II BTS 1905 UC-NRLF B 3 IDS It, 5 IN George Davidson 1825-1911 THE RUMFORD FUND AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. THE RUMFORD FUND OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES, BOSTON: PUBLISHED BY THE ACADEMY. 1905. Qll THE RUMFORD FUND BENJAMIN THOMPSON, Count Rumford, was born at Woburn, Massachusetts, March 26, 1753, and died at Auteuil, France, August 21, 1814. During his boyhood he showed an intense interest in scientific matters and attended scientific lectures at Harvard College. Afterwards he studied medicine, though he never practised, and taught school at Con- cord, New Hampshire. He was suspected of being unfriendly to the cause of liberty in the War of the Revolution, and on the evacuation of Boston by the British — in March, 1776 — he went to England. Here he prosecuted various scientific researches, and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1779. He subsequently entered the employ of Prince Maxi- milian of Bavaria, to whom he was of great service, reorganizing the army, instituting important social re- forms, and at the same time prosecuting valuable scien- tific researches. Of these the most noteworthy was his well-known investigation into the cause of the heat produced by friction, by which he conclusively dis- proved the hypothesis of the fluid nature of heat, and laid an important stone in the foundation of the doc- trine of the conservation of energy. He was created a count by Prince Maximilian, and chose the title Count 2 THE RUMFORD FUND Rumford, after the New Hampshire town from which the family of his wife had come. In 1799 he returned to England, and soon after pro- jected the Royal Institution of Great Britain. He went to France in 1804, subsequently married the widow of Lavoisier, and died in 1814. By a bequest in his will he founded the Rumford Professorship of the Application of Science to the Useful Arts in Har- vard University. The Rumford Fund had its origin in the gift by Count Rumford to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences of the sum of $5000 ; which was simul- taneous with the gift of a like sum, £1000, to the Royal Society of Great Britain. The purpose of the fund was the same in each case, the award of a suitable premium for discoveries or improvements in Heat and Light. The intention of the donor was announced to the Academy in the following letter : — LONDON, July 12, 1796. To the Hon. JOHN ADAMS, President of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. SIR, — Desirous of contributing efficaciously to the advancement of a branch of science which has long employed my attention, and which appears to me to be of the highest importance to mankind, and wishing at the same time to leave a lasting testimony of rny respect for the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, I take the liberty to request that the Academy would do me the honour to accept of Five Thousand Dollars, three per cent stock in the funds of the United States of North America, which Stock I have actually THE RUMFORD FUND 3 purchased, and which I beg leave to transfer to the Fellows of the Academy, to the end that the interest of the same may be by them, and by their successors, received from time to time, forever, and the amount of the same applied and given once every second year, as a premium, to the author of the most important discovery or useful improvement, which shall be made and published by printing, or in any way made known to the public, in any part of the Continent of America, or in any of the American Islands during the preceding two years, on Heat, or on Light ; the preference always being given to such discoveries as shall, in the opinion of the Academy, tend most to promote the good of" mankind. With regard to the formalities to be observed by the Academy in their decisions upon the comparative merits of those discoveries which in the opinion of the Academy may entitle their Authors to be considered as competitors for this biennial premium, the Academy will be pleased to adopt such regulations as they in their wisdom may judge to be proper and necessary. But in regard to the form in which this Premium is conferred, I take the liberty to request that it may always be given in two medals, struck in the same die, the one of gold and the other of silver, and of such dimensions that both of them together may be just equal in intrinsic value to the amount of interest of the aforesaid Five Thousand Dollars stock during two years : that is to say, that they may together be of the value of Three Hundred Dollars. The Academy will be pleased to order such device or inscrip- tion to be engraved on the die they shall cause to be prepared for striking these medals, as they may judge proper. If during any term of two years, reckoning from the last ad- judication, or from the period for the adjudication of this Premium by the Academy, no new discovery or improvement should be made in any part of America, relative to either of the subjects in question (Heat or Light), which, in the opinion of the Academy shall be of sufficient importance to deserve this Premium, in that case, 4 THE RUMFORD FUND it is my desire that the Premium may not be given, but that the value of it may be reserved, and by laying out in the purchase of additional stock in the American funds may be applied to augment the capital of this Premium ; and that the interest of the sums by which the capital may, from time to time, be so augmented, may reg- ularly be given in money with the two medals, and as an addition to the original Premium at each succeeding adjudication of it. And it is further my particular request that those additions to the value of the Premium arising from its occasional non-adjudication may be suffered to increase without limitation. With the highest respect for the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the most earnest wishes for their success in their labours for the good of mankind, I have the honour to be, with much Esteem and Regard, Sir, Your most Obedient, Humble Servant, RUMFORD. The gift was accepted by the Academy, but for many years no award of the premium was made, as no claimant appeared whose merit was such in its opinion as to justify this. Meanwhile the fund had accumulated to the amount of $20,000, and in view of the fact that there was no possibility of expending the income in the pre- cise manner contemplated by Count Rumford, applica- tion was made in 1831 to the Supreme Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts for relief, if such should be possible. The Court issued a decree which modified the pos- sible disposition of the income of the fund in such a manner as to increase its usefulness while keeping entirely within the spirit of the original gift, saying in part as follows : - THE RUMFORD FUND 5 '* It further appears that the said donation was made to the American Academy for a general purpose of charity, that, namely, of promoting a useful branch of science for the benefit of mankind ; that the Academy accepted the same, upon the terms stated, and for the purposes contemplated by said donation, and are now under obligation to carry the general intent of the donor into effect, as far as it is practicable to do so. It further appears, that, in consequence of the impediments set forth in the Bill, it is imprac- ticable for the Academy to carry the general charitable intent of the donor into effect in the exact and precise mode specified by him ; but, considering the general and primary intent of Count Rumford to have been to awaken and stimulate the ingenuity, and encourage the researches and experiments of individuals on the continent or the islands of America to make important discoveries or useful improvements upon the subjects of Light and Heat, and to cause them speedily to be published for the good of mankind, it does appear to the Court that it is quite practicable for the Academy to accomplish and carry into effect the general charitable intent and purpose of Count Rumford by some slight alterations in the mode particularly prescribed by him for carrying the same into effect. "It is therefore by the court ordered, adjudged, and decreed, for the reasons set forth in the bill, that the plaintiffs be, and they are bv the authority of this court, empowered to make from the income of said fund, as it now exists, at any annual meeting of the Academy, instead of biennially, as directed by the said Benjamin Count Rumford, award of a gold and silver medal, being together of the intrinsic value of three hundred dollars, as a premium to the author of any important discovery or useful improvement on heat or on light which shall have been made and published by print- ing, or in any way made known to the public, in any part of the Continent of America, or any of the American Islands, preference being always given to such discoveries as shall, in the opinion of the Academy, tend most to promote the good of mankind ; and to add to such medals as a further reward and premium of such dis- 6 THE RUMFORD FUND co very or improvement, if the plaintiffs see fit so to do, a sum of money not exceeding three hundred dollars. "And it is further ordered, adjudged, and decreed, that the plaintiffs may appropriate from time to time, as the same can advantageously be done, the residue of the income of said fund hereafter to be received, and not so as aforesaid awarded in premiums, to the purchase of such books and papers and philo- sophical apparatus (to be the property of said Academy) and in making such publications or procuring such lectures, experiments, or investigations, as shall in their opinion best facilitate and en- courage the making of discoveries and improvements which may merit the premium so as aforesaid to be by them awarded. And that the books, papers, and apparatus so purchased shall be used, and such lectures, experiments, and investigations be delivered and made, either in the said Academy or elsewhere, as the plaintiffs shall think best adapted to promote such discoveries and improve- ments as aforesaid, and either by the Rumford Professor of Harvard University or by any other person or persons, as to the plaintiffs shall from time to time seem best." In considering this action of the Court, Dr. George E. Ellis, the biographer of Count Rumford, makes the following comment : — " It is easy to express the obvious suggestion, that the enlarge- ment and direction thus allowed by judicial decision to the use of the trust fund committed by Count Rumford to the Academy, for one specified and well-defined object, exceed any possible construc- tion that can be put upon the liberal terms of his deed of gift. But it is just as easy to meet the suggestion by affirming that the judicial decree has in view, and aims, it may even be said, most conscientiously to fulfil, the intent of the donor. Under its de- cision the Academy may make the munificence of Count Rumford most serviceable at the fountain-head and sources of that scientific development which alone can secure biennially, or at longer or shorter THE RUMFORD FUND 7 intervals, a signal result marking a point in the flow of the stream. Books and lectures presenting the last discoveries, or methods for discovery, in the Count's favorite subjects of experiment, may be regarded as even something better than an alternative in the im- provement of his fund, to the use of it for a medal or premium under the pressure of a supposed obligation to bestow it with chief reference to the lapse of two years. " In view of all the circumstances and of the difficulties which the case presented, one may reasonably affirm that when the honored and venerated chief-justice gave validity to the decree of the court, he might have felt the full assurance that Count Rumford himself would have dictated its terms." At the close of the last fiscal year of the Academy (1904-05) the Rumford Fund amounted to $58,722.16, the income for that year having been $2550.73. A standing committee of the Academy known as the Rumford Committee, consisting of seven Fellows, is charged with the supervision of the trust created by Count Rumford, and considers all applications and claims for the Rumford Premium, and all applications made for grants from the income of the fund in aid of research or for other purposes. The Rumford Committee was first constituted a standing committee in 1833. Its members were nomi- nated annually by the President of the Academy until 1863, since which time they have been chosen in the same manner as the other officers. The following is a list of those who have been mem- bers of the Committee. THE RUMFORD FUND MEMBERS OF THE RUMFORD COMMITTEE. 1833-1905. 1833-1838, 1833-1837, 1833-1848, 1833-184-6, 1833-1849, 1837-1846, 1838-1839, 1839-1840, 1840-1843, 1843-1849, 1846-1850, 1846-1847, 1847-1868, 1848-1863, 1849-1863, 1849-1878, 1850-1862, 1862-1871, 1863-1869, 1863-1864, 1863-1864, 1863-1866, Nathaniel Bowditch Francis C. Gray Daniel Treadwell Jacob Bigelow John Ware John Pickering James Jackson Benjamin Peirce George B. Emerson Benjamin Peirce Francis C. Lowell James Hayward Joseph Lovering Eben N. Horsford Daniel Treadwell Morrill Wyman Henry L. Eustis Joseph Winlock William B. Rogers Charles W. Eliot Theophilus Parsons Cyrus M. Warren 1864-1894, 1864-1871, 1866-1877, 1868-1878, 1869-1890, 1871-1885, 1871-1880, 1877-1897, 1878-1892, 1878-1892, 1880-1891, 1885- 1890-1896, 1892- 1892- 1892- 1894-1896, 1896- 1897-1902, 1897- 1902- Wolcott Gibbs Francis H. Storer Josiah P. Cooke James B. Francis Edward C. Pickering John M. Ordway Stephen P. Ruggles John Trowbridge Josiah P. Cooke Joseph Lovering George B. Clark Erasmus D. Leavitt Benjamin O. Peirce Edward C. Pickering Amos E. Dolbear Charles R. Cross Benjamin A. Gould Arthur G. Webster Thomas C. Mendenhall Theodore W. Richards Elihu Thomson The successive chairmen of the Rumford Committee up to the present time have been the following : - Messrs. Nathaniel Bowditch (1833-1838), James Jack- son (1838-1839), John Pickering (1839-1846), Daniel Treadwell (1846-1848), Eben N. Horsford (1848-1863), Joseph Lovering (1863-1868), Joseph Winlock (1868- 1871), Josiah P. Cooke (1871-1876), Morrill Wyman THE RUMFORD FUND 9 (1876-1878), Joseph Levering (1878-1892), John Trow- bridge (1892-1897), Charles R. Cross (1897-). The Rumford Premium is awarded by the Academy upon the recommendation of the Rurnford Committee. It has been given to the following persons and on the ground stated. AWARDS OF THE RUMFORD PREMIUM OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY. 1839. ROBERT HARE, of Philadelphia, for his invention of the compound or oxyhydrogen blowpipe. 1862. JOHN ERICSSON, of New York, for his improvements in the management of heat, particularly as shown in his caloric engine of 1855. 1865. DANIEL TREADWELL, of Cambridge, for improvements in the management of heat, embodied in his investigations and inventions relating to the construction of cannon of large calibre, and of great strength and endurance. 1866. ALVAN CLARK, of Cambridge, for his improvements in the manufacture of refracting telescopes, as exhibited in his method of local correction. 1869. GEORGE HENRY CORLISS, of Providence, for his improvement in the steam-engine. 1871. JOSEPH HARRISON, JR., of Philadelphia, for his mode of constructing steam-boilers, by which great safety has been secured. 1873. LEWIS MORRIS RUTHERFURD, of New York, for his improve- ments in the processes and methods of astronomical photograph v. 1875. JOHN WILLIAM DRAPER, of New York, for his researches on radiant energy. 1 880. JOSIAH WILLARD GIBBS, of New Haven, for his researches in thermodynamics. io THE RUMFORD FUND 1883. HEXRY AUGUSTUS ROWLAND, of Baltimore, for his researches in light and heat. 1886. SAMUEL PIERPONT LAXGLEY, of Allegheny, for his researches in radiant energy. 1888. ALBERT ABRAHAM MICHELSON, of Cleveland, for his deter- mination of the velocity of light, for his researches upon the motion of the luminiferous ether, and for his work on the absolute determination of the wave-lengths of light. 1891. EDWARD CHARLES PICKERING, of Cambridge, for his work on the photometry of the stars and upon stellar spectra. 1895. THOMAS ALVA EDISON, of Orange, N. J., for his investigations in electric lighting. 1898. JAMES EDWARD KEELER, of Allegheny, for his application of the spectroscope to astronomical problems, and especially for his investigations of the proper motions of the nebulae, and the physical constitution of the rings of the planet Saturn, by the use of that instrument. 1899. CHARLES FRANCIS BRUSH, of Cleveland, for the practical de- velopment of electric arc-lighting. 1900. CARL BARUS, of Providence, for his various researches in heat. 1901. ELIHU THOMSON, of Lynn, for his inventions in electric welding and lighting. 1902. GEORGE ELLERY HALE, of Chicago, for his investigations in solar and stellar physics and in particular for the inven- tion and perfection of the spectro-heliograph. 1904. ERNEST Fox NICHOLS, of New York, for his researches on radiation, particularly on the pressure due to radiation, the heat of the stars, and the infra-red spectrum. The Rumford Fund of the Royal Society has been de- voted solely to the award of the premium according to the original provisions of that trust. For purposes of com- THE RUMFORD FUND n parison with the foregoing the following list of grantees of the Royal Society's Rumford Premium is given : - AWARDS OF THE RUMFORD PREMIUM OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY. 1802. BENJAMIN COUNT RUMFORD. For his various Discoveries respecting Light and Heat. 1804. JOHN LESLIE. Experiments on Heat. 1806. WILLIAM MURDOCK. Publication on the Employment of Gas from Coal for the Purpose of Illumination. 1810. ETIENNE Louis MALUS. Discovery of Certain Properties of Reflected Light. 1814. WILLIAM CHARLES WELLS. Essay on Dew. 1816. HUMPHRY DAVY. Papers on Combustion and Flame. 1818. DAVID BREWSTER. Discoveries relating to the Polarization of Light. 1824. AUGUSTIN JEAN FRESNEL. Development of the Undula- tory Theory, as applied to the Phenomena of Polarized Light : and various Important Discoveries in Physical Optics. 1832. JOHN FREDERIC DANIELL. Experiments with a new Regis- ter Pyrometer for measuring the Expansion of Solids. 1834. MACEDONIO MELLONI. Discoveries relative to Radiant Heat. 1838. JAMES DAVID FORBES. Experiments on the Polarization of Heat. 1840. JEAN BAPTISTE BIOT. Researches in and connected with the Circular Polarization of Light. 1842. HENRY Fox TALBOT. Discoveries and Improvements in Photography. 1846. MICHAEL FARADAY. Discovery of the Optical Phenomena developed by the Action of Magnets and Electric Cur- rents in Certain Transparent Media. 1848. HENRI VICTOR REGNAULT. Experiments on Expansion and Density of Air, different Gases, and Mercury. 12 THE RUMFORD FUND 1850. FRANCOIS JEAN DOMINIQUE ARAGO. Experimental Inves- tigation on Polarized Light. 1852. GEORGE GABRIEL STOKES. On the Change of Refrangibility of Light. 1854. NEIL ARNOTT. A new Smoke-Consuming and Fuel-Saving Fireplace. 1856. Louis PASTEUR. Discovery of the Nature of Racemic Acid, arid its Relations to Polarized Light. 1858. JULES CELESTIN JAMIN. Various Experimental Researches on Light. 1860. JAMES CLERK MAXWELL. Researches on the Composition of Colors, and other Optical Papers. 1862. GUSTAV ROBERT KIRCHHOFF. Researches on the Fixed Lines of the Solar Spectrum, and on the Inversion of the Bright Lines in the Spectra of Artificial Light. 1864. JOHN TYNDALL. Researches on the Absorption and Radi- ation of Heat by Gases and Vapors. 1866. ARMAND HIPPOLYTE Louis FIZEAU. Optical Researches and Investigations into the Effect of Heat on the Re- fractive Power of Transparent Bodies. 1868. BALFOUR STEWART. Researches on the Qualitative as well as Quantitative Relations between the Powers of Emission and Absorption of Bodies for Heat and Light. 1870. ALFRED OLIVIER DES CLOIZEAUX. Researches in Minera- logical Optics. 1872. ANDERS JONAS ANGSTROM. Researches on Spectral Analysis. 1874. JOSEPH NORMAN LOCKYER. Spectroscopic Researches on the Sun and on the Chemical Elements. 1876. PIERRE JULES CESAR JANSSEN. Researches on the Radia- tion and Absorption of Light, carried on chiefly by means of the Spectroscope. 1878. ALFRED CORNU. Optical Researches, and especially his re- cent rede termination of the Velocity of Propagation of Light. 1880. WILLIAM HUGGINS. Astronomical Researches. THE RUMFORD FUND 13 1882. WILLIAM DE WIVELESLIE ABNEY. Contributions to the Advancement of the Theory and Practice of Photog- raphy. 1884. TOBIAS ROBERT THALEN. Spectroscopic Researches. 1886. SAMUEL PIERPONT LANGLEY. Researches on the Spectrum by means of the Bolometer. 1888. PIETRO TACCHINI. Important and long-continued Inves- tigations which have largely advanced our Knowledge of the Physics of the Sun. 1890. HEINRICH HERTZ. Work on Electro- magnetic Radiation. 1892. NILS CHRISTOFER DUNER. Astronomical Observations. 1894. JAMES DEWAR. Researches at very high and very low Tem- peratures, and on Spectroscopic Phenomena. 1896. PHILIPP LENARD AND WILHELM KONRAD RONTGEN. Re- searches on Phenomena which occur outside a highly exhausted Tube through which an Electrical Discharge is passing. 1898. OLIVER JOSEPH LODGE. Researches on Radiation and on the Relations between Matter and Ether. 1900. ANTOINE HENRI BECQUEREL. Discoveries in Radiation proceeding from Uranium. 1902. CHARLES ALGERNON PARSONS. Application of the Steam Turbine to Industrial Purposes and its recent Extension to Navigation. 1904. ERNEST RUTHERFORD. Researches on Radio-activity, and particularly his Discovery of the Existence and Prop- erties of the Gaseous Emanations from Radio-active Bodies. The following is a list of grants made from the income of the Rumford Fund of the American Academy in furtherance of research. In a few cases the appropria- tion has not been called for because the research in question has not proved feasible, because funds have i4 THE RUMFORD FUND been provided from elsewhere, or for other reasons. When this is believed to be the case it is so stated. GRANTS FROM THE RUMFORD FUND. 1832-1862. Observatory at Cambridge, for telescope and other apparatus $3776 ENOCH HALE. For rain gauges and sundry ex- penses for experiments and investigations relating to the fall of rain 1697 1862. PHILANDER SHAW. Experiments relating to air- engines 600 1863. OGDEN N. ROOD. Physical relations of iodized plate to light. (Appropriation subsequently transferred to another research, viz., photometry) 300 1864. WOLCOTT GIBBS. For purchase of a Meyerstein spectrometer and Regnault's apparatus for meas- uring vapor- tension 600 JOSIAH P. COOKE, JR. For purchase of glass prisms to be used in an investigation of metallic spectra. (These prisms were purchased from the Academy by Professor Cooke in 1871) 200 1866. OGDEN N. ROOD. Photometry. (Appropriation of 1863 for relations of iodized plate to light, $300, transferred to this purpose.) 1867. WOLCOTT GIBBS. For repairing Meyerstein spec- trometer belonging to the Academy 100 1869. JOSEPH WINLOCK. For purchase of spectroscopic instruments for observations of the solar eclipse of August, 1869 . 300 1870. BENJAMIN APTHORP GOULD. For photometric and spectroscopic apparatus for the Observatory at Cordova. (Apparatus subsequently purchased by the Argentine Government) 500 THE RUMFORD FUND 15 1875. JOHN TROWBRIDGE. Improvement of magneto- electric machine and induction coil .... $500 1876. HENRY A. ROWLAND. New determination of mechanical equivalent of heat 600 SAMUEL P. LANGLEY. Researches on radiant energy 600 1877. BENJAMIN O. PEIRCE, JR. Investigation of the conduction of heat in the interior of bodies. ($60, only, called for) 200 EDWARD C. PICKERING. Atmospheric refraction 520 1878. WOLCOTT GIBBS, JOHN TROWBRIDGE, EDWARD C. PICKERING. Experiments on photometry and polarimetry. (A small portion only of this ap- propriation was called for) 500 CHARLES A. YOUNG. In aid of observations on solar eclipse of July 29, 1878. (Appropria- tion not called for) 300 NATHANIEL S. SHALER. Investigation on loss of internal heat of earth in the neighborhood of Boston. (Appropriation not called for) . . . 200 WILLIAM W. JACQUES. Experiments on the dis- tribution of heat in the spectrum 100 WOLCOTT GIBBS, EDWARD C. PICKERING, JOHN TROW- BRIDGE. Determination of indices of refraction. (A small portion only of this appropriation was called for) 500 1879. JOHN TROWBRIDGE. Heat developed by magnetiza- and demagnetization of magnetic metals . . 200 WILLIAM W. JACQUES. Radiation at high tem- peratures 200 WILLIAM A. ROGERS. To procure a metric stand- ard of length 350 1880. SILAS W. HOLMAN. Viscosity of gases .... 250 WOLCOTT GIBBS. Construction of dynamo-electric machine of a new plan 150 i6 THE RUMFORD FUND SAMUEL P. LANGLEY. Distribution of heat in diffraction spectrum S300 1882. EDWARD C. PICKERING. Stellar photography, with a view of obtaining a method of estimating the brightness of stars 500 JOHN TROWBRIDGE. Thomson effect and allied subjects 250 1883. JOHN TROWBRIDGE. Addition to last preceding appropriation 100 FRANK N. COLE. Experiments on Maxwell's theory of light . 50 1884. RUMFORD COMMITTEE, for purchase of Rowland grating 40 WILLIAM H. PICKERING. Experiments in photog- raphy 200 JOHN TROWBRIDGE, EDWARD C. PICKERING, CHARLES R. CROSS. Experiments on standard of light . 300 EDWARD C. PICKERING. Photometry 200 WILLIAM A. ROGERS. Production of constant temperatures 100 JOHN TROWBRIDGE. Effect of changes of temper- ature on magnetism 100 1885. WILLIAM A. ROGERS. For Construction of con- stant temperature room. (Addition to for- mer appropriation) 82 EDWARD C. PICKERING. Photometry 300 WILLIAM H. PICKERING. Photography and new standard of light 300 1886. WILLIAM H. PICKERING. Observations of Solar Corona, Eclipse of August, 1886 500 HENRY P. BOWDITCH. Calorimetric observations on the heat of the human body. ($100, only, called for) 500 JOHN TROWBRIDGE. Standard of light (Appropri- THE RUMFORD FUND 17 ation subsequently transferred to another research, viz., radiant energy) $250 CHARLES R. CROSS. Thermo-electric effect in Munich shunt method. (Appropriation not called for) 75 1887. JOHN TROWBRIDGE. Investigations on radiant energy. (Appropriation of 1886 for Standard of light, |250, transferred to this purpose.) CHARLES R. CROSS and t SILAS W. HOLMAN. Thermometry 250 ERASMUS D. LEAVITT, JR. Investigations upon a pyrometer. (Appropriation not called for) . . 250 JOHN TROWBRIDGE. Metallic spectra 250 1888. JOHN TROWBRIDGE. Metallic spectra. (Addition to former appropriation) 500 WILLIAM H. PICKERING. For observations on solar eclipse of Jan., 1889 500 1889. CHARLES C. HUTCHINS. Investigation on lunar radiation 250 EDWIN H. HALL. Heat developed in cylinder of steam-engine 100 HENRY A. ROWLAND. Metallic spectra .... 500 1890. EDWIN H. HALL. Investigations on cylinder tem- perature 100 BENJAMIN O. PEIRCE. Temperature changes in in- terior of solids. (Appropriation not called for) 200 1892. DANIEL W. SHEA. Velocity of light in magnetic field ....... 250 BENJAMIN O. PEIRCE. Propagation of heat within certain solid bodies 200 HENRY A. ROWLAND. Investigations on solar spectrum 250 1893. WILLIAM A. ROGERS. Investigation on the pul- sation of thermometers 175 WILLIAM H. PICKERING. Observations in Arizona i8 THE RUMFORD FUND on transparency and steadiness of the air and on the changes in temperature on the planet Mars. (Appropriation not called for) $500 1894. FRANK A. LAWS. Thermal conductivity of metals 300 EDWARD L. NICHOLS. Radiation from carbon at different temperatures 250 1895. EDWIN H. HALL. Thermal conductivity of metals 250 ARTHUR G. WEBSTER. Velocity of electric waves . 250 BENJAMIN O. PEIRCE. Thermal conductivities of poor conductors 250 1896. HENRY CREW. Electric, chemical, and thermal effects of electric arc 400 ROBERT O. KING. Thomson effect in metals ... 100 1897. ARTHUR G. WEBSTER. Velocity of light. (Appro- priation not called for) 500 GEORGE E. HALE. Construction of spectro-helio- graph 400 ARTHUR G. WEBSTER. Construction of revolving mirror 250 ARTHUR G. WEBSTER and ROBERT R. TATNALL. The Zeeman effect 100 1898. WALLACE C. SABINE. Researches on ultra-violet radiation 400 ALBERT A. MICHELSON. New form of diffrac- tion grating. (Echelon spectroscope) .... 500 THEODORE W. RICHARDS. For the construction of a microkinetoscope, to be applied to a study of the birth and growth of crystals 200 1899. WALLACE C. SABINE. Further researches on ultra- violet wave-length 200 HENRY CREW. Spectrum of the electric arc . . . 200 ARTHUR G. WEBSTER. Distribution of energy in various spectra studied by means of the Michel- son interferometer and the radiometer. (Appro- priation not called for) 200 THE RUMFORD FUND 19 EDWIN B. FROST. To aid in construction of a spectrograph especially designed for the meas- urement of stellar velocities in the line of sight 8500 1900. EDWARD C. PICKERING. For constructing a new type of photometer to be used in an investiga- tion on the brightness of faint stars, to be carried out by co-operation with certain observa- tories possessing large telescopes 500 THEODORE W. RICHARDS. Transition temperatures of crystallized salts 100 ARTHUR L. CLARK. Molecular properties of vapors in the neighborhood of the critical point . . . 250 CHARLES E. MENDENHALL. Investigations on a hollow bolometer. ($100, only, called for) . . 200 GEORGE E. HALE. Application of the radiometer to the study of the infra-red spectrum of the chromosphere 500 ARTHUR A. NOYES. Effect of high temperatures on the electrical conductivity of salt solutions. 300 1901. THEODORE W. RICHARDS. Research on the ex- pansion of gases 500 HENRY CREW. Order of appearance of the differ- ent lines of the spark spectrum 100 ROBERT W. WOOD. Anomalous dispersion of sodium vapor * ... 350 ARTHUR G. WEBSTER. For purchase of fluorite plates 65 1902. ERNEST F. NICHOLS. For the purchase of a spec- trometer, in furtherance of a research on resonance in connection with heat radiations 300 THEODORE W. RICHARDS. For the construction of a mercurial compression pump to be used in a research on the Joule-Thomson effect. (Appro- priation subsequently transferred to another re- search, viz., the experimental study of chemical thermodynamics) 750 20 THE RUMFORD FUND ARTHUR A. NOYES. Effect of high temperatures on the electrical conductivity of aqueous solutions $300 RALPH S. MINOR. Dispersion and absorption of substances for ultra-violet radiation 150 1903. THEODORE W. RICHARDS. The experimental study of chemical thermodynamics. (Appropriation of 1902 for compression pump, $750, transferred to this purpose.) SIDNEY D. TOWNLEY. For the construction of a stellar photometer 100 EDWIN B. FROST. For the construction of a special lens for use in connection with the stellar spectro- graph of the Yerkes Observatory for the study of radial velocities of faint stars 200 ERNEST F. NICHOLS and GORDON F. HULL. In aid of the investigation of the relative motion of the earth and the ether by the method of " Fizeau^s polarization experiment." (Appropriation trans- ferred to another research, viz., effect of motion of earth on intensity of radiation) 250 GEORGE E. HALE. For the purchase of a Rowland concave diffraction grating to be used in the photographic study of the brighter stars . . . 300 EDWARD C. PICKERING. For the construction of two stellar photometers to be placed at the disposal of the Rumford Committee .... 150 ERNEST F. NICHOLS and GORDON F. HULL. Effect of the motion of the earth on the intensity of radiation. (Appropriation for Fizeau's polari- zation experiment, $250, transferred to this purpose.) FREDERIC L. BISHOP. Thermal conductivity of lead 75 FREDERICK A. SAUNDERS. Characteristics of spectra produced under varying conditions . . . . . 200 THE RUMFORD FUND 21 WILLIAM J. HUMPHREYS. Shift of spectrum lines due to pressure 8300 NORTON A. KENT. Circuit conditions influencing electric spark lines 250 EDWARD W. MORLEY. Nature and effects of ether drift 500 1904. JOHN A. DUNNE. Fluctuations in solar activity as evinced by changes in the difference between maximum and minimum temperatures .... 200 CARL BARUS. Optical method of study of radio- actively produced condensation nuclei. (Appro- priation not yet called for) . 200 DEWITT B. BRACE. Double refraction in gases in an electrical field 200 ROBERT W. WOOD. Optical and other physical properties of sodium vapor 350 NORTON A. KENT (Addition to former appropriation). Circuit conditions influencing electric spark lines 100 ARTHUR L. CLARK (Addition to former appropria- tion). Molecular properties of vapors in the neighborhood of the critical point 150 1905. DEWITT B. BRACE (Addition to former appropria- tion). Double refraction in gases in an electrical field 200 CHARLES B. THWING. Thermo-electric force of metals and alloys 150 HARRY W. MORSE. Fluorescence 500 JOHN TROWBRIDGE. Electric double refraction of light 200 EDWIN H. HALL. Thermal and thermo-electric properties of iron and other metals ..... 200 The following list contains the titles of papers relat- ing to heat and light which have been published in the Memoirs or Proceedings of the Academy, and which, 22 THE RUMFORD FUND with perhaps a few exceptions prior to 1880, have been printed at the expense of the Rumford Fund. PAPERS PRINTED AT THE EXPENSE OF THE RUMFORD FUND. MEMOIRS. PRINCE, JOHN. Description of a new Stand for a Reflecting Tele- scope. N. S., i, 334. 1833. BOND, WILLIAM C. Description of the Observatory at Cambridge, Massachusetts. N. S., iv, 177. 1848. TREADWELL, DANIEL. On the Practicability of Constructing Cannon of great Caliber, capable of enduring long-continued Use under full Charge. N. S., vi, 1. 1856. HALL, JONATHAN P. Register of the Thermometer for 36 Years, from 1821 to 1856, to which is added the Quantity of Rain falling in Boston, Mass., for 34 Years, from 1823 to 1856. N. S., vi, 229. 1857. BOND, GEORGE P. On the light of the Moon and of the Planet Jupiter. N. S., viii, 221. 1861. BOND, GEORGE P. Comparison of the Light of the Sun and Moon. N. S., viii. 287. TREADWELL, DANIEL. On the Construction of Hooped Cannon. N. S., ix, 45. 1864. WARREN, CYRUS M. On a Process of Fractional Condensation applicable to the Separation of Bodies having small Differences between their Boiling Points. N. S., ix, 121. 1864. LOVERING, JOSEPH. On the Secular Periodicity of the Aurora Borealis. N. S., ix, 101. 1867. LOVERING, JOSEPH. Catalogue of Auroras observed, mostly at Cambridge, Mass., since the year 1838. N. S., x, 1. LOVERING, JOSEPH. On the Periodicity of the Aurora Borealis. N. S., x, 9. 1864. SEARLE, ARTHUR. The Apparent Position of the Zodiacal Light. N. S., xi, 135. 1885. THE RUMFORD FUND 23 PICKERING, EDWARD C. Stellar Photography. N. S., xi, 179. 1886. LAXGLEY, SAMUEL P., YOUNG, C. A., and PICKERING, E. C. Pritch- arcTs Wedge Photometer. N. S., xi, 301. 1886. ROWLAND, HENRY A. On a Table of Standard Wave Lengths of the Spectral Lines. N. S., xii, 101. 1893. PROCEEDINGS. BOND, GEORGE P. Results of an Examination of the Photographs of the Star Mizar with its Companion and the neighboring Star Alcor, iii, 386. 1857. COOKE, JOSIAH P., JR. On the Aqueous Lines of the Solar Spec- trum, vii, 57. 1866. WARREN, CYRUS M. Note on an improved Apparatus for the De- termination of Vapor Densities by Gay-Lussac's Method, vii, 99. 1866. PICKERING, EDWARD C. Dispersion of a Ray of Light refracted at any number of Plane Surfaces, vii, 478. 1868. PICKERING, EDWARD C. Applications of Fresnel's Formula for the Reflection of Light, ix, 1. 1873. COOKK, JOSIAH P., JR. The Vermiculites : their Crystallographic and Chemical Relations to the Micas ; together with a Discus- sion of the Cause of the Variation of the Optical Angle in these Minerals, ix, 35. 1873. PICKERING, EDWARD C., and WILLIAMS, CHARLES H. Foci of Lenses placed Obliquely, x, 300. 1875. AMORY, HARCOURT, and MINOT, JAMES J. On the Effect of Heat upon the Magnetic Susceptibility of Soft Iron, x, 308. 1875. TROWBRIDGE, JOHN. On a New Induction Coil, x, 381. 1875. PEIRCE, BENJAMIN O., JR., and LEFAVOUR, EDWARD B. On the Effect of Armatures on the Magnetic State of Electro-Magnets, x, 385. 1875. HODGKINS, WILLIAM C., and JENNINGS, JAMES H. On the Time of Demagnetization of Soft Iron, x, 387. 1875. 24 THE RUMFORD FUND JACQUES, WILLIAM W. Light transmitted by one or more Plates of Glass, x, 389. 1875. GIBBS, WOLCOTT. Optical Notices. 1. On a New Optical Constant. 2. On a Method of Measuring Refractive Indices without the Use of Divided Instruments, x, 401. 1875. WILLIAMS, CHARLES H. Intensity of Twilight, x, 421. 1875. CROSBY, WILLIAM O. Light of the Sky, x, 425. 1875. PICKERING, EDWARD C., and STRANGE, D ALSTON P. Light absorbed by the Atmosphere of the Sun, x, 428. 1875. PICKERING, EDWARD C., and STRANGE, DALSTON P. Tests of a Mag- neto-Electric Machine, x, 432. 1875. AMORY, ROBERT. On Photographs of the Solar Spectrum, xi, 70. 1875. TROWBRIDGE, JOHN. On the Effect of Thin Plates of Iron used as Armatures to Electro-Magnets, xi, 202. 1876. TROWBRIDGE, JOHN. On the so-called Etheric Force, xi, 206. 1876. TROWBRIDGE, JOHN. On a new Form of Mirror Galvanometer, xi, 208. 1876. PEIRCE, BENJAMIN O., JR. On the Induction Spark produced in Breaking a Galvanic Circuit between the Poles of a Magnet, xi, 218. 1875. WILSON, WILLIAM P. Condensers and Geisslers Tubes, xi, 282. 1875. PICKERING, EDWARD C. Comparison of Prismatic and Diffraction Spectra, xi, 273. 1875. AMORY, ROBERT. On Photographs of the Solar Spectrum, xi, 279. 1876. HOLM AN, SILAS W. On the Effect of Temperature on the Viscosity of Air, xii, 41. 1876. PEIRCE, BENJAMIN O., JR. Note on the Determination of the Law of Propagation of Heat in the Interior of a Solid Body, xii, 143. 1877. HARKNESS, WILLIAM. Theory of the Horizontal Photoheliograph including its Application to the Determination of the Solar Parallax by Means of the Transits of Venus, xii, 186. 1877. THE RUMFORD FUND 25 PEIRCE, BENJAMIN O., JR., and LEFAVOUK, EDWARD B. Preliminary Work on the Determination of the Law of the Propagation of Heat in the Interior of Solid Bodies, xiii, 128. 1877. AMORY, ROBERT. On the Photographic Action of Dry Silver Bromide Collodion, &c., to Rays of Solar Light of Different Refrangibility, xiii, 171. 1877. TROUVELOT, ETIENNE LEOPOLD. The Moon's Zodiacal Light, xiii, 183. 1877. TROUVELOT, ETIENNE LEOPOLD. Undulations observed in the Tail of Coggia's Comet, 1874, xiii, 185. 1877. TROUVELOT, ETIENNE LEOPOLD. Sudden Extinction of the Light of a Solar Protuberance, xiii, 187. 1877. HARKNESS, WILLIAM, U. S. N. Supplementary Note on the Theory of the Horizontal Photoheliograph, xiii, 194. 1877. AMORY, ROBERT. Theory of Absorption-Bands in the Spectrum, and its Bearing in Photography and Chemistry, xiii, 216. 1878. HALL, G. STANLEY. Color-Perception, xiii, 402. 1878. LANGLEY,, SAMUEL P. On certain Remarkable Groups in the Lower Spectrum, xiv, 92. 1878. LAXGLEY, SAMUEL P. On the Temperature of the Sun, xiv, 106. 1878. TROWBRIDGE, JOHN, and HILL, WALTER N. On the Heat Produced - by the Rapid Magnetization and Demagnetization of the Mag- netic Metals, xiv, 114. 1878. TROWBRIDGE, JOHN. Methods of Measuring Electric Currents of Great Strength ; together with a Comparison of the Wilde, the Gramme, and the Siemens' Machines, xiv, 122. 1878. JACQUES, WILLIAM W. Distribution of Heat in the Spectra of Various sources of Radiation, xiv, 142. 1879. ROWLAND, HENRY A. On the Mechanical Equivalent of Heat, with Subsidiary Researches on the Variation of the Mercurial from the Air Thermometer, and on the Variation of the Specific Heat of Water, xv, 75. 1879. LEE, ARTHUR H. On a Standard for Estimating the Amount of Light Reflected by Various Substances, xv, 223. 1879. 26 THE RUMFORD FUND SCHWARTZ, WILLIAM H. Effect of Distance on Appreciation of Color, xv, 229. 1879. TROWBRIDGE, JOHN. Simple Apparatus for Illustrating Periodic Motion, xv, 232. 1879. TROWBRIDGE, JOHN. Illustration of the Conservation of Energv, xv, 235. 1879. PICKERING, WILLIAM H. Photometric Researches, xv, 236. 1880. PICKERING, EDWARD C. Dimensions of the Fixed Stars, with espe- cial reference to Binaries and Variables of the Algol Type, xvi, 1. 1880. ROWLAND, HENRY A. Appendix to Paper on the Mechanical Equivalent of Heat, containing the Comparison with Dr. Joule's Thermometer, xvi, 38. 1880. HASTINGS, CHARLES S. A Theory of the Constitution of the Sun founded upon Spectroscopic Observations original and other, xvi, 140. 1880. DRAPER, JOHN W. On the Phosphorograph of a Solar Spectrum, and on the Lines in its Infra-red Region, xvi, 223. 1880. PICKERING, EDWARD C. Variable Stars of Short Period, xvi, 257. 1881. LANGLEY, SAMUEL P. The Bolometer and Radiant Energy, xvi, 342. 1881. TODD, DAVID P. On the Use of the Electric Telegraph during Total Solar Eclipses, xvi, 359. 1881. PICKERING, EDWARD C., Director, SEA RLE, ARTHUR, and WENDELL, OLIVER C., Assistants. Photometric Measurements of the Vari- able Stars ft Persei and DM. 81° 25, made at the Harvard Col- lege Observatory, xvi, 370. 1881. WINLOCK, WILLIAM C. On the Group "b" in the Solar Spectrum, xvi., 398. 1880. HUNTINGTON, OLIVER W. On the Spectrum of Arsenic, xvii, 35. 1881. PENROSE, CHARLES B. Thermo-electricity. Peltier and Thomson Effects, xvii, 39. 1881. THE RUMFORD FUND 27 PENROSE, CHARLKS B. Thermo-electric Line of Copper and Nickel below 0°, xvii, 47. 1881. HOLMAX, SILAS W. Simple Method for Calibrating Thermometers, xvii, 157. 1882. PICKERING, EDWARD C. The Wedge Photometer, xvii, 231. 1882. TROWBRIDGE, JOHN, and HILL, WALTER N. On the Heat produced in Iron and Steel by Reversals of Magnetization, xviii, 197. 1883. TROWBRIDGE, JOHN, and PENROSE, CHARLES B. On the Heat pro- duced in Iran and Steel by Reversals of Magnetization, xviii, 205. 1883. TROWBRIDGE, JOHN, and PENROSE, CHARLES B. Influence of Mag- netism upon Thermal Conductivity, xviii, 210.. 1883. TROWBRIDGE, JOHN, and PENROSE, CHARLES B. Papers on Thermo- electricity, No. 1, xviii, 214. 1883. SEARLE, ARTHUR. The Zodiacal Light, xix, 146. 1883. DRAPER, HENRY. Researches upon the Photography of Planetary and Stellar Spectra, xix, 231. 1883. PICKERING, WILLIAM H. A Method of Measuring the Absolute Sensitiveness of Photographic Dry Plates, xx, 159. 1884. PICKERING, EDWARD C. A Photographic Study of the Nebula of Orion, xx, 407. 1885. PENROSE, CHARLES B. Relation Between Superficial Energy and Thermo-electricity, xx, 417. 1884. TROWBRIDGE, JOHN, and McRAE, AUSTIN L. The Effect of Temper- ature on the Magnetic Permeability of Iron and Cobalt, xx, 462. 1885. PICKERING, WILLIAM H. Photography of the Infra-Red Region of the Solar Spectrum, xx, 473. 1884. PICKERING, WILLIAM H. Methods of Determining the Speed of Photographic Exposers, xx, 478. 1884. PICKERING, WILLIAM H. Principles involved in the Construction of Photographic Exposers, xx, 483. 1885. WEBSTER, ARTHUR G. On a New Method for Determining the Mechanical Equivalent of Heat, xx, 490. 1885. 28 THE RUMFORD FUND TIIOWBRIDGE, JOHN. A Standard of Light, xx, 494. 1885. HOLMAN, SILAS W. On the Effect of Temperature on the Viscosity of Air, xxi, 1. 1885. WHITE, ANTHONY C. Comparison of Alcohol Thermometers Bau- din 8208 and 8209 with the Air Thermometer at low Temper- atures, xxi, 45. 1885. PICKERING, WILLIAM H. Colored Media for the Photographic Dark Room, xxi, 244. 1885. PICKERING, EDWARD C. Atmospheric Refraction. Part I, xxi, 268. 1885. PICKERING, EDWARD C. Atmospheric Refraction. Part II, xxi, 286. 1885. PICKERING, EDWARD C. A New Form of Polarimeter, xxi, 294. 1885. CROSS, CHARLES R. Experiments on the Melting Platinum Stand- ard of Light, xxii, 220. 1886. CROSS, CHARLES R., and SHEPARD, WILLIAM E. The Inverse Elec- tromotive Force of the Voltaic Arc, xxii, 227. 1886. TROWBRIDGE, JOHN, and HUTCHINS, CHARLES C. Oxygen in the Sun, xxiii, 1. 1887. TROWBRIDGE, JOHN, and HUTCHINS, CHARLES C. On the Existence of Carbon in the Sun, xxiii, 10. 1887. HUTCHINS, CHARLES C., and HOLDEN, EDWARD F. On the Existence of certain Elements, together with the Discovery of Platinum in the Sun, xxiii, 14. 1887. SEARLE, ARTHUR. Atmospheric Economy of Solar Radiation, xxiv, 26. 1888. HUTCHINS, CHARLES C., assisted by OWEN, DANIEL E. An Account of a New Thermograph, and of some Measures in Lunar Radia- tion, xxiv, 125. 1889. TROWBRIDGE, JOHN. Motion of Atoms in Electrical Discharges, xxv, 192. 1890. HALL, EDWIN H. On the Thermal Conductivity of Cast Iron and of Cast Nickel, xxvii, 262. 1892. THE RUMFORD FUND 29 HALL, EDWIN H. On a Thermo-electric Method of studying Cyl- inder Condensation in Steam-engines, xxviii, 37. 1893. WYMAN, MORRILL. Experiments and Observations on the Summer Ventilation and Cooling of Hospitals, xxx, 482. 1894. LAWS, FRANK A., and WARREN, HENRY E. Experiments on the Relation of Hysteresis to Temperature, xxx, 490. 1894. HOLMAN, SILAS W. Thermo-electric Interpolation Formulae, xxxi, 193. 1895. HOLMAN, SILAS W., with LAWRENCE, RALPH R., and BARR, LAW- RENCE. Melting Points of Aluminum, Silver, Gold, Copper, and Platinum, xxxi, 218. 1895. HOLMAN, SILAS W. Pvrometry : Calibration of the Le Chatelier Thermo-electric Pyrometer, xxxi, 234. 1895. HOLMAN, SILAS W. Calorimetry : Methods of Cooling Correction, xxxi, 245. 1895. HALL, EDWIN H. On the Thermal Conductivity of Mild Steel, xxxi, 271. 1896. NOYES, ARTHUR A., and GOODWIN, HARRY M. The Viscosity of Mercury Vapor, xxxii, 225. 1896. TROWBRIDGE, JOHN. The Energy Conditions necessary to produce the Rontgen Rays, xxxii, 253. 1897. RICHARDS, THEODORE W. On the Temperature Coefficient of the Potential of the Calomel Electrode, with several different Super- natant Electrolytes, xxxiii, 1. 1897. CREW, HENRY, and BASQUIN, OLIN H. On the Sources of Lumi- nosity in the Electric Arc, xxxiii, 335. 1898. KING, ROBERT O. An Absolute Measurement of the Thomson Effect in Copper, xxxiii, 351. 1898. TROWBRIDGE, JOHN. ' An Inquiry into the Nature of Electrical Dis- charges in Air and Gases, xxxiii, 433. 1898. PEIRCE, BENJAMIN O., and WILLSON, ROBERT W. On the Thermal Conductivities of certain Poor Conductors, I, xxxiv, 1. 1898. HALL, EDWIN H., and AYRES, CHARLES H. On the Thermal Con- ductivitv of Cast Iron, xxxiv, 281. 1898. 3o THE RUMFORD FUND MICHELSON, ALBERT A. The Echelon Spectroscope, xxxv, 109. 1899. RICHARDS, THEODORE W. The Driving Energy of Physico-Chem- ical Reaction, and its Temperature Coefficient, xxxv, 469. 1900. PEIRCE, BENJAMIN O., and WILLSON, ROBERT VV. On the Thermal Diffusivities of Different Kinds of Marble, xxxvi, 11. 1900. HALL, EDWIN H. On the Thermal and Electrical Conductivity of Soft Iron, xxxvi, 119. 1900. LYMAN, THEODORE. False Spectra from the Rowland Concave Grating, xxxvi, 239. 1900. RICHARDS, THEODORE W., and ARCHIBALD, EBENEZER H. A Studv of Growing Crystals by Instantaneous Photomicrography, xxxvi, 339. 1901. NICHOLS, EDWARD L. The Visible Radiation from Carbon, xxxvii, 71. 1901. BASQUIN, OLIN H. The Arc Spectrum of Hydrogen, xxxvii, 159. 1901. RICHARDS, THEODORE W. I. The Significance of Changing Atomic Volume. II. The Probable Source of the Heat of Chemical Combination, and a New Atomic Hypothesis, xxxvii, 397. 1901. PORTER, ROYAL A. The Influence of Atmospheres of Nitrogen and Hydrogen on the Arc Spectra of Iron, Zinc, Magnesium, and Tin, Compared with the Influence of an Atmosphere of Ammonia, xxxviii, 371. 1902. CREW, HENRY, and BAKER, JOHN C. On the Thermal Develop- ment of the Spark Spectrum of Carbon, xxxviii, 395. 1902. RICHARDS, THEODORE W., and MARK, KENNETH L. An Apparatus for the Measurement of the Expansion of Gases by Heat under Constant Pressure, xxxviii, 415. 1902. RICHARDS, THEODORE W., and WELLS, ROGER C. The Transition Temperature of Sodic Sulphate Referred anew to the Inter- national Standard, xxxviii, 429. 1902. PEIRCE, BENJAMIN O. On the Temperature Coefficients of Mag- nets made of Chilled Cast Iron, xxxviii, 549. 1903. THE RUMFORD FUND 31 NICHOLS, EDWIN F., and HULL, GORDON F. The Pressure due to Radiation, xxxviii, 557. 1903. PEIRCE, BENJAMIN O. On the Thermal Conductivities of Certain Pieces of Rock from the Calumet and Hecla Mine, xxxviii, 649. 1903. TROWBRIDGE, JOHN. The Spectra of Gases and Metals at High Temperatures, xxxviii, 679. 1903. LYMAN, THEODORE. On the Prolongation of Spectral Lines, xxxix, 31. 1903. LYMAN, THEODORE. An Explanation of the False Spectra from Diffraction Gratings, xxxix, 37. 1903. WOOD, ROBERT W. The Anomalous Dispersion, Absorption, and Surface Color of Nitroso-dimethyl-aniline, xxxix, 49. 1903. No YES, ARTHUR A., and COOLIDGE, WILLIAM D. The Electri- cal Conductivity of Aqueous Solutions at High Temperatures. I. Description of the Apparatus. Results with Sodium and Potassium Chloride up to 306°, xxxix, 161. 1903. MORSE, HARRY W. Spectra from the Wehnelt Interrupter, xxxix, 517. 1904. WOOD, R. W. A Quantitative Determination of the Anomalous Dispersion of Sodium Vapor in the Visible and Ultra-Violet Regions, xl, 363. 1904. SAUNDERS, FREDERICK A. Some Additions to the Arc Spectra of the Alkali Metals, xl, 437. 1904. WOOD, R. W. The Achromatization of approximately Mono- chromatic Interference Fringes by a Highly Dispersive Medium, and the consequent Increase in the allowable Path-difference, xl, 593. 1904. DAVIS, HARVEY N. A PQ Plane for Thermodynamic Cyclic Analysis, xl, 627. 1905. RICHARDS, THEODORE W. and LAMB, ARTHUR B. New Methods of determining the Specific Heat and the Reaction Heat of Liquids, xl, 657. 1905. LEWIS, GILBERT N. Autocatalytic Decomposition of Silver Oxide, xl, 717. 1905. 32 THE RUMFORD FUND The Rumford Committee will at any time receive applications for aid from the Rumford Fund in further- ance of researches in heat or light. Such applications may be sent to the Chairman of the Committee or to any of its members in care of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts. Full statements should be made as to the object of the in- vestigation for which aid is asked. A report of work is expected yearly as to the progress of the research for which a grant has been made. All apparatus purchased from appropriations from the Rumford Fund is the .property of the Academy and is to be returned to it when the research in question is completed. The rule as to publication of papers embodying the results of investigations furthered by grants from the Fund is indicated in a vote of the Rumford Committee, passed June 8, 1898. EXTRACT FROM THE RECORDS OF THE RUMFORD COMMITTEE. " It was voted that in the judgment of the Committee, persons carrying on researches with the aid of the Rumford Fund should submit to the Academy an account of their researches not less complete than that published elsewhere. These researches may be published in any place or form, with the proviso that due recogni- tion be made of the grant, and of the presentation of the paper to the Academy/1 FOURTEEN DAY USE RETURN TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWED This book is due on the last date stamped below, or on the date to which renewed. Renewed books are subject to immediate recall. 29Mar' retrain LD 21-100m-2,'55 (B139s22)476 3V 21 '69 -BAH 73-4PM2S General Library University of California Berkeley GAYLAMOUNT PAMPHLET BINDER Manufactured by GAYLORD BROS. Inc. Syracuse, N. Y. Stockton, Calif. American act and soienc demy of art es, Boston A tSinH M29G6SO THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY