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EXPÉDITION ANTARCTIQUE BELGE

RÉSULTATS

DU

VOYAGE DU S. Y. BELGICA

EN 1897-1898-1899

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SOUS LE COMMANDEMENT DE

A. DE GERLACHE DE GOMERY

RAPPORTS SCIENTIFIQUES

PUBLIES AUX FRAIS DU GOUVERNEMENT BELGE, SOUS LA DIRECTION

DE LA

COMMISSION DE LA BELGICA

ZOOLOGIE

CIRRIPEDIA

BY

P. P. C. HOEK

ANVERS

IMPRIMERIE J.-E. BUSCHMANN

REMPART DE LA PORTE DU RHIN
I907

CIRRIPEDIA

BY

P. P. C. HOEK

R 53

Sorti des presses de J.-E. BUSCHMANN, Anvers
le 3 Juin 1907.

CIRRIPEDIA

BY

P. P. C. HOEK

INTRODUCTION

The collection of Cirripedia made during the cruise of the S. Y. Belgica contains three
species : one species of the genus Balanus, one of Elminius and one of Vernica. The Balanus-
and Elminius-species were collected, during shore exploration, in the Magellan countries ; the
Vermca-species was taken with tangles (fauberts) at a depth of over 5oo meters at about
700 lat. S. Whereas the first two are well known forms belonging to the South-American coastal
fauna, the third is a true antarctic deep-sea species which has never been described before.

The coastal waters of subantarctic South-America do not seem to be very rich in
species of Cirripedia. When describing the Cirripedia of the Hamburg Magellanic Collecting
Voyage ('), Weltner (in 1898) enumerated 17 species (2) as belonging to the subantarctic Fauna
of South-America, but of thèse 9 only belong to the coastal fauna of that région, viz. 1 species
of Elminius (E. Kingi, J. E. Gray), 5 species of Balanus (B. floscidus Darwin, var. sordidus
Darwin, B. improvisas Darwin, B. laevis Bruguière, B.psittacus (Molina) and B. tintinnabulum (L.),
var. communis Darwin), 2 of Chthamalus (C. cirratus Darwin and C. scabrosus Darwin) and 1
Verruca (V. laevigata G. B. Sowerby) ; the other species are deep-sea species or hâve as true
pelagic animais a world-wide distribution.

Nor is the number of known antarctic species of Cirripedia large, the only species so far
as I know being the Scalpellum collected near the South Polar Circle, during the cruise of the
English man of war Challenger, for which I proposed the name Scalpellum antarcticum (3).

(1) Hamburger Magalhaenische Sammelreise. Cirripedien, bearbeitet von Dr. W. Weltner. Hamburg,
L. Friedrichsen & C°, 1898.

(2) Moreover one parasitical form (Peltogaster) and one of Darwin's Abdominalia (Cryptophialus).

(3) Report on the scientifîc results of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger. Zoology, Vol. VIII, Part. XXV.
Report on the Cirripedia, i883.

45985

EXPEDITION ANTARCTIQUE BELGE

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES

i. — Balanus laevis Bruguière

There are two sets of very small spécimens of a Balanus, which being quite young I think
it would be very difficult to détermine with certainty but for the very characteristic shape of
their scutum. The deep longitudinal furrow of that valve is very distinctly developed and
extends down towards the actual basai margin. They hâve conical shells with the surface
naked and white, with a small orifice and very narrow radii. There is only one slightly larger
spécimen, the greatest diameter of its basis measuring 3 mm., and in this spécimen the
whiteness of the surface is not so apparent ; ail the other spécimens — ail together about a
dozen — are much smaller, their basis measuring from not quite i to about 1.5 mm. and
thèse hâve ail perfectly naked and white shells.

This species has been collected at différent places along the coast of South-America :
Peru, Chili, Tierra del Fuego. According to Darwin it occurs moreover in California and
Weltner (') makes mention of spécimens from Brasil. Darwin distinguished, besides the
typical form, two varieties ; but the little animais collected by the Belgica seem to belong to
the typical form as described by Darwin.

Both lots were collected Lapataïa, Beagle Canal, Tierra del Fuego, Argentine, December
24th, 1897. The one was found on the rocks amidst calcareous Algae and Serpulidae, at the level
of high water. The other lot was taken from the carapace of Halicarcinus planatus.

2. — Elminius Kingi J. E. Gray

This species was met with on two différent occasions : once at Hope Harbour (Clarence
Island) and once at Lapataïa (Beagle Canal). It is a very characteristic form and is represented
by numerous spécimens from both localities.

Darwin knew this species from Tierra del Fuego, the Falklands Islands and Chiloë ;
Weltner (1. c.) names also Puerto Mont (Chili) as one of the localities from which the Berlin
Muséum has spécimens ; Gruvel (2) adds Puntas-Arenas and Orange Bay to the list. They are
ail places situated in sub-antarctic South-America and the distribution of this species seems
to be limited, therefore, to the southern part of this continent.

With regard to its occurrence at the two stations where it was collected during the cruise
of the S. Y. Belgica, the following annotations were made :

Hope Harbour, Clarence Island, Magdalen Sound, Magallanes, Chili. December I4th,
1897. Covers the rocks complet ely, hère and there, at high water level.

Lapataïa, Beagle Canal, Tierra del Fuego, Argentine. December 24th, 1897. Very
common on the rocks, the Patellas, and especially the Mytili which form continuous layers
round the Bay, at half-tides level. Also very common on the rocks, at highwater level.

(1) Wei.tner, W., Verzeichnis der beschriebenen Cirripedienarten. Archiv f. Naturgeschichte, 1897, I, S. 2Ô3.

(2) Gruvel, A., Monographie des Cirrhipèdes. Paris, 1905, p. 294.

CIRR1PEDIA

3. — Verruca mitra n. sp.

With four figures)

Shell white, surface smooth, with prominent lines of growth and very distinct articulating
ridges. Wall formed by the hxed scutum and tergum nearly perpendicular to the surface of
attachment ; that formed by the rostrum, the carina and movable valves inclined and meeting
the hxed valves at a sharp edge ; base rather broad, oval. Movable scutum with two articular
ridges, apex pointed not projecting freely ; movable tergum also with two ridges and the apex
rounded. Rostrum and carina large, broad, so as to form part of the wall at the side of the
fixed scutum and tergum. Apex of the rostrum and carina projecting freely beyond the surface
of the shell, that of the carina distinctly recurved.

This beautiful deep-sea species is represented by two spécimens, the one about three
times as large as the other. Though the smallest in nearly every regard resembles the larger,
for the description the latter is used especially.

The surface of the shell is naked, there being no trace of a chitinous membrane. The
shell is beautifully white and looks as if it was eut out of ivory ; lines of growth on ail the valves
very distinct and the so-called articular ridges prominent.

Seen from above the total shape of the shell is that of an oblique pyramid, inclining with
its tip towards the side of the hxed scutum and tergum and also towards that of the carina. As
the base of the shell is irregularly oval, the lower part of the pyramid is more like a flattened
conus ; but the upper part, when seen from above, shows three nearly flat sides : one formed
by the movable scutum and tergum, one by the rostral half of the fixed scutum and one by the
other half of that valve combined with the fixed tergum. Seen from the side of the movable
valves the shell is almost symmetrical and has a certain likeness to a cap or bonnet, the carina
and rostrum forming the wider under part, the movable scutum and tergum the conical central
part and the tip of the cap.

Fig. i

Verruca mitra, n. sp., seen from the side of the movable scutum and tergum. Magnified 10 diameters.
5 = movable scutum ; t = movable tergum ; r = rostrum ; c — carina.

EXPEDITION ANTARCTIQUE BELGE

The movable scutum is rather large, though not inconsiderably smaller than the movable
tergum. It has the ordinary triangular shape. Its occludent margin is curved and forms with the
tergal margin a pointed, slightly beaked apex. The basai margin is straight ; its length equals
two thirds of the length of the tergal margin. The latter describes an irregular Une : in its
under part it has two excavations, in which fit the extremities of the articular ridges of the
tergum, and between thèse two excavations the one ridge of the scutum forms itself a tooth-
like projection ; the upper part of the tergal margin shows a little protubérance which fits into
a shallow excavation of the scutal margin of the tergum. The scutum has two well developed
articular ridges which run from the basi-tergal corner nearly to the apex of the valve. The
growth ridges run parallel to the basai margin in the main part of the valve and nearly parallel
to the tergal margin in the smaller part which is situated between one of the articular ridges
and the tergal margin.

The movable tergum is broad and its shape is irregularly quadrangular. Two of its sides
form together the occludent margin and meet in a rounded angle ; the third side is the nearly
straight basai margin, the length of which equals that of the scutal margin. The latter fits with
its teeth and excavations into the corresponding excavations and teeth of the tergal margin of
the scutum. The surface of the valve is furnished with two distinct ridges : the axial ridge is
the most prominent, it widens downwards and projects distinctly at the scutal-basal point ol
the valve. The other articular ridge runs close to the axial ridge ; it is less prominent but it
widens also downwards. The part of the valve situated between the latter ridge and the occlu-
dent margin is slightly hollowed out but there is no trace of a third ridge in this part of the
valve.

FlG. 2

Same animal, seen from the side of the fixed scutum and tergum. Magnified 10 diameters.
s' = fixed scutum ; f = fixed tergum ; r = rostrum ; c = carina.

The fixed scutum is shorter, but considerably broader towards the base than the tergum.
It consists of two triangular portions meeting along a curved Une and describing together an
obtuse angle. Both portions show very distinct lines of growth and are beaked at the apex.
The occludent margin is curved and furnished with a slightly upturned marginal rim ; the
terginal margin is hollowed out and furnished with a kind of radius projecting over the edge

CIRRIPEDIA

of the fixed tergum. This radius has a triangular shape, broad at its base and sloping towards
the upper extremity.

The fixed tergum is irregularly rhombiform, or, more precisely as the basai margin though
narrow may not be overlooked, elongated pentagonal. Its apex is bluntly beaked. It consists of
three portions — a middle and two latéral. The middle portion is narrow, pointed at the apex
and increases in width towards the base ; it forms a kind of rim projecting over the surface of
the two latéral portions, which do not lie exactly in the same plane but describe together a very
obtuse angle. Thèse latéral portions are of nearly equal size and both ofa triangular form.
One is placed between the rim and the scutal margin with the occludent margin short and
slightly hollowed out ; the Unes of growth of this portion run parallel to the scutal margin. The
other portion fits in between the rim and the carina ; its occludent margin is longer and slightly
curved and its Unes of growth run parallel to its basai margin and the free edge of the carina.

The rostrum and the carina though exhibiting by far their largest portions at the side of
the movables valves (Fig. i) form also part of the wall at the other side of the shell. Both valves
project freely — the carina more so than the rostrum — beyond the edge formed by the scutum
and the tergum. The projecting portion of the carina is distinctly recurved, whereas that of the
rostrum is nearly straight. The lines of growth of both valves are very distinct, they are
irregularly parallel to one another and to the basai margins of the valves.

Both valves are furnished with a double articular ridge, separated from one another by
a distinct longitudinal furrow. They hâve in both valves about the same direction, running from
the base of the valve near the place where the rostrum meets the carina and vice versa towards
the apex. In the rostrum the upper of this double ridge forms the margin of the valve along the
base of the movable scutum ; in this valve the under extremities of both ridges project like teeth
fitting into excavations of the rostral margin of the carina. In the carina the double ridge is
separated from the slightly curved upper (or tergal) margin by a triangular portion, which is
rather broad where it meets the rostrum and terminâtes in a point at the apex of the valve. The
upper ridge of the rostrum terminâtes also in a tooth-like projection which fits into the exca-
vation between the two teeth of the cannai margin of the rostrum.

Fig. 3

Same animal seen from the side of the fixed scutum
and tergum and parti}- from underneath. Magni-
fied 4.4 diameters.

The circumference of the shell, seen from underneath.
Magnified 10 diameters. s', f, c and r as in figure 2.

EXPEDITION ANTARCTIQUE BELGE

Basis. Both spécimens were received loosened from the surface of attachment so that
their basis could not be investigated. Its shape is broad oval : the interspace betvveen the
parietes grows wider in the under part of the shell and thèse parietes extend moreover slightly
above the basai margin.

Size. The greatest diameter of the shell at the base is, in the largest spécimen, not quite
6 mm., the height of the shell is nearly 5 mm.

The structure of the animal's body has not been studied. It would hâve been necessary
to sacrifice the larger spécimen for that purpose and this was not thought désirable. In many
regards this structure would hâve been found, most probably, similar to that of Verruca gibbosa
Hoek, of which a rather extensive description is given at p. i3y-i3S of the Report on the
Cirripedia collected during the cruise of the Challenger, i883.

This species was taken in the Antarctic Région, October i8th, 1898. It was caught with
the Faubert Nr VIII, at about lat. 700 S. and long. 8o°48' W. The depth at that place will
hâve been about 555 m. to judge from the depth of the two nearest places for which the
depth is given.

Observation regarding the relation of the présent species to the other species of the genus
Verruca. The deep-sea species of Verruca bear a great resemblance to one another and as
diagnosis and description hâve often been given based on a single spécimen, or at most very
scanty material, some at least of the species described may in future turn out to be synonyms
only ('). On the other hand it might easily lead to confusion in our knowlegde of the geogra-
phical distribution of the différent species, when a form from a spécial locality was identified
with a species from another locality, so long as doubt as to their identity is allowed. In the
présent case I thought, therefore, there was sufficient reason to describe as a new species the
animal collected by the Belgica. Its most characteristic features are, I think, the gênerai shape
of the animal as a whole, the absence of the so-called « first » articular ridge from the scutum
and the great dimensions of the rostrum and the carina which, in conséquence, form part of
the wall of the animal at the side of the fixed scutum and tergum also. Only investigation of
a much richer material can prove whether thèse features really hold good to distinguish this
form from the by ail means nearly related species : Verruca gibbosa and Verruca quadrangularis,
both species described by the présent author from animais collected by the Challenger in the
Southern Atlantic.

With regard to the geographical distribution of the known species of Verruca the following
may find a place hère : in ail 25 species (2) of this genus hâve been described, viz. 18 in the
North Atlantic, 3 in the South- Atlantic, 1 (coastal form) Tierra del Fuego etc., 1 (the présent
species) South Polar région, 1 Pacific (near Kermadec Islands) and 1 South of the Philippines.

(1) Aurivillius and Gruvel describe 10 différent species of Verruca as occurring near the Azores, for example ;
between some of thèse the différences seem to be very sniall...

(1) Since this was written, I received a paper of Gruvel (Cirrhipèdes operculés de l'Indian Muséum de
Calcutta) published in the Memoirs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Vol. II, N° I, 1907, in which 4 new species of
Verruca are described. They were collected near the Andaman Isls. (Bay of Bengal) and near Malacca Strait.

(Note during press)

CIRRIPEDIA

The North Atlantic species hâve the following distribution :

i (V. strômia O. Miïller) North Sea coasts, Mediterranean etc. : coastal form.

i (V. magna Gruvel) Golfe de Gascogne : deep-sea species.

10 (V. erecta Gruvel, cornuta Aurivillius, sculpta Auriv., crcnata Auriv., aequalis Auriv.,
tnsulcata Gruv., inermis Auriv., costata Auriv., recta Auriv., linearis Gruv.) Azores : deep-sea
species.

i (V. obliqua Hoek) Off South West point of Spain : deep-sea species.

i (V. Spengleri Darwin) Madeira : shallow water (?).

i (V. radiata Gruvel) Canaries : gi2 m.

i (V. longicarinata Gruvel) Sargasso Sea : deep-sea species.

i (V . nexa Darwin) West-Indies : shallow water (?).

i (V. striata Gruvel) Cape de Verde Islands : 600 m.

Thé South Atlantic species are :

V . gibbosa Hoek, lat. 480 3y' S., long. 55° 17' W., i863 m.

V . quadrangularis Hoek, lat. 35° 3g' S., long. 5o° 47' W., 3420 m.

V. incerta Hoek, lat. 32° 34' S., long. i3° 5' W., 2565 m.

The species observed at Tierra del Fuego and at Eastern Patagonia (at a depth of 35 m.),
occurs also at the coast of Chili and Peru :

V. laevigata G. B. Sowerby : shallow water, down to i5o m.

The species of the South Polar Région is :
V. niitra, n. sp., + 555 m.

The species from the Pacific, near the Kermadec Islands, is :
V. sulcata Hoek, g5o-n65 meters.

The species dredged in the Malay Archipelago, South of the Philippine Islands, is :
V. nitida Hoek, from gi5 m.

Kjôbenhavn, January igo7

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