LIBRARY OF CONGRESS.
(mem eoce
Shelf Ball
| UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
Tin Le
bet Peat if mi Ai ant)
Wieno} Aaah TRNAS YS NURI icouyah : PHA NTE REN NCE DCT Oa LT HE Vy i EET eA oh NRO aan Dike lh
Vee REN Hse Al Wi
i
iH
ey
site Mi
He
im i] ih
on ON ae
my SNE
iio Wao Teed ‘ i
ry Ae
(a
Waa Apes il
AN
anys
Dy
THE ROSE,
Ae Ee PT OE
ON THE CULTIVATION, HISTORY, FAMILY CHARACTER- ISTICS, ETC., OF THE VARIOUS GROUPS OF ROSES, WITH ACCURATE DESCRIPTIONS OF THE VARIETIES NOW GEN-
ERALLY Sees
rae H. B. ‘ELLWANGER
WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY
GEORGE H.. ELLWANGER
REVISED EDITION
es aa ® 4 a a : } NEW YORK huys DODD, MEAD & COMPANY 1892
COPYRIGHT, 1882, By DODD, MEAD & COMPANY.
COPYRIGHT, 1802, By DODD, MEAD & COMPANY.
All rights reserved.
I DEDICATE THIS BOOK TO MY FATHER, GEORGE ELLWANGER,
WHO HAS DONE SO MUCH TO IMPROVE HORTICULTURAL TASTE, AND INCULCATE A LOVE FOR THE BEAUTI- FUL. HE HAS EVER TAUGHT, AND PROVED BY HIS LIFE, THAT MUCH OF THE PUREST HAPPINESS IS FOUND IN ACTIVE EMPLOYMENT IN THE GARDEN,
CONTENT s.
PAGE
INTRODUCTION, . ° - - . : 9-21
PREFACE, . : < ‘ ; ‘ >» 23-24 I.—CLASSIFICATION, . : . . 25—27 IIl.—Tue Famities oF Roses IN GEN-
ERAL CULTIVATION, . . 28-66 III.—TEcHNICAL TERMS, i : . 67-70 IV.—PosITION AND SOIL, . : ae 775
V.—PLANTING AND PRUNING, . . 76-82 VI.—MANURES, . : 2 . 83-86 VII.—INsEcTs AND DISEASES, : . 87-98 VIII.—PrRopaGATION, - 5 : - 99-106 IX.—ExXuHIBITING RosEs, s A . IO7-113 X.—RoseEs UNDER GLASS, . ; . 114-126
XI.—VARIETIES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES, 127-133
XII.—RAIsERS OF THE Best ROsEs, . 134-155
8 CONTENTS.
XIII.—Tue Seep PARENTS OF VARIOUS ROSES,
XITV.—PERMANENT Cotors. ‘Too-Mucu- ALIKE Roses. How To Dis- TINGUISH BETWEEN SIMILAR VARIETIES,
XV.—TvricaL RoskEs, . : XVI.—Raltsinc NEw VARIETIES, XVII.—PUBLICATIONS ON THE ROsE, APPENDIX—OLD AND NEW ROsSEs,
CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES, ; :
PAGE
. 156-161
. 162-173 - 174-185 . 186-198
. Ig9g-202 . 203-227
228-308
THE ROSE
I saw a Rose-bud ope this morn—TI swear The blushing morning opened not more fair. COWLEY.
INTRODUCTION TO REVISED EDITION.
=4a10 comprehensively and intelligent-
«| ly has the theme been treated in
the following monograph by one
nue Who was eminently qualified to aie it justice, that little remains to be said of the Rose in general. But during the past decade since “The Rose” was written by the late Henry B. Ellwanger, a host of new varie- ties have been produced and disseminated in the United States and in Europe. Those which have proven themselves most worthy to be retained have been included with their de- scriptions in the subjoined catalogue, the ad- ditional varieties being indicated by an aster- isk. Additional works on the subject, and magazines and periodicals relating to it, have also been carried out to date.
A review from the Century Magazine, en- titled “Old and New Roses,” which appeared the year following the publication of this volume, and but a month previous to the au-
10 INTRODUCTION. NE NA Sms eS EM, RP Ss thor’s death, has also been included, through the courtesy of the editors of that periodical. This essay, dealing as it does with numerous vital points connected with the development of the Rose, will be found most comprehen- sive and instructive, not only by the general reader, but by the skilled rosarian as well. Apart from these additions, the original text of the volume has been left as it first appeared. With the increasing love for flowers, year by year rose-culture has steadily advanced in this country where, in its extended and varied area, the climatic requirements of this flower are scarcely excelled, while its intelligent cultivation under glass is else- where unsurpassed. Indeed, cut-flowers of most kinds are nowhere grown to greater perfection, and nowhere are more expense and pains bestowed in their development than by the florists in the metropolis and the larger cities of America. For flowers are no longer considered a mere luxury to be en- joyed by the wealthy, but have come to be regarded as a necessity to the well-being of even the modest home. The sentiment ex- pressed by Jesse, “the passion for flowers is one of the most enduring and permanent of all enjoyments,” has not changed, but has rather been heightened a hundred-fold in
INTRODUCTION. II
these our modern days, in the same manner that an increased love for external Nature has become a marked characteristic of the age.
We are perhaps no nearer now than when the present volume was written in being able to decide upon the loveliest species and vari- ety of the Rose. Moreover, the best rose under glass is not the best rose grown out of doors; while, in any event, to pronounce upon color might be at the sacrifice of form and fragrance, in numerous cases—
The rose looks fair, but fairer we it deem For that sweet odor that doth in it live.
Even were a few kinds singled out from the multitude for a general estimate, each of which possessed exceptional claims for rec- ognition, the florist would decide upon one, the average person upon another; just as one might declare the Rose, another the violet, lily, or primrose the sweetest flower. To be restricted to any one form or color were irk- some, withal, even in the case of individual species—
Earth hath no princelier flowers Than roses white and roses red, But they must still be mingled.
The Rose is no exception to the charm of variety. Yet many of the fine old kinds are
12 INTRODUCTION. SECEDE AO als CA AR a ee Pa eR comparatively neglected, if not entirely lost, jostled and thrust aside by the increasing horde of newer aspirants. —
How many a country home owes its out- ward charm not only to its coronal of lilacs, honeysuckles, and snow-balls, its pomp of Pzonias, roses of Sharon and trumpet-vine, but to its climbing roses most of all—the blush-colored Baltimore Belle and rose-red Queen of the Prairies which festoon its pillars and entwine its arbors. Can any new variety exhale a sweeter perfume than the roses of our childhood—the old white Damask, pink Cabbage, and common Moss whose scented petals perchance remain fragrant still in the haunting essence of the rose-jar? Even the pink clusters of the rambling Michigan rose, and the spicy foliage of the Sweetbriar bring up an old garden with its pageant of daffo- dils, sweet Williams, snow-pinks, and Ma- donna lilies; its troops of columbines, lark- spurs, bearded Irids, and bachelor-buttons; its blaze of hollyhocks, tiger-lilies, dahlias, and sunflowers. The first June rose! emblem of summer, symbol of sweetness, hue of beauty—with each succeeding year it blos- soms fresh and beautiful as when Sappho crowned it with praise, and the nightingale wooed it in the gardens of Naishapir.
INTRODUCTION. 13
Fortunately, the Rose is not confined to summer, though the class known as “sum- mer’ roses is indeed fleeting. But many of the hybrid-remontants, which include a large number of the loveliest and most fragrant kinds, disburse a second autumnal bloom; while in the open air and under glass com- bined, the Rose in some of its multifarious forms may be said to bloom the year round. Essentially it is the flower of the year, as well as the flower of the poets.
Not every one can afford a greenhouse in which to grow flowers during winter; very many, on the other hand, may enjoy their culture in the open air. No garden, it goes without saying, however beautiful and how- ever rich its assortment of hardy shrubs and flowers, is complete without its June rosary. Like the majority of flowers and most things that are worth the having, the Rose, as the guerdon of its beauty, demands attention and loving care. Left to itself, enemies and scourges innumerable, from the first opening leaf to the last withered petal, come to prey upon it; not only marring its beauty but im- pairing its vitality. The rose-chafer, green- fly, leaf-roller, and rose-slug, to say nothing of mildew and the red-spider, are still as abundant as ever and require the same vig-
14 INTRODUCTION.
orous treatment of whale-oil soap, quassia, tobacco, hellebore, sulphur, and Paris green. A huge syringe, intended to be attached to the garden hose, and charged with any of these insect dynamos, according to the will of the operator, is a recent invention that will be welcomed by all rose-growers. Armed with this, it is claimed that death may be meted out by wholesale to the insect scourges, if the remedy be persistently applied. For in rose pests, one brood of insects is far from making a summer, and unremitting warfare is the price of abundant bloom and vigorous foliage.
As producers of new roses, the French con- tinue in the lead, though an extremely large proportion of recent French varieties are mediocre or useless for general cultivation, or resemble so closely other well-known sorts as to be of no increased value in themselves. The incentive to produce new kinds, it should be remembered, is especially great in France, where twenty-five francs apiece is demanded for a novelty which may be good, bad, or in- different, but whose description is invariably couleur de rose. Not that in the majority of cases they are sent out with the deliberate design to deceive—the Rose owes too much to Gallic intelligence, enthusiasm, and pains for
INTRODUCTION. 15
a charge of this nature to be made. But to the raiser, a new variety, fostered by his care and travail, naturally possesses enhanced at- tractions which may not be equally percepti- ble to the public; while new things are always apt to be more attractive at first sight than upon closer familiarity.
The English, who come next as producers of new roses, continue to send out some ex- cellent novelties; and, with our own growers, exercise better care and more reliability in selecting than the French. America has contributed largely those kinds suitable for forcing under glass; and of American roses produced of recent years, it may be said they are nearly all valuable as proved by general cultivation.
Among new roses there has been nothing better produced in their respective classes than Baroness Rothschild and Mme. Gabriel Luizet in pink, La France in silvery rose, Mabel Morrison in white, Maréchal Niel in yellow, Catherine Mermet in delicate blush, Gloire de Dijon in rose-salmon, Marie Rady in fragrant and vivid vermilion, and General Jacqueminot in its brilliant scented crimson bud. Other new varieties have been added, to be sure, possessing especial merits. Of distinct sorts recently introduced may be par-
16 | INTRODUCTION.
ticularly instanced: Zeas: Mme. Hoste (Guil- lot, 1887), Mme. de Watteville (Guillot-fils, 1884), Mme. Pierre Guillot (Guillot, 1888), Papa Gontier (Nabonnand, 1883), Queen (Din- gee & Conard Co., 1890), Climbing Niphetos (Keynes & Co., 1889), Climbing Perle des Jardins (J. Henderson, 1890). Mybrid Remon- fants: American Beauty (Hon. G. Bancroft, 1885), Earl of Dufferin (A. Dickson & Sons, 1887), Gloire de Margottin (Margottin, 1887), Lady Helen Stuart (A. Dickson & Sons, 1887), Mrs. John Laing (Bennett, 1887). Hybrid Ru- gosa: Mme. G. Bruant (Bruant, 1888). Sour- bon: Mrs. Degraw (Burgess, 1887). Hybrid Tea: Meteor (Bennett, 1887). Polyantha: Clothilde Soupert (Soupert & Notting, 1890).
Of the numerous varieties produced since the present volume was written, few possess greater claims to recognition than the rose raised by the author.and named by him after the distinguished pomologist, Marshall P. Wilder—one of the most fragrant, beautiful, and free-flowering of the hybrid-remontant class, and equalled by few roses as an autum- nal bloomer. By many, American Beauty, supposed to be a cross from Mme. Victor Verdier and a Tea of unknown origin, is re- garded as the finest of roses. In its class it is certainly unrivalled, with its immense fra-
INTRODUCTION. 17
grant blossoms, beautiful violet-red color, long stems, and luxuriant foliage. But it is essentially a rose for growing under glass, and cannot take the place of numerous old- time favorites as an out-of-door flower. Of comparatively recent introduction, Papa Gon- tier, in like manner, is greatly prized by florists for winter forcing, though to the ama- teur it scarcely takes the place of its deli- ciously-scented rosy rival, Bon Siléne.
The improvements in the Rose may be best understood on comparing the monographs and catalogues of the present day with the lists of a half-century ago, and more espe- cially with the lists as given by the old garden- masters like Gerarde, by whom it is extolled as “ deserving the chiefest and most principall place among all floures whatsoever.” How would Herrick and Waller have hymned its praises could they have beheld and savored the roses of to-day! For what improvements have not been made in the Queen of Flowers since the Elizabethan poets sang, “ Go, lovely rose,’ and “Gather ye rosebuds while ye may!’
So many varieties now exist, however, that growers should exercise redoubled care in sending out anything as a novelty which does not possess intrinsic merits of its own. It
2
18 INTRODUCTION.
may still be reiterated that among the thou- sands of varieties included in the genus Rosa, there exist far too many similar colors, and, equally, too many varieties whose color fades with the first warm sun, though many of the latter class prove more satisfactory when grown in a moist, cool climate. There might be an abundant weeding of varieties possessing a purplish-magenta shade, to the decided advantage of both growers and gar- dens. Too little attention also is paid in the raising of new varieties and in deciding the merits of exhibition roses, both here and abroad, to one of the most precious virtues of the Rose—fragrance—
.. . Lhe coming rose, The very fairest flower, they say, that blows, Such scent she hath.
A blue rose has not yet been produced. But it is not improbable that in the evolution of this favored flower, a variety with a pro- nounced bluish cast, at least, will some day smile upon its sisterhood, the result of the skill of the hybridizer, or the work perchance of the wandering bee. The most recent ex- periments of the hybridizer, in this case Lord Penzance, is a cross known as hybrid sweet- briars, the fragrance of the leaves of the par-
INTRODUCTION. Ig
ent species being transmitted to the hybrid. Of these seedling sweet-briars, the result of various crosses, those crossed with hybrid perpetuals or remontants, hybrid Chinas, and hybrid Bourbons, have proved to be free au- tumnal bloomers with highly-scented flowers in clusters, a scent quite independent of that of the foliage. ‘These flowers, to which an award of merit was accorded by the Royal Horticultural Society the past season, range over many beautiful shades of color, and al- though they- have not shown great tendency to become double, two rows of petals being the maximum, the idea of achieving double- ness has not been given up.
As to the question of budded roses versus those grown on their own roots, there still exists a difference of opinion. In the case of certain kinds desirable in themselves, but not over-robust in habit, the budded rose, i.e., the variety budded on Manetti stock, endures better the heat of summer, produces more abundant bloom, and forms a more vigorous plant. Of roses for forcing in this country, the following may be mentioned as represen- tative kinds, although in respect to choice of varieties, florists differ somewhat, in different localities; while even in the same locality some succeed admirably with certain kinds,
20 INTRODUCTION.
where others fail. A large proportion of the following are grown by nearly all leading florists throughout the country: Zeas: Bride, Bon Siléne, Catherine Mermet, Mme. Cusin, Mme. Hoste, Mme. de Watteville, Niphetos, Papa Gontier, Perle des Jardins, Sunset. Hybrid Teas: Duchess of Albany, La France, Meteor, Souvenir de Wooton. Hybrid China: MagnaCharta. Hybrid Remontant: American Beauty, Anne de Diesbach, Baroness Roths- child, General Jacqueminot, Mabel Morrison, Mme. Gabriel Luizet, Mrs. John Laing, Paul Neyron, Ulrich Brunner.
When well grown under glass, few roses equal Souvenir de la Malmaison for its deli- cate refined beauty, and the delicious attar-of- rose fragrance exhaled by its flesh-colored pet- als—a fragrance observable in a less degree in Caroline de Sansal and some other varieties. _ Maréchal Niel, in like manner, has no equalin its splendid yellow full-blown flower, and its ' highly Tea-scented perfume; but it is unfortu- nately limited to a single lode of gold during the season. With regard to odors, great vari- ety exists among the different kinds—some recalling a luscious fruit in their particular fragrance, others exhaling a spicy aroma, and others still comparable to nothing else but the pure uncloying odor of the Rose itself.
INTRODUCTION. 21
As for out-of-door roses, who may state the favorites among so many of the fair? Let each one decide their merits for himself; and, revelling in their wealth of beauty as it un- folds with each recurring blossom-tide, re- peat with Omar:
Look to the blowing Rose about us—‘‘Lo, Laughing,” she says, “into the world I blow, At once the silken tassel of my Purse
Tear, and its Treasure on the Garden throw.”
GEORGE H, ELLWANGER.
ROCHESTER, Oct., 1892.
ae
a
Rather Hy Wee ie sie
CW ence
PREFACE.
4j;) HERE have been so many works on the Rose produced within the past twenty years, several of them
being very valuable and interest- ing, that a few words may not be out of place, to explain why it was thought desirable to add tothenumber. The most useful of these compilations are English works, but the dif- ferences of climate, etc., render necessary, for this country, a modification and change in the directions for culture. The same rea- sons will lead us to select a somewhat differ- ent list of varieties for general cultivation from what would be chosen by English Ro- Sarians; besides all this, there is the expect- ant feeling which impels all authors, that the half has not been told, that in a subject like this no compilation can ever be deemed per-
24 PREFACE.
fect or final. New varieties, new classes and types, are being produced; by experience we learn that modifications of old-established principles are often necessary, and therefore fresh gleanings from the Rose garden will ever be acceptable and interesting when coming from observing and loving devotees of La Reine.
While, therefore, this book neither expects nor desires to supersede its predecessors, it asks admission to their fellowship, hoping that it contains enough that is distinctive and of merit to be considered companionable.
H. B. E.
MOUNT HOPE NURSERIES, ROCHESTER, 1882.
Teka Bo ICO) STs,
Me
CLASSIFICATION.
fercyaerO two books, treating of the rose, = exactly agree as to the different groups under which roses should J} be classed, and those who expect some slight variance in this work from what has preceded it, in other compilations, will not be wrong in their conjectures.
There has been such an infinitude of crosses made between different groups, by means natural and artificial, that it would be rather remarkable to find two writers who would assign the same varieties through- out, to the same classes. So it is that, by the various conjectures and opinions of the different authors, much confusion and perplexity has been engendered. Some, in order that the character of a variety
25
26 THE ROSE,
may be known as nearly as possible, form many groups, classes, divisions, and sub- divisions—enough to make the head of the reader swim ina sea of perplexity; others, in order to avoid a multiplicity of groups, narrow the classification to a few divisions, and, in so doing, bury completely the distinguishing characteristics of a variety. The former, besides arranging Hybrid Per- petuals into groups of Hybrid Noisettes and Hybrid Teas, further divide them into such groups as Hybrid Bourbons, Rose de Roso- mane, Rose de ‘Trianon, etc. The latter would place all these among Hybrid Perpet- uals. I confess to leaning towards this lat- ter class; but where we have distinguishing characteristics that are very marked, and other new varieties of the same or similar peculiarities are following, it seems desir- able to provide a distinctive name and divi- sion for them. Thus, when Guillot intro- duced La France, it was appropriately placed among the Hybrid Perpetual Roses, although known to have originated from the seed of a Tea Rose. It would have been unwise to make a class for the exclusive benefit of this beauty, trusting that worthy companions might in the future be found for her; but now that we have Cannes La Coquette, Ches-
CLASSIFICA TION. 27
hunt Hybrid, Mme. Alexandre Bernaix, and those of Mr. Bennett’s raising, it seems not only desirable but necessary to group them by themselves. The same is the case with the Hybrid Noisettes; both of these classes are being added to annually, and are now of very great importance. On the other hand, such groups as the Hybrid Bourbons are rapidly receding from prominence, and in order to simplify matters their disintegration should be made complete; the different varie- ties that are deemed worthy of being retained can be placed among the Hybrid Perpetuals or the Bourbons, according to their more prominent characteristics.
II.
THE FAMILIES OF ROSES IN GENERAL CULTI- VATION.
PART I—SUMMER ROSES.—Those which bloom but once during the season, in the months of June and July.
CLASS 1.—CLIMBING OR SARMENTOUS ROSES.
The Ayrshire Rose (Rosa Arvensis Hybri- da).—These roses, of English origin, are of slender, rapid growth, having five leaflets, often running fifteen or twenty feet in one season, and are of use in covering buildings, unsightly objects, etc. They are somewhat less hardy and less valuable than the hybrid climbers and prairie roses. They do not re- quire rich soil, and should be pruned very little, or not at all. Bennett’s Seedling, Queen of Ayrshires, Queen of Belgians, and Ruga, are the leading sorts.
The Banksia Rose (Rosa Banksia) is a na- tive of China, named in honor of Lady Banks by the botanist Robert Brown. It was
28
ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 29
brought to England in 1807. The flowers, very small, resembling double cherry blossoms, are produced in clusters early in the season, and have, generally, a decided violet perfume; indeed I doubt whether many persons, if blindfolded, could by the odor distinguish them from violets. The wood is very smooth, slender, and of rapid growth. The leaflets are often but three in number, are long, dark, and lustrous. Not being hardy they can have no great value at the North, but in the Southern States they form), a very’ desirable group. The best known sorts are Alba Grandiflora, Fortunei, White and Yellow. They should be spar- ingly pruned.
Loursault Rose (Rosa Alpina).—This is a distinct but worthless group, which receives its name from M. Boursault, a Parisian rose amateur. Most of the varieties are free from thorns and have long, flexible, reddish- colored shoots. Amadis, or Crimson Bour- sault, is the one most esteemed.
The Evergreen Rose (Rosa Sempervirens), with seven leaflets, has much in common with the Ayrshire, but is characterized by dark green foliage, which is retained till dis- lodged by heavy frosts; they are of the same hardiness as the Ayrshires and require the
30 FHE ROSE.
same freedom from the pruning-knife; the knife should only be applied to cut out en- tirely shoots that require thinning. There have been several pretty varieties of this group sent out, but Félicité Perpétuelle is perhaps the best representative, and the only one we would commend for cultivation.
flybrid Climbing Roses (Rosa Hybrida Scan- dens).—This class takes in those sorts for which it is difficult to find a group where they can be appropriately placed; it gathers in waifs and is a kind of orphan asylum, a place of refuge for the abandoned and un- known. No varietiesin this group are of any great value; the old sorts, Mme. d’Arblay and the Garland, once the best known, are now almost forgotten. Those which are most grown are Fortune’s Double Yellow, re- cently sent out under the name Beauty of Glazenwood, and La Saumonée.
The Many-Flowered Rose (Rosa Multifiora), five to seven leaflets, is a native of Japan, in- troduced into England by Thunberg in 1804. It flowers in clusters, and continues for some time in bloom; the flowers are double, small, and of no great beauty. The shoots have comparatively few thorns, which come in pairs. De la Grifferaie is in England con- sidered valuable as a stock on which to work
MOSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION, °31
the climbing teas and some other roses; we believe it may be good for this, it is not good for anything else. Grevillia, or Seven Sis- ters, generally sent out under the latter name, is propagated to considerable extent in this country, and is principally called for by tree peddlers, who make large sales of it, by means of exaggerated colored plates, accom- panied by untruthful descriptions. It is as tender as the Tea-scented Noisettes, and is in every way inferior to them.
The Prairte Rose (Rosa Setigera or Rubi- folia {[erroneous]) is much the most valuable of all the non-remontant climbers. It is indigenous to the country, being found in Michigan and many of the Western States. Seeds of the common variety were sown about 1836, by Messrs. Samuel and John Feast of Baltimore. The seedlings from this sow- ing were fertilized by surrounding flowers, from some of the best varieties of roses grown at the time, and from this lot came Baltimore Belle and Queen of the Prairies, the two best-known sorts. The foliage is rough, large, 5 to 7 leaflets, generally of a dark green color; for rapidity of growth they equal or excel the Ayrshires, and sur- pass all other climbers in hardiness. They bloom in large clusters late in the season,
32 LT OSE,
when other summer roses are past and have gone their way, and succeed overa greater extent of territory than any other climbers. Although decidedly inferior in quality to the Tea-Noisettes and Climbing Teas, their hardiness and superior vigor of growth make them of great value where the more beautiful members of the sisterhood are too delicate in constitution to be made useful. When, then, it is desired to cover walls, trellises, old trees, unsightly buildings, ete., with roses, none will be found to do the work so efficiently as varieties of the Prairie Rose. It is very de- sirable that further development of this im- portant class should be found; we should endeavor, by artificial fertilization, to pro- duce hybrids, blending Hybrid Perpetual, Bourbon, and Noisette with the Prairies. This, with the more double varieties, is some- what difficult, as I[foundin experiments made under glass last winter. I attempted to fer- tilize blooms of Baltimore Belle, Gem of the Prairies and Queen of the Prairies, by differ- ent varieties, such as General Jacqueminot, Safrano and Solfaterre, but the only seed I obtained was from one bloom of Gem of the Prairies fertilized by General Jacqueminot. The pistils of the Prairie Roses are glued to- gether, as it were, and make fertilization
ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 33
very difficult; Gem of the Prairies, itself a hybrid, is the only one on which seed is often found in the open air, therefore we should probably be far more successful in making crosses by using some of the more single varieties.
The most desirable of the class are Anna Maria, Baltimore Belle, Gem of the Prairies (the only variety that is fragrant), Queen of the Prairies, and Triumphant. Baltimore Belle is the most beautiful, but seems to contain some Noisette blood, which makes it less hardy than the others; itis sufficiently robust, however, to withstand all ordinary winters. The Prairie Roses, like all climb- ers, should be sparingly pruned.
CLASS 2.
Austrian Brier (Rosa Lutea).—This is a na- tive of the South of Europe, having single flowers, of a yellow or coppery-yellow color; leaflets 7 togin number. The shoots are of a chocolate color, well fortified with spines. It is very hardy, and from its color and hardi- ness offers inducements to the hybridizers, but they will find some difficulty in getting it to seed. These roses must not be severely pruned or there will be an utter absence of
flowers; it is only necessary to cut away 3
34 MIE, SRO SIH
shoots that are decayed or need thinning and merely pinch the tops of shoots that are left. It is a small but interesting family, and gives us the only hardy yellow roses that are of value. There are three varieties worth growing, the Copper, Harrisonii, and Persian Yellow. The foliage of this class has a slight odor like the Sweet Brier.
The Damask Rose (Rosa) Damascena) is found native about Damascus and various portions of Syria, from whence it was brought to Europe about1573. Itis ina large degree the founder of the Hybrid Perpetual Roses. From this class, and also from the Provence, most of the rose-water is distilled. The Damask have pale green leaves (5 to 7 leaf- lets), green shoots, with numerous spines, are of vigorous growth, and very hardy; the flowers are mostly flat, of light colors, and very fragrant. They need but little pruning.
Mme. Hardy and Mme. Zoutman are the only ones worth cultivating; they are both very valuable white roses, albeit the first- named is “green-eyed, like jealousy, en- vious, it may be, of the latter, who, though not of such a clear complexion, is free from ocular infirmities.”
The French Rose (Rosa Gallica), in spite of its name, has not been traced to any country,
ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 35 but is generally credited with being a native of Europe. - It is very hardy, of compact growth, requiring close pruning.
The varieties in this class have very dark leaflets, 5 to 7 in number; though beautiful, they are superseded by various Hybrid Per- petuals of the same shade, and can no longer be recommended except for large collections. The best of them are Boule de Nanteuil, Oeillet Flamand, an odd, striped variety, and Triomphe de Jaussens.
The Hybrid China Rose (Rosa Indica Fybri- da) has arisen from various crosses among the French, Provence and other summer kinds, with the China, Noisette, and Bourbon Roses. Fora long time the varieties of this class were our most beautiful and cherished roses, but, like nearly all of the summer sorts, they are outshone and outlasted by various Remontants. In this connection it may be remarked that about one-fourth of the roses which are sent out as Hybrid Perpetuals should properly be placed among the Hybrid Chinas, for the flowers which they produce in autumn are the exception and not the rule. A Hybrid Perpetual may be described asa Hybrid China which blooms more than once during the season; if this classification were carried out, we should to-day be growing
36 THE ROSE.
many more Hybrid Chinas and many less Hybrid Perpetuals. Raisers dislike to call a new variety Hybrid China, if by any stretch of the imagination, or from having seen a bloom during the autumn, they think people can be persuaded that they are getting a Remontant. Tocallanew variety a summer rose is to sound its death-knell, and no amount of adjectives in the superlative de- gree can resuscitate or afford it sufficient stimulus for more than a brief existence. People no longer buy summer roses, at least ninety-nine out of one hundred do not, dur unless the description of the raiser particularly states to the contrary (that they are free au- tumnals) they are, all the same, pretty likely to get anumber of them, and in the course of a few years will discover that many beauti- ful roses which they bought for Hybrid Per- petuals are simply summer roses which oc- casionally, or very rarely, grudgingly yield a few autumn flowers. Inthis book, therefore, many varieties will be found described as Hybrid Chinas, which are catalogued, by nurserymen, as Hybrid Perpetuals.
On account of the diverse parentage of the varieties in this group, coming from so many different classes, there is great dissimilarity in the appearance of the different sorts, but
ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 37
most of them are rapid growers, with long, flexible shoots; smooth, luxuriant foliage; large, rather numerous, thorns; globular or cup-shaped flowers, which are freely produced in their season. Those of vigorous growth, and most of them are sttch, require but little pruning. Many of them make beautiful Pillar Roses and can be used as climbers in posi- tions where extremely rapid growth is not required; in such places they make the best summer climbers that we have.
“It is time, I think, for some alterations in the nomenclature and classification of the rose. When summer roses—roses, that is, which bloom but once—were almost the only varieties grown, and when hybridizers found a splendid market for novelties in any quan- tities, new always, and distinct zz name, the subdivisions yet remaining in some of our catalogues were interesting, no doubt, to our forefathers, and more intelligible, let us hope, than they are to us. Let us believe that it was patent to their shrewder sense why pink roses were called Albas, and roses whose hues were white and lemon were de- scribed as Damask. Let us suppose that they could distinguish at any distance the Gallica from the Provence Rose, and that when they heard the words Hybrid China,
38 THE ROSE.
instead of being reminded, as I am, of a cross between a Cochin and a Dorking fowl, they recognized an infinity of distinctive attributes which estrange that variety from the Hybrid Bourbon in the most palpable and objective form. But now that these summer roses are no longer paramount—rapidly disappearing, on the contrary, before the superior and more enduring beauty of those varieties which bloom in summer and autumn too; now that several divisions formerly recognized are gone from the catalogues, and others include but two or three able-bodied roses on their muster-roll—it would be advisable, I think, to ignore altogether these minor distinctions, and to classify as summer roses all those which bloom but once. Not without a pain- ful sigh can we older rosarians witness the removal of our old landmarks—not without a loyal sorrow do we say farewell to friends who have brightened our lives with so much gladness; but we cannot long remember our losses, surrounded as we are by such abun- dant gains, and the tears of memory must pass away as quickly as the dew in summer.’*
We think within a few years the suggestion of Canon Hole will be partially carried out by nurserymen in their catalogues, but it
* S. Reynolds Hole.
ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 39
would yet be well to keep in separate groups the Summer Climbers, the Austrian Brier, and Moss Roses. What remains of such old classes as the French, Provence, Damask, Hybrid Bourbon, etc., may well be grouped with the Hybrid Chinas.
The best of the old Hybrid China roses are Chénédollé, so called from a member of the Chamber of Deputiesin France, a vivid red of large size; Coupe d’Hébé (who would not quaff nectar from this?); Mme. Plantier, a val- uable white rose for massing and for hedges; and Paul Ricaut, still one of the most beau- tiful roses—alas that it blooms but once!
The Moss Rose (Rosa Centifolia Muscosa) is believed to be a sport from the Provence Rose, and was introduced to England from Holland, about the beginning of the seven- teenth century. They are distinguished from other roses by the moss-like substance which surrounds the flower-buds, and by the marked Provence scent. The shoots are thickly covered with small spines. They are very subject, as a class, to mildew, and, with a few exceptions, require close pruning, rich soil, and high culture. On account of their beautiful buds they are great favorites with every one, and form decidedly the most valuable group of all the summerroses. The
40 THE ROSE.
finest varieties of the race are Common Moss, Crested, and Prolific or Gracilis. Most of the kinds have 7 leaflets.
The Provence Rose (Rosa Centifolia Provin- cialis), or Cabbage Rose, is supposed to have been known to the Romans, and derives its botanical name from the great number of petals or flower-leaves. Its origin is not known, but growing abundantly in Provence, the South of France, it has received that name, though the French themselves always call it by the botanical name of Rose a4 Cent- Feuilles. Their habit is somewhat drooping and straggling, the foliage massive; the flowers are generally of globular form and of delightful scent, so that to say a variety is as fragrant as the Cabbage Rose is commenda- tion enough, so far as scent is concerned. This class demands good culture and close ptuning; though but few in numbers, it was formerly an important group, and will ever be remembered through the Common Pro- vence, or Cabbage Rose, a variety which, though blossoming but once, should be found in every collection of any size. None others are worth cultivating except the highly scented Crested Provence, which is better known as Crested Moss and appropriately placed with the Mosses.
HOSHS IN GENERAL €CULTIVATION.. 4t
The Sweet-Brier (Rosa Rubiginosa), or Eglantine, with 7 leaflets, is found growing wild in different countries, but the variety known as Common Sweet-Brier, a native of England, is the only one worth growing. It is almost needless to remark that the pink flowers, which are single, possess interest only for the botanist or artist; it isthe leaves of the plant which are so attractive to gen- eral cultivators. After a warm spring shower, or when moistened by the morning or evening dew, the foliage gives out a de- lightful perfume, suz generis, equalled by few rose-blooms. Any garden of consider- able size should certainly contain a few plants of this favorite rose of the poets; they may be planted individually, or in hedges, as they bear clipping without injury.
The Scotch Rose (Rosa Spinosissima), called by the French, Rosier Pimprenelle, is, true to the botanical name, the most thorny of all roses; but, though possessing some merit, has almost passed out of cultivation. It isa native of England and Scotland, and many varieties have been raised from seed and sent out by Scotch nurserymen, the names of which are quite forgotten, most of them de- servedly so. They are of compact growth, very hardy, generally 9g leaflets, and produce
42 TALES FRO SE,
small flowers very early in the season; they require but little pruning. Thetwo varieties which are perhaps most grown are two hy- brids, Stanwell’s Perpetual and Souvenir of Henry Clay (raised in America); these give a few flowers in autumn in addition to those in spring.
PART I1.—PERPETUAL OR AUTUM- NAL ROSES.—Blooming more than once during the season, many of them continuously from June to November, or until cut off by the frost.
CLASS 1.—SARMENTOUS, CLIMBING OR RUN- NING ROSES.
All of these will thrive in any ordinary, good garden-soil, that is free from standing water. The more vigorous varieties should have but little pruning; generally to thin out branches that crowd the others will be all the knife-work required.
flybrid Climbing Roses (Rosa Hybrida Scan- dens) are of modern origin and come from various sources; the greater number are sports of various Hybrid Perpetuals; several of them have an extra vigor of growth at the expense of freedom and size of bloom, but one variety, Climbing Jules Margottin, is not
ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 43
only one of the strongest growers among them, but yields fully as many flowers and of quite as good quality, as the parent plant. None of them make growth enough to cover large buildings, but for growing on a trellis or pillar they are very desirable. We are likely to have many valuable additions to this class in the near future; it is already an important group. Besides Climbing Jules Margottin, the most valuable members of the group which we have tested are Reine Marie Henriette, Princess Louise Victoria, and Climbing Victor Verdier. The former was raised from the Climbing Tea, Mme. Bérard, fertilized by General Jacqueminot; it is a highly scented red rose, somewhat resem- bling Cheshunt Hybrid, and though not a free autumnal sort will give a number of blooms throughout the summer months. Climbing Victor Verdier differs mainly from the parent in being of stronger growth, the flowers are somewhat smaller, and less freely produced. Climbing Edward Morren, Bessie Johnson, and Mdlle. Eugénie Verdier are new varieties which we have not seen in flower but are well spoken of. Other varieties in the class are Catherine Bell and Red Dragon. Glory of Cheshunt, raised from Charles Lefebvre, is a new variety sent out by G. Paul, of Ches-
44 THE ROSE,
hunt, England. We saw this in flower, dur- ing a visit to Cheshunt in August, 1880, and were very favorably impressed with it; should it succeed as well here as there, it will be the best rose of the class. It is a vivid crimson, freely produced, and of vig- orous growth; it must be a natural hybrid, or cross, as no seedling of Charles Lefebvre yet produced will compare in vigor of growth with this new sort.
The Microphylla or Small-Leaved Rose (Rosa Microphylla) is a native of China, and was brought from there to England in 1823. The leaf-stalks are covered with numerous small leaflets, which give a name to the class. They are not quite hardy and have with one exception but little value. Alba or Alba Odorata seems to have some Tea blood; the flowers are a pale yellowish white, often pure white, and highly scented. This is a valuable rose south of Washington.
The Notsette or Champney Rose (Rosa Mos- chata Flybrida) is of American origin. From the seed of the White Musk Rose fertilized by the Blush China (Bengal), John Champney, of Charleston, South Carolina, raised a variety which was called Champney’s Pink Cluster. A few years after, Philippe Noisette, a florist, also of Charleston, raised from the seed of
BOSE SAIN GENERAL GOLTIVATION. ‘45
Champney’s Pink Cluster a blush variety, which he sent to his brother, Louis Noisette, of Paris, France, under the name of Noisette Rose, not giving credit to Mr. Champney, as the originator of the class, which has ever since borne the wrong title of Noisette Rose. Louis Noisette received it about the year rol7e) Lhese roses, originally, “had the characteristics in a great measure of the old Musk Rose, such as scent and a tendency to bloom in large clusters. The group is natu- rally of strong growth and nearly hardy, but the varieties which are now commonly grown have generally Tea blood in them, and have therefore lost much of their hardiness as well as the habit of blooming in clusters.
Among the true Noisettes, Aimée Vibert (Scandens) is decidedly the most valuable; the flowers are small but pure white, suffi- ciently full, of beautiful form; the foliage is a dark lustrous green; growth vigorous. Others belonging to this division are Admiral Rigney or Eugéne Pirolle, Beauty of Green- mount, Caroline Marniesse, Fellenberg, Ophirie, Pumila, Washington, Woodland Marguerite. None of these will have inter- est for small cultivators, excepting perhaps Pumila, and this is somewhat more tender than the rest. Among the Tea-scented Noi-
46 THE ROSE.
settes we have some superb roses, which have far more substance, and are much more beautiful, than those named above, albeit less hardy. They make magnificent climbers under glass, and some of them succeed fairly well at the North out of doors, if given shel- tered positions. In the Southern States they are by far the finest climbers that can be grown. Maréchal Niel, which is said to have been raised from Isabella Gray, according to general opinion, is at once the best Noisette, the finest yellow, and the most beautiful variety of any class that has ever been sent out. Chromatella is another superb yellow, in beauty of flower but a few degrees re- moved from the Maréchal; but she is shy of her charms, and unless carefully treated will not display her beauty. If you would have flowers in profusion from any of these roses, you must keep away the pruning-knife, ex- cepting when it is necessary to cut away shoots altogether. Dr. Kane and Isabella Gray are two lovely roses of American origin which demand the same skill in management as Chromatella. Solfaterre is the most use- ful yellow of them all; it is hardier, of better habit, and more certain to flower than any, and the blooms are but little inferior. Be- sides all this, it makes the best stock on
mOSES IN GENERAL COLTIVATION. 47
which to bud Teas, or Hybrids from the Teas, of any that I am acquainted with, sur- passing that excellent stock and parent variety, Lamarque. I should advise all per- sons who wish to grow Tea Roses, under glass, planted in borders, to put out plants of Solfaterre, and on these, after they have made sufficient growth, to bud all but the vigorous growing Teas. Maréchal Niel and all the Gloire de Dijon type of Teas are im- proved by being worked on this stock. Be- ing much less hardy than the Common Brier, it would not be so good a foster-parent for the Teas which are worked out of doors, but under glass I know of nothing equal to it. Lamarque isa superior old white rose, which has somewhat goné out of cultivation; but this should not be, for it retains the ciuster- ing tendency of the race and produces an immense quantity of flowers during the season. It is a noble rose. Nearly all the fine Tea-Noisettes are traced back to Lamar- que. Besides those already named, we have Céline Forestier, Mme. Caroline Kuster, Triomphe de Rennes, and W. A. Richardson, all fine yellow roses, of healthy habit and easy of cultivation.
The Polyantha Remontant Rose (Rosa Poly- antha) was brought from Japan about the year
48 THE ROSE,
1865, by Robert Fortune, and is distinguished from all other classes by its panicled blooms. This peculiarity is not generally retained, however, when crossed with other roses, at least not in most of the varieties which have been sent out as seedlings from it. M. Jean Sisley, the eminent horticulturist of Lyons, says of this class: “It appears not to have _ crossed any of the other types with its own pollen. Ina bed I made two years ago, with the seed in question (without practising arti- ficial fertilization), I found pure Eglantines. I would therefore recommend rosarians to try artificial fertilization on the other types, as, if we could get Tea-scented Bourbons, and Perpetual Hybrids with flowers in pan- icles, we should change the whole aspect of the rose garden, and in a most interesting way modify the rose genus.”
We believe some of the French rosarians have acted on this suggestion, and that they have in a measure been successful in produc- ing roses with these characteristics, as in the two varieties Paquerette raised by Guillot- fils, and Anne Marie de Montravel raised by Rambaux and Dubreuil. In August, 1880, when in Lyons, we saw a very pretty variety of this group raised from a seedling of Poly- antha crossed by a Tea. The blooms, which
ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 49
are of a very delicate salmon-pink, are freely produced and highly scented. If it proves to be of good habit, it will be a charming variety for bouquets, etc. It has since been named Mdlle. Cécile Brunner. These three sorts are the only ones of value as yet sent out; all are remontant, which is not the case with the parent variety.
The Climbing Tea Rose (Rosa Indica Odo- rata Scandens) is a class, or division, so dis- tinct from the other Teas, that it requires a place for itself. Nearly all the varieties cat- alogued in this division are descendants of Gloire de Dijon, but hybridizers are making great progress of late, and it is probable we shall soon have varieties from other strains and outcrosses to be added to the list of Climbing Teas. The origin of Gloire de Dijon is unknown. It was raised in the South of France by Jacotot, and sent out in 1853, creating a great furor in rose-circles. My opinion is, that we have in this a natural hybrid produced from the seed of some strong growing Tea, or Tea-Noisette which had been impregnated by a Bourbon of robust habit. Gloire de Dijon andits offspring are of vigor- ous growth when once established, but the young plants require a long time (if grown from cuttings) before they have vitality
4
50 LLL. LOSE.
enough to push into strong growth. It is therefore a great advantage to obtain them worked on some other stock, such as Solfa- terre, De la Grifferaie, or seedling Brier. The foliage is very large, thick, and lustrous; thorns comparatively few; the flowers are of large size, globular shape, full, and with some fragrance. None of the progeny are quite equal to the mother variety in freedom of bloom, hardiness, or fragrance; Marie Berton, a superb pale yellow rose, ranks second. Nextin order come Belle Lyonnaise, Mme. Trifle, and Mme. Bérard, this last being too much like Gloire de Dijon to be valuable inasmall collection. The new variety, Reine Marie Henriette, which might be classed with these, has already been mentioned and de- scribed among the Hybrid Climbers. This sort, unlike the Gloire de Dijon race, will make strong plants grown from cuttings, rooting and growing as freely as General Jacqueminot. Besides these varieties, we have climbing Devoniensis, a sport from old Devoniensis and identical with it in flower, but of much stronger growth. Except Climb- ing Devoniensis they are more than half- hardy, and will do well out of doors in posi- tions that are sheltered.
ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 51
CLASS 2.—AUTUMNAL NON-CLIMBERS.
The Lengal or China Rose (Rosa Indica) is a native of China which was brought to Europe some time during the eighteenth century. Two varieties were introduced, the Blush China and Crimson China; from these a great number of seedlings have been taised, many of them crosses from Teas. Two groups are often made of these roses, but there is no necessity of this, as very few differ sufficiently to make two divisions de- sirable. They are of moderate, branching growth, with foliage and flowers both small. They require a rich soil and close pruning; thus favored, they give perhaps a greater quantity of flowers during the season than any other class. They are not hardy and have no fragrance, but in spite of this area very valuable group on account of the pro- fusion of crimson buds which are furnished by such sortsas Agrippina. A bedof Agrippina, on a lawn, is a most desirable thing; none of the other crimsons are quite equal to this old sort, from whatever point of view they be considered; among them, we note Eugéne Beauharnais, Fabvier, Louis Philippe. The leading varieties of lighter shades are Cels Multiflora, Clara Sylvain, Ducher, and Mme.
52 TATE ARO SIE,
Bureau. Two varieties of the class which have marked peculiarities are Viridiflora or Viridiscens, andJamesSprunt. The former is probably a sport from the old Blush, or one of its immediate descendants; its peculiarity consists in green flowers which are freely produced; though curious, it is not attrac- tive, and it possesses little value, save as a curiosity. James Sprunt originated in the year 1658. ‘Rev. James M.'sprunt, D.D,, a Presbyterian clergyman of Kenansville, North Carolina, divided some strong plants of Agrippina. Afterwards he observed a single shoot from one of these plants growing vigorously without flowers or branches; it grew over fifteen feet before it showed any flower buds, the rest of the plant retaining its normal characteristics. This shoot branched out very freely the following year, and cuttings taken from it invariably retained the same climbing habit. The flowers of James Sprunt are somewhat larger and fuller than Agrippina, but are, of course, not pro- duced till the plant has made considerable growth. Itisa valuable greenhouse climber. What are called Fairy Roses are miniature Bengals; we do not consider them of any value, the Bengals are small enough.
The Bourbon Rose (Rosa Bourboniana) was
ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 53
obtained from the Isle of Bourbon and taken to France (either seeds or plants) in the early part of the century. It was noticed growing ina hedge of Bengal and Damask Perpetual Roses, and on examination proved distinct from either, but seemed to have characteristics which pertained to both. It has been considered therefore as a natural hybrid, a product from these two groups. Except in the case of varieties strongly im- pregnated with Tea blood, this class is sufficiently hardy to withstand all but ex- traordinary winters; the tops may be black- ened by the frost, but shoots will push forth from the lower buds. The varieties vary greatly -in growth and other features, but most of them are of vigorous habit, and have dark, lustrous foliage. The flowers are gen- erally of light shades and found in clusters, and are specially valuable in the autumn, when so many Hybrid Perpetuals belie their name. But it must not be overlooked that many Bourbon Roses are also shy autumnals, though mention of this is seldom made in any of the catalogues, and the impression is therefore general that all Bourbon Roses pro- duce flowers freely in the autumn. There are several well-known sorts, like Dupetit Thouars, Sir J. Paxton, etc., that will not
54 THE ROSE.
produce flowers in the fall of the year at all, unless specially pruned and treated. Those which are of moderate growth require rich soil and close pruning; such are Hermosa, Queen of Bourbons, Souvenir de la Malmai- son, and the new Queen of Bedders, all ex- cellent varieties worthy a place in a small collection. The stronger growers need to have less wood removed, but must have moderate pruning. The best of them are Apolline, Comice de ‘Tarn-et-Garonne, Duchesse de Thuringe, Edward Désfosses, George Peabody, and Malmaison. If these have the shoots moderately cut back so soon as each is through flowering, they will give a succession of flowers from June until cut off by the frost. Souvenir de la Malmaison is the general favorite of this group, but I con- sider Apolline as the most valuable; it flowers with the same freedom as Hermosa, when cut back as directed above, and has large cup-shaped blossoms of rosy-carmine that are very attractive. Nocollection can be complete with this variety left out.
The Hybrid Noitsette Rose (Rosa Noisettiana fiybrida) is a comparatively new group of con- siderable importance. The varieties of this class generally, though not always, flower in small clusters and bloom very freely through-
ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 55
out the season; they are of about the same degree of hardiness as the Bourbons—that is, will winter with perfect safety if given some slight protection, such as hilling up earth about the plants or covering them with a loose litter or evergreen branches. It is not easy to ascertain the origin of this class, but the varieties are mostly from crosses of Bour- bon on Noisette and wice versa. ‘They all re- quire pretty severe pruning. The most beautiful in the class are Madame Noman, Mdlle. Bonnaire, and Eliza Boelle, a trio of white roses which might well represent the three Graces. There is too strong a resem- blance between them to make all desirable in a small collection, but it is difficult to know which of them toreject. Our own pref- erence inclines towards Madame Noman. These are the most delicate in habit; of the stronger growing varieties which partake more of the Noisette character, Coquette des Alpes, Coquette des Blanches, and Mme. Auguste Perrin are most noteworthy. Baronne de Maynard, Madame Alfred de Rougemont, and Madame Francois Pittet are worthy a place in collections of considerable extent.
The Hybrid Perpetual, or Hybrid Remontant Rose (Rosa Damascena Hybtida) is by far the
56 Ti) VIGO SL,.
most valuable, if not the most beautiful, of all groups of roses. The first varieties sent out were mostly from crosses of Bour- bons upon Damask Perpetuals and Hybrid Chinas; afterwards crosses were made with varieties of Provence, Damask, and French roses upon Bourbons, Bengals, and Teas, and vice versa. ‘The progeny of these was then recrossed with different classes, and so it is we have a group of the most heterogeneous character, combining the good and bad quali- ties, in greater or less degree, of nearly all thelotuers:) here are certain iby pes im) tits group which gather together many varieties, in which the relationship to some one sort is readily discerned, as the Jules Margottin type, General Jacqueminot and its progeny, and the La Reine family; but there is a vast number of sorts whose kinship cannot be traced; this is owing to the fact that the greater number of varieties have been raised from mixed seed, where no record was made of the names; and also that in many cases, where the seed of different varieties was sown separately, there has often been a carelessness in making such a record, de- pendence being placed on the memory alone. So that many varieties whose parentage is given are oftentimes not properly traced;
ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 57
it being made a matter of conjecture, or left to fallible memory to recall. The varieties differ greatly in all their characteristics, and so require somewhat different culture and treatment. Those that are of vigor- ous growth, as in other classes, need much less pruning than those of dwarfed habit, for if cut back too severely they run too much to wood. There have been hundreds of varieties of this class sent out, and the number of new sorts somewhat increases each year. Eugene Verdier, of Paris, has been foremost in the dissemination of new sorts, and it will be interesting to take note of the number of varieties offered by him, including those of his own raising, for a few years back. Im 1872 he offered for sale thirty-nine new Hybrid Perpetual Roses, eight of them his own seedlings; in 1873 _ he offered forty-five, ten of them his own; in 1874 he offered forty-six, ten of them his own; in 1875 he offered forty-eight, twelve of them his own; in 1876 he offered thirty- four, ten of them his own; in 1877 he offered forty-one, ten of them his own; in 1878 he offered forty, ten of them his own; in 1879 he offered forty-two, eight of them his own. There are, of course, several new sorts each year which M. Verdier does not get hold of;
58 THE ROSE.
including these, it will be seen that there are not less than forty-five new Hybrid Perpetual Roses introduced each year; perhaps one- fifth of them are worth growing, certainly not more. The rest, either from being in- ferior in quality to old-established sorts, or from too great similarity to them, are ulti- mately consigned to the rubbish heap. No satisfactory selection can be made from this innumerable class, except as made for some special end, and having some prominent features in view. We therefore give special chapters to a consideration of the best Hybrid Perpetuals for special purposes, in which the various merits and peculiarities of different varieties are discussed at some length.
The Hybrid Tea Rose (Rosa Lndica Odorata Hybrida) isa new group produced from cross- ing Teas with Hybrid Perpetuals. This isa class but yet in an incipient state; within a few years it is likely there will be a great number of varieties where now there are but few; it is also to be expected that there will be various and distinct types among them. Indeed among those we already have, La France, Cheshunt Hybrid, and Beauty of Stapleford show almost as marked variations as could be found among any Hybrid Per- petuals. In these three, we have La France,
MOSES IN GENEKAL CULTIVATION. 59
which, with a perfume peculiar to itself, is the sweetest of all roses, and equal to any in the profusion of bloom; Cheshunt Hybrid, which shows the Tea blood in its foliage more than in any other way; what fragrance it has is more like that of Alfred Colomb or Prince Camille than like a Tea; it seldom shows a flower after the first of August; and Beauty of Stapleford, entirely without scent, but with a decided resemblance to the Teas in foliage, appearance of the flowers, and profusion of bloom. These roses must prove more hardy than most of the Teas, but more susceptible to frost and of more delicate con- stitution than the majority of the Hybrid Remontants. Certain ones among them, as La France, Duchess of Connaught, and Vis- countess Falmouth, combine beautiful flowers with great profusion of bloom and intense fragrance; such are the kinds that give value to the class, and unless raisers can supply new varieties in the group which combine these three qualities, they should be with- held as unfit to send out. Jean Sisley, Cap- tain Christy, and Beauty of Stapleford may have value now, while the groupis yet small, but being devoid of scent are not varieties to pattern after. Captain Christy occupies a somewhat equivocal position in this class,
60 THE ROSE,
being seeded from a Hybrid Perpetual Rose (Victor Verdier) fertilized by the Tea Safra- no, while all the others are seeded from Tea Roses fertilized by Hybrid Remontants; but it seems eminently proper that at least all direct crosses between the two classes, no matter whether the seed parent be Tea or Hybrid Perpetual, should be grouped with the Hybrid Teas. These roses are all of moderate growth, and must have close prun- ing and be grown in rich soil. Most of them (ten varieties) were sent out in 1879 by Mr. Henry Bennett, of Stapleford, England. It is not yet known how desirable they will be for out-of-door culture, but for forcing under glass afew of Bennett’s raising are proving to be of some value. They seem to produce as many flowers in the season as do the Bengals, excelling many of the Teas proper in profusion of bloom. Beauty of Stapleford and Duchess of Westminster furnish very pretty rose-colored buds, which are unfor- tunately scentless. Duchess of Connaught, ata first glance, might readily be mistaken for La France, having much the same shade of color, but the flowers are somewhat smaller and of rounder form; it is the only variety which resembles La France in per- fume. Jean Sisley does not open well in the
ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 61 house, and isa scentless variety of rather a muddy shade of color; we do not consider it of value. Nancy Lee is highly perfumed and gives lovely formed buds, but it is of very delicate habit. Michael Saunders and Viscountess Falmouth are two sorts of con- siderable substance, highly scented, which we consider valuable introductions; the latter has a delightful blending of the perfumes to be found in the parents President (Tea) and the Moss Soupert-et-Notting, the odor of the Moss predominating. Duke of Connaught and Hon. George Bancroft are two dark roses, which will be more valuable to the florist, if sufficiently vigorous, than all the rest; the former is the deeper in shade, but, in spite of its breeding, is without scent; the latter, though of lighter color, is highly perfumed; both give beautiful buds. Pearl is a small rose with a distinct Bourbon fragrance, a good thing for cut flowers. The four new Hybrid Teas of French origin, Cannes La Coquette, Mme. Alexandre Bernaix, Mme. Etienne Levet, and Mdlle. Brigitte Violet, all promise to be useful sorts. This class of roses, on account of its novelty and promise of usefulness, is now looked upon with more interest than any other, and will, in a few years, very likely prove the most popular
62 HEISE IOV Ie
class, excepting the Hybrid Perpetual and diiea:
The Perpetual Moss Rose (Rosa Centifolia Muscosa) has the same characteristics (and needs the same treatment) as the Moss Rose already described, but in addition to the June blossoming produces flowers during the summer and autumn. There are but three sorts which we consider worth growing. Many worthless varieties in the class have been sent out; if the flowers were of fair quality, they were so seldom seen after the month of June as to belie theirname. Mme. Edward Ory and Salet both give mossy buds that are not equal in quality to other Mosses, but give them at a time of year when the others are not to be had, and are therefore very useful. Soupert-et-Notting is not en- cumbered with a superfluity of moss, if it is with a name, but we have here a large rose- colored sort, very full, of fine form, and a strong delightful perfume that may keep one snifing for a long time before he can go away satisfied. Our eyes may brighten at the sight of other autumnal roses more beau- tiful than this, but there are very few sorts so grateful to that other important sense— smell. With oh! and with ah! and sundry other relevant remarks we may gloat over
ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 63
this rose, as does the street Arab inspecting the pies and confections in the window of a pastry-shop.
The Tea Rose (Rosa Indica Odorata) may well be taken as a synonym for all that is delicately beautiful. What refinement of color; what subdued, yet powerful, fragrance do they possess! They are indeed thecentre of loveliness; like fair maids at a reception surrounded by admiring groups, these lend beauty to the others, which may well strive to find a near approach to their sweet pres- ence, that perchance they may receive a smile, and borrow beauty, diffused from their chaste loveliness. There has always beena warm place in my heart for the Tea Rose, for, sub rosa, let me confess it, this was my first love (I fear no conjugal jealousy or censure in making this confession); a bed of Tea Roses planted near my father’s house first won me as a devotee to the rose, and by foliage and flower I learned to distinguish varieties among them before I even knew the names in other classes; I should now as soon think of doing without roses altogether as not to have a bed of Teas in my garden.
Several varieties in this group were brought to England from China, their native place, in the early part of the century;
64 THE ROSE.
among them were the Blush Tea and Yellow Tea, two varieties from which most of the sorts now in cultivation have descended. Both of these kinds are free seed-bearers, the Yellow Tea more particularly; it has beauti- ful buds of pale yellow, but the habit of the plant being unhealthy it has now nearly gone out of cultivation. The old Blush is also no longer named in most catalogues, but there are many rosarians still living who cherish it in affectionate remembrance and recollect it as one of the most fragrant in the family. Most of the varieties in this group are very sensitive to any neglect, and will show very quickly whether they have met with good or ill treatment; the soil can scarcely be made too rich for their reception, but it must be light, warm, and well drained. If the place chosen consist of heavy clay soil, a foot or more must be dug out, carted away, and filled up with that which is mellow. As most of the varieties are of but moderate growth, they require rather close pruning. To protect them during winter, we advise hilling up earth about the plants and then spreading over evergreen branches or /oose litter. «Care amust) be exercised (that, the plants be not embedded and packed down with a heavy mass, otherwise decay and
ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION.. 65
death will ensue; some air will needs be ad- mitted; the plants must be protected but not smothered.
The Tea class is much more uniform in the characteristics of the different varieties than are any of the other large groups. In judging of their merits we lay less stress on fulness of flower than on other claims, be- cause most of those which have compara- tively few petals are very beautiful in bud, and it is for the buds that Teas are largely prized. Thus Isabella Sprunt and Marie Guillot are two roses highly prized, but one of them is only semi-double, while the other has so many petals that they do not always unfold satisfactorily. The flowers vary very greatly in size as well as in fulness, some of them, like Canary, Caroline, and Monsieur Furtado, being quite small, and others being large, as Madame Bravy, Souvenir d’un Ami, ete.
This has now become such a large division that it is no easy matter to select a num- ber of varieties for commendation, but those named below are among the most beautiful, and also of the most healthy habit—a very im- portant feature to be considered.
Bon Siléne, Isabella Sprunt, and Safrano
5
66 THE ROSE.
are to be chosen for their buds only; Mme. Falcot, a seedling of Safrano, has fuller flowers of nearly the same shade, but they are not so freely produced and the habit of the plant is more feeble. The following are fine in both bud and flower: Bou- gére, Catherine Mermet, Comtesse Riza du Parc, Gérard Desbois, Homer, Jean Ducher, Jean Pernet, Madame Bravy, Madame de Vatry, Madame Lambard, Madame Welche, Marie Ducher, Marie Van Houtte, Monsieur Furtado, Niphetos (a poor grower), Perle des Jardins, Rubens, Sombreuil, Souvenir d'un Ami, Triomphe de Luxembourg. Among these Niphetos is the only one of bad growth, but it isso much the finest of the white Teas, that it shouid find a place in every collection of any size. Full descriptions of all these sorts will be found elsewhere,
ITI. TECHNICAL TERMS.
[geaeete| LE rosarian and the hasty reader ‘1 are invited to pass by this chapter, but if, unversed in rose-lore, any ces «6reader become interested in the aes there will be found many terms, mostly botanical, which require some ex- planation, as presented herewith, and to which he may be glad to refer.
Anther. A rounded knob at the summit of the filament; a portion of the stamen which contains the pollen or fecundating matter of the flower.
Armed. Provided with thorns or prickles.
Callus. A swelling which occurs at the base of a cutting previous to the formation of roots.
Calyx. An envelope which holds the other parts of the flower; it consists of narrow green leaves or sepals of a pithy texture; these sepals generally cohere by their edges,
67
68 THE ROSE.
Corymb. Flower stalks produced along a common stalk which rise so as toforma level top.
Disbudded. Deprived of flower buds. Flower buds are pinched or cut away, in order that those remaining will attain greater perfection.
Eye. The stamen and pistils of a flower. Sometimes this term is used synony- mously with bud.
Filament. The thread-like part of the sta- men which supports the anther.
Hip or Hep. The fruit or seed pod.
Hybrid. A cross, which is the product of a mixture of two different species.
Leaflet. One of the divisions of the com- pound leaf with which all roses are fur- nished; these are attached to the petiole by minor foot stalks.
Maiden Plant. That which blooms for the first time after budding or grafting.
Ovary. The hollow portion at the base of a pistil containing the ovules or bodies destined to become seeds.
Panicle. A cluster of flowers irregularly
TECHNICAL TERMS. 69
produced from a main stem, or peduncles variously divided.
Peduncle. The stalk upon which the flower is borne.
Petal. A leaf of the flower.
Petiole. The stalk to which are attached the several leaflets.
Pistil. The columnar seed-bearing organ in the centre of a flower; sometimes there are several in one flower; it consists of one or more styles, one or more stigmas and the ovary.
Pollen. The fecundating powdery substance found in the anthers.
Remontant. As applied to roses that which flowers the second time. From the French verb to remount.
Sepals. Those leaves which form the calyx.
Sport. A shoot or sucker from a plant which shows either in foliage, flower, vigor of growth, orin all of them, some peculiar feature or features, distinct from the rest of the plant.
Stamens. The male organs of fructification in a flower, surrounding the pistil.
70 DAE ROSE,
Stigma. The top portion of the pistil which receives the pollen and connects with the ovary by a tube through the centre of the style.
Style. The erect column, sometimes several combined in one, which connects the stigma with the ovary.
Sucker. A branch or root which proceeds from the root, or stem of the plant, just below the surface,
IV.
POSITION AND SOIL.
Sm )HE first requisite in the culture of Vl roses is the selection and prepara- tion of a suitable place for plant-
=) ing. This is very important, as all a follows depends upon the care used in this first step.
To begin with, then, choose the best place you have in the garden, a place where you can offer sufficient protection by means of hedges or board fences from bleak sweeping winds. When fences are used, their general ugliness can be most appropriately clothed by roses themselves. A warm, sunny posi- tion is also requisite; if so situated that there is an exposure to the morning sun, and the hot rays during the afternoon are in part or wholly shaded, all the better, but acertain amount of sunlight is as essential to a rose’s welfare as to our own, though many of us do not show our appreciation of the blessings of sunlight as gratefully as do our roses. Be-
71
72 THE ROSE.
sides scattering them through our gardens, roses may be made very effective planted in borders about our lawns, either individually or in groups, and also planted in beds on the lawn.
Thoughtlessness often leads people to plant roses under the shadow of overhanging buildings, or close to large deep-rooted trees; and then there is inquiry and wonderment why the plants are always covered with mil- dew? and why they do not blossom and grow as those ina neighbor’s yard, where there are always beautiful rosesto be seen? There is much more in common, or should be, be- tween animal and plant life, than is practi- cally acknowledged by most of those who strive to grow roses. Both demand for their perfect development a sufficiency of nourish- ing food and drink, a pure atmosphere, a temperature as equable as possible, and thorough cleanliness. Let every one who plants roses bear this in mind and we shall find a wonderful improvement in the quality and quantity of the flowers.
“Some having heard that afree circulation of air and abundance of sunshine are es- sential elements of success, select a spot which would be excellent for a windmill, ob- servatory, beacon, or Martello tower; and
POSTTION AND SOIL. 73
there the poor rose-trees stand, or, more ac- curately speaking, wobble, with their leaves, like King Lear’s silver locks, rudely blown and drenched by the to-and-fro contending wind and rain.
“Others, who have been told that the rose loves shelter, peace, repose, have found ‘such -adear snug little spot,’ not only surrounded by dense evergreen shrubs, but overshadowed by giant trees. Rest is there assuredly—trest for the rose, when its harassed life is past, when it has nothing more for disease to prey upon, no buds for the caterpillar, no foliage for the aphis—the rest of amausoleum! I was taken not long ago to a cemetery of this description, which had been recently laid out; and there was a confident expectation of praise in the pretty face of the lady who took me, that I was sorely puzzled how to express my feelings. I wished to be kind, I wished to be truthful; and the result was some such a dubious compliment as the Sultan paid to the French pianist. The Frenchman, you may remember, was a muscular @rtisf, more remarkable for power than pathos; and he went at the instrument and shook and worried it asa terrier goes in atrats. His exertions were sudorific; and when he finished the struggle, with beads on his brow, the Sultan
74 TATE. SRO SL,
told him, ‘that, although he had heard the most renowned performers of the age, he had never met one who—perspired so freely!’ Nor could I, with my heart as full of charity’s milk as a Cheshire dairy of the cow’s, think of any higher praise of the plot before me than that it was an admirable place for fern; and therefore, when my commentary was re- ceived with an expressive smile of genteel disgust, as though I had suggested that the allotment in question was ¢#e site of all others for a jail, or had said, as Carlyle said of the Royal Garden at Potsdam, that ‘it was one of the finest fog-preserves in Europe,’ then, without further prevarication, I told the truth. And the truth is, that this boundless contiguity of shade is fatal, and every over- hanging tree is fatal as an upas-tree to the rose. ‘Therose inclose proximity toa forest- tree can never hope to thrive. In a two-fold sense it takes umbrage; robbed above and robbed below, robbed by branches of sun- shine and by roots of soil, it sickens, droops, andidies1
In connection with a choice of location, we must see that roses are provided with a proper soil. They will do well in any or- dinary garden soil that is free from standing
* A Book about Roses.”
POSITION AND SOIL. 75
water and well drained. When there is too much clay, the soil can be made sufficiently friable by the application of wood and coal ashes, lime, burnt earth, etc. When, on the other hand, a soil is sandy or too light, we need to bring clay, muck, leaf mould, etc., to obtain suificient body. This soil must, of course, be thoroughly manured and worked; frequent spading will do a great deal toward lessening the stiffness of a heavy soil. On no account attempt to make roses grow ina wet spot; if there be sucha place which it is desired to use, let the soil be thoroughly drained by sinking tiles toa depth of four feet, or provide in some other way for carry- ing off the water. Where it is impossible to find a position capable of being drained by tiles from the ground being too flat, the soil may be removed to a depth of a few feet, and stones, bricks, débris of any kind, thrown in; but whenever the water can be carried off in tiles it is better to do so.
V.
PLANTING AND PRUNING.
=_ )0SES that have been grown out of “| pots should, if possible, be planted ¢ 4) while ina dormant condition; for, tak if removed for transplanting while Hew sap is flowing freely, and the plant is in vigorous growing condition, there occurs too great a shock, one from which the plant does not easily recover. All roses, therefore, taken from the open ground should be planted during the autumn or spring; the more hardy kinds, such as the summer roses, most of the Hybrid Perpetuals, and possibly some of the Bourbons, may preferably be planted in the autumn; the more tender sorts in the spring. Plants that have been propagated from cuttings, or layers (on own roots), should be set, as nearly as possible, as they were grown in the nursery. Budded or grafted plants should be set so that the junc- tion of the bud or graft is about two inches be- neath the surface of the soil. Planted in this 76
PLANTING AND PRUNING. rl
way there is much less liability of suckers from the stock being put forth, and oppor- tunity is afforded for the plant to put forth roots from the bud or graft; this often takes place, so that ultimately the plant is virtually on its own roots. Roses that are pot-grown can be planted at any time from April till Oc- tober, butif set out during the heat of summer special care must be given in watering, etc. Respecting the sized plants which should be set out, we earnestly advise all those who can obtain them to put out plants of one or two years’ growth that have made a free but not excessive growth, with well-ripened wood; these can be obtained at most of the large reliable nurseries. Many florists doa large and exclusive business in sending by mail small plants, cuttings of afew weeks’ growth; this is all very well, to give opportunity to many people to obtain plants, which could not, owing to the lack of express or railroad facilities, be forwarded in any other way; but these bantlings often require much care and tender nursing, and are seldom of any account until the second year from planting, for in order to promote their growth the flower buds should be kept cut off during the first year—if allowed to produce any, they are not only not of first quality, but enfeeble
78 TE ROSE:
the plant; whereas older plants, carefully grown, will give effective results the first year. Some nurserymen make a practice of cutting away all the flower buds from free blooming varieties, which form on the young plants during the first year’s growth; this practice is to be highly commended; such plants are far more valuable to the purchaser than those not so treated. Quality should always be preferred to quantity; this is true whether respecting the plants or the flowers of roses, and one good two-year plant is worth more than six of the sucklings often sent by mail—poor, weak infants, which never should have been sent from the zursery—just as one good bloom of Marie Baumann, or Alfred Colomb, is worth half a dozen of Pius the IX. or Triomphe de 1’Exposition.
Care must be exercised that the soil about the plant be well pulverized and no hard lumps allowed to remain in contact with the roots; after the plants are set out, de sure that they are firmly pressed in with the feet or hands; plants that are loosely stuck in the ground can never do well. Another prom- inent thing to bear in mind is: never allow the plants to lie exposed to the wind and sun, keep them covered until ready to plant. The distance apart is somewhat regulated by
PLANTING AND PRUNING. 79
the vigor of growth; the strongest growers should be put about three feet apart; for those of weaker habit, one or two feet would suffice. In planting beds, if of more than one variety, the strongest sort should be in the centre and those of the weakest habit on the outside. It isalmost unnecessary to say, that no planting should be attempted if the ground be very wet, or very dry, as during a summer drought; and that very late in the season, whether autumn or spring, is not a good time to set out roses; few things suffer so much from late spring planting as do roses; if the buds have pushed forth, it is generally time and money thrown away to set out plants, other than those pot-grown. The reason pot-grown plants can be used after the others is that the soil in which they are grown can be retained when the roses are removed from the pots, and the plants con- tinue to grow without check. Pot-grown roses must not be immediately exposed to the rays of a hot sun; if planted out they should receive some shade for a few days, and be carefully watered. Water must not be ap- plied during the heat of the day, but in the morning or evening.
The pruning of roses is one of the most important features connected with their cul-
80 THE VRO SE:
ture, but no directions that can be given will prevent some mistakes from being made. It is practical experience alone that will enable one to determine just what is to be done in each individual case, and just how to do it; but the general principles that should govern can be easily stated and comprehended. I would recommend the operator to procure what is known as a pruning-knife, having a hooked blade, and also a secateur, or pair of pruning-shears; the latter is better for cutting away shoots from the centre of a bushy plant and is the quickest and most easy to handle, but where a very smooth cut is desired, the pruning-knife will be found most effective; it is also less likely to bruise the bark. All roses that come from the open ground should be pruned before planting or immediately after. Many persons who are careless, or not informed, set out the plants just as they come from the nurseries; under such circum- stances the plants cannot thrive, the sap has too many buds to nourish and a weak growth ensues. The shock from transplanting must be met by a shortening of both shoots and roots; the shoots being shortened the number of buds to draw upon the sap is reduced and amore vigorous growth follows. Not only should all bruised roots be pruned, cutting
PLANTING AND PRUNING. &1
away to the sound part, but also all those large ones that are uninjured, for by this they are induced to put forth small roots of fibrous nature, which are of great assistance in promoting health and vigor of plant.
The cut made in pruning should be as nearly horizontal as possible, so that there shall be but a slight exposure of wounded surface; itis generally preferable to cut from the inside, and to see that the top bud which is left points outward. If the plants bleed after the operation the surface of the cut should be smeared over with wax or other substance; often a coating of mud will answer. Roses are pruned both early in the spring and in the autumn; we prefer the former season, but when done then, care must be had not to put it off too late, for if not at- tended to early, the sap will have pushed toward the upper buds, and when pruned there will be bleeding or exuding of the sap. The pruning should therefore take place while the plants are dormant, and before the sap begins to flow. The chief objects to be held in view in pruning are the formation of a symmetrical plant, and to promote the formation of bloom buds. To secure these the following general rule must be observed: Plants of delicate habit and weak growth re-
6
82 THE ROSE,
quire severe pruning; those that are vigorous in growth should have the shoots only moder- ately shortened, but the branches well thinned out. If varieties of vigorous habit are closely pruned, a great growth ensues and very few flowers; hence it is of the utmost importance to know the character of the variety that is to be operated on. Besides pruning the plants in March, a summer pruning is desir- able with many varieties of Hybrid Perpet- uals, so soon as the June blossoming is over, in order to induce the formation of flower buds later in the season,
VI. MANURES.
wise trust that impatient readers will y:| not pass by this chapter with turned-up nose and a sniff of dis- [Ye NOe S43) dain, for the subject is an impor- oan Ale an unpleasant one, to handle. We shall make it short, if not sweet.
Manure, if new, should never be applied so as to come in contact with the roots, but may be spread on the surface of the earth as amulch; this is often done with advantage in the autumn, digging it in in the following spring. Manure which is to be dug in about the plants must be decomposed, and may be advantageously mixed with a compost of good turfy loam and spent hops; all animal manure is useful for roses, particularly droppings of the cow, pig, and sheep; these mixed with a compost as named form the best fertilizers that can be used. Besides these, the cleanings from the poultry house, night soil, soot, bone-dust, and guano will
83
84 TEE TO SE.
all be found excellent, but nothing I believe is better than a mixture—one-third each— of cow-dung, rotted hops, and turfy loam. Horse-dung is much better for heavy soils than for light, and cow-manure does not do so well for soils inclining to be wet. In the hot, dry weather, which we often have in summer, a good watering of liquid manure will be of very great benefit to the plants, more especially during the time of the forma- tion of flower buds. “The happy rosarian who has a farm-yard of his own will, of course, have a large covered tank therein, for the reception and preservation of liquid manure. At all times, of drought especially, this will be more precious as a restorative and tonic to his roses than the waters of Kis- singen, Vichy, or Harrogate to his invalid fellow-men. Only let him remember this tule of application—weak and oft rather than strong and seldom. I bought my own ex- perience by destroying with too potent pota- tions—forgetting that infants don’t drink brandy ueat—the delicate fibrous rootlets of some beautiful rose-trees on the Manetti stock.” * Night soil would be found a most valuable manure, if people would only rightly prepare and use it, but each rosarian : = S. R: Hole:
MANURES. 85
points to the other and wonders why no one is found to make use of this valuable com- modity which now goes to waste, but no one takes hold. “The Romans reverenced Cloacina, the goddess of the sewers, and the statue which they found of her in the great drains of Tarquinius was beautiful as Venus’s self; but they honored her, doubt- less, only as a wise sanitary commissioner who removed their impurities, and, so doing, brought health to their heroes and loveliness to their maidens. They only knew half her merits; but in Olympus, we may readily be- lieve, there was fuller justice done. Al- though weaker goddesses may have been un- kind—may have averted their divine noses when Cloacina passed, and made ostentatious use of scent-bottle and pocket-handkerchief —-Flora, and Pomona, and Ceres would ever admire her virtues, and beseech her benign influence upon the garden, the orchard, and the farm. But the terrestrials never thought that fex urbis might be lux orbis, and they polluted their rivers, as we ours, with that which should have fertilized their lands. And we blame the Romans very much in- deed; and we blame everybody else very much indeed; and we do hofe the time will scon be here when such a sinful waste will
86 THE ROSE.
no longer disgrace an enlightened age; but beyond the contribution of this occasional homily, it is, of course, no affair of ours. Each man assures his neighbor that the pro- cess of desiccation is quite easy, and the art of deodorizing almost nice; but nobody ‘goes in.’ The reader, I have no doubt, has with me had large experience of this perversity in neighbors, and ofttimes has been perplexed and pained by their dogged strange reluc- tance to follow the very best advice. ‘There was at Cambridge, some thirty years ago, an insolent, foul-mouthed, pugnacious sweep, who escaped for two terms the sublime lick- ing which he ‘annexed’ finally, because no one liked to tackle the soot. There were scores of undergraduates to whom pugilism was a thing of beauty and a joy forever, who had the power and the desire to punish his impudence, but they thought of the close wrestle—they reflected on the ‘hug,’ and left him. To drop metaphor, there is no more valuable manure; but it is, from cir- cumstances which require no explanation, more suitable for the farm than the garden, especially as we have asubstitute [farm-yard manure] quite as efficacious, and far more convenient and agreeable in use.” *
* “ A Book about Roses,’’ S. Reynolds Hole.
Var: INSECTS AND DISEASES.
Cy|O one can be more profoundly im- ry| pressed with the curse entailed on
s{“/ Adam and his descendants than
= then heverent srosarian: form all things hostile and bad, animate and inani- mate, seem to combine in greater degree to prevent the successful cultivation of the rose than any other well-known flower. Few things, for example, can be more effective in their season than a massive bed of pezonies; they have all the shades of the tose, are more hardy, and know nothing of mildew or the ravages of insect enemies; but they are almost entirely neglected—very un- justly too—that proper attention may be given to our roses, which need constant care and attention to make their culture profitable. The price to be paid for beautiful roses is eternal vigilance inspired by reverent love. “He who would have beautiful roses in his garden must have beautiful roses zz his heart.
87
88 TELLS CO STS.
He must love them well and always.” A genuine lover of roses is not discouraged by the knowledge of the difficulties that attend the culture of his favorites, the rather is he incited to succeed in spite of all obstacles and drawbacks, knowing that as faint heart never won fair lady, he cannot expect the smiles of Marie Baumann, or Marie Van Houtte, unless he thoroughly cultivate the acquaintance of these beauties, and wait upon them with more attention and deeper concern than would the gallant of the ball- room upon the attendant belles.
The following are the chief foes with which the rose has to contend:
THE APHIS (Apfis Rose), or Green Fly, is well known by all who have grown roses. It isa small green louse, about one-eighth inch in length when fully grown, usually wing- less. Their bodies are oval and soft, they secrete a sweet fluid, of which ants are very fond. The presence of ants on roses is good evidence, did we require it, that the aphis is at work. They are very prolificin breeding; Réaumur estimates that one individual in five generations may become the progenitor of nearly six thousand millions of descend- ants. Through their slender beak they suck the juices of the plant, always working at the
INSECTS AND DISEASES. 89
tender shoots, and in a short time will, if un- molested, destroy the vigor or vitality of any rose they infest. Much the best destructive agent to use against them is tobacco smoke; when this cannot be applied, a liquid solu- tion, made from tobacco stems or leaves, or from quassia, will be found an efficient method of working their destruction. Take four ounces of quassia chips, or tobacco stems, and boil them about ten minutes in a gallon of soft water; strain off the chips, and add four ounces of soft-soap, which should be dissolved in it as it cools, stirring well before using. Itmay be applied by dipping a whisk broom in the mixture and sprinkling all shoots that are infested. Whale-oil soap, dissolved in water, is also a useful remedy.
MILDEW.—This is a fungous disease often caused by great and sudden atmospheric changes, and by a long continuance of damp, cloudy weather. The best proved remedies are sulphur and soot; one of these should be applied the moment the disease makes its ap- pearance; the plants should be sprinkled with water so that the substance applied will adhere, or else let it be put on early in the morning while the dew is yet on the plants. Some localities are much more subject to visitations of this disease than cthers, and in
90 THE ROSE.
such places care should be taken not to plant varieties that are known to be specially liable to mildew. As it is contagious, spreading from one plant to another, we should advise the destruction of such sorts as belong to the Giant of Battles type (see chapter on Typical Roses); better it is to sacrifice a few kinds than that all should be disfigured with this annoying fungus. Gen- erally mildew makes its appearance in the autumn, when the nights grow cool; at this season it works but little harm and may be disregarded, since the plants have made their growth and the wood is nearly, or quite, ripe.
THE ReED SPIDER is a most destructive little insect, which generally commits its ravages in the greenhouse; they only make their appearance when favored by a hot, dry atmosphere. These insects are very small, scarcely distinguishable by the eye, if iso- lated; they are of a dark, reddish-brown color, found on the under sides of the leaves. They cause the foliage to assume a yellow tinge, and will soon make sickly the plant they infest. A few applications of whale-oil soap dissolved in warm soft water will often destroy them; this can be applied with a syringe, taking care to throw the water up- ward to reach the leaves affected, late in the
INSECTS AND DISEASES. gI
afternoon, and then washed off with pure water the following morning. This insect does not attack plants that are syringed with water daily, and all plants grown under glass, not in flower, should be sprayed regularly. When a house that has been infested with Red Spider can be emptied of the plants, it is well to burn sulphur on charcoal embers; the fumes from the sulphur are fatal to nearly all insect life, and a house can by this means be soon freed from this insect; as burning sulphur is also destructive to plant life, this process can only be used in emptied houses, unless only a slight quantity be used at a time.
ROSE HOPPER, OR THRIPS ( 7ettigonia Rose, of Harris).—This is perhaps the most trouble- some pest with which the rose is afflicted in the open air. It isa small, yellowish-white insect, about three-twentieths of an inch long, with transparent wings. Like the Red Spider, they prey upon the leaves, work- ing on the under side; they seem to go in swarms and are very destructive to the plant, soon causing the foliage to assume a sickly, yellow appearance. As they jump and fly from one place to another, their destruction is less easy to accomplish than is the case with other enemies. We have found syring-
92 LIFTER, SOSH:
ing the plants with pure water, so as to wet the lower side of the leaves, and then dust- ing on powdered white hellebore, will de- stroy or disperse them. Another remedy, nearly or quite as good, is a solution of whale-oil soap, which must also be applied so as to reach the leaves from beneath.
ROSE CATERPILLAR, OR LEAF-ROLLER.— There are several kinds of caterpillars, be- longing to an order called Lepidoptera, which prey upon the rose. They are the young of moths or butterflies, varying from one-half inch to three-fourths inch in length; some of these are green and yellow, others brown; they all envelop themselves in the leaves or burrow in the flower buds. Powdered helle- bore sprinkled over the plants will prevent in a large measure their moving over the plants, but the only method of killing them, which is really effectual, is by crushing be- tween finger and thumb. This crushing pro- cess may not be considered an agreeable pastime, but it must be done, and fastidious people can either delegate the work to others, or go armed, not cap a pie, but with gloved hands, and perform the work themselves. It is time to look out for these marauders when the buds are formed and begin to show signs of plumpness.
IDMTSE CTS: AND DISEASES, 93
ROSE CHAFER, OR ROSE Buc.—This (the Melolontha subspinosa, of Fabricius) isa brown beetle, a little less than one-half inch in length, which comes from the ground about the second week in June, or when the Damask Rose is in blossom. Many localities are never troubled with this pest; where it does appear, it is never alone, but in swarms; the insects attack the flowers in preference to the foliage, and seem to be more fond of white and light-colored flowers than of those which are dark. Ina very short time they entirely disfigure and greatly injure the plant which they attack; an application of Paris green dusted over the plants is very destructive to them, but being so dangerous a poison, we recommend hand-picking and burning of the bugs in preference. The application of tobacco-water, whale-oil soap, etc., is use- less, for in order to have any effect upon the bugs the solution would have to be made so strong that it would work injury to the plants.
RosE StuG.—These slugs are the larva of a saw-fly, called by Harris Zelandria Rose, an insect about the size of a common house- fly, which comes out of the ground during May and June. The female flies puncture the leaves in different places, depositing their
94 THE ROSE.
eggs in each incision made; these eggs hatch in twelve or fifteen days after they are laid. Theslugs at once commence to eat the leaves, and soon make great inroads upon the foliage, if not checked. They are about one- half inch long when fully grown, of a green color, and feed upon the upper portion of the foliage. The best remedies are powdered white hellebore, or a solution of whale-oil soap.
WHITE GrRuB.—These grubs are the young of those buzzing, sticky abominations known as May-bugs. The beetles are thus described by* Harms: During the monthvot” May, they come forth from the ground, whence they have received the name of May-bugs or May-beetles. They pass the greater part of the day upon trees, clinging to the under sides of the leaves in a state of repose. As soon as evening approaches, they begin to buzz about among the branches, and con- tinue on the wing till toward midnight. In their droning flight they move very irregu- larly, darting hither and thither with an un- certain aim, hitting against objects in their way with a force that often causes them to fall to the ground. They frequently enter houses in the night, apparently attracted as well as dazzled and bewildered by the lights. Their
INSEL S AND DISEASES. 95
vagaries, in which, without having the power to harm, they seem to threaten an attack, have caused them to be called dors, that is, darers; while their seeming blindness and stupidity have become proverbial in the ex- pressions ‘blind as a beetle’ and ‘beetle- headed.’ After the sexes have paired the males perish, and the females enter the earth to the depth of six inches or more, making their way by means of the strong teeth which arm the forelegs; here they deposit their eggs. ... From the eggs are hatched, in the space of fourteen days, little whitish grubs, each provided with six legs near the head, and a mouth furnished with strong jaws. When in a state of rest, these grubs usually curl themselves in the shape of a crescent.” These annoying pests live in the earth for three years, feeding on the roots of roses and other plants, and give no sign of their presence till the plant on which they feed commences to wither or turn sickly. So soon as evidence is given of their ravages, the plant should at once be dug around and search made for the grub, that his destruction may save other plants from death. The grub is more fond of the roots of strawberries than of any other food, and if these berries are grown alongside of roses a careful lookout
96 THE ROSE.
must be had. It isa fortunate thing that the erub does not confine himself to a rose-diet, else would the culture of our favorite flower ‘often be conducted with more plague than pleasure or profit.
There are other insect enemies of the rose besides those we have named, but they seldom do any great damage, and we think our readers are ready to cry, enough of bugs. We have given a list of remedies for con- trolling the ravages of the various pests which worry the rose, but itis with our roses as with ourselves, prevention is always better than cure. A pure atmosphere, cleanliness, by the free use of water, etc., healthy food, not necessarily that which is most nutritious, but that which can with certainty be assimi- lated or digested, are requirements common to our own lives and those of our roses, if they are to be healthy ones. <A watchful care, with systematic attention to watering, syringing, etc., will often keep away insect enemies that would otherwise surely come to torment us. Many gardens in the suburbs of cities are supplied with water conducted from the mains of the water works in pipes; those who have such a supply of water in their grounds will find it an easy matter fre- quently to spray all the plants both from
INSECTS AND DISEASES. 97
beneath and above. The frequent and vig- orous application of water is as hateful to the insects described as it is to fighting cats, and every one who grows roses (or cats) should be provided with that most useful instrument the garden syringe; it is a most valuable weapon of defence or of offence, whether used in keeping off the Rose Hopper or in dispersing the caterwauling midnight marauders that may come within range.
There are some insects which entomologists claim to be useful, as destroying those which are noxious; such are the larve of the gar- den beetle, rose beetle, ladybird and others, which feed upon aphides and caterpillars. I know nothing of the truth of this from per- sonal observation, and do not see how their aid can be considered of any great value, since the solutions, etc., which are necessary to apply when noxious insects make their appearance, would be pretty certain to de- stroy friend and foe alike. I have much more confidence in the help to be obtained from the despised toad, and some of the birds, especially the ground-bird and spar- row; the toad will devour many of the worms and caterpillars, the birds will destroy not only these, but also the insects which infest the plants. The aid of the birds might be
7
THE ROSE.
© Oa
enlisted by daily scattering a few crumbs among the planis; when they have consumed the crumbs they will naturally turn their attention to the insects at hand, and thus tepay their benefactors.
VIII.
PROPAGATION.
——g /HERE are four methods used in <¥\| propagating roses—by cuttings, by budding, by grafting, by layer-
= ing; in importance they rank in- the Aelcé named, and in this order we will briefly consider them.
Although the principles which govern the art of propagation are the same the world over, it will be found that rosarians differ widely in working out details; thus, in the production of roses from cuttings, we, in America, are as much more successful than our European brethren as they excel us in the production of budded and grafted plants.
By CutTtincs.—There is no doubt but that plants grown from cuttings are the most useful for general purposes, and the greater number of our choice varieties can be grown in this way without difficulty; but there are some beautiful kinds, like Baroness Roths- child, which root with great difficulty; these
99
I0O HIEGIE, IROSIE.
sorts can only be profitably grown by bud- ding or grafting. Cuttings can be made at any time of the year. The old ideas that the wood must be cut at a joint or with a heel, and that it is essential they should be placed in bottom heat, have been thoroughly ex- ploded. The most successful propagation made by cuttings, for the largest number of kinds, is made during the late winter months from strong plants one or two years old that have been grown in open ground, potted in the month of November; or from plants which have been grown in pots for one year, or planted out under glass. Cuttings of all kinds which root freely, like General Jacque- minot, Vactor Verdier, ete, canbe made from one eye only, and cut between the joints just as well as after the old fashion of cutting to a heel, and with three or more eyes—an unnecessary and wasteful process. All of the large commercial establishments in this country do most of their rose propa- gation in the months of January, February, and March; the cuttings are made to one eye and dibbled in beds of sand, or in some cases are placed in pots of sand and these pots plunged in beds of sand; underneath the staging which supports the cuttings run hot- water pipes or flues; these are commonly
PROPAGATION. IOI
boarded-in to secure bottom heat, and this I believe to be the best method. Some rose growers make no attempt at confining the pipes or flues, and produce excellent plants without resorting to bottom heat, but it isa slower process, and there is a greater per- centage of cuttings which fail to root. Ad- vocates of this system claim that they secure healthier, stronger plants in the end than they would by the use of bottom heat. There is no doubt that plants propagated in a closely confined house in a high tempera- ture are apt to turn out of weak constitution, but we believe the best results follow where plants are propagated in a bed at a tempera- ture of about 70 degrees, with the tempera- ture of the house a few degrees less. How- ever, these matters concern nurserymen and florists more than amateurs, for this class does not care to put in operation anything that requires much expense. When but few cuttings are desired they can be placed in pots and will take root in four or five weeks after insertion, grown in any ordinary con- servatory or greenhouse. After the cuttings have taken root they should be potted in pots not exceeding two and a half inches in diame- ter. Certain kinds of roses take root with- out difficulty, others are so stubborn that the
102 IEDR I OSIR:
amateur would do well not to attempt their propagation until he has proved himself an adept in rose culture. The sorts most difficult to root are the various varieties of ‘Moss, most of the summer roses, and certain varieties of Hybrid Remontants, belonging to the Jules Margottin, Baronne Prevost, and Baroness Rothschild families. (See chapter Onewivpical) Ioses.) @ All voi the alea and Monthly Roses, with very few exceptions, root and grow freely from cuttings.
Besides using green wood, some propaga- tors make cuttings from hard wood—that is, shoots thoroughly ripened, taken in the au- tumn. Manetti cuttings are always made from wood taken in autumn, and the various varieties of Prairie Roses are often grown in this way. In some establishments large quan- tities of cuttings are made during the sum- mer months and grown in hotbeds; the plants produced are salable in the autumn and are largely used by florists. In selecting stock plants from which to propagate, care should be had that only those be chosen which are vigorous and healthy, otherwise a sickly or weak progeny will result.
By Buppinc.—This is an important method, second only to propagation by cut- tings.
PROPAGATION. 103
The chief disadvantages are these: first, it is more expensive. The stocks are to be purchased and cared for (they cannot often be profitably grown in our hot climate), and it will be found that the labor of budding, suckering, cutting back stocks, etc., will make the operation far more costly than growing plants from cuttings. Budded plants are not desirable for inexperienced amateurs, since novices do not detect the suckers which, not infrequently, come up from the roots and if not cut away ultimately choke the plant. <A third objection is found in the fact that budded plants are more fre- quently killed by severe winters than plants on own roots.
On the other hand, by budding we are en- abled to grow varieties which are so difficult to root from cuttings, that their propagation would be discontinued by all large rose- growers were it not for this method. Varie- ties like Baroness Rothschild, Mabel Morri- son, Marquise de Castellane, Madame Boll, Marguérite de St. Amande, etc., areas yet al- most indispensable, but no nurseryman would long grow them from cuttings. There is an- other class of roses often advantageously grown by budding, these are varieties of moderate growth like A. K. Williams, Horace
104 THE ROSE.
Vernet, Madame Victor Verdier, Mademoi- selle Eugénie Verdier, Marie Baumann, Xavier Olibo, etc. All these kinds are in- vigorated by being worked on some strong stock, like the Manetti. A third advantage of budded roses is for use as stock plants, and also for forcing. Budded plants of many kinds (not the Jacqueminot type) can be taken up in October or November, and with ordinary treatment will give as fine a crop of flowers as plants of the same varieties which have been grown all summer in pots at much more expense and labor.
I would not advise any reader to purchase budded roses who cannot tell, by the wood, the difference between Persian Yellow and General Jacqueminot, between Marie Bau- mann and Salet—indeed amateurs who can- not do this do not deserve to have roses at all, for they would not be able to distinguish between the shoots of the Manetti suckers and their Louis Van Houtte or Victor Ver- dier (although the Manetti is most distinct from all other roses).
Many kinds of stocks have been tried on which to bud roses, as the Brier, the Grif- feraie, etc., but for general use in this country we very greatly prefer the Manetti. The stocks are planted in nursery rows about
PROPAGATION. 105
three feet between the rows, and six or eight inches apart; in July and August the buds are inserted; the lower the buds can be put in the better, as the liability to send up suckers is thereby greatly diminished, and opportunity is also afforded the plant of be- ing ultimately established on its own roots.
PROPAGATION BY GRAFTING.—This is a profitable mode to pursue when done in win- ter under glass, using plants of Manetti or Brier grown in pots for the purpose. Grafting roses on the root cannot be made profitable, as such a large percentage fail to grow. Stock grafting is carried on in England and elsewhere with great success, and although the plants are not so desirable (owing to the graft being of necessity some distance above the roots) as those propagated by the other methods, it affords nurserymen an oppor- tunity of more quickly securing a stock of new sorts, and also is advantageous as an aid in producing more vigorous plants of such varieties as Niphetos, than can possibly be obtained from cuttings.
PROPAGATION BY LAYERING was once prac- tised to considerable extent, but it isa slow method, and is now but little used. Good plants can be obtained in this way of Persian Yellow and some other varieties which do
106 LUIGI BIA OSI Tie
not strike from cuttings, and it is the only method by which certain kinds can be pro- duced on their own roots.
Besides the methods spoken of, roses are also produced from seed, but this is only done where it is purposed to secure stocks, as seedling Briers, or where it is the aim to obtain new varieties.
IX.
EXHIBITING ROSES.
eae | NTIL recently little attention has, =MXVNS1 in this country, been given to a careful exhibition of roses, but of
Ne:]] late years a decided interest has er ee in the matter, and very credit- able displays are now made in Boston and New York. The Massachusetts Horticultural Society has done a great deal to encourage exhibits of cut-roses, and the numerous boxes of splendid flowers to be seen at Boston every June attract admirers from all parts of the land. Much has been written and said for and against the exhibition of cut-roses in boxes. Objectors to the system claim that wrong impressions are given to the public; amateurs see beautiful flowers of a certain variety, and are thereby led to purchase and attempt to grow plants of it, only to discover that they don’t grow; the variety being of feeble constitution and requiring skilful treatment, lives but a dismal life at their
107
To8 THE ROSE.
hands, and it is finally discarded as worthless; or it may be, the sort in question proves to be a kind that gives a few good blooms in June and plenty of shoots and leaves the rest of the year, but nothing else. Wrong im- pressions are doubtless often received at these exhibits, for to gain by observation a correct impression of the general qualities of any variety it must be seen at different times, erowing in the garden or nursery row in quantity. On the other hand, these exhibi- tions certainly make prominent the more beautiful roses, and as we are first attracted to a rose by the richness or delicacy of its color, and the symmetry of its form, we have placed before us for easy comparison the highest types of beauty to be found in the rose family; and although from seeing in- dividual flowers we learn nothing of the character of varieties, as respects profusion and continuity of bloom, or vigor and health- fulness of growth, we, nevertheless, can be assured that those kinds which appear /re- guently and in great perfection in different boxes are kinds which will certainly be useful ones for general cultivation. Varieties, particularly those not of recent origin, which now and then sparsely appear in great beauty, are not to be trusted on prima-facie evidence.
EXHIBITING ROSES. 109
The warning, “trust her not, she’s fooling thee,” should be borne in mind in the exam- ination of the beauties of these erratic stars, and no one should commit himself in allegi- ance to them without some knowledge of their actual worth.
The following rule of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society referring to boxes for exhibition is given for the information of those interested in the matter. All roses competing for prizes, except those for the general display, must be exhibited in boxes of the dimensions named below:
Length. Breadth. Height.
For 24 roses, 4 ft. 1 ft. 6in. Back of box, 6in. ; front, 4in. Sipxr2)rosess eit. 2.ine, x ftont os Ohlsen ‘* 6 roses, x ft.6in. 1x ft. 6 in. sf Goi,8 SP Asta, SeauLoOses. Litt © ft. 6)1n: os Gre 9 ihe
One of the most important points con- nected with showing roses is the proper ar- rangement as regards size and colors of the flowers.
“Cut first of all your grandest blooms, be- cause no Mede nor Persian ever made law more unalterable than this: Zhe largest roses must be placed at the back, the smallest in the Jront, and the intermediate in the middle of your boxes. They become by this arrange- ment so gradually, beautifully less, that the
IIo UEIEIR IK OSH
disparity of size is imperceptible. Trans- gress this rule, and the result will be dis- astrous, ludicrous, as when some huge Lon- don carriage-horse is put in harness with the paternal cob, or as when some small but am- bitious dancer runs round and round the tallest girl at the ball in the gyrations of the mazy waltz... The arrangement of roses with regard to their color has not been studied as it deserves to be. The amateur with more leisure than the man of business for the study of the beautiful, and for the most effective display of his fewer flowers, ought to excel, but, asarule, does not. His roses are very rarely made the most of in this respect, but are frequently marred and spoiled, the colors clashing and contending with each other instead of combining against their common adversary. It is told of a highly sensitive dame whose silly pride was in dress, that she went into hysterics before a large party when her great rival in milli- nery came and sat upon the ottoman beside her in a grand garment of the same color as her own, but of amuch more brilliant and effective dye; and I have seen many arose which would weep, if it could, aromatic rose- water, subdued by alike despair. Once upon a time six pretty sisters lived at home to-
EXHIBITING ROSES. III
gether always. In looks, in figure, in voice, gait, and apparel, they exactly resembled each other. Young gentlemen seeing them apart, fell madly in love, as young gentlemen ought to do; but on going to the house and being introduced to the family they were bewildered by the exact similitude, didn’t know which they had come to see, couldn’t think of proposing at random, made blunders, apologies, retreats. It seemed as though all these charming flowers would be left to wither on the virgin thorn, when one of them was permitted to leave her home upon a visit toa distant friend. She returned in six weeks dien fiancée, and six months after was a bride. Therest followed her example. So it is that six scarlet roses or six pink roses in close proximity perplex the spectator and depreciate each other by their monotonous identity; isolated or contrasted we admire them heartily.” *
Roses should be cut and placed in their proper positions for exhibition in the same boxes in which they are to be shown previous to the time appointed for exhibition. Some favored individuals who live close by the place where the show is held find it practica- ble to bring the flowers in baskets or trays,
* “ A Book about Roses,’’ Chapter XIV., S. Reynolds Hole.
112 DTLLE CEO STS.
and arrange them in their proper positions in the room where they are to be displayed two or three hours before the time appointed for the judges to go theirround. Whenroses come from any distance they should be care- fully arranged at home, and then when the boxes arrive at destination any flowers that suffered in transit can be replaced from the supply put up for this purpose. The day be- ing cloudy and cool, roses may be cut at any time, but it is prudent to rely on the early morning hours as the best time for the pur- pose. An experience in cutting roses at sun- rise, on afresh cool morning in June, is an experience worth living for. A careful ex- amination of one’s treasures the day before the flowers are to be cut will enable one to estimate the strength on hand and decide finally as to what classes shall be contended for. All the details should be considered in advance, and the writing of cards, giving of names of varieties, providing green moss, etc., not left till the last moment. Ama- teurs who do not comprehend the manner of construction of exhibition boxes and the way the flowers are to be arranged in them, would do well to apply to the Secretary of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Horti- cultural Hall, Boston, who will have sent to
EXHIBITING ROSES. 113
them a box from which they can pattern, or all the boxes required will be sent; he will also furnish the schedule of prizes offered by the society. I mention this society because its exhibits are of higher character than any others, both as regards the quality of the flowers displayed and the general arrange- ments and facilities afforded. Boston excels in the exhibit of Hybrid Remontants, while New York stands first in staging fine Teas, but at both places displays are made that should have the encouragement of all who are interested in the improvement of our Tose Paap Hions.
x
ROSES UNDER GLASS. BY J. N. MAY.
pag) HERE are a number of roses which 1} do not attain perfection when grown in open air, and others that eee} «6do not thrive at all except under glass. For these it is necessary to provide a rose-house, which, besides enabling us to grow satisfactorily the delicate kinds, will supply us with flowers during the winter months of any more robust sorts we choose to grow. Ifitis desired to grow more than one family of roses, two or more houses are desirable, so that they can be treated to suit their several requirements. Tea Roses need one treatment, Hybrid Perpetuals and nearly all hardy roses require another somewhat different. I will first give the treatment re- quisite for insuring the best results with Tea Roses, commencing with their propagation. CUTTINGS.—Use young, vigorous wood taken from healthy plants; the wood is in the right condition when the flower buds are 114
bs Sots
ROSES UNDER GLASS. 115
well developed. Take cuttings with two or three leaf stalks, remove the lower one and make a smooth cut, if possible just beneath where the leaf stalk was removed; with the back of the knife knock off all thorns from the wood and insert the cutting in your bed of sand; press around the cutting firmly, and water thoroughly with tepid water. After this process the cuttings should never be al- lowed to get dry, the sand must be kept moist by frequentsyringing. If the tempera- ture of the houseis kept at from fifty to fifty- five degrees at night and from sixty to seventy during the day, the cuttings will be well rooted in twenty-eight or thirty days after the day they are put in.
To know when they are in the right con- dition to pot off: with a thin, flat stick, care- fully pry a few out of the sand; if they have made roots one-half inch long, they can be potted. The soil must be prepared by taking three parts good loam, one part sand, one part well-rotted cow-manure; these are to be thoroughly mixed and placed in a warm position. Use two-and-a-half-inch pots, press about the cuttings firmly; when potted place near the glass. Do not water heavily fora few days; until they begin to grow freely a light syringing, just enough to keep the
116 THE ROSE.
plants from becoming dry, is all that is necessary.
In about three weeks, the plants, if prop- erly treated, will be ready to shift into four or five-inch pots. Thesame care used in the first potting must be observed in this. By watering the plants an hour or so before shifting, they will leave the pot with a ball of earth, and thus but slight check or disturb- ance is given to the growth of the plants. The pots should always be filled to the amount of one-fourth or one-fifth their depth with broken pieces of pots, or similar sub- stances, in order to secure perfect drainage. After four or five weeks’ growth the plants should be ready for the second shift, when Six or seven-inch pots will be needed. The same soil should be used, but with the addi- tion of one shovelful of pure ground bone to every forty shovels of soil; this must be well mixed. In shifting plants always use clean pots.
The best time to make cuttings is during the month of January; if you cannot obtain good cuttings of your own, order young plants from some good grower, to be delivered to you some time in February or March. These plants will probably be from two-and- a-half-inch pots and will be ready for their
ROSES UNDER GLASS. 117
first shift. Do not order the plants sent by mail, for under no circumstances will plants by mail ever be as good as those sent by ex- press; for the reason that the soil is shaken off the roots when prepared for mailing, and the roots get damaged in transit. I would tather pay double the price for every plant I wanted and have them come by express than have them mailed at one-half the price.
After the sun causes the temperature of the house to rise during the day, as during mild, clear days in February, March, and April, careful attention must be paid to ventilation; air is to be given from the ridge, never from the front, until after the first of June, or the plants will suffer from mildew, etc. The Aphis must be kept off by tobacco fumiga- tion; neverallow the plants to becomein the least infested. Prevent mildew by dusting flowers of sulphur on the pipes’ or flues, which should previously be moistened with water.
The plants will be ready for removal from the houses to open air about the first of June. The position chosen for plunging the roses must not be one exposed to sweeping winds or strong draughts of air. The pots may be plunged in a bed of coal-ashes, or any similar
118 LIE OSE,
material, about four inches in depth. The plants should be syringed once a day to keep them healthy; if the surface of the soil be- comes green carefully remove it and fill up with fresh soil. When the pots are filled with roots we give the final shift for the sea- son, using eight, nine, or ten-inch pots ac- cording to the size and strength of the plant. If itis desired to grow the plants on benches, out of pots, this last shift isnot used. For this purpose the side benches should not ex- ceed three feet six inches in width, and next the front should be twelve or fourteen inches from the glass. The benches must be so made as to hold five or six inches of soil, and the bottom boards laid one-half inch apart, so as to secure good drainage; over the cracks are placed thin sods, the grass side downward; these prevent the soil from being washed away by watering. The first bench being nearer the glass than the others should’ be used for the more delicate growing kinds, like, Niphetos,: ete. . it “the house tbe mot pitched too high, the middle bench can be made level, like the front one, using the back portion for the taller growing sorts. The third bench, if there be one, must be raised so as to bring the plants about the same dis- tance from the glass as does the first one.
ROSES” ONDER GLASS. 119
The plants should be placed about sixteen or eighteen inches apart, each way, and should be in position in June or July. When well established and growing freely, give them a mulching of good rotten manure mixed with bone-dust; one shovel bone-dust to twenty of manureisa good proportion. The amount of water to be given will vary with the weather; during clear and hot days they should have a vigorous spraying, given by a syringe or from the hose, twicea day. When it is cloudy or cool they may need but aslight sprinkling once a day. The soil should never be allowed to become dry so as to show dust, or to be saturated with water; either extreme is dangerous to the health of the plants. From the time of planting out, say the last of June, until the middle of Septem- ber, or until the nights become chilly, all the ventilators should be constantly left wide open; when cool weather begins they must be closed at night, but air should always be given from the ridge during the day, unless the weather be adverse. It should be the endeavor to keep the temperature fifty-five degrees at night, and sixty-five to eighty de- erees during the day. If these instructions are carefully heeded, there will be an abun- dant supply of fine roses all through the sea-
120 LH ROSE,
son, from the first of October to the end of the following June, when the same process will be repeated. Although the old plants can be used for a second season, I do not advocate it; the extra expense and trouble of renewing the beds of soil and the plants every season, I have proved by experience is more than compensated for by the better and more constant supply of fine blooms.
If it is decided to grow the plants in pots all the season a somewhat different treat- ment is to be followed. After the final shift the plants are again placed on the bed of ashes, where they are constantly to be watched and cared for, the dead leaves picked off and the surface of the soil occasionally stirred, care being taken not to disturb the young roots. During hot weather it is best to water in the evening, but when the nights become cool the morning is a better time. By the middle of August we slightly with- hold watering, so that the plants may obtain a hardy constitution and a partial rest of a few weeks. The greenhouses should be thoroughly cleaned, ready to receive the plants by the middle of September. After the plants are housed they should be mulched with thoroughly rotted cow-manure, fifteen parts, mixed with one part pure ground bone.
ROSES UNDER GLASS. 121
As much is to be placed on each pot as will remain and not wash off. The soil is to be examined to see that it does not get too wet. In ten or fifteen days after the plants are placed in the house they will begin to show plenty of blooms, and will continue to push forth buds all the winter. By the first of December, if the plants are doing well, they should have a little weak liquid manure. Place one-half bushel of fresh cow-manure in a barrel containing fifty gallons of water; stir it thoroughly and let it stand two days before using. The plants may be allowed to become a little dry before the liquid is ap- plied; it can be used once a week. Chicken manure is also excellent, applied in the same way, but as it is stronger, about twice the amount of water should be used. When neither of these fertilizers can be had, Peru- vian guano, two pounds to fifty gallons of water, may be substituted. A peck of soot tied in a coarse bag and allowed to stand in water for several hours, is alsoa useful stim- ulant. To destroy worms and keep the soil sweet a dose of lime-water may occasionally be given with excellent results. One peck of fresh lime is placed in a barrel, and enough water added to it to slake it, as a mason would do in making mortar. When the lime
122 THT OSL:
has been slaked, add fifty gallons of water and then let it stand until clear.
The mulching about the plants may be renewed during the winter, and toward spring the liquid manure can be given more inequenthy than atwthe arse, At the endiot£ the season, say the first week in June, the plants should be removed from the green- house to the plunging ground; itis desirable now to plunge the pots up to the rim, as this keeps the plants somewhat moist, and much less water is required. ‘The supply of water should be gradually lessened, that the growth may be checked and the plants obtain a few weeks’ rest; in doing this, care must be had that the young wood doesnot shrivel. After atest of about five weeks, the plants are to be shifted into pots one or two sizes larger. By the middle of August it will be time to cut away all weak wood, reserving the young and strong shoots; these should be tied to neat stakes. As the plants show signs of forming new growth, a little more water must be given; they should be housed by the middle of September and treated the same way as in the previous year.
Hybrid Perpetual Roses must be managed differently from the Teas. They are propa- gated and grown in the same way until the
ROSES UNDER GLASS. 123
first of September, when they should be sorted, and all those having the strongest and ripest wood placed by themselves. Water is to be gradually withheld until growth stops, this will be in two or three weeks; the pots are then to be laid on their sides, on a bed of coal-ashes; if the weather is hot and dry cover the pots with rough grass, hay, or any light material; in this condition they can, if desired, remain several weeks, provided they are not allowed to get hard frozen.
Presuming that the blooms are required for New Year’s, the plants should be thoroughly ripened by the 25th of Septem- ber, and must be pruned about that time; in doing this remove entirely all weak shoots and shorten the strong ones to within a few buds of the base, cutting back to a plump eye. Stand the pots up and water them a little at a time till the balls are soaked through; on warm days, syringe the tops frequently. Should the nights get frosty place the plants ina pit or cold frame, cover- ing with sashes. If no such place be ready the plants must be removed to the green- house; in any event they will need to go there when the eyes have well started. Be sure to give plenty of air on all mild days,
124 LATE RO SE:
and syringe two or three times a day, accord- ing to the heat of the sun. Do not allow the temperature to exceed forty degrees at night for the first three weeks; after that it can be gradually increased to forty-five degrees. In early November, special care must be taken not to overwater, at the same time the plants must never be allowed to get dry from the time the plants start into growth until the blooms are cut. The temperature will be kept at forty-five degrees for the night, or a very little above that point, until the flower buds form; so soon as the buds are well de- veloped the night temperature can be gradu- ally increased to fifty-five degrees. So soon as it is seen that the flower buds are forming, liquid manure may be given, as directed for Tea Roses.
If the flowers are wanted any earlier than January the plants must be ripened corre- spondingly early. It generally takes fourteen weeks from the time of starting to bring Hy- brid Perpetual Roses into bloom. The loca- tion, soil, etc., all exert influences in this matter, and the operator must adapt himself to the circumstances of the case. Certainly there is no royal road to success in forcing roses; it is only by hard work, patient and careful watching, night and day, that success
ROSES UNDER GLASS. 125
can be obtained. When the crop of flowers is cut the plants can be treated about the same as the Teas, excepting they will not need quite so much water for a few weeks until they begin to grow freely again; then encouragement should be given them, for the finer the growth now the better will be the produce the next season. At the begin- ning of June they can be taken out of doors and receive the same treatment as young plants.
Varieties suitable for forcing are numer- ous (see Chapter XI. for list of varieties), perhaps the best dark ones for very early work are General Jacqueminot and Fisher Holmes. Varieties of Tea Roses suitable for forcing are almost innumerable, and every grower has his favorites; among the newer sorts some of the Hybrid Teas will certainly rank among the first.
For this chapter readers are indebted to Mr. J.N. May, of Summit, N.J., a practical cui- tivator, one of the most successful rosarians who grow flowers for the New York market. Roses under glass are nowhere brought to such perfection as in the neighborhood of Summit and Madison, New Jersey. In the English rose exhibitions are yet to be seen
126 THLE, ROSE.
the finest specimens of hardy roses, but to see the most beautiful blooms of Tea Roses that the world produces we must go to New Jersey; this chapter, from one of the adepts, will therefore be of great practical value to all who are interested in growing roses through the winter months.
XI.
VARIETIES BEST ADAPTED FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES.
The kinds marked with an asterisk (*) should be jirst chosen.
(Sep JOR PEGGING-DOWN AND BEDDING.— AW Syh| For this purpose monthly roses are the best, and in selecting suit- able varieties, several necessary Baalities must be considered. When we plant roses in isolated positions we often do so having regard to some special features which, by themselves, would not make the varieties of value for massing together. Thus, Maréchal Niel and Niphetos are not desirable kinds, though they are the finest roses of their color. The requisites for a good bedding rose are, freedom of bloom, healthy habit of growth, and pure, steadfast color. Symmetry of form, fragrance, and fulness of flower should also be taken into consideration. 127
128 THE ROSE.
We commend the following:
*Aorippina, *Apolline, Edward Désfosses, *George Peabody, *Hermosa, Queen of Bour- bons, *Malmaison, Madame Caroline Kus- ter, Pumila, Bougére, Catherine Mermet, Countess Riza du Parc, General Tartas, *Gérard Desbois, *Homer, Jean Pernet, *La Princesse Véra, Madame de Vatry, *Madame Lambard, Marie Ducher, Marie Guillot, *Marie Van Houtte, *Monsieur Furtado, *Perle des Jardins, Rubens, *Sombreuil, Souvenir d’un Ami, Triomphe de Luxem- bourg, *La France, Michael Saunders, Paquerette, Soupert-et-Notting (Moss), Co- quette des Alpes, *Eliza Boelle, Madame Auguste Perrin.
The Hybrid Remontants are not quite so useful for bedding roses as those above named, since they are not continuously in bloom, but they are very beautiful massed together and are capable of producing great effects. All of these are desirable:
Abel Grand, *Alfred Colomb, Anne de Diesbach, Annie Wood, Baronne Prévost, Baroness Rothschild, Boieldieu, *Countess of Serenye, Charles Lefebvre, Charles Mar- gottin, Countess of Oxford, *Eugénie Ver- dier, *Fisher Holmes, *Francgois Michelon, Gabriel Tournier, General Jacqueminot,
VARIETIES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES. 129
Hippolyte Jamain, *John Hopper, La Reine, La Rosiére, Louis Van Houtte, Mabel Mor- rison, Madame Charles Wood, Madame V. Verdier, *Marguérite de St. Amand, *Marie Baumann, Paul Neyron, Pierre Notting, *Rev. J.B. M. Camm, Victor Verdier.
For Forcinc.—We need for this purpose varieties that will flower freely and that are of high finish; only the most beautiful should be grown.
Among Monthly Roses the most desirable are: * Agrippina, Douglass, Souvenir de la Malmaison, Cloth of Gold, Maréchal Neil, Marie Berton, Bon Silene, *Catherine Mermet (not very free, but most beautiful), *Cornelia Cook (same attributes as Mermet), Homer, Innocente Pirola, *Isabella Sprunt, Jean Per- net, *Madame Bravy, *Madame de Vatry, Madame Lambard, *Marie Guillot, *Marie Van Houtte, Monsieur Furtado, Niphetos, Odorata, *Perle des Jardins, *Rubens, Sa- frano, Souvenir d’un Ami, Triomphe de Luxembourg, Beauty of Stapleford, Captain Christy, Duke of Connaught, La France, Madame A. Bernaix, Mademoiselle B. Violet, Nancy Lee, Viscountess Falmouth, Soupert- et-Notting (Moss), *Eliza Boelle, Madame Noman.
Among Hybrid Remontants choose from
9
130 LIER SR OPSIH,
Abel Carriére, *A. Colomb, Anne de Dies- bach, *Baroness Rothschild, Charles Lefeb- vre, Countess Cécile, *Countess of Serenye, Countess of Oxford, Etienne Levet, *Eugénie Verdier, *Fisher Holmes, Francois Michelon, General Jacqueminot, H. Jamain, Jean Lia- baud, *John Hopper, Louis Van Houtte, Mabel Morrison, La Rosiére, *Mareuerite de St. Amande, Marie Baumann, Paul Neyron, Pierre Notting, *Rev. J.B. M. Camm, V. Ver- dier.
CLIMBING ROSES FOR CONSERVATORY.— Aimée Vibert Scandens, Banksia White, Banksia Yellow, *Céline Forrestier, Claire Carnot, Cloth of Gold, *Lamarque, Maréchal Niel, *Solfaterre, Belle Lyonnaise, *Gloire de Dijon, Madame Bérard, *Marie Berton, Reine Marie Henriette.
HARDY ROSES, THAT ARE FREE AUTUMNAL SORTS.—Gloire de Dijon, *La France, Vis- countess Falmouth, Salet, Soupert-et-Not- ting. Allthe Hybrid Noisettes. Abel Grand, *Alfred Colomb, Antoine Verdier, Annie Wood, Baronne Prévost, *Baroness Roths- child, *Boieldieu, Caroline de Sansal, *Coun- tess of Serenye, Etienne Levet, Eugénie Verdier, *Francois Michelon, Gabriel Tour- nier, General Washington, Hippolyte Jamain, Horace Vernet, John Hopper, Jules Margot-
VATIE TIES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES. 131
tin, La Reine, Louis Van Houtte, Mabel Morrison, Madame Charles Wood, *Mar- guérite de St. Amand, Marie Baumann, Monsieur Noman, Paul Neyron, Princess Charlotte, *Rev. J. B. M. Camm, Victor Ver- dier. These are not all perfectly hardy; for list of such kinds see below.
HIGHLY SCENTED ROoSsES.—With but few exceptions all Moss Roses. Blanchefleur, Centifolia, Madame Hardy, *Maréchal Niel, Aline Sisley, *Bon Siléne, Catherine Mermet, Countess Riza du Parc, *Devoniensis, Jules Finger, *Madame Bravy, Madame F. Janin, Marie Van Houtte, *Odorata, Rubens, Sou- venir d’un Ami, *Duchess of Connaught, Hon. George Bancroft, *La France, *Nancy Lee, *Viscountess Falmouth, *Soupert-et- Notting, *Alfred Colomb, Baronne Prévost, Bessie Johnson, Fisher Holmes, General Jacqueminot, Horace Vernet, Louis Van Houtte, Mme. Chirard, *Madame Victor Ver- dier, Marie Baumann, Marie Rady, Maurice Bernardin, Pierre Notting, Prince de Porcia, Queen of Waltham, *Rev. J. B. M. Camm, Xavier Olibo.
THE MOST HARDY RoSES.—Abel Grand, Anne de Diesbach, Baron de Bonstetten, *Baronne Prévost, Baroness Rothschild, Boieldieu, Caroline de Sansal, Charles Mar-
132 THE ROSE.
gottin, Countess of Serenye, Edward Morren, Francois Michelon, General Jacqueminot, Jules Margottin, *La Reine, Mabel Morrison, Madame Boll, Madame Joly, Marchioness of Exeter, Marguérite de St. Amande, Marquise de Castellane, Maurice Bernardin, Rev. J. B. M. Camm. All summer roses, with scarce any exception, are hardy, more so than any of the Hybrid Remontants. The most hardy of the Monthly Roses are Apolline, Edward Désfosses, Hermosa, Louise Odier, Aimée Vibert, Caroline Marniesse, Gloire de Dijon, Reine Marie Henriette, Bougére, Gérard Desbois, Homer, Madame de Vatry, Marie Ducher, Sombreuil.
THE MOST BEAUTIFUL ROSES, OR THOSE SUITED FOR EXHIBITION.—Souvenir de la Malmaison, Cloth of Gold, *Maréchal Niel, Madame Bérard, *Marie Berton, *Catherine Mermet, *Cornelia Cook, *Homer, *Madame Bravy, *Marie Guillot, Marie Van Houtte, Monsieur Furtado, Niphetos, Perle des Jar- dins, *Rubens, Souvenir d’un Ami, *Captain Christy, *La France, Madame Alexander Bernaix, Princess Lousie Victoria, *Eliza Boelle, *Madame Noman, A. Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Abel Carriére, *A. Colomb, A. K. Williams, Baron de Bonstetten, * Baroness Rothschild, *Charles Lefebvre, Charles Mar-
VARIETIES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES. 133
gottin, Countess Cécile, Countess of Serenye, Edward Morren, Egeria, *Eugénie Verdier, _*E, Y. Teas, Fisher Holmes, Francois Miche- lon, George Prince, Horace Vernet, *Jean Liabaud, John Hopper, Jules Margottin, La Rosiére, *Louis Van Houtte, Mabel Morri- son, *Madame Victor Verdier, Marguérite de st. Amand, *Marie Baumann, *Marie Rady, Marquise de Castellane, Maurice Bernardin, Monsieur Noman, Paul Neyron, *Pierre Not- ting, *Rev. J. B. M, Camm, Victor Verdier, *Xavier Olibo,
20 RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES.
er. TH the immense number of vari- =| eties produced and sent out each year, it would be well if we had VENONS) some criterion which would en- ae us to select the probably meritorious sorts from the mass of kinds which are worth- less. We have, as yet, no better guide than the reputation of the raisers; by comparing the best sorts of the different growers we can estimate with some exactness the value each grower has been to the world; judging from what we have received in the past, we can estimate, in a measure, the value of that proffered annually by the different raisers of new roses.
The best sorts of each raiser are given in the accompanying list, and are those kinds most generally grown the world over.
* These raisers are dead, or have retired from business, or are not likely to be heard from again.
134
RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 135
The abbreviations used describing the classes are: A.—Austrian; B.—Bourbon; Beng.—Bengal; Cl. T.—Climbing Tea; D. —Damask; Hy. Cl.—Hybrid Climber; Hy. N.—Hybrid Noisette; H. R.—Hybrid Re- montant; H. T.--Hybrid Tea; M.—Moss; N.—Noisette; P.—Prairie; P. M.—Perpetual Moss; Pol.—Polyantha; Prov.—Provence; T.—Tea,
*Baumann. France. Marie MB Auman... 65. cau heue goa HiRes 1863
*Jean Béluze. Uyons, France. His first variety was sent out in 1840.
Souvenir de la Malmaison............ B. 1843 WCEVESOMGOWEL Asc cchee use Seelne cele uses i 1846
flenry Bennett. England. First variety issued in 1879.
Beauty of Stapleford. ......5... 2. iy. 1879 Duchess of Connaught... ......... “ 1879 Wuchess/of Westminster........... * 1879 Duke of Connaveht.y 2.0008: S. es 1879 Elon. George: Bancroit............ ie 1879 eae sisleyiy Se atir vents acne = 1879 Michaels Saunders). ses 5 8. 2 kite fe * 1879 IN aNaleyieal LIE. sd SAUNA A EMS eet Orel M 1879 JEG) ERI NA, Sees naan al HOR Ga FR ye 1879
Viscountess Falmouth............. =< 1879
136 THE ROSE.
These were raised by other parties, but were purchased and sent out by Bennett.
Duchess of Edinburgh............. H.R. 1874 Biseride sue ncice . Di fte eho eee 5 1878 Lerd Beaconsheld. ..:8 -. 232252322." * 1878 Mabel Morrison: .:: 835-85. 5.<:582.: 5 1878 Madame jWelele J5. 0.2.2. cen 25 22 ar: 1878
*Daniel Boll. New York. Madame Boll (sent out by Boyeau) H.R. 1859
*Boyeau. France.
SOIEALCENC Sch cock Me ers eee eee N 1843 Souvenir de Mons. Boll............ H.R 1866
Broughton. (Amateur.) England. Nael: MOrrISone. ¢ 6s jad Ae ee ee H.R. 1878
B. R. Cant. Colchester, England. Primes Arter 68.2 2 eet ee H.R. 1875
Sctpion Cochet. France. Souv. de la Reine d’Angleterre....H.R. 1855
Anthony Cook. (Koch.) Baltimore, Md. Romnelia Cook 22. 65.0 0. a eee T 1855
Cranston & Co. King’s Acre, England.
RAISERS OF. THE BEST ROSES.
frederick Damazzin. Lyons, France.
Introduced his first variety in 1857.
Mademoiselle Rachel............... aS MMemame, Chanes. 2 20... ghks O i POPU TANGO os 2 oo Sears es ale Be cae s H.R. RG CNELO). 25) oe doch ccc no cane os Madame Nachury 2. J... ....c.s0-%: 3 MP AROSIET OO? oSelota's Sisto wi oni cletis's ties 6 ss
Davis. England.
BH OIODC MAYO) ac icici os oi canes Boe HR: * Desprez. France.
IES BECZ PPR kl sc isan o Sere Oo eee bese N.
BASORHE ME TCVOSL. = s oict-is . S4ce Seite oR.
Saronic Ge SanSal 2 225). /i.sc ces se -
Ducher and Widow. Lyons, France.
First variety sent out in 1852.
elome de Ducher ..25..5.6. 2... 82... HER: MELEE TCECS cos rt ein se = mmcoine Dticher: : 2: 3.25 2.5.2 Mee Es WeritGEP CHET 3.2 5 Ts doses ERS 4 DHEMCr 2S E452... eats Sea sets rate ses eee SONS Beng Gesmuctie de Hyon. 2.5... .tees)-4: s. WEBI MVAT SET OUCLC: civcso-s nies ces O48 Peer VOR 805 ae Renton ond = Moamtede Sembit : 2 v.02. fo. 36 23s BAe PR ACHCE ai eo 2 ot Sle cis eos loda/o . Metreeniale ROCESS > romphe deMitan... 2.22). 2...5.. * Madame Maurice Kuppenheim..... a eanocente: Pirolay2 2: s5. 6. esses. s oe a
137
1860 1864 1865 1866 1873 1874
1878
1838 1842 1849
1865 1865 1866 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1874 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878
138 LE ROSE:
Madame Welche............ et ah £3 Cat OLENOISE etn heen sy dala ie ASS PANG CT, is i0's eae ols oo able eee “i Madame sous Hentyin.. 2) )cn.5o- N.
Mademoiselle Cécile Brunner....... Pol.
* Feast, Baltimore, Md.
JANG nib Yoo (Fe hnglte Pee ae ny aes ne ena ea 12 IBAIEMMNOTE wbelle: ae veces bs oe thee eee z: Owe vors Prairies: saeece ene Leer ey
* Fontaine pere. Chatillon, France.
Oucen Victorian oe eects eee ELE: Manew Chass Crapeletia ee ere see fe WATICRIRACV Aye ti cama ete ii Wore n Charles Fontaine. Chatillon, France. PV OUIS WOT sais cece et We teh Seraae le eenet ER. Garcon. Rouen, France. Mime; ippolyte jamaine:: 2.2.2. Pik: I OLCIAIC Gy cin ication ieneeere- tis eer oe Fa
Gautreau. France. CannillesBeriarciis. sane ee Eee
J. M. Gonod. Lyons, France. Introduced his first variety in 1863.
chiller Gonos ase eee EGR Mime ous Monadine. ca. one 7 Mme. Anna de Besobrasoff......... ri Mme. Eugéne Chambeyran......... Mile. s|whieeDyinowien 0.5.0. ease i:
RATSERS OPOLHE BEST ROSES.
Granger. General Washington............... ELK. Westies Derilardia? ol 2 sss6% so 2s cm ane ot Wellinston.. 52.252... Pexaesition de Brie: i223 66052 23be26e- - AEC AOTC SS 5 ach oils tn 32 2-2 %
* Guzllot pere. Wyons, France. Introduced his first variety in 1842.
Prechesse de Thuringe.........-...%. B TSE cic oiro\ais oon 0! leita dioeyn Moa els Ay POUR APAAN So gs case ctenls sevice a a. EER BIEMALCISE: WAISSC oo ccd ccc pecseaeoe se = Mme. Bellenden Ker............... H.N Measicnc NORMAN, occ lo eee acc ce H.R MA IN OMIA aise iia silo st ise Ds H.N BMEICSSEOL ORION: ois ocd oc ioe oe H.R WAZA GOCE Sls. 5 siesl 2 bsecdseees H.N
J. B. Guillot fils. Wyons, France. Introduced his first variety in 1858.
NER NICOL oar Soc v.08 oo 3, ae dip MEIC CONE TICE sooo od nosis bub belioin si ER Mime. Marcottin: 22 oo. tots See As di ALA oe eer oe EE. rp MEe NCTOICT 53.0: ain a be ee aa H.R. Catherine: Mermet: 2... 53552 b2.ds J tes Comtesse de Nadaillac............. ie UM BCUSTALNCTON, © 555 ass ocbscn bese ce? gS Pg he Wirie CAagnOts sos bose os wo bse oes N.
RMR ES SISION IS M24 ap icin oo 2 obs 2 4 is
139
1861 1861 1864 1865 1868
1847 1852 1854 1859 1866 1867 1867 1869 1869
1858 1866 1366 1867 1869 1869 1871 1871 1873 1874
140 L1HE ROSE.
——e———e—e _SsSsSsSsSsS——sh
MMiarietGmillotss.. y. .seek) oe Lee a: LEST ULC) WCh = re ae a a ne es Pol. Mane; Alex Bernaix;........0 0 seo) le Gel be Mme. Angéle Jacquier.......4..... Ty pierre (Griloty idee) el. a oats let Abs * Guinoiseau. France. Bopereur de Maroc..24..> 5054.8 ax, * Hardy. Paris, France. Mime ATG ya sas. cos. eee nee Dam. BOMRSITCMe EL ne hss Moen Set tee an
* Harrison. (Amateur.) New York.
Evarrison ss Vellow... 565). wee A,
* Jacotot. (Amateur.) France.
SiloiresdeWijgny i.e ae ee CL. flippolyte Jamain. Paris, France. Mine eBOUCII: nui sean Mey eee eke Dupuy Jamainy st oe os eee eee - Constantin Dretiakott.,.5.........- = Pratl) Agate eee oe yee eee i
* Knight. England. Princess Woutse Victorias. oon eh (Cly
francois Lacharme. Uyons, France.
Introduced his first variety in 1844.
Wictor NErdICH: enn ya ne | le oe DAlSL. fae cee We te i | P.M POS IITA? AS one Ne ee sh aieetie H.R
RATSERS OF THE BEST ROSES. %t4%
mmme ae Diesbachy 25) 24.1is2 02> =! ELR 1858 Mawies Wefebvire..... 1225. teses ace 1861 Mme. A. de Rougemont........... H.N. 1862 RCT at GW Ge pe ae a RO IE Pe Ho, 1864 REGGE MOO LOTIANS 15) 218 yoy ieio sie 10.190 vera opa re Ze 1865 Baronne de Maynard............... H.N. 1865 @oaauette des AIPEs. ... 2... 00-2 0006 5 1867 BIO COIN C1 GF jo 505s ayrceo:'n fa: 5) ha ofoers cs 1367 Mae WAN ELOULLC So ahs «5 65 22+ +e rR: 1869 Coquette des Blanches............. H.N. 1871 Mime, VaAcharme,......5....-+. Hy. China 1872 AEA OC RTISLY 6.54 22 3:25.20 20 0% ae vee He: 1873 EI POOIV Le FAMAII 00. | 5 oot 3 20's git 1874 Gomntess of Serenye.......2 525. .25% 7 1874 NE AeSOMDCTL 3.6 oo oon). no pa csit cide He od 1875 ICME AAD ALG: AG fin gi ee ole 6 aS 1877 PALMCHING SOUPCTE. fi. eons yo 22 ELE: 1879 MAS ENO OT ens 5 hn: bn soonest > | a We 1879 * Taffay. Bellevue, France. SECS MOF IE) | AI ra ae ee H.R. 1839 Rabisaual Jesse: iss 80) 2 oees John oe ff 1840 Duchess of Sutherland............. se 1840 eA OPE see eS ahaha, Svat via bee dae ry 1844 Eatmcess, Adelaide, .. 6 cssc2 es vices M 1845 Canoe GA EEDE. oo. ioe he ben cbr. Hy. China — Js ECS 0 US sae RD EK. 1851 ASA RB Ae IS OE REE ee ee M. 1854 Capp jobs Tera.) coe. ccsien i 1856 REGHSICHY PUTIARO, 25 i355 ors leeies one's Ae 1863
* Lansezeur. France. Triomphe de Rennes.....:........ N. 1857
142 THE ROSE.
Thomas Laxton. Bedford, England.
mie MIGAX LOM crs Sapo ob oe ale os eo ELS 1869 Prigl CESS Wl OUISCR MS eusys dave pec ernie a 1869 IT pPTeSS .Of AM GTAr i tiene 8s sect a 1876 Bema tly i axtom acute disc .cae ie iils Siagos os 1877 Marchioness of Exeter............-. i 1877 MarsHiIgaxto my aecie oe cumMens aie ml, Zutibinrane 1878 Ruchardiivaxtomies: ce. Ris esate era enh a 1878 Charles WD arwan et :sc5. Gas wu ee eee t 1879 WDOCtOr MOS OR eek eiistee oe Ne re 1880 NirsSHarny Mautner. 456s centr a 1880
* Lécomte. France.
Marechalaviaiilante ners er eee H.R. 1861 Ledéchaux. France.
enn deedechatxs: soe wae eee eR: 1868
Madame) Herdinand Janin 222.5 09.. cs 1875
Weon Wena ye an eats eer = 1878
Antoine Levet. Lyons, France. Introduced his first variety in 1866.
Mademoiselle Thérése Levet....... H.R. 1866 Belle Way onnaises. 7.2 nke eee Chea: 1869 Madame Mbritle sis ss aa see se HN 1869 Path eNey rien cney cm chee kee nae ee H.R. 1869 Madame Berard 2525 eet ne Cray 1870 Madame siules Marcottini sy...) cbs 1871 Prancois sMachelonss stots ans) ERS 1871 Madame Francois Janin............ T. 1872 erie @esmarGilsSeme ere scar S- < 1874
Antoine, Mouton. 7.040.222 eke Jats )s. 1874
AUS ERS Ohmi Br ST ROSES; 143
NAIC MOerLON «Ge eine ets SO No aol Glen. 1875 Madame Etienne Ikevet. i... 22. .- leh 40. 1878 Mademoiselle Brigitte Violet....... a 1878 Reine Marie Henriette... .......... Cia: 1878 Madame Dicher =: sacs etic os 08s Jalal ey 1879 HAMICOIS IGCVC Ro Yoyo eck o's wal fe 1880
Lévégue & Son. Ivry, near Paris, France.
| DVSUG" GIS S06) 0 2 oar ee HGR: 1861 Pramewsblas DUO. 6 os b/s e5.ns need = 3 1868 Prexnenime: Wamy oo... yoko ee eines : 1868 eteiarGs WiAWACE i565 ene nide kote +: gag 1871 Madame Louise Lévéque.......... . 1873 AvGcat, Duvivier oo 00%... 64. is be oes Re 1875 erincess Charlotte... 5. se slee ds - 1877 GastomeLeveque 3)... ebb onettines ° 1878 Madame Chéedane Guinoiseau...... obs 1880
Liabaud. Wyons, France. Introduced his first variety in 1852.
Madame Clémence Joigneaux...... Heke 1861 eare Chenin ieee ke orn a 1865 Marquise de Mortemart............ ia 1868 Baron de Bonstetten: ... 2.00.05 ee i 1871 ieamelbiabaudss. ose creas : 1875 Mademoiselle Emma Hall......... ie 1876 Madame de Laboulaye............ on 1877 Madame Gabriel Luizet............ i 1878 Claude Bernardays: (2 ee se cee : 1878
* Marest. France. Comtesse Cécile de Chabriliant.....H.R. 1859
144 THE ROSE.
Margottin pere. Paris, France.
Mouise Odierno ae B. 1851 Alexandrine Bachmetieff........... HGR: 1852 sales Marcottimn cece gs se ee i 1853 riomphe de 1’Exposition’..:.0...- es 1855 Anne PAIESICH Cr EON ieee td ae: - 1858 Charles Marcotte a+. ose ee . 1864 Charles annem ji Gok as aces ae i. 1869 Madame de Ridder................ a 1871 sbriomphe de irancen. 6. ose. e H.R. 1875 Madame jeanne Joubert..04-444.5- B. 1877 Gloire de Bourg La Reine......... H.R. 1879 Margottin fils. Paris, France. Comte ide Mortemart: +32. 9550-5. oe" H.R. 1880 Madame Isaac Pereire ho)... 2 a B: 1880
Moreau-Robert. Angers, France.
Sombrewil, Ae oe pe ee ay AlN 1851
Madame Edward Ory...... Nee ere P.M. 1854
TOME. Se etetanl eee sd sees eee RB. 1859
IRUDeNS © aici een eter te sacs ie Saude 1859
Blanche: Morea is 2 eens cissmieecure M. 1880 Mottheau. France.
Comtesse de Choiseuil ............. H.R. 1878
Nabonnand. Golfe Juan, France. Duchess of Edinburgh (sent out by
ieitCh) eee ecius sh he weeny Hy. Beng. 1874 Canneswiva Coquette 252.35 eek: Hy. 2: 1877 La Princesseveram eof oes T. 1878
Duchesse de Vallombrosa......... 1879
RATSERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 45
* Nérard. France.
Bricttit OF BAtEleS etcaicbsicie.s scciere-siersvevs a0 H.R. 1846 Oger. France.
simon plic-de Beatite:.......2..... HOR: 1853
Madame Pierre Oger... 2. 2.6 ss.’ B. 1878
Has sent out upward of 25 varieties, none being of first quality.
Paul & Son (George Paul). Cheshunt, Eng.
Word. Clydence ast dees 8. he nee ad's H.R. 1863 Duke of Edinburgh. .......4.....6. ~ 1868 Climbing, Victor Verdier... ........ e 1871 Cheshunt Miybrid: .. .... .s.565 500+ isle aby 1872 Sueiceynolds Holey. co. 56.0 me een: Jabal eee 1872 ANIVES SS CEN 0 6 eee ea re rah < 1874 Duke of Connaught: .. 22. ....c/.er. - i 1875 Climbing Bessie Johnson.......... B 1878 [\Glitn Deval The he GaeGep bo cune como oc . 1878 Climbing Edward Moreen. si gcsbistattsi aps os 1879 Marquis of Salisbury ......:..0.«.- . 1879 Ben Ob MOC ois sai ae.ess soe cist ays 7 1880 Glory of Cheshunt, ......:...-....% -. : 1880 Wm. Paul & Son. Waltham Cross, Eng. Beatity: Of Waltham. .-./%1./..cs «066 3 H.R. 1862 Wonde Macaulay io... secs seg gate ne 7 1863 Princess: Beatrice ooo. ol Saves se ces by 1872 Peach Blossom. 2 ¢ eedsse la fee ess ms 1874 Oucen of Waltham: ..0..0.0....66¢8 1875 Star of Weaktiem ee foc vacceis nee s _ 1875 Maona Charta wan. sis soc wes -0 ss se 1876
IO
146 IDEM ISO SIH
Oneen Hleanorere css V.4 ce ee H.R. INOS LOR em in a eh eel Glew) eo euu wae i Ree Dudley baxter feito. cece e a CrOWNGETINCE! Rieke saeet o.ule ae oars “ IMIASECE PIECE Wea el Rs ae, a
James Pentland. Baltimore, Md.
J. Pernet. lyons, France.
Mademoiselle Bonnaire............ SNe Jcenal) Stepmales ely ie hme Man a aia Ae ue aL; Baroness Rothschilds). 5.) 2 eee ae Marquise de Castellane............ re Mme. Caroline Kuster............. ING SOMPCEL-CL-NOLUMIG ME tye ee one P.M. Souvenir de Mme. Pernet.......... AB: Charles Tovolli ete ce oo ek os Wilhelm Koclle: | tages.) te leloleee Herdinand Chattolte:.. 4... .4 .... s
* Joshua Pierce. Washington, D. C.
Mrs tuOvieye® o.S lathe On ee «Wearing es BR: Alvihbhaayo) eth ol Goma eR er scs tig Aa a as eGo:
* Portemer.
Introduced his first variety about 1837.
Walliams (Grititiy gy ie ce es Hk Wady Stuatte cee eee eiman fe be Hy.Ch. ierre NOttines ty... nat er eee ewe H.R.
1876 1878 1879 1880 1880
1856 1857
1859 1867 1867 1869 1873 1874 1875 1875 1878 1879
1850 1850
1850 1852 1863
RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES.
R. B. Postans. England.
Pre ONSEN! Sy cen yup ee bislea. se oe pels H.R. | Countess of Roseberry............. a Muchess of Bedtord: . 0.0.0... 66-3 *
* Pradel, France. MarcemnalliNiel. 5c. cok ./b< es dscacase 2 N.
* Rambeaux. France.
IN PUBW lied ATR ed oy ae ae ae ar ea A H.R. Anne Marie de Montravel......... Pol.
* Rousselet, France. General yacqueminot.. 0258.50... . JBiIRe
* Sansal. France.
Marguerite de St, Amand.......... ER: Joseph Schwartz. lyons, France. PASSE) ISOLA: 226 ft... ntsc es HR: PRINCES EDITING 0s hay wercressc clei Gea) arahe es = Duchesse de Vallombrosa.......... c Womtessemiza dus Pare. fh... es Ay Marquise Adéle de Murinais....... H.R. Jas ° UEGSY NYSE UTEET 0 8S ear a = eit nee lee rk SAS CES = Pericsr Chretien: sos ee vs eR Se i Word) Beaconstields se ss aks. eas is Madame Auguste Perrin.........°. H.N. Madame Oswald de Kerchove...... 7 reine Matian Rey o 5e scsi one sole els Ol. Ts)
147
1878 1879 1879
1864
1873 1879
1853
1864
1871 1871 1875 1876 1876 1877 1878 1878 1878 1878 1879 1880
148 THLE WO STS.
Rev. Fames Sprunt, D.D. Kenansville, N. C.
ames Sprunt:?....:5....2. sss Beng. Fsabella Sprumts 2300. ¢- one. ce oo ois T.
* Touvazs. France. WDUCKUS IC AZes oa item tir ecusis hele te as H.R. Wigan, jibes IDENh oo sn edo bousdauan i @éntifolia “ROSea es oo sao ie eee es i
* Troutllard. Angers, France.
Ie ene PA Pehts ae ae ats ereemra H.R. MirssStandishi: cholate ont if @éline Jhorestier oe ee er N.
Charles Turner. Slough, England.
Oita Sy MGI, | Soka odes agedboadca Jat, ee Royal Standard) 22. vaso cs sce ane - 2 IMiSS Ev assard tice co cette rae ects aah bh Rev: j-0B. M. Cartme. oo..085. 28: OOM AI oe, Mier cya ale clase chals of IMS Ke cree atone ccion boietelouciicle i Dean Of WindSOn wanes see ie s Dre Sewellinn. yaks oc. slew wetereccmons Ss Flaprison Weil: .. 0. sta eects se ores =
* Vanasche. France. icopoldmEremict= sss.) seenel erase H.R.
Chas. Verdier. Paris.
Duchesse de Caylus. 0. ........0.. H.R. Peecitl ViCEGIern cir trctrels geyser oa Hy.Ch.
1858 1865
1860 1861 1863
1859 1860 1860
1874 1874 1875 1875 1875 1875 1879 1879 1879
1863
1864 1866
KASH RS Obe tHE BEST ROSES, 149
Eugine Verdier. Paris.
Madame Chas; Wood. ....:........'. H.R. 1861 Prince Camille de Rohan.......... a 1861 Madame Victor Verdier............ " 1863 (HEC TRALS 3) EA GIGRY Cer ce Gens aa Aarne ee a wm 1864 DOCLOR AMODY soe we al Wes oe Cosel is ae 1864 BIGHT EEOIMES. | 25 20. Seca ns le wae cere qi 1865 Peaimcer ae Portia, . skis wee hk hdd ks i 1865 PAINT VV OO 5 ik cue eirioia) dan a Uke ine overs i 1866 uOMIASe NGS sak nk whinoe i 1873 me CAS 5 oe ys iet ce is ia lee, is 1874 PMpeIi@arniere . soe WS ee if 1875 @harles) Baltebe Mawr te es ee a 1877 Madame Alphonse Lavallée........ S 1878 Madame Eugéne Verdier........... . 1878 Souvenir de Victor Verdier......... “ 1878 Gomitesse de Wudre. 0s ease. = 1879
* Vector Verdier, Paris. Introduced his first variety in 1828.
PDIGEUGL ASS So chyna ck Pry eA pee eee La scues Beng. 1848 JE\SCVOVLUD OY: See aan OA Sire meio Tea ec Bourb. 1848 jJacques Vigneron. Orleans, France. Blizabet Vieneron. 00.524. ees 6. H.R. 1865
Glory of Waltham (sent out by W. 1 2CenU0 kG Re Geir ei aoe eRe ae ive Be? Hy.Cl. 1865 * Veberxt. Paris: Pues VANeTes eee wey. le ses) 3 N. 1828 Countess of Muminais 20) 402). J. M. 1843 Blaneheneune Gace POS. vio: Prov. 1846
Gio .08 Messess tae ho. pte lass M. 1852
150 THE ROSE.
Vzennot. France.
MarechaloWattlant. oc cn. 4. ete oe eRe 1861 Ward. Ipswich, England. JohmElop pers: Sen vra es ak ER: 1862
The standing of the various rosarians, now in business, who have sent out two or more sorts of good repute, is here placed in order
of merit.
1. Lacharme. Victor Verdier, Alfred Co-
lomb, Coquette des Alpes, Charles Lefe- bvre, are varieties of marked individu- ality, produced by him. He has sent out fewer poor or indifferent sorts than any other large grower. He raises few Teas.
2. Guillot fils. In La France and Catherine
Mermet, he has given us new types of wondrous beauty. Horace Vernet, Eugénie Verdier, and Marie Guillot, are sorts scarcely less fine. He furnishes about equal numbers of Teas and Hy- brid Remontants.
3. E. Verdier. Has sent out no Teas except
Maréchal Niel, but many more hardy kinds than any other grower. Most of those which have any value are crimson sorts. While he hasissued far too many
RAISERS ‘ORGOHE: BEST ROSES, Rgr
indifferent kinds, and so has injured his record, we cannot but be grateful to him for the lovely dark roses he has given us, like Prince Camille, Mme. Victor Ver- dier, and Fisher Holmes.
1 AS Wevet. EF. Michelon and Perle: des Jardins are his greatest gains. He is profuse in his production of climbing Teas of the Dijon type.
Ducher. “Strong in Teas.
. Paul & Son (George Paul). Has given us some dark kinds of wondrous beauty, but they do not thrive in our extreme climate. Perhaps some of his newer ones will be better adapted to our re- quirements. We miss very much in not being able to grow well S. Reynolds Elole Wetec:
. Schwartz. A.K. Williamsand Egeria are among the most beautiful roses, but lack a good constitution. Mesdames Auguste Perrin and Oswald de Kerchove are new types, valuable additions to the Hybrid Noisette family.
. Wm. Paul & Son. Although this firm have sent out no roses of. sensational beauty, they have given some that have been useful in their day.
. Laxton. Those of his raising and Charles
Oyen
152
Io.
Il.
12.
13.
14. 15. 16. 17. 18, 19. 20. 21. 22.
23.
BA 25. 26. 27k 28,
THE OSE,
Turner’s are, so far, the most useful English roses for our climate.
Pernet. Baroness Rothschild and Sou- pert-et-Notting are his distinctive sorts. Turner. A raiser with an active con- science. Would there were more! Margottin. His roses have at least been distinct.
Liabaud. In the contest for supremacy has brought out some dark horses that have some years won the race.
Bennett.
Moreau-Robert.
Damaizin.
Lévéque.
Granger.
Cranston & Co.
Postans.
Gonod.
Sprunt.
Nabonnand. This gentleman has sent out some seventy varieties, mostly Teas, but for some reason (is it lack of merit?) they have not taken well with the public. Garcon.
Jamain.
Rambaux.
Gautreau.
Ledéchaux.
RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 183
29. Charles Verdier.
30. Vigneron.
31. Margottin fils.
32. Oger. Last and least, is one of the oldest raisers who has sent out a large number of sorts, but the rose public, perhaps be- ing prejudiced, have never seen merit in anything he has produced.
Lest this list of raisers may seem to have been too arbitrarily arranged, we subjoin a list gauged according to the number and standing of the varieties which represent them (the raisers), as given in the election of exhibition roses, held in England last sum- mer. The result of this election was pub- lished in the Journal of Horticulture, October 6th, 1881, the best twelve varieties standing in the following order of merit: Marie Bau- mann, Alfred Colomb, Baroness Rothschild, Charles Lefebvre, Marquise de Castellane, Duke of Edinburgh, Louis Van Houtte, Maréchal Niel, Marie Rady, La France, A. K. Williams, Etienne Levet. The names of eighty-eight varieties are noted, and the total number of votes giving the several varieties of each raiser determine the relative standing of the raisers. The names of those rosarians now living, as gauged by this elec- tion, rank in the following order:
154 THE ROSE.
Toe WETCICr. 2. $12 *Sonts. was 423 votes. 2aleacharinies 54. Cee eee oleae: Ba Gudllotiils:: <.. Gouna ee ZO4 AW ISEVCE. oS area | Ae Ny hata che hats 146“ Sul ee SOI Seeds he Cina Wes 14o°) @ Op Pennetta. e Dai cies wiaike ee 132) 4% FOS COW ATEZE wa Bi Ea Weare a Lize he Su Wa wattl ec SOM. TA tm ules Sine ee ROTO OnGrancers.. Gai: Behe cree ONS s 68 3)" 1o. Baumann...... Lites eee eee 675s TeleoMPAMM AT ie seeds Dr EAT Cea On 2s Wwiapaud en. AES Re eg A 635s ie IU SCPEIS Says 3 ae Biri Guay cee: isypaae PAN AMEN ETI eo: Buy ky DEL Pacha Tea, So, Wax tOn Nn A\e ce iey: Ben Ags Phe AO as LOM OuUcher ses. 3 Ty NAR MeN oe BO. on ie Gautreate:)..-. I ee a eae Bee ec yibete POseWATG 2.8 525208 Bee Wi We oehea Bu ties 19, Cranston...... Tse Ave dais hs Nae 2 Sinha AO eno SveNBRS s geeeg 8 ania de be c 2Omes 216 (POstansicer 208 He) fe SR aes. 22h es 22ee Dammlatz ines er Tis eae one. 20h 22 ek Gate OMsia anki Dees MS Lhe severe 15) ee ZW MIAVAS antniss oe jee ek gars cet Fly 2ernGCu rl omtaine cs tal-w Why Bea eee Lowy
It is to be noted that Tea Roses, in the election, play an unimportant part, as in England they are mostly grown under glass,
RAULSE LS ORM IMLLE BIST ROSES) | RSs
and for exhibition purposes are only to be had insmall quantities. Some voters did not consider the Teas at all, confining their votes to hardy varieties, doing this on account of the radical differences which exist between the twoclasses. This hasanimportant bear- ing in estimating the comparative standing of the various growers; thus, Ducher’s forte has been the production of fine Tea Roses, and this last list does not give him his just position. We must consider it therefore from the standpoint of fardy exhibition vari- eties; in doing this, we find an interesting impartial comparison. Seven raisers named in our list find no representation in the elec- tion list, these are Sprunt, Nabonnand, Le- déchaux, Charles Verdier, Vigneron, Mar- gottin fils, and Oger. We believe our own list to represent more correctly the compara- tive merit of the various producers of new roses; but the latter, as has been said, is certainly impartial, and is the more gladly inserted, to show that we have no bias that influenced us in our arrangement,
XIIl. THE SEED PARENTS OF THE LEADING ROSES.
x75 UR information, whenever possible,
|| has been obtained from the raisers themselves; there may be some = inaccuracies, but great pains have been taken to make the list as comprehensive and correct as possible. It will be observed that General Jacqueminot, Jules Margottin, and Victor Verdier have been the most used as parent sorts. While we hope this list will be of general interest, it will, we are sure, be of value to those engaged in raising new varieties. Some few of the varieties are crosses from two known sorts, but only the female parent is given; this is the case with all the Hybrid Teas of Bennett; the full parentage of these kinds may be found in the catalogue of varieties. It must not be in- ferred that all the varieties that bear seed freely are included in this list; on the con- trary, some of the most productive have no representation—such are Baron Chaurand,
156
SEED PARENTS OF LEADING ROSES. 157
Jean Cherpin, Dr. de Chalus, Thomas Mills; while Victor Verdier and Giant of Battles, which seem to seed freely in Lyons, France, rarely bring seed to perfection in Rochester.
Alba Rosea (Tea).—Beauty of Stapleford (Hy. Tea), Nancy Lee (Hy. Tea).
Anne de Diesbach.—Princess Marie Dolgo- rouky.
Annie Wood.—Edward Dufour.
Antoine Ducher.—Edward Pynaert, Ernest Prince, John Saul.
Baroness Rothschild.—Marie Louise Pernet.
Baron de Bonstetten.—Jean Liabaud.
Beauty of Waltham.—John Stuart Mill, Masterpiece.
Catherine Mermet (Tea).—Jules Finger.
Charles Lefebvre.—General Von Moltke, Glory of Cheshunt, Harrison Weir, Henry Bennett, Jean Soupert, Mme. Anna de Beso- brasoff, Mrs. Harry Turner, Président Léon de St. Jean, Rev. W.H. Stomers, Souvenir du Dr. Jamain, W. Wilson Saunders.
Cloth of Gold (Noisette).—Isabella Gray, Mme. Miolan Carvalho.
Comtesse de la Barthe (Tea).—Countess Riza du Parc, Mme. Joseph Schwartz.
Countess of Oxford.—Dumnacus, Mme. Bruel.
158 THT ROSE,
Devoniensis (Tea).—Cornelia Koch, Ma- dame Welche.
Duchess of Sutherland.—Elizabeth Vigne- ron, Princess M. of Cambridge, Thyra Ham- merich.
Duchess of Edinburgh (Bengal or Tea).— Alphonse Karr.
Duke of Edinburgh.—Doctor Hooker, Duke of Teck, Robert Marnock, S. Reynolds Hole, Sultan of Zanzibar, The Shah.
General Jacqueminot.—Alfred Colomb, Al- fred de Rougemont, André Leroy, Baron de Rothschild, Camille Bernardin, Charles Lefebvre, Duke of Edinburgh, Dupuy Jamain, Gloire de Santhenay, Horace Vernet, Le Rhone, Léopold Premier, Maurice Bernardin, Oriflamme de St. Louis, Prince Arthur, Richard Smith, Sénateur Vaisse, Triomphe des Beaux Arts, Xavier Olibo.
Giant of Battles.—Abbé Bramerel, Arthur de Sansal, Cardinal Patrizzi, Empereur de Maroc, Eugéne Appert, Evéque de Nimes, Lord Raglan, Louis Chaix, Mrs. Standish, Vainqueur de Solferino.
Gloire de Dijon (Tea).—Antonia Decarli, Beauté de l’Europe, Belle Lyonnaise, Gloire de Bordeaux, Jean Lorthois, Mme. Bérard, Mme. Levet, Mme. Trifle, Marie Berton,
SEED PARENTS OF LEADING ROSES. 159
Mathilde Lenzrts, Miss May Paul, Reine Maria Pia, Stéphanie et Rodolphe.
John Hopper.—Ambrogio Maggi.
Jules Margottin.—Abel Grand, Achille Gonod, Berthe Baron, Boieldieu, Charles Margottin, Claude Bernard, Duchess of Val- lombrosa, Edward Morren, Egeria, Emily Lax- ton, John Hopper, Madame Gabriel Luizet, Madame Lacharme, Marchioness of Exeter, Marguérite de St. Amande, Marquise de Mortemart, Monsieur Noman, Pzonia, Peach Blossom, Violette Bouyer.
La Reine.—Anne de Diesbach, Auguste Mie, Francois Michelon, Gloire de Vitry, Louise Peyronny, Marguérite Dombrain, Mére de St. Louis, Reine des Blanches, Reine du Midi, Souvenir de la Reine d’Angleterre, Ville de St. Denis.
Lamargque (Noisette).—Cloth of Gold, La Jonquille (Tea), Le Pactole, Solfaterre, Triomphe de Rennes.
Lion des Combats.—A. M. Ampére.
Louise Odier (Bourbon).—Catherine Guillot, Comtesse de Barbantanne, Modéle de Per- fection.
Madame Loutin.—Madame Marthe d’Hal- loy.
Madame Charles Wood.—Guillaume Gille- mont. — Gre
160 THE ROSE.
Madame de Tartas (Tea).—Baron Alex- andre de Vrints, Marie Van Houtte.
Madame de St. Joseph (Tea).—Hon. George Bancroft (Hy. Tea).
Madame Falcot (Tea).—Madame Azélie Imbert, Madame Bernard, Mlle. Blanche Durschmidt.
Madame Julie Daran.—Charles Darwin.
Madame Laffay.—Marquise A. de Murinais.
Madame Récamier.—Eliza Boelle, Madame Noman.
Madame Victor Verdier—Comte de Flandres, Mrs. Laxton, Souvenir de Spa.
Madame Vidot.—Princess Louise.
Mareguétrite de St. Amande.—Miss Hassard.
Marie Rady.—Mtrs. Jowitt.
Ophirie (Noisette).—Duarte d’Oliveira, Ma Capucine, Souvenir de Paul Neyron.
Paul Neyron.—George Moreau, Ulrich Brunner.
President (Tea).—Duchess of Connaught, Duchess of Westminster, Duke of Connaught, Jean Sisley, Michael Saunders, Pearl, Vis- countess Falmouth. These are all Hybrids, raised by Bennett.
Safrano (Tea).—Madame Charles, Madame Falcot, Safrano a fleur rouge.
Sénateur Vaisse.—Anicet Bourgeois, Ma- dame Adelaide Cote.
SEED PARENTS OF LEADING ROSES. 161
Solfaterre (Noisette).—America, Caroline Schmitt.
Souvenir de la Reine ad Angleterre.—Madlle. Emma Hall, Monsieur Jules Monges.
Souvenir de la Reine des Belges.—Madame Crassy.
Triomphe des Beaux Arts.—Empress of India.
Triomphe de l Exposition.—General Wash- ington, Maréchal Forey, President Mas, Ma- dame Jules Grévy.
Victor Verdier,—André Dunand, Captain Christy, Charles Verdier, Countess of Oxford, Etienne Levet, Helen Paul, MHippolyte Jamain, Julius Finger, Madame Deévert, Madame George Schwartz, Madame Marie Bianchi, Mademoiselle Eugénie Verdier, Mademoiselle Marie Cointet, Marie Finger, Maxime de la Rocheterie, Mrs. Baker, Oxonian, Paul Neyron, President Thiers, Souvenir du President Porcher.
Yellow Tea.—Devoniensis.
II
XIV.
PERMANENT COLORS—TOO-MUCH-ALIKE ROSES. HOW TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN SIMILAR VARIETIES.
MONG the many desirable qualities which we should look for in our best roses, permanency of color is
not the least important. Ihave
reference more particularly to the Remontant or Hybrid Perpetual varieties; but my re- marks will also apply to the other classes, though perhaps in less degree. It has no doubt often been noticed how differently the various varieties of roses will impress us in different seasons; that is, a kind which ex- cites our highest admiration one year may more or less disappoint us the next. This arises from various causes, but chief among them is the variation in color produced by different conditions of sunlight, heat, mois- ture, etc. To know what are the most perma- nent colors among the innumerable varieties found in the catalogues becomes, therefore, 162
PERMANENT COLORS. 163
a matter of considerable importance, enabling us to place in favored situations those sorts easily affected by these several conditions, and, if necessary, giving positions exposed to the direct rays of the sun to those varieties which have proved best able to endure them. The most severe ordeal which tries the color of arose is an excess of moisture followed by a hot sun. Exposed to these conditions many of our choicest sorts, of which Charles Lefebvre and Countess of Oxford are notable examples, lose their pristine brilliancy or purity, and become lamentably faded and sullied. Others, like Louis Van Houtte and Marie Baumann, are under such circum- stances much less injured, and though losing some of their original freshness still remain exceedingly attractive. Dark roses are, as a tule, the first to fade; their glory passes away very much sooner than is the case with the rose-colored varieties and those of light shades. Among the crimson sorts we have observed none which retains its color so well as Louis Van Houtte; this quality, combined with fine form, fragrance, and freedom of bloom, places it at the head of all crimson- maroonroses. Varieties of somewhat lighter shade that rank high for permanency of color are, General Jacqueminot, Charles
164 LE KOSE.
Margottin, Marie Baumann, Alfred Colomb. Among the shades of rose that are most du- rable, we find Marquise de Castellane, Rev. J. B. M. Camm, Madame Louis Lévéque, Mar- guérite de St. Amand, Jules Margottin.
From the pink sorts we choose Eugénie Verdier, Egeria, Monsieur Noman, Baroness Rothschild, Captain Christy, Countess of serenye.
Among roses that fade quickly when ex- posed to the adverse influences spoken of, are found many of our most beautiful varie- ties; by taking pains to place these in the most favored locations we can aid in retain- ing the natural shades, and thus greatly en- hance the value of each kind. All of the Victor Verdier type, except the light ones like Bugénie Verdier; all of ‘the Giant of Battles type, all of the Duke of Edinburgh type, all of the Charles Lefebvre family, Dr. Andry, Gloire de Ducher, Madame de Ridder, André Dunand, Camille Bernardin, Jean Cherpin, Madame Nachury, Emilie Haus- burgh, are examples of beautiful but non- permanent colors.
SYNONYMOUS, OR TOO-MUCH-ALIKE ROSES. — A drawback to the purchase of new varieties is the knowledge, gained from past experi- ence, that a large number of those sent out
PERMANENT COLORS. 165
as new sorts are not sufficiently distinct from known varieties to prove of any value. This is notably the case with the French roses. In England, more care has been exercised in disseminating new kinds than in France, and in ordering English roses we can do so with some confidence that they will at least be distinct. Before enlarging our already cumbersome list of varieties, we think it of great importance to thoroughly sift the sorts now commonly grown, and where two or more varieties bear a strong resemblance to each other zz the appearance of the flowers, to reject the inferior kinds. As roses which are synonymous, or too much alike, as re- gards the form and color of the flowers, we note the following kinds:
Flybrid Remontant.
Alfred Colomb and Wilhelm Koelle.
Anne de Diesbach and Gloire de Paris.
Auguste Mie, Mme. Rival, and Blanche de Beaulieu.
Baron de Bonstetten and Baron Chaurand.
Boieldieu and Mme. Boll.
Charles Lefebvre and Marguérite Brassac.
Countess Cécile and William Griffith.
Coquette des Blanches, Baronne de May-
166 THE ROSE.
nard, Louise d’Arzens, Mme. A. de Rougemont, and Perfection des Blanches.
Egeria, Princess Mary of Cambridge, and Peach Blossom.
*Eugénie Verdier, Marie Finger, and Mme. Louis Donadine.
*E. Y. Teas, Sénateur Vaisse, and Francois Fontaine.
General Jacqueminot, La Brillante, Tri- omphe d’Amiens, Triomphe de Beauté, and Richard Smith.
General Washington and President Lin- coln.
*Hippolyte Jamain, Etienne Levet, and President Thiers.
La Reine and Reine du Midi.
La Rosiére, Prince Camille, Edouard Dufour, and Souvenir d’Auguste Riviére.
Louise Peyronny and Laelia.
Lyonnaise, Mme. George Schwartz, and Mlle. F. de la Forest.
Madame Boutin and Christine Nilsson.
Madame Joly and Michael Bonnet.
Maréchal Vaillant, Avocat Duvivier, and Pourpre d'Orléans.
*Maurice Bernardin, Exposition de Brie, Ferdinand de Lesseps, and Sir Garnet Wolseley.
Madame Noman and Mlle. Bonnaire.
PERMANENT COLORS. 167
Mrs. Standish, Cardinal Patrizzi, and Vain- queur de Solferino.
Miss Hassard, Elizabeth Vigneron, Duchess of Edinburgh, and Duchesse de Vallom- brosa.
Portland Blanche and Blanche Vibert.
Souvenir de la Reine des Belges and Prince Albert.
Tea Roses. c
Adam and President.
Bon Siléne and Goubault.
Bougére and Clothilde.
Caroline and Victoria Modeste.
Elise Sauvage and L’Enfant Trouvé.
Gloire de Dijon, Antonia Decarli, and Mme. Levet.
Le Pactole, Louise de Savoie, and Maréchal Beauregard.
*Madame Bravy, Alba Rosea, and Mme. Sertot.
Madame Francois Janin and Mlle. Lazarine Poizeau.
Madame Joseph Halphen, Bella, Isabella, Pauline Plantier, and Arch-Duchess Thérése Isabelle.
Madame Maurin and Madame Denis.
Marie Guillot and Triomphe de Milan,
Narcisse and Enfant de Lyon.
168 LIEGE SOI
*Niphetos and Mathilde.
Perle des Jardins and Perle de Lyon. Safrano and Madame Charles.
Souvenir d’un Ami and Queen Victoria,
flybrid Climbing. Fortune’s Yellow and Beauty of Glazen- wood.
Bourbon.
Apolline and Pierre de St. Cyr.
Catherine Guillot and Michael Bonnet.
George Peabody, Comice de Tarn-et- Garonne, Drs Berthet, Dre wepiretne: Ferdinand Deppe, General Blanchard, Geo. Cuvier, Jupiter, Omar Pacha, Pro- serpine, and Souvenir de 1’Exposition.
Hermosa, Armosa, Mme. Neumann, and Setina.
Louise Odier and Madame Ge Stella.
*Maréchal Villars and Belle Isadore.
Paul Joseph and Charles Martel.
Phoenix and Yebles.
Bengal. Agrippina, Cramoisi-Supérieur, and Eblou- issante. Antheros, Buret, Louis Philippe, President d’Olbecque, Prince Eugéne, Purple Crown, and Triumphant.
PERMANENT COLORS. 169
Notsette.
Champney’s Pink Cluster, Belle Marseil- laise, and Miss Glegge.
Gloth of Gold and Chromatella.
Eugéne Pirolle and Admiral Rigney.
Fellenberg and Beauty of Greenmount.
Isabella Gray and Jane Hardy.
Lamarque and Jeanne d’Arc.
Solfaterre and Augusta.
Moss.
William Lobb and Duchesse d’ Ystrie. Gracilis, Prolific, and Charles Morel. Oscar Le Clerc and Madame Bouton.
Many of these roses are identical in all re- spects save name; the others are certainly too much alike to be grown, even in the largest collections; for though there may exist some considerable difference in the habit of growth of a few of those coupled to- gether, the distinction between the flowers is exceedingly slight, such as can be observed by expertsonly. I have in every case placed first the variety which seems on the whole the most worthy of being retained; in afew instances I have found it difficult to make a decision, this is where an asterisk (*) is pre- fixed to the name. In all these cases (*) we
170 THE ROSE.
shall make further study of the slight differ- ences which exist between the varieties so as to determine the best; we hope to have the aid of others in this matter.
How TO DISTINGUISH VARIETIES.—Old rosarians may need no instruction in this matter, but we believe some useful hints may be given to amateurs who find difficulty in ascertaining the difference which exists be- tween varieties that resemble each other. The chief value of such knowledge is in the power given of determining what sorts should be retained as the best of their type, and what rejected as similar but inferior to them. The flower is naturally the first to claim our attention; observe first the color, second the form, degree of fulness, and size, third the fragrance. Next, examine the vigor and habit of growth, whether the shoots are up- right or spreading; the joints between leaf- stalks, whether close together (short joints), or widely separated (long joints); the thorns, whether they be many or few in num- ber, their thickness, length, color, whether straight or hooked; the leaf-stalks and foliage, whether the leaflets be five, seven, nine, or eleven in number; the color of the foliage and bark, sometimes dark green, sometimes pale, occasionally brown or red; further,
PERMANENT COLORS. 171
whether the leaves be small or large, round or long, indented or regular, glaucous and smooth, or curied and rough. Then also we have to consider the productiveness and con- tinuity of bloom, and the hardiness of the plant. A year agoI made the discovery of a fact which has an important bearing in this matter. The majority of Hybrid Remontant Roses have five leaflets, though quite a num- ber of kinds in the class are freely furnished with seven. My discovery was this: All Hybrid Remontant Roses that have seven leaflets are light-colored sorts, rose-color, pink, etc. Excepting A. Geoffroy St. Hilaire there is no ved or crimson Remontant having seven leaflets; by this I do not mean that a leaf-stalk of ared or crimson sort is never furnished with more than five leaflets; iso- lated cases can be observed where seven leaf- lets are found, just as four and five leaved clover-stalks now and then come to notice. As a practical illustration of our comments on how to distinguish between similar varie- ties, we invite the amateur to study and com- pare Alfred Colomb, Marie Baumann, and Marie Rady; three of our best roses, sorts which have many qualities in common, so much so that the inexperienced, when first ob- serving them together, might pronounce them
172 EHTS: PROSE,
the same rose. But the expert at once sees distinctive traits that separate one from the other, he notices that Alfred Colomb is the darkest in shade of the three, that it hasa more globular, pointed bud and flower than Marie Baumann; that the wood is much more smooth than the others; that /afe in the season the flowers have more substance and are of better quality than Marie Baumann. So, early in the year, he would select Marie Baumann or Marie Rady as ina degree the most beautiful; the former more circular and symmetrical, if possible, than Alfred Colomb; the latter with more substance, and better filled out. And, so continuing the examina- tion, it is found that these roses are suffi- ciently distinct, one from the other, both in flower and habit, to make the presence of all three most desirable in all choice collections. Now take up Maurice Bernardin and its near relatives. Very close and minute examina- tions enable us to detect variations in one way and another, but these variations are so slight that we come to the decision that one name will answer for all. It takes close and continued observation to determine which is most worthy of retention. Thechoicein this case certainly lies between Maurice Bernardin and Ferdinand de Lesseps. Sir Garnet
PERMANENT COLORS. 173
Wolseley has been thought a trifle fuller and of higher finish than the others, but it is less productive and more tender. A study of the other varieties coupled together as synony- mous or too much alike, will develop simi- lar conclusions.
XV.
TYPICAL ROSES. CHARACTERISTICS WHICH ARE COMMON TO CERTAIN VARIETIES IN DIFFERENT CLASSES.
m—g}0 know the peculiarities which :\] pertain to certain families of Hy- brid Remontant and other roses, :Erermeet would be advantageous to differ- ent people in many ways. There are some types, such as La Reine, Jules Margottin, Victor Verdier, and Giant of Battles families, which are quite marked in their characteris- tics. If all new roses were classified or de- scribed as being of such and such origin, or as belonging to acertain class, it would be of great value. The nurseryman is unwill- ing, with some exceptions, to undertake the propagation of a kind which will not root and grow freely; he also desires such as are of healthy habit and good constitution, in ad- dition to excellence in color and form of flower. The amateur, perhaps, would not knowingly purchase a variety devoid of 174
TNGTACATE “ROSE'S, 175
fragrance, or one which is not a free autum- nal bloomer. The florist would require that a variety should be of steadfast color, one that does not quickly fade; or that it should be useful to force, yielding flowers in abun- dance, etc. If, therefore, new roses were de- scribed as belonging to the La Reine or Victor Verdier type, we should have some very important knowledge of their qualities, since these roses have imparted to their pro- geny certain distinct attributes by which they may readily be distinguished from others. A consideration of the different prominent types found among Hybrid Re- montant and other classes of roses may be studied with interest and profit.
BARONNE PREvost Typre.—The year 1842 ushered in to rosarians what is now the oldest type of roses in the class, viz., Baronne Pré- vost. It is not a numerous family, and is also of less importance to us than many of the others, but we can well imagine what pleasure it gave, in years gone by, to the rosarians of the day. This type makes long, stout shoots, fortified with red thorns of un- equal length, but generally short; foliage rather oval, somewhat crimpled; flowers large, or very large, of flat shape, very full, fragrant, of some shade of rose. It is the
176 TE ROSE:
most hardy type we have. The varieties commonly grown are Boieldieu, Caroline de sansal, Colonel de Rougemont, Madame Boll, Odéric Vital. They are all free bloom- ers in autumn.
LA REINE TypE.—In 1844, Laffay intro- duced what he loyally named Rose of the Queen (Rose de la Reine). This variety bore royal sway for many years; it not only still sells well and is to be considered a use- fui rose, but it should also have our esteem as being the parent of a most useful family. The wood is light green, furnished with oc- casional thorns; of strong growth; foliage pale green and crimpled. Flowers various shades of rose, generally of semi-globular form, large, somewhat fragrant; free in the autumn; quite hardy, enduring more cold than any of the other families except Baronne Prévost. The leading sorts are: Anne de Diesbach, Antoine Mouton, Auguste Mie, Belle Normande, Francois Michelon, Gloire de Vitry, Lelia, Louise Peyronny, Madame Alice Dureau, Mme. Nachury, Paul Neyron, Reine du Midi, Ville de St. Denis.
GIANT OF BaTTYLes Type.—The founder of this family was introduced by Nérard in 1846, and doubtless has Bourbon blood in its veins. The colors are various shadings of
TYPICAL ROSES. stig)
crimson, very rich and effective when in per- fection, but very fleeting; the sun soon gives them a muddy hue. The flowers are well shaped, but small, and have slight fragrance; they are very freely produced in the spring and summer months, but, as a rule, not in the autumn. The shoots are of moderate or short growth, short jointed, erect, very stiff, and covered with very numerous reddish thorns. The foliage is of lustrous dark green, very subject to mildew. They are difficult to propagate from cuttings, and liable to injury from frost. The leading sorts are: Arthur de Sansal, Cardinal Patrizzi, Crimson Bedder, Empereur de Maroc, Eugéne Appert, Evéque de Nimes, Lord Raglan, Louis Chaix, Mrs. Standish, Vainqueur de Solferino. GENERAL JACQUEMINOT TypE.—In 1852, _the head of what is now considered the most valuable type made his bow to an admiring world; clad in rich crimson livery he still commands respect and admiration, and mar- shalled under his generalship is the army of dark roses, which so excite and please our senses by their charms and loveliness. This family probably originated from the old Hy- brid China Gloire des Rosomanes; they are moderately hardy, but less so than those of the Baronne Prévost, Jules Margottin and La 12
178 THE ROSE.
Reine types. The flowers are invariably shades of red and crimson, generally highly perfumed, freely produced in the spring, but varying greatly as to their autumnal bloom. Asa family they are much more shy in the autumn than any of the others.
The shoots are of vigorous growth, not very thick, generally upright, with quite numerous light green spines; the foliage handsome, rather pointed. It is now the most numerous of the families, popular taste demanding crimson roses and those of dark shades. Leading varieties of the type are: Beauty of Waltham, Camille Bernardin, Dupuy Jamain, Léopold Premier, Marie Baumann, Marie Rady, Maurice Bernardin, Pierre Notting, Prince Arthur. ‘There are also Charles Lefebvre, Alfred Colomb, Duke of Edinburgh, Prince Camille, and Sénateur Vaisse, which are supposed to be seedlings of Jacqueminot, but they cluster about them other varieties of the family, and are worthy of separate mention and consideration.
VICTOR VERDIER TypE.—The head of this family originated with Lacharme, of Lyons, and was sent out by him in 1852. It is doubt- less from one of the La Reine type crossed with some monthly rose, probably a Bourbon. The descendants are very numerous, and in
TMPICAL (ROSES. 179
spite of their rather tender habits form a valuable group, being the most free flowering of them all; had they but fragrance they would be unrivalled; but, alas! they are de- void of scent, and therefore cannot rank as high as the others. Fine feathers alone do not constitute fine birds, and surely fragrance is to the rose what song is to the bird. The shoots are of moderate growth, stout, upright, nearly smooth, of a reddish green, with an occasional reddish thorn; the foliage is very large, of a deep lustrous green, very attrac- tive. The flowers are large, well built up; generally shades of rose and pink prevail. It is the best adapted for forcing in winter of all the families.
The leading varieties grown are André Dunand, Captain Christy, Charles Verdier, Countess of Oxford, Etienne Levet, Hippolyte Jamain, Julius Finger, Mme. Geo. Schwartz, Mme. Dévert, Mme. Eugéne Chambeyran, Mme. Louis Donadine, Mme. Maxime de la Rocheterie, Mlle. Eugénie Verdier, Marie Cointet, Marie Finger, Mrs. Baker, Oxonian (somewhat fragrant), President Thiers, Pride of Waltham, Rosy Morn, Souvenir du Prési- dent Porcher.
JuLes MarcotTTin TyprE.—In 1853 Jules Margottin, of Bourg-la-Reine, near Paris,
180 THE ROSE.
sent out a fine rose, which he called after himself; though he has been raising seedling roses ever since, none of them have quite come up tothisin worth. Wood, light green; sharp, red thorns, somewhat numerous; shoots rather stout and generally of vigorous growth. Crimpledfoliage. Flowers of large size, very full, somewhat flat shape, mostly shades of rose and carmine, almost without periume; (cenerally, tree “in the autumn: They are very hardy; as a rule difficult of propagation from cuttings, but making very vigorous plants when budded.
Abel Grand, Achille Gonod, Bessie Johnson (quite fragrant), Claude Bernard, Countess of Serenye, Duchesse de Vallombrosa, Ed- ward Morren, Egeria, Emily Laxton, John Hopper, Magna Charta, Madame Gabriel Luizet, Madame Lacharme, Madame Louis Lévéque, Mademoiselle Thérése Levet, Marchioness of Exeter, Marguérite de St. Amand, Marquise de Castellane, Miss Hassard (scented), Monsieur Noman, Pezonia, Peach Blossom, Princess Mary of Cambridge, Rev. J.B. M. Camm (very sweet), are the leading sorts.
SENATEUR VAISSE TYPE.—Sénateur Vaisse was introduced in 1859. In this family we find what are perhaps the most perfectly
TVPICAL KOSE S. 181
formed flowers. The varieties are of moder- ate growth, with smoother wood than most dark roses; the foliage, too, is more round and of a deeper green. Anicet Bourgeois (new), E. Y. Teas, Madame Adelaide Céte (new), Madame Victor Verdier, and Mrs. Laxton are members of this group.
CHARLES LEFEBVRE TyPE.—Lacharme in- troduced Charles Lefebvre in 1861. He be- lieves that it is the result of a cross (I infer by natural agencies) between Victor Verdier and General Jacqueminot; it certainly shows many of the characteristics of these two sorts. The wood and foliage are light green; oc- casionally armed with pale red thorns, but as a rule the wood is very smooth. The flowers are more waving in outline than any of the other families; the habit of growth is free, intermediate between Victor Verdier and General Jacqueminot. Glory of Cheshunt, Harrison Weir, Henry Bennett, Madame Anna de Besobrasoff, Marguérite Brassac, Paul Jamain, President Léon de St. Jean, and W. Wilson Saunders are marked members of this type. Dr. Andry, Horace Vernet, Lord Macaulay, Mrs. Harry Turner, Rev. W.H. Stomers and Souvenir du Dr. Jamain, also seem to find a place in this group.
182 THE “ROSE.
PRINCE CAMILLE TypE.—In 1861 E. Verdier sent out Prince Camille de Rohan. In this type we find the darkest, most velvety roses. It would seem as thougn this family must have been produced by the blending of Gen- eral Jacqueminot with Giant of Battles. The varieties are of vigorous or free growth; the wood is somewhat darker, the spines less numerous, the habit more spread- ing than in those of the Jacqueminot type. None of them bloom freely in the autumn, but in the spring their wondrous rich crimson shades gain more admirers than any others. Baron Chaurand, Baron de Bonstetten, La Rosiére, Monsieur Boncenne, are prominent members of thisfamily. Abel Carriére, Jean Liabaud, Jean Soupert, and Souvenir d’Au- guste Riviére can also be classed with these; though they show more of the Giant of Bat- _ tles character than the former, and might therefore not inappropriately be placed by themselves.
ALFRED COLOMB TypE.—Alfred Colomb, sent out in 1865, has a somewhat similar habit of growth to General Jacqueminot, but the thorns are much less numerous, and with a more yellow hue; the flowers are also fuller and more globular, and blossom much more abundantly. A. K. Williams, Madame Al-
]
Ei MMCALE ROSE S. 183
phonse Lavallée, and Wilhelm Koelle, may be grouped under this head.
DUKE OF EDINBURGH ‘TypPE.—The only English rose which is the head of a type was sent out by George Paul in 1868. The habit of growth is much like that of Jacqueminot, but the foliage is generally longer and larger. The flowers are not permanent in color, burning very quickly in the sun, and are very sparsely produced in the autumn. It is a very beautiful family when grown in a moist, cool climate; but there are few of the mem- bers that will do well under our hot sun. The varieties best known, mostly of recent origin, are: Brightness of Cheshunt, Dr. Hooker, Duke of Connaught, Duke of Teck, Robert Marnock, S. Reynolds Hole, Sultan of Zanzibar, The Shah.
All of the types described above belong to the Hybrid Remontant Class of Roses. Among the Hybrid Noisettes we find two types, the first is the—
MADEMOISELLE BONNAIRE TyPE.—The flowers are of medium size, and of circular, very beautifulform. The growth is moderate or dwarf. The foliage is rather small and somewhat crimpled; the wood light green, fortified with numerous small spines. Though devoid of fragrance, these are our
184 THE ROSE.
most charming white roses; the flowers are freely produced throughout June and the summer months. The varieties belonging to the type are Eliza Boelle, Madame Noman, and Madame Oswald de Kerchove.
MADAME A. DE ROUGEMONT TyYPE.—The varieties of this type differ greatly from those of the preceding. The habit of growth is free or vigorous; the wood is smoother, the foliage more oval and glaucous, like the Bourbon roses; the flowers are even more freely produced than those of the other type, but are inferior to them in quality, Phe principal sorts are: Baronne de Maynard, Coquette des Alpes, Coquette des Blanches, Madame Auguste Perrin, Madame Francois Pittet, Perfection des Blanches.
GLOIRE DE Dijon Typre.—The head of this family was sent outin 1853, andis the variety from which most of the Climbing Teas have sprung. Young plants of this type are often difficult to start after being rooted from cut- tings, but when well established grow lux- uriantly. The parentage of Gloire de Dijon is unknown, but I believe it must have orig- inated from a natural cross between some Bourbon and Noisette (Tea-scented) Rose. The foliage shows much of the Bourbon character; the flowers are of globular form,
TVPICAL ROSES. 185
very large and full. Varieties belonging to this type are Antonia Décarli, Belle Lyon- naise, Gloire de Bordeaux, Jean Lorthois, Madame Bérard, Madame Trifle, Marie Ber- ton.
These types are about all that are really distinct; among the Hybrid Teas it is likely that aseparation into groups will be desirable at some time in the future, as this is destined to be an increasing class; but at the present time La France represents the class in a sufficiently distinct way. The Teas might be arranged in family groups, but this isa task which I shall not attempt until some other time; it would be a division less useful than those given.
XVI. RAISING NEW VARIETIES.
FO] W Roses occasionally come as = sports, but the only method de- pended upon for their production
is sowing seed. Roses of the past have, for the most part, been the product of nature unaided by the hand of man. The common practice has been to gather the seed, without even keeping the varieties separate, and to sow it promiscuously. There are a few instances recorded where artificial cross- ings have been resorted to, with successful results, but the number of such operators has been very limited. It is a well-known fact that most fruits and flowers seldom reproduce themselves with exactness from seed; there is often a close resemblance, yet some diver- gence from the original. Nature is constantly struggling for variation; even though the pistils receive pollen from their own flower alone, this law holds good; but through the agencies of wind, insects, etc., the pollen from
136
RAISING NEW VARIETIES. 187
one flower is often carried to the pistils of another, and sonatural crossing or hybridiza- tion takes place. Thus, by simply gathering and sowing the seeds of one variety, like General Jacqueminot, it has been possible to produce a large number of distinct kinds of great value. This, as stated above, has been the practice up to the present time, but it is a practice on which we should no longer ex- clusively depend; .on the contrary, for the roses of the future we should mainly rely on artificial crossing and hybridization, or, in other words, on manual fecundation.
Laffay, who raised most of the Hybrid Re- montants of value that were sent out previ- ous to 1850, is understood to have produced many, or the most, of them, by crossing va- rieties of the Bourbon Rose with the old crimson Rose du Roi. Vibert, Hardy, and some other of the French rosarians, are also credited with having produced many of their most beautiful sorts by manual fertilization, but as no record has been kept of the varie- ties used as parents, the result of their work is of no use to the hybridizer of the present day further than that it affords proof that definite results are more certain from arti- ficial than from natural crosses.
The following sorts are all claimed as the
188 THE ROSE.
result of artificial crossing; the parentage will be found in the catalogued list of varie- ties: America, Baronne de Maynard, Captain Christy, Harrison Weir, John Hopper, Julius Finger, Marie Van Houtte, Madame La- charme, Madame Oswald de Kerchove, Ma- dame Welche, Mrs. Jowitt, Mrs. Harry Turner, Paul Neyron, Princess Mary of Cambridge, Reine Marie Henriette, and the ten Hybrid Teas sent out by Bennett.
To trace out the peculiarities of these kinds, learning so far as possible what influence each parent had in forming the qualities of the offspring, would be an interesting, profitable study. Thus, examining Paul Neyron, we find it has the smooth wood, glaucous foli- age, fulness of flower, and tendency to win- ter-kill from the seed parent, Victor Verdier. The vigor of growth and size of flower are inherited from the fructifying sort, Anne de Diesbach. In this example it will be seen that the influence of the parents has been nearly equal in impressing their characteris- tics. In other examples it will be found that the influence of one parent has been far greater than that of the other; but I hold it as an axiom that, in the case of any rose which is crossed by another variety, the progeny will surely show traits pertaining to both parents.
RAISING NEW VARIETIES. 189
Among men we find great divergencies of character between brothers and sisters, yet it is observed that they always hold something in common which distinguishes them, some link which connects one with another. It is believed by some of the raisers who have practised hybridization, or crossing of roses, that seedlings of greater beauty are to be ob- tained simply by selecting heps from naturally fertilized flowers, than from those which have been artificially crossed; that there are very many types among roses which are all beautiful in their way, but that when these are crossed, the varieties which result will have coarsely formed flowers, or be of weak constitution, etc. Such, I infer, is the belief of Messrs. Laxton, William Paul, and others of the English rosarians. With all deference to these gentlemen, whose experience certainly gives weight to their belief, Ido not subscribe to this opinion. Icannot but believe that we are even more certain of obtaining flowers of high finish from artificial than we are from natural fer- tilization, if we will but pattern after nature and carefully study the laws of cause and effect.
Though there is a difference of opinion re- specting the quality and finish of the roses
190 THE ROSE.
likely to result from manual fecundation, all practitioners admit that there is a certainty by this method of obtaining a product distinc- tive in character, which is of itself asufficient inducement to encourage our best efforts in this line. But the truth is, so few crossed roses have been raised, compared to the number from natural selection, that we have learned very little about the successes and failures that have attended the operators in this field of study. Very few of those who have engaged in this work have given us any information that will be of use to those who wish to experiment. It seems to me, the lack of finish and the delicate constitution, averred to belong to varieties raised from artificial crosses,come from bringing together roses of different types, too widely separated in character to blend well. I believe roses belonging to the same type will always cross with good results. ‘Those who wish to prac- tise this art will do well, therefore, to begin with crossing varieties of the same family; — the chapter on Typical Roses, which pre- cedes this, should be carefully perused as bearing on this point.
In this connection it may be profitable for us to consider briefly the result of Mr. Ben- nett’s labors in the hybridization of roses.
RAISING NEW VARIETIES. TQI
Mr. Bennett fertilized the flowers of various Tea Roses with the pollen of Hybrid Remon- tants; his productions are therefore true hy- brids, not crosses merely, and they are classed as Hybrid Teas. Ten of these hybrids have been raised by Mr. Bennett. We should pre- fer to consider sorts that have been longer in cultivation, but there are none such. Asa rule, the Bennett Roses lack a vigorous and healthy constitution; the best of them, for: out-door culture, is Michael Saunders, raised from President fertilized by Madame Victor Verdier. The parents of this sort have com- paratively smooth wood, and they are not so widely separated in character as to prevent the production of ahealthy offspring. Beauty of Stapleford, the second in point of general usefulness, resulted from crossing Alba Rosea by Countess of Oxford, both smooth-wooded kinds again, of similar vigor of growth. Two objectionable qualities in this rose, a tendency to fade quickly and a liability to mildew badly, are inherited from Countess of Oxford. Yet these are both roses likely to be esteemed generally useful.
From Alba Rosea crossed by Edward Morren came Nancy Lee, an exquisite little rose, with lovely buds, but in habit of growth so dwarf and delicate that our com-
192 TTT) OST,
miseration is excited along with our regard. Duchess of Westminster and Pearl are others of the same class, which are the result of crossing varieties very widely separated in habit of growth, and none of the progeny have constitutions of any vigor. In Duke of Connaught we have the offspring of President crossed by Louis Van Houtte; both parents are smooth-wooded sorts, but no nurseryman can, by ordinary culture, grow from cuttings plants of Louis Van Houtte that will be salable after one season’s growth. With such a parent we cannot wonder that the propagation of good plants of Duke of Con- naught has been found so tedious and dis- couraging by those who have undertaken it. I understand that some of the New Jersey florists are growing this variety with profit, but this simply shows what great skill can do, and does not prove that the variety will be generally useful. .
Jean Sisley and Hon. George Bancroft are two others of Bennett’s which fade very quickly; besides this fault the former sort is very difficult to open and we condemn it as utterly worthless; the latter variety, if grown so that the original color is retained, will generally give satisfaction, though many more malformed blooms are produced than
RAISING NEW VARIETIES. 193
we expect to seein a variety put down as desirable.
Duchess of Connaught shows considerable resemblance to La France, and affords evi- dence that La France must certainly be a Hybrid Tea. It seems to me that the Duch- ess only differs from La France in various ways, to be inferior to it.
Now these Bennett Roses, taken as a whole, would seem to strengthen the view of Messrs. William Paul and Laxton, unless Wemeanetully) consider “the: nature, of the crosses that were made. From what has been shown we think the inference may naturally be drawn, that in crossing roses we are likely to obtain satisfactory results by blending varieties which have several charac- teristics in common. Thus, varieties of the same type will be pretty certain to effect good crosses; as General Jacqueminot with Xavier Olibo, Fisher Holmes with Baronne de Bonstetten, Madame Victor Verdier with E. Y. Teas, etc. By hybridizing, bringing Teas and Hybrid Remontants together, we are much less sure of obtaining new sorts of high finish and robust constitution, but far more certain of procuring kinds thoroughly dis- tinct. The operator will then do well to bear this rule in mind: Crossing varieties of
13
194 THE ROSE.
the same type will produce seedlings of the best Form and finish; blending sorts of different types will bring forth the most distinct kinds. In order to gain knowledge, it is well to prac- tise both these extremes, but the best suc- cess will probably follow where a mean course is pursued.
This matter of cross fertilization of roses places before us a vast field in which to study and experiment; and although we have so little to be drawn from the past which may guide us, the fact of its being largely unexplored seems an attractive feature. We can experience sensations somewhat similar to those of the traveller who penetrates a new country, for though he may not be the first to make discoveries, he can be among the first to chronicle results and make the discoveries useful. It is still open for in- vestigators to learn and make known general principles, which should guide us in raising new roses. It will be a gratification for me to know that I have contributed, in some measure at least, to this result.
As few readers are likely to be familiar with the mode of manual fecundation, I will briefly explain my practice. The work is much the easiest to manage under glass, for the reason that insects are not there trouble-
RAISING NEW VARIETIES. 195
some and we do not have wind and rain to contend with. Whenever possible, choose a clear day, and operate in the morning, so that the flowers can be exposed to the influ- ence of the sun immediately after they have been fertilized. The flower selected for a female parent should have the stamens care- fully removed by means of a fine pair of em- broidery scissors, a few hours before the pollen is ripe. Should the pollen be quite ripe, some of it is likely to have fallen on the pistils and a perfect cross could not then be assured. If, on the other hand, it be not nearly matured, the pistils are not in proper condition to be fertilized. In such a variety as General Jacqueminot, the stamens should be removed three or four hours before the flower wouldexpand. The petals are then to be gently pulled off, and the stamens cut away. The pollen is then applied to the pistils by carrying to them the flower of the fertilizing sort and gently rubbing them with the stamens holding the pollen, so that the pistils are well covered. If preferred, a fine camel’s-hair brush may-be used for the pur- pose of applying the pollen. The pollen must be quite ripe; if it does not attach it- self readily to the brush it is not yet in fit condition for use. Those varieties which
196 THE ROSE.
are not very double will give more pollen and be better seed-bearers than the very full ones. Kinds like Bon Siléne, Safrano, Fisher Holmes, Jean Cherpin, etc., will be found the most suitable for first experiments. If the operation is carried on out of doors, it is desirable to cover the flowers fertilized with fine gauze, to prevent the interference of insects. The insects are not apt to go to flowers from which the petals have been re- moved, but it is well not to depend on this. The heps should not be gathered until fully Tipe, say after the first frost in October; they are then labelled and buried in pots of moist sand. The pots must be covered with glass or something of the kind to keep out mice; which are very tond of the pods: i allow the pods to remain in the sand till the first of January, they are then broken open, the seed taken out, and sown in boxes or pots. The seeds commence coming up three or four weeks after being planted. The seedlings appear with two leaves; so soon as they make a second growth they are pricked out by a knife blade and planted in small pots. They are very subject to mil- dew, and many are apt to pass away from this cause. In May they can be transplanted and put in open ground, in rich, well-drained
RAISING NEW VARIETIES. 197
soil. If they do well they can be left there over winter, of course being protected, and allowed to remain for testing. They com- mence to flower the second year, but many of them show no signs of bloom until the third or fourth year. Instead of planting them out in open ground, some or all can re- main in pots, the plants being shifted from time to time to pots of a larger size. One is apt to become very impatient waiting for the seedlings to flower; the result can be hast- ened by taking buds from them and inserting on some stock of good growth. Many of the seedlings will produce flowers quite single; these plants are to be at once rooted out. Now and then we may find double flowers of good finish; these are to be com- pared with flowers of old varieties, which they seem most to resemble, to ascertain whether they are distinct sorts or only in- ferior imitations of established favorites. It will often require considerable moral cour- age to refrain from calling our geese, swans. But if it is found, and admitted by general consent, that we have originated something both beautiful and distinct, ah, what pride and satisfaction do we feel! Surely, there can be no more pleasing occupation for those who love and grow roses, than by hybridiz-
198 THE ROSE.
ing and crossing artificially to engage in the art of producing new varieties, aye, and not new varieties only, but new types of roses now unknown.
XVII.
PUBLICATIONS ON THE ROSE.
FN the preface to this book I stated
y || my belief that no compilation on the rose could ever be considered AM) complete and final. I have en- deavored to bring before those interested in the subject many points of interest which have been ignored, or lightly touched upon, by authors of kindred works; I have also desired to present all the information neces- sary to the successful cultivation of the rose, exemplified in different ways. I feel, how- ever, that it is but just to my readers, and my brethren of the craft, to record those publications which are useful compilations on this subject. First of all, and above all, let me recommend “A Book about Roses,” by S. Reynolds Hole, London. This book of 322 pages is a charming compilation by a gifted writer, who, though in one sense an amateur, has perhaps done more to further the growing of beautiful roses than any other
199
200 THE ROSE.
man. No one has ever written on floricul- tural subjects so lovingly, so attractively, as Canon Hole; he is in this respect above and beyond all writers, and his book is an adviser and companion that no rosarian can afford to be without.
“The Rose Garden” is a large volume of 256 pages, by William Paul, London. This is a book prepared with care and contains much of interest; perhaps that which is most valuable is the chapter on hybridizing.
“The Amateur’s Rose Book,” by Shirley Hibberd; “The Rose Amateur’s Guide,” by Thomas Rivers, rank next in merit. “‘ Roses and Rose Culture,” by William Paul; “Cul- tural Directions for the “Rose, by, john Cranston; “ Roses and their Culture,” by W. D. Prior, are other English works which may be added to the library of any one interested in floricultural matters.
In the French language we have “Les Roses,” by Jamain and Forney, a work made expensive by the use of gilt edges and colored illustrations, we regret to say of dreadful character. Anew work in German, by Thomas Nietner, was published in 1880. This is the largest book on the rose that I know of. It is illustrated with 106 woodcuts and 12 colored plates. The author describes
PUBLICATIONS ON THE ROSE. 201
5007 varieties of roses. The colored illustra- tions are very beautiful, on the whole, but mot all true to’ nature,” In the names of varieties the author often mixes the English, French, and German languages very gro- tesquely. There are many typographical and other errors, but it is a book worth hav- ing if one is willing to pay the price, which is of necessity high.
American publications on the rose are: “The Book of Roses,” by Francis Parkman; “Parsons on the Rose,” by Samuel B. Par- sons; “Prince’s Manual of Roses,” by W.R. Prince, and “The Rose Manual,” by Robert Buist. I believe the last two named are out of print.
Of magazines and papers, which frequently contain articles on the rose that are of in- terest, there are many. ‘Those which give the most attention to the subject are: Garden and Forest, conducted by Profes- sor C. S. Sargent, New York. Zhe Ameri- can florist, Chicago. American Gardening, New York. Zhe Country Gentleman, Albany, N.Y. Zhe Rural New Vorker, New York. The American Garden (monthly), New York. In England there are, Zhe Gardener’s Chront- cle, Journal of Horticulture, The Garden, The Gardener's Magazine, Gardening lllustrated,
202 THE ROSE.
London. All of these are weekly papers. In France we find a monthly magazine entitled Journal des Roses, published by Pierre Cochet, Paris, and in Germany the Rosen Zeitung, edited by P. Lambert, Frankfurt.
APPENDIX.
OLD AND NEW ROSES. {From the Century Magazine, July, 1883.]
=] L is worthy of note that our fathers “y| and forefathers had in general a better nomenclature for their
aaa: roses than is used in these days. Such’ names as Dame Blanche, La Favorite, Rosalie, La Coquette, and those of the various mythological characters—as Hebe, Juno, and Calypso—were freely used. Now the favorite roses are Dukes and Duchesses, Counts and Countesses, Lords and Ladies, Generals and Senators, till we wonder if there are any plebeians left.
There are many old roses that should never be forgotten, though they have been pushed aside by new-comers, and are seldom to be found on sale at the florist’s. Blanche- fleur, Madame Hardy, Madame Zoetman are delightfully fragrant, beautiful white roses,
203
204 LOGIE SOS Ke
whose places have not been filled by any of the usurping Remontants; and there are others, of the Provence and Damask families, - nearly as fineas those named. In all our im- provements, we have not yet bettered the quality of the old white summer roses of thirty and forty years ago. The demand is now altogether for those varieties which bloom more than once, and, in achieving freedom of bloom, we have lost in fragrance, have lost in hardiness; therefore, to leave out and cast aside these favorites of a gen- eration that is passing away is surely a seri- ous mistake. Others beside the old white summer roses should be retained. ‘There is the Centifolia, or cabbage-rose, so unfortu- nately named, which is yet a model for form and fragrance; there is the common Sweet- brier, with its bright orange-red heps—not a flower for florists truly, but how attractive to the artist, how full of inspiration to the poet, how grateful to all who are pleased by fragrance! For bright yellow shades, we yet look to the old Austrian roses, so called, Harrison’s and Persian Yellow. Then what is more charming than the moss-roses? what bouquet more beautiful than loose branches of the Gracilis, the Common and Crested moss-roses? |
OLD AND NEW ROSES. 205
The Charles Lawson, Coupe d’Hébé, Paul Ricaut, and some others of the old summer kinds are also very useful as pillar roses; they have nearly everything that makes a rose valuable save the property of blossoming more thanonce. It must also be remembered that the old roses were not alone such as bloomed in June only. Agrippina, Edward Desfosses, Hermosa, Souvenir de la Malmai- son, Aimée Vibert, Lamarque, Solfaterre, Bon Siléne, Bougére, Devoniensis, Flaves- cens, Madame de Vatry, Niphetos, Odorata, Safrano, Triomphe de Luxembourg are mem- bers of the Bengal, Bourbon, Noisette, and Tea families, introduced more than forty years ago, and in none of these groups has any great advance been made. Certainly, many beautiful and distinct varieties have since been introduced, but the improvement in quality of these classes has been slight as compared to the advance made by the intro- duction of new groups.
Roses of the present, as compared with those of the past, are superior by reason of the introduction of groups that are hardy, or nearly so, and that blossom at intervals and continuously through the summer and autumn. We remember the great interest awakened by the varieties sent out by Laffay,
206 TE ACOSE.
such as Madame Laffay, Mrs. Elliott, and, a few years after, La Reine. The two former have nearly disappeared from cultivation; but La Reine is still much grown, and, like the General Jacqueminot, Victor Verdier, and Jules Margottin, has been the progenitor of most of the hardy roses cultivated at this day.
It would astonish the uninitiated to learn the number, not only of those who propagate plants for sale, but those who are engaged in the production of new varieties from seed. Strange to say, the raising of new roses has been done successfully only in France and England. Italy and Germany have ac- complished almost nothing in this line, al- though the climate of those countries is as favorable for the purpose as that of the other two; but in this they only follow the general line of horticultural progress, for Italy and Germany have produced few varieties of European fruits that are valuable. America has originated more fruits of high quality than any other country, but her contributions to the list of good roses, though larger than those of Italy and Germany, fall far short of what they should be. With an extent of territory that gives greater variation of climate and soil than is to be found in any
OLD AND NEW ROSES. 207
other country, it must be that America will yet produce her share of fine roses.
With the year 1842 appeared the Baronne Prévost, which is now the oldest type among Hybrid Remontantroses. Itisnotanumerous family, and is of much less importance to us than many others, but we can well imagine what pleasure it gave when it was introduced to the rosarians of that day. The flowers are very large and full, flat in form, quite fragrant, and in color some shade of rose. It is the most hardy type we have. The only varieties commonly grown are Boieldieu, Colonel de Rougemont, and Madame Boll.
In 1843, Laffay introduced what he loyally named Rose of the Queen (ose de la Reine). This variety bore royal sway for many years. It not only still sells well and is to be consid- ered a useful rose, but it should also have our esteem as being the parent of a most useful family. The flowers are of various shades of rose, generally of semi-globular form, large, somewhat fragrant; free in the autumn; quite hardy, enduring more cold than any of the other families except Baronne Prévost. The leading sorts are: Anne de Diesbach, Antoine Mouton, Auguste Mie, Belle Normande, Francois Michelon, Madame Nachury, Paul Neyron. Among
208 TATE VROSE.
the varieties of this family none equal in merit the Francois Michelon.
The Giant of Battles was introduced by Nérard in 1846, and doubtless has Bourbon blood in its veins. The colors are of various shadings of crimson, very rich and effective when in perfection, but very fleeting. The sun soon gives them a muddy hue. The flowers are well shaped but small, and have slight fragrance; they are very freely pro- duced in the spring and summer months, but asarule not in the autumn. The foliage is of lustrous dark green, very subject to mil- dew. They are difficult to propagate from cuttings, and are liable to injury from frost. The leading sorts are: Cardinal Patrizzi, — Crimson Bedder, Empereur de Maroc, Eugéne Appert, Lord Raglan, Mrs. Standish. Owing chiefly to their bad constitution, they are rapidly disappearing from cultivation, and in a few years it is likely none will remain. The same rich color can now be found in the Prince Camille family.
The General Jacqueminot, the head of what is now considered the most valuable type, made its bow, in 1852, to an admiring world: clad in rich crimson livery, it still commands respect and admiration, and mar- shalled under its generalship is the army of
OLD AND NEW ROSES. 209
dark roses which so excite and please our senses by their charms and loveliness. This family probably originated from the old hy- brid China, Gloire des Rosomanes; they are moderately hardy, but less so than those of the Baronne Prévost, Jules Margottin, and La Reine types. The flowers are invariably shades of red and crimson, generally highly perfumed, freely produced in the spring, but varying greatly as to their autumnal bloom. As a family, they are much more shy in the autumn than any of the others. It is now the most numerous of the families, due to the fact that popular taste inclines more to crimson than to light-coloredroses. Leading varieties of this type are Beauty of Waltham, Marie Baumann (moderate growth), Marie Rady, Maurice Bernardin, Pierre Notting, Xavier Olibo (dwarf growth), also Sénateur Vaisse, Charles Lefebvre, Prince Camille, Alfred Colomb, and Duke of Edinburgh. About the latter varieties cluster numerous others of the family of less importance.
The head of the Victor Verdier type origi- nated with the greatest of all the raisers, Lacharme, of Lyons, and was sent out by him in 1852. It is doubtless from one of the La Reine type, crossed with some monthly
rose, probably a Bourbon. The descendants 14
210 NIETO des
are very numerous, and in spite of their rather tender habits, form a valuable group, being the most free to flower of them all. If they were fragrant, they would be unrivalled; but, alas! they are devoid of scent, and there- fore cannot rank as high as theothers. Fine feathers alone do not make fine birds, and surely fragrance is to the rose what song is to the bird. Its flowers are large, well built up; generally shades of rose and pink prevail; mildew operates against these more than any others except the Giant of Battles type. Of all the families it is the best adapted for forcing in winter. The leading varieties grown are Captain Christy, Countess of Ox- ford, Etienne Levet, Hippolyte Jamain, Ju- lius Finger, Madame George Schwartz, Made- moiselle Eugénie Verdier, Marie Cointet, Marie Finger, Mrs. Baker, Oxonian (some- what fragrant), Président Thiers, Pride of Waltham, Rosy Morn.
In 1853, Jules Margottin, of Bourg-la- Reine, near Paris, sent out a fine rose, which he called after himself. Though he has been raising seedling roses ever since, none of them has quite come upin worth to his name- sake, the flowers of which are large in size, very full, somewhat flat in shape, in shades of rose and carmine, and almost without per-
OLD ANDYNEW ROSES. 211
fume. They are generally free in the autumn, are very hardy, though as a rule difficult of propagation from cuttings, but making very vigorous plants when budded. The leading sorts: Abel Grand, Bessie John- son (quite fragrant), Charles Margottin (reddish crimson), Countess of Serenye, Duchesse de Vallombrosa, Edward Morren, Egeria, Emily Laxton, John Hopper, Magna Charta, Madame Gabriel Luizet, Madame La- charme, Madame Louis Lévéque, Mademoi- selle Thérése Levet, Marchioness of Exeter, Marguérite de St. Amande, Marquise de Cas- tellane, Miss Hassard (scented), Monsieur Noman, Peach Blossom, Princess Mary of Cambridge, and Rev. J. B. M. Camm, which is very sweet.
The Sénateur Vaisse became known in 1859. In this family we find the most per- fectly formed flowers; the varieties are of moderate growth, with smoother wood than most of the others. The foliage is more round and perhaps of a deeper green. Ma- dame Victor Verdier, Monsieur E. Y. Teas, and Mrs. Laxton form the leading members.
Charles Lefebvre, one of Lacharme’s pro- ductions, was introduced in1861. The origi- nator believes that this came from a cross of Victor Verdier and General Jacqueminot.
212 THE ROSE.
It certainly takes after the characteristics of those twosorts. ‘The flowers are more wavy in outline than in the other families; the growth is somewhat less vigorous, the wood more smooth. Dr. Andry, Glory of Ches- hunt, Harrison Weir, Horace Vernet, Lord Macaulay, Madame Anna de Besobrasoff, Marguerite Brassac, Mrs. Harry Turner, Paul Jamain, and W. Wilson Saunders are the leading kinds.
Prince Camille, which was introduced in 1861, by E. Verdier, gives us the darkest type of roses which we have. From appearances, we should think it originated in a natural cross between varieties of the Giant of Battles and General Jacqueminot types, the charac- teristics of the latter predominating. None of these bloom freely in autumn, but they are magnificent in their dark, velvety shades, as seen in the spring. Baron Chaurand, Baron de Bonstetten, Abel Carriére, Henry Bennett, Jean Cherpin, Jean Liabaud, Jean Soupert, La Rosiére, Monsieur Boncenne, and Prési- dent Léon de St. Jean comprise the family. More than the others, Abel Carriére and Jean Soupert take after Giant of Battles.
Alfred Colomb, another of Lacharme’s raising (1865), has a similar habit of growth to the Jacqueminot type, but the thorns are
OLD AND NEW ROSES. 213
less numerous and with more of a yellowish hue. The flowers are more globular, stand the sun better, and are much more freely produced, constituting a most valuable family. The varieties are A. K. Williams, Fisher Holmes, and Wilhelm Koelle.
The Duke of Edinburgh, sent out by George Paul in 1868, is the only English rose which may be regarded as the founder of a family. The flowers are inclined to be thinner in petal than those of the Jacquemi- not type, rather smaller, burn much more quickly in the sun, and are not constant in autumn. It isa very beautiful family when grown in a moist, cool climate; but there are few of the members that will do well under our hot sun. The varieties best known, mostly of recent origin, are, Brightness of Cheshunt, Dr. Hooker, Duke of Connaught, Duke of Teck, Robert Marnock, S. Reynolds Hole, Sultan of Zanzibar, and The Shah.
Baroness Rothschild is the typical repre- sentative of asmall but very beautiful family, the very aristocracy of roses. It is not a new rose, but its merits have not been recog- nized till within a few years. Now that the florists have finally taken it for winter forc- ing, it is becoming well known, but it will always command comparatively high prices.
214 THE ROSE.
Twelve and fifteen dollars foradozen blooms have been the prices during the winter months. Mabel Morrison, Merveille de Lyon, and White Baroness are three white roses of the type that are to-day the special sensation of the rose world. They have the same short-jointed stems, with the beautiful foliage closely set under the blooms, that are a characteristic and pleasing feature of the parent. Mabel Morrison is the only one of the white trio which is likely to be seen in any number for some time to come; the others are but just out, and florists will use all the wood the plants make for propagat- ing. Three white, hardy varieties of such omneh rank as these | pimay. well excites the enthusiasm of all who grow roses.
The above description exhausts the divis- ions which may be considered distinct types. Though there are other roses which stand aloof, they have few or no followers. Such are Madame Charles Wood, Caroline de Sansal, and a few others.
All of the families of roses so far discussed are members of the Hybrid Remontant or Hybrid Perpetual class, certainly the most important of the many groups of roses now cultivated; but there are others of modern origin, which have also strong claims on our
OLD AND NEW ROSES. 215
attention, the oldest of which is the Hybrid Noisette family, that may be divided into two sections. The original variety, Madame Récamier, was sent out by Lacharme in 1853. Nothing more is known of the origin of this sort, other than that one of the parents is supposed to have been a Noisette rose. Be- longing to this type are Mademoiselle Bon- naire, Madame Noman, Eliza Boelle, and Madame Oswald de Kerchove. The flowers are of medium size, and of circular, very beautifulform. Though devoid of fragrance, the flowers are freely produced from June throughout the summer; for which reason these varieties are to be valued as most charming acquisitions on our list of white or light-tinted roses.
In 1860, Lacharme sent out Madame Gus- tave Bonnet, the head of the second division of the Hybrid Noisette family. This variety, the originator claims, was produced from seed of Blanche Lafitte (Bourbon), fertilized by Sappho (Portland). If this be true, this type should go by some other term than Hy- brid Noisette; but the name has been fixed by usage, and as they have no fragrance, they will, at all events, smell as sweet by this name as any other. Belonging to the same type as Madame Gustave Bonnet are
216 LTT IS LO SLE:
Louise Darzens, Madame Aifred de Rouge- mont, Baronne de Maynard, Coquette des Alpes, Coquette des Blanches, and Madame Francois Pittet, all raised by Lacharme. Madame Bellenden Ker, Perfection des Blanches, and Madame Auguste Perrin, of the same family, are the production of other per- sons. These kinds differ from those of the Mademoiselle Bonnaire type, in being of more vigorous habit, of smoother wood, and of more oval and glaucous foliage, more like that of the Bourbons. The flowers are even more freely produced, but are inferior in quality to those of the other type.
Gloire de Dijon was sent out in 1853. In its habit of growth, it showed itself distinct from all others, and has become the head of a class now known as Climbing Teas. When the plant has once become established it is of vigorous growth, and has long been a favorite as a pillar rose, both for conservatories and in favorable situations out of doors. Its par- entage is not known, but I believe it must have originated froma natural cross between a Bourbon and a tea-scented Noisette rose. The most popular kinds of this type are Gloire de Bordeaux, Belle Lyonnaise, Madame Trifle, Madame Bérard, Marie Berton, Beauty of Europe, and Reine Marie Pia, but none of
OLD AND NEW ROSES. 217
them has attracted the same attention as the old sort.
The most valuable type of roses since Gen- eral Jacqueminot is the Hybrid Tea. The original of this new race is La France, introduced, in 1869, by Guillot, of Lyons. This was raised from the seed of a Tea rose, but is entirely distinct from all tea-scented kinds. In color it is a soft, silvery rose, delicately tinged with a faint shade of lilac; in its fragrance, a most delightful combi- nation of the Provenge and Tea perfumes. It blooms perpetually, the end of each shoot always carrying a flower-bud, and these shoots constantly pushing forth. In these three qualities, so essential to a perfect rose, it has scarcely any equal, and solely by its intrinsic merits has now gained a popularity shared by few or none others of its sister- hood. Duchess of Connaught and Vis- countess Falmouth, raised by Bennett, of England, are varieties of the same type, which most nearly approach La France, both in appearance and fragrance. Next to them comes Madame Alexandre Bernaix, raised by Guillot. Michael Saunders, Duke of Con- naught, and Nancy Lee, all varieties of Ben- nett’s, are very beautiful; but the two last
218 IEDR I OVSY Fe
named are of such delicate habit that they will never be useful for general culture.
The Polyantha Rose is of recent introduc- tion. The original, which is a native of Japan, has very small, single white flowers, about the size of a silver twenty-five-cent piece; itis of sarmentous growth, quite hardy, and blooms in panicles, in the spring. Some of the French growers have raised seedlings, crosses (natural or artificial) with Teas or other classes, which are true ever-blooming roses and of great merit. The varieties best known are Paquerette, Anne Marie de Mon- travel, Mignonette, and Cécile Brtinner. They are more tender than the parent, but afe quite as hardy as the Hybrid Noisettes and the Hybrid Teas. As an edging for a bed of monthly roses, nothing can be more effective than a row or two of Paquerette or one of the other Polyanthas. They are ex- tremely beautiful little flowers, which will survive all the sneers of the horticultural snobs who see no beauty in a rose much smaller in size than a peony.
The attention of hybridizers is now di- rected toward crossing varieties of Tea with Hybrid Remontant roses, and new sorts of great value may confidently be expected from
OLD AND NEW ROSES. 219
the efforts which are being made in this line. To obtain a variety which shall ina large degree combine the hardiness of La Reine or Jacqueminot, with the fragrance and free- blooming qualities of Madame Bravy or Bon Siléne, is surely worth striving for.
This leads us to a consideration of the roses of the future, what they may be, what they should be. Roses of the past have been the product of nature, unaided by the hand of man. Roses of the present also chiefly come from sowing the seeds of varieties which have not been crossed, except as the crossing has been a matter of chance by natural agencies. In some instances efforts at arti- ficial hybridization have been recorded that have given successful results. Roses of the future may and should come principally as the result of artificial fecundation and hy- bridization. A long essay would be required to treat this subject and do it justice in a magazine article. I can only touch on some of the more salient points. Laffay, who raised most of the Hybrid Remontants of value previous to 1850, is understood to have produced many of them by crossing artifi- cially varieties of the Bourbon roses with the old crimson Rose du Roi. Vibert, Hardy, and some other of the French rosarians are
220 LHI ROSE.
also known to have produced a great many of our most beautiful roses by manual fertili- zation; but as no record has been kept of the varieties used for the purpose, the result of their work is of no use to the hybridizer of this day further than to afford proof that de- finite results can better be obtained from artificial than from natural crosses. Our aim should be to control and assist nature, as far as possible, in her tendency toward variation.
There has been so much carelessness, not to say ignorance, with regard to the parentage of the various varieties of roses, that I do not think it would be possible to name fifty kinds and give the parentage on both sides. For the past twenty-five years, nature has been so lavish in producing variations of great beauty, that those who have raised new roses have been content to gather the heps and sow the seed, depending on natural crosses to produce new and desirable kinds. Not only have they thus entirely relied on nature to accomplish what they wished; they have not even taken the pains, except in few in- stances, to separate the seed of one variety from that of another, but have sowed them allpromiscuously. To trace the peculiarities of each variety, learning just what influence each parent had in forming the qualities of
OLD AND NEW ROSES. 221
the offspring, would be an interesting and profitable study. I hold it as an axiom, that, in the progeny of any rose which has been crossed with another, the influence of both parents can be distinctly traced.
Artificial crossing and hybridization of roses is generally performed by removing with fine scissors the stamens of the flower to be operated on, and then shaking over it the flower of that which contains the pollen to be used, or by gently dusting it on with a camel’s-hair brush. In this manner it is supposed that the characteristics of each sort will be given in about equal measure to the progeny. It isnot uncommon to cross varie- ties without removing the stamens, in which case the influence of the female parent is believed to preponderate; but neither of these methods has been accurately proved as to the results. An interesting question which arises, in connection with the subject of artificial fertilization, is how far removed from each other, in the habit of growth and in other peculiarities, may be the varieties which are to be used as parents, without preventing a successful crossing of the two.
In crossing roses, we are most certain to attain satisfactory results by blending seed- bearing varieties which have several char-
222 ITER IRONS Fe,
acteristic features in common; thus, varieties of the same type will nearly always effect good crosses, as General Jacqueminot with Xavier Olibo, Madame Victor Verdier with E. Y. Teas; but, on account of a certain re- semblance which must prevail among the kinds of one type, we are less likely to obtain new sorts of any marked individuality than would result from hybridizing varieties of one group by those of another not too widely separated group; in other words, we should avoid the extremes of crossing varieties too much alike, and of hybridizing one kind by another so widely removed in characteristics that a successful, healthy progeny cannot re- sult. Here is a vast field still largely unex- plored in which to study and experiment. This is not a matter to be confined to scien- tists; all who truly love roses, all that have some knowledge of their individual peculiar- ities, may engage in this fascinating pursuit with probabilities of success.
“This is an art Which does mend nature, change it rather; but The art itself is nature.”
A common error committed by the beginner is in attempting to grow varieties that are of delicate habit and feeble constitution. At-
OLD AND NEW ROSES. 223
tracted by the great beauty, or fragrance of a flower, he does not consider, or does not understand, that vigor of growth, perpetuity of bloom, and perfect hardiness are very sel- dom combined with the qualities which have allured him.
A pleasing departure from the usual method of growing roses is found in the pegging- down system. Grown in this way, the long shoots are carefully bent down and fastened to the ground by means of hooked sticks or pegs. Flower-buds will then push out all along the shoots, and a correspondingly large number of blooms be obtained. True, the individual flowers are apt to be of somewhat inferior quality to those produced in the ordinary way, but a mass of color not other- wise obtainable can thus be had. I donot advocate this system to the exclusion of the one commonly pursued, but its occasional or alternate use is certainly capable of yielding most satisfactory results.
Besides planting roses in beds, it is well to scatter them through the borders of our gardens, giving the favored positions to the more delicate kinds. Among the best varie- ties which yet require some extra care are Eugénie Verdier—the most beautiful of the Victor Verdier type—a rose of very delicate
224 THE ROSE.
coloring, silvery-pink, tinged with salmon, and Charles Lefebvre, which is beautiful in both flower and leaf, the color of General Jacqueminot deepened by a shade of satiny- purple. Among the roses not sufficiently well known are Marguerite de St. Amande, a deep pink sort, which gives beautiful buds as well as fine flowers, and blossoms through the summer and autumn months; Baroness Rothschild, a blush-pink, with exquisite cup- shaped flowers freely produced; Francois Michelon, a striking variety, intermediate in character between its parent La Reine and General Jacqueminot, thus uniting two rival dynasties. It has large, deep rose-colored flowers, veined with lilac, and is of splendid globular form. It blooms late, the flowers not developing until most others of the same class are past their prime. Eliza Boelle is, perhaps, the best white rose that we have. It blooms profusely all through the summer months; the flowers are full, of the most perfect, globular form, the centre generally tinged with blush. It is not possible to imagine a flower of greater beauty. The best of the moss-roses are Gracilis, Common, and Crested. Not the least of the qualities we desire in arose is fragrance. In this re- gard, all varieties of all classes must do
OLD AND NEW ROSES. 225
homage to La France, the sweetest of fragrant roses. To be sure, itis rather tender, but it is easily protected so as to winter safely. It does not always open well, but it is a simple matter to assist it, an operation not practica- ble with most varieties that open imperfectly. If the buds of La France show a tendency to remain closed, by gently pressing the point of the bloom with the fingers, and then blow- ing into the centre, the flower will almost invariably expand, and the pent-up fragrance escape.
Not enough attention is given to the Bour- bon and Tearoses. The Hybrid Remontants justly claim first attention, when they are in perfection; but after the first blossoming is over, throughout July, August, and Septem- ber they are much less attractive than many of the monthly roses. Varieties like Bougére, Homer, Madame de Vatry, and Marie Van Houtte, will give a continuous supply of flowers when the so-called hardy roses are al- most or altogether out of bloom. How faith- fully the various varieties of Tea roses reproduce the beautiful tints often painted in the sky at sunset and at sunrise! The many shades of rose, pink, lilac, white, salmon, yellow, etc., are found in both alike, and it
15
226 TE TiO SE, would often puzzle us to decide whether the most beautiful combinations of these delicate shades are found, in the illumined clouds, or in the petals of these roses. Tea roses are rather tender, but in truth they have, in this respect, been somewhat maligned. Those sorts named above are, in reality, but little more tender than La France, the Hybrid Noisettes, and all the Victor Verdier race of Hybrid Remontants. If earth be hilled up about the plants, and a slight covering of loose material, like branches of evergreens, be applied, the more robust sorts of monthly roses will winter in safety. In giving pro- tection, care must be taken not to smother the plants by entirely excluding the air. This never occurs from the use of evergreen branches, but if straw or litter be taken, sticks or boards should be used to prevent the material matting together. This is one of the cases where it is possible to kill by mistaken kindness.
Canon Hole, in his charming “ Book about Roses,” says:
“He who would have beautiful roses in his gar- den must have beautiful roses in his heart. He must love them well and always: He must have not only the glowing admiration, the enthusiasm,
OLD AND NEW ROSES. 227
and the passion, but the tenderness, the thought- fulness, the reverence, the watchfulness of love.”
This is the sum and substance of success in rose culture; without this true love, failure, partial or complete, is sure to follow.
CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES,
DESCRIBING ALL SORTS NOW IN GENERAL CULTIVATION.
REGISTER of this nature cannot attain absolute perfection, but I have been at great pains to make : rue) it complete and accurate. As re-
Banas the age of the different varieties and
by whom sent out, I have obtained my in-
formation from the raisers themselves, their catalogues, from various horticultural mag-
azines and books, mostly French, and from a
few amateurs, who have interested them-
selves in the subject. Among these are
Mons. Jean Sisley, whose monograph of the
roses raised at Lyons has been of valuable
service. I believe this will be found much the most reliable list of the kind, but from seeing so many inaccuracies in others of similar character I know there must be some errors in this. Any of my readers who may discover mistakes or misstatements of facts will greatly oblige by communicating with 228
CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 229
me, giving the authority which they have. In the descriptions, the more popular sorts are more fully treated than those not so well known; where a variety is described as be- longing to a type, a lengthy description is rendered unnecessary and only the most dis- tinctive features are given. A familiarity with the contents of Chapter XV. will there- fore be a great help to those who wish to gain a correct impression of the varieties here described.
In compiling this list the following method has been determined on as the best. The name of the variety is first given; then, the habit of growth; next, letters which show to what class the variety belongs; then, in the second column, name of the raiser, and year when the rose was sent out; afterward, the parentage, if known, or type to which the sort may belong; and, lastly, the description. In case of synonyms, they are placed in brackets after the accepted name. It is de- sirable to add the following, as an explana- tion of the plan used in describing varieties:
Color—the prevailing shade in the most perfect development of the flower.
Size—small, from one to two inches in diameter; medium, from two to three inches in diameter; large, from three to four inches
230 TIDE IO SE.
in diameter; very large, above four inches in diameter.
Fulness—semi-double, with two to four rows of petals; double, having more than four rows of petals, but the seed organs are shown when the flower expands; full, in which the expanded flowers seldom show the
stamens. _ Form—cupped, the inner petals are shorter than the outer ones, the latter stand erect and are generally incurved; globular, outer petals are concave, often with convex edges, the petals fold richly one about the other; reflexed, numerous petals, generally small, rising tier above tier to the centre; flat, the surface of the flower is level and all the petals are exposed to view—varieties of this kind are very full and rarely are seed-bearers.
Abbreviations used, describing the habit of growth:
Vig., Vigorous.—Those sorts which are most luxuriant in growth.
Free.—Varieties which rank next in order, producing shoots somewhat shorter or less strong than the first.
Mod., Moderate.—These kinds make a compact growth, but do not produce long shoots.
Dwf., Dwarf.—These are the most delicate
CATALOGUE OR VARIETIES. 231
or slow-growing sorts. Among hardy roses, those marked dw/. should, almost invariably, be budded.
It is to be noted that nearly all varieties which have in them shades of lilac, violet, or purple are very fleeting in color.
ABBREVIATIONS, DESCRIBING THE CLASSES TO WHICH THE VARIETIES BELONG.
A.—Austrian. Ay.—Ayrshire. Bk.—Banksia. B.—Bourbon. B’lt.—Boursault.
Cl. T.—Climbing Tea. Dam.—Damask. Ev.—Evergreen. Fr.—French.
H. Ch.—Hybrid China. H. Cl.—Hybrid Climbing. H. N.—Hybrid Noisette. H. R.—Hybrid Remontant. H. T.—Hybrid Tea. Mic.—Microphylla.
M.— Moss. Mult.—Multifiora. N.—Noisette.
P. M.—Perpetual Moss.
232 LUVEIR ISL OSI I, ea RAS NESE Ma aN tS ete RRR RE ON CePA Na
Pol.—Polyantha.
P.—Prairie. Prov.—Provence. S.—Scotch.
T.—Tea Roses.
CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 233
CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.
VARIETY, HABIT
oF GROWTH, AND Crass, DESCRIPTION,
x, A. Geotreyest. -Hi-|E. Verdier, 1878. Red, with a shade of laire, mod. 7.2. crimson ; medium size, full; fine, cir- cular form, fragrant and free. Seed or- gans well developed ; seven leaflets are common, a great rarity among dark va-
rieties of this class. 2. ea M. Ampére. #.|Liabaud, 1881. Raised from Lzox des
Combats. 3h Abbé Bramerel,|Guillot fils, 1871. Raised from Gzant of mod. #2. Battles. Crimson, shaded with vel- vety purple.
4. Abbé Giraudier. 7.|Levet, 1869. Bright rose. R,
5. Abbé Reynaud, vig./Guillot fils, 1863. Large, carmine-rose LEG. flowers, not full enough; growth very rank, 6. Abel Carriére, mod./E. Verdier, 1875. Velvety-crimson, with HR, fiery centre; large, full flowers, fra- grant ; short wood, sharp red spines ; shows traces of Bourbon blood. A rose of better form and finish than most of the very dark sorts. Shy in autumn. 7- Abel Grand, mod.|Damaizin, 1865. /ules Margottin type. OLATee pee Glossy rose, large and full, fragrant ; unreliable as to form, often the finest in autumn, 8, Achille Gonod, free.|Gonod, 1864. Raised from /ules Mar- f1.R. gottin. Rosy-carmine. g. Acidalie, free. 8. |Rousseau, 1837. Blush, often white;
fragrant. ro. Adam, mod. (Syz.)Adam, 1838. Salmon-rose, fragrant ; es- President.) T. teemed for forcing.
11, Admiral Nelson, vig.;Ducher, 1859. Bright crimson, double, HR, cupped form; very spiny, straggling growth ; shows Bourbon origin.
234 THE ROSE.
VARIETY, HABIT
oF GROWTH, AND CLASS. DESCRIPTION.
12. Admiral Rigney. V.|See Eugéne Pirolle.
13. Adolphe Brong-|Margottin, 1868. Carmine-red, full fra-
niard, mod. /7.R. grant.
14. Adrienne Chris- Gaillot fils, 1868. Apricot-yellow.
ee mod. 7.
. African Black, mod.|Dark crimson. Not valuable.
ee
16. Agrippina, mod.|Introduced to England from China in
(Syn. Cramoitsi-| 1789. Rich crimson, specially valued
Superteur.) Beng.| for its fine buds. A useful sort for bedding out and for forcing. The best of the class.
17. ee Vibert, free.|Vibert, 1828. Raised from Sespervirens Plena. Pure white, small, double flowers, produced in large ‘clusters ; seven leaflets : nearly hardy.
18. Aimée Vibert Scan-|Curtis, 1841. A sport from the above;
dens, vig. WV. identical with the old kind, except that it is of stronger growth. ‘These pretty sorts are both difficult to propagate from cuttings.
1g. Alba Carnea, free.|Touvais, 1867. White, tinted with rose ;
Tele foliage dark ; seven leaflets are common. zo. Alba Grandiflora,|Very small, full flow ers, delicately scent- vig. Bk. ed.
21. Alba Mutabilis, free.|E. Verdier, 1865. Pink, sometimes mot-
Jebel tled, medium size, double. Wood armed with dark-brown thorns.
22. Alba Rosea, free. 7.|Sarter, 1855. See Madame Bravy.
oo eee ’Dutitre. Lévéque, 1878. Bright rose.
R
24. Alexandre Fontaine, |Cherry-red ; mildews easily; shy bloomer. vig. See 25. Alexandrine Bach-|Margottin, 1852. Cherry-red, rosette metieff, mod. A.R,| shape, medium size; foliage dark; wood armed with pale red thorns. 26. Alfred Colomb, free.|Lacharme, 1865. Raised from General HR. Jacqueminot. Carmine-crimson ; large, or very large, full; of fine, globular form, extremely fragrant: green wood, with occasional pale green thorns, the foliage large and handsome. A grand rose; the most useful, in its class, for general cultivation. 27. Alfred de Dalmas,|Laffay, 1855. Pink, small flowers, of free Ere poor quality ; the wood is very thorny ; straggling habit.
CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 235
es nee VarRIETY, HaBIT
oF GROWTH, AND CLASS.
pee a
28. Alfred de Rouge- mont, free. A.R.
DESCRIPTION.
Lacharme, 1863. Raised from General Jacqueminot, Crimson-magenta, very large, full, well built, fragrant ; rather shy bloomer.
Schwartz, 1877. Magenta-red, shaded with crimson ; large, full flowers, partly imbricated. A very beautiful rose ; but, thus far, not constant and reliable.
zo. Alfred Leveau.|Vigneron, 1880. Carmine-rose.
29. Alfred K. Williams, mod. H.R. i
31. Alice Dureau. /7.X.|Vigneron, 1867. Rosy-lilac, good globu-
lar form.
32. Alice Leroy, mod. Trouillard, 1842. Pink, semi-double ;
or free. buds are not mossy. Armed with very _ red spines.
33. Aline Sisley, mod./Guillot fils, 1874. Violet-rose, not a clear
if. shade ; a fruity, pleasant fragrance.
34. Alpaide de Rotalier,|Campy, 1863. Rose-color.
free. Al.R. 35. Alphonse Damaizin,| Damaizin, 1861. Bright crimson. mod. H.R. 36. Alphonse Karr. H.\Portemer, 1845. Flesh color, margined 5 with carmine.
37- pe piouse Karr. #.|/F niles 1855. Bright rose, medium size,
ull.
Nabonnand, 1878. Raised from Duchess of Edinburgh. Rosy-crimson. Sent out asa Tea; but, with its parent, is better placed among the _ Bengals. There is, as yet, no crimson Tea.
39. Alphonse Mortle-|Madame Ducher, 1875. Lilac-rose.
mans, mod, 7.
40. *Alphonse Soupert,
vig. AR.
41. Amabilis, free. 7.
38. Alphonse Karr, mod. JS.
Lacharme, 1883. Large, very handsome and showy; bright rose color.
Touvais. Flesh color, centre rose ; habit, branching.
42. Amadis, vig. (Cvzm-|Laffay, 1829. Purplish-crimson; semi- son Boursault.)Bit.| double.
43. Amazone, mod, 7,|Ducher, 1872. Yellow, reverse of petals
veined with rose; long, well-formed
buds ; habit delicate.
44. Ambrogio Ma ggi.|Pernet, 1879. Raised from Johnz Hopper.
ALR. Bright rose.
45. Amélie Hoste. .|/Gonod, 1874. Pink, reverse of petals Ie darker.
@. America, vig. WV. |C.G. Page, 1859. (Sent out by T. G.
Ward, of Washington.) Raised from
236 THE ROSE.
Variety, Hapit DESCRIPTION. OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.
Solfaterre X Safrano. Pale yellow, with fawn centre ; large, full flowers; more shy than either parent. 47. American Banner,|G. Cartwright, 1879. (Sent out by Peter dwf.. Z. Henderson.) A sport from Sox Sz- Zéne. Carmine, striped with white, semi-double; the flowers and foliage are both small. Of no value except asa
curiosity. 48. * American Beauty,|Hon. G. Bancroft; sent out by George MA ele Field & Bro., 1885. Large, globular ;
deep pink, shaded with carmine ; deli- cious odor; has proved to be a’ most desirable variety for forcing. 49. André Dunand,|Schwartz, 1871. Raised from Victor mod. A.A. Verdier. Silvery rose; fades quickly and often opens badly. so. André Leroy, mod.|Trouillard, 1868. (Sent out by Standish.) fI.R. Crimson, with a shade of violet; an attractive color, but very transient ; often ill-formed. 5x. * Angéle Jacquier, Cue 1879. Pale rose, sometimes flesh, ineesiuel se base of petals tinged with coppery yel- low; very sweet, free flowering. lovely Tea, bearing some resemblance both to Catherine Mermet and Rubens. 52. Anicet Bourgeois.|Moreau-Robert, 1880. Raised from Sex- Ike ateur Wigeece! <x Madame Victor Ver- dter, Cherry-red, cupped form. 53. Anna Alexieff, free.|Margottin, 1858. Rose color, large, full IEIE flowers, freely produced. 54. Anna Eliza, vig. P. Williams. Red, tinged with lilac, nu- merous thorns, 55. eons Ollivier, mod.|Ducher, 1872. Buff, shaded with rose.
56. Anna Maria, vig. P.|Feast, 1843. Pale pink ; very few thorns. 58. Anne de Diesbach, Lacharme, 1858. Raised from La Rezue, vig. ALR. In color, the most lovely shade of car- mine; very large, double flowers, fra- grant; one of the hardiest. A very de- sirable garden rose. 59. Anne Marie Cote,|Guillot fils, 1875. White, sometimes free. AN. tinged with pink. 6o, Anne Marie de|Rambaux & Dubreuil, 1879. Very small, Montravel, mod. Po?.| full, white flowers, somewhat fragrant, Resembles Paquerette.
CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 237
VaRIETY, HaBIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLAss. DESCRIPTION.
61. *Annie Cook, vig. 7.|Cook, 1888. An American seedling from Bon Silene; delicate shade of pink, changing to white under glassin winter, vigorous and free-blooming. This vari- ety has several good qualities, but the shape of the bud detracts from its value for forcing purposes.
62. Annie Laxton, mod.|Laxton, 1869. (Sent out by Geo, Paul.)
f7R, any rose, medium or large size, very
63 Annie Wood, mod.|E. Werdicn, 1866. Bright crimson with a
or dwf. H.R. shade of vermilion; a good autumnal rose. 64. Antheros. 7. Lepage. Flesh color, shaded with yellow.
65. Antoine Devert. 7.|Gonod, 1880. White, tinged with pink, reverse of petals shaded salmon. 66. Antoine Ducher, Dochers 1866. Violet-red; large, well- mod, 4.2. shaped flowers, fragrant; wood very thorny. The color is very fleeting. 67. Antoine Mouton,|Levet, 1874. Deep rose, tinged with lilac, vig. AR, not unlike Paz/ Neyron ; it is more fragrant and more hardy, but in color and size is below that sort. 68. Antoine Quihou,|E. Verdier, 1879. Brownish-crimson. Je CIE
69. Antoine Verdier,|Jamain, 1871. Rose shaded with lilac, mod. 4.R. well-formed buds, no perfume; _ the color is muddy. This sort would not
improperly be classed among the
Hybrid Teas, as it resembles them in
pepe as well as in continuity of flower-
ing. zo. Antonia Decarli,|Levet, 1873. May be briefly described as Vige CL. 2 aninferior Glocre de Dijon, from which sort it was raised.
71. Apolline, vig. 2B. |V. Verdier, 1848. Raised from Prerre de St. Cyr. Rosy-pink; large, cupped flowers. The most useful of all Bour- bons for open air.
72. Archduke Charles,|Laffay. Rosy-crimson, variable in color,
mod. Beng. sometimes deep marbled rose.
735 Archinede. free. T. Robert, 1856. Rosy-fawn, the centre darker ; ill-formed flowers are frequent. A good rose when in perfection, and of excellent habit.
74. Ardoise de Lyon,|Plantier, 1865. (Sent out by Damaizin.)
vig. AR. Violet’ rose, a poor color.
238 GUT ROSE.
VARIETY, Habit
D ION, OF GROWTH, AND CLAss. ESCRIPTION
75. Aristide Dupuis, Toavets, 1866. Purplish-rose, a muddy vig. H.C. double or full, fragrant; of no cee 76. Arthémise, free.|Moreau-Robert, 1876. Deep rose color; Ta Ks rather small, cup-shaped flowers, not unlike A polline. Only worthy of a place in very large collections. 77. oe de Sansal./Cochet, 1855. Raised from Giant of Battles. Deep crimson. 78. ceed NV. See Solfaterre. 79. eae Buchner.|Lévéque, 1880. Reddish-purple. R
80. Auguste Mie, free.|Laffay, 1851. Raised from La Reine. eee iat.) ff.| Glossy pink. One of the most tender of this type. 81, “August Neumann.|E. Verdier, 1870. Red, shaded with vio- fT. t
let. 82. pee Oger, mod./Oger, 1850. Coppery-rose.
83. use Rigotard.|Schwartz, 1871. Cherry-red, somewhat alIKe like Dupuy Jamain.
84. Auguste Vacher. 7,|Lacharme, 1853. Coppery-yellow.
85. *Augustine Guinoi-|Guinoiseau, 1889. Flowers white, slightly
seau, vig. 4.7. tinted with flesh. Sometimes called White La France. Valuable for forc- ing. 86. Auretti, vig. .C.|Crimson-purple ; fades very quickly. 87. Aureus. 7. Ducher, 1873. Coppery-yellow.
88. Avocat Duvivier.| Lévéque, 1875. See Maréchal Vaillant. Elie 89. Baltimore Belle,|Feast, 1843. Pale blush, changing to Vales, JP, white, go. Baron Adolphe de/Lacharme, 1862. Bright red, shaded with e othschild, free.| crimson; mildews easily. ALR.
. Baron Alexandre de/Gonod, 1880. Raised from Madame de covnaes he Ti artas. Delicate rose. 92. Baron Chaurand,/Liabaud, 1869. See Baron de Bonstetten. VA See eKe 93. Baron de Bonstet-|Liabaud, 1871. Velvety maroon, shaded ten, vig. AR. with deep crimson, somewhat lighter in shade than Pr7: nce Camille, and rather smaller in size, but with a little more substance ; shy in autumn, but a grand rose. 94. paren Gonella, vig.|Guillot pére, 1859. Bronzed rose, well formed, fragrant ; non-autumnal.
———_
CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES, 239
ee
VaRIETY, HABIT
DESCRIPTION. oF GROWTH, AND CLASS,
gs. Baron Haussmann.|E, Verdier, 1867, Dark red, large, well- frees. ee. built flowers.
96. Baron Taylor, free.|Dougat, 1879. A sport from John Hop- IFAS per. Pink. Only differs from the pa-
rent in shade; it does not appear to be constant.
97. Baron de Roths-|Guillot fils, 1862, Raised from General child, free. AR. Jacqueminot, Amaranth-red,
98. Baroness Roths-|Pernet, 1867. Light pink, sometimes child, mod. 4.2. shaded with rose ; large, or very large; (Madame de Roths-| cupped form, very symmetrical, with-
child.) out fragrance; the wood is short-jointed, thick, light green, armed with occa- sional light green thorns; one of the hardiest, but does not propagate from cuttings. A very distinct, beautiful rose, free blooming, and greatly valued, both as an exhibition and a garden sort.
99. Baronne de May-|Lacharme, 1865. From Blanche Lafitte nard, mod. or free.| x Sappho. White, edge of petals often ALN, based with pink; small size, compact
orm.
100, Baronne de Prailly.|Liabaud, 1871. Bright red, large, very Tale ke full ; often does not open well.
ror. Baronne de Was-|V. Verdier,1854. Deep rose; buds pretty, senaer free. JZ, and quite well mossed.
102, Baronne Louise|Guillot fils, 1871. Carmine-rose ; large, Uxkull, free. H.R.) highly scented flowers.
103. Baronne Prévost,|Desprez. (Sent out by Cochet, in 1842.) vig. “7.2. Pure rose color, very large, very full,
flat form; a free bloomer, fragrant, very hardy. The shoots are stout and stiff. :
104, Barthélemy Levet,|Levet, 1878. Bright rose. mod, 4.2.
105. Beauté de l’Europe,|Gonod, 1881. Glozve de Dijon type. Deep vig. CZ.T. yellow; reverse of petals coppery-yellow.
106. Beauty of Glazen-|See Fortune’s Yellow. wood, £v.
107. Beauty of Green-|Pentland, 1854. Rosy-red. mount, vig. JV.
108. Beauty of Staple-|Bennett, 1879. Raised from Alba Rosea ford, mod, 7.7. xX Countess of Oxford. Red, tinged
with violet, large, well-formed, prettily shaped buds, without fragrance; the color is not pleasing, too soon becom- ing muddy. Very subject to mildew.
240 VILLE ROSE.
‘VARIETY, Hasit OF GROWTH, AND C ass. DESCRIPTION.
109. Bee tor Waltham,|W. Paul, 1862, _Rosy-crimson, medium, free. H.R or large size, fragrant , it has the habit of throwing | out side-shoots from nearly every eye. This is still a sort to com- mend. 110. Belle Américaine,|Daniel Boll (New York), 1837. Deep mod. H.R pink, double, small, well formed. 111, Belle Fleur d’ Anjou,|Touvais, 1872. Silvery-rose, large; rather mod, ood. 112, Belle " Lyonnaise, Levet, 1869. Raised from Gloire de Wize Glade Dijon. ale, lemon-yellow ; less pro- ductive than the parent, A fine sort. 113. ete Maconnaise,|Ducher, 1870, Pale salmon-rose. ree é 114. Belle Normande,|Oger, 1864. A sport from La Rene. frees Lip. Silvery-rose. 115. Bennett’s Seedling,|/Bennett. Pure white, small, double. vig. 116, Benjamin Drouet,/E. Verdier, 1878. Red, shaded with pur- freeneeake ple. 117. Bernard Palissey, Margottin, 1863. Red, medium size, very free, AR. full, fragrant ; often comes ill- formed, sometimes is very fine. 118. Berthe Baron, free.|Baron-Viellard, 1868. Raised from /xles Jal Margottin. ” Delicate rose color. I19. Bessie Johnson,/Curtis, 1872. A sport from Adel Grand. mod. A.R. Blush, highly scented. 120. Bignonia, mod. 7.|Levet, 1872. Red. 121, Black Prince, free.|1866. Purchased and sent out by W. alk Paul. Dark crimson ; not considered a reliable sort, occasionally it is very fine. 122. Blanche de Beau-| Margottin, 18st, Deep pink, large, loose
lieu, free. AR. flowers ; rather tender. 123. Blanchefleur, free.|Vibert, 1846, White, tinged with blush, fr. medium size, flat, very full, highly
scented. One of the earliest to blossom; the flowers produced in great profusion. A valuable garden rose. 124, A lanche Lafitte,|Pradel, 1851. Blush-white. Tee. 125. Blanche Moreau.|Moreau-Robert, 1880. White, claimed to PME be a true remontant. 126. * Blanche Rebatel,|Bernaix, 1889. Carmine shaded with dwf. od. -| rose; flowers small, produced in clusters of forty to fifty blooms. 127. - lanche Vibert./Vibert, 1838. See Portland Blanche. an.
CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 241
VaRIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS. DESCRIPTION:
128, Blairii No. 2, vig.|Blair. Pink, large, double; much es- JEL (TR. teemed in "England as a Pillar rose. We do not value it highly for this cli- mate 129. pegieldieds vig. AZ. Garcon, 1877. (Sent out by Margottin- fils.) Belongs to Baronne Prévost type. Cherry-red, very large and full, flat form; will probably supersede Ma- dame Boll. This is more productive, has slimmer wood, smaller foliage, stouter thorns than Madame Boll. The latter sort has five leaflets only, this has commonly seven; remembering this, it is easy to distinguish between
them. 130. Bon Silene, free. Hay, 1839. Deep salmon-rose, illum- (Szléne.) T. ined with carmine, medium size, semi-
double, highly scented, very free flow- ering. Thisisonly desirable in the bud state; for many years it has been a leading kind for forcing. The English florists have not yet discovered its value.
131. Bougére, free. 7.|1832. Bronzed pink, large and full, thick petals; one of the hardiest. An old variety, yet one of the most desirable.
132. Boule de Nanteuil,|/Crimson-purple, fades easily ; worthless.
mod, or free. /7. 133. Boule de Neige,|Lacharme, 1867. White, small, very full,
free. AN. does not root from cuttings. 134. Boule d’Or, dwf. or|/Margottin, 1860. Deep yellow, large, mod. 7. very full; does not open well.
135. Bouquet d’Or, vig.|Ducher, 1872. Yellow, with coppery cen- N. tre, large, full.
136. Bouton d’Or, mod. Guillot fils, 1866. Orange-yellow, medium size,
137. Tease vig. H.|Laffay, 1830. Deep red, shaded with
(Ue: violet. We now have almost the same shade in Cheshunt Hybrid, a more useful sort.
138. * Bride, free. 7. |J. N. May, 1885. A sport from Cathe- vine Mermet. Pure white, large, fine form, very fragrant, free bloomer, ad- mirably adapted for forcing.
139. * Bridesmaid, mod.|Moore, 1892. A_ sport from Catherine
(Hugh.) T. Mermet, described as being of a rich clear pink, superior to the parent in
16
242 THE ROSE.
VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND Crass, DESCRIPTION.
cloudy weather, as it holds its color much better. 140. Brightness of Ches-|G. Paul, 1881. Belongs to Duke of Ed-
hunt, H.R. inburgh type. Vivid red, medium size. 141. * Brighton Beauty,|Rich’d Bagg. Sent out by J. N. May, 1801. Wises 2. Bright red flowers produced in great pro-
fusion all summer; suitable for bedding. 142. *Bruce Findlay, vig.|Paul & Son, 1891. ‘Large, beautifully TEI shaped, bright crimson.
143. Cabbage. See Centifolia. 144, Camille Bernardin,|Gautreau, 1865. Raised from General free or vig. AR. Jacqueminot. Light crimson, medium
size, semi-cupped form, fragrant ; does not bloom until late in the season, and then the flowers fade easily; never very productive. 145. Camoens. 7.7. Pe yalow, 1881. Pale rose, base of petals yellow 146. Canary, dwf. 7. |Guillot pere, 1852, Canary-yellow, beau- tiful little buds, delicate habit. 147. Cannes LaCoquette,|Nabonnand, 1877. Raised from La mod. H.7. france. "Salmon, with a shade of red. Much behind the parent in value. 148. Captain Christy,|Lacharme, 1873. Raised from Victor mod. or dwf. H.7.| Verdier X Safrano. Delicate flesh color, deepening in shade toward the centre, medium size, sometimes large, full; the foliage when young somewhat resembles Mahonia leaves. IIl- shaped flowers are not uncommon, but it is most lovely sort when in perfection. 149. Captain John In-|Laffay, 1856. Purple-crimson, color non- gram, free. J. permanent; dark, small foliage, in five leaflets. 150. Captain Lamure,/Levet, 1870. Dark red, tinged with mod. 4.R. violet. 151. *Captain Lefort,/Bonnaire, 1889. Large, purplish-rose, re-
VA de verse of petals China rose. 152. Cardinal _ Patrizzi,|Trouillard, 1857. Gzant of Battles type. mod. “.R. Crimson, with a tinge of purple.
153. ae Ceers, vig.|Granger, 1865. Purple-red. FR.
154. Caroline, mod. 7. |Rosy-flesh, deeper toward centre; prettily formed buds.
155. saroling Cook, mod.|A. Cook, 1871. Raised from Safrano. Apricot-yellow, with a shade of rose; not a valuable sort.
CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 243
VaRIETY, HABIT
or GRowTH, AND CLass. DESCRIPTION,
156. *Caroline d’Arden,|A. Dickson & Sons, 1888. Very large Wee eA full; pure soft rose color ; of delightful fragrance; petals of great substance. 157. Caroline de Sansal,|Desprez, 1849. (Sent out by Hippolyte vig. AR. Jamain.) Flesh color, deepening toward the centre; large, full flowers, flat form, often indented; subject to mildew; very hardy. An unreliable sort, but beautiful when in perfection; generally it is of better quality in Sep- tember than in June. 158. Caroline Marniesse,|Roeser, 1848. Creamy white, small and free. WV. full ; seven leaflets, nearly hardy. 159. Caroline Schmitt.|Schmitt, 1881. Raised from Solfaterre. é Salmon-yellow, changing to pale yellow. 160, Catherine Bell, free.|Bell & Son, 1877. Rose color, large, FF, CE: loose flowers ; very poor. 161. Catherine Guillot./Guillot fils, 1861. Raised from Louise B. Odier. Rose color. 162. Catherine Mermet,|Guillot fils, 1869. Flesh color, with the mod, or free. 7. same silvery lustre seen in La France ; large, full, well formed; not very pro- ductive, yet not a shy bloomer; very beautiful in the bud; when the flowers expand they exhale a delightful per- fume. The finest of all the Teas. 163. Catherine Soupert,|Lacharme, 1879. Rosy-peach ; distinct. R
mod. H.R. 164. * Cécile Brunner,;Mme. Ducher, 1890. A hybrid from mod, Pol. Polyantha stmplex fertilized by a Tea.
Salmon-pink, with deep salmon centre ; very small, full, delicately centred ; admirable in bud and open flower.
165. Céline, dwf. 7%. |Robert, 1855. Crimson-purple. ik
166. Céline Forestier,|Trouillard, 1860. Pale yellow, deepen- vig. NV. ing toward the centre ; the hardiest of
the Tea-scented section.
167. Cels-Multiflora,|Cels, 1838. Flesh color, very free-bloom- mod, Beng. ing.
168. Centifolia, free.|Rose color, large, full, globular, fragrant, (Cabbage or Common| A very desirable garden variety. Provence.) Prov.
169. Centifolia Cristata,|Vibert, 1827. Large, pink flowers, not
free. Dam. crested, fragrant and good. 170, Centifolia Rosea,|Touvais, 1863. Bright rose, circular, shell POG a fae zee form ; light green wood, with numerous
red thorns ; foliage crimpled.
244 THE ROSE.
VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND C.iass. DESCRIPTION.
171. Charles Baltet. #.|/E. Verdier, 1877. Carmine-red, medium R. size, full, fragrant.
172. Charles Darwin,|Laxton, 1879. (Sent out by G. Paul.)
- free, ALR. Raised from Madame Julie Daran. Brownish-crimson, with a shade of vio- let, very beautiful and distinct; mil- dews easily.
173. Pbarles Duval. H.|E. Verdier, 1877. Red, medium size.
174. ‘Charles Fontaine.|Fontaine, 1868. Crimson, fragrant.
175. Chilis Getz, vig.|A. Cook, 1871. Rosy-pink, medium size, B. full, fragrant ; shy in autumn,
176. Charles Lawson,/1853. Light rose color, large, full, frag- vig. ACh. rant; 5 leaflets; useful for pi llars.
177. Charles Lefebvre, Lacharme, 1861. Claimed to have been free. (Marguerite| raised from General _Jacqgueminot X Brassac.) H.R. Victor Verdier. Reddish-crimson,
sometimes with a shade of purple, very velvety and rich, but fading quickly ; large, full, thick petals, beautifully formed. There are afew thorns of light red; the wood and foliage are of light reddish- green. A splendid rose.
178. Charles Margottin,/Margottin, 1864. A seeding of Jules mod. A.R. Margottin. Fiery red, shaded with
crimson ; large, full flowers ; retains the color well; smooth, reddish wood, armed with occasional "red spines ; fo- liage slightly crimpled. An excellent, distinct rose, quite unlike the parent in habit. It doubtless comes from a nat- ural cross of some dark sort like Charles Le LIEV on Jules Margottin.
180. nae Rouillard./E. Verdier, 1865. Pale rose, well formed.
181. Charles Rovolli,|Pernet, 1875. Carmine rose, not unlike free. 7. Bon Silene, from which variety, so far
as our observation goes, it differs only in being inferior.
182, Charles Turner,|Margottin, 1869. Crimson vermilion, free. AR. large, full flowers, flat form, resembling
General Washington; wood armed with numerous dark-red thorns. A shy bloomer.
ES
CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 245
VARIETY, HasitT
oF GrRowTH, "AND Cass. DESCRIPTION.
183. Charles Verdier,/Guillot pére, 1866. A seedling of Victor dwf. .R. Verdier, Pink, witha tinge of salmon ; globular, full flowers ; thorns dark red.
A bad one to open, and fades very soon,
184. Chenédolle, vig. Bash! red, large, double ; shoots very
fT,.Ch. spiny, 5 to 7 leaflets. 185. Cheshunt Hybrid,|G. ipa 1872. Believed to be a natural vig, ALT. cross from Madame de Tartas X
Prince Camille de Rohan. Red,shad- ed with violet; large, full, slightly fra- grant ; very distinct. A good rose, free in the spring, but shy in autumn.
186. *Cheveral, vig. J7.|Moreau-Robert, 1887. Large, full, very double; rich bronze red, changing to dark purplish-crimson ; fragrant,
187. eae Puttner,|Oger, 1861. Deep violet-rose : an impure
H.Ch.
shade. 188. *Christine de Noue,/Guillot, 1890. Very large and full, deep Wigs vedi purplish- red, centre lake and clear pur- ple; sweet. 189, Christine Nilsson, Lévéque, 1867. Rosecolor, Inthe way freer aie of Madame Boutin.
190. mane Carnot, vig.|Guillot fils, 1873. Pale yellow, somewhat in the way of Céline Forestier, but more fragrant,
tg1. *Clara Cochet, vig.|Lacharme, 1886. Clear satiny rose, with
ALR brighter centre; large and full. 192. Clara Sylvain, mod.!Madame Pean. White, strongly infused (Lady Warrender.) with Tea blood. Beng. 193. Claude Bernard,|Liabaud, 1878. Raised from Jules Mar- mod, A.R. gottin. ose color; little fragrance; not a desirable sort. 194. Claude Levet. A.|Levet, 1872. Velvety red, fragrant.
195. * Claudine Perreau, ee 1887. <A seedling of Souvenir
vig. TZ. un ‘Amt, with full, globular, pink reid flower-stems stiff, blooms well
displayed. 196. Clémence Raoux,|Granger, 1868. (Sent out by Charles Lee.) Woke Jah / ie, A washed-out pink; large, fragrant
flowers, quartered shape: worthless. 197. Clément Nabon-|Nabonnand, 1877, Light yellow, shaded nand, free. 7. with rosy-salmon ; not valuable. 198. *Cleopatra, mod. 7.|Bennett, 1890. Large and beautiful; pale pink; ‘long pointed buds, produced on stiff stems.
246 THE ROSE.
VARIETY, HaBIT Desens OF GROWTH, AND CLAss, PTION.
199. Climbing Captain|Ducher & Sceur, 1881. Flowers are like Christy. #.C7Z. the old variety, from which it is a sport, but the shoots are more slender and longer. zoo. Climbing Bessie/G, Paul, 1878. Asport from Bessze John- Johnson, vig. #7.CZ.| son. Like the parent, except more vigorous, 201. Climbing Charles/Cranston, 1876. Not any stronger in Pere bases free. #.| growth than the original. 202. Climbing Countess|Smith, 1875. Of no value. of Oxford, free. A.
Cl. 203. Climbing Devo-|S. J. Pavitt, 1858. (Sent out by Henry niensis, vig. C2. 7. Curtis.) A sport from Devoniensts. This seems to us as productive as the old sort, and its extra vigor of growth is an advantage. 204, Climbing Edward/|G, Paul, 1879. A sport, likely to make Morren, vig. #.CZ.| avery useful pillar rose. 205. Climbing Jules Mar-|Cranston, 1875. Asportfrom Jules Mar- gottin, vig. .CZ. gottin, Flowers are the same as in the old sort, except being a little smaller, and for this reason it is finer in the bu state. The best of all the climbing sports ; highly commended asa useful pillar rose. 206, Climbing Madame|Cranston, 1877. A humbug. Victor Verdier. 7. CZ.
207. Climbing Mademoi-'G. Paul, 1877. ‘‘ Light rosy-salmon; selle Eugénie Ver-| like all these climbing sports the flowers dier, free. A.CZ. become smaller, and are produced more
freely than the type.”
208. * Climbing Niphe-|/Keynes & Co., 1889. A very vigorous, tos, vig. Z. rapid-growing climbing sport from the
well-known Tea rose Viphetos. Flow- ers identical with those of the type.
209. *Climbing Perle des/J. Henderson, 1890. A sport from the Jardins, vig. Z. well-known variety. Identical with the
parent except in growth, the sport being of vigorous climbing habit.
2z1o. Climbing Victor|G. Paul, 1871. Flowers somewhat small- Verdier, free. .CZ.| er and less freely produced than in the
old sort.
211. *Climbing Victor|G. Paul, 1871. Carmine-rose,
Verdier, free. H.C7.
CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 247
aaa
VARIETY, HABIT
DESCRIPTION. or GRowTH, AND CLASS. crt
we ee
aan
212. Cloth of Gold, vig.|Coquereau, 1843. Raised from Lamar- (Chromatella.) N.| que. Deep yellow centre with sul- phur edges; large, full flowers. A grand rose, but difficult to grow well. Rolland, 1867. Creamy-white, centre rosy salmon. Rolland, 1867. ‘Cherry-rose.
213. Clothilde. 7. 214. Clothilde Rolland, H.R
21s. * Clothilde Soupert, Soupert et Notting, 1890. Medium size ; vig. ol. very double and beautifully imbricated like an aster; produced in clusters; pearly-white, with rosy-lake centres liable to vary, producing often red and white flowers on same plant. 216, Col. de Rougemont.|Lacharme, 1853. Of the Baronne Prévost mod. H.R. type. Light rose. 217. Colonel de Sansal,|Jamain, 1874. Carmine-red. mod, H.R.
218. Comice de Seine-et- Marne, mod. ; 219. Comice de Tarn-et-
Garonne, mod. #. 220, Common Moss, free.|Pale rose, very beautiful in the bud. Dif- (Old Moss.) M. ficult to propagate from cuttings. None others in the class, except Crested and Gracilis, can rank with this in quality. Lévéque, 1881. Raised from Jules Mar- gottin. Bright rose. Lacharme, 1844. Raised from Gloire des Rosomanes. Bright, rosy-crimson. 223. Comte de Flandres. Lévéque, 1881. Raised from Madame H.R. Victor Verdier. ‘* Reddish-purple, vel- vety, illumined with carmine.”’ 224. Comte de Grivel. 7. Feve 1871. Raised from Canary. Pale yellow.
225. Comte de Morte- Margottin fils, 1880, Rose color, very mart, free. “7.2. fragrant ; smooth, pale-green wood. 226, Comte de Nanteuil, Quetier, 1852. Light rose, large, full
vig. H.Ch. flowers, sometimes with green centre ; not unlike Chenédolle. 227. Comte de Paris,|Madame Pean, 1844. Flesh color, large
Pradel, 1842. Deep red, shaded with vio-
et. Pradel, 1852. Carmine-red, well formed.
221. Comte A. de Ger- miny. #7... 222. Comte d’Eu. JB.
mod. or dwf. 7. flowers. 228. Comte de Sembui,|Madame Ducher, 1874. Salmon and rose, mod, 7. the base of petals coppery-yellow ;
large, full flowers, often malformed. A grand rose when well grown, but too unreliable.
PN ee A ke I BIG ee
248 THE ROSE.
VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS. DESCRIPTION.
229. Comte de Thun-Ho-/Lévéque, 1880. Reddish-crimson. henstein. A.R. 230. Comte Taverna,|Ducher, 1871. Pale yellow.
mod. ; 231. * Comtesse Anna|Soupert et Notting, 1887. Golden orange- Thun, vig. 7. yellow; large, full, cupped,very fragrant.
232. Comtesse Cécile de|Marest, 1859. Satiny-pink, never above Chabrillant,mod. #.| medium size, full, fragrant; of perfect L& globular form; numerous dark thorns of small size; foliage dark and tough. A lovely rose. 233. Comtesse de Bar-|Guillot pére, 1858. Raised from Louise bantane, free. JZ. Oder. Blush, shaded with rose. 234. Comtesse de Ca-|Lévéque, 1880. Red, shaded. mondo, //.R. 235. Comtesse de Caser-|Nabonnand, 1877. Coppery-red. Fk
ta, : 236. Comtesse de Choi-|Mottheau, 1878. Cherry-red, shaded seuill) Ack. with crimson, in the style of Marte
Rady. 237. * Comtesse de Frig-|Guillot et Fils, 1886. Delicate canary neuse, vig. 7. yellow ; large, full, well formed; bud long and pointed ; free flowering. 238. * Comtesse Horace|Lévéque, 1885. Delicate rose, shaded de Choiseul, vig. 7.| with coppery-yellow; large, full, and finely formed. 239. Comtesse de La-|Bernéde, 1857. Pink shaded with car- barthe; free. 7. mine rose; pretty in the bud. (Syz. Desse de Brabant.) 240. Comtesse de Ludre.|E. Verdier, 1879. Carmine-red. H.R
241. Comtesse de Mu- Vibert, 1843. White, tinged with flesh ;
rinais, vig. JZ. not inclined to mildew. 242, Comtesse de Na-|Guillot fils, 1871. Coppery-yellow, il- daillac, mod, 7. lumined with carmine-rose ; large, full,
distinct and effective ; highly esteemed. 243. Comtesse de Ségur.|V. Verdier, 1848. Buff-white.
Prov. 244. Comtesse de Sere-|Lacharme, 1874. Said to be raised from nye,mod. 4.R. La Reine, but it shows more of the
Jules Margottin characteristics. Sil- very-pink, often mottled; a full, finely shaped, globular flower, of medium size; slightly fragrant ; wood light green, fo- liage darker, thorns red, seven leaflets. Not reliable about opening, but a very free bloomer, and well worthy a placein
CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 249
VaRIETY, Hasit
OF GROWTH, AND CLAss. DESCRIPTION,
a _ small collection. One of the most distinct ; of great beauty when grown under glass, 245. Comtesse Henriette|Schwartz, 1881. Bright satiny-rose. Combes. RR, 246. Comtesse Nathalie|Soupert et Notting, 1880. Coppery-rose, de Kleist. AR. reverse of petals lake. 247. Comtesse Riza du|Schwartz, 1876. Raised from Comtesse Farefree. 7. de Labarthe. Bronzed rose, with a carmine tint; medium size, moderately full, highly perfumed. 248. peoimtesse Ouvaroff,| Margottin, 1861. Salmon-pink,. ree, 249. Constantin Tretia-|Jamain, 1877. Cherry-red, large, double, koff. ALR, without fragrance, 250. Copper, mod. A. |Coppery-red, very striking shade, semi-
double. 251. Coquette des Alpes,|Lacharme, 1867. Raised from Blanche vig. AV. Lafitte X Sappho. White, tinged with
blush; size, medium to large: semi- cupped form, the wood is long-jointed. A very desirable white rose. 252. Coquette des Blan-|Lacharme, 1871. Same parentage as ches, free or vig. H.| above. White, sometimes tinged with 5 blush ; of medium size, very full, some- what flat, but pretty ; growth bushy. An improvement on Baronne de May- nara and Madame Alfred de Rouge- mont. 253. Coquette de Lyon,|Ducher, 1870, Pale yellow; medium or mod. 7. small size; pretty in bud, and useful for bedding. 254. Cornélie Koch, free.;A. Koch, 1855. Raised from Devonien- (Cornelia Cook.) T.| sis. White, sometimes faintly tinged with pale yellow; very large, full; not a free bloomer. This is quite apt to come with a green centre, butisa grand rose when well grown, excelling all other white Teas, 255. Countess of MHar-|Cup-shaped, white flowers, double, pro-
rington, free. 7. duced in abundance. 256. Countess of Oxford,|Guillot pére, 1869. Raised from Victor mod. 4.2. Verdier, Carmine-red, tinged with
lilac, fades quickly ; flowers very large and full; subject to mildew, 257. Countess of Rose-/R. B. Postans, 1879. (Sent out by Wm. berry, mod. 4... Paul & Son.) Belongs to the Victor Verdier type. Cherry-red.
250 THE ROSE.
VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS, DESCRIETION.
258. sCompcid HtSbe, vig.|Laffay. Deep pink, medium or large H1.Ch. size, cup-form ; seven leaflets. A fine, distinct sort.
259. Cramoisi-Supérieur,|Plantier, 1834. Rich, velvety crimson, free. (CA grippina.) double ; fine in the bud. A good bed- Beng. ding variety.
260, Crested Moss, free.|Discovered on the wall of a convent near (Cristata, or Crested| Fribourg, and sent out by Vibert, 1827. Provence.) M, Deep, pink-colored buds, surrounded
with a mossy fringe and crest; free from mildew. A fragrant, very beauti-
ful rose. 61. Crimson Bedder,|Cranston, 1874. Belongs to Giant of dwf. H.R. Battles type. Crimson,
262. Crimson Moss, free.|Lee. Crimson, semi-double ; poor. M, — Crimson Perpetual. |See Rose du Roi. 263. * Crimson Queen,|/W. Paul & Son, 1890. Very large, full; vig. HR of beautiful globular form; velvety crimson, shaded with fiery red in the centre and with maroon on the outer petals. 264. Crown Prince. 7. w Paul & Son, 1880. Reddish-crimson, Re tinged with purple. 265. *Danmark, vig.|W. Paul & Son, 1890. ‘‘ Flowers large, a 1S little deeper in color than La France, which it resembles.”’ 266, Pewid Pradel, mod.|Pradel, 1851. Lilac-rose, large size.
267. ee of Windsor,|Turner, 1879. Wermilion, large, full mod. AR. flowers. 268. De la _ Grifferaie,/1846. Lilac-rose. This variety makes a vig. Mult. valuable stock on which to bud strong- growing kinds. 269. Delille, mod. P.J7.|Robert, 1852. Red, tinged with lilac, flat form, fragrant, not mossy. Ofno value. 270. De Luxembourg, Hardy. Crimson, not attractive. mod, or free. 271. De Meaux. dwf.| Found growing ina garden at Taunton, (Pompon.) M. about 1825. Pink color, small, full flowers. 272. Desprez, vig. MV. |Desprez, 1838. Rose, blended with cop- pery-yellow, highly scented, 273. Deuil de Paul Fon-|Fontaine, 1873. Red, shaded crimson, taine, vig. JZ. large, full; not mossy ; ; worthless. 274. Dévienne Lamy,|Lévéque, 1868. Carmine-red, well formed ; mod. H.R a good sort.
CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 251
VARIETY, HABIT
I 3 OF GROWTH, AND CLASS. DESCRIETION
275. Devoniensis, mod.|Foster, 1841. (Sent out by Lucombe, or free. TZ. Pince & Co.) Raised from Vellow Tea. Creamy-white, centre sometimes tinged with blush, very large, almost full ; one of the most ’delightfully scented. Either this or the climbing variety should be in every collection; though neither is very productive.
276. Diana. H.R. W. Paul, 1874. Deep pink. 277. Dingee - Conard,|E. Verdier, 1875. Violet - crimson, il- mod, 4.2. lumined with red, medium size, com- pact.
278. *Dinsmore, vig.|Peter Henderson, 1887. Scarlet -crim- H.R, son, large, double, very fragrant, free bloomer.
279. Dr, Andry, free. H7.|E. Verdier, 1864. Rosy-crimson, large,
R, semi-cupped flowers, double, sometimes full, fades badly; foliage’ large and glossy ; wood moderately smooth; thorns large and red, A better rose in England than in this country.
280, Doctor Arnal, dwf.|Roeser, 1848. Red-shaded with crimson ; medium or small size; a free bloomer, subject to mildew.
281. Doctor Berthet. 7.|Pernet, 1878. Palerose, deeper in centre.
282. Doctor Chalus, free. Touvais, 1871, Vermilion, shaded with
fA.R. crimson ; large, double or full, fragrant ; a good seed-bearer.
283. Doctor Hénon, dwf,/Lille, 1855. White, centre shaded, me-
H.R, dium size, full; often malformed, and subject to mildew. Belongs to the old Portland group.
284. ee Hogg, free.|Laxton, 1880. (Sent out by George Paul.) Deep violet-red, medium size.
285, sees Hooker,free./G. Paul, 1876. Raised from Duke of
HR. Edinburgh. Crimson, with a shade of velvety purple.
286. Doctor Kane, vig.|Pentland, 1856. Sulphur-yellow, large,
or free. N. fine flowers ; difficult to grow well. 287. Doctor Marx, mod.|Laffay, 1842. "Red, tinged with violet; a H.R bad shade.
288, * Dr. Pasteur, vig.|Moreau-Robert, 1887. Rosy-carmine, a FtT. fine clear shade; flowers globular, finely formed; free flowering; dark, rich foli-
age. 289. Doctor Sewell, A.|/Turner, 1879. Bright crimson, tinged R. with purple, large, full, A good rose,
252 THE ROSE.
VARIETY, HaBit
OF GROWTH, AND CLASs. DESCEINTION-
290. Double Margined|White, tinged with pink, flat form, full;
Hep, free. Dam. good. 291. Douglass, free.|V. Verdier, 1848. Crimson, medium size, Beng. double, fine in the bud. A valuable
variety for house culture.
292. Duarte d’Oliveira,|Brassac, 1880. Raised from Ophirte X vig. WV. Réve d’Or. Salmon-rose, coppery at
base, medium size, full.
293. Duc d’Aumale, free.|E. Verdier, 1875. Crimson; a good sort, (Géneral Duc a’| not unlike Maurice Bernardin. Aumatle.) H.R.
294. Duc de Cazes, free.|Touvais, 1860. Violet-crimson, not a fTR, pure shade; double; numerous stout
thorns. 295. Duc de Magenta,|Margottin, 1859. Flesh,shaded with fawn, free ym. thick petals, full. A large, good tea. 296. Duc de Montpen-|Lévéque, 1876. Red, shaded with crim- Siem Tee. zal son ; a good sort. 297. Duc de Rohan, free.|Lévéque, 1861. Vermilion, large, well H.R ; formed.
298. Ducher, free. Bexg.|Ducher, 1869. Pure white, well formed. 299. Duchesse de Cam-|/Fontaine, 1854. Lilac-rose, impure color; bacérés, vig. A.R. double. 300. Duchesse de Cay-/C. Verdier, 1864. Rosy-crimson, large, lus, mod. A.R. double. 301. Duchesse de Char-|E. Verdier, 1875. Bright rose. tres eae 302. Duchesse d’Istrie,|Portemer, 1857. Rose color, not valuable. mod. M. 303. Duchesse de Morny,|E. Verdier, 1863. Bright rose; erect vig. H.Ch. growth; mildew. 304. Duchesse d’Orléans,|Quetier, 1852. Blush, large, full; often free. H.R. opens badly, and is subject to mildew. 305. Duchesse de Thu-/Guillot pére, 1847. White, slightly tinged tinge, free. JB. with hlac ; a free bloomer, 306. Duchesse de Val-|Schwartz, 1875. Raised from /ules lombrosa, mod. #7.| Margottin. Pink, generally opens KG badly ; not valuable. 307. Duchesse de Val-|Nabonnand, 1879. Coppery-red, distinct. lombrosa. 7, : 308. * Duchess of Al-|/W. Paul & Son, 1888. A sport from the bany, vig. A.7. well-known and popular La France While it resembles its parent in several respects, it is quite distinct in color, be- ing of a rich, deep, even pink tint, and the shape is more finished; it is equally vigorous, free blooming and fragrant.
CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 253
Ee eee eee ee es eee an ae
VARIETY, HABIT DESCRIPTION. or GROWTH, AND CLASS.
Bennett, 1879. Raised from President x Duchesse de Vallombrosa (H.R.) Silvery-rose; of large, globular form ; full, highly scented. Resembles La France, but the flowers are more. circu- lar, the foliage larger and better. It retains its globular form, the petals re- curving to a lessextent ; but La France
is, notwithstanding, much the better
sort.
310. Duchess of Bedford,|R. B. Postans, 1879. (Sent out by W.
mod, Paul & Son.) Belongs to the Vzctor Verdier type. Cherry-red ; very good,
Dunand, 1874. Cie by the raiser to Schwartz, by him sold to Henry Ben- nett, who sent it out.) Belongs to Jules Margottin type. Pink, not valuable.
Nabonnand, 1874. (Sent out by Veitch.)
Raised from Souvenir de David
d’ Angers. A Bengal with Tea blood.
Crimson, turning lighter as the bud ex-
pands; of good size, moderately full.
313. Duchess of Norfolk.|Margottin, 1861. (Sent out by Wood.)
free. “7.R. Rosy-red, medium size, cup-shaped ; a shy bloomer, and not valuable.
Laffay, 1840. Rosy-pink, large, full; shy in autumn.
Bennett, 1879. Raised from Prestdent X
Marquise de Castellane. Satiny-
pink, shaded with rose, sometimes the
color is carmine-rose ; large, full flowers, with a faint Tea odor. The flowers are apt to be irregular and not of good finish, the buds are generally good. Subject to mildew. 316. pe of Albany.|W. Paul & Son, 1882. Crimson.
og. Duchess of Con- naught,dwf, 4.7.
311. Duchess of Edin- burgh, mod. 7.2.
312. Duchess of Edin- burgh, mod. Beng.
314. Duchess of Suther- land, vig. A.R. 315. Duchess of West- minster, mod, or dwf, H.7.
317, Duke of Con- G. Paul, 1875. _ Deep, velvety-crimson,
naught,mod, 4.2, with a fiery flush; medium size, full, well formed; burns badly, very shy in autumn, In England this is one of the finest dark toses; we have seen it in grand form at the raiser’s, but it hasno value for out-door culture in this coun-
try. Bennett, 1879. Raised from President
318. Duke of Connaught, x Louis Van Houtte. Rosy -crimson,
dwf. or mod. 4.7.
254 THE ROSE.
VARIETY, HABIT
DESCRIPTION. oF GROWTH, AND CLass, se
large, full, well formed, good in bud, almost without peer nees the buds do not always open. A fine rose when well grown, but it will never be useful for ordinary cultivators.
319. Duke of Edinburgh,/G. Paul, 1868. Raised from General
vig. ALR. Jacqueminot, Bright crimson, large, double flowers, little fragrance ; foliage large and attractive. Occasionally this is very fine early in the season, but the flowers lack substance and durability of color. It is more shy in the autumn than the parent ; not to be commended for general culture.
320. ae of Teck, vig.|G. Paul, 1880. Raised from Duke of Edinburgh. Very brightcrimson ; not well tested in this country; we were muel pleased with it as seen at Ches-
nt
321. Duke of Wellington,|Granger, 1864. Red, shaded with crim-
mod. /7. son,
322. Dumnacus, mod .|Moreau-Robert, 1880. Raised from Coun-
H.R, tess of Oxford. Carmine-red. 323. Dupetit Thouars,|Portemer, 1844. Raised from Ezle vig. 2B. Courtier. Deep red, shaded with crim- son ; hardy, non-autumnal.
324. Dupuy Jamain,free. Jamain, 1868. Cherry-red, with a shade
ALR, of crimson ; large, double, well formed, fragrant; a good seed-bearer. Were this more full, it would be a rose of the
first rank, . Du Roi. See Rose du Roi. 325. ‘Earl of Beacons- Christy, 1880. (Sent out by G. Paul.) field, dwf. H.R. eee rose, medium size, beautiful orm 326. * Earl of Dufferin,|A. Dickson & Sons, 1887. Rich brilliant vig. AR. velvety-crimson, shaded with dark ma-
roon; large, full, finely formed; delight-- ful fragrance. N vigorous grower.
327. * Eclair, vig. AY.R.|Lacharme, 1883. Fiery red, large, hand- some, in the way of Charles Lefebvre..
328. Eclatante, free. J/./Cherry-rose, buds of good form, well mossed; darker than the Common or Prolific, one of the best. Why this rose has passed out of cultivation we do not know; there are but three in the class as good.
CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 255
VARIETY, HABIT
DESCRIPTION. OF GROWTH, AND CLASS, ¢
329. eg Gifford, vig.|Guillot fils, 1882. Large and full, flesh color ; centre salmon-rose changing to
white. 330. Edmund Wood,\E. Verdier, 1875. Red, flowering in mod. 4.R, corymbs ; short, reddish wood.
331. Edward André, free.|E. Verdier, 1879. Red, tinged with pur- H.R. le.
pie 332. Edward Désfosses, Renard- Courtier, 1840, Carmine - rose, free. JB. medium size, double, or nearly full, fragrant, An excellent rose. 333. Edward Dufour,|/Lévéque, 1877. Raised from Axnxie freew UAere. ood. Crimson, tinged with purple. 334. Edward Jesse, free.|Deep rose, small, double. fT.R.
335- Edward Morren,/Granger, 1868. (Sent out by Charles Lee.) vig. H.R. Raised from Jules Margottin. Deep cherry-rose, large, flat flowers, very full; sometimes comes with a green centre. A fine sort when well grown. 336. Edward Pynaert,|Schwartz, 1877. Raised from A xtoine free. AR. Ducher. Red, shaded with crimson- purple, a bad color ; medium or small size, fragrant. 337- pees dwf. or mod. Schwartz, 1878, (Sent out by Bennett.) H.R Raised from Jules Margottzn. Salmon- pink, a very lovely shade ; medium size, full, ‘'semi-globular ; not of good consti- ’ tution, For experienced cultivators this is a superb sort. 338. Elie Morel, mod.|Boucharlat, 1867. (Sent out by Liabaud.) FLLR. Lilac-rose, full, fragrant ; green wood, with occasional red spines; the char- acter of growth is not pleasing, Shy in autum 339. Elise Flory, mod./Guillot pare. 1852. Shaded rose.
340. hse Fugier, vig.|Bonnaire, 1890. Seedling of Wzphetos, £; described as resembling it in form of bud, but of better habit; color rich creamy-white. 341. Elise Sauvage, dwf.|Miellez, 1818. Orange-yellow, medium @ enfant trouvé.)| size, full.
342. Flise Boelle, mod.|Guillot pére, 1869. White, delicately ordwf. A.N. tinged with pink, medium size, full, beautiful circular form; light green wood, armed with numerous small
spines. A lovely rose.
256 THE ROSE.
OO ee — —
VARIETY, HasBir
oF GROWTH, AND CLass. DESCRIPTION,
343. Elizabeth Vigneron, ties
Vigneron, 1865. (Sent out by W. Paul.) free. Hi. i
Raised from Duchess of Sutherland. Bright pink, fragrant ; aninferior JZzss flassard, 344. Emile Courtier,|/Portemer. Bright red, a good seed- freewees bearer. 345. Emilia Plantier ,|Schwartz, 1878. Yellowish-white, semi- free. HN. double, sometimes double, ill formed ; utterly worthless. 346. Emilie Hausburgh./Lévéque, 1868. Lilac-rose, a muddy free. ACh. shade; large, full, globular form, fra- grant. Its bad color destroys its use- fulness, 347. Emily Laxton. H.|Laxton, 1877. (Sent out by G. Paul.) R. Belongs to /ules Margottin type. Cherry-rose, good in the bud. Guinoiseau, 1858. (Sent out by E. Ver- dier.) Belongs to Giant of Battles type. Crimson, tinged with purple. 349. pombercur de Brésil.|Soupert et Notting, 1880. Magenta-red.
348. Empereur de Ma- roc, mod. A.R.
350. Empress of India,|Laxton, 1876. (Sent out by G. Paul.) tree eert. Raised from Tyriowphe des Beaux
Arts, Brownish -crimson, medium
size, globular, fragrant; dark green
foliage, spines light colored. Many of
the buds do not open well, and it is shy
in the autumn ; a splendid sort when
perfect.
351. * Ernest Metz, vig./Guillot, 1888. Large, full, finely formed; Df soft carmine-rose; bud long, handsome.
352. Ernest Prince. A.|Ducher & Sceur, 1881. Raised from A x- ie tozne Ducher. Red, shaded in centre.
353. Etienne Dupuy,vig.|Levet, 1873. Light rose color, medium H,Ch. size, cupped shape ; thick shoots, nearly
smooth ; tough foliage.
354. Etienne Levet,mod.|/Levet, 1871. Raised from Victor Ver-
ELA dier, Carmine-red; one of the finest in the type. Laffay, 1845. Crimson, tinged with pur- ple. Not of first rank. 356. Etoile de Lyon. 7.|Guillot, 1881. Deep yellow; a rival for Perle des Jardins.
357. * Etoile d’Or, dwf.|Dubreuil, 1889. Flowers medium size, fol. citron-yellow in color in the centre,
shading to pale chrome-yellow, very
free flowering and pretty.
355. Etna,mod.
CATALOGUE, ORM VARIETIES. 257
VaRIETY, Hasitr
DESCRIPTION, OF GROWTH, "AND Cass.
358. Eugéne Appert,/Trouillard, 1859. Belongs to Giant of dwf.ormod. 4.R.| Battlestype. Velvety-maroon, shaded with deep crimson. A rose of superb
color, but with all the family failings. 359. Eugene Beauhar- Moreau, 1865. Crimson, a good sort,
nais,mod. Bexg. but inferior to 4 erippina. 360. E ugénie Guinoi-|Guinoiseau, 1865. Red, shaded with vio- seau, mod. M, let ; very subject to mildew ; ; poor.
. Eugéne Pirolle, vig.;Red, tinged with crimson; nearly °@ antral Rigney.) hardy : ; not of high quality. N.
362. Eugénie Verdier,|Guillot fils, 1869. Raised from Victor dwf. AR. Verdier, Silvery-pink, tinged with fawn ; a lovely shade ; fine in the bud. One of the best of the’ type. 363. Evéque de Nimes,|Damaizin, 1856. Raised from Giant of mod. 4.2. Battles. Crimson, illumined with fiery red ; very tender and delicate. 364. Exposition de Brie. Granger, 1865. The same as Mazurice ETT EG Bernardin. 365. * E. Y. Teas, mod.|E. Verdier, 1874. Carmine-crimson, high- ordwf. A.R. ly scented. 366. Fabvier. Beng. Latfay. Rosy-crimson, semi-double. 367. pocneen Davide eres iis A Sa 1872. Deep rose, tinged with
urple. z
368. Farce Perpétuelle, Tacanes: 1828. Creamy-white, small, full.
vig. Luv. Must be sparingly pruned.
369. Félix Généro. H.R.|Damaizin, 1866. Violet-rose.
370. Fellemberg, vig. V.|Rosy-crimson, Like Exgéne Pirolle.
371. Ferdinand Chaf-|Pernet, 1879. Reddish-crimson, round
folte. ALR. formed, without fragrance; does not seem an addition of merit.
372. Ferdinand de Les-|E. Verdier, 1869. See Maurice Bernar-
seps, free. AR. ain.
373: firebrand, dwf. H.)Labruyére, 1873. (Sent out by W. Paul.) Crimson, medium size, double, good, circular form, cup- shaped, fragrant ; shy in autumn. Not unlike André Leroy.
374. Fisher Holmes, free.|E. Verdier, 1865. May be briefly de-
Talo) scribed as an improved General Jac- gueminot,; the flowers are fuller and more freely produced. A very valua- ble sort.
rst Beg of the Union.|Described by Hallock & Thorpe as ‘‘a sport from Box Szléene, being a fac- simile of the parent in habit of growth
17
258 THE ROSE.
VARIETY, HaBiT
OF GROWTH, AND CLAss, DESCRIPTION.
and freedom of bloom ; the flowers are equal in size to Bonu Silene. The markings are not quite so distinct as in American Banner, i.e., the predomi- nant color is rose instead of white, but each flower is regularly marked ; itisa very pleasing variety.” 376. Flavescens, mod.|Introduced from China about 1824. Light (Yellow Tea.) T. yellow, long, fine buds, fragrant. This has been the parent of many of our finest yellow Teas. 377. Flora poe nand: Nabonnand, 1877. Canary-yellow, edged mod. | with rose. 378. Teena. mod.|Vibert, 1849. Rose color, not mossy; M. poor. 379. Fontenelle. H.R. Moreai Robert. 1877. Carmine-red. 380. Fortunei, vig. 8%.|Introduced by Fortune, from China, in 1850. Blush-white. 381. Fortune’s Double|Introduced by Fortune, from China, in
Yellow, vig. Bz. 1845. Bronzed yellow. 382. * Francisca Kruger,|Nabonnand, 1879. Coppery - yellow; Nalea. | Sh shaded with peach, large and full. 383. Francois Arago,|Trouillard, 1859. Belongs to Giant of mod. H.R. Battles type. Velvety-maroon, illu- mined with fiery red. Resembles Lord Raglan, 384. Francois Courtin,|E. Verdier, 1873. Cherry-red, shaded free. AR. with crimson, semi-giobular, full, some-
what fragrant : thorns yellowish-red, 385. Francois Fontaine,|C. Fontaine, 1867. Rosy -crimson, fine, mod. H.R. globular form, in the style of Séxateur Vaisse. 386. Francois Gaulain.|/Schwartz, 1878. Deep purplish-crimson. H.R,
387. Pigasels Hérincq.|E. Verdier, 1878. Red, globular form.
388. eae Lacharme,|V. Verdier, 1861. Rosy-carmine, tinged We, Sallie with deep violet-red.
389. Francois Louvat.}Violet-red, globular form. HR
390. Frangois Levet. A7.)/A. Levet, 1880. Cherry-rose, medium Tie size; style of Paul Verdier.
391. Frangois Michelon, Levet, 1871. Raised from La Rezne.
frees wel Deep rose, tinged with lilac, very large,
full, of fine globular form : fragrant,
free-blooming. The wood and foliage
are light green, erect habit, thorns not
CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 259
VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLass. DESCRIPTION.
numerous, wood long-jointed, the foli- age somewhat crimpled. A very dis- tinct choice sort ; excelling in June and July, when other kinds are past their prime, and also in the autumn.
392. Francois Premier,}Trouillard, 1858. Red,shaded with crim-
mod. 4.2. son, 393. paeagels Treyve.|Liabaud, 1866. Fiery red, globular form.
394. Gabriel Tournier,|Levet, 1876- In habit like Paonia, freee. Rosy-red, large, globular flowers, free in autumn. 395. Gaston Lévéque,|Lévéque, 1878. Bright rosy-crimson, free or mod. A.R. | large, full; spines of yellowish-green ; C. Margottin style. 396. Gem of the Prairies,|A. Burgess, 1865. Believed to be from frees. Queen of the Prairies X Madame Laffay. Rosy-red. Occasionally blotched with white ; large, flat flowers, slightly fragrant. Général Duc d’Au-|See Duc d’Aumale. male. 397. General Jacquemi-|Laffay, 1846. Purple-crimson. not, vig. i. 398. General Jacquemi-|Rouselet, 1853. A probableseedling from not, vig. ALR. the old Hybrid China Glofre des Roso- manes. Brilliant crimson, not full, but large and extremely effective; fra- grant, and of excellent, hardy habit. 399. * General Mertchan-|Nabonnand, 1890. Large, good form;
sky, vig. 7. rosy blush; fragrant and pretty. 400. General _Simpson,|Ducher, 1855. Cherry-rose, medium size, free. “.R pretty form ; erect growth, tender.
4or, General Tartas,free.|Bernéde. Deep, mottled rose, sometimes Lr tinged with buff; beautiful buds, good habit. An excellent rose. 402. General Von Molt-|Bell & Son, 1873. Raised from Charles ke, mod. A.A. Lefebvre, Same style as the parent, but much inferior to it. : 403. General Washing-|Granger, 1861. Raised from T7rzomphe ton,mod, “7.2. de ! Exposition. Red, shaded with crimson, large, very full, flat form ; the flowers are often malformed, greatly lessening its value. A profuse bloomer, and when in perfection, a very fine sort. 404. Génie de Chateau-|Oudin. Violet-rose, very large, full, flat, paend free or mod.| orquartered shape. A bad-colored rose.
260 THE ROSE.
VARIETY, HABIT
DESCRIPTION. OF GROWTH, AND CLass. : 7
405. George Baker.. .|G. Paul, 1881. ‘‘ Pure lake, shaded with R. cerise, almost mildew proof; in the way
of Dupuy Jamatin, but distinct.” 406. George Moreau,|Moreau-Robert, 1880. Raised from Pax?
Vion laeits Neyron. Bright red, shaded with ‘ vermilion, very large, full, opening well,
407. pucohee Peabody,|J. Pentland, 1857. Probably from Pazl B. Joseph. Rosy-crimson, medium or small
size, full, well formed, fragrant. One of
the best ‘Bourbons, highly commended.
408. * George Pernet,|Jos. Pernet, 1887. Flowers medium; free. Pol. silvery -yellow, changing to peach; an
abundant bloomer. 409. George ne free|E. Verdier, 1864. Rosy-crimson, quite
or vig. AR smooth wood; a free blooming, excel- lent rose. 410. George the Fourth,|Rivers. Crimson, semi-double or double; Vice UanGh: no longer of any value. 411. George Vibert, free.|Robert, 1853. Rosy-purple, striped with Prov. white, medium size.
412. poate Desbois, vig.| Bright red, of good form ; one of the har- diest and most useful in the class.
413. cise of Battles,|Nérard, 1846. (Sentout by Guillot pére.) dwf. (Géant des Deep, fiery crimson, very brilliant and Battailles.) H.R. rich when first opening, but quickly
fades, medium or small size, full, well formed, handsome, Bourbor-like foli- age, very liable to mildew. This va- riety and all of its type are of delicate constitutions.
414. Gigantesque, free.|Odier, 1845. Deep rose, sometimes mot- tled; often fine but apt to come mal- formed or somewhat coarse.
41s. * Gloire Lyonnaise,|Guillot fils, 1885. White, tinted yellow ; vige BIR large, moderately full; ‘resembles a Tea
rose in form and fragrance.
416. Gloire de Bordeaux,|Lartoy, 1861. Raised from Glotre de Dz- vig.. G2. 77. jon. Rose color, tinged with fawn.
417. Gloire de Boe Margottin, 1879. Vivid red, double. Reine, mod. A.R
418. Gloire de Dijon, vig. Jacotot, 1853. In color acombination of CL rose, salmon and yellow ; flowers very
large, very full, good globular form ; the outer petals inclined to fade. very useful rose, probably the hardiest of the Teas.
CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. . 261
VARIETY, HABIT
oF GROWTH, AND CLASS. DESCRIPTION,
419. Gloire de Ducher,|Ducher, 1865. Crimson-purple, large,very vig. ALR. full , subject to mildew. If the color were permanent, this would be a good kind. —— Gloire de Paris. #.|A deceit, Sent out as a new sort; it is R. but Axne de Diesbach. 420. * Gloire de Margot-|Margottin, 1887. Brilliant scarlet ; large, tin, vig. AR. semi- -double, globular, of good "shape, elongated bud ; fragrant ; vigorous and free flowering. Probably the brightest rose yet raised. 421. * Gloire des Cuivres,|Tesnier, 1889. Large, full, salmon-rose Vigan di tinted with canary gold: fragrant and a free bloomer, 422. * Gloire des Polyan-/Guillot, 1887. Bright rose with white cen- tha, dwf. Pod. tre; "full, nicely formed. Abundant bloomer. 423. Gloire des Roso-|Vibert. Brilliant crimson, semi-double. manes, free. JB. 424. Gloire de Santenay,|Ducher, 1859. Raised from General free or mod. A.R. Jacqueminot, Crimson tinged with violet ; out of date. 425. Gloire de Vitry,/Masson, 1855. Raised from La Reine.
lieen © Jah ike Bright rose. 426. Glory of Cheshunt,/G. Paul, 1880, Raised from Charles Le- vig. AR. “febure. Rich crimson, double, very effective.
427. Glory of Mosses,|Vibert, 1852. Pale rose, very large, full, mod, MM, flat form ; not attractive in the bud the foliage i is very large. 428. ey of Waltham.|Vigneron, 1865. (Sent out by W. Paul.) TCU Crimson, double, fragrant. 429. * Gold of Ophir. {See Ophirie. 430. * Golden Gate, vig.|Dingee & Conard Co., 1891. Large, Ths double ; bud long and pointed ; creamy- white, base of petals golden - yellow ; free bloomer. 431. Goubault, free or/Goubault, 1843. Rose, tinged with sal- mod, 7. mon; resembles Box Szléne, but in- ferior to it. 432. * Grace Darling, vig.|Bennett, 1884. Large and full, creamy- J fe white, tinted with peach ; free flower- ing; distinct. 433. Gracilis, free. (Pro-|Deep pink buds, surrounded with delicate Zzjic.)m Ue fringe like moss. The most beautiful of all the moss roses. ; 434. Grek Westerns free.|Laffay. Red, shaded with crimson, Ch. double, fragrant ; poor,
262 THE ROSE.
VARIETY, HABIT
R 6 OF GROWTH, AND CLAss. DESCRIPTION
435. Gréville, vig. (Sev-|Blush, tinged and striped with various
en Sisters. ) Mult. shades, small or medium size ; a tender variety of no value.
436. Guillaume Gille-|Schwartz, 1880, Raised from Madame
mont. A.R. Charles Wood. Rosy-carmine. 437. * Gustave Piganeau,|Pernet fils, 1890, Very large, equalling vig. ALR. Paul Neyron in size ; full and cupped;
brilliant carmine- lake : buds long. 438. useve Thierry.|Oger, 1880, Cherry-red. ALR.
439. Harrison Weir, free/Turner, 1879. Raised from Charles Le- ormod. A.R. Sfebure xX Xavier Olibo. Velvety-crim- son, brightened with scarlet. 440. Harrison’s Yellow, Harrison, 1830. Golden-yellow, medium freer) Al size, semi-double : generally has nine leaflets, a freer bloomer than Persian Yellow. This is believed to be a hy- brid between the common Austrian and a Scotch rose. 441. Helen Paui. A’.R.|Lacharme, 1881. Raised from Victor Verdier X Sombreuzl. White, some- times shaded with pink; large, globu-
lar flowers. 442. Helvetia. 7. Ducher, 1873. Pink, tinged with fawn. 443. * Heinrich — Schul- Bennett, 1882. From Mabel Morrison theis, vig. H.R. and £, Y. Teas. Large; good form,
and very full; color pinkish-rose, sweet- scented ; free blooming. 444. Henri Lecoq, dwf. pone 1871. Rosy-flesh, small, beauti- We. ful buds; delicate habit. 445. Henri Ledéchaux, Ledéchaux, 1868. Belongs to Victor dwf. H.R. Verdier type. Carmine-rose. 446. Henri Martin. J/.|Portemer, 1862. Red, not valuable. 447. Henry Bennett, Lacharme, 1875. Raised from Chardes mod, 4.R. Lefebvre. Crimson, medium size, mildews, and burns badly ; shy in au- tumn, and of no value. - 448, Hermosa, mod. (A+r- Marcheseau,. 1840, Bright rose, medium mosa or Setina.) B.| or small size, double; constantly in flower, bushy habit, 440. Hippelyte Jamain, Lacharme, 1874. Belongs to Victor Ver- mod, 4.2. dter type. Carmine-red, well built flowers; the foliage when young has a deeper shade of red than is seen in any other sort, and is also the hand- somest. We find this the hardiest of the type.
CATALOGUE OF “VARIETIES, 263
VARIETY, HABIT
DESCRIPTION. OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.
450. Homer, vig. 7. |Moreau-Robert, 1859. Salmon-rose, often richly mottled : a free bloomer, moder- ately hardy, best in the open air ; the buds are very beautiful, even though of variable shades. Certainly one of the most useful tea roses,
451. Hon. George Ban-|Bennett, 1879. From Madame de St. croft, dwf. or mod.| Joseph X Lord Macaulay. Red, eT shaded with violet-crimson, large, full
flowers, and good, pointed buds; often comes ‘malformed : highly scented, a combination of the perfumes found in the parent varieties ; the wood is nearly smooth, the foliage is large, dark, and handsome, The color is not deep enough, and is too sullied to make this of value for winter- forcing.
452. Horace Vernet, dwf.|Guillot fils, 1866. Crimson, illumined ormod. A.R. with scarlet, large, double : of beauti-
ful wavy outline ; ; nearly smooth wood, of delicate constitution, Few roses have such lovely form as this.
453. Hortensia, free. 7.)Ducher. 1871, Rose color, back of petals a washed-out pink ; a coarse, poor sort.
454. * Hugh, mod. 7. |Moore, 1892. See Bridesmaid.
455. Hyménée, mod, 7. Laffay. Pale sulphur-yellow, large, full.
456. Ida, mod. 7. Madame Ducher, 187s. Pale yellow, double.
457. Impératrice Eu g é-|Béluze, 1855. Silvery-rose, medium size,
nie, free. Beng, full, fragrant; a good variety, and would
be very useful had we not La France. Subject to mildew; shows Bourbon
character. 458. Innocente Pirola,|}Madame Ducher, 1878. Clouded white, mod. 7. medium size, full, well-formed buds.
In the style of Vzphezos, but is inferior to it in all respects save mere vigor of
growth. 459. Isabella (BelZa), Gas. 1838. Creamy-white ; once a popu- mod, or free. 7. lar sort.
460. Isabella Gray, free.|Andrew Gray, 1854. Raised from Cloth NN. of Gold, Golden-yellow ; has the good and bad qualities of the parent. 461. Isabella Sprunt,|Rev. James M. Sprunt,. D.D., 1865. frees Ze (Sent out by Isaac Buchanan.) A sport from Safrano. Sulphur -yellow, very beautiful in the bud. Well known as one of the most useful kinds.
264 THE ROSE.
VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS. DESCRIPTION,
462. Jacques Lafitte,| Vibert, 1846. Rosy-crimson.
tees ee
463. pace Sprunt, vig.|Rev. James Sprunt, ERG: (Sent out by
Beng. P. Henderson.) A climbing sport from Agrippina. Crimson, the same color as the parent sort, but the flowers are fuller and larger. It is not so free flowering as Agrzppina, but a desirable rose.
464. a Veitch, dwf.|E. Verdier, 1865. Violet-crimson, a sul- lied color, medium or large size, poor shape ; blooms freely, very subject to mildew.
—— Jaune Desprez. WV.|See Desprez.
465. * Jaune Nabonnand,|Nabonnand, 1890. Large, full; chrome-
Vie ele. yellow, with coppery-rose centre ; free bloomer and very fragrant.
466. Jaune d’Or, dwf./Oger, 1864. Coppery- yellow, medium
Le; size, full, very delicate habit. One of the sweetest in the class.
467. * J. B. Varonne,|Guillot fils, 1890. Flowers large, full,
Wake, IE varying from deep rose to bright car- mine; base of petals coppery- elows very sweet ; buds long, finely shaped growth vigoro us ; handsome foliage ana free blooming.
468. es Bodin, free.|Vibert, 1847. Light rose, quartered shape, fragrant, not mossy.
469. ‘Jean Brosse, mod. Ducher, 1867. Rose color, medium size,
ETSI cup form.
470. ps Cherpin, free.|Liabaud, 1865. Plum color, double, often semi- double, inclined to burn ; fragrant and a fine seed parent. One of the richest shades of color yet produced.
471. thie Dalmais, mod.!Ducher, 1873. Rose, tinged with violet,
dea loIKe globular, fragrant.
472. Jean Ducher, free} Madame Ducher, 1874. Bronzed - rose,
or mod. 7. large, very full globular form ; not to be depended on, but very beautiful when well grown.
473- pee Goujon, vig.|Margottin, 1862. Red, large or very
Ch, large, fall, nearly smooth wood ; of sec- ond qual ity.
474. Jean Hardy. WM. |Hardy, 1859. Golden-yellow, medium size, full; an inferior /sabella Gray.
475. Jean Lambert, vig.|E. Verdier, 1866. Deep red, very large,
RK, full, flat form.
CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 265
VariETY, HABIT
DESCRIPTION, OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.
476. ee Liabaud, free.|Liabaud, 1875. Aseedling from Baron f7R. de Bonstetten. Crimson- -maroon, illu- mined with scarlet, large, fw, fragrant; a lovely rose, but shy i in the autumn, 477. Jean Lorthois, free} Madame Ducher, 1879. Rose, reverse of On wig | i. the petals silvery-pink. 478. jean ‘“Monford, vig.| Robert, 1852. Rose color, quite pretty in bud, subject to mildew, not free, 479: ae Pernet, free. Pernet, 1867. Light y éllow, suffused Lk, with salmon, beautiful buds; a fine tea, but is now surpassed by Perle des Jardins. 480. Jean Sisley, mod.|Bennett,1879. Raised from Prestdent X IES I Emilie Hausburgh. Lilac-rose, large, very full, without fragrance ; very sub- ject to mildew. The color is bad, and the buds rarely open well; it is entirely
worthless. 481. Jean Soupert, mod.|Lacharme, 1875. Crimson-maroon, in the Cesta, eh way of Jean Liabaud, dark green fo-
liage, with many thorns; not free in the autumn.
482. * Jeanne Cuvier,|Nabonnand, 1888. Long, pointed bud;
wie | BF rich deep pink; said to force well; promising.
483. Here d’Arc, vig.|V. Verdier, 1848. White, an inferior La- marque.
484. 4 ‘Jeannie Dickson,|A. Dickson & Sons, 1890. One of Dick-
wise, Lief. son’s new Pedigree Seedling Roses, and described as follows: Color rosy-pink, entire margin of petals edged with sil- very-pink, base of petals having a pale yellow zone. The flowers are large, full, with a very high centre which standsup prominently. Petalsof great substance, large and smooth. The growth is vigorous. In this variety we add to the Hybrid Perpetual section quite a new shade of color.
485. poe Hanet, vig.|Belongsto the old Portland group. Deep rose, tinged with violet, medium size, full, quartered shape; fragrant, very hardy, a profuse bloomer. The color and form are bad, and destroy its use- fulness,
486. poe Bright, mod.|G. Paul, 1878, Bright crimson, medium size.
266 THE ROSE.
VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS. DESCRIPTION.
487. John Cranston. J/.|E. Verdier, 1862. Violet-red, medium size. 488. John Hopper, free.|Ward, 1862. From /wzles Margottin X ALR. Madame Vidot. Bright rose with car- mine centre, large and full, semi-globu- lar; light red thorns, stout bushy growth. A free blooming, standard sort. 489. John Keynes, free.|E. Verdier, 1865. Red shaded with ma- FR. roon. 490. John Saul, free. H.|Madame Ducher, 1878. Raised from ee Antoine Ducher. Red, back of the petals carmine, semi-globular. 491. John Stuart Mill,/Turner, 1874. Raised from Beauty of frees fie. Waltham. Rosy-crimson, large, full, or double; does not bloom until late; shy in the autumn. 492. Joseph Bernacchi,) Madame Ducher, 1878. Yellowish-white,
vig. NV. pale yellow at centre. 493. Jules Chrétien,mod.|Schwartz, 1878. Belongs to the Prince INS Camille type. Crimson, tinged with purple.
494. Jules‘Chrétien, free.|Damaizin, 1870. Bright rose; not valu- TEL TK able. 495. Jules Finger, free.|Madame Ducher, 1879. From Catherine Hes Mermetx Madame de Tartas. Bronzed-rose ; a promising sort. 496. Jules Jurgensen. &.|Schwartz, 1879. _Magenta-rose. 497. Jules Margottin,|Margottin,1853. Probably from La Rerne. free. : Carmine-rose, large, full, somewhat flat, slight fragrance; five to seven leaflets, foliage light green, and some- what crimpled ; wood armed with dark red thorns; free flowering and hardy. 498. Julie Mansais, mod.|Creamy-white, sweet scented, beautiful ; L; delicate in habit. 499. Julie Touvais, mod.|/Touvais, 1868. Satiny-pink, very large, AR. full; fine, but unreliable. soo. Julius Finger, mod.|Lacharme, 1879. From Victor Verdier LECT x Sombreuil. Salmon- pink, in_ the style of Captain Christy; a promising
sort. sor. King of the Prai-|Feast, 1843. Pale rose. ries, vig. /P. soz. King’s Acre. .#.|Cranston, 1864. Vermilion. 503. *Kronprinces-|Speth, 1887. A sport from Souvenir sin Victoria, vig. B.| dela Malmaison ; flowers milk-white, tinted with sulphur-yellow.
nnn ee CUEEEESEE SEIS ESR SEEEEESERR
CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 267
VARIETY, HABIT
DESCR 3 oF GROWTH, AND CLass. SCRIPTION
504. pre Ballante, mod.|V. Verdier, 1862. Bright crimson, aclear shade, large, double, fragrant; a free bloomer.
505. 5 Hhentaine, free.|Guinoiseau, 1855. Red, tinged with vio-
Ge
° et.
506. La France, mod./Guillot fils, 1867. From seed of a Tea lds rose. Silvery-rose, changing to pink, very large, full, globular ; a most con-
stant bloomer, and the sweetest of all
roses. If the buds remain firm, by
pressing gently the point and blowing
into the centre, the flowers will almost
invariably expand. An invaluable sort.
507. * La France of ’89,|Moreau-Robert, 1889. Flowers very large ;
Wakegs IEG IE: brilliant red, buds long. Very free flowering.
508. La Grandeur, free|Nabonnand, 1877. WViolet-rose, very
OGAVISne large, full.
509. i Jonquille, mod.|Ducher, 1871. Raised from Lammargue. Jonquil-yellow, semi-double, sometimes single ; medium or small size.
510. La Lune, mod. 7. Nabonnand, 1878. Creamy-yellow, deeper colored in centre, medium size, large petals, semi-double.
stz. La Motte Sanguin,|Vigneron, 1869. Carmine-red, large or
mod. #.R. very large.
512. a Nuancée, mod.|Guillot fils, 1875. Blush, tinged with fawn, medium size, full.
513. Ta Princesse Véra, Nabonnand, 1878. Flesh, bordered with
ey | LS coppery-rose, full, well. formed ; a dis- tinct, good sort.
514. La Reine, free or|/Laffay, 1839. Glossy-rose, large, full,
vig. AR. semi-globular form, somewhat fragrant ; the foliage slightly crimpled, five to seven leaflets. A very hardy, useful rose, though no longer ‘‘ the queen.’
515. La_ Rosiére, free.|Damaizin, 1874. Belongs to the Przxce
IHN Camille type. Crimson; the flowers are identical in color and form with Prince Camille, but seem a little fuller, and are more freely produced; the habit of growth, too, seems somewhat stronger; it may usurp the place of its
rival. 516. La Saumonée, vig.|Margottin, 1877. Belongs to the /wdes Jel (OUp Margottintype. Salmon-rose, medium
size; non-autumnal.
268 THE ROSE,
VARIETY, HABIT
E .. OF GROWTH, AND CLASS, DESERIETION
517. La Souveraine, vig.|E. Verdier, 1874. Rose color, large R. flowers, semi-double or double, cupped form ; inferior, 518. ie Sylphide, free. Laffay.. Blush, with fawn centre, very large, double. 519. Ta Tulipe,mod. 7.|Ducher, 1870. Creamyewhite, tinted with carmine, semi-double. 520. La Ville de Brux-|Vibert, 1836. Rose color, large, full, flat;
elles, free. Dawe. branching habit. 521. * Lady Arthur Hill,}A. Dickson & Sons, 1890. Large, full, Weis | ZEIE symmetrical; lilac-rose; distinct and
fine. An abundant bloomer. 522. * Lady Castlereagh,|A. Dickson & Sons, 1888. Largeand full, vig. J. soft rosy- yellow with rose color pre- dominating on the margins of the pet- als; robust branching habit; foliage handsome. 523. Lady Emily Peel,|Lacharme, 1862. From Blanche Lafitte mod, or free. H.N. xX Sappho. White, tinged with blush. 524. Lady Fordwick,|Laffay, 1838. Deep rose, cup-shaped. freexmeLinG/e. 525. * Lady Helen Stew-|A. Dickson & Suns, 1887. Bright crimson- art, vig. H.R. scarlet: large, full, and of perfect form, produced on long, stiff stems, highly perfumed ; distinct and fine. 526. pady Sheffeld. A.|W. Paul & Son, 1881. Cherry-red.
527. nieay Stuart, free.|Portemer, 1852. Pink, changing to blush;
fT.Ch. five to seven leaflets.
528. Lady Warrender.|See Clara Sylvain.
Beng. t
529. Lelia. AR. Crozy, 1857. See Louise Peyronny.
530. Lamarque, vig. V.|Maréchal, 1830. White, with sulphur centre. sometimes pure white, very large, full, somewhat fragrant, gener- ally seven leaflets. A superb climbing rose, quite too much neglected.
531. Lamarque a fleurs Ducher, 1871. Pale yellow, medium size,
jaunes, free. JV. in the style of the former sort, but in- ferior in all respects. 532. Laneii. MZ. Laffay, 1854. (Sent out by Lane & Son.)
Red, good foliage, with five leaflets; not subject to mildew. Propagates with great difficulty from cuttings. 533. L’Eblouissante ,|Touvais, 1861. Rosy-crimson, very large, mod. A.A. double.
CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 269
VaRIETY, HasBiT
E, A OF GROWTH, AND CLAss, DESCRIPTION
534. iy Esperance, free.|Fontaine, 1871. Cherry-red, large, full, flat form, fragrant. > Beh “UBnfant du Mont-}Cherpin, 1851. (Sent out by Ducher.) Carmel, vig. A.R. Violet-rose, a muddy shade, large, full, flat form, fragrant, red spines : inclined to mildew. 536. ge Havre, mod. #7. Euden 1871. Vermilion, beautifully orme 537: ste Mont Blanc,|Ducher, 1869. Pale lemon-yellow, growing mod. 7. lighter as the flowers expand; good in the bud. 538. ae Nankin, mod. or|Ducher, 1871. Pale yellow, shaded cop- T. pery- yellow, pretty in the bud state; rather delicate habit. 539- aes Pactole, dwf. or| Madame Pean. From Lamargue X ae: Fellow Tea. Very pale yellow, beauti-
ful buds. 540. Le Rhéne, free or|Guillot fils, 1862. Raised from General MOGayeaeAe Jacqueminot. Vermilion, tinged with
crimson, large, well formed, 541. eee (Painted Da-| Blush, edged with lake, mask.) Dam. 542. Léon Renault, free} Madame Ledéchaux, 1878. Cherry-red, or vig. AR. very large, full; promises well.
543. Léopold MHaus-/Granger, 1863. Belongs to Jacgueminot burgh, free. AR. type. Deep violet-red, a bad color. 544. Léopold Premier,|Vanassche, 1863. Belongs to Jacquemt-
frees w/t. not type. Deep red, shaded crimson, thorns not very numerous ; a good sort
but not free in the autumn. 545. Teey Coles, free.|Keynes, 1876. A sport from Madame Willermoz. White, with pink centre. 546. Ted ate Gower,|Béluze, 1846. Deep rose, tinged with
mod. 8B. salmon, the flowers are of the same character as Malmaison, mildews very badly. 547. Lion des Combats,}Lattay, 1851. Violet-rose, double, subject freeor mod. 4.2. to mildew; worthless.
548. Little Gem, dwf.|W. Paul, 1880. Crimson, very small, full; M., a miniature sort.
549. * Little Pet, vig.|Small white flowers; very free flowering. Pol
550. Lord Beaconsfield. Schwartz, 1878. (Sent out by Bennett.) H.R oe large, well formed ; fades
ba 551. Lord Clyde, mod./G. Pan, 1863. Rosy-crimson, large, FIR. double; ibject to mildew.
270 DHE, ROSE,
VARIETY, HaBiIT
oF GROWTH, AND CLASS. DESCRIPTION.
1863. (Sent out by W. Paul.) Fiery crimson, much the colorseen in Charles Lefebvre, large, double, well formed, fragrant ; this is still a good rose.
Margottin, 1858. Carmine-red, tinged with vermilion, double, well formed ; bushy habit, light green wood and foli- age, a few light-colored spines. A good garden rose,
554. ae Saas mod./Guillot pére, 1854. Raised from Giant
of Battles, Burgundy-crimson, a
lovely shade; tender and shy in au-
552. Lord Macaulay, free or mod. //.R.
553. Lord Palmerston, free. H.R.
555. Louis XIV., dwf. Guillot ‘fils, 1859. Raised from General Jal Jacquemtnot, Rich crimson, double;
a beautiful shade.
556. Louis Barlet, free.; Madame Ducher, 1875. Pale yellow, Fle tinged with fawn.
557. Louis Chaix, dwf.|Lacharme, 1857. Raised from Gzant of H.R Battles. Crimson.
558. Louis Doré, mod. or|/Fontaine, 1878. Red, large, full; little free wee ele or no fragrance, bushy growth ; free in
autumn. 359. oe Philippe,mod.|Crimson ; an inferior Agrippina. Ben
560. Woe Richard, free.| Madame Ducher, 1877. Coppery-rose, the centre sometimes deep red; coarse and poor.
Granger, 1863. Red, tinged with crimson, reddish thorns; not of first quality.
Lacharme, 1869. " Said to be from Charles Lefebvre. Crimson-maroon, medium size, sometimes large, full, semi-globu- lar form; large foliage, fewer thorns than most other dark roses, highly per- fumed. This is a tender sort, but it is very free blooming, and decidedly the finest crimson yet sent out.
563. Louis d’Arzens,/Lacharme, 1861. White, tinged with
mod. or free. AN. blush; superseded by Coguette des
Blanches.
564. Louise de Savoie,;Ducher, 1855. Pale yellow, beautiful
mod. 7. buds ; much like Le Pactole.
565. Jouve Odier, vig. Margottin, 1851. Bright rose, medium size, full, well formed, hardy.
Lacharme, 1851. Raised fon La Reine, Silvery-rose.
561. Louis Van Houtte, freer Nie
562. Louis Van Houtte, dwf.ormod. 4.2.
566. t ouise Peyronny, mod. (Leéza.) H.R.
CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 271
VARIETY, HABIT
DESCRIPTION. oF GRowTH, AND CLass. i
567. * Luciole, vig. 7. |Guillot, 1886. Carmine-rose, tinted with saffron-yellow ; base of petals coppery- yellow ; large, long, well-shaped bud, very fragrant.
568. Lyonnaise, mod.|Lacharme, 1871, Belongs to the Victor
Tele Verdier type. Pink, with deeper cen- tre, fades quickly; a coarse inferior
sort, 569. Ma Capucine, dwf.|Levet, 1871. Raised from the Noisette Abe Ophirze. Nasturtium-yellow, beauti-
ful buds; a very distinct rose, which, from its’ delicate habit, is useless for ordine cultivators to ‘attempt grow-
ing. 570. Mabel Morrison,|Broughton, 1878. (Sent out by Bennett.) mod. 4.2. A sport from Saroness Rothschild. Flesh-white, changing to pure white in the autumn it is sometimes paced with pink; semi-double, cup-shaped flowers, In all, save substance of petal and color, this variety is identical with the parent; though not so full as we should like, it is yet a very useful gar- den rose, and occasionally it is good enough for exhibition. 571. * Madame Baron|Vigneron, 1889. Flowers large, full and Veillard, vig. J. cupped; lilac-rose; fragrant. 572. Mme. "Adelaide Schmitt, 1381. ‘‘Reddish-crimson, in the Cotes ALR. style of Cardinal Patrizzt.” 573. Mme, Alboni, dwf.|V. Verdier, 1850. Pink, very large, very MM. full, flat; much like Glory of Mosses, and like that kind, too full to be pretty in the bud state. 574. Mme. Alexandre/Guillot fils, 1877. Salmon-rose, petals Bernaix, mod, A.7.| sometimes edged with blush; has true Tea odor, though not strong. A prom- ising variety. 575- Mme. Alfred Car-|Schwartz, 1879. White, not free bloom- riére, free or vig.) ing, undesirable,
_. 576. Mme. Alfred dejLacharme, 1862, Raised from Blanche Rougemont, mod.| Lafitte X Sappho. White, tinged with
HN. pink ; surpassed by Coquette aes Blan- ches.
577- Mme. Alice Dureau,}Vigneron, 1868. Belongs to La Reine
free. 7.R. type. Rose color; much like the pa-
rent, but more shy in the autumn.
AG] IG EDI IOS,
VARIETY, HABIT
ESCRI . OF GROWTH, AND CLass, DESCRIPTION
578. Mme. Alphonse La-|E. Verdier, 1878. Carmine-red, in the vallée, mod. A.R, style of Alfred Colomb; a promising
variety.
579. Mme. Amadieu. 7.|Pernet, 1880, Bright rose, double, large.
580. Mme. Amélie Bal-|V. Verdier, 1878. Satiny-rose, well tetaimeette formed.
581. * Mme. A. Nabon-|Flowers pale flesh color; bud large and
nand, vig. 7. long ; free flowering, distinct. 582. * Mme. André Du- Bonnaire, 1887. Flowers large, bright TOMS Ween hte a red, produced in great abundance.
583. Mme. André Leroy,|Trouillard, 1865. Salmon -rose, large, vig. HR. double. 584. Mme. Angéle Jac-|/Guillot fils, 1879. Bright rose, base of quier, free or mod.| petals coppery-yellow ; a good deal the Te build of Catherine Mermet. Jam well pleased with the appearance of this kind. 585. Mme. Anna de Bes-|Nabonnand, 1877. Flesh color, the cen- obrasoff, mod. A.#.| tre shaded with rose, medium size. 586. Mme. Anna de Bes-|Gonod, 1877. Raised from Charles Le- obrasoff, free. H.R.) febuvre. Deep red, shaded with purple. 587. Mme. Auguste Per-|Schwartz, 1878. Mottled pink, small or rin, mod. A.V. medium size, well formed ; a new color in this class. We are most favorably impresse.i with it. 588. atime. Azélie Im-|Levet, 1870. Raised from Me, Falcot.
bert, frees. 7. Pale yellow.
589. Mme. Barillet Des-|Bernede, 1855. White, centre creamy- champs. 7. yellow.
590. Mme. Barthélemy si, 1879. Canary-yellow, medium evet. Wwe size.
sor. Mme. Bellenden|Guillot pere, 1866. Belongs to Ediza Ker, mod. 4A.N. Boelletype. White, centre blush; very
beautiful,
soz. Mme. Bérard, vig.|Levet, 1870, Raised from Glotre de Dijon. CL: Very similar to the parent; the flowers are somewhat less full, of a fresher
shade, and are better in the bud state. 593. pe Bernard,mod.|Levet, 1875. Raised from ‘Zme, Fadcot. Coppery-yellow, medium sized, distinct, 594. Mime Bernutz, free.|Jamain, 1874. Satiny - -rose, very large,
R full.
595. Mme. Boll, vig. 4.|Daniel Boll, 1859. (Sent out by Boyeau.) Te Belongs to Baronne Prévost type. Carmine-rose; avery effective garden sort; very stout shoots, five leaflets only, there are seven in Bozeldieu, a
kindred variety.
CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 273
VaRIETY, HaBit
DEscRI , oF GROWTH, AND CLASS. SCRIPTION
596. Mme Boutin, mod.|Jamain, 1861. Red, large, full; a good albke garden rose.
597. Mme. Bouton, dwf,|Deep rose, mildews badly; resembles M. Oscar Le Clerc.
598. Mme. Bravy, mod.|Guillot, of Pont Chérin, 1848. (Sent out or free. (Alba Ro-| by Guillot of Lyons.) Creamy-white sea, Mme, Sertot.)| large, full, of very symmetrical form and De. great fragrance ; one of the most beau-
tiful and useful in the class.
599. at uae Brémond,|Guillot fils, 1866. Violet-red.
Ww Ife
600, Mme. Bruel, mod.|Levet, 1881. Raised from Couztess of I ELAR Oxford. Carmine-rose. 601. Mme. Bureau, mod.|White, tinged with blush. o'. 602. Mme. Caillat, free.|E. Verdier, 1861. Cherry-rose.
603. Mme. Camille, vig.|Guillot fils, 1871. Mushroom color, large, Le coarse flowers; not worthy of cultiva-
tion. 604. Mme. Caradori Al-|Feast, 1843. Bright pink, sem:-double.
lan, vig. P. 605. Mees Caro. 7. Levet, 1880. Salmon-yellow, medium size. 606. Mme. Caroline Kus-|Pernet, 1873. Pale yellow, often mottled ter, free. JV. with rose; a free blooming, excellent shrub rose, one of the best bedding kinds,
607. * Mme. Caroline|Pernet, Ducher, 1890. Flowers large, very Testout, vig. H.7.| double; silvery-rose; free bloomer. 608. Célina Noirey, vig.|Guillot fils, 1868. Salmon, the outer pet-
Dg. als washed-out pink, very large, very full: a coarse flower, of dirty shade.
609. Mme. Charles, free.|Damaizin, 1864. Raised from Sa/frano.
ve Apricot color; in the way of Mvie.
falcot. 610. Mme. Charles Crap-|Fontaine, 1859. Cherry-red, medium ot elet, vig. AR. large size, fragrant and good; wood armed with numerous thorns.
611. Mme. Charles Ver-|Lacharme, 1864. Belongsto the Baronne dier, free or vig. H.| Prévost type. Rosy-vermilion, very R, large, a free bloomer. 612, Mme. Charles/E, Verdier, 1861. Reddish-crimson, large, Wood, dwf. A.R. or very large, nearly full; one of the freest flowering kinds, but not of first quality. Occasionally, as with Gexeral Washington, some first-rate blooms are produced.
18
274 THE ROSE.
VARIETY, HABIT
oF GROWTH, AND CLass. DESCRIPTION.
613. Mme. Chaté, mod.|Fontaine, 1871. Cherry-red. A.R.
614. Mme. Chedane/Lévéque, 1880, Canary-yellow, thought Guinoiseau, free, 7.| to bea valuable variety for the buds; probably in the style of /sabella Spru nt. 615. Mme. Chirard. .|Pernet, 1867. Rose, tinged with vermil- R. ion, full, peculiar rich scent; bushy habit, shy i in autumn, many malformed flowers. 616. Mme. Clémence/Liabaud, 1861. Rose, tinged with lilac, Joigneaux,vig. H.R. double, large flowers. 617. ine Clert, mod.|Gonod, 1868. Salmon-rose. Teli
618. Mme. Crosy, free or|/Levet, 1881. Raised from Souvenir de la Vig ele pes ned Angleterre. Rose color, very arge. 619. Mme. Cusin, 7. Guillot fils, 1881. Violet-rose, tinged with yellow. 620. Mme. MDamaizin,|Damaizin, 1858. Creamy-white, shaded free On Vigan ae salmon, very large, double; not well formed. 621. Mme. de Laboulaye,|Liabaud, 1877. Rosy -pink, somewhat modordwf. A.A. fragrant, bushy habit, long, rather small foliage, Veeod thickly covered with dark brown thorns; not very
promising. 622. Mme. de Ridder,|Margottin, 1871. Red, shaded with vio- freeor vig. AR. let -crimson, large, full, fine globular
form; green wood and thorns. A dis- tinct sort, fragrant and beautiful, but fades easily.
623. ae ds St. Joseph,|Fawn, shaded salmon, large, full, highly scented ; not well formed.
624. Sie ae St. Pul-|Gautreau, "1871. Raised from Catherine
gent. free, Ke Guillot. Rosy-vermilion tinged with
lilac, large, globular ; well formed.
625. Mme. de ‘Tartas,|Bernéde. Rose color, double.
mod. : 626. Mme. de Vatry,|/Red, shaded with salmon, of good form, free. 7, both in bud and flower, and well
scented ; a very choice old sort. 627. * Mme. de Watte-|Guillot fils, 1884. Salmon-white, each ville, vig. 7. petal bordered with bright rose ‘like a tulip; buds long, fragrant. 628. Mme. Désiré Gir-|Madame Giraud, 1853. (Sent out by aud, vig. AR. Van Houtte.) "A sport from Baronne Prévost. Blush- white, striped with deep rose.
CATALOGUE OR VARIE TILES. 275
VARIETY, HaBIT
N. OF GROWTH, AND CLAss, DISSSe ETS
629. Mme. Dévaucoux,|Madame Ducher, 1874. Canary-yellow,
free. 7. medium size. 630. Mme. Dévert,mod.|Pernet, 1876. Raised from Victor Ver- ordwf. A.R dier. Salmon-rose.
631. Mme. Domage,free.| Margottin, 1853. Bright rose, large, loose as flowers, very thorny ; not valuable.
632. Mme. Ducher, mod.|Levet, 1879. Silvery-rose, medium size, AG double, very good.
633- pene: Ducher, free.|Ducher, 1869. Creamy- yellow, medium
: size. 634. Mme. Edward Ory,|/Moreau-Robert, 1854. Carmine-red, of
mod, P.M, medium size, full; one of the best in the class, which is not saying much for
the class. 635. * Mme. Elie Lam-|Elie Lambert, 1890. Large, globular bert, vig. 7. well formed ; rich creamy-white, tinted
with yellow and bordered with rosy- flesh ; promising.
636. Mme. Elise Stche-|Nabonnand, 1881. Clear rose, flowers Ole tien Zh said to be in the style of Nzphetos. 637. Mme. Emilie Du-|Levet, 1870. Salmon, sometimes pale
puy, frees 7 fawn, large, full; not attractive.
638. * Mme. Etienne, vig.| Bernaix, 1887. Rose colored, of good size is and form, free flowering; distinct.
639. Mme. Etienne|Levet, 1878. Cherry-red, sometimes hav- Levet, dwf. 7.7. ing a coppery shade, small size, pretty
in the bud; slightly scented, agreeable odor.
640. Mme. Eugéne|Gonod, 1878. Belongs tothe V7ctor Ver- Chambeyran, mod.| dizer type. Rose-tinged with violet, f7.R, sometimes salmon-rose.
641. Mme. EugénelE. Verdier, 1878. Belongs to La Reinc Verdier, freeor mod.| type. Mottled rose, very large, full, ALR. globular: a promising kind.
642. Mme, Falcot, mod./Guillot fils, 1858. Raised from Sa/rano. Ie Deep apricot; resembles the parent,
but is somewhat larger, more double, of deeper shade, less productive, and of weaker growth.
643. Mme. Ferdinand|Ledechaux, 1875. Deep rose, cupped Jamin, mod. H.R. | form, highly scented.
644. Mme. Fortunée Bes-|Besson, 1881, Raised from /ules Mar- son. H.R, gottin, Carmine-rose.
645. Mme. Francois|Levet, 1872. Orange-yellow, small size, Janin, dwf. or mod.| buds of exquisite shape ; very distinct, Tite both in color and its peculiar frag-
rance.
276 THE ROSE.
VARIETY, HABIT
DESCR 5 OF GROWTH, AND CLASS. CRIBSION
646. Mme. Frangois Pit-|Lacharme, 1877. Pure white, small. tet, mod. “.N. 647. Mme. Freeman,|Guillot pére, 1862. White, tinged with mod. A... pink. 648. Mme. Frémion,|Margottin, 1850, Cherry-red, cup shaped. mod. H.R. fragrant. 649. Mme. GabrieljLiabaud, 1878. Belongs to the /xzdes Luizet, vig. “.R. Margottin type. Pink, somewhat fra- grant, long foliage; a promising kind, worthy of attention. 650. Ame. Gaillardjmod.|Ducher, 1870. Salmon-yellow, large, somewhat coarse. 651. x "Mme. G. Bruant,|Bruant, 1888. The first of a new race of vig. 7.2K. hybrids. In the bud state the flowers are long and pointed; when open, semi- double; pure white and fragrant, and produced freely in clusters at intervals throughout the summer; exceptionally hardy and vigorous; forms a handsome bush. 652, Mme. George|Schwartz, 1871. Belongs to the Victor Schwartz, mod. H.| Verdier type. Silvery-rose, fades R. badly and is coarse. 653. Mme. Gustave Bon-|Lacharme, 1860. From Blanche Lafitte net, free. HN. <x Sappho. White, tinged with pink; surpassed by others of the class. 654. Mme. Hardy, vig.|Hardy, 1832. White, large, very full, Dam. flat form, very fragrant ; sometimes comes with green centre, but very beautiful when in perfection. A diffi- cult sort to grow from cuttings. 655. Mme. Hippolyte|Garcon, 1871. (Sent out by Jamain.) Jamain, mod. 4.2R.| White, tinged with rose, very large,
full. 656. Mme. _ Hippolyte/Guillot fils, 1869. White, tinged in the Jamain, free. T7. centre with yellow, large, full. 657. Mme. Hoche, mod.|Moreau-Robert, 1859. White, superseded or dwf. MM. by White Bath. 658. * Mme. Hoste, vig.|Guillot, 1887. Large, finely formed flow- LT: ers on stout stems; color varies from
straw-white to canary-yellow ; vigorous and most abundant bloomer : forces
well.
659. Mme. Hunnebelle, Leg 1873. Light rose, large, fra- frees Hele: ant
660. Mme, Isaac Pereire, Margottin fils, 1880. Carmine-red, very free or vig. ZB. large, full, free blooming.
CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 277.
VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS. DESCRIPTION.
. Mme. Jeanne Jou-|Margottin, 1877. Red, medium size, non-
a Bert. vig. JB. autumnal, 662. Mume. Jolibois, mod.|E. Nerdic 1879. Silvery-rose, medium size, full 663. ine: Joly, free.|Rose Pelee medium size, semi-cupped, A fragrant, and well formed ; seems to be
of Bourbon origin. 664. * Mme. Josepk Des-|Guillot, 1886. Flesh-white, shaded with bois, vig. AR. salmon-rose ; ; very large, "well formed, very vigorous. 665. Mme. JoncPh Hal-|Margottin, 1859. Blush, medium size. phen, mod. 666. Mme. J oaE Schwartz, 1880. From Cozztesse de La- Schwartz, freed barthe. Blush, the edge of petals tinged with carmine. 667. Mme. John Twom-|Schwartz, 1881. Vermilion-red, said to
bly,strees ER: have some resemblance to Alfred Co- lomb.
668. * Mme. Jules Cam-|Bernaix, 1889. Medium size; flowers
bon, mod. 7. fresh carnation-rose color, _margined
with variable shades of carmine. 669. Mme. Jules Grévy.;Schwartz, 1881. From Triomphe de Iz,
R. 2 Exposition X Madame Falcot. Sal- mon-pink,
670. Mme. Jules Mar-|Levet, 1871. Carmine-pink, tinged with
gottin, mod. 7, lilac, very fragrant ; inclined to come in
rough form.
671. Mme, Julie Daran,}Touvais, 1861. Violet-crimson, a fine
free. AR. color; shy in the autumn.
672. Mme. jue Weid- Soupert & Notting, 1880. Salmon-rose.
man.
673. Mme. oe: dwf./V. Verdier, 1855. Rose color, medium
LTTE size, full, flat ferm, very sweet. ——Mnme. de Rothschild.|See Baroness Rothschild. 674. Mme. Lacharme,|Lacharme, 1872. Claimed to have been dwf. .Ch. raised from /ules Margottin X Som- breuil, White, tinged with pink, me- dium size, full or very full, globular ; does not open well, and is shy in the autumn, Of bushy growth, and quite hardy.
675. Jame: Laffay, free. ene 1839. Rose color, large, double, cupped form, red spines ; surpassed by many others of the same "shade.
676. Mme. Lambard,/Lacharme, 1877. Rosy-salmon, deepen-
WAGs thi ds ing toward the centre, the color is vari- able, SOmictimies being a rosy-flesh ; the
278 THE ROSE.
VARIETY, HaBIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLass. DIESE SONG
flowers are large, very full, and good. This variety is not so refined as many others, but is of excellent habit, free blooming qualities, and is to be con- sidered one of our most useful Teas.
677, Mme. ___ Landeau,|Moreau-Robert, 1873. Red, medium size,
mod, /.1/. full ; not valuable. C78 Me: Laurent, vig.}Granger, 1871. Cherry-red. 679. Mme. Léon de St.}Levet, 1875. Pale yellow, very fragrant,
Jean, mod. 7. poor form. 680. Mme. Levet, vig.|/Levet, 1869. Raised from Glotre de Dijon. Cindi Very much like the parent, but inferior to it.
681. Mme. Lilienthal.| Liabaud, 1878, Bright rose, tinged with
Lath) Ke salmon. 682. Mme. Loeben Sels,|Soupert & Notting, 1879. Silvery-white,
mod. 4.7. shaded with rose, large, full, somewhat flat form. 683. Mme. Louis Car-|Fontaine, 1859. Rosy-crimson, double, icques, vig. H.R. free in autumn; not of first quality.
684. Mme. Louis Dona-}Gonod, 1877. A sport from Countess of dine, dwf. or mod.| Oxford. Nearly theshadeof Eugénie IMIR Verdier ; poor.
685. Mme. Louis Henry,]Mme. Ducher, 1879. Pale yellow, fra- vig. : grant ; in the way of Solfaterre.
686. Mme. Louis Lévé-|Lévéque, 1873. Belongs to the /wles que, mod. 4.R. Margottin type. Carmine-rose, large,
very full, somewhat flat form, slightly fragrant ; blooms late in the season, but is shy in the autumn.
687. Mme. Margottin,|Guillot fils, 1866. Citron-yellow, some-
mOG aie times with coppery centre, large, full, many malformed flowers, fine when
perfect. 688. Mme. M arie/Guillot fils, 1881. Raised from Vzctor Bianchi. 4.2. Verdier X Virginal. Blush, tinged
with lilac, fragrant. 689. Mme. Marie Cirrod-|C. Verdier, 1867. Salmon-pink. de, mod. Z.R. 690. Mme. Marie Roe-|Lévéque, 1881. Raised from Jules Mar- derer. “.R. gottin. Cherry-red. 6g1. Mme. Marie Finger,)Rambaux, 1873. (Sent out by Lacharme.) dwf, ALR. Almostidentical with ZugénteVerdter. 692. * Mme. Marthe dujPernet, 1889. Large, nearly double, Bourg, free. 7. nicely pointed centre; creamy-white, with carmine on the edges ; very pretty.
CATALOGOEMOP, VARIETIES. 279
VARIETY, HABIT
DESCRI . OF GROWTH, AND CLAss. SGRIERION
693. Mme. Marthej|Lévéque, 1881. Raised from Madame d’Halloy. ALR. Boutin. Cherry-red.
694. Mme. Maurice Kup-|Madame Ducher, 1877. Pale yellow, penheim, mod. 7, shaded with apricot.
695. Mme. Maurin, free.|Guillot pére, 1853. Creamy-white, large ;
> L: not very reliable.
696. Mme. Maxime de|T. Grangé, 1880. (Sent out by Vigneron.) la Rocheterie. .RX.| Raised from Victor Verdier. Car-
mine-rose. 697. Mme. Mélanie Wil-|Lacharme, 1845. Creamy-white, thick lermoz, free. 7. petals, large, full, little fragrance; an
excellent sort for out-of-door culture. 698. Mme. Miolan Car-/Lévéque, 1876. Raised from Chroma- valho, free orvig. V.| ¢e/Za. Sulphur-yellow. 699. Mme. Montet. #.A#.|Liabaud, 1880. Light pink, large petals. 700. pine: Moreau, mod.|Gonod. Red, shaded with violet.
Jol. Mme. Moreau, mod.|Moreau-Robert, 1872. Red, large, full. P.M
702. Mme. Nachury, vig.|Damaizin, 1873. Belongs to La Reine RG: type. Deep rose color, fades easily, flowers very large, rather loose, fra-
grant.
703. Mme. Noman, dwf.|/Guillot pére, 1867, Raised from Madame (Mademoiselle Bon-| Récamter. White, sometimes with naire.) HN. shaded centre, medium size, full, glob-
ular; foliage somewhat crimpled, wood armed with quite numerous, small spines. A rose of exquisite beauty.
704. Mme. Oswald de|Schwartz, 1879. Fromaseedling of Mme, Kerchove, dwf. H.| Récamier X Mme. Falcot. White, NN. tinged with fawn, promises to be an
addition of merit. Ithasallthe charac- teristics of the Eliza Boelle type.
7o5. Mme. Pauline La-|Pradel, 1852. Salmon-rose, large, full, bonté, free. 7. and good in the bud; an excellent
sort. 706. * Mme. Philemon|Cochet, 1888. Bright rose, reflexed with Cochet, vig. 7. salmon-white, medium size. jo7. * Mme. Pierre Guil-|Guillot, 1888. A rose partaking of the lot; vig. . 7. characteristics of both Mad. de Watte- ville and W. A. Richardson in color ; flowers large, full, finely formed, pale yellow, tinted with coppery-orange at centre, becoming paler outward ; edges of petals rosy-crimson ; a strong grower and free bloomer.
230 THE ROSE.
VARIETY, HaBIT
DE N. oF GROWTH, AND CLASS. SCRE.
708. Mme. Pierre Oger,|Oger, 1878. (Sent out by C. Verdier.) A vig. 2B. sport from AXezxe Victorta. Blush, the exterior of petals tinged with rosy-lilac, cupped form, not a free bloomer. zoo. * Mme. P. Kuntz,|Bernaix, 1889. Large, full, bright pink wile, | or China rose ; finely formed, and frag- rant; free bloomer. 710. Mme. Plantier, free. Plantier, 1835. Pure white, above me- Tel CLe dium size, full, flat form, seven leaflets, foliage rather’ small ; one of the best white roses for hedges and for massing. Early in the season the flowers are pro- duced in great abundance. . Mme. Prosper Lau-|E. Verdier, 1875. Red, quartered shape, bee naen | Vela/ie not fragrant, numerous red thorns ; of second quality. 7iz. Mme._ Récamier,|Lacharme, 1853. Blush-white, medium dwf. AN. size, well formed. The origin of this rose is unknown ; probably it is the re- sult of a natural cross with some Noisette on a Bourbon. 713. Mme. Rivers, mod.|Guillot pére, 1850. Blush ; a pretty sort, H.R. but of unhealthy habit and quite ten-
der. 714. Mme. Rosalie de|Vigneron, 1881. Raised from General Wincop. H.R. Jacqueminot. Red, tinged with lilac. 715. * Mme. Schwaller,|Bernaix, 1886. Pink, large, fine ; blooms Wake. date freely and abundantly. 716. * Mme. Scipion/Bernaix, 18387. Rosy-yellow, large and Cochet, vig. 7. double, margins of petals wavy, beauti-
ful glossy foliage, free flowering. 717. Mme. Scipion Co-|Cochet, 1871. Cherry-rose. chet, vig. “Aik. Mme. Sertot. 7. |See Madame Bravy. 718. Mme. Sophie Fro-|Levet, 1876. Bright rose, nearly smooth
pot, vig. AR. wood : a shy autumnal and not of first quality. é 719. Mme. Thévenot,|Jamain, 1877. Bright red, free blooming. free. aR 720. Mme, Trifle, vig.|/Levet, 1869. Raised from Gloire de (GL Tle Dijon. Fawn and yellow; resembles
the parent, but inferior to it in value. . Mme. Trotter, vig.|Granger, 1855. Bright red, medium size,
a 28 CA. a free bloomer in the spring. 722. Mme. Trudeau,free.|Daniel Boll, 1850. Rose, tinged with IELIKG lilac, medium size, well formed, free
flowering, mildews badly.
CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 281
VARIETY, Hasir
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS, WIESE THON
723. Mme. Victor Ver-|E. Verdier, 1863. Carmine-crimson, large, dier, mod, or free.| full, fine, globular form, very fragrant ; fa lolaie a superb rose,
724. Mme. Vidot, dwf.|Couturier, 1854. (Sent out by E. Ver- f7R, dier.) Flesh color, full, well formed ;
a beautiful rose of delicate constitu-
tion, 725. Mme. Welche, mod.|Madame Ducher, 1878. (Sent out by Ips Bennett.) Raised from Devonzensis K
Souventr d’un Amz. Pale yellow, the centre coppery-yellow, largeand full; a very distinct Tea. 726. Mme. Zeetman,mod.|Delicate flesh, changing to white, large, or free. Dam. very full, flat form, fragrant, five to seven leaflets; a splendid white rose. ——Mademoiselle Annie|See Annie Wood. Wood. A.R. 727. Mile. Blanche Dur-/Guillot fils, 1877. Raised from Madame schmidt, free. 7. falcot, Flesh color, semi-double, worthless. 728. Mlle, Bonnaire,dwf.|Pernet, 1859. Closely resembles Madame FN, Noman; it is difficult to see any points of difference by which one may be dis- tinguished from the other. 729. Mile. Brigitte Vio-|Levet, 1878. Silvery-rose, slightly tinged let;mod> 7.7. with lilac; not highly scented, but quite a pleasing sort. 730. Mile. Cécile Ber-|Guillot fils, 1871. Sulphur-yellow, me- thod,dwf.ormod. 7.} dium size, pretty in the bud. 731. Mile. Cécile Briin-/Madame Ducher, 1880. Salmon - pink, ner, mod. or dwf.| deeper in the centre, very small, full,
Pol. delicately scented ; an exquisite minia- ture rose for floral work, opera bou- quets, etc.
732. Mile. Emma Hall,|Liabaud, 1876. Raised from Souvenir
mod.orfree. AH.C€h.| de la Reine d Angleterre. Carmine-
rose, medium size, semi-globular form,
fragrant; there are seven leaflets of
light green color, rather crimpled, the
shoots are armed with small spines of
pale green. Anexcellent summer rose.
733. Mlle. Fernande de|Damaizin, 1872. Belongs to the Victor
la Forest, mod. H.R.| Verdier type. Rose color, somewhat
in the way of Lyonnaise ; of no value.
734. * Mile. Jeanne Guil-|Bernaix, 1889. Large, delicate coppery-
laumez, vig. 7. yellow, tinted with flesh, with base of petals orange-red.
282 THE ROSE.
VaRIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS, DESCRIPTION.
735- Mile. Julie Dymo-|Gonod, 1879. Belongs to the Victor Ver-
nier, dwf. 4.R. dier type. Salmon-pink, after thestyle of Marze Cotntet.
736. Mile. Lazarine Poi-|Levet, 1876, Orange-yellow, small size, zeau, dwf. or mod.| very pretty in the bud; closely re- L: sembles Madame Francois Janin.
737. Mile. Marguérite|E. Verdier, 1865. Belongs to La Reine Dombrain, free. .| type. Satiny-rose, a good sort.
R. 738. Mlle. Marie Ar-|Levet, 1872. Canary -yellow, beautiful
mand, mod. 7. buds, well scented, delicate constitu- tion.
739. Mile. Marie Berton,|Levet, 1875. Raised from Glotre de Di-
Vl Sen OLE jon. Pale yellow, somewhat fragrant,
the most free flowering of all the seed- lings from Glotre de Dijon ; the flower stems are long and stout, the foliage large and lustrous. A magnificent yel- low rose. 740. Mile. Marie Chau-|Besson, 1881. Raised from Baroness Welty JeLIK Rothschild. Deep rose color. 741. Mile. Marie Cointet,|Guillot fils, 1872. Belongs to the Victor dwf. A.R. Verdier type. Salmon- pink; a very beautiful sort when perfect, but most of the flowers are malformed, or open badly. 742. ele: Marie Gonod,|Gonod, 1871. Rosy-blush. ree A 743. Mile. Marie Rady,|Fontaine, 1865. Vermilion-red, shaded freenmc7ere. with crimson, large or very large, very full, of splendid globular form, very fragrant ; it has more vermilion than Alfred Colom, making it somewhat lighter and more dull; the shoots are armed with numerous red thorns, the foliage shows considerable lustre. There is no finer exhibition sort among the red roses, and were it as constant, it would be quite as valuable as Alfred Colomb and Marie Baumann, varieties which bear it considerable resemblance. 744. Mile, Rachel, dwf.|Béluze, 1860, White, pointed buds, some- LD. what in the style of Nzphetos, but not equal in quality to that fine sort. 745. Mlle. Thérese koa Levet, 1866. Belongs tothe /ules Mar- et, mod. ALR gottin type. Salmon-rose, medium size, free blooming.
CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 283
——
VaRIETY, HABIT
RI : OF GROWTH, AND C Lass, DESCRIPTION
746. Magna Charta, vig.|W. Paul, 1876. Pink, suffused with car- Ch mine, large or very large, full, globular ; foliage and wood light green, numerous, dark spines. A fragrant, excellent va-
riety.
747. Manetti Rose, vig.|Violet-rose, small size, single, not pro- ductive; this variety, since its intro- duction from Italy, is more used for a stock on which to bud choice sorts than any other kind. It has dark, brownish wood, and always seven lea f- lets, sometimes nine; there need be, therefore, no difficulty i in distinguish- ing it from other kinds,
748. Marcelin Roda,mod.|Ducher, 1872, Yellowish - white, the
es centre light yellow; a fairly good rose.
749. * Marchioness|A. Dickson & Sons, 1891. ‘‘ Very large,
of Dufierin, vig. 7.) beautiful rosy-pink suffused with yellow R. at base of petals, which are reflexed.”’ 750. Marchioness of Ex-|Laxton, 1877, (Sent out by G. Paul.) eterpinee sneezes. A seedling from /ules Margottin. Cherry-rose, fragrant. 751. * Marchioness|W. Paul & Son, 1889. Large, full, cup- of Lorne, vig. A.R.| ped; buds long and handsome, rich and fulgent rose color, shaded with vivid carmine, remarkable for its perpetual habit. 752. Maréchal Forey,|Margottin, 1863. Raised from 7yrzomphe vig. or free. AR. del Exposition. Reddish-crimson, shy in the autumn.
753- Maréchal Niel, vig.|Pradel, 1864. Supposed to be a seedling
NV. from /sabella Gray. Deep yellow, very large, very full, globular form, delightfully fragrant, the finest of all yellow roses; it is of delicate constitu- tion, and requires very careful treat- ment to produce satisfactory results. It is only adapted for culture under glass, and even then the inexperienced would do better not to attempt its cul- ture, but use in its stead Mle. Marie Berton, Solfaterre, or,for non-climbers, Perle des Jardins.
754. Maréchal Robert,]Madame Ducher, 1875. White, the cen-
frees ea tre shaded with flesh, large or very large, full; a fine sort.
284 THE ROSE.
VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS. DESCRIPTION.
755. Maréchal Vaillant,|/Viennot, 1861. (Sent out by Jamain.) fees) le Crimson, large, full, well formed, fra- grant; a fine rose, which, were it not for Maurice Bernardin, would be more useful. It is a valuable kind for large collections, 756. * Margaret Dickson,|A. Dickson & Sons, 1891. ‘‘ Of magnifi- vig. ALR. cent form ; white, with pale flesh cen- tre; petals very large, shell shaped, and of great substance ; foliage very large, dark green.”’ 757- Marguérite Bras-|Brassac, 1875. The same as Charles Le- sac. F7.R. chure. 758. Marguérite de St.|/Sansal, 1864. Raised from Jules Mar- Amand, free. H.A.| gottzm. Bright rose, very beautiful in the bud state; will give more fine blooms in the autumn than any other of the class, and it is also one of the best for forcing. It cannot be prop- agated from cuttings. 759. Marie Baumann,|Baumann, 1863. Crimson-vermilion, suf- mod. H.R. fused with carmine, large, full, of ex- quisite color and form, very fragrant ; the wood freely covered with small light red thorns. This variety is a little lighter and brighter in color than Marie Rady, which is a shade lighter than Alfred Colomé. <A rose of the highest quality and very productive ; no collection can be complete with it left out. It should be given a favored position, 760. Marie Caroline de|Nabonnand, 1881. Pure white. Sartoux. 7. 761. Marie de Blois, free.| Moreau-Robert, 1852. Rose color, double, : not mossy, poor. 762. Marie de Bour-|Moreau-Robert, 1853. Bright rose, me-
gogne,dwf. PAZ. dium size. 763. Marie Ducher, free.|Ducher, 1868. Salmon-rose, large, very Tf full, somewhat flat; a free blooming
kind, of excellent habit. Not a refined flower, yet it is a sort worth grow-
ing. 764. Marie Guillot, mod.|Guillot fils, 1874. White, faintly tinged : Tire with yellow, large, full; of splendid form. Oneof the most beautiful Teas; would that it were fragrant!
CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 285
VARIETY, HABIT
DESCRIPTION. OF GROWTH, AND CLASS,
765. Marie Jaillet, mod.|Madame Ducher, 1878. Pale rose, deeper LT: in the centre. 766. Marie Louise Per-|Pernet, 1876 Raised from Baroness net, mod. AR. Rothschild. Deep violet-red, cupped form ; very fragrant. 767. Aatie Opoix, mod. Schwartz, 1874. Pale yellow, almost white, not of first quality. 768. Marie Sisley, mod.|Guillot ‘fils, 1868. Rose, tinged with sal- Dr mon, sometimes coppery-rose ; a distinct sort, but not reliable, and at its best is not specially attractive. 769. Marie Van Houtte,}Ducher, 1871. From Madame de Tar- frees). 2. tasx Madame Falcot. Pale yellow, the edges of petals often lined with rose, well formed; of good habit, and in every respect a most charming sort. The finest of all Teas for out-door cul- ture. 770. Marie Verdier, free.|E. Verdier, 1877. Rose color. TEES
771. * Marion Dingee,|Dingee & Conard Co., 1892. Described Wigan 2. as deep brilliant crimson, one of the brightest and richest colored Teas; flowers large, cup shaped, and borne on long, straight stems. 772. Marquis de Balbi-|Lacharme, 1855. Silvery-rose, medium ano, free. JB. size, full. 773+ Marquis de Sanima,|Mme. Ducher, 1875. Coppery-rose, in mod. the style of Rezxe du Portugal, but not so good, 774. * Marquise de Vi-|Dubreuil, 1885. Bright carmine on the vens, vig. 7. edges of outside petals, gradually be- coming straw color at the base ; distinct. 775- Marquis of Salis-/G. Paul, 1879. Coppery - -rose’; shaded
bury, mod. 4.2. with crimson, large, globular form, dis- tinct.
776. Marquise Adele de Sener 1876. Raised from Madame
Murinais, free. H.R.| Laffay. Silvery-rose ; an inferior sort.
777- Marquise de Castel-|Pernet, 1869. Supposed’ to be a seedling
lane, mod. 4.R. from’ Jules Margottin. Carmine-rose,
a permanent shade, very large, very full, not fragrant but effective, does not bloom until late; a valuable sort for exhibition purposes. Does not propa- gate from cuttings. 778. Marquise de _Lig-|Guénoux, 1879. (Sent out by Jamain.) neries, mod, AR. Rose color, wood nearly smooth,
286 THE ROSE.
VARIETY, HaBitT
OF GROWTH, AND CLass, DESCRIPTION.
779. Marquise de Morte-|Liabaud, 1868. Raised from /ules Mar- mart, mod. or dwf.| go¢t7z. Blush, well formed. A fine H.R, rose of delicate habit.
780. * Marshall P. Wil-|Ellwanger & Barry, 1884. Raised from der, vig. AR. the seed of Gen. Jacgueminot. It is
of vigorous growth, with healthy foli- age, flowers large, semi-globular, full, well formed; color, cherry-carmine, much like a light-colored Marie Bau- mann, ora shade deeper than Marie Rady, and very fragrant. In wood, foliage, and form of flower, it resem- bles Alfred Colomé, but the seedling excels that famous variety in vigor, hardiness, and freedom of bloom. It continues to bloom profusely long after the other Remontants are out of flower. In brief, it may be described as an im- proved Alfred Colomed.
781. Mary Pochin. H.R.|Rev. E. M. Pochin, 1881. (Sent out by Cranston.) Lake, shaded with crimson, medium size,
782. Masterpiece, mod.|W. Paul, 1880. Supposed to be a seed-
oritreemrahik. ling from Beauty of Waltham. Rosy- crimson,
783. Mathilde Lenaerts./Levet, 1879. Raised from Gloire de Cie Dijon. Rose color.
784. Maurice Bernardin,|Granger, 1861. Raised from General vig. or free. AR. Jacqueminot. Bright crimson, large,
moderately full; a good free flowering sort, generally coming in clusters; the roots are very delicate, and break easily. In the spring, this is, perhaps, the most prolific of all crimson sorts.
785. * Maurice L. de Vil-|Lévéque, 1891. Large, double, fine
morin, vig. //.2. form; clear bright red, shaded velvety brown,
736. * Maurice Rouvier,|Nabonnand, 1890. Large, full, globular
VAS reds form, delicate rose veined with red;
fragrant and free blooming. 787. May Quennell, dwf.|Postans, 1878. (Sent out by W. Paul & or mod, H.R. Son.) Magenta, shaded with crimson, large flowers, many of them coming imperfect ; wood rather smooth, foliage
ark, 788. May Turner, mod./E. Verdier, 1874. Salmon-rose. LLG
CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES, 287
VARIETY, HaBir OF GrowTH, AND Crass. DIES SERIO 789. * Medea, vig. 7. |W. Paul & Son, 1891. ‘‘ Large,very full,
buds inclined to be high centred : color lemon, with canary-yellow centre.’
Oger, 18st. Yellowish- white, deeper at centre, medium size.
ee Soupert. Nabonnand, 1881. White, large, very
790. Melaie Oger, free.
full. 792. Mére de St. Louis,|Lacharme, 1852. Raised from La Reine. mod. 7.2. Pink, medium size.
793. * Merveille de Lyon, Pernet, 1882. Pure white, shaded and mod. /#/.R marked with satiny-rose; flowers very large, double, and of a beautiful cup shape. A seedling from Baroness Roth- schild, with the same habit, but larger. 794. * Meteor, vig. #7.7.|/Bennett, 1887, Rich dark velvety-crim- son, retaining its color well ; a constant bloomer, healthy, with no tendency to mildew ; admirable for forcing. 795. Michael Bonnet,|Guillot pere. 1864. Rose color, in the
free, way of Madame Joly, but inferior. 796. Michael Saunders, Bennett, 1879. From President X Ma- mods) “4/577. dame Victor Verdier. Deep bronzed
rose, or rose shaded with coppery-red, medium size, very full, finely formed, somewhat fragrant ; on account of their great fulness the flowers do not open well under glass, but they are fine in open air, A very distinct and pleasing sort; the best of the set sent out by Bennett,
Guillot fils. 1881. ‘‘ Delicate rose, chang- ing to blush, very small, double, flower- ing in corymbs of thirty or forty blooms.”’
798. Sram ha mod.|E. Verdier, 1873. Reddish-crimson. H.R
797- Mignonette. Pod,
799. *Miniature, vig.|Alegatiére, 1884. Rosy-white, changing to white ; full, sweet; in clusters.
A. Dickson & Sons, 1887. Bright salmon- pink, shaded yellow at base of petals; free ‘flowering.
80x. Miss Glegg, free.|Vibert. White, the centre often flesh
NV. color, very small, double; resembles Aimée Vibert, but is much inferior, 802. Miss Hassard, free.) Turner, 1175. Raised from Marguérite
f7.R, de St. Amand. Pink, large, very full, sweetly scented.
800, * Miss Ethel Brown- low, vig. 7.
288 THE ROSE.
VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND Ciass, DESCRIETION.
803. Miss Ingram, free.|Ingram, 1868. (Sent out by Turner.)
H.Ch. Blush-white, well formed ; a fine rose. 804. Miss May Paul, vig |Levet, 1881. Raised from Glotre de
Cl.T. Dijon. ‘* Lilac-white, reverse of the
petals red.”’
805. Miss Tweed, free.|/Pale yellow, semi-double; it has xzne leaflets, rarely seven; Perstan Yellow has sevex leaflets only ; remembering this, it is always a simple matter to dis- tinguish the varieties when out of
flower. 806. Modéle de Perfec-/Guillot fils, 1860. Raised from Lozzse tion, mod. ZB, One Satiny-rose, medium size, well ormed.
807. Mogador. A.R, Raised from Rose du Roz, and esteemed as an improvement on that variety. It is a crimson damask which flowers in autumn.
808. Moiré, mod. 7. Moiré, 1844. Fawn and rose.
809. Monsieur Alfred|Vigneron, 1880. Carmine-rose.
Leveau. AR, 810. Monsieur Boncenne,|Liabaud, 1864. Very deep crimson, dou-
free or mod. “4.2. | ble, medium size; a good rose, but
now displaced by Baron de Bonstetten.
811. * Monsieur Désir,|Pernet pére, 1888. Large, velvety crim- Vise = 2. sonm-rose ; free bloomer ; a fine climber. 812. Monsieur E, Y./E. Verdier, 1874. Carmine-crimson, Teas, mod. or dwf.| large, fine, globular form, highly
PIR scented ; a superb rose. 813. Monsieur Fillion,}Gonod, 1876. Belongs to the Victor mod. AR, Verdier type. Carmine-rose, not of
first quality. 814. Monsieur Furtado,|Laffay, 1863. Yellow, medium or small free or mod. 7. size, well formed, very full; an exqui- site sort, of good habit, not nearly so much grown as it deserves. 815. Monsieur Jard, free.|Guillot pére, 1857. Red, tinged with z violet. 816. Monsieur Journaux,|Marest, 1868. Brilliant red. Wales) Vee 817. Monsieur Jules/Guillot fils, 1881. Carmine-rose, cupped
Monges. A.R. form. 818. Monsieur Noman,|Guillot pére, 1866. Raised from /zles dwf. ZR. Margottin. Rose color, oiten deli-
cately mottled, beautiful globular form. Unreliable, but magnificent when in perfection,
(
CATALOGOUE, OF, VARTE TIES. 289
Variety, Habit
. E : OF GROWTH, AND CLASS. See TTON
819. Monsieur Thouve-|Vigneron, 1880. Velvety-red, flat form. Te lees ele
820. Monthly Cabbage.|Violet-rose, somewhat fragrant. Beng.
Ser. * Ne Poncceleine! vig.|Moreau-Robert, 1881. White, lightly M, marked with’ rose, changing to pure
white. A good grower. 822. Mrs. Baker, mod.|Turner, 1875. Belongs to the Victor
ff.R. Verdier type. Carmine-red, 823. Mrs. Bosanquet,|Madam Pean. Rosy-flesh, very produc- mod. Bezg. tive.
824. * Mrs. Degraw. J&.|Burgess, 1875. Resembles A folline some- what in leaf and flower, but is more compact in growth. Incoloritisa rich glossy pink, very fragrant, and isa remarkably prolific and _ continuous bloomer. It is said to be perfectly hardy south of New York.
825. Pe Elliott, free.|Laffay, 1840. Rose color, double, gener-
Jel IK ally seven leaflets ; of second quality. 826. Mrs. Harry Turner,}Laxton, 1880. (Sent out by Turner.) mod, 4... Raised from Charles Lefebvre XAL Jred de Rougemont, Scarlet-crimson, a splendid bright color ; a very promis- ing sort.
827. Mrs. Hovey, vig. P.|Pierce, 1850, Blush, changing to white, resembles Baltimore Belle, but is har- dier ; a valuable climbing rose.
828. * Mrs. James Wil-|A. Dickson & Sons, 1889. In form re-
son, mod. 7, sembles Mermet; flowers deep lemon- yellow, tipped with rose; highly fra- grant; habit vigorous and branching ; flowers carried erect on stiff stems and lasting well.
829. * Mrs. John Laing,|Bennett, 1887. A seedling from Frangots
Vl Soames Michelon : soft pink ; large and of fine form, produced on strong stems; ex- ceedingly fragrant; one of the most valuable varieties for forcing, and flowers continuously in the open ground.
830. Mrs. Jowitt. 7.X./Cranston, 1880. From Marte Rady X Duc de Rohan, Crimson, tinged with
lake. . Mrs. Laxton, dwf.|Laxton, 1878. (Sent out by G. Paul.) a IK Raised from Madame Victor Verdier.
Rosy-crimson, beautiful form. 832. Mrs. Opie, mod. 7./Bell & Son, 1877. Salmon-rose.
19
290 THE ROSE.
VARIETY, HaBIT
oF GROWTH, AND CLass. DESCRIPTION.
833. * Mrs. Paul, vig. B.|Paul & Son, 1891. ‘‘ Large open flower like a camelia, with very bold, thick petals, perfectly arranged ; blush-white, with rosy peach shadin ; very distinct. A fine autumnal rose.’
834. Mrs. Pierce, vig. P.|Pierce, 1850. Blush.
835. Mrs. Standish, dwf./Trouillard, 1860. Belongs to the Gzaxt
IE(IR of Battlestype. Deep crimson, tinged with purple.
836. Nancy Lee, dwf.|Bennett, 1879. From Alba Rosea X Ed-
IH He ward Morren. Satiny-rose, a delicate and lovely shade, medium or small size, beautiful buds, highly scented ; growth slender, inclined to mildew. Were this of vigorous growth and good constitution, it would be a variety of great value.
837. Narcisse, mod. (Zx-|1845. Yellow, an inferior Monsteur
fant de Lyon.) T.\ Hurtado.
838. Nardy Fréres, free.|Ducher, 1865. Supposed to be a seedling
f7.R. from Madame Boll, Violet-red, a very distinct variety, but of too perish- able a color to have any value.
839. Nina, mod. 7. Blush, loose flowers: not of value.
840. Niphetos, dwf. 7.|1844. White, sometimes tinged with pale yellow, long, large buds, the petals thick and durable. A very beautiful variety for growing under glass, it is entirely unsuited for growing in open air.
841. Nuits de Voung,|Laftay, 1851. Purplish-red, a sullied
mod, JZ. shade.
842. * Oakmont. H.R. |Comley. ‘‘ Deep bright rose color, in the way of Paul Neyron, but blooms much more freely ; delightfully scented ; con- tinues in bloom all summer, and is one of the best varieties for very early winter forcing.”
843. Odéric Vital, vig.|Oger, 1858. A sport from Baronne Pre-
HR. vost, A little lighter in color than the parent, the habit is the same.
844. Odorata, free.|Of Chinese origin, brought to England in
(Blush Tea.) T. 1810, Carmine, fading to blush, large A flowers, somewhat loose but good in the bud; one of the most fragrant. The larger number of the Teas are descend- ants of this sort.
CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES, 291
VARIETY, HaBIT
OF GROWTH, AND Crass, DESCRIPTION.
845. Cillet Flamand,/Vibert, 1845. White, striped with rose,
free. Fr. like a variegated carnation, double flowers, of medium size; the foliage is very dark, 846. CEillet Parfait, mod. Boulerd! 1841. Blush, striped with violet- Prov. rose ; inferior to the preceding sort,
——Old Yellow Tea. 7.|/See Flavescens. 847. Olga Marix, mod.|Schwartz, 1873. Rosy-flesh, changing to HN, white ; inferior.
848. Olivier Delhomme,|V. Verdier, 1861. Brilliant red, large,
free. ALR. well formed.
849. Ophelia, mod. 7.|Ducher, 1873, Yellow, medium size, full.
850. Ophirie, vig. MV. |Goubault,1844. Nasturtium-yellow, suf- fused with coppery-red, medium size, double; a very distinct sort,but very shy.
. Oriflamme de St./1858. Raised from General Jacqueminot. Panis free, Ae. Brilliant crimson ; resembles the parent, butis inferior to it.
852. Oscar Leclerc, mod.|Robert, 1853. Red, tinged with violet, in
PM, the way of Madame Bouton.
853. pons: mod, #.|/Turner, 1875. Belongs to the Victor Verdier type. Rosy-red, somewhat fragrant, large size; the only one of the type that has perfume.
854. Pzonia, free. H.R.|Lacharme, 1855. Red, very large or large, full, fragrant, a free bloomer ; bushy habit, dark lustrous foliage, numerous pale red thorns, A fine gar- den rose, but not quite up to exhibition
standard, 855. Pallida. P. Feast, 1843. Blush, much resembling Superba. 856. Panache d’Orléans,|Dauvesse, 1854. A sport from Baronne WAS ee Prévost. Identical with the parent
sort, except that the flowers are striped with rosy-white. It is not constant,
soon running back to the original. 7. * Papa Gontier, vig.| Nabonnand, 1883. Rose, shaded yellow, He reverse of petals crimson ; large, semi- double, fragrant, free growing, pro- fuse So ae ; very popular for winter
forcin 858. Paquerette, mod./Guillot fils, 1875. Pure white, about one Pol. inch in diameter, full, prettily formed,
recalling blossoms of the double flower- ing cherry; there are five to seven leaflets, the growth i is slender.
292 THE ROSE.
VARIETY, HABIT
oF GROWTH, AND CLASS. DESCRIPTION.
859. Paul Jamain, free.|Jamain, 1878. Belongs to the Charles
f.R. Lefebvre type. Crimson, slightly tinged with violet-red. Very similar to Charles Lefebvre.
860. ees Joseph, free./Portemer, 1842. Violet-red.
aor aol Nabonnand,|Nabonnand, 1877. Satiny-rose.
ree
862. Paul Neyron, vig.|Levet, 1869. From Victor Verdier X
f7LR, Anne de Diesbach. Deep rose, very
large, very full, somewhat fragrant, free blooming ; ‘the wood is nearly smooth, the foliage tough and endur- ing, somewhat tender, the growth is very upright. The largest variety known, and a very desirable sort for the garden.
863. ne Perras, vig. H.|Pale rose, large, full.
864. Paul Ricaut, free or)/Portemer, 1845. Carmine-crimson, me-
vig. -HiGh. dium size, fine globular form; one of the most beautiful summer roses,
865. Paul Verdier, vig./C. Verdier, 1866. Carmine-red, large,
H.Ch. globular flowers, well built; a splendid
sort. 866. Pauline Lansezeur,|Lansezeur, 1855. Red, shaded with vio- mod. H.R. let-crimson, medium size, free bloom-
ing. 867. Pauline Talabot,|E. Verdier, 1873. Carmine-red. R
free. LR, 868. Peach —Blossom,|/W. Paul, 1874. Belongs to the /udes mod. /7.R. Margottin type. Mottled pink, a fine
color, many imperfect blooms; there are others of this type like Comtesse de Serenye, Egeria,and Marguérite de St. Amande, of nearly the same shade, that are greatly superior.
869. Pearl,dwf. AY.7. |Bennett, 1879. From President X Com- tesse de Serenye. Rosy-flesh, small, full, pretty buds, with a decided Bourbon fragrance ; growth very slender, sub- ject to mildew.
870. * Pearl Rivers, vig.;Dingee & Conard Co., 1890. Large,
16s ivory-white, shaded with clear rose ; fragrant and beautiful.
871. Penelope Mayo,|Davis, 1873. (Sent out by Turner.)
mod. 4.2, Carmine-red, full, well-shaped flowers.
CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 293
VaRIETY, HaBir
OF GROWTH, AND CLass. DESCRIPTION,
872. Perfection de Mon-jLevet, 1871. Yellow, a good Tea, which
plaisir, mod. 7, may be described as an improved Ca- nary, like that sort it is delicate.
873. Perfection des Blan-|Schwartz, 1873. White, a good sort, but
Ghesireens/7./Ve inferior to Coguette des Alpes. 874. Perle ie Angers,|Moreau-Robert, 1879. Blush. mod.
875. * Pais d’ Or, mod.|Dubreuil, 1883. Nankeen-yellow with Pol. orange centre; very dwarf, branching habit, blooming i in clusters of tw enty to
thirty flowers. 876. Perle des Blanches,|Lacharme, 1872. From Blanche Lafitte
mod, “4... xK Sappho. White, inferior to others
of the type. 877. Perle ides Jardins,|Levet, 1874. Canary-yellow, large or heen A, very large, full, well formed, stiff stems,
very free; the "leaflets are five to seven in number, deeply serrated, very dark and glaucous. A superb sort for forc- ing, and fine also in open air.
878. Berle de Lyon, mod.;Ducher, 1872. Yellow with saffron cen- tre, large, full, very fragrant; fully as fine in quality’ as the preceding, but so subject to mildew as to be worthless to ordinary cultivators.
879. Perpetual White/Laffay. Asport from White Damask.
Moss, free. JZ, White, tinged with flesh, flowers in clusters, medium size, semi-double or double, coarse form ; but little mossed, unattractive either in bud or flower; the name is a deception, as it very rarely bloomsin the autumn. Greatly inferior to White Bath, and also Com- tesse de Murinats.
880, ee ceslanvcliow, free.|Introduced from Persia by H. Willock, in 1830. Bright yellow, small, nearly full, well formed ; small foliage, faintly scented like the sweetbrier ; seven leaf- lets; the wood is chocolate brown in color, armed with numerous brown thorns; it is the finest of all hardy yel- low roses. It must not be closely pruned; it is desirable to grow more than one plant, and by pruning one this year, in the usual way, and the other the next, annual crops of flowers may be had. "Does not grow from cuttings.
294 THE ROSE.
VARIETY, HABIT
E e OF GROWTH, AND CLASss, DESCRIPTION
881. Pierre Guillot, mod.|Guillot fils, 1879. Deep red, fragrant and fEL Ie good. 882. Pierre Notting, free.|Portemer, 1863. Deep crimson, tinged ie with violet, large, or very large, fine, globular form, highly scented; the most beautiful dark rose, after Louis Van Houtte. 883. pierre Seletzki. A.|Levet, 1872. Violet-red.
884. Sat Rover, vig.|W. Paul & Son, 1890. Flowers very pale dele Ue pink, deeper 1 in the centre, large, full and expanded; exceedingly sweet ; buds long, clean, and handsome. Of semi-climbing habit. 885. Pius the Ninth, vig. Vibert, 1849. Violet-rose, a very sullied FER. shade, flat form, very full, free bloom- ing, very hardy. 886. Portland Blanche,| Vibert, 1836. White, tinged with flesh, free. Dam. large, very full, flat form; often comes with green centre. 887. Préfet Limbourg,|Margottin fils, 1878. Crimson, tinged
Wika JES with violet, double, or full; a rose of fine color. 888. President. 7. 1860. (Sentout by W. Paul.) See Adam.
889. President Léon de|Lacharme, 1875. Raised from Charles St. Jean,mod. 7.2. Lefebvre. This is simply an inferior Charles Lefebvre, not worthy of cul-
tivation. 890. President Lincoln,}Granger, 1863. Vermilion red, tinged free. ALK. with crimson, the flowers are much like
General Washington, but inferior in quality to that variety, the habit of
growth is stronger. 891. President Mas, free.|Guillot fils, 1865. Raised from 7rzomphe ALR. dev Exposition. Red, shaded with cusen often comes with bad cen-
892. President Schlach- E. verien 1877. Reddish - crimson, ter, free or vig. H.| tinged with violet. VE
893. President Thiers,]Lacharme, 1871. Belongs to the Victor dwf. ALR Verdier type. Carmine-red, one of the darkest colored in the type. 894. Pride of Waltham,|W. Paul, 1881. Belongs to the Victor mod. 7.&. Verdier type. Flesh color, shaded with rose, a deeper shadethan Eugénze Verdier.
CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 295
VARIETY, HABIT
oF GROWTH, AND CLaAss. Bee CX TETION:
895. Prince Arthur, free.|Cant, 1875. Belongs to the General FIR. Jacqueminot type. Deep crimson, smaller but better formed than /acque- minot. 896. Prince Camille de/E. Verdier, 1861. Very deep velvety- Rohan, free. A.R. | crimson, large, moderately full, habit somewhat spreading, shy in autumn. A good rose, of splendid color. 897. Prince de Portia,|/E. Verdier, 1865. Vermilion, large, full, free.) YAAK. well formed, one of the most fragrant, somewhat subject to mildew. A splen- did variety. 898. Prince Humbert,|Margottin, 1867. Crimson, large, well freeormod. A.A. formed, excellent. 899. evince Léon, mod.|Marest, 1852. Rosy-crimson, stiff, short R
Bi wood, goo. Prince of Wales,|Laxton, 1869. (Sent out by G. Paul.) mod. .R. From Louise Peyronny X Victor Ver- dier. Pink, very large, double. gor. Prince Paul Demi-|Guillot fils, 1873. Satiny-rose. doff, free. AR. goz. Prince Prosper |Soupert & Notting, 1880, Salmon-red. d’Aremberg. 7, g03. Princess Adelaide,|Laffay, 1845. Pale rose, medium size, vig. M, not very mossy, but good in bud and flower; dark foliage, which is often variegated. 904. Princess Alice, vig.|W. Paul, 1853. Raised from Luxembourg. MM. Violet-rose, not well mossed. gos. Princess Antoinette|E. Verdier, 1874. Red, large, full, well Strozzio, free. A.R.| formed; slightly in the way of Marze Rady. 906. Princess Beatrice,|W. Paul, 1872. Belongs to the Victor mod, 4.2. Verdier type. Pink, globular flowers ; fades quickly and is not desirable. go7. Princess Charlotte) Lévéque, 1877. Pale-satiny-rose, medium de la Trémouille,) size, full, somewhat fragrant; not of mod. 4... first quality, but very free blooming and therefore of some value. 908. Princess Christian,}W. Paul, 1870. Salmon-rose, does not
mod. ae 7e: open well; worthless. 909. Princess Clemen-|Vibert, 1842. A beautitul white rose, tine, vig. Prov. much resembling, but not equalling. Blanchefleur. gto. Princess Louise,/Laxton, 1869. (Sent out by G, Paul.) mod. H.R. Raised from Mize. Videt X Virginad.
Blush, medium size, good.
EEE EEEEEERERS
2096 THE ROSE,
VARIETY, HaBitT
oF GROWTH, AND CLass. DESCRIPTION,
gt1. Princess Louise Vic-|Knight, 1872. Salmon-pink, medium size,
toria, vig. A.CZ. fine globular form, not fragrant; dark foliage, wood nearly smooth. A splen- did rose.
gtz. Princess Marie Dol-|Gonod, 1878. Raised from A xxe de Dies-
gorouky, free. A.R.| bach. Satiny-rose, very large.
913. Princess Mary of/Granger, 1866. (Sent out by G. Paul.)
Cambridge, mod. #.| From Duchess of Sutherland X Jules R. Margottin. Salmon-pink, often mot- tled; a fine sort, now surpassed by
Countess of Serenye and £yeria. 914. Princess Mathilde,|Liabaud, 1860. (Sent out by Jean Pernet.) mod. “.&. Burgundy-crimson, a lovely shade, me- dium size, double, never full. It seems as though this must be the founder of
the Baron de Bonstetten type.
915. Princess of Wales,|W. Paul 1864. Crimson, cupped form,
fReerseeiee double.
916. Professor Koch,|E. Verdier, 1861. Cherry-red, medium
tree; pA size, double, erect growth, ‘liable to mildew.
917. Pumila, free. MW. |Origin and raiser unknown. Salmon-rose, aonite to have Sa/frano blood, very ree
918. * Puritan, vig. H.7.|Bennett, 1886. Flowers large, often badly formed ; pure white, sweet ; fine foliage.
g1g. Purpurea Rubra, Parpliciired a bad color,
mod. JZ.
gzo. Queen Eleanor,|/W. Paul, 1876. Pink, tinged with ma-
mod. or free. A.2.| genta-red, large, full, well formed ; wood and thorns light ‘green, A very beautiful rose when perfect, but sparsely produced and not reliable.
- Queen of Ayrshires,/Rivers. Violet-crimson, semi-double,
ane Ay small,
922. tee i Bedders,| Noble, 1877. Raised from Szrv /. Pax-
B, ton. Crimson, medium size, very full; a free flowering sort. The color is not very durable.
923. Queen of Bourbons,|Mauger, 1834. Fawn and rose, medium
mod. or dwf. 2. or small size, fragrant, very free, of delicate habit.
924. Paes of Queens.|W. Paul, 1882. ‘‘ Pink with blush edges, large and full, and of perfect form; grows and flowers freely.”
925. Queen of the Bel-) White, small, double.
gians, vig. Ay.
CATALOGUE, (OF VARIETIES. 297
VARIETY, HABIT
DESCRIPTION, OR GROWTH, AND CLASS. 2
926. Queen of the Prai-|Feast, 1843. Rosy-red, frequently with ries, vig. P. white stripe, medium or large size, double ; foliage large, five leaflets, quite deeply serrated, 927. Queen of Waltham,|W. Paul, 1875. Cherry-red, of good size, mod, H.R. very fragrant, does not bloom. till late ; a variety of fair quality. 928. Queen’s Scarlet,|Hallock & Thorpe, 1880. Crimson, seems
mod. Seng. to be an improved Agrippina. g29. Queen _ Victoria,|Fontaine, 1850. (Sent out by W. Paul.) mod. H.R. Raised from La .Rezne. Blush with
pink centre, large, very full, globular; does not open well.
g30. * Rainbow, vig. 7./Sievers, 1891. A sport from fafa Gontzer, resembling that variety, with the exception that the color is lighter, being pink, and with the petals some- what striped or blotched.
gat Dudley Baxter.}W. Paul, 1879. Maroon, large size.
R.
932- ae Dragon, free.|W. Paul, 1878. Crimson, large, rather loose flowers ; not valuable. 934. oO Red Gauntlet, vig./W. Paul & Son, 1881. Bright scarlet- LEI crimson, shaded with deep rose; very large and full. 935. * Red Pet, mod./A miniature rose with dark crimson
Beng. powers produced continuously. 936. aS Rover, vig.|W. Paul, 1863. Red, tinged with crim- SEC, son.
—Red ceuraine, T. |See Safrano 2 fleur Rouge. 937. Reine Blanche,mod./Robert, 1858. White, a shy blooming : sort.
938. Reine Blanche,mod.|Damaizin, 1868. Raised from La Reine. HIG Blush, well formed,
939. Reine Blanche,mod./Crozy, 1869. Raised from Victor Ver- H.R dter. ¥lesh-white, shaded with rose.
940. Reine de Portugal,/Guillot fils, 1867. Coppery-yellow, blend-
mod, 7. ing with rose, large, very full; an emi- nently distinct sort, but does not open well, g41. Reine des Massifs, eae 1874. Salmon-yellow, medium vig 942. Reme des Violettes, Mille. ~Mallet, 1860. Raised from Pus free. H.R the Ninth. Violet-red, a muddy color. 943. Reine du Midi, free|Robert, 1868. The same as La Rezne, Onvign ek, though supposed by some to be larger
and fuller.
298 THE ROSE.
VaRIETY, Hasit
OR GROWTH, AND CLASS. DESCRIPTION.
944. Reine Emma des/Nabonnand, 1879. Yellow, shaded with Pays Bas, free. 7. | reddish-salmon. 945. Reine Maria Pia,/Schwartz, 1880. Raised from Glotre de
Wilkie GIL I Dijon. Deep rose, the centre reddish- crimson.
946. Reine Marie Hen-|Levet,1878. From Mme. BérardX Gen-
Tiette, vison) C2. 2 eral Jacqueminot, Cherry-red,a pure
shade, large, double, somewhat fra-
grant; a beautiful, but rather unpro-
ductive sort.
947. * Reine Nathalie de|Soupert & Notting, 1885. Flesh color, Serbie, vig. TZ: shaded lightly with yellow, large and
full, of good form, very fragrant.
948. * Reine Olga de|Nabonnand, 1881. _ Brilliant red; very Wiirtemburg, vig.| large ; semi-double.
949. Réved’Or, free. WV. Ducher 1869. Buff-yellow, medium size, ull.
g50. Rev. J. 3B. M.j/Turner, 1875 Belongs to the Jules Mar-
Camm,mod. 4.2. | gottin typc. Carmine-rose, a fine en-
during shade, large or medium size,
semi-globular form; one of the most
fragrant and free blooming. A superb
rose. 951. Richard Laxton,|Laxton, 1878. (Sent out by Turner.) freenfwle. Reddish-crimson, large, full; some- what resembles Marechal Vait-
lant.
952. Richard Smith,/E. Verdier, 1861. Belongs to the Gex. mod. #.R. Jacqueminot type. Crimson, tinged with purple, not valuable. 953- Richard Wallace,|Lévéque, 1871. Red, very large; not of nee, VaR first quality, 954. Rivers, free. .&.|Laffay, 1839. Rosecolor, large, flat form, not valuable. 955. Robert Marnock,|G. Paul, 1878. Belongs to the Duke of free or vig. AR. Edinburgh type. Brownish-crimson, double, not free in autumn. 956. * Rosalie, mod. 7.|Ellwanger & Barry, 1884. Raised from seed of Marte Van Houtte. Ofslender yet healthy growth; flower small, a little larger than Paguerette, and of a deep pink color, about the shade of Madame Lambard. Pretty in bud, the flowers being of good substance, and remaining perfect for a long time; fragrant.
CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 299
VARIETY, HABIT
ESCRIPTION, or GROWTH, AND CLass, 2
957. Rose du Roi, mod./Lélieur, 1812. Bright crimson, large, (Crimson ferpet-| double, very fragrant; occasionally
ual.) Dam. blooms in autumn. 958. Rosieriste Harms,|/E. Verdier, 1879. Velvety-red, shaded free. AR. with crimson, slightly resembling Me,
Victor Verdier.
959. Rosieriste Jacobs,|Madame Ducher, 1880. Bright red.
dsey Jee
960. Rosy Morn, dwf.|W. Paul, 1878. Belongs tothe Victor Ver- dier type. Salmon-pink, a deeper shade than Augénite Verdier ; peculiar wood and foliage more like Captain Christy than any other variety. A good rose, but with too many imperfect blooms,
961. Royal Standard,}Turner, 1874. Satiny-rose, tinged with
mod. A.R, lilac, a large, well-formed, globular flower ; but does not open well.
962. Royal Tea, mod, 7.|White, faintly tinged with yellow, long, beautiful buds, delicate habit.
963. Rubens,mod. A.X.|Laffay, 1852. Bright red, a fine color, flowers loose.
964. Rubens, free. * 7, |Moreau-Robert, 1859. Rosy- flesh, deeper at centre, large, full, well formed, fine in the bud. An excellent variety.
965. Rugosa Alba, vig. |A species from Japan, introduced some yearsago, White, large size, five petals, fragrant. A beautiful single rose.
966. Rugosa Rubra, vig.|Also from Japan. Deep rose, tinged with violet, single, fragrant. The flowers are succeeded by very bright colored heps of large size, which in the autumn are exceedingly attractive. The leaflets are nine in number, of dark color, very tough and durable. These Eye kinds are splendid shrubs for bor-
ers.
967. S. Reynolds Hole,|G. Paul, 1872. Maroon, flushed with
mod, scarlet-crimson, medium size, full, well formed; shy in the autumn and sub- ject to mildew. A rose of great beaut but not at all adapted to general culti- vation.
968. Safrano, free, 7. |Beauregard, 1839. Saffron and apricot- yeliow, large, semi-double, exceedingly beautiful in the bud, very free. The seed organs are better developed than in almost any other kind.
ethos
300 SETI IA OSI:
VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND Crass. DISS SITUOR:
969. Safrano a fleur/Oger, 1868. Belongs to the Sa/frano Rouge, mod. (Red| type. Saffron-yellow, shaded with Safrano.) T. coppery-red, semi-double ; a peculiar
scent, not pleasing.
970. aint George, mod.|W. Paul, 1874. Crimson, shaded with
alia purple.
g7t. 2 Salamander, vig. we eel & Son, 1891. ‘‘ Large and full;
R. bright scarlet-crimson, very vivid ia summer ; very free flowering. a
972. Salet, free. P.J. Lacharme, 1854. Light rose, medium size,
flat form, fairly good buds, very free.
The best in the class, after Soupert et
Notting. 973. Sanguinea, mod.|/Crimson, medium or small size. An in- Beng. ferior Agrippina.
974. * Sappho, vig. 7./W. Paul & Son, 1889. Buds medium, full, globular, fawn color, suffused with rose, the opening flowers shaded with yellow and tawny buff. Distinct and handsome; vigorous and free bloom- ing.
975. Sénateur Vaisse,/Guillot pére, 1859. Raised from General
mod, H.R, JSacqueminot, ‘ed, shaded with car- mine-crimson, large, full, well formed, highly scented. A fine rose, but now surpassed by Mons, EF. Y. Teas.
976. Setina, free. 2B. P, Henderson, 1859. A sport from Hev- mosa. Identical with the parent, ex- cept that the habit isa little more vigor- ous.
——Seven Sisters. Mzu/t.|See Gréville.
977. Sir Garnet Wol-|Cranston, 1875. Said to be a seedling
seley, vig. or free.| from Przxzce Camzlle. [We doubt this
JEL parentage.] Nearly identical with J/au- vice Bernardin, the flowers may bea little superior in finish, but they are less freely produced.
978. pe eoseph Paxton,|Laffay, 1852. Deep red, slightly tinged
Bs with violet, medium size, weil formed, non-autumnal.
979. *Snowflake, vig. 7.|Strauss & Co.,1890. Sent out by Strauss & Co., of Washington, D.C.; a very free flowering white rose ; useful in set designs, and as a pot plant.
980. Socrates, free. 7. |Moreau-Robert, 1858. Deep rose tinged with fawn, large or medium size, double or full. Quite a good Tea.
CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 301
VARIETY, HasitT
DESCRIPTION, OF GROWTH, AND CLAss,
981. Sceur des Anges,|/Oger, 1863. Asport from Duchesse d’ Or-
mod. 7.2. Zéans. Flesh, shaded with lilac; not valuable.
982. Solfaterre, vig.|Boyeau, 1843.. Raised from Lamarque.
(Augusta.) NV. Sulphur-yellow, large, double or full,
slightly fragrant. An excellent climb- ing rose, and valuable as a stock on which to bud Teas,
983. Sombreuil, vig. 7.|Moreau-Robert, 1851. Evidently of Bour- bon parentage on one side, Creamy- white, often tinted with pink, large or very large, full, well formed; the har- diest and most vigorous of the white Teas, and free from mildew. A valu- able sort for culture in the open air,
984. Soupert et Notting,|Pernet, 1874. Rosecolor, very large, very
dwf. P.M, ull, globular form, highly scented, not very mossy, a true ever-blooming rose, five leafletsonly. The flowers are some- times malformed, but they are infinitely superior to all others of the same class.
985. Souvenir d’Adolphe|Moreau-Robert, 1877. Raised from Couz-
Thiers,mod. “4.R.| tessof Oxford. Red, tinged with ver- milion, very large.
986. Souvenir d’Auguste|E. Verdier, 1877. Belongs to the Prince
Riviere, free. H.R.) Camille type. Velvety-crimson, 987. Souvenir d’ Elise|Marest, 1855. Flesh color, shaded with Vardon, mod. 7, rosy -salmon, large, full; highly es- teemed in England, but we have never admired it ; refinement is lacking in the
flower. 988. * Souvenir de Clair-|Eugene Verdier, 1891. Large, well vaux, vig. TZ. formed ; buds large, fone ; pinkish-rose ; fragrant. 989. Souvenir de Georges| Madame Ducher, 1876. Salmonand rose, Sand iree 2 reverse of petals tinged with lilac, bad-
ly formed. ggo. Souvenir de Henry|Boll, 1854. A hybrid Scotch. Rose color, Clay, free. S. small or medium size, gives some blooms in the autumn. 991. * Souvenir de Ga-|Guillot fils, 1885. Salmon-white, centre brielle Drevet, vig.| coppery-rose, large and full, very sweet.
Tt. gg2. Souvenir de la Mal-|Béluze, 1843. Supposed to be a seed- maison, mod, JB. ling from Madame Desprez. Flesh shaded with fawn, large, very full, flat form, rich foliage. A splendid rose.
302 THE ROSE.
VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS. DESCRIPTION.
993. Souvenir de _ la/Cochet, 1855. Raised from La Rezne. Reine d’Angleterre,} Bright rose, very large, double ; shy in vig. or free. AR. autumn.
994. Souvenir dela Reine|Cochet, 1855. Carmine-red, medium size,
des Belges, mod. or} good color, rather tender. frees Alef
995- coe de Laffay.|E. Verdier, 1878. Violet-crimson.
996. Souvenir de Leveson|Guillot pére, 1852. Deep-rose, very large, Gower, free. H.R. | double or full, fine flowers; quite ten- der, and subject to mildew. 997- Souvenir de Louis/E. Verdier, 1876. Bright crimson, some- Van Houtte, free.| times tinged with violet, well formed, ite quite a good rose. 998. Souvenir de Mme.|Moreau-Robert, 1876. Raised from /wdes Robert, free or vig.| Margottiz. Salmon-pink. H.R
999. * Souvenir de Ma-|Bonnaire, 1890. Large, finely formed ; dame _ Sablayrolles,| creamy-white, tinged with silvery-rose ; Vite ed fragrant.
1000. Souvenir de Marie|Madame Ducher, 1877. Salmon rose ; of Détrey, free. 7. inferior quality, not worth growing. zoor. Souvenir de Mons.|Boyeau, 1866. Cherry-red, large, very Boll, mod. or free.| full.
ALR
1002. Souvenir de Mons.|Madame Ducher, 1881. Carmine-rose, Droche. 4.R. double. 1003. Souvenir de Paul|Levet, 1871. Said to be a seedling from Neyron, mod. 7Z. the Noisette Ophirze. Pale salmon- yellow, medium or small size ; rather a good rose, but too delicate to be gener- ally useful. aarp 1004. Souvenir de Pierre|A. Levet, 1876. Red, large, globular Dupuy, vig. WH.| flowers, well formed, fragrant.
1005. Souvenir de Mme.|Pernet, 1875. Tender rose, the base of Pernet, vig. TZ. petals tinged with yellow, large loose flowers, sparsely produced. A distinct but not valuable sort. 1006. Souvenir de Spa,|Gautreau, 1873, Raised from Mme. Vic- mod. AR. tor Verdier. Bright red, shaded with crimson, well formed. 1007. *Souvenir de Victor|Bonnaire, 1886. China rose, centre cop- Hugo, vig. 7. pery ; large, full, and distinct. r008. Souvenir de Victor|E. Verdier, 1878. Red, shaded with vio- Verdier, free or mod.| let-crimson, a well-formed, good rose. FI.R.
— ss mmmansmnsee eens
CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 303
VariETy, Hasit
DESCRIPTION. oF GROWTH, AND Cass. aay
100g. Souvenir de Wm./E, Verdier, 1864. Belongs to the Prince Wood, mod. A.R. Camille type. A fine, very dark crim- son, not equalling Prince Camzlle, roro, Souvenir d’un Ami, Bélot, 1846. Rose, tinged with salmon, free. Z. very large, full, highly perfumed; an old favorite which yet retains its high rank, ro1r. Souvenir du Comte|Margottin, 1861. Red, shaded with crim- ge Cavour,mod. #.| son.
1orz, Souvenir du Dr.|Lacharme, 1865. Raised from Charles
Jamain, free. H.R.| Lefebvre. Plum color, shaded with deep crimson.
x013. Souvenir du Prési-|/T. Grangé, 1880. (Sent out by Vigneron.)
ead Porcher, mod.} Raised from Victor Verdier. Deep
rose ro14. * Souvenir du Ro-|Jean Ducher, 1890. Very large, full, and sieriste Gonod, vig.| well formed ; cerise, veined with bright
ISIS rose ; fragrant. Forces well. rors. *Souvenir de Woot-/Cook, 1888. A red hybrid Tea from seed ton, vig. 4.7. of ‘Bon Szléne, fertilized with Louzs
Van Houtte; plant vigorous with fine foliage; free blooming; buds of good size on strong shoots; of arich red color and extremely fragrant. If the buds were longer this would be a very valu- able variety for forcing. 1016, Standard of Maren-|Guillot pére, 1851. Rosy-crimson,double, go, vig. ALR. fragrant. 1017. Stanwell Perpet-|Lee. Blush, medium size, double, deli- ual, mod. 5S. cately scented, foliage very small, nine to eleven leaflets ; dark reddish-brown wood, numerous small spines, A hy- brid which blooms in the autumn. 1018, Star of Waltham,|W. Paul, 1875. Carmine-crimson, medium mod. ordwf. A.&.| size, semi-globular, full, fragrant ; very large foliage, smooth green wood, with occasionalred thorns. A good rose but not reliable. torg. Stéphanie - et-Ro- Levet, 1880, Raised from Glotre de Di- dolphe, vig. Cl.7. | jon. Orange-yellow. Sa aa mod. Daye 1869. Sulphur-yellow, medium
to21, Sultan of Zanzibar, G. Teal 1875. Crimson-maroon, in the mod. 4.2. style of §. Reynolds Hole; very un- healthy habit. 1022, Superba, vig. P, |Feast, 1843. Pink, becoming blush, small, full, pretty.
304 THE ROSE,
VARIETY, HaBiT
OF GROWTH, AND CLAss. DESCRIPTION,
1023. *Suzanne Blanchet,/ Nabonnand, 1886. Rose tinted with flesh Wee Le color ; large and of fine form; very fragrant.
1024. Sydonie, vig. H.R.|Dorisy, 1846. Rose color, medium size, very full, quartered form, very free blooming, very hardy; five to seven leaflets, red thorns, its poor shape de- stroys its usefulness.
roz5. * T. W. Girdle-)/A. Dickson & Sons, 1890. Very large,
stone, vig. AR. perfectly symmetrical in form ; brilliant carmine, base of petals shaded with
; lake; very fragrant. 1026. Tatiana Oneguine, Lévéque, 1881. Raised from Llizabeth
hee, SALI Vigneron. Carmine-red. 1027. The Shah, free.jG. Paul, 1874. Raised from Duke of H.R. Edinburgh. Red, shaded with bright
crimson, rather small, full; a shy bloomer, and subject to "mildew. 1028. Théodore Bullier,|E. Verdier, 1879. Carmine-red, tinged freee ele with violet-crimson. _ 1029. Thérese Genevay.|Levet, 1875. Rose, tinged with fawn.
1030. Thomas Methven,|E. Verdier, 1869. Red, tinged with vel-
PECs plete vety-crimson, good size, well formed ; a fine rose.
1031. Thomas Mills, vig.|E. Verdier, 1873. Rosy-crimson, very
ortrees) pAa Rk. large, double; a good garden variety.
1032. Thyra Hammerich, Ledéchaux, 1868. Raised from Duchess mod. or free. H.R.| of Sutherland. Rosy-flesh, large, well formed ; distinct and good. 1033. Triomphe d’Ami-|Mille- Mallet, 1861. A sport from Gez- ens, vig. H.R. eral Jacquemitnot. Crimson, some- times marbled and striped with carmine- purple, but generally like the parent ; not valuable. 1034. Triomphe d’An-|Moreau-Robert, 1863. Rich crimson, suf- gers, mod. H.R, fused with purple. 1035. Triomphe _ de|Oger, 1853. Reddish-crimson, double, Beauté, free. A7.R.| somewhat resembles General Jacqgue- yitnot, but much inferior. 1036. Triomphe de Caen,/Czer, 1862. Crimson, tinged with purple, dwf.ormod. A.#.| a non-permanent "shade, not desir- able. 1037. Triomphe de/Margottin, 1875. Carmine-red, very France, dwf. A.X.| large, very full, flat, fragrant; a fine sort, but not reliable, and of such poor growth as to destroy its value.
CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 305
VARIETY, HABIT
DESCRIPTION, OF GROWTH, AND CLASS. SCeuier
1038. Triomphe de Jaus-|Crimson, large loose flowers, wood armed sens, free. /7. with short dark spines. 1039. Triomphe de |’Ex-|Margottin, 1855. Reddish-crimson, large, position, free. 7.h.| rather coarse flowers, fragrant, numer- ous red thorns, hardy; occasionally comes very fine, but generally the quality is inferior. 1040, Triomphe de Mi-|Madame Ducher, 1876. White, suffused
lan, mod. 7. with pale yellow, without fragrance; a fine rose, similar, but inferior, to Marie Guzllot. to41. * Triomphe de Per-|Pernet pere, 1891. Bright red; buds net pére, vig. 7. long. 1042. Triomphe de Ren-|Lansezeur, 1857. From Lamargque. nes, free. JV. Canary -yellow, the centre tinged with
salmon, large or very large, full, good.
1043. Triomphe de Tou-|Brassac, 1874. Red, shaded with violet- louse. “7.2. crimson,
1044. Triomphe _ des|Fontaine, 1857. Raised, from General Beaux Arts, free or] /acguemznot. An inferior likeness of Wile Jal/k& the parent.
1045. Triomphe des Ros-|Gonod, 1873. Belongs to the General omanes, vig. “7.2. | /Jacguemznot type. Crimson, tinged
with purple, fragrant, and of fair qual- ity ; a good seed-bearer.
1046. Triomphe du Lux-}Hardy, 1836. (Sent out by Madame
embourg, free. 7. Pean.) Buff-rose, large, good in the bud, of healthy habit; a desirable sort.
1047. Triumphant, vig.|/Pierce, 1850, Rosy-pink, medium size, 12, double or full, distinct ; seven leaflets are common. 1048. Ulrich Briinner,}Levet, 1881. Raised from Paul Neyron. vig, H.R. Cherry-red. Unique. MM. See White Bath.
—_1049. Unique, vig.|/Grimwood, 1778. White, a good rose,
(White Provence.)| similar but inferior to Madame Hardy. Prov. 1050, Vainqueur de Sol-|Damaizin, 1859. Belongs to the Giant ferino,mod. A.A. of Battles type. Red, shaded with purplish-crimson, to51. Wallée de Chamou-|Ducher, 1873. Coppery-yellow and rose.
nix, mod. 7. medium size. 1052. * Vick’s Caprice,| James Vick, 1889. A sport from Arch- vig. ALR, duchesse ad’ Autriche. Large, pink,
striped and dashed with white and car- mine ; vigorous and free blooming.
—. - — —
20
306 THE ROSE.
VARIETY, HaBitT
OF GROWTH, AND C iass. DESCRIPTION.
1053. Vicomte Maison,|Fontaine, 1868. Cherry-red, double,
Waleey Sahl fades quickly, straggling habit. to54. Vicomte WVigier,}E. Verdier, 1861. Maroon-tinged with freenmmeE Ke violet, a well-formed, globular flower. 1055. Vicomtesse de|Pradel, 1844. Coppery-yellow, rather Cazes, dwf. 7. loose form, very delicate habit.
1056. Victor Puliiat,mod.|Ducher, 1870. Pale yellow, long buds, Tes quite a good Tea. 1057. Victor Trouillard.}Trouillard, 1856. (Sent out by Standish TalJK & Noble. ) Crimson and purple. 1058. Victor Verdier,| Lacharme, 1852. Bright rose, with car- mod. /.2. mine centre, a very fresh shade, but not permanent, semi-globular form, of good size, not fragrant ; very free, the wood is all but smooth, ‘the foliage lus- trous. This variety is doubtless of Bourbon origin ; it isa beautiful rose, but with its entire progeny is more ten- der than any other types in the class, tosg. Villaret de Joy-|Damaizin, 1874. Bright rose, well formed. shee
euse, free.
1060. Ville de St. Denis,/Thouars, 1853. From La Keine. Car- ipeee, al Ke mine-rose.
1061. Violette Bouyer,|Lacharme, 1881. From /a#les Margottin free or vig. AR. x Sombreul, White, tinged with pink.
1062. Virgil, free. /7..|Guillot pere, 1870. (Sent out by W. Paul.) Pink, tinged with lavender, not valua- ble.
1063. Viridiflora, free.|Green flowers, of no beauty whatsoever,
(Viridiscens.) Beng.| only sought for as a curiosity. 1064. Virginale, mod. //.|Lacharme, 1858. White, with flesh cen- LE tre, medium size, double or full, well formed ; a good rose, but of very deli- cate habit.
1065. Viscountess Fal-|Bennett, 1879. From President x Sou-
mouth, dwf. H.7. | pert et Notting. Mottled rose, the ex- terior of petals with a silvery lustre, very large, very full, globular, having the intense fragrance of Soupert et Notting, and like that variety inclined to come malformed. The wood is very thorny, the shoots slender.
1066. * Viscountess|Bennett, 1887, Creamy-pink ; large, full,
Foleston vig. #.| sweet.
1067. iWueae, mod. //.|E. Verdier, 1862. Rich crimson, double, IK well formed ; a rose of splendid color,
CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 307
VARIETY, HaBIT
TION. OF GROWTH, AND Ciass, Diese suie
1068. W. A. Richardson,|Madame Ducher, 1878. Orange-yellow,
vig. WV. medium size, of fair quality. to69. W. Wilson Saun-|G. Paul, 1874. Belongs to the Charles ders, mod. /7.X. Lefebvre type. May be briefly de- eles as an uferior Charles Le-
Sebur
to7o. * Waban, mod. 7.\E. M. Wied & Co., 1891. A sport from Catharine Mermet, resembling it in every respect except in color, which is a rich, bright, clear pink. With some growers this variety has proved a suc- cess, while with others it has not done well. It often grows one-sided.
1o71. Washington, vig.|Stewart (of Philadelphia). White, me- dium size, loose flowers, poor.
1072. White Banksia,|Brought to "England from China in 1807.
vig. Bs. Pure white, small full flower, violet- scented,
1073. White Baroness,|G. Paul, 1882. A sport from Baroness
mod. /7.R. Rothschild. Unlike Mabel Morrison,
this is quite as full a rose as the parent, and it is pure white ; in other respects, as vigor of growth, etc., it is identical with Baroness Rothschild. We saw this in flower at Cheshunt during the summer of 1880, and were greatly im- pressed with its merit. 1074. White Bath, mod.|Salter. A sport from the Common. or free. (Unzgue.)| White, sometimes tinged with flesh, M. attractive in bud and open flower; gen- erally five leaflets, of straggling habit, Much the best white moss. —White Provence.|See Unique.
Prov. 1075. eae Bon Siléne,|F. Morat, 1883. A sport from the well- vig. known Bon Siléne. Of a pearly white-
ness, vigorous and free flowering. 1076. * White Lady,mod.|W. Paul & Son, 1889. Flowers large, 55 Tle beautiful semi-cupped form; creamy-
white. 1077. * William F. Ben-|Bennett, 1885. Beautiful glowing crim- nett, vig. 2. son, similar to Gen. Jacquenitnot, with
a bud similar to Niphetos ; very frag- rant; a very free bloomer, but only a moderate grower. 1078. William Griffith,]/Portemer, 1850. Pink, much resembling fees eae. | Countess C. de Chabrillant, but the
308 THE ROSE. er
VARIETY, HaBirT
OF GROWTH, AND Ciass. DESCRIPTION.
flowers are somewhat smaller, the wood smoother, and in habit it is more vigor- ous, but also much more liable to in- jury from the cold. 1079. William Jesse,free.|Laffay, 1840. Red, suffused with violet, TIT. in the way of Pius the Ninth. An undesirable sort. 1080, William Koelle,|Pernet, 1878. Raised from Alfred Co- mod. 4.2. lom6, The flowers are nearly or quite the same shade as those of the parent, the habit is partially that of Chardes
Lefebvre. zo0 x yWvullians Lobb, free.|Laffay, 1855. Violet-red, not an attrac- tive sort. acne "William WERE, Mitchell & Son, 1878. A sport from Water, SEI Madame Clemence Joigneaux. Pink
flowers, the habit, etc., is the same as that of the parent. 1083. Woodland Mar-|J. Pentland, 1859. White, sometimes
guerite, vig. JV. with flesh, medium size ; of fair quality. 1084, Xavier Olibo, mod.|Lacharme, 1864. Said to be from Gen. ordwf. .R. Jacqueminot. Very deep, rich crn
son, large flowers, moderately full; superb rose. 1085. Yellow Banksia,|Brought to England from China in 1827.
Vigey ae. Like White Banksia, except the color, which is clear yellow. Yellow Tea. 7. See Flavescens.
1086. Yolande d’Aragon,|Vibert, 1843. Lilac-rose, flat form, strag- RSS Leh gling habit ; worthless.
INDEX:
Aphis, The, 88.
Austrian Roses, 33. Autumnal Roses, 42, 51, 129. Ayrshire Roses, 28. Banksia Roses, 28. Bedding Roses, 127. Bengal Roses, 51.
Best Roses, The, 134. Books on Roses, v. 199. Bourbon Roses, 52. Boursault Roses, 29.
Boxes for Exhibiting, 109. Brier, The, as a Stock, 104. Budded Roses, 102. Cabbage Rose, The. 40. Catalogue of Varieties, 228. Caterpillars, 92.
Champney Roses, 44. China Roses, 51. Classification, 25.
Climbing Roses, 28, 42, 130. Climbing Tea Roses, 49. Cuttings, 99, 114.
Damask Roses, 32. Descriptions, 174. Diseases, 87.
Fglantine, The, 41. Evergreen Roses, 29. Exhibiting Fose,107.
Exhibition Roses, The Best, 132.
Failure, Causes of, 72. Fairy Roses, 52.
Tamilies of Roses, 28. Free-blooming koses, 130. Forcing Roses, 114, 129. Fragrant Roses, 131. French Roses, 34.
Grafting, 105.
Green Fly, 88.
Habit of Growth, 230 Hardy Roses, 131. Hellebore, 92.
Hybrid China Roses, 35. Hybrid Climbing Roses, 3-, :2. Hybrid Noisette Roses, 54. Hybrid Perpetual Roses, 55. Hybrid Remontant Roses, 55. Hybrid Tea Roses, 58. Insects, 87.
Leaf Roller, 92.
Layers, 105.
Mail, Plants by, 77. Manetti, The, as a Stock, rou, Manures, 83.
May Bug, 94.
Microphylla Roses, 44. Mildew, ¥o.
Monthly Koses, 42.
Moss Roses, 39.
Multiflora Roses, 28. Night-soil, 84.
Noisette Roses, 44.
Old and New Roses, 203. Own Roots, 99.
310
INDEX.
Pegged-down Roses, 127. Permanent Colors, 162. Perpetual Roses, 42. Perpetual Moss Roses, 62. Pillar Roses, 35.
Planting, 76.
Polyantha Roses, 47.
Position for Planting, 71. Pot-culture, 114.
Potting Roses, 115.
Prairie Roses, 29. Propagation, 99.
Protection, 64.
Provence Roses, 38.
Pruning, 76.
Quassia, 89.
Raisers of the Best Roses, 134. Raising New Varieties, 186. | Rose Bug, The, 93.
Rose Chafer, The, 93.
Rose Slug, The, 93.
Rose Hopper, The, ot.
Roses for Special Purposes, 127. Roses under Glass, 114.
Red Spider, The, go.
Rossing Roses, 42.
Sawfly, 93.
Sarmentous Roses, 26.
Scotch Roses, 39.
Seed Parents, 156.
Seedling Roses, 177.
Similar Varieties, 165.
Soils, 71.
Solfaterre as a Stoclr, 46.
Stocks, 104.
Suckers, 103.
Sulphur, 89, Of.
Summer Roses, 28.
Sweet-Brier, The, 4r.
Tea Roses, 63.
Technical Terms, 67.
Thrips, gr..
Tobacco, for Fumigating, 89.
Tagomicnallee Roses, 162.
Typical Roses, 174.
Varieties for Special Purposes, 127.
When to Plant, 76.
White Grub, 94.
Yellow Roses, 24.
iia |
000091993¢4