- cuous are two types which are located all along the last antennomeres, the sensilla coeloconica or sensilla ampulacea-type chemo-receiver pores, and one of the types of finger-shaped sensilla chaetica, both of them sparse and gathered at sub-apical areas (Fig. 3a and 3b). Ocular area is smooth, lacking eyes and ocular scars. The cephalic disk shows a scarce micro-pubescence which 1s more dispersed than on the pronotum and the elytra. Cephalic chaetotaxia (Figs 1 and 2e): one seta in the mandible’s scrobe; six labral setae (the more external they are, the longer); one seta on each side of the clypeus; one seta on the distal side of each front sulci; two supraocular setae (anterior and posterior) on each side of the head. The cordiform pronotum is slightly wider than longer. The edges are rounded in the two anterior thirds and sinuous in the posterior third. The anterior angles become inconspicuous, while the posterior ones are straight and sharp. The pronotal disk is crossed by a soft longitudinal sulcus. The side canal is wide and regular. Pronotal chaetotaxia (Fig. 1): two marginal setae (on each side): the anterior one at the distal quarter and the posterior one in the vicinity of the angle. The prosternum (Fig. 3d) has a tongue-shaped intercoxal apophysis. Elytra are elliptical and convex (Fig. 1) covering almost the entire abdomen, 1.5 times longer than wide (maximal width approximately at middle). Humeral region is rounded and fairly pronounced (little prominent shoulders) (Figs 1 and 2c). The side margin is slightly serrated on its two anterior thirds and edged by short setae (Fig. 2c). The scutellum is big and triangular, lacking stretch marks. À NEW SPECIES MICROTYPHLUS FROM VALENCIA FIG. 1 Habitus of Microtyphlus (Speleotyphlus) infernalis n. sp. (scale: 0.5 mm). V. M. ORTUNO & A. SENDRA FIG. 2 Scanning electron microscope photography of Microtyphlus (Speleotyphlus) infernalis n. sp. (a) Micro-sculpture of the cephalic disk. (b) Micro-sculpture of the pronotal disk. (c) Elytron humeral area (d) Micro-sculpture of the elytron. (e) Head in dorsal view. (f) Labial pieces and maxillary palps. (g) Labium and prebasilar setae. A NEW SPECIES MICROTYPHLUS FROM VALENCIA 175 FIG. 3 Scanning electron microscope photography of Microtyphlus (Speleotyphlus) infernalis n. sp. (a) Last antennomeres. (b) Detail of the XI-antennomere (black arrow: sensilla coeloconica; White arroW: finger-shaped sensilla chaetica).(c) Metatarsus. (d) Prosternum. Elytral chaetotaxia (Figs 1 and 2c): the parascutellar pore 1s located at a level with the elytral suture; three distal setae (anterior seta at a level with the second umbi- licated seta; middle seta slightly ahead of the fourth umbilicated seta; posterior seta ahead of the seventh umbilicated seta; the umbilicated series is made up of nine setae. The second, sixth, and ninth setae are very long. The first three setae are gathered to- gether and equidistant. The fourth seta is very distant from the third one and from the fifth-sixth pair (which are very close together); the seventh, eighth and ninth setae form a triangle (without a geminate pair); the apical seta is almost aligned with the posterior disk seta. The legs (Fig. 1) are longer than what is usual in other Anillini Iberian genera. The first protarsomere is slightly dilated and ventrally covered by adhesive phaneres in the male (there is no other secondary sexual dimorphism on the legs). The mesal surface of the protibia bears a cleaning organ. Both the meta- and the mesotarsi are strongly setulose and show a markedly elongated first tarsomere, which is nearly as long as the next four tarsomeres combined (Figs. 1 and 3c). Coxae show micro-sculp- ture (F1g. 3d). 176 V. M. ORTUNO & A. SENDRA The abdomen is ventrally setulose. The female’s last sternum shows four long setae near the apical margin, whereas the male bears only two. The aedeagus (Figs. 4a and 4b) has a short, voluminous median lobe; its most sclerotised areas are the internal piece, the basal lamina, the apex, and the region where the parameres are articulated. The basal lamina bends towards the slightly raised apex. The apex bends towards the right in the dorsal view. The lobe media is very poorly sclerotised, especially at the base. The internal sac is voluminous, mainly membranous, with a long helminthoid-shaped sclerite and a dorsal sulcus in an anterior position. The parameres are asymmetrical; the right one is smaller, and both are bisetulated. Female genitalia are shown in Figs 5a and 5b. The genital shield is made up of three pieces at both sides of the plane of symmetry: dimerous IX-gonopods (gono- coxite + gonosubcoxite) plus a IX-laterotergite. The IX-gonocoxite is unguiform, very sclerotised, with two long setae inserted close to the external edge: one of them is located on the ventral surface, while the other one is on the dorsal surface; the gono- coxite shows a mediodorsal fovea, in which a thin, long sensory seta is housed. The IX-gonocoxite, little sclerotised and lacking setae, is almost two times longer than wide. The IX-laterotergite 1s aliform, oblique, and shightly sclerotised, showing a membranous basal margin bearing 15 medium-length spine-shaped setae. The sperma- thecal complex is partially membranous (Fig. 5b).The duct of the spermatheca is short (less than 0.1 mm), sinuous, and thick over the entire length. The spermatheca 1s slightly sclerotised, bacilliform, and twice as long as wide. The spermathecal gland is large and sclerotised in the distal half and in part of the proximal half, pouring into the middle region of the seminal receptacle. TAXONOMIC REMARKS: Jeanne (1973) placed the genus Speleotyphlus inside the Scotodipnina subtribe. In an Iberian context, it shows affinities with the genera Microtyphlus, Hypotyphlus and Aphaenotyphlus. Recently Ortuño & Sendra (2007), downgraded Speleotyphlus to a subgenus of Microtyphlus. Dealing with the study of a new Speleotyphlus is a difficult task in spite of the small number of identified species. The original descriptions are often inaccurate and lacking in detail, and can occasionally even be misleading. In this context, it 1s worth mentioning à very significant aspect: the tegument micro-sculpture. The depth of the micro-sculpture varies, and has been used to distinguish Speleotyphlus species. However, there are no illustrations thus far, and therefore differences in micro-sculp- ture depth have thus far been sparsely used. Most of the diagnostic value of micro- sculpture cannot be exploited until a thorough taxonomic revision of the group has been conducted. The problem is best exemplified by M. aurouxi, which reportedly has a smooth tegument (without micro-sculpture) (Español, 1999: 57; Vives et al., 2002: 99), but close observation under an optical microscope revealed that a micro-sculptu- re 1s present, although admittedly it 1s rather shallow. Another problem of significant taxonomical importance concerns the aedeagi. Based on our experience, these structures easily lose their shape when prepared for optical microscopy using traditional techniques instead of DMHF without pressing the genital structures (see Materials and Methods). Perhaps this is the reason why Español (1966, 1999) reported two different interpretations of the aedeagus of M. (S.) aurouxi. The larger size and a combination of features compared to other Anillini differentiate M. infernalis n. sp. from other species among the known Speleotyphlus of A NEW SPECIES MICROTYPHLUS FROM VALENCIA 177 Les Rene, FIG. 4 Male genitalia of Microtyphlus (Speleotyphlus) infernalis n. sp. (a) Left side of median lobe and parameres in lateral view. (b) Median lobe in dorsal view (scale: 0.1 mm). the ‘Microtyphlus-Hypotyphlus-Aphaenotyphlus phyletic series’. Despite an external morphology which places it among the Speleotyphlus, the configuration of the aedea- eus in M. infernalis n. sp. strongly differs from that of the rest of this species group. Interestingly, the type of aedeagus, including its conspicuous apex bending to the right- hand side and the singular sclerotised piece on the internal sac, is very similar to that in Aphaenotyphlus alegrei (Ortuño & Sendra, 2007). This fact could actually mean that Speleotyphlus 1s an artificial group bringing together several lineages related to Microtyphlus, and showing adaptations to the hypogean environment. The genital characteristics of M. infernalis n. sp. bring it closer to À. alegrei, Without rejecting the possibility of its being an ‘aphaenopsian” representative of Speleotyphlus (sensu lato). In addition, the geographical proximity between these two species (Fig. 7) strengthens the hypothesis of their close relationship, and of the possible paraphyly of Speleotyphlus. Microtyphlus infernalis n. sp. shows several morphological characteristics which support its distinction from other similar species. As in other Anillini, the male genitalia are diagnostic (Figs 4 and 6). Microtyphlus infernalis n. sp. is the most southern species of its subgenus (Fig. 7). It was found at nearly 60 kilometres from the locality where the nearest species M. aurouxi occurs. Microtyphlus infernalis n. sp. has an aedeagus (Fig. 4) which is very distinct from that of M. (S.) aurouxi (Fig. 6a). Furthermore, in the new species, the posterior angles of the pronotum are conspicuous, the elytra are elliptical (1.5 times longer than wide), and its shoulders are slightly prominent. M. aurouxi differs considerably in that 178 V. M. ORTUNO & A. SENDRA FIG. 5 Microtyphlus (Speleotyphlus) infernalis n. Ssp., female genitalia (a) Right-side of external genitalia (= genital shield) in ventral view. (b) Spermathecal complex. (scales, a: 0.1 mm and b: 0.05 mm). the pronotum has obtuse posterior angles (more or less rounded), its elytra are propor- tionally narrower and longer (two times longer than wide), and its shoulders are much less prominent. This last characteristic makes it easy to distinguish M. aurouxi from the rest of the Microtyphlus species. Microtyphlus infernalis n. sp. also differs from M. jusmeti by its aedeagal characteristics (Figs 4 and 6b), especially in the shape of the apical lamina and of the sclerites of the internal sac. In addition, M. jusmeti is the most robust species of Speleotyphlus. This species shows an almost transversal pronotum (slightly cordiform) with its posterior angles acuminated (projected outward), and the elytra with very prominent shoulders. Despite their differences, M. infernalis n. sp., M. aurouxi, and M. jusmeti have a narrow and elongate aedeagal apex in common. This characteristic is absent in the aedeagus of M. fadriquei, whose apex 1s thick and short (Fig. 6c). M. infernalis n. sp. and M. fadriquei also present distinguishing elytral outlines. M. comasi differs notably from M. infernalis n. Sp. in that its elytra are noticeably sub-parallel, longer (two times longer than wide), having very prominent shoulders (almost angular). Both species have a cordiform pronotum, but it is a bit wider than long in M. infernalis n. sp., while it 1s as long as wide in M. comasi. Finally, M. infernalis n. sp. is approximately one-third longer than M. virgilir. Moreover, the aedeagus of M. virgilii is not prominent and has a very little sclerotised apex, as well as an internal sac with very slightly sclerotised structures (Fig. 6d), while M. infernalis n. Sp. has a conspicuous apical lamina, and the internal sac has a large and remarkably sclerotised internal piece. A NEW SPECIES MICROTYPHLUS FROM VALENCIA 179 FIG. 6 Male genitalia (median lobe and parameres in left lateral view) of Speleotyphlus species. (a) Microtyphlus (S.) aurouxi. (b) Microtyphlus (S.) jusmeti. (c) Microtyphlus (S.) fadriquei. (d) Microtyphlus (S.) virgilii. (scale: 0.1 mm). KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SPELEOTYPHLUS SUBGENUS: la 1b 24 2b 3a 3b 4a Pronotum with obtuse, slightly rounded posterior angles. Elytra are elliptic with barely marked shoulders. Aedeagus (Fig. 6a) with an acuminated apex; basal lamina very sclerotised; internal sac with a tWapezodahsciernite. Lensth:22-2/%mm. .:11..1:,1.1...1., M. (S.) aurouxi Pronotum with right or acute posterior angles. Vertex blunt or conspicuous . (2) Elytra sub-parallel, twice as long as wide; shoulders protruding and an- ua Male unknown; Eength:2 mms! . 4408 0. M. (S.) comasti Elytra 1.5 to 1.8 times longer than wide; shoulders more or less pro- rnb one er aneuanet MIO ARE, RIRE AL EN D An 4% (3) Pronotum with posterior angles very protruding. Shoulders well marked . ..(4) Pronotum with posterior angles hardly protruding. Shoulders barely D OR ER DAS ANIME LOL UN Bus es LE. (5) Pronotum with acute and little diverging posterior angles. Antennae moniliform. Aedeagus curved with a widely rounded apex; large inner sac with a slightly sclerotised piece, elongated like a rectangular lamina is 00) ent 10722 kms ae lomn: L aus amune aus La M. (S.) fadriquei 180 V. M. ORTUNO & A. SENDRA 4b Pronotum with blunt, sub-right posterior angles. Antennomeres oval. Aedeagus (Fig. 6b) with acuminated apex; very sclerotised basal lamina; inner sac showing a slightly sclerotised piece with an ill-defined outline. Length:.2:1-2.6 mas. , AE ÉRR M. (S.) jusmeti Sa Longer and more stylised appendages: filiform antennae; metatarsus with its first tarsomere (more than 10 times longer than wide) longer than the combination of the other four. Aedeagus (Fig. 4) with a promi- nent, slightly raised, rounded, sclerotised apex; inner sac with a long, helminthoid-looking sclerotised piece. Length: more than 2 mm (2.24- 2.39 TN): 52. NO Re OR. CURE M. (S.) infernalis n. sp. 5b Considerably shorter appendages: moniliform antennae; metatarsus with its first tarsomere (five times longer than wide) shorter than the combination of the other four. Aedeagus (Fig. 6d) with a non-sclerotised, non-prominent, rounded apex; inner sac With an approximately spatu- liform, strongly sclerotised piece. Length: less than 2 mm. .... M. (S.) virgilit SUBTERRANEAN ECOSYSTEM: The typical locality of M. infernalis n. sp. is a sub- terranean space known as the ‘Cova Soterranya”’. This cave is located at a height of 400 m in the ‘Serra Calderona’ (F1g. 7), a mountain range separating the Palancia and Turia river basins between the provinces of Valencia and Castellén (Spain). The ‘Serra Calderona” region 1s part of the eastern foothills of the Iberian Mountain Range’s Castilian Branch (Garay, 1995). The ‘Cova Soterranya’ is 1 810 m long with a slope that descends 100 m (Fernändez et al. 1980). It is made up of a combination of tectonic shapes and karstic dissolving, dug out in liasic limestone during the Inferior Jurassic period. Its morpho- logy is extremely labyrinthine, with a continuous series of rooms and crevices pre- senting an outstanding clastic morphology which is sometimes interrupted by lithochemical processes of some significance (Garay, 2001). Microtyphlus infernalis n. Sp. has been found in three particular areas between 20 and 50 meters from the entrance. Two are located in the galleries which give access to the so-called ‘Salé Gran’, and the third is in the highest and dampest level of this room. The specimens are usually found under stones that are slightly or not at all buried in the wet soil and clay substratum resulting from a scant filtration of water runoff. When measured, room temperature oscillated between 15 and 16° C, and the relative humidity exceeded 85%. These areas are located in the aphotic zone, and are somewhat affected by variations in abiotic factors. The rare trophic resources have different Origins, primarily organic remains coming from the outside, with some leaves and little sticks, as well as micro-mammal and chiroptera excrement, apart from invertebrate remains that are generally in different degrees of decomposition due to the presence of saprophytic fungi. M. infernalis n. sp. lives in a community comprising a number of secondary consumers (principally detritivores) and, to a lesser extent, some micro- and macro- predators. Among the consumers, two troglobitic elements are remarkable. First 1s Anillochlamys subtruncatus Jeannel, 1930, a leiodid beetle which is found in several cavities throughout the Valencian-Castellonian regions of El Camp de Turia, La Plana A NEW SPECIES M/CROTYPHLUS FROM VALENCIA FIG. 7 Eastern Iberian Peninsula map with Speleotyphlus and Aphaenotyphlus species distribution. (Coastal M.R.: Coastal Mountain Ranges): 1. M. (S.) fadriquei from Avenc de la Llamborda (Tarragona); 2. M. (S.) virgilii from Cova Bonica (Tarragona); 3 and 4. M. (S.) jusmeti from Cova dels Encenalls and Cova del Mas d’Abat (Castellén); 5. M. (S.) comasi from Cueva del Turcacho (Teruel): 6. M. (S.) aurouxi from Avenc d’En Serenge (Castellôn); 7. M. (S.) infernalis n. sp. from Cova Soterranya (Valencia); 8 and 9. A. alegrei from Cova Dones and Cova de les Gralles (Valencia). 182 V. M. ORTUNO & A. SENDRA Baixa, and El Alto Mijares (Salgado, 2006). Second is Paratachycampa peynoensis Bareth & Condé, 1981 (Sendra, 2006), a dipluran species found exclusively in caves in the ‘Serra Calderona”. The latter species 1s included in the ‘Valencian Catalogue of Threatened Fauna” as ‘vulnerable” (DOGV, 2004). Many other troglophile species live together with these troglobites. Among them, Armadillidium espanyoli Cruz, 1990 (Garcia Socias, 2006) and the gastropod Hypnophila malagana Gittenberger & Menkhorst, 1983 stand out, in addition to several mites and collembolan species as well as a variety of preimagal stages of beetles. Among the most abundant predators we can find Lithobius Leach, 1814 (myriapoda), liniphid arachnids, opillions like Leiobonum levantinum Prieto & Fernändez, 2007, and Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) (pseudoscorpionida). Staphylinidae beetles are also abundant, especially Sepedophilus cavicola (Scriba, 1870) and, to a lesser extent, a troglobite macro-predator: the carabid Laemostenus (Antisphodrus) levantinus Bolivar, 1919. M. infernalis n. Sp. 1s thus part of a biocoenosis with opportunist elements and a smaller number of troglobite forms, and is more diverse than those found in deeper zones of the cave. The trophic factors influencing the composition of these troglobitic biocoenoses have been outlined by Poulson & Lavoie (2000). Although bat guano is part of the trophic resources of the troglobitic biocoenosis, M. infernalis n. Sp. has not been found in areas with the largest amounts of guano (= presence of bat colonies). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are indebted to the electron microscopy facility at the Universitat de València, especially to Enrique Navarro, Pilar Gémez, and Tomas Montän, for their help and instructions when preparing the material for scanning electron microscopy and taking the photographs. This study has been partially financed through: Caracteritzacié, desenvolupament i recerca del catàleg d’avencs als espais naturals protegits de la Comunitat Valenciana, of the Conselleria de Medi Ambient, Aigua, Urbanisme i Habitatge, Servei de Conservaci6 1 Gestié de la Biodiversitat, Generalitat Valenciana. Special thanks to the renowned biospeleologist Floren Fadrique and Santiago Teruel and for their collaboration in the search for and collection of M. (S.) fadriquei, and also to Chema Rabasa for helping us translate this paper. Also thanks to O. from ‘“Alberdo”, forever and ever. REFERENCES CASALE, À., VIGNA-TAGLIANTI, À. & JUBERTHIE, CH. (1998) Coleoptera Carabidae. /n: JUBERTHIE, C. & DECU, V. 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Luz, M neapde 4 éd tds 1 ét: osé el SR he bal rs LU dia 1 Jaroiée teste Jr RD MERS pr PP PTE £ a AN in 2e "AR Hé EE go pr ” dus. ver: + | ee | té we sci Curnt KE +) 2 TN tee if Le Pos. “' RE LE D vs . . REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE Tome 117 — Fascicule 1 GERMANN, Christoph. Osellaeus bonvouloiri occidentalis sSp. nov. from the Vercors (France) — an alpine element of its distributional limits ms nue nsc uns ie BAVIERA, Cosimo. Alaocyba ientilei n. sp. (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea, Raymondionymidae) dell’Isola di Marettimo (Isole Egadi, Sicilia) . .. HOLLIER, John. An annotated list of type specimens of Orthoptera (Insecta) described by Ferdinand Karsch and deposited in the collections of the Muséum d'histoire naturelle de la Ville de Genève ............... HOLLIER, John. An annotated catalogue of the primary type specimens of the Orthoptera (Insecta) species described by Johann Carl and Adolf nie à ae qe eo ax es NGUYEN, Quang Truong, DAVID, Patrick, TRAN, Thanh Tung, LUU, Quang Vinh, LE, Khac Quyet & ZIEGLER, Thomas. Amphiesmoides ornaticeps (Werner, 1924), an addition to the snake fauna of Vietnam, with a redescription and comments on the genus Amphiesmoides Malnate, AMIE 2. - - . : . a dolaie te ent mieu BAYER, Steffen & JÂGER, Peter. Expected species richness in the genus Prin ao (Arancae: PSECHFIOAE) 2 ue ue b à ans d'un es SCHMIDT-RHAESA, Andreas & GUSICH, Valeria Viktoria. À new Gordionus MÜLLER, 1927 from Switzerland (Nematomorpha, Gordiida) ....... YEFREMOVA, Zoya, YŸEGORENKOVA, Ekaterina & BOYADZHIEV, Peter. Taxonomical Notes on Neotrichoporoides bulgaricus Graham, 1987 LEUR TS A TR 10 570) EN BARTAK, Miroslav & KuBik Stépän. Three new European species of the Rhamphomyia (s. str.) melania group (Diptera: Empididae) ........ LAZAROV, Stoyan & NAUMOVA, Maria. Two new Harpactea from Bulgaria A Te Le en e à don led ta nn 4 mon Do LiNH SAN, Emmanuel, FERRARI, Nicola & WEBER, Jean-Marc. Circadian activity patterns and nocturnal resting sites of Eurasian badgers (Meles males Lin a rural ares of western Switzerland... ............. DANKITTIPAKUL, Pakawin & SINGTRIPOP, Tippawan. The spitting spider family Scytodidae in Thaïland, with descriptions of three new Dictis Loose, FARKAC, Jan & WRASE, David W. Two new species of genus Leistus Frühlich, 1799 from Turkey (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Nebriini) ...... SMALES, Lesley R. Plagiorhynchidae (Acanthocephala) including the description of a new species from birds from the Republic of the Côte ne ns aus Res BENJAMIN, Suresh P. & JALEEL, Ziyard. The genera Haplotmarus Simon, 1909 and /ndoxysticus gen. nov.: two enigmatic genera of crab spiders from the Oriental region (Araneae: Thomisidae) ................. ORTUNO, Vicente M. & SENDRA, Alberto. Description of Microtyphlus (Spe- leotyphlus) infernalis n. sp. from Valencia (eastern Iberian Peninsula), and review of the present state of knowledge of this hypogean sub- scaus (Coleoptera: Carabidaë: Anillini}:, 14.254980 lines... Pages 3-10 11-16 17-22 23-44 45-56 57-75 77-82 83-88 89-100 101-110 111-119 121-141 143-152 153-158 159-167 169-183 REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE Volume 117 — Number 1 GERMANN, Christoph. Osellaeus bonvouloiri occidentalis ssp. nov. from the Vercors (France) — an alpine element of its distributional limits (Coléoptera ADIOMOAE) ET ER EE BAVIERA, Cosimo. Alaocyba ientilei n. sp. (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea, Raymondionymidae) from Marettimo Island (Egadi Archipelago, SACLEV) 2 2 Fate Pa eee ce de ee CS EE ETES HOLLIER, John. An annotated list of type specimens of Orthoptera (Insecta) described by Ferdinand Karsch and deposited in the collections of the Muséum'd'histoire naturelle de RNMIe deGenEVE Eee HOLLIER, John. An annotated catalogue of the primary type specimens of the Orthoptera (Insecta) species described by Johann Carl and Adolf PTIZE : 24 4 BLOGUE ISA PR CR NGUYEN, Quang Truong, DAVID, Patrick, TRAN, Thanh Tung, LUU, Quang Vinh, LE, Khac Quyet & ZIEGLER, Thomas. Amphiesmoides ornaticeps (Werner, 1924), an addition to the snake fauna of Vietnam, with a redescription and comments on the genus Amphiesmoides Malnate, 1961 (Squamata: Natricidae) EC RP EE BAYER, Steffen & JÂGER, Peter. Expected species richness in the genus Psechrus in Laos (Araneac- Peche) CR SCHMIDT-RHAESA, Andreas & GUSICH, Valeria Viktoria. À new Gordionus MÜLLER, 1927 from Switzerland (Nematomorpha, Gordnda) ....... YEFREMOVA, ZoYa, YEGORENKOVA, Ekaterina & BOYADZHIEV, Peter. Taxonomical Notes on Neotrichoporoides bulgaricus Graham, 1987 (Hymenopiera; Eulophidae) Re BARTAK, Miroslav & KUBiK Stépän. Three new European species of the Rhamphomyia (s. str.) melania group (Diptera: Empididae) ........ LAZAROV, Stoyan & NAUMOVA, Maria. Two new Harpactea from Bulgaria (Araneas: Dysderidäe) : SSSR RS Do LINH SAN, Emmanuel, FERRARI, Nicola & WEBER, Jean-Marc. Circadian activity patterns and nocturnal resting sites of Eurasian badgers (Meles melés L:) in'a rural are d'Ol WÉEStEN S WITZEANO PR DANKITTIPAKUL, Pakawin & SINGTRIPOP, Tippawan. The spitting spider family Scytodidae in Thaïland, with descriptions of three new Dictis spécies (Araneae) 2 RL RME ERREUR EAN RSR FARKAC, Jan & WRASE, David W. Two new species of genus Leistus Frôühlich, 1799 from Turkey (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Nebruni) . ..... SMALES, Lesley R. Plagiorhynchidae (Acanthocephala) including the description of a new species from birds from the Republic of the Côte d'Ivoire, AÎTICA ste rs ARNO RE ER EE RE BENJAMIN, Suresh P. & JALEEL, Ziyard. The genera Haplotmarus Simon, 1909 and /ndoxysticus gen. nov.: two enigmatic genera of crab spiders from the Oriental region (Aranéae#Thomisidae) AP OP ORTUNO, Vicente M. & SENDRA, Alberto. Description of Microtyphlus (Spe- leotyphlus) infernalis n. sp. from Valencia (eastern Iberian Peninsula), and review of the present state of knowledge of this hypogean sub- 2Cnus (Coleoptera: Carabidae:: Amilo) ee EE ORPRRRARE Indexed in CURRENT CONTENTS, SCIENCE CITATION INDEX 11-16 17-22 23-44 45-56 57-75 77-82 83-88 89-100 101-110 111-119 121-141 143-152 153-158 159-167 169-183 PUBLICATIONS DU MUSEUM D'HISTOIRE NATURELLE DE GENÈVE CATALOGUE DES INVERTEBRES DE LA SUISSE, NOS 1-17 (1908-1926) ........ série Fr. (prix des fascicules sur demande) ENT PP PRAEÉOBIOLOGIE 1... use. Echange ou par fascicule Fr. LE RHINOLOPHE (Bulletin du centre d’étude des chauves-souris) ....... par fascicule Fr. THE EUROPEAN PROTURA: THEIR TAXONOMY, ECOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION, WITH KEYS FOR DETERMINATION ne eu eu te re SU ao a An Fr. CLASSIFICATION OF THE DIPLOPODA te Dana a ce mn sm pu cu am n mû pad à vd de a ee Fr. LES OISEAUX NICHEURS DU CANTON DE GENÈVE P. GÉROUDET, C. GUEX & M. MAIRE UE nues Caen ec heures 1989... une done nero Fr. CATALOGUE COMMENTÉ DES TYPES D'ECHINODERMES ACTUELS CONSERVES DANS LES COLLECTIONS NATIONALES SUISSES, SUIVI D'UNE NOTICE SUR LA CONTRIBUTION DE LOUIS AGASSIZ À LA CONNAISSANCE DES ECHINODERMES ACTUELS M Ra à à eus pus on on d5ie eo évmie dep ee nie Fr. RADULAS DE GASTÉROPODES LITTORAUX DE LA MANCHE (COTENTIN-BAIE DE SEINE, FRANCE) D RER ONCE IS MAREDA /602p. 190102... .....,.,.:,..444 eus. Fr. GASTROPODS OF THE CHANNEL AND ATLANTIC OCEAN: SHELLS AND RADULAS CES NAREDA TI PL eu. 0 dunes deu d'a ete Fr. ©. SCHMIDT SPONGE CATALOGUE RS DESOUEYROUX-FAUNDEZ 6S-M STONE, 190, p., 1992 ..................:.:. SON € à ATLAS DE RÉPARTITION DES AMPHIBIENS ET REPTILES DU CANTON DE GENEVE PEER Ne AI LEN EC Ve MARNERT-46p..19093% ..::1.4....0 2. ue Fr. THE MARINE MOLLUSKS OF THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS: A DOCUMENTED FAUNAL LIST ne 2 à la nude name ane ace sue e wo EE à Glace Fr. NOTICE SUR LES COLLECTIONS MALACOLOGIQUES DU MUSEUM D'HISTOIRE NATURELLE DE GENEVE dr ls etat ae cle mac te sie die e ana ee à en Fr. PROCEEDINGS OF THE XIlIth INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF ARACHNOLOGY, Geneva 1995 (ed. V. MAHNERT), 720 p. (2 vol.), 1996 ...... Fr. CATALOGUE OF THE SCAPHIDIINAE (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE) trame honmversuafnsE); FE LOBL x + 1901p:, 1997 .:...:::...:....,,... Er. CATALOGUE SYNONYMIQUE ET GEOGRAPHIQUE DES SYRPHIDAE (DIPTERA) DE LA REGION AFROTROPICALE Cnstramenta Brodmwversttans lt); El" G.'DIRICEX, x +187 p., 1998 ...... ............ Fr. A REVISION OF THE CORYLOPHIDAE (COLEOPTERA) OF THE WEST PALAEARCTIC REGION (Instrumenta Biodiversitatis IT), S. BOWESTEAD, 203 p., 1999................... Fr. THE HERPETOFAUNA OF SOUTHERN YEMEN AND THE SOKOTRA ARCHIPELAGO (Instrumenta Biodiversitatis IV), B. SCHÂTTI & A. DESVOIGNES, on sn au nue de td ess à pdéte pas à Fr. PSOCOPTERA (INSECTA): WORLD CATALOGUE AND BIBLIOGRAPHY ({Instrumenta Biodiversitatis V), C. LIENHARD & C. N. SMITHERS, Rd une nn eit nié mené ae ace Fr: REVISION DER PALAARKTISCHEN ARTEN DER GATTUNG BRACHYGLUTA THOMSON, 1859 (COLEOPTERA, STAPHYLINIDAE) (1. Teil) (Instrumenta Biodiversitatis VI), G. SABELLA, CH. BÜCKLE, V. BRACHAT D DR D nn an ae do ta uame nes costume unes Fr. PHYLOGENY, TAXONOMY, AND BIOLOGY OF TEPHRITOID FLIES (DIPTERA, TEPHRITOIDEA) Proceedings of the “3rd Tephritoid Taxonomist’s Meeting, Geneva, 19.-24. July 2004” ({nstrumenta Biodiversitatis VIN). B. 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CIMEMCUEZ AFTER Len | é 1, À 4: Ninon | 5 : . e É A bi 1 FAYSE > IF VF 161 MIN ra EU ACTE AE . € LA past 6 130 MAC Cirré ÉPCOETTS TT ; | ' re , : ] ef ar ES Mr r ACTOR ee AM A 12 | Ar 17 Vis PU CPR sue w . EU Tue + MA ALT 0 n ME MATATSE y Fq bé j sata GMA: Mat MAT AE 94 4} [I : Le ' ] 0714 f L ! rt M ne phil t > A Z Â ” 1 en 2 ; + M 1% Lari 1 | | | À x 1 à EX : L \3 : De ë b ANT Le n . : e E" LA ; ( QE : Le n n | . Score Craft HN 0 Volume 117 - Number 1 - 2010 Revue suisse de Zoologie: Instructions to Authors The Revue suisse de Zoologie publishes papers by members of the Swiss Zoological Society and scientific results based on the collections of the Muséum d'histoire naturelle, Geneva. Submission of a manuscript implies that it has been approved by all named authors, that it reports their unpublished work and that it is not being considered for publication elsewhere. A financial contribution may be asked from the authors for the impression of colour plates and large manuscripts. 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