^»>— THE ROSE MANUAL; CONTAINING ACCURATE DESCRIPTIONS OF AI L TdE FINEST VABIF TIES GF '•»*»*>*! ROSES, PROPERLY CLASSED IN THEIR RESPECTIVE FAMILIES, THEIR CHARACTER AND MODE OF CULTURE, WITH DIRECTIONS FOR THEIR PROPAGATION, AND THE DESTRUCTION OF INSECTS. WITH EXGRAYINGS. BY ROBERT BUIST, NURSERYMAN AND FLORIST. PHILADELPHIA. FOR THE AUTHOR AND MESSRS. CAREY AND HART. 1844. 7- Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1844, by R. BUIST, in the Office of the Clerk of the District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. INTBODUCTION. CUSTOM has made it the privilege of authors to set forth the merit and purport of their productions in some preliminary remarks. Of this privilege I gladly avail myself, to disclaim at once all preten- sions to the art of composition. These pages owe their existence merely to the repeated demands of numerous friends and cus- tomers, for a work on ROSES, simple in its arrange- ment, and clear in its directions. I have endea- voured to gratify their wishes, and have now only to hope that their satisfaction may bear some pro- portion to the pleasure I have found in the task. This volume contains the result of twenty years' experience on the subject of which it treats, fifteen of which have been as a nurseryman cultivating the largest collection in the country. I do not wish to be understood, however, as arrogating to myself any greater share of knowledge in rose Vlll INTRODUCTION. culture than can be acquired by all practical men. But it is not to these that I address myself. My humble aim has been to present to the unexpe- rienced lovers of the ROSE, a guide to enable them to select, cultivate, and propagate their favourite flower. The undertaking has occupied the greater part of my leisure hours for the past two years, during which period, observations made among the numerous collections of nurserymen and ama- teurs in this vicinity, induced me frequently to alter descriptions I had already written, colours varying to so great an extent in different soils and seasons. I have endeavoured to bring all my descriptions to the standard of a mere admiring amateur; ad- mitting that many roses resemble each other in colour and form, while to a practised eye they may appear very distinct in growth and other characters. The first season after planting, roses do not, in general, flower in all the perfection to which they can be brought after one or two years growth, taking that time to become thoroughly established. A few of the new kinds have bloomed but once ; a very accurate description of such can scarcely be expected ; and in some instances it may hereafter appear that I have not done full justice to their INTRODUCTION. IX real merit. Amateurs have hitherto found great difficulty in selecting from the catalogues of nurse- rymen. This treatise, we hope, may be found of service in assisting them to form their collections ; and the index of names, referring, as it does, to the character of every rose mentioned in the work, will, we think, prove especially useful. Incorrectness in the name of plants has long been a stigma on commercial gardening ; none can pretend to be quite immaculate in this matter, but all may become still more careful in avoiding these inaccuracies. Every nurseryman is now aware of the great responsibility resting upon him in correct nomenclature, and no honest man will condescend to contribute in spreading the practice of attaching a false name. On this point we think Philadelphia nurserymen are as free from reproach as any in the Union, and I may be permitted to add, that in rose culture they are adepts, living, as they do, as it were in a very hotbed of roses, fos- tered by the judicious management of the Horti- cultural Society, and encouraged by the patronage of the lovers of flowers, who, amongst us, are almost as numerous as the dwellings of our city and county. It would be ungrateful not to add INTRODUCTION. my sincere acknowledgments to all those to whom I am indebted for valuable information, and in an especial manner to a lady amateur, whose valuable services have frequently brightened our ideas. And finally, let me be allowed to place this humble offering under the patronage of the LADIES, trust- ing that their love of the subject will induce them to look over all deficiencies in the manner of treat- ing it, and hoping that' the views and experience of a practical man, honestly given, and in a style aiming at nothing but perspicuity, may be of some use to them. While it has been my object to pro- duce a manual adapted to the wants of every rose fancier, I have been especially anxious to make the task of selection an easier one to my fair patronesses, and if I succeed in assisting any of them in the choice or culture of a single rose I shall be satisfied; — or should I be the means of inducing some to enter the flowery paths of horti- culture, where healthful employment and innocent pleasures wait to greet them, my highest ambition will be attained. PHILADELPHIA, March, 1844. CONTENTS. ROSA ALPINA, The Boursault Rose, - - - 13 ROSA SEMPERVIRENS, The Evergreen Rose, - - - 15 ROSA BANKSIANA, The Lady Banks Rose, - - - - 18 ROSA MULTIFLOHA, The Multiflora Rose, - - - - - 20 HYBRID CLIMBING ROSES, - - - -23 ROSA RUBIFOLIA, The Prairie Rose, - - - - - 26 ROSA RUBIGINOSA, The Sweet Brier, - - - - - 31 ROSA LUTEA, The Yellow Austrian Rose, - - - - 34 ROSA SPINOSISSIXA, The Scotch, or Burnet Rose, - - - 36 ROSA CENTIFOLIA, The Provins, or Cabbage Rose, - - 38 ROSA CENTIFOLIA MUSCOSA, The Moss Rose, - •- - - - 42 ROSA GALLICA, The Rose of France, - - - - - 48 STRIPED, SPOTTED, AND MARBLED ROSES, - - 54 ROSA ALBA, The White Garden Rose, - - - - 58 ROSA DAMASCENA, The Damask Rose, - - - - 60 Xll CONTENTS. HYBRID CHINESE ROSES, - 62 PLANTING, - 72 GROWING ROSES FROM SEED, - - - 74 PROPAGATION OF GARDEN OR JUNE ROSES, - 78 PROPAGATION BY BUDDING, - 80 PROPAGATION BY GRAFTING, - 85 NOISETTE ROSES, - - - - - - 88 ROSA TNDICA ODORATA, The Tea Scented Rose, ' • " - - 106 ROSA LAWRENCIANA, The Miniature Rose, - - 134 ROSA BOURBONIANA, The Bourbon Rose, - - - - - 136 REMONTANTES, Hybrid Perpetual Rose, - - - - 147 PERPETUAL DAMASK ROSES, - - - - 152 ROSA MlCROPHYLLA, Small Leaved Rose, - - - - - 159 ROSA MOSCHATA, The Musk Scented Rose, - - - - 163 CULTIVATION OF ROSES IN POTS, For the Green-house or Rooms, - - 165 INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE ROSE, - - 168 PROPAGATION OF ROSES That Bloom all the Season, - - - - 171 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. ROSA THE BOURSAULT ROSE. THIS tribe takes its name from the late MODS. Boursault, a distinguished French amateur horti- culturist. They are the hardiest of the climbing roses — easily known by their long flexible shoots, of a reddish-purple colour, and withstanding with impunity the severest of our winters, flowering profusely early in the season; they may well be termed the harbingers of the rosary. They are well adapted for covering arbours or concealing outbuildings, walls, or any other disagreeable ob- jects. They are also frequently cultivated for stocks, whereon to bud other roses of more rare character, which purpose they will answer very well ; though a plant thus formed renders its dura- bility uncertain, being very liable to sucker, or throw out shoots from the ground, thereby taking away nourishment from the part of the plant which 2 14 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. most requires it; of course, all suckers or shoots below the bud or graft must be displaced. It was introduced in 1829-30. The following sorts are most worthy of notice : Jlmadis or Elegans are the same; of rapid growth, makes a most magnificent pyramid of rich purple ^crimson; the flowers are produced in clusters,, are perfectly double, and of considerable Duration, ".tvtite .Boiirsaulf, Blush, Bengal Flo- rida, Rose de Lisle, the same rose, known under all these, and even some other names ; the flowers are very large, of a blush colour, with a deep pink centre, pendulous, and very showy, but occasion- ally do not open well. Gracilis, is of slender growth, with bright pink flowers, not fully double, but very profuse. Inermis, has large bright pink flowers, in great profusion; grows rapidly, and is rendered the more desirable by having a little fra- grance, of which, with this exception, this group are entirely destitute. Purpurea, purple crimson flowers, little more than half double ; it is the most common of the tribe, and has been extensively cultivated and sold under the name of Purple Noisette, Maheka, Michigan &c., and is cultivated and sold from the flat boats on the Ohio and Mis- sissippi rivers under all these and several other names ; compared with the preceding sorts, it is not worth culture. Red or Pink is the oldest ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 15 variety with flowers only semidouble ; the colour is pretty, and its profusion, at a distance, makes up for deficiency of petals. The species Rosa Alpina is a native of the Alps, where its scrubby habit has little affinity to the rampant growers now described. They should have, wherever planted, plenty of space allotted for them ; for after being one or two years established, they will make shoots ten to twelve feet long. In pruning, the oldest wood should be cut out, merely to keep the branches from being too crowded : the flowers are produced from the wood of the preceding year. They will grow freely in any soil or situation, and will bear with impunity the severest winters of the northern states. ROSA SEMPERVIRENS. THE EVERGREEN HOSE. THIS rose anof its varieties, although very popu- lar in France and England, lose much of the cha- racter implied by the name when cultivated in this part of the United States, where they become deciduous, losing their foliage on the approach of severe frost. But in the more favoured southern 16 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. climes, they retain it during winter, and there grow and bloom in profuse wreaths or garlands, making them objects of great attraction in their season. They are in colour generally pale, making a de- cided contrast with the Boursault family. They grow rapidly, and are well adapted for arches, grottos, rockwork, pillars, or trellises. The foliage is of a peculiarly bright shining green. Adelaide d? Orleans has flowers of a pale rosy blush, very double and perfectly formed, in large clusters, valuable for blooming later than any of what are termed June Roses. Donna Maria, and Princess Maria, appear to be the same, or so nearly alike, that a distinction cannot be even faintly drawn. Flowers nearly white. Felicite Perpetuelle has been re- cognized under many names in Europe, but it is believed to be pure here : it is a very perfect rose, beautifully cupped, of a creamy-white colour, and when well grown makes a magnificent pyramid. Myrianthes is of the most regular form, being very double, and imbricated to the centre ; a plant covered with its delicate rosy coloured flowers is a charming object. It has been sftd (as its name imports) as a Noisette, blooming all the season, a character which it never merited, never had, and never will have. Sempervirens Pleno, a pure white, is our oldest variety, perfectly double, and a very desirable rose ; it is the parent of Noisette ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 17 Aimee Vibert, an association which will long pre- serve it from oblivion. Triomphe de Bollwiller, is a superb blush-white rose, very large, very double, in great clusters, and agreeably fragrant; in the south it is surprisingly fine, but with us it is rather tender. When this rose first made its appearance in France, it came out as the most beautiful of the "Teas;" after its more general cultivation it was placed among the Noisettes ; it now falls back to those sorts that only bloom once, where it is now distinguished under the name of Sempervirens odo- rata. After fourteen years travel through the French catalogue it is now set down where it should have been placed at first, a situation given to it by me four years ago. There are several other varieties of Rosa Sempervirens, but none of suffi- cient interest or distinction from the above to claim any detailed notice. In the southern states, this family, associated with Rosa Laevigata or Georgia Evergreen Rose, would make a very splendid group for covering fences, embankments, or any other ob- ject where a continual foliage was desirable ; they require very little pruning, and would soon cover a large space. They could be propagated by layer- ing to any extent; any good soil will suit their growth. They could also be used for covering the naked stems of trees with great advantage, in an ornamental point of view ; if used for such a pur- 2* 18 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. pose they will require a portion of manure dug into the ground about their roots every winter. In pruning the wood of several years old should be cut out, only laying in the young shoots their full length ; these shoots can be turned and twisted in any direction ; although it is decidedly best to lay them in straight and equal. ROSA BANKSIANA. THE LADY BA>KS ROSE. WHEN this rose first made its appearance in the time of Sir Joseph Banks, it was hailed with the greatest rapture by every lover of the tribe, and it was instantly complimented with the name of his lady. It is the states south of this where it must be seen to be pronounced the most graceful, luxu- riant, and beautiful of roses ; there it is a perfect evergreen, covering the ends, fronts, and, in some instances, the entire dwellings of many of the inhabitants, who name it the "Evergreen Multi- floral To us, the beauty of the plant is nearly lost, being too tender for planting in the garden, and when grown in the greenhouse, its beauty and luxuriance almost disappear. This thornless rose ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 19 is so perfectly double that it rarely produces seed. Although many European growers recognize and sell several varieties of Banksia Roses, yet there are only two, in our opinion, that deserve atten- tion; the others are hybrids, mere misnomers. One catalogue offers twenty-one varieties, all beautifully named, our goodly city being complimented by Philadelphia having a place in the list. The flowers are produced on the small twigy branches, hence it is important to divest the plants of any long rampant growth, that it may set forth, unless it is required to lay in to fill up any vacancy. The White Banksian Rose has flowers little more than half an inch in diameter, which are of the purest white, with a delicate pink centre of a very de- lightful violet perfume, and are produced in a pro- fusion of small clusters. The Yellow Banksian Rose has pale yellow, or straw-coloured flowers, in size rather larger than the white, being perfectly imbricated, and really gems of beauty, but without odour ; if either this or the white were to be seen apart from the plant, by the inexperienced, they would never be taken for a rose, so unlike are they to any of the tribe. Travellers inform us that these roses are cultivated in China, under the name of Wongmoue-heong, where a pink variety has been seen, for which as yet. we have longed in vain, but it may now be confidently expected from the many 20 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. Horticultural expeditions at present engaged in exploring that hitherto sealed country. ROSA MULTIFLORA. THK MULTIFLORA HOSE Is a native of Japan, and is consequently more hardy than the preceding family. Its name is as familiar to the ear as that of the rose itself. It was among the first that ever had any celebrity in this vicinity, and I have no doubt of its having been cultivated in this country thirty years ago. In dry soils it is tolerably hardy, and south of this per- fectly so. The flowers are produced in such pro- fusion that it has often received the cognomen of wreath-rose. The treatment and pruning may be the same as recommended for Rosa Sempervirens. Several varieties have been produced from it, which in some instances rivalled the original. JLlba is a blush white, in every character similar to the fol- lowing, except in colour. Multiflora is the name of the oldest cultivated sort. The flowers are per- fectly double, cupped shape, produced in clusters of a pretty pink colour, about an inch in diameter. When first brought into notice about Philadelphia, ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 21 it is said that twenty dollars were frequently given for a single plant. Floriculture has now more patronage, and thousands of admirers, so that the grower can afford to put every article at a very low rate ; indeed many roses, and even the one in ques- tion, can be purchased for as many cents, so that for this trifle every garden in the land may have a rose. Grevillia, or Seven Sisters, was at one period greatly esteemed and admired for its variety of character; although its singularity is still the same, yet its former admirers have transferred their encomiums to other more beautiful sorts. It is a fine grower, producing its flowers in large clusters, not two of which are alike ; opening of every shade, from pure white to deep purple. Indeed this rose has no compeer ; it produces its flowers single, semidouble, and double, and in such variety of shade and colour, that there are rarely two alike. An east or northeast situation suits it best ; other- wise the effect of its variety is greatly diminished by the direct rays of the sun. It requires a dry sheltered spot. Lcture Davoust is the climax of perfection in this family ; with all the aid of the imagination its beauty on a well grown plant can- not be pictured. The flowers are of various shades of colour, from white to a lovely deep pink, perfect in form, the clusters are immense, and produced from almost every eye of the strong wood of the 22 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. preceding year; it is of very strong growth, making shoots of twenty feet in one season, with very lux- uriant foliage, and is more hardy than the three former. For covering outbuildings, verandahs, columns, temples, &c., it has no superior. Russel- liana, Scarlet Grevillia, Russell's Cottage Rose, Cottage Rose, and I believe it is sold under some other titles besides, is considerably hybridized, but not so as to lose its character as a pillar rose, of which it is one of the best. I have pillars of it twenty feet high, forming, during the month of June, a very attractive object, having a profusion of flowers of the richest shades of crimson ; many of them being striped with white. From the base to the pinnacle it is one mass of glowing beauty. Perfectly hardy in our coldest latitudes, it has large rich green foliage, very distinctly and deeply nerved, the shoots are strong and erect, and will grow freely in any soil or situation. The old shoots only should be thinned out; the young wood ought never to be shortened unless locality demands it. The same style of pruning will apply to all the varieties of the Multiflora. This opera- tion should be performed early in the spring, before the buds swell, but never when the wood is in a frozen state. In more southern climates pruning can be done at any period, from December to January; but in the middle and eastern states it ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 23 should be undertaken as soon as frost is out of the wood, in February or March, and the plants tied or nailed at once to their respective supports. HYBRID CLIMBING ROSES. UNDER this head I have to place several sorts that have made their appearance, partaking of the habits of other families, but which, notwithstand- ing, cannot be properly classed with them. It is always a difficult point to decide on the connecting link between the various species and varieties of the rose ; they have now become so numerous by hybridization, sports, and other speculative features, that in many instances there is doubt where to place many choice sorts that are almost yearly brought to our notice. I will, however, in no in- stance, follow the path of others, merely because the track is made, but will, from observation, make all my own assertions, and give my own views, trusting that my readers will make allowances for soil, climate, and a difference of opinion on all subjects. Garland is a pretty white, producing its flowers in clusters, containing frequently from seventy-five 24 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. to one hundred, forming a conical corymb of about sixteen inches in diameter, the whole plant appear- ing in the distance like a pagoda of snow inter- spersed with foliage of the brightest green ; the growth is very rapid, making ten to twelve feet in a season. Madame d* Jlrblay , or Wells' White Climber, has been highly extolled ; in growth it is the giant of climbers, for strength and rapidity ex- celling any that I have seen; the foliage is also very strong, partaking, in that respect, of the Bourbon family. Its flowers are pure white, like the preceding, and produced in very large bunches. It is of a very hardy nature, and will withstand severe cold without being the least affected. For covering arches, arbours, or such erections, it has no equal : there is no doubt of its also being an excellent variety to propagate for stocks whereon to bud or graft the finer sorts of Bengal, Tea, or Bourbon Roses, having no appearance of being liable to sucker from the root. Ruse Blanche, or Bengalensis Scandens, is ap- parently a hybrid between some of the Semper- virens and Tea family; its very large flowers, about three and a half inches in diameter, perfectly double, of a waxy blush colour delicately suffused with white, are objects of great attraction, and admired wherever seen ; it is moreover a very early rose. Whoever has visited the celebrated ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 25 Bartram Garden, near this city, about the end of May or first of June, must have been struck with its beauty there, spreading nearly over the whole side of the dwelling, and covered with thousands of pendulous blushing beauties. The variety of names under which it is cultivated (even by indi- viduals that ought to see better) is really amusing. Rose and White Noisette, Striped Noisette, Indica Major, Walton Climber, a new rose from Natchez, and some others, of which I have no note. Ruga, or Tes*» Scented Ayrshire, is evidently a variety between the Tea Rose and the celebrated Ayrshire Rose, having the growth and habit of the latter, with a considerable portion of the delightful fra- grance of the former; it is of the most delicate blush colour, and tolerably double ; a profuse bloomer, and seeds freely. It does well as a pillar Rose, but has not wood nor foliage sufficient for covering walls or arbours. Astrolabe, Elegans, Hybrida, and some others of this class are not worth attention ; all these roses bloom only once in the season, but are of considerable duration, say six weeks in cool seasons, but tf in severe heat, their time of inflorescence will not exceed one month. The pruning and training recommended for Rosa Sempervirens will suit these. They are all fragrant, and a rosary cannot be complete without them. To grow them in perfection they require 3 26 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. rich ground on a dry bottom ; in such a situation, after being well established, they will make shoots twenty feet long in one season. ROSA RUBIFOLIA. THE PRAIRIE HOSE. THIS native is destined to convey to every hall, cottage, and wigwam of the Union, the Rose, the acknowledged queen of flowers. Its constitution is such that it will bear without injury the icy breezes of the St. Lawrence, or the melting vapours of the Mississippi. It was in 1837 that we first saw a double variety of this rose, although such has been cultivated in Ohio and Kentucky for many years. The flowers are produced in large clusters of various shades of colour from blush to deep rose, blooming with us from the end of June to the end of July, being a period of the year when there are few others in a flowering state, thereby filling up a space between the first and second blooming of the Noisette, Tea, and Bourbon families. The foliage is rough, large, and generally of a dark green ; the wood is strong and flexible, and for rapidity of growth has no equal. HOSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 27 I have no doubt that in good soil it would reach one hundred feet in a very few years.. It is admi- rably adapted for covering rock work, old build- ings, or any other object requiring to be hid; it also delights in a procumbent position, and can be used for covering naked spaces of rough ground, or even to make a flowery carpet of every shade of colour. For the following varieties we are in- debted to Mr. Samuel Feast, Nurseryman, Balti- more, who raised them from seeds of the native Prairie Rose. There is not a rose fancier but will thank him for opening a field for the hybridizer, in which the rose is to be cultivated to admiration, and blooming six months of the year, throughout every state of the Union. These roses will form parents to be impregnated with the more fragrant blooming sorts, such as Bourbon, Tea, Bengal and Noisette. We may therefore expect from them a progeny perfectly hardy, and blooming at least three or four times during the season. In general, rose-growing is confined to latitudes south of 41°; the Chinese varieties, and their hybrids, that bloom constantly, being too tender to bear winter exposure north of that line. When we can produce perpetual blooming hybrids from this Rosa Rubifolia, they will withstand every variety of climate, and per- haps may some day be seen covering the frozen hut of the Esquimaux. Baltimore Belle is a pale 28 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. blush, fading to nearly white, produces a profusion of very compact and perfectly double flowers in clusters of six to twelve. Beauty of the Prairies, Queen-of the Prairies, or Madam Caradori Allan, or Mr. Feast's No. 1, is certainly the best of the group, having very large rose-coloured flowers three inches in diameter, fre- quently showing a stripe of white in the centre of each petal. They are produced in clusters, in which they always appear cup-shaped, and stand for seve- ral days without being affected by our scorching sun. Its foliage is very large, of a dark green, wood strong and of luxuriant growth ; its bloom- ing succeeds to that of the Garden or June Rose, and is the link connecting its congeners with that family. Pallida, very pale blush, nearly white, perfectly double ; this rose appears to bloom finest when lying on the ground; in such a position it forms a solid mass of flowers and pale green foliage. Perpetual Michigan, very double, rosy purple flower, quite flat; this variety is said to bloom in the autumn. I have grown it two years, but it has not shown that tendency with me ; but I have no doubt that old well established plants will be found to give freely a secondary bloom. Su- perba appears to be the best of the pale varieties, is of very perfect cup-shape, blooming in fine clusters, and though very similar to Pallida, is ROSES/ THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 29 distinguished from it, by being more perfept, and flowering, I think, a few days in advance of that variety. It makes an elegant pillar rose. The above sorts are so very double, that they "seldom produce seed even by artificial aid. The variety called Elegans, which is generally grown in Ohio and Kentucky, and in some places called Chilli- cot he Multiflorct) has been cultivated here for five years; it is not so 'double, of a pink colour, seeds more freely, and when hybridized by the Perpetual and Chinese Roses, will give, no doubt, many varie- ties. I have now a few hundred plants, one and two years old, obtained in that manner, which exhibit in their growth great diversity of character, but have not yet bloomed. They are all very easily propagated by layering in July: give the shoot of the present year's growth a twist, and then bury the twisted part six inches under ground ; in November it will be well rooted, and can then be cut oif and transplanted in any desired situation ; the tasteful husbandman may thus cover every unsightly fence rail. Having briefly disposed of the tribes of Climb- ing Roses that bloom only once in the season, a few hints on their general culture will be in place. They will grow luxuriantly on any aspect or situation, provided they are not entirely shaded by trees over head. The roots of trees and plants gene- s' 30 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. rally are of a growth proportionate to that of their branches ; from this data, and experience proves it, we find that roses of strong growth make strong roots, striking deep into the soil, and extending horizontally in quest of food to a surprising length ; they require a rich soil, which, before planting, should be well pulverized and freely broken; it should be of a character inclining more to sand than clay; if the latter predominate it must be well incorporated with sand and old manure until it becomes of a friable nature. With two feet depth of such a soil, they will grow many years, and bloom profusely. When any decline is ob- served, it will indicate that they are in want of nourishment, which can easily be supplied by dig- ging in about their roots three or four inches thick of manure or rich compost. For such an operation the month of November to early in spring is the best period of the year. Wherever their situation may be, all the pruning they require is merely to thin out the wood where it is too crowded, and to keep it within bounds. I have seen fine plants of many of the roses now described totally ruined for one year by the free use of the knife. Where manure cannot be conveniently obtained, fresh soil from the woods or rich grounds will be of great service; an occasional watering with soap suds is also very beneficial to the rose. In city ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 31 gardens we have often seen a few inches of very common poor soil thrown over clay, old bricks, lime rubbish, &c., whereon roses were planted, and grew well the first season, but the following they made barely sufficient wood and foliage to keep them green ; the result was unsatisfactory, and the fault laid to the rose ; whereas the whole fault was in the preparation of the ground. "Any thing that is worth doing at all, is worth doing well/' is a maxim always to be kept in mind in all gardening operations. ROSA RUBIGINOSA. THE SWEET BIUER. THE Eglantine has been the theme of poets and lovers for many centuries. It is to be found in some sort growing wild in many parts of both hemispheres. To the flower there is no special beauty attached, being a very simple looking single pink blossom. Although there may be great beauty in simplicity, yet to admirers of the rose, singleness is at once an objection. The odour emitted by the plant after a shower, or when fresh with the dews of evening and morning, is certainly very grateful, 32 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. and even delicious. Wherever there is a hedge to be planted, it should have a few plants of the sweet brier interspersed ; it bears clipping well, and even a hedge of itself would prove a garden ornament rarely equalled, being of a lively green, and its many associations will make it always pleasing. To keep it within bounds, it can be freely clipped or sheared twice a year, and should not be allowed to get over four feet high. The plant grows in many of our woods, and is described by some American botanists, although others consider it to be an acclimated foreigner ; be that as it may, its fragrance and qualities are the same, and familiar to all. Growers and sellers have taken the advan- tage either by hybridizing or natural appearance, and have introduced to our notice Double Yellow Sweet Briers, Double White Sweet Briers, Double Red Sweet Briers, Celestial Siueet Briers, Double Striped Sweet Briers, and what will come next cannot be divined. Some of these are certainly well worth attention, and others are about as much like a raspberry bush as a sweet brier. However, the following may be cultivated, observing that they have none of the climbing character of the original. Celestial, very pale blush, approaching to white; flowers small and double; foliage small, and has a little of the spicy odour so agreeable in the original. It appears to ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 33 be a hybrid, between the Eglantine and the Scotch Rose. Rose Jingle has bright rosy red flowers, quite double, grows freely; foliage stronger than the preceding, and equally as fragrant. Double Ped, or Double Scarlet, has a stiff strong habit, with very large dark green foliage ; flowers of a dark rosy red colour, quite large and perfectly double ; its habit is quite dwarf and stiff. Double White Hip, or Siveet Brier; this is too different from the original to be classed with it; they are remotely connected. The growth is very strong ; we have plants seven feet high, making a very superb pillar ; the foliage is large, of a pale silvery green ; the flowers are very perfectly cupped, of a rose-white colour, pendulous, profuse and graceful. The Double Yellow Sweet Brier* will be nearly as difficult to find as the Yellow Moss; all I have seen with that name are mere interlopers, being the Rosa Harrisonii, Williams' Yellow Scotch, and some not even meriting the name of yellow. Strong shoots of the common sweet brier make very good stocks, to bud or graft upon, and are extensively used in England for that purpose. * The Austrian Brier, or, as it is called, Single Yellow Sweet Brier, is very common in many old gardens. The flowers are equally as bright as the Harrisonii, with one side of the petals, in certain stages, inclining to red. 34 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. ROSA LUTEA. THE YELLOW AUSTRIAN HOSE. BOTANISTS do not appear to agree in considering Rosa Lutea and Rosa Sulphurea as distinct species. But we will proceed regarding them as one. There are hundreds, if not thousands, of varieties of the rose family cultivated ; among such a progeny it is rather remarkable that there are so few yellow, and none black; yet there are no two colours more sought for. The Rosa Sulphurea, or Double Yellow of Lindley, has never been seen in a single state. It is a very old inhabitant of the gardens of Europe, though comparatively rare here. In Scotland, twenty-five years ago, I saw a plant of it, which was then considered a great curiosity, though it appeared to have been there a quarter of a cen- tury ; it always showed a profusion of buds, but rarely a well blown flower; it never felt the priming knife, being left to nature. History first notices it as being cultivated in Turkey. Nothing of its origin is as yet known, though supposition gives it a locality on the fertile soil of the Chinese empire. This fose has produced a great deal of money to the French venders, especially those ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 35 charlatans who make their market in strange places, where they never intend to appear again under the same. name. This rose has travelled from east to west as the Double Yellow Provins, Double Yel- low Moss, &c. The foliage is small, of a pale yel- lowish-green, the wood rather slender and weak, studded with small thorns; the branches spreading. There is a large plant of it that has been in the gar- den of the late Henry Pratt, Esq., near this city, for perhaps thirty years, and has never been known to produce a perfect flower. It is said that the gardens of Florence, Leghorn, and other parts of Tuscany, produce this rose in perfection, which proves that it requires a dry rich soil and an even temperature to bring it to perfection. The New Double Yellow, Williams' Double Yellow, and New Double Yel- low Sweet Brier, is only a half double rose, of a very pale sulphur colour, about an inch and a half in diameter ; a profuse bloomer, and of rather weak growth. It is said to have been grown from the Yellow Austrian, although I think it is more likely from a Scotch rose impregnated with that variety. It produces seed freely, and its capsule has more of the appearance of the Scotch than the Austrian Rose. Harrisonii, Hogg's Yellow, Yellow Sweet Brier. — This very beautiful yellow, and in fact the only yellow rose of this character that I have 36 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. seen worth cultivating, was grown by a Mr. Har- rison, near New York, about twenty years ago, and is evidently a seedling from the Yellow Austrian; its growth, after being well established, is quite luxu- riant, often making shoots six feet long in one season. The wood is of a dark reddish brown colour, with strong straight thorns, the foliage small, of a dark rich green ; the flowers open of a beautiful globular form, and appear like as many golden balls ; when open they are about two inches in diameter, and nearly double, blooming very early in the season, and in great profusion; it seeds rather sparingly, but will no doubt produce many fine varieties. It delights in a good deep loamy soil, although it may grow in any soil or exposure; seeds saved from it should be sown and protected with the greatest care, and at no distant period we may anticipate, from this very plant, yellow roses possessing all the requisites of colour and form that the amateur can desire. The pruning must be done very sparingly; if the plant gets crowded, thin out the branches ; the overgrown and straggling shoots can be shortened to any required length. ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 37 ROSA SPINOSISSIM A. THE SCOTCH, OR BURNET ROSE. THIS species of the rose takes its name from its being very thorny. It is in habit very much as- similated to the yellow roses, though of a more spiny or thorny nature. It has been found grow- ing in many of the Alpine districts of Europe, though it is generally known as the Scotch Rose, deriving its name from the fact of the first intro- duction of it in a double state having been by the Messrs. Browns, nurserymen, of Perth, (Scotland.) As a stimulant to rose growers, I will relate what I have heard from the lips of Mr. Robert Brown, who is now living near this city, and is the very individual who planted the seeds and distributed thousands of this rose through the floricultural world. He says, that "in or about the year 1793 he introduced to his nursery, from a hill in the neighbourhood, seeds saved from this rose, which produced semi-double flowers, and by continuing a selection of seeds, and thus raising new plants every year, they in 1803 had eight good double varieties to dispose of; being white, yellow, shades of blush, red and marbled; from these the stock 4 38 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. was increased, and hundreds of varieties obtained which have been diffused over all Europe." Seve- ral of them are cultivated in this country. We may safely assert that this patriarch of horticulture was the first to grow roses from seed on a grand scale half a century ago. He still lives in the enjoyment of all his faculties, retaining at his ad- vanced age much of his former originality of mind, and to him I am indebted for the communication of many practical facts, the result of his long and valuable experience. The original varieties of this rose are not esteemed by amateurs in this country. In my fifteen years practice as an American nurse- ryman I have not sold fifty plants of it ; but recent hybrids have given some of them a tendency to bloom three or four times during the season, causing them to be more admired, which will be noticed under the head of Perpetual Roses. In pruning, treat it as described for the Yellow Rose. ROSA CENTIFOLIA. THE PROVINS, OR CABBAGE ROSE. THIS very celebrated and justly popular rose has been an inhabitant of English gardens for nearly ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 39 three hundred years; its native country is rather obscure, though vague tradition says it comes from the east, a term of great breadth and length ; how- ever, Bieberstein asserts having seen it grow on the Caucasus. Some suppose that this is the rose men- tioned by Pliny as being a great fa'vourite among the Romans. In this taste the modern world still agree, for it disputes the palm of beauty with its sisters of the present day; although it has been crossed and amalgamated with many others, none of the progeny outvies the parent in size, beauty, perfection, and fragrance. In the humid air of Britain, it blooms, for two months in the summer, around almost every cottage ; but with us, two or three weeks in June display- every flower, and if the weather is very hot, they flower and fade in a day. I confess that there is great difficulty in deciding on the varieties that do belong to this species, but as we intend to describe only the finest, the specific character will not affect the quality. The Provins or Cabbage Rose takes its name from a town about twenty leagues from Paris, where it is extensively grown for distilling ; Cabbage, from the form of the rose, being of a large round cupped form, never expanding flat. Some suppose that its name is Provence, from a pro- vince in the south of France, of which it is said to be a native; the authority is rather vague, and 40 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. not adopted by the scientific. The colour is a clear delicate pink, the wood strong, distantly studded with thorns. The Unique, or White Provins, is a sported branch from the old variety, differing in colour, and also in the shape of the flower, being weaker, having the petals more crumpled, and not so cupped; the colour is pure white, though it is liable to sport, for I have seen it a pretty blush, and in some instances striped and margined. Belgic, or Dutch Provins, is even larger than the cabbage, being four to five inches in diameter; colour red; buds large and very splendid, and is the most common rose in the country — called the Cabbage Rose, from which it differs very materially in the wood not having such strong prickles, though of more free growth; the flower also expands fully, which the cabbage never does. Duchesne is a large blush, and a good bloomer, with well formed flowers. Duchesse a" Orleans is perhaps a little hybridized, and is a very splendid variety, of a bright rosy pink colour, inclining to blush towards the edge. It is a good grower and free bloomer. Belle Ruineuse is a beautiful light blush pink, very double, and finely cupped. Cricks, or Yorkshire Provins, has very much the appearance of the old Cabbage Provins, though a shade darker, and opens its flowers more freely. Crested Provins, frequently, though erro- ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 41 neously, called Crested Moss, is the very best of the group ; its striking peculiarity consists in the green silken mossy fringe surrounding the sepals of the calyx, as it were, half enveloping the bud — a regular moustache, far more elegant and beautiful in the estimation of refined taste than any of those worn by the exquisites of the day. Its bright rosy pink buds are large, the bloom opening very per- fect and pendant. If grown on a standard, about two to four feet high, the beauty is improved. This very curious rose is said to be a sport from the Provins Cabbage, and when fully expanded it might be taken for a fine variety of such, though the foliage is stronger, and of a better colour than the original. Reine Caroline may be placed with the provins, and will vie in beauty with any. It is desirable from its being about two weeks later than any of the preceding ; the flower is large, colour deep pink, varying to blush. It grows freely, and is a great bloomer. Grand Bercam is among the darkest, being a deep rose colour; flowers quite large, though not so perfect as some others. The Provins Rose has undergone so much hybridizing by cultivators, that it has, in many instances, been eclipsed in colour, growth, and habit, though few will say that it is excelled in beauty of form. The striped and hybrid varieties from it will come under their proper heads, the best of which will be fully 4* 42 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. described. They require a free rich loamy soil; close pruning, that is shortening the shoots of the preceding year to three or four eyes, keeps them in the best order; choosing the month of February for the operation. ROSA CENTIFOLIA, var. MUSCOSA. THE MOSS HOSE.* THIS much admired rose is unquestionably a mere variety of the Provins; although its origin remains in obscurity, it has been repeatedly proven to produce flowers, without any moss, on either buds, leaves, or branches. In 1836 a plant in my nursery had a large shoot on it that sported back to the Provins, and entirely destitute of its mossy coat. I believe that Sir James Smith mentions, in " Rees's Cyclopaedia," that in Italy it loses its mossi- ness almost immediately through the influence of climate. It was first noticed about the years 1720 * In very cold latitudes, where the thermometer falls fre- quently below zero, all the Moss Roses are better for being protected by dry leaves or a mat, except Luxembourg and the Perpetual White, which, I am informed, stand our most rigor- ous winters. ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 43 to 1724, and is mentioned by Miller in 1727. There is no rose that has been, and is still so highly esteemed as the Moss. It is figured and emblazoned in every quarter of the globe ; every rose that has the word moss attached to it increases in value, and this fact has brought many under this head having very little of its character; and among them all it is questionable if there is one so very beautiful in bud as the common Moss Rose, gene- rally known under the name of Red Moss, in con- tradistinction, I suppose, to white, for it is not red ; it is purely rose-colour, arid in bud is truly lovely, but when full blown it has no peculiar attraction. Blush Moss is in colour as its name indicates. The Crimson, Damask, or Tinwell Moss is, when opening, a shade deeper in colour than the common Moss, the foliage larger, wood stronger and more mossy, and if the old Moss Rose has a competitor, it is in this, •flngelique Quetier is a strong grow- ing plant, with rather singular foliage ; the flowers are very double, of a cherry red colour. Louise Colet is quite a new variety, with a double flower, of a delicate rose colour. Rouge, Rouge de Luxem- bourg Ferrugineuse, Vieillard and Luxembourg Moss; this brilliant Moss is known under all these names, and like all fine roses, it has many syno- nymes; the flowers are bright red, imbricated, and perfectly double ; the whole plant is very mossy, 44 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. and has a brown appearance; it is a free grower, and appears to do better in this climate than any of the others ; it seeds profusely without artificial means. I have several plants from it without any mossy appearance, and others distinctly mossy. JMalvina is also a free seeder ; the flowers are pink, very compact, but it will never gratify the nasal organ. Prolifere, or Mottled Moss, is a very free bloomer, though the mottled part of its character is not easily detected. It grows freely, and forms a fine variety of a deep rose colour. Oscar Foulard is yet a rare variety, and sells in Paris at eight francs ; it is very pretty, with com- pact flowers of a rosy violet colour ; the plant is very mossy, and blooms profusely. Pompon Feit, a very expressive name for this bright red minia- ture rose. It is highly prized by the French, and is now (1843) the highest prized Moss on their catalogues. It appears to grow well with us, but will never be admired at a distance. Ponctuee is only a half double rose, but beautifully spotted with white, and if impregnated with others, will make an excellent variety from which to grow new sorts. Provins Moss, or Unique de Proving, is a fac simile of the old Unique, or White Provins Rose, only mossed ; its habit is similar, and equally robust, with large white flowers, blooming in the same magnificent clusters ; it is yet quite rare, but ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 45 with the present facilities of propagating, it cannot long remain so. Perpetual Red Moss; this long dreamed of, and wished for rose, has at last made its appearance ; the wood appears of a very deli- cate growth, and quite short; how far it is to meet our expectations, remains yet to be ascertained ; the French extol it very highly. My correspond- ent has sent me a few plants, at a very exorbitant price, one only of which appears to be alive. %/Hice Leroi is another of the very new sorts; in growth it forms a great contrast to the Perpetual, being a very strong and free grower, and appears to suit our climate well; the flowers are large and very double, of a rosy lilac colour, and frequently rose edged with lilac. Pompon, or Moss de Meaux, is very small, and is the earliest of roses, blooms in clusters, of a delicate pink colour ; the plant is very dwarf, and difficult of cultivation, unless in a sandy rich soil, where it grows and holds permanently. Panachee Pleine, or Double White Striped Moss, has as yet produced flowers of pure white striped with pink, but it may be ex- pected (like many other striped roses) to produce flowers pure white or pink. I have often seen the old White Moss have one half the flower white and the other half pink. Sablee is only half double, of a bright rose colour, frequently spotted with red. Sans Sepalea is flesh coloured, the 46 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. edges of the petals pale rose, affording a very dis- tinct variety. The White Bath, or Clifton Moss, is a pure white, of rather delicate growth, and rather deficient in the " mossy coat" so much ad- mired in this tribe. If it had the beauty, while in bud, of the old moss, it would be an invaluable acquisition; it is said to have originated from a sportive branch of the common Moss Rose. In England, about thirty-five years ago, when it first " came out," it brought in the guineas at a great rate. La ff ay's Perpetual White Moss, or the Quatre Saisons Mousseuse of the French, is pure white, and is very pretty when in bud, which it produces in clusters. The expanded rose has no attraction, but the profusion amply makes up for this ; if grown in rich free soil it produces flowers the whole season; in such a soil I have a plant now (August) entirely covered with bunches of flowers. On paying a visit to a public sale last spring I saw it sold under the very enticing name of "The New White Cluster Moss." Such christ- enings are an injury to both seller and purchaser. The Moss Rose in this country is a plant of very difficult culture if not in a rich sandy soil ; but if it is once fairly established in a rich deep loam, it will make shoots six feet long ; when such can be ob- tained its permanency is sure. To encourage their growth, fresh soil, well incorporated with manure, ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUXE. 47 should be dug in about their roots every winter. The pruning must be done sparingly; if the plants are kept low they never do well, often dying off as soon as they have done blooming. I have lost three or four hundred in a single season by over- doing the operation ; but if they are kept in bushes four or five feet above ground they will grow ad- mirably ; they also delight in an airy exposed situa- tion. Moss Roses in variety are very scarce, even in Europe ; no establishment can supply them in any quantity. The new sorts 'are all budded on the French Eglantine, and form small trees, that require to be kept free from the suckers which push up from the roots, or the graft would be impover- ished and die. Rose trees are quite fashionable, but they must in no case be allowed to put forth any shoots below the bud or head of the . plant. Standard or tree roses trained in parasol or um- brella shape make very interesting objects, and the flowers they produce are all fully exposed to the eye, and appear as if almost floating in the air. 48 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. ROSA GAL LIC A. THE HOSE OF FRANCE. THIS rose takes its name from its great abun- dance in hedges and other uncultivated grounds in France. Some writers consider it " evidently the hundred-leaved rose of Pliny," so that it must have been long known in cultivation; and it is rather curious that the French should call it Rose de Provins, while the English give it the name of French Rose. It is a very great seed-bearer, and has consequently been much used by florists in crossing with other varieties to produce new sorts ; the results have been, hundreds, in many instances, more astonishing for their exalted names than for any other merits ; yet there are many of the most perfect character, composed of numerous and regu- larly formed petals, with colours of almost every imaginable shade. The distinguishing features of this family are strong upright flower-stalks, want of large prickles, rigid leaves, and compact growth. The colours vary from pink to the deepest shades of crimson. Nearly all the striped, mottled, and variegated roses have originated in this group ; the recent varieties and improvements of character ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 49 have gone beyond all calculation, and we may safely arrive at the conclusion that roses of every imaginable colour, except blue and black, will be in cultivation at no distant period ; and then it will be nothing remarkable to see white roses edged with crimson, and crimson edged with white ; even now I confess that to give even a faint description, is a task of considerable difficulty. It is a vast garland, every link of which shines out in harmo- nious variety ; but from this wreath I will cull only those of merit, and which will be always worthy of culture for some good quality. Jlfricaine, or Belle JJfricame, is one of the very darkest; if seen as soon as open it approaches nearer black than any other, but soon fades to dark crimson. The flower is very double and compact. JluroKa is a bright pink, of the hundred-leaved style, grows and blooms freely. Jlmourin has an agreeable rosy blush colour in its imbricated and perfectly double flower. Baron de Stael blooms perfectly, and always gives satisfaction, with its pale cherry coloured flowers, which are large and perfectly formed. Belle amabile, dark shaded red, always large and attractive, with bold full petals, and contrasts well with the shaded pink flowers of Bishop. Champion is quite new, with very bright red flowers, full and perfect, blooming freely. Car- min Brilliant is well and expressively named ; it 5 50 ROSES THAT BLOOM IX JUNE. would facilitate the love of flowers to a great de- gree if their names were always expressive of colour or character; but the title is often all the quality the article can boast of. Chardon Bleu, or, in other words, Blue Thistle; such a name for a dark slatey shaded crimson rose is preposter- ous; yet so it is. Coronation is very brilliant, nearly approaching scarlet, with bold full petals, a profuse bloomer, and perfectly formed. Due de Choiseul is a very distinct article; flowers freely, double, and well formed, of a pale rose colour, with a deep carmine centre. Elemensie is another very distinct variety, with large ex- panded flowers of a rosy crimson colour, growing and blooming freely. Eliza is a large blush, finely cupped, and a late bloomer. Eliza Leker is a beautiful pale rose, frequently a little marbled, but so very indistinctly that it must have been fancy in him who described it as such. Eclat des Roses; there are several roses cultivated under this loud name ; the one before us is a large bright rose, with bold and perfect petals, and always very double. Fanny Bias, or Fanny Parissot, is a great favourite, and has few compeers. Every one ad- mires it; the colour is also scarce in the family, being pale blush shading to bright pink towards the centre ; it is extremely double, and is greatly to be admired for its symmetry ; it is a free bloomer. ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 51 Gloire des Jardins is a large bright red, fully im- bricated, and always perfectly double. Hortense JBeauharnais, though described as Rose vif Ponc- tuee, is not worthy of that distinction ; these faint spots seen in it after close inspection, are too faint to be deserving of notice. Hercules, if it had not another quality but its delicious fragrance, should be in every garden. Its flowers are large, and bright red, expanding freely and fully double. Isabel and Proliftre are the same; very double pink, in clusters and in great profusion; one mass of pretty pink flowers. Juliana is also a pretty perfectly double pinkish red, one of those colours that the eye delights to rest upon. King of Rome, Ponceau Parfait, and Theodore de Crose; this very fine and perfect rose, like many others of first quality, has a plurality of names, and if it should have as many more they will not darken its bright red colour, nor disarrange its very perfect form. La Favorite is a bright cherry red, of good habit. La Negresse, not so black as its name implies, only a very superb double crimson, very large, expanded, and fully double. Madame Cottin, or Sophie Cot- tin, is a very large bright rose, and a free bloomer. Mohilida is a beautiful double pink, with a blush edge, very pretty and profuse. Matilda is another very handsome pink, and greatly admired; its closely imbricated petals and profusion are great 52 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. attractions. Nonpareil is another imbricated pink, but several shades darker than the former. Nar- bonne is quite a new rose, of a beautiful cherry purple, perfectly imbricated, a profuse bloomer, and of good habit. Ornement de Parade, an abundant blooming large pink, of rapid growth and strong habit. Polivetis is a very bright crim- son, of the crown form always admired. Philippe Quatte is a new pink rose, with very large flowers, having bold round petals ; though not so full as others, yet it is very desirable in a collection. Pourpre de Viennt blooms very early, of a distinct purplish blush colour, with perfectly double cupped flowers in great profusion. Queen of Violets is an old rose, but as scarce as if it only had origi- nated last season. The form is of the most per- fectly imbricated character, and the colour of a violet purple rarely met with. Ranunculus takes its name from being like that flower ; it is a great and persistent bloomer, of very double form, show- ing a profusion of mottled rosy purple flowers all over the plant. Royal Bouquet is of a crown form admired by all ; the colour is a bright soft pink, and for profusion it is equal to the preceding, and of the same habits. Saint Francois is a bright rosy pink of very neat form. Susannah is a clear red, contrasting beautifully with the former. Souvenir de Navarino is a delicate expanded pink, finely ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 53 double, and a certain bloomer. Tuscany ', or Black Tuscany, is not black, but of a very dark rich crimson; in richness of colour it has very few equals, and to behold it in its beauty it must be seen before the sun affects it. Its deficiency is want of petals, but it forms an excellent parent from which to procure seed ; for being profuse in pollen, you can always readily obtain it to impart to other sorts richness of colour. The varieties of Rosa Gallica are very numer- ous, and every year adds to the quantity ; they all do best grown on their own roots ; their growth is such as will require to be kept under with the knife, and they bear pruning much better than the Provins or Moss Rose. The best period for the operation is from November to early in the spring ; thin out the wood where it is thick, and cut back the young shoots to three or four eyes of the wood of the preceding year's growth. When the pruning of a plant is finished, there should not be one shoot crossing another, and every shoot or branch should stand free and straight. The plants require manure or rich compost dug in among their roots once a year, unless the ground is of a very rich nature ; in that case once in two years will be sufficient. If some of the plants are pruned in November, and others in March, or after the foliage begins to ap- pear, it will make about eight or ten days difference 54 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. hi their time of blooming. This practice is often resorted to in Europe, which greatly retards their bloom in cool or moist climates ; but with us the results are not so decisive, yet they are quite per- ceptible. Many of the sorts sucker freely ; in such cases the superfluous ones should be removed in the spring, and planted where wanted, or destroyed. VARIETIES OF ROSA GALLICA. STRIPED, SPOTTED, AJfD MARBLED. To Rosa Gallica we are indebted for nearly all these curiously spotted, mottled, and striped roses recently brought into cultivation. The very old Swarf Rosa Mundi is a pure Gallica, and is fre- quently confounded with the true York and Lan- caster Rose, which is a pure damask, and a strong grower; the former is the type of what we are about to describe, and although many have been imported by us under this class, I must acknow- ledge that there are few distinct enough with other perfect characters to merit the attention of the rose growing amateur ; all parti-colouring in the rose is greatly defaced by exposure to the full rays of the sun in a day of June ; it is necessary, therefore, to ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 55 see them as soon as open, or on a cloudy day, when they are in all their variegated perfection, •flndrb Tfiouin is purplish crimson, marbled, spotted with rose, tflrethusa is bright rose, distinctly spotted with blush. Berleze, or L'Mbe JBerleze, is a very double violet crimson, beautifully, though not very distinctly, mottled with rose. Bicolor is nearly scarlet, having a pure white stripe in each petal, and when half open is really very pretty ; though not fully double: it bears an abundance of seed/ and will produce, no doubt, many fine varieties. Camaieu is a pretty rosy lilac, distinctly striped with blush white, perfectly double, always opening well. Font ene lie is quite new, and a beautiful bright rose mottled with blush, perfectly double. Hersilie is a beautiful pink spotted with white, imbricated, and very double. La Nationals is of a bright rosy colour, striped or mottled with pur- plish crimson, but with a shower of rain and an hour of sun its variegation is lost. Monime is another very new sort, with very double bright rose coloured flowers, distinctly mottled with light purple. Malesherbes, or Melsherba, is more of a Chinese hybrid than a Gallica, and is the more desirable, as its growth is thereby improved; the flowers are very double, rosy purple, spotted with white. Minos is a very double bright rose, suf- fused with numerous small white spots, very dis- 56 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. tinct and perfectly double. Prince de Ckimay is of a rosy purple, very double, with large spots of rosy white. Panachee Pleine, as its name repre- sents, is fully double, striped rose and white very distinctly, and the full length of the petals ; but it is so much like the Panachee Double that the two are not desirable in the same collection. Dona Sol is a very new variety, with large, very double red flowers, shaded with crimson, and spotted with rose, of strong growth, and will be very liable to run into one colour in rich heavy soils. Jeanne Hachette is another rare novelty in this family; the flowers are almost as large as our old Perpetual Jeanne Hachette, but much darker in colour, being a red suffused with crimson spots. Oeillet Perfait has created quite a sensation in England, and is now advertised at the round price of one guinea. It is beautifully striped, like a Bizzare Carnation, with rose, red and white, is of a fine globular form, and considered one of the best of the group. Pourpre Striee de Blanc is a light purple, with numerous small stripes of white; flowers fully double. Renoncule Ponctuee is very double, beautifully spotted and marbled with rose, crim- son, and white; nothing in the division like it. Tricolor Sitperba is a double crimson, with large petals, shaded and marked with rose and white. Panache Double, Village Maid, or Belle Rubine, ROSES THAT BLOOM IX JUNE. 57 was the first of the fine double striped roses, and has been cultivated and sold under these three names ; the flowers are perfectly double, and very like a fine Bizzare Carnation, having stripes of deep rose, pink, and white, regularly over the petals, from the base to the apex. There have been introduced this season from France, several other roses of the striped kind, but they have not bloomed to enable us to give a de- scription of them, and the characters generally received with them are so extravagant (as well as the prices) that they require to be seen in bloom before they are served up to the better taste of our American rose fanciers. From the above it will be seen that this class of roses are rapidly multiplying, and with persever- ance and attention we may raise as fine kinds in this country as they do in France ; for they appear to seed in great abundance. The variegated varie- ties do not make such strong wood, generally speak- ing, as those of uniform colours, and we find that in strong and rich soils much of the diversity is lost ; it is therefore advisable to keep them in moderate soils inclining to a sandy nature, and their characters will be brightened and rendered more permanent, refreshing the soil every alternate year with manure or rich compost. The following sorts seed freely, arid can be impregnated with any 58 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. other sort that fancy may dictate, selecting those that have regularly formed flowers without being crowded with petals, Andre Thouin, Arethusa, Bicolor, Village Maid, and Tricolor Superba. Seeds from these will produce every imaginable variety, from blush to crimson. KOSA ALBA. WHITE GAUDEX HOSE. THE white rose of the gardens has been culti- vated from time immemorial. Although the origi- nal single white or blush has seldom been seen in cultivation, yet the double is very frequent, keeping ward at the door of the cottage, or towering by the window casements of our oldest homesteads. It is often called the white climbing rose. It must have been introduced^ by our pilgrim fathers — a fit emblem of their purity, and smiling memorial of the land of their nativity. It is rather remarkable that among the many new varieties of the rose, there are so few whites ; and those I will introduce- under this head, belong perhaps more properly to the Damask or Gallica species ; yet I am convinced they will be more in their place at the head of this ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 59 article than in any other division. Globe Hip, White Globe, or Boule de Neige of the French, is an English rose raised from seeds of the common white, a very pure white, fully double and of globular form ; a few years ago it was considered "not to be surpassed," but that prediction, like many others, has fallen to the ground, and now Madam Hardy is triumphant, being larger, fully as pure, more double, and an abundant bloomer ; the foliage and wood are also stronger. The French describe it " grande pleine, blanche, creusee :" or in other words, large very double pure white, and of a cup or bowl form. La Belle Augusta is a blush, changing to nearly white, fully double, a strong grower, and flowers profusely. Princesse Clementine is quite new, and very pure white, perfectly double, and has in its composition a por- tion of the Provins Rose. Reine des Beiges is a very pure and perfectly double variety, well de- serving its name. There are several other whites inferior to these, and not worth cultivating when better can be obtained. In pruning they require to be treated in the same method as Gallic Roses ; but budded plants, about two or three feet high, are great beauties; their beautiful soft white flowers are brought nearer the eye, contrasting agreeably on the foliage of the plant; they are all free growers, and require the knife to keep them thin 60 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. and in proper bounds ; they may in all other re- spects be treated as hardy roses. ROSA DAMASCENA. DAMASK ROSE, OR ROSE OF DAMASCUS. THE Damask Rose is frequently confounded with the Provins and Gallicas, which is not to be won- dered at when the mixture of the various species by impregnation is indiscriminately practised every year, often producing plants and flowers, about whose family scarcely two judges could agree ; but I will point out a few that still possess all the marks and characters of the pure species. They all have that delicious and agreeable odor so pecu- liar to the " old fashioned Damask Rose," and also produce their flowers in clusters ; they have a long succession of bloom, and by extra culture two or three of them have a tendency to bloom in the fall, and are called by the French "Rose des Quatre Saisons." They are all distinguished by long spreading branches thickly set with prickles ; the foliage is strong, of a pale green, and deeply nerved. Belladonna is a delicate pink and a profuse bloomer. Grand Triomphe is also a light ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 61 pink, very double, and crowded with bloom. Im- perial, a large blush flower, rather loose, but a very distinct sort. La Folie de Corse, bright rose, large and perfectly double. Leda is perhaps not a true Damask, but a very distinct and pretty variety, with white flowers edged with pink, "blanche bordee de rose." La Ville de. Bruxelles is very double, of a bright rose colour, with strong foliage. Mathilde de Mondeville is one of the sweetest of roses, of a delicate rosy lilac fading to blush, and blooms profusely. Painted Damask, in some soils may be such, but in my loamy soil it is always rose coloured, and not so well painted as the old York and Lancaster, which is often striped, and frequently one half pink and the other half white, carrying out the tradition, that on the extinction of the feud between the houses of York and Lancaster, this rose sprung up, with the one side pink and the other white. Monthly Damask is a bright pink, blooming in clusters and repeatedly during the sea- son if in rich ground, and is a general favourite. White Monthly Damask is not such a free bloomer as the former; these bear seed freely, and have been the parents of many of the roses known as Perpetuals. In pruning give them the same treat- ment as directed for the Provins and Gallica roses. 6 62 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. HYBRID CHINESE ROSES. UNTIL within a few years this division of the rose was entirely unknown. It has originated from seeds of the Bengal, Tea, and Bourbon roses, im- pregnated with pollen from the Provins, Darnask, Centifolia, and other sorts that bloom only once in the season. The progeny is greatly improved in growth, foliage, colour, and form of flowers, but deficient in the ever blooming tendency of one of the parents; this deficiency is, however, amply made up by the great beauty of the flower, its habit and diversity of brilliant colours ; they pre- sent a combination of the grand and beautiful, which must be seen to be fully realized; for pillars and trellising they are not surpassed ; the wood of many of them is very luxuriant, growing six to ten feet in a season ; the foliage, too, is always agreeable, being generally of a rich glossy green. Others of them are dwarf and very compact in their habits ; in fact they offer every shade of colour (none yellow, I believe,) from white to almost black; every variety of growth from one foot upward. Some of them seed abundantly, and there is no end to the variety that may be pro- ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 63 duced ; the greatest difficulty will be in choosing the best, and if the French growers would only extirpate from their seed-beds every plant that did not produce flowers of perfect distinction and sym- metry, our perplexity would be greatly diminished ; but instead of retaining only such, they introduce to our notice some distinguished title with a rose not worth a name. The group is also being de- molished, and ranking under "Hybride de Bengale, Hybride de Noisette, Hybride d* lie de Bourbon,7 departing from the foundation of all these, which is Rosa Indica, or the Chinese Rose. To give a full description of the sorts ranking in the above characters would occupy more of these pages than is allotted for this group, and we will content our- selves with naming the best. J2 Fleurs Blanches, Blanchefleur, or White Climbing Globe Unique, pure white, as its name indicates, is a very free grower, flowers perfectly double and abundant. Beauty Bouquet, very similar to the former, but not of such rapid growth ; the flower is also more compact. Becquet is a new variety, with bright rosy-purple flowers, perfectly double, and cup formed. Belle Parabere is one of the most mag- nificent roses for a pillar, making long flexible shoots, very luxuriant rich green foliage; the flowers are very large, finely formed, of a violet shaded crimson, and fragrant. Belle Theresa pro- 64 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. duces its rich dark crimson shaded flowers in clus- ters finely scented. Bon Ginneitre, very bright red, edged with violet, perfectly imbricated, an early and profuse bloomer, beautiful. Belle Marie, superb, large bright pink, very double, cupped, and sweet scented. Brennus, or St. Brenmis, is superb ; the flowers are extra large, of a glowing red, perfectly double ; it makes fine shoots, and is an excellent pillar plant ; it is the celebrated Queen Victoria Rose of Charleston, S. C. Blair ii is a very large blush, with a rose coloured edge; the petals are very stiff and bold ; the buds and flowers are both magnificent; it is an English rose, and said to be a seedling from the common Tea Rose. Catel is curiously shaded with red, crimson, and purple; it is perfectly double, of dwarf habit, and makes a beautiful bush. Celicel is a rosy blush, a very abundant bloomer ; the flowers are large and in clusters ; it seeds freely, and promises to be one of the best for hybridizing with other sorts. Chate- laine and Lanzezure appear to be one; shaded lilac, crimson, purple, and often very bright red, varying very much according to soil and situation ; the flowers are very double, large, and cupped; a strong grower, and makes a fine pillar rose. Cesonie is a large rosy pink, perfectly double, and makes a splendid dwarf rose. Cerisette is a very pretty profuse flowering bright red, almost approaching a ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 65 scarlet; flowers rather small, but very double and profuse. Coupe d'Hebe, " Hebe's Cup," is a deli- cate blush when fully expanded, of perfect form, large, a fine grower and profuse bloomer, with large glossy green foliage, and makes a fine pillar plant. Coup d'Jlmour is very pretty and very perfect, a bright rose colour and a dwarf grower. Due de Cases is a large rosy lilac changing to purple, very double, of a strong habit. D'