4RLF
SB 30T 010
THE
ROSE AMATEUR'S GUIDE :
CONTAINING AMPLE INSCRIPTIONS
ALL THE FINE LEADING VARIETIES OF ROSES,
REGULARLY CLASSED IN THEIR RESPECTIVE FAMILIES ; THEIR HISTORY, AND MODE OF CULTURE.
BY T. 1UVERS, JUN.
CORRECTED AND IMPROVED.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR,
LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, AND LONGMANS,
PATERNOSTER- ROW.
1843.
a...
LONDON :
Printed by A. SPOTTISWOODE, New-Street- Square.
PKEFACE
THIRD EDITION.
THE public Having so highly favoured me as to call for a Third Edition of this little work, I have endeavoured to show my gratitude by giving the result of long experience in the propagation of this now very popular flower. I am induced to flatter myself that the directions given in the following pages for propagation and for the culti- vation of roses in pots will be found both inter- esting and profitable to the amateur ; in the former I trust those given will be found sufficiently plain : but I must observe that a practical cultivator here finds some difficulty ; he, almost obstinately, sup- poses that every one must know something relative to those, with him, e very-day operations ; he is apt therefore not to go sufficiently into detail. I have, in writing on propagation, combatted this feeling; and humbly hope that what I have said will be found sufficiently explicit by an indulgent public.
Sawbridge worth, Nov. 8, 1843.
A 2
667889
PREFACE
SECOND EDITION.
IN giving a Second Edition of this little work to the public, I have to again beg indulgence, for I fear that more than I have been able to perform will be expected. Still I am induced to hope that my hints and instructions for raising roses from seed, most certainly original, will meet with the approbation of rose amateurs. And when I ad- duce as a fact, that some very pretty hybrid China Roses were raised from seed in York- shire, from a blush tea-scented rose, trained up the rafters of an old greenhouse, and fertilised with various hardy roses, it will certainly encou- rage those who live further south to hope for suc- cess without the aid of glass.
The fear of being tedious, and the little know- ledge I yet possess of the habits and flowers of many A 3
VI PREFACE.
of the new roses, has induced me not to attempt a description of all of them ; for till they have bloomed in the open ground, and under different circumstances, at least two seasons, a proper esti- mate cannot be formed of their qualities. As the leading characters of those are given in the cata- logue published annually in the autumn, which will always be sent by post on a paid application, I flatter myself this seeming omission will be excused. Instructions for budding, grafting, and other modes of propagating roses are given in every gardening book; I have not, therefore, thought it worth while to endeavour to impart any of my knowledge in those matters. But my principal motive for omitting this branch of rose culture is the impossibility of conveying by words any tangible idea of the nicer modes of practice : it is very easy to show how to insert a bud, or put on a graft, but almost impossible to tell it.
Roses may be struck from cuttings, and budded and grafted from March to September if the buds, grafts, and stocks are in a proper state. It is only incessant practice that can give this knowledge, as almost every family, and even different varieties of the same family, require peculiar treatment. A small volume might be written on this subject. Perhaps when the hoar frost of age has powdered
PREFACE. VU
me more plentifully than at present, and when the cultivation of this favourite flower is followed more for my pleasure than my business, I may possibly again attempt to make a little book about roses.
Sawbridgeworth, April, 1840.
INTRODUCTION.
So many rose amateurs have complained that it is extremely difficult to select, from the multi- plicity of roses now under cultivation, such va- rieties as are distinct and adapted for particular situations, though accurately enough described in a catalogue, I have presumed some practical ob- servations might be acceptable. I have also long felt the conviction, that a mere enumeration of the form and colour of the flower is not enough, particularly for the amateur with a small garden ; for he, of course, wishes to select a, few varieties, and those well adapted to the situation they are to occupy. As a guide, then, to the lovers of roses, this little treatise has been written in the few leisure moments allowed me by the unceasing cares of a general nursery business. I give the result of twenty years' experience, gained by the culture of choice roses on a much larger scale than any where in Europe. I say this advisedly, as from ten to twelve acres are here devoted to the cultivation of select named varieties. In noticing and describing the different roses in the following
X INTRODUCTION.
pages, though a cultivator of them for sale, I have endeavoured to lay aside all business prejudices, and only to view them as an admiring amateur. Varieties inserted in the catalogue, and not no- ticed here, are, in many cases, equally beautiful with those that are; but in these instances they perhaps much resemble them, or at least have no particular distinguishing traits. It may be asked, Why, then, are so many varieties enu- merated in the catalogue, if so few comparatively can be recommended ? To this I reply, that some roses resemble each other in the form and colour of their flowers, yet differ much in the cha- racter of their leaves, branches, and general habit. Some will also often bloom out of cha- racter, and imperfectly, one or two seasons con- secutively, while others of the same colour and of the same family are blooming well ; and then, perhaps, for a like period, the former will have their bright seasons of perfection, while the latter receive some blighting check ; so that it is almost necessary to have plants of different natures bear- ing flowers alike. I may also mention, that in moist showery weather, the flowers of some of the extremely double roses cannot open, but those of others less double, but like them in colour, will open freely, and bloom in great perfection.
INTRODUCTION. xi
These little facts are well known to the expe- rienced cultivator.
Some new roses inserted in the catalogue have only bloomed here one season, and perhaps not quite in perfection, so that an accurate descrip- tion could not be given of them : many of these are most undoubtedly fine varieties. In classing the roses in the following pages, and in the cata- logue, I have retained those that are but slightly hybridised in that division to which they have the nearest affinity; for instance, if a rose between the French and Provence roses has more of the characters of the former than of the latter, it is retained with the French roses, as it will group well with them, though not a pure French rose : this helps to avoid those numerous subdivisions with which most of the French catalogues are burdened, as they only tend to confuse the young amateur. In the descriptions, the colour of the flower is not always given, as the catalogue, of which this guide is only a companion, generally gives that correctly.
In forming a collection of roses from the French gardeners, great difficulty is often expe- rienced by their incorrectness in the names of their plants: this inattention, to call it by no worse name, has long been the bane of com-
Xll INTRODUCTION.
mercial gardening. In this country almost every nurseryman is now aware of the great respon- sibility he is under as to correct nomenclature ; but in France they manage these matters differ- ently, certainly not "better;" for if a Parisian cultivator raises a good rose from seed, and gives it a popular name, a provincial florist will imme- diately give some one of his seedlings, perhaps a very inferior rose, the same, so that there are often two or three roses bearing the same name ; and if the original, or most superior va- riety, is ordered, ten to one if you get it, as the French florist generally gives you that which is most convenient for him to send, quite regardless of what you wish for. This is carried to an extreme, of which only those well and intimately acquainted with roses can form a just idea.
I have now only to beg the indulgence of my readers. A man of business must be deficient in the many requisites of correct composition. I have endeavoured to be plain and explicit ; and cannot help flattering myself, that the instructions con- veyed in these insignificant pages may be the means of restoring many unfortunate neglected roses to health and vigour.
Sawbridgeworth, Herts, Nov. 20. 1837.
CONTENTS,
PART I. THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
Page
THE PROVENCE, OR CABBAGE, ROSE - 1
THE Moss ROSE - 8
THE FRENCH ROSE - - 21
HYBRID PROVENCE ROSES - 34?
HYBRID CHINA ROSES - 39
THE WHITE ROSE - - 59
THE DAMASK ROSE - - 62
THE SCOTCH ROSE - 67
THE SWEET BRIAR - 70
THE AUSTRIAN BRIAR - 73
THE DOUBLE YELLOW ROSE - - 77
CLIMBING ROSES. (The Ayrshire Rose) - 80
(Rosa Multiflora) - - 83
(The Evergreen Rose) - 86
(The Boursault Rose) - 91
(The Banksian Rose) - 93
(Hybrid Climbing Roses) - 95
TREATMENT OF THE SEED, SOWING, &c. - 99
PROPAGATION OF SUMMER ROSES - - 105
PROPAGATION BY CUTTINGS - 106 PROPAGATION BY BUDDING - 108
PROPAGATION BY GRAFTING - - 111
PLANTING - - - - - 115
XIV CONTENTS.
PART II. THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
Page
PERPETUAL ROSES - 116
HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSES - - 129
THE BOURBON ROSE - 134
THE CHINA ROSE - - 144
THE TEA-SCENTED CHINA ROSE - 152
THE MINIATURE ROSE - 162
THE NOISETTE ROSE - 164
THE MUSK ROSE - 174
THE MACARTNEY ROSE - 177
ROSA MICROPHYLLA - 180
PROPAGATION OF AUTUMNAL ROSES - 182
BUDDING ROSES IN POTS - - 184
DIRECTIONS FOR FORCING ROSES - - 185
CULTIVATION OF ROSES IN POTS FOR THE
GREENHOUSE - - 190
CULTURE OF HARDY ROSES IN POTS FOR
EXHIBITION ... 192
PLANTING - - 198
ABRIDGED LIST OF ROSES - - 200
LIST OF SHOW OR PRIZE ROSES - - 204
THE
SUMMER ROSE
THE PROVENCE, OR CABBAGE, ROSE.
(ROSA CENTIFOLIA.)
THIS rose has long and deservedly been the favourite ornament of English gardens; and if, as seems very probable, it was the hundred-leaved rose of Pliny, and the favourite flower of the Eomans, contributing in no small degree to the luxurious enjoyments of that great people, it claims attention as much for its high antiquity, as for its intrinsic beauty. 1596 is given by botanists as the date of its introduction to our gardens. That "prince of gardeners," Miller, says that it is the prettiest of all roses ; and this idea still prevails to a great extent in the agricul- tural districts of England, where, in the farm and cottage gardens, the Cabbage Rose and the Double Wall-Flower are the most esteemed inmates ; form- ing in their turns, with a sprig of rosemary, the
' 2-
2 THE SUMMER EOSE GARDEN.
Sunday bouquet of the respectable farm-servant and cottager.
The groves of Mount Caucasus are said to be its native places of growth, and also Languedoc and Provence; but the claims of these latter have ib$eu, disputed^ I lately wrote to a very old rose amateur in^Frarice for information on this point. > J3e iiifo^m^li^ that, the species with single flowers 'is found in a wild state in the southern provinces; it is therefore very probable that it was called the Provence Rose from growing more abundantly in that province : it has now, however, quite a dif- ferent name in France, for it is called the " Rose a Cent Feuilles/ from the botanical name, Rosa centifolia, or Hundred-leaved Rose. I must here confess that, when I was a young rose-fancier, this name often misled me, as I was very apt to think that it referred to the Scotch and other small and thickly-leaved roses, not for a moment supposing that the term was applied to the petals or flower-leaves.
Hybrid roses, between this and Rosa gallica, are called Provence Roses by the French amateurs of the present day. Our Provence, or Cabbage, Rose is exceedingly varied in the form and dis- position of its petals : the first in the catalogue, Anemoniflora, has those in the centre of the flower imperfect and partially fimbriated, giving it some- thing the appearance of a semi-double anemone ; whence its name.
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 3
The Celery-leaved Rose, or Rosa apiifolia, is also a curious rose, unlike any other : its leaves are, perhaps, as much like imperfectly curled parsley as celery. The curled Provence is as beautiful as curious, having fine globular-shaped flowers, with petals waved in a very peculiar manner. Dianthseflora, or the Pink-flowered Rose, is a curious variety, with imperfect lacini- ated petals, unlike any other rose, and something like a pink. Duchesne is a Provence Rose, a little hybridised, with very large, finely-shaped, and double flowers. Due d'Angouleme also slightly departs from the habits of the true Pro- vence Rose: this is a finely-shaped rose, of a vivid rose-colour. The Dutch, or Large Pro- vence, is exactly like the Old Cabbage Rose, and equally fragrant, but very much larger : this is a fine rose for forcing, but with fewer petals than some other varieties. Grande Agathe, also known as the Lacken Provence, is indeed a grand rose, remarkably double, and finely formed. Its flowers are of the palest flesh-colour : like some others of the true Provence Roses, its clusters of bloom are too heavy and pendulous to be seen with effect on dwarf plants. Illustre Beaute, or Celestine, is a hybrid Provence, with flowers extremely double, and not quite so globular as those of the true Provence Roses ; but a most beautiful rose, and a very abundant bloomer. The King of Holland is a very old variety, with immense glo- B 2
4 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
bular flowers, and curious sepals ; so that the flower-bud seems surrounded with leaves. The Monstrous Provence, Cabbage-leaved, or Centi- folia bullata, has that large and curious inflated foliage, which we have no expressive name for, but which the French call " bullee : " it is a vi- gorous-growing plant, with flowers like the Old Provence. La Reine de Provence really deserves to be the queen of this division. Its large and finely-shaped globular flowers have a good effect when suspended from a standard : these are of a pale lilac rose-colour, distinct and beautiful. The Scarlet Provence is an old variety, one of those misnomers that in flowers so often lead to disap- pointment: it was probably the first Provence Rose that made an approach to scarlet ; but the faint carmine of its flowers is very far removed from that rare colour among roses. The Spotted is a hybrid Provence of great beauty, with large globular flowers of the deepest rose-colour, deli- cately spotted. This fine rose has large leaves, and makes upright shoots of great luxuriance and vigour. The Striped Provence is a delicate variety, with flowers of a pale flesh-colour, often striped with red. This rose has smooth glaucous green shoots, and leaves much resembling the Striped Moss, and the Old White Moss.
The Unique Provence is a genuine English rose, which, I believe, was found by Mr. Grim- wood, then of the Kensington Nursery, in some
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 5
cottage-garden, growing among plants of the common Cabbage Rose. This variety was at first much esteemed, and plants of it were sold at very high prices. Most probably this was not a seedling from the Old Cabbage Kose, as that is too double to bear seed in this country, but what is called by florists a sporting* branch or sucker. In describing this and the next division I shall have occasion to notice more of these spontaneous deviations. The Striped Unique is one ; for this was not raised from seed, but, a flowering branch of the Unique having produced striped flowers, plants were budded from it, and the variety was " fixed," as the French florists term it. However, this is certainly not fixed ; for it is a most incon- stant rose, in some soils producing flowers beau- tifully striped, in others entirely red, and in the soil of this nursery most frequently pure white. In Sussex, where, this season (1837), it has bloomed finely in its variegated character, it has been honoured with a new name, and is now known as "the Maid of the Valley." The Wel- lington Provence is one of the largest of this division, something like Grand Bercam in the colour of its flowers, which are of a beautiful
* A term used to denote any portion of a plant departing from the character the entire plant should sustain. Thus, one stem of a carnation will often produce plain-coloured flowers, while the remainder of the plant has striped flowers : it is then said " to sport. "
B 3
6 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
deep rose, very double, but not quite so much so as those of the Dutch Provence. This forms a splendid standard. Wilberforce is a new variety, and very splendid. This and La Simplicite are slightly hybridised with some dark variety of Kosa gallica, which has greatly added to their beauty, as they both produce flowers approaching to dark crimson, a rare colour among Provence Roses.
Since the publication of the first edition but few additions have been made to this family. In Appendix, List No. 2. I have given the names of a few new varieties, among which the Superb Striped Unique may be mentioned, as being very beautiful and constant in its variegation ; it is of less vigorous growth than the common Striped Unique, its leaves are nearly round and deeply serrated: this is not the variety mentioned as being grown in Sussex, but a French variety, which was found among others, and propagated on account of its distinct character ; the same rose appears to have bloomed at Grimstone Park, Yorkshire, in great perfection. !
There are but two ways in which Provence Roses can be employed as ornaments to the flower-garden, — as standards for the lawn, and as dwarfs for beds. Standards of some of the varieties, if grown on a strong clayey soil, form fine objects of ornament, as their large globular flowers are so gracefully pendent. In this de-
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 7
scription of soil also, if grown as dwarfs, they will not flourish unless they are worked on the Dog Eose; but in light sandy soils it will be advisable to cultivate them on their own roots. The freedom with which they grow in the light sandy soils of Surrey points out this method of culture on such soils as the most eligible. In pruning, they require a free use of the knife : every shoot should be shortened to three or four buds. If not pruned in this severe manner, the plants soon become straggling and unsightly. In poor soils, they should have annually, in Novem- ber, a dressing of rotten manure on the surface of the bed, to be washed in by the rains of winter.
To raise Provence Eoses from seed, for which more full directions are given when treating of Moss Eoses in p. 20., the Wellington should be planted with, and fertilised by, the single Crimson Moss, and Le Grand Bercam with the Luxembourg Moss ; if seed can be procured from either of these varieties, thus fertilised, some fine crimson, and, what is also very desirable, pure Provence Eoses may be raised. As the characters of the true Provence Eose are so desirable, the object ought to be to endeavour to obtain deep crimson varieties, with all the pleasing qualities and perfume of the original. Wilberforce planted with the single Crimson Moss might possibly pro- duce seed ; but this variety is a hybrid, and, like many other hybrid roses, it does not bear seed so B 4
8 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
freely as those that are pure: but I shall have occasion to notice many exceptions to this, in giving instructions for raising new roses from seed: these instructions and hints, with the names of the best seed-bearing roses, will be given at the end of each article, and they will, I hope, form a valuable addition to this work.
THE MOSS ROSE.
(EOSA CENTIFOLIA MUSCOSA.)
The Moss Eose, or Mossy Provence Eose, is most probably an accidental sport or seminal variety of the common Provence Eose, as the Old Double Moss Eose, which was introduced to this country from Holland in 1596, is the only one mentioned by our early writers on gardening. If it had any claims to be ranked as a botanical spe- cies*, the single-flowering Moss Eose would have been the first known and described; but the Single Moss, as compared with the Double, is a new variety. Some few years since a traveller in Portugal mentioned that the Moss Eose grew
* Miller says, with a most remarkable simplicity, that he thinks it must be a distinct species, as it is so much more difficult of propagation than the common Provence Rose.
THE SUMMER EOSE GARDEN.
wild in the neighbourhood of Cintra ; but, most likely, the plants were stragglers from some garden, as I have never seen this assertion pro- perly authenticated. The origin of the Double Moss Eose, like that of the Old Double Yellow Eose (Eosa sulphurea) is therefore left to conjec- ture ; for gardeners in those days did not publish to the world the result of their operations and discoveries. As regards the Moss Eose I regret this; for it would be very interesting to know how and where this general favourite originated. Probably, when first noticed, gardening was of such small consideration, that the discovery of a rose, however remarkable, would not be thought worth registering. That it is merely an accidental sport of the common Provence Eose is strength- ened by the fact, that plants produced by the seed of the Moss Rose do not always show moss : perhaps not more than two plants out of three will be mossy, as I have often proved. Those that are not so are most evidently pure Provence Eoses, possessing all their characters. To show, also, the singular propensity of the varieties of Eosa centi- folia to vary, I may here mention that the common Moss Eose often produces shoots entirely destitute of moss. In the summer of 1836 I also observed a luxuriant branch of the Crimson, or Damask, which is generally more mossy than the Old Moss Eose, having a remarkable appearance. On ex- amination I found it nearly smooth. The next
10 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
season it had entirely lost its moss, and had pro- duced semi-double flowers, the exact resemblance of the Scarlet Provence. The White Moss is another instance of this singular quality, for that originated from a sporting branch; the Mossy de Meaux is also a curious deviation, the history of which will be given in the descriptive enume- ration following ; the Crested Moss, or Provence, is another case in point. It seems, therefore, very feasible that the Provence Rose, from being cul- tivated in Italy through so many ages, produced from seed, or more probably from a sporting branch, the Double Moss Hose, that is, a double Cabbage or Provence Eose, covered with that glandular excrescence which we term moss ; this branch or plant was propagated, and the variety handed down to us, perhaps, as much admired in the present day as when first discovered. These Eoses always have been, and I hope always will be, favourites : for what can be more elegant than the bud of the Moss Eose, with its pure rose- colour, peeping through that beautiful and unique envelope ?
The first in the catalogue is the Asepala, or Eosa muscosa asepala ; a new variety, something like the Provence Dianthseflora, curious, sometimes very pretty. The Blush Moss is a most beautiful variety of the colour of that well-known rose, the Celestial, — so exactly intermediate between the White Moss and the common, that it is quite ne-
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 11
cessary in a collection. The Crimson or Damask Moss, sometimes called the Tinwell Moss, was originated in the garden of a clergyman at Tinwell in Rutlandshire ; from thence sent to Mr. Lee of Hammersmith. As it was one of the first deep- coloured Moss Roses, it was much esteemed, and plants of it were sold at a high price. This is a more luxuriant grower than the Old Moss; its branches, leaves, and buds are also more mossy. It is an excellent rose for beds ; for, if its shoots are pegged to the ground with small hooks, the sur- face is soon covered with its luxuriant foliage and flowers. For this purpose it is better on its own roots, as worked plants so treated would throw up too many suckers. The French Crimson Moss is deeper in colour, and much more double than the preceding, not such a luxuriant grower, but one of the best Moss Roses we have. The Crested Moss, Crested Provence, or Rosa crestata, for it is known by these three names, is said to have been discovered growing from the crevice of a wall at Friburg in Switzerland. No rose can be more singular and beautiful than this. The buds, be- fore expansion, are so clasped by its fringed sepals, that they present a most unique and elegant ap- pearance, totally unlike any other rose. When the flower is fully expanded, this peculiar beauty vanishes, and it has merely the appearance of a superior variety of the Provence Rose. It should here be mentioned, that, if grown in a poor soi!3
12 THE SUMMEK ROSE GARDEN.
its buds often lose their crest, and come plain, like the Provence Rose. As a standard, this rose is very graceful, its large flowers and buds drooping from their weight. Mousseuse de Veillard has not yet Uoomed here in perfection. In colour it does not differ from the common moss; but it seems more dwarf and delicate in its habit, and more abundantly mossed. E'clatante is a Moss Rose, quite worthy of notice ; for it is so vigorous in its growth, that it soon forms a fine tree : its colour is also remarkably bright.
Moussue Partout is indeed all over moss ; for its leaves, branches, and buds are thickly covered. The flowers of this singular variety are much like the common Moss Rose. The Miniature Moss is one which I originated from seed in my endeavours to raise a superior dark variety from the Single Moss Rose. Its flowers are small, of a bright pink, and pretty, though only semi-double. The Prolific Moss is not the Prolifere of the French, but a dwarf variety of the common Moss, and a most abundant bloomer. This is known by the French florists as the Minor Moss : it is a most excellent variety to keep in pots for forcing. Prolifere, or Mousseuse Prolifere, is an old variety from France, producing very large flowers, which do not open well in wet weather ; but in dry hot seasons this is a fine rose. The Pompone Moss, or Mossy de Meaux, has for some years been a great favourite. This rose was found by Mr. Sweet
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 13
of the Bristol Nursery, at a garden at Taunton, Somersetshire, in 1814. He obtained possession of the plant for five pounds ; and afterwards dis- tributed the young plants at one guinea each. It was most probably an accidental sport from the Old Rose de Meaux, and not from seed, as that rose is too double to bear seed in this country. This is one of the prettiest of roses, and one of the first to make its appearance in June, glad- dening us with its early clusters of small and finely-shaped flowers. It is not well adapted for a standard ; for, when grafted or budded, it is but a short-lived plant, at least in the generality of soils ; on its own roots, in light rich soils, it may be grown in great perfection. The Perpetual White Moss is a Damask Kose : it is pretty only in bud; for, when expanded, the flower is ill- shaped. This made a great noise in the rose world when it first appeared ; but its reputation for beauty was much over-rated. However, if grown luxuriantly, it produces immense clusters of buds, which have a very elegant and unique appearance. This rose is a proof, often occurring, that florists are apt to designate a plant by some name descriptive of what they wish it to be, rather than of ivhat it is. The Perpetual Moss is not perpetual; but, like the Old Monthly Damask Rose, in moist autumns and in rich soils it some- times puts forth flowering branches. The Lux- embourg Moss, or " Ferrugineuse," has been
14 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
raised from seed, within these few years, in the Luxembourg Gardens. It is evidently much tinged with the dark colouring of some variety of Rosa gallica, and approaches to that grand desi- deratum, a dark crimson Moss Eose. This is most certainly a superb variety, of great luxuriance of growth, forming a fine standard : it will pro- bably be the parent of a dark Moss Kose still more splendid, as it bears seed freely. The Mottled Moss is the Mousseuse Prolifere, a large globular rose with petals that are crisp or curdled before its flowers open: this gave rise to its name of Mottled Moss. This rose does not open well in wet seasons, but is often very beautiful, and forms a fine standard.
The Scarlet Moss, the Mousseuse de la Fleehe of the French, from being originated at the town of La Fleehe, is a pretty brilliant rose, with flowers nestrly as small as the Pompone Moss, but not so double. The Spotted Moss is also a French variety ; but its spots do not add to its beauty in the eyes of the English florist ; though in France any distinguishing feature in a flower, however absurd, is seized with avidity to mark a variety. The Old Striped Moss is a singular rose, of deli- cate growth, often producing flower-stems and buds entirely without moss; still its glaucous foliage and striped flowers give the plant a pretty original appearance. The Sage-leaved Moss is a good double rose, remarkable only for its leaves,
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 15
which are much like those of the common sage. The Single Moss and Single Lilac Moss are desirable as being distinct, and capable of bearing seed from which new varieties may be raised. Eivers's Single Moss is inclined to be semi-double. This is a remarkably luxuriant grower, as is the Single Crimson Moss, a seedling which bloomed for the first time in the season of 1836; a rose quite worth notice, for its colour is beautiful ; and as it is a true Moss Rose, and bears seed abun- dantly, it will, I hope, be the parent of some first- rate varieties. The White Bath or Clifton Moss is a favourite and beautiful Rose : this owes its origin to a sporting branch of the common Moss, which was found in a garden at Clifton, near Bristol, about thirty years since, from whence it was distributed. The Old White Moss is, perhaps, a French variety, as the French cultivators, when speaking of the Clifton Moss, call it Mousseuse Blanche Anglaise ; and the Old White Moss, M. Blanche Ancienne. This has not so much moss as the Clifton, and is not pure white, but inclining to a pale flesh-colour: it is also much more delicate in habit.
To the Moss Roses described in the preceding pages may now be added Lancel, so named from its originator, which has the merit of producing the most beautiful of flower-buds. The moss with which they are enveloped is long and abundant, and of the most lively green ; its flowers, when
16 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
expanded, are of a deep reddish rose, rather irre- gular in shape : it is in its buds that this rose is interesting. The Agathe-leaved Moss, " Mous- seuse & Feuilles d'Agathe," is a new hybrid, be- tween the Rose gallica Agathe and the Moss Rose : its flowers are of a pale flesh-colour, rather irregular in form ; this is interesting from its singularity, but not by any means beautiful. Mousseuse de Metz proves to be a very pretty bright carmine Moss Rose, with flowers double and finely shaped ; in short, a rose quite worthy of cul- tivation.
The Scarlet Pompone, Pompone ecarlate, or Mousseuse Picciola, is a new variety, something like Mousseuse de la Fleche in character, but more dwarf, with flowers much smaller, and nearly or quite double ; it is a very pretty bright carmine rose, and will probably prove one of the prettiest of our dwarf Moss Roses.
A new striped Moss Rose, Mousseuse Panachee pleine, was received two years since from France ; this has proved a much prettier rose than I at one time thought it to be ; its flowers are pale flesh striped with pink, and generally constantly so ; sometimes half the flowers will be white, and the remaining petals of a bright rose colour.
Several moss roses have been lately introduced, most of them emanating from the Luxembourg Moss. I will take them in their alphabetical order, and begin with a Feuilles Pourpres, so
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN 17
named from its leaves being of a dark red in spring. This is a pretty, brilliant carmine rose, with flowers rather small, and will probably, when its character is more developed, prove to be worthy a place in a good collection. Alice Leroy, recently raised at Angers, that most favourable of all climates for raising roses from seed, is of a robust habit, giving full-sized double flowers, rather a deep rose tinged with lilac.
Anemone is a very distinct variety, with shoots very slender and graceful; flowers bright pink, petals incurved, much like those of some double anemonies. Celina is, however, one of the very best dark crimson moss roses we yet possess : its foliage has a peculiarly dark glossy-green tint, quite distinct; its flowers are large and double, but not quite full to the centre ; colour very bril- liant but deep crimson, in some seasons slightly tinged with purple : this will most probably su- persede the Luxembourg Moss, which only a few years since, was our only deep-coloured moss rose. Its habit is not quite so robust as that of the latter, which in some soils is almost too much so, making here shoots six feet in length in grow- ing seasons. The Crimson Pompone, or Oscar Foulard, raised from seed by M. Foulard of Le Mans, is small, with flowers quite double ; colour, red, tinged with purple: a pretty and distinct rose. Helene Mauget, and Hortensia are quite new roses, from that prolific parent the Luxem- c
18 THE SUMMER HOSE GARDEN.
bourg: they are pretty, but not enough distinct to be recommended: to the collector only they will prove interesting. Louise Colet is a re- markable and distinct variety, not so much in the colour of its flowers as in its curious leafy sepals, giving the flower a pretty and singular character. Malvina, raised by the same culti- vator at Angers, is really a good double rose ; the whole plant distinct in character; flowers full sized, and very double, of a bright rose-colour slightly tinged with lilac. Pompone Feu is a dwarf variety, with peculiar brilliant pink flowers, not quite double : this is a pretty dwarf rose, and should be planted with the other Pompone moss roses. Princess Royal was raised here from seed by crossing that old variety Mousseuse ponctuee with the Tuscany Rose. This would indeed be the most splendid of moss roses if its flowers were quite double; they are not so, but still more than semi-double, and the number of its petals seems to increase annually, as in the Single Crim- son Moss, which, from being quite single, is now semi-double. Princess Royal is, if possible, still more robust in its habit than the Luxembourg ; it makes shoots five to seven feet in one season ; its leaves and shoots in spring are of a deep red ; it 'gives a profusion of flowers, which are of a very deep crimson purple, mottled with bright red ; when in bud, or half expanded, they are very beautiful. As this rose bears seed freely, it will most probably be the parent of some unique va-
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 19
rieties. We have now also what was at one time thought to be impossible, viz. the Old Eose Unique mossed : this is called Moss Unique de Provence. I cannot learn its origin ; if from seed or otherwise ; but am inclined to think it is a sport from our old favourite, the Unique Rose : its habit is exactly similar, and equally robust; its flowers of the same pure white, and blooming in the same magnificent clusters. This beautiful white rose offers a fine contrast to Celina, and equally deserves a place in every garden.
Moss Roses, when grown on their own roots, require a light and rich soil : in such soils, they form fine masses of beauty in beds on lawns. In cold and clayey soils they in general succeed much better worked on the Dog Rose, forming beauti- ful standards. I have ascertained that they esta- blish themselves much better on short stems, from two to three feet in height, than on taller stems. If short, the stem increases in bulk progressively with the head, and the plants will then live and flourish a great many years.
To give a succession of bloom, the plants in- tended to flower early should be pruned in Octo- ber, and those for the second series the beginning of May — shortening their shoots, as recommended for the Provence Roses. Give them also an abundant annual dressing of manure on the sur- face, in November.
To raise Moss Roses from seed is a most inter- c 2
20 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
esting employment for the genuine rose amateur ; such a pleasing field is open, and so much may yet be done. The following directions will, I hope, assist those who have leisure, perseverance, and love for this charming flower. A plant of the Luxembourg Moss and one of the Single Crimson Moss should be planted against a south wall, close to each other, so that their branches may be min- gled. In bright calm sunny mornings in June, about ten o'clock, those flowers that are expanded should be examined by pressing the fingers on the anthers ; it will then be found if the pollen is abundant ; if so, a flower of the former should be shaken over the latter ; or, what perhaps is better, its flower-stalk should be fastened to the wall, so that the flower will be kept in an erect position. Then cut a flower of the Luxembourg Moss, snip off its petals with a sharp pair of scissors, and place the anthers firmly but gently upon a flower of the Single Crimson, so that the anthers of each are entangled : they will keep it in its posi- tion : a stiff breeze will then scarcely remove it. The fertilising will take place without further trouble, and a fine hep full of seed will be the re- sult. To obtain seed from the Luxembourg Moss, I need scarcely say that this operation must be reversed. /A wall is not always necessary to ripen seed ; for in dry soils, and airy exposed situations the above Moss Hoses bear seed in tolerable abun- dance. The treatment of the heps, sowing the
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 21
seed, and the management of the young plants, as applicable to all, is given at the end of the first part.
THE FRENCH ROSE.
(ROSA GALLIC A.)
The French Rose (Rosa gallica of botanists) is an inhabitant of the continent of Europe, growing abundantly in the hedges of France and Italy. In the " Flora? Romanae" of Sebastiani, published at Rome in 1818, this rose, Rosa sempervireris, and Rosa canina, are said to be the only roses grow- ing naturally in the Papal States. It was one of the earliest roses introduced to our gardens. 1596 is given by botanists as the date of its introduc- tion ; and, owing to its bearing seed freely, it has been the parent of an immense number of varieties, many of the earlier sorts being more remarkable for their expressive French appellations than for any great dissimilarity in their habits or colours. The Semi-double Red Rose, grown in Surrey for the druggists, is of this family, and a very slight remove from the original species, which is of the same colour, with but one range of petals, or sin- gle. All the roses of this group are remarkable for their compact and upright growth ; many for the multiplicity of their petals, and tendency to produce variegated flowers. Some of these spotted c 3
22 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
and striped roses are very singular and beautiful. The formation of the flower, in many of the su- perior modern varieties of Eosa gallica is very regular ; so that most probably this family will ultimately be the favourite of those florists who show roses for prizes in the manner that dahlias are now exhibited ; that is, as full-blown flowers, one flower on a stem ; for they bear carriage better, w^hen fully expanded, than any other roses. In France, this is called the " Provins Rose ; " and some varieties of it are classed in a separate divi- sion, as "Agathe Eoses." These have curled foliage, and pale-coloured, compact flowers, remark- able for their crowded petals. That very old striped rose, sometimes improperly called the (( York and Lancaster" Eose, seems to have been one of the first variations of Eosa gallica, as it is mentioned by most of our early writers on gardening. This is properly " Eosa mundi : " the true York and Lancaster Eose is a Damask Eose.
To describe a selection of these roses is no easy task, as the plants differ so little in their habits ; and their flowers, though very dissimilar in appear- ance, yet offer so few prominent descriptive charac- teristics. Some of the new varieties lately intro- duced, though much prized in France, have not yet bloomed well here : the change of climate seems to have affected them. Av Fleurs a Feuilles Mar- brees, as the name implies, has its leaves and flowers marbled or stained, as are also its branches. This
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 23
rose is so double, that it has as much the appearance of a ranunculus as a rose, and in fine weather is very beautiful ; but wet soon disfigures it. Aglae Adanson is a fine marbled rose, something like the above in colour, but with much larger flowers, which are double, finely-formed, and open freely. Anarelle is a large-cupped and finely-shaped rose; its outer petals pale lilac ; its centre of a deep pur- plish rose, distinct and good. Aspasie is one of the most delicate and beautiful roses known, for its form is quite perfect, a little inclining to be globular, like some of the hybrid China roses. Au- relie is much like the last in colour and form, but is delicately spotted with white. Assemblage des Beautes is not quite full enough of petals, but de- serves its name, for its varied and finely-coloured crimson and scarlet flowers, on one stem, are al- ways admired. Belle Herminie is a semi-double spotted rose, remarkable as being the parent of most of the spotted and marbled varieties. Berlese is a fine rose, with a dark purple ground, spotted with crimson, and before it is faded by the mid- day sun it is very beautiful. Belle de Fontenay is now a well-known variety, but quite unique, as its margined flowers are distinct and characteristic.
Bizarre Marbre is a fine marbled rose, very dou- ble and well shaped, of a bright rose-colour beau- tifully shaded. Comte Walsh has been described in the catalogue, on the faith of a French florist, before it bloomed here ; it has not proved true to c 4
24 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
its description, as it is not margined, but it is a first-rate show rose.*
Camaieu is a very distinct striped rose. Its flowers are rather small, and sometimes not of a good form; still it is a very pretty rose. Comte de Murinais is a large flattish rose, of a slate-coloured ground, spotted with rose colour; a very distinct and 'good variety. Cramoisie Picotee is a distinct and curious slate-coloured spotted rose, not so pretty and brilliant as the Old Picotee ; its spots have a reddish-brown tinge. Delille is a new rose, very prettily spotted on a purple ground. Like most of the roses of this colour it is only to be seen in per- fection in the morning, if the weather is sultry ; but in cloudy weather it will retain its beauty the entire day. Due de Trevise is a most beautiful rose, of first-rate form for a show rose, and of a robust and distinct habit. Due d' Orleans is also a fine and brilliant rose; large, finely cupped, and distinctly spotted with white, and of the most robust and vigorous habit. E'clatante is a rose that may be distinguished in a group, however crowded, as it is so extremely bright ; it perhaps ought not to be called scarlet, yet no other term so well describes its colour.
E'clat des Roses is a very double and large
* This term is applied to those varieties that produce very double and perfect flowers, fit to be exhibited singly, as dahlias
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 25
rose, of the most perfect form for a show rose. It seldom produces deformed or ill-shaped flowers; the plant is also of the most vigorous habit. To Fanny Parissot this description may also be ap- plied, only that its colour is much more delicate. Fanny Bias is a name also given to this rose. Fanny Elsler is a new and pretty spotted rose, but it has not yet bloomed here in perfection. Fleur d' Amour is one of the most vivid-coloured roses in this group, much like Assemblage des Beautes, but more double. Grandissima is a most robust-growing and very large rose, likely to prove a show rose of first-rate excellence. The King of Rome, or Theodore de Corse (for they are one and the same), is a beautiful double and compact rose, so exactly like a double ranunculus that it might almost be mistaken for one. Leo- pold is a fine dark rose, much like that old favou- rite the Tuscany Rose, but with smaller and more double flowers.
La Capricieuse is indeed capricious, for some of its flowers are plain, and some most beautifully pencilled with white ; which, on the vivid rose- coloured ground of this rose, has a pretty effect. La Moskowa is a large dark rose, not quite double enough for a show rose, but its flowers have a fine effect on the plant. Lafayette is a pencilled rose, quite different from the generality of these roses, and much like Rationale Tricolore. It is shaded with purple and crimson, and varies
26 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
much with the season. La Nationale is a distinct variety, of a bright rose-colour, marbled and striped with crimson ; one of the prettiest of its class. Lucile is a spotted rose : this, like many of the new variegated roses, is very pretty in dry and warm seasons.
Madame Cottin is a large and well-shaped rose, adapted for a show-rose ; as is also Madame Du- barry, perhaps one of the very finest double roses known. These are both of the most vigorous habits and first-rate excellence. Malesherbes is a purple spotted rose, requiring to be kept from the hot sun ; for, like all roses inclining to purple or slate-colour, it soon fades. Nationale Tricolore is one of the prettiest of variegated roses, gene- rally shaded with red and purple, with a white or yellowish centre; but this central colour is not constant.* Oracle du Siecle is a most charming rose, perfect in form, and rich and beautiful in its fine crimson and scarlet colouring.
Oriflamme is a rose which I ventured to describe as deep scarlet, on the faith of a very honourable florist, who raised it from seed. It has bloomed in this country, and proves to be a fine bright red rose, perhaps scarcely double enough. Picotee, or Violet Picotee, in some soils, produces flowers of a deep violet crimson, striped with white ; in others it loses its variegation ;
* This has, since the above was written, proved so much like Belle de Fontenay that it can scarcely be distinguished from it.
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 27
but, under all circumstances, it is a pretty and most distinct rose. Princess Victoria was raised from seed at Linton in Cambridgeshire by a Mr. Gimson. This is a fine brilliant crimson rose, and generally a good show flower, as it is very double, and regular in its form. Porcelaine Royale is a beautifully-shaped mottled rose ; not large, but cupped, and perfect in its form, and adapted for a show rose. Renoncule Ponctuee, or the Spotted Ranunculus, is happily named ; for it is much like a ranunculus, both in its form and in the disposition of its colours. When this rose opens well (which, owing to the crowded state of its petals, it sometimes fails to do), it is a peculiar and beautiful variety. The Superb Tus- cany is a seedling from the Old Tuscany, with larger and more double flowers ; very dark, per- haps more so than those of its parent, yet their colour is not so brilliant.
Sir Walter Scott is a good rose, finely-shaped, of that deep purplish-rose colour which has a very rich appearance ; it is well calculated for a show rose, as its shape is generally perfect. Sombrieul is a delicate spotted rose, something like Aurelie ; probably having the same origin, as it was raised from seed by the same grower. Tricolor, or La Belle Alliance, is now a very old variety; in some soils producing flowers prettily striped with yellowish white, in others its flowers are quite plain. Tricolor Pompon seems to be merely a
28 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
variety of the preceding, with smaller petals, and a greater proportion of white in them ; probably, it owes its origin to a sporting branch of the original Tricolor. Tricolor superba is one of the finest of the striped roses : its ground colour is of the darkest crimson, on which its regular stripes of nearly pure white have a good effect ; it also bids fair to be constant in its variegation.
Triomphe de Rennes is a very large and finely- shaped show rose : the habit of the plant is also most luxuriant, and it forms a fine standard. Tullie is a very large rose, of a bright rose- coloured ground, distinctly and largely spotted. The Prince, bright red, spotted with blush, is a very remarkable and pretty rose. Like all the roses of this colour, it requires to be kept from the sun. The Village Maid, or Provins Panachee, is now a well-known rose, varying so much in colour, in different soils, that many assert there are two or three varieties ; but this is not the case, for there is as yet but one Village Maid Rose, which, in some situations, has red or car nation coloured, in others slate-coloured or purple, stripes.
Uniflore Marbree has a tendency to produce its flowers on single footstalks, whence its name. It is a good-shaped and very double rose, beautifully marbled.
New varieties of this family are raised with such facility that it would lengthen this little
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 29
work too much to enumerate and describe all that have been received since the first edition was pub- lished. In List No. 2., I have, as show roses, given the names of some of the finest varieties in this family; but, as the characters of the variegated roses cannot be given with such facility, a few of the most remarkable must have a passing word.
Panachee pleine, which ought perhaps to be called the New Carnation Rose, is a seedling from the Village Maid Hose, with striped flowers, like it in every respect, but more compact and double in its flowers, and better calculated to show as a prize rose singly.
Triomphe de Beaute is also a dark violet crim- son rose, prettily streaked with red ; this is a very pretty bright-coloured well-shaped rose.
Pulchra Marmorea is one of the best of this class, a bright rosy-red, marbled with white. Superb Marbled, Superbe Marbre, or General Damremont is a finely-shaped full rose, crimson, sometimes marbled very beautifully with purple ; this is an inconstant, but, when perfect, a very superb rose. Arethuse, like AN Feuilles a Fleurs Marbre, has its leaves prettily variegated or rather marbled ; this is rather a small but very pretty rose, of a bright rose-colour, spotted with pale blush.
A perfect crowd of new varieties have lately been raised belonging to this family. My limits will only allow me to notice a few of the most striking
30 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
and superior varieties. Antonine d'Ormois is a fine free-growing variety, with flowers large, of the most perfect shape ; colour a delicate blush. Cerise superbe is one of the most brilliant in co- lour in this class ; its flowers approach to scarlet ; they are quite double, and in shape perfectly beautiful. Columella is also a rose deserving a high eulogium. Generally its flowers are of a bright pink, beautifully shaded on their margins, with blush ; occasionally it produces self-coloured flowers, but is always a first-rate and remarkably distinct variety. Kean is now become a well- known rose, remarkable for its constancy, for it is always beautiful ; in size it is first-rate, in shape quite perfection; colour bright reddish crimson, in some seasons approaching to scarlet. Latour d'Auvergne is another of these most perfect roses, worthy of a place in every rose-garden; colour deep crimson, habit most robust and vigorous. Letitia, of a beautiful veined deep rose-colour, is equally valuable as a show rose, for in all seasons it is invariably perfect in shape. Shakspere is a fine shaded rose; in most seasons this beautiful variety shows a brilliant red centre, having a charming effect. Schombrunn and Triomphe de Jaussens are also brilliant crimson roses, quite perfect in shape, and most constant and beautiful. There are yet many other self-coloured roses in this family, of equal beauty, but of which it is impossible to give descriptions without a sameness
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 31
which would be tedious to the reader. In the Catalogue of 1843 accurate descriptions are given, which, though brief, are correct. To variegated roses of this class one has been added most espe- cially deserving of notice ; this is GEillet parfau% a rose raised in the West of France, and given out to the world before its qualities were appre- ciated. It is a hybrid between the Damask and the French rose, so exactly like a carnation in its beautifully-striped flowers as scarcely to be dis- tinguished from one : its ground colour is pale blush, striped distinctly with dark red and crim- son, no other variegated rose approaching it in beauty. One or two pretty varieties of Rosa tricolor have lately been originated. Tricolor d'Orleans is the most distinct of these : its flowers are of a peculiar vivid, shaded red, striped with white. A very pretty marbled rose, called Mo- deste Guerin, is also worthy of notice, as some of its petals are of a bright rose-colour, others nearly white. Lavoisier, a new rose, is remarkable for having its leaves variegated, and flowers spotted ; this is a very double and finely-shaped rose. Madelen Friquet is also a perfectly-shaped rose, remarkably full of petals, something like that fine old French rose, Crivalis. This is a spotted va- riety; ground-colour, rose spotted with pale blush. Some of these spotted roses, more particularly those with a red or crimson ground, look as if they were disfigured by the weather, i. e. as if
32 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
rain had given rise to discolouration, but some are very distinct and pretty.
Most of the varieties of Kosa gallica are robust and hardy, and flourish equally as bushes on their own roots, grafted or budded on short stems, or as standards; but they cannot be recommended for tall standards, as their growth is too compact to be graceful. To grow them fine for exhibition as single blooms, or " show-roses," the clusters of buds should be thinned early in June, taking at least two-thirds from each; manure should also be laid round their stems on the surface, and ma- nured water given to them plentifully in dry weather. With this description of culture, these roses will much surpass any thing we have yet seen in this country. To prolong their season of blooming, two plants of each variety should be planted ; one plant to be pruned in October, and the other in May. These will be found to give a regular succession of flowers. In winter pruning, shorten the strong shoots to within six or eight buds of the bottom ; those that are weak cut down to two or three buds.
To raise self-coloured French roses from seed, they should be planted in a warm, dry border, sloping to the south, in an open, airy situation. The shade of trees is very pernicious to seed-bear- ing roses ; and, in planting roses for the purpose of bearing seed, it must be borne in mind that it will give great facility to their management if the
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 33
plants are planted in pairs, close to each other ; ac- cident will then often do as much as art in fertilis- ing them; thus the Woodpigeon Rose may be planted with and fertilised by the Tuscany, La Globuleuse with Comte de Murinais, Oriflamme with Assemblage des Beautes, Vesta with Feu Turc, Jean Bart with Princess Victoria, Superb Tuscany with Leopold, La Majestueuse also with the latter. All these roses bear seed, often without being fertilised, but the crop is almost certain if that operation is performed ; and the above unions are likely to produce roses of decided colours and first-rate qualities.
To raise variegated roses the following, which also bear seed freely, should be selected and planted as before directed : — Aglae Adanson with Ana- creon, the Village Maid with Due d'Orleans, Tricolor and Tricolor Pompon also with the Village Maid. This last union would probably produce some pretty striped roses.
Berlese may also be planted with Seguier, Due d'Orleans with Andre Thouin, and the Leopard Rose with Anacreon: these would most likely give pretty spotted roses. Picotee might be fer- tilised with the Village Maid, and, if seed could be procured, some fine varieties must be the result ; but the central small petals should be removed with a pair of tweezers from the former rose, when its flowers are half expanded, as they are too much crowded to allow it to bear seed. Clear white and
34 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
crimson striped roses are yet desiderata, as those we possess are inconstant. The Tricolor Rose fertilised with Globe Hip, which abounds in pollen, will be an experiment worth trying.
The Tuscany Rose, which is a most convenient variety for imparting dark colours, as it abounds with pollen more than any cultivated rose, should be planted in every rose seminary.
HYBRID PROVENCE ROSES.
These beautiful roses are exactly intermediate between the French and the Provence Rose, par- taking, almost in an equal degree, of both parents. They have upon the long and graceful shoots of the Provence the close and more dense foliage of the French rose; and, in some of the varieties, the pale and delicate colouring of the first is enlivened by the rich and deep crimson hues of the latter. The origin of these roses may be soon attested; for, if the Single Moss, or Provence Rose, is fertilised with the farina of Rosa gallica, Hybrid Provence roses will be produced, agreeing in every respect with the above description. Among the most superior varieties is Agnes Sorel, a delicate fresh-coloured rose, very double and finely-shaped; Amelie Guerin is evidently from
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 35
the seed of that good old rose, the Globe Hip, but with smaller and more double flowers, of the same pure white; a pretty and distinct variety. Blanchefleur is of the most delicate flesh-colour, or nearly white ; very distinct, and even now (1843) one of the finest roses known. Cleliee is a magnificent rose, of the largest dimensions, forming a very fine standard, as its branches are graceful and spreading. Celinette is also a very large and fine rose, of the most delicate flesh- colour, possessing in its habits all the characters of this division.
Duchesse d'Angouleme, or the Wax Rose, is an old but deservedly a favourite variety : its colour is so delicate and its form so perfect that it must always be admired; the habit of the plant is most luxuriant, and rather more erect than most other members of this family. Enchantress grande Henriette, or Rose Parmentier, for these, and I believe some others, are its synonymes, is an old and most beautiful variety, so double and finely- shaped that it may be considered a prize-rose of the first character.
Gracilis, or Shailer's Provence, is a very old and delicate-growing rose, unlike most other va- rieties of this family in its habit, as it seems to be between the Boursault and Provence Rose.
The Globe Hip, the "Boule de Neige" of the French, was raised from seed many years since at the Hammersmith nursery. This is now much D 2
36 THE SUMMEK ROSE GARDEN".
surpassed by some of our new white roses, but still it is a favourite variety. Its habit is most luxuriant ; and if it is grafted on the same stem with George the Fourth, or some other vigorous- growing dark variety, the union will have a fine effect. The Glory of France is an immense rose, of the most luxuriant habit, having a fine effect grown as a standard, but, like some other very large roses, its flowers are irregularly shaped. La Volupte is a new variety, possessing in its bright vivid rose-colour, and perfect shape, all that can be wished for in a rose. L'Ingenue is most un- doubtedly a descendant of the Globe Hip, with flowers of the purest white, the centre of the flower inclining to yellow; this is one of the finest white roses known, and, like the Globe Hip, it is of the most luxuriant habit. Lycoris is a new variety, of a fine vivid rose-colour, marbled and spotted in a very distinct and beautiful man- ner. Malibran is a distinct and good rose, with peculiar glossy foliage and shoots; it is not spread- ing and diffuse in its habit, but very erect, unlike any other rose in this division. This rose has not yet bloomed in full perfection in this country. Reine des Beiges, a fine white rose, was classed in the catalogue of last season among the Hybrid China roses, but it is so evidently a seedling from the Globe Hip, that I have now placed it in this division : this rose, when it blooms in perfection, is one of the most double and beautiful in exist-
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 37
ence. The Tree Pseony Rose produces flowers rivalling in size those of the Paeonia Moutan, or Tree Pseony, but, as they are flat, irregularly- shaped, and not very double, it cannot long be a favourite with the amateur.*
To this family we have some interesting ad- ditions, particularly to White Roses, of which Melanie, or Melanie de Waldor, and the New Double Globe, orBoule de Neige a Fleurs pleines, are very perfect and beautiful varieties : the latter is also called Clarisse Jolivain; this is an improved variety of the Globe Hip.
To blush roses, Duchesse d'Orleans, one of the most elegant delicate-coloured roses known, and the Blush Globe, a seedling from the Globe Hip fertilised with the Tuscany, are valuable additions as prize roses. " Elisa Leker " is a new deep rose- coloured variety, spotted, of much beauty.
Very many beautiful roses have within the last three years been added to this class ; one of the most distinct is Christine de Pisan, deep reddish pink, occasionally mottled ; this is a very beau- tiful rose, and differs much in habit and flowers from all in this family. Emerance is also per- fectly unique, and one is inclined to wonder how this peculiar colour could be gained : its flowers are most perfect in shape, and of a delicate straw colour, differing altogether from any other summer
* I have now placed this rose in my catalogue among the Damask roses, to which it is very nearly allied.
D 3
38 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
rose. Laura, with flowers very large, of a fine rosy blush, is a first-rate and most beautiful variety, de- serving of all that can be said in its praise. Madame Huet and Rose Devigne are delicate blush roses much alike, and both beautiful ; the latter has, perhaps, the larger flowers of the two. The co- lour of both is very similar, being a delicate blush, A new white rose, Princesse Clementine, has within the last season been introduced ; this was raised at Angers, and is reported to be the finest and largest white rose known. Nero is a fine deep purplish red rose, grouping admirably with the, perhaps, too many pale roses in this family. Semilasso is also a deep-coloured and finely-shaped rose, equally worth a place in the rose-garden. Hypacia is a new variety of much beauty ; flowers perfectly cupped, and of the most regular shape ; colour deep pink, occasionally mottled : this is a distinct and charming rose.
Hybrid Provence roses are very robust and hardy, useful to the rose amateur, as serving to form a most delicate group of soft colours : they also make admirable standards, as the branches of most of the varieties are inclined to be spreading^, diffuse, and of course graceful.
The seed-bearing roses of this family are the Globe Hip, the flowers of which should not be fer- tilised if pure white roses are desired. Some few years since I raised a plentiful crop of seedlings from this rose, fertilised with the Tuscany, nearly
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 39
all my plants produced semi-double blush and rose-coloured flowers ; the Blush Globe was the only exception.
Blanchefleur, with Cleliee, would possibly pro- duce seed from which fine shaped and delicate- coloured roses might be expected. The same with the Tuscany rose would most likely originate deep rose-coloured varieties, with finely-shaped cupped flowers.
HYBEID CHINA KOSES.)
(ROSA INDICA HYBRIDA.)
The superior varieties of this fine division give SL combination of all that is or can be beautiful in roses ; for, not only are their flowers of the most elegant forms and colours, their foliage of extreme luxuriance, but their branches are so vigorous and graceful, that perhaps no plant presents such a mass of beauty as a finely grown hybrid China rose in full bloom. They owe their origin to the China, Tea-scented Noisette and Bourbon roses, fertilised with the French, Provence, and other summer roses, and also to the latter crossed with the former ; the seeds of such impregnated flowers producing hybrid China roses. These have, in many cases, resulted from accident, but latterly D 4
40 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
from the regular fertilising process, as mules or hybrids have been raised from well known pa- rents.
In England, but few varieties have been ori- ginated ; as the common China rose does not in general ripen its seeds sufficiently for germination. The parents of Brown's Superb Blush, which is an English hybrid, raised by the late Mr. Charles Brown, of Slough, one of our most scientific and persevering cultivators, cut off in the prime of life, was the old Tea-scented rose, Rosa indica odorata, impregnated with some hardy summer rose. Rivers's George the Fourth is also an English rose ; but as this came by accident, its origin is not so well ascertained. Rosa Blairii is also En- glish, and raised from the yellow China, impreg- nated with some variety of hardy rose. All these roses have the true characters of the family: leaves- smooth, glossy, and sub-evergreen : branches long, luxuriant, and flexible. They give a long con- tinuance of bloom, but they never put forth se- condary or autumnal flowers. This is a most peculiarly distinguishing trait, and an interesting fact. Impregnate a Bourbon, China, or Noisette rose, all abundant autumnal bloomers, with the farina of a French or Provence rose, and you en- tirely take away the tendency to autumnal bloom- ing in their offspring. They will grow vigorously all the autumn, and give a long, but not a second- ary series of flowers. Some of these hybrid China
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 41
roses produce seed abundantly, which is rather a remarkable feature, as so few hybrid plants are fertile.
Hybrids produced from the French rose im- pregnated with the China rose, are not of such robust and vigorous habits as when the China rose is the female parent ; but, perhaps, this is an asser- tion scarcely borne out by facts, for the exceptions are numerous, and, like many other variations in roses and plants in general, seem to bid defiance to systematic rules. By some cultivators the roses of this division have been much more divided than in my catalogue, forming " Hybrid Noisettes," " Hybrid LTsle de Bourbons," &c. &c. ; but as these all owe their origin to the common China rose, their offspring may with justice be called Hybrid China roses. I have, however, found the Hybrid Bourbon roses distinct in their characters, and they now form a group, or division, in the ca- talogue.
Those that have been raised from Noisette roses have a tendency to produce their flowers in clusters ; those from Bourbon roses have their * leaves thick, leathery, and round ; those from the Tea-scented have a delicate and grateful scent; but all have those distinguishing family traits as before given, and accordingly they group beauti- fully. As this is the grand object of the amateur cultivator, it seems far more preferable to arrange them as one family, than to make several divisions
42 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
with but very minute distinguishing features. It is a difficult task to point out the best in this division, as they are nearly all well deserving of cultivation. However, by making a few remarks, such as cannot be given in a descriptive catalogue, I may perhaps be able, in some measure, to direct the choice of amateurs to those most worthy their notice.
Adolphe Cachet is a rose not much known ; but a very double, well shaped, and distinct variety. Attelaine de Bourbon, the Athelin of some French catalogues, is a Hybrid Bourbon rose, scarcely double enough, but exceedingly beautiful. It has finely shaped flowers, and blooms in large and erect clusters ; its colour is of that vivid rose so peculiar to the Bourbon roses. As this bears seed freely, it will probably be the parent of numerous fine varieties.
Bonne Genevieve. This rose, under the name of " Beaute ethereal," and described as " purple margined with crimson," has been sold extensively. It is a most beautiful and perfectly imbricated rose. Brennus, the Brutus of some collections : this very superb rose will form a finer object as a pillar rose* or standard than as a bush ; its lux- uriant shoots must not be shortened too much in winter pruning, as it is then apt to produce an
* All the roses to which this term is applied make very long and flexible shoots, well adapted for training up a column, thus forming a pillar of roses.
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 43
abundance of wood, and but very few flowers. This rose often puts forth branches in one season from eight to ten feet in length : if these are from a dwarf, and are fastened to a wooden or iron stake, and not shortened, the following season they will form a pillar of beauty but rarely equalled. Blairii, a rose not so much known as it deserves to be, is a very distinct and unique variety, so impatient of the knife, that if pruned at all se- verely, it will scarcely put forth a flower: it is perhaps better as a pillar rose, than grown in any other mode, as it shoots ten or twelve feet in one season, and its pendulous clusters of flowers which are produced from those long shoots unshortened, have a beautiful effect on a pillar. Beauty of Billiard is, of all roses, the most glowing and beautiful : its colour is described in the catalogue as scarlet; but it is rather a fiery crimson, so vivid, that it may be distinguished at an immense distance. This rose also requires care in using the knife ; the extreme tips of the branches may be cut off, and some of them thinned out ; it will then bloom in great perfection, but care must always be taken in winter pruning to leave its shoots nearly their full length. Becquet is a pretty distinct dark crimson flower, very double and well shaped. Belle Marie is a first-rate rose, finely shaped, and a good show-rose. Belle Para- bere is a very remarkable variety of inconceivable luxuriance ; its flowers are very large : it will in
44 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN
good soils, as a standard, soon form a large um- brageous tree. Belle de Rosny is a hybrid Noisette, blooming in very large clusters, of first-rate quality. Catel is one of our finest dark roses, very double, and finely shaped, quite worth the notice of the amateur. Coccinea superba, or " Vingt- neuf Juillet," is a rose alike beautiful in its flowers and foliage ; in early spring its leaves and shoots are of a most vivid red, and this appearance they retain the greater part of the summer ; its flowers are brilliant in the extreme, crimson purple shaded with scarlet : the shoots of this rose must also be left at nearly their full length.
Coupe d' Amour richly deserves its name, for it is a beautiful neat rose, quite perfect in its form and colour.
Coronation is one of those purple shaded roses, inclining to slate, imbricated, and very perfect in its shape. Chatelaine is a hybrid Bourbon rose, dove-coloured, finely shaped, and very good. Coutard may be safely recommended as a most perfect and good rose, flowering with great freedom, and beautiful either as a dwarf or standard. Colonel Fabvier, also a sterling good rose, is remarkable for its delicate fragrance. The Duke of Devonshire is an imbricated rose, one of the great favourites of the day, and most deservedly so, for its rosy lilac petals are so delicately striped with white, and its shape is so perfect, that it will always be admired. Due de Choiseul is not a
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 45
new variety ; but as it is between the China and Provence rose, which is a species of hybridisation not very common, it is interesting ; it forms a very fine standard. Due de Choiseul ponctuee, or the spotted, is a most distinct and pretty variety, a hybrid between the China and Provence rose ; it is so nearly allied to the latter, that in the cata- logue it is placed with the Provence roses: this makes long and slender shoots, and is well adapted for a standard. Daphne is a hybrid Bourbon, and one of the most beautiful of roses: it has the brilliant colour of that interesting group, and the fine foliage, but its flowers are much more double than the generality of Bourbon roses. Dr. Guepin is a most perfect shaped, globular rose, quite distinct in its character : this, with a few others, which will be noticed in their turn, have beautiful spherical-shaped flowers, singular and pleasing. Eugene Barbet is also one of these finely formed roses, with dark purplish crimson flowers of first- rate excellence. Elizabeth Fry is a hybrid Noisette, blooming in large clusters, a most brilliant and pleasing rose. Fulgens, or the Malton rose, is certainly one of the most brilliant and beautiful of roses ; the entire plant is also worthy of admiration, independent of its magnificent globular scarlet flowers, as its foliage is so abun- dant, and so finely tinted with red ; its branches so vigorous, and yet spreading so gracefully, that it forms one of the very finest of standard roses.
46 THE SUMMER HOSE GAEDEN.
Fleurette offers quite a contrast in its small deli- cately-coloured, and finely shaped flowers ; it is a desirable and pretty variety. Fimbriata is a most curious and beautiful rose : each flower-leaf is cut something like the petals of a pink, and as it is imbricated, it looks more like a large self-coloured carnation than a rose. General Lamarque is one of the darkest of roses, a most luxuriant grower, and very distinct : in wet weather it is apt to lose its colour, and to change to a dull brown. /^Bivers's George the Fourth is still, perhaps, one of the best of this family : it was raised from seed by myself, about twenty years ago, and con- tributed probably more than any thing to make me an enthusiastic rose cultivator.* It is now much esteemed in France, where it is compara- tively a new variety. / Grilony is a new and fine rose, of a purplish slate colour, and first-rate form
* I hope to be pardoned the digression, but even now I have not forgotten the pleasure the discovery of this rose gave me. One morning in June I was looking over the first bed of roses I had ever raised from seed, and searching for something new among them with all the ardour of youth, when my attention was at- tracted to a rose in the centre of the bed, not in bloom, but grow- ing with great vigour, its shoots offering a remarkable contrast to the plants by which it was surrounded, in their crimson purple tinge ; upon this plant I set my mark, and the following autumn removed it to a pet situation. It did not bloom in perfection the season after removal, but, when established, it completely eclipsed all the dark roses known, and the plant was so vigorous that it made shoots more than ten feet in length in one season. This plant is still living, and nearly as vigorous as ever.
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 47
and character. Hybride blanche is a hybrid Noi- sette blooming in clusters, and a pretty neat white rose a little tinged with rose colour. Hypocrate is a most superb variety, one of the finest of its class, and well adapted for a show-rose : this is not the Hypocrate of many catalogues, or of the French cultivators, which is a hybrid Bourbon, an inferior variety. The King of Koses, or Saudeur panachee, is a rarity among hybrids, for it is finely striped, and as yet so few variegated roses are in this class : till these few last seasons never has it bloomed in perfection, or in fact scarcely at all, owing to its having been pruned too much : like some few others mentioned, its branches may be thinned, but scarcely at all shortened : this rose will form a fine pillar, and a standard of the largest size, as it grows with ex- traordinary luxuriance and vigour. Legouve is a hybrid Bourbon rose, and quite first-rate in form and colour: this may be grown for a prize or show-rose. Lady Stuart, like the Duke of Devonshire, is a gem of the first water, for no rose can surpass it in beauty; the form of the flowers before expansion is perfectly spherical, and exceedingly beautiful. This rose, for some years to come, must and will be a favourite. La Grandeur is, perhaps, nearly as much to be ad- mired, but for qualities quite opposite, as this is when quite open an imbricated rose, exceedingly regular and pleasing in its form. Las Casas is a
48 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
hybrid Bourbon of the most robust habit, pro- ducing very large flowers, nearly the colour and shape of the common cabbage rose. Lusseldem- bourg is a fine spherical-shaped rose : its flowers are of a bright rosy lilac, very beautiful and dis- tinct. Monteau and Miaulis are both good dark roses; but they are certainly surpassed by Mi- ralba, which has recently been named f( Chevrier : " this is not a large rose, but decidedly one of the most brilliant and beautiful dark crimson roses we possess. Moyena, a bright purplish rose, has flowers very double and finely shaped; it will prove a good show-rose. Ne Plus Ultra, the Pallagi of two or three rose cultivators, and called also Gloire des Hy brides, is now an esta- blished favourite. Like many others of this di- vision it is not at all adapted for a show-rose ; its flowers resemble in colour the red stock, and are singularly brilliant.
Princess Augusta is an English rose, a vigorous grower, and well adapted either for a pillar rose or a standard. Petit Pierre is one of those rapid and diffuse growing roses, like Belle Parabere and the King of Roses in luxuriance and vigour of growth ; this is one of the largest and the most double of hybrids, and when grown as a standard, forms a magnificent tree. Pompone bicolor is rather a small, but well-shaped rose, its centre inclining to scarlet, with outer petals of fine crimson purple, a most distinct and desirable
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 49
rose. Heine de Belgique rivals Lady Stuart in the fine and perfect shape of its flowers ; this rose has been sold for Keine des Beiges, a hybrid Pro- vence; but, as that is of the finest white, and this of a rosy lilac, the cheat is soon detected. Riego is between the China rose and the sweet briar, a remarkable, but most pleasing union, as it has the most delicious perfume. Rosine Du- pont is a very pale flesh-coloured rose, with re- markable glossy foliage, and erect growth, very distinct and pretty. Sapphirine is one of the largest globular roses known, and most astonish- ingly robust and vigorous in its habit : in a very few years, in a strong soil, this rose would form a tree of the largest size. Souvenir d'une Mere is a large rose, of that delicate but bright rose- colour, always so much admired. Its flowers are not so double as some other varieties, but very large and magnificent. Triomphe de Laffay is a beautiful rose, not of a pure white, but rather what is called French white, the outer petals in- clined to rose-colour. Triomphe de Guerin, a very large pale rose, much resembles Lady Stuart, differing only in having the centre of its flowers of a warm rose-coloured tint : this is a most beau- tiful and distinct variety. Triomphe d' Angers is perfectly unique, and no rose can be more de- serving of admiration. Its perfume is much like ripe fruit, and its singularly brilliant crimson flowers are often striped with wrhite : these two E
50 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
last-mentioned varieties are finer grown as stand- ards than in any other mode, as their flowers are large and pendulous. Titus is a remarkably pretty purple rose, blooming in large clusters. Its flowers are not large, but finely shaped and very distinct. Victor Hugo, one of the finest of the lilac-coloured roses, deserves a place in every collection. It produces flowers of the very largest size, globular, and finely shaped. This is a very erect growing rose, and may be cultivated either as a standard or a dwarf. Velours Episcopal is a new and beautiful variety, perfectly globular,, of a fine crimson purple, inclining to the latter co- lour. Wellington is now an old rose : for some time thought to be the same as Bizarre de la Chine, but now found to be quite different in its habit and growth, though its flowers have an exact resemblance.
As with French roses, the new varieties of this family are too numerous for detailed descriptions, but Saint Ursule, Comtesse de Lacepede, and Adalila ought not to be passed over ; they are all of the most perfect shape and delicate tints. As rose-coloured roses, Charles Duval, and Richelieu, are quite perfection in the form of their flowers, and for vivid rose-coloured varieties, Lord John Russell, General Allard, and Louis Fries, can- not be too much recommended; they are all truly beautiful. Charles Duval and Lord John Russell are hybrid Bourbon roses, and it is
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 51
remarkable that hybrids of that family are nearly always first-rate ; their habits are also generally pleasing, as they are of compact growth and fine foliage. Potart, Decandolle, Colonel Combes (hybrid Bourbon), and Larochefoucault are vivid red roses of great beauty.
To Hybrid China Roses but very few really good roses have been added ; to one variety, how- ever, too much attention cannot be directed, and this is Chenedole, so called from a member of the Chamber of Deputies for Calvados, a district in Normandy, where this fine rose was raised. It has often been asserted that no rose could compete with Brennus in size and beauty ; but I feel no hesitation in saying, that in superior brilliancy of colour, and size of flower, this variety is superior ; the foliage and habit of the plant are also much more elegant and striking ; in colour its flowers are of a peculiar glowing vivid crimson, discern- ible at a great distance : it is indeed an admirable rose, and cannot be too much cultivated. Le Meteore is from the same origin ; in colour bright rosy red, very striking, and when blooming in large clusters on the plant, always much admired. Julia is a peculiarly elegant-shaped rose ; in co- lour brilliant, rose very distinct in habit and cha- racter, as is also Jenny, in colour rather a deep rose, with flowers beautifully cupped.
Prince Albert, raised by Mr. Hooker, of Brenchley, Kent, is remarkable for its perfect E 2
52 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
and most elegantly-shaped flowers, most regularly cupped ; colour delicate yet vivid pink. Triomphe de Laqueue is another of these most elegantly- shaped cupped roses, blooming in large clusters ; colour deep yet vivid rose, slightly tinged with lilac.
Among Hybrid Bourbon Roses we have two or three, of recent introduction, surpassingly beau- tiful; and to no rose can this term be applied with more justice than Coupe d'Hebe ; in habit most robust, with foliage glossy, sub-evergreen, and abundant ; flowers large, and most perfect in shape, with petals thick and wax-like; colour delicate pink, changing to blush : so delicate and beautiful is this rose, that no description can do justice to it. The Great Western is a rose totally different to the preceding ; this is not a delicate but a grand rose. Those who know the old rose, Celine, may at once form an idea of the habit of this rose, which is even more robust, and has made shoots this season more than six feet in length, and thick as a moderate sized cane ; its leaves are enormous, and measure from the base to the tip 9 inches, leaflets 3^ by 2 inches; its large clusters of flowers are produced with from ten to fifteen in each, but as these are often too much crowded to expand properly, it is better to thin each cluster, removing about half the buds; the flowers of this truly gigantic rose, are of a peculiar deep rich red, sometimes tinted with purple ; they are
THE SUMMER HOSE GARDEN. 53
variable according to the season, but their prevail- ing colour is as described. Budded on stout stocks of the dog-rose, this variety will form a large umbrageous tree *, it will form also a fine pillar rose, and as a bush budded on a two-feet stem, so that the whole plant is taken at once by the eye : it will give a magnificent mass of flowers at one view. Hortense Leroy is also a most elegant and beautiful rose ; foliage small, glossy, and distinct, flowers very perfect and double, colour pale rose. Ernest Ferray and Elise Merco3ur are most ro- bust-growing and beautiful roses. Richelieu (Duval) is perfectly beautiful in its flowers, but its habit is meagre, and unlike all others of this generally robust family. Dombrowski and Syl- vain are two most beautiful brilliant roses, deep in colour, and well worthy a place in the group. The first is occasionally almost scarlet, and, like all these hybrid Bourbons, has thick leathery petals ; the second is a perfect and fine rose, of a brilliant crimson. A bed of roses of this family, on stems of one to two feet in height, will form one of the most ornamental groups in the rose- garden.
With but few exceptions hybrid China roses may be cultivated as standards to advantage, as their growth is luxuriant and umbrageous, some of the most robust-growing varieties forming im-
* In the " Rose Garden, No. 5," Gardeners' Chronicle for 1843, p. 356, I have described this rose and its peculiar habit. E 3
54 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
inense heads. To keep them in a healthy state, lay round their stems, on the surface of the soil, in winter, a good proportion of manure ; and mind that before the blooming season commences this is added to, as they require the surface of the soil moist when in flower : they will also continue much longer in bloom if this is attended to.* The great objection to this summer surface-manuring, with English gardeners, is its unsightly appear- ance, particularly round trees on well-dressed lawns: this may be soon obviated, by covering the manure with some green moss ; and to keep the birds from disturbing it, which they will do after worms, place on the moss some pieces of rock, or flints, thus forming an ornamental mound. In France roses are cultivated with much and well- rewarded care ; for even standards of thirty years growth have, every spring, a large quantity of manure laid on the surface round their stems.
* The following note from the Catalogue of 1843, will be found of value: —
" I may, perhaps, venture to give the results of some experi- ments made this last season with roses.
" I have found night-soil, mixed with the drainings of the dunghill, or even with common ditch or pond water, so as to make a thick liquid, the best possible manure for roses, poured on the surface of the soil twice in winter, from one to two gallons to each tree. December and January are the best months : the soil need not be stirred till spring, and then merely loosened two or three inches deep with the prongs of a fork ; for poor soils, and on lawns, previously removing the turf, this will be found most effi- cacious.
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 55
This keeps the extreme heat of the sun from pe- netrating to their roots ; and as they are abun- dantly watered in hot weather, it also prevents that rapid evaporation which would otherwise take place, so often rendering watering useless. This practice is, after all, only imitating nature, for the Dog Kose, upon which all the fine varieties are grafted, grows naturally in woods and shady places ; consequently, it is impatient of exposure in hot, dry soils and situations.
For rose beds on lawns the roses of this division are finely adapted, as they form such a mass of foliage and flowers. They may also be formed into a regular bank, rising gradually from the edge, by having dwarfs of different heights, and " petites tiges," or dwarf standards, in the back- ground. They bloom remarkably fine on these little stems, and as the stem is protected from the sun by the branches of the plant, it increases in thickness much faster than when taller; tall stems, owing to exposure, are apt to become bark-bound and unhealthy, increasing but slowly in girth, and often requiring support. To have hybrid China roses in perfection as pillar roses, they require attention, and a superabundance of manure ; but they will amply repay it, for a column twelve to twenty feet high, covered with such roses as Brennus, Blairii, Belle Parabere, Coccinea su- perba, Fulgens, Fimbriata, General Lamarque, George the Fourth, King of Roses, Petit Pierre, E 4
56 THE SUMMEE ROSE GARDEN.
or Triomphe d' Angers, &c. &c., would be one of the finest garden ornaments it is possible to con- ceive. To make these varieties grow with the necessary luxuriance each plant should have a circle, three or four feet in diameter, to itself ; and if the soil is poor it should be dug out two feet in depth, and filled up with rotten mature and loam. This compost must be laid consider- ably (say one foot) above the surface of the sur- rounding soil, so as to allow for settling : in shallow or wet soils they will grow the better for being on a permanent mound. Plant a single plant in the centre of this mound, or, if you wish for a va- riegated pillar, plant two plants in the same hole, the one a pale-coloured or white, the other a dark variety : cover the surface with manure, and re- plenish this as soon as it is drawn in by the worms or washed in by the rains. Water with liquid manure in dry weather, and probably you will have shoots eight to ten feet in length the first season. I scarcely know whether to recommend grafted roses on short stems for this purpose, or plants on their own roots ; this will in a great measure depend upon the soil, and perhaps it will be as well to try both. Most roses acquire ad- ditional vigour by being worked on the Dog Rose, but some of the robust varieties of this family grow with equal luxuriance when on their own roots; finally, for dry and sandy soils I am inclined to recommend the latter.
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 57
I shall now proceed to give a list of those roses from which, in combination with others, choice seedlings may be raised.
Aurora, a most beautiful purple rose, often striped with white, may be made a seed-bearing rose of much interest ; if self-coloured roses are desired it should be planted with Athelin, which has abundance of pollen ; if striped and variegated roses, the Village Maid rose may be planted with it. The Duke of Devonshire, in a very warm and dry soil, will produce heps in tolerable abun- dance ; and as it is inclined to be striped, it would possibly form a beautiful combination with the French rose Tricolor, which should be planted with it.
Souvenir d'une Mere, a very large and most beautiful rose, will bear seed if fertilised ; the best union for this rose would perhaps be Celine, which is one of the most abundant seed-bearing roses we possess : very large and brilliant rose-coloured varieties would probably be originated from these roses in combination.
Kiego, which partakes of the sweet briar, might be made the parent of some beautiful briar-like roses by planting it with the Splendid Sweet Briar.
General Allard, a hybrid Bourbon rose, from which Monsieur Laffay has raised his new per- petual rose, " Madame Laffay," is much inclined to give a second series of flowers ; this rose should
58 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
be planted in a very warm border, or trained against a south wall with Bourbon Gloire de Rosomene, and if carefully fertilised with it some beautiful crimson autumnal roses would probably be originated.
Henry Barbet is also a hybrid Bourbon rose of great beauty. This should be planted with Tri- omphe d' Angers, with which it may be fertilised, but as the latter has but a small portion of pollen, and the former a great abundance, the process may be reversed; if seed can be procured from Tri- omphe d' Angers it must produce fine flowers, as it is one of the most beautiful and fragrant of roses.
Petit Pierre, although very double, bears abun- dance of seed; as this is a fine and large rose deepness of colour might be given by planting it with the French rose, La Majestueuse. Legouve with the Tuscany would probably originate a fine class of rich dark crimson roses, of which at pre- sent we possess but few that are really perfect in form and colour. Time will most probably put us in possession of many other seed-bearing hybrid China roses ; at present, those recommended are all that can be depended upon.
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 59
THE WHITE ROSE.
(ROSA ALBA.)
Rosa Alba, or the White Rose, so called be- cause the original species is white, is a native of middle Europe, and was introduced to our gardens in 1597. In some of the old farm and cottage gardens of Hertfordshire and Essex a semi-double variety is frequent ; this is but a slight remove from the single flowering original species, and grows luxuriantly without culture in any neg- lected corner. The roses of this division may be easily distinguished by their green shoots, leaves of a glaucous green, looking as if they were covered with a greyish impalpable powder, and flowers generally of the most delicate colours, graduating from pure white to a bright but delicate pink.
Attila is one of the deepest coloured varieties of this division, with large and partially cupped flowers of a perfect shape. Belle Clementine, an old but very pretty variety, a hybrid departing in a slight degree from the characters of the group, often produces flowers finely mottled ; it is a lux- uriant grower, and forms a fine standard. Blanche Superbe, or Blanche de Belgique is a much older variety than the preceding, with all the characters of this division, and producing very large and double flowers of the purest white. Blush hip is a hybrid, possessing more of the characters of this
60 THE SUMMER HOSE GARDEN.
division than of any other, consequently it is placed in it : this is a fine and free-growing rose always beautiful. Bullata is a curious but pretty variety, with large foliage and tinted white flowers, forming a robust and fine standard. Camellise- flora, a small but very pretty pure white rose, with cupped flowers, possesses all the characters of the species, and is quite worthy of cultivation. Due de Luxembourg, a hybrid, is a most beautiful and unique rose, producing globular flowers of the largest size: the exterior of the petals is almost white, the interior of a bright rosy purple, at once singular and pleasing. Fatime is a pretty rose, its colour not pure white, but tinted with a delicate pink in the centre of the flower ; this is peculiar to roses of this family, and in general it is very pleasing. Fanny Sommerson, a new and very fine variety, is a most robust grower, pro- ducing rose-coloured flowers, extremely double, and finely shaped, a little imbricated, but so per- fect that this variety may be considered a good show-rose. Felicite is also a new and beautiful rose ; its flowers are exactly like a fine double ra- nunculus, of a most delicate flesh-colour : this is a distinct and fine rose.
Ferox is a most anomalous variety of this family, for most of its members are thornless, but this is completely covered with those fierce de- fenders ; its flowers are of a pretty tinted white, very double and perfect. Josephine and Josephine
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 61
Beauharnais must both be mentioned, as they are so often confounded: the first is a most robust grower, producing in large clusters flowers not very double, of a delicate pink ; the latter has large globular flowers, very double, white, tinted with rosy buff. La Seduisante is most appro- priately named ; it is not a new variety, but a rose most perfect in shape and beautiful in colour. Madame Campan is a hybrid departing a little from the characters of the species, but producing flowers of a bright rose finely mottled with white, of first-rate excellence. Princesse de Lamballe is one of the finest in this division, possessing all the characters of the species in its foliage, branches and flowers : these are of the purest white, and of the most perfect and beautiful shape. Queen of Denmark, an old but estimable variety, produces flowers of first-rate excellence as prize-flowers: so much was this esteemed when first raised from seed, that plants were sent from Germany to this country at five guineas each. Sophie de Marsilly, a new variety is a most delicate and beautiful mottled rose, with flowers very double and perfect in shape. Viridis is the far-famed green rose of France, which has several times been brought to this country and sold as a great rarity: it is curious, for its flowers are nearly green till fully expanded.
The varieties of this family form a, beautiful mass, not by any means gay and dazzling but
62 THE SUMMER KOSE GARDEN.
chaste and delicate, and contrast well with groups of the dark varieties of Rosa gallica and hybrid China roses; they also make good standards, often growing to a large size and uniting well with the stock: they always bloom abundantly and bear close pruning ; in this respect they may be treated as recommended for the French roses.
THE DAMASK ROSE. (EosA DAMASCENA.)
The " Damask Rose" is a name familiar to every reader of English poetry, as it has been eulogised more than any other rose, and its colour described with a poet's licence. In these glowing descriptions the truth, as is frequently the case in poetry, has been entirely lost sight of; for in plain unvarnished prose it must be stated that the original Damask Rose, and the earlier varieties, such as must have been the roses of our poets, though peculiarly fragrant, are most uninteresting plants; however we must not ungratefully de- preciate them, for they are the types of our present new, beautiful, and fragrant varieties. The original species with single flowers is said to be a native of Syria, from whence it was introduced to Europe in 1573: varieties of it are still grown in the gardens of Damascus. The branches of the Damask rose are green, long, and diffuse in their
THE SUMMER EOSE GARDEN. 63
growth; leaves pubescent, and in general placed far asunder; prickles on most of the varieties abundant. To those old members of this family, the red and the white monthly, which by some peculiar excitability often put forth flowers in warm moist autumns, nearly all our perpetual roses owe their origin, so that we can now depend upon having roses as fragrant in October as in June. The York and Lancaster rose, with pale striped flowers, is one of the oldest varieties of this division in our gardens. There is perhaps a little too much sameness of character in some of the varieties of the Damask rose ; their gradations of colour are sometimes too delicate to be distinct, but the following may be depended upon as fine leading sorts.
Arlinde, a beautifully-formed rose, of a delicate rose colour, is not a pure damask, as its foliage is less pubescent than in some other varieties. Angele is a pretty bright-coloured rose, very double and distinct. Blanche borde de Rouge is a fine rose when it opens well, but in moist weather its petals are too numerous to expand freely ; sometimes its flowers are pure white, at others finely margined with purplish red. Bachelier, so named from a Belgian amateur, is one of the finest show-roses in this division, producing large double compact flowers, of a fine rose-colour, and very perfect shape. Climene is a new variety with rather small beautifully- shaped flowers of a very brilliant
64 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
rose colour. Couronne Blanche is a pure Damask rose, distinct in habit, and a pretty white variety. Coralie is a beautifully formed rose, of a pale flesh- colour, with rosy centre, to which several of this family are inclined. Deesse Flore is a first- rate variety, with flowers rather larger than Coralie, and much like it in colour : when about half expanded they are most beautiful.
Imperatrice is not a pure Damask rose, but very nearly allied. This is a large compact rose, very robust, and distinct in habit. La Fiancee seems a hybrid between the Globe Hip and the Damask, a pretty shaded rose, nearly white, with a pale rosy centre. La Ville de Bruxelles is a new variety, with rose-coloured flowers, very large and double : this is a distinct and fine rose. Lady Fitzgerald is a beautiful rose, most valuable in this division, as its brilliant rose-coloured flowers are so conspicuous in a clump of Damask roses ; this is not a pure Damask rose, but very nearly so : its foliage when young is a little stained with the colouring matter of some variety of Rosa gallica, which much adds to its beauty. Ma Favorite is a very small rose, of a delicate flesh- colour, and exceedingly neat and pretty. Madame Hardy was raised from seed in the Luxembourg gardens, by Monsieur Hardy in 1832 ; this is not a pure Damask rose, as its leaves have scarcely any pubescence ; but a more magnificent rose does not exist, for its luxuriant habit and large and
THE SUMMER HOSE GARDEN. 65
finely shaped flowers place it quite first among the white roses.
Madame de Maintenon is a pretty delicate rose with deeper colouring towards its centre : this is a new variety, and has not yet bloomed quite in perfection. Moheleda is a hybrid Damask, with large double rose-coloured flowers, prettily marbled : this is a new and good rose. The Painted Damask is a rose which for some time to come will be a favourite, as it is distinct and beautiful ; its large and thick foliage and painted flowers are quite unique, but, like most of the variegated roses, it is a little inconstant, as its flowers are sometimes pure white ; in general, however, the outer edge of each petal is tinged with a fine purple.
Some pretty and interesting varieties have lately been added to these favourites of the poets. The Duke of Cambridge — which I at first thought a Hybrid China, will perhaps be better grouped with the Damask roses, of which it largely par- takes— is a very fine rose, of a vivid rose colour, and robust luxuriant growth. Belle d'Auteuil is a large and perfect show-rose of great beauty when flowering in perfection. Bella Donna is a true Damask rose, bearing a profusion of delicate pink or bright rose-coloured flowers. Adonis, as a pretty pale blush or rosy white variety, is quite worth cultivation.
Some new Damask roses, of deeper colours than we have hitherto possessed, now give an increased F
66 THE SUMMER EOSE GARDEN.
interest to this elegant family : among these, Chateaubriand is remarkable for its brilliant red flowers, very perfect and beautiful in shape. Louis the Sixteenth has flowers rather deeper in colour than the preceding: this is a distinct and good rose: but La Negresse is by far the darkest Damask rose known; its flowers are of a deep crimson purple. Blanche Davilliers and Pulcherie are two pure white roses; the latter, in particular, most elegant and beautiful. Semiramis is quite novel in colour, and a most perfect and beautiful rose : the centre of the flower is of a bright fawn- colour, its marginal petals are of a delicate rose. This fine variety ought to be in every collection. Penelope is remarkable for its fine foliage ; the edges of its leaves tinged with red ; flowers of a very deep rose, globular, large, and distinct.
The roses of this neat and elegant family have a pretty effect arranged in a mass ; like the varie- ties of Eosa alba, they are so beautiful in contrast with the dark roses : they also form fine standards, more particularly Madame Hardy and the Painted Damask, which will grow into magnificent trees, if their culture is attended to. The pruning re- commended for Eosa gallica will also do for these roses.
The only roses of this family that bear seed freely are the Purple Damask or Jersey Eose, which should be planted with Imperatrice. From this union large and very double roses might be
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 67
expected ; and the Painted Damask, if some of its central petals were removed, would probably bear seed : if fertilised with the Purple Damask some fine variegated roses might possibly be originated. Bella Donna with Lady Fitzgerald would produce some brilliant coloured roses, which are much wanted in this family.
THE SCOTCH ROSE.
(ROSA SPINOSISSIMA.)
The varieties of this distinct and pretty family owe their origin to the Dwarf Wild Rose of the North of England and Scotland, nearly all of them having been raised from seed by the Scotch nur- serymen : in some of their catalogues two or three hundred names are given, but in many cases these names are attached to flowers without distinctive qualities. In my catalogue the names of a few of the best varieties are given, but even these vary much with the seasons ; for I remarked that in the summer of 1836, after the peculiar cold and un- genial spring, and again in 1837, they departed much from their usual characters, and bloomed very imperfectly ; in warm and early seasons they flower in May, and are then highly orna- mental.
The following varieties have generally proved good and distinct. Aimable Etrangere, a French F 2
68 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
hybrid with very double pure white flowers. Ade- laide, a large red rose, double, and a good variety, Blanda is one of the best of the numerous marbled Scotch roses, as these are generally much alike. Countess of Glasgow, Daphne, Erebus, and Flora, are all good vivid-coloured dark roses, varying in their shades, and very pretty. Guy Mannering is a large and very double blush rose, distinct and good. La Cenomane is a French hybrid, pure white, with large and very double flowers ; a beau- tiful rose, but not so robust as the pure Scotch varieties. La Neige is deserving of its name, for it is of the purest white, and very double and good. Lady Baillie, Marchioness of Lansdowne, and Mrs. Hay, are all pretty, pale sulphur-coloured roses : from the seed of these it is very probable that some good yellow varieties may, at some future time, be raised.
Painted Lady is a French hybrid; white, striped with red, but rather inconstant, as its flowers are often pure white : when it blooms in character, it is a charming little rose. Princess Elizabeth and the Queen of May are both bright pink varieties, very distinct and pretty. The True Yellow is a hybrid raised in France, and in most seasons is a pretty sulphur-coloured rose, much admired; but in very hot weather it fades very soon to. white : this was the case more particularly this summer (1837); it seemed much influenced, in common with the other Scotch roses, by the
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 69
cold spring and the rapid transition to hot weather. William the Fourth is the largest white pure Scotch rose known; a luxuriant grower, and a good variety. Venus is an excellent dark rose, with very double flowers and distinct character.
Scotch roses may be grown as standards, and the yellow, and one or two of the more robust varieties, made good heads ; but in general they form a round and lumpish tree, in ill accordance with good taste : when grown in beds or clumps, as dwarfs, they are beautiful, and in early seasons they will bloom nearly a fortnight before the other summer roses make their appearance; this, of course, makes them desirable appendages to the flower-garden. They bear seed profusely; and raising new varieties from seed will be found a most interesting employment. To do this, all that is required is to sow the seed as soon as ripe, in October, in pots or beds of fine earth, covering it with nearly one inch of mould; the succeeding spring they will come up, and bloom in perfection the season following.
With the exception of La Cenomane, Painted Lady, and the True Yellow, all the Scotch roses bear seed most abundantly : if this seed is sown indiscriminately numerous varieties may be raised, and many of them very interesting ; but the aim should be to obtain varieties with large and very double crimson flowers : this can only be done by slightly hybridising, and to effect this it will be F 3
70 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
necessary to have a plant or two of the Tuscany, and one of Superb Tuscany, or La Majestueuse, trained to a south wall, so that their flowers are expanded at the same time as the Scotch roses in the open borders : unless thus forced they will be too late. Any dark red varieties of the Scotch roses, such as Venus, Atro Rubra, or Flora, should be planted separately from others, and their flowers fertilised with the above French roses : some very original deep-coloured varieties will probably be obtained by this method. Sul- phurea and one or two other straw-coloured varieties may be planted with the Double Yellow Austrian Briar, and most likely some pretty sulphur-coloured roses will be the result of this combination.
THE SWEET BRIAR.
(EOSA RUBIGINOSA.)
Who knows not the Sweet Briar? the Eglan- tine, that plant of song, the rhyme of which jingles so prettily, that nearly all our poets, even love-stricken rustics, have taken advantage of its sweet sound.
" I will give to my love the Eglantine,"
has been often the beginning of a country lover's song ; but in sober truth, every one must love this simplest and sweetest of flowers, for what odour
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 71
can surpass that emanating from a bush of Sweet Briar in the dewy evenings of June ? It pleases not the eye, for the single Sweet Briar bears flowers, in comparison with other roses, quite in- conspicuous ; but it gratifies in a high degree by its delicious perfume, and gives to the mind most agreeable associations, for it is so often (at least in Hertfordshire) the inhabitant of the pretty English cottage-garden — such a garden as one sees nowhere but in England. The Single Sweet Briar is a native plant, growing in dry and chalky soils in some of the southern counties; from it the following varieties, with some others, have been originated, more or less hybridised. The Cluster Sweet Briar, with semi-double rosy lilac flowers. The Celestial, a beautiful little rose, with flowers very double and fragrant, of the palest flesh-colour, approaching to white. Hes- soise, or Petite Hessoise, is a pretty French hybrid, with bright rose-coloured flowers, and leaves not so fragrant as some others. The Mon- strous Sweet Briar is a very old variety, with large and very double flowers, distinct and good. Maiden's Blush and Manning's Blush are both double and pretty, with fragrant leaves like the original. Eose Angle Sweet Briar is a new va- riety, raised from seed by Mr. Martin, of Eose Angle, near Dundee : this produces large and very double flowers, of a bright rose-colour ; its foliage is also very fragrant. The Splendid Sweet F 4
72 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
Briar is really a splendid rose, with large light crimson flowers, but its foliage is not very fra- grant. The Scarlet, or La Belle Distinguee, or Lee's Duchess, or La Petite Duchesse, for they are one and the same, is a pretty bright red, small, and compact rose, very distinct and good, but its leaves are entirely scentless.
Sweet Briars form a pretty group, interesting from their origin and associations, and pleasing from their fragrance and peculiar neatness ; they make also pretty trees, particularly on " petites tiges," as the French term them : they require the same culture as the other hardy roses.
Humble as are the claims of the Sweet Briar when contrasted with the gorgeous beauty of some of our new roses, yet it is so decidedly English, that raising new varieties from seed will I am sure be found interesting.
The Scarlet may be planted with the Splendid Briar, which so abounds in pollen that fertilising will be found very easy. The Carmine with the semi-doubled Scarlet will also give promising seed ; the beauty of their flowers might be in- creased by hybridising with some of the French roses, but then their Sweet Briar-like character would be lost, and with that a great portion of their interest.
The Hybrid China Rose, Kiego, if planted with the Splendid Briar, would produce seed from which large and very fragrant double roses might
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 73
be expected, and these would partake largely of the character of the Sweet Briar.
THE AUSTRIAN BRIAR.
(EOS A LUTE A.)
The Austrian Briar, a native of the South of Europe, is found on the hills of the North of Italy, producing copper or red, as well as yellow flowers ; but, strange to say, though the flowers are invariably single, yet they never produce seed. In this country also it is with extreme difficulty, and only by fertilising its flowers, that seed can be perfected : if the flowers are examined they will all be found deficient in pollen, which accounts for this universal barrenness. A Double Copper Austrian Briar is yet a desideratum.
The Copper or Ked Austrian, the Capucine of the French, is a most singular rose ; the inside of each petal is of a bright copper red, the outside inclining to sulphur : this*- rose is most impatient of a smoky atmosphere, and will not put forth a single bloom within ten or twelve miles of Lon- don. The Double Yellow, or Williams's Double Yellow Sweet Briar, is a pretty double rose, raised from the Single Yellow Austrian by Mr. Williams, of Pitmaston, a few years since : this blooms more freely than the original species, and is a most desirable variety. Kosa Harrisonii is
74 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
also a double yellow rose, said to have been raised from seed in America, and sent from thence to this country about four years since: this has proved one of the most beautiful of yellow roses ; its flowers before expansion are globular, but a hot sun makes them expand and lose much of their beauty. It is a more robust grower than the Double Yellow Sweet Briar; its flowers are also a little larger, and do not fade so soon. The Single Yellow is the most brilliant yellow rose we yet possess ; and it will probably be the parent of some double varieties, its equal in colour.
To this peculiar family of roses a few new va- rieties have been added. Cuivre Rouge, a curious hybrid, partaking of the Boursault Rose, with smooth thornless branches and dull reddish single flowers, and the Superb Double Yellow Briar, a seedling raised by Mr. Williams, of Pitmaston, from the same rose, and, I believe, at the same time, as the Double Yellow Briar. This has larger and more double flowers, but they are perhaps not so bright in colour, which might be owing to the excessive wet weather during its flowering season, as it bloomed here for the first time in the summer of 1839. A third variety is also in my possession, the Globe Yellow, a very pretty pale yellow rose, of humble growth: this variety was raised in Italy.
A new yellow rose has been given to us from that land of flowers, Persia. This was introduced
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 75
to the gardens of the Horticultural Society of London in 1838, and is now called the Persian Yellow Rose. In habit it is so exactly like the Single Yellow Austrian Briar as not to be dis- tinguished from it: it seems to grow readily budded on the Dog Rose, as my plants this season have made shoots three feet or more in length : in colour it is of a deeper yellow than Rosa Harri- sonii ; its flowers are quite double, cupped, and not so liable to become reflexed as that very pretty and brilliant rose. Like the Yellow Austrian Briar, it loves a pure air and rich soil, and will probably bloom as freely. It bloomed beautifully in the garden of the Horticultural Society, even on a very small plant in a pot. Numerous seedlings have been raised from Rosa Harrisonii, but all that have come under my notice have proved inferior to their parent.
To bloom them in perfection Austrian Briars require a moist soil and dry pure air ; but little manure is necessary, as they grow freely in any tolerably good and moist soil ; neither do they require severe pruning, but merely the strong shoots shortened, and most of the twigs left on the plant, as they, generally, produce flowers in great abundance.
No family of roses offers such an interesting field for experiments in raising new varieties from seed as this. First, we have the Copper Austrian, from which, although it is one of the oldest roses
76 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
in our gardens, a double flowering variety has never yet been obtained. This rose is always defective in pollen, and consequently it will not bear seed unless its flowers are fertilised : as it will be interesting to retain the traits of the spe- cies, it should be planted with and fertilised by the Double Yellow; it will then in warm dry seasons produce seed not abundantly, but the amateur must rest satisfied if he can procure even one hep full of perfect seed. A French variety of this rose called " Capucine de Semis " seems to bear seed more freely, but as the colour of its flowers is not so bright as the original, its seed, even from fertilised flowers, would not be so valuable.
The beautiful and brilliant Rosa Harrisonii, however, gives the brightest hopes. This should also be planted with the Double Yellow Briar; it will then, as I had the pleasure of ascertaining even the last unfavourable summer, bear seed abundantly : no rose will perhaps show the effects of fertilising its flowers more plainly than this, and' consequently to the amateur it is the pleasing triumph of art over nature. Every flower on my experimental plants, not fertilised, proved abor- tive, while, on the contrary, all those that were so, produced large black spherical heps full of perfect seed.
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN, 77
THE DOUBLE YELLOW ROSE.
(EOSA SULPHUREA.)
The origin of this very old and beautiful rose, like that of the Moss Eose, seems lost in ob- scurity. In the botanical catalogues it is made a species, said to be a native of the Levant*, and never to have been seen in a wild state bearing single flowers. It is passing strange, that this double rose should have been always considered a species. Nature has never yet given us a double flowering species to raise single flowering varieties from; but exactly the reverse. We are com- pelled, therefore, to consider the parent of this rose to be a species bearing single flowers. If this single flowering species was a native of the Levant, our botanists, ere now, would have dis- covered its habitats: I cannot help, therefore, suggesting, that to the gardens of the east of Europe we must look for the origin of this rose ; and to the Single Yellow Austrian Briar (Eosa lutea), as its parent ; though that, in a state of nature, seldom, if ever, bears seed, yet, as I have proved, it will if its flowers are fertilised. I do not suppose that the gardeners of the East knew of this, now common, operation ; but it probably was done by some accidental juxtaposition, and thus, by mere chance, one of the most remarkable
* Introduced to our gardens in 1629.
78 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
and beautiful of roses was originated. From its foliage having acquired a glaucous pubescence, and its shoots a greenish-yellow tinge, in those respects much unlike the Austrian Briar, I have sometimes been inclined to impute its origin to that rose, fertilised with a double or semi-double variety of the Damask Rose, for that is also an eastern plant.
As yet, we have but two roses in this division ; the Double Yellow, or " Yellow Provence," with large globular and very double bright yellow flowers, and the Pompone Jaune, or dwarf Double Yellow, both excessively shy of producing full- blown flowers; though they grow in any mode- rately good soil with great luxuriance, and show an abundance of flower-buds ; but some " worm i' the bud" generally causes them to fall off pre- maturely. To remedy this, various situations have been recommended : some have said, plant it against a south wall; others, give it a northern aspect, under the drip of some water-trough, as it requires a wet situation. All this is quackery and nonsense. The Yellow Provence Kose is a native of a warm climate, and therefore requires a warm situation, a free and airy exposure, and rich soil.
At Burleigh, the seat of the Marquis of Exeter, the effect of situation on this rose is forcibly shown. A very old plant is growing against the southern wall of the mansion, in a confined situ-
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 79
ation, its roots cramped by a stone pavement ; it is weakly, and never shows a flower-bud. In the entrance court is another plant, growing in front of a low parapet wall, in a good loamy soil and free airy exposure ; this is in a state of the great- est luxuriance, and blooms in fine perfection nearly every season.
Mr. Mackintosh, the gardener, who kindly pointed out these plants to me, thought the latter a distinct and superior variety, as it was brought from France by a French cook, a few years since ; but it is certainly nothing but the genuine old Double Yellow Rose.
In unfavourable soils it will often flourish and bloom freely, if budded on the Musk Rose, the Common China Rose, or the Blush Boursault; but the following pretty method of culture, I beg to suggest, though I must confess I have not yet tried it : — Bud or graft it on some short stems of the Dog Rose ; in the autumn, pot some of the strongest plants, and, late in spring, force them with a gentle heat, giving plenty of air. By this method the dry and warm climate of Florence and Genoa may, perhaps, be partially imitated ; for there it blooms in such profusion, that large quantities of its magnificent flowers are daily sold in the markets during the rose season.
80 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
CLIMBING ROSES.
DIVISION FIRST. THE AYRSHIRE EOSE (EosA ARVENSIS HYBRIDA).
It is the opinion of some cultivators, that the varieties of the Ayrshire Eose have been origi- nated from the Eosa arvensis, or creeping single White Eose of our woods and hedges. But this is contradicted by botanists, who assert, that the original Ayrshire Eose was raised in Scotland from foreign rose seed : it may have been ; but to judge from its habit, I feel no hesitation in assert- ing, that it is merely a seedling hybrid from our Eosa arvensis, having acquired much additional vigour, as all hybrid roses nearly invariably do, from some accidental impregnation: perhaps no rose can be more luxuriant than this ; for the Single Ayrshire, and that semi-double variety, known as the Double White, will often make shoots in one season, twenty to thirty feet in length. Several of our prettiest varieties have been raised from seed by Mr. Martin, of Eose Angle, Dundee ; but the first in the Catalogue, the Ayrshire Queen, the only dark Ayrshire Eose known, was originated by myself, in 1835, from the Blush Ayrshire, impregnated with the Tus- cany Eose. But one seed germinated, and the plant produced has proved a complete hybrid. Its flowers are of the same shape, and not more
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 81
double than those of the Blush Ayrshire, its fe- male parent ; but they have all the dark purplish crimson of the Tuscany Rose. It has lost a por- tion of the vigorous climbing habit of the Ayr- shire, but yet makes an excellent pillar rose. Till we can get a dark Ayrshire Rose, double as a Ranunculus, it will be acceptable. The Double Blush, or Double Red of some catalogues, is a pretty early rose, a vigorous climber, and as a standard forms a beautiful umbrella-shaped tree. Bennet's Seedling* is a new variety found grow- ing among some briars, by a gardener, of the name of Bennet, in Nottinghamshire. It is said to be a very pretty double and fragrant rose. Dundee Rambler is the most double, and one of the best in this division ; it blooms in very large clusters, much in the Noisette fashion, and is truly a desirable rose. Elegans, or the Double White, is one of our oldest varieties ; its flowers are semi-double, and, individually, not pretty, as their petals in hot weather are very flaccid ; but then it blooms in such large clusters, and grows so vigorously, that it forms an admirable Wilder- ness Rose. Jessica is a pretty, delicate pink variety, distinct and good. Rose Angle Blush is like Jessica in its colour, but is much more lux- uriant in its habit. I am sure that this rose in strong soils will make shoots in one season more than twenty feet in length.
* Rosa Thoresbj ana of the Floricultural Cabinet. G
82 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
Lovely Rambler, or the Crimson Ayrshire, is too semi-double, and its petals too flaccid, to be much esteemed ; it is mentioned here to prevent its two imposing names from misleading the ama- teur. Myrrh-scented : this name has been ap- plied to two or three roses having the same pecu- liar scent ; this variety has semi-double flowers of a creamy blush. Queen of the Belgians is a fine rose, with very double flowers, of a pure white ; this is a most vigorous climber, soon forming a pillar fifteen or twenty feet high. Ruga is now a well-known variety, said to be a hybrid between the Tea-scented China Rose and the Common Ayrshire ; it is a most beautiful and fragrant rose. Splendens is a new variety, with very large- cupped flowers, of a creamy blush ; this rose has also that peculiar " Myrrh-scented " fragrance.
Ayrshire Roses are some of them, perhaps, sur- passed in beauty by the varieties of Rosa semper- virens ; still they have distinct and desirable qua- lities: they bloom nearly a fortnight earlier than the roses of that division ; they will grow where no other rose will exist ; and to climb up the stems of timber trees in plantations near frequented walks, and to form undergrowth, they are admi- rably well adapted : they also make graceful and beautiful standards, for the ends of the branches descend and shade the stems, which, in conse- quence, increase rapidly in bulk. It seems pro- bable that Ayrshire Roses will grow to an enor-
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 83
mous size as standards, and surpass in the beauty of their singular dome-shaped heads many other roses more prized for their rarity.
The following extract from the Dundee Courier of July llth, 1837, will give some idea how capable these roses are of making even a wilderness a scene of beauty : —
"Some years ago, a sand pit at Ellangowan was filled up with rubbish found in digging a well. Over this a piece of rock was formed for the growth of plants which prefer such situations, and amongst them were planted some hah0 dozen plants of the Double Ayrshire Rose, raised in this neigh- bourhood about ten years ago. These roses now most completely cover the whole ground, a space of thirty feet by twenty. At present they are in full bloom, showing probably not less than ten thousand roses in this small space."
CLIMBING ROSES. DIVISION SECOND. ROSA MLTLTIFLORA.
The Rosa multiflora, or many-flowered rose, is a native of Japan, from whence it was brought by Thunberg, and introduced into this country in 1804. Several of the varieties in the catalogue have been raised in Italy, where these pretty roses flourish and bear seed abundantly. In the neigh- bourhood of Florence the Double Red may be seen a 2
84 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
climbing to an enormous extent, and large plants', completely covered with thousands of its very double and perfect flowers, having a fine appear- ance. The Single White is also grown in Italy ; from this I have this season (1837) raised several hundreds of seedlings ; the seed I received from Signor Crivelli, of Como, an Italian Rose amateur,, very much devoted to gardening ; all the varieties of this family are interesting, as they differ sa much from other roses. Alba, or the Double White, is rather a misnomer, for it is not pure white, but rather a pale flesh-colour, pretty and distinct. Crivellii is a new variety, and one of the prettiest; its flowers are of a brilliant and changeable red, very unique ; it is a free grower,, and well deserves attention. Elegant is a most beautiful little rose, changing from blush to nearly pure white : it is a little hybridised, and con- sequently more hardy than the true Rosa multi- flora. Fragrans is a most robust growing variety* but it has not yet bloomed in this country. Scarlet Grevillia or Russelliana is a hybrid, differing much in character from the other varieties of this family; it is more hardy, but does not climb so freely; still it is a beautiful and distinct rose: its large clusters of shaded crimson flowers have a fine effect on a pillar. Grevillia, or the Seven Sisters* Rose, is a vigorous climber, blooming in large clusters, which show a curious diversity of colours; for, soon after expansion, the flowers change from
THE SUMMER HOSE GAKDEN. 85
Crimson to purplish rose, and then to pale rose ; so that in the clusters may be seen three or four shades, from rose to deep purplish crimson. In wet soils, it is often killed to the ground by the winter's frost: even in warm situations, and if -covered with mats, it shoots so early that when uncovered it cannot endure the cold of spring. It would probably form a fine pillar rose, if thatched in November with green furze or whin, which •admits air and yet keeps off the severity of the frost. This covering may continue till March, and then must not be removed at once, but at twice or thrice; as want of caution in not re- moving their winter covering gradually is the death of thousands of half-hardy plants. If a plant is protected with spray or furze, remove half in mild weather in March, and let the remainder continue a week or fortnight longer, being regu- lated by the weather. The treatment of the Grevillia Rose as a pillar may be applied to all the varieties of Rosa multiflora, except Eusselliana, as they are impatient of cold. Hybrida, or Laure Davoust, is a hybrid, and a most elegant and beau- tiful rose, having all the peculiar neatness of the double red and white varieties, with larger flowers and more beautiful foliage. This is one of the prettiest climbing roses known. A Genevese friend informs me that some pillars of this rose at Geneva are thirty feet high, and covered with flowers the greater part of summer. Kubra is a 3
86 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
our oldest variety, but still interesting and pretty. Large plants of this rose may sometimes be seen, seldom putting forth flowers; this is owing to severe pruning, or to the winter killing the small spray-like shoots, from which they are generally produced. Superba is a variety approaching the Grevillia Kose in appearance, but much more dwarf and hardy.
These roses have but few adaptations. I have given under Grevillia Kose their culture as pillar roses : for these and for warm situations against walls, they are very ornamental : they also bloom in the greatest perfection as standards, but they will require removing to a warm shed in winter. Grafted on short stems and grown in large pots, they bloom freely, and form pretty objects, as they produce their myriads of elegant flowers the greater part of summer.
THE EVERGREEN ROSE.
(ROSA SEMPERVIRENS.)
The original of this beautiful family is the Rosa sempervirens, the climbing Wild Rose of Italy, with small single white flowers, and foliage nearly evergreen. Monsieur Jacques, the chief gardener at the Chateau de Neuilly, has had the pleasure of originating most of the varieties now in cul- tivation; two or three he has named after the
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 87
daughters of his royal master, King Louis Phi- lippe: Adelaide d'Orleans is one of these, and a very pretty and excellent rose it is, with dark shining green foliage, and beautiful shaded pale rose-coloured flowers ; in the Floricultural Cabinet for September, 1837, a figure of it is given, which is as like a sunflower as this pretty and distinct rose. Banksia3flora is more fragrant than the ge- nerality of these roses ; it seems hybridised in a trifling degree with the old Musk Rose, which has probably imparted a little of its delightful per- fume; this has small and very double white flowers. Brunonii is not a true Sempervirens, but approaching so near in its habit, that it cannot be placed in any other division with propriety. It has more colour than usual in roses of this family, as they are all inclined to pale flesh-colour, or white. This is of a vivid rose-colour, and very pretty and distinct. Carnea grandiflora: this name conveys an accurate description, as its flowers are large and flesh-coloured. Donna Maria is of the purest white, with fine dark green foliage, and very double flowers ; a good and distinct rose. Eximia is a new variety, that has not yet bloomed here : it has been described as ff rose edged with white." In habit, it is much like Indica major.* Felicite perpetue has been sold as " Noisette flora- bunda," " Noisette compacta," " Mademoiselle
* After waiting three years, this rose has bloomed, and proved nothing but Rosa Indica Major.
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88 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
Euphrasie," " Abelard sempervirens : " and pro- bably under some other high-sounding appellations, for it is a general favourite, and justly so, as it is one of the most beautiful of roses. No plant can be more lovely than a large specimen of this rose, covered with its double ranunculus-like cream- coloured flowers. It will not bloom if pruned much ; therefore its shoots must be tied in their full length, and thinned out if too numerous, but not shortened.
Jaunatre is a new variety, with yellowish-white flowers. This is evidently hybridised with the Musk or Noisette Kose, as it is fragrant.
Melanie de Montjoie has large flowers of the purest white, and foliage very abundant and beau- tiful, of a shining dark green, contrasting finely with its flowers.
Myrianthes, sometimes called Eanunculacea, is a charming plant : its flowers are so perfectly and elegantly shaped, and their colour so delicate, that, if not the most beautiful of all, it is one among them. Plena is also known as Semper- virens major, and as the Double White Noisette. This is our oldest double variety, and a very good rose. Princesse Louise and Princesse Marie* I have found so much alike, that I have not entered the latter in the catalogue, Princesse Louise is a fine and vigorous-growing variety, with flowers
* I have recently received the true Princesse Marie, a very pretty rose-coloured rose.
THE SUMMER EOSE GARDEN. 89
very double and prettily cupped. Rampant, as its name implies, is a most vigorous and rampant grower, and a very pretty pure white rose. This will cover a wall or building with nearly as much rapidity as the common Ayrshire. Rose Foncee has very dark shining green foliage, and varies in the colour of its flowers ; for this season (1837) they have not, by any means, been either a bright or deep rose-colour, though in 1836 they were very distinct and in character. Scandens is a hybrid Sempervirens, having much of the Ayr- shire habit, and making shoots of an immense length in one season. Its flowers are of a delicate buff when they first open, but they soon change to a pale flesh-colour. Alice Grey is the poetical name given to this rose by some nurserymen. Spectabile, or Rose Ayez of some catalogues, is a fine and distinct climbing rose, with bright rosy lilac flowers, and curiously incised petals ; a most vigorous-growing and desirable variety. Triomphe de Bolwyller, or Sempervirens Odorata, is a hybrid between the Rosa Sempervirens and the Tea-scented China Rose, and decidedly the finest climbing rose known ; its large globular flowers are very fragrant, and much like Noisette La- marque, differing slightly in colour. This rose often blooms in the autumn, and that pleasing quality makes it still more desirable.
The varieties of Rosa Sempervirens are of the easiest culture, as they seem to flourish in all soils
90 THE SUMMER EOSE GARDEN.
and situations. In sheltered places and under trees they are nearly evergreen, retaining their leaves till spring. This makes them valuable for cover- ing banks, trees, or walls. I know of no rose idea prettier than that of a wilderness of evergreen roses, the varieties planted promiscuously, and suffered to cover the surface of the ground with their entangled shoots. To effect this, the ground should be dug, manured, and thoroughly cleaned from perennial weeds, such as couch grass, &c., and the plants planted from three to five feet asunder. If the soil is rich, the latter distance will do; they must be hoed amongst, and kept clean from weeds after planting, till the branches meet ; they will then soon form a beautiful mass of foliage and flowers, covering the soil too densely for weeds of minor growth to flourish. Those weeds that are more robust should be pulled out occasionally, and this is all the culture they will require ; for temples, columns, and verandahs, their use is now becoming well known. One of the most complete temples of roses is that at the seat of Warner, Esq., Hoddesdon, Hert- fordshire ; and the prettiest specimens of festoon- ing these roses from one column to another, by means of small iron chains (strong iron wire will do), may be seen at Broxbourn Bury, near Hod- desdon, the seat of Bosanquet, Esq. They
also form elegant and graceful standards ; like the Ayrshire roses their shoots are pendulous, and soon
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 91
hide the stem, in a few years forming a pretty dome of foliage and flowers; for covering the naked stems of forest or ornamental trees they are also very useful, as their roots will not injure the tree which supports them ; and if strong copper wire is brought loosely round the trunk of the tree to support their branches, they will give scarcely any trouble in such situations. To make them grow vigorously, give them a supply of manure on the surface, annually in the autumn, to be carried to their roots by the rains of winter. In autumn or winter pruning, their branches must be left their full length, for, if shortened, they will make prodigious long shoots the following season, but produce no flowers ; as they are very flexible, they can be laid in and twisted in any direction, but the use of the knife must be avoided as much as possible.
THE BOURSAULT ROSE. (ROSA ALPINA.)
This is a most distinct group of roses, with long, reddish, flexible shoots ; they are not such decided climbers as the preceding three divisions, but they are excellently well adapted for pillar roses : they owe their origin to the Rosa Alpina, a single red rose, a native of the Alps, and also of the hills in the south of France. M. Boursault, formerly a
92 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
great Parisian Rose amateur, gave his name to the group, by the first double variety, the Red, being named after him. Blush, or Boursault Florida, Calypso, White Boursault, Bengale Florida, Rose de Lisle, &c., for it is known by all these names, is a beautiful rose, and when trained up a pillar its large and delicately-coloured flowers have a fine effect ; the Tea-scented Roses budded on this rose bloom in great perfection. Crimson, or Amadis, is also a very fine pillar rose ; its clusters of large, deep purple and crimson flowers are inclined to be pendulous, consequently they have a fine effect when on a tall pillar. Drummond's Thornless is now an old variety, but it produces such a pro- fusion of bright red flowers, that it ought to be in every collection of climbing roses. Elegans is a most beautiful vivid-coloured rose ; its purple and crimson flowers are often striped with white : this has a long succession of bloom, as it is one of the earliest and latest of summer roses. Gracilis is a hybrid, of the most vigorous growth in good soils, often making shoots ten to twelve feet long in one season ; unlike the other varieties of this division, its shoots are covered with thorns. Nothing can be more graceful than the luxuriant foliage of this plant; it has also finely-cupped flowers, of the most vivid rose-colour, and must be reckoned a beautiful and desirable rose. Inermis, or Bour- sault Pleine, is a pretty variety, with flowers of a bright red, and a fine and luxuriant grower.
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 93
The Red Boursault is our oldest variety, and, though only semi-double, it is distinct, pretty, and still a rose worth cultivating.
THE BANKSIAN ROSE.
(Eos A BANKSL^;.)
Among the Banksian Roses, botanists class Rosa lasvigata, or sinica, a rose with peculiarly glossy foliage, and large single white flowers. This is a native of Georgia, also of Tartary and China, and, very probably, is the plant from which the Chinese derived our Double Banksian Roses. Rosa sinica is also known as Rosa laevigata and Rosa ternata.
Our popular Double White Banksian Rose is almost universally known and admired. It was introduced in 1807 ; and very large plants are now to be seen in some situations : one in the garden of Miss Chauncey, at Cheshunt, covers a wall of immense extent. The flowers of the White Banksian Rose have a slight violet-like perfume, very agreeable. The Yellow Banksian Rose was brought to this country in 1827. This is an unique and beautiful variety, with scentless straw-* coloured flowers, a little inclining to buff: they are like the flowers of the white, very small and double. Both these roses bloom early in May; and large plants, covered with their clusters of
94 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
flowers, have a pretty, but most un-rose-like ap- pearance. The Rose-coloured Banksian Rose is a hybrid, with very bright rose-coloured flowers, the whole plant partaking as much of the charac- ter of the Boursault Rose as of the Banksian : in fact, it is a most complete mule ; and though it has lost a little too much caste in the shape and size of its flowers — for they are a degree larger, and not quite so double as those of the Banksian Rose — it will prove a very pretty, bright-coloured climber, and quite hardy. The Rosa Banksia Odoratissima, lately introduced from France, and in some catalogues said to have rose-coloured flowers, in others rose-coloured margined with white, I am fearful is a rose with a "nom d'affaire."
The true Banksian Roses are not adapted for pillar roses, as they are too tender : they require a wall, or very sheltered situation. Their very early flowering, also, renders this quite necessary, as the spring frosts, in cold exposures, destroy the bloom in the bud. They bloom more freely in dry than in wet, retentive soils, and they require pruning with care, for none of the small and twiggy branches should be shortened; but, if the plant has a superabundance, some of them may be removed. If their branches are shortened they will not bloom, but put forth a profusion of strong shoots. The flowers will be generally found in the greatest abundance on these small and twiggy branches, which at once points out the necessity
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 95
of their being left on the plant. Often, towards the end of summer, large old plants will produce immensely thick and strong shoots. These should be removed early in autumn, unless they are wanted to fill up a vacancy on the wall : the upper part of the plant, and its flowering twigs, will then not be exhausted in spring by them.
Banksian Roses seldom bear seed in this country; but in the south of France, and in Italy, they produce it in tolerable abundance ; so that we may yet expect crimson and other coloured roses of this charming family.
HYBRID CLIMBING ROSES.
These are hardy and strong-growing roses, the origin of some of them not well ascertained. Among them, Astrolabe is a pretty, bright- coloured, and very double rose ; not so vigorous in its growth as some others, but a distinct and good variety. Clair is a single hybrid rose, with small crimson flowers, said to be between Rosa sempervirens and the Crimson China Rose, or Rosa semperflorens. This is a singular and rather pretty rose, blooming all the autumn : it will, pro- bably, be the parent of some beautiful climbers, as it bears seed freely. Indica major has perhaps a dozen names ; for as " Rosa Bengalensis," " Ben- galensis Scandens," and the " Walton Rose " of
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Essex, it is well known ; and last, but not least, as "Rosa craculatum,"— a name given to it by Mr. Wood of Maresfield. It is a fine robust variety, nearly evergreen, and makes shoots from ten to fifteen feet in length in one season. Its flowers are large, nearly double, and of a delicate pale rose-colour. This beautiful rose may be soon made to cover the most unsightly buildings or walls. Miller's Climber, from the nursery of Mr. Miller of Bristol, is a pretty bright pink rose, with small flowers, not quite double. Madame d'Arblay, or Wells' White, has been till now placed among Rosa sempervirens ; but its habit is so different, and its origin so well ascertained, that I have removed it to this division.
This robust variety was raised from seed some years since by Mr. Wells of Redleaf, near Ton- bridge Wells ; and, I believe, given by him to the Messrs. Young of Epsom, from whom I received it, under the name of Madame d'Arblay. In strong soils it makes the most gigantic growth, soon forming a tree or a pillar of the largest size : its flowers are very double and pretty. The Garland, or Wood's Garland, is also a seedling, raised by Mr. Wells of Redleaf, I believe, from the seed of the Noisette Rose. Like Madame d'Ar- blay this is a vigorous grower, producing its flowers in immense clusters. These are fragrant, and change from white to pink after expansion.
Rosa elegans is a variety which has hitherto
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 97
been omitted in the catalogue. This is also known as Bengale Elegante : it is a rose of most distinct character, with cupped flowers, of the brightest pink, and nearly double. It makes long flexible shoots, and blooms in great profusion for a much longer period than any other summer rose.
To Hybrid Climbing Roses a very singular and pretty variety has been added. This I have raised from Italian seed. It produces abundance of flowers in large clusters, of a bright crimson scarlet, nearly double, and, what is very rare among climbing roses, they are very fragrant. I have named this rose " Sir John Sebright," as I have the honour of knowing that Sir John is a great admirer of brilliant coloured climbing roses.
A new family of climbing roses has been lately introduced from North America; we owe this group to Eosa rubifolia, the Bramble-leaved Rose. A Mr. Feast, nurseryman at Baltimore, has been the originator of a few varieties, one of which is described as being an autumnal bloomer. The Queen of the Prairies is said to be one of the best of these roses, producing its flowers in large clus- ters, of a bright rose-colour ; its foliage is large, and habit very robtbst. The plants have grown very freely here this summer, but none of them have yet produced flowers.
Among climbing roses but few can be found that will bear seed in this country, the Ayrshire Roses excepted, from some of which it is probable H
98 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
that some fine and original climbers may be raised. A most desirable object to obtain is a dark crim- son Rosa ruga; this may possibly be accomplished by planting that favourite rose with the Ayrshire Queen,, and fertilising its flowers very carefully with those of that dark rose. It is remarkable that although these roses are both hybrids, from species apparently very remote in their affinities, yet both of them bear seed, even without being fertilised. The Blush Ayrshire, a most abun- dant seed-bearer, may be planted with the Ayr- shire Queen, the Common Bourbon, Gloire de Rosomene, the Double Yellow Briar, Single Crimson Moss, Celine, Henri Barbet, the China Rose, Fabvier, Tea Princesse Hellene (Luxem- bourg), and its flowers fertilised with the pollen of these roses ; if any combination can be effected, pleasing results may reasonably be hoped for. To (f make assurance doubly sure," the anthers of the Ayrshire Rose should be removed from some of the flowers with which the experiment is tried.
The Red Boursault Rose, planted with Athelin, may perhaps be made the parent of some brilliant red climbing roses.
Rose Clair, if planted against a south wall, with Gloire de Rosomene, or fertilised with the flowers of Athelin, Sir John Sebright, or the Ayrshire Queen, would give some distinct and curious varieties.
Sempervirens Scandens, of which the flowers
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 99
are buff when they first open, would be worth ex- perimenting upon with the Double Yellow Briar; as this is a most vigorous climber, its progeny > however much of hybrids, would be sure to retain enough of that desirable quality.
TREATMENT OF THE SEED, SOWING, &c.
The heps of all the varieties of roses will in general be fully ripe by the beginning of Novem- ber ; they should then be gathered and kept entire, in a flower-pot filled with dry sand, care- fully guarded from mice ; in February, or by the first week in March, they must be broken to pieces with the fingers, and sown in flower-pots, such as are generally used for sowing seeds in, called " seed-pans," but for rose seeds they should not be too shallow ; nine inches hi depth will be enough; these should be nearly, but not quite, filled with a rich compost of rotten manure and sandy loam or peat ; the seeds may be covered, to the depth of about half an inch, with the same compost ; a piece of kiln wire must then be placed over the pot, fitting closely at the run, so as to prevent the ingress of mice, which are passionately fond of rose seeds ; there must be space enough between the wire and the mould for the young plants to come up, half an inch will probably be found enough; the pots of seed must never be H 2
100 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
placed under glass, but kept constantly in the open air, in a full sunny exposure, as the wire will shade the mould, and prevent its drying. Water should be given occasionally in dry wea- ther ; the young plants will perhaps make their appearance in April or May, but very often the seed does not vegetate till the second spring. When they have made their " rough leaves," that is, when they have three or four leaves, exclusive of their seed leaves, they must be carefully raised with the point of a narrow pruning knife, potted into small pots, and placed in the shade : if the weather is very hot and dry, they may be covered with a handglass for a few days. They may re- main in those pots a month, and then be planted out into a rich border ; by the end of August those that are robust growers will have made shoots long enough for budding. Those that have done so may be cut down, and one or two strong stocks budded with each ; these will the following summer make vigorous shoots, and the summer following, if left unpruned, to a certainty they will produce flowers. This is the only method to ensure seedling roses flowering the third year; many will do so that are not worked, but very often the superior varieties are shy bloomers on their own roots, till age and careful culture give them strength.
It may be mentioned here, as treatment ap- plicable to all seed-bearing roses, that when it is
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desirable the qualities. .of >a fiwoimte rose should preponderate, the petalsv of the flower to' be fer- tilised must be opeagd" "gei/Jy with the lingers*; a flower that will expand in the morning should be opened the afternoon or evening previous, and the anthers all removed with a pair of pointed scissors ; the following morning when this flower
* It requires some watchfulness to do this at the proper time ; if too soon, the petals will be injured in forcing them open ; and in hot weather in July, if delayed only an hour or two, the anthers will be found to have shed their pollen. To ascertain precisely when the pollen is in a fit state for transmission, a few of the anthers should be gently pressed with the finger and thumb ; if the yellow dust adheres to them the operation may be performed ; it requires close examination and some practice to know when the flower to be operated upon is in a fit state to receive the pollen ; as a general rule, the flowers ought to be in the same state of ex- pansion, or, in other words, about the same age. It is only in cases where it is wished for the qualities of a particular rose to predominate, that the removal of the anthers of the rose to be fertilised is necessary ; thus, if a yellow climbing rose is desired by the union of the Yellow Briar with the Ayrshire, every anther should be removed from the latter, so that it is fertilised solely with the pollen of the former. In some cases, where it is de- sirable to have the qualities of both parents in an equal degree, the removal of the anthers must not take place ; thus, I have found by removing them from the Luxembourg Moss, and fer- tilising that rose with a dark variety of Rosa Gallica, that the features of the Moss Rose are totally lost in its offspring, and they become nearly pure varieties of the former ; but if the anthers of the Moss Rose are left untouched, and it is fertilised with Rosa Gallica, interesting hybrids are the result, more or less mossy ; this seems to make superfetation very probable ; yet Dr. Lind- ley in " Theory of Horticulture," page 332, " thinks it is not very likely to occur."
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is fully Expanded it 'must be fertilised with a flower' cf SQii^e *vaiiety> of which it is desired to ha ve" seedlings 'pai'takiirg largely of its qualities. To exemplify this,, we will suppose that a climbing Moss Eose with red or crimson flowers is wished for: the flowers of the Blush Ayrshire, which bears seed abundantly, may be selected, and before expansion the anthers removed; the fol- lowing morning, or as soon after the operation as these flowers open, they should be fertilised with those of the Luxembourg Moss; if the opera- tion succeed, seed will be procured, from which the probability is, that a climbing rose will be produced with the habit and flowers of the Moss Eose, or at least an approximation to them ; and as these hybrids often bear seed freely, by repeat- ing the process with them, the at present apparent remote chance of getting a climbing Moss Eose may be brought very near.
I mention the union of the Moss and Ayrshire Eose by way of illustration, and merely to point out to the amateur how extensive and how in- teresting a field of operations is open in this way. I ought to give a fact that has occurred in my own experience, which will tell better with the sceptical than a thousand anticipations. About four years since, in a pan of seedling Moss Eoses, was one with a most peculiar habit, even when very young ; this has since proved a hybrid rose, partaking much more of the Scotch Eose than of
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 103
any other, and till the plant arrived at full growth I thought it a Scotch Rose, the seed of which had by accident been mixed with that of the Moss Rose, although I had taken extreme care : to my surprise it has since proved a perfect hybrid, having the sepals and the fruit of the Provence Rose, with the spiny and dwarf habit of the Scotch Rose ; it bears abundance of heps, which are all abortive.* The difference in the fruit of the Moss and Provence Rose, and those of the Scotch is very remarkable, and this it was which drew my particular attention to the plant in question ; it was raised from the same seed, and in the same seed-pan, as the Single Crimson Moss Rose ; as this strange hybrid came from a Moss Rose accidentally fertilised, we may expect that art will do much more for us.
The following extract from the Botanical Re- gister for January, 1840, will, I think, go to prove that these expectations are not without found- ation : —
" My principal reason for publishing a figure of this very remarkable plant, Fuchsia Standishii, is because it is a mule between Fuchsia fulgens and Fuchsia globosa, two plants as dissimilar as possible in the same genus. The former, indeed,
* It is more than probable, that if the flowers of this rose were fertilised with those of the single Moss Rose, they would pro- duce seed from which some curious hybrid moss roses might be expected.
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figured in this work for the year 1838, tab. 1., differs in so many respects from the common species of the genus, especially in having an herbaceous stem and tuberous roots, that it has been supposed impossible that it should be a Fuchsia at all. It now, however, appears, from the fact of its crossing freely with the common Fuchsias, that it produces hybrids, and really does belong to the genus. These hybrids are completely intermediate between the two parents ; in this case having the leaves, flowers, and habit of their mother, Fuchsia globosa, with the hairi- ness and tenderness of foliage of their father, some of his colouring, and much of his herbaceous character. It is by no means necessary to take Fuchsia globosa for the female parent, as Fuchsia fulgens is found to intermix readily with many other species. That which is now figured is the handsomest I have seen. It was raised by Mr. John Standish, nurseryman, Bagshot, who sent me specimens last July, together with flowers of several others of inferior appearance. He tells me that it is an exceedingly free bloomer, with a stiff erect habit; and I can state, from my personal knowledge, that the plant is very hand- some."
Now this is from Dr. Lindley, who may be quoted as a weighty authority ; and this plant is a hybrid between two, one of which, I believe, it was seriously contemplated to place out of the genus
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 105
Fuchsia, so dissimilar did it appear to any known species of that genus. After this, we may hope for a Mossy Bourbon Rose, and a Yellow Ayr- shire.
PROPAGATION OF SUMMER ROSES.
There are four modes of propagation applicable to Summer Roses, viz. by layers, by cuttings, by budding, and by grafting. Layering may be per- formed in spring, summer, and autumn ; the two latter seasons only can be recommended, but if any are forgotten or omitted by accident, the operation in spring will often give success ; still, as summer layering is the most legitimate, I shall give directions for that my first notice.
About the middle of July in most seasons the shoots will be found about eighteen inches or two feet in length; from these, two thirds of their length the leaves should be cut off, close to the shoot, be- ginning at the base, with a very sharp knife ; the shoot must then be brought to the ground, so as to be able to judge in what place the hole must be made to receive it ; this may be made large enough to hold a quarter of a peck of compost : in heavy and retentive soils this should be rotten dung and pit sand in equal quantities, well mixed ; the shoot must then be " tongued," i. e. the knife introduced just below a bud and brought upwards, so as to cut about half way through ; this must be done at
106 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
the side or back of the shoot (not by any means at the front or in the bend), so that the tongue does not close ; to make this certain a small piece of glass or thin earthenware may be introduced to keep it open. Much nicety is required to have the tongue at the upper part of the shoot, so as not to be in the part which forms the bow, as it is of consequence that it should be within two inches of the surface, so as to feel the effects of the atmospheric heat ; unless this is attended to the roots will not be emitted quickly ; the tongued part must be placed in the centre of the compost, and a moderate-sized stone put on the surface of the ground to keep the layer in its place. The first week in November the layers may be taken from the parent plant, and either potted as re- quired, or planted out where they are to remain. Those shoots not long enough in July and August may be layered in October, when the layers are taken from the shoots, and, if any are forgotten, February and March will be the most favourable months for the operation : as a general rule, July is the most proper season.
PROPAGATION BY CUTTINGS.
To procure early cuttings, so as to have plants ready for planting out in June, strong plants must be placed in the forcing-house in December ; these will make vigorous shoots, which, when
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thoroughly ripe in March, should be made into cuttings about six inches in length; the leaves must be left on that part of the cutting above the surface. Supposing the cutting to contain six buds, from three of these the leaves may be removed, or, if they are very large, even four, leaving two buds with the leaves attached. The cuttings may be planted singly in small pots filled one third with small pieces of broken pots (on these must the end of the cutting rest), and the remainder with light mould, or peat and sand equal quantities ; the cuttings must then be placed in a gentle hot-bed and kept perfectly close, no air should be admitted, by raising the lights in the slightest degree, except for the operation of watering ; they must be sprinkled with tepid water every morning and again in the afternoon, but the latter only in bright sunny weather : these opera- tions should be performed as quickly as possible, to prevent their being exposed to the exhausting effects of the open air. They will have made roots in a fortnight or three weeks. When this is ascertained, which can be done by gently turn- ing out the plant, they should be placed in a cold frame and still kept close. After being a week in this situation they may be potted into larger pots. This is a very interesting me- thod of propagation, and the plants made in this manner form very pretty bushes of compact growth ; it is applicable to all roses ; even Moss
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Roses will strike root if treated as above ; they require more patience, as they are longer in forming their roots than many, as are also the Provence. Care must be taken that the shoots, before being formed into cuttings, are perfectly ripe : an invariable sign of their maturity is when the terminal bud is formed at the end of the shoot ; this shows that they have made their first growth; to hasten this, the plants should be placed in the most sunny situation, so as to mature their shoots as early as possible.
Cuttings of Hybrid China Koses, Hybrid Bourbons, and of all the climbing roses, may be raised with facility by planting them in a shady border in September. They may be made about ten inches in length, two thirds of which should be planted in the soil : in fact, they can scarcely be planted too deep : one, or at most two, buds above the surface will be enough ; on these buds the leaves must be left untouched. These will be fit for planting out the following autumn.
PROPAGATION BY BUDDING.
This seems at present, owing to the strong wish manifested by the present generation to do every thing quickly, to be the favourite mode of propa- gation. A summer rose from a cutting requires at least two seasons to form a blooming plant. A layer is occasionally very capricious, and very loth
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 109
to make roots ; indeed, of some varieties, particu- larly of Rosa alba, they will not by any means be induced to form roots when layered, and are very difficult even to be propagated by cuttings from the forcing-house; but these become perfectly docile and manageable when budded, in one season only forming large and handsome plants. The ope- ration of budding is difficult to describe. A longi- tudinal cut, not so deep as to cut into the wood, but merely through the bark, should be made in the clear part of the shoot; thus /[", making the diagonal cut at the top of the incision. I differ from most of those who have given directions for budding, as they make the incision thus, f : my practice has arisen from the frequent inconve- nience sustained by shoots from standard stocks being broken off by the wind, when the cut is made at right angles : with the diagonal incision an accident rarely happens : the bark on both sides this incision must be opened with the flat handle peculiar to the budding knife, and the bud in- serted : the slice of bark taken off the shoot with the bud in the centre should not be more than an inch in length ; but half an inch is enough, the incision being made of the same length : this is the length used by experienced budders, who pride themselves upon performing the operation in the neatest manner possible. When the bud is in- serted, cut off with your knife (which should be very sharp) a piece from the upper part of the
110 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
plate, i. e. the piece of bark with the bud attached, so that it fits closely to the diagonal cut at top ; then bind it up firmly with cotton twist, such as the tallow-chandlers use for the wicks of candles ; the finest quality is best : this is the most eligible binding known, and far preferable to matting or worsted. Many writers recommend the wood to be left in the plate : in cases where the bud is un- ripe this may be very well ; but, as a general rule, always remove it. Take buds that are mature, and, by placing the thumb nail at the top of the plate, peel cleanly the wood from the bark : if a remnant of wood is left on or near the eye of the bud, let it remain; it will do no harm; but if attempted to be removed, the eye is liable to be bruised and injured. Budding may be commenced in June, and performed as late as the second week in September; if done in June, the only shoots fit to take buds from are those that have shed their bloom: on these alone the buds are mature. I have occasionally known them to suc- ,ceed in October. After August it is at the best uncertain, as the success of the operation entirely depends upon the state of the weather. In taking the wood from the bark, it will seem occasionally as if the eye or root of the bud is dragged out ; it will then appear hollow : this only appears so, and is not of the least consequence, at least wTith roses, as those apparently hollow buds take as readily as those with the eye prominent.
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. Ill
PROPAGATION BY GRAFTING.
This may be performed in the forcing-house in January, and in the open air in February and March. There are many modes of grafting: those most eligible for roses are the common "whip grafting/' using clay as a covering, and " cleft grafting/' using wax or pitch : the former is generally the most successful ; and if the stocks are potted a year before being used, strong bloom- ing plants of the perpetual roses may be made in three months.
A neighbouring amateur has been very fortunate in grafting roses, merely gathering his stocks from the hedges in January and February, and immediately grafting and potting them after the operation ; in doing so covering the union of the graft firmly with mould, using no clay, so as to leave only three or four buds above the surface, and placing them in a gentle hot-bed, in a common garden frame, keeping them very close. In this simple method of operating I have seen eighteen out of twenty grafts grow, but, owing to the stocks not being established in pots a year as they ought to have been, these plants have not made strong and luxuriant shoots the first season. Stocks may be potted in October if none can be had established in pots ; these may be used in January or Feb- ruary with much success.
112 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
In whip grafting of roses in pots it will be as well to omit the usual tongue by which in open air the graft is, as it were, hung on the stock ; this tonguing weakens rose-grafts too much; as their shoots are generally pithy, a slice of bark with a very small portion of wood about 1 J inch in length, taken from one side of the stock where the bark is clear and free from knots, is all that is required ; then take part of a shoot about seven inches in length, and pare its lower end down quite thin till it fits accurately on the place in length and breadth, from whence the slice of bark and wood from the stock was taken ; bind it firmly with strong bass, which has been soaked in water, and then place clay over it, so as to leave no crack for the admission of air: presuming this graft to be in a pot, it may be plunged in sawdust or old tan, leaving two buds of the graft above the surface in a gentle hot bed, and kept close till it has put forth its shoots: when these are three inches in length, air may be admitted gradually by propping up the light : if perpetual roses, they may shortly be removed to the greenhouse, where they will bloom in great perfection in early spring. After this first bloom their shoots should be shortened, and if required they may be planted in the open bor- ders, where they will flower again and again during the summer : if summer roses they will flower but once, but they will make strong shoots and esta- blish themselves for another season ; if a forcing-
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 113
house is used instead of a hot-bed frame they must be plunged in the same materials, as this keeps the clay moist, and generally ensures suc- cess ; if convenient, grafting wax, made as follows, may be used in lieu of clay : 1 Ib. Burgundy pitch, ^ Ib. common pitch, 2 oz. bees' wax, and £ oz. mutton fat, melted, and put on with a brush while warm : in cleft grafting, for a description of which I must refer to London's Encyclopaedia of Gardening, article " grafting." Grafting pitch must alone be used if the grafts are small ; this is a very nice mode, but difficult to describe, and the same result may be obtained by rind-grafting*, a very neat method : before this operation the stocks must be placed in the forcing-house for a few days till the bark will run, i. e. part readily from the wood ; the top of the stock must then be cut off cleanly, and without the least slope; an incision, as in budding, must then be made through the bark from the crown of the stock downwards, about one inch in length, which can be opened with the haft of a budding-knife ; directly opposite to this incision a bud should be left if one can be found on the stem of the stock, the graft must then be cut flat on one side, as for whip-grafting, and inserted between the bark and wood, bound with bass, and covered with grafting wax. In March
* The best stocks for this kind of grafting are the Blush Bour- sault and Rosa Manettii ; the latter I received a few years since from Italy.
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114 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
this may be done with young shoots of the current season from the forcing-house; they must be mature ; as a rule, take only bloom shoots that have just shed their flowers — these are always ripe. To those who love roses, I know no gardening operation of more interest than that of grafting roses in pots in winter ; blooming plants of the perpetual roses are made so quickly, and they are so constantly under observation; but for this a small forcing-house is of course necessary: a house twelve feet by eight feet, with an eighteen- inch Arnott's stove, will do all that is necessary ; and the expense of a structure of these dimensions is very moderate. What can be done in the way of propagation in so small a house with method is quite astonishing ; a hot-bed frame will give the same results, but the plants cannot be viewed in bad weather with equal facility; that interest attached to watching closely every shoot as it pushes forth to bud and bloom in all its gay attire is lost. To the mind happily constituted this is a calm and untiring pleasure; the bud breaking through its brown wintry covering into verdant leaves, replete with the delicate tints so peculiar to early spring, and unchecked by cold and withering blasts, makes us feel vernal pleasures, even in January ; and then the peeping flower- buds perhaps of some rare and as yet unseen variety, add to these still calm pleasures, felt only by those who really love plants and flowers, and all the lovely creations of nature.
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 115
PLANTING.
November and December are so well known to be favourable months for planting the Summer blooming Boses, that it is thought by many ama- teurs no others are or can be so eligible : applied to dry sandy soils this idea is quite correct ; but on wet retentive soils February is much better, as the holes can be opened in winter so that the mould is pulverised by frost. In light soils a mixture of well-rotted manure,, and rich stiff loam from an old pasture, giving to each plant, if a standard, a wheelbarrow-full, if a dwarf, about half that quantity, will be found the best compost : if the soil is stiff, half a wheelbarrow-full of ma- nure mixed with the natural soil will be quite sufficient.
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116
THE
AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
To Autumnal Roses we are much indebted for that prolonged season of interest which this " Queen of Flowers " now gives. The roses of June, however splendid, soon fade; but some Per- petual, or Noisette, or Bourbon roses enrich our gardens with their perfume and gay colours, till the chills of approaching winter prevent the ex- pansion of their flowers. Among the most fra- grant of these autumnal beauties are
PERPETUAL ROSES.
This division has as much variety in its origin as in its appearance : it would, indeed, be a dif- ficult task to trace the parentage of some of the justly esteemed varieties of this family. Our old red and white monthly roses have, no doubt, con- tributed their share of sweet assistance; for, in many of them, the powerful fragrance of these two very old damask roses is apparent, and no perfume can be more pleasing.
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 117
In preference to giving a slight history of the family at the commencement, I shall, as I describe them, at the risk of being tedious, give the sup- posed origin of most of the varieties ; premising, that all those termed true perpetuals have, gene- rally, a terminal cluster of buds at the end of each shoot, whether produced in spring, summer, or autumn.
Antinous is a new rose, evidently between the French Rose and Crimson Perpetual, equalling that fine rose in form and fragance, and surpassing it in beauty of colouring ; but it partakes rather more than it ought to do of the French Rose, as it [is not a True Perpetual. However, it often puts forth its fine crimson-purple flowers in Sep- tember; it will therefore be much esteemed, as we have hitherto been accustomed to roses of more sober hues in that pleasant month. Billiard, so named from a French rose amateur, is a pretty bright rose, very fragrant and double, and a True Perpetual. Belle Italienne approaches very near to the Crimson Perpetual, except that its flowers are larger, and not quite so double : this is also a True Perpetual. Bernard, or Pompon Perpetual, is a most beautiful new rose, with rather small flowers ; but these are very double and finely shaped, of a delicate carmine colour: this is a True Perpetual, and a most desirable rose.
The Crimson Perpetual, Rose du Roi, or Lee's I 3
118 THE AUTUMNAL EOSE GARDEN.
Crimson Perpetual,, deserves a few extra words of comment. This fine rose was raised from seed, in 1812, in the gardens of the palace of Saint Cloud, then under the direction of Le Comte Lelieur, and named by him Rose du Roi ; owing, I sup- pose, to Louis the Eighteenth soon after that time being restored, and presenting an opportunity for the Comte to show his loyalty : it is not recorded that he changed its name during the hundred days to Rose de 1'Empereur ! It is asserted that it was raised from the Rosa Portlandica, a semi-double bright-coloured rose, much like the rose known in this country as the Scarlet Four-Seasons, or Rosa Paestana ; which Eustace tells us, in his Classical Tour, grows among the ruins of Paastum, enliven- ing them with its brilliant autumnal flowers. This is treated as a traveller's tale by one or two of our English botanists, and the Rosa Paestana is said to have been originated from seed in England : but was that seed from Italy ?
Every gentleman's garden ought to have a large bed of Crimson Perpetual Roses, to furnish bou- quets during August, September, and October; their fragrance is so delightful, their colour so rich, and their form so perfect.
Crispata, or the Curled Perpetual, is one of those whimsies of nature, more curious than pretty. Each leaf is curled, and forms a ring, giving an odd appearance to the plant. De Neuilly is a hybrid Bourbon of great excellence, having all the
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 119
peculiar beauty of the Bourbon Roses, with thg fragrance of the Damask Kose. It is a most abundant autumnal bloomer, and ought to be ex- tensively cultivated. De Eennes is a True Per- petual, of first-rate excellence, with large and very double flowers. Delice d'Hiver is a splendid rose, with large and finely-shaped flowers, of that vivid rose-colour so much admired ; also a True Per- petual. Desespoir des Amateurs, or Perpetuatis- sima, had its origin in Italy, from whence it was ushered into France, with its high-sounding names, equally ridiculous; for, in reality, the rose, though pretty and fragrant, is much below many in this division. It is a hybrid of uncertain origin, and totally unlike any other rose in habit, which is dwarf and rather delicate.
Flon, Gloire des Perpetuelles, and La Mienne, are roses of the same race or breed, and have the same leading features, differing only, and that but little, in the size of their flowers.* They are all True Perpetuals, and abundant bloomers, with a peculiar and pretty habit ; for their foliage has a soft appearance, and, when the plants are covered with their brilliant red flowers, no Per- petual Roses are more beautiful. Ferox is quite unique, and very magnificent, having larger flowers than any other in this division \ but it is
* This difference is now found to be imaginary, and owing to local circumstances.
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120 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
not a certain autumnal bloomer. The White Four- Seasons has an attractive name, but it does not deserve it, as it has not the habit of the True Four- Seasons Rose, producing constantly terminal flower-buds, but more like the Common White Damask, from which it is but little re- moved. The Grand Perpetual, or Fabert's, is a True Perpetual Kose of great excellence, requir- ing a rich soil and good culture to bloom in per- fection. It has one great fault, — the flowers produced in July are so large that they almost invariably burst, but its autumnal flowers are much more symmetrical. Grande et Belle, or Monstreuse, is a rose of immense size and beauty, and generally a good and True Perpetual. Hen- riette Boulogne is a good rose, but rather an in- constant autumnal bloomer. This, with some others, the French distinguish as roses that " re- montante- rarement," in contradistinction to the True Perpetuals, which, they say, " remontante franchement." Jean Hachette is a most immense rose, and very double, but not a True Perpetual. Jenny Audio is a rare rose, not remarkable for any peculiar beauty, but fragrant, and a True Perpetual. Josephine Antoinette is now an old variety, but a True Perpetual of great excel- lence. Louis Philippe, being introduced before Antinous, has had a large share of admiration : its immense size, under proper cultivation, and its dark purple colour, make it even yet desirable ; it
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 121
is also a True Perpetual. Lodoiska and Madame Feburier are superb roses, and very large and double ; but they are rather Inconstant Perpetuals. Marie Denise is a fine robust variety ; its flowers resemble those of Lodoiska, but more double, and the plant approaches nearer to a True Perpetual than that fine rose. Pompon Four Seasons is a very old rose, as its name may be found in many old catalogues; still it is rare, it blooms well in autumn, and forms a pretty little bush.
Pulcherie is a pretty dark purple rose, very dis- tinct, and a True Perpetual. Perpetuelle d' Angers is an old variety, a very free autumnal bloomer, and remarkably fragrant ; but its flowers are not so finely shaped as those of some other varieties. Palmire, or the Blush Perpetual, is of about the same standing as the Crimson : it is a True Per- petual, and a good rose. Panache de Girardon, or the Striped Perpetual, is a pretty variegated rose. In some seasons its flowers are much more striped than in others ; but it is not a True Perpetual. Palotte Picotee, a name without meaning, as it is not spotted, is much like the Queen of Perpetuals ; in fact, it cannot be distinguished from that rose ; and, like that, its flowers seldom or never open. Portlandica carnea is an exceedingly pretty bright rose, something like Rosa Paestana in habit, with flowers of a paler colour, and a True Perpetual. Portlandica alba, or Portland Blanc, is a new white rose of great beauty ; it however rarely opens
122 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
in our moist climate ; a True Perpetual Rose like it would be invaluable. In rich soils it will, per- haps, give a second series of flowers; but it cannot be depended upon as a constant autumnal bloomer. Prud'homme is a new and beautiful rose, bright- coloured, fragrant, and a True Perpetual. The Royal Perpetual is a seedling from the Four- Sea- sons Rose ; its flowers are very double and perfect, of a fine vivid rose-colour, and the plant a True Perpetual. Sisley's Perpetual, like De Neuilly, is hybridised with the Bourbon Rose ; and, like that fine variety, it has lost but little of the fragrance of the Damask : this is a large and beautiful au- tumnal rose. The Stanwell Perpetual, I believe, was raised from seed in Mr. Lee's nursery at Stanwell. It is in habit something like the Scotch Perpetual, but it blooms with more constancy, and with greater freedom. In the autumn its flowers are also larger ; in short, it is a much better rose pf the same family, and one of the prettiest and sweetest of autumnal roses. The Sixth of June, so named by the French in commemoration of one of their numerous political changes and " glorious days," is a miniature variety of La Mienne, and a pretty vivid-coloured rose.
Volumineuse is a magnificent rose, very large and finely shaped: but, though it often blooms finely in autumn, it must not be depended upon as a True Perpetual : this, with Madame Feburier, is now classed with the Damask roses.
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 123
To Perpetual Roses some valuable additions have been made, chiefly of Hybrid Bourbons, which partaking of the fragrance and hardiness of the Damask rose, are very desirable, as well as from their blooming so abundantly in the autumn. These roses are termed " Hybrid Perpetuals " in some catalogues. Clementine Duval is a very pretty pale rose-coloured variety of this class, of compact growth, and giving abundance of flowers. General Merlin, of the same origin, also raised by Monsieur Duval, is quite a new variety, with rose-coloured flowers/ rather bright, and elegantly shaped. Queen Victoria is of a very deep reddish rose, tinged with purple : this is a fine and robust rose. Fulgorie, like the above, is also a hybrid Bourbon, with flowers of a deep purplish crimson, very double and perfect, blooming freely all the autumn, and growing most luxuriantly. This is certainly one of the best roses of its class and colour. Marshal Soult is a robust and free- growing rose, but rather dull in colour when compared with Fulgorie. Princesse Helene is also a robust and free-growing deep rose-coloured rose: in moist weather, and sometimes in autumn, its flowers do not open freely. Coquette de Mont- morency, a bright red rose, is one of the most de- lightful varieties yet introduced : its growth is so compact, and its flowers are produced in such abun- dance, always opening freely, and always elegantly shaped, that it cannot be too much recommended.
124 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
Madame Laffay is perhaps a rose of equal merit, and if it had made its appearance before La Co- quette, Monsieur Laffay would have reaped more advantage from it; its habit is robust, and its flowers a little larger than those of the latter : this was raised from General Allard, a hybrid Bourbon rose, blooming generally but once in the season. Monsieur Laffay, by persevering through two or three generations of seedlings, has at last obtained his object in getting a Perpetual Rose of the same brilliant colour. This information will, I trust, be an incentive to amateurs in this coun- try. Roses of distant affinities cannot be brought together at once: thus a Yellow Ayrshire Rose must not be expected from the first trial, but pro- bably a climbing rose, tinged with yellow or buff, may be the fruit of the first essay. This rose must again be operated upon, and a second ge- neration will, perhaps, be nearer the end wished for : again the amateur must bring perseverance and skill into action; and then if, in the third generation, a bright yellow climbing rose is ob- tained, its possession will amply repay the labour bestowed ; but these light gardening operations are not labour, they are a delightful amusement to a refined mind, and lead it to reflect on the wonderful infinities of nature. I ought, perhaps, to mention, among new Perpetual Roses, a " Striped Crimson Perpetual," or Rose du Roi panachee which has been introduced from the
THE AUTUMNAL EOSE GARDEN. 125
South of France. The attractive descriptions of this new rose are qualified with the word " in- constant."
As the culture of this class of roses is at pre- ; sent but imperfectly understood, I shall give the result of my experience as to their cultivation, with suggestions to be acted upon according to circumstances. One peculiar feature they nearly all possess — a reluctance to root when layered ; consequently, Perpetual Roses, on their own roots, will always be scarce : when it is possible to pro- cure them, they will be found to nourish much better on dry poor soils than when grafted, as at present. Perpetual Roses require a super- abundant quantity of food : it is therefore per- fectly ridiculous to plant them on dry lawns, to suffer the grass to grow close up to their stems, and not to give them a particle of manure for years. Under these circumstances, the best va- rieties, even the Rose du Roi, will scarcely ever give a second series of flowers. To remedy the inimical nature of dry soils to this class of roses, an annual application of manure on the surface of the soil is quite necessary. The ground must not be dug, but lightly pricked over with a fork in November; after which, some manure must be laid on, about two or three inches in depth, which ought not to be disturbed, except to clean with the hoe and rake, till the following autumn. This, in some situations, in the spring months,
126 THE AUTUMNAL KOSE GARDEN.
will be unsightly : in such cases, cover with some nice green moss, as directed in the culture of Hybrid China Hoses. I have said that this treat- ment is applicable to dry poor soils ; but even in good rose soils it is almost necessary ; for it will give such increased vigour, and such a prolongation of the flowering season, as amply to repay the labour bestowed. If the soil is prepared, as directed, they will twice in the year require pruning : in November, when the beds are dressed, and again in the beginning of June. In the No- vember pruning, cut off from every shoot of the preceding summer's growth about two thirds; if they are crowded, remove some of them entirely. If this autumnal pruning is attended to, there will be, early in June, the following summer, a vast number of luxuriant shoots, each crowned with a cluster of buds. Now, as June roses are always abundant, a little sacrifice must be made to ensure a fine autumnal bloom ; therefore, leave only half the number of shoots to bring forth their summer flowers, the remainder shorten to about half their length. Each shortened branch will soon put forth buds ; and in August and September the plants will again be covered with flowers. In cul- tivating Perpetual Eoses, the faded flowers ought immediately to be removed; for in autumn the petals do not fall off readily but lose their colour and remain on the plant, to the injury of the forthcoming buds. Though I have recommended
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 127
Perpetual Roses to be grown on their own roots, in dry soils, yet, on account of the autumnal rains dashing the dirt upon their flowers when close to the ground, wherever it is possible to make grafted roses grow, they ought to be preferred ; for, on stems from one and a half to two feet in height, the flowers will not be soiled; they are also brought near to the eye, and the plant forms a neat and pretty object.
The Crimson, and, indeed, nearly all the Per- petuals, force admirably : for this purpose, it is better to graft or bud them on the Dog-Rose, as it is so easily excited. It requires, also, but small pot-room ; as, previous to potting, its roots may be pruned to within two inches of the stem, and apparently, with advantage ; for, if placed in gentle heat, an abundance of fibres are immediately put forth, and the whole plant will soon have an ap- pearance of great vigour. Those who wish for the luxury of forced roses, at a trifling cost, may have them by pursuing the following simple method : — Take a common garden frame, large or small, according to the number of roses wanted ; raise it on some posts, so that the bottom edge will be about three feet from the ground at the back of the frame, and two feet in front, sloping to the south. If it is two feet deep, this will give a depth of five feet under the lights^ at the back of the frame, which will admit roses on little stems as well as dwarfs. Grafted plants of any
128 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
of the Perpetual Eoses should be potted in October, in a rich compost of equal portions of rotten dung and loam, in pots about eight inches deep, and seven inches over, and plunged in the soil at bottom. The air in the frame may be heated by linings of hot dung ; but care must be taken that the dung is turned over two or three times before it is used, otherwise the rank and noxious steam will kill the young and tender shoots; but the hazard of this may be avoided, by building a wall of turf, three inches thick, from the ground to the bottom edge of the frame. This will admit the heat through it, and exclude the steam. The Perpetual Eoses, thus made to bloom early, are really beautiful. They may also be forced in any description of forcing-house with success, by plunging the pots in old tan, or any substance that will keep their roots cool. It will at once give an idea how desirable these roses are, when it is stated that, by retarding and forcing, they may be made to bloom for eight months in the year.
Perpetual Eoses do not bear seed in this country freely, but Louis Philippe may be planted with the common Bourbon, as may the Eosa Paestana ; they both bear seed abundantly, which would probably give some fine high-coloured varieties. Grande et Belle trained to a south wall, with Gloire de Eosomene, and Lodoiska with the Common Bourbon Eose, would possibly be the
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 129
parents of some large-flowering and splendid varieties.
An attempt to obtain a Mossy Crimson Per- petual might be made by planting Louis Philippe with the Single Crimson Moss. To roses, and many other gardening operations, the hacknied motto may justly be applied, " Nil desperandum."
HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSES.
This class has now become so rich in beautiful roses, that a separate notice must be devoted to them. In p. 39 is given the origin of Hybrid China Roses, which it is well known bloom but once in the season. Some of these hybrids or mules, unlike many plants of the same descrip- tion, bear seed freely. These fertile varieties have been crossed with different varieties of China and Bourbons. From seed thus produced we have gained anew race of autumnal roses, bearing abun- dance of flowers during the whole of the summer and autumn, and now called Hybrid Perpetuals. Certainly a more beautiful and interesting class of roses does not exist ; their flowers are large, very double, most fragrant, and produced till the end of October. Their habit is robust and vigorous in a remarkable degree ; and, above all, they are perfectly hardy, and will grow well in any climate in Great Britain, however far north ; but caution will be required in selecting varieties for cold and K
130 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
damp localities, as those only that open freely should be planted. Some few are fine roses in a dry southern climate, and also when forced ; but in a moist climate they will seldom or never open their flowers. I will mention a few that may be chosen without the least fear of disappointment. And first I must name the queen of this family, Madame Laffay; this, like the Crimson Perpetual, in its class, is at present unrivalled ; words cannot give the effect of this rose ; with its fine large foliage and rosy crimson flowers, it is perfectly beautiful, highly fragrant, and ought to be in every garden. We have a fine contrast in colour in the Duchess of Sutherland, which is a rose of equally luxuriant habits and fine foliage, with flowers of the most perfect shape ; colour, delicate rose. One defect this rose has which ought not to be concealed — it will not give autumnal flowers constantly, but often makes shoots without a terminal flower-bud. Aubernon is a beautiful brilliant crimson rose, opening freely, and blooming abundantly during the summer and autumn. Of the same prolific habit is Eivers, so named by M. Laffay, who frequently "dedicates" (to use his own expression) roses to his friends. This is a rose of first-rate quality; flowers red, something like Brennus, very large, and produced in clusters of great beauty, flowering profusely all the autumn. Mrs. Elliott is a beautiful free-flowering and free-open- ing rose, with flowers of light crimson, tinged
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 131
with lilac. Like some others in this class, barren shoots are often produced in the autumn. William Jesse is a large and superb rose, crimson, with lilac tinge. This is certainly one of the most beautiful very large roses that exists ; its flowers always open freely : like the preceding, every shoot does not give flowers, but with good culture it will bloom well in the autumn. Prudence Rasser is a hybrid noisette, blooming in large clusters, of exceeding beauty, and highly fragrant. As a standard, or as a pillar rose, this variety is peculiarly adapted ; its flowers, not full-sized, are of a pale rose, with fawn-coloured centre, and elegantly shaped; every shoot, whether in summer or autumn, seems to give its terminal cluster of flowers. Among those roses that open freely, none are more beautiful than Comte d'Eu ; it is, strictly speaking, a double dwarf Gloire de Roso- mene, from which it was raised. This is a brilliant- coloured and fine variety. Reine de Lyon is also a new and fine rose, with erect habit, and very double dark crimson flowers, of the same fragrance as the Provence Rose. Due d'Aumale is a new and very erect-growing variety, with brilliant crimson flowers of much beauty. To the above free-flowering and free-opening roses, may be added Louis Bonaparte, Comte de Paris, Julie Dupont, Lady Alice Peel, Dr. Marjolin, and Augustine Mouchelet. The following are varieties of first-rate excellence, but cannot be recommended K 2
132 THE AUTUMNAL KOSE GARDEN.
for moist climates ; in warm and dry exposures, their flowers will open freely. Clementine Seringe, with flowers large as those of Brown's Superb Blush, and with the same peculiar fragrance as the cabbage rose, is a most superb variety; its flowers are placed on stiff erect foot-stalks ; these are of a fine rosy blush : as a forcing rose, this is invaluable. Reine de la Guillotiere is a superb brilliant crimson rose, which, not having opened so freely as usual this wet season (1843), I should not recommend for moist climates : this is a con- stant autumnal bloomer, and a very fine rose. Prince Albert, in 1842, was splendid everywhere; but owing to the too abundant moisture of the past season, scarcely any of its flowers have opened. So much is this rose influenced by cli- mate, that when I, last autumn, visited France, the cultivators of roses would scarcely credit my assertion that it did not in general open well in England; they said it was impossible. When flowering in perfection, it is really beautiful, its flowers quite double, finely shaped, of a deep crimson purple, and remarkably fragrant: as a forcing rose, it is quite unrivalled.
In a recent visit to Paris (Sept. 30. 1843), I have had the pleasure of seeing a new rose of this family, "gained" by M. LaiFay from seed, and named La Reine ; one of the largest, most perfectly shaped, and, in short, the most beautiful in its range of colour, of any Hybrid Perpetual rose known. I
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 133
am inclined to judge, from its foliage and habit, that it has a near affinity to William Jesse. Its flowers are quite as large as, I think I may safely say larger than, those of that fine rose. They are most beautifully cupped, and quite double ; but not too much crowded with petals, so as to lead to any fears of their not opening freely in our climate. Their fragrance is remarkable, having much re- semblance to our old favourite the common Cabbage Provence Hose ; and in their brilliant rose-colour, slightly, very slightly, tinged with lilac, give a pleasing change, as many varieties in this class have dull and rather sombre-coloured flowers.
All the robust-growing varieties of this family form admirable standards, and are particularly well adapted for planting in rows by the sides of walks, giving them plenty of manure, and the necessary culture required by these roses — removing aportion of their bloom buds in June ; thus, if there are twelve clusters of bloom making their appearance, cut off five to within about six buds of the base of each shoot ; these will soon push forth, and give fine flowers in August. Constant care should be taken to remove in the same manner all the clusters of blooms as soon as they fade. Louis Buonaparte and a few others are very apt to make barren shoots without terminal flowers. As soon as this can be ascertained, cut all such shoots to within six or eight buds of their base ; they will then, in most cases, give fertile branches : in short K 3
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these roses require much summer pruning and attention to make them flower in great perfection in autumn. Madame LafFay, Prudence Rgeser, Fulgorie, Mrs. Elliott, and William Jesse, will, in rich soils, form very fine pillar roses, and be made to flower, with summer pruning, all the autumn.
THE BOURBON EOSE.
(ROSA BOURBONIANA.)
It is now, perhaps, about twelve years since a beautiful semi-double rose, with brilliant rose- coloured flowers, prominent buds, and nearly evergreen foliage, made its appearance in this country, under the name of the " L'He de Bour- bon Rose," said to have been imported from the Mauritius to France, in 1822, by M. Noisette. It attracted attention by its peculiar habit, but more particularly by its abundant autumnal flow- ering ; still such was the lukewarmness of Eng- lish rose amateurs, that no attempts were made to improve this pretty, imperfect rose by raising seedlings from it, though it bore seed in large quantities. This pleasing task has been left to our rose-loving neighbours the French, who have been very industrious, and, as a matter of course, have originated some very beautiful and striking varieties, and also, as usual in such cases, have given us rather too many distinct and fine-sound-
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ing names attached to flowers without distinctive characters. In a little time we shall be able to rectify this very common floricultural error. Many fables have been told by the French respecting the origin of this rose. The most generally re- ceived version of one of these is, that a French naval officer was requested by the widow of a Monsieur Edouard, residing in the island, to find, on his voyage to India, some rare rose, and that, on his return to L'lle de Bourbon, he brought with him this rose, which she planted on her husband's grave : it was then called Rose Edouard, and sent to France as " Rose de L'lle de Bour- bon." This is pretty enough, but entirely devoid of truth. Monsieur Breon, a French botanist, and now a seedsman in Paris, gives the following account, for the truth of which he vouches : — " At the Isle of Bourbon, the inhabitants gene- rally enclose their land with hedges made of two rows of roses, one row of the Common China Rose, the other of the Red Four-Seasons. Mon- sieur Perichon, a proprietor at Saint Benoist, in the Isle, in planting one of these hedges, found amongst his young plants one very different from the other in its shoots and foliage. This induced him to plant it in his garden. It flowered the following year ; and, as he anticipated, proved to be of quite a new race, and differing much from the above two roses, which, at the time, were the only sorts known in the island" Monsieur Breon K 4
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arrived at Bourbon in 1817, as botanical traveller for the government of France, and curator of the Botanical and Naturalization Garden there. He propagated this rose very largely ; and sent plants and seeds of it, in 1822, to Monsieur Jacques*, gardener at the Chateau de Neuilly, near Paris, who distributed them among the rose cultivators of France. M. Breon named it " Hose de L'lle de Bourbon ; " and is convinced that it is a hybrid from one of the above roses, and a native of the island. Owing to the original being a hybrid, the roses of this family vary much in their characters ; those that retain the leading features I have termed true Bourbons. I shall now notice and describe a few of the most striking and distinct varieties of this very charming group ; and begin with Armosa, quite a new variety, very double and perfect in the shape of its flowers, which are of a delicate rose-colour : the plant is of medium growth. Augustine Lelieur is a charming rose, a true Bourbon, so vivid and so beautiful that it cannot be too much recommended: its flowers are very erect and bell-shaped, and as fine in October as in June. Diaphane is a small high-coloured rose, almost scarlet. This is not a true Bourbon, but a very pretty rose, of dwarf growth, adapted for the front of a border. Dubourg is also a hy- brid Bourbon, of a different character to the last,
* Whence the name often given to the Common Bourbon Rose of" Bourbon Jacques."
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as it is very robust and makes long shoots, gene- rally terminated by a fine cluster of flowers : in rich soils this will make a fine pillar-rose. Due de Grammont is also a hybrid Bourbon, very dwarf in its habit, with flowers of fine shape, and very double, inclining to purple. Earl Grey is a genuine Bourbon Hose, with large and double flowers, of a fine rose-colour, and the plant of a compact though vigorous growth ; its flowers have a fault too common with these roses ; they do not open well. Faustine is now an old variety ; but a very pretty little rose, very dwarf in its habit, with flowers of that silvery pale blush, so peculiar to some varieties in this group.
Gloire de Eosomene is a hybrid of most re- markable habits. Its large foliage, luxuriant growth, and beautiful semi-double crimson flow- ers, make it one of the most desirable of this division ; but not for grouping, as it outgrows all its congeners. As a pillar rose it will form a splendid object; indeed, I cannot imagine any thing more imposing in floriculture than a pillar, from twelve to fifteen feet high, covered with the splendid flowers of this rose from June till Octo- ber : it will also form a fine standard. Gloire de Guerin, like the last, departs from the characters of the group ; but, like all that I have retained, it has the pleasing feature of autumnal flowering. This is a dwarf rose, adapted for the front of the rose border. Ida is also a beautiful rose, with much
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smaller flowers, perhaps of a still deeper carmine. The plant is dwarf, yet possesses all the characters of the true Bourbon Eoses in the prominency of its buds, and in its foliage. La Tendresse has flowers of a silvery-pale rose-colour, very double and large. Its habit is robust, hardy, and luxuriant, fit for the centre of the rose bed. Latifolia is a fine bold rose, much like Augustine Lelieur in its colour and habit : a good rose, but not required in a collection where that rose is grown. Madame Desprez : this fine and robust rose has never yet bloomed so beautifully in this country as during this autumn (1837) : its large clusters of very double flowers have indeed been superb. Monsieur Desprez, a distinguished French rose amateur, raised it from seed about five years since. It is, most probably, a little hybridised with the Noi- sette Eose, as it blooms in larger clusters than any other Bourbon Eose. Marshal Villars approaches to the China Eose in habit, which takes from it that compact growth peculiar to most of the true Bourbon Eoses : this has flowers of a bright purple tinge, very vivid and double.* Phillippart, if not the same as Augustine Lelieur, is too much like it to be grown in the same collection. Psyche is a very remarkable rose, a hybrid of humble
* The flowers of this rose seldom open well ; a distinguished rose amateur has expressively, but whimsically, named Bourbon roses of this character "hard-heads."
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growth, with double pale pink flowers, of the most perfect shape.
Queen of the Bourbons is a fine variety, and very beautiful. Its flowers are of a vivid rose- colour, a little tinged with buff, very large and double. Phoenix is nearly a true Bourbon Rose of a fine rosy red.
Rivers, so named by a French rose cultivator, who raised it from seed, is a pretty delicate rose, a true Bourbon ; and called by the originator an " extra fine rose:" it has not yet bloomed here well enough to support that character. Thimocles is a large and fine rose, very double, and a genuine Bourbon, of luxuriant growth, and distinct character. Victoire Argentee is one of those beautiful silvery-pale roses, with very double flowers, which often refuse to open freely. The White Bourbon, or Julie de Loynes, was raised from seed by Monsieur Desprez, who an- nually raises immense numbers of Bourbon and other roses from seed, to procure new varieties. This rose is a little hybridised with the Noisette, which has given it a clustered character, and, unfortunately, taken from its flowers that bold and peculiar shape, so beautiful in the Bourbon Roses. The French cultivators are at deadly strife respecting this rose ; some swearing, by all their saints, that it is a veritable Bourbon, while others as stoutly maintain that it is a Noisette Rose. An Englishman, after listening to such
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warm disputants (Frenchmen generally are), and to so "much ado about nothing," would coolly turn away and smile at such violent altercation, and their making a trifle " light as air " a matter of such grave importance. Walner is a true Bourbon Rose, dwarf, bright-coloured, and very distinct and pretty.
A few very remarkable additions have been made to this family since the publication of the first edition of this little work ; which, were it not for the endless variations in flowers in which we find pleasure, would seem to leave us nothing more to wish for in Bourbon Roses. Dark crimson va- rieties, with double and finely-shaped flowers, were desiderata, but are so no longer ; for in " Le Grand Capitaine," perhaps so named, in compliment to our " Great Captain," we have one of the most brilliant Crimson Scarlet Roses known; this seems a seedling from Gloire de Rosomene, as it has the same serrated foliage and habit. Splendens, or Crimson Madame Desprez and the Crimson Globe, seem to be all that can be wished for ; they are both of the most robust habits, they bloom constantly, and their flowers open freely ; these are of a rich purplish crimson, the latter is the deepest in colour. The first will probably form a fine pillar rose, and as a standard it equals in luxuriance of growth the most robust of our Bourbon Roses. Madame Nerard, as a pale rose-coloured variety, is most perfect in the shape of its flowers, and Desgaches, a fine rose-
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coloured variety, blooming in large clusters, is equally beautiful and quite first-rate. Pucelle Genoise also is a fine large and double rose, appa- rently a hybrid of the China Rose, as its foliage approaches it in resemblance. Bouquet de Flore, and Emile Courtier, are true Bourbons, and most perfect and beautiful varieties, with large and double flowers of a deep rose-colour.
Among the novelties in Bourbon Hoses, one of the most remarkable is Madame Lacharme, a rose raised at Lyons, and named after the wife of a rose cultivator there ; this may with justice be called White Madame Desprez; it produces its beautiful white flowers, the outer petals of which are slightly tinged with blush, in large clusters, and has the same robust habit as that above fine and well-known rose ; this will undoubtedly be a most popular variety ; in fine contrast to the above are two new dark crimson Bourbons, Proserpine, and Paul Joseph, these are both of robust and luxuriant growth, producing their flowers on erect foot-stalks; foliage large, thick, and of a deep glossy green, flowers of the most brilliant crimson, slightly shaded with purple ; the latter is possibly the darker of the two ; but it is really difficult to say which one would prefer. Cornice de Seine et Marne is also a new variety, with flowers of the most brilliant crimson, not quite so deep in colour as the before-mentioned, and not tinted with purple ; this is a most splendid rose. Enfant
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d'Ajaccio and Souvenir d'Anselnie are two new roses of precisely the habit of Gloire de Roso- mene, with flowers of the same colour, but quite double; these are both beautiful and very fragrant roses. A race of delicately pale flesh-coloured roses has sprung from Madame Nerard. Of these the most beautiful are Manteau de Jeanne d'Arc, almost white ; and Heine de Congres and Com- tesse de Resseguier, of the most delicate blush ; these are all elegant and beautiful roses.
In the preceding notices of sorts, I have pur- posely mentioned the habits of those that deviate a little from the characters of the generality; in forming a clump, it will therefore be seen which to place in the front, and which in the centre ; several varieties in the catalogue not noticed here are equal in beauty to those that are ; but as their habits have nothing particularly distinctive, I have, to avoid being tedious, not described them.
Bourbon Roses most certainly show themselves to greater advantage on stems from one to three feet in height, than in any other mode of culture ; if on their own roots, they are too near the ground, and the autumnal rains spoil their delicate blos- soms, by dashing the dirt upon them. They seem to grow well in all soils, but I should recommend, in spite of the above objection, those who have only a dry and poor sandy soil, to have plants on their roots, as the Dog-Rose will not flourish in such soils ; though cultivated roses in soils of the
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same description will grow most luxuriantly. Nature often seems to delight to puzzle us gar- deners with anomalies that cannot be fathomed, clever as we are in our generation.
These roses require but little pruning ; towards the end of March or beginning of April their shoots may be thinned, those that are killed by the winter removed, and long shoots shortened to within four or five buds.
I hope, in a few years, to see Bourbon Roses in every garden, for the " queen of flowers " boasts no members of her court more beautiful; their fragrance also is delicate and pleasing, more particularly in the autumn ; they ought to occupy a distinguished place in the autumnal rose garden, in clumps or beds, as standards, and as pillars, in any, and in all situations, they must and will please. To ensure a very late autumnal bloom, a collection of dwarf standards, i. e. stems one to two feet in height, should be potted in large pots, and during summer watered with manured water, and some manure kept on the surface; towards the end of September or the middle of October, if the weather is wet, they may be placed under glass : they will bloom in fine perfection even as late as November. I consider the culture of these roses only in its infancy ; we shall ulti- mately have the richest hues combined with per- fection of form, and the complete plenitude of their flowers.
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It is difficult to point out roses of this family that bear seed freely, except the Common Bour- bon ; but Acidalie, planted against a south wall, would probably give some seed. If any pollen can be found, it might be fertilised with the flowers of Julie de Loynes. A pure white and true Bourbon rose ought to be the object ; there- fore it should not be hybridised with any other species. Gloire de Rosomene may be planted against a south wall, with the Common Bourbon, with which it should be carefully fertilised : some interesting varieties may be expected from seed thus produced. Queen of the Bourbons, planted with the yellow China Rose, might possibly give some seeds ; but those would not produce true Bourbon roses, as the former is a hybrid, partaking of the qualities of the Tea-scented roses. Du- bourg, planted with La Tendresse, would give seed from which some very delicate Blush roses might be raised ; and Phoenix, fertilised with the Common Bourbon, would also probably produce seed worth attention.
THE CHINA ROSE. (ROSA INDICA.)
This rose is said by botanists to be a native of China, from whence it was introduced to our
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gardens in 1789. Its ever-blooming qualities have made it a favourite, from the cottage to the palace ; and perhaps no plants have contributed so much to enliven our cottage walls as the common China Rose (Rosa Indica), and the crimson China Rose, or Rosa semperflorens. These roses have been, and are, considered distinct species by botanists. Like all other cultivated roses, they sport much from seed ; but the descendants of each may ge- nerally be recognised by a close observer. The common and its varieties make strong green luxuriant shoots, with flowers varying in colour from pure white to crimson. The crimson also takes a wide range ; for though its original colour is crimson, yet I have reason to believe that the pure white, which was raised in Essex, came from its seed. In describing the varieties, those that are decidedly of the Semperflorens family I shall mark with S. after the name. I should most certainly have placed them in a separate division, were it not for the numerous intermediate va- rieties, in which it is impossible to decide to which species they lean.
Admiral Duperri, S., is a pretty, brilliant, crim- son rose, distinct and worth cultivating : Alba elegans, though not white, as its name implies, is a fine double rose of the palest flesh-colour, and a good distinct variety. Archduke Charles is a new rose, and very beautiful. Soon after expansion, the tips of most of its petals change to crimson, giving it
L
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a pretty variegated appearance. Belle Archinto and Bardon are both pale-coloured fine roses, very double and good, but resembling each other too much to be planted in the same bed. Beau Car- min, S., is a rich dark crimson-shaded rose, raised in the Luxembourg Gardens, and a fine and dis- tinct variety. Belle de Florence is a very double and finely-shaped pale carmine rose, very distinct and pretty. Belle Isidore, like a few others in this division, is a changeable rose : its flowers will open in the morning, and show only the colour of the common China Rose, but by the afternoon they will have changed to a dark crimson. Ca- mellia blanche is an old variety, with large glo- bular flowers of the purest white : this rose has a fine effect on a standard, as its flowers are gener- ally pendulous. Camellia rouge is also an old variety, not differing in colour from the common, but with stiff petals and very erect flowers, giving it a Camellia-like appearance. Cameleon, like Belle Isidore, is a changeable rose, and very pro- perly named : this has larger flowers than Isidore, though not quite so double, and a more robust habit, so that it forms a good standard. The two finest varieties of these mutable roses are Arch- duke Charles and Virginie ; during their change they are often variegated like a carnation, and are truly beautiful. Comtesse de Molore is a new rose, said to be fine and distinct, but it has not yet bloomed here in perfection. Cou-
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ronne des Pourpres is a dark crimson changeable rose ; to this colour the French give the name of " pourpre," or purple : this is apt to mislead, as our purple is, as I scarcely need say, so totally different. Cramoisie eblouissante, S., and Cra- moisie superieure, S., the last, the finest, and most double, are both brilliant and excellent varieties of Rosa semperflorens. Countess of Albemarle is now a rose tolerably well known ; this was a great favourite in France when first originated : it is a fine robust variety, very fragrant, and forms a good standard. Due de Bordeaux is now an old, but still a pretty and distinct rose, with that bluish-lilac tinge peculiar to a few va- rieties in this division. Duchess of Kent, S., is quite a gem ; so perfect is the shape of its very double and delicately coloured flowers, that it must and will become a favourite. Fabvier, S., approaches nearer to scarlet than any other China Rose ; its flowers are not quite double, but very brilliant and beautiful. Gardenia is a variety, approaching to the Tea-scented roses in its habit ; its flowers have also a peculiar fragrance : this is a distinct rose. Grandiflora is one of the most robust and finest of its class ; it a little resembles that well-known rose, Triompharite, orPseony Noisette, but has larger and more globular-shaped flowers : this is a fine and distinct variety, and forms a good standard. Henry the Fifth, S., is one of those vivid scarlet roses that in calm cloudy L 2
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weather are so beautiful; a hot sun very soon diminishes that excessive brilliancy of colour : this is a fine rose, with flowers very double and per- fect. Joseph Deschiens has rather small but very double and perfect flowers of a reddish crimson; this is a variety quite distinct, and worth cultivation. Louis Philippe d' Angers, S., is a good rose, which, having often been sent from France as " Louis Philippe," has given rise to several mistakes, as there is a Tea-scented rose of this name, quite different in character, for which this has been substituted. Madame Desprez and Madame Bureau are both fine white roses, yet distinct in their habit. Madame Desprez is one of the largest white China Roses we pos- sess. Marjolin is a fine dark crimson variety, likely to prove one of our most popular roses ; but it is proper to mention that there are two Marjo- lins : this trick of giving the same name to two roses raised by opposition cultivators is very pre- valent in France, and opens a door to deception ; the Marjolin described here is a fine and distinct rose, robust and hardy, and likely to form a good standard. Napoleon is a sterling good variety, with large bell-shaped flowers of a fine bright pink. Roi des Cramoisies, S., is a beautiful and bril- liant rose, with flowers very double and nearly scarlet. Rubens or Ruban pourpre is a new and splendid rose from the Luxembourg Gardens : this Is one of the finest shaded dark roses known.
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Romaine Desprez is a beautiful and very double and large rose, finely shaped, of robust habit, dis- tinct, and calculated to make a popular variety. Reine de Paestum approaches the Tea Rose in habit and scent ; its petals are too thin and flaccid to bear exposure to our summer and autumnal showers. Sulphurea superba is a fine and very double variety of the yellow Chinese or Tea Rose : its flowers are large, rather flat, and quite unique. Triomphe de Gand is a shaded rose of very robust growth, forming a fine standard. Triomphante, Paeony, Noisette, Indica superba, La Superbe, or Grande et Belle, for like all very good and old roses it has several names, is a fine and distinct variety, erect and robust in its growth, and forming a fine standard; an entire clump of this rose, with its large, shaded, crimson flowers, would have a fine effect.
New China Roses are raised with such facility in France that it is difficult to cultivate and describe all that are introduced. In list No. II. I have given the new and most desirable varieties, but to a few I ought to give a word or two of praise.
As a white China Rose, Clara Sylvain is quite unequalled ; it grows so freely, its flowers are so globular, and it gives them in such abundance, that it must be a favourite. Miellez is pretty from its erect clusters of flowers, something like Aimee Vibert Noisette ; but they are not double enough to compete with Clara Sylvain. Belle L 3
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Emile, Eugene Hardi, and Mrs. Bosanquet are all beautiful roses of their class ; their colours are all of the most delicate blush or flesh colour. Augustine Hersent, although not a new rose, is not enough known ; it is one of the very finest bright rose-coloured China Roses we possess, and of most hardy and luxuriant habits. Fenelon (Desprez) is a deep rose-coloured variety, with erect clusters of flowers, which are large and very double. Prince Charles and Eugene Beauharnais are two Luxembourg* roses of great excellence ; their flowers are large and globular, of a fine rosy red : the latter is the deeper in colour.
In cultivating China Roses but little care is required, as most of them are quite hardy; all those marked S., as varieties of Rosa semper- florens, are adapted for the front edges of beds or clumps, as they are of more humble growth than the varieties of the Common. It must also be recollected that the latter are those alone adapted for standards. The varieties of Rosa semperflorens, though they will exist for several years on the Dog Rose stock, yet do not form ornamental heads, but become stinted and diseased; on the contrary, the varieties of the China Rose, as standards, particularly on short stems two to three feet in height, form magnificent heads swelling and uniting with the stock, and giving a mass of bloom from June to November ; on tall stems I
* Raised in the Gardens of the Luxembourg by M, Hardy.
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have not found them flourish equally. About the end of March, not earlier, the branches of standards will require thinning out, and shorten- ing to about half their length ; in summer a con- stant removal of their faded flowers is necessary, and this is all the pruning they require.
Every well-appointed flower-garden ought to have a collection of China Eoses worked on short stems in large pots ; these, by surface manuring, and manured water, may be grown to a degree of perfection of which they have not yet been thought capable ; and by forcing in spring, and retarding in autumn by removing their bloom- buds in August, they will flower early and late, so that we may be reminded of that pleasant season " rose-tide " the greater portion of the year.
To succeed in making these roses bear and ripen their seed in this country, a warm dry soil and south wall is necessary ; or, if the plants are trained to a flued wall, success would be more certain. If variegated China Koses could be originated they would repay the care bestowed. This is not too much to hope for, and, perhaps, by planting Camellia Panache with Miellez, Cameleon with Camellia Blanc, and Etna with Napoleon, seeds will be procured from which shaded and striped flowers may reasonably be expected. Eugene Beauharnais with Fabvier would probably produce first-rate brilliant coloured flowers. Triomphante, by removing a few of the L 4
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small central petals just before their flowers are expanded, and fertilising them with pollen from Fabvier or Henry the Fifth, would give seed ; and, as the object ought to be in this family to have large flowers with brilliant colours and plants of hardy robust habits, no better union can be formed. China Roses, if blooming in an airy greenhouse, will often produce fine seed ; by fer- tilising their flowers it may probably be ensured. In addition, therefore, to those planted against a wall, some strong plants of the above varieties should be grown in pots in the greenhouse.
THE TEA-SCENTED CHINA ROSE. (ROSA INDICA ODORATA.)
The original Rosa odorata, or Blush Tea- scented Rose, has long been a favourite. This pretty variation of the China Rose was imported from China in 1810; from hence it was sent to France, where, in combination with the yellow China or Tea Rose, it has been the fruitful parent of all the splendid varieties we now possess. Mr. Parkes introduced the yellow variety from China in 1824; and even now, though so many fine varieties have been raised, but few surpass it in the size and beauty of its flowers, semi-double as they are ; it has but a very slight tea-like scent,
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 153
but its offspring have generally a delicious fra- grance, which I impute to their hybridisation with Rosa odorata. In France the yellow Tea Rose is exceedingly popular, and in the summer and autumn months hundreds of plants are sold in the flower markets of Paris, principally worked on little stems or C( mi-tiges." They are brought to mar- ket in pots, with their heads partially enveloped in coloured paper in such an elegant and effective mode, that it is scarcely possible to avoid being tempted to give two or three francs for such a pretty object. In the fine climate of Italy Tea-scented Roses bloom in great perfection during the autumn : our late autumnal months are often too moist and stormy for them, but in August they generally flower in England very beautifully. I was much impressed in the autumn of 1835 with the effects of climate on these roses ; for in a small enclosed garden at Versailles I saw, in September, hundreds of plants of yellow Tea Roses covered with ripe seeds and flowers. The French cultivators say that it very rarely pro- duces a variety worth notice. The culture of Tea-scented Roses is quite in its infancy in this country, but surely no class more deserves care and attention ; in calm weather, in early autumn, their large and fragrant flowers are quite unique, and add much to the variety and beauty of the autumnal rose garden. /
Among the most distinct varieties known to
154 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
be worth culture, for many new Tea-roses from France will not flourish in our climate, are the following : —
Aurore, an old but fine rose, a hybrid of the yellow China and Rosa odorata, and partaking of both, for its flowers are, when first open, of a delicate straw colour, soon changing to blush. Belle H61£ne is a pale variety of the original Tea Rose, with flowers larger and more double ; a distinct and good rose. Caroline, a pretty rose, with flowers very double, of a bright rose colour, and very perfect in their shape. Flon is a new and beautiful rose, a sort of fawn- coloured blush ; its flowers very large and fra- grant. Fragrans, one of our oldest varieties, is but a very slight remove from the crimson China, but it has acquired, by being hybridised, the pleasing perfume of this family. Goubault is a most excellent rose, as it is remarkably ro- bust and hardy, and will probably form a fine standard. Hardy, or Gloire de Hardy, is a most superb vivid rose of the largest size, of most luxuriant growth, and well calculated for a standard; this will bo one of our popular Tea Roses. Hamon is also a very fine rose, but rather too delicate for the open borders : this is a changeable variety ; sometimes its flowers are blush tinged with buff, and sometimes, when forced, they are of a deep crimson. Lyonnais is a very large pale flesh-coloured rose, hardy, and
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 155
worthy he attention of the amateur. Mansais is a rose in colour something like Noisette Jaune Desprez, but not constantly so; this is a fine rose, but I cannot yet pronounce whether it is hardy or otherwise.* Odoratissima is a very free- growing and pretty lilac rose, more than ordi- narily fragrant, and apparently very hardy. Pa- lavicini has been much admired and also much depreciated, owing to the different appearances it has taken under cultivation. On its own roots, and in a weak state, it is poor and insignificant, looking like a bad variety of the yellow China Hose ; but when budded on a strong branch of the Common China or the Blush Boursault, it will bloom in a splendid manner, so as to appear quite a different rose: a branch budded a few years ago, and blooming very finely on the wall of the council room at the Horticultural Society, at- tracted much attention. I believe it is of Italian origin, as many fine Tea-scented and China Roses are raised from seed annually in Italy, but not distributed. Princesse Marie is one of the finest roses in this group. I saw this variety blooming in Paris in June (1837), in greater perfection than any other Tea Rose : its flowers were from four to five inches in diameter. Pactolus is a yellow rose, of a pale sulphur, approaching to a bright yellow in the centre of the flower: this
* This proves to be as hardy as the most robust of the Tea Roses.
156 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
proves robust and hardy, and one of the best yellow Tea Roses known. Reve du bonheur is a singularly beautiful tinged rose, forming a fine large cup, but not very double. Silene is a robust and hardy variety, with large shaded red and blush flowers, very double : this will make a fine standard, and grow in any situation. Strombio is now an old rose, but no variety can be more de- serving of cultivation; when growing on a standard, its large and pendulous cream-coloured flowers are quite beautiful. Taglioni is a full sized, fine white rose, shaded with blush towards its centre, and a hardy and good variety. Triomphe du Luxembourg has made some noise in Paris; in the autumn of 1835 it was sold at thirty or forty francs per plant ; it does not bloom quite so fine in this country as in France, but under any cir- cumstances it is a fine and distinct variety : its colour is rose very peculiarly tinged with yel- lowish buff. The yellow Tea or yellow China Rose, for they are one and the same, is placed here, as it has decidedly more of the habit and appearance of the Tea-scented Rose than of the China: its smooth glossy leaves and faint odour of tea sufficiently show its affinity.
To these some new varieties of extraordinary beauty have been added, among which Elisa Sauvage, a fine straw-coloured rose, of rather a deeper tinge than the Yellow Tea, with flowers very large and double, richly deserves cultivation.
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 157
Princesse Helene of the Luxembourg is also a fine rose, of the same range of colour, with very large globular flowers. Duchesse de Mecklenbourg is of a more creamy yellow, and really a most beautiful rose. Lutescens Grandiflora is one of the largest of these yellow Tea Roses ; its flowers are cupped, very large, and of deep yellow towards the centre of the flower-cup.
Belle Allemande may be described as a creamy fawn-coloured rose. The blending of the colours in these roses is difficult to describe ; this is also a most magnificent rose, and apparently very hardy and robust. Anteros or Antherose is also a new rose of this range of colour, but often much paler than Belle Allemande, depending upon climate and situation ; it may generally be calculated that Tea Roses are less vivid in our moist climate than in France. Comte Osmond is a beautiful cream- coloured rose, very double and perfect in its flowers.
In rose-coloured varieties we have two or three very superb. Gigantesque, a Luxembourg Rose, is one of the largest Tea Roses we possess, and richly deserves its name. Bougere is a most sin- gular and beautiful rose ; its flowers are of a fine rose-colour, often slightly shaded with bronze, and of first-rate form and quality. Mareschal Vallee is also a rose-coloured Tea Rose, with flowers very large and double ; this is a new and first-rate variety.
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Some very beautiful roses of this class have been introduced since the publication of the second edition, among which Devoniensis takes a high rank. This is not yellow, as was at first supposed, but of a fine creamy white ; and, when cultivated highly, produces flowers of an immense size : for forcing, this is a most valuable rose, and highly fragrant. Comte de Paris is also a magnificent variety, with finely-cupped flowers of pale rose colour. This variety opens freely in any situa- tion, and is very hardy and robust. Josephine Malton, equally hardy and robust, is a rose of the first class, having large and elegantly-formed cupped flowers ; colour creamy white. Adam is one of the very largest roses in this family : its flowers are not so regularly shaped as the above ; colour rose, very fragrant, and showy. Moire, a fawn-coloured variety, shaded with cream and rose, has petals of remarkable substance, so that it withstands heat much better than most in this class : this is a first-rate and beautiful rose. Sa- frano, like the old yellow Tea Rose, is most beauti- ful in bud, and, when half expanded, its flowers are then of the brightest saffron ; but, when fully open and exposed to the sun, they soon fade to nearly white.
As these interesting roses require more care in their culture than any yet described, I will en- deavour to give the most explicit directions I am able, so as to insure at least a chance of success.
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 159
One most essential rule must be observed in all moist soils and situations; when grown on their own roots they must have a raised border in some warm and sheltered place. This may be made with flints or pieces of rock in the shape of a detached rock border, or a four-inch cemented brick wall, one foot or eighteen inches high, may be built on the southern front of a wall, thick hedge, or wooden fence, at a distance so as to allow the border to be two feet wide; the earth of this border must be removed to eighteen inches in depth, nine inches filled up with pieces of bricks, tiles, stones, or lime rubbish; on this place a layer of compost, half loam or garden mould, and half rotten dung well mixed, to which add some river or white pit-sand : this layer of mould ought to be a foot thick or more, so as to aUow for its settling: the plants may be planted about two feet apart. In severe frosty weather, in the dead of winter, (you need not begin till December,) protect them with green furze or whin branches, or any kind of light spray that will admit the air and yet keep off the violence of severe frost. I have found the branches of furze the best of all protectors. With this treatment they will seldom receive any injury from our severest winters, and they will bloom in great perfection all summer. This is the culture they require if grown as low dwarfs on their own roots ; but perhaps the most eligible mode for the amateur is to grow them
160 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
budded or grafted on low stems of the Dog Rose, or Blush Boursault, which seems, if possible, even a more congenial stock ; they may be then ar- ranged in the beds of any flower-garden, and graduated in height so as to form a bank of foliage and flowers. Grafted or budded plants when esta- blished will in general brave our severest winters ; but still it will be most prudent in November either to remove them to some warm shed, and lay their roots in damp mould, or to reduce their heads and give each plant an oiled paper cap.* This is a mode practised in the north of Italy with great success, to protect their tender roses and other plants ; and though paper caps may not be thought objects of ornament on an English lawn, yet the method will be found very eligible in many cases. In March those that have been laid on the shed for protection may be removed to the flower borders, pruning off all superfluous and dead shoots ; they will bloom the following sum- mer in great perfection, and in general surpass those that have been suffered to remain in the
" If these beautiful Roses are grown as standards they must have protection : the most simple method is to remove them in December, and lay their roots in the ground near a north wall or fence, their heads resting against the wall ; over these a mat should be nailed during frost. For forcing or blooming early in spring in the greenhouse they form beautiful plants, budded on neat steins about 1 ft. in height: these, if potted in November, give abundance of flowers in spring, of a larger size than when grown on their own roots." — Extract from Catalogue for 1843.
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 161
ground without protection. Some of the varieties are much more robust and vigorous than others, and equally beautiful as those of more delicate habits ; it will therefore be scarcely worth while to grow any but what are of known hardihood and vigour. I have pointed out some of these in my notices, but time can only make a knowledge of their habits more perfect. Worked plants of Tea- scented roses force very well: they do not require to be established one year in pots, for if only potted in October or November, and forced with a gentle heat in January and February, they will bloom finely ; in March and April the ex- treme beauty of their foliage and flowers will amply repay the attention given to them, as they have a peculiar softness and delicacy of appear- ance when forced and growing luxuriantly.
With attention, some very beautiful roses of this family may be originated from seed, but the plants must be trained against a south wall; if flued the better, in a warm dry soil, or grown in pots under glass : a warm greenhouse, or the forcing-house will be most proper for them, so that they bloom in May, as their heps are a long time ripening.
For yellow roses, Lutescens grandiflora and the Duchesse de Mecldenbourg may be planted with the Yellow Tea, which abounds in pollen; some fine roses, almost to a certainty, must be raised from seed produced by such fine unions : M
162 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
for the sake of curiosity a few flowers of the above might be fertilised with the Double Yellow Briar or Rosa Harrisonii. The Yellow Tea bears seed abundantly, but it has been found, from repeated experiments, that a good or even a mediocre rose is seldom or never produced from it ; but fertilised with the Yellow Briar, something original may be realised. Gigantesque and Tea Hardy, planted with Prince Esterhazy, would produce seed of fine quality, from which large and bright rose- coloured varieties might be expected. Archi- duchesse Therese and Duchesse de Gazes, planted with Bride of Abydos, would give pure white Tea Roses ; and Mansais with Dremont would pro- bably originate first-rate fawn-coloured roses ; but the central petals of Mansais should be carefully removed with tweezers or plyers, as its flowers are too double for it to be a certain seed-bearer. Belisaire, which is a hybrid, approaching very near to the China Rose, should be planted with William Wallace, as fine and large Crimson Tea roses are still wanting.
THE MINIATURE ROSE. (RosA LAWRENCEANA.)
In the botanical catalogues this curious little rose is said to have been introduced from China
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in 1810, and botanists have made it a species; but, like the Hose de Meaux and Pompon Roses, which are dwarf varieties of Rosa centifolia, this is undoubtedly nothing but a dwarf seminal variety of the common China Rose. Many plants that have been long under cultivation have a tendency to produce from seed these pigmy likenesses of themselves : among these little " faerie queens," Caprice des Dames is a pretty morsel of beauty with vivid rose-coloured flowers. Gloire des Law- renceanas is one of the prettiest of the tribe ; its flowers are of a dark crimson, and larger than those of any other variety. Jenny and Lillipu- tienne are both of them bright-coloured and pretty roses. Nigra has not black flowers, but they are of the darkest crimson, and very pretty. This was named by some florist, with that exag- geration peculiar to the craft ; this is not done by the florist wilfully to deceive, but is merely given as descriptive of what he wishes the flower to be, rather than of what it really is. Brugmansia san- guinea is a case in point ; and many other sangui- neas and coccineas might be mentioned, in which the colours of the flowers which bear those im- posing names approach to any thing rather than blood or scarlet. To return to Roses ; Pallida is the only variety in this division approaching to white. Its flowers, when they first open, are nearly of pure white, but they soon change to a pale flesh-colour: this is rather a delicate rose, M 2
164 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
seeming very impatient of cold and damp. Petite Laponne is a brilliant little rose, quite worthy a place in the group ; as is also Retour du Prin- temps, which is different from all the others ; its pretty little flowers being surrounded by a leafy calyx, and the whole plant tinged with a reddish colouring matter.
These roses are all very impatient of moisture, and in all moist soils require a very dry warm raised border. I have not yet had an opportunity of seeing them grow in dry soils, but I think it probable .that the light sandy soils of Surrey would suit them admirably. In cold situations it will be advisable to grow them constantly in pots, protecting them in a cold pit or frame till Janu- ary, and then, if required to bloom early, remove them to a warm situation in the greenhouse, or force them with the Tea-scented Eoses. A col- lection of these little rose-bushes, covered with their bright flowers in March and April, will be found one of the most eligible and unique orna- ments for the drawing-room.
THE NOISETTE ROSE.
The original of this remarkable group, the •Blush Noisette" Eose, was raised from seed in
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 165
America by Monsieur Philippe Noisette, and sent by him to his brother, Monsieur Louis Noi- sette, the well-known nurseryman at Paris, in the year 1817. Perhaps no new rose was ever so much admired as this. When first introduced, its habit was so peculiar, and so unlike any other known variety, that the Parisian amateurs were quite enraptured with it. It was produced from the seed of the old Musk Rose (Rosa moschata), the flowers of which had been fertilised with the common China Rose. The perfume of the Musk Rose is very apparent : its tendency to bloom in large clusters also shows its affinity to that old and very remarkable rose, but since its introduction to France so many seedlings have been raised from it, and so many of these are evidently hybrids of the Tea-scented and other roses, that some of the roses called " Noisettes " have almost lost the characters of the group ; for, in proportion as the size of the flowers have been increased by hybridising, their clustering tendency and the number of them in one corymb has been diminished. Among the varieties most deserving of notice is Aimee Vibert, or "Rosa nivea," a seedling from the Rosa sempervivens plena, which it resembles, but much surpasses its parent in the valuable quality of autumnal blooming. Nothing can be prettier than a large plant of Aimee Vibert Noisette, covered with its snow-white flowers, in September and October. Andreselle is a fine M 3
166 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
lilac rose, in colour like that old variety Noisette Bougainville, but much superior in the size and shape of its flowers. Ariel is a fine and vigorous- growing rose, blooming in immense corymbs ; its flowers are of the most delicate blush, tinged with buff: this is a distinct and pretty variety. Belle Violette is a genuine Noisette, and a very neat and pretty little rose : its flowers are of a rosy lilac, and very distinct and good. Belle Antonine is a pillar Noisette, of very robust habit, with flowers delicately-coloured and well-shaped. In designating some of these as pillar Noisettes, those varieties that are very vigorous growers, making long and flexible shoots, are intended. Boulogne is one of the few dark-coloured Noisettes, and when first its flowers open they are very beautiful, their colour being a dark crimson-purple. Beurre Frais is singular, but scarcely double enough ; its delicate butter-colour soon changes to white in the sun. Bouquet tout fait, a pillar Noisette, is a most vigorous grower, forming immense corymbs ; this may be taken for the original Noisette at first sight, but it is more fragrant, and its flowers buff towards their centre. Camellia Rose, but not the Camellia Rose of the French catalogues, is a pillar Noisette of first-rate excellence, with large and finely-shaped bright red flowers, and a most luxu- riant grower. Cadot is also a pillar Noisette, with large and very double flowers : a good and dis- tinct variety. Cerise is also a pillar Noisette
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 167
equal to either of the foregoing: its large and deep-coloured globular flowers, of a deep rosy purple, are beautiful at any time and in any situation. Charles X. is a pretty rose in very dry weather, but in moist weather its buds will not open, neither will it live long as a standard, never forming a proper union with the stock. Castalie is a variety, of a delicate flesh-colour, very distinct and pretty.
Clarisse Harlowe is a piUar rose of first-rate excellence ; its flowers are very large and double, and its growth excessively vigorous, so that it soon forms a large column. Fellenberg is a Noisette well deserving of praise, if only for its brilliant crimson. It is but a short time since a bright crimson Noisette did not exist : this rose, when grown luxuriantly, is a most charming plant. Grandiflora is a very old rose, but mentioned here that its synonymes may be given : as " Noisette Lee," "Blush Perpetual China," and "Triomphe des Noisettes." It has been extensively cultivated. Hardy is a pillar Noisette, quite worth cultiva- tion ; its large pale flowers have a deep rose and buif centre; its habit is so vigorous that it will shoot from six to eight feet in one season. Jaune Desprez, or the new French Yellow Noisette, is a well-known and much-esteemed rose : as a pillar or a standard it is equally beautiful ; its fragrance is also very remarkable. This was originated by M. Desprez about fifteen years since, and is still, M 4
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and will be for some time to come, a very popular rose. It is, most probably, a hybrid between the Yellow Tea and a Noisette rose of some kind : it sold for a high price in France, when first sent forth to the rose world, as its name was very tempting, for a yellow fragrant Noisette rose was thought to be worth any price. The name, like many other floral names, was, certainly, quite calculated to make an impression. Its rosy copper-coloured flowers are very singular, and so powerfully fragrant that one plant will perfume a large garden in the cool weather of autumn. A pillar of this rose, twelve or twenty feet high, would be a grand object on a well-kept lawn. Lamarque is another hybrid Noisette, approach- ing to the Tea-scented rose in the size and fra- grance of its flowers. This is a most vigorous grower, but not quite so hardy as Jaune Desprez. As a standard it is quite superb, for its large pale sulphur-coloured or nearly white flowers are pen- dant from their weight, and have a fine effect. It is rather impatient of cold, and will not bloom unless budded on some strong-growing rose : on its own root it is a weak grower, and scarcely like the same rose when grafted and grown vigorously. Lelieur is a pretty little dark purplish-crimson rose, and deservedly a favourite, as its colour is so vivid : the point of each petal is tipped with white. La Biche is a pillar Noisette, with very large pale flowers, inclining to fawn-colour in the
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 169
centre : a very fragrant, beautiful, and distinct rose.
Luxembourg is a fine variety, with large and very double flowers, of a bright purplish rose: this will probably prove a good climber, and if so, it will form a magnificent pillar. Madame Laffay was raised from seed by Monsieur Laffay, and sold at a high price; but its habit is so delicate, and its flowers so small, that it has not pleased the generality of amateurs. Nankin, or " Noisette a boutons Nankin," or " Noisette mu- tabilis," is a very distinct and pretty rose. In the morning, before the sun has much power, or in cloudy weather, its clusters of flowers are of a bright nankin-colour, changing to white a few hours after expansion. Princesse d' Orange is a pretty and fragrant white Noisette : its flowers are sometimes very curiously and irregularly shaped. The Ked Noisette, a very old variety, Was raised from seed by Mr. Wells, of Redleaf : it is a pretty bright semi-double rose, now eclipsed by new and fine varieties. Smith's Yellow is certainly more nearly allied to the Tea-scented roses than to the Noisettes, for of this family it has not a feature : if forced, this is a fine rose, but it is scarcely fit for the open air in this coun- try, as the moisture of the atmosphere glues its outer petals together so firmly that its flowers seldom or never open.
To Noisette Roses but few striking additions
170 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
have been made since 1837 ; but the following are pretty : indeed this term may be applied to all the Noisettes known. Miss Glegg is a white rose tinged with blush, of medium growth, worth cultivation. Ne plus ultra is a fine cream-coloured rose, which forces admirably, and is highly fragrant. Euphro- sine, a miniature likeness of Jaune Desprez, with the same peculiar fragrance, but less of fawn co- lour, and Vitellina, one of the same character, but inclined to cream colour, are both interesting va- rieties. Corymbosa is a remarkable rose, with pure white flowers ; its foliage is rough, dark green, and totally unlike that of any other rose. Zobeide is a very pretty variety, with flowers of a vivid rose colour. We have so many pale Noisettes, that this is a welcome addition. Due de Nemours is a new rose; this has lilac-rose flowers, which are very double and well-shaped. Victorieuse, like Lamarque and several others, is a hybrid Tea Rose of first-rate qualities, but not very hardy.
We have but few additions to this class; in fact there are only two worthy of especial notice ; these have been raised at Angers, from Noisette Lamarque, and no two roses have perhaps so well rewarded with their beauty the care of a culti- vator : the first in merit is Noisette Cloth of Gold, called in France Chromatella. One would sup- pose, to see this rose in bud, that it could not be a yellow rose, as the extreme outer petals are nearly of a cream colour, but when expanded it is one of
THE AUTUMNAL EOSE GARDEN. 171
the most brilliant and beautiful of yellow roses.> with petals thick and waxy, bearing exposure to the hottest sun without fading. In habit it is very robust, bearing in this respect much resemblance to Jaime Desprez ; its leaves are large, shining, and the whole plant, when in luxuriant growth, most beautiful. While rare, as at present, it would not be prudent to expose it during the winter in the open border ; a south wall will probably be the best situation for it, as it seems to delight in heat ; but when more abundant it may doubtless be planted out as a pillar rose, for which it is ad- mirably adapted, as it makes shoots four to six feet in length in one season : cultivated in this manner it will doubtless require protection. Noisette Sol- faterre is of the same parentage, with flowers not so globular as the preceding, but rather flat, like those of Jaune Desprez ; colour pale lemon, leaves more pointed and narrow, like those of its parent. This is a rose of much beauty, and of the same robust habit as N. Cloth of Gold ; with regard to treatment, it will be advisable, at present, to plant it against a south wall, till its capability of bear- ing our winters is tested.
Since the above was written a new crimson Noisette has for the first time bloomed. This is called Pourpre de Tyr. Its flowers, however, are not of Tyrian purple, but brilliant crimson, large, and very double. The habit of the plant is ex- ceedingly robust. Foliage large, dark green, and
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abundant. This is undoubtedly the finest crimson Noisette rose known.
The individuals of this group are so varied in character, that they may be employed as objects of ornament in a variety of ways. I will first give their culture as pillar roses, for which some of them are so finely adapted. Perhaps the most pic- turesque mode of growing pillar roses is to group them in clumps of three, five, seven, or nine, or to any extent in proportion to the size of the ground required to be ornamented. A group of rose pil- lars, on an artificial mound, has a very imposing effect, and in wet situations this will be found the most advantageous mode of growing them. The posts should be made of yellow deal, or larch, or oak, and charred as far as inserted in the ground; they should be from ten to fifteen feet in height, and stout, so that they can be firmly fixed in the ground ; each post ought to be, at least, from nine to twelve inches in circumference. For roses of more humble growth, iron stakes, from six to seven feet in height, will be found more light and elegant in appearance than those of wood, and of course more durable. It must be borne in mind, that pillar roses cannot have too much manure ; therefore, when they are planted, mix plenty with the soil they are planted in, and give them an annual surface dressing.
As standards, Noisette Hoses require but little culture; the principal care is to be prompt in
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cutting off the decayed and decaying clusters of flowers, during the blooming season; and, in March, to thin out their superfluous branches. All the pillar Noisettes form fine drooping standards : as dwarfs for beds, many of the va- rieties are very eligible, for they will grow and bloom luxuriantly in all soils and situations. To ensure their receiving no injury in very exposed situations, cut them down to within a foot of the surface of the soil in November, and place over each plant, or rather thatch it, with a thick covering of furze branches, to continue on till March. This will effectually protect them from the frost. This cover- ing, as elsewhere recommended, must be removed gradually, so that the young and tender shoots are not exposed to the cold air too suddenly. For ornamenting wire-fences these roses are also admirably adapted, as they can be trained with great facility, and they will form, in such situ- ations, a blooming boundary for at least four months in the year.
But few of the Noisette Roses will bear seed in this country ; the following, however, if planted against a south wall, and carefully fertilised, would probably produce some. The object here should be to obtain dark crimson varieties with large flowers, and for this purpose Fellenberg should be fertilised with Cerise or Boulogne, and again, Cerise with Fellenberg, Cerise may also be planted with the China Hose Fabvier, and Bou-
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logne with the same; if seed can be procured, fine deep-coloured and nearly genuine Noisette roses would be produced. It will be interesting also to try Noisette Nankin fertilised with the Yellow China; from this union yellow or buff- coloured Noisettes might possibly be originated, and these of course would be unique and of great interest. Beurre Frais with Duchesse de Meck- lenbourg would probably give straw-coloured varieties, and these would be large and fragrant, as in Lamarque and Jaune Desprez. In these directions for procuring seed from roses by fer- tilising, I have confined myself to such varieties as are almost sure to produce it ; but much must be left to the amateur, as many roses may be made fertile by removing their central petals, and, consequently, very many varieties that I have not noticed may be made productive.
THE MUSK ROSE.
(EOSA MOSCHATA.)
The White Musk Eose is one of the oldest inhabitants of our gardens, and probably more widely spread over the face of the earth than any other rose. It is generally supposed that the attar of roses is prepared in India from this species, and
THE AUTUMNAL KOSE GARDEN. 175
that this is also the rose of the Persian poets, in the fragrant groves of which they love to describe their " bulbul," or nightingale, as enchanting them with its tuneful notes. The probability that this is the famed rose of Persia is strengthened by the fact, that it is much more fragrant in the evening, or in the cool weather of autumn, than at any other time or season, and probably in the hot climate of Persia, only so in the coolness of night, when nightingales delight to sing. A recent traveller also remarks that the roses of Persia are remarkably small and fragrant. There are doubtless many seminal varieties of the species ; their flowers differing in colour, but pos- sessing the leading features of the original. Oli- vier, who travelled in the first six years of the French republic, mentions a rose tree at Ispahan, called the " Chinese Eose Tree," fifteen feet high, formed by the union of several stems, each four or five inches in diameter. Seeds from this tree were sent to Paris, and produced the com- mon Musk Rose. It seems therefore possible and probable, that this has been the parent of nearly all their garden roses ; for, like most orien- tals, their habits are not, and have not been, en- terprising enough to stimulate them to import roses from distant countries. Large and very old plants of the Musk Rose may sometimes be seen in the gardens of old English country houses. The Blush Musk, or Fraser's Musk, or Rosa
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Fraserii, is not quite a pure Musk Rose : but as it is the only rose of this division of the colour, and also very fragrant, it has been much planted: its flowers are semi-double, and produced in large clusters. Eponine is a pure white, and very double variety, one of the prettiest of the group. The fringed or toothed Musk Rose has the end of each petal indented : this is a vigorous-growing and very fragrant little rose. Princesse de Nassau is a very distinct and good variety, very fragrant, and blooming in large clusters ; the flower-buds, before they open, are nearly yellow, changing to cream colour as they expand. The Ranun- culus, or new White Musk, is merely an improved variety of the old or original Musk Rose, with flowers more double. Tea-scented is a hybrid, with large flowers of a pure white, and very pretty; this is apparently a seedling from the Musk Rose, fertilised with some variety of the Tea-scented Rose, as it has a most peculiar habit and perfume.
Moschata Nivea, or the " Snow Bush," and one or two other roses, from Nepaul, have the scent peculiar to this group; but as they bloom but once in the summer, and differ totally in some other respects from the true Rosa moschata, I have not included them. For the culture of the roses of this division, that recommended for Noisette roses, in beds and as standards, may be adopted, as their habits are very similar.
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THE MACARTNEY ROSE.
(ROSA BRACTEATA.)
The single Macartney Rose was brought from China, in 1795, by Lord Macartney, on his re- turn from his embassy to that country. It now forms the original of a pretty family ; but as it does not bear seed freely, even in France, fine varieties, as yet, are not abundant; its strictly evergreen and shining foliage is a beautiful feature ; and I hope ere long to see numerous varieties, with double flowers of the same brilliant hues as our other fine roses possess. Time will prove; but I think it is not too much to anticipate, that, ulti- mately, we shall not be satisfied unless all our roses, even the moss roses, have evergreen foliage, brilliant and fragrant flowers, and the habit of blooming from June till November. This seems to be an extravagant anticipation ; but perseverance in gardening will yet achieve wonders. The Double (the old variety) was the first double Macartney Rose raised from seed : it is mentioned here to cau- tion any one from planting it, as it is totally worth- less, its flowers constantly dropping off without opening. The Double Blush or Tea Victoire Mo- deste is so much hybridised with the Tea-scented rose, that it has lost many of the characters of
N
178 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GAKDEX.
the group : in dry situations this is a most beau- tiful rose, but in wet weather its flowers do not open well. Maria Leonida is now an established favourite : its fine bell-shaped flowers of the purest white, sometimes slightly tinged with pink to- wards their centre, and its bright red anthers peeping from among its central petals, give it an elegant and pleasing character. Rosa Hardii, or Rosa Berberifolia Hardii, is a most interesting rose, lately raised from seed by Monsieur Hardy, of the Luxembourg Gardens, from Rosa involu- crata, a variety of Rosa bracteata, fertilised with that unique rose, Rosa berberifolia, or the Single Yellow Persian rose. This curious hybrid, like its Persian parent, has single yellow flowers with a dark eye (much like Cistus formosus), and ever- green foliage; it seems quite hardy, and forms the very prettiest li ttle bush possible. It will pro- bably be the parent of an entirely new group ; and what can be imagined more interesting in roses than varieties with double yellow flowers and evergreen leaves.
Macartney Roses sometimes suffer when ex- posed to severe frost in the open borders of the flower-garden: they will therefore require the same protection as recommended for the Noisette roses in cold situations. Maria Leonida is a fine border rose, for, by pegging down its shoots as they are produced in summer, a few plants soon cover a bed, or clump, with a dense mass of
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 179
foliage and flowers, ornamenting the flower- garden from three to four months in summer and autumn : it also forms a very fine standard.
It requires the burning sun of Italy to make these roses produce their seed: yet, by perse- verance and careful cultivation, this desirable end may be obtained. To raise a double variety of Rosa Hardii is, at any rate, worth attempting. A flued wall must be used to train the plants to ; and in small gardens, where there is not such a convenience, a hollow wall might be built, about four or five feet in height and ten or twelve feet long, of two courses of four-inch brickwork, with a space between, into one end of which an Ar- nott's stove might be introduced, and a pipe carried in a straight line through to the opposite end (each end must of course be built up to keep in the hot air) ; this pipe would heat the air be- tween the two courses of brickwork sufficiently for the purpose. A fire should be kept every night from the middle of May to the middle of July ; and this treatment would possibly induce some of these roses to give their seed. Rosa Hardii would bloom freely if trained to a hot wall ; and, if fertilised with the Double Yellow Briar, seed may perhaps be obtained. Lucida, with the Yellow China Rose, will also be an ex- periment worth trying. Maria Leonida, fertilised with the Tuscany Rose, might also give some N 2
180 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
curious hybrids. This is all speculative ; but such speculations are, unlike many others, exceedingly innocent and interesting.
EOSA MICROPHYLLA. (THE SMALL-LEAVED HOSE.)
Rosa rnicrophylla rubra, from which we have derived all our varieties of this pretty family, was introduced from the East in 1823. It is nearly allied to the Macartney, and is most probably a Chinese hybrid of that rose. The original im- ported plant bearing double flowers makes it appear more probable that it is a mere garden variety. I have received seed from Italy of this rose, and find that plants from it, to use a florist's term, sport amazingly, no two appearing alike.
From Italian seed we have Alba odorata, a vigorous-growing variety, partaking as much of the Macartney Rose in its habit as of Rosa mi- crophylla ; in fact, it is a complete hybrid. This is a good evergreen rose, producing an abundance of pale sulphur, or rather cream-coloured flowers : they are sweet-scented, but do not in general open freely. Carnea, or Rosea, is a pretty and remark- able rose, forming a neat little bush, nearly ever- green ; its flowers are double, and of a beautifully
THE AUTUMNAL HOSE GARDEN. 181
cupped shape. Coccinea, as in one or two in- stances which I have noticed, is named with a florist's licence : it is not scarlet, but a very pretty double rose, of a deep reddish-rose colour, with the same neatly shaped flowers as the last: to these may be added Purpurea, Rubra variegata, and Violacea, three varieties quite new ; but, as they have not yet bloomed in this country, no opinion can be given of their merits.
With the exception of Alba odorata, these roses are not hardy enough to bear exposure in wet and cold soils : they will perhaps grow for a time, but seldom bloom well. A warm and dry elevated border will suit them admirably, protecting them with some spray, &c., as directed for Noisette roses : but to see these very curious roses bloom in perfection, bud them on short stems of the Dog Rose, and treat them exactly as recommended for the Tea-scented Roses ; they will then bloom freely, either in pots or in the flower-borders, and form delightful little plants, quite unique in their characters and appearance.
A few of these may be planted against a hot wall, as recommended for the Macartney Roses ; and, possibly, Purpurea, fertilised with a bright- coloured China Rose, as Fabvier, would give some curious varieties. The Single Microphylla, with Athelin or Henri Barbet, would perhaps give some original and beautiful hybrids. Coccinea might also be fertilised with the Tuscany. If N 3
182 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
any of these roses can be made to produce seed,
interest
result.
interesting and curious varieties must be the
PROPAGATION OF AUTUMNAL ROSES.
As with the Summer Roses, these may be propagated by layers, budding, grafting, and by cuttings; the latter mode is the only one re- quiring especial notice, as the other methods ap- plied to Summer Roses are of equal use in propa- gating these. All the families in this division are propagated with great facility by cuttings ; in fact, with China, Bourbon, and Tea Roses, it is the only eligible way of getting plants on their own roots. There are three seasons in which this operation may be performed with success, in spring, summer, and autumn.
For spring cuttings, it will be necessary to re- sort to the forcing-house in the month of March, when those roses that were commenced to be forced in January will be just shedding their first crop of flowers ; these blooming shoots will then be ripe and, as a general rule, fit for immediate propagation, either for cuttings or buds. It must be borne in mind, that no shoots are mature till their blooming is past. The cuttings may be made with three joints or buds, from the lower end of which the leaf should be cut, leaving the others untouched ; the cutting must then be in-
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 183
serted about one inch into a very small pot of light mould, or peat and sand, equal parts : with rare sorts two buds will do, or even one ; in the latter case, the bud must have the leaf attached, and a small portion of wood below the bud ; it must be inserted in the pot so that the bud is slightly covered with the mould. The pots should then be plunged in sawdust or old tan, into a gentle hot-bed, and kept perfectly close, sprinkled with tepid water every morning, and shaded from the sun. In about a fortnight they will have taken root, but they must not be removed from this close frame till they have made a shoot from one to two inches in length. They are then safe, and may be removed into another frame, still with gentle heat, and have air every day to harden them. In a week they will be fit to pot into larger pots, and they may then be removed into the greenhouse or cold frame as convenient, till re- quired for planting out in the borders in April and May : the pots used for the above purpose are very small, 2^ inches deep and 1^ inch over at the top; if more convenient, three or five cut- tings may be placed round the side of a larger sized pot, 3^ inches deep by 3 inches over. This method saves some trouble, but the plants are apt to be checked when potted off; pots of the latter size must be filled one third with broken pieces of pots, on which the base of the cuttings should rest ; the small pots require no drainage. N 4
184 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
For summer cuttings in June and July, ripe shoots may be taken as above directed, planted in pots, and placed in a cold frame, kept close, and sprinkled every morning. These will root slowly, but surely; for autumnal cuttings any convenient and spare shoots may be made into cuttings, and planted under a hand-glass in a warm exposure, about the middle or end of September : these must have air in mild humid weather during the winter, and be gradually exposed to the air in April by tilting the light : by the end of April they will be fit for potting. All the autumnal roses will grow readily if the above methods are followed. The Damask Perpetuals only are slow in rooting, and are propagated with more difficulty.
BUDDING ROSES IN POTS.
The Blush Boursault makes the best stock for budding on ; it strikes readily from cuttings planted in the autumn. My practice in budding on the Boursault is as follows : — The strongest shoots are selected early in July for layering; flower -pots of the size 48 are taken, and the aperture at the bottom is enlarged, so as to allow the end of the shoot to be passed through. After doing this the shoot is tongued; the pot is drawn up till the tongue is about in the centre; it is then filled with a mixture of rotten dung and
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 185
sand in equal parts, and well pressed down. The shoot may be budded at the time of layering or afterwards, accordingly as the buds are ready. The shoots should be headed down at the time of budding to within two eyes of where the bud is inserted.* The buds of all the Bourbon, Tea- scented, China, and Hybrid Autumnal Roses, will push immediately. These may be removed from the stools in August, potted into larger pots, and forced with great success the following spring.
DIRECTIONS FOR FORCING ROSES.
Very few years ago forced roses were one of the luxuries of gardening, and the matter was looked upon as a difficult operation, in which ac- complished gardeners only were successful ; but with modern varieties the difficulty has vanished, and every one may have roses, at least in Feb- ruary, with the most simple means.
A pit 10 or 12 feet long and 8 feet wide, just high enough to stand upright in, with a door at one end, and a sunken path in the centre, a raised bed on each side of the path, and an 18-inch Arnott's stove at the further end, opposite to the door, with a pipe leading into a small brick chim-
* This heading down at the time of budding, although com- monly practised, cannot generally be recommended. If applied to the Dog Rose when budded early in June, small heads will at once be formed, but the constitution of the plant will be much weakened.
186 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
ney outside (a chimney is indispensable), will give great abundance of forced roses from February to the end of May. To ensure this a supply must be kept ready ; so that, say twenty, may be placed in the forcing- pit about the middle of De- cember, a like number in the middle of January, and the same about the middle of February ; they must not be pruned till taken into the house, when each shoot should be cut back to two or three buds or eyes, the latter for the strong shoots. The fire should be lighted at seven in the morning, and suffered to burn out about the same hour in the evening, unless in frosty wea- ther, when it must be kept burning till late at night, so as to exclude the frost ; and for this purpose double mats should be placed on the lights. The thermometer should not, by fire heat, be higher in the day than 70° during December, January, and February ; at night it may sink to 35° without injury. The temporary rise in a sunny day is of no consequence, but no air must be admitted at such times, or the plants will exhaust themselves, and immediately shed their leaves. When the sun begins to have power, and in sunny weather towards the end of February, the plants may be syringed every morning about 10 o'clock with tepid water, and smoked with tobacco at night on the least appearance of the aphis or green-fly.
To ensure a fine and full crop of flowers, the
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 187
plants should be established one year in pots, and plunged in tan or sawdust in an open exposed place, so that their shoots are well ripened : the pots must be often removed, or what is better, place the pots on slates to prevent their roots striking into the ground ; but with the Hybrid and Damask Per- petuals, even if only potted in November previous, a very good crop of flowers may often be obtained, and a second crop better than the first; for the great advantage of forcing perpetual roses is, that after blooming in the greenhouse or drawing-room, their young shoots may be cut down to within two or three buds of their base, and the plants placed again in the forcing-house, and a second crop of flowers obtained. The same mode may be followed also with the Bourbon, China, and Tea-scented Roses ; with the latter, indeed, a third crop may be often obtained.
Towards the end of March, when the second crop of flowers is coming on, the plants may be gradually inured to the air, by opening the sashes in mild weather. This will make them hardy and robust. Syringing should be practised every morning and evening ; but when the flower buds are ready to open this must be confined to the stems of the plants and the pots, otherwise the flowers will be injured by the moisture ; air must at first only be given about 12 in the day; care must be taken to remove the plants from the forcing- house to the green-house or drawing-room before
188 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
their blossoms expand ; they may then be kept in beauty many days. I have not found the check which the plants receive by this sudden change of temperature at all detrimental. During their second growth the plants should be watered once a week with manured water*, and the surface of the pot occasionally stirred. Those that are forced with the greatest facility are worked roses: these seldom or never fail to give an abundant crop of flowers ; stems from 6 inches to 1 J and 2 feet are equally eligible ; the latter form elegant plants, and I think generally grow with greater luxu- riance than dwarfs. China and Tea-scented Roses on their own roots are more delicate, and require more care ; still one crop of flowers may always be depended upon, even from them. Instead of forcing them for a second crop, it will be better to place them in the greenhouse; they will then bloom again finely in May. I find, from ex- perience, that all the autumnal roses may be forced every year without any disadvantage : to ensure their well doing, they must be removed from the forcing-house early in June, the surface of the pots dressed with rotten manure, and plunged in the same, or leaves, or any light sub- stance. Towards the end of September they should be carefully shifted, removing nearly all the earth
* Two pounds of guano to ten gallons of water forms the very best species of liquid manure : this should be stirred before it is used.
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. ]89
from their roots, into a compost of light loam and rotten dung, equal quantities (this is, on the whole, the very best compost for potted roses), watered, and again plunged till required for forcing : this shifting would be better performed in June, but, as the weather is then often hot and dry, roses worked on the Dog Rose are apt to suffer. Pots of the sizes called near London 24's and 16's* are the best sizes for strong plants of roses for forcing : when potted, the large and un- yielding roots should be cut off close, so that the plants may stand in the centre of the pots, the fibrous and small roots merely tipped.
The treatment recommended for roses in a pit with Arnott's stove may be pursued with roses in a house with smoke-flues or hot-water pipes. Ar- nott's stove is recommended as an economical and eligible mode of heating, practised here to some extent with success for several years: on these stoves an iron pan, fitted to the top, should always be kept full of water. Koses may be forced slowly, but with perhaps greater certainty, by the uninitiated, by giving air freely and constantly in mild weather during the day, keeping the fire constantly burning during the same period as recommended when keeping them closely shut up.
* The respective sizes of these pots are, 24's, 7j inches deep, and 8 inches over, measuring across the top of the pot ; 1 6's, 8^ inches deep, 9 inches in diameter.
190 THE AUTUMNAL KOSE GARDEN.
CULTIVATION OF ROSES IN POTS FOR THE GREENHOUSE.
For this purpose a selection should be made of some of the finer varieties of China and Tea- scented Hoses on their own roots ; it may also include such Bourbons as the Queen, Acidalie, Crimson Globe, Grand Capitaine, Madame Ne- rard, Madame Margat, Proserpine and Phoenix, and Noisette's Miss Glegg, Lelieur, Ne Plus Ultra, and Victorieuse. These are all of dwarfish and compact habit, and free bloomers. Presuming these roses to be procured in the spring or sum- mer, in the usual small pots they are generally grown in by the cultivators for sale, they should be immediately potted into pots called 32's, (these are generally 7 inches deep, by 6 over at the surface,) in a compost of turfy sandy loam and well-rotted manure, equal quantities, or leaf-mould ; if the latter is used two thirds to one third of loam will be as well; this com- post must not be sifted, but merely chopped into pieces as large as a walnut : the fine mould, which will, as a matter of course, result from this chopping, must not be separated from the pieces of turf, but all must be well mixed with the manure or leaf-mould. The pots should then be filled about one third with broken pieces of crockery or potsherds, the plants taken from the small pots, and the balls of earth gently pressed so as to loosen them ; place each plant in the cen-
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 191
tre of the large pot ; press the earth well round them ; give a soaking of water, and plunge them in the sawdust or tan in some sunny exposed place where they may have all the sun our fickle climate will give them. They may remain here till early in October, when they should be removed into the greenhouse, but a fortnight before taking them into their winter quarters, lift every pot, and place it on the surface of the bed in which they have been plunged : their roots then become hardened, and bear the dry warm air of the greenhouse without injury: they should at this time also be pruned into any handsome de- sirable shape, (a compact bush is perhaps the pret- tiest,) or, if tall plants are required, the long shoots may be fastened to a neat painted stick. Roses thus treated will come into bloom in the green- house in April, and continue one of its brightest ornaments till the beginning of June ; they should then be repotted into larger pots if large plants are wished for, and again plunged in the open air till the autumn : care must be taken to place the pots on slates, to prevent their roots getting through the bottoms of the pots. If compact and pretty little plants are required the same pots may be used, merely reducing the roots, so that the pot will hold a small quantity of compost for the plant to feed upon. A most excellent compost for potted roses may be made as follows : — Pare some turf from a loamy pasture ; the parings must not
192 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
be more than one inch in thickness ; bake them in an oven about twelve hours when the temperature is equal to that just after it has been used for baking bread ; they must not be burned * : this, chopped as before directed, with equal parts of rotten manure, forms one of the very finest of com- posts. The plants must be looked to carefully in spring, and whenever infested by the aphis, or green-fly, tobacco-smoke must be applied : extra- ordinary luxuriance of growth may be given by watering them once a week with guano-water.
A season may be saved in the growth of these roses if plants in larger pots than those they are usually sold in are purchased: if these are pro- cured in the autumn or winter, they may be placed in the greenhouse at once with a cer- tainty of succeeding.
CULTURE OF HAEDY ROSES IN POTS FOR EXHIBITION.
The most elegant pot roses for exhibition may be selected from those families recommended for greenhouse culture ; but as it is now the fashion for Horticultural Societies to offer prizes for f( roses in pots," it becomes my duty to offer a few obser- vations on growing hardy varieties of roses in
* I have used, with much success, turf roasted on a sheet of iron (placed in temporary brickwork) under which a moderate fire has been kept : about one hour's roasting is sufficient. This chars the turfy side, and acts most beneficially.
THE AUTUMNAL EOSE GAEDEN. 193
pots, so as to form very large plants. I must here caution the reader, that occasional disap- pointment must be expected in growing them in pots for exhibition, as roses, like facts, are stub- born things, and will often, in summer, bloom just whenever it pleases them to do so, not being easily retarded or forced : now, as days of exhibition are usually fixed before it is known whether we are to have an early or a late season, it is frequently a complete lottery whether any particular plants of roses will be in bloom or not. I have sometimes known on days fixed for the exhibition at Chis- wick, that I have looked over fifty plants of one sort before I could find three or four perfect flowers. Those roses recommended for green- house culture, from their producing a succession of bloom, must be most relied upon by the exhi- bitor; but if by a lucky chance a collection of moss roses, or some of the finer kinds of French and Hybrid Bourbon roses, could be enticed to show themselves in all their gay attire on the day, they would make the greenhouse roses " hide their diminished heads."
To form a collection of hardy roses in pots, the very best should be selected from the following fa- milies : Moss, Provence, Hybrid Provence, French, Damask Roses alba, Perpetual, and Hybrid Perpe- tual. Some good lists have been given in the Gardener's Chronicle ; but these contain too many varieties with flaccid petals, which will not bear o
194 THE AUTUMNAL HOSE GARDEN.
removal when in bloom. Now for hardy pot roses, except Moss Roses, in which the choice is limited, only those with very double flowers, and stiff, waxy petals, should be selected. The following will not disappoint the amateur. I ought here to mention, that it is better to pot two, or three, or four of any one good sort, rather than have a greater variety of second-rate roses.
Name. Family.
Cristata Provence.
Curled Provence.
Eeine de Provence Provence.
Superb striped Unique Provence.
Antonine d'Ormois French.
Aurelie Lamare French.
Boula de Nanteuil French.
Cicero French.
Grandissima French.
Guerin's Gift French.
Kean French.
Nelly French.
CEillet parfait French.
Superb marbled French.
Blanchefleur hybrid Provence.
Emerance hybrid Provence.
La Volupte hybrid Provence.
Theodora hybrid Provence.
Blush moss.
Celina moss.
De Metz moss.
French Crimson moss.
Lancel moss.
Malvina moss.
Unique moss.
White Bath moss.
Chenedole hybrid China.
Flora M'lvor hybrid China.
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 195
Name. Family.
Hypocrate* hybrid China.
Lady Stuart hybrid China.
Lord Keith hybrid China.
Pompone carmin hybrid China.
Belle de St. Cyr hybrid Bourbon.
Charles Duval hybrid Bourbon.
Coupe d'Hebe hybrid Bourbon.
Elise Mercoeur hybrid Bourbon.
Great Western hybrid Bourbon.
Hortense Leroy hybrid Bourbon.
Sylvain hybrid Bourbon.
Felicite alba.
La Seduisante alba.
Queen of Denmark alba.
Sophie de Marsilly alba.
La Ville de Bruxelles damask.
Penelope damask.
Semiramis damask.
Volumineuse damask.
Double-margined Hip hybrid briar.
Persian yellow Austrian briar.
Antinous' damask perpetual
Crimson damask perpetual
Royal damask perpetual
Requien damask perpetual
Aubernon hybrid perpetual.
Clementine Seringe hybrid perpetual.
Dr. Marjolin hybrid perpetual.
Duchess of Sutherland hybrid perpetual.
Fulgorie hybrid perpetual.
La Reine hybrid perpetual.
Madame Laffay hybrid perpetual.
Rivers hybrid perpetual.
William Jesse hybrid perpetual.
The above are all of first-rate quality; their
* The Hypocrate of many catalogues is a Hybrid Bourbon, a very inferior rose to the above.
o 2
196 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
flowers are very double, and their petals thick, and not liable to fade quickly. About the end of October worked plants should be selected on very straight stems, not more than from six to eight inches in height. Care must be taken that their roots are so formed that each plant may be placed in the centre of the pot: unless this is strictly attended to, they will make but a poor appearance, as might be seen in some of those exhibited at the horticultural shows in the season of 1842. If any of the large roots interfere with the position of the plant in the pot, they may be much shortened, merely tipping the small roots and fibres.
Stems from six to eight inches may be taken generally as the most eligible height ; but, to form plants for the back row, varieties of the following families may be on stems one foot to eighteen inches ; they will increase the effect ; viz. Hybrid China, Hybrid Bourbon, and Hybrid Perpetuals. Many of these will form, when in full bloom, fine pendulous heads. When plants of the above de- scription have been selected, they may be potted in a compost of nice turfy loam and rotten dung, equal parts ; the loam should, if possible, be more rich and adhesive than that recommended for the plants under greenhouse culture; the pots used should be sixteens, and, if some of the plants are very strong, even a size larger, called twelves, may be used ; these should then be plunged, in the open air on the surface of the soil, in sawdust,
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 197
rotten leaves, or old tan, which should be four inches deep on the surface of the mould in the pots, care being taken to place the bottom of each pot on a slate, for reasons before given. I recom- mend the pots to be placed on the surface, rather than to be plunged in the soil, as they then receive the full influence of the sun to their roots. Towards the end of February each plant must be pruned to within six or eight buds of the base of the strong shoots, and to within two or three buds of those that are more weak : it will be as well, however, if the plants have very long shoots, to shorten these one third at the time of potting, as this prevents their being racked by the high winds of November, as before stated in this work. Autumnal pruning will tend to give an earlier bloom ; therefore, one half of the plants may be finally pruned when potted, if this is the object sought for ; the remainder in March, or even late as April ; indeed, this will give the exhibitor a chance of having some plants ready on the im- portant day. In May, if the weather is hot and dry, the plants, although plunged and apparently moist, will require water daily ; and once a week a regular soaking with guano water will ensure a most vigorous growth, and defy all attacks of the aphis or any other little pest, the grub excepted, which must be carefully sought for in all those young leaves on the flower stems which appear glued together.
O 3
198 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
The plants will require shifting annually; in general, pots of the same size will do, shaking all the mould clean from their roots, and giving them a fresh and rich compost. The middle or end of October is the best period for this annual shifting. I have before said it is most difficult to retard or force into bloom roses grown in pots in the open air ; however, removal into the greenhouse for a week or ten days, to force them if required, may be tried, to retard them; the method employed by the courtier, in the days of Elizabeth, to save his cherries for his queen, may be essayed, viz. stretch a piece of canvas on hoops over the plants, and keep it constantly wet, by sprinkling it with water.
I wish success to all those who intend to ex- hibit roses in pots, but must again caution them not to be soured by one or two disappointments, as the sun will shine and hasten, and clouds will come and retard, and possibly blight the hope of being able to exhibit twelve or twenty roses on some appointed day.
PLANTING.
With the exception of the Perpetual Eoses, which, in planting, can have the same treatment as recommended for the hard-wooded roses of the Summer Eose Garden, the transplanting of all
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 199
the Autumnal Eoses ought, in cold and wet situ- ations, to be deferred till Spring ; and the begin- ning of April will, in ordinary seasons, be found the most eligible time for this operation. A few exceptions may be made; as Madame Desprez, Dubourg, Splendens, Triomphe de Planteur, Bou- quet de Flore, and some others, among the Bour- bon Roses, are so hardy that our most severe winters do not injure them ; but the varieties of Noisette, Chinese, Tea-scented, Microphylla, and Macart- ney Roses, are very apt to receive injury from the frosts of winter, and the cutting winds of March, if the plants are not well established.
0 4
200
LIST No. 1. AN ABRIDGED LIST OF KOSES,
Adapted for Amateurs possessing small Gardens, or for those beginning to .form a Collection ; selected so as to give the leading Variations of Colour.
Provence Roses.
Crested.
Duchesne.
Dutch.
Grande Agathe.
Heine de Provence.
Triomphe d' Abbeville.
Unique.
Unique striped.
Wellington.
Moss Roses. Blush. Celina. Crimson. Eclatante. French Crimson. Pompone. Prolific.
Eouge du Luxembourg. White Bath.
Hybrid Provence Roses.
Duchesse d'Angouleme.
Emerance.
Enchantresse.
La Yille de Londres.
LTngenue.
Theodora.
Hybrid China Roses.
Blairii, No. 2.
Beauty of Billiard.
Brennus.
Chenedole.
Comtesse de Lacepede.
Coupe d' Amour.
Decandolle.
Duke of Devonshire.
Fulgens.
George the Fourth.
Kleber.
Lady Stuart.
Le Meteore.
Ne plus ultra.
Triomphe d' Angers.
Triomphe de Laqueue.
Hybrid Bourbon Roses.
Charles Duval. Colonel Combes. Coupe d'Hebe. Great Western. Paul Perras. Sylvain.
French Roses.
Aglae Adanson. Antonine d'Ormois.
ABRIDGED LIST OF ROSES.
201
Boula de Nanteuil.
Cambronne.
Cyntie.
Due de Trevise.
Fanny Parissot.
Gil Bias.
Grandissima.
Kean.
Latour d'Auvergne.
Madame Dubarry.
Oracle du Siecle.
Pharericus.
Renoncule ponctue.
Village Maid.
Rosa Alba.
Due de Luxembourg.
Felicite.
La Seduisante.
Madame Campan.
Princess de Lambelle.
Queen of Denmark.
Sophie de Marsilly.
Damask Roses. Carmin Royal. Deesse Flore. Lady Fitzgerald. La Ville de Bruxelles. Madame Hardy. Painted. Penelope. Pulcherie. Semiramis.
Scotch Roses. Erebus.
Guy Mannering. La Neige.
Lady Baillie. Queen of May. True Yellow. William the Fourth. Venus.
Sweet Briars. Celestial. Manning's. Rose Angle. Splendid. Scarlet.
Austrian Briars. Copper.
Double Yellow. Harrisoni. Persian Yellow.
Hybrid Perpetual Roses. Aubernon. Clementine Duval. Comte de Paris. Fulgorie. Madame LafFay. Prudence Rseser. Rivers. William Jesse.
Ayrshire Roses. Ayrshire Queen. Blush.
Dundee Rambler. Jessica. Ruga. Splendens.
Rosa Multiflora. Crivellii. Elegans. Hybrida.
202
ABRIDGED LIST OF ROSES.
|
Evergreen Roses. |
Augustine Lelieur. |
|
Adelaide d' Orleans. |
Bouquet de Flore. |
|
Brunonii. |
Emile Courtier. |
|
Donna Maria. |
Madame Desprez. |
|
Felicite perpetue. Myrianthes. Odorata, or Triomphe de Bollwyller. Princesse Louise. |
Madame Margat. Madame Nerard. Phoenix. Queen. Splendens. |
|
Boursault Roses. |
China Roses. |
|
Blush. |
Archduke Charles. |
|
Crimson. |
Clara Sylvain. |
|
Gracilis. |
Cramoisie superieure. |
|
Inermis. |
Duchess of Kent. |
|
Eugene Beauharnais. |
|
|
Banksian Roses. |
Eugene Hardy. |
|
Fabvier. |
|
|
White. |
Grandiflora. |
|
Yellow. |
Henry the Fifth. |
|
Hybrid Climbing Roses. |
Madame Desprez. Madame Breon. |
|
Indica Major. |
Marjolin. |
|
Madame d'Arblay. The Garland. |
Mrs. Bosanquet. Napoleon. |
|
Rosa elegans. |
|
|
Perpetual Roses. |
Tea-scented Roses. Barbot. |
|
Bernard. Crimson. |
Bougere. Caroline. |
|
Flon. |
Comte de Paris. |
|
Grand. Josephine Antoinette. Royal. |
Devoniensis. Elisa Sauvage. Goubault. |
|
Stanwell. |
Hardy. |
|
Pactolus. |
|
|
Bourbon Roses. |
Princesse Marie. |
|
Acidalie. |
Silene. |
|
Armosa. |
Taglioni. |
ABRIDGED LIST OF ROSES.
203
Triomphe duLuxembourg. Yellow.
Miniature Roses.
Caprice des Dames.
Gloire des Lawrences.
Nigra.
Pallida.
Retour du Printemps.
Noisette Roses. Aimee Vibert. Boulogne. Camellia Rose. Cerise.
Clarisse Harlowe. Euphrosyne. Fellemberg. Hardy.
Jaune Desprez. Lamarque.
Luxembourg.
Miss Grlegg.
Nankin.
Ne plus ultra.
Victorieuse.
Musk Roses.
Eponine. Fringed. Princesse de Nassau.
Macartney Roses.
Double Blush. Maria Leonida. Hardii.
Rosa Microphylla.
Carnea.
Coccinea.
Purpurea.
204
LIST No. 2.
AN ALPHABETICAL LIST of Show or Prize Roses, all of which have large and very double flowers. Readers are referred to the catalogues for 1843-44, in which the colours of the flowers are given, and the prices of plants.
Name. Family.
Aspasie French.
Anarelle French.
Aurelie Lamare French.
Agnodice French.
Aglae Adanson French.
Attila alba.
Antinous perpetual.
Antonine d'Ormois French.
Acidalie Bourbon.
Archduke Charles China.
Blush Moss moss.
Boula de Nanteuil French.
Bizarre marbree French.
Blanche fleur hybrid Provence.
Belle Marie hybrid China.
Beaute vive hybrid China.
Brennus hybrid China.
Becquet hybrid China.
Belle Clementine alba.
Bachelier damask.
Belle d'Auteuil damask.
Bougere tea.
Belle de St. Cyr hybrid Bourbon.
Bouvet damask.
Curled Provence Provence.
Crested Provence.
Cyntie French.
LIST OF SHOW OR PRIZE ROSES. 205
Name. Family.
Crivalis French.
Cyrus French.
Charles Duval hybrid Bourbon.
Coutard hybrid China.
Corinne alba.
Carmin Royal damask.
Crimson perpetual perpetual.
Crimson Globe Bourbon.
Clara Silvain China.
Cramoisie superieure China.
Caroline tea.
Cambronne French.
Celina moss.
Charles Fouquier hybrid China.
Chateaubriand damask.
Chenedole hybrid China.
Clementine Seringe hybrid perpetual.
Columella French.
Comte de Paris tea.
Coupe d'Hebe hybrid Bourbon.
Dutch Provence Provence.
Due d'Angouleme Provence.
Duchess of Buccleugh French.
Due de Trevise French.
Duchesse d'Angouleme hybrid Provence.
Duchesse d' Orleans hybrid Provence.
Duke of Devonshire hybrid China.
Decandolle hybrid China.
Due de Luxembourg alba.
Devoniensis tea.
Double-margined Hip hybr. sweet briar.
Dr. Marjolin hybrid perpetual.
Duchesse d' Abrantes French.
Duchess of Sutherland hybrid perpetual.
Duke of Cambridge damask.
Evelina Provence.
Eclat des Roses .. French.
206 LIST OF SHOW OK PRIZE ROSES.
Name. Family.
Eclatante French.
Edouard Delair hybrid Bourbon.
Enchanteresse hybrid Provence.
Emile Courtier Bourbon.
Eugene Beauharnais China.
Elisa Sauvage tea.
Emerance hybrid Provence.
French Crimson moss.
Fanny Parissot French.
Franklin French.
Fleur d'Amour French.
Felicite alba.
Ferox damask.
Fulgorie hybrid perpetual.
Flon perpetual.
Grandissima French.
Grande Agathe Provence.
Great Western hybrid Bourbon.
General Foy French.
Guerin's Gift French.
George the Fourth hybrid China.
General Allard hybrid China.
General Dausmenil hybrid China.
Gil Bias French.
Goubault tea.
Heureuse surprise French.
Hortense Leroy hybrid Bourbon.
Hypocrate hybrid China.
Ulustre beaute Provence.
Julie French.
Josephine Beauharnais alba.
Jeanne d'Urfe hybrid Provence.
Kean French.
LIST OF SHOW OR PRIZE ROSES. 207 Name. Family.
King of Rome French.
King of Holland Provence.
Laura hybrid Provence.
La Ville de Gand French.
Lee French.
L'lnfante French.
Leon the Tenth French.
La Nationale French.
L'Ingenue hybrid Provence.
L' Admiration hybrid Provence.
La Volupte hybrid Provence.
Lady Stuart hybrid China.
Lusseldembourg hybrid Bourbon.
La Grandeur hybrid China.
La Seduisante alba.
La Ville de Bruxelles damask.
Lady Fitzgerald damask.
Lamarque noisette.
La Cherie damask.
Lady Alice Peel hybrid perpetual.
Latour d' Auvergne French.
La Ville de Londres hybrid Provence.
Letitia French.
Matthieu Mole French.
Madame Dubarry French.
Melanie hybrid Provence.
Madame Campan alba.
Madame Hardy damask.
Madame Feburier damask.
Madame Nerard Bourbon.
Madame Aude Bourbon.
Madame Huet hybrid Provence.
Madame Laffay hybrid perpetual.
Madame Rameau French.
Malvina moss.
Marie de Medici s tea.
208 LIST OF SHOW OR PRIZE ROSES.
Name. Family.
Modeste Guerin French.
Moire tea.
Mrs. Bosanquet China.
Nelly French.
Nero hybrid Provence.
New Double Globe hybrid Provence.
Old White moss.
Orpheline de Juillet French.
Oracle du Siecle French.
Paul Joseph Bourbon.
Paul Perras hybrid Bourbon.
Penelope damask.
Prolifere moss.
Princess Victoria French.
Porcelaine Eoyale French.
Pulchra marmorea French.
Petit Pierre hybrid China.
Princesse de Lamballe alba.
Princesse Marie tea.
Proserpine Bourbon.
Queen of Denmark alba.
Eeine de Provence Provence.
Eien ne me surpasse French.
Eeine des Beiges hybrid Provence .
Eeine de Lyon hybrid perpetual.
Eosine Dupont hybrid China.
Eichelieu hybrid China.
Eichelieu (Du val) hybrid Bourbon .
Eivers hybrid perpetual.
Eequien perpetual.
Eose Devigne hybrid Provence.
Eoyal perpetual.
Eubens . China.
LIST OF SHOW OR PRIZE ROSES. 209
Name. Family.
Schonbrunn French.
Semilasso hybrid Provence.
Semiramis damask.
Shakspere French.
Spotted Provence.
Sir Walter Scott French.
Superb marbled French.
Sophie de Mar silly alba.
Splendens Bourbon.
Sylvain Provence.
Sylvain hybrid Bourbon.
Theodora hybrid Provence.
Triomphe du Luxembourg ... tea.
Triomphe d' Angers hybrid China.
Triomphe de Jaussens French.
Triomphe de Laqueue hybrid China.
Triomphante China.
Unifl ore marbree French.
Victor Hugo hybrid China.
Velours Episcopal hybrid China.
Vandael hybrid China.
Volumineuse damask.
Wellington French.
White Bath moss.
William Jesse hybrid perpetual.
Woodpigeon (Rivers) French.
THE END.
LONDON :
Printed by A. SPOTTISWOODB, New-Street-Square.
BOTANICAL WOEKS
PRINTED FOR
LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, AND LONGMANS.
1.
A SCRIPTURE HERBAL. With upwards of 120 Wood Engravings. By Lady CALLCOTT. Square crown 8vo. II. 5s. cloth.
2.
THE BRITISH FLORA, in 2 vols. Vol. I., comprising Phaenogamous or Flowering Plants, and the Ferns. By Sir WILLIAM JACKSON HOOKER, K.H., LL.D., F»R.A. and L. S. &c. &c. &c. Fifth Edition, with Additions and Cor- rections ; and 1 73 Figures illustrative of the Umbelliferous Plants, the Composite Plants, the Grasses, and the Ferns. 8vo., with 12 Plates, 14s. plain ; with the plates coloured, 24s. cloth.
Vol. II., in Two Parts, comprising the Cryptogamia and Fungi, completing the British Flora, and forming Vol. 5. Parts 1 and 2, of " Smith's English Flora," 24s. boards.
3.
THE ENGLISH FLORA. By Sir JAMES EDWARD SMITH, M.D., F.R.S., late President of the Linnaean Society, &c. 6 vols. 8vo. 31. 1 2s. boards.
Contents : — Vols. I. to. IV. the Flowering Plants and the
Ferns, 21. 8s. Vol. V. Part 1. 12s. — Cryptogamia; comprising the Mosses,
Hepaticae, Lichens, Characeae, and Algae. By Sir W. J.
HOOKER. Vol. V. Part 2. 12s. — The Fungi; completing the work, by
Sir W. J. HOOKER, and the Rev. M. J. BERKELEY,
F.L.S. &c.
4.
AN INTRODUCTION to the STUDY of BOTANY. By Sir J. E. SMITH, late President of the Linnaaan Society. 7th Edition, corrected; in which the object of Smith's " Grammar of Botany " is combined with that of the " In- troduction." By Sir WILLIAM JACKSON HOOKER, K.H., LL.D., &c. 8vo. 36 Steel Plates, 16s. cloth; with the Plates coloured, 21. 12s. 6d. cloth.
5.
INTRODUCTION to BOTANY. By Prof. J. LINDLEY, Ph.D., F.R.S., L.S., &c. 3d Edition, with Corrections and considerable Additions, 8vo. with Six Plates and nu- merous Woodcuts, 18s. cloth.
Botanical Works printed for Longman and Co.
A NATURAL SYSTEM of BOTANY; or, a Systematic View of the Organization, Natural Affinities, and Geogra- phical Distribution of the whole Vegetable Kingdom ; together with the uses of the most important species in Medicine, the Arts, and Rural or Domestic Economy. By JOHN LINDLEY, Ph.D., F.R. S., L.S., &c. 2d Edition, with numerous additions and corrections, and a complete List of Genera, with their synonyms. 8vo. 18s. cloth.
7.
THE PRINCIPLES of DESCRIPTIVE and PHYSIO- LOGICAL BOTANY. By .T. S. HENSLOW, M.A , F.L.S. &c. Fcp. 8vo. with Vignette Title, and nearly 70 Woodcuts, 65. cloth.
8.
AN ENCYCLOPAEDIA of GARDENING; presenting, in one systematic view, the History and Present State of Gar- dening in all Countries, and its Theory and Practice in Great Britain: with the Management of the Kitchen- Garden, the Flower- Garden, Laying-out Grounds, &c. By J. C. LOUDON, F.L.S. &c. A New Edition, enlarged and much improved, 8vo. with nearly 1000 Engravings on Wood, 50s. cloth.
9.
THE THEORY of HORTICULTURE; or, an Attempt to explain the Principal Operations of Gardening upon Phy- siological Principles. By JOHN LINDLEY, Ph.D., F.R.S. 8vo Illustrations on Wood. 12s. cloth.
10.
AN ENCYCLOPEDIA of PLANTS; including all the Plants which are now found in, or have been introduced into, Great Britain ; giving their Natural History, accompanied by such descriptions, engraved figures, and elementary de- tails, as may enable a beginner, who is a mere English reader, to discover the name of every Plant which he may find in flower, and acquire all the information respecting it which is useful and interesting. The Specific Characters by an Eminent Botanist ; the Drawings by J. D. C. Sowerby, F.L.S. A New Edition, with a New Supplement, com- prising every desirable particular respecting all the Plants originated in, or introduced into, Britain between the first publication of the work, in 1829, and January 1840 : with a new General Index to the whole work. Edited by J. C. LOUDON, prepared by W. H. Baxter, Jun., and revised by George Don, F. L. S. ; and 800 new Figures of Plants on Wood, from Drawings, by J. D. C. Sowerby, F.L.S. 8vo. with nearly 10,000 Wood Engravings, 3Z. 13s. 6d. The New Supplement, separately, 15s. cloth.
October 2, 1843.
A CATALOGUE OF
NEW WOKKS AND NEW EDITIONS
PRINTED FOR
LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, AND LONGMANS, LONDON.
ANALYTICAL INDEX.
AGRICULTURE AND RURAL
AFFAIRS. pages
Bayldon on Valuing Rents, etc. - - 5 ,, the Valuation of Property for
Poor's Rate 5
Crorker's Land Surveying ... 9
Davy's Agricultural Chemistry - - 9
Johnson's Farmer's Encyclopaedia - - 15
Loudon's Encyclopaedia of Agriculture - 18 Low's Breedsofthe Domesticated Animals
of Great Britain - 18
,, Elements of Agriculture - - 19
ARTS, MANUFACTURES, AND ARCHITECTURE.
Brande's Dictionary of Science, Litera- ture, and Art ------ 7
Gwilt's Encyclopaedia of Architecture - 12
Loudon's Encyclopaedia of Cottage, Farm, and Villa Architecture and Furniture - 18
Porter's Manufacture of Silk - 24
,, Porcelain & Glass 24
Savage's Dictionary of Printing - - 26
Ure's Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines ------ 31
Wathen's Arts, etc. of Ancient Egypt - 31
BIOGRAPHY.
Aikin's Life of Addison - 5
Bell's Lives of the most Eminent British
Poets «
Biographical Dictionary of the Societ
the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge ' Dover's Life of the King of Prussia - - 10 Dunham's Lives of the Early Writers of
Great Britain - - - 10
,, Lives of the British Dramatists 10
Forster's Statesmen of the Commonwealth
of England 11
Gleig's Lives of the most Eminent British
Military Commanders - - - - 11
Harford's Life of Dr. Burgess - 12
Jackson's Life of Wellington . 14
James's Life of the Black Prince - - 15
,, Lives of the most Eminent Foreign
Statesmen 15
y for
Pages
Maunders Biographical Treasury - Roscoe's Lives of Eminent British I
yers '^
Russell's Correspondence of the Duke of
Bedford 6
Shelley's Lives of the most Eminent Lite- rary Men of Italy, Spain, and
Portugal- - - - - 26 „ Lives of the most Eminent
French Writers - 26
Smith's Memoirs of the Marquis DePombal 27
Southey's Lives of the British Admirals - 25
Tate's Horatius Restitutus • - 29
BOOKS OF GENERAL UTILITY.
Donovan's Domestic Economy - - 10
General Catalogue ----- 32
Hand-Book of Taste- - 12
Hints on Ktiquette - - 12
Hudson's Parent's Hand-Book - - 14
„ Executor's Guide - 14
On Making Wills - 14
Lorimer's Letters to a Young Master
Mariner 17
Manual for Mechanics' Institutions - 19
Maunders Treasury of Knowledge - - 21
,, Scientific and Literary Treasury 21
„ Treasury of History - - 21
,, Biographical Treasury - - 21
Riddle's Diamond Latin-English Dictionary 25
Short Whist ------ 26
Thomson's Domestic Management of the
Sick Room 29
Tomlin's Law Dictionary - ... 30 Waltzing, Reform your - - - -31
BOTANY AND GARDENING-
Callcott's Scripture Herbal ... 8
Conversations on Botany - - - - 8
Drummond's First Steps to Botany - - 10 Glendinniug On the Culture ot the Pine
- 11
- 11
- 12
Appl-
Grigor's Eastern Arboretum - Henslow's Botany - Hoare On Cultivation of the Gri
on Open Walls
London: Printed by Manning and Mason, Ivy-lane, St. Paul's.
ANALYTICAL INDEX
Pages
Hooker's British Flora - 13
„ Compendium of English Flora - 13
„ Ditto iu Latin - 13
,, Icones Plantarum - - 13 „ and Taylor's MuscologiaBritan-
nica • « • - - 13
Jackson's Pictorial Flora - - - - 14
Knapp's Gramina Britannica - 16
Lindley's Theory of Horticulture - - 17
,, Outlines of the First Principles
of Horticulture - - 17 9, Guide to the Orchard and Kitchen
Garden 17
„ Introduction to Botany - -17 „ Natural System of Botany - 17 Flora Medica - - 17 „ School Botany .... 17 „ Synopsis of British Flora - - 17 London's Hortus Britannicus - - .18 „ ,, Lignosus Londinensis - 18 „ Encyclopaedia of Trees & Shrubs 17 ., ,, Gardening - 17 „ „ Plants - - 18 „ „ Agriculture - 18 .. Suburban Garden and Villa Com- panion - 18 ,, Cemeteries and Churchyards - 18 Repton's Landscape Gardening and Land- scape Architecture - - - - 25 Rivers's Rose Amateur's Guide - - 25 Roberts on the Vine .... 25 Rogers's Vegetable Cultivator - - 25 Smith's Introduction to Botany • - 27 „ English Flora - 27
CHRONOLOGY.
Blair's Chronological Tables ... 6
Nicolas's Chronology of History - - 23
Riddle's Ecclesiastical Chronology - - 25
Tate's Horatius Restitutus - - 29
Wathen's Chronology of Ancient Egypt - 31
COMMERCE AND MERCANTILE AFFAIRS
Lorimer's Letters to a Young Master
Mariner ___--- 17
M'Culloch's Dictionary of Commerce and
Commercial Navigation - 21
Steel's Shipmaster's Assistant - - 28
GEOGRAPHY AND ATLASES.
Butler's Sketch of Ancient and Modern
Geography .... 7
„ Atlas of Modern Geography - 7
,, „ Ancient Geography - 7
Hall's New General Atlas - 12
M'Culloch's Dictionary, Geographical,
Statistical, and Historical - 21
Malte-Brun's Geography - - - 19
Murray's Encyclopaedia of Geography - 23
Walker's British Atlas - - - - 31
HISTORY.
Addison's History of the Knights Templars 5
Bell's History of Russia - 6
Bloomfield's Translation of Thucydides - 6 Cooley's History of Maritime and Inland
Discovery ...... g
Crowe's History of France - - 9
Dunham's History of Spain and Portugal 10
,, History of Europe during the
Middle Ages- - - - 10
„ History of the German Empire 10 „ History of Denmark, Sweden,
and Norway - -10
„ History of Poland - 10
Pages
Fergus's History of United States of America ------ 10
Grattan's History of Netherlands . Halsted's Life of Richard HI. Keightley's Outlines of History „ History of England
,, Elementary do.
„ History of Greece
,, Elementary do.
,, History of Rome - »
,, Elementary do. - - 15
„ History of the Roman Empire 15
,, Questions on the above His-
tories, separate - 15
Laing's Kings of Norway - 16
M'Culloch's Dictionary, Historical, Geo- graphical, and Statistical - . 21 Mackintosh's History of England - - 19 Maunder %s Treasury of History - - 21 Moore's History of Ireland - - - 22
Rome, History of 26
Russell's Correspondence of the Duke of
Bedford - 6
Scott's History of Scotland - - - 26 Sismoudi's History of the Fall of the
Roman Empire - - - 27 „ History of the Italian Re-
publics - 27
Stebbing's History of the Christian Church 28 „ History of the Reformation - 28 Switzerland, History of - - - -29 Thirl wall's History of Greece - - 29
Turner's History of England - - - 30
JUVENILE BOOKS,
Including Mrs. Marcet's Works.
Boy's (the) Country Book - - 14
„ Own Book .... 7
Ladies' (the Young) Book - 32
Marcet's Conversations—
On the History of England - - 19
On Chemistry 19
On Natural Philosophy - - 19
On Political Economy - - - 20
On Vegetable Physiology - 20
For Children 20
Marcet's the Game of Grammar - - 20 ,, Mary's Grammar - - 20 I9 John Hopkins' Notions of Poli- tical Economy - - 20 „ Willy's Holidays ... 20 " „ Stories for Young Chil- dren ... 20 ,, The Seasons .... 20
Marryat's Masterman Ready - - - 20
MEDICINE.
Bull's Hints to Mothers -
„ Management of Children Copland's Dictionary of Medicine Elliotson's Human Physiology Frankum on Enlarged Abdomen Holland's Medical Notes - Macleod On Rheumatism Pereira On Food and Diet Recce's Medical Guide -
MISCELLANEOUS.
Bosworth's Anglo-Saxon Dictionary Bray's Philosophy of Necessity Cavendish's Debates Clavers's Forest Life ...
De Morgan On Probabilities - Dendy's Philosophy of Mystery Duhrmg's Art of Living - Good's Book of Nature -
TO CATALOGUE OF NEW WORKS.
Pag
Graham's English - - - • ,, Helps to English Grammar
Guest's Mabinogion -
Hand-Book of Taste - ...
Holland's Progressive Education
Hewitt's Rural Life of England
„ Visits to Remarkable Places ,, Student-Life of Germany - ,, Rural and Domestic Life of Ger
„ Colonisation and Christianity - 14 Jeffrey's (Lord) Contributions to the
Edinburgh Review - 15
Life of a Travelling Physician - - 16
Macaulay's Critical and Historical Essays 19
Marryat's Monsieur Violet -
Milne on the Valuation of Annuities and
Assurance on Lives, etc. - - - 22 Morgan on Assurances, Annuities, and
Reversions ...... 22
Peter Plymley's Letters - 27
Seaward's Narrative of Shipwreck - - 26
Smith's (Rev. Sydney) Works - - 27
Taylor's Statesman ..... 29
NATURAL HISTORY IN GENERAL.
Callow's Popular Conchology 8
Gray's Figures of Molluscous Animals - 11
„ Genera of Birds - - - - 11
Kirby and Speiice's Entomology - - 16
Reeve's Conchologia Systematica - - 24
Stephens's British Coleoptera - 28
Swainson on the Study of Natural History 28
,, Animals - - - - 28
„ Quadrupeds - - - 28
„ Birds ..... 28
,, Animals in Menageries - 28
Fish, Amphibians, & Reptiles 28
Insects - 29 29
,, Malacology -
Habits and Instincts of Ani- mals -
Taxidermy
Turton's Shells of the British Islands , - Waterton's Essays on Natural Hislory - Westwood's Classification of Insects
NOVELS AND WORKS OF FICTION.
Blessingtou's (Lady) Meredith
Doctor (the;
Howitt's (Mary) Home
21
Neighbours - 13
„ ,, President's Daughters - 13
Ingemann's King Eric and the Outlaws - 14
James's Eva St. Clair .... 14
„ Novels 14
Marryat's Masterman Ready ... 20
Rambles of the Emperor Ching Tih . 8
ONE VOLUME ENCYCLOP/EDIAS AND DICTIONARIES.
Elaine's Encyclopaedia of Rural Sports - 6 Brande's Dictionary of Science, Litera- ture, and Art 7
Copland's Dictionary of Medicine - - 9
Gwilt's Encyclopaedia of Architecture - 12
Johnson's Farmer's Encyclopaedia - 15 Loudon's Encyclopaedia of Trees and
Shrubs .... 17
,, Encyclopaedia of Gardening . 17
„ Encyclopaedia of Agriculture - 18
„ Encyclopaedia of Plants - - 18
, Rural Architecture - * 18 M'Culloch's Dictionary, Geographical,
Statistical, and Historical 21 „ Dictionary, Practical,Theo-
relical, etc. of Commerce 21
Murray's Encyclopaedia of Geography - 32
Savage's Dictionary of Printing Ure's Dictionary of Arts, Manufai
POETRY AND THE DRAMA.
Aikin's (Dr.) British Poets - - 26
Baillie's New Dramas - • - - 5
,, Plays of the Passions - 5
Bowdler's Family Shakspeare - - 26
Chalenor's Walter Gray - 8
„ Poetical Remains - 8
L.E.L's. Poetical Works - - - 16
Lighter Hours 16
Macaulay's Lays of Ancient Rome - - 19
Milton's L'Alleero and II Penseroso - 22
Montgomery's Poetical Works - - 22 Moore's Poetical Works - - - -22
„ „ „ One Vol. - - 22
, Lalla Rookh, medium 8vo. - 22
„ foolscap 8vo. - 22
„ Irish Melodies - 22
„ „ Illustrated by Maclise 22
Moral of Flowers ----- 22
Southcy's Poetical Works - 27
,, British Poets ... 26
Spirit of the Woods - 27
Thomson's Seasons - - - - 29
POLITICAL ECONOMY AND STATISTICS.
M'Culloch's Geographical Statistical, and
Historical Dictionary - 21
,, Political Economy - - 21
Smith's Wealth of Nations ... 27
Spaceman's Statistical Tables - - - 27
Tooke's History of Prices - 30
RELIGIOUS AND MORAL WORKS, ETC.
Bellamy's Bible - ... 6
Bloomfield's Greek Testament - - 6
„ College and School ditto - 6 ,, Greek and English Lexicon
to New Testament - - 6
Burder's Oriental Customs - 7
Burns's Christian Philosophy - - - 7
Callcott's Scripture Herbal 8
Dibdin's Sunday Library - 28
Doddridge's Family Expositor - 9
Ford's New Devout Communicant - - 10
,, Century of Prayers - - 10
Harcourt's Doctrine of the Deluge - - 12
Kippis's Collection of Hymns, etc. - - 15
Marriage Gift 20
O'Sullivau On the Apostacy predicted by
St. Paul 23
Parkes's Domestic Duties - 23
Pearson's Prayers for Families - - 23
Riddle's Letters from a Godfather - - 25 Robinson's Greek and English Lexicon
to the New Testament - 25
Sandford's English Female Worthies - 26
„ Female Improvement - - 26
„ On Woman - 26
Tate's History of St. Paul - - - 29
Tayler's Translation of Dora Meldcr - 10
Turner's Sacred History - - - - 31
Wardlaw's Sermons 31
„ On Socinian Controversy - 31 White On the Gospel - - - -32
RURAL SPORTS.
Bainbridge's Fly-fisher's Guide - - 5 Elaine's Dictionary of Sports 6
Hansard's Fishing in Wales - 12
ANALYTICAL INDEX.
Pages
Hawker's Instructions to Sportsmen - 12
Martingale's Sporting Scenes - 20
Ronald's Fly-fisher's Entomology - - 26
Thacker's Courser's Remembrancer - 29
„ Coursing Rules - - 29
THE SCIENCES IN GENERAL, AND MATHEMATICS.
Bakewell's Introduction to Geology - 5 Brande's Dictionary of Science, Litera- ture, and Art ----- 7 Brewster's Optics ----- 7 Bischoff On the Heat of the Globe - - 6 Conversations on Mineralogy 8 De la Beche on theGeology of Cornwall.etc. 9 Donovan's Chemistry 9 Farey on the Steam Engine - - - 10 Fos broke on the Arts, Manners, Manufac- tures, and Institutions of the Greeks
and Romans 11
Greener's Science of Gunnery - - 11
„ On the Gun - 11
Herschel's Natural Philosophy - - 12
„ Astronomy - - - 12
Holland's Manufactures in Metal - - 13
Kane's Elements of Chemistry - - 15
Kater and Lardner's Mechanics - - 15
Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia - - 16
„ Hydrostatics and Pneumatics - 16
„ Electricity and Magnetism - 16
„ Arithmetic - - - - 16
„ Geometry - - - - 16
„ Treatise on Heat - - 16
Lectures On Polarised Light • - 16
Lloyd On Light and Vision _ 17
Mackenzie's Physiology of Vision - - 19
Marcet's (Mrs.) Conversations on the
Sciences, etc. - 19 and 20
Moseley's Practical Mechanics - - 22
,, Engineering and Architecture 22
Narrien's Elements of Geometry - - 23
Owen's Lectures On Comparative Anatomy 23
Parnell On Roads ----- 23
Pearson's Practical Astronomy - - 23
Phillips's Palaeozoic Fossils of Cornwall,etc. 24
„ Guide to Geology - 24
,, Treatise on Geology - - - 24
„ Introduction to Mineralogy - 24
Poisson's Mechanics - 24
Portlock's Report on the Geology of
Londonderry - 24
Powell's Natural Philosophy - Roberts's Dictionary of Geology Wilkinson's Kngines of War - Wood On Railroads
Pages
- 24
- 25
- 32
- 32
TOPOGRAPHY AND GUIDE BOOKS.
Adam's Gem of the Peak - - -
Addison's History of the Temple Church
,, Guide to ditto
Black's Tourist of England - Britton's Picture of London - Guide to all the Watering Places in Great Bzitain I
TRANSACTIONS OF SOCIETIES.
Transactions of the Entomological Society „ Zoological Society -
Linnsean Society - „ Institution of Civil
Engineers - - ,, Royal Institute of
British Architects - Proceedings of the Zoological Society -
TRAVELS.
Allan's Mediterranean -
China, Last Year in -
De Custine's Russia ..-•.'_, Laing's Notes of a Traveller - - - ,, Residence in Norway - - - „ Tour in Sweden -
Marryat's Travels of Monsieur Violet in
California, etc
Postaus's Sindh ----- Strong's Greece as a Kingdom - -
VETERINARY MEDICINE.
Field's Veterinary Records - - - 10
Morton's Veterinary Medicine - - 22
„. ,, Toxicological Chart 22
Percivall's Hippopathology - - - 23
,, Anatomy of the Horse - - 23
Spooner on the Foot and Leg of the Horse 28
„ On the Influenza of Horses
Thomson's Animal Chemistry -
Turner On the Foot of the Horse -
White's Veterinary Art - - _ _ 32
„ Cattle Medicine - - - 32
CATALOGUE.
ETC. ETC.
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ALLAN.— A PICTORIAL TOUR IN THE MEDITERRANEAN;
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BAYLDON. — TREATISE ON THE VALUATION OF PROPERTY FOR
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Vol. III. to complete the work, is in preparat,
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BELLAMY.-THE HOLY BIBLE,
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BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
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BLOOMFIELD.— THE CREEK TESTAMENT :
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==»
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BREWSTER.— TREATISE ON OPTICS.
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BULL.— THE MATERNAL MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN,
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Johnson's Medico Chirurgical Review, July, 1843.
BURNS.— THE PRINCIPLES OF CHRISTIAN PHILOSOPHY;
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Man is created for aFuture State of Happiness ; on the Means by which a Future State of
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BUTLER.-SKETCH OF ANCIENT AND MODERN GEOGRAPHY.
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BUTLER.— ATLAS OF MODERN GEOGRAPHY.
By the late Dr. Butler. New Edition ; consisting of Twenty-three coloured Maps, from a New Set of Plates. Svo. with Index, 12j. half-bound.
BUTLER.-ATLAS OF ANCIENT GEOGRAPHY ;
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CALLCOTT.-A SCRIPTURE HERBAL:
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•itfin is honourable to the extent of her Biblical studies. The easy gracejulness of its style,
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connexion with the written law of revelation."— From a Memoir of Lady Callcott, in the
Annual Biography for 1842.
CATLOW.- POPULAR CONCHOLOCY;
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CAVENDISH'S (SIR H.) DEBATES OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS,
During the Thirteenth Parliament of Great Britain, Commonly called the Utireported Parliament. To which are appended, Illustrations of th« Parliamentary History of the Reign of George III., consisting of Unpublished Letters, Private Journals, Memoirs, etc. Drawn up from the Original MSS., by J. Wright, Esq., Editor of the Parliamentary History of England. In 4 vols. roval Svo. Vol.' 1 is now ready, 25s. cloth. The work is also published in Parts, 6s, each, of which Six are now published.
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CHAXENOR.-POETICAL REMAINS OF MARY CHALENOR.
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CHINA.— THE LAST YEAR IN CHINA,
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CHINESE NOVEL. — RAMBLES OF THE EMPEROR CHING TIH IN
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COLTON.— LACON ; OR, MANY THINGS IN FEW WORDS.
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COPLAND.— A DICTIONARY OF PRACTICAL MEDICINE ;
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CROCKER-ELEMENTS OF LAND SURVEYING.
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DAVY (SIR HUMPHRY).— AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY :
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DE CUSTINE.-THE EMPIRE OF THE CZAR,
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DENDY.— THE PHILOSOPHY OF MYSTERY.
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DOCTOR (THE), ETC.
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DODDRIDGE.— THE FAMILY EXPOSITOR;
Or, a Paraphrase and Version of the New Testament : with Critical Notes, and a Practical Improvement of each Section. By P. Doddridge, D.D. To which is prefixed, a Life of the Author, by A. Keppis, D.D. F.R.S. and S.A. New Edition, 4vols. 8vo. II. 16s. cloth.
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10 CATALOGUE OF MEW WORKS
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DORA MELDER :
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DRUMMOND.— FIRST STEPS TO BOTANY,
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DUHRING.-THE ART OF LIVING.
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ELLIOTSON.— HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY-.
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FERGUS.-THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
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FIELD. — POSTHUMOUS EXTRACTS FROM THE VETERINARY
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FORD.— THE NEW DEVOUT COMMUNICANT,
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FRANKUM.— DISCpURSE ON THE ENLARGED AND PENDULOUS
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GOOD.— THE BOOK OF NATURE.
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GRAHAM.-ENCLISH; OR, THE ART OF COMPOSITION
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GRAHAM.— HELPS TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR;
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GRATTAN.— THE HISTORY OF THE NETHERLANDS,
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GRAY.— FIGURES OF MOLLUSCOUS ANIMALS,
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GRAY AND MITCHELL'S BIRDS.— THE GENERA OF BIRDS j
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GREENER.— THE GUN;
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GREENER.— SCIENCE OF GUNNERY,
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GRIGOR.— THE EASTERN ARBORETUM:
Or, Register of Remarkable Trees, Seats, Gardens, etc. in the County of Norfolk. With Popular Delineations of the British Sylva. By James Grigor. Illustrated by 50 Drawings of Trees, etched on copper by H. Ninham. 8vo. 17*. 6d. cloth.
12 CATALOGUE OF NEW WORKS
GUEST.— THE MABINOGION,
From the Llyfr Coch o Hergest, or Red Book of Hergest, and other ancient Welsh MSS. with an English Translation and Notes. By Lady Charlotte **—
Part 1.— Containing the Lady of the F( Royal 8vo. with Fac-simile and Woodcuts, 8s.
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and the Tale of Pwyll Prince of Dyved.
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GUIDE TO ALL THE WATERING AND SEA-BATHING PLACES OF
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GWILT.— AN ENCYCLOP/EDIA OF ARCHITECTURE;
Historical, Theoretical, and Practical. By Joseph Gwilt, Esq. F.S.A. Illustrated with upwards of 1000 Engravings on Wood, from Designs by J. S. Gwilt. In 1 thick vol. 8vo. containing nearly 13UO closely-printed pages, 21. 12s. 6rf. cloth.
HALL— NEW GENERAL LARGE LIBRARY ATLAS OF FIFTY-THREE
MAPS, on Columbier Paper ; with the Divisions and Boundaries carefully coloured. Con structed entirely from New Drawings, and engraved by Sidney Hall. New Edition, thoroughly revised and corrected ; including all the Alterations rendered necessary by the recent Official Surveys, the New Roads on the Continent, and a careful Comparison with the authenticated Discoveries published in the latest Voyages and Travels. Folded in half, Nine Guineas, half- bound in russia ; full size of the Maps, Ten Pounds, half-bound in russia.
HALSTED— LIFE AND TIMES OF RICHARD THE THIRD,
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HAND-BOOK OF TASTE;
Or, How to Observe Works of Art, especially Cartoons, Pictures, and Statues. By Fabius
Pictor, foolscap 8vo. 3s. boards.
" In these days, when every man is taught to be his own lawyer, his own physician, and to forth, we see no reason why he should not be his own critic. Here is a little volume telling him what he should think of works of art, how he should think, and why he should think. The . author gives a number of excellent m<ia-im* for observing pictures and judging of them in ail their dftnil of handling, colouring, grouping, and so forth. We can commend the work as cleverly written, and propounding correct views on art."— Court Journal.
HANSARD.— TROUT AND SALMON FISHING IN WALES.
By G. A. Hansard, 12mo. 6s.6rf. cloth.
HARCOURT.— THE DOCTRINE OF THE DELUGE;
Vindicating the Scriptural Account from the Doubts which have recently been cast upon it by Geological Speculations. By the Rev. L. Vernon Harcourt. 2 vols. 8vo. 36s. cloth.
HARFORD.— LIFE OF THOMAS BURGESS, D.D. F.R.S., ETC.
Late Lord Bishop of Salisbury; including an extensive Religious and Literary Correspon- dence. By John S. Harford, Esq. D.C.L. F.L.S. 2d edition, with additions, fcap. 8vo. with Portrait, 8s. 6rf. cloth.
HAWKER.-INSTRUCTIONS TO YOUNG SPORTSMEN
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HENSLOW. — THE PRINCIPLES OF DESCRIPTIVE AND PHYSIOLO- GICAL BOTANY. By J. S. Henslow, M.A. F.L.S. etc. 1 vol. foolscap 8vo. with Vignette Title, and nearly 70 Woodcuts, 6s. cloth.
HERSCHEL.-A TREATISE ON ASTRONOMY.
By Sir John Herschel. New Edition. 1 vol. fcap. 8vo. Vignette Title, 6s. cloth.
HERSCHEL.— A PRELIMINARY DISCOURSE ON THE STUDY OF
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HINTS ON ETIQUETTE AND THE USAGES OF SOCIETY:
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HOARE.— A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE CULTIVATION OF THE
GRAPE VINE ON OPEN WALLS. By Clement Hoare. 3d Edition, 8vo. 7s. firf. cloth. CONTENTS.
.
Introduction; Observations on the present Method of Cultivating Grape Vines on open Walls on the capability and extent of the Fruit-bearing Powers of the Vine; 011 Aspect ; on Soil on Manure ; on the Construction of Walls ; on the Propagation of Vines ; on the Pruning-of
on the capability and extent of the Fruit-bearing Powers of the Vine; 011 Aspect ; on Soil; on Manure ; on the Construction of Walls ; on the Propagation of Vines ; on the Prun- Vines ; on the Training of Vines ; on the Management of a Vine during the first five ye
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HOLLAND.— PROGRESSIVE EDUCATION;
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HOLLAND.— A TREATISE ON THE MANUFACTURES IN METAL.
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HOLLAND.— MEDICAL NOTES AND REFLECTIONS.
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HOOKER.— THE BRITISH FLORA.
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HOOKER.— COMPENDIUM OF THE ENGLISH FLORA.
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HOOKER.— ICONES PLANTARUM;
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HOOKER AND TAYLOR.- MUSCOLOGIA BRITANNICA.
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HO WITT (MARY).— THE HOME;
Or, Family Cares and Family Joys. By Frederika Bremen Translated by Mary Howitt.
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tive; and the calm Christian philosophy ont of which all its earnest lessons of truth, and justice, and resignation, and serene wisdom, are drawn, must receive implicit admiration on all hands."— Examiner.
HOWITT (MARY). -THE NEIGHBOURS:
A Story of Every-day Life in fr
______ J ______ _, ____ _, ________ ________ By Frederika Bremer. Translated by Mary Howitt.
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HOWITT (MARY).— THE PRESIDENT'S DAUGHTERS,
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HOWITT.— THE RURAL LIFE OF ENGLAND.
By William Howitt. New Edition, medium 8vo. with Engravings on Wood by Bewick and
Williams, uniform with "Visits to Remarkable Places," 21*. cloth.
CONTENTS.
Life of the Aristocracy. The Forests of England.
Life of the Agricultural Population. Habits, Amusements, and Condition of the
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Strong Attachment of the English to Country Chapters, descriptive of the Rural Watering
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14 CATALOGUE OF NEW WORKS
HOWITT.— VISITS TO REMARKABLE PLACES;
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HOWITT.-THE RURAL AND DOMESTIC LIFE OF GERMANY:
With Characteristic Sketches of its chief Cities and Scenery. Collected in a General Tour, and during a Residence in that Country in the Years 1840-42. By William Howitt, author of "The Rural Life of England," "Visits to Remarkable Places," "The Boy's Country Book," etc. 1 vol. medium 8vo., with above 50 Illustrations, 21*. cloth.
«' We cordially record our conviction of the value of Mr, Howitt's volume, and strongly recommend its early perusal. It is both instructive and entertaining, Ui<d will be found to familiarize the English reader with forms of character and modes oj social life, vastly differ- ent from anything witnessed at home."— Eclectic Review.
HOWITT.— THE STUDENT-LIFE OF GERMANY.
From the Unpublished MS. of Dr. Cornelius. By William Howitt. 8vo. with 24 Wood- Engravings, and 7 Steel Plates, 21*. cloth.
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HOWITT.-COLONISATION AND CHRISTIANITY:
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HOWITT.— THE BOY'S COUNTRY BOOK:
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HUDSON.— THE PARENT'S HAND-BOOK;
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HUDSON.— PLAIN DIRECTIONS FOR MAKING WILLS
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HUDSON.— THE EXECUTOR'S GUIDE.
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INGEMANN.— KING ERIC AND THE OUTLAWS;
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Translated from the Danish by Jane Frances Chapman. 3 vols. post 8vo. If, 11*. 6d. boards. " Full of incident and adventure. We recollect few novels in which the attention of the reader is more quickly interested or more deeply absorbed. The characters are struck off' with a shrewd intelligence, and contrast admirably ; and the whole tale is original, lively, and varied in no common degree."— Court Journal.
JACKSON.— PICTORIAL FLORA ;
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JACKSON, ETC.— THE MILITARY LIFE OF FIELD-MARSHAL THE
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JAMES.-EVA ST. CLAIR;
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JAMES.-A HISTORY OF THE LIFE OF EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE,
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JAMES.— LIVES OF THE MOST EMINENT FOREIGN STATESMEN.
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LORD JEFFREY.— LORD JEFFREY'S CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE EDIN- BURGH REVIEW. Four Volumes, 8vo.
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JOHNSON.-THE FARMER'S ENCYCLOP/EDIA,
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KANE.— ELEMENTS OF CHEMISTRY;
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KATER AND LARDNER.-A TREATISE ON MECHANICS.
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KEIGHTLEY.— THE HISTORY OF ENGLAND.
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KIPPIS.— A COLLECTION OF HYMNS AND PSALMS,
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16 CATALOGUE OF IV EW
KIRBY AND SPENCE.— AN INTRODUCTION TO ENTOMOLOGY;
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KN APR— GRAM IN A BRITANNICA;
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LAING.— A TOUR IN SWEDEN
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LAING.— NOTES OF A TRAVELLER
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LAING.— JOURNAL OF A RESIDENCE IN NORWAY
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LAING.— THE CHRONICLE OF THE KINGS OF NORWAY,
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LARDNER'S CABINET CYCLOP/EDIA;
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LARDNER.— A TREATISE ON ARITHMETIC.
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LARDNER.— A TREATISE ON ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM.
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LARDNER.— A TREATISE ON GEOMETRY,
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LARDNER.— A TREATISE ON HEAT.
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LARDNER.— A TREATISE ON HYDROSTATICS AND PNEUMATICS.
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LECTURES ON POLARISED LIGHT,
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L. E. L.— THE POETICAL WORKS OF LETITIA ELIZABETH LANDON.
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LIFE OF A TRAVELLING PHYSICIAN,
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LIGHTER HOURS:
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LINDLEY.— INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY,
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LINDLEY.— A NATURAL SYSTEM OF BOTANY ;
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18 CATALOGUE OF NEW WORKS
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LOUDON.—AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PLANTS;
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LOW.— ELEMENTS OF PRACTICAL AGRICULTURE;
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20 CATALOGUE OF NEW WORKS
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MAUNDER.— THE TREASURY OF KNOWLEDGE,
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M'CULLOCH.- A DICTIONARY, GEOGRAPHICAL, STATISTICAL, AND
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MILNE. -TREATISE ON THE VALUATION OF ANNUITIES & ASSURANCES
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MILTON'S L'ALLECRO AND IL PENSEROSO,
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MOSELEY.— ILLUSTRATIONS OF PRACTICAL MECHANICS.
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MOSELEY. —THE MECHANICAL PRINCIPLES OF ENGINEERING AND
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MURRAY.-ENCYCLOP>EDIA OF GEOGRAPHY;
Comprising a complete Description of the Earth : exhibiting its Relation to the Heavenly Bodies, its Physical Structure, the Natural History of each Country, and the Industry, Com- merce, Political Institutions, and Civil and Social State of all Nations. By Hugh Murray, F.R.S.E.: assisted in Astronomy, etc. by Professor Wallace; Geology, etc. by Professor Jameson; Botany, etc. by Sir W. J. Hooker; Zoology, etc. by W. Swainson, Esq. New Edition, brought down to 1840 : with 82 Maps, drawn by Sidney Hall, and upwards of 1000 other Engravings on Wood, from Drawings by Swainson, T. Landseer, Sowerby, Strutt, etc. repre- senting the most remarkable Objects of Nature and Art in every Region of the Globe. 1 vol. Svo. containing upwards of 1500 pages, SI. cloth.
NARRIEN.— ELEMENTS OF GEOMETRY:
Consisting of the first Four and Sixth Books of Euclid, chiefly from the Text of Dr. Rober* Simpson: with the principal Theorems in Proportion, and a course of Practical Geometry on the Ground ; also, Four Tracts relating to Circles, Planes and Solids, with one on Spherical Geometry. By Mr. Narrien, Professor of Mathematics in the Royal Military'College, Sand- hurst. Svo. pp. 288, with many Diagrams, 10s. 6d. bound.
NICOLAS.— THE CHRONOLOGY OF HISTORY
Containing Tables, Calculations, and Statements indispensable for ascertaining the Dates of Historical Events, and of Public and Private Documents, from the Earliest Period to the Present Time. By Sir Harris Nicolas, K.C. M.G. Second Edition, corrected throughout. 1 vol. foolscap Svo. with Vignette Title, 6*. cloth. " We strongly recommend to historical students the clear and accurate 'Chronology of
History, ' by Sir Harris Nicolas, which contains all the information that can be practically
r<?j«ir*d.»-Quarterly Review, No. 142.
O'SULLIVAN.— OF THE APOSTACY PREDICTED BY ST. PAUL.
By the Rev. Mortimer O'Sullivan, D.D . Rector of Killyman. Svo. pp. 596, 14s. cloth.
OWEN. — LECTURES ON THE COMPARATIVE ANATOMY AND PHYSI- OLOGY OF THE INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS, delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons in 1843. By Richard Owen, F.R.S. Hunterian Professor to the College. From Notes taken by William White Cooper, M.R.C.S. and revised by Professor Owen. With Glossary and Index. Svo. with nearly 140 Illustrations on Wood, 14*. cloth.
" It is sufficient to announce a work on the comparative anatomy of the Invertebrata by Mr. Owen. Were it necessary to recommend it, we should say, that the desideratum it supplies has been long felt by students of natural history ; and that no writer of the present day, except Mr. Owen, could have ventured to approach the subject: his enlightened researches having made the delightful department of science in which he has created his brilliant repu- tation legitimately his own; and, indeed, organised into a system an interesting branch of *-- iwledge, in which he found only a few scattered and imperfeclly known facts."
Medical Gazette.
PARKES.— DOMESTIC DUTIES ;
Or, Instructions to Young Married Ladies on the Management of their Households and the Regulation of their Conduct in the various Relations and Duties of Married Life. By Mrs. W. Parkes. 5th Edition, foolscap Svo. 9*. cloth. Social Relations — Household Concerns— the Regulation of Time— Moral and Religious Duties.
PARNELL.— A TREATISE ON ROADS;
Wherein the Principles on which Roads should be made are explained and illustrated by the Plans, Specifications, and Contracts made use of by Thomas Telford, Esq. on the Holyhead Road. By the Right Hon. Sir Henry Parnell, Bart., Hon. Memb. lust. Civ. Eng. London. Second Edition, greatly enlarged, with 9 large Plates, II. Is. cloth.
PEARSON.-PRAYERS FOR FAMILIES:
Consisting of a Form, short, but comprehensive, for the Morning and Evening of every day in the week. Selected by the late E. Pearson, D.D., Master of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge. To which is prefixed, a Biographical Memoir of the Editor. New Edit. 18mo. 25. 6d. cloth.
PEARSON.— AN INTRODUCTION TO PRACTICAL ASTRONOMY:
By the Rev. W. Pearson, LL.D. F.R.S. etc. Rector of South Kilworth, Leicestershire, and Treasurer to the Astronomical Society of London. 2 vols. 4to . with Plates, 71- 7»- boards.
Vol. 1 contains Tables, recently computed, for facilitating the Reduction of Celestial Obser- vations ; and a popular Explanation of their Construction and Use.
Vol. 2 contains Descriptions of the various Instruments that have been usefully employed in determining the Places of the Heavenly Bodies, with an Account of the Methods of Adjusting and Using them.
PERCIVALL.-THE ANATOMY OF THE HORSE;
Embracing the Structure of the Foot. By W.Percivall, M.R.C.S. Svo. pp.478, II. cloth.
'ERCIVALL.-HIPPOPATHOLOCY ;
A Systematic Treatise on the Disorders and Lameness of the Horse ; with their Modern and most approved Methods of Cure ; embracing the Doctrines of the English and French Veteri- nary Schools. By W. Percivall, M.R.C.S., Veterinary Surgeon in the First Life Guards. Vol. 1, Svo. pp. 340, 10*. Gd. boards ; vol. 2, Svo. pp. 436, 14*. boards.
24 CATALOGUE OF NEW WORKS
PEREIRA.— A TREATISE ON FOOD AND DIET:
With Observations on the Dietetical Regimen suited for Disordered States of the Digestive Organs; and an Account of the Dietaries of some of the principal Metropolitan and other Establishments for Paupers, Lunatics, Criminals, Children, the Mck, etc. By Jon. Pereira, M.D. F.R.S., author of "Elements of Materia Medica." 8vo. 16*. cloth.
"Dr. Pereira's book contains such an exposition of the entire subject of alimentary sub- stances and diet as must be alike acceptable to the professional student and improving to the
present end vital interest?"— T&W a Magazine.
" The most complete and informing work on the subject which has been yet presented to the public. We urge every one to read it with attention, as the production of a medical philo- sopher, and one of the first physicians of the age.— Atlas.
PHILLIPS. -AN ELEMENTARY INTRODUCTION TO MINERALOGY:
Comprising a Notice of the Characters and Elements of Minerals ; with Accounts of the Places and Circumstances in which they are found. By William Phillips, F.L.S. M.G.S. etc. 4th Edition, considerably augmented by R. Allan, F.R.S.E. 8vo. numerous Cuts, 12*. cloth.
PHILLIPS.-FICURES & DESCRIPTIONS OF THE PALAEOZOIC FOSSILS OF
CORNWALL, DEVON, and WEST SOMERSET; observed in the course of the Ordnance Geological Survey of that District. By John Phillips, F.R.S. F.G.S. etc. Published by Order of the Lords Commissioners of H. M. Treasury. 8vo. with 60 Plates, comprising very numerous Figures, 9s. cloth.
PHILLIPS.— A GUIDE TO GEOLOGY.
By John Phillips, F.R.S. G.S. etc. 1 vol. foolscap 8vo. with Plates, 5s. cloth.
PHILLIPS— A TREATISE ON GEOLOGY.
By John Phillips, F.R.S. G.S. etc. 2 vols. foolscap 8vo. with Vignette Titles and Woodcuts. 12s. cloth.
POISSON.— A TREATISE ON MECHANICS.
By S. D. Poisson. 2d Edition. Translated from the French, and illustrated with Explanatory Notes, by the Rev. Henry H. Harte, late Fellow of Trinity College, Dublin. 2 large vols. 8vo~ 2S». boards.
PORTER.— A TREATISE ON THE MANUFACTURE OF SILK.
By G. R. Porter, Esq. F.R.S., author of "The Progress of the Nation," etc. 1 vol. 8vo. with Vignette Title, and 39 Engravings on Wood, 6*. cloth.
PORTER.-A TREATISE ON THE MANUFACTURES OF PORCELAIN AND
GLASS. By G. R. Porter. Esq. F.R.S. 1 vol. foolscap 8vo. with Vignette Title and 50 Woodcuts, 6s. cloth.
PORTLOCK. -REPORT ON THE GEOLOGY OF THE COUNTY OF
LONDONDERRY, and of Parts of Tyrone and Fermanagh, examined and described under the Authority of the Master-General and Board of Ordnance. By J. E. Portlock, F.R.S. etc. 8vo. with 48 Plates, 24*. cloth.
POSTAN'S (CAPTAIN).— PERSONAL OBSERVATIONS ON SINDH,
The Manners and Customs of its. Inhabitants, and its Productive Capabilities: with a Narra- tive of the Recent Events. By Captain Postans, Bombay Army, late Assistant to the Political Agent, Sindh. 8vo. with Map, col'd Frontispiece, and Illustrations on Wood. 18*. cloth. " Capt. Postans writes pleasantly, and is a firm and calm recorder of what he has seen and
h'is points about which men ore much divided. He hasstndied his theme in its various branches vigilantly and patiently, and ha* bestowed reflection and exemplary care before delivering the results of his observation and research. His work, indeed, we cannot doubt, will become an authority upon various points of Indian policy even beyond the interests that are immediately combined with the Sindhian nation*'— Monthly Review.
POWELL.— THE HISTORY OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.
From the Earliest Periods to the Present Time. By Baden Powell, M. A., Savilian Professor of Mathematics in the University of Oxford. 1 vol. fcap. 8vo. Vignette Title, 6s. cloth.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.
8vo. The last Part published is Part 9 for 1841, 6s. cloth.
REECE.— THE MEDICAL GUIDE:
For the use of the Clergy, Heads of Families, Seminaries, and Junior Practitioners in Medi- cine; comprising a complete Modern Dispensatory and a Practical Treatise on the distin- guishing Symptoms, Causes, Prevention, Cure, and Palliation of the Diseases incident to the Human Frame. By R. Reece, M.D., late Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of London, etc. 16th Edition, 8vo. pp. 600, 12*. boards.
REEVE.- CONCHOLOCIA SYSTEM ATIC A :
Or, Complete System of Conchology: in which the Lepades and Mollusca are described and classified according to their Natural Organization and Habits : illustrated with 300 highly finished copper-plate Engravings, by Messrs. Sowerby, containing above 1500 figures of Shells. By L. Reeve, F.L.S. etc.
Vol.1, containing the Lepades and Bivalve Mollusca, with 130 Plates, 31. 5s. cloth: with coloured Plates, 5/. 10*. cloth.
Vol. 2, the " Univalve Mollusca/' with 1?1 Plates, 41. 9s. cloth ; coloured, 71. 12*. cloth.
PRINTED FOR LONGMAN, BROWN, AND CO. 25
th an Historical and Scientific Introduction, a systematic Analysis, a Biographical
, _. Jtes, and a copious Alphabetical Index. By J. C. Loudon, F.L.S., etc. Originally
published in one folio and three quarto volumes, and now comprised in 1 vol. 8vo. illustrated by upwards of 250 Engravings, and Portrait, 30s. cloth ; with colov
REPTON.— THE LANDSCAPE GARDENING & LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
of the late Humphrey Repton, Esq.; being his entire Works on these subjects. N
Edition, with an Historical and Sc:--^~ '-'—-1"-11 — ~ — **" A-~1— :~ - ": v:
Notice, Notes, and a copious Alp!
• Uo and three q 4
Ingravings, and Portrait, 30s. cloth ; with coloured Plates, 3/. 6*. cloth.
RICHARDSON.— GEOLOGY FOR BEGINNERS:
Comprising a Familiar Explanation of Geology, and its associate Sciences, Mineralogy, Physical Geology, Fossil Conchology, Fossil Botany, and Palaeontology, including Directions for forming Collections and generally cultivating the Science ; with "a succinct Account of the several Geological Formations. By G. F. Richardson, F.G.S. of the British Museum. 2d Edition, considerably enlarged, with new Frontispiece, and nearly 100 new Wood Engrav- ings, fcp. 8vo. 10*. 6d. cloth.
" The student of Geolnsy is here supplied with the means of acquiring the rudiments of this interesting science. Mr. Richardson has succeeded in simplifying his descriptions, and investing his explanations with interest, to an extent unequalled in any work of the kind , with which we have had the good fortune to meet. He thus fixes the attention, and gradually acquires the confidence of the strident, who becomes sensible that he is making progress in the study by the increasing pleasure which he feels at every successive step. The scientific reputation acquired by the author the facilities afforded by his official position, as Cttrator of the Geological department of the British Museum— and the rapidity with which the first edition of the work has been sold, render any further recommendation of the book unneces- sary. It will, we doubt not, become the work with which the student of geology willcommence. When its contents are understood, they will materially aid his progress in proceeding to master the arcana of the science, which, when acquired, will amply reward whatever pains he has taken in the acquisition of its mysteries."— Globe, Sept. 8, 1843.
RIDDLE.— A DIAMOND LATIN ENGLISH DICTIONARY.
For the waistcoat-pocket. A Guide to the Meaning, Quality, and right Accentuation of Latin Classical Words. By the Rev. J. E. Riddle, M.A. Royal 32mo. 4*. bound. "A most useful little lexicon to the general reader who may wish for an accommodating interpreter of such Latin words or sentences as may be encountered in every day's casual literary exercises. It is at once copious and succinct."— Morning Herald.
RIDDLE.- LETTERS FROM AN ABSENT GODFATHER;
Or, a Compendium of Religious Instruction for Young Persons. By the Rev. J. E. Riddle, M.A. Foolscap 8vo. 6*. cloth.
RIDDLE.— ECCLESIASTICAL CHRONOLOGY;
Or, Annals of the Christian Church, from its Foundation to the present Time. Containing a View of General Church History, and the Course of Secular Events ; the Limits of the Church and its Relations to the State ; Controversies ; Sects and Parties ; Rites, Institutions, and Discipline ; Ecclesiastical Writers. The whole arranged according to the order of Dates, and divided into Seven Periods. To which are added, Lists of Councils and Popes, Patriarchs, and Archbishops of Canterbury. By the Rev. J. E. Riddle, M.A., author of " The Complete Latin Dictionary." 1 vol. 8vo. 15». cloth.
RIVERS.— THE ROSE AMATEUR'S GUIDE:
Containing ample Descriptions of all the fine leading Varieties of Roses, regularly classed in their respective Families ; their History and Mode of Culture. By T. Rivers, Jun. 2d Edit, with Alterations and Additions. 1 vol. foolscap 8vo. 6*. cloth.
Among the additions to the present Edition will be found full Directions for Raising New Roses from Seed, by modes never before published, appended to each Family; with Descrip- tions of the most remarkable New Roses lately introduced; and an Alphabetical List of all the New Roses and Show Flowers.
ROBERTS.-A COMPREHENSIVE VIEW OF THE CULTURE OF THE VINE
under GLASS. By James Roberts, Gardener to M. Wilson, Esq., Eshton, Hall, Yorkshire. 12mo. 5s. 6rf. cloth.
ROBERTS.-AN ETYMOLOGICAL AND EXPLANATORY DICTIONARY OF
the TERMS and LANGUAGE of GEOLOGY; designed for the early Student, and those who have not made great progress in the Science. By G. Roberts. Foolscap 8vo. 6». cloth.
ROBINSON.-CREEK AND ENGLISH LEXICON TO THE NEW TESTAMENT.
By E.Robinson, D.D., author of " Biblical Researches." Edited, with careful revision, corrections, etc., by the Rev. Dr. Bloomfield. 1vol. 8vo. 18*. cloth.
ROGERS.— THE VEGETABLE CULTIVATOR;
Containing a plain and accurate Description of all the different Species of Culinary Vegetables, with the most approved Method of Cultivating them by Natural and Artificial Means, and the best Modes of Cooking them ; alphabetically arranged. Together with a Description of the Physical Herbs in General Use. Also, some Recollections of the Life of Philip Miller, F. A.S., Gardener to the Worshipful Company of Apothecaries at Chelsea. By John Rogers, author of "The Fruit Cultivator." Foolscap 8vo. Ts. cloth.
26 CATALOGUE OF NEW WORKS
ROME.— THE HISTORY OF ROME.
2 vols. foolscap 8vo. with Vignette Titles, 12*. cloth.
RONALDS.— THE FLY-FISHER'S ENTOMOLOGY,
Illustrated by coloured Representations of the Natural and Artificial Insect; and accom- panied by a few Observations and Instructions relative to Trout and Grayling Fishing. By Alfred Ronalds. 2d edition, with 20 Copper Plates, coloured, 8vo. 14*. cloth.
ROSCOE.-LIVES OF EMINENT BRITISH LAWYERS.
By Henry Roscoe, Esq. 1 vol. foolscap 8vo, with Vignette Title, 6*. cloth. .
SANDFORD.— WOMAN IN HER SOCIAL AND DOMESTIC CHARACTER.
By Mrs. John Sandford. 6th Edition, foolscap 8vo. 6*. cloth.
Causes of Female Influence ; Value of Letters to Woman ; Importance of Religion to Woman Christianity the Source of Female Excellence ; Scripture illustrative of Female Character ; Female Influence on Religion ; Female Defects ; Female Romance ; Female Education ; Female Duties.
SANDFORD.— FEMALE IMPROVEMENT.
By Mrs. John Sandford. 2d Edition, foolscap 8vo. 7»- 6d. cloth.
The Formation of Female Character ; Religion, a paramount Object ; the Importance of Rcligioui Knowledge; Christianity, Doctrinal and Practical; the Employment of Time ; Study, its Mode and its Recommendation; Accomplishment; Temper; Taste; Benevolence; Marriage; the Young Wife ; the Young Mother.
SANDFORD.— LIVES OF ENGLISH FEMALE WORTHIES.
By Mrs. John Sandford. Vol. 1, containing the Lives of Lady Jane Grey and Mrs. Colonel Hutchinson, foolscap 8vo. 6*. 6d. cloth.
SAVAGE.— A DICTIONARY OF PRINTING.
By William Savage, author of "Practical Hints on Decorative Printing," and a Treatise "On the Preparation of Printing Ink, both Black and Coloured." In 1 vol. 8vo. with numerous Diagrams, II. 6s. cloth.
SCOTT.— THE HISTORY OF SCOTLAND.
By Sir Walter Scott, Bart. New Edition, 2 vols. foolscap 8vo. with Vignette Titles, 12*. cloth.
SEAWARD.— SIR EDWARD SEA WARD'S NARRATIVE OF HIS SHIPWRECK,
And consequent Discovery of certain Islands in the Caribbean Sea: with a Detail of many extraordinary and highly interesting Events in his Life, from 1/33 to 1/49, as written in his own Diary. Edited by Miss Jane Porter. 3d Edition, with a New Nautical and Geographical Introduction, containing Extracts from a Paper by Mr. C. F. Collett, of the Royal Navy, identifying the Islands described by Sir Edward Seaward. 2 vols. post 8vo. 21*. cloth.
SELECT WORKS OF THE BRITISH POETS :
From Chaucer to Withers. With Biographical Sketches, by R- Southey, LL.D. 1 vol. 8vo. 30*. cloth ; or 31*. 6d. with gilt edges.
SELECT WORKS OF THE BRITISH POETS :
From Ben Jonson to Beattie. With Biographical and Critical Prefaces by Dr. Aikin. 1 vol. 8vo. 18*. cloth ; or 20*. with gilt edges.
*** The peculiar feature of these two works is, that the Poems included are printed entire, without mutilation or abridgment; care being taken that such poems only arc included as are Jit for the perusal of youth, or for reading aloud.
SHAKSPEARE, BY BOWDLER.
THE FAMILY SHAKSPEARE , in which nothing is added to the Original Text ; but those Words and Expressions are omitted which cannot with propriety be read aloud. By T. Bowdler, Esq. F.R.S. Seventh Edition (1839), 1 large vol. 8vo. with 36 Illustrations after Smirke, etc. 30*. cloth ; or 31*. 6d. gilt edges. *»* A LIBRARY EDITION of this work, without Illustrations, 8 vols. 8vo. 41. 14*. 6d. boards.
SHELLEY, ETC.— LIVES OF THE MOST EMINENT LITERARY MEN OF
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SHELLEY.— LIVES OF THE MOST EMINENT FRENCH WRITERS.
By Mrs. Shelley and others. 2 vols. foolscap 8vo. with Vignette Titles, 12*. cloth.
SHORT WHIST :
Its Rise, Progress, and L.aws ; with Observations to make any one a Whist Player ; containing also the Laws of Piquet, Cassino, Ecarte, Cribbage, Backgammon. By Major A *****. 7th Edition. To which are added, Precepts for Tyros. By Mrs. B * * * * *. Foolscap 8vo. 3*. cloth, gilt edges.
PRINTED FOR LONGMAN, BROWN, AND CO. 27
SISMONDI.-THE HISTORY OF THE ITALIAN REPUBLICS;
Or, of the Origin, Progress, and Fall of Freedom in Italy, from A.D. 476 to 1805. By J. C. L. De Sismondi. 1 vol. foolscap 8vo. with Vignette Title, 6s. cloth.
SISMONDI.-THE HISTORY OF THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE.
Comprising a View of the Invasion and Settlement of the Barbarians. ByJ.C.L. De Sismondi. 2 vols. foolscap 8vo. with Vignette Titles, 12*. cloth.
SMITH —AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF BOTANY.
By Sir J. E. Smith, late President of the Linnaean Society. 7th Edition (1833), corrected ; in which the object of Smith's "Grammar of Botany" is combined with that of the "Intro- duction." By Sir William Jackson Hooker, K.H. LL.D. etc. 1 vol. 8vo. pp. 522 with 36 Steel Plates, 16s. cloth ; coloured Plates, 21. l2s.Gd. cloth.
SMITH.— THE ENGLISH FLORA.
By Sir James Edward Smith, M.D. F.R.S., late President of the Linnsean Society, etc. 6 vols. Svo.31. 12*. boards.
CONTENTS :
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Vol. V. Part 1, 12*.— Cryptogamia ; comprising I Vol. V. Part 2, 12*.— The Fungi— completing the Mosses, Hepaticae, Lichens, Chara- the work, by Sir W. J. Hooker, and the
eeas, and Algae. By Sir W. J. Hooker. Rev. M. J. Berkeley, F.L.S. etc.
SMITH.— THE WORKS OF THE REV. SYDNEY SMITH.
2d Edition, 3 vols. 8vo. with Portrait, pp. 1412, 36s. cloth.
*»* This collection consists of the Authors contributions to the " Edinburgh Review*" Peter Plymley's " Letters on the Catholics," and other miscellaneous works.
SMITH.— LETTERS ON THE SUBJECT OF THE CATHOLICS,
To my BROTHER ABRAHAM who lives in the COUNTRY. By Peter Plymley. 21st Edition, post 8vo. pp. 200, 7s. cloth.
SMITH.— THE MEMOIRS OF THE MARQUIS DE POMBAL.
By John Smith, Private Secretary to the Marquis de Saldana. 2 vols. 8vo. with Portrait
and Autograph, 2ls. cloth.
These Memoirs of this illustrious Portuguese Statesman, designated by his countrymen the " Great Marquis," contain details of the terrible earthquake in 1755— The energy of Pombal on that awful occasion— The establishment of the Oporto Wine Company— The Duke of Aveiro's conspiracy— Rupture with the Court of Rome— Strange hallucinations of the Jesuit Malagrida— Suppression of the Jesuit order throughout Europe effected by Pombal's energy and address- Family compact, and war with France and Spain— Extensive reforms and flourishing condition of Portugal— Death of the king -Pombal's resignation, examination, sentence, illness, and death. The whole interspersed with extracts from the despatches of Mr. Hay, Lord Kinuoull, Mr. Walpole, etc. never before published.
SMITH.— AN INQUIRY INTO THE NATURE AND CAUSES OF THE WEALTH
OF NATIONS. By Adam Smith, LL.D. With a Life of the Author, an Introductory Discourse, Notes, and Supplemental Dissertation. By J. R. M'Culloch. New Edition, corrected throughout, and greatly enlarged, 8vo. with Portrait, II. Is. cloth.
SOUTHEY'S (ROBERT) POETICAL WORKS.
First and only complete Edition (183842). Collected and edited by Mr. Southey. With Autobiographical Prefaces. 10 vols. foolscap 8vo. with Portrait, and 19 other highly- finished Plates, 21. 10s. fancy cloth; or 41. 10s. handsomely bound in morocco, with gilt edges.
The following may be had, bound separately, in cloth lettered :—
JOAN OF ARC 1 vol. 5s. I THALABA 1 vol. 5s.
MADOC 1vol. 5s. BALLADS, etc. 2 vols. 10s.
CURSE OF KEHAMA - - - 1 vol. 5s. | RODERICK 1vol. 5s.
SOUTHEY, ETC.— LIVES OF THE BRITISH ADMIRALS;
With an Introductory View of the Naval History of England. By R. Southey, Esq. and R. Bell, Esq. 5 vols. foolscap 8vo., with Vignette Titles, II. 10s. cloth.
SPACKMAN.-STATISTICAL TABLES
Of the Agriculture, Shipping, Colonies, Manufactures, Commerce, and Population of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and its Dependencies, brought down to the year 1843. Compiled from Official Returns. By W. F. Spackman, Esq. Fcap. 8vo. pp. 162, 5s. cloth.
SPIRIT OF THE WOODS.
By the author of "The Moral of Flowers." 2d Edition, 1 vol. royal 8vo. with 23 beautifully coloured Engravings of the Forest Trees of Great Britain, II. 11s. 6d. cloth.
SPOONER.— A TREATISE ON THE INFLUENZA OF HORSES.
Shewing its Nature, Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment , embracing the subject of Epizootic Disease" generally. By'W. C.Spooner, M.R.V.C. 12mo. pp. 118, 3s. Gd. sewed.
28
CATALOGUE OF NEW WORKS
SPOONER.— A TREATISE ON THE STRUCTURE, FUNCTIONS, AND
DISEASES of the FOOT and LEG of the HORSE ; comprehending the Comparative Anatomy of these Parts in other Animals ; embracing the subject of Shoeing and the proper Treatment of the Foot; with the Rationale and Effects of various Important Operations, and the best Methods of performing them. By W. C. Spooner, M.R.V.O. 12mo. pp. 398, Is. 6d. cloth.
STEBBING.—THE HISTORY OF THE CHRSITIAN CHURCH,
From its Foundation to A.D. 1492. By the Rev. H. Stebbing, M.A., etc. 2 vols. foolscap 8vo. with Vignette Titles, 12s. cloth.
STEBBING.—THE HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION.
By the Rev. H. Stebbing. 2 vols. foolscap 8vo. with Vignette Titles, 12*. cloth.
STEPHENS.— A MANUAL OF BRITISH COLEOPTERA ;
Or, BEETLES : containing a Description of all the Species of Beetles hitherto ascertained to inhabit Great Britain and Ireland, etc. With a complete Index of the Genera. By J. F. Stephens, F.L.S., author of " Illustrations of Entomology." 1 vol. post 8vo. 14*. cloth.
STEEL'S SHIPMASTER'S ASSISTANT,
And OWNER'S MANUAL ; containing Information necessary
Mercantile Affairs ; consisting of the Regulation Acts of the Customs for the United King-
for persons connected with
ms for the United Ki
cts ; Duties of Cust
a, and Isle of Man ; in the
'
broad ; Navigation Laws ; Registry Acts ; Duties of Custom
of the United Kingdom, the British Plantations in America, Canada, and Isle of Man ; in the East Indies, Cape of Good Hope, New South Wales, and Van Dieman's Land ; Smuggling Acts ; Pilotage throughout England and Scotland ; Insurances ; Commercial Treaties ; Dock Charges on Shipping, etc. New Edition, corrected by J. Stikeman, Secretary to the East India and China Association. With Tables of Monies, Weights, Measures, and Exchanges. By Dr. Kelly. With a Supplement. 1 vol. 8vo. II. Is. cloth.
STRONG.— GREECE AS A KINGDOM:
A Statistical Description of that Country— its Laws, Commerce, R Army, NE Official D-
Country— its Laws, Commerce, Resources, Public Institutions, Army, Navy, etc.— from the Arrival of King Otho, in 1833, down to the present time. From
the Kingdoms o
SUNDAY LIBRARY:
and Authentic Sources. By Frederick Strong, Esq., Consul at Athens for - — :~ — J TT ir. 8vo. 15*. cloth.
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Containing nearly One Hundred Sermons by the following eminent Divines. With Notes etc. by the Rev. T. F. Dibdiu, D.D. 6 vols. foolscap 8vo. with 6 Portraits, 30s. cloth. |
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Archbp. Lawrence |
Bp. Mant |
Dr. D'Oyly |
Rev.J. Hewlett |
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— Seeker |
— Newton |
— Paley |
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Bp. Bloomfield |
— Porteus |
- Parr |
— W. Jones (of |
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-Gray |
— J. B.Sumner |
— Shuttleworth |
Nay Ian d} |
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— Heber |
— Van Mildert |
Professor White |
— C.W. LeBas |
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- Hobart |
Dean Chandler |
Rev. Arch. Alison |
— H.H.Milman |
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Archdeacon Nares |
— C.Benson |
— R. Morehead |
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— Horsley |
Pott |
— Joshua Gilpin |
— Thos.Rennell |
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— Huntingford — Maltby |
Dr. Blair — Chalmers |
— G. Haggitt — Robert Hall |
— J. H. Spry — Sydney Smith — Thos.Townson |
SWAINSON.-A PRELIMINARY DISCOURSE ON THE STUDY OF NATURAL
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THOMSON'S SEASONS.
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30 CATALOGUE OF NEW WORKS
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WARDLAW.-DISCOURSES ON THE PRINCIPAL POINTS OF THE SOCINIAN
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32 CATALOGUE OF NEW WORKS, ETC.
WESTWOOD.— INTRODUCTION TO THE MODERN CLASSIFICATION OF
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WHITE'S COMPENDIUM OF CATTLE MEDICINE ;
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WHITE.— THE GOSPEL PROMOTIVE OF TRUE HAPPINESS.
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WILKINSON.— THE ENGINES OF WAR, ETC.
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WOOD.— A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON RAILROADS, AND INTERIOR
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YOUNG LADIES' BOOK (THE):
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